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^       'Index  Suppleinont  to  tlio  BlIuulrloKl  Roviuw, 
Jul;  4,  1018. 


THE 


ELECTRICAL  REVIEW 


Vol.  LXXII. 

JANUARY  3    -    JUNE    27,   1913. 


1^^ 


LONDON : 
H.     ALABASTEE,     GATEHOUSE     &     CO., 

4,   LUDGATE   HILL,   B.C. 


Index  Supplement  to  the  Electrical  Review, 
July  4, 1913. 


•< 


/ 

fi  o  It  6  c>  »x  : 
Published  by  the  Proprietors, 

AT   4,    LUDGATE  HiLL,    E.G. 


Jl  i.v  1,  191;;.] 


TIIK     ELECTRICAL    REVIEW-INDEX. 


INDEX. 


U,l  of  MubhraMng,  .— Autiioiih,  City  Notbb,  CoNTHtcTH  rr^mn  ^m,.  /w.-    r. 


^^UBIlEVIATIONHandaymbols.Ncw 
Aberdeen  sliindor  action,  Tho,  £07 

..  Wages  and  conditions  at,  fin? 

Absorption,  A  Swiss,  981 
Accession    of   electrical    enKinccrs    to 

I'arlmment,  The,  921 
Accidents,  63,  Ur>,  il82,  666,  705,  810,  851, 
105  i) 
and  suRgestions  for  prevent- 
ing tlieni,  A  French  in(|Uiry 
into,  by  W.  Steuart,  548 
in  electric  lifts,  The  preven- 
tion of,  631 
in   mines,  The   use  of  elec- 
tricity and  electrical,  251, 
820,  407 
Tramway,  8.% 
Account,  Payments  on,  922 
Accumulator    industry.    The    (Jerman, 
928 
Tbe"AlkIum,'U5 
Acciiinulators  for  submarines,  10 
Admiralty  electrical  engineers   184 

Adverlisi'ng,  Electric  light  in,  33 
electricity,  330 
electricity,      by     H.      C 
Palmer,  367 
Agreement   between    electrical   under- 
takers. An,  686 
for  "hire"  and  "hire-pur- 
chase,"   by    'Excelsior," 

Agriculture,  Electricity  in,  946, 1002 
Air,  Electricity  from  the,  766 
„    filtration,   cooling  and  ventilation 
of   electrical    machinery,    by    J. 
Christie,  1088  ' 

"    '^1*^'^  'J^  niovingcoil  instruments, 
by  C.  C.  Garrard,  1C85 
A  kluin  accumulator.  The,  145 
AUmana  Elektriska  A.B.,  Sweden,  The 

progress  of  the,  684 
Aluminium,  144 

cables,  Insulated,  606 
conductors,  1029 
forpower  transmission, 559 
in     European      electrical 

undertakings,  277 
in  1912,  184 
The  financial  position   of, 

wire  prices,  931 
American   cement    mill    installation' 
Some,  845 
electrical    installations,    by 

T.  Harding  Churton,  625 
electrical  machinery  exports, 

British  and,  212 
heating  loads,  626 
Society    for    Electrical    De- 
velopment, 1067 
underwriters  and  Canadian 
trade.  The,  2 
Ampere,  The  International   197 
Anglo^German  Exhibition  in  London, 

*""BiitisW°"  '«'eP"ones, 
Apparatus  for  improving  the  power 
J?,'='0'\  0'  A.o.  systems. 
The  design  of,  by  Miles 
Walker,  155 
for  signalling  thunderstorms. 
An,  275  ' 

.,         Standardisation  of,  287 
^^    fl°ek°°V2l' '""'"'°"^- ''5'  •'  Whistle- 
Appointments  vacant,  25,  64.  10)    US 
186,  267,  304,  363,  390,  4£9  477  527 
566,  611,  661.  690  728  766  811   851 ' 
,         896,  940, 992: 1029,  1073  ■        • 

Apprentices,  Scarcity  of,  684 
Apprenticeship  systems,  246 
"A"""'   ^^^^'''•"  The,   by  W.  B.  Hird, 

„      lamps  for  the  outside  lightice  of 
shops,  by  W.  Pennell.  248 

VtLVl^^'^K  ^".PP'y  '°  premises 

situate  outside  the,  408 
Argentina,  British  trade  in,  547 
A,  „".-        Electrical  Congress  in,  1085 

^  Ttlie  lee      '  ^'^='""'y  '^o'ks 

Articles   from   the    technicil    iournals 
Filing,  by"  WhiEtletield,"  630        ' 
Artificers  in  the  Royal  Navy,  247  231 
Association  of  Electrical    Station  En- 
gmeerp,  144,  287, 439,  478,  518   566 
-  611.  f89,  728,991,  1029, 1068         **" 

Associations,  New,  353 
Asylum  installation.  An  Essex,  899 
Atmospherio  nitrogen.  The  fixation  cf, 
■    A     .    7-  ^-  9-  ^-  l^empton,  551 
.    Australia,    British    manufacturers    in, 
J47 
by  wireless.  Bridging,  by  Dr 

A.  Gradetwitz,  19 
Exhibition  in,  638 
M        „         Postal  electricians  in,  922 
H  Trade  statistics  of,  37 


*" "'"in "siSfi '"■"'"*''   '''''°"''  """^'I'on" 
Australian     development    in     electric 
cooking, B6U 
tarifri),b7 

tramway  conijianitsand  their 
omployt's,  193,  292,  868 
,,  wireless  telegraphy,  159 

Austria,  Cable  works  in;  637 

„        Electrocultiire  in,  123 
Austrian  Bergmann  Co.,  The,  186 

,,.       electrical  mail  vans,  1027 
Austria  s  foreign  trade,  .371 

Al'THOBS — 

*'"»""?.'-]h.  Josephs.,  on  Wages  and 
holidays  in  central  stations,  .384 

Aldous  P Con  Starting  and  speed 
control  of  induction  motors.  .322 

^^^iT'Sfc?'''-  '^-  °"  Colliery  cables, 
tiiy,  659 

"  Attendant,  •  on  The  electrioitv  show- 
room, 1004 

Austin,  K.  P.,  on  Practical  notes  on 
earthing  factory  apparatus,  457 

Bailey,  Prank,  on  Electric  supply  in 
London,  (--ei,  701 

Barham,  G.  B.,  on  Electrodes  for 
electric  furnaces,  628 

Belcher  E.  A.,  on  Hints  for  elec- 
tricians, 375 

Bousdeld,  Arthur  J.,  on  Tramway 
curf  es,  712  ' 

Broadbent,  Prank,  on  Modern 
methods  of  electric  wiring.  10 

Brown,  8.  G.,  on  Some  methods  of 
magnifying  feeble  signalling  cur- 
rent, 321 

^""il^^V^- .S?  Electric  resistance 
welding,  495 

Caldwell  J.,  on  The  lighting  of  small 
country  houses,  629 

Christie,  J.,  on  Air  filtration,  ventila- 
tion and  cooling  of  electrical 
machinery,  1088 

Churton  T.  Harding,  on  American 
electrical  installotioDs,  325 

Collier,  J.  Douglas,  on  New  electricity 
works  at  Pusan,  Korea,  772 

Coi,  K.,  on  Internal  combustion 
engines,  453 

Creedy,  P.,   on  The  turbo-converter. 

Crouch,  L.,  on  Relative  efficiency 
and  advantages  of  direct,  semi- 
airect  and  indirect  lighting  493  • 
on  Cost  and  efficiency  of  display 
lighting,  504  '^    ^ 

Cunliffe,  J.  G.  and  R.G.,  on  Tramway 

feeding  networks,  9,  75,  169 
Damoiseau,  J.  B.  G.,  on  Petrol-electric 

motor  vehicles,  969 

Dary,    Georges,    on    The    eleStrical 

„  ^  industry  in  Prance,  795,  872,  897 

Delta,"  on   The  progress    of  three- 

phase  traction  on  railways  "  999 

Dexter,  W.  A.,  on  Independent  steam 

condensing  plants,  209 
Edwards,  E.  H.,  on  The  possibilities 
of  increasing  profits  on  interurban 
tramwavs,  10l2 
"Element,"     on     Electric     cooking 

apparatus,  575 
Elliott,  G.  H.,   on    Electric    laundry 

irons,  797 
Everest,   A     R.,  on  gome  factors  in 

parallel  operation,  455 
"  Excelsior,"  on  Agreements  for  "hire  " 

and  "  hire-purchase,"  1002 
Ferranti,  S.  Z   de,  on   The  steam- gas 
turbine,  154  ;    on    Prime  movers 
for  electric  power,  1019 
Garrard,  C.  C,  on  Air-gaps  on  moving- 
coil  instruments,  1C85 
Gilford,  R.  D.,  on   Some  methods  of 
detecting  leakages  on  alternating 
1042  '■°°"""°"s-'^"i''ent  systems, 
Goodman,  Joseph,   on    Dumping-   a 
note  on  a  particular  case  of  dis- 
criminative charges,  577 
Gradenwitz,  Dr.  Alfred,  on  Bridging 
Australia  by  wireless,  19 ;  on  Crane 
equipment    of   an    Italian    steel- 
works, 480 
Giatzmuller,    Monsieur,    on     Bigh- 
tension  continuous-current  trac- 
tion, c83 

"'"RTmt5!8,868''°""^"^P'^-°"""' 
HighBeld.  J.  s,.  on  The  transmission  ' 

ot  electrical  energy  by  continuous 

current  on  the  series  system.  1046 
Hire    W.  B.,  on  The  "  Electric  Arc!" 

409  ' 

^*'  C'.Hung  Chi,   on   The  future  of 

British     electrical     industry     in 

North  China,  376 
Inghara,  Edward,  on  Increasing  steam 

plant  efficiencies,  I 
"Interested,"  on  Inventory  of  plant 

in  municipal  electricity  works,  71 


AtTlIOBM— eoilfi/iM,,/. 

Jenks,  A.  H.  C.,  on  The  mechanical 

design  of  switches,  6FH 
Jones,  Q.  Lloyd,  on  Kent  coal,  883 
Jullian,     M.,    on    The    electrifiration 

schomcB  of  the  Cliemin  dc  Per  du 

Midi,  968 
Kapp,  Dr  Oisbert,  on  Phase  advanc- 

ing,  784,  831 
Kempton,  P.  H.  8.,  on  The  fiiation  of 

atmospheric  nitrogen,  551 
Lambcrton,  Andrew,  on  A  new  form 

Of   electrically    driven    two-high 

ooniinuous-running    reversing 

^*'92S'  '^'''  "^  ^'"8le-phase  traction. 
Lees,  S.,  on  Electrical  dangers,  IK 
Mazen,  A.  N.,  on  The  electrification 

ot  the  State  railways:  the  Paris 

suburban  lines,  927 
Michie,   Dr.,  on    The    formation    of 

deposits  in  oil-cooled  transformers, 

Milns.  W.  E.,  on  Economies  in  the 
use  of  electric  power,  829 

Morgan  J.  B.,  on  A  method  of  taking 
load  tests  on  mains,  506 

Murphy,  Leonard,  on  The  installa- 
420"  power-factor   indicators. 

Palmer,  H.  Clifford,  on  Advertising 

electricity,  367 
Parodi,  H.,  on  Railway  electriflcation 

Fo45  '°   ""^   United    States, 

Pasquier.  A.  E.  du.  on  Electric  wind- 

ing  engines,  171 
Pearee,  S.  L.,  and  H.  A.  PatclifT,  on 

Recent  developments  in  the  street 

liBhting  of  Manchester,  4^7,581, 

617,  903 
Peck.  J.  8.,  on  Earthed  v.  unearthed 

neutrals  on  a.c.  systems,  78 
Powell,  8.   M.,  on   Electrical   trans- 

mission  of   colour    photographs, 

Ratcliff,  H.  A.,  and  S.  L.  Peaice,  on 
Recent  developments  in  the  street 
lighting  of  Manchester,  497,  661, 

Raymond-Barker,  E.,  on  Graphs  in  a 
cable-ship  drum-room:  notes  for 
junior  assistants,  113,  U2,  238 
276;  on  The  sounder  in  sub- 
marine telegraphy,  337 
Roles,  Thomas,  on  Electiic  healing 

and  cooking,  578 
Rosenberg,  Dr.  E.,  on  Self-synchron- 
ising machines,  744 
Rye,  A.  N.,  on  Gas  and  oil  engines 

for  electric  supply  stations,  739 
Bymer-Jones,  J.,  on  Electrostatic 
capacity  and  insulation  resistance 
measured  by  direct  -  reading 
methods,  C71 
Scott,  E.  K.,  on  Cables  for  shafts  :n 
mines,  366 

^^^'?1fi'.^-.'^'  C-,  Addrecs  to 
I.M.E.A..1019 

Simpson,  Sidney,  on  Prices  charged 
for  electric  power,  961 

Slingo,  W.,  on  Application  of  me- 
chanical devices  to  the  assistance 
of  inanual  operating  in  telephone 
exchanges,  1046 

Smith,  Prof.  c.  A.  M.,  on  "Gentle- 
men—we thank  you  :  "  72 

Spurr,  R.  D.,  on  The  means  for 
-securing  reliability  and  main- 
taming  the  continuity  of  supply, 

Stansfield,  Jos.  J.  h..  on  The 
National  Insurance  Act,  1911,  72 
124,  495  ' 

Steuart,  W.,  on  A  French  inquiry 
into  electiical  accidents,  and  sug- 
gcstions  for  preventing  them,  548 

Thompson,  Prof.  S.  P..  on  The  secret 
of  the  permanent  magnet,  961 

Thornton,  W.  M.,  en  The  change  of 
energy  loss  with  speed  in  direct- 
current  machines,  88 

Toppin,  W.   A.,   on  Electiical  appa- 

ratus  and  standardisation,  3(6 
Trotter,  A.  P.,  on   Standard  clauses 

inS  ^'/■f^noi'S'^'''"''  spfcificatiODS, 
703,  742,  787.  832 

Walker,  Miles,  on  The  design  rf 
apparatus  for  improving  the 
power  factor  of  a.c.  svstoms,  !55 

Wardale.  W.  T.,  on  Another  view  on 
the  copartnership  question,  €8  ■ 
on  The  electric  lighting  c f  villages. 
43 

"Whistletield,"  on  Applications  for 
situations,  321 :  on  A  Plea  for  the 
the  domestic  load,  406;  on  Filing 
articles  from  technical  journals, 
6i:0 

Whysall,  P.  H.,  en  The  use  of  a  large 
lighting  battery  in  C(  nnection 
with  central  station  supply,  278 


AiTiiop.»-  eonlhiuid. 
Wick«B,  c.  Hamilton,  Report  lo  ibe 

Board  c«  Trod.-  en   the    frder- 

wrlter.'       L.I«,r»tories       (Inc.), 

Chicago,  84 
"  Wii{waiii,"  on   Bni.(neii»  mpihcds  in 

New  Zealand,  967 
Wilmshurst.    T.    p.,    „n    The    com 

mercial  aspertj  of  erectric  cookinK 

and  hoftllnif,  (10 

Automatic  telephone  system,  The  Petu- 

lander,  818 
Award,  The  telephone,  81 

BALL,  The  .Midland  Electiical 
c.ngineer»',  25 
Bankruptcy  proceedings,  11,  97  if 5 
179,  214,  2.57,  595,  304,  .340,  .381.  4S1.' 
470,  5U,  557,  f97,  6.38,  077,  720.  7.5fi 
801,  816,898,  978,  10D2,  1061  * 

uankside.  Reconstruction  at,  628 

"rt'esf""""''   "'^""^>"    kitchen 
Bath,  The  curative  waters  cf,  122 
Batik  work.  Electric.  711 
Battery.  Another  new,  105 

.,        in    connection    with     central- 
station  supply.  The  use  of 
a  large  lighting,  by  P.  H. 
Whysall,  it78 
„        manufacture  in  Prance   470 
,,        The  household,  163 
Belfast,  Electrical  wages  in,  347 
Benevolence,  Electrical,  5^7 
Benevolent  Institution  and  life  insur- 
ance.   The    Electrical 
Trades,  220 
Institution    and    National 
Insurance,  347 
„  Institution,     Electrical 

Trades,   144,    488,    508. 
5.'-4,  651,  667 
Institution.  —  F  e  s  t  i  V  a  I 
dinner.       Electrical 
Trades,  706 
Institution    Whist    D.  ive 
Electrical  Trades,  25  ' 
Bergmann  Co.,  The  Austrian,  185 
Berlin     railway     conversion     scheme, 

Betulacder  automatic  telephone  syf  tern. 

Bills,  Proposed  expenditure  on  electr'cal 

works  under  private,  61 
Birmingham  Electric  Club,  768 
Birmingham's     proposed     new    newer 

station,  789 
Bitumen  strip,  New  vulcanifed.  14 
Blackburn  extensions.  The,  163 
Board  of  Trade  and  electric  lighting,  63 
.,      of  Trade  regulations  for  overhead 

lines,  918 
,.      of  Trade  regulations.  New,  877 
Boiler  feed.  Electric  control  of,  543 
Bcilers,  Bonecourt,  714 

..        in  Canada,  Water-tube,  811 
Bolton  vacancy.  The,  940 
Bombardment  at  Earl's  Cc  urt,  940 
Bonecontt  boilers,  714 
Boom,  The  trade,  113 
Bradford  strike,  25,  402,  885 
Brest,  Radiophares  near,  467 
Btitish    and     American     electrical 
machinery  exports,  212 
Association   meeting,  Birming- 
ham, 1913,  43S,  7(4 
.,      Electrical  and  Allied  Manufac- 
turers' .Association,  The.  in 
172,7-28,946 
Electrical      Superannnat'on 

Fund,  122 
Engineers'      Association,     6fO 
1028 
.,      Engineers'      Associa'ion      and 

merchant  firms,  979 
..      Government  and  British  Firms 
a  he,  104 
Guiana,  British  trade  in.844 
India.  Trade  staiistics  of,  117 
.,      manufacturers  in  .Australia.  847 
931  -■"••'I 

Brompton    and    Kensington     Electric 

Restaurant,  The.  76:' 
B.T.Il   rotary  converters.  932 
Building    Trades     Exhibition,     Inter- 

national,  650 
Burns,  First  aid  in  case  of  electrical, 

566 
Business  methods  :n  New  Zealand,  by 

"Wigwam,  "957 


c 


ABLE  discounts.  894 

irstallation,     A    60,000 -volt 

underground,  413 
laying     in    the    Antipodes, 

"  Centralians  "  and.  62 
making,  Japan.  1027 
niarnfacture.     Cine  ma  to 

graph  films  of,  S71 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW— INDEX. 


[July  4,  1913. 


Cable  ship  drum  Toom,  Graphs  in  a,  by 
K.  Raymond -Barker,  113,  153, 
388,276 
„      stealing  on  the  Rand,  102H 
works  in  Austria,  637 
Cables,   Colliery,  by  W.  T.  Anderson, 
619,  C59 
„        for  shafts  in  mines,  by  E.  K. 
SCO  It,  86ti 
High  -  pressure     underground, 

657 
Insulated  aluminium,  606 
Callendera  Hospital  Fund,  181 
Campaign    in    Aine^c!*,   (Co-ojwrative 

electrical,  ^'21 
Canada,  PSQ 

,,        F.lenlric  stoves  for,  K27 

English  steel  works  in,  1021 
Notes  from,  237,  SSH,  459,  5i9, 
66f ,  76^  915,  10»0 
„    "    Wat^rtub*  boiietnin,  Bll 
Canadian      corresp^ndeota     think     cf 
Canada,'\Vhat,alO 
electrical    farming  plant.  A, 

646 
trade,    Chioaso    laboratories 

and,  633 
ta-itt  on  electric  stoves,  The, 
930,  UWJ 
„  trade,  The  American  under- 

writers and,  3 
Capacity    and     insulation     resistance 
measured      by       direct  -  reading 
methods.    Electrostatic,     by    J, 
RymerJones,  671 
Car  construction  in  Great  Britain,  478 
„    lighting  competition,  Electric,  475 
„    lighting  system.  The  Edison,  213 
Carleon    train-lighting    dvoamc,    The, 

649 
Cars  with  enamel  baked    electrically, 

Painting,  641 
Celluloid  regulations,  502,  940 
Cement  mill  installations.  Some  Ameri- 
can, 645 
Census  of  production.  The,  81 
Central   station  supply.  The  use  of  a 
large  lighting  battery  in  con- 
nection with,  bv  F.  H,  Why- 
sail,  278 
„        stations.  Wages  and  holidays 
in,  by  J.  S.  Ainsworth,  364 
"  Centralians  "  and  cable-laying  in  ithe 
Antipodes,  63 
Old, 185 
Change  of  energy  loss  with  speed    in 
direct-current  machine?.  The,  by 
W,  M.  Thornton,  88 
Charge,  The   value  of  the  elementary 

electric,  36 
Chelsea    railway    power    station,  The, 

987 
Chemin  de  Fer  du  Midi,  The  electrifica- 
tion schemes  of  the,  by  M.  JuUian, 
968 
Chicago    laboratories    and    Canadian 

trade,  632 
Chile,  Electric  and  copper  works  io, 

766 
China,  888 

„      British  electrical  developments 

in,  979 
„      The  future  of  British  electrical 
industry    in    North,    by    Usi 
C'HungChi,376 
Cinders,  Electricity  from,  389 
Cinematograph    Exhibition,  The    first 
International,  654, 631 , 
658 
„  films  of  cable  manufac- 

ture, 871 

CiTV   Notes— 
Aberdeen    Suburban  Tramwajs  Co., 

858,  393 
A.E.G.,  66 
African  Trans-Continental  Telegraph 

Co.,  811 
Alderley     and     Wilmslow      Electric 

Supply,  777 
AUdays  A  Onions  Pneumatic  Engin- 
eering Co..  558 
Alley*  MacLellan,  443 
Allmana  Svenska  Elektriska  A.B.,858 
Altrincham  Electric  Supply,  859 
Aluminium  Corporation,  994,  1032 
American  Telephone  and  Telegraph 
Co.,  148,  670 

,,  Westinghouse  Electric  and 

Manufacturing  Co.,  991 
Anchor  Cable  Co.,  733 
Anglo-American  Telegraph  Co-,  108, 
662,  695,  777,  868 
„     -Argentine  Tramways  Co.,  618, 

653,691 
„    -Portuguese  Telephone  Co.,  777, 
831 
Arbroath  Electric  Light  and  Powei 

Co.,  669 
Aron  Electricity  Meter,  1031, 1078 
Ascot    District   Gas  and    Electricity 

Co.,  486 
Auckland  Electric  Tramways  Co.,  831 
Australia,  369,  489,  538 
Austrian  electrical    companies,    953, 

1077 
Automal  ic  Telephr  ne  Co.,  654,  10^5 
Avery,  W.  &  T.,  1075 
Babcock  4  Wilcox,  662 
Babia    Tramway,  Light    and    Fowtr 

Co.,  838,  991 
Bastian  M  ter  Co.,  357 
Batn  Electric  Tramways,  857,  895 
Belgian  electrical  companies,  868 
Belgium,  813,  908 
Berlin     Elevated    and    Underground 

Railway,  570 
Birmingham      District     Power     and 

Traction  Co..  907,  917 
Blackpool  and  Fleetwood  Tramroad 
Co.,  189,  289 

„  Lytham    and    Bt.    Anno'* 

Tramways  Co  ,  19 


City  ^otes— continued. 
Bombay  Electric  Supply  and  Tram- 
ways Co.,  908,  994 
Bournemouth   and  Poole  Electricity 

Supply  Co.,  312,  394,  487 
Braunton  Electric  Light  and  Power 

Co.,  569 
Brazilian  Traction,  Light  and  Power 

Co..  147,  69S,  819 
Brentford  Electric  Supply  Co.,  618 
Brisbane  Electric  Tramways  Invest- 
ment Co.,  779, 906 
Bristol  Tramways  and  Carriage  Co., 

271,865 
British  Aluminium  Co.,  633,  571 
Coalite  Co.,  68 
Columbia    Electric    Railway 

Co.,  147,  652 
Electric    Traction    Co.,    9C7, 
995,  1081,  10;i3 
„        Electric     Transfotmor     Co., 

811,859,  3J7 
„        Ennine,  Boiler  and  Electrical 
Insurance  Co.,  441 
Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables, 
323,  395,  441,  f,2i 
,,        L.M.  Ericsson  Munufaoturing 

Co.,  445,  632 
„        Thomson-Houston    Co.,    863, 

947 
„        WfStinghouse    Electric    and 
Manufacturing  Co.,  732,  778 
Bromley  (Kent)    Electric  Light  and 

Power  Co.,  671 
Brompton  and  Kensington  Electricity 

Supply  Co.,  89.1,  444,  488 
Browett,  Lindley  &  Co.,  569 
Bruce  Peebles  &  Co.,  311,  359,  893 
Bryant  Trading  Syndicate,  29 
Bude  Electric  Supply  Co.,  653 
Calcutta  Electric  Supply  Corporation, 
230,  356,  531,  732,  780,  H8, 
859,  1075 
Tramways  Co..  695,  729 
California  Railway  and  Power  Co.,  393 
Callender's  Cable  and  Construction 

Co.,  733,  823 
Cambridge  Electric  Supply  Co.,  811, 

4S9 
Canada,  141 
Canadian  General  Electric  Co.,  186, 

613 
Cape  Electric  Tramways,  188 
Capital  expansion  in  Germany,  892 
CastnerKellner  Alkali  Co.,  824,  907 
Central  London  Railway  Co.,  107,  187, 

231,269,  270 
Charing  Cross,  West  End   and  City 

Electricity  Supply  Co.,  357,  401 
Chatham  and  District  Light  Railways 

Co.,  147 
Chelsea  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  313, 

396,  442 
Chili  Telephone  Co..  30 
Chilian  Electric  Tramways  and  Light 

Co.,  1076 
Chiswick  Electricity  Supply  Corpora- 
tion, 776 
Chloride  Electrical  Storage  Co.,  !69, 

778 
City  and  South  London  Railway  Co., 
146,  232,  815 
„    Electric    Light    Co.    (Brisbane), 

694 
„    of  Buenos  Ayres  Tramways  Co. 

(1901),  190,  271,  314,  778 
„    of  London  Electric  Lighting  Co., 
812,400,489 
Cleveland  and  Durham  County  Elec- 
tric Power  Co.,  864, 908 
Clyde  Valley  Electrical   Power  Co., 

529 
Colombo     Electric    Tramways     and 

Lighting  Co.,  778 
Commonwealth  Kdison  Co.,  448 
Companies  struck  oflt    the  Register, 

443 
Company  registrations  in  1912,  229 
Consolidated  Cities  Light,  Power  and 
Traction,  639 
Diesel  Engine  Manufac- 
turers, 229 
„  Gas,  Electric  Light  and 

Power    Co.,  of    Balti- 
more, 230,  951 
Constantinople  Telephone  Co.,  734 
Continental  electrical  companies,  67, 

1076, 1077 
Cork  Electric  Tramways  and  Lighting 

Co.,  784 
County  of  Durham  Electrical  Power 
Distribution    Co.,    869,  41S, 
580 
,,       of  London    Electric    Supply 
Co.,  859,  392,144 
Coventry  Electric  Tramways  Co.,  856 
Craigpark  Elec.  Cable  Co.,  786, 776, 821 
Credenda  Conduits,  1033 
Crompton  &  Co., 917 
Crossley  Bros.,  818 
Cuba  Submarine  Telegraph  Co.,  693, 

782,  822 
Cuban  Telephone  Co.,  822 
Davis  4  Timmins,  395,  489 
Delhi  Electric  Tramways  and  Light- 
ing Co.,  949 
Deutsche  -  Atlantisrhc    Telegrsphen 

Gcsellschaft,  867 
Direct  epanieh  Telegraph   Co.,   HI, 
487 
„      United  States  Cable  Co.,  107, 
618,  6l'4,  731 
Douglas  Soatbem  Electric  Tramways, 

8A1 
Dublin  and  Lucan  Electric  Railway 
Co.,  487,  571 
United  TramwaysCo.,  108,269 
Dundee,  Broughty  Ferry  and  District 

Tramways  Co.,  189 
Durham    Collieries    Electric  Power 

Co.,  486,692 
Dutch   Netherlands    Telegraph    Co., 

907 
East  London  Railway  Co.,  118 


City  Notes— tOTjIimifit. 
Eastern    Extension,    Australia    and 
China  Telegraph  Co.,  736, 
822,  855 
Telegraph  Co.,  780.  8-22,  906 
Edison  &  Swan  United  Kleoiric  l^ight 

Co.,  961, 1032,  1072 
Electiic  and  General  Investment  Co., 
894,  I0;t5,  1075 
,,       Construction  Co.,  147 
Electrical  and  Industrial  Investment 
Co.,2ri9,  318 
Apparatus  Co.,  950 
,,         Distribution  of  Yorkshire, 
141,532 
Electrolytic  Alkali  Co.,  618,  693 
Elmore's    German    and  Ausiro  Hun- 
garian Metal  Co.,  817 
I'^inpresas  Electricas  A&soc>adas,  582 
Eritli's  Bnnineering  Co  .  3t9 
Evered  &  Co.,  531 
Fairbairn,  Law  son,  Cooinbe,  Barbour, 

529 
Farnham  Gas  and  Electiicily  Co  ,  481 
Fife  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co., 

392 
Folkestone  Electricity  Supply  Co..  570 
France,  108,  272,  812,  863,  9t8,  962 
French  Thomson  Houston  Co.,  9C8 
Gandy  Belt  Mai.iifacturing  Co.,  5i9 
Gateshead    and    District    Tramways 

Co,  311,  411,  488 
German  electrical  companies,  i9,  812, 
812,  867,  903,  1017 
South  ■  American   Telegraph 
Co.,  1032 
.  Giant's  Causeway,  Portrush  and  Bu-h 
Valley  Railway  and  Tramway  Co., 
441 
Globe  Telegraph  and  Trutt  Co  ,  486, 

1035 
Glover,  W.  T.,  &  Co.,  272,  440 
Gravesend    and    NorthHeet    Electric 

Tramways,  733 
Great  Northern  and  City  Railway  Co., 
147,  231 
„     Northern     Telegraph     Co.,   of 
Denmaik.5'29  821 
Greece,  441 

Greenock  and   Port  Glasgow  Tram- 
ways Co.,  490,  584 
Greenwood  &  Batlev,  1075 
Guildford  Electricity  fcupply  Co.,  580, 

652 
Gwynnes,  188,  950 

Hadtield's  Steel  Foundry  Co.,  444,  631 
"  Harper  "  Electric  Piano  Co.,  107 
Harrow    Electric    Light    and   Power 

Co.,  445 
Hastings  and  District  Electric  Trac- 
tion Co.,  862 
Hawkes,  O.  C.,4B5 
Henley's,    W.  T.,  Telegraph  Works 

Co.,  268,  311,358,  3a8 
Holland,  812 
Holswortby  Electricity  and  Gas  Co., 

668 
Hong  Kong  Tramway  Co.,  812,  861 
Hove  Electric  Lit;hting  Co.,  143,  532 
Huelva  Gas  and  Electricity  Co  ,  486 
Hungary,  311 

Imperial  Tramwoys  Co  ,  f>54,  995 
India  Rubber, G utia  1  ereha and  Tele- 
graph Works  Co.,  i94,  1075 
Indian  Electric  Supply  and  Traction 

Co.,6t2,  6U3 
Indo-European    Telegraph    Co.,    652, 

ess,  731 
International  Usilophones,  823 
Isle   of    Wight    Electric    Light    and 

Power  Co.,  6i9,  693 
Italy,  531 

Japan,  108,  148,  1031,  1075 
Jarrow  and  District  Electric  Traction 

Co.,  529 
Johnson  &  Phillips,  654,  736 
Kalgoorlie  Electric  Power  and  Light- 
ing Cori)oration,  669,  855,  t48 
Kaministiquia  Power  Co.,  107,  698 
Keith,  James,  &  Blackman,  1092 
Kensington  and  Knightsbridge  Elec- 
tric Lighting  Co.,  313,  396 
Kent  Electric  Power  Co.,  777 
Kettlewell  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  681 
Kidderminster  and  District  Electric 

Lighting  and  Traction  Co.,  9(J6 
Lanarkshire  Tramways  Co.,  117,  380 
Lancashire  Dynamo  and  Motor  Co., 
t69,  613 
Power  Construction  Co., 
662,  692 
„  United     Tramways,    £57, 

397 
La  Plata  Electric  Tramways  Co.,  052, 

788, 779 
Launoeston    and     District     Electric 

Supply  Co.,  357 
Lima    Light,   Power  and    Tramways 

Co.,8'27,  908 
Lisbon  Electric  Tramways,  187,  779, 

863 
Liverpool  District  Lighting  Co.,  485, 
581 
Overhead  Railway  Co.,  116, 
338,311  ' 
Llandudno  and  Colwyn  Bay  Electric 

Railway  Co.,  80,66 
Llanelly  and  District  Electric  Light- 
ing and  Traction  Co.,  485 
London  and  Suburban  Traction  Co,, 
828,  9.7 
Elec'iic    Railway    Co.,    117, 
186,282 
lectric  Su 
311,8f>8,  «!IH 
Electric  Wire  Co.  and  Smiths, 

8t9 
General  Omnibus  Co.,  232 
United  Tramways,  1»7,  892, 
443 
Machine  Tool  and  Engineering  Asso- 
ciation, 148 
Mfcckay  Companies,  311,  061 
Madras  Electric  Supply  Co.,  1031 


CrTY  HoTy.s— continued, 
Madras  Electric  Tramways  (1904),  186 
Manila  Electric  Railroad  and  Light- 
ing Corporation,  441 ,  1676 
Manorhainrlton  and  District  Electric 

Light  Co.,  441 
Manslield    and    District    Tramways, 

855 
Marconi  International  Marine  Com- 
munication Co  .  103?,  1080 
„  Russian  Co.    of  W  ireloss 

Telegraphs    arrd    Tele- 
phones, 1031 
„         Wireless  Telegraph  Co,  of 
America,  1032 
Mather  &  Piatt,  269,  812 
Melbourne  Electric  Supply  Co.,  858 
Melton  Mowbray  Electric  Light  Co., 

441 
Mersey  Railway  Co.,  231,  2li8 
Merthyr  Electric  Traction  and  Light- 
ing Co.,  861 
Meta'ite,  29,  394,733,950 
Metropolitan   District    Railway    Co., 
146, 188,  231 
Electric  Sui  ply  Co., 833, 
445,  583 
,,  Electric  Tramways,  147, 

231,  811,  731 
Railway    Co.,  117,   189, 
283,  812 
Mexliorough    and    Rawmarsh    Con- 
struction Syndicate,  819,  857 
Mexican  Fuel  and  Power  Co.,  29 

„        Light  and  Power  Co.,  68, 529, 
1077 
Mexico  Tramways  Co.,  68,  529, 1077 
Midland     Electric    Corporation     for 

Power  Distribution,  653 
Mid-Sussex  Eiectnc  Light  and  Power 

Co.,  Ill 
Milford-on-Sea  Electric  Light  Co.,  618 
Mirilees,  Bicker  ton  &  Day,  907 

Watson  A  Co.,  3.55,  189 
Montana  Power  Co.,  5'29 
Monte  Video  Telephone  Co.,  653 
Montreal  Light,  Heat  and  Power  Co., 

146,  693, lOtl 
Moy,  Ernest  F.,  7E0 
Municipal  and  General  Securities  Co., 

443 
Nairobi  Electric  P<  wer  and  Lighting 

Co.,  146,652,831 
National  Electric  Supply  Co.,  356, 1036 
Gas  Engine  Co.,  273 
,,         Telephone  Co.   (in    liquida- 
tion), 7S0,  776 
Neuhausen  Aluminium  Co., 812 
Newcastle  and  District  Electric  Light- 
iDg  Co.,  268,  816,  357 
„  -upon-Tyne  Electric  Supply 

Co.,  314,  440,  530 
New  General  Traction  Co.,  858,  951 
Newmarket  Electric  Light  Co.,  529, 

669 
New  York  Telephone  Co.,  4R5 
North  Metropolitan  Electrical  Power 
Distribution  Co.,  394     ■ 
„     Metropolitan    Electric    Power 

8upplyCo.,l93,  732 
,,     of  Scotland  Electric  Light  and 
Power  Co.,  613 
Northampton     Electric     Light    and 

I'owcr  Co.,  271 
Northern  Light,  Power  and  Coal  Co., 

359 
Norwich  Electric  Tramways  Co.,  859 
Netting  Hill    Electric  Lighting  Co  , 

316,  358 
Official  announcements  re  companies, 

270,  694,  991 

Oldham,  Ashton    and  Hyde  Eltctric 

Tramway,  096, 780 
Oriental  Telephone  and  Electric  Co., 

569,  096,  777 
Ottawa  Electric  Railway  Co.,  898 
Oxford  Electric  Co.,  359,  490 
Paisley  District  Tramways  Co.  (1901), 

271,  859 

Para  Electric  Tramways  and  Light- 

inKCo.,311,  358.400 
Paris  Metropolitan  Railway,  1076 
Parsons  Marine  Steam  Turbine  Co., 

189 
Potteries  Electric  Traction  Co.,  818, 

866 
Provincial  Cinematograph  Theatres, 
188,  669,  951 
Tramways  Co.,  994 
Puebla  Tramway,  Light  and  Power 

Co.,  1079 
Pulford  Bros.,  994 
Rand  Mines  Power  Supply  Co.,  813 
Rangoon     Electric     Tramway     and 

bupply  Co.,730,  774,  812 
Reading  Electric  Supply  Co..  013 
Reduction  of  capital,  255,  1081 
Rees  Roturlio  Manufacturing  Co.,  670 
Rhondda  Tramways  Co.,  487,  6(8 
Rio  do  Jsneiro  Tramway,  Light  and 

Power  Co.,  29.618 
River  Plate  Electricity  Co.,  786,  818 
Russian    electrical    companies,    106, 

869,863,  tot 
St.    James'   and  Pall    Mall    Elcctrio 

Light  Co.,  187,  270,  812 
Salisbury  Electric  Light  and  Supply 

Co.,  529 
Sao  Paulo  Tramway,  Light  and  Power 

Co.,  29,  618 
Scarborough  Electric  Supply  Co.,  357, 

445 
Shanghai   Electric  Construction  Co., 

819,  SCO  , 

Bhawinigan  Water  and  Power    Co., 

52S,  1074  ,  j 

Sheer  ness  and  District  Electric  Light 

and  Traction  Co.,  1(82 
Siemens  Bros.  A  Co.,  1081  ' 

Simmonds  Bros.,  822 
Singapore    Electric    Tramways    Co., 

189,  776,  820 
Bloagh  and  Datchet  Electric  Sufpl 

Co.,  118 


JlLY   I,  191:!.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW— INDEX. 


Cirv  NoTM  fonllniifd.— 
dmithfleld   MnrkotH   Kloctrlo  Supply 

Co.,  189. '.llH.a  0 
Boutn  Aincrican  >i;loctrio  Light  and 
I'.iKi.rCo  ,1161) 
I.ondnn    Kleriric   Supply  Cor- 

poriituii,  v;ii.  -iitj,  HI,  r.:)! 

„      Milnipolniin      Klii-liir     I, (flit 
iiml  PowirCo., -ilH.Sll.auS, 
670 
.,      Metropolitan    KIcctrIc    Tram- 
wiiy8  and  LiKhting  Co.,  H2I, 
906 
WbIus  KIcctiical  Power  Dislrl- 
bution  Co.,  AaS 
SliiwiirtH  *  LlovdH.  «88 
8tcck   K-xchanue  notices,  a«,  107,  1<7, 

iwt,  v:)o,  aiiu,  811,  :i6.''.,  hju,  4-ii.  *Hr,, 

6'J!I,  I IH,  (isa,  Bl/a,  7»B,  778,  »2t,  'Ml, 
961,  9!M,  1076 
Stokvii,  .t  ■/.  men,  R.  S.,  770 
Btone,  J.  (i.,&  Co.,  1078 
Btratfi>rdon  Avon  Klcctriclty  Co.,78\ 

823 
Subniiirinr  Cal)les  Trust,  858 
SufToik  h  lei^tricity  Supply  Co.,  '07 
tjunderlnnd   District   Klectrio  Tram- 

way8,  822,  85» 
Swiss  electrical  companies,  8^6 
Hwitzoiland.  811,  .'Wl,  5^4, 1 69,  908 
TelcRi'aph    Construction    and   Main- 

tennnce  Co.,  269,  811,  39B 
Telepliou.  Co.  of  KKypt,  G6'J 
TilliuK,  Thomas,  82:) 
Tonjuay  Electric  Tramways  Co.,  529 
Trai^tiou  and  Power  Securities,  856, 

108.5 
TraBord    Power    and    Light    Supply 

(1(102),  lO'M 
Traraw.iys  and   (Jeneral   Works,  778, 
850 
„  and      Light     Railways 

Kstates  Co.,  5<9 
,,  Light  and  Power  Co  ,  48C 

Tyneiuoulh    and     District     Klectric 

Traction  Co.,  485,  570 
Tyneside  Electrical  Development  Co., 
359 
,,         Tramways    and   Tramroads 
Co..  tis 
Underfeed  Stoker  Co.,  312 
Undergn/und  Electric  Railways  Co. 

of  London,  232,  269,  35t> 
United  Alkali  Co.,  359 

„        Eleciric  Tramways  of  Monte 

Video,  9 16,  1034 
„        River   Plate  Telephone   Co., 
6'8,  (93,  776 
Urban  Electric  Supply  Co.,  862,  91S 
Venezuela  Telephone  and  Electrical 

Appliances  Co.,  1035 
Vera  Cruz  Electric  Light,  Power  and 

Traction,  777,  860 
Vickers,  443,  .571 
Victoria  Palls  and  Transvaal  Powt  r 

Co.,  733,  994 
Waste     f'eit    and     Ras     Elec'rical 

Oenerating  Stations,  359,  599 
VVaygood  &  to  ,  1075 
Wemvss  and  District  Tramways  Co., 

529,  f69 
Wett  African  Telegraph  Co  ,  864.  904 
,,    Coast    of    America    Tcleg  aph 

Co  ,  823,  8'i5 
,,    India  and    Panama  Telegraph 

Co.,6<)2,  821 
„    London   and    Provincial   Elec- 
tric Supply  Co.,  907 
Western  Telegraph  Co.,  445,  822,  905, 

994 
Wes'minst"r  Electric  Supply  Cori^ora. 

tion.  190,314,365 
White,  J.  G.,  A  Co.,  <1'>4,  1075 
WillansS  U  binson,  107,  269,  393,  5P8, 

73S  774 
Windsor  Electrical  Installation  Co  , 

440 
Winnipeg  Electric  Railway  Co.,  4-5, 

.531, 1032 
Yorkshire  Electric   Power  Co.,   229, 
355 
,,  (West     Riding)      Electric 

Tramways,  189, 1075 


Clauses    for   street    lighting   specifica- 
tions. Standard,  bv  A.  P.  Tiott  -r, 
703,  742,  787,  8.12 
Clocks,  Electric,  756,  801,  844 

Synchronising  turret,  916 
Cloth-cutting  machine,  An  electric,  5?3 
Ckthing     and     Outfitting    Exhibiiion, 

Electricity  at  the,  639 
Club,  New  Bati5h  Westinghouse,  303 
Coal,  Kent,  by  G.  Lloyd  Jones,  333 

,,      stacking  and  firing.  304 
"Cold,"  International  Congress  of,  593 

light.  765 
CoUierv  cables,  by    W.  T.   Andtrson, 
619,  659 
rule^.  Breach  of,  476 
Colloids,  Generaldiscussion  on  (Faraday 

Society),  741 
Colonial    tariffs   on    electrical    gaol's. 
Foreign   and,  80,    120,  203, 
283,   415,  543,  .583,  70s,  747, 
835,919,1007.1047 
„         telephone    problem.    An    in- 
teresting 92 
Colour  photographs.  Electrical    trans- 
mission of,  by  S.  M.  Powell,  45S 
Combustion  engines.  Internal,    by    K. 

Cox,  453 
Commercial  aspect  of  electric  cooking 
and  heating.  The,  by  T.  P.  Wilms- 
burst,  410 
Comniisi-ion,  International Elcctrotech- 

nical,  64,283 
Commissions,  Illicit,  896 
Committee  dissolved.  A,  21 
Conimunicati  ns,  Imperial,  879 
Compass,  The  Sperry  gyro,  942 
"Competent  person,"  The.  418,  709 
Competition,  Electric  car  lighting,  475 


Compi  titinn     for    k    inlnnr'i    elcctilc 

aafiity  lamp,  Prittn,  6tW 
Condunxing  p'uiiIh,  Imleprndent  iitnam, 

by  W.  A.  Dexter,  2UU 
Conference,  Imperial  Motor  Trannport, 

1027 
Congieiia  in  Argintlna,  Elcctrlral,  1086 
„  in  KuHxIa,  Klvotrical,  4U4 

„  Internutlonal       EnKineering, 

1916,  lOiH 
The    TrmiiwayH    and     Light 
Kailwaya  ABsnciallon's  An- 
nual, lull,  1061 
Constanllnoplo  electrical  schemes,  871 

railways,  761 
CnnBtitutioii  of  matter.  The,  R6B 
Const  ructional     work.     Electricity     in, 

226 
Consular  Notes,  64, 96,  177,  398,  410,  4t8, 

800,  876,886,  i))l,  1069 
Consuliing  engineers  in  Germany,  751 
Continuity  of  supply,  1  ho   means  fnr 
seeiiring  reliability  and  maintain- 
ing the,  by  U.  D.  Spurr.  452 
Contiii'iOUB-current     on     tlie     serifs 
syslein,  The  transmission 
of    electrical    energy   bv, 
by  J.  8.  Highfleld,  1046 
,,         -current     traction.     High- 
tension,     by     M,     Oratz- 
muller,  888 
„         -running  reversing  mill,  A 
new   form  of  electrically 
driven    two-high,    by    A. 
L«mberton,  868 
Contract  work.  Payment  for,  451 
Conlractcre'  Association,  Dublin  Elec- 
trical, 4.38 
Association    (Inc.),    Elec- 
trical, 1029 
dinner,  Newcastle,  220 

CoN'rR.vcrs  Ci.esFD — 
Aberdeen,  300 
Aocrington,886 
Adelaide,  474 
Admiralty,  'il9,  68V850 
Aldershot,  23 
Argentine,  (^07 

Ashton-under-Lvne,  103,  474,  516,  850 
Atherton,"3U0,  516 
Australia,  I'3,  219,  263,  396,  474,516, 

648,  6-. 3,  726,  762 
Austria,  300 
Aysgarth,  9''4 
Balmoral,  >4d 
Barnes,  1006 
Barnslev,  800,  346 
Barrow,  608,  6i8j  762,  807,  850 
Batlev,  60 

Battersea,  143,  517,  608,  8f8 
Bedford,  23,  850 
Belfast,  263,  563,  763 
Belgium,  23,  183,346,386,  .56',  607,  763, 

807,  .«50,  893,  938.  984,  ireij 
Bermondsey,  301,  43fi,  517,  939,  10i6 
Bexhill-on-Sea,  23,  183,  ,563,  648,  726, 

763 
Birkenhead,  386 
Birmingham,  186,  807 
Bishnpstawton,  850 
Blackburn, 807 
Blackpool,  142,  183,  f  93 
31yth,  726,  763 
Bolton,  300,  386,  436,  474,  618,  763,  8:0, 

938,  984 
Bouruemouth,  648 
Bradford,  l(i3,  219,  263,  436,  618,  763, 

984,  1026 
Bridlineton,  23,  436,  474,  763 
Brighton,  103,  763,  633 
Brisbane.  474 

Bristol,  23,  60,  183,  616,  763 
Broadstaiis  and  St.  Peters,  763 
ButnosAvres,  763  893,  1066 
Burnley,  '261,  516,  f  50 
Bunon-on-Trent,  474,  984 
Bury,  183,  607 
Bushey,  5fi3 
Camberwell,264 
Canada,  60,  436,  726 
Canterhurv,  263.  607,  989 
Cape  Town,  14^,608 
Carlisle,  893 
Chase  Town,  346 
Cheltenham,  219,  436,  807,  9S9 
Chesterfield,  516 
Chile,  6",  938,  10-36 
China,  386,  763,  1066 
Clacton-on-S:  a,  516 
Cleckheaton,  8ii8,  989 
Colchester,  61,  263,  608, 1026 
Colwyn  Bay,  316 
Coventvv,  71^3,  938 
Croydon,  436,  648,  083,  726,  f89 
Dartford,  386 
Derby,  S86,  9S8 
Devonport,  989 

Dewsbury,  2H3,  3C0,  386,  436,  726,  7C3 
Doncaster,eOP,  '63,  807,  989 
Douglas  (I.  of  M.),  10.3,  316 
Dover,  ir3,  219,  726,  807,  89?,  989 
Dukinfield,  763 
Dundee,  24,  683,  989 
Durham,  3  6 
Ealing,  1'12,  300,  517 
Eastbourne,  219,  807 
£att  Ham,  608,  683,  893 
Eccles,  61, 219,  386,  763,  938 
Edinburgh,  683 
Egypt,  648 

Farnborough  (Hants.),  850 
Pinchley,  807 

France,  263,  300,  516,  563,  893, 9?3, 1026 
Fulham,  517,  564,  764,  1026 
G.P.O.,  7i:4 
Germany,  516,763 
Glasgow,  24,  103.  142,219,  300,  .346,  386, 

516, 108,  648,  763,  808,  850,  989, 1066 
Gloucester,  219,  563 
Godalming.  608 
Gosport,  142 
Government  contracts,  143,  300,  516, 

683,  8.50,  1026 


CoNTiiAi-m  Cr.naKI>^-i-»n(lniir<lt 
(travemind,  UUl 

Uieat  Varmouth,  1H8,  860,  1020 
Ureen(irk,24,  WM 
OrliuHby,  iltO,  893 
UuilHfr.r  1,111 
Ilaekiii  y,  61,900 
Iluhtui,  24,t>4H 

IlniuinerHrnlth,  816,  517,764,806,  1038 
HarriiK«te,  t;4fi,  9:iH 
Ha-lirigden,2li(,  663,  990 
Hastingh,  H61,  KlfiO 
Hiekmoiidwike,  4:i6,  rOt) 
HeniHworili,2«8 
Heiidoii,  142 
Herorord,  301,  808 
Hernc  Bay,  616 

Heston  and  Isleworth,  56!,  726 
Hey  wood,. iOl,  476 
Hobiirt,  616 
Holborn,  HOI,  7S6 
Holland,  768 
Ilornscy,  617,668 
Horsham,  263,  846 
Hud.letBlield,  840,  617,  683,  721,  IC68 
Hull,  9:8 
Hungary,  683 

Ilford,  219,  fc01,617,  6f3,  EOl 
Immingham  Dock,  648 
India,  726 

Ipswich,  143,  219,  801,851 
Islington,  387,  t84 
Italy.  268 

Keighlcy,  103,  18>,  fOl,  768,893 
Kenaal,.563 
Kennington,26'( 
Kt  nsington,  475 
Ki.jderininstcr,  ,'180 
King's  Lynn,  471,  808 
Kingston-on-Thames,  .3'6 
L.  &  S.W.  Railway,  1026 
Lambeth,  145 
Lancastr  r,  808 
Leeds,  608,  683,  851,  938 
Lewisham   5114,  684,  764 
Leyton,  219,  386,  564,  761,  939 
Lincoln, 436, 648,  851 
Liverpool,  219,  263,  836,  664,  763,  989, 

990 
London,  61, 113,  183,  219,  263,  301,  346, 
386,  436,  475,  517,  564,  608, 
648,  6-3,  726,  168,  808,  693, 
9S6,  990,  1026,  lOf  6 
„        County  Council,  143,  263,  386, 
648,  683,  726,  763,  939,  990, 
1026 
Lowestoft,  850 
Luton,24,  561,608,  764 
Lymington,  684 
Maidenhead,  564 
Maidstone,  939 
Manchester,  219,264,487,  617,608,  649, 

808,851,  990 
Mansfield,  684 

Marylebone,  6C8,  648,  764,  939,  1026 
Melbourne,  103,  474,  683 
Mersey,  219 
Metropolitan  Asylums  Board,  764 

Water  Board,  764 
Mf  xborough,  346,  893 
Morecambe,  219 
Morley,  898 
Morocco,  6-9 
Musselburgh,  103 
Neasden.  6i9 
Nelson,  43T,  608 
New  Plymouth.  103 
„     South  Wales,  516,  683 
„     Zealand.  517,  649 
Newcastle-05  Tyne,  264 

,,  -under-Lyme,  264 

Newport,  219,  437,  6f8,  939 
North-Eastern  Railway,  261 
Norwich,  517,  893 
Nunearon,  103,  264,  939 
Oban,  684 
Orkney,  1067 
Paddington,  183 
Paisley,  301,  684 
Pekin,  183 

Peterborough,  346,  437,  764,  1067 
Plymouth,  564,  608,  649 
Poplar,  219,  648,  990 
Portsmouth,  851 
Preston,  24,  183 
Ramsbottom,  103 
Ramsgate,  103 
Redditch,  346 
Rhondda,  24 
River  Plate,  764 

Rochdale,  387,  437,  808,  990,  I0t,7 
Rotherham,  264,  851 
Rugby,  24,  8C8 
Runcorn,  61 
Russia,  6C8 
St.  Pancras,  649, 1067 
Balford,  61,  143,  219.  264,  301,  517,  564. 

684,  764,  8C8,  939,  990 
ShefHeld,  264,  437,  609,  764,  809,  990 
Shoreditch,  143,  219,  S87,  764.  1026 
Sonth  Africa,  4B7.  684,  809,  893 

„      America,  bOl,  939 
Southampton,  649,  939,  1026 
Southend-on-Sea,  316,  517,   f64,    609, 

649,  893 
Southport,  1026 
Southwark,  808.  1067 
Staffordshire,  387 
Stalybridge,  664,  893 
State  Rivers  and  Water  Supply  Com- 
missi* n,  474 
Stepney,  SI ,  219,  475,  649.  726,  898, 1067 
Stockport,  143,  434 
Stockton-on-Tees,  437 
Stoke  Newington,  517 

„      -en-Trent,  437,  990 
Stone. 264 
Stretford.  264,  6C9 
Sunderland,  103.  261,  47.5,  851,  990 
Swindon,  649.  6«,  7()4,  1026 
Bwinton  and  Pendlebury,  684 
Sydney,  386,  474,  516,  683,  762 
Taunton.  893 
Tonbridge,264,990 


OoaraitTTa  Ct/iarn-roniUutrf. 

Tunl>ri'U->'  U.  Iln.  tin,  HIM 
V,  174,5111 


VS.. 

\v., 
\l.  , 
\v. 


.     .IV.mt.Ml.HM.'jO 
I.  21U,  tM,  tuQT 


Wikt  llf.,r, ,■*!.  I,,  103,476 
„      Ham,  !•«),  2<;i,  ail.  CM.  M« 
„      Ilartii-iiool,  t>49 
„      Kirby,  M08 

Whlt«bavoa,  475 

Wlgnn,  8f7 

Willanlinll,  219 

Wiiiil,l()don,990 

Winchi-ster,  764,809 

Wolverhampton,  108,264,487,619,851, 
990 

Wood  Green,  183 

Woolwich,  18;<,  301,  609,  em,  lOM 

Worcester,  108,  4 16,  664,  808 

WorkHop,  1026 

Worthing,  861 

Wrexham,  .5*4 

Yarmouth,  301,  664 

York,  517,  649,  809 

Contracts,  London  rallwajr,  9BI 

ConrBAcra  Opin— 
Aberaman,  299 
Aberdare,  262,  806 
Aberdeen,  141 
Ac(  rington,  9»7 
Aldershot,  1065 
Arbroatb,  218 
Argentina,  2i9,  344 
Ashton-under-Lyne,  182 
Aihecton,  18,  4:«,  69',  937 
Australia,  18,  102.   141,  189,   3f2,  344, 

416,  516,  563,  602,  682,  725,  762,  806, 

619,  692,  93  ,  9.-3,  1025.  1066 
Austria,   218,   2c2,  047,    725,  806,  988, 

1(26,  1065 
Ayr,  344,  515 
Balearic  Islands,  262 
Barnes,  682 

Barrnw-in-Fumess,  299,  68] 
Batley,  602 
Battersea,  845,  4£6 
Beckenbam,  182 
Bedford,  603,  650 
Bedwas,  299 
Belfast,  182,  346,  682 
Belgium,  18,  102, 141,218,  436,  002,  &I7, 

725,  762,  806,  832,  938,  984,   1025, 

1026 
Bermondsey,  142 
Bicester,  262 

Birkenhead,  141,  762,  1CC6 
Birmingham,  18,  299,  385 
Bisphara-with-Norbreck,  18 
Blackburn, 182 
Blackpool,  436 
Bolton,  141,  218,  436,  683 
Bootle,  182,  1 82 
Bosnia,  315,  436 
Bournemouth,  262 
Bradford,  262,  663,  762 
Brazil,  892 
Bridgend,  345 
Bridiiogton,  111 
Brighton,  315 
Bristol,  182,  602 
Brussels,  262 
Buenos  Ayres,  615 
Bulgaria, "299, 762,  807 
Burnley,  385 
Cairo,  474 
Camberwell,  102 
Canada,  60,  182,  262,  602 
Canterbury,  1066 
Cardifl,  182,  486 
Carlisle,  436,  984,  1025 
Cheltenham,  141,  218,617 
Chesterfield,  682 
Chile,  18,  385,  9J8 
China,  102 
Chorley,  515 
clacton-on-8ea,  60 
Cleckheaton,  725 
Colchester,  142,  182,  299,  807 
Commonwealth  Government,  263 
Constantine,  142 
Costa  Rica,  142, 1066 
Croydon.  182,  262,  299.  807 
Cuba,  23 
Darlington.  182 
Denmark,  lOtO 
Derby,  218,  762, 1066 
Devonport,  650 
Dewsbury,  892 
Dinas  (near  Forth),  299 
Douglas,  615,  807 
Dover,  ;i85,  602 
Dubin,  143,  218,  602,  647 
Dukinfield,  299 
Dundalk,  885 
Dundee.  299,  3«5,  51f ,  807 
Durban,  262 
Eastbourne,  18,  345 
Eccles,  102,  436.  984,  1025,  1066 
Edinburgh,  102, 142,  2S9,  615 
Edmonton,  218 
Egypt,  143,  f45 
Elland,984 
EpS'  m,  142 
Erith.  299 

Felixstowe  and  Walton,  647 
Finchley,  218 
Fleeiwocd,  142,  10  6 
France,  18.  102,  142,  182,  318,  845.  515. 

563,  602.  735,  650,  938,  9»4,   10»5. 

1066 
Fulham.  23,  318,  663 
Germany,  142,  1«2,  29P,  385,  436,  o63, 

647,762,892,938,981 
Gillingham,  436 
Glamorgan,  563 

Glasgow,  3d,  142,  319,  299,  516,  683 
Gloucester,  262 
Great  Centra!  Railway,  299 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW— INDEX. 


[Jn.Y  1,  1913. 


Contracts  Open— i-<>;i(intir<(. 

Orimsby,  Ui,  725 

Uacknev,  14  J,  10-25 

Halifax;  IH-J.  216,  436,  650,  988 

Hai.imersimtli,  1C2,  142,  iKW 

HaruicU,  SH 

Hecknioiuhvikc,  3S5 

Heston  and  Islf  worth,  299 

H.M.  Otrui  of  Works,  142,  1025 

Horns?v,  21S,  480 

Hovlakc  and  West  Klrby,  102,  (547,  650 

Hull,  647 

Hungary,  34.".,  05(1,  938 

Hyde,  IKJ 

IKord,  21.«,  2i»J 

India,  GO,  102,  lb2,  299 

Italy,  23,  142.  ;iUi,  6^2,726 

Keighlcy,  183,  .ll'j 

King's  Lvnn,  299,  647 

Leed6,  142,  183,  436,  762,  1025 

Lewisliam,  516 

Levton,  .''■63,984 

Limerick,  516,984 

Lincoln,  1066 

Lisoaskea,  616 

Liverpool,29J,  316,  602 

Llanelly,  10] 

London,  23,  CO,  102,  142,  183,  218,  263, 
2'J9,31S,  885,  436,  474,  616, 
5r3,  602,  647,  (iSO,  682,  702, 
607,  892,  938, 984,  1025 
County  Council,  60,  102,  193, 
263,  29U.  345,  385,  486,  474, 
563,  Ml,  632,  762.  807,  650, 
933,  984,  1U66 

Luton,  loee 

Macclesfield,  846 

Malta.  762 

Manchester,  183,263,  3Xi,  388,516,  668, 

002,  725,  762,  807,  892,  938,  1066 
Maryborough,  616 
Marvlebone,  '218 
Mcrthyr  Trdlll,  315 
Metrqjralitan  Asylums  Board,  602,  807 
Mexborough,  682 
Mile  End,  3M.  762 
Morecambe,  315.  436 
Morocco,  219,  345 
Neatb,  263 
Nelson,  60 
New  South  Wales,  682,  806 

„    South  Wales  Government  Rail- 

wavs,  262 
„    Zealand,  23,  102,  762 
NewcastleonTyne,  219, 607 
Newport,  263,  607,  9i8, 981, 1025.  1066 
Norway.  60,  386,  563, 682,  762, 1026 
Notiingham,  23 
Nuneaton,  60 

Oldbam,  219,  650.  1023,  1066 
Pananja,  102,682 
Paris,  762 
Perth.  630 

Peterborough,  174.  682 
Plymouth,  123,  7'26 
PontvpridI,  300,345 
Portsmouth,  219,  386,  807 
Prague,  18J 

Queensland.  18,  563,  649 
Ramsay,  1025 
Ramsey  (Hunts.).  1(J66 
Rathmincs  and  Uathgar,  726 
Rawtenstall,  6D0 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  938 
River  Plate,  345 
Rochdale,  219,  617,  682,  720, 5)81 
Roscrea,  106  i 

Rotherham,  i;48,  (j.^,  726,  684,  1025 

RottinKdean,  33 

Roval  Mint.  647,  807,  1025 

St.  Pancras,  218,  650 

Balford,  142.  436,  516,  007,  72(i,  807,  892 
984, 1026,  106i 

Hcarborough, 1066 

Hervia,  102,  (567,  892,  U81 

BhangLai,  4%  516 

Sheffield,  23,  103,  1>3,  648 

Shoreditch,  142,  218.  203 

South  Africa,  CO,  ';63,  4:)),  607,  726,  762, 
807,  93^,  984,  1026 
Australia,  IM,  702 
Shields,  183,  345,  648 

Bontbampton,  886,892 

Southey,  23 

Southwark,(M2,  988 

Spain,  23,  (W,  103.  142.  183.  f86,  474, 
648,  650,  (W).  72(;,  762,  807.  892,  838, 
981,  1026, 1060 

Stalybridge,  4:H,  9:i8 

Stepney,  00,  263,  892.  934,  1066 

Stockton-on-Tees,  26J,  668 

Stoke-on-Trent,  1C6|J 

Swansea, 263,  6ri0 

Sweden,  23,984 

Swindon,  26;i.  tn';  9:18 

Swinton  and  Pendlebui  v,  3(W 

Swit/.erland,  142 

Sydney,  102,  1H2,  .015 

Tasmania,  563 

Tonbridge.  436 

Torquay,  984 

Uruguay,  23 

Venezuela,  648 

Victoria,  18,  515,  002,  IJii,  Tii',  702,  806, 
84'J,  892 

Wakefield,  1026 

W»ila-.ev,  SOO 

Walthamstow,  219.  726 

War  Ofllce,  346 

Warlingliani,  263 

Warrington,  142,  183,  253,  618,  682,  726 

Watertord,  846 

West  Hani.OO,  61('.,  ll)€6 

„      Hartlepool.  k<j3 

Stanley,  1025 

Western  Austrnlia,  18.  141.  682,  762, 
806,649 

Wigan,  263,  436 

Wimtilednn,  268 

Wrexbam,  261 

York.  800,  516 


Control  of  street  lamps,  Remote,  267 


Control  of  three-phase    variable-speed 

A.c.  motors,  151 
Convention,  The  I.M.K.A.,965, 1018 

lOiO,  1067 
Conversazione,  Royal  Society,  798 

„  Rugby       Engineering 

Society,  618 
The  I.E.  £.,927 
Conveners,  B.T.H.  rotary,  982 
Cooking  and  heating,  The  commercial 
aspect  of  electric,  bv  T.  P. 
Wihiishurst,  410 
apparatus,  Electric,   by  "Ele- 
ment," 676 
demonstrations.  Electric,  894 
Electric,  375 

Electric:   Australian  develop- 
ment, 56S 
„        Electric  heating  and,  546 
..        Electric    heating    and,    by  T. 
Roles,  578 
Co-operntion  between  private  and  public 
supply  systems,  605 
„  with    private    enterprise, 

State,  B79 
Co-operative    electrical    campaign    in 

America,  424 
Co  partnership  question.  Another  view 

of  the,  by  W.  T.  Wardale,  38 
Copenhagen    transmission,     The    pro- 
posed Trollbattan-,  449 
Copper,  65,  1'22,  162,  221,  809,  390,  518, 
561,063.  689,   809,   853,   940, 
1050,  1067 
„        in  Rhodesia,  Electrolytic,  266 
„        ore.   The  electric  tmelting  of, 

309 
,,        works  in  Chile,    Electric,   &c. 
766 


L'OBKLSl'ONDENCF. — 

Agreements  for   "hire"   and   "hire- 
purchase,"  by  W.   P.  M.  Black, 
1016 
Arc  lamps  for  the  outside  lighting  of 

shops,  by  A.  Preston,  289 
Artificers  in  the  Royal  Navy,  by  W 
Stoddart,      333 ;'    by     "R.  N.R„ 
M.l.Mar.E.,     A.M.I.M.E.,     &c.," 
E84;  by  "C.J.  W.,"  834 
Association     of     Electrical     Station 
Engineers,     by    "  Turbo-Alterna- 
tor," 128 ;  by  Chas.  P.  Wade,  166 ; 
by  "  Unit,"  167  ;    by  W.  J.  Ebben, 
290 
Bedstead  antenna,  by  "W.  H.   B.," 

1014;  by  A,  H.B.,  1050 
British    laboratories    for     electrical 
goods,  by  V.  Delebecque,  87  ;   by 
John  Dugdill,  13G 
Business    in    Spain,    by  "Manufac- 
turer," 552 
Cable  discounts,  oy  John  W.  Black, 

929 
Canvassing    councillors,  by  Johnson 

and  Phillips,  509 
Chances      in      England,      The,     by 

"English,"  166 
Combined    luminous    radiators    and 
convectors,  by  Dowsing  Radiant 
Heat  Co.,  799 
Cost    of    running    small    generating 
station,  by  E.   B.  Gray,  249  ;    by 
Horace  Boot  4  Partners,  291  j  by 
H.  Robinson,  ,377 
Earthing  the  neutral,  by  S.  E.  Fedden, 
6, 165,  377  ;  by  Kenelm  Edgoumbe. 
48,  251 ;  by  J.  C.  \ancent,  251 
Electric  branding,   b"H.  A.  Nevill, 
466 
cooking,  by  Julian  Q.  Thain, 

423 
cranes,  by  "J.  L.,"  6 
laundry  irons,  by  "  Ironical," 
592;    by  J.  E.  Lester  and 
Folwell,  631 ;    bv  J.  M.  M. 
Carr,  671 
lighting     fittings,     by 
"H.A.W.,"    843,     97J:    by 
"R.E.,"918 
Electrical     engineers    in    India,    by 
"  Another    Engineer   in 
India,"  289 
„  indostrv  in   China,    The, 

by  A.  R.  Sillar,  lOlB 
shunt  calculator,  by  C.  N. 
I'ickworth,  592 
,,  trade  in  China,  by  Edg- 

oumbe Brighten.  180 
Electricity  in  agriculture,  by  The 
Agricultural  Electric  Discharge 
Co.,  208 
Electro-Harmonic  Society,  The,  by 
Gerald  8.  Fletcher,"  377;  by 
"Member.      E.H.8.,"     466;      by 

F.  R.C.  Rouse.  509 

Failure  to  excite,  by  "  Bpcedometer. " 
652;  byC.  V.  Peake,  .592;  bvH.P. 
Bramwell,  680  ;  by  W.  T.  Hilder, 
659;  by  E.  G.  Lazarus.  669;  by  H. 
Orford,  669  :  by  E.  Wells.  670 

Fixing  cjntacts  in  springs,  bv 
M.  W.  F.  Petmcky,  :i;)5 

Heating  and  cooking  apparatus,  by 
C.  Orme  Bastian,  592 

Heavy  service  laniphold'rs  and 
adapters,  by  "Sa'es  Superinten- 
dent," 291;  by  "An  Engineer," 
428;  by  C.  J.  Stonier,  .-i09,  928;  by 

G.  St.  John  Day.  1016 
High-tension  n.r.  in  mines,  l>y"Ci»il 

Engineer,"?;    by   L.  C.  Trevor- 
Roper,  8.  87;   by  A.  W.  Bennett, 
8  ;    bv  H.  F.  Walker  48 ;    by  O,  C. 
Allingham,  48 
l.E.E,  discussion",  The,  by  "Battery," 
166 ;  by  "  Omega, "  208 
,.      Election  of  Council,  bv  W.  B. 
WoDdhouse,  671 
Kelvin,  The.  by  Percy  Good,  47 
I..  G.B.  arithmetic,  by"  Benedict," (571 
"  l..ife  U  nderstood,"  by  F.  L.  Rawson, 


CoBUESPONDBNcE— (■onftnurrf. 

Lifting  magnets,  by  "Engineer,"  85 

Load  factor  question.  The,  by 
"Consumer,"  466;  bv  R.  W. 
Klitz.  5J9 

Long-scale  instruments,  by  B.  Davies, 
631,918  ;  by  The  Record  Electrical 
Co..  762:  by  "The  Writer  of  the 
Article,"  974;  by  J.  M.  Record, 
974;  by  "An  Electrical  Instru- 
ment Maker,"  1015 

Maintenance  of  tramway  rolling 
stock,  by  ]j.  M.  Jockels,  592 

Marconi  Advisory  Committee's  re- 
port. b>  "  Anti-llumbug,"  799 

Morse  signallingcn  submarine  cables, 
by  I'.  O'Neill,  877,  509;  by  E. 
Raymond-Barker,  423 ;  by  F. 
Godlroy,  466 

Mutual  protection  of  engineers,  by 
"(Jnly  an  Engineer,"  842;  by  "A 
Birmingham  Engineer,"  917  ;  by 
"M.Bc,"  928;  by  Frank  Gill,  928; 
by  L.  H.  Fletcher,  928,  974;  by 
"Salesman,"  974  ;  by  F.  V.  Robert- 
son, 975;  by  "Mac,"  975;  by  L. 
St.  Claire,  975;  by  A.  S.  E.  Acker- 
niann,  1015  ,  by  "  Vertebra,"  1014 

Notice  of  opening  of  roads,  by  M, 
Farrer,  508 

"  Nunits  and  Abbns,"  by  "  A.  K.,"  7H 

Onmibus  lighting,  by  "Enquirer,"  753 

Operation  of  electric  railways,  by 
"J.  F.  C.,"85 

"Point  Five"  meeting  (M.E.A.  con- 
vention week),  June  17th,  by 
A.  H.  Seabrook,  753 

Preservation  of  telegraph  poles,  The, 
by  Richard  Wade,  Sons  &  Co., 
f  0,  671,  799  i  by  "  Communicated," 
713 

Prevention  of  accidents  in  electric 
lifts,  by  W.  J.  F.  Cooper,  714,  842, 
1054:  by  A.  R.  Leaver,  799:  by 
W.H. Carroll,  843,  1014;  bvKmith, 
Major  &  Stevens,  Ltd.,  S>72,  1065; 
byU.  W.  Newman. 972;  by'Heli- 
con,"  1014;  by  R.  Wavgood  A-  Co., 
Ltd.,  1014;  by  F.  Barlow,  10f,6 

Proposed  British  General  Engineer- 
ing .StafI  Association,  by  L.  H. 
Fletcher,  1016;  bv  S.  Douglas. 
1056;  by"W.  E.  P.,"  1067 

Prospects  in  electrical  engineering, 
bv  W.  J.  Ebben,  553;  by  W.H.F. 
Murdoch,  592;  bv  A.  C.  Black, 
670,  752;  by  H.  L.'Alderton,713 

Regulation  of  street  tiaflic,  by  "  B," 
129 

Regulations  regarding  celluloid,  by 
British  Xylonite  Co.,  6(9 

Remote  control  by  vibrations,  by  J. 
Gardner,  598 

Replacement  of  plant,  by  R.  N. 
Torpy,  593 

Report  of  Royal  Commission  on 
University  Education,  by  A.  S.  E. 
Ackermann,  753 

Salaries  and  wages,  by  A.  H.  Seabrook, 
670,713;  by  A.C.  Black,  714 

Salford  fire,  The,  by  Bertram  Thomas, 
86 

Screw  caps  for  radiator  lamps,  by 
W.  H.  Allen,  86  ;  by  S.  E.  Fedden, 
127;  by  "Jobber,"  249;  by  The 
Dowsing  Radiant  Heat  Co.,  290 

Small  electrical  undertakings,  by  E, 
Burton,  5(i9 
power  installations,  by  "Station 
Engineer, "  130 

Static  charges  in  textile  mills,  by 
"Static,"  7.53 

Bub-man,  The  case  of  the,  by  J. 
Potter,  7;  by  J.  W.  Ebben,  49; 
by  "Motor-Generator,"  49;  by 
"  Zantha,"  49;  by  "  Booster,"  50 ; 
by  'A  Wireman,"85;  by  G.  F. 
Sullivan,  85;  by  "Switchboard," 
85;  by  J.  W.  Webb,  127;  by 
"Central  Station  Engineer,"  127; 
by  "Unitv  is  Strength,"  128;  by 
"Old  Sub-man,"  128;  by  "  Balan- 
cer," 167;  by  "Agreeably  Satis- 
fied," 168;  by  E.  8.  Burslem,  168; 
by"W.  G.  R.,"208 

Supply  to  iJiemises  outside  the  "  area 
of  supply,"  by  J.  W.  Beaucbamp, 
423 

Tariffs  for  electricity  supply,  by  The 
Harrow  Electric  Light  &  Power 
Co.,  166 

Testing  the  continuity  of  earth  con- 
ductors, by  "Continuity,"  165,  886; 
by  B.  T.  Davies,  208,  335;  bv 
J.  P.  C.  Kivlen,  249,  .336,  876;  by 
"  Rotor,"  289  ;  by  H.  Field,  239 
Timet'  time  and  synchronising  clocks, 
by  (Jeiit  \  Co.,  Ltd.,  975 

Use  of  electricitv  in  mines.  The.  by 
J.  8.  Walker,  S3% 

Ventilation  of  electrical  machinery, 
by  W.  H.  F.  Murdoch,  10.56 

Village  lighting,  by  "  Devonian,"  84  : 
bv  "Willesden,"  129;  bv  W.  'I'. 
Wardale,  129  :  by  J.  8.  Loughnan, 
129  ;  by  "  Little  Man,"  167 ;  by 
John  Morley,  793 

Water  divination,  by  "  W.  B.  S.,"  843  ; 
by  "Hydrogeologist,"917;  byG.  A. 
Nussbaum,  917 

Weak  hearts  and  electric  shock,  bv 
A.  W.  Bennett,  423 

Wireless  telegraph  patents,  by  Sir 
Oliver  Lodge,  422 

Corthesy  turbine.  The,  186,  221 
(iost  and  efficiency  of  display  lighting, 
by  L.  Crouch,  601 
,,     of  electric  vehicle  operation.  The, 
26 
of      house      services.     The,      by 
"  Improver, "  B30 
Costs  of  electric  traction,  Maintenance, 
663 


Cotton  growing,  Electricity  and,  106 
Country  houses.  The  lighting  of  small, 

by  J.  Caldwell,  629 
Crane  plant  of  an  Italian  eteel  works, 

by  Dr.  Alfred  Gradenwitz,  480 
Credit  and  security,  154 
Crystalate  in  the  making,  227 
Curves,  Tramway,  by  A.  J.  Bouefield, 

712 


DANGERS,   Electrical,  by  S.   Lees, 
195 
Dayton  fiood,  The,  833 
Dead-short  romance.  A,  768 
Deck  machinery  on    the   ss.  Famrllf,  . 

ElccUrical,  21 
Delivery  van,  R.A.C.  trial  of  an  elec- 
trical, 63,  438 
Deposits     in    nil  cooled     transformers, 
The  formation  of,  by  Dr.  Michie, 
912 
Depression,  Scottish, 887 
Deputation,  The,  741 
Design  of  apparatus  for  improving  the 
power  factor  of  A  c.  systems, 
The,  by  Miles  Walker,  166 
„      of  switches.  The  Mechanical,  by 
A.  R.  C.  Jenks,  668 
Detecting  leakages  on  alternating  and 
continuous- current  systems.  Some 
methods  of,  by  R.  D.  GifTord,  1041 
Detectors,  New  wireless,  450 
Diesel  engine,  A  low  compression,  976 
„      plant  at  Kiugston- on -Thames, 
New,  985 
Difficulties  with  tramcar  motors.  Some, 

607 
Dinner,  I  E.E.  Students'  electric,  527 
„       Institution  of  Electrical  Engin- 
eers' annual,  281 
Dinners,  Annual,  184,  221,  389,  439,  52S, 

566,  610,  7'28 
Direct-current  machines.  The  change  of 
energy    loss  with   speed  in,  by 
W.  M.  Thornton,  88 
,.      semi-direct  and  indirect  lighting. 
Relative  ctTiciency  and  advan- 
tages of,  by  L.  Crouch,  493 
Discharging  electricity  from  paper,  &c  , 

852 
Discounts,  Cable,  894 
Display  lighting,  riost  and  cfl^ciency  of, 

by  L.  Crouch,  504 
Disputes,  The  settlement  of  trade,  285 
Dissolutions    and    liquidations,   14,  55, 
137,214, 2f.7, 294, 340,431, 
469, 598, 638, 720, 757, 800, 
845,  888,  932,  978,  1021, 
1061 
Dissolved,  A  Committee,  24 
Divination,  Water,  747 
Domestic    load,    A    plea    for    the,    by 

"Whistlefield,"406 
Drive  in  the  woodworking  yard,  The 

electric,  125 
Dublin  Electrical  Contractors'  Associa- 
tion, 438 
Dumfries-London  electric  vehicle  trials. 

The,  992 
Dumiiing  :  A  note  on  a  particular  case 
of    discriminative     charges,    by 
Joseph  Goodman,  577 
Dust  cart,  An  electric  motor,  716 

,,    i^recipitation.  Smoke  and,  93 
Dynamo,  The    Carleon    train  ligttiDg, 
649 


EARTHED  I .  unearthed  neutrals  on 
alternating-current    systems,    by 
J.  S.  Peck,  78 
Earthing  factory  apparatus,    Practica 

notes  on,  by  E.  P.  Austin,  457 
East    London    Railway   electrification, 

104 
Ebonite  tests,913 
Eckstein,  Heap  &  Co.,  The  new  works 

of  Messrs.,  808 
Economies  in  the  use  of  electric  power, 

by  W.  E.  Milns,  829 
Edinburgh,  Mtmicipal  electrical  trading 

at,  186 
Edison  battery  car  for  Glasgow  Electric 
Light  Department,  518 
car  lighting  svstem,  218 
Kduca'ional  notes,  64,  104,  145,  136,222, 

267,  302,  358,  487,  649,  1073 
Efllciencies,  Increasing  steam  plant,  ly 

E.  Ingham,  4 
Efflcienoy    and    advantages  of   direct, 
semi-direct  and    indirect 
lighting.  Relative,  by  L. 
Crouch.  438 
,,  in    the    estimating    depart- 

ment, 196 
Egypt,  Trade  statistics  of,  1004 
"  Electric  Arc,"  The,  by  W.  B.  Hird,  409 
,,         arcs  to  ignite  tunnel  gases, 

465 
„         Batik  woik,  711 

clocks,  801 
,,         control  of  boiler  feed,  548 
,,         lighting,    Board    of    Trade, 
and, 03 
lighting  of  villages,  The,  by 

W.  T.  Wardale,  43 
motor  dust  cart.  An,  716 
motor  vehichjs,  Booming  the, 

1008 
restaurant,  New,  728 
supply  In  London,  by  Frank 

Bailey,  661,  701 
vehicle  operation,  The  cost 

of,  26 
vehicle  progress  in  England, 
946 
„         wagons.  Cost  of  operating,  888 
winding  engines,  by  A.  E.  du 
Pascjuier,  171 
Electrical    apparatus     and     standard- 
isation, by  W.  A.  Toppin,  806 


Jhi,v  '1,  I9i;i.] 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW— INDEX. 


KIpi'trioBl    linrnH,    FirHt  ru.l  in  ciiBi- ol, 
6IMI 
(IftDKors,  l>y  B.  Loi'ii,  lOfi 
deck  iiiachliipry  on  llu'  as, 

FuHvrHf.il 
englneeri    to     Parliament, 

The  ncoeiHlon  o(,  931 
fnduHtry,  1021 

induBtry    in    France,    Tlio, 

by  tlforKCB  Dary,  71IB,  87'2, 

8iJ7 

,,  motor    vcliioli'8,     A     largo 

order  for,  738 

production    of    fcrrosilicon 

and  potash.  The,  819 
Tredes  Union,  !W8 
undcrtsknrs,  An  agreement 
between,  f>f6 
F;icptrio»lly- driven      two  ■  hittli      con- 
tinuous-ruoninR    reverninR    mill, 
A  new  form  of,  by  A.  liamlicrton, 
868 
Bleotricians,  Hints  for,  by  E.  A.  Belcher, 
875 
in  Australia,  Postal,  92^ 
Electricity,  Advortisinn.  bflO  ;  by  H.  C. 
Palmer,  ;167 
and  cotton  growing,  106 
and  electrical  accidents  in 
mines.   The   use   of,  251, 
:i2l,  333,  407 
frcm  cinders,  889 
from  the  air,  7G6 
„  in  Brazilian  mines,  10fi7 

,,  in  constructional  work,  225 

,,  in  mines,  62 

in  textile  mills,  911 
in  the  11.9.  Navy,  809 
on  the  Rand,  26G 
supply  in  the  Potteries,  603 
,,  Supply  Rifle    League,    535, 

895 
supply.  Storage  in, 247 
supply.  Twenty  years  of,  626 
works     at     Fusan,     Korea, 
New,  by  J.  D,  Collier,  772 
„  works     in     the     Argentine 

Republic,  566 
works  of  Trollhattan,  The, 

643,  ess 

Electrification   of   the  Chemin  de  Fer 
du   Midi,  The,  by  M. 
Jullian,  968 
of  the  State  Railway  : 
The  Paris    Suburban 
lines.  The,   by  A.  N. 
Mazen,  927 
Electrochemistry  in  1912,  291 
Electro-culture  in  Austria,  123 

„      -Harmonic  Society,  Manchester, 

20t,  265,  353,  565 
,,       -medical  outfit,  A  novel,  151 
„       -metallurgy  in  Norway,  160 
"Electrodes  for  electric  furnaces,  628 
Electromagnet,  A  large,  266 
Electroscopes,  Charging,  1065 
Electrostatic   capacity    and    insulation 
resistance    measured    by    direct- 
reading  methods,  by  J.  Rymer- 
Jones,  071 
Eleclrofccbnical    Commission,      Inter- 
national, 64,  283 
Elementary  electric  charge.  The  value 

of  the,  36 
Employes,  L.C.C.  and  its,  1051 
Enamel    baked    electrically.    Painting 

cars  with,  541 
Endowment  of  research.  The,  1010 
Ends  of  the  rainbow.  The,  373 
Energy  loss  with  speed  in  direct-current 
machines.    The    change    of,    by 
W.  M.  Thornton,  88 
Engineer,  The  State  and  the,  502 
Engineering  apprentices,    Scarcity   of, 
684 
,,  The  personal  factor  in,  417 

Engineers,  Honours  for,  82 
Engines    for    electric    supply    stations, 
Gas  and  oil,  by  A.  N.  Rye, 
739 
,,         Internal   combustion,    by    K, 
Cox,  453 
Uniflow,  26 
Essex  asylum  installation.  An,  899 
Estimating   department.   Efficiency    in 

the,  196 
E.T.B.l.  and  National  Insurance,  The 

347 
European  electrical  undertakings.  Alu- 
minium in,  247 
„         single-phase  railways,'  Two, 
3-19 
Eviction,  63 

Exhibition,  Electricity  at  the  Laundry, 
622 
Electricity  at  the  Clothing 
and  Outfitting,  639 
,,  Ghent    International,    207, 

476 
Glasgow  Electrical,  518, 687, 

1060 
Glasgow  International,  220 
Imperial  Services,  565 
in  Australia,  638. 
in  London,  Anglo-German, 

630 
in  Spain,  Electrical,  975 
in  Sweden,  293 
„  in  Switzerland,  649 

„  International     Building 

Trades,  6fO 
„  International        Cinemato- 

graph, 654,  621,668 
,,  Mining  Machinery,  977 

Montreal,  1021 
Physical  Society,  11,  50 
Exhibitions,  801 

„  and  trade  expansion,  665 

Glasgow  and  Sheffield,  587 
Expenditure  on  electrical  works  under 

private  Bills,  Proposed,  61 
Experiments  on  tungsten  lamps,  894 
Expert  and  the  witness,  The,  390 
witnesses  in  America,  967 


lOxpert  witncHHCH  in  pntrTit  cHHrH,  62'i 
Kxpiring  in  1913,  I'atcntK,  Ultl,  9U4,  1007, 

lOUl 
Rxploslnn  of  a  turbodynamo,  f.HB 
Export  HtatisticH  of  Hwit/nrland.  542 

trade  to  Spain  iMinana'/),  419 
KxportH  and  iniports  during  1912,  Elec- 
trical,  1U2,  1»9 
and  imports  of  electrical  goodn 
during  Doermbi-r,  1U12.  198 
„        anrl  ImporlH  of  electrical  goods 
during  January,  1918,  405 
and  iniports  of  olectrioal  goods 
during  Kcbriiary.   1918,  438, 
687 
.,        and  imports  of  electrical  goods 
during  March,  1918,  699 
and  imports  of  electrical  gooda 

during  April,  1918,867 
Ilritiflh    and     American    elec- 
trical machinerv,  212 
from  I'rance,  Electrical,  688 
in  1912,  Electrical  imports  and, 

66 
of    electrical    goods    in    1912, 
German,  819 
Extensions,  The  Blackburn.  168 
Eyermann  steam  turbine,  The,  46 


FACTORIES    and    workshops,    The 
lighting  of,  148 
Factors  in  parallel  operation.  Some,  by 

A.  R.  Everest,  455 
Factory     apparatus.     Pome     practical 
notes  on  earthing,  by  K.P.  Austin, 
467 
Failure  of  the  telephone  service,  S96 
Faraday  Society,  90,  741,  830 
Farming  plant,  A  Canadian  electrical, 

646 
Fatalities,  24,  63,  105,  185.  222,  265,  'Mi. 
3'<9,  439,  528,  666,  609,  660,  689,  728, 
766,  863,  895,  1029,  1068 
Fnuiclte,  Electrical  deck  machinery  on 

the  Es.,  21 
Feeding  networks.  Tramway,  by  J.  G. 

and  R.  G.  CunlilTe,  9,  75.  169 
Ferranti  steam-gas  turbine,  The,  122 
Ferro-silicon  and  potash.  The  electrical 

production  of,  319 
Filing  articles  from  technical  journals, 

by  "Wbistlefield,''680 
Financial  position  of  aluminium.  The, 

83 
Fire  library.  An  International,  958 
„    prevention,  768 
,,    Prevention     Committee's    testing 

station,  The  British,  390 
,.    risk.  The,  42 
Fires,  431,  1022 

Firing,  Coal  stacking  and,  304 
First  aid  in  case  of  electrical  burns,  666 
Fittings  and  the  law,  Electrical,  874 
Fixation  of  atmospheric  nitrogen.  The, 

bv  P.  H.  S.  Kempton,  551 
Football,  266 

,,         League,  Cavis  Cup,  63 
Foreign  and  Colonial  tariffs  on  electrical 
goods,  80, 120,  203,  283,  415,  643, 
583,   708,   747,   835,    919,    1007, 
1047 
„       trade  in  April,  794 

trade  in  January,  265 
„       trade  in  March,  609 
tiade  in  May,  991 
Formation    of    deposits    in    oil-cooled 

transformers,  by  Dr.  Michie,  912 
France,  Electrical  exports  frcm,  638 

The  electrical  industry  in,  by 
G.  Dary,  795,  872,  897 
Frankfort  dynamo  works.  The,  E84 
Fraud,  Alleged,  618,  567 
French  electrical  imports,  677 

,.        inquiryinto  electrical  accidents, 
and  suggestions  forpreventing 
them,  A,  by  W.  Steuart,  548 
Fuel,  Lignite  as  station,  419,  919 
Furnaces,  Electrcdes    for  electric,  by 

G.  B.  Barham,  628 
Fusan,  Korea,  New  electricity  works  at, 

by  J.  D.  Collier,  772 
Future  of  British  electrical  industry  in 
North  China,  The,  by  Hsi  C'Hung 
Chi,  374 


GAS    and    oil    engines    for    electric 
supply  stations,  by  A.  N.  Rye, 
739 
,.        engine,  A.  model,  558 

engines,    Germany     and     the 

sales  of  large,  64 
fires  and  evil  odours,  388 
producers,  217 

turbine.  The  steam,  by  8.  Z. 
de  Ferranti,  164 
Gases,  Electric  arcs  to  ignite  tunnel,  466 
Gears,  Tramcar,  194 
G.E.C.  "At  Home, "  The,  475 

U.S.A.  (report  for  1912),  839 
"Gentlemen— we  thank  you!,"  by  Prof. 

C.  A.  M.  6miih,72 
German  accumulator  industry.  The,  955 
,,        electrical  industry  in  1912,  462 
,,        exports  of  electrical  goods  in 
1912,  319 
exports,  1060 
„        wire    lamp    prices.   Reduction 
in,  609, 1027 
Germany  and  the  sales  of   large    gas 
engines,  54 
„         Consulting  engineers  in,  751 
„         Municipal  r.  private  owner- 
ship in, 185 
Ghent    Exhibition,  Diesel    engines  at 
the,  844 
International    Exhibition,  207, 
476 
„        Trade  press  exhibit  at,  293 
Glasgow  electric  lighting  department, 
Edison  battery  car  for,  618 
Electrical  Exhibition,  618,  587 
International  Exhibition,  220 


(Hove,.,  C.'l   h.  riil,i,.-r,  .',11 
Oooils  at  owner'*  riKk,  liHI 
Government    and     HritlHli    flrroi,    The 
Hrlti>i|j,  lot 
and  trade.  The,  708 
Orapha    In    a    cable  nbip     drum-room; 

noteH  fur  Junior  aii«iatanl«,  by  K. 

Raymond. Darker,  111),  162,2.')H,27A 
Ouarantecd  wiring,  H07 
Gyro  eompask.  The  Bporry,  942 


HEATING    and    cooking.    Electric, 
646;  by  T.  Kolea,  678 
Klectrical,  1001 
loads,  American,  626 
,,  The  commercial    aspect 

of      electric      cooking 
and,   by  T.  P.  Wilraa- 
hurst,  410 
Heavy-service  lampholders   and  adap- 
ters, 477 
High-pressure  underground  cables,  667 
,,    -tension    continuous-current   trac- 
tion, by  Monsieur  Gratzmuller, 
883 
,.    -voltage  wire  breaks.  When  B,  894 
Highways  Committee,  The  L.C.C,  517 
Hints  for  electricians,  bv  E.  A.  Belcher, 

876 
"Hire"    and    "hire-purchase,"    Agree- 
ments for,  by  "  Excelsior,"  1C02 
Holidays  in  central  stations.  Wages  and, 

by  J.  8.  Ainsworth,.'i64 
Holland,  Trade  statistics  of,  493 
Hong  Kong,  University  of,  26,  194,  871, 

1040 
Honours  for  engineers,  82 

Where  are  the?  923 
Hospital,  Electrical  treatment  at  Brad- 
ford, 283 
House      services.    The     cost     of,     by 

"Improver,"  £90 
Household  battery.  The,  168 
How  to  become  an  electrical  engineer, 

63 
Humphrey  pump.  The,  712 
Hydroelectric  scheme  for  New   York 
State,  U.S.A.,  166 
„       electric  works  in  Italy,  New,  527 
,,     -electric  works  on  the  Mississippi , 
542 
Hydrogen,  The  commercial  production 
of  oxygen  and, 816 

IE.E.  Paris  visit,  611, 794, 851, 880, 924, 
968, 1045 
students'  electric  dinner,  627 
Illicit  commissions,  895 
Illusions,  Metallic,  62 
I.M.E.A.   Convention,  The,  965,    1018, 
1086 
„  at  Hampton  Court,  1071 

,,  new  president,  186 

„         preliminary  programme,  565 
Imperial  College  of  Science  and  Tech- 
nology, 766 
communications,  879 
,,         wireless  contract.  The   Mar- 
coni, 121 
,,         wireless  system :  report  of  the 
Advisory    Committee,    749, 
753 
Import  trade  statistics  of  Switzerland, 

700 
Imports  and  exports  in  1912,  Electrical, 
65, 162,  199 
Norway's  electrical,  78 
of     electrical     goods    during 
December,  1912,  Exports  and, 
198 
of     electrical      goods    during 
January,  1913,  Exports  and, 
405 
of     electrical     goods     during 
February,  1913,  Exports  and, 
438,  537 
,,        of     electrical     goods     during 
March,    1913,    Exports  and, 
699 
of     electrical     goods     during 
April,  1913,  Exports  and,  867 
Importunity  of  labour,  The,  666 
Increasing  steam  plant  eflSciencies,  by 

E.  Ingham,  4 
Independent  steam  condensing  plants, 

by  W.  A.  Dexter,  209 
India,   Electrical  machinery,  c&c,  im- 
ported into, 894 
„      Notes  from,  8,  566,  972,  1013 
Indicators,  The  installation  of  power- 
factor,  by  L.  Murphy,  420 
Indirect    lighting.    Relative    eflftciency 
and   advantages  of  direct,  semi- 
direct  and,  by  L.  Crcuch,  493 
Induction  motors,"  Starting  and  speed 

control  of,  by  F.  C.  Aldous,  3i2 
Industries  in  the  U.S.A..  Electrical,  157 
Industry,  Electrical,  1021 

in  France,  The  electrical,  bv 

G.  Dary,  795,  872.  897 

in  North  China,  The  future  of 

British     electrical,   bv    Hm 

CHung  Chi,  876 

The  Japanese  electrical,  118 

Inflammability  of  coal  dust.  Electrical 

devices  for  measuring  the,  123 
Inflators,  Electrically  operated    motor 

tire,  105 
Inquiry  into  electrical  accidents,  and 
suggestions  for  preventing  i hem, 
A  French,  by  W.  Steuart,  548 
Installation  of  power-factor  indicators. 

The,  by  Leonard  Murphy,  420 
Installations,  American    electrical,  by 

T.  Harding  Churton,  325 
Institute  of  Metals,  The,  497 
Institution  and  lecture  notes,  S5,  64, 
104,  145,  186,  222,  266,  803, 
347,  389,  439,  477,  527,  666, 
610,  650,  690,  728,  767.  810, 
852,  896,  940,  992,  1029, 
1073 


of      I 


ncnm 

1,418 

•riure 


(M 
Iiiktruiiienti  and 

Inaulstiori  ri'tlnlanee  ineaiiirnd  bjr 
'lirect-reading  iiietbwl*.  Klretro- 
•Utic  caiwcity  and,  b;  J.  Hymer- 
Jonca,  671 

Inauranrc  Ar-,  Tl.o  Vatloral,  ?«<7.  Ml 


•i'iH 
Intornal-combuation  engine.  The  "Para- 
gon "  cycle,  61 
,,        .combuatinn    r-nglnea,    by    K. 
Cox,  468 
International  arojicre.  The,  197 

„  KlectrotcchnicalCommla- 

8ion,64,  283 
Engineering       Congreu, 

1916, 1068 
specifications,  346 
„  Time  Conference,  63 

Time  Service,  1083 
Invention  in  1912,637 
Inventory  of  plant  in  monicipal  elec- 
tricity works,  by  '  Interested,"  71 
Iron  industrv  in  Norway  in  1912,  The 
Elertrinal,  890 
„     ore,  Klertric  smelting  of,  390 
„      smelting  in  Norway,  '747 
Irons,  electric  laundry,  628,  677 ;     by 

6-  H.  Elliott,  7;(7 
Irrigation  scheme,  Llectrical,  E60 
Italian  steel  works.  Crane  plant  ef  an, 

by  Dr.  A.  Oradenwitz,  480 
Italy,  New  hydro-electric  works  in,  .5117 


TAPAN  cable-making,  1027 

Electrical  manufacturing  in, 
266 
Japanese  electrical  industry,  The,  118 
Johannesburg    turbine    contract,  The, 
78, 116 


K 


ENT  coal,  by  G.  Lloyd  Jone 


Kelvin  memorials,  1027,  1069 
Kingston-on-'Thames,  New  Diesel  plant 

at,  985 
Kitchen      at      Barrow-in-Furness, 

"  Tricity,"  886 


LABOUR    conditions    in    Australia, 
Tramway,  286 
The  importunity  of,  666 
Lamp,  A  powerful  sterilising  mercury- 
vapour,  88S 
approved.  Safety,  677 
factory,  Mexican,  105 
making  on  the  cinematograph, 
477 
„      Neon,  768 

„      prices,    Reduction    in    German 
wire,  609,  1027 
standatds  for  mctor-car  electric 
lighting  installations,  222 
.,      tests,  380 
Lampholders     and    adapters.     Heavy- 
service,  477 
Radiator,  416 
Lamps,  Experiments  on  tungsten,  894 
„        French  wire,  756 

from  the  central  staticn.  Con- 
trol of  meters  and.  325 
Miners',  144 
Large    Continental    turbo-alternators, 
848 
,,       lighting  battery  in  connection 
with    central-station    supply, 
Tbe  use  of  a,  bv  T.  H.  Why- 
sail,  278 
Laundry  Exhibition,  Electricity  at  the. 
622 
irons.  Electric,  628,  677;    by 
G.  H.  Elliott,  797 
Law,  Electrical  fittings  and  the,  874 
Lead  market.  The,  9t6,  lOCO 

,,  prices,  b91 
Lecture  notes.  Institution  sud,  25,  64, 
104,  145,  1F6,  222,  266,  £03,  347,  389, 
439,  477,  527,  666,  610.  650,  690,  728, 
767.  810,  S52,  696,  940,  9S2,  1029, 
1078 
Leeds,  The  strike  at,  1027 

Legal — 
Adams  Manufacturing  Co.,  884 
Allis  Ihalmers  Co.   i-.   The  Fidelity 
and  Deposit  Co.,  of  Maryland,  765 
Austin  r.  L.C.C,  885 
Balfour  i-.  Tillett  and  ethers,  696,  923 
Bamsley     Corporation    r.    Barnsley 

Motor  Omnibus  Co.,  241 
Battersea    Borough    Council   r.  The 
City  of   Londcn   Electric   Supply 
Co.,  510,  fill,  843 
Bell  1-.  Milne,  1068 
Birkenhead    tramcar    contracts: 

slander  action,  633 
Branlik  r.  Vanshan,  1068 
Breach  of  electricity  regulations,  176 
British    Economical     Lamp    Co.     r. 
Empire.  Mile  End,  and  A. 
Bernstein.  292.  610 
„          Vacuum      Cleaner     Co.      r. 
Jaaies  Bcbertshaw  ±  Son, 
836 
„         Westirghcuse    Elecuio    Co. 
r.    The    Electric    Palaces 
Co.,  634 
Bucklev  and  Beach  v.  National  Elec- 
tric Theatres,  693 
Charge  of  receiving,  518 
Compensation  case,  696 


m 


THE     ELECTRICAL    REVIEW— INDEX. 


[July  4,  1913. 


Leo  AL— ronf  in  ufd. 
Coanty  of    London    Electric  Sjpplv 

Co.  r,  J.  Salomon  4  Co.,  319,  610 
Damages  against  L  (J.C.,  940 

„         against     London     Electric 
Railway  Co.,  371 
Damaging  an  electric  meter,  145 
Dispute  about  an  accumulator  shed, 

4(56 
District  Iron  and  Steel  Co.  r.  Aimor- 

duct  Manulaiturint;  Co.,755 
Diudee  Coriuration,  Action  anainst, 

674 
Edinburgh  tramway  guard  case,  176, 

264,370 
Electricitv  in  mines,  135 
Ellis    r.  The    Osram   Lamp   Works, 

Ltd.,  131,  176 
Foster  EoRineering  Co.,  690 
Follalove  r.  L.C C,  719 
Gardiner    r.   London   United  Tram- 
ways, 835 
Girling  r.  Fell,  884 
Qraetzin  lamp  agency,  133, 175,  941 
GnfliD  1.  The  A.E.u.  Electrical  Co. 

of  Houtb  Africa,  834 
Hall,  Bayliss  &  Co.  r.  Boddam,  510 
Harris  r.  Uulton,  fU5 

r.  London  I'nited  Tramways, 
C34 
Hughes    1-.    Hobart    Electric    Manu- 
facturing Co.,  '254 
Important    appeal    case    re    Factory 

Acts,  675,  7i7 
Isaacs  r.  Cbesteiton,  371 
Johnson-BiUington        Electricity 
Meters  r.  A.  M.  Billington, 
4-26,  1059 
„         I.  Johnson-BiUington  Elec- 
tricity   Meters,  633,  1017, 
1059 
Josephson   r.   MetropoUtan    Electric 

Supply  Co.,  291 
Lady's  telephone  share  experience, 

980 
Laubach  r.  Kinzbronncr,  1''58 
Litbolite  i'.  Travis,  253 
London  Electric  Supply  Corporation 
r.   Westminster    Electric  Supply 
Corporation,  377,  694,  930 
Lund  I'.  Excelsior  Chemicil  Co..  1016 
Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.  r. 
GoukassofT  &  Tischenko,  146,  174 
Montreal  Tramways  and  Power  Co., 

1017 
Mimday  r.  Bontb  Metropolitan  Elec- 
tric Light  and  Power  Co.  and  The 
New  Gutla-Percha  Co.,  4'27 
National    Telephone    Co.     >'.    H.M. 
Postmaster-General,    90, 
466,  635,  675,  980,  976 
Osram  Lamp  Co.  i-.  D.  Smith  &  Co., 
13 
Lamp  Co.   r.  The  Oro  Lamp 

Co.,  241,  254 
lamp  litigation,  684 
lamp  patents,  h7l 
„      Lamp  Works  r.  Apple,  884 
„      Lamp  Works  r.  Freeman,  427 
„      Lninp  Works  r,  Louis  Schloss 
and  Co.,  264,  871,  379,  427, 
884 
„      Lamp    Works    r.    The    Elfc- 
trical  Manufacturing  Co., 
756 
„      Lamp    Works    r.    The    York- 
shire   Incandescent    elec- 
tric Lamp  Co.,  407 
Postmaster-General   r.    Dublin    Cor- 
poration, 510 
Post  Office  telephone  grievances,  241, 

6^6 
Poulsen  patents,  635,  719, 8.15,  1058 
Prosecution  under  the  Factory  Acts, 

635 
Quinn  i-.  Sunderland  Corporation,  674 
Rating  of  tramwuys,  1057 
Relighting  of  electric  lamps  in  mines, 

633 
Bcbloss  &  Co.  I'.  Dodd,  674 
Sentence  for  stealing,  674 
Shock  accident  claim,  144 
Singapore  Electiic  Tramways,  241 
Slander  action  at  Aberdeen,  370,  378 
Smith  r.  Inii>crial  Lighting  Co.,  135 
„      r.      Stanton      Ironworks     Co, 
Collieries.  241 
Bolomon  r.  Wells,  Rayner  &  Co.,  675 
Stretford  U.D.C.  r.  Gorton,  7.';5 
Telephone  arbitration.— Judgment, 90 
„  transfer  —Settlement    cf 

appea',  1(68 
Trade  marks,  694 
Tramcar obstruction,  379 
Tramway  accident  claims,  18,  IBS,  241, 
2M,  879,  466.  .565,  848,  884 
„         casf  at  Bradford,  Intereet- 
ine, 2(0 
Wateon,    Laidlaw    ,)i    Co.    r.    Pott, 
Casscis    A  Williamson.— 
Appeal,  467 
r.  Claj tors,  609 
Wclsbach  Giu-  Co.  agreement,  718 
Western      Elcrtr  c     Co.,    r.     Great 

Eastern  Railway  Co.,  291 
Westfallen  r.  L.C.C.,  719 
W'inding-up  petitions,  254 
Woo'Ien  '■.  London  United  Tramways, 

Ltd.,  390 
X  L.  Electric  Co. .Wiener  r.,  8H4 
„     Electric  Co.    r.  Aron,  9i9,  976, 
1057, 1061 

Legal  query  column,  f)ur,  88,512,298, 

4.W,  623,  lOOS,  ins-1 
Leicester  strike,  7  lie,  KH", 
L  G.B.  procedure.  42 
Libel  litigation.  The  Marconi,  478 
Library,  An  international  Hre,  9tH 
LienfOR   ^orway,  The  power  station  of, 

2IS 
Life  tarwts.  439,  660 


Liftr,  The  prevention  of  accidents  in 

cie<'tric,  631 
Light,  Cjld,  765 
"Light  niaivel,  A,"  388 
Lighting  and  burning.  Train,  3 

auihoriiy  surrender  its  powers, 

Can  a '.'  95 
battery    in    connection    with 
central  station  supply.  The 
use    of    a   large,  by    F.    H. 
Whysall,  278 
Cost  and  efficiency  of  ditplay, 

by L.  Crouch, 504 
Electricity  for,  26 
,,        for  motor-cars,  Electric,  878 

LioBTiNct  .tND  Power  Notes — 
Aberciirn,  933 
Aberdeen,  137,  179,  214,  639 
Abingdon,  720,  1061 
Acctington,  56,  214,  38' ,  69C  757,  888, 

Acton,  470,  C78 

Aldershot,£59 

Algeria,  511,  801,  1061 

Alnwick,  179 

Altrinebnm,  97,  470 

Arbreath,  11)7,  470 

Argentina,   15,  97,  137,  341,  470,  511, 

559,  678,  845,  1022 
Ashford,  979 
Ashton-undcr-Lyne,  470 
AtheDry,214 

Atherion,  257,  841.  598,  933 
Australia.  15,  98, 257,  341,  511,  598 
Austria,  15,  846 
Ayletbury,  432 
Ayr.  179 

Ayrshire,  137,  648 
Aysgarth,  883 
BaiUlon,  15 
Balderton,  257 
Balearic  Isles,  845 
Ballyconnell  (Co.  Cavan),  15 
Banbridge,  598,  9.<^S 
Banff,  919 
Bangor,  802 
Barking,  15,  881 
Barnes,  341.  512,888 
Barn^ley,  470,  8l5 
Barnstaple.  979,  1022 
Barrow- in-Furness,  38i,  757,  933 
Barton-on-Humber,  720 
Harwell,  295 

Basingstoke,  15,  639,  757,  802 
Bath,  50,  267,  841,  688,  1061 
Batlev,  66, 1061 

Battersea,  259,  599,  679,  S89, 1023 
Beckenham,  381,888 
Bedford.  17H,  841,  569,  639,  979,  1022 
Bedworth,  757, 10'22 
Belfast,  3.1,  57,  296,979 
Belgium,  57,  98,  214,  841,  669,  721 
Bentlcy  (Yorks.),  15 
Bermondsey,  139,  613,  759,  847,  934 
Berwick-on-Tweed,  15 
Bewdley,  214 

Bexhill,  179,  888,  1022,  1062 
Bexicy,  179.721,846,933 
Billericay  (Essex).  15 
Bingley,  295,  678,  1022,  1062 
Birkenhead,  678,  888 
Birmingham.  257,  381,  432,  639,  757, 

802,  846,  888,  938, 1062 
Bispham,  H81,  933 
Bitterne,  916 
Blackburn,  98,  104,  138,  179,  678,  757, 

913 

Blackpool,  98,  179,   659,  721,  757,  SS", 

1062 
Blackrock, 98, 188 
Blean,  846 
Bcgnor,  98,  432,  767 
Bohon,  98,  138,  214,  257,  382,  846,  888 
Bootle,  598,  888 
Bournemouth,  98 

Bradford,  432,  470,  698,  758.  979,  1052 
Braintree,  5P8 
Braunton, 482 
Bridlington,  15,  67,  470,  678,  757,  846, 

1062 
Brierfield,  1062 
Brighf.use,  .Wg,  802 

Hriwhton,  16,  98,  138,  598,  758,  933,1062 
Bristol,  4:12,  470,  678,  888,  980 
Broadwater,  802 
Bromley,  512 
Brora,  721 
Bulgaria,  721 
Burgess  Hill.  888 
Burnham,510,  639,  846 
Burnley,  4.12.  S-ig,  933,  979 
Burtonon-Trent,  179,  257, 432,  802,  980 
Bury,  482,  Sli.BX-",  980,  1062 
Bury  8t.  Edmunds,  80'2 
Bu6hl)ury,721 

bushey,  721 
Buxton,  15 
Caerphilly,  98 

Canada,  15,  179,  214,  258,  612,  5j,9,  598, 
699,  721,  993 

Canterbury,  802,  980 

Cardiff,  2!  5 

Carlisle,  179,  2P5,  639 
Castle  Eden,  15 

Caton,  214,  512 

Chalfont  St.  Peter,  98 

Charnmooth,  980 

Chatham.  295 

Cheltenham,  439,  630,  980 

Chester,  341,  612,  559,  7.58,  1062 
-le-8trcet,  758 

Chesterfield,  295 

Chile,  IS 

Chilworth,  721 

China,  98,  432,  816,  890,  983,  980 

f'hri»trhurch,2l4,286 

(  hurrh  inear  Oswaldtwistle),  138 

Cirencester,  783 

Clarlonon-Hea,  512,  6.';9,  980 

Cleckheaion,  933 

Clones,  758,  1062 

Cobham,  15 

Colchester,  432,  1023 


LlOHTINO  AND  PowEE  NoTES  -  conlinutd. 
Colne,  15,  311.  980 
Colwyn  Bay,  216,  598,  639,  678,  888 
Conway,  t7,  432 
Coventry,  98,  640,  768,  888 
Cresnell,  889 
Crewe,  980 

Cromer,  57,188,296,  640 
Croydon,  138,  933 
Cruinpsall,470 
Cuckfleld  (Sussex),  57,  721 
Darlington,  IB,  471,889 
Dartford,  57,  882,  6^8,  980 
Darwen  '258,  341,  660,  889 
Dawlish,  138 
Delabolc,  678,  758 
Denmark,  1062 
Derby,  216,  258,  758 
Devizes,  16 

Dewsbury,  57,  599, 1062 
Doncaster,  512,  £00,  699,  648 
Dorset,  882 

Douglas  (Isle  of  Man),  98,  216,  296 
Dover,  98,  216,  841,  432,  612,  699,  721 
Dromore,  59?,  721 
Dublin,  678 

Dudley,  216,  721,  802,  980 
Duffleld,5ia 
Dufftown,  512 
Dundalk,  640,  768,  1062 
Dundee,  215,  258,  882,  802,   933,   980, 

1062 
Dunfermline,  560 
Dungarvon,  98,  179,  512 
Durban,  433 
Durham,  215 
Ealing,  138.  341,  61'2,  678 
Easingccn,  802 
Eastbourne,  980 
East  Ham,  599,  1062 

„     Sussex,  2t8 
Eccles,  57,  98,  215,  416,  758,  988,  980 
Edinburgh,  16,  98,  138,  179,  216,  341, 

t82,  471,  678,  759 
Egypt,  889 
Eliand,  889.  980 
Ellesmere  Port,  758 
Eltham,  846 
Emley,  802 
Epsom,  16,  138,  258,  296,  640,  889,  988, 

980 
Erilh,  179,  722 
Eton,  512 
Exeter,  889 
Evnsford,  296 
Falkirk,  640.  758 
Fareham,  16 
Faringdon,  382 
Farnwonh,  16,  471 
Felixstowe,  98,  816,  980 
Fife,  802 
Finchley,  311 
Finland,  138 
Fleetwood,  341,  3?2,  640 
Folkestone,  432 
Ford,  933 
France,  15,  98,  296,  882,  470,  559,  639, 

721,f02,  846,  933,  1062 
Fulhsm,  296,  513,934,  1023 
Galashiels,  2.58,  341,  882,  846 
Gargrave,  758,  1022 
Germany,   57,   98,   188,   214,   258,  296, 

£60,  888 
Gillingham,  258,  c99,  980 
Glasgow,  16,  U8,  215,  512,  7'22,  1062 
Gloucester,  215,  512,  t80 
Godmanchester,  179 
Goole  (Yolks. ),  179 
Grange,  296 
Grssmcre,  599 
Gravesf  nd,  t8   1022 
Great  Lumley,  1022 
Greenock,  512,  1063 
Grimsby,  2f.8,  432,  612,  678,  934 
Guatemala,  933 
Guildford,  138 

Hackney,  139,  439,  640, 768,  981 

Haiti,  640 

Halifax,  179,  382,  660,  699,  984,  980 

Ham.  341.512,  722 

Hammersmith,  215,  518,  610,  802,  847, 
889,  10:!& 

Hanipstead,  7.58 

Hanwoll.  ^89 

Harrogate,  16,  258,  341,  512,  722 

Harwich,  679,  758 

Haslingden,  179,  f82,  660 

Hastings,  179,  268,  382,  846,  980 

Haydock.  512 

Ilavward's  Heath  (Sussex),  98,  612 

Hazel  Grove.  679 

Hebburn.  57,  846.  1028 

Hebden  Bridge,  f82,  889,  984 

Heckmondwike,  432,802 

Hcltby.  138 

Hendon.  1.38,  846 

Henley,  7!)8,  846 

Herfford,  ?9B,  471,758,802 

Heme  Buy,  16,  889 

Hertford,  1063 

HerKordshire,  215,  802 

Hest  in-Isltworth.  215,  882.  660,  934 

Heyi-ham,  512,802 

Higham  Ferrers,  679 

Ilindlcv,  512 

Hoddesdon,  138 

Holborn,  Ki23 

Holmflnh,  471,  1063 

Koniton,  C02 

Hornfey,216,  341,512,  889 

Horsham,  846 

Hove,  19,  IfiH,  179,  258 

Hoylake  and  West  Kirby,  179,  512,  679, 
1C63 

Hr-vlard  (near  Barnslcy),  16 

Huddersfle'd,  296,  341 

Hull,  4:W,  722,  758,  802,  889,  981,  1023 

Hungary,  639 

Hyde,  679 

Ilinrd,  215,  840 

llkley,  802,  819 

India,  841,  512,  640,  679,  723,  847 

Invergordon, 1028 

Inverness,  513 


LlOHTINO  AND  PowER  NOTES — tontintitd. 
Ipswich,  847 
Isliogion,  16,  91,  981 
Italy,  15, 758,  t02, 106J 
ItcheD,722 

Japan,  16,  433,  679,  722,  847,  931,  1063 
Johnstone,  847 
Kearsley,  296,  640 
Keighley,  382,  433,  513,  758,  931 
Kendal,  99,  258,  758 
Kettering,  i-W,  847,  1063 
Kettlewell  (Yorks.),  57,  1023 
Kilmarnock,  079 
King's  Lynn,  296,  640,  981 
Kingstown  ico.  Dublin),  1063 
Kirkcaldy,  471,  981 
Kislingbury  (Korihants.)  215 
Knighton  (Radnorshire),  99, 1!9 
Knottingley.  889,  10'23 
Korea,  981 
Lealherhead,  679 
Ledbury,  817 

Leeds,  16,  179.  660,  699,  802,  847 
LeeK,  934,  102'1 
Leicester,  722,  93i 
Leigh,  981 
Leith,  296 
Lerwick,  640 
Lewes  215 

Lewisham,  259,  842,  438,  660,  679 
Leyburn,  296,758,802 
Leyton,  6f.O,  569 
Limerick,  889 
Lincoln,  99,  (,79,  1063 
Lisnaskea,  722 
Littleborough,  10ti3 
Liverpool,  16,  139,  179,  215,  268,599, 

722,  758,  8ti9,  934 
Llandudno,  610,  934 
Llanfairfechan,99,  802 
London,  16,  57,  99.  139.  179,  215,  25B, 
286,  342,  483,  513,  560,  699,  640,  679, 
722,  7.'.8,  802,  847,  889,  931,    981, 
1023,  1063 
Londonderry,  .560, 1023 
Long  Eaton,  139,  679 
Lossiemouth,  599 
Loughborough,  342,  1068 
Lowestoft   139,  296,  471,  847 
Luton,  513,  040,  722,  889,  1023 
Luxemburj;,  882 
Lve  and  WoUescote,  642 
Lythsm.  471,  640,  759 
Macclesfield,  699 
Maidenhead,  99 
Maidstone,  16,  215 
Manchester,  179,  259,296,561,699,  679 

7.59,  802,  934,  981 
Manchuria,  180 
Mansfield,  679 
Mansfield  Woodhouse,  139 
MarKatP,  139 
Mark  (Somerset)   1063 
Marvlebone,  99, 179,  842,  433,  699,  C79, 

758,  1023 
Merton,  641 

Metropolitan  Asylums  Board,  722 
MexboiOHKh,  599,  679,  10C3 
Middlesbrough,  889 
Middlesex,  215 
Middleton,  139,  803,  981 
Mid-Sussex,  722 
Moffat,  680 
Morecambe,  889 
Mr  rley,  8g3,  1023 
Morocco,  981 
Neath,  934 
Nelson,  259,  847 
Newcastle-iinder-Lymc,  600 
Newport  (I.  of  W  ),  296 

(Mon.),  215,  259, 471, 699,  847, 
10'23 
Newtonin-Makerfield,  600 
New  Zealand,  180,  613,  6ii9,  759,  1023 
North  China,  847 

„     Y'orkshire  water  power  schemes, 
471 
Northumberland,  £9 

Northwich,67 

Northwood  and  Ruislip,  769 

Norway,  57,  188,  2.58,  882,  660 
Norwich,  (•  89 
Nottingham,  ,57,  789,  934 

Nova  Scotia,  .57 

Nuncaton,(;00,  759,  981 

Oldham,  67,  99,  215,  296,  613,  680,  808, 
889,  1068 

Orsett,  139,  259,  600 

Oulton  Broad,  259.  501,  808 

Paisley,  296 

Pendlebury,  342 

Penistone  (Yorks.),  180 

Penmaeniniwr,  803 

Perthshire,  16 

Peterborough,  180,  259,  342,  513,  84'', 
889,  1063 

Philippines,  680 

Plymouth,  189,  215,  843,  .382.  488,  641 
723, 890 

Pockiington,  180 

Pontcfracl,  603,  847 

Poplar,  16,  1S9, 640,  802 

Port  Ctlasgnw,  433,  759 

Portishead,  .-^82,5^1 

Porlru^h,  16.  041 

I'onslade,  139  817 

Portsmouth,  723,  931 

Portuguese  East  Africa,  16 

Pres'on,  80» 

Queensfcrry  (Ches.),  189 

Hadclillr, 'illfi 

Kad8lock,.'i82 

Rawtenstall,  16, 189,  180,  813,  728,  1004 

Reading,  f88 

Re<ulit<h,  661,  803 

ReigBte,  57 

Rhondda,  803 

Rbosllancrchrugog,  513,  981 

Rhyll  99 

Iticbmond,  661.  641 

Rickmansworth,  215 

Bishtn,  472,(80,759 

Rochdale,  139,  259.  438,  680,  981 

Romford,  16,  189,  472,  661,  R'-O 


.It'LY    1,  19l!5.] 


THE     ELECTRICAL    REVIEW— INDEX. 


riioiiroo  ANii  Powr.ii  NoTi(ii-con(/Hi(«(/. 
llOMnou,  OKI 
Ui»liui'lini»,'ir>tl,  HOII 
Houmaiiiri,HIU 
R(ivti>n,  (1(10 
Rinu'.diii,  H'JO 

ItllHhlllMI,  IH) 

iiuHsia,  It!,  no,  em,  m.  na,  oa.'),  loeu 

nui|iln,'l7'i 
St.  AlbanH,tllS 

„  AndriMvi",  (Wl 

„  Aime'B-on-Hoii,  472 

„  HulmiB,r)7,limt,4«8,600,  8C3,  981,981 

„  Miii'KarctB,  H0.< 

„  Miiry  Cray,  H13 

„  I'nnorftB,  ««.  ai2,  981,  1003 

„  ThoiimB,  (180 
Siilforil,  !)»,  180,  air.,  358,  296,  COO,  680, 

75",  HOII,  1)3-1, 981 
SaiKluiotoacl,  li)9 
Boarl.oioiiKh,  9',),  139,  215,  600 
ScvenoakH,  (iOO,  759 
HhaMoii,  :80 

BhclIU-ld.  2r>9,  488,  600,803,  981,  1063 
Hhiplov  (Vorks.),21«,  259,888,769 
BhiiistbiionStour,  297 
Shoreditch,  189 
bhrewsbury,  99,  1023 
Siam,  661 
Siberia,  843,  C81 
Sicily,  888 
Sidniouth,  472 
SilBden,  ■^97.  313 
Skolton  and  Brotton,  680 
ekipton,313 
Skye,  818 
SIoukIi,  883 
Sniothwick,  16 

South  Africa,  16,  57,  99,  140,  IfO,  297, 
41.S.  680,759,  848,931 
„      Shields,  2S9 
Southampton,  99,  140,  383,  472,  613 
South borough,  641 
Southcndon-Sea,  890,  1023 
Southport,  343 
Sonthwark,  312,  433,  899, 1023 
Spain,  98,  214,  2!)(i,  470,  660,  846 
Bpcnnynioor,98I 
Statlord,  180,  890.  934 
BtalybridKe,  17,  180,  383,  661,  723.  759, 

848 
Staveley,  216 
Stepney,  296,  640,  981 
Stirling,  99,  513 
Stockport,  259,  600,  680,  803 
Stockton-on-Tees,  472,  600 
Stoke  Newington,  640 

„      -on-Trent,  259,  433,  661,  641,  935 
Stretford,  99,  9:15 
Stroud  (Glos.),  180,  433,  759 
Sumnierseat.  723 
Sunderland,  216,  472 
Bnrbiton,  140 
Sutton,  216 

Swanage,  180,  343,  641,  1063 
Swansea,  110,  51.3,  F80,  803,  935 
Sweden,  214,  882,  1062 
Bwindon,  297,  433,  1023 
Swinton,  140,  297,  343,  472, 680,  723, 803, 

IOtS 
Switzerland,  560 
Tasmania,  259 
Taunton,  472  ,  1024 
Tempo,  935,  1063 
Theale,  613 
Tilbury,  67,981,  1063 
Todmorden,  17 
Tollesbury,  99 
Tonbridge,  600 
Torquay,  433,  600,  803,  848 
Tottenham,  383,  890 
Troon,  297,  472,  613,  1061 
Trowbridge,  723,  848 
Truro,  17,  414,  433,  472,  514,  661,  1024 
Tunbridge  Wells,  99,  259,  600,  803 
Turton,  58,  433 
Tutbury.  383 
Tvldesley,  57 

Tynemouth.  297,  472,  514,  1024 
Tyneside,  759 
Uruguay.  140  472 
U.S.A..  17,641,723,760 
Venezuela,  100,  140 
Vent  nor.  935 

Wakefield,  58, 472,  803,  982 
Walkden,  343 

Wallasey,  140.  43t,  935,  982 
Walsall, 260,  297,  434,  803,890,  982 
Walthamstow,  883.  561^723 
Warrington,  383,  982 
Warwickshire,  260 
Waterford,  936 

Watford,  17,  140,  600,  760,  848,  982 
Weaverham,  723 
Wednesbury,  216,  343,  641 
West  Boniwich,f61,  641,  760,  1024 
„      Ham,  95,  343,  760,  890,  9.15, 1024 
„      Hartlepool,  ICO,  803,  818 
WesthouKhton.  180,  216  ' 
Westminster,  253,  679 
Whitby,  434,  760 
Whitehaven,  100,  472,  641,  848 
Whitstable,   HO,   180,    216,    383,    641, 

Whitworth,  S97,  472,  1024,  1064 
Wick,  728 

Wignn,  434,  S90,  9'2 
Willesden,  180.  313,  899 
Wimbledon,  434,  600,  801 
Wisbech,  1061 
Woking,  297 

Wolverhampton,  200,  434,  641,  848 
Woodford,  641 
Wood  Green,  216,  935 
Woolwich,  57,  296,  .599,-.1023 
Worcester.  472,  935 
Worksop,  338,  804 
Worsley,  2'i7,  '43 
Worthing,  641,  760, 935 
Wrexham,  297,  33.3,  894,  848 
Yarmouth,  561. 848 
Yeovil,  630 

York,  58,  100,  216,  260,  600,  641,  680, 
890 


liighllng  of    faotorluH  and   workihops, 
Tho,  14U 
,,  of  Hinall  country  houBOB,  Tho, 

by  .;.(Jal'lwcll,029 
„  of  villaKOB,  Th»  uloctrir,  41 

„  HtroMl.  461 

„  Village,  7i8 

Llghiniiig,  Kllirdby,  enO 
Hlorni,  767 
Dt^atliKby,  1073 
LightH,  Distinctive  Htrott,  894 
Lignllu  an  Htalion  fuel,  419,  919 
Limited  partnurBhl|m,  287 
LilquidatiouB,  97,  178,  3H1,  611,  057,  677 
,,  ItiiHohitionB   and,    14,  55, 

137,    2.-i7,  291,  310,   431, 
59H,    039,  720,  757,   800, 
Hi5,8H-<,  932,  978,  1021 
Load,    A    plea    for    tho    domcHtic,    by 
••WhiHtlcllold,"406 
,,       tCBtB   on    mains,   A  method   of 
taking,  by  J.  B.  Morgan,  6cn 
"  Ijoan,"  Surveyor's,  665 
Local  representation  noocssary,  751 
Locomotive,  Now  type  of  single-phase, 
198 
„  "PatBgon"   intornal   com- 

bustion, 1020 
L.B.    >»   S.C.    Railway    electriflcation. 

The,  176 
L.C.C.  aad    electrical    workers'   hours 
and  wagi's,  863 
„       Tramways  report,  1019 
London  Chamber  of  Commerce,  767 
„        Electric  Supply  Corporation  i\ 
Westminster  Electric  Supply 
Corporation,  586 
,,        Electric    supply  in,  by   Frank 

Bailey,  1 61,  701 
,,        electrical    and    other  workers. 

Meeting  of,  991 
„        Electrical  EngineerSf  R.E.  (T.), 

438 
„        railway  contracts,  991 
Lost  pipes.  Finding,  137 
Lowest  tender.  The,  275 


MACHINE,     An      electric      cloth- 
cutting,  553 
Machinery,    Standardisation    rules    for 

electrical,  870,  914 
Magnet,  The  secret  of  the  permanent, 

by  Prof.  8.  P.  Thompson,  961 
Magnetic  survey,  631 
Magnetism,  Terrestrial,  1040 
Magnifying  feeble  signalling  currents. 
Some  methods  of,  by  S.  G.  Brown, 
324 
Mail  vans,  Austrian  electrical,  1027 
Mains,  A  method  of  taking  load  tests 

on,  by  J.  B.  Morgan,  506 
Manana  ?  (Export  trade  to  Spain),  419 
Manchester  Electro-Harmonic  Society 
204,  265,  353,  565 
,,  Recent    developments    at 

t-tuart     Street    Station, 
1071 
„  Recent    developments    in 

the  street  lighting  of,  by 
S.  L.  PearcH  and  H.  A. 
Ratcliff,  497,  581,  617,  963 
,,  Steam  Users'  Association, 

The,  879 
Strike  trouble  at,  893 
Manual    operating    in    telephone    ex- 
changes,   Application    of    Mech- 
anical devices  to  the  assistance 
of,  by  W.  Slingo,  1016 
Manufacturers' Association,  The  British 
Electrical  and  Allied, 
161, 172 
,,  in     Australia,    British, 

347 
Manufacturing  in  Japan,  Electrical,  256 

„  in  Russia.  374 

Marconi     contract:      Advisory     Com- 
mittee's   report,    749,    763, 
767,  1028 
,,  Committee's  report,  1068 

,,  Iinperial    wireless  contract. 

The,  121 
libel  litigation,  478 
„  Ministeis  and,  545,  1050 

„  training  school.  A,  607 

Marshes,  Electricity  in  the  reolamstion 

of,  476 
Matter,  The  constitution  of,  863 

„        Transmutation  of,  267 
Measuring  the  intiammability  of  coal 

dust.  Electrical  devices  for,  123 
Mechanical  devices  to  the  assistance  of 
manual   operating   in    telephone 
exchanges.  Application  of,  by  W, 
Slingo,  1047 
Meeting  of  credito's,  431,  467 
Melbourne  railway  electrification  con- 
tract'), 10 » 
Mercury-vapour  lamp,  A  powerful  steri- 
lising, »88 
„        vapour  lamp.  Sterilisation  with 
the,  6'23 
Metal  tor  handling  acetic  acid,  932 
Metallic  illusions,  62 
Meters   and    Umps    from    the   central 
station,  325 
approved,  511,  590,  719,  1022 
Errors  of  supply.  1068 
Manufacture    of     instruments 
and.  638 
Method  of  takmg  load  tests  on  mains, 

A,  by  J.  B.  Morgan,  506 
Metric  system,  894 
Mexican  lamp  factory,  105 
Mills,  Electricity  in  textile,  911 
Miners'    electric    safety    lamp.    Prize 
competition  for  a,  566 
lamps,  144,  368 
Mines,  Cables  for  shafts  in,  by  E.  E. 
Scott,  366 
Electrical  equipments  for  South 
African,  913 
,,        Electricity  in.  62 


Minoa,  Tlin  unn  of  nlni^rli'lly  knd  elec- 
Irli^al   ai'cl.brntB   In,   251,  830, 
WI'J,  407 
Wirr.|i-M(  tfh.pliony  In,  669 
Mining  MachiiK-ry  Kxlilbitlon,  1177 
,,        malturH,  •MHi 

„       ■pecialitioH,    Bomo    "  Morlaj," 
901 
.Mini'torB  and  Marconi,  646,  1060 
MixBlNHippI,    Hydro  oluctrif    workB   on 

the,  512 
MistnkcH  In  tenders,  104 
Modern  mcthodB  of  electric  wiring,  by 

F.  llroadbent,  10 
Mon'real  Exhibition,  1021 
"Morlny  "   mining    BpccialitieB,    Some, 

VUl 
Molor-'bua  oliBtruction  of  tramcar,  141 
,,      -'buHCH,  Eloctiio  lighting  of,  1073 
,,       ear    electric    llgliling    inHtalln- 
tionn.  Lamp  KtiuidardH  lor,  222 
cars,  i;icctrio  lighting  for,  878 
,,       Kpirit,  l''.ngliBh-inadc,  104 
„        tire        indators,        Electrically 

operated, 105 
,,       TraiiHport      Conference,      The 

Imperial,  623,  1027 
„       vehicle     construction     in     tho 
United  States,  Electric,  517 
vehicles.  Annual  taxes  on  elec- 
tric, 106 
„       vehicles.      Petrol-electric,      by 
J.  B.  U.  Damoiseau,  969 
Motors,  Control  of  three-phase  variable 
speed  A.C.,  151 
,,        Self-starting  synchronous,  805 
„        Some  diO'lculties  witb  tramcar, 

607 
„        Starting  and  apeed  control  of 
induction,  by  F.  C.  Ald^us, 
822 
Moving  coil    instruments,   Air-gaps  in, 

by  C.  C.  Garrard,  1085 
M.E.A.,  Current  topics  at  the,  1009 
,,        preliminary  programme,  665 
The  electric  vehicle  and  the,  710 
Municipal  electrical  trading  at  Edin- 
burgh, 186 
„  electricity  works.  Inventory 

of    plant   in,    by    "Inte- 
rested," 71 
,,  parsimony,  923 

„  salaries,  585 

,,  Tramway  Managers'  Annual 

Conference     at     Sunder- 
land, 1005 
undertakings.    Salaries   in, 

683 
)'.    private     ownership     in 
Germany,  185 
"  Myriawatt,"  The,  162 


NATIONAL  Insurance  Act,  1911,  by 
Jos.  J.  H.  Stansfield, 
72,  122,  495 
,,  Physical       Laboratory, 

63,  81 1 
Navy,  Artificers  in  the  Roval,  331 
„      Electricity  in  the  U.S..  809 
Neon  lamp.  The,  768 
Neutrals    on    alternating-current    sys- 
tems. Earthed  r.  unearthed,  by 
J.  8.  Peck,  78 
New.assiciations,  353 
Newcastle  contractors'  dinner,  220 

New  Companies— 
Apple,  L.,  1030 

Ardea  Vulcaniser  Syndicate,  229 
Ardwick  Electric  Regulator  Co.,  187 
Asuncion  Tramway,  Light  and  Power 

C'-.,  28 
Atlas  Electrical  Co.,  902 
Anger  Manufacturing  and  Supply  Co., 

484 
B.  A  C.  Foil  Syndicate,  106 
Baldur  Engineering  and  Supply  Co., 

228 
Barton-on-Humber    Electric    Supply 

Co.,  567 
Beatson  ,&  Co..  993 
Beckwith,  E.,  &  Co.,  773 
Berry,  Wm.,  &  Co.,  1030 
Bests'  Safety  Lamps,  902 
Bootle  Electrical  Co.,  268 
Brettall.  J.  W.,28 
British  Electric  Heater  Co.,  484 
,,        Sherardisers,  817 

Telegraph  Instrument  Co.,  187 
Cable  Construction  Svndicate,  854 
Carlton  Split  Ball  Bearing  Co.,  902 
Castlecomer  Tramwav  Co.,  691 
"Ceag"  Electric  Safety  Lamp  Co., 691 
Chalmer".  568 

Cinema  Theatre  Dimmers,  637 
City  of  Las  Palmas  Water  and  Power 

Co.,  268 
Compania  Constructora  del  Paciftco, 

106 
Coniston  Electrolytic  Copper  Works, 

187 
Continuous  Reaction  Co.,  1030 
Courtenay,  J.  W.,  4S.4 
'Credenda  Conduits  (  o..  106 
Cremer  Lamp  and  Engineering  Co. 

364 
Crompton  &  Co.,  1074 
Cunningham,  484 
Cvelectric  Cookers,  691 
Day  (Patents).  G.  St.  John,  691 
De  Coster  &  Co..  354 
•'  Der  "  Trading  Syndicate,  568 
Down,  H.  Lingdon,  854 
Eastern  Electric  Co.,  668 
Eckstein.  Heap  &  Co.,  66 
Electric  Ignition  Co.  (191''),  902 
Utility  Co.,  1030 
ZincC).,  S'iS 
Electrical  Engineering  &  Motor  Co. 

(Carli.-ile),  993 
Electricity   Meters    Patent  Develop- 
ment Syndicate.  810 
Garrett,  Hartley  &  Co.,  1080 


Nrw  CoMi'ASirH    rnnllnunl. 
Oenural  'Irleautngraph  Co.,  116 
(iKTv.K.Til 

Olubn  Ahh'  r-lttnd  Cabin  A  Tclegntphlo 
Co..  tU.'/i 

H»l.-H.  1  l')74 

ilavaiK.  .  ndlralo.MB 

Hr-a.lr-.,rii  ii.i  .    .1..,  i      ,!.<■   I-ighl  Hall- 
way Co.,  nil 
Intarnatlonal  Cold  and  P(.worCo..aa« 
Powi-r  and  Light  TruBt, 

148 
Tolepbono  Co.,  3M 
iBsacBon  A  Brown,  IM 
Javal  PatcntB,  Pfl 
KcntiHh  Town  Motor  and   KlecHie»l 

Engineering  Co.,  814 
Kino  Appliances  and  Repairs,  864 
LecdB      I'rifatfl      Telciihono     (New 

ByBtorn)Co.,268 
Loonaril,  W.,  .V  Co.,  f 91 
Lodge  Fume  Dcpoult  Co.,  773 
London  Com  mercial  Electrical  Btoros, 

810 
Lux  Lamp  and  Engineering  Co.,  854 
McWhirter  &  S^iU  (CardllT),  28 
Magnet*  Guarantee  Syndicate,  1080 
Magnetaire,  993 
Mua  Magneto,  891 
Models,  778 
Morris  A  Lister,  993 
Morton,  H.  L.,  &  Partner,  106 
Mudic'B  ElectricBl  Co..  I0;« 
National  Electric  and  Motor  Corpora- 
tion, '28 

„        Engineering  Co..  691 
New  BritiRh  Ever-Ready  Co.,  484 
„    English    Glass     Manufacturers, 
778  ,     „ 

Nitrogen  Products  and  Carbide  Co., 

854 
North  British  Diesel  Engine  Works, 

187 
North  British  Wireless  Schools,  1074 
Nu-Lincs  Manufacturing  Co.,  23 
Oldham  "  Emergency  "  Electric  Lamp, 

637 
Panama    Electric    Lighting,    Power 

and  Traction  Co.,  187 
Parana  Power  Syndicate,  484 
Parsons,  C.  A.,  &  Co.,  481 
Pernambuco   Tramways    and   Power 

Co.,  229 
Portable  Electric  Light  Co.,  218 
Premier  Electric  and  Hardware  Co., 

691 
Preston  Portable  Battery  and  Lamp, 

Pri^e  Adjustable  Reamer,  229 

t  lit -hard,  Foxcroft  &  Co.,  229 

Rcoesi,  391 

Redglo,  773 

Refliments.  269 

Reflecting  Glass  Leather  Co.,  773 

Reform  Lighting  Co.,  567 

Research  Laboratory,  391 

Reversible  Turbines.  691 

Rio    Grandeuse    Light    and    Power 
Syndicate,  567 

Roberts  Bros.  &  Holloway,  229 

Rodonit  Syndicate,  484 

Rotary  Units,  484 

Rubelite,  391 

Scientific  Researches  Co.,  854 

Scottish  Light  Railways  and  Develop- 
ment Syndicate,  902 

Scott's  Starter  Syndicate,  354 

Shipston  Electrical  Co.,  668 

Simms  Motor  Units,  773 

Smith  Electrical  Co.,  355 
„       J.  W.,  106 

Southern  Brazil  Electric  Co.,  668 

Spiral  Regulating  Dynamo,  484 

Stolz  Electrophone  Co.  (1913),  773 

Stott,  Oswald,  106 

Strode  -V-  Co.,  140 

Structural  Pttcnts,  773 

Teleca  Co.,  810 

Thompson  Bros.  (Blackburn),  773 

Times  Electric  Co.,  854 

Tomey,  Frank,  &  Co.,  538 

Turbino  Engine  and  Pump  Co.,  9U.1 

V'ickstow  Cars,  145 

W.E.L.,993  ^      „„, 

Wireless  Electric  L-ght  Co.,  993 
Telephone  Co.,  1030 

Wotj'dbridge    and    District    Electric 
Light  Co.,  391 

Zephyr  Ventilating  Co.,  691 

New    ELEcxaicAi.    Devices,    Fittinos 

AND   Pl.AST— 

Adams  lift  controller,  813 
Adjustable  eccentric. '282 
Anger  automatic  brake  adj  aster,  s»» 
Arc  welding  plant.  1043 
Aston  ball  body.  The,  597 
Automatic  chang.'-over  switch,  243 
Automatic  earthing  device,  696 
Belling  electric  cooker.  The,  £95 
Brook  emergency  ship  lighting  set  J32 
B.T  H.  pull-chain  switch  holder,  327 
starting  compensators,  556 
theatre  dimmer,  63 
Calculating  device.  New,  131 
Carron   cooking  and  heating    appli- 
ances, 131 
Cavity-head  screw,  53 
"Chain-pull"  switch  lampholders,  281 
Conduit  girder  box,  939 
Device  for  making  earth  connection, 

201 
Diamond  die  polishing,  716 
Distribution  boxes,  242 
Dutch  oven  type  cooker,  .\,  833 
E.A  C.  car-switch  lift  controller.  New, 

63 
"Economic"  bench  grinders,  424 
Ferro-zincing  or  ironising,  340 
Fixing  contacts  in  springs,  '282 
Focusing  relleotor  lamp,  596 
Folding  scaffold,  A  new,  202 
Pors  car  lightine   dynamo,  The,  827 


rttt 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW— INDEX. 


[Jui-Y  A,  1913. 


Niw    Elhctricai.    Devices,    Fittings 

AND  Plant -ron(ini(crf. 
Fr»nl2  suclion  cleaner,  716 
Fuse  box,  New,  468 
Oate-end  box  (or  docks  and  mires,  671 
G.E.C  balancer  starter,  243 

combined     switch     (use    nnd 
plug,  SiiS 
„        house  service  cut-out.  New,  53 
„        ironclad    reversin>.'    switches. 

New,  la-J 
,,        "mistake  inooC switchboards, 
835 
Generator    protection     (or     Chicago, 

1043,  109U 
"  Globus  ■•  lamp.  The,  133 
Gottt,chalk     telephone     transmitter, 

a  he,  339 
Orate,  The  electric,  203 
Hot  plates.  Electric,  lOH 
"Indra"  system  o(  lighting.  The,  242 
"Instanta"  iidjustahle  ri^e  and   fall 

pendants,  202 
Ironclad  switchiupc,  An,  425 
Kitchen,  An  electric  staff,  791 
"  Klipton  "  lamp.  The,  415 
Lamp  for  motor-cars.  Inspection,  834 
Lampholdcr,  A  new,  637 
Lampholders,  Aston  "  F.  T."  fireproof, 

1091 
Lighting  (or  motor-cars.  Electric,  1041 
Low-water  alarm  and  (eed  regulator, 

960 
"  Lynton  "  radiator,  790 
"Magic  "  electric  blower,  1044 
Magnetising  permanent maenets,lC90 
Measuring  the  height  o(  poles,  1090 
"Mego-meter"  insulation  testing  set, 

Tlie,  685 
"  Meta  "  heaters,  801 
Mining  telephones,  468 

switchboards.  K.A.C.,  1091 
■One-part"  lanipholilcr  and  plug,  52 
Operating  theatre.  Electricity  in  the, 

1090 
"Oriona"  lamp.  The,  1044 
"Plexsim  "  sealing-wax  heaters,  673 
"  Polar"  propeller  tans,  715 
Polish-grinding  machine,  The,  1041 
Porcelain  (use  handles,  203 
Pulley,  A  new,  885 
'  Realite  "      semi  -  indirect     fitting, 

B.T.H.,426 
Receivers  for  time  signals,  Wireless, 

1090 
Record  patent  n.c.  moving-coil  instru- 
ment, The,  52 
Recordine  blast  furnace  charges,  597 
"  Regina  "  electric  cleaner,  42'> 
"  Rex  "  totally-enclosed  fuse,  'J  iO 
Rheostat,  New  type  o(,  555 
Scott's  patent  air  compressors,  959 
Shunt  calculator.  Electrical,  556 
Siemens  lamp  obscurer.  A,  885 

„         radiator  tlexible,  415 
Sign,  A  large,  715 

„      A  new  electric,  202 
Silica  lamp  laboratory  outfit.  716 
Bingle-phase    prepayment    watt-hour 

meter.  A,  131 
Slow-break  Witton  switches.  425 

„    -motion  starting  gear,  960 
"Stannos"  house  Zed(use  box,  New 

pattern,  327 
Static  discharger  panel,  834 
Stoneware  electric  utensils,  674 
Stove  and  toaster.  New  electric,  978 
Toa«ter,  Electric,  424 
"  Tress  "  illuniinatrd  signs,  791 
"  Tricity  •■  ship  heaters,  13J 
Vulcanwax,  9<1 

Wandsworth  switches,  New.  242 
Water  heater.  Electric,  425 
WestinghoHse  oil-break  switch,  327 
Westminster  electric  cookers,  VR2 
Window  cleaner,  Electrical,  283 
X-ray     reflectors    (or    shop  •  window 

lighting,  716 

New  terms,  More,  80J 
„    type  o(    single-phase    locomotive, 

1S3 
„    type  o(  tramcar,  468 
,,    York  State,  U.S.A.,  Hydro-electric 

scheme  (or,  165 
,,    Zealand,  Business  methods  in,  by 

"  Wigwam,"  B67 
„    Zealand,  Fifty  years'   success  in, 

264 
..    Zealand's  electrical  maoufactures, 
677 
Nitrogen,  The  fixation  of  atmospheric, 

by  P.  H.  S.  Kempton,  551 
North   China,    The    future    of    British 
electrical     industry     in,    by    Hsi 
C'HunKChi.376 
Norway,  Electrometa'lurgy  in,  160 

in    1912,    The   electrical    iron 
industry  in,  390 
„        Iron  smelting  in,  747 
■  orway's  electrical  imports,  78 
umbering  o(  tramway  routes,  18 
\  units  aodabbns,  657 


0 


BITUARV- 


Arrol,  Sir  William,  .'191 
Badt,  Francis  B.,  72S 
Blane,  Thos.,  228 
Braun,  Wunibald,  110 
Bright,  E.  B.,  661 
Brown,  Henry,  S.'JS 
Bollough,  Wi'lliam,  484 
Callcndcr,  William  M.,  903 
Coates,  R.,  691 
Courtenay,  James  W.,  998 
Crawford,  The  Earl  of,  328 
Danson,  Al(rr;d,  72!) 
Dewey,  Oswald,  I(J.)0 
Erekinc,  Robert  8.,  1080 
FergjBon,  James,  1«7 
Fiegehen,  John  G.,  ai3 
Firth,  Oliver,  268 


OniTtART— confinufd. 
Foster,  Horatio  A.,  F.VJ 
GadBbv.  Chas.  H.,  28 
Hamilton   Frederick  A.,  28 
Harden,  George  F.,  268 
Harman,  A.  H.,903 
Haslam,  Edwin,  652 
Hazeldean,  John  R.,  691 
Hclme.  Pacre,  691 
Humpbrev,  G.,  567 
Jack,  David  C.,2i>8 
James,  Thos.,  '739 
Laval,  Dr.  Gustaf  de,  229 
l.cecc,  Wm.  S.,  7'29 
Lind,  Andrew  L.,  410 
Loxloy,  Wm.,  652 
Lugar,  Capt.  W.  R.,  917 
Matthey,  George,  310 
Musgrave,  Walter  M.,  891 
Nicholson,  Prof.  J.  T.,  903 
Parker,  J.,  567 
Patterson.  James,  106 
Preston,  Ueubcn  T.,  106 
Saxbv,  .John,  691 
Slabv,  I'rot.  Adolpb,  61-2 
Stevens,  Frederick  H.  A.,  947 
Tangye,  James,  612 
Thompson.  Thos.,  146 
Tisseman,  Thos.  A.,  691 
Trotter,  John,  729 
Ty.;r,  Edwatd,  27 
Inderdown,  Emanuel  M.,  652 
Wanlcss,  K.,  1074 
Weber,  Prof.  Heiinich,  863 
White,  Sir  Wm.,  ;i91 
Wilson-Dickson,  John  G.,  391 
Woodfleld,  Sydney,  G5 
Zimmermann,  Julius,  729 

Odonrs,  Gas  fires  and  evil,  388 

Official  Retihns- 
Acoumulator  Industries,  311 
Ackroyd  &  Best,  774 
Acton  Lamp,  28 
.Adelaide  Development  Co.,  568 
Altrincham  Electric  Supply,  1074 
Aluminium  Stamping  Co.,  892 
Amazon  Telegraph  C'o.,  311 
Anglo-Portuguese  Telephone  Co.,  1074 
Argentine  Tramways  and  Power  Co., 

28 
Asbestos  and  Asbestic  Co.,  1031 
Asuncion  Tramway,  Light  and  Power 

Co.,  107 
Banbury  and  District  Electric  Supply 

.Co.,  774 
Bastian  and  Partners,  774 

,.        "^  eter  Co.,  774 
Ikck  .V  Moss,  1071 

B.ackpool     and     Garstang     Electric 
Light  Railway  Co.,  229 
„  St.    Anne's  and   Lytham 

Tramways  Co.,  311 
Borland,  Hagedorn  it  Co.,  773 
Bornett,  S.,  &  Co.,  ."=88 
Bournemouth  and   Poole  Electricity 

Supply  Co.,  1074 
Brecknell,  Munro  &  Rogers,  107 
British    Co'umbia    Electric    Railway 
Co.,  107 
,,         Ever-Ready    Electrical    Co., 
14G 
Mica  Co.,  774 
,,         Union  Lamp  Works,  1074 
Brompton  and  Kensington  Electricity 

Suppiv  Co.,  1031 
Browett,  Lindley  &  Co.,  1074 
Brown  &  Parsons,  774 

Boveri  A.  Co.,229 
Brvant  Trading  Syndicate,  310 
Bullers,  107 
Burgess   IMl   and    District    Electric 

Supply  Co.,  903 
Cambridge  Elect'ic  Supply  Co.,  774 
„  Electric  Tramways  Syndi- 

cate, 773 
Carlton  Engineering  Co.,  107 
Central  Electric  Supply  Co.,  668 
Charing  Cross,   West   End   and   City 

Electricity  Supply  Co.,  817 
Chelsea  Electricity  Supply,  1031 
Chippenham  Electric  Supply  Co.,  485 
City  o(  Buenos  Ayres  Tramways  Co. 
(1904).  774 
„    o(  Ely  Electric  Light  and  Power 
Co.,  485 
Clarke,  Chapman  &  Co.,  817 
Coast  Development  Corporation,  S64 
Cordoba  Light,  Power  and  Traction 

Co.,  187 
Corona  Lamp  Works,  85.') 
Costa  Rica  Electric  Light  and  Trac- 
tion Co..  311 
Cox,  Harry  W.,  ,V  Co.,  66 
Cunningham,  817 
Culling  Bros.,  485 
"  Dae  "  Accumulator  Syndicate,  485 
Dclagoa  Bay  Development  Corpora 

tion,  146 
Derbyshire      and      Nottinghamshire 

Electric  Power  Syndicate,  187 
Douglas  Southern  Electric  Tramways, 

311 
Egerton  &  Co.,  778 
Kgham  and   Staines  Electricity  Co., 

817 
Electric  Ignition  Co.,  1071 
„        Ozone  Syndicate,  608 
„        Wirmg  and  Fittings  Co.,  774 
Electrical  and  Industrial  Investmint 
Co.,  774 
„         Distribution  of  Yorkshire, 

„         Industries       Development 

Co.,  485 
„  Installations.  239 

„         Name  and  Numerical  Sign 

Co.,  1H7 
„  Power  Storage  Co.,  774 

Trodcs  Supply,  854 
Electricity  Supply  Co.  (or  Spain,  311 
Electroliie,  1074 
Electromobile  Co.,  311,  774,  1081 


Official  'Rr.rvBUs— continued. 
English  Electrical  Co.,  146 
Executors  o(  Thomas  Atkinson,  903 
Faringdon  Electric  Light  and  Power 

Co..  854 
Ferranti,  28,  817 
Filaments,  311 
Foreign  and   Colonial    Lighting  Co., 

311 
Fors  Accumulator  Foreign  Patents, 

902 
Forster  &  Sons,  66 
Foster  Engineering  Co.,  811,  865 
Fiankenberg.  1.,  A  Sons,  774 
Fraser  &  Chalmers,  568,  773 
Garrett,  Hartley  &  Co.,  1074 
General  Electric  Tramways  Co.,  771 
Glantawe  Electric  Suppiv  Co  ,  902 
Gosport     and     Alverstoke     Electric 

Lighting  Co.,  187 
Green,  Albert,  854 

Grindell- Matthews    Wireless    Tele- 
phone Syndicate,  28 
Hadley  Trench    and  Wrookwardine- 

wood  Lighting  Co.,  187 
Hampshire  Light  Railways  (Electric) 

Co.,  187 
Hare,  C.  IL,  &  Co.,  810 
Hart  Accumulator  Co.,  774 
Hawkes.  O.  C,  9  2 
Hove  Electric  Lighting  Co.,  774 
Hunt  ,V  Moscrop,  107 
Imperial  Light,  771 
India-Rubbcr,     Gutta-Percha     and 

Telegraph  Works  Co.,  486 
Indian  Electric  Supply  and  Traction 

Co  ,  187,  392 
Insulators,  B65 
Isaacson  &  Brown,  329 
I.T.C.,811 
Javal  Patents,  817 
Johnson-Billington  Electricity  Meters, 

1031 
Keith,  James,  &  Blackman  Co,,  107, 

811,  855,  1031 
Kensington  and  Knightsbridge  Elec- 
tric Lighting  Co.,  817 
Key  Engineering  Co  ,  774 
Kevnsbam  Electric  Light  and  Power 

Co  ,  187 
Lamp  Manufacturing  Co.,  .568 
Lamplough  &  Son,  146,  1031 
Lancashire  Power  Construction  Co., 

10)1 
Lancashire  United  Tramways,  817 
Lichtenfleld  Burglar  Alarm,  116 
London  and  Suburban  Traction  Co., 

568 
Longstreth's,  187 

Madras  Electric  Tramways  (1904),  902 
Masneta  Tune  Co.,  311 
Marsh,  Son  iV:  Co.,  902 
Mather  &  Piatt,  902 
Melbourne  Electric  Supply  Co.,  486, 

668 
Metalite,  1031 

Mexican  Fuel  and  Power  Co.,  774 
Midland  Electric  Wire  Co.,  902 

Ignition  Co.,  392 
Mills,  English  &  Co.,  1031 
Musselburgh    and    District     Electric 

Lighting  and  Traction  Co.,  187 
Nairobi  Electric   Power  and  Lighting 

Co  ,  146 
National  Electric   Engineering  Co., 

568 
New  Phonopore  Telephone  Co.,  58 
,,    St.   Helens  and  District  Tram- 
ways Co.,  28 
„    System  Private  Telciihone  Co., 
311,817 
.Newcastle  and  District  Electric  Light- 
ing Co.,  9C2 

,,  -upon-Tyne  Electric  Supply 

Co..  902 
Newmarket  Electric  Light  Co.,  817 
No  Cell,  902 
Northampton     Electric     Light    and 

Power  Co.,  774 
Oriental  Telephone  and'Electric  Co., 

28,  329 
Paciflc  and  European  Telegraph  Co., 

28 
Paignton  Electric   Light  and   Power 

Co.,  774 
Para  Electric  Railways  and  Lighting 

Co.,  1031 
Pearson  &  Cox,  774 
Pontelec  Welding  Patents,  811,  8.55 
Premier  Accumulator  To.,  1011 
Rangoon      Electiic     Tramway     and 

Suppiv  Co.,  668 
Rawlings  Bros.,  66,  392.  854 
Reading  Electric  Supply  Co.,  1031 
Reiorm  Lighting  Co.,  778 
Heyrollei  Co.,  1014 
Rhondda  Tramways  Co.,  1031 
St.  James'   and    Pall   Mall    Electric 

Light  Co.,  .568 
Salerno  Syndicate,  355 
SaKord  Electrical  Instruments,  66 
Secrett,  Aided  A.,  811 
Sheppey  Water  and  Lighting  Co.,  66 
Silent  Electric  Clock  Co.,  854 
South  London    Electric  Supply   Cor- 
poration,   146,    229,   tf92,  668, 
854,902 
„     btatfordshire  Tramways  (Lessee) 
Co.,  107 
Strode  A;  Co.,  311 
Hun  Electrical  Co.,  485 
Supplies  Construction  Co,,  485 
Hwitchgear  4  Cowans,  774 
Sykes  A  8uKden,311 
Telephone  Co.  o(  FIgypt,  38 
Titchtleld  &  District  Lighting,  28 
Traffic  Indicators,  855 
Transvaal  Hydraulic  Power  Syndicate, 

851 
Turner,  G.  H.,  &  Co.,  811 
Tyer  &  Co.,  817 

United  Electric  Car  Co.,  107,  311 
bberardising,  18,  66,  774 
Varley  Magnet  Co.,  810 


Official  Retuiins— confiniird. 
Venezuela  Telephone  and  Electrical 

Appliances  Co.,  107 
Veritys,  817 

Walsall  Electrical  Co.,  568 
Westinghouse  Cooper  Hewitt  Co.,  855 
White  Bros    &  Shaw,  38 
Works  Control,  392 
X.L.  Electric  Co.,  107,  310,  3i.5,  774 
Yorkshire  Waste  Heat  Co.,  28 

Oil-cooled  translormers.  The  (ormation 
o(  deposits  in,  by  Dr.  Michie,  912 
„    engine,  The  "  Paragon, "  42 
,,    engines  (or  electric  suppiv  stations. 

Gas  and,  by  A.  N.  Rye,  '739 
„    turbine,  .An,  267 
Osram  lamp  patents,  310 
Outside  lighting   of  shop;.  Arc  lamps 
for  the,  by  W.  Pennell,  '246 
„        the  "area  of  supply,"  Supply  to 
premises,  108 
Overhead  lines,  B.  of  T,  regulations  for, 

918 
Oxygen  and  hydrogen.  The  commercial 
production  of,  816 


PAINTING  oars  with  enamel  baked 
electrically,  641 
Paper,     Discharging   electricity    (rom, 

862 
Papers,  On  reading,  64 
"  Paragon  "cycle    internal  -combustion 
engine,  The,  61,  1020 
„  oil  engine.  The,  42 

Parallel  operation.  Some  factors  in,  by 

A.  R.  Everest,  466 
Paris  suburban    lines.  The  cIcctriBca- 
tion  of  the  State  Railway,  by 
A.  N.  Mazen,  927 
„      tramways.  Reorganisation  of,  748 
„      visit,   I.E.E.,  246,  611,  794,  861, 
S80,  924,  968,  1045 
Parisienne  de  Distribution  d'Electricitc, 

New  works  of  the  Cie.,  8'i7 
Parliament,  The  accession  of  electrical 
engineers  to,  921 
„  Two  new  Members  of,  911 

PABllAMENTAnV  — 

Admiralty  contracts,  144 

,.  electrical  engineer,  301 

Auckland  Park  Colliery  explosion,  65 
Brighton  Corporation  Bill,  792 
Central    London    Railway  Bill,  678, 

1059 
Cbesterneld  Corporation  Bill,  710,  792 
City  and  South  London  Railway,  673, 

1059 
Colinton  Tramways  Bill,  975 
Contracts  and  fair  wages,  991 
Coventry  Corporation  Bill,  593 
Dundee  Corporation  Bill,  593 
Electric  light  plant  contract.  527 

Lighting  Order  (No.  6)  Bill, 

930 
Lighting  Provisional  Order 
(No.  1)  Bill,  930 
Electricity  in  mines,  301 
Ely  Valley  Gas  and   Electricity  Bill, 

637 
Folkestone,     Hythe    and     Sandgate 

Hailless  Traction  Bill,  10)8 
Hastings  Tramways  Bill,  "717 
Heme   Bay  Gas  and  Electricity  Bill, 

673 
Hove  Corporation  Bill,  637 
Huddersfleld  Corporation  Bill,  1018 
"  Increased  Powers  '  Bill,  940 
Kent  Electric  Power  Bill,  792,  930 
L.C.C.  Greenwich  generating  station, 

030 
Leatherhead    and    district     electric 

lighting,  97d 
Leeds  Corporation  Bill,  637,  673 
Leicester  Corporation  Bill,  1017 
London    County  Council  Tramways, 
630,  !)30,  10.59 

„        Electric  Railway  Bill,  678 

Metropolitan      Electric      Tramways 

(Railless  Traction)  Bill, 

810, 1018 

Railway  Bill,  «36,  673 

Mexborough    and    Swinton     Railless 

Traction  Bill.  1017,  1059 
Morley  Corporation  Bill,  1018 
Nottingham    Corporation     Bill    and 

West  Bridgford  U.D.C.  Bill,  9Sl 
Parliament  and  War  Office  contracts, 

264 
Porthcawl   Gas  and  Electricity  Bill, 

792 
Post  Office  Electric  Lighting  Depart- 
ment, 144 
„    Office    {(iondoni    Railway    Bill, 
1018 
Private  Bills,  476 

Rhondda  Tramways    (Railless  Trac- 
tion) Bill,  791 
Richmond  iSurrey)  Electricity  Supply 

Bill.  673,  1018 
Safety  lamps,  fOS 

Sheffield  Corporation  Bill,  2S0,  264 
Southport  Corporation  Bill,  636,  792 
Tidworth  and  ItuKord  Camps  (electric 

installation),  18) 
Tramway  Provisional  Order  Bill,  930 
Trinidad  wheel  tax,  65 
Underground  tramways,  220 
West  Broinwich  Corporation  Bill,  975 
Westgate    and    Birchington  Gas  ami 

Electricity  Bill,  792 
Wimbledon  and  Sutton  Railway  Bill, 

717 
Wood  Green  electric  lighting  transfer, 

976 
York  Corporotion  Bill,  930 

Parraiter,    Hope    &    Bugdcn's    works, 

Manchester,  47!t 
Parsimony,  Municipal,  92M 
Partnerships,  Limited,  287 
Patent,  Amendment  of,  841 


Jri.y  I,  19i:{.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW— INDEX. 


p»tPiu  apiJiicfttiiJiiH,  an,  4(1),  067,  im, 

8N7,  UUl 
,,        cnnnH,  lOxiicrl  wltnenncii  in,  nil 
„        rovoontloii,  87,  76(1 
PalontH  oxplrliiK  in  1«18,  019,  (1(11,  10O7, 
1091 
rcHtorod,  178,  71!) 
Payment  for  conlrftct  woili,  451 

,,         on  accoiin),  Ui'i 
Purxoniil   (aotor  in  cnglnociInK,    Tlie, 

417 
Peru,  Bloctiioal  devolopment  in,  478 
Pctrcplelcrtrlc     motor  -  vohiclcR,      by 
J,  II.  O.  Drinioiseftu,  9(19 
„      electriu  ruilwuy  car  for  Welling- 
tun.  N.Z.,  (14 
Plmsc-adviincing,  On,  by  Dr.  G.  Kapp, 

7^4,  Hill 
Photogrnphs,  lOleotrical  transmission  of 

colour,  by  S.  M.  Powell,  4r>8 
Physical  Society,  281,  641,  74'.* 

Society  Kxhibition,  The,  11,  60 
Pipes,  FindlnK  lost,  1)(7 
Plant   in   iminiciiifti   electricity  works. 
Inventory  of,  by  "  Interested,"  71 
Platinum,  2»'2 

,,         tax,  Russian,  624 
"  Point  Five  "  publicity,  7(55 

„       I'-ives,"  The,  184,  927,  828,  802, 
91(1 
Poles,  The  juotoction  and  preservation 
of  standing  telegraph    and    tele- 
phone, 33,  Kl 
Poplar,  New  turbine  plant  at,  E85 
Po83ibilitieB  of  tidal  electricity  works, 

802 
Post  onice  and  telephone  subscribers. 
The,  878 
,,    Onice  engineers,  2J1 
„    Olhce  railway  scheme,  317 
Postal  electricians  in  Australia,  922 
Potash,  Manufacture  of,  33 
Potteries,  Electricity  supply  in  the,  603 
Power,  Advertising  electric,  886 

„       Economies  in  the  use  of  elec- 
tric, by  W.E.  Milns,  8i9 
„      -factor  indicators.  The   installa- 
tion of,  by  L.  Murphy,  420 
„       -factor   of    alternating- current 
systems.     The     design     of 
apparatus     for     improving 
tne,  by  Miles  Walker,  155 
„       Prices  charged  for  electric,  by 

S.  Simpjon.  961 
,,       station,  Birmingham's  proposed 

new,  789 
,,       station    of     Lienfos,     Norway, 

The,  223 
„       station.  The    Chelsea    railway, 

987 
,,       supply  on    the  Rand,    501 ;    by 
A.  E.  Hadley,  538,868 
Practical    notes    on    earthing   factory 

apparatus,  by  E-  P.  Austin,  457 
Precipitation,  Smoke  and  dust,  92 
Preservation  of  st.anding  telegraph  and 
telephone  poles.  The  protection 
and,  33,  657 
Prices  charged  for  electric  power,  by 
S.  6impson,  961 
,,       Reduction     in     German     wire 
lamp,  6C9, 1027 
Prime  movers  for  electric  power,    by 

S.  7,.  de  Ferranti,  1019 
Private  and  public  supply  systems.  Co- 
operation between,  505 
arrangements,  137,  213,  720, 7.'i7, 

8S7 
Bills,  Proposed  expenditure  on 
electrical  works  under,  61 
Procedure,  L.G.B.,  42 

PhOCEEDINGS  ok  SlH'IKTlES  ANll 

Institttions — 
Advancing,  Phase,  by  Dr.  G.  Kapp, 

784,  831 
Advertising     electricity,    by    H.    C. 

Palmer,  307 
American  electrical  installations,  by 

T.  Harding  Churton,  325 
Apparatus  for  improving  the  power 

factor  of  A.r.  systems.  The  design 

of,  by  Miles  Walker,  155 
Battery  in    connection  with   central 

station  supply.  The  use  of  a  large, 

byT.  H.  Whysall,  278 
Cables,  Colliery,  by  W.  T.  Anderson, 
619,  6.59 
,,        for  shafts  in  mines,  by  E.  K. 
Scott,  866 
Central  station  supply.  The  use  of  a 

large  lighting  battery  in  connec- 
tion with,  by  P.  H.  Whysall,  278 
Change  of  energy  loss  with  speed  in 

direct-current  machines.  The,  by 

W.  M.  Thornton,  88 
Clauses  for  street  lighting  specifica- 
tions. Standard,  by  A.  P.  Trotter, 

703,  742,  737,  632 
Colliery  cables,  by  W.  T.  Anderson, 

619,  659 
Colloids,     General      discussion     on 

(Faraday  Society),  741 
Condensing      plants.      Independent 

steam,  by  W.  A.  Dexter,  209 
Continuous-running    reversing    mill, 

A  new  form  of  electrically-driven 

two-high,  by  A.  Lamberton,  868 
Cooking  and  heating.  The  commercial 
aspect  of  electric,  bv  T.  P. 
Wilmshurst,  410 

„       Electric  heating  and,  by  T. 
Roles,  578 
Deposits  in  oil-cooled  transformers. 

The  formation  of,  by  Dr.  Michie, 

912 
Design   of    apparatus  for  improving 

the  power  factor  of  a.i.  systems, 

The,  by  Miles  Walker,  166 
Dinner,     Institution     of      Electrical 

Engineers'  annual,  281 
Direct-current  machines.  The  change 

of  energy  loss  with  speed  in,  by 

W.  M.  Thornton,  85 


'llOCKKDINnH     or     HOUIKTIKH    AND    iNHTr- 

TiirioHH    fdiitlniiKl, 
Earthnd    r',    uncart  hud    ncutraln    on 

aiturnating  ourrviil    Bystcma,    by 

J.H.  Peck,  78 
KconomioB  In   tlui   UHe  of   olrclrical 

power,  by  W.  K.  MlliiH.  829 
"Electric  Arc."  The,  by  W.  ».  Hird, 
409 

„  hupply  In  London,  by  Frank 

bailey,  861,701 

„  winding  ongineH,  by  A.  E. 

du  Pasriuior,  171 
Electrically  -  driven    two    high    cnn- 

tinuoun-ruDnlng    reversing    mill, 

A  new  form  of,  by  A.  I.amborton, 

BC8 
Electricity,    Advertising,    by    H.    C. 
Palmer,  867 
in  textile  mills,  911 
Energy    loss    with   speed    in  direct- 
current  machinou.The  change  of, 

by  W.  M.Thornton,  88 
Engines,    Internal    combustion,     by 

K.  Cox, 458 
Factors  in  parallel  operation,  Rome, 

by  A.  R.  Everest,  455 
Faraday  Hoclcty,  90,  741,  930 
Feeding  networks.  Tramway,  by  G.  S. 

aid  G.  R.  CunlilTe,  9,  75,  169 
Formation  of  deposits  in   oil-cooled 

transformers.  The,  by  Dr.  Michie, 

912 
Gas  turbine.  The  steam,  by  S.  Z.  de 

Ferranti,  154 
Heating    and    (booking.    Electric,  by 
T.  Roles,  578 
,,  The  commercial  aspect  of 

electric  cooking  and,  by 
T.  P.  Wilmshurst,  410 
Independent  steam  condensing  plants, 

by  W.  A.  Dexter,  209 
Induction  motors.  Starting  and  speed 

control  of,  by  F.  C.  Aklous,3i2 
Installations,  An^erican  electrical,  by 

T.  Harding  Churton,  325 
Institute  of  Metals,  The,  497 
Institution   of  Electrical    Engineers' 
Annual  Dinner,  281 
,,  of    Electrical    Engineers 

(Manchester     Section), 
Annual  Dinner,  413 
Internal   combustion   engines,  by  K. 

Cox, 453 
Lighting  battery  in  connection   with 

central-station  supply.  The  ufe  of 

a  large,  by  F.  H.  Whysall,  278 
London,  Electric  supply  in,  by  Frank 

Bailey,  661,701 
Magnet,  The  secret  of  the  permanent, 

by  Prof.  B.  P.  Thompson,  961 
Magnifying  feeble  signalling  currents. 

Some  methods  of,  by  8.  G.  Brown, 

324 
Manchester,  Recent  developments  in 

the   street   lighting  of,   by  S.   L. 

Pearce  and   H.   A.   RatclifT,   497, 

581,617,963 
Mills,  Electricity  in  textile,  911 
Mines,  Cables  for  shafts  in,  by  E.  K. 

-jcott,  366 
Modern  methods  of  electric  wiring,  by 

F.  Broadbent,  10 
Motors,  Starting  and  speed  control  of 

induction,  by  F.  C.  Aldous,  322 
Municipal       Tramway        Managers' 

.\nnual  Conference  at  Sunderland, 

1005 
Neutrals     on     alternating  -  current 

systems.   Earthed   r.    unearthed, 

by  J.  S.  Peck,  78 
Oil-cooled  transformers.  The  forma- 
tion of  deposits  in,  by  Dr.  Micbie, 

912 
Parallel  operation,  Some  factors  in, 

by  A.  K.  Everest,  455 
Phase  advancing,    by  Dr.   G.  Kapp, 

784,  831 
Physical  Society,  281,  541,  742 
"  Point  Fives,"  The,  828 
Power,  Economies  in  the  use  of  elec- 
tric, by  W.  E.  Milns,  829 
Power   factor  of    A.o,   systems.   The 
design    of    apparatus    for 
improving    the,    by    Miles 
Walker,  155 

,,        Prices  charged  for  electric, 
by  S.  Simpson,  961 

I,        sux^ply  on  the  Rand,  by  A.  E. 
Uadley,  531,  8f8 
Band,  Power  supply  on  the,  by  A.  E. 

Hadley,  538,  868 
Resistance  welding.  Electric,   by  P. 

Bucher,495 
Reversing  mill,  A  new  form  of  elec- 
trically    driven     two-high     con- 
tinuous running, by  A.  Lamberton, 

868 
Rfintgen  Society,  The  89,  541,  If  05 
Secret  of  the  permanentmagnet,  The, 

by  Prof.  B.  P.  Thompson,  U61 
Self-synchronising  machines,  by  Dr. 

E.  Rosenberg,  744 
Shafts  in  mines.  Cables  tor,  by  E.  K. 

Scott,  866 
Signalling  currents.  Some  methods  of 

magnifying     feeble,     by     S.      G. 

Brown,  324 
Speed   control   of  induction  motors. 

Starting  and,  by  F.  C.  Aldous,  322 
Standard  clauses  for  street  lighting 

specifications,  by  A.  P.  Trotter, 

703,  742,  787,  832 
Starting  and   speed  control  of  induc- 
tion motors,  by  F.  C.  Aldous,  322 
Steam-gas  turbine,  The,  by  8.  Z.  de 

Ferranti,  154 
Street  lighting  of  Manchester,  Recent 
developments  in  the,  by  S.  L. 
Pearce  and  H.  A.  Ratcliff, 
497,  581,  617,  968 
,,  lighting  specifications.  Stan- 
dard clauses  for,  by  A,  P, 
Trotter,  703,  742,  787,  832 


I'nOC  KXIilNOH     OV     HorlKTIKII    AMD     IltllTI- 
TITIHItH-IKhUllliril. 

Toxtilu  niillH,  Klectrlcitr  In,  911 
Tramway  (c-iMlIng  networki,  by  J.  O. 
and  It.  (I.  CunlilTo,  g,  76, 
169 
,,         Manager*'    Annual     (Jon- 
fercneit    nt   Hundorland, 
Muniripal,  1006 
Transformers,     Th"'      formation      of 
dcposllH     in    oil-coolcd,     by    fir. 
Michie,  aiU 
Tnrbino,  The  stoamgas,  by  S.  7..  de 

Ferranti,  164 
Turbo  converter.  The,  by  F.  Creedy, 

10 
(Inearthed   neutrals  on    alternating- 
current  Hystems,   Earthed  r.,  by 
J.  H.  Peck 
Welding,  Electric  resiBtancc,   bjr   P. 

Huchcr,  495 
Winding  engines.   Electric,   liy  A.  E, 

du  Pasquier,  171 
Wiring,  Modern  methods   ofckriric, 
by  F.  Broadbent,  10 

Producers,  Gas,  26 

Production  of    oxygen  and   hydrogen. 
The  commercial,  816 
,,  The  census  of,  84 

I'rcllt-sharing  and  the  workman,  358 
Profits  on   interuiban  tramways.  The 
l)Ossibilitics    of     increasing,    by 
E.  H.  Edv.arcles,  1012 
Progress  in  Sharghai,  Electrical,  329 
,,        of    three-phitse    traction     on 
railways,  by  "  Delta,"  999 

Prospectuses-  - 
African  Mica  Mines,  570 
Armstrong,  Sir  W.G.,Wbitworth  and 

Co.,  952 
Beardmore,  Wm.,  &  Co.,  9.52 
Brazilian  Traction,  Ligtt  and  Power 

Co.,  908 
British    Colambia   Electric    Railway 

Co.,  68 
City  of  Las  Palmas  Water  and  Power 

Co.,  908 
Clyde   Valley  Electrical    Power  Co., 

487 
Cuban  Telephone  Co.,  487 
Electrical  and  Industrial  Investment 

Co  ,732 
Hydraulic  Power  and  Smelting  Co., 

26!) 
Midland     Electric    Corporation    for 

Power  Distribution,  994 
Minas    Geraes    Electric    Light    and 

Tramways  Co.,  570 
Mississipi^i  River  Power  Co.,  529 
Nitrogen  Products  and  Carbide  Co., 

855 
Ruston,  Proctor  &  Co.,  1032 
Toronto  Power  Co.,  187 

Protection  and  preservation  of  standing 
telegraph   and  telephone 
poles.  The,  33 
„  from  X-rays,  267 

Provisional  Orders,  63 

Publicity,  "  Point-Five,"  765 

Pump,  The  Humphrey,  712 


"DADIATOR  lampholders,  416 

Radiophares  near  Brest,  467 
Radium  Institute,  The,  176 

treatment.  609 
Railway     car     for     Wellington,     N.Z., 
Petrol-electric,  64 
contracts,  London,  991 
„  conversion      scheme.      The 

Berlin,  3 
electrification  contracts,  Mel- 
bourne, 104,  767 
,.  electrification,  East  London, 

104 
,,  electrification     problems    in 

the  United  States,  by  H. 
Parodi,  1045 
electrification.  The  L.B.  and 
S.C,  176 

Railway  Notes— 
Argentina,  58,  561 
Australia,  58,  100,  260,  600,  848,  831 
Austria,  100,  830 
Bolivia,  297 
Brighton  Railway  electrification,  180, 

260 
Canada,  17,  601,  641 
Chile,  472,  561 
East  Kent,  891 

,,      London  Railway,  561 
France,  140,  343,  723,  804 
Germany,  58, 161, 260, 313,  383, 561,  601 , 

723 
Hammersmith,  100 
Hungary,  58 
India,  17,  384 
Italy,  S8,  100.  343.  473, 561 
Japan,  217,681,849 
Lanes,  and  Yorks.  electrical  lines,  58, 

601,  805 
Liverpool-Ormskirk  electric  railway, 

760 
London,  17,  58,181,217,298,343,514, 

681 
Margate,  17 
Midland  Railway  electrificaticn,  261, 

844 
Newcastlc-on-Tyne,  384 
North-Eastern  Railway  electrification 
schemes,  2ei 
..      Wales,  181 

Western    Railway    electrifica- 
tion, 261 
Norway,  SO.'i 

Piccadilly  Tube  collision  report,  181 
Railway  power  proposals,  18 
Russia,"  58,  297,  343,  435,  473,  661 
Saxony,  848 


ItAK.WAl    S<>tt»~rnnllnu„l. 
H.E.  ,V  C.lt.  cliM-tilllcatlon,  317 
Hw<-deii,  HOS 

Hwlt/.i-rland,  M,  'i»7,  348.  806 
Turkey,  IHO 

United  Hlalci,  60,  KM,  tf,3,  S91,  BOA 
L'ru|uay,  298 

Ualh/ayi-,' 

„  phana 

,,         'a  ...  1,...,^=. •;  phaiie, 

849 
Rainbow,  Tb>:  cndn  of  the,  &7:i 
Hand,  Klcctnoiiy  on  the,  V» 

Power   Hiipply   "n   thn,  by  A,  B. 
Hadlev,  Mil,  .',19,  6HH,  MH 
Rending  papi-rH,  On,  61 
Keclarnation  of  mar»he»,  Electricity  in 

the,  470 
Iteconstruotion  at  Bankside,  028 
Kngulatlonii,  Celloloid,  603 

„  lor  ovcrhca'l  linci,   B.  of 

T.,«18 
New  U-mrd  of  Trade,  HTJ 
Reliability  and    mainUining  the  con- 
tinuity of  supply.  The  meana  for 
securing,  by  II    U.  Bpurr,  462 
Report,    Marconi    contract:     Advisory 
Committees,  749,  753,  76«, 
1028 
to  the  Board  of  Trade  on  the 
Underwriters'  Laljoratorlea 
(Inc.),       ChicBgo,      by      C. 
Hamilton  Wickes,  31 
Reiearcb,  The  endowment  of,  1010 
Resistance     welding,    Electric,  by    P. 

Bucher,  495 
Restaurant,  New  electric,  728 

The   Brompton  and   Ken- 
sington Electric,  709 
Reversing  mill,  A  new  form  of  electri- 
cally driven  two-high  continuous- 
running,  by  A.  Lamberton,  8i'8 
Review  of  the  year  1912-1918,  1 


Reviews  — 

A. B.C.  Guide  to  Patents  and  Inven- 
tions, by  R   E.  Phillips,  624 
Annuaire  du  Bureau  des  Longitudes 
pour  I'Anm'e  1918,  255 
International    de   I'Acetj- 
line,  1912,  255 
Applied   Electrochemistry,  by  A.  J. 
Allmand,  956 
„        Electrochemistry,  by  M.  de 
Kav  Thompson,  465 
Arbitration    Clause    in    Engineering 
and  Building  Contracts,  The,  by 
E.  .J.  Rimmer,  255 
Aviation    Pocket-Brok    for    1913,    by 

R.  Borlase  Matthews,  637 
Bells,   Indicators,    Telephones,  Fire 
and  Burglar  Alarms,  by  J   B.Red- 
fern  and  J.  Savin,  1C81 
Chronitjue    Illustrie    du      Conconrs 
International      de     Tel^graphie 
Pratique,  677 
Common   Battery  Telephony  Simpli- 
fied, by  W.  Atkins,  429 
Design  of    F.lectrical  Machinery,  by 
W.  T.  Rvan,  428 
of  Polyphase  Generators  and 
Motors,,  by  H.  M.  Hobart, 
1039 
Deutscher  Kalender  Kir  Elektrotech- 

niker,  340 
Electric  Power  Transmission  by  Alu- 
minium Conductors,  254 
Wiring,  by  W.  C.  Clinton 
lO'zl 

Electrical  Injuries,  by  C.  A.  Lauffa 

74 

„  Tables    and    Memoran(] 

by  S.  P.  Thompson,  93 

Electricity  Made  Plain,  by  G.R.Ped 

111 
Electroplating,  by  W.  R.  Barclay  i 
C.  H.  Ainsworth,955  , 

Elektrizitiitsz:ihler,  Seine    Wirkil 
sweise,  Konstruction   und   Pj 
tische  Handhabung,  by   R. 
genberg,  e40 
Elementary  Course  of  Magnetisn 
Electricity,     by    ' 
Draper,  841 
Manual     on      AppJ 
Mechanics,  by  Prq 
Jamieson,  136 
Energy   Diagram  for  Gas,  by  1 

Burstall.  243 
Engineers'   Year-Book  of   Formulsr, 
Rules,  Tables,  Data,&c.,  for  1913, 
by  H.  R.  Kenipe.  2.55 
Examples  in  Applied  Electricity,  by 

G.  C.  Lamb,  75 
First  Book  on  Electricity  and  Mag- 
netism, by  W.  P.  Maycock,  6'24 
Foundations  "and  Machinery  Fixing, 

by  F.  H.  Davies,  840 
Hand'book  of  Wireless  Telegraphy,  by 

J.  Erskire  Murray,  956 
Handbuch  der  Elektrizitnt   und  des 
Magnetismus,  by  Dr.  L.  Graetz, 
1039 
Iron  and  Steel,  by  O.  F.  Hudson  and 

G.  D.  Bengough,  1084 
Japanese  Register  of  British  Trades, 

29) 
L'Annee     Electrique,    Electrothora- 
pique  et  Radiographique,  by  Dr.  F. 
de  Conrmelles,  255 
Law  of  Electric  Lighting,  Power  and 
Traction,  by    W.    hi.    Tyldesley- 
Jones,  840 
Life  Understood,  by  F.  L.  Rawson, 

112 
Lockwood's     Builder's      and      Con- 
tractor's Price  Book,  1913. 177 
JIagneto  and  Electric  Ignition,  by  W. 

Hibbert,  465 
Manual  for  the  Use  of  Fire  Brigades, 
481 


THE    ELECTRICAL     REVIEW— INDEX. 


[JULT  4,  1913. 


Reviews— i'ondnurrf. 
Manual  of  Wireless  TeleRraphy  and 

Telephony,  by  A  F.  Collins,  1061 
Mannel  Pratique    dc   Soudiire  Auto- 

giae,     by    R.    GranjoD    and    P. 

Hosonberg,  25S 
Measurement  o(  Induction  Shocks,  by 

E.  U.  Mariin,  ysti 
Metallurt;y    of    Iron    and    Steel,    by 

Seitiin  A  Primrose,  D55 
Motor  Manual.  li)13,  TM 
Poems,  by  t.  L.  lliil,  tiia 
Practical    Kleoiruians    Pocket-book 
and  Diary  (or  iyi3,  U 

„  Teiepluuie    Handbook,  by 

J.  Poole,  i-iii 
Practice  of  Electric  Wiring,  by  D.  8. 

Munro,  1039 
Primer  of  cicieatiflc  Management,  by 
Frank  U.  Oilbreth,  213 
„        on    the    Internal-Couibustion 
Engine,  by  H.  E.  Wimperis, 
46a 
Rc-cherches  sur  la  Commntation  dans 

les  Dynamos  i\  Courant  Cootinu, 

by  A.  Mauduit,  265 
Reid's     Hanfly    Colliery     Guide    for 

Wor;huiiiberlaiid,     Duruam     and 

Yorkshire,  978 
Russian  VeBr-Book,  1913,  136 
Bell's  Directory  of  Registered  Tele- 

graphic  Addresses,  256 
Simple    Klectric    Cookery,    by    May 

l^ittle,  HHo 
Studies  in   Kadioactivity,  by  W.  H. 

Bragg,  74 
T^li'grapuic    sans    Fil,    la    TtM<:'me- 

canique,  Jio.,  by  E.  Monier,  464, 

1061 
Til^graphie  sans  fils  pour  Tous,  by 

*'.  Duroquier, 957 
Text-book  oi  Applied  Mechanics,  by 

Prof.  A.  Jaujieson,  136 
Toll  Telephone  Practice,  by  J.  Theiss 

and  U.  A.  Joy,  10B4 
Cniyoisal  Electrical  Directory,  1918, 

Vapours  for  Heat  Engines,  by  W.  D. 

Ennis,  73 
Wilhngs  Press  Guide,  1913,  65 
Winding    Engines    and    Winding 
Appliances,    by    McCuUoch    and 
r  uiers,  464 
Wireless     Telegraphy,      by     H     T 
Davidge,  841 
„         Telegraphy  and  Telephony, 

by  W.  J.  White,  4V!9 
„         Telegraphy    (or    Amateuts, 
by  K.  p.  H.  Graham,  46i 

Rhodesia,  Electrolytic  copper  in,  266 
Rifle  League,   Electricity  Supply,  222. 

565,  89s,  ^2 
River  Plate,  136 
Romance,  A  dead-short,  768 
Rimtgen  Society,  The,  89,  541, 1055 
Royal  Engineers,  Kent  (Fortress),  555 

,,       Society  Conversazione,  798 
Rubber  gloves,  C.T.8.,  511 

..        The  position  of,  1010 
Rugby  Engineering  Society  Conversa- 
zione, 518 
„       School,  Automatic  time  signals 
at,  476 
Rules,  Breach  of  colliery,  476 

„       for  electrical  machinery.  Stand- 
ardisation, 870,  914 
„        Standardisation,  837 
Rural  districts.  Telephones  in,  159 
Russia,  Electrical  congress  in,  191 
.,        Industrial  projects  in,  477 
„  .      M«nu(acturing  in,  374,  390 
Rueeian  Far  East,  British  trade  in  the, 
707 


^AFETT  lamp  approved,  677 

„  lamp,  Miners',  363 

„  lamp.  Prize  competition  lor 

„  ,     .      .         a  miner's  electric,  566 
Salaries  m  municipal  undertakings,  585, 

School,  A  Marconi  training,  507 

Scott  &  Mountain's  works  purchased, 

Messrs.  Ernest,  186 
Scottish  dejiression,  887 
Secret  of  the  permanent  magnet.  The, 
„  „    .*»?  1'"°'-  S.  P.  Thompson,  961 
Beil-starting  synchronous  motors,  e05 
„    synchronising  machines,  by  Dr.  E. 
Rosenberg,  744 
Semi -direct     ana     indirect     lighting. 
Relative    eniciency    and    advan- 
tages of  direct,  by  L.  Crouch,  493 
Sentences,  87,  139 
Services,     The     cost     of     honse,     by 

"  Improver,"  590 
Settlement  of  trade  disputes.  The,  285 
Shafts  in  mines.  Cables   for,  by  E.  K. 

Scott,  .'ifi6 
Shanghai,   Electrical  progress   in,  829, 

BhcfBeld,  Exhibitions  at  Qlasgow  and, 

687 
Shock,  Treatment  after  electric,  221 
Shocks  for  snakf  s,  105 
Shooting  match  on  the  life   target,  A 

novel,  h:,2 
Shop*  Act,  The,  432 

„     Arc  lamps  for  the  outside  lighting 
of,  by  W.  Fcnnell,  248 
Showroom.  Thf  electricity,  by  "  Atten- 
dant," 1004 
Showrooms,  Kdmundson's,  257 
Siberia,  A   britieh  trade  proposal   (or, 

710 
Sign,  A  large  American,  768 
Signalling  currents.  Some  methods  of 
magnKying  feeble,  by  S.  O. 
Brown,  3/4 
thnnderstorms.  An  apparetaa 
for,  276 


Single-phase  locomotive,  New  type  of, 
193 
„     -phase  railways,  Two  European, 

349 
„    -phase  traction,   by  M.  Latour, 
926 
Situations,       Applications      for,     by 

••  Whi<itlctleld,'321 
Blander  action.  The  Aberdeen,  567 
Smelting  in  Norway,  Iron,  747 

,,         of  copper  ore,  The  electrical, 
309 
of  iron  ore.  The  electric,  890 
Smoke  abatement,  626,  650 

„      and  dust  precipitation,  98 
Snakes,  Shocks  (or,  105 
Socials,  Annual,  8C3,  389,  439,  478,  665, 

610 
Sounder  in  submarine  telegraphy,  The, 

by  E.  Raymond-Barker,  337 
South  Africa,  Trade  statistics  o(,  783 
„      African  mines.  Electrical  equip- 
ments (or,  913 
„      America,  5^7 
Spain,  187 

Electrical  exhibition  in,  976 
„       Electricity  in,  25 
„       Export  trade  to,  419 
,.      Trade  statistics  of,  449 
Sparks,  Wireless  telegraphy  without.  111 
Specifications,  International,  245 

„  Standard      clauses     for 

street       lighting,       liv 
A.  P.  Trotter,  703,  742, 
787,  833 
Speed    control    of    induction    motors. 
Starting  and,  by  F.  C.  Aldous,  322 
Sperry  gyro  compass.  The,  942 
Spirit,  English  made  motor,  104 
Standaid    clauses    for    street    lighting 
specifications,  by  A.   P.   Trotter, 
708,  742,  787,  833 
Standardisation,    Electrical    apparatus 
and,      by      W.     A. 
Toppin,  306 
„  of  electrical  appara- 

tus, 287 
„  rules     for     electrical 

machinery,  837,  870, 
914 
Starting  and  speed  control  of  induction 

motors,  by  F.  C.  Aldous,  322 
State  and  the  engineer,  502 
„     co-operation  with    private  enter- 
prise, 879 
Station  Engineers,  Association  of  Elec 
trical,  144    ^87,  439,  478,  518,  666, 
611,  689,  728,  991,  1029 
Stealing,  Alleged,  650 
Steam-gas  turbine,  The,   by  S.   Z.   de 
Ferranti,  154 
„      plant  efficiencies.  Increasing,  by 

E.  Ingham,  4 
„      raising  extraordinary,  462 
,,      Users'    Association,    The    Man- 
chester, 879 
Steamer  driven  by  electricity,  Turbine, 

895 
Steel,  French  electrical,  684 

„      works.  Crane  plant  of  an  Italian, 
by  Dr.  A.  Gradenwitz,  480 
Steering  gear,  Electric,  918 
Sterilisation  with  the    mercury-vapour 

lamp,  622 
Sterilising    mercnry-vspour    lamp,     A 

powerful,  388 
Storage  in  electricity  supply,  247 
Stor-ns  and  telephones,  7"27 
Stoves,  Canadian  tariffs  en  electric,  1003 

„        for  Canada,  Electric,  527 
Street  lamps.  Remote  control  of,  267 
„      lighting,  461 

„      lighting  of   Manchester,   Recent 
developments  in   the,  by  S.  L. 
Pearce  and  H.  A.  Ratcliff,  497, 
581,  617,  963 
„      lighting  specifications.  Standard 
clauses  for,  bv  A.  P.   Trotter, 
703,  742,  787,  832 
„      lights.  Distinctive,  894 
Strike  at  Aberdeen,  Proposed,  477 
„      at  Barrow,  518 
„      at  Leeds,  The,  1027 
„      Bradford,  25,  402,  885 
„      Leicester,  896 
„      settlement     (Evershed     &     Vig- 

noles),  t81  ;  (O.E.  Co.),  1021 
„      trouble  at  Manchester,  893 
Strikes,  294,  439,  707,  752,  896,  940,  992 
Strip,  New  vulcanised  bitumen,  14 
Stuart     Street     Station,    Manchester, 

Recent  developments  at,  1071 
Submarine  telegraphy.  The  sounder  in, 
by    E.    Raj-mond-Barker, 
887 
„  transmission,  419 

Submarines,  Accumulators  for,  40 
Sun  power,  lO.W 
Sunday  labour,  861 
Superannuation     Fund,     The     British 

Electrical,  122 
Supply  stations,  Gas  and  oil  engines  (or 
electric,  by  A.  N.  Rye,  739 
„        systems.  Co-operation  between 

private  and  public,  £05 
„        The  means  for  securing  reliabi- 
lity    and     maintaining      the 
continuity  of,  by  R.  D.  Sporr, 
462 
„       to  premises  situate  outside  the 
"  area  of  supply,"  408 
Twenty  years  of  electricity,  625 
Surrender  Its  powers?    Can  a  lighting 

authority,  96 
Sweden,  294 

Exhibition  in,  298 
Swiss  absorption,  A,  981 
Switches,  The  mechanical  design  of,  by 

A.  R.  C.  Jcnks,  668 
Switzerland,  Electrical  trade  in,  438 
Exhibition  in,  649 
,,  Export  statistics  of,  542 

„  Import  trade  statistics  of 

700 


Synchronising  turret  clocks,  916 
Synchronous  motors,  SeK-starting,  805 


fflARGET,  A  novel  shooting  match  on 

JL      the  lite,  852 

Targets.  Life,  439,  650 

Tariffs  on  electrical  goods.  Foreign  and 
Colonial,  80,  I'iO,  203,  283.  41i,  543, 
583,  708,  747,  885,  919,  1007,  1047 

Taxes  on  electric  motor  vehicles. 
Annual,  105 

Telegraph  and  telephone  poles,  Preser- 
vation and  protection  ol  standing, 
667 

TELEOBAni  Notes — 
American  Marconi  shares,  891 
Argentina,  1005 

Atlantic  cable  combine.  The,  141 
Australia,  101,  217,  261,  298,  514,701, 

891,983,  1065 
Bedstead  antenna.  A,  983 
Brazil,  59,  473,  617,  681,  938 
British  wireless  stations,  662 
Cables  and  trawlers,  983 
Canada,  385,  If  25, 1065 
Chile,  681 
China,  885,  988 
Crete,  761 

Damaged  P.  &  0.  liner.  The,  18 
Direct  cable  to  Canada,  642 
Dutch  East  Indies,  1025 
Fessenden  radio  station  in  Brooklyn, 

New,  435 
Formosa,  983 
France,  141,  298,562 
German  wireless  patent  rights,  101 
Germany,  181 
Greece,  937 
Hong  Kong,  261 

Ice  dangers  in  the  Atlantic,  261 
Imperial    wireless    system.  The,  59, 
101, 141,  161,  217,  261,  2-'8,  344,  885, 
478,515,562,602,647,  081,724,761, 
806,  F91,  937,  983 
India,  615 

International   Radiotelegraphic  Con- 
vention, 385 
„  Wireless        Telegraph 

Co.,  761 
Japan,  18,  59, 262 
Libel  action,  891,  937,983 
Long-distance  wireless,  807 
Marconi  agreement.  The,  18 

,,        wireless  patents  in  France, 
18 
Mexico,  102 
New  cable,  734 
„     cable    for    Central    and    South 
American  Telegraph  Co-,  849 
„     wireless  stations,  385 
„      Zealand,  344,  891 
Norway,  102,  141,  262,  937, 1065 
Persia,  69 
Peru,  102,  385 
Post  Office  progress,  725 
,,    Office  telegraphs  and  telephones, 
473 
Poulsen  contracts,  891 

,,        system      o(     wire'ess     tele- 
graphy, 761,  806 
Reduced  telegraph  charges,  18 
Scotti.sh  telegraphs,  141 
Siemens     quenched  -  spark    wireless 

telegraph  system,  The,  891 
Sounder    in    submarine     telegraphy, 

The,  298 
South  Africa,  1025 
Storms,  The  recent,  102, 141 
Submarine  bells,  725 
Suffragette  outrages,  262,  844 
Sweden,  473 

Telegraph  service.  The,  761 
Time  service,  725 
Trans-Atlantic  wireless,  18,  844,  474 

,,     -Pacific  wireless,  299 
Underground  telegraph    cables,   102, 

2(i3 
United  States,  102,  299,  642,  1065 
Venezuela,  60 
'Wiieless  alarm,  602 

„        and  the  aurora,  632 

„        antennsB  at  ground  level,  486 

in  the  Antarctic,  217,  849 
„        map  of  the  world,  642 
„        on  board  ship,  102 
„        service     between    Germany 
and  America,  937 
telegraphy,  141 
time  service,  385 
Wirtlrnii  World,  886 

Telegraphy,  The  sounder  in  submarine, 

by  E.  Raymond-Barker,  837 
Telephone  award,  The,  81 

,,  exchanges.  The  application 

of  mechanical  devices  to 
the  manual  operation  of, 
by  W.  Slingo,  1016 

Telephone  Notes — 
Aids  for  deafness,  602 
Anglo-Dutch  telephone,  891 
Argeniina,  1026 
Australia.  217,  602,  f83 
Blind  telephone  operators,  761 
Canada,  298,  473 
Constantinople,  681 
Crete,  761 
Durban,  485 
France, 69, 1025 
Franco-British  telephone,  891 
Glasgow,  298 
Greece,  987 
Hull,  298 
India.  761 
Italy,  '-62,  473 
Japan, 806 

Large  telephone  cable,  A,  724 
Loaded  telephone  lines,  937 
London,  24,761 

-Berlin  telephony,  886 

nre  alarms,  761 


Telephone  Notes— confinufd. 
London-Paris  telephone,  18 
Long-distance  telephony,  844 
New  Zealand,  69, 814 
Norway.  1K2 
Nose  telephone,  987 
P.O.  telephone  staff,  60 

„    telephones  and  telegraphs,  473 
Rural  telephones,  662,  612 
Russia,  182 
South  Africa,  59 
Spain,  18 

Telephone  cable  from  Dublin  to  Holy- 
bead,  987 
call  offices,  112 
„         electrical  staff,  682 

employ<''B,  515 
„         on  board  ship,  299 

progrets  in  Europe,  725 
„         rates,  806 

service.  The,  174,  1025 
1,         transfer.  2  2,  .W:',  C02 
Telephonic  commiinicaiion    between 
Vienna  and  Dalmatia, 
701 
„  control  of  trains,  217 

Telephony  in  Mines,  305 
Thefts  from  call-boxes,  552 
United  Siates,  56'i 
Wireless  telephony,  647,  887, 1025 

Telephone     problem,    An     interesting 
Colonial,  92 
„  service.  Failure  of  the,  896 

subscribers.  The  Post  Office 
and, 878 
„  system.      The      Betulander 

automatic.  813 
„  wires  ai  d  tramways,  83 

Telephones,  British  Antarctic  Expedi- 
tion, •2'-8 
„  in  rural  districts,  169 

Storms  and,  727 
Telephony  in  mines.  Wireless,  553 
Tender,  The  lowest,  275 
Tenders,  Mistakes  in,  164 
Terms,  More  new,  309 
Terrestrial  magnetism.  10(0 
Testing  station.  The  British  Fire  Pre- 
vention Committee's,  890 
„       Worm  gear,  1003 
Tests,  Ebonite,  913 
„      Lamp,  380 

„      on  mains,   A   method  of  taking 
load,  by  J.  B.  Morgan,  506 
Textile  mills.  Electricity  in,  911 
Thames  Ironworks,  145,  896 
Three-phase  traction  on  railways,  The 
progress  of,  by  "Delta,"  i)99 
„    -phase  variable-speed  *.c.  motors. 
Control  of,  151 
Thunderstorms,  An  apparatus  (or  sig- 
nalling, 275 
Tidal     electricity    works.    The    possi- 
bilities of  a,  802 
Time  Conference,  International,  68 
„      signals  at    Rugby  School,    Auto- 
matic, 476 
Traction,     High  -  tension     continuous- 
current,     by    M.    Gratz- 
muller,  883 
„         Maintenance   costs    of    elec- 
tric, 663 
„         Single-phase,  by  M.  Latour, 
926 
Trade,  Austria's  foreign,  371 
boom.  The,  118 
„       disputes.  The  settlement  of,  285 
„       expansion,  Exhibitiona  and,  666 
„       in  April,  Foreign,  794 
„       in  Argentina,  British,  517 
„       in  British  Guiana,  844 

in  January,  Foreign,  366 
„       in  March,  Foreign,  609 
„      in  May,  Foreign,  891 
„       in  Switzerland,  Electrical,  428 
„      in  the  Russian  Far  East,  British 

707 
„      in  1912,  56 

„       openings  at  Smyrna,  1069 
„      proposal  for  Siberia,  A  Britith, 
710 
statistics  of  Australia,  .37 
statistics  of  British  India,  117 
,.       statistics  cf  Egypt,  lflC4 

statistics  of  Holland,  493 
„       statistics  o{  South  Africa,  783 
,,       statistics  of  Spain,  449 
„       statistics    of    Switzerland,    Im- 
port, 700 
„       The  Government  and,  798 
,,       Universities  and,  205 
Trades  Union,  Electrical,  105 
Train  lighting  and  burning,  B 

„     lighting  dynamo.    The    Carleon, 

649 
,,     lighting.  Electricity  for,  ?6 
Tramcar  gears,  1H4 

„        motors.  Some  difficulties  with, 

607 
„        New  types  of.  468 
Tramway  accidents,  8.S6 

„         oompaniesand  their  employes, 

Australian,  198,  '292,  h68 
,,         curves,  by  A.  J.  Bousfield,  712 
,,         feeding  networks,  by  J.  G.  and 

B.  G.  Cunliffo,  9,  76,  169 
„         labour  conditions  in  Australia, 

286 
,,         Managers' Annual  Conference 
at  Sunderland,    Municipal, 
10J4 

Tbimwav  Notes— 
Aberdeen,  760,  801,  935,  982, 1C64 
Abertillery,  360 
Accrington,  888,  760, 985 
Airdrio,  728 

Aldershot  and  Farnborough,  804 
Argentina,  17,  297,  848,  1024 
Ashton-undcrLyne,  728,  848 
Australia,  297,  600.  7'A  949 
Austria,  140,  216, 1061 
Baoup,  888 


Jui-Y  I,  i9i;i.] 


THE  ELECTRICAL  REVIEW— INDEX. 


Tbamwav  Noirs    cunlinuril. 
Ilurking,  841 
Ilitrnoldiiwirk,  HUO 
lliiriiHloy.  mi 
Hartoii-uixiii'Irwoll,  6H 
Kiilloy,  'JIIU 

Ui^lfubC,  17,  Slli,  7V0,  Wi 
llolKiiiiK,  17,  OUl 
Uexloy,  liOO 

IlinuK  y,  •2»7,  614,  CCO,  7110,  UllB 
llirki  iihoari.UI^'i 
liiiJiMiiKliiiiM,   100,  M4,   COO,  (HO,  7'iil, 

Mil,  Mill,  iwn,  lUti4 

Illack  CIouiiliv,  t04,  18!! 

Hlai'kl)iiiD,  ()H0 

Ulaukpool,  HO,  21fi,  614,  Mil,  Ta.  700, 

«a5 
Holton,  'ifiO,  514,  760,  «04 

JiOHllill,  100 

Bdui'ik  nioiilli,  140,  2U0,  COO,  (ill,  B04 
Boyloii  Hiid  Cioinpton,  SCO 
Bmdfoid,  Uu,   180,  26P,  237,  388,  484, 

47J.  ril4,(iUl,848,  93i,  1' 04 
DriKliouse, '.  115 
BriKhton,  210,  217 
Bristol,  58.  21)0,'  287 
Burleyin-Wlmrfedale,  4;i4 
Huinley,  17,  ySJ,  001,  801, 182 
Bury,  17,  r.l4,  W'l,  (JSO,  700,  t04 
Canibeiwell,  001 
Citnada,  31!) 
Canary  Islands,  100 
Cannock,  216 

CarditT,  17,  'J'JS.  431,  fi42,  890 
ChesteiPcld,  17,  180,  1024 
Cliilo,  1001 
Clayton-le-Moors,  68 
Colne,  100 

OonifiborouRh,  17,  890 
Croydon,  140,  200,  883,  484,  985,  982 
Cuba.  58 
Dalkeitb,  723 
Darwen,  835 
Davybuline,  935 

Dewe-bury,  17,  200,  434,  CM,  760,  982 
Doncaslcr,  2t0,  431,511,  0.1,042,180, 

7(0,  805 
Douglas,  473,  848 
Dover,  9^2,  1001 
Dublin,  383 
Dnmbarton,434,  1024 
Dundee,  140,  297,  434.  501,  818,890 
Dunfeimlino,  473,  805,  1021 
Dutch  East  Indies,  298 
Ealing,  10t5 
East  Ham,  iro,  180,  343,  890 

„      Kent,  891 
Eccl'  s,  58 
Edinburgh,  216,  343,  434,  473,  514,  642, 

805,  818,  935,  1024,  1065 
Egvpt.  818 
Elland,  CSO 
Exeter,  891 
Farnborougb,  1024 
Folkeftone,  ISO,  261 
Prance,  58,  723,  1004 
Gateshead.  f.08 
Geimany,  804,  1004 
Glasgow,   17,    ICO,    140,   216,   261,  S8?, 

514.  723,  930,  982,  1005 
Goldthorpe,  217 
Gower,  473 
Gt.  Yaimouth,  298 
Greece,  1004 
Greenock,  S35 
Greetland,  805 
Hackney,  261,601 

Halifax,  17,  f8,  180,  298,  561,  601,  721 
Hastings,  201,  434,  601 
Hertfcrd,  217 
Heywood.  H81,  895 
Holcombe  Brook,  891 
Hclland,  297,  1001 
Holmtbridge,  17 
Holywell,  110 
Hong-Kong,  313 
Hove,  473,  982 
Huddersfield,  17, 100,343,384,681,  806, 

935 


TliAHU'AV  Si>rtn—r(inHnur(l, 
Hull,  100,  514,  642 
ilurnt,  U35 

Hytho  (Kent),  181.217 
Ilford,  2118,  I7U,  tl4U,  1024 
Irlam.UO 
iHl'iigtun,  140 
Italy,  58,  601,  72)1,  848,  1004 
Japan,  (IKl 
Jarrow,  7(>0 
Keigbl.y,  724,700,891 
Kirkcaldy,  982 
Lanuastor,  384 
Lco<Ih,  100,  181,846,384,514,001,681, 

805,  930,  982 
IjciuoHti  r,  511,  042 
liOitb,  140,  8<)1 
Liowisham,  100 
Ijoyton,  884 

biitle  llulton,  891,  1024 
Liverpool,   68,  100,    141,  88J,  514,561, 

980,  982 
Llandudno,  !I84 
Loudon,   100,    140,   181,  848,  431.  473, 

601.  642, 081,  724,  760,  805,  8)9,  l>86, 

1024,  U'65 
Luton,  1-49,  891 
Manchester,  58,  201,  435,  601,  612,  724, 

760,  805,  891 
Matlock,  141 
Mcrthyr,  601,  681 
Mcxborough,  100,  844 
Middlesex  C.C.   and    its  passengers, 

562 
Milnrow,849 
Morecambe,  434 
Morley,  473 

Nelson,  58,  601,  642,  724,805 
Newcastle  on-Tyne,  217,  !i44,  724,  761, 

936 
Newp'^rl  (Mon.),261,  601,  805 
New  Zealand,  141 
Northampton,  217 
Nottingham,  761,  936 
Oldbury,  1024 
Oldham,  141,298,  502 
Oxford,  201 
Paisley,  1005 
Persia,  181 

Plymouth,  344,  562,  681,  849,  936 
Poland,  1064 
Preston, 061 
Quinton,  384 
Radcliffe,  681 
Ramsbottom,  473 
Rawtenstall,  721 
Rochdale,  18,  435,  081 ,  805 
Rotherham,  58,805,891 
Russia,  17,  'XO,  760,  801,  1064 
St.  Mellons,  081 

Salford,  217,  298,  381,  435,  724,  936 
Sandgate,  217 
Scarborough,  917,  1024 
Sheffield,  69,  100,  141,  261,  473,  983 
Shoreham-bySea,  1()0 
Siam,  59 
Siberia,  181 
Silsden.  435 

South  Africa,  59,  E84,  435,  511 
„      Lancashire,  100,  261 
„      Shields,  261,  334,  435,  601,805, 
936,  983 
Southampton,  18,  181,  473,  819 
Southend-on-Sea,  891 
Southport,  141,298,  314 
Spain,  100,804,  1064 
Stalybridge,  662 
Stepney,  642 
Stirling,  IS,  181,  344 
Stockport,  100,  181,  261,  435 
Stretlord,  435 
Sunderland,  217,  937 
Swaneea,  18,  601,  761,  805,  891 
Sweden,  1004 
Switzerland,  1064 
Tasmania,  384 
Tipton,  344 
Todmorden,  18,  381 
Toi  quay,  lOP,  983 


TiUMWAV  tioTKH—enntlnunt, 
Tynoinouth,  2U8,  MV,  1020 
l'.H.A.,72i 
Waki-Mold,  H06 
Wallnxey,  (11,  £01 
>ValHaM,  2'>l,  135 
WalthamHtow,  IHI,  9b7,  1006 
WftrrlnKlon,  M,  800 
Wath,  511,  (X)l 
West  Hani,  435 

„       Hartlipool,261,937 

„      8uiiiicx,H9I 
Wbickham,  10  5 
Whitby,  141 
Wik'an,601,HOO,  1065 
WihI.aw,  819 

WolvcrhamptOD,  435  989, 
Wood  Orcen,  Ibl 
Woolwich,  181 
Worsley,  298 
York,  681 

Tramway  routes,  The  numboriog  of,  13 

„         statistics,  British.  144 
Tramways  and  Light  UsilwayH  AsBocia- 
tion's    Annual    Congress, 
1011,1051 
„  Reorganisation  of  Paris,  748 

„  report,  L.C.C.,  1049 

„  Telephone  wires  and,  83 

,,  The     ptHsibilities     of     in- 

creasing profits  on  inter- 
urban,       by       E.       B. 
Edwarlcs,  1012 
Transformers,  Formation  of  deposits  in 

oil-cooled,  by  Dr.  Michie,  912 
Transmission    of    colour   photographs, 
Electrical,     by    B.    M, 
Powell,  458 
„  of    electrical    energy  by 

continuous  current  on 
the  series  system,   by 
J.  S.  HighHeld,  1047 
„  Submarine,  419 

„  The      proposed      Troll- 

fa  a  1 1  a  n  -  Copenhagen, 
449 
TranE-mutation  of  matter,  267 
Transpoit    Conference,    The    Imperial 

Motor,  623 
Treatment  after  electric  shock,  221 
Trial    of    an    electrical    delivery    van, 
R.A.C.,  63,  438 
„      The    Dumfries-London    electiic 
vehicle,  992  . 
Tricity  House,  64,  87 
TroUhattan-Copenhagen    transmission, 
The  proposed,  449 
„  The  electricity  works    of, 

643,  085 
Turgsten  lamps,  Experiments  on,  894 
Tunnel  gases,  Ekctric  arcs  to  ignite,  465 
Turbine,  An  oil,  267 

„        contract.   The  Johannesburg, 

78,  116 
„         plant  at  Pcplar,  New,  988 
„         repairs,  L.C.C.,  221 
„         steamer  driven  by  electricity, 

895 
„         The  Corchesy  steam,  221 
„         The  Eytrmann  steam,  40 
,.         The   Ferranti  steam-gas,  122, 
154 
Tuibo-altetnators,   Large  Continental, 
348 
„     -converter.  The,  by  F.  Creedy,  10 
„     -dynamo.  Explosion  of  a,  088 
Turkey,  Striking  companies  in,  f03 
,,        The  coming  position  in,  750 
Twenty  years  of  electricity  supply,  C25 

UNDERGROUND  cable  installation, 
A  00,000  volt,  413 
Undtrwriters  and  Canadian  trade.  The 
American,  2 
„  Laboratories    (Inc.), 

Chicago.  Report  to  the 
Board  of  Trade  on  the, 
by  0.  Hamilton  Wickes, 
34 


Uneartbod  aeolrali  on  a'tAmatloi- 
currenl  nynU'iiit,  Kstthcd  r.,  Ly 
J.  H.  I'l-.  k.  7-4 

Unlllow.-iiKinin.  2fl 

tnile<l  mai.m.  Hallway  •lectrHlcation 
probleini   In   lh«.  by    H.   P„odl. 

Unlli,  abbrerlatlons  and  tymbols,  Sew, 

Univeriiiti>!ii  and  trtdi^.aoc 
Univcmlty  Coll.  t;o  htii.l.-ntf  dinntr   106 
..=  1'     ..,     "',""">-' '<''"K.*<T.  1040 
b.B.A.,  Klcctrical  ii,diiU,i<-.  m  the,  ltf7 


VEHICLE    and     the    M.E.A.,    Th« 
elictric,  710 
B.otnlng     th<^    electric 

motor,  1008 
opdration,  Tho    coit  of 
electric,  26 
,.,,••      .    ,     I' •'»>«»  in  England, »« 
\  eludes,  A   large    older  for  el.-onical 

motor,  72H 
Ventilation    of    electrical     machinery, 
air-nitration,  ccoling  and,   by  J. 
Christie,  1088 
Victorian   Railway  electrillcatfon,   104 

767 
Villages,   Th.    electric  ligliiirg  of,  41, 

„        The    electiic  ligh'ing  of,   by 
W.  T.  Wardale,  43 


WAGES  iLDd    conditions    at   Aber- 
deen. 657 
„  and    holidays    in    central 

statirns,  by  J.   8.   Ains- 
woith.  3(54 
,.  during  sicknei  s,  707 

„  Electrical  workers'  766 

in  Belfa.st,  Electrical,  847 
L.C.C.      and        electrical 
workers'  hours  and,  3S8 
Wagons,  Cost  of  operating  electiic,  38S 
Walking  race,  809 
Water  divination,  717 

„     -tube  boilers  in  Canada,  811 
Welding,    Electric     resistance,    bv    P. 

Bucher,  495 
Westinghouse  Club,  The  new,  302 
Wholesale  Traders'  .-issociation,  353 
Wills,  27,  1C3, 144,  £61,  947,  1174 
Winding  engines.  Electric,  by  A.  E.  du 

Pasquier,  171 
Wire  breaks.  When  a  highvollagp,  894 
Wireltss,  Bridging  Australia  by.  by  Dr. 
Alfred  Gradenwitz,19 
„        detectors,  New,  450 

telegraphy,  Australian,  1.59 
„        te'egiaphy  without  sparks.  Ill 
,,        telephony  in  mines,  553 
Wires  and  tramways.  Telephone,  8* 
Wiring,  Guarantted,  967 

„        Modern   methods  of    electric, 
by  F.  Broadbent,  10 
system.  The  "Yorke,"  811 
Witness,  The  expert  ard  the,  390 
Witnesses  in  America,  Expert,  %7 
Woodworking  yard.  The  electric  drive 

in  the,  125 
Workers,  Meeting  of  London  electrical 

and  other,  1(91 
Works  of  Messrs.  Eckstein,  Heap  and 
Co.,  The  new,  308 
„       of  the  Cie.  Parisienne  de  Distri- 
bution d'Electricite,  827 
Worm-gear  testing,  1003 


X 


RAYS,  Protection  from,  267 


A^EAR  1912-1913,  Review  of  the,  1 
"Yorke"  wiring  system.  The,  811 


INDEX    TO    PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS    OF 

PATENTS. 


1911. 

J., 

('20,208),  80 


A  RON,   L,   J.,  and    C.   E.   Harrison 


BRITISH  Thomson-Houston  Co.  and 
E.  B.  Wedmore  (28,808),  708 
Brown,  Boveri,  Akt.-Ges.  &  Co.  (28,486), 
120 
„       H.G.,  and  Westinghouse  Brake 
Co.  (27,275),  40 
S.  G.  ('27,953),  460 
Browne,    J.    W.,  and    C.    P.    Grundy 
(27,007),  40 


CHLORIDE    Electrical  Storage  Co, 
and  R.  Rankin  (28,913),  80 
Clark,  W.  (29,318).  40 
Cowcher,  G.  ('^9,326),  120 


DAALEN,    H.    B.    van,  and    H.   P. 
Schreiher  (24,122),  792 
Dickie,  G.  A.  (29,331),  204 
Diuseidt,  P.  (28,942),  328 


EDMUNDSON'8  Electricity  Corpora- 
tion, J.  S.  Highfleld  and  F.  E. 
Grii^per  (29,309),  160 


/-~1  IBSON,  V.  C.  H.  (-28,837),  160 

Gripper,  F.  E.,Edmundson's  Electricity 
Corporation  and  J.  S.  Highfield 
129,309),  160 

Grundy.  C.  P.,  and  J.  W,  Browne 
('27,007),  40 


HACKETT,    Tj.     a.,    and     E.     W. 
Whattam  (28,899),  204 
Hacking,  R.  (27,974),  920 
Harris,  H.  K.  (27,7^3),  876 
Har.ison,  C.  E.,  and  L.  J,  Aron  (20,368), 


Highfleld,  J.  3.,  F.  E.  Oripper  and 
Edmondson's  Electricity  Corpora- 
tion (-28,309),  160 

Howland-Shearman,  C.  H.  (37,623),  40 


JOHNSON,  A.  T.  M.,  F.  H.  Varley, 
Micbaeiis,  Power,  and  Johnson 
Secret  Wireless  Telegraph  and 
Telephone  Testing  Syndicate 
(22,079),  241 


K 


ALLMANN,  M.  ('28,169),  120 


xn 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW— INDEX. 


[Jli.t  i,  1913. 


*^"°'?i  ir'  ^  '^"siUon,  and  M.  G.  Diaz 


J^ECOCHE.U.  L.  i38,766.>,  1018 
Leitner,  H.  (28,817),  328 


M 


ANN,  J.  (28,135),  32S 


Marino,  P.  (21,5<i2),  40 
Marks,  E.  C.  R.  (ay,lT8),  748 
M»scord,  G.  W.  rit;,86ll,  fSl 
Matthews,  W„  F.  F.  Pershke  and  E.  H 

Rudd  (27,aj;i),  40 
Mollett,  J.  N.  rJ8,462),  323 
Morrison,  D.  (28,120),  10 

>TASH,G.  H.,and  Western  Electtii 
»      Co.  (29.027).  lao 
Nordteldt,  H.  B.  E.  (27,801),  80 


QLIVER,C.R.  (23,789),  80 


P^S?^.?'=v''"-  ^■'  E    "•  Rudd  and 
W.  Matthews  (27,399),  10 
Priest,  8.  B.  (27,163),  80 


RANKIN,    R.,    and    Chloride    Elec 
trical  Storage  Co.  (28,91S),  80 
Rieby,  T.,  and  X.  Testrap  (19,923),  80 
Robinson,  C.  ii7,536),  ti24 
Rudd,  E.  H.,  \V.  Matthews  and  F.  F. 
Pershke  (-27,899),  10 

O  AHMER,  G.  (26.311),  201 

Schneiber,  H.  P.,  and  H.  B.  van  Daalen 

(21,122)  792 
Siemens    Bros.    Uynaiuo    Works.   Ltd 

(27  588),  80  ■ 

Bteljes,  W.  S.  (20,105),  (20,107),  80 

rjlAYLOR,  A.  M.  (27,560),  80 

„  W.  (28,858),  (28,859),  120 

Testrap,  N.,  and  T.  RiRby  (19.923).  80 
Tamer,  P.  8.  (29,13Si,  ICO 


TTLLRICH,  G.  (29,230),  201 


T  rARLEY,  F.  H.,  Michaelis,  Power, 
>       Johnson    Secret    Wireless    Tele- 
graph   and     Telephone     Testing 

(2^!;)79)!2'ir'*-^-''-^°''''^°" 
Voght,  C.  (27,291),  241 


w 


EDMORE,    E.    B.,    and    British 
^  ihomson-Houston  Co.   (28,868), 

Western  Electric  Co.  and  G.  H    N'ash 

(29,027),  120 
Westingliouse    Brake    Co.   and    H    G 
,.,^      Brown  ,27.275,,  40 

^'""S^oI.-jS'i-^'"'^-^-  "-•'"' 

Whyman,  J.  H.  (27,254),  201 
Williams,  8.  U.  i23,007),  281 
Worsley,  F.  S.  (28,668),  120 


^CHEMBACH,  J.  A.  E.  (29.817),  10C8 

J.  A.  E.,&  H.  P.  R.  L. 

Ackery,n.M.(889)!'?S"'' '''•'•«'•  ^"^ 

Aitken.  W     H.  Cooper,  C.  Remington 

and  Automatic  Telephone  Manu- 

'actaring  Co.  (18,963),  920 

"1S),1«  "°'"  *'"*  ^-  ^''^'""^ 
^"*°'(6f86i?"5H'  '""^  ■'•  ^'""  *  Co- 
*"'''S«r(iK'?i?"  °^-  <«•!'"'- 
^'^"792'"''  ^"  ""^  "■  °«'''bo'f  <8.060), 
Anderson,  J.  D..  and  C.  E.  Fritts 
113,111),  120 

Angola,  H.  F.  (18,908).  1018 

'^u^/in^-r'  Annorduct  ManuJac- 

Apthorpe,     W.     H.,     and     Cambridge 
t^ntilic  Instrument  Co.  (11,279), 

Armorduct   Manufacturing  Co     W    C 
Jeary  and  A,  P.  Annacker"i20,26P); 

Armstrong  Whltworth  A  Co.,  Sir  W.  G., 

*ndR- Wright  (11,761),  10 
Aron.  L.J.  (28,69U),  1008 
Aihcroft,   E.   A.   (1,001),  (1,003).  (j.OW). 

Automatic  Advertising  Co.  and  H.  T 
HolmeH  (li.oepi,  JfiO 

Telephone  Manufacturing 
Co.  (10,120),  920 

Telephone  .Manufacturing 
Co.,  W.  Aitlsen,  II.  Cooper 
»nd  C.  Remington  (13,963) 


BACON,  R,    H.    8.,    and  F.   W.   H. 
Shepherd  (5,386),  511 

Bailey,  E.   M.,  and  H.    F.  McDowell 

(20,621),  681  <-^»cii 

Baker,  E.  J.,  and  A.  Kirk  (15,676),  1008 

,.      T.  T.  (-20,412),  792 
Bally,   J.    (16,040),    201;     (16,010),    211- 

(16,0121,3-28;  (16,011),  511 
Baron,  H.  (11,261),  1008 
Bartley,  C.  B.  (71),  201 
Bastian,  C.  C,  and  London  Electrical 

Trading  Co.  (5,7-23),  621 
Bauer,  H.  (15,171),  160;  (-25,101),  718 

..       H.,  and  M.  Eckmeier  (9,49-2),  214 
Baum,  M.  (16,86,')),  836  '  •       1.      ■• 

Baumann,  J.  (18,671),  581;  (18,676),  718 
Bayles  E  A.,  and  British  Insulated  and 

Helsby  Cables.  Ltd..  i2,701),  581 
Becker,  I .  A.  (6.061),  214  ;  (7,903),  920 
Behne,    H.,  and    Eric    F.   Huth,   Ges 

(9,181),  624 
Beldiman,  A.  (19,787),  624 
Bell,  G.  G.  (2,873).  1008 

..     J.  D.  (9,139),  160 
Belling,  C.  R.  (8,682),  799 

("i8^6'),°i'2o'"  *"''  ^'  ^-  ^°*'"°°''« 
Bentali;    E.'  E.,  and    G.  C.   Bingham 

(5,629),  160  iJiiiBnam 

Berdon,  A.  E.  (20,2-24),  581 
Bergmann     ElectricitiitsWerke    Akt.- 

^"°Tl'9.26'7i.6'l'    ""'     '■     ^'"'="""' 
Berry,  H.  H.  (22,589),  1018 

"      ^'-oil-^'    """^    W-    J-    Markham 
,    (3.838).  328;   (18.319).  1018 
Beuttell.  A.  W.  (l,186),56o 

A.    W.,  and    J.  A.   Manners- 
bmith   (3,099),  416;    (11,722), 

Seville,  W.  J.  (229),  ICO ;  (2,566),  214 
Bigwood,  H.  M.,  Brotherton  Tube  and 
Conduits,  Ltd.,  and  H.  F    Terrv 
(24,492),  372  ^ 

Bijur,  J.  (9,426),  544  ;  (6,803),  624 

''(r6b9)^i60''-   '''"'    ^-   ^-   ««"'*" 

^'"""oJifngf.  "iw8^  ^^'"  ^PP"""^  Co. 

Blackall,'  A.'  T.,  and  C.  M.  Jacobs 
(1,852),  3-2S;,l7.0.S5,,  920 

B  ake,  J.  B.,  and  W.  Kilburn  (6,662),  624 

Blanchard,  A.  M.  P.  (6,772),  504 

Blathy,  0.  T.  (16,538),  241 

Blonde),  A.  (14,741),  876 

Blousteiu,  E.  (11,584),  1048 

Bloxam,  A.  G.  (3.742),  500;  (17  489)   624 

Bocuze,  J.  M.  (21,290),  328   '''*"'"■  *'^* 

Bohle,  J.  and  "Volta"  Cammandit- 
geselUchaft  (ur  Elektrisehe  Ke- 
leinbeleuchtung  (26,699),  624 

Boiling,  F.  (21,445),  372 

^""^'.^l^^r  k!\^  ^^^'°"  *  Peyton,  Ltd. 
(3,4o7i,  514 

Bonnella,  A.  (10,360),  621 

Bojthroyd,  H.  T.,  Ltd.,  and  J.  H.  Wool- 

liscroft  (10,36C),  644  -  "ooi 

Bosch,   R.    (13,379),     40;     (17,029)    244- 
^         (23,016),  644  ;  (24,6(i5) ;  876      '  ' 

Bottom  ey,  J.  T.,  and  Kelvin  &  James 

White.  Ltd  (26..S38),  544 
Boult,  A.  J.  (3,342),  460 
Bousson,  F.,  and  Guesnier  (991),  284 
Boyd,    W.  B.,    and    J.    B.    Tannahill 

(12,278),  372  .lannahill 

Braarup,  E.  T.  (6,645),  624 

"''m'  w,   t,  ">'>    H-    ^-    Moore 
(25,  336),  ^4 

Brenot,  M.  C.  (10,130),  544 

Bnush    Arc    Welding  Co.  and    R    8 

Kennedy  (8,987).  703  '      ' 

Ever-Ready  Electrical  Co 
(25,784),  372 

Ei;"-?eady  Electrical  Co.,  and 
S.  Stern  (19,856),  792 

Insulated  &  Helsby  Cables, 
Ltd.,  and  E.  A.  Bavles 
(2.701),  684  ^"° 

LM  Ericsson  Mfg.  Co.,  and 
748  ^'°°^^''    (22,252),  (22,253), 

Thomson  -  Houston  Co.  (6351 
120;  (7,775),160;  (3,231),  204; 
(3,7o2),  244;  (25,775),  284- 
(2.343),  (U,252),  328  2,4^)' 
(3,988).  416:  (9.210),  'iM-' 
(1,187),  500;  (I1,79J),  15.483) 
641;  (6,212),  (13,7i-8,  624- 
(6.708,  664;  (7,oi4), '  8,CII); 
(13.!>75),  708;  (Il,4f6  ,  748• 
(H,9C2).  (16.707),  (26,681  ,  792- 
(20,663),  876;  (16,442),  (17  680)' 
920;  (18,689)  964,-'  (^ 
1C08;  (13,787),  1048  '" 

Tliomson- Houston   Co.   and  A 
P.  ioung(C27),  160 
„         Thomson  -  Houston     Co.    and 

(8;669t-54Y''"""'     ''"'''''• 

Thomson-Houston  Co.  and  E 

Qarton  (4,529),    160;    (l.fSI)' 

(M80).   (2,671),'  828,'    (S.'we),' 

Thomson-Houston  Co.  and    F 

Holder  (722),  40 
Thomson  -  Houston    Co.     and 

H.  C.  Hastings  (7,704),  244 
ThomsonHoufiton  Co.  and  G 

M.  Wallace  (15,776|,  f3« 
Thomson-Houston  Co..  H    W 
Taylor    F.  P.  Whitaker'and 
n,„.„  ,         *     i-  ^'Porborg  (3,682).  120 
Brompton    4     Kensington   Accessories 
Co.,  and  Downe  |28,686).  684 


Brooks,  B.,  and  W.  Holt  (10,996),  624 
„        R.,  and  Siemens  Bros.  Dvnauio 
Works  (15,f59),  1018 
Brotherton  Tube  and  Conduits,   Ltd., 

("4,4^'2)^872''  ^"^  "•  *'•  ^'8«0°d 

Brown,  Bnveri  et  Cie.  Akt.-Ges.  (2,731), 

116;    (4,460),  514;    (7,577).  70S  ; 

((j,550),   (10,118),  816;     (7,258), 

H.  (416),  iOI 
..        S.  G.  (1,275),  511;  (4,067),  1048 
Brmkmann,  H.  (2i,H6),  IOCS 
Brukwicki,  B.  (4,468),  372 
Bryant,  G.,  and  C.  H.  Ivinsou  (12,757), 

o(>4 
Brydone,  R.  M.  (27,002),  1008 
Buckham,  G.  T.,  and  Sir  A.  T.  Dawson 

(777),  244 
Buetzer,   F.,   I.   H.  Weinberg    and  G. 

Schieiner  (21,162),  644 
Bullers,  Ltd.,  and  G.  V.  Twiss  (6,286), 

120  ;  (6,'287),  372 
Bulge,  H.,  Croiupton  &  Co.  and  J.  C. 

Macfarlane  (1,995),  708 
Butkitt,  R.  H.  (4,417),  120 
Burr,  F.,  jun.  (22,311),  836 
Byng  and.Collings  (7,187),  204  ;    (28,5-24), 
624 

L.  ti.,  and  T.  Taylor  (6.062),  460 

CALLENDER'S  Cable   &    Consttuc- 
tion  Co.  and  C.  Pipkin  (14,157).  748 
Callow,    8.    H.,    and    Siemens    Bros. 

Dynamo  Works  (16,660),  IC08 
Cambridge    Scientific    Instrument    Co. 

and  W.  H.  Apthorpe  (11,279),  1008 
Campbell,  A.  J.,  T.  B.  and  W.  A.  Martin, 

and  H.  Jackson  (1,901),  514 
Canipiche,  H.  (17,779),  544 
Candohte  Co.  and  E.  J.  Wilson  (1,178). 

281;  (7,729),  460 
Canon,  A.  L.  (18,080),  1048 
•Cedes"  Electric  Traction,  Ltd.,  and 

E.  Cliflord  (20,244),  836 
Chadburn's  (Ship)  Telegraph  Co.  and 

836      Clarke  1(6,698),  792;    (9,673). 

Chamberiain    &   Hookham,    Ltd.,  and 
H.  8.  Hatfield  (18,841).  624 

Chambers,  F.  J.  (6,212),  664 

*^*""To08"  ^•^•^•'^•''^'''l^O;  (17,768). 

Chiger.  S.  (16,112),  372 

Christians.  G.  W.  (19,538),  876 

Claes,  P.,  and  G.  Rietkotter  (24,435),  1048 

Clark,  A.,  and  J.  Dickson  (8.307),  748 
„      E.  J.  (10,766),  708 
„      T.,  and  J.  May  (9,094),  328 

Clarke,  J.  C,  and  Chadburn's  (Ship) 
Megraph  Co.  (5,692),  792 ;  (9,3?3), 

Clarkson,  T,,  and  W.  J.  Morison  (4,716), 

Clatworthy,  W.  A.  (6,599),  624 

Clifford,     E.,    and    "Cedes"    Electric 

Traction,  Ltd.  (20,244),  836 
F.  P.  (3,915),  372 
Coates,  H.  J.,   M.   J.   Railing  and    J. 

Strachan  (22,509),  836 
Cockerill,  P.  T.,  and  0.  Hawkes  (4,816), 

544 
Cole,  W.  H.  (23,732),  1048 
Collings  and  Byng  (7,137),  201 ;  (28,542), 

Collins.  G.  H.,  and  H.  P.  (18,911),  1C08 
Compagnie   Elektricitats  Ges.  and  H 

Stotz  (23,877),  160 
Cook,  J.  G.  (16,664),  244 
„      J.  W.  (16,766),  836 
Cooke,  C.  J.,  and  A.  H.  Johnson  (6,717), 
160 

„       D.  J.,  andC.  Schenck  (9,360),  leo 

Cooper,  G.     (4,899),     40;     (3,325).     160' 

(11,3«0),  IOCS 

H..  C.  Remington,  Automatic 

Telephone    Manufacturing 

Co.  and  W.  Aitken  (13,963), 

T.  L.  R.,  and  Submersible  and 
J.-L.  Motors,  Ltd.  (10,654), 

Corwin,  E.  R.  (12,647),  10P2 

'''"'%(,U,"im'-''°'^"'-«'^°'''"« 

Coartaud  G.  Gamier,  Oil  et  Cie.  (7,780). 

Cox,  H.  W.  (5,280),  872 
„  R.  M,  (26,474),  624 
,,     W.  G.  H.  (19,740),  1048 

''"'"T23,8^li).l04s''"''    '"■    ^^     ^"«°"' 

''"'"1l280^828'    '"'    '"='"'"■    ^'^• 
Crompton    &    Co.    and    C.    Crompton 
(8,397),  416  ^ 

&  Co.,  J.  c.  Macfariane  and 
T,    „"- Burge  (4,996),  708 
Cumont,  F.  (8,108).  792 
Curtis,  V.  C.  (16,9£8),  644 


Deligny,  E.  H.  (22,530),  792 

Denny,  A.,  and  F.  T.  Edgecumbe  (8,640). 

Db4 
Derriman,  W.  H.  (687),  214 
Detchamps,  J.  J.  (3,128),  460 

^"'^^  Gasgluhlioht  Akt.-Gcs.  (2,284), 
Dewhurst,  S.  B.  (9,.')38),  876 

•(u,?5r4r/'^"°"'*-^°""'"°" 
'"'"•(a:455)%^°-  '""  '■  *•  s<'-" 

SlehrH'.k  "2?  aV""  "•'""•"« 

D.tcham,  W  T.'  H.  G.  Matthews,  and 
Grindell-.Matthews Wireless  Tele- 
phone  Syndicate  (6,466),  1048 

Dixson,  L.  T.  (8,677),  416 

Downe  and  Brompton  and  Kensington 
Accessories  Co.  (26,586),  681 

°°*"'D|.G..and  P.  8.  Moulton  (16,028), 

Drcger,  K.  von  (5,434),  872 

""'^'"er.  W.   (6,909),  708;   (8,196),  748 

Dudde)l,W.,  H.  W.  Handcock  and  A.H. 

Dykes  (6,716),  664 
Dussaud,  F.  (8,087),  244 
Dykes.  A.  H,.  W.  Duddell  and  H.  W 

Handcock  (6.716),  664 


"gARL.H.D.  (11.871),  244 

Eastern  Telegraph  Co.  and  A.  Eraser 
(1,822),  372 

"^''^""^.•624^°'     '■    ""=     ^""-"^ 
Eckmann,  S.  (11,597),  1048 

,,  .       8.,  and  J.  8.  Peck  (1,365),  S44 
Eckmeier,  M.,  and  H.  Bauer  (9,49a)  244 
Edgecumbe,    F.    T.,    and    A.    Denny. 
(8,640),  664  «.'«:"uy, 

Edwards,    E.    E„  and    J.    N.    Mollett 
(10,753),  9-20 
W.  H.,  and  H.  Lucas (3,811), 
40 
Electric  and  Ordnance  Accessories  Co., 
J.   D.   Morrison    and    S.    H. 
Davies  (10,765),  920 
„        and  Ordnance  Accessories  Co. 
and  J.  Etchells  (13,982),  10(8 
,,        Osmose,  Ues.fui  (23,645),  328 
*^'ektrische       Gluhlampen-Fabrik 
Watt"  Schard  Loti  and  Latzko 
and  H.  Jahoda  (7,977),  684 
Wektromagnetische  Ges.  (10,619)  244 

Electrotechnische  Industrie  Ges  fur 
and  N.  Frostier  (25,987),  1048 

Estler,  L.  P.  B.  (5,469),  160 

Etchells,  J.,  and  Electric  and  Ordnance 
Accessories  Co.  (18,982),  1008 

Evans,  C.  J.  (20,694),  661 

Evetshed  &  Vignoles,  Ltd.,  and  W  D 
Kilroy  (6,792),  624 

"PIARKAS,  K.  (14,654),  416 

"""'^^i  Ja;  Vif    ^-    "•    LoDgbottom, 

(4,426),  514 
Feery,  V.  F.  (14.7.15),  244 
Fellenberg,  W.  (17,7nl),  6?4 
Ferranti.  8.  Z.  de  (8,412),  lie 
Fielding,  J.  (12,892),  664 
Pinlay,   W.  T.,  and    H.   E.   R.  Roose 

(28,486),  1048  ^^ 

Fischer,  C.  H.  (9,981),  793 
Fisher  R.,  and  A.  Round  (16,492),  828 
Fodor,  A.  (5,554),  120 
Fontccha,  J.  M.  S.  (13,781),  876 
Forrester,  H.  J.  C.  (12,809),  244 
Fosbrooke   L.  8.,  and  0.  G.  M.  Bennett 

(7.4'' b),  120 
Foster,  H.  P.,  and  A.  W.  8.  Pockling- 

ton  (3,105),  460  <-i"'uK 

Frank^lm,  G.  S..  and  G.  Marconi  (86), 

^''''*(i.t22)!a72'^"'""  Telegraph  Co. 
Frenot.E.  L.  (13,796).  160 

'^''"^•(1^111^120^°''    '■     ^'     *"^"-° 


Brook.  E.  T.  (6.473),  624 
Brookes,  A.,  and  British  L.  M.  Ericsson 
Mfg.  Co.  (22,262),  (22,263),  748 


Darker.  A.  H.,  and  J.  Stone  &  Co.  (4,073), 

''"'"£?6,f^ibor'''^-^-^''''''- 

Daum,  A.  P.  (21,240),  511 

Davidson,  L.  C.  (22,019),  416 

Davies,   L.   H.,  Electrio  and  Ordnance 

Accessories     Co.,     and     J.      D 

Morrison  (10,766),  910 
''°^^fl^^■  '^-  ^'"'  0.  T.  Buckham 
Day,  O.  St".  J.  (760),  244  ;  (14,606),  624 
Degt-nhardt,  B.  (3,978),  1048 
Dekker,  N.  H.  M.,  (17,636),  1008 
Deachaux,  C.  L.  (26,577),  1008 
Delaux,     p.,    and     8oc.    Ed.    Gabreau 

(21,813),  1048 


G^faK'io^s"^''"*"''^^^'-^ 

Gallay,  J.  (27,783),  1008 

Galletti.  R.  C.  (10,803),  920 

Gare,  T.  (8,654),  1008 

Garnham,  H.  B.,  and  A.  E.  (22,603)  a% 

Gallon,  E.,  and  British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.  (4,629),  160;  (1.681) 
(l.C80),(-2,874),828;;6,576),466      '■ 

Gazagnaire,  A.  (7,771),  748 

?<^'>"'Ogff.  Q-.  "Id  E.  Altenkirch  (8,050), 

General  Composing  Co.  Ges.  (29,603) 
87C  • 

Gibbs,  A.  E.  (15,862),  1048 
Gibson,  V.  C.  H.  (12,445),  1092 
Gill,  H.  A.  (26,249),  684 
Gladitz,  C.  (12,469),  1092 
Godfiee.  E.  G.  (7,264),  920 
G°ld»^hmidt,  R.  (16.916),  644 ;  (23,784), 

Gonnet,  L.  (19,287),  872 
Gott,  J.  (10,534),  544;  (22,864),  lOlii 
Graemiger,  B.  (24,499),  1048 
Graham,  E.  A.  (19,687),  544 
Oranoux,  Soc.  A.,  et  Cie.  (8,989)  40 

°"""co"!',4,f92),''5;J    ^"''""'    '^'"°""« 
Griesbacb,   R.  C.     and   Venner   Time 

Switches,  Ltd.  (15,366),  373 
Grifsinger,  E.  (7,482),  708 
Gross,  H.  C.  (26,372),  fi24 
Grove,  J.  C,  and  C.  F.  Killar  (9,714)  684 
O.undy,  H.  H.  (5,811).  684  '" 

Onaltierrotti,  G.  (10,667),  1008 


Jur.Y  I,  lOlii.] 


THE     ELF.CTRICAL    REVIEW— INDEX. 


zut 


<luo»iiier  and  V.  Uouaaon  (UBl),  'iHt 
Uyilsr,  T.,  UDd  P.  Womiol  (11,1'iO),  344 

HACKRTT.     L.     A.,    »iid     K.     W. 
wimu»..i  (•J7,oiO),  -nn 

HailivcKKl,  i:.  A.  CJO.DO'J),  40 

Ualdmi,  J.  11.  (B,'i7«),  244;  (10,188),  C84 

Ualu,  H.  l7,ri>'J|.  lUOti 

„     K.  {).,  uiid  U.  A.  Mowor  (10,793), 
M7(i 
Hammor,  L.  Q.  (4,858),  344 
Haiidcook,  H.  W.,  A.  H.  Dykes  and  \V. 

Duddell  (6,7lli),  l>*>4 
Harris,   A.   !•'.,  mid   Nalder   Bros,   and 

Thonmwndl.'JOU),  auO 
IlitiiBOM,  !•'.,  and  W.  I'.  Molir  (9,941),  930 
Hiirdcn,   T.,   and    Motal    Jointing    Co. 

(10,989),  sm 

Harrison,  H.  H.,G.  W.  Moore  and  J. 
Laviu  (5,tir>5),  792 

Uartrord,    E.   V.,  and    ti.    Mastrangel 
(14,939),  1018 

Hartiimnn   v^    Uraim    Akt.-Ges.   ((5,845), 
(r),41f)),  (1H,C,08),  5HI 

Hastings,  II.  C,  and  British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.  (7,704),  244 

Hatfield,  H.  8.  (6.404),  GG4 

„         H.  U.,  and  Chaniborlain  and 
Hookhani,  Ltd.  (18,341),  634 

Hawkes,  O.,  and  P.  T.  CockerlU  (4,816), 
S44 

Hay,  J.  CI.  (8,695),  544 

Heil,  A.  (10,511),  920 

Heinieke,  H.,  and  M.  Ja3per(l8,632),  160 

Helfenstein.  A.  (14,164),  G64 

Henlev's,  W.  T.,  Telegraph  Works  Co. 
and  W.  Nichols  (28,094).  876 

Hensnian,  W.  (7,996),  244 

Hepburn,  A.  (l:i.l71),708 

Herrensclimidt  X  Co.  (20,276),  792 

Hcuitley,  K.  8.  (7,786),  748;  (9,738),  920 

Hewitt,  P.C.  (22,246),  748 

Heyland,A.  |3,555),460 

Hildcbrand,  P.  (17,346),  920 

Hill,  C.  W.  G.  (11,997),  1048 

Hiltz,  G.  S.  (14,831),  aW 

Hinksman,  C.  W.  (15,701),  241 

Hoe,  It.,  &  Co.,andF.  G.Lougee  (l,r68), 
160 

Hoffman,  8.  O.  (22,932),  1048 

Holden,    P.,     and    British    Thomson- 
Houston  Co.  (722),  40 

Holmes,  H.  T.,  and  Automatic  Advertis- 
ing Co.  (1,5691,160 
,,        H.    T.,    and    J.    Kemp-Welch 
(14,560),  1008 

Holt,  A.,  and  W.J.  Instan  (9,802),  544 
„    W.,  and  B.  Brooks  (10,996),  624 

Horton,  B.  D.  (21,102),  792 

B.  D.,  and  A.  H.  Kling  (16,229), 
708 

Hosford,  W.  S.  (13,432),  244 

Hubers,  M.  M.  (12,7521.  1092 

„        J.   (Julius    Pintsoh   Akt.-Ges.) 
(5,026),  (5,027),  |5,028),  1092 

Humphreys,  H.  (6,13ti),  40 

Hunt,  A.  "H.  (17,850),  244 

Hunte,  A.  &H.  (1,013),284 

Hunter,  P.  V.,andW.  L.  Shand  (13,355), 
748;  (11,586),  1008 

Huth,   Erio    P.,    Ges.,    and   H.   Behre 
(9,181),  624 


1LLIG,   H.,    and   Ges.    fur    Elektro- 
Osmose  (39,826),  5l4 
Imray,  O.  (24,457),  160;  (28,070),  836 
Industrielle  des  Telephones,  Soc.  (412), 

244 
Instan,  W.  J.,  and  A.  Holt  (9,302),  544 
Isaacs,  H.,  and  G.  Porter  (10,278),  876 
Ivinson,  C.  H,,  and  G.  Bryant  (12,757) 
664 


TABB,  A.  (24,313),  1048 

Jackson,  G,  H.,  and  H.  Lucas  (9.278), 

160 

H.,    A.    J.,    T.    B.    and    W. 

Campbell  and  A.  Martin 

(1,901),  541 

Jacobs,    C.    M.,    and    A.    T.    Blackall 

(1,852),  328;  (17,035),  920 
Jahoda,     H.,     and     Elektrische    Gluh- 
lampen-Fabrik    "  Watt  "    Schard 
Loii  and  Latzko  (7,977),  584 
Jahreiss,  E.  (26,361),  1008 
James,  J.  E  ,  and  W.  T.  Smith  (7,317), 

708 
Jamieson,  F.  (19,014),  793 
Jasper,   M.,  and   H.  Heinieke  (18,632), 

160 
Jeary,    W.    C,    A.    P.    Annacker    and 
Armorduct     Manufacturing    Co  , 
(■20,269),  876 
Jensen,  H.  O.  A.  (18,985),  876 

P.    L.,    and     E.    S.    Pridham 
(25,896),  748 
Jerrim,  J.  H.  (I,vi33i,  792 
Joel,  H.  F.,  (5,170),  584 
Johnson,  A.  H.,  and  C.  J.  Cooke  (6,717), 
160 
„  E.  (22,127),  964 

J.  V.  (16,779),  684  ;  (16,069),  876 
M.  L.  (8,997),  544 
Joly,  C.  (20,361),  1008 
Jijssingfjord    Manufacturing    Co.,  A/8 

(36,165),  (26,166).  1008 
Jowett,  H.  J.  (932),  284 


T7"  EITH,  G.  and  J.  (6,517),  328 

Kelty,  H.  A.  (27,079),  584 

Kelvin  &  James  White,  Ltd.,  and  J.  T. 

Bottomley  (26,33!j),  644 
Kemmerich,  J.  (4,240),  (4,264),  600 
Kemp-Welch,  J.,  and  H.    T.    Holmes 

(14,560),  1008 
Kennedy,  P.  (21,157),  792 

„         R.  8.,  and  British  Arc  Weld- 
ing Co.  (8,987),  708 


KuHKulii,  K.  O.  (31,1183),  7IM 
Kutturing.C.  F.  (39,091),  (311,11711),  (31l,<)«3), 

748:  (8,791),  810;  (l,434l,  H76 
Kllhurn,  W.,  and-J.    U.   lUako  (B.WW), 

034 
Klliar.C.  F.,  and  J.  C.  drove  (9,714). 581 
Kllroy.  W.  !>..  and   KvurHlied  and  Vlg- 

noluH,  Ltd.  (6.79i),  634 
Kirk,  A.,  and  C.  J.  Uakur  (15,076),  1008 
Klrkwood,  J.  C.  P.  (9,513)  b76 
Kllamura,   M.,   W.   Turikaia    and     E. 

Yokoyama(10,8J8),6B4 
Kling,  A.  H..  and  B.  L).  Horton  (16.239), 

708 
Knopf,  W.  (33,093),  634 
Knudson,  II.  (15,691),  H36 
Koiiig,  ,).,  and  (i.  Mollor  (37.960),  lOOH 
Korting.X;  .Matliicnoii  Akt.-Gos.  (30,318), 

(27,034),  284  ;  (37,776),  544 
Korytowski,  O.  (3,786),  tOO 
KovacB,  L.  (19,218),  644  ;  (17,685),  792 
Krauso,  li.  (28,595),  718 
Kropman,  S.  M,  (7,643),  460 


T    AQUS,  B.  (11,678),  708 

Lake,  W.  T.  (18,426),  1048 
Landis  &.  Qyr  (34,503),  624 
Langloy,  A.  E.,  and  W.  Whitie  (7,886), 

708 
Lawton,  U.  (2.848),  160;  (27,510),  1008 
Leblano,  M.  A.  E.  (6,655),  664 

„          M.  A.E.,and  E.  E.  Darniois 
(11,870),  1008 
Leitner,  H.  (1,965),  328;   (2,310),  (2,747), 

.372;     (2,74'!),    416;     (11,176),    460; 

(6,189),  624;    (7,776),  748;    (9,416), 

876 
Lench,  H.  (10,600>,  416 
Levi,  H.  J.,  A.  H.  Rose  and  T.  A.  Rose 

(9,4)2),  372 
Liddle,  J.  (24,9.321,  748 
Lieben,  R.  von,  E.  Reisz  and  S.  Strauss 

(15,975),  624 
Liljeblad,  R.,  and  Aktiebolaget  Elevator 

(23,918),  664 
Lillienfleld,  J.  E.  (23,169),  792 
Liney,  P.  L.  (181),  204 
Liifquist,  H.  (25,104),  876 
Logan,  W.  A.  (1,168),  244 
London    Electrical    Trading    Co.    and 

C.  (■.  Bastian  (5,723),  624 
Longbottom,    H.   H.,    and    T.    Parrer 

(4,4261,544 
Lougee,  F.  G.,and  R.  Hoe  &  Co.  (1,968), 

160 
Low,  A.  A.  (17,678),  120 
Lowy,  B.,  and  F.  MuUer  (2,423),  120 
Lucas,  H.,  and  G.  H.  Jackeon  (9,278), 
160 
„      H.,  and  W.  H.  Edwards  (3,011), 
40 
Lundberg,    A.    P.,    G.    C,   and   P.   A. 

(21,913),  328 
Lusted,  W.  J.  (9,983),  328 
Lydall,  P.,  and  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo 

Works,  Ltd.  (6,922),  116 


MCDOWELL,    H.    P.,    and    E.    M. 
Bailey  (20,621),  584 
Macfarlane,     J.    C,     H.    Burge     and 

Crompton  &  Co.  (4,995).  708 
Magnet  Bremsen,  G.m.b.H.  (26,295),  204 
Majorana,  Q.  (23,024),  836 
Mann,  J.  (12,367),  CM  ;  (11,849),  920 
Mannets-Sniith,    J.     A.,    and    A.     W. 

Beuttell  (3,099),  416  ;  (14,722),  514 
Marconi,  G.,   and  G.  S.  Franklin  (86), 

204 
Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd., 
and  C.  E.  Prince  (3,45o),  204 
,,  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  and 

H.  J.  Round  (3,055',  120 
Marino,  P.  (13,780),  204 
Markham,    W.    J.,    and  H.    H.   Berry 

(3,338),  328  ;  (18,349),  1048 
Marks,  E.  C.  R.  (8,791),  (10,805),  (21,097), 
836  ;  (10,029),  920 ;    (24,776),  1008  ; 
(1P,607);  1048 
Markt,  G.  (4,498),  214 
Marriott,  W.  H.  S.  (16,542),  1008 
Martin,  A.,  H.  Jackson,  and  A.  J.,  T.  B, 
and  W.  Campbell  (1,901),  544 
„       H.  S.  (12,075),  1018 
„       T.  G.  (10,376),  920 
Maschinen  und  Metall-Industrie,  Ges, 

fur  (11,842),  1008 
Maschinenfabrik  Oerlikon  (19,890),  284 
Masoow,  P.  (27,094),  544 
Mastrangel,    L.,  and    E.  V.    Hartford 

(14.929),  1148 
Matthews,  H.   G.,  Grindell    Matthews 
Wireless  Telephone  Syn- 
dicate and  W.  T.  Ditcham 
(6,486),  li'48 
R.  B.  (12,360),  1092 
Maurice,  A.  H.  (18,065),  836 

W.  M.  (12,505),  1048 
May,  J.,  and  T.  Clark  (9,094),  328 
Meirowsky,  M.  (13,-65),  920 
Meller.-h-Jackson,  W.  J.  (29,074),  1008 
Mellinger,  E.   A.    (4,179),  544;    (7,100), 

70i  ;  (11,964),  1008 
Merriam,  E.  B.  (14,752),  160 
Merton,  H.  (11,714).  1048 
Merz,  C.  H.,  and  S.  G.  Redman  (7,591), 

664 ;  (13,801),  792 
Metal    Jointing    Co.    and    T.    Harden 

(10,989),  836 
Meyer,    J.,    and    Neuheiten    Verwert- 

hungsGes.  (12,133),  160 
Midglev,  A.  H.,  and  C.  A.  Vandervell 

(27,501).  B44;  (8,l40),  748 
Milne,  L.  (16,005),  4l6 
Moffett.  F.  J.,  and  N.  B.  Rosher  (20,113), 

748 
Mohr,  W.  P.,  and  F.  Hansen  (9,941),  920 
Molina,  E.C.  (21,008),  876 
MoUer,  E.  (6,990),  664 

..       G.,  and  J.  Konig  (27,950),  1008 
Mo'lett,    J.    N.,    and    E.  E,    Edwards 
(10,753),  920 


Molciiiy,  M.  (4,777j,  544 
Monlgomory,  P.  W.  llO.Wa),  544 
Mooru,  K.  K.  (H,7fl7),  130 

E.  K.,  and  II.  NonI  110,9-37),  634 
„        O.    W.,    J.    Havin    and    H.    H. 
IIurriHon  (5,655),  793 
Morgan  Crnciblo  Cu.  and  J.  t'„  Grant 

(1,593),  500 
Moriiaon,  J.  I).,  L.  II.  Dnviin  and  KIcc. 
trio  and  Onliiancu  AccuH- 
oricaCo.,  (10,765),  930 
W.     J.,    and     T.    Clark«on 
(4,716),  416 
Moul,  H.  E.  (27,34lt),  793 
Moulin,  M.  du(13,7H<i,  416 
Moulton,     P.     H.,     and     G.     Douning 

(16,038),  793 
Mowor,  U.  A.,  and  K.  O.  Hale  (19,792), 

878 
Mowncr,  C.  E.  (28,664),  180 
Muirhead,  F.  L.  (8,446),  130 
Miiller,  A.  R.  (1,166),  384  ;    (0,895),  684  ; 
(7,972),  74H 
F.  and  B.  Lowry  (2,423),  120 
Murray,  J.  (8,746).  372 

T.  E.  (26,837),  304  ;   (19,596),  284 
Myers,   A.  C.  T.,  and  J.  Stone   4  Co. 
(10,959),  1008 


NALDER  Bros.  &  Thompson,  Ltd  , 
and  A.  P.  Harris  (11,2(0),  920 
Naylor,  J.  P.,  and  Naylorgraph  1 12,381 1, 

1092 
Neal,  H.,  and  E.  E.  Moore  (10,927),  624 
New  Transport  Co.  &   L.  Rottcnburg 

(11,681),  1008 
Niblett,  J.  T.  (819),  284  ;  (1,671),  828 
Nibloe,    W.    W,    and    J.    A.    Wright 

(2,872),  372 
Nichols,  W.,  and  W.  T.  Henley's  Tele- 
graph Works  Co.  (28,094),  876 
Nicholson,  P.  H.  (:)0,059),  1048 
Nitrures,  Soc.  Generale  des  (16,406),  244 


OPPICINE     Galileo,     Boo.     Anon. 
112,449),  1048 
Ogilvie-Webb,    A.,    J.    D.    White    and 

R.  C.  A.  Reineckc  (8,232),  793 
Oliver,  C.  H.  (23,993),  160 
Olmstead,  A.  H.  (8,0o3),  748 


pAGE,  A.  (18,980),  1048 

Palmer,  H.  H.  (18,177),  328 

Parker,  J.  B  ,  and  J.  Smith  (15,022),  718 

Parkes,  E.  I.  (5,887),  584 

Paton,  G.  R.  (5,636),  160 

Paulin,  J.  G.  (6,261),  372 

Pauling,  H.  (24,051),  328  ;  (21,473),  416 

Payne,     B.    G.,    and     Siemens    Bros. 

Dynamo  Works  (16,343),  920 
Peake,  \V.  S.  (10,501),  328 
Peck,  J.  S.,  and  S.  Eckmann  (1,365),  244 
Perl,  A.  H.  F.  (11,051),  1O08 
Perry,  H.  (16,119),  416 

„  W.  F.  (4,090),  500 
Peterfen,  W.  (2,142),  416 
Petithory,  E.  A.,  and  Siemens  Bros,  and 

Co.  (21,946),  £84 
Peyton  &  Peyton,  Ltd.,  and  H.  B.  Bond 

(5,467),  544 
Pieper,    H.    (3,281),  328 ;    (2?,635<,    372 ; 

(7,133),  (13,233s  416 
Pillinger,   G.    C,  and    L.    Sunderland 

(7,375),  708;  (11,486),  1003 
Pintsch's  Electric   Manufacturing  Co. 

and    C.    H.    Vidal    (15,471),    544; 

(21,433),  876 
Pipkin,  C,  and  Callender's  Cable  and 

Construction  Co.  (14,167),  748 
Plauson,  H.,  and  G.  Tischenko  (10,882), 

460 
Plows,  W.,  and  E.  M.  Bailey  (3,906),  328 
Plohl,  M.  (15,774),  1008 
Pocklington,  A.  W.  S.,and  H.  P.  Foster 

|3, 105),  460 
Podle?ak,  E.   (6,988),  120;  (10,209),  920 ; 

(25,646),  1008 
Polkey,   J.,  and  George  Polkey,    Ltd. 

(22,600),  1C08 
Pope,  E.  (11,604),  5S4  ;  (11,605),  708 
Pordes,  B.  (11,359),  373 
Porscke,    H.  P.  R.   L.,   and  J.   A.    E. 

Achenbach  (29,84^),  1008 
Porter,  G.,  and  H.  Isaacs  (10,278),  876 
Possolo,  A.  G.  (10,701),  1008 
Potts,  L.  M.  (6,050),  584 
Poynder,  H.  B.,  and   Submersible  and 

J.-L.  Motors.  Ltd.  (10,655),  920 
Prance,  H.  W.  (17,357),  1008 
Preston,  W.,  and  E.  J.  Selby  (1,616),  328 
Price,  A.  A.  (5,981),  544  ;  (21,932),  792 
„      8.  L.  (5,562),  328;  (15,176),  1008 
Pridham,    E.    S.,    and    P.    L,    Jensen 

(25,696),  748 
Prince,  C.  E.,  and  Marconi's  Wireless 

Telegraph  Co.  (2,456),  204 
Frostier,     N.,    and    Ges.    fur    Elektro- 

technische  Industrie  (26,987),  1048 
Purle,  H.  W.  (15,429),  1008 


r\UINT,  B.  A.  (3,065),  204 

RAILING,  A.  H.,  and  C.  C.  Garrard 
(14,785),  416 
,,  M.  J.,  and    J.    Strachan 

(4,577),  160 
„  M.  J.,  J.    Strachan    and 

H.  J.  Coates  (23,509), 
836 
Ramdohr,  E.  (16,241),  160 
Rappenecker,  .\.  E.  (13,425),  40 
Raymond-Barker,  E.  (8,352),  748 
Record,  J.  W.  (26,241),  (26,242),  (3,464), 

372 
Redman,  8.  G.,  and  C.  H.  Merz  (7,691), 

664  ;  (13,801),  792 
Regnart,  C.  C.  (5,560),  644 


llohdnr,  M.  W.,  and   A.  W.  C.  Vol«hl»- 

hnrrcnr  (»,l36).in8 
Hold,  F.  T.  M.BiW),  M70 
ilfilnnrkx,    K.   C.   A.,   A.  Oclli>l«-W*bb 

and  .).  D.  Wlilt«  (M  SSil,  7W 
|{«lii/,,  K.,  H.  Hirauu  and  R.  von  LI«b«o 

115,975),  634 
IlomlnKt"".    '' .    A  i''. initio    Tricphon* 

Mnr.  ,     W.     Aitkrn 

anil  X  '•1.41,  »30 

Rev,  J.  A. 
Uldor,  A.    I' 
Kelnz,  M.  (H,2(j6i,  ill', 
Rcnncrfelt,  I.  I7,8»7),  873 
Khoden,  J.  K.  I!»,I9(!),  681 
KichnrdH,  U.  (7,<nH|,  544 
Rietkottor,  G.,   and   P.  r;iaeri  (34, 4»), 

1048 
KIgby,  K.  (19,099).  3H4 
RIker,  A.  L.  (3;,197),  876 
Kiley,  L.  Q.  (25,f91),  6'24 
Robb,  J.  B.  M.,  and  .1.  Shaw  (5,807),  (73 
Rodgers  W.,  and  G.  Rowe  (38,637),  1008 
RogerM,  P.  (8,486),  793 
Roose,    H.   E.   R.,  and    W.  T.  FloI»y 

(38,486),  1048 
Rose,    A.    H.,   T.    H.,  and    H.   J.   Levi 

(9,442),  872 
Rosenberg,  E.  iI,9TJ),  338;  (9.883),  896 
Rosher,     N.    B.,    and     F.    J.     MofTatt 

(30,118),  748 
Rotblander,    G.,    and    Capt.    /.    Dan 

(13,414),  1008 
Rothschild,  S.  (14,788),  244 
Rottenburi;,  L.,  and  Nc'v  Transport  Co. 

(Il,i;-<1),  10.18, 
Rottgardt,  K.  (23,875),  748 
Round,  A.,  and  H.  Fisher  (16,493),  823 
„        H.  J.,  and  Marr:onrs  Wireless 
Telegraph  Co.  13,055),  120 
Rowe,  A.  8.  (17,554),  ir08 

„       G.,  and  W.  Rodgers  (28,027),  IOCS 
Rozier,  A.  (6,301),  624 
Rubel,  W.  (15,!)32),  416 
Rumolino,  8.  (6,828),  661 
Ruprecht,  A.  (28,412),  .372 


OA-MAIA,  D.  (10,4»1),  748 

Savin,  J.,  H.  H.  Harrison  and  G.  W. 

Moore  (5,655),  792 
Schaeffer,  A.  ('20,191),  416;  (18,212),  793 

R.  (35,449),  1008 
Scbanzenbacb,  G.,  &  Co.  (23,549),  544 
Schattner,  E,  r20,'247),  836 
Scheinig,  F.  (33,588),  964 
Schenck.  C,  and  D.  J.  Cooke  (9.3E0),  160 
Schiessler,  J.  (4,061),  460;  (27,969),  (4,40Tl, 

544  ;  (18,655),  664 
Sch'ick,  C.  (3.650),  130 
Schmidt,  A.  (14,121),  664 
Schneider,  F.  (18,C8li),  130 

H.  (12.766),  1008 
Schoenberg,  M.  H.  (2,522),  372 
Bcholes,  W.  (10,780  ,920 
Bchott  &  Gen  ('25,518),  372 
Schreiner,    G.,   F.  Buetzer  and   I.   H, 

Weinberg  (21,162),  544 
Schuchardt,  A.  (12,632),  372 
Schuer,  F.  W.  E.  (10,495)  836 
Bchuppisser,  E.  (13,602),  160 
Sohuter,  A.  D.,  and  W.  S.  Smith  (22,534), 

544 
Schwerin,  G.  B,  (14,235),  1049 
Scott,  W.  H.  (20,8-28),  876;  (11,388),  1008 
Secular,   J.  A.,  and  Dick,  Kerr  &  Co. 

(11,455),  836 
Sefton-Jones,    H.    (523),    204;    (14,890), 

10C8 
Seibt,  G.  (16,874),  584 
Selby,  E.  J.,  and  W.  Preston  (1,646),  328 
Shand,  W.  L. ,  and  P.  V.  Hunter  ( 13,355), 

748;  (11,586),  1008 
Sharp,  H.  G.,  and  C.  R.  and  J,  G.  Shaw 

(10,497),  624 

Shaw,  C.  R.,  J.  G.  and  H.   G.  Sharp 

(10,497),  624 

„      J.,  and  J.  E.  M.  Robb  (5,907),  372 

Sheldon,  H.  C.  (3,.i90),  460;  (.•«,0-24),  544 

Shepherd,  F.  W.  H.,  and  R.  H.  S.  Bacon 

(5,33d),  544 
Shonnard,  H.  W.  (11,459),  1008 
Siblev,  J.  T.  (7,369),  160  ;  (7,370),  708 
8iddeIey,H.C.  (1,939),  328 
Sidon,  M.  (27,813),  1008 
Siemens    i    Halske    Akt.-Ges.  (19,0691, 
160;    (i<,499),    244;    (13,116), 
416 ;  (19,356),  748 
Bros.  A  Co.  (1,554),  40;  (16,363), 
120 :    (5,559),    (14,6e8i,    32S ; 
(2,671),  (2,672), (2,743), (13,4161, 
416  ;    (20,914),     544  ;    (2,320), 
584;  (2i,306),  (26,652),  792 
„  Bros.    A    Co.,     and    E.     A. 

Petithory  (21,946),  284 
„  Bros.   Dvnamo  Works,   Ltd., 

and  B.G.  Payne  (16,343), 930 
Bros.  Dvnamo  Works,   Ltd., 

and  F."  Lydall  (6,922),  416 
Bros.  Dvnamo  Works  and  R. 
Brooks  (15,659),  1048 
,,  Bros.    Dynamo    Works    and 

S.  H.  Callow  (15,6601,  1008 
Geb.,  \  Co.  (16.041),  372 
,,  -SchuckertwerkeGes.  (1-^,469), 

244:    (-23,285).   384;    (14,087), 
(S3,341),  372 ;  (15,647),  (21 ,471 ) , 
544;    (8,070),   1008;   (11,957), 
1048 
Siron,E.  (26,8861,644 
Slater,  J.,  4  Co.,  and  C.  R.  .Allensby 

(6,864K  544 
Bluzar,  M.,  and  S.  Worliczka  (2,5171, 416 
Smith,  J.,  and  J.  B.  Parker  (15,0-32), 743 
„      J.  P.  (5,<14),  674 
„      K.  B.  (13,534),  129 
„      W.  S.,  and  A.  D.  Schuter  (33,584), 

544 
,,      W.  T.,   and  J.  E.  Games  (7,817>, 
70S 
Soar,  A.  B.I  13,213),  1048 
8oci(5te  Anon.  Offlcine  Galileo  (12,380>. 
1093 


XIV 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW— INDEX. 


[July  4,  1913. 


Sou,  J.  ll6,9C.li,  748 
Sozzi,  O.  (20.I01).  684 
aparkes,  T.  iT-i,  204 

Sporborg.  }i.  N..  K.  1*.  Whitaker,  British 
Thomson  Iloiistnn  Co.,  andH.VV. 
Taylor  (3,e3i),  120 
Bprenkel,  J.   B.  van  dcr,  J.   .T.   H.  W. 
Weencn  and  H.  W.  11.  J.  Stoflels 
(19,lt)0),  (iG4 
Stassano,  E.  |-21,'~'81l,  40 
Btefani,  E.  de  r23,l-J<i|,  83S 
Steinert,  P.  (19,4-25),  812 
BtenninR.  H.  J.,  and  A.  C.  Cossor,  Ltd. 

(6,9871.120 
Sterling    Teltplione  and    Electric   Co. 

(6,2171.  :iiS:   (6  580i,  8.SC 
Stern,  S.,  aii.i  Bniish  KverUeady  Elec- 
trical Co.  (I9,!<.^i6),  792 
Stewait,  J.  K.  (17,4921,886 
StlUe.C.  (12,709),  372 
Stillman,  C.  K.  i4,7ta).416 
Stitt,  J.  (12,6491,  1008 
Btobie,  V.  (2,081 1,  214 
Stoflels,   H.   W.    G.  J.,  J.  B.  van  der 
Sprenkel  and  J.  J.  H.  W.  Weenen 
(19,U0),  064 
Stone,  J.,  .It  Co.,  and  A.  C.  T.  Ujers 
(10,959',  1006 
„      J.,  t't   Co.,    and    A.    H.    Darker 
(4,078),  600 
Stotz,  H.,  and  CoDipagnie  Elektriciiiits 

Ges.  (23,877),  l(i0 
Strachan    and    Btracban    (S    Hen&haw, 
Ltd.  (190),  584 
J.,  and  M.  J.  Railing  (4,577), 
160 
„  J.,  H.  J.  Coates  and  M.  J. 

Railing  (22.509),  8(6 
Strauss,  8,   R.  von  Lichen  it  G.  Heitz 

(16,1.75),  624 
Strohmcnger,  A.  V.  (11,079),  H;08 
Stuart,  K.  E.  (2,957),  1008 
Sturgeon,  J.  E.  (26,433i,836 
Submersible    and  J.L.    Motors,    Ltd., 
and  T.    L.    R.    Cooper 
(10,651),  920 
„  and  J.-L.  Motori>,Ltd.,and 

H.  B.  Poynder  (10,665), 
920 
Sunderland,  L.,    and  O.    C.    Pillinger 

(7,376),  70S:  (11,486),  1008 
Szek,  J.  T.,  and  A.  (I8,4(M),  748 


TANNAHILL,  J.  B.,and  W.  B.  Boyd 
(12,2:3),  872 
Tasao,  A.  (21,540),  748 
Taylor,  A.  M.  (2,630),  416 

H.  W.,  F.  P.  Whitaker,  H.  W. 
Sporborg  and  British   Thom- 
son-Houston Co.  18,632),  120 
T..  and  L   G.  Byng  (6,052),  460 
Tel-phon  .Apparat  Fabrik  E   Zwietusch 

and  Co.  Ges.  (16,1S1),  1(08 
Telephonfabrik      Akt.-Ge?.      vorm.    J. 
Berhnpr  (16,084),  644  ;  (10,364),  920 
Terry,    H.    F.,     H.    M.    Bigwood    and 
Brotherton   Tube  and   Conduits, 
Ltd.  (24,492),  :(72 
Thierry.  J.  H.  de  (J2,251),  328 
Thode,  A.,  4  Co.  (18.440),  1(» 
Thompson,  J.J.  (20,248),  664 

W.  P.  (24,937),  664:  (16,827), 
74";  (11,537),  10O8 
Tlschcnko,  G.  (8.66-),  116  ;  (f.^SS),  621 
G.,  and  H.  Plauson  (10,882), 
460 
Torikata.    W.,   E.    Ynkoyama  and  M, 

Kitamura  (10,823),  684 
Townsbend,  E.  (387),  204 
Townson,  T.  (6,0'i7),  160 
Treacher,  J.  .12,138),  1008 
Triquet,  P.  G.  (9,314),  792;  (12.270),  1008 
Tiood,  S.,  and  J.  H.  Dale '9,911),  4<.0; 

(9,909),  661;  (9,910),  87G 
Tuch,C.  C.  (2i.851),  372 
Turner,  C.  J.  (13,617),  792 
H.  W.  (5,866),  4bO 
P   S.  (l.S,740),  (16,023),  836 
Twiss,  G.  v.,  and  Bullers,  Ltd.  (fi,386), 

120;  (0,287),  372 
Tyler  Apparatus  Co.  and  £,  H,  Bishop 
(21,179),  1048 


A\ 


'ALKER,  F,  H.  (20,3CG),  514 


u 


BBELOHDE,  L,  (9,208),  921 


VANDERVELL,  C.    a.,    and  A.  H. 
Midgley  (27,501),  541 ;  (8,040),  748 
Venner  Time  Swiiches,  Ltd.,  and  R.  C. 

Qricsbach  (15,366),  872 
Vickers,  Ltd  ,  and  H.  J. CrefTield  (1,280), 

328 
V'idal,  C.   H.,  and    Pintsch's    Electric 

Manufacturing  Co.  (16,471),  644; 

(21,4331,876 
Vlag,  A.  E.J.  (10,111),  372 
Voigt  &  HatfT.ier  Akt.  Ges.  (28.514),  f.l4 
Voigbtobergur,   A.   W.  C,  and  M.  W, 

Rehdcri9,195),  928 
"Volta"     CaMMimnditgesellschaft     fur 

Elektrihchc-  Kleinl>eleuchtungand 

J.  Vohle  i2i;.6ai)i.  624 
"  Vulcan "    Ma.schin(nfabriit    Akt  Ges. 

(20,922),  748 


Wall,  P.  W.  (1.157),  120 

Wallar;e,  J.  M.,  and  British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.  (1S,776),  836 

Wankmuller,  R.  (l«,750i,  1008 

Ward,  O.  E.  (18.072),  2H4 

Warwick  Macbincrr  Co.  (7,497),  100 

Waters,  K.  O.  (U..55'j),  1048 

Watson,  W.  K.  («,678),  160 

Weckerlcin  &  Blocker  (8,986),  791 

Wcdniore,  E.  B  ,  and  British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.  (10,546).  (!',569),  541 

Weencn,  J.  J.  H.  W.,  H.  W.  O.  J. 
Stoffelsand  J.  B.  van  der  Sprenkel 
(19,160),  664 

Wehrlin,  H.  (28,519),  (28,620),  644 

Wtigl,  A.  (8,.598),  792 

Weikel,  E.  E.  &  D.  (21,933),  584 

Weinberg.  I.  H  ,  G.  Scbreiner  and  F, 
Buetzer  (21,162),  544 

Weintraud,  A.  (3,046),  792 

Weisse,  P.  (8,058),  120 

Werth,F.  (16,535),62l 

Wescott.  E.  C.  (2»,967),  83C 

Wessel,  P.,  and  T.  Gysler  (14,120),  244 

Western  Electric  Co.  (1?,604),40;  i9,.W9), 
836;  (16,152),  87);  (16,153).  920; 
(25,090),  1008 

WestinghousoMctaliradenGluhlampen- 
fabrik  Ucs.  (26,289),  876 

Whattam,  E.  W,,  and  L.  A.  Hackett 
(•i7,046),  204 

Whitaker,  F.  P.,  H.  N.  Sporboig, 
British  Thomson-Houston  Co., 
and  H.  W.  Taylor  (3,532),  120 

White,  A.  E.  (10,20^),  KiO 

„      J.  D.,  R.  C.  A.  Reinccke  and  A. 
Ogdvie-Wtbb  (8,-.  32).  792 

Whitie,  W.,  and  A.  E.  Langley  (7,885), 
708 

Wightman,  B.  G.  J.  (6,355),  514 

Wilks,J.  E.  (3,404),  544 

WilUams,  J.  A.  (21,215),  684 
S.  D.  (9,882),  836 

Williamson,  L.  A.  (13,132),  920 

Willis,  P.  C.  J.  (7,118),  748 

WUson,  D.  H.  (9,73 J),  1092 

„       G.  &  C.  J.  (16,758),  664 

E.  J.,  and  Candolite  Co.  (1,17?), 
281 ;  (7,729),  460 

Wintsch,  E.  (18,992),  7« 

Wittlike.  E.  (12,371),  1092 

Woolliscroft,  J.  H.,  and  H.  T.  Booth- 
royd,  Ltd.  (lO,3Ge),  £44 

Wood,  J.  C.  (12,713),  836 

Worliczka,  S.,  and  M.  Sluzar  (2,tl7), 
416 

Worrnop,  C.  H.  (4,933),  544 

Wortmann,  W.  (15,638),  708 

Wright,     A.    J.,    and    W.    W.    Xibloe 
(2,872),  372 
„        R.,  and  Sir  W.  G.  Armstrong, 
Whitworth  &  Co.  (12,761),  40 

Wynne,  A.  (5,462),  460;  (26,517),  B84 ; 
(13,455),  876 


A^-ATES,  F.  L.  (6,116),  416 

Yokoyaraa,  E.,  M.  Katimura  anJ  W, 

Torikata  (10.823),  584 
Young,  A.   P.,  and    British    Thomscn- 

Houston  Co.  (627),  160 


nfABRISKIE,  H,  L,  (13,487),  40 


1913. 


ALLMANNA     Svenska      Elektriska 
.    Aktiebolaget  (7,776),  1048 
Aron,  H.,  Elektricitatszahlerwerkc  (792), 
1C08 


BERGMANN     Elektrizithts    Werke 
Ges.  (4,691),  920 
Bosch,  R.  (6,532),  1008:  (I,f93),  1048 
Boutard,  H.  C,  E.  (3,856),  1008 
Brenner,     W.    H.,    and    Electromotor 

Equipment  Co  (1,433),  1048 
British   Pneumatic  Railway  Bignal  Co, 
and  S.  L.  Glenn  (3,4461,920 
„        Thomson-Houston  Co.  (41M,  876 
„        ThomHOii-Houston  Co.  and  H.  E. 
Biitlon  (4,093),  920 
Britton,  H.   E.,  and   British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.  (4,093),  920 


piHAUMAT,  H.  (1,636),  614 
Conrad,  F,  (6:2),  792 


DUODELL,  W.,   H.    W.   Handcock 
and  A.  H.  Dykes  (5,307),  e64 
Dykes,   A.    H.,  W.Duddcll  and  H,  W. 
Handcock  (6,307),  664 


T^  GERTON,  H.  C.  (2,749),  748 

Electromotor  Equipment  Co.,  and  W.  H. 

Brenner  (1,433),  1018 
Engle,  G.  8.  (2,893),  (2,3a6),  1018 


"LTRETTES,  C.  de  (8,006),  718 
Fuller,  C.  V.  (8,704),  836 


GLENN,   8.   L.,   and  British   Pneu- 
matic Railway  signal  Co.  (8,446), 
920 
Grissinger,    E.    (2,929),    (2,931),    (8,687), 

(3,780),  748;  (2,928),  920 
Gruber,  T.  (4,297),  748 


H 


AEFELV,  E.  (119),  1048 


Handcock,  H.  W.,  A.  H.  Dykes  and  W. 

Duddell  (6,307),  664 
Ilarker,  G.,  and  E.  K.  Scott  (866),  1C08 


rOEL,  H.  F.  (6,073),  920 


KETTERING,    C.    F.    (6,5161,    664; 
(501),  748  • 
Kisshazy,  B.  (1,579),  880 
Korting  &   Mathieseu  Akt,-Qes.    (263), 

684  ;  (318  ,  9iO 
Krupp,  Fried.,  Akt,-Ges.  (5,872),  1018 


■JY^FAXWELL,  F.  8.  (6,802),  748 


PARSONS,  L  H.,  and  H.  R.  Wadding- 
ton  (4,890),  1048 
Perry,  G.  W.,  and  Siemens  Bros,  &  Co. 

(1,899),  1008 
Poole,  W.J.  (1,766),  876 


-p  ICKETTS,  W.  J.  (2,897),  792 
Bouzet,  L,  (947),  748 


O  AHULKA,  J,  (6,179),  1008 

Scott,  E.  K..  and  G.  Barker  (366),  IOCS 
Siemens  &  Halske  Akt.  Ges.  (1,061),  792 
Bros.  &    Co.    (913),   836;   (94a), 

876 
Bros.  &  Co.,  and  G.  W.  Perry 
(1,899),  1008 
„        -Scbuckertwerke     G.m.b.H. 
(1,047),  (3,627).  1003 
Signal  Gesellschatc  (2,184),  544;  (2,185), 

584 
Smith,  H.  (2,1^2),  (2,199),  1018 
Spirelli,  V.  (2,471),  748 
Sterling   Telephone    and    Electric    Co, 

(7,593),  83[i 
Stuart,  K.  E.  (3,583),  1QC8 


1ATTER3ALL,  T.  W.  (1,205),  664 


WADDINGTON,  H.  R.,  and  T.  H. 
Parsons  (4,890),  1048 


PATENTS  EXPIBING  IN  1913, 


A   BEL,  C.  D.  (617),  919 

Albion  Clay  Co.  and  R.  Lawton  (20,656), 

1007 
AldridKC,  J.  G.  W.  (13,509),  964 
Aron,  H.,  and  Aron  Electricity  Meter, 

Ltd.  (7,277),  f20;  (21,851),  (21,365), 

1007 


"O  ARREAU,  M.  J.  (13,561),  904 

Braun,  F.  (1,862),  919 

F.,     and     W,     P.     Thompson 
(22,020),  1001 
Bremer,   H,    (14,703),    (14,701),    (21,637), 

1007 
Brown,  S.  G.  (1,431),  919;  (17,786),  1007 
,,        S.  G.,  and    J.  A.  L,  Oearlovc 
(24,430l,  10<j2 
Browne,  N.  (1,270),  919 


DEABLOVE,  J.   A.   L.,  and  S.    G. 
Brown  (24,460),  1092 
Dowsing,  B.  J.  (4,124),  919 
Dufton,  A.,  an.l  W.  M.  Gardner  (33,476). 
1092 


-p^DMUNDS,  H.  (15,4181, 1007 

Egger,  J.,  F.  Hilberstein,  A.  Pollak  and 

J.  Virag  (5.932),  920 
Elphinstone,  G.  K.  B.,  and  G.  C.  Fraser 

(8,228),  964 


FERREIRA,  M.  G.  L.  dc,  and  B,  J. 
Pryce  (214),  919 
Frampton,  A.  S.,  and  F.  L.  Muirhead 

(25,340,  1092 
Franzen,  C.  (635),  919 
Fraser,  G.  C,  and  G.  K.  B.  Elphinstone 
(8,223),  961 


C^  ARDNFR,  W.  M.,  and  A,  Dufton 
T     123,476),  iOa 
Gill,  A.  U.,  and  E.  J.  Preston  (9,8:2), 

964 
Guett,  M,  (17,386),  1007 


H 


EINRICH,  R.  0.  A.  (66,686),  920 


Biggins,  F.  H.  W.  (6,229),  920 
Hollick,  T.  D.  (13,616),  1007 
Holmes,  J.  H„and  F.Broadtent  (1,801 
919 


TMRAY,  J,  (7,4271,964 

T  UNGNER,  E.  W.  (7,89; ),  961 

TA  ANDO,  C.  de  (16,960),  (16,961),  1007 
Kingsbury,  J.  E.  (24,718),  1C92 


T   AKE,  H.  B.  (21,881),  1091 

Lawton,  R.,  and  Albion  Clay  Co,  (20,665), 

1007 
Leigh  (7,370),  920 


MARCONI,  G.,  and  Marconi's  Wire- 
less Telegraph  and  Signal    Co. 
(5,657),  (6,'J8j),920;    (25,186),  1098 
Muirhead,  A.  (516),  919;  (7,623),  964 

„  F.  L.,  and  A.  S.  Frampton 

(25,846),  1C92 


o 


TTO,  M.  (6,883),  920 


PERRY,  G.  W.,  and  Siemens  Bros, 
and  Co.  (6,319),  920 
Pollak,  A.,  J.  Virag,  J.  Egger  and  F. 

Silberstein  (5,932),  92U 
Poulsen.V.  (8,961),  961 
Preston,  E.  J.,  and  A.  B.  Gill  (9,88!), 
961 


"piTCIIIE,  F.  (24,048),  1092 

Rowntree,   H.    (21,778),    1091;    (26,767), 
(25,768),  1092 


OlEMENS  Bros.    &  Co.  and  G.  W, 

k^     Perry  (6.849),  920 

Silberstein,  F,,  A.  Pollak,  J.  Viiag  and 

J.  Egger  (5,932),  920 
Swan,  A.  (16,006),  1007 


rriHOMPSON,  W.  P.  (14,804),  1007 

W.   P.,  and  F.   Braun 
(22,020),  1091 
Tidswell,  J.  (18.457),  1007 


VIRAG,  J.,  J.  Egger,  F.  Silberstein 
and  A.  Pollak  (5,982),  9J0 


w 


ISE,  W.  L.  (28,601),  1092 


Printed  by  W«.  Citb,  Lit,.,  147-150,  Gt.  Saffron  Hill,  Charterhouse  Street,  E.C.,  and  Published  by  Ik*  Proprietors,  U.  ALiUiSTSE.  GiTiuoosi  &  Co.,  4,  Ludgate  Hill,  London- 


'rxiB 


EXjEOTJ^IC-A-Hj    I^/EATIE'W. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


.lANIIAHY  3,  191ii. 


No.  1,882. 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


luri— 1913. 


Vol.  l.XXU.I 


C()N'1'MNTS  :  .laiiuaiy  8,  lUlH. 


1  No.  1 ,893. 
Page 


l>ll2-rji:!         

The  American  Underwriters  and  Civnadian  Tradi' 
The  Berlin  Railway  Conversion  Scheme   ... 

Train  Liprhtinfj  and  Burning:  

Increasing  Steam  Plant  Etlicienoies  

Oorrespondence  : — 

Karthinjj  the  Neutral  (iZ/7a.) 

Electric  Cranes 

The  Case  of  the  Sub-Man        

Iligh-Tension  n.C.  in  Mines 

Notes  from  India       

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Tramway  Feeding  Networks  (iHw*.)  (w7(^/h««(0      

The  Turbo  Converter 

Modern  Methods  of  Electric  Wiring 

The  Physical  Society  Exhibition  ((/?«.?.)  (co«^i>merf)      

Legal 

Business  Notes  

liridging  Australia  by  Wireless  (iZZ«s.)     

Electrical  Deck  Machinery  on  the  as.  "  Fauvette  "  (illus.) 

Notes 

City  Notes       

Market  Quotations 

Stocks  and  Shares      

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies  

Metal  Market.— Fluctuations  in  December  

The  Protection  and  Preservation  of  Standing  Telegraph  and 

Telephone  Poles 

Report  to  the  Board  of  Trade  on  the  Underwriters'  Labora- 
tories (Inc.),  Chicago        

Trade  Statistics  of  Australia  

Another  View  on  the  Co-Partnership  Question 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1912      

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications 


Oontractors'  Column         Advertisement  pages  xxiv,  xxvi  and  xxviii 


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THE    UNIVERSAL    ELECTRICAL    DIRECTORY 

1913   EDITION 

In.    Px>eii£LX<a.tloxi. 

H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4,  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  E.G. 


WuKN  these  lines  appear  in  print,  tlie  majority  of  our  readers 
will  be  too  busily  enj^uged  about  their  business  to  study  a 
detailed  review  of  the  electrical  doings  of  a  jtaatyear.  Every- 
body specialises  nowadays,  and  therefore  every  reader  knows 
what  has  been  hapjxjning  in  his  own  particular  line. 
Nevertheless,  it  is  as  well  for  us  all  to  take  a  comprehensive 
view  of  the  whole  of  the  departments  of  the  science  and 
industry  occasionally,  and  the  passing  of  one  year  and  the 
opening  of  another  provide  a  fitting  opjiortunity  for  brief 
general  retrospection  or  review.  To  meet  thU  need,  and 
this  alone,  do  we  touch  the  subject  here. 

Notwithstanding  the  depressing  influences  of  the  recent 
Christmas  weather,  we  approach  the  subject  in  a  satisfied 
mood  whether  we  look  backward  over  the  achievements 
in  1912  or  venture  forward  into  1913.  Our  satisfaction 
is  modified  somewhat  by  the  recollection  that  1912, 
like  the  year  that  preceded  it,  was  a  period  when  the  rela- 
tions of  employers  and  (employed  were  seriously  disturbed. 
The  increasing  cost  of  living  coupled  with  the  prevalence 
of  excellent  trade  and  the  continuance  in  office  of  a 
Government  credited  with  a  willingness  to  grant 
legislation  in  a  hurry  at  the  bidding  of  "organised  labour, 
brought  clamour  from  many  sides  for  a  larger  share  of  the 
profits,  and  w'ithout  here  entering  into  the  merits  of  such 
questions,  we  must  remember  them  here  as  factors  which 
daring  the  year  brought  grave  disquiet  and  handicap  to  those 
representing  the  control  of  Industry.  Electrical  engineering 
firms  remember  only  too  well  how  the  strikes  among  the 
colliery  workers,  the  transport  workers,  and  the  "  not-in- 
the-Police-Court-sense "  railway  men,  have  harassed  them 
in  their  productive  and  distributive  operations,  and  all 
of  us  will  profoundly  hope  that  in  view  of  the  large  con- 
cessions granted,  or  the  lessons  severely  learned,  industry 
will  be  allowed  to  settle  down  peacefully  for  awhile  to 
handling  a  record  volume  of  business.  While  it  is  right 
that  the  interests  of  the  worker  should  be  studied  in 
our  schemes  of  social  legislation,  nothing  is  so  serious  a 
disturbing  factor  in  industrial  affairs  as  sweeping  legislative 
reforms  passed  without  mature  deliberation.  If  we  appear 
to  dwell  too  fully  upon  this  point,  it  is  because  nobody 
can  either  faithfully  record  the  past,  or  intelligently  antici- 
pate the  future,  without  recognising  how  important  an 
influence  labour  disaffection  must  ever  have. 

Passing  now  from  larger  mattei-s  and  those  which  have  a 
general  bearing  upon  all  sections  of  electrical  and  engineering 
activity,  we  may  turn  with  the  greatest  possible  satisfaction 
to  the  position  of  individual  electrical  departments.  It  does 
not  matter  which  way  we  turn — with  the  solitary  exception 
of  the  tramway  field — there  are  evidences  of  a  splendid 
improvement  having  taken  place  during  the  past  year,  and 
as  we  start  out  upon  1913,  not  only  is  there  no  falling- 
off  in  the  rate  of  progress,  but  there  is  in  prospect  more 
business,  in  both  the  larger  and  smaller  classes  of  manu- 


[11 


THP:     electrical     review.       [Vol.  72.    No.  1,832,  January  is,  1913. 


factnres,  ihan  ever  before.  One's  thoughts  naturally  turn  to 
the  Lrratifyinji;  progress  in  electric  heating  and  cooking,  as 
the  result  of  the  cultivation  of  the  domestic  and  trade 
consumer  :  to  the  large  reiiuirements  of  electrical  supply 
authorities  for  new  plant,  and  in  some  cases  entire  new 
stations ;  to  the  great  headway  that  is  being  made 
in  the  wireless  telegraph  sphei'e ;  to  the  progress  of 
railleas  electric  traction  and  the  petrol -electric  'bus  ;  to  the  new 
telephone  situation  following  the  transfer,  which  is  giving, 
and  must  continue  to  give,  rise  to  very  big  requirements 
for  apparatus  and  equipments  both  for  new  exchanges  and 
for  the  users'  premises  (automatic  working  is  the  outstanding 
development  of  the  year)  :  to  the  extraordinary  advance  that 
was  made  in  the  electric  power  department,  both  independently 
of,  and  as  a  result  of.  the  miners'  strike,  when  hundreds  of 
ihdustrial  works  turned  to  public  supplies  of  slectricity  for  the 
first  time  ;  and  finally,  and  quite  as  encouraging,  if  not  more  so 
than  all  the  rest,  the  long-delayed  movement  in  the  railway 
electrification  department  which  has  come  at  last,  as  witness 
the  great  triple  event  of  the  closing  months  of  1912 — 
the  decisions  to  proceed  with  the  equipment  of  li"»o  route 
miles  of  electric  railway  at  Melbourne,  of  7'.'  track  miles  on  the 
L.  iV  X.AV.  Railway,  and  of  73  track  miles  on  the  L.  &  S.W. 
Railway.  All  of  these  will  be  worked  on  the  direct-current 
system.  The  Central  London  tube  extension  to  Liverpool 
Stieet  was  completed  in  1912,  and  the  East  London  is  at 
last  in  the  electrical  contractors'  hands,  while  the  L.B.  A  S.C. 
liailway  has  brought  the  single-phase  system  into  ojieration 
on  some  ailditional  lines. 

Now  that  we  have  got  so  far  in  the  i-ailway  department, 
there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  even  in  this  long 
prayed-for  circle,  widesjiread  revival  and  conversion  will 
speedily  spread.  Closer  working  arrangements  have  been 
entered  into  by  many  of  the  metropolitan  tube,  motor-'bus 
and  tramway  companies,  which,  it  seems,  must  make  for 
increased  efficiency  and  convenience. 

The  triumphant  progress  of  the  steam  turbine,  which  is 
now  being  built  of  no  less  than  ;10,000  Kw.  capacity,  and 
the  increasing  use  of  the  Diesel  engine,  which  is  being 
rapidly  developed  lor  ship  propulsion,  and  will  therefore  soon 
be  available  in  large  sizes  for  central-station  work,  call  for 
notice,  and  we  should  not  omit  mention  of  the  start  which 
has  been  made  in  the  adoption  of  electric  transmission  on 
board  ship. 

Each  of  these  items  would  make  an  excellent  text  for  an 
article  devoted  solely  to  its  own  development  and  prospects, 
but  we  think  the  mere  recitiil  given  above  serves  sufficiently 
to  indicfite  broadly  how  general  is  the  electrical  advance 
that  is  now  proceeding. 

That  the  reorganisation  of  the  Institution  of  p]lectrical 
Engincei-s,  with  the  establishment  of  standing  committees  to 
(leal  with  industry  and  reseanli,  will  strengthen  the  position 
of  the  Institution  and  promote  tlie  best  interests  of  all 
engaged  in  electrical  work  we  all  hope  and  believe,  and  we 
look  forward  confidently  to  a  continuance  of  that  piosperity 
with  which  the  New  Year  lias  commenced. 


THE    AMERICAN    UNDERWRITERS   AND 
CANADIAN    TRADE. 


We  publish  elsewhere  in  this  issue  an  exhaustive  rejjort  to 
the  Board  of  Trade,  prepared  by  Mr.  0.  Hamilton  Wickes, 
on  the  American  Underwriters'  Laboratories  (Inc.),  its  consti- 
tution and  the  scope  of  its  operations,  and  their  effect  upon 
the  importation  of  British  manufactures  into  the  Dominion  of 
Canada.  As  we  have  already  indicated,  this  is  one  of  the  first 
pieces  of  work  to  result  from  Mr.  Hamilton  Wickes's  appoint- 
ment a.s  H.M.  Trade  Commissioner  in  the  Dominion,  and  we 


commend  it,  together  with  the  conclusions  and  recommenda- 
tions which  it  contains,  to  the  serious  study  of  all  who  are 
interested  in  the  promotion  and  extension  of  British  elec- 
trical trade  across  the  Atlantic ;  more  especially  do  we 
ask  our  manufacturers  to  weigh  the  whole  matter  as 
one  concerning  which  it  is  their  duty  to  have  a  conviction, 
and  to  express  an  opinion.  Indeed,  let  all  of  us  determuie 
that,  the  matter  having  been  carried  thus  far  by  one  of  His 
Majesty's  representatives,  whatever  lies  in  human  power  to 
give  the  question  a  full  hearing  and  a  fair  discussion  shall 
be  done  ;  and  if  the  definite  proposal  that  is  advanced  com- 
mends itself  as  the  best  method  of  dealing  with  the  situation 
that  has  arisen,  let  us  all  strive  to  ensure  that  something 
very  tangible  shall  emerge. 

Every  student  of  the  Canadian  electrical  trade  position 
has  something  to  say  about  the  Underwriters'  organisation 
and  its  adverse  influence  from  the  British  electrical  manu- 
facturer's point  of  view  ;  but  perhaps,  if  we  get  to  under- 
stand better,  as  this  report  may  enable  us  to  do,  the  reasons 
which  gave  birth  to  this  undertaking,  and  the  work  that  it 
has  done  in  the  way  of  fire  prevention,  and  the  absence  of 
British  electrotcchnical  co-operation  and  guidance  in  con- 
nection with  its  procedure,  we  may  be  able  to  clear  away 
prejudices,  the  removal  of  which  may  prepare  the  way  for  the 
introduction  of  influences  which  will  tell  in  favuur  of  British 
manufacturers  in  the  future. 

At  this  juncture  it  is  not  our  intention  to  pronounce  any 
very  definite  view  respecting  the  details  of  the  new  scheme, 
though  we  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  in  principle  the  pro- 
posal appears  to  contain  very  reasonable  advice.  The  right 
thing  for  us  to  do  at  this  moment  is  to  invite  opinions  from 
those  who  are  actively  engaged  in  manufacturing  and  export- 
ing. The  Trade  Commissioner  has  done  his  part,  we  have 
done  ours  in  giving  the  matter  such  complete  publicity,  and 
it  now  remains  for  our  firms — their  principals,  managers, 
and  other  experienced  representatives — to  express  them- 
selves and  to  get  to  work  on  this  side  considering  the 
wisdom  of  the  proposal,  and  devising  means  for  carrying 
it  into  effect. 

Briefly  stated,  what  is  recommended  is  that  British  elec- 
trical engineers  should  take  a  leaf  out  of  the  American  book 
and  equip  their  own  laboratories  in  the  United  Kingdom,  on 
the  same  lines  as  the  American.  The  more  the  suggested 
British  laboratory  works  in  conjunction  with  the  Chicago 
authority,  obtaining  the  right  to  use  its  labels,  the  more 
likely  is  it  that  British  manufacturei-s  will  gain  the 
advantage  not  only  in  meeting  the  wants  of  Canada,  but  in  even 
opening  up  to  themselves  the  United  States  electrical  market, 
for  the  use  of  the  labels  mentioned  would  csvrry  equal  com- 
mendation to  all  inspectors  throughout  North  America.  The 
necessity  for  co-operation  must  be  emphasised.  Independent 
British  action  in  such  a  case  would  be  fatal.  It 
would  seem  that  nothing  short  of  a  laboratory  in 
England,  which  will  be  practicallij  an  offshoot  of  the 
rndmvrikrs'  Laboratories  (Lie),  of  Chiragn,  will  meet 
the  case.  It  must  be  run  on  similar  lines,  utilising  the 
experience  gained  at  Chicago,  employing  equally  competent, 
but  British,  consulting  and  technical  engineers.  It  is 
suggested  that  the  article  approved  by  label  or  tab  should  be 
accepted  by  both  the  British  and  the  Chicago  laboratories,  the 
same  careful  system  of  experiments  and  tests  being  followed 
by  the  consideration  of  reports  before  they  are  issued,  and 


Voi.7i:.   No.  i,83i>,jANt;Auv  :i,  101,1.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


tho  ii(l()])tion  of  lIk;  siiiiif,  or  a  similar,  HyHtcm  of  labelling', 
tabs  and  inspection. 

The  foregoing  is  in  barest  outline  the  idea  now  udvanccd, 
but  there  arc  many  reasons  why  tlie  entire  reitort  should  be 
read  before  anyone  attempts  to  criticise  it,  for  there  are 
various  detaile  which,  if  ignored,  would  leave  one  witii  an 
incomplete  idea  of  the  position.  One  word  more — let  it  be 
remembered  that  the  Chicago  organisation  will  welcome  any 
such  movement  as  is  suggested  in  the  liope  of  minimising 
fire  risks,  and  is  in  no  sense  to  be  regarded  as  having  lioetile 
interests.  British  apparatus  possessing  outstanding  tire 
preventive  qualities  will  be  welcomed  on  their  merits  if 
they  bear  the  stamp  or  label  of  authority,  and  knowing  the 
high  quality  of  the  material  that  our  electrical  manufacturers 
are  in  the  habit  of  producing  in  the  interests  of  public  safety, 
we  feel  that  it  should  stand  a  good  chance  of  passing  the 
test  and  Te\x)rt  stages  satisfactorily. 


The 


The  Government  scheme  for  the  con- 
version to  electric  traction  of  the  Berlin 


it  api)ear8  that  the  State  railway  authorities  have  the 
option  of  purchasing  the  whole  of  the  generating  plant  and 
transmission  lines  during  the  term  of  the  agreement,  on 
certain  conditions  wliich  have  Ijeen  formulated.  This  is  u 
new  propfjsiil,  the  oiiject  of  which  is  presumably  to  disarm 
the  opposition  which  has  lieen  aroused  by  the  possibility  of 
the  creation  of  a  monopoly  in  the  supply  O)  the  railway". 
No  obligations  have,  however,  lx;en  assumed  V>y  the 
State  railway  authorities  in  the  matter,  and  it  is,  there- 
fore, possible  1,0  enter  into  negotiations  with  other  under- 
takings for  the  supply  of  energy,  us  oicasion  may  arise.  The 
[iroceedings  before  the  Commission  of  the  I'russian  Diet 
elicited  the  statement  that  trials  have  already  \KtiU 
made  of  new  types  of  steam  locomotives,  but  that  elec- 
trical working  is  more  economical,  and  that  the  pfjssibilily 
exists  of  an  extension  of  the  latter  method  on  other  railwayc, 
apart  from  those  in  Berlin. 


Berlin  Railway  ^j         j    j       ^    suburban    railways,  has 
Conversion  •''  ,    ,  .u      ..     .•        r 

Scheme.         recently  been  engaging  the  attention  or  a 

Commission  of  the  Prussian  Diet.     The 
project  was  brought  forward  in  the  last  session  of  the  Diet,  but 
was  postponed  inconsequence  of  the  doubts  expressed  in  various 
quarters,  and  also  because  proof  was  desired  that  the  same 
results  could  not  be  attained  by  the  use  of  more  powerful 
steam    locomotives    and    at  a    smaller    expenditure    than 
£6,300,000,  the  sum  contemplated  under  theelectrical  scheme. 
In  the   meantime  a  fresh  memorandum  has  been  prepared 
and  submitted  for  the  consideration  of  the  Commission.     It 
appears  that  the  steam  interests  have  presented  a  scheme  for 
a  six-axle  tender  locomotive  weighing  about  100  tons,  and 
working   with   superheated   steam.      The  document  states 
that  a  comparison  of  this  type  with  the  proposed  electrical 
system   shows  that   the  former  cannot  compete  with   the 
latter  either  from  a  working  or  an  economical  point  of  view. 
If  guarantees  could   be  obtained   for  the  certain  carrying- 
out  of  the  services  it  would  only  be  possible  to  operate  32 
steam  trains  per  hour  in  either  direction  on  the  City  railway, 
■with  a  seating  capacity  for  19,500  passengers,  whereas  elec- 
trical  working   will   permit   of   40   trains    per  hour   with 
accommodation  for  24,400    persons.     The   introduction    of 
heavier  locomotives  would  involve  an  outlay  of  £4,450,000, 
as  compared  with  £6,300,000  in  the  case  of  electricity,  but 
the  annual  expenses,   including    interest  and  depreciation 
on  the  new  capital,  would  be  £295,000  less  in  the  case  of 
electrical  working.    The  deficiency  on  operating  the  railways 
in  1910  was  £18,000  and  it  w^s  £23,000  in  1911,  -whilst 
in  19 1()  the  deficit,  without  providing  for  depreciation  and 
interest    on    capital,   would    amount    to    £117,000   with 
electricity,  and  as  much  as  £498,000  with  steam  locomotion. 
It  is  therefore  considered  that  the  latter  can  no  longer  be 
taken  into  consideration.      An   increase   in  the  passenger 
fares  is  foreshadowed    on   the   ground    that   at  least  the 
deficiency  in   working   must  be  avoided   and  4  per  cent, 
interest  obtained  on  the  new  capital  expenditure.     A  further 
point  of  interest  relates  to  the   supply  of  power  for  the 
operation  of  the  railways.     As  will  be  remembered,  a  private 
group  of  manufacturers  have  offered  to  furnish  the  necessary 
energy  for  a  period  of  30  years  by  the  erection  of  central 
stations,  at  least  one  of  which  would  utilise  lignite  as  fuel. 
The  offer  ranges  from  3*3  pfennigs  to  3"8  pfennigs  (•387d. 
to  •44Gd.)  per  KW.-hour  delivered  on  the  railway  side  of  the 
station,  and  according  to  the  quantity  required. 


In  our  issue  of  September  27th  wc 
Train  Lighting  j  attention  once  more  to  the  dangers 
and  Burning.  ,.  ,   .  .,  •  , 

of    lighting    railway    trains    with    gas, 

referring  particularly  to  the  accident  at  Ditton  .lunction, 
whereby  15  persons  lost  their  lives,  and  several  were 
burnt.  We  had  no  hesitation,  in  view  of  the  evidence 
then  available,  in  ascribing  the  burning  of  the  wrecked 
coaches  to  the  use  of  gas,  and  the  report  of  Dieut.-Col.  Sir  H.  A. 
Yorke  to  the  Board  of  Trade,  of  which  we  give  extracts  on 
another  page,  fully  confirms  our  conclusion.  The  Inspector 
recalls  that  Major  Pringle,  reporting  on  the  Hawes 
Junction  accident  in  1911,  expressed  the  view  that  electric 
lighting  should  be  adopted  in  place  of  gas,  and  he  supports 
this  recommendation,  stating  that  "  so  far  as  safety  is  con- 
cerned, there  can  hardly  exist  in  anyone's  mind  a  doubt 
that  electricity  is  the  better."  He  thinks  that  the  railway 
companies  would  be  wise  to  recognise  this  fact,  and  to  adopt 
electricity  on  all  their  main-line  trains  before  they  are  com- 
pelled to  do  so  by  the  pressure  of  public  opinion. 

We  gather  from  the  report  that,  after  the  previous 
accident,  the  Board  of  Trade  made  representations  to  the 
railway  companies  to  the  same  effect,  and  we  welcome  this 
praiseworthy  action.  Our  contemporary,  the  Ga'<  WorJi/, 
objects  that  the  Board  of  Trade,  in  doing  so,  has  gone  ahead 
of  public  opinion,  but  surely  this  is  a  matter  for  congratula- 
tion rather  than  reproach — it  is  a  pity  the  phenomenon  is  so 
rare  !  Our  contemporary  makes  a  mysterious  reference  to 
"  the  more  than  doubtful  record  of  the  proposed  substitute, 
electricity,"  which,  we  must  confess,  has  left  us  dumb- 
founded. 

We  challenge  the  Gas  World  to  cite  a  single  instance,  in 
any  part  of  the  world,  where  the  electric  lighting  equipment 
of  a  railway  train  has  even  been  accused  of  causing  a  fii'e 
after  a  collision.  It  should  know  better  than  to  remark 
that  "  the  contemplation  of  an  express  train  rushing 
through  the  night  for  two  hours  without  a  stop  with  a 
short-circuit  at  work  is  not  consohng."  If  fire  were  to 
break  out — from  any  cause — on  a  train  in  motion,  common 
sense  would  stop  the  train  and  let  the  passengers  get  out. 
But  who  ever  heard  of  a  short-circuit  on  a  train  enduring 
for  even  two  minutes  ? 

Major  Pringle's  report  referred  to  the  Hawes  Junction 
disaster  as  the  first  occasion  on  which  it  could  be  "  proved 
beyond  question  "  that  the  fire  was  caused  by  burning  gas  : 
but  on  previous  occasions  Board  of  Trade  inspectors  had 
pointed  out  the  dangers  of  gas,  and  we  have  before  us  a  list 
of  no  fewer  than  13  instances  since  the  year  is87  in  which 
railway  accidents  abroad  were  followed  by  fires  ascribed  to 
the  presence  of  gas.  We  are  glad  to  know  that  the  number 
of  British  coaches  lighted  with  electricity  is  increasing 
yearly,  but  may  not  the  process  of  reform  be  hastened  by 
the  teachings  of  foreign  experience,  as  well  as  by  our  insular 
holocau|ts  ? 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,      ivoi.72.  No.  1,832,  jantjaby,  3, 1913. 


INCREASING  STEAM  PLANT  EFFICIENCIES. 


1!y  kdward  ixgham,  a.m.im.e. 


Co.NsiitKRiXf;  the  higli  wt)rkiiig  efficiencies  of  the  boilers, 
and  the  low  steam  consiiniptions  of  the  engines  and  turbines 
at  electric  lighting  and  power  stations  which  are  obtained  at 
the  present  time,  it  would  appear  that  the  scoiic  for  further 
improvement  is  somewhat  limited.  "Witli  regard  to  the 
engines  and  turbines,  this  is,  perhaps,  to  a  large  extent 
the  case ;  but  as  regards  the  boilers,  there  are  various 
ways  in  which  it  seems  possible  ,  to  increase  the  present 
etliciencies,  and  in  this  article  it  is  proposed  to  point  out  how 
such  imjjrovements  may  be  effected. 

The  proper  combustion  of  the  fuel  is,  of  course,  a  point  of 
the  first  importance  ;  but  so  much  has  been  written  bearing 
on  this  question,  that  little  need  be  said  about  it  here. 
There  can  be  no  (|uestion  that  excessive  losses  may,  and  do, 
occur  as  a  result  of  imperfect  combustion,  the  admission  of 
excessive  ijuantities  of  air  to  the  furnaces,  &c.  Indeed,  in  a 
guat  many  instances  the  Avorking  efficiency  might  easily  be 
improved  by  5  or  even  10  per  cent,  by  properly  regulating 
the  air  supply.  As  illustratu)g  what  can  be  done  in  certain 
cases  by  careful  attention  to  the  boiler  plant,  it  might  be 
mentioned  that  at  the  Loughborough  Electricity  Works  the 
gt  nerating  costs  per  unit  were  reduced  by  no  less  than  44  per 
cent,  merely  by  using  a  more  suitable  class  of  fuel,  reducing 
air  leakage  and  generally  obtaining  more  perfect  combustion 
of  the  fuel. 

Where  many  boilers  are  concerned,  as  is  the  case  at  all 
large  central  stations,  it  is  certainly  advisable  to  install  a 
C()2  recorder  in  the  boiler  room,  as  such  an  instrument  pro- 
vides the  fireman  with  a  means  of  ascertaining  whether  or 
not  h(!  is  getting  the  best  results,  and  he  can  the  n  regulate 
the  air  supjily,  Ac,  accordingly.  After  all,  the  fireman  is  a 
most  important  factor  in  the  attainment  of  high  boiler 
efficiencies,  particularly  where  hand-firing  is  practised,  and 
for  this  reason  it  will,  generally  speaking,  pay  to  adopt  a 
bc-nus  system  for  the  fireman,  as  a  pecuniary  incentive  will 
certainly  go  a  long  way  towards  reducing  the  coal  bill. 
The  large  influence  the  fireman  has  on  the  working  results 
is  well  illustrated  by  tests  which  have  been  carried  out  from 
time  to  time.  In  one  instance  four  good  stokers  were  made 
to  fire  a  large  Lancashire  boiler,  one  after  the  other,  the 
cc'nditions  being  maintained  as  far  as  possible  the  same,  and 
it  was  found  that  there  was  a  difference  in  economy  of  as 
much  as  23  per  cent,  between  the  best  and  the  worst  fire- 
man. In  another  test,  carried  out  by  Messrs.  Davy  Bios., 
of  Sheffield,  five  men  were  made  to  fire  the  same  boiler,  and 
whereas  the  best  man  evaporated  9  lb.  of  water  per  lb.  of 
coal,  the  worst  only  succeeded  in  evaporating  7*4  lb.,  repre- 
senting a  difference  of  22  per  cent. 

Considerable  savings  may  often  be  made  by  carrying  out 
calorific  tests  of  the  various  fuels  available,  ccmbined  with 
piactical  trials  extended  over  a  few  days'  supply  to  the 
station.  This  enables  the  engineer  to  choose  the  fuel  whicli 
costs  least  per  unit,  and  by  so  doing  the  annual  coal  bill 
n)ay  often  be  reduced  very  considerably.  Coals  having  high 
calorific  value?,  and  free  from  dirt,  are  not  always  the 
cheapest  to  use. 

Mechanical  stoking,  whilst  it  may  not  show  much  ad- 
vantage over  hand  stoking  in  the  case  of  a  small  station,  will 
certainly  do  so  where  large  stations  are  concerned,  as  by  its 
adoption  the  firing  is  more  even  and  regular,  and  the  ccm- 
bustion,  therefore,  more  efficient,  whilst  the  losses  arising 
fr<  ni  the  admission  of  large  quantities  of  cold  excess  air 
through  the  fire-doors  and  through  holes  in  the  bed  of  fuel 
are  avoided. 

The  cost  cf  labour  is  also  greatly  reduced,  especially  when 
the  machine  stokers  are  used  in  crnjuDCtion  with  coal  ele- 
vating and  conveying  plant. 

Good  draught  is  another  important  factor,  as  without 
such,  perfect  cf>mbuftion  is  impofsible.  Mechiinical  draught, 
either  forced  or  induced,  pcsesses  a  great  advantage  over 
natural  draught,  inasmuch  as  it  enables  the  fires  to  be  worked 
thicker,  which  tends  towards  ecoromy,  whilst  the  air  re- 
(juired  for  combustiejn  is  brought  into  mere  intimate  ccntnet 
with  the  fuel,  and  more  ccal  per  gq.  ft.  of  fire-giate  can  be 
burned  than  would  otherwise  be  possible.  • 


At  clce;trlc  generating  stations  in  particular,  mechanieral 
draught  i§  of  great  advantage,  because  at  such  places  the 
load  frecjuently  changes  quickly  and  to  a  large  extent, 
owing  to  fogs,  dark  clouds,  iV;c.  With  mechanical  draught 
the  intensity  of  the  draught  can  be  regulated  according  to 
requirements. 

One  way  in  which  it  seems  possible  to  increase  steam 
boiler  efficiencies  is  by  heating  the  air  required  for  the  ccni- 
bustion  of  the  fuel  before  admitting  it  to  the  furnaces,  the 
heat  in  the  products  of  combustion  being  utilised  for  this 
purpe)se.  It  has  indeed  been  found  possible  to  effect  an 
economy  of  15  per  cent,  in  this  way  by  suitably  arranging 
the  boiler  house  and  flues,  and  there  is,  no  doubt,  considerable 
scope  for  improvement  in  this  direction. 

It  has  been  frequently  suggested  that  the  furnace  of  a 
steam  boiler  should  be  separated  from  the  boiler  itself,  and 
the  fuel  burned  in  a  proelucer.  There  is  every  reason  to 
believe  that  the  adoption  of  this  suggestion  would  result  in 
much  higher  efiicieucies.  A  producer  is  certainly  better 
adapted  for  the  proper  combustion  of  coal  than  a  fire-grate, 
as  it  would  permit  of  better  regulation  of  the  gas  and  air 
supply  with  less  draught,  whilst  losses  from  radiation  could 
be  much  reduced.  In  a  paper  read  before  the  International 
Association  for  the  Prevention  e)f  Smoke,  some  years  ago,  by 
Prof.  C.  H.  Benjamin,  it  was  pointed  out  that  "  when  we 
compare  the  comparatively  sluggish  and  badly-regulated  coal 
fire  of  the  power  plant  with  the  j^erfect  combustion  and 
intense  heat  of  the  open-hearth  steel  furnace,  we  are  justified 
in  predicting  an  improvement  in  the  former." 

It  was  further  stated  that  "  when  the  coal  fire  is  removed 
from  its  inconvenient  and  uneconomical  position  under  the 
boiler,  and  the  cenibustion  is  perfected  in  a  brick-lined 
reverberatoiy  furnace  operated  under  forced  blast  with  air 
heated  by  regenerators,  the  heat  efficiency  and  the  evaporative 
capacity  of  steam  boilers  will  be  enormously  increased.  Tie 
seciet  of  good  combustion  in  boiler  work,  as  in  metallurgy, 
is  complete  combustion  of  the  coal  in  a  separate  receptacle 
and  the  maintaining  of  the  gases  at  a  very  high  tempera- 
ture before  coming  in  contact  with  any  cooling  surface 
whatsoever." 

The  fundamental  reason  why  gas  and  air  can  be  burned 
more  economically  than  coal  and  air  is  that  both  the  former 
are  gases.  Air  cannot  be  intimately  co-mingled  with  solid 
pieces  of  coal,  but  air  and  gas  can  be  brought  into  intimate 
contact  with  one  another  in  the  correct  proportions  at  the 
proi)er  time  and  place  for  the  chemical  combinations  known 
as  "  combustion  "  to  take  place.  This  means  that  there  is  little 
or  no  useless  residual  "  free  "  air  to  be  wastefully  heated  up. 
By  gasifying  the  ccal  in  a  separate  brick  furnace  close  to  the 
boiler,  and  then  burning  it  with  all  the  sensible  heat  of  its 
production  by  the  introduction  of  heated  air  in  such  a  way 
as  to  thoroughly  intermingle  the  two,  an  enormous  gain  is 
obtained.  The  combinations  of  combustion  can  also  be  am- 
pleted  prior  to  the  gases  comi}3g  into  contact  Avith  the  water- 
cooled  boiler  plates,  which  is  another  reason  why  great  gain 
results.  Fuither,  the  whole  of  the  boiler  flue  surfaces  are 
usefully  employed  in  absorbing  heat  instead  of  acting  more  as 
cooling  surfaces  as  in  the  ordinary  ashpit. 

An  external  furnace  has  recently  been  designed  on  these 
lines  by  Mr.  E.  C.  Mills,  of  Manchester,  and  in  tests  made  on 
a  Cornish  boiler,  with  and  without  this  furnace,  by  Mr. 
J.  B.  C.  Kershaw,  F.I.C.,  of  Liverpool,  the  following  results 
were  obtained  : — 


Ord'mary 

MUVk 

fiirHacc 

furnacfi. 

Lb.  of  water  evaporated  per  lb.  of  coal 

from  and  at  212T 

C'99 

irs 

CO-,  in  flue  gases 

7-32 

14-6 

Thermal  efficiency 

r.r8.5  % 

771 

Temperature  of  chimney  (rases 

51b'  F. 

372*  F 

It  should  be  mentioned  that  no  economiser  was  used  in 
connection  with  the  boiler  tested,  the  eflRciency  of  which  with 
the  ordinary  furaace  is  low.  The  increase  in  efficiency  which 
resulted  from  the  aeloption  of  the  external  furnace  ip,  how- 
ever, very  considerable,  even  wlien  the  great  scope  for 
improvement  in  this  particular  case  is  taken  into  account. 
The  writer  unelerstands  that  further  tests  on  larger  and  more 
efficient  boilers,  are  about  to  be  made  with  the  object  of 
further  proving  the  merits  of  the  external  furnace,  and  in  a 
subsequent  article  he  hopes  to  give  the  results  of  these  tests, 
together  with  a  description  and  an  illustration  of  the  furnatc. 


Vol.72.  No.  1,832,  januaby u,  i9i;».]     THE    ELECTUICAL    KEVIKW. 


Some  rc'fcicncc  hIiouM  be  iniidc  to  tlie  iidoption  of  Ijijiiid 
fuel  for  Htciun  generation  |)iir|joscH.  W'itli  such  fiu.-l  it  is 
much  easier  to  reguliitethe  (|UanLity  of  air  re(|uired  for  com- 
bustion, and  losses  doe  to  the  admission  of  much  excess  air 
may  be  thus  reduced  to  a  miniinum.  It  is  stated  that  1(»  or 
If)  per  cent,  increase  in  elliciency  is  possible  by  tiie  employ- 
ment  of  liijuid  fuel  instead  of  coal,  but  it  is  doubtful  if  such 
is  the  case.  The  writer  holds  the  opinion  that,  as  far  as 
economy  is  concerned,  liijuid  fuel,  o\vin{i;  to  its  high  cost,  is 
not  likely  to  take  the  jjlace  of  coal,  but  it  may  certainly  be 
used  to  great  advantage  in  certain  cases.  Tluis,  at  an  elec- 
tric generating  station,  where  sudden  demands  for  steam  may 
be  made  at  any  moment,  it  will  be  obvious  that,  if  the  fires 
could  be  made  to  respond  quickly  to  any  such  demand,  great 
benefit  woidd  result.  This,  of  course,  is  not  possible  with 
solid  fuel,  but  by  means  of  suitable  burners  oil  fuel  could  be 
blown  on  to  the  fires,  and  the  necessary  sudden  accession  of 
the  fires  thus  obtained  just  when  desired. 

The  heat  generated  in  the  boiler  furnaces  has  to  pass 
through  the  plates  before  it  can  be  usefully  employed  for 
evaporating  the  water  into  steam.  It  is  obvious  that  the 
transmission  of  heat  from  the  hot  furnace  gases  to  the  water 
in  the  boiler  should  be  as  free  from  resistance  as  possible,  and 
hence  it  is  absolutely  necessary  that  the  plates  should  be  kept. 
clean  both  on  the  water  side  and  the  fire  side.  It  is  quite 
impossible  to  obtain  high  efficiencies  if  the  plates  be  allowed 
to  get  coated  over  with  scale  on  the  water  side  and  soot  and 
dirt  on  the  tire  side.  According  to  Mr.  Stromeyer,  of  the 
]\rancliester  Steam  Users'  Association,  a  layer  of  average 
scale  I'iith  in.  thick  offers  as  much  resistance  to  the  passage 
of  heat  as  a  plate  of  steel  10  in.  thick,  whilst  grease  is  ten 
times  worse  than  scale.  Hence  the  importance  of  keeping 
the  plates  clean.  The  figures  quoted  by  different  writers  to 
show  the  losses  due  to  scale  should  be  taken  with  the  pro- 
verbial "  grain  of  salt,"  because  so  much  depends  upon  the 
nature  of  the  scale.  Excessive  thicknesses  of  some  forms  of 
scale  have  less  effect  in  imj^eding  heat  transmission  than  thin 
layers  of  other  scales. 

Recent  experiments  and  researches  have  shown  that  even 
with  thoroughly  clean  plates,  steam  boiler  efficiencies  are 
not  nearly  so  high  as  they  might  be.  This  is  apparently 
due  to  the  fact  that  under  working  conditions  a  stationary 
non-conducting  film  of  gas  clings  to  the  fire  side  of  the 
plates,  whilst  a  similar  film  of  water  attaches  itself  to  the 
water  side  of  the  plates.  These  films  seriously  impede  the 
free  transmission  of  heat  from  the  hot  gases  to  the  water 
and  so  materially  reduce  the  efficiency  of  working.  It  has 
been  demonstrated  repeatedly  that  if  the  hot  gases  and  the 
water  be  moved  rapidly  over  the  plates,  the  rate  of  heat 
transmission  is  enormously  increased,  this  being  in  all  prob- 
ability due  to  the  fact  that  by  so  doing  the  non-conducting 
films  referred  to  are  removed  from  the  plates. 

The  question  of  moving  the  hot  gases  and  the  water  over 
the  plates  at  high  speeds  is  therefore  one  to  which  designers  of 
steam  boilers  might  in  the  future  give  serious  consideration, 
as  there  is  no  doubt  a  large  field  open  for  improvement  in 
this  direction. 

In  his  book  on  the  "  Steam  Engine  and  other  Heat 
Engines,"  Prof.  Perry  states  that  "  Whether  a  tube  be  made 
of  copper  or  iron  or  brass  is  of  no  consequence,  except  as  to 
Convenience  and  oxidation  by  the  flame.  The  real  resist- 
ance to  the  passage  of  heat  is  not  due  to  the  bad  conduc- 
tivity of  the  metal ;  it  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  particles 
of  hot  gases  will  not  come  up  fast  enough  to  the  surface  to 
get  cooled,  and  the  particles  of  water  will  not  come  up  fast 
enough  on  the  other  side  to  get  heated." 

Again  :  "  We  want  the  surfaces  of  the  metal  wall  to  be 
scrubbed,  the  one  with  hot  gases  and  the  other  with  circu- 
lating water,  and  the  student  who  pays  most  attention  to 
simple  experiments  on  convection  is  most  likely  to  invent 
the  best  boiler.  Probably  the  best  boiler  will  be  one  in 
which  a  (lame  or  hot  gas  tube  surrounds  or  is  surrounded 
by  a  water  tube,  the  gas  and  water  flowing  fast  in  opposite 
directions." 

Efficient  circulation  and  agitation  of  the  water  in  steam 
boilers  are  very  important  factors  in  the  attainment  of  high 
efficiencies.  The  rate  at  which  heat  is  transmitted  from  the 
hot  furnace  gases  to  the  water  in  a  boiler  depends  upon  the 
rate  at  which  the  water  can  carry  the  heat  away  from  the 
heating  surface,  and  hence  the  more  efficient  the  circulation. 


(Ik;  inori!  illicieriL  will  1h;  the  inral-  truiiHiiJi'-'iioii.  in 
ordinary  Iwilors,  nucli  as  the  vertical  and  thf  l.ancaMhire,  tlie 
circulation  is  deffctive,  wlierriiH  in  a  wtJI-designed  wat'^r- 
tube  boiler  it  is  Hyst<;matic  and  thorougli.  Kx|>erieiiw  apixant 
to  show  that  water-tulK;  Ixjilers  aic  slighlly  m<;re  efficient 
than  iiancashire  boilers,  this  being  dm;,  no  doubt,  very 
largely  to  the  bettc'r  circulation  which  obtains  in  the  former. 
When  it  is  remetnbercd  that  a  Lancashire  Ijoiler,  notwith- 
standing its  defective  circulation,  will  give  an  efficiency  of 
nearly  8(»  per  cent.,  it  will  be  obvious  that  this  type  of 
boiler  might  be  made  extremely  efficient  if  sonxb  mellnKl  of 
improving  the  circulation  could  Ik;  satisfactorily  ajjplied. 
Special  circulating  devices  have  been  pattiittd,  suitable  for 
such  boilers,  by  means  of  wliich,  it  is  claimed,  the  working 
efficiencies  may  be  increased  by  from  .')  to  10  jjer  cent. 

Agitation  of  the  water  in  boilers,  as  might  Ije  expected 
from  what  has  been  said  with  regard  U)  circulation,  Ls 
another  way  in  which  greater  efficiency  could  be  obtained. 
Thus,  it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  water  placed  in  a  pan 
over  a  jet  can  be  made  to  boil  much  more  fiuickly  by  wjd- 
stantly  stirring  the  water  than  when  the  water  is  allowed  to 
remain  still.  A  locomotive  lx>iler,  when  used  on  the  rail- 
road, will  evaporate  a  far  greater  quantity  of  water  in  a 
given  time  than  it  will  when  used  as  a  stationary  boiler,  tliis 
being,  no  doubt,  due  to  the  sliaking  and  agitation  the  water 
receives  during  transit.  If  it  were  possible  to  rock  our  boilers 
mechanically,  we  might  reasonably  expect  to  obtain  better 
results. 

The  setting  of  steam  boilers  is  not  always  carried  out  to 
the  best  advantage,  in  consequence  of  which  much  avoidaV^le 
loss  often  occurs.  Those  parts  of  the  setting  which  rest  in 
contact  with  the  boiler  plates  should  be  reduced  in  width  to 
the  absolute  minimum,  so  that  as  little  heating  surface  aa 
possible  will  be  covered  up.  The  best  setting  is  that  in 
which  all  the  parts  in  contact  with  the  plates  are  made  of  a 
rounded  form,  as  in  the  "  Poulton  "  system.  With  such  a 
form,  practically  no  useful  heating  surface  is  lost.  In  a 
Lancashire  boiler,  with  the  ordinary  form  of  setting,  as 
much  as  80  sq.  ft.  of  heating  surface  is  lost  in  some  instances. 
It  may  be  mentioned  that  there  is  no  necessity  to  make  the 
seatings  3  or  4  in.  in  width,  as  is  usually  done.  A  width  of 
1^  in.  is  quite  sufficient  to  support  the  heaviest  Lancashire 
boiler  when  full  of  water. 

In  building  the  side  walls  of  the  setting  it  is  always 
advisable  to  provide  an  air  cavity  in  the  walls,  with  the 
object  of  preventing  loss  of  heat  by  radiation  through  the 
setting.  Air  is  a  very  good  insulator,  and  the  provision  of 
a  stagnant  air  cavity  round  the  setting  effectually  prevents 
loss.  The  makers  of  the  "  Poulton  "  setting,  in  addition  to 
building  a  cavity  in  the  side  walls,  also  provide  one  under- 
neath the  boiler,  the  importance  of  doing  so  being  well 
illustrated  by  the  following  example  : — "  At  a  large  lelectric 
light  and  power  station  where  a  range  of  10  boilers  is 
installed,  it  was  found  that  the  temperature  of  the  clay  under- 
neath the  concrete  foundations,  10  ft.  below  the  bottom  of 
the  boilers,  was  as  high  as  280°  F.  These  particular  boilers 
were  worked  night  and  day  by  means  of  forced  draught. 
A  huge  mass  of  material  was  thus  maintained  at  this  high 
temperature  day  and  night,  by  a  direct  waste  of  useful 
heat " — which,  of  course,  was  constantly  flowing  into  the 
subsoil  and  being  dispersed. 

A  certain  amount  of  loss  by  radiation  is  unavoidable,  but 
by  providing  air  cavities  in  the  way  pointed  out,  covering 
the  boilers  and  steam  pipes  with  good  non-conducting  com- 
position, &c.,  the  losses  may  be  reduced  to  very  small  dimen- 
sions. As  a  further  preventive  against  radiation,  the  brick 
walls  may  be  carried  up  to  the  top  of  the  boilers  and  then 
roofed  over  so  as  to  form  a  hot-air  chamber,  in  addition  to  the 
non-conducting  covering. 

Much  loss  frequently  occurs  through  allowing  the  non- 
conducting covering  to  become  defective.  Many  types  of 
covering  are  perishable,  and  it  is  therefore  advisable  to  examine 
the  material  periodically  to  see  that  it  is  in  good  condition. 

Generally  speaking,  the  quantity  of  heat  lost  by  radiation 
from  a  hot  boiler  averages  about  10  per  cent,  of  the  total  heat 
of  combustion.  This  figure  might  easily,  in  a  great  many 
instances,  be  reduced  to  7  or  5  per  cent.,  so  it  is  obvious  that 
this  question  of  radiation  is  one  of  considerable  importance. 

It  is  not  generally  realised  to  what  extent  loss  may  occur 
through   constant  fluctuations  of  the  water  level  in  steam 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi-  ^s.  No.  1,832,  januabt  3, 1913. 


boilers.  By  maintauiing  a  constant  water  level  and  feeding 
regnlarly,  a  more  uniform  steam  pressure,  drier  steam,  and 
an  improved  circulation  may  be  obtained,  all  of  which  tend 
to  effect  economy  in  working.  Hence,  great  care  should  l)e 
exercised  on  the  part  of  those  in  charge  of  steam  plant  to 
prevent  fluctuations  of  water  level  and  to  feed  regularly. 

This  is  not  a  difficult  matter  when  the  load  is  a  steady  one, 
as  at  a  cotton  mill,  but  at  power  stations  such  conditions  do 
not  prevail,  and  hence  the  adoption  of  an  efficient  automatic 
feed-water  regulator  will  prove  to  be  of  great  advantage 
at  these  places.  From  comparative  tests  which  have 
been  made  on  boilers  with  and  without  automatic  feed  regu- 
lators, it  appears  that  an  economy  of  5  to  10  per  cent,  may 
be  effected  by  means  of  the  regulators,  the  best  results  being 
obtained  where  the  load  fluctuates  a  good  deal. 

In  conclusion,  some  reference  should,  of  course,  be  made 
to  the  importance  of  utilising  some  of  the  waste  heat  from 
steam  boilei-s.  A  large  proportion  of  the  heat  generated 
by  the  combustion  of  the  fuel  in  the  furnace  is  not 
used  in  evaporating  water  into  steam  in  the  boiler,  and 
passes  away  towards  the  chimney  stack,  and  it  is,  therefore, 
necessary  to  employ  suitable  means  of  utilising  some  of  this 
heat.  Fuel  economisers,  superheaters,  &c..  are  employed  for 
this  purpose,  and  by  their  adoption  the  fuel  consumption 
maybe  reduced  by  anything  up  to  15  per  cent.,  depending  on 
conditions.  These  accessories  are  so  well  known  and  familiar 
to  station  engineei-s  that  little  need  be  said  about  them, 
except  that  the  remarks  already  made  regarding  clean  plates, 
lx)th  on  the  water  side  and  the  fire  side,  high  rates  of  flow  of 
gases  and  water,  &c.,  apply  equally  to  economisers  as 
they  do  to  steam  boilers. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Ltttert  received  by  us  after  6  P.M.  ON  Tuesday  cannot  appear  until 
the  follmving  week.  Corresjxmdenti  ihould  forward,  their  communi- 
catiom  at  the  earliest  posfible  movtent.  Ao  letter  can  he  published 
unless  we  have  the  writer'' t  name  and  address  in  our  possession. 


Earthing  the  Neutral. 

Mr.  Peck's  paper  upon  "  Earthed  and  Unearthed  Neutrals 
on  Alternating-Current  Systems  "  has  raised  an  interesting 
discussion.  The  majority  of  the  speakers  agreed  upon  the 
question  of  earthing,  but  none  of  them  appear  to  give  reasons 
why  the  current  should  be  limited  or  unlimited.  The  ques- 
tion of  earthing  had  to  be  settled  here  some  18  months  ago 
owing  to  the  adoption  of  a  three-phase  supply,  and  I  think 
the  following  information  will  be  interesting  to  your 
readers. 

The  two  and  three-phase  systems  are  interconnected  by 


lAN&roBwtfts  i3  on 


.-rr 


WV 


C^  ,000...  /^^rV«v.; 


Scott-connected  transformers,  and  the  first  point  I  had  to 
decide  was  to  provide  an  earth  when  the  transformers  were 
supplying  three-pliasc  current.  The  capacity  of  the  trans- 
formci-s  is  1,00U  k.v.a.  each,  and  at  light  loads  they  supply 
three-jihase  current  to  several  feeders. 

It  was  undesirable  to  earth  the  three-phase  system 
through  the  neutral  connections  of  the  transformers,  the 
chief  reason  being  that  should  an  earth  develop  on  any  of  the 


feeders,  the  overload  relays  on  the  transformers  would  operate 
and  thus  cut  off  all  the  supply,  including  the  earth  connec- 
tions, without  indicating  the  faulty  feeder.  Up  to  the  present, 
earthing  through  a  resistance  on  a.c.  systems  only  follows  a 
similar  arrangement  with  a  d.c.  three-wire  system  at  500 
volts. 

The  use  of  limiting  devices  now  generally  employed  on 
E.H.T.  three-phase  systems  causes  an  abnormal  rite  in  pressure 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  fault.  On  the  other  hand,  to 
allow  500  am}x;res  to  stray  between  the  fault  and  the  neutral 
point  of  the  system  is  not  beneficial  either  to  gas,  water  and 
telephone  companies'  property,  or  to  the  distribution  system. 
It  was,  therefore,  necessary  to  adopt  some  other  method  of 
overcoming  these  difficulties. 

I  give  below  the  advantages  of  the  arrangement  that  has 
been  in  use  in  Sheffield  during  the  past  18  months.  The 
diagram  of  connections  is  shown  herewith,  which,  I  think, 
is  self-explanatory  : — 

1 .  The  personal  clement  of  switching  a  working  generator 
or  transformer  to  earth  is  obviated. 

2.  Xo  expensive  automatic  selecting  device  is  required. 

3.  The  earth  current  is  limited  to  51  amperes,  which  is 
sufficient  to  trip  the  Ferranti-Field  discriminating  device. 

4.  The  earthing  device  was  built  by  the  British  Electric 
Transformer  Co.,  and  is  in  the  form  of  a  transformer 
arranged  with  primary  star-connected  and  secondary  delta- 
connected.  Having  the  secondary  delta-connected  ensures 
that  the  neutral  point  on  the  primary  is  always  at  earth 
potential,  as  proved  by  experiment. 

5.  The  earthing  transformers  are  arranged  to  operate  the 
trip  coils  of  the  res]  active  switches  in  parallel  with  the 
overload  and  reverse  relays. 

6.  The  units  per  hour  taken  by  the  earthing  transformer 
are  1,250  watts.     The  capital  cost  was  approximately  £150. 

S.  E.  Fedden,   Manager. 

Electric  Supply  Department,  Sheffield, 
December  2 Is/,  1912. 

[This  arrangement  was  referred  to  in  our  article  on  the 
Sheffield  undertaking,  on  September  6th  last. — Eds.  E.R.] 


Electilc  Cranes. 


I  was  rather  interested  in  an  article  appearing  in  a  recent 
issue  dealing  with  electric  cranes,  and  would  be  glad  if  the 
author  would  further  enlighten  me  on  this  important  subject. 
The  controlling  gear  of  the  u.c.  crane  consists  of  a  double- 
pole  distribution  board,  controllers  that  can  be  wired  for 
either  single  or  double  pole,  and  eight  trolley  wires  between 
the  girders. 

Why  is  the  crane  wired  single  pole  ? 

I  understand  that  the  overwinding  arrangement  is  a  knife 
switch  erected  on  the  crab,  and  at  the  proper  time  this 
switch  opens  and  breaks  the  main  circuit. 

If  I  am  correct  in  this  assumption,  I  should  hardly  call  it 
modern  practice ;  most  cranes  have  a  circuit-breaker  con- 
nected in  the  hoisting-motor  circuit,  and,  erected  in  the 
control  cabin ;  this  is  held  in  position  by  means  of  a  coil 
which,  when  short-circuited,  trips  and  opens  the  breaker. 
A  small  switch,  which  takes  the  form  of  a  push-button,  is 
erected  on  the  crab,  and  employed  to  do  this. 

This  means  more  trolley  wires,  I  know,  but  I  think-  it 
is  worth  the  extra  expense  as  opening  the  main  circuit  on 
the  crab  has  some  objectionable  features. 

Regarding  the  crane  wired  for  alternating  current,  I 
should  obviat«  the  use  of  a  common  main  by  putting  up 
another  trolley  wire. 

The  practice  of  having  a  main  common  to  two  or  more 
motors  is  one  not  to  be  commended,  because  faults  may  arise 
in  the  wiring  which  would  greatly  increase  the  danger  of  the 
hoisting  motor  brake  operating  when  cross  travelling  or  long 
travelling. 

My  remarks  regarding  the  hoisting  limit  switch  on  the 
D.c.  crane  hold  pood  for  the  A.c.  one,  and  finally ,  I  think 
there  are  more  cflicient  controllers  on  the  market  for  con- 
trolling three-phase  asynchronous  motors  than  those  shown 
in  the  diagram  ;  in  any  case  the  wiring  at  the  controllers  is 
obviously  wrong,  because  we  have  a  short  circuit  between 
two  phases  of  the  supply  on  all  controllers. 

J.  L. 

Glasgow,  Deremher  "ICyth,  1!)12. 


Vol.73.  No.  i,8:.2,JANnAUY:i.  1913.]      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


The  CaHO  of  tho  Sub-Alan. 

T  unci  otlicr  mcmliciB  of  the  ll.T.l'.  liave  been  interested 
renders  of  tlic  correHpondcnce  which  has  app<!Ui'ed  in  the 
colunuia  of  tin-  Kkvikw  durin};  the  past  weckH,  from  Bub- 
statioii  and  shiftmen,  abont  tlicir  woc-begono  condition. 

Th(!  whole  correBpondcna;  bristles  witli  contnidictions  ; 
they  first  of  all  assume  that  tlicy  occupy  a  uni<|iie  position, 
being  a  sort  of  aristo(Tacy  of  the  electrical  industry,  upon 
whom  shines  the  I'eliccted  glory  of  the  chief  engineers  (I  see 
the  Burgh  of  Paisley  requires  the  services  of  one  of  these 
embryo  Faradays  at  £1  ^)S.  per  week),  and  in  the  next 
sentence  they  say  that  milkmen,  yardmen  and  others  can, 
and  do,  accomplish  their  work. 

They  are  all  agreed  that  Trade  Union  principles  are  not 
applicable  to  their  grade,  and  the  unanimity  with  which  they 
refrain  from  telling  us  why  is  certainly  convincing. 

The  objective  apparently  is,  ^'//('e  "  Motor-Oenerator,"  to 
form  an  association,  to  be  called  "  The  Electrical  Shift 
Engineers'  Association,"  the  object  l)eing  the  furthering  of 
the  living  wage  cause  (rate  not  stated),  and  to  be  recognised 
as  a  body  of  men  of  education  and  training  ;  the  associa- 
tion not  to  be  run  on  Trade  Union  principles.  The  I.E.E. 
is  to  be  approached  for  "  recognition,"  and  the  trick  is  done. 
"  0  the  brave  music  of  a  distant  drum." 

The  more  one  reads  this  correspondence,-  the  more 
apparent  does  it  become  that,  however  well-intentioned  the 
writers  may  be,  they  lack  a  true  appreciation  of  the  factors 
which  govern  the  wages  and  working  conditions  of  any 
industry,  and  tlie  sooner  they  get  rid  of  the  shibboleth 
"profession,"  and  the  snobbishness  attaching  thereto,  the 
better  it  will  be  for  themselves. 

The  "  chief "  is  merely  a  deputy  for  the  employer,  and, 
from  the  nature  of  liis  position,  has  to  show  a  return  on  the 
undertaking,  and  the  price  of  labour,  especially  unorganised, 
is  more  easily  squeezed  than  the  price  of  Osram  lamps. 

If  "  Motor-Generator "  and  his  colleagues  are  really 
serious  in  their  contention  that  "  to  strike  one  blow  for  this 
great  cause "  is  to  form  an  "  Association "  to  obtain 
"  recognition  "  from  the  I.E.E.,  they  had  first  better  visit  a 
local  menagerie,  obtain  access  to  the  lion's  den  just  before 
feeding  time,  say  a  few  prayers,  and  await  the  result. 

The  interests  of  the  station  attendant  and  the  wireman  are 
identical  ;  both  sections  are  necessary  for  the  efficient  work- 
ing of  the  industry,  they  are  interdependent,  their  economic 
circumstances  are  due  to  the  same  primary  causes,  and  a 
multiplicity  of  organisations  will  not  find  the  solution.  The 
Electrical  Trades  Union  is  an  accomplished  fact,  has  a  con- 
siderable body  of  central  station  men  in  its  ranks,  has  im- 
proved conditions  for  large  numbers  of  electrical  workers  in 
the  various  grades,  and  will  welcome  recruits  on  the  principle 
of  "  each  for  all  and  all  for  each." 

J.  Potter, 
«  District  Secretary,  Electrical  Trades  Union. 

London,  N.W.,  Decemder  28(h,  1912. 


High-Tension  D.C.  in  Mines. 

I  am  much  interested  in  Mr.  Sydney  Walker's  article 
entitled  "A  Plea  for  the  use  of  High-Tension  Constant  Con- 
tinuous Currents  in  Mines."  Under  the  heading  "  Questions 
of  Economy,"  he  states  that  with  a  three-phase  system  at  a 
working  pressure  of  3,000  volts  in  a  mine  having  five  miles 
of  cable  the  combined  losses  are  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
500,000  Board  of  Trade  units  per  annum.  I  have  no  doubt 
Mr.  Walker  has  gone  very  carefully  into  these  figures,  and 
do  not  in  any  way  wish  to  criticise  them,  although  they 
appear  somewhat  high.  What  I  should  like  to  know 
is — 

1.  What  percentage  loss  this  is  of  the  total  Board  of 
Trade  units  consumed  ? 

2.  What  Mr.  Walker  estimates  the  loss  would  be  in  a 
high-tension  continuous-current  system  having  a  pro- 
portionate length  of  cables  with,  as  I  understand  from  his 
article,  full-load  current  circulating  throughout  the  whole 
system  continuously  ? 

Unless  some  such  information  is  to  hand,  it  is  difficult  to 
form  any  idea  of  the  merits  of  the  two  systems  from  an 
economic  point  of  view. 

Civil  Engineer. 


The  title;  of  Mr.  S.  F.  Walker's  article  in  your  i.sHne  dated 
December  27tli,  \'.)\-J,  as  alxne,  rliHarnm  any  criticiHm  on 
the  point  that  ho  writeH  us  an  advocaM.*  and  not  m  an 
impartial  judge.  NcvcrthclesH,  aH  an  engineer  who  has 
devoted  some  few  years  to  clectriciil  work  in  mines,  the 
writer  would  like  to  put  forward  a  few  ])ointH  which  a[)pcar 
to  discount  somewhat  the  advantagf-s  claimed  on  behalf  of 
the  above  system,  taking  these  snidlim: — 

Tiro  (y'abhs  versus  'I href . — Since  three-core  cabk«  must 
(and  should)  always  be  used  underground  oa  the  thrf^-phase 
system,  the  great  advantages  of  and  greater  simplicity  in 
making  connection  to  the  concentric  (;able8  advocated  for  the 
ii.T.  ('.('.(.  system  are  not  very  apparent.  In  neither  case  must 
any  attempt  ever  be  made  to  joint  the  cables  when  alive.  The 
majority  of  jointers  prefer  jointinjf  three-core  cables,  and 
these  have  the  additional  advantage  that  the  cores  need  not 
bejcut  in  order  to  take  off  a  branch  circuit.   • 

Pressure  I'ariation  bdwefu.  Ike  li'v  rorcs  a  I  Difffrenl 
Foinls. — The  writer  grants  that  should  this  difference  of 
pressure  in  any  particular  district  (say,  at  the  coal  face)  be 
so  small  that  a  shock  would  be  harmless,  some  advantage 
might  be  claimed,  but  this  hardly  apfiears  probable,  as  any 
difference  of  pressure  above,  say,  100  volts,  should  be  re- 
garded as  dangerous  from  a  "  shock  "  point  of  view.  The 
spark  danger  would  exist  at  any  pressure.  -A  distinct 
disadvantage  would  appear  to  be,  that  although  the  cable  on 
the  c.c.c.  system  would  normally  carry  the  constant  cuiTent 
at  a  certain  difference  of  pressure  between  the  cores,  it  would 
be  neither  advisable  nor  practical  to  grade  the  various  cables 
to  withstand  this  pressure  only,  as  the  pressure  might  vary 
to  such  a  large  extent  when  alterations  or  additions  to  the 
motors  were  made.  In  fact,  it  seems  to  the  writer  that  the 
whole  of  the  cables  should  be  built  to  withstand  the  maxi- 
mum pressure  likely  to  be  generated,  otherwise  continual 
change  of  cables  would  be  necessary,  and  great 
liability  to  serious  accidents  incurred  through  the  breakdown 
of  cables  under  higher  voltages  than  they  were  built  for. 
A  similar  problem  will  have  to  be  faced  if  the  total  load  at 
any  time  exceeded  that  contemplated  when  laying  down  the 
plant.  This  compares  disadvantageously  with  the  three- 
phase  system,  where  the  sectional  area  of  the  cables  can  be 
increased  by  simply  putting  others  in  parallel  at  any  part  of 
the  system  required. 

Liahilily  to  "  Short." — Surely,  Mr.  Walker  is  not  serious 
in  his  statement  that,  because  there  are  three  cores  as  against 
two,  liability  to  "  short "  is  increased  sixfold  ? 

Cables  made  by  any  of  the  leading  firms  in  this  country 
are  not  likely  to  "  short "  (barring  misuse)  unless  mechanic- 
ally damaged,  say,  by  a  fall  of  roof,  in  which  case  there  is 
little,  if  any,  advantage  in  a  two-core  over  a  three-core  cable. 

Again,  if  a  "  short "  occur  in  a  c.c.c.  system  all 
apparatus  beyond  the  "  short "  is  put  out  of  action,  as  Mr. 
Walker  states  ;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  a  similar  occurrence 
on  a  three-phase  system  will  not  necessarily  put  the  whole 
service  out  of  gear,  ag  Mr.  Walker  suggests.  Part  of  the 
system  only  will  be  cut  off  in  this  case  also,  owing  to  the 
operation  of  a  trip  coil  or  fuse  controlling  the  section  con- 
taining the  fault.  Yet  again,  in  the  c.c.c.  system,  surely 
local  heating  can  take  place  at  a  "  short,"  since  this  will 
carry  the  whole  current  ?  The  contact  is  not  likely  to  be  so 
good  that  heating  never  takes  place. 

Armouring. — The' difficulty  of  repairing  armouring  is  not 
so  great  as  Mr.  Walker  imagines.  The  best  way  (apart 
from  putting  in  a  new  length  of  cable)  is  undoubtedly  to 
use  a  joint  box.  It  must  be  remembered  that  on  a  lai-ge 
system  there  will  be  a  number  of  these  boxes,  say,  100  yd. 
apart  with  a  very  heavy  cable,  and  400  or  500  yd.  apart  with 
a  light  one.  One  extra  joint  box  where  the  cable  has  l^een 
damaged,  is  not  a  very  serious  matter.  It  may  be  of  interest 
to  state  here  that  joint  boxes  which  effiriently  bond  the 
armouring  can  be  obtained  from  cable  firms  who  have  made 
a  special  study  of  mining  work.  Serious  damage  to  the 
armouring  is  not  a  frequent  occurrence  where  the  cables  have 
been  installed  in  the  right  way,  and  are  properly  looked  after. 

Danger  from  S/iocl'.— Cases  of  shock,  similar  to  those 
mentioned  by  ^Ir.  Walker,  are  not  inherent  in,  or  peculiar  to, 
the  three-phase  or  any  other  system,  but  are  usually  caused  by 
the  lack  of  knowledge  or  carelessness  on  the  part  of  those 
who  are  responsible  for  the  installation  or  the  working  of 
the  system.     The  writer  cordially  endorses  the  opinion  that 


THE    ELECTKICAL   REVIEW-      [Voi.  72.  No.  1,832,  jamjabt  3,  m^. 


a  gi-eat  deal  of  the  trouble  in  tlie  past  has  been  due  to  the 
fact  that  many  of  the  designers  of  electrical  appliances  for 
use  in  mines  had  very  little  practical  knowledfre  of  mining 
conditions.  This,  however,  was  to  some  extent  the  fault  of 
the  mining  people  themselves,  sufficient  discrimination  not 
always  having  been  employed  by  them  in  placing  their  con- 
tracts, the  question  of  first  cost  frequently  determining  their 
choice. 

Ecomnnj. — It  is  rather  disappointing  to  find  under  this 
heading  that  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  compare  the  two 
systems.  The  author  does  not  say  liow  he  arrives  at  the 
high  figure  given  for  hysteresis  and  magnetising  losses. 

As  against  this,  too,  must  be  taken  into  consideration  the 
fact  that  the  c-'r  losses  in  the  cc.c.  system  will  be  pro- 
portionately greater  when  only  a  few  motors  are  in  use,  more 
particularly  when  they  happen  to  be  at  the  far  end  of  the 
line. 

Again,  while  on  the  subject  of  economy,  the  first  cost  of 
the  cables  in  the  cc.c.  system  would  appear  to  be  rather 
high,  since  their  sectional  area  must  be  the  same  through- 
out, and,  in  the  writer's  o])inion,  to  grade  the  dielectric 
strength  would  be  likely  to  lead  to  trouble  in  the  future 
when  alterations  or  additions  were  made. 

Other  disadvantages  suggest  themselves,  but  for  the  pre- 
sent purpose  space  and  time  have  limits.  * 

As  the  subject  of  electrical  work  in  mines  must  be  of 
great  interest  to  a  large  number  of  your  readers,  further 
articles  on  the  subject  would  probably  be  welcomed. 


Sheffield,  December  'AOlh,  liU: 


L.  C.  Trevor-Roper. 


running  machinery  enclosed,  or  at  the  same  very  small  loss 
as  obtains  in  a  transformer.  On  this  point,  iron  losses  in 
transformers  of  reasonable  size  and  decent  construction 
rarely  exceed  2  per  cent,  of  the  energy  transmitted,  and  an 
instance  came  before  me  where  one  of  r)00  watts  capacity, 
200  to  50  volts.  50  cycles,  tested  by  a  Leeds  Corporation 
inspector,  showed  only  2  watts  iron  loss. 

Then,  coming  to  the  working  of  a  direct-current  motor 
with  a  by-pass,  which  is  used  to  cut  it  out  by  short- 
circuiting,  if  not  working,  this  must  be  either  automatic 
or  under  hand  control — I  presume  the  latter  ;  this  recjuires, 
it  seems  to  me,  very  reh'able  and  conscientious  use  for 
one  machine  not  to  interfere  with  others  on  the  same  mains, 
and  the  beautiful  conception  of  the  voltage  and  conscciuent 
shock  risk  lowering  as  one  gets  further  in  the  mine,  can 
only  hold  good  whilst  all  is  in  apple-pie  order.  Past 
experience  does  not  warrant  the  assumj)tion,  however,  that 
series  apparatus  can  be  relied  on  to  keep  in  good  order. 

On  the  other,  both  transformers  and  alternating  motors 
are  amongst  the  electrical  items  of  wliich  the  maintenance 
is  easiest  and  least  exjwnsive,  and  seem  to  give  the  lasting 
solution  which  will,  I  believe,  when  those  who  have  the 
choice  of  the  electrical  plant  are  sufficiently  educated,  be 
more  and  more  used. 

Apologising  for  the  length  of  this,  which,  however,  but 
briefly  explains  what  could  be  further  demonstrated — 


Leeds,  December  30///,  1912. 


A.  W.  Bennett. 


Having  had  some  experience  of  mining  electrical  apph'ances, 
I  read  with  some  interest  the  contribution  by  Mr.  Walker 
in  your  current  issue  which  naturally  attracted  my  attention, 
especially  as  some  of  the  statements  appear  so  wide  of  what 
my  experience  points  to,  that  I  think,  for  the  sake  of  the 
many  more  or  less  connected  with  mining  work  who  read 
your  paper,  they  should  not  be  allowed  to  go  unchallenged. 

This  is  my  excuse  for  writing  on  the  subject,  and  airing 
some  views  which  are  my  own,  and  which  1  shall  think 
correct  till  some  one  proves  them  otherwise. 

On  one  matter  I  agree  with  Mr.  Walker,  viz.,  the  un- 
reliability of  armoured  cables  carrying  several  conductors  of 
greatly  varying  potential  and  phase. 

A  remedy,  however,  for  this,  suggested  long  ago,  which 
would,  I  believe,  liave  been  tried  but  for  the  bugbear  of  a 
little  experimental  initial  cost,  is  as  follows  : — 

Adopting  an  alternating  system,  either  single-phase  or 
polyphase,  with  transformers,  run  separate  well-insulated 
and  braided  conductors  in  iron  tubing — not  of  just  the 
ordinary  house-wii'ing  strength,  but  more  resembling  the 
pipes  used  for  carrying  steam  or  compressed  air,  but,  of 
course,  smaller,  so  as  to  give  equal,  or  even  greater,  tensile 
strength,  with,  of  course,  only  a  fraction  of  the  cost  of  the 
steam  or  air  pipes.  The  joints  to  be  safe  ones,  both  elec- 
trically and  mechanically,  by  using  either  faced  flanges, 
screwed  couplings,  or  some  other  reliable  arrangement. 
Junction-boxes  and  transformer-boxes  of  e<)ually  strong 
mechanical  construction  to  be  similarly  joined  to  the  tubes,  and 
the  whole  casing  to  be  well  "  earthed  "'  on  the  surface,  and  at 
M  many  places  on  the  way  in  the  mine  as  reliable  "  earth  " 
can  be  found. 

The  two  advantages  claimed  for  this  arrangement  are  : — 
(1)  Being  entirely  enclosed,  high-tension  currents  (up  to 
5,000  volts  or  more)  could  safely  be  employed  ;  (2)  the 
cables  being  separate,  could  easily  be  tested  for  "  earthing  " 
or  breakage  from  the  surface,  and  the  fault  easily  rectified. 
The  cables  from  the  transformers  to  motors,  if  only  carrying 
current  at  loO  \o!ts  or  thereabout,  could  be  given  the 
flexibility  rc(|uired  for  coal  cutters,  &c.,  without  danger  or 
much  risk  of  the  insulation  giving  way. 

This  system,  too,  would  get  over  most  of  the  variable 
potential  difficulties  to  which  Mr.  AValker  refers. 

With  direct  current  (or  ccntiinious,  whichever  term  you 
prefer  ;  I  prefer  the  former,  being  shorter,  and  generally 
understood  to  mean  the  same)  we  have  not  yet  any  system 
or  practical  means  of  reducing  tfj  low  pressure  that  can  be 
enclosed    efficiently    without    the    difficulties    inherent   to 


NOTES    PROM    INDIA. 


[from  oue  special  correspondent.] 


Calciitid. — An  effort  is  being  made  to  bring  together  the 
members  of  the  LE.E. ;  invitations  have  been  sent  out  to 
the  various  members,  associate  members,  &c.,  to  foregather 
at  Peliti's  restaurant  at  dinner  with  a  view  to  having  a  pre- 
liminary talk  as  to  the  best  way  to  arrange  for  frequent 
meetings  and  discussion.  This  is  a  step  in  the  right 
direction,  because,  even  though  members  of  the  Institution 
may  be  rivals  in  business,  there  is  no  reason  why  they  should 
not  meet  outside  business  hours,  on  neutral  ground,  and 
have  friendly  discussions  on  technical  points  of  interest 
to  all.  The  last  meeting  of  Calcutta  members  was  held 
in  i;>03,  with  the  late  Father  Lafont,  CLE.,  in  the  chair, 
when  an  interesting  paj^er  on  "  Electrical  Instruments 
for  India  "  was  read  by  Prof.  Eruhl,  of  Sibpur  Engineering 
College. 

Lnhore  Electric  iStippli/  Co. — The  official  opening  of  the 
new  electrical  power  house  of  this  company  took  place 
recently,  and  there  is  every  prosj^ect  of  a  good  load  coming 
on  soon.  Mr.  Jensen,  the  chief  engineer,  is  responsible  for 
the  design  and  working  of  the  installation,  and  in  him  the 
directors  have  been  fortunate  in  finding  a  capable  and  enter- 
prising young  engineer  who  will  leave  nothing  undone  to 
ensure  the  success  of  the  undertaking. 

Simla. — While  the  Imperial  Government  is  down  in 
Delhi  for  the  cold-weather  months  until  March,  1913,  a 
good  deal  of  installation  work  is  certain  to  be  carried 
out  in  (lovernment  buildings  and  private  bungalows  in 
Simla.  Even  at  present  a  couple  of  local  small  wiring  con- 
tractors are  reaping  a  good  harvest  before  the  bigger  firms 
of  Calcutta  and  Bombay  send  representatives  up  there.  The 
municipality  have  prepared  very  rigid  rules  for  wiring  work, 
and  are  o]>en  to  register  the  name  of  any  reputable  firm 
who  bind  themselves  to  adhere  to  these  rules  when 
carrying  out  work.  This  is  a  wise  pi'ecaution,  as  many  of 
the  Simla  buildings  are  wooden  ones,  where  a  fire  caused  by 
an  arc  or  a  short  would  lead  to  disaster. 

llamjivr. — Messrs.  Siemens  Bros,  have  been  successful  in 
obtaining  the  contract  for  the  city  lighting  ;  the  machinery 
will  consist  < if  Huston  crude-oil  engines  and  Siemens  dynamos, 
with  accumulators.  Abcmt  14  miles  of  streets  are  to  be 
electrically  lighted. 


Vol.72.    No.  I,8:i2,  January  :i,  I9i:q       THK     ETjKCTHICATj     JiKVIKW. 


PROCEEDINQS    OP    INSTITUTIONS. 

Tramw-ny  Feeding  NetworkH. 

Ily  J.  fi.  CUNLII'I'K,  M.Sc.Teoh.,  and  R.  0.  Cti.NMirE,  M.So.Teoh. 

t\l"t'''iirf  of  pii/H'i-  rend  hi-forr  tho  INSTITUTION  oi'  KlkcTUICAL 
KNCilNKlCUs  ill  Miini-liriitct\  Drcemhrr  Wn/.  I'.tl2.) 

Tiih:  objrct  of  tho  paper  is  to  prepenk  a  guprfr^Htive  treatment  of  tho 
inodiRcatioiiH  which,  an  n  roBult  of  contimii'd  development,  ore 
rapidly  boconiinn  iiouonHary  in  the  deHi^'n  of  the  feedini;  networks 
of  many  lariro  Htreet  railway  undertakings,  and  in  the  lepifilative 
limitationH  impoHcd  thereon. 

Larirer  and  more  powerful  oars  are  continually  beinpf  adopted, 
and  are  run  atclocer  intervalH.  Traffic  otopB  increase  in  frequency, 
necoHsitatiiiu  a  ([uicker  acceleration  in  order  to  maintain  the 
schedule  speed,  and  the  rate  of  consumption  of  energy  per  car  is 
(treatly  increased.  The  net  result  of  this  increased  rate  of  con- 
sumption and  of  the  reduced  headway  is  to  cause  a  still  greater 


3  S 

Fitiancia.1  Year 

Curve  A,  Kw.-hourB  per  car-mile ;  Curve  B,  Kw.-hours  per  ton-mile ; 
Curve  C,  oar-mileage  run  ;  Curve  D,  average  weight  per  oar. 

Fig.  1.— Opeuatinc;  Statistics    for  Manchestee. 


increase  in  the  intensity  of  electrical  loading:  as  expressed  in  kilo- 
watts per  mile.  These  effects  are  illustrated  by  the  curves  on  fig'.  1. 
At  Manchester,  owing;  to  the  small  extent  of  the  "  city  area,"  the 
rate  of  electrical  loadinp  at  the  centre  is  some  1,500  k\v.  per  mile 
of  route,  and  the  rate  of  energy  consumption  of  a  oar  is  some 
38  per  cent,  greater  at  the  city  end  than  at  the  suburban  end  of  a 
route.  Special  references  are  made  to  Chicago,  owing  to  its  very 
heavy  loading. 

Several  of  the  sub-stations  are  designed  for  an  ultimate  capacity 
of  18,000  KW.,  whilst  sub-stations  of  12,000-KW.  capacity  are  not 
uncommon.  These  large  stations  are  interconnected  by  heavy 
cables,  which  generally  serve  also  as  feeders. 

It  is  obvious  that,  under  these  circumstances,  in  view  of  the 
strict  limitation  of  the  line  pressure,  the  governing  factor  in  the 
feeder  designs  must,  at  some  stage  in  the  development,  change 
from  overheating  to  pressure  drop,  and  that  boosting  must  ulti- 
mately be  resorted  to.     As  the  intensity  of  loading  increases,  special 


The  conductivity  of  the  trolley  wircn  in  a  matter  of  importanc« 
with  the  feeding  HyHtem  illuiitrat45d  in  fig.  '^,  «  and  at  Man<;h<«t«r 
their  Hcction  m  increimcd,  on  renewal,  lurcorditig  to  thi-  diHfancfl 
between  feederH  and  to  tho  iiitennity  of  loading,  thi^  tj<-irig  a 
temporary  provision  until  such  time  an  installation  of  ii/I'Mlional 
feedorn  i«  juHtiHed  by  the  increased  int<-n»ity  of  Ion<ling,  the  rat^;  of 
consumption  of  (energy  being  reduced  by  thin  and  similar  m(.-anH  an 
shown  by  the  sha'lr'd  area  in  flg.  I . 

Several  feeders  are  often  oi)eratcd  in  parallel  for  the  purpoMC  of 
preventing  too  fr((|iieiit  opening  of  the  circuit  bn^nkcrB  controllinir 
very  heavily  loaded  sei-tions  ;  ond,  even  with  very  nhort  MM;tioiiK.  it 
is  observed  that,  owing  fo  the  relatively  high  (.onductivity  of  the 
feeders  as  compared  with  that  of  the  trolley  wires,  the  fewicrH  do 
not  shore  the  load  equally,  the  centre  of  gravity  of  the  load  moving 
over  a  range  of  quite  half  the  length  of  the  »ec-tion.  As  the  whole 
of  the  copper  must  be  fully  utilised,  this  has  le<l  to  the  use  of  heavy 
feeders  with  several  short  hub-fecders  radiating  to  the  adjacent  f(*d 
points.  This  method  is  becoming  very  common,  more  et-pecially 
for  the  fi.'cding  of  complicated  networks.  It  is  c<iuivolent  to  the 
installation  of  equalising  cables  between  tho  feeders. 

Little  relief  can  be  afforded  long  feeders  by  over-componndiru, 
as  the  permissible  pressure  rise  at  the  bus-bar  is  limited  by  the 
pressure  rise  which  may  be  allowed  at  the  feed  points  of  the 
shorter  feeders,  and  this  should  not  exceed  10  per  rent.  If  a 
pressure  drop  materially  in  excess  of  10  per  cent,  is,  for  economical 
design,  required  in  the  long  feeders,  therefore,  it  becomes  necessary 
to  employ  separate  positive  boosters. 

It  is  unsafe  to  operate  a  group  of  separate  feeders  from  a  common 
booster  owing  to  the  risk  of  abnormal  pressure  rise  at  the  feed 
point  of  a  temporarily  lightly  loaded  section,  and  although,  by 
parallel  operation  of  the  feeders,  this  risk  may  be  avoided,  the 
practice  leads  to  unequal  distribution  of  the  load  amongst  the 
feeders,  the  shorter  ones  being  overloaded.  For  satisfactory  opera- 
tion, therefore,  a  separate  booster  ought  to  be  installed  in  each  long 
and  heavily  loaded  feeder,  and  with  the  heavy  loading  under  con- 
sideration this  would  often  be  practicable.  In  order,  however,  to 
avoid  the  installation  of  a  large  number  of  boosters  of  varying 
capacity  the  authors  suggest  that  advantage  be  taken  of  the 
method  already  described  of  employing  main  feeders,  each  having 
several  short  sub-feeders.  The  arrangement  is  illustrated  in  fig.  3, 
and  the  pressure  drop  in  the  main  feeder  alone  would  be  com- 
pensated by  the  booster,  so  that  the  sub-feeder  bus-bar  would  be 
maintained  at  a  constant  potential,  the  design  of  the  sub-feeders 
being  governed  by  considerations  of  overheating  alone,  and  their 
load  fluctuations  not  materially  affecting  the  pressures  at  the  feed 
points. 

Automatic  circuit-breakers  with  tell-tale  indicators  at  the 
generating  station,  whence  they  could,  if  desirable,  be  operated  by 


Static 


\^ 


Fig.  3.— System  of  Feeding  by  Sub-Feedebs,  with  Main 
Feedek  only  compensated  foe  Pbessube  Deop. 


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Section 
Point 

A,  British  Standard  with   side  leads  and  distributors  (Birmingham) ; 

B,  British  Standard  with  side  leads  and  simple  feeders,  (Manchester). 

Fig.  2.— Methods  of  Positive  Feeding. 


means  become  necessary  in  order  to  maintain  the  rail  drop  at  a 
suflBciently  low  value,  and  negative  boosters  must  ultimately  be 
adopted. 

With  light  loading  and  few  supply  stations  the  system  of  feeding 
illustrated  in  fig.  2,  A,  is  generally  employed,  and  consists  of  feeders 
supported  by  distributors,  which  may  or  may  not  be  graded  in  size 
according  to  the  nature  of  the  load  variation  and  to  the  special 
duties  which  they  may  be  required  to  fulfil.  With  a  large  "number 
of  supply  stations,  as  at  Manchester  and  Liverpool,  the  simjle 
feeder  system  shown  in  fig.  2,  b,  is  employed,  since,  even  with  the 
short  lengths  of  feeding  section  available,  with  economical  dis- 
tribution through  the  trolley  wires  alone  the  feed  points  are  nearer 
to  the  stations  than  to  each  other.  As  the  intensity  of  electrical 
loading  increases,  the  length  of  feeding  section  rapidly  diminishes, 
and  with  very  heavy  loading,  owing  to  the  reluctance  of  engineers 
to  employ  feeders  much  larger  than  1  sq.  in.  in  cross-section,  the 
simple  feeder  system  of  feeding  is  universally  adopted,  although,  in 
many  cases,  with  modifications,  as  at  Chicago,  where  the  feeder  is 
continued  throughout  the  whole  length  of  the  section  and  tapped 
on  to  the  trolley  wires  at  intervals  of  from  three  to  six  spans,  the 
conductivity  of  the  trolley  wires  being  ignored  in  the  design. 


remote  control,  might  be  installed  as  shown  in  order  to  confine  the 
area  affected  by  a  feeder  breakdown,  and  would  immediately 
localise  the  fault. 

The  general  method  of  negative  feeding  is  by  means  of  separate 
feeders,  as  illustrated  by  fig.  -1.  It  is  impossible  mechanically 
to  divide  the  rails  into  definite  feeding  sections  as  is  done  in  the 
case  of  the  "line,"  and  all  negative  feeders  from  any  station  must 
be  operated  in  parallel,  the  difficulties  encountered  arising  from  the 
resulting  lack  of  exact  control  of  the  load  distribution  in  the  rails. 
Tlje  conditions  are  exactly  the  reverse  of  those  applying  to  the 
parallel  operation  of  positive  feeders,  the  conductivity  of  the  four 
raUs  of  a  double  track  being  equal  to  that  of  some  4  sq.  in.  of 
copper,  and  hence  greatly  superior  to  that  of  any  individual  nega- 
tive feeder.  It  follows,  therefore,  that  with  light  loading  the 
amounts  of  current  returning  by  the  respective  feeders,  if  of  the 
same  size,  will  be  almost  inversely  proportional  to  their  lengths, 
and  in  order  to  compel  the  longer  feeders  to  do  their  duty  they  are 
in  some  cases  made  heavier  than  the  shorter  ones.  In  other  ca^es 
resistance  is  inserted  in  the  shorter  feeders. 

However  carefully  the  negative  feed  points  may  be  selected,  the 
distribution  of  the  return  current  amongst  the  feeders  is,  with 
very  heavy  loading,  to  a  great  extent  governed  by  the  nature  of  the 
lead  distribution,  and  there  cannot  be,  without  excessive  outlay  in 
copper,  more  than  one  point  in  the  track  on  each  side  of  the  supply 
station  at  which  there  is  no  current  flow,  i.e.,  the  raUs  on  each  side 
of  the  station  cannot  be  divided  into  more  than  two  feeding  sections 
in  which  the  directions  of  current  flow  are  mutually  opposed,  the 
direction  near  the  station  being  outwards  from  it.  It  is  merelv  a 
question  of  the  balance  of  potential  following  Kirchhoft's  laws. 
The  balance  point  between  the  two  sections  can,  for  fixed  loading 
conditions,  be  moved  farther  from  the  station  by  incrffls'ng  the 
resistance  of  the  shorter  negative  feeders  or  by  reducing  tl  at  of  the 
longer  ones,  and  '(<•(•  'r/MJ,  but  the  extent  to  which,  with  heavy 
loading,  this  can  be  done,  is  limited  by  the  pressure  loss  in  the 
feeders,  since  the  latter  alternative  is  too  expensive  in  copper.  For 
a  given  length  of  track  with  increasing  loading  the  maximum  per- 
missible rail  drop  is  ultimately  attained  when  copper  must  be 
provided  to  carry  any  additional  current,  and  as  this  copper  is 
operated  at  a  very  low  current  density,  its  use  is  very  uneconomical. 


10 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW,      [voi.72.  No.  1,832,  januaey  3, 1913. 


At  Chioapo,  the  129-lb.  rails  are  reinforced  by  bare  copper  cable,  in 
increasinfr  section  from  .'lOO.OOO  cm.  (0'S927  eq.  in.)  on  the  outskirts 
of  the  8ub-Btation  area  to  10,000,000  cm.  (7'854  eq.  in.)  in  the  neifrh- 
bourhood  of  the  station,  and  even  with  this  great  outlay  there  is  much 
electrolytic  trouble.  The  direction  of  flow  is  uninterrupted,  and  if 
the  bonds  were  cut  and  the  cables  separated,  the  longer  ones  would 
bring  back  more  current. 

Rails,  Cross-bonded. 


3epArdO«  NejdCive  Feeders 


Fio.    1. — Method   oi    Necjative  Feedikg  on  Biutish  Street 
Railways. 

By  the  use  of  negative  boosters  the  track  may  be  divided  into 
definite  feeding  sections  almost  as  perfectly  as  is  the  line,  and  the 
flow  of  current  in  the  rails  may  be  controlled  in  a  manner  which 
is  almost  ideal ;  but  in  the  few  oases  in  which  negative  boosters  are 
in  use,  this  has  not  been  done.  No  definite  principle  has  been 
adopted,  the  boosters  serving  merely  as  a  means  of  compelling  long 
negative  feeders  to  do  their  duty  without  excessive  outlay  in  copper, 
the  principles  underlying  the  application  being  the  same  as  in  positive 
boosting. 

Thus,  Glasgow  has  a  negative  booster  mounted  on  the  shaft  of 
each  rotary  converter  at  the  sub-stations,  and  provision  is  made,  as 
at  Sheffield,  for  switching  any  booster  on  to  any  one  of  the  long 
negative  feeders,  or  on  to  a  group  of  long  negatives.  At  Glasgow 
and  Sheffield  the  negative  boosters  are  excited  from  positive  feeders, 
but  at  Leeds  there  is  a  large  negative  booster,  capable  of  being 
switched  on  to  a  group  of  long  negative  feeders,  excited  from  a 
shorter  negative  feeder,  whilst  several  smaller  boosters,  used  on 
occasions  of  heavy  traffic,  are  excited  from  positive  feeders.  A 
negative  booster  has  been  in  use  for  some  time  at  Birmingham  in 
order  to  maintain  the  feed  point  on  a  route  served  by  a  long  negative 
feeder  at  the  same  potential  ae  that  on  another  route  fed  by  a  shorter 
negative  from  the  same  station,  whilst  the  authors  know  of  no  case  of 
the  use  of  negative  boosters  in  America,  and  of  only  two  cases  on  the 
Continent. 

(7r<  he  cuntinved.') 


The  Turbo-Converter. 


The  paper  on  this  subject,  by  Mr.  P.  Creedt,  of  which  an  abstract 
was  given  in  our  issue  of  November  8th,  1912,  p.  765,  was  read  before 
the  meeting  of  the  Scottish  Section  of  the  Institution  ov  Elec- 
TKicAi,  Engineers,  at  Edinburgh,  on  December  10th. 

Pbof.  Bailey  (Edinburgh)  said  he  took  it  that  with  the  con- 
trivance they  required  plant  of,  say,  1,000  kw.  to  turn  out  500  kw. 
of  power.  That  was  a  serious  matter,  and  could  only  be  allowed  if 
they  could  not  work  the  commutating  machine  at  all.  He  could 
not  see  where  this  elaborate  arrangement  could  be  more 
satisfactory  than  simple  mechanical  gearing.  It  cost  a  great  deal 
more  and  must  be  distinctly  less  efficient.  Mechanical  gearing 
would  run  up  to  95  per  cent,  efficiency  in  large  sizes  at  least,  and 
this  machine  could  not  manage  that  ;  92  or  93  per  cent,  would  be 
the  greatest  that  the  induction  generator  would  reach.  He  gathered 
that  any  suitable  ratio  could  be  used,  and  it  might  have  parti- 
cular applications  in  certain  cases,  although  he  did  not  see  its 
application  for  ordinary  central  station  work,  where  they  wanted 
to  run  a  D.c.  machine  at  a  lower  speed  than  the  turbine  speed. 
He  commended  the  introduction  of  the  squirrel-cage  motor  and  the 
application  of  the  spinner  idea. 

Mr.  J.  A.  RoBERT.^ON  asked  Mr.  Greedy  for  the  combined 
efficiency  of  the  set.  He  would  not  agree  with  the  author  in 
describing  the  direct-current  turbo-generator  as  a  mechanical 
monstrosity.  A  great  change  has  taken  place  in  the  design  of 
these  machines,  and  he  had  seen  a  1,000- kw.  d.c.  machine  with 
carbon  brushes,  which  had  been  running  for  about  two  years  with- 
out the  brushes  having  to  be  renewed.  If  they  could  get  a  n.C. 
turbo-generator  to  work  satisfactorily,  it  would  be  preferable  to 
this  complicated  design.  Looking  at  the  matter  from  the  com- 
mercial point  of  view,  he  pointed  out  that  they  very  rarely  in 
present  practice  required  D.C  in  the  central  station.  Modern 
practice  was  tending  towards  large  generating  units,  and  the  trans- 
mission of  energy  in  large  quantities,  which  meant  high-pressure 
transmi.'<i!ion.  and  they  were  all  agreed  that  the  only  practicable 
method  of  doing  this  at  all  was  the  three-phase  A.c.  system.  He 
had  found  in  recent  years  that  remarkable  efficiency  could  be 
obtained  in  generating  with  A.c.  and  utihVing  the  rotary  or  motor- 
converter  in  sub-stations.  As  for  the  three-wire  system,  he  thought 
the  figures  given  by  Mr.  Greedy  were  better  than  anything  that 
had  been  got  from  the  usual  arrangement  of  tapping  a  neutral 
point  in  a  transformer,  and  carrying  it  through  to  the  middle  wire 
of  the  d.c.  system,  and  quite  lately  he  had  adopted  the  expedient  of 
putting  in  automatic  reversible  boosters  on  the  end  of  the  rotary 
shaft ;  as  one  side  or  the  other  was  out  of  balance,  they  found  this 
gave  good  compensation  for  the  drop  in  voltSKe. 

Mk.  F.  a.  Xewimjton  (Edinburgh)  thought  the  arrangement 
would  be  more  reliable  for  large  sizes  than  mechanical  gearing.  He 
did  not  see  how  they  could  get  a  reliable  machine  with  cut  gearing  to 


run  at  3,000  or  4,000  revolutions  per  minute,  while  he  would  not  agree 
with  Mr.  Robertson  that  there  was  no  use  for  d.c.  plant  in  large 
power  houses,  it  seemed  that  they  would  be  driven  into  the  adoption 
of  A.c.  simply  because  of  commutator  troubles.  It  was  not  the 
system,  but  the  plant  that  was  at  fault. 

Mil.  Bunting  (Edinburgh)  asked  if  the  actual  machine  had  been 
constructed  of  any  particular  size. 

Mr.  Wilfrid  L.  Spence  (Edinburgh)  said  he  saw  the  greatest 
difliculties  with  the  proposed  bearings,  and  an  almost  insuperable 
difficulty  in  keeping  them  oiled.  They  got  a  reduction  of  the  over- 
hang in  one  of  the  diagrams  submitted,  but  they  also  got  the  ends  of 
the  bearings  right  into  the  centre  of  the  electrical  windings.  The 
spinner  ideas  were,  commercially  speaking,  almost  impossible. 
He  could  get  mechanical  gearing  to  work  well  at  high  speeds,  and 
this  was  simply  due  to  perfection  of  cutting  and  lubrication. 

Mr.  Sam  Mavor  ((Jlasgow)  said  it  might  interest  Mr.  Greedy 
and  others  to  know  that  his  firm  (Messrs.  Mavor  &  Coulson)  were 
in  communication  at  present  with  one  of  the  most  experienced 
builders  of  large  marine  turbines  on  the  Clyde,  with  special 
reference  to  mechanical  defects  involved  in  the  spinner  motor, 
especially  in  large  sizes,  and  those  engineers  had  said  most  em- 
phatically that  they  saw  no  insuperable  difficulty  in  the  mechanical 
design  of  the  spinner  motor  in  large  sizes.  They  considered  that 
they  had  overcome  difficulties  much  greater. 

The  Ghairman  said  he  had  seen  a  good  deal  of  trouble  with 
commutators  at  high  speeds. 

In  the  course  of  his  reply,  Mr.  Greedy  pointed  out  that  the 
device  was  got  up  om  purpose  to  avoid  a  machine  of  1,000-KW. 
capacity  to  give  a  500-KW.  result.  This  was  the  result  they  got  if 
they  used  an  A.c  generator  to  drive  a  rotary  converter.  The 
arrangement  he  had  described  bore  the  same  relation  to  that  as  the 
motor-converter  bore  to  the  motor-generator.  The  capacity  of  the 
set  was  the  sum  of  the  capacity  of  the  elements,  not  twice  that. 
As  to  the  three- wire  system,  Mr.  Robertson  had  answered  the 
question  about  the  compounding  of  it,  for  which  there  was  no  way 
except  by  a  booster.  He  considered  the  percentage  of  drop  quite 
reasonable.  He  agreed  with  Mr.  Robertson  that  the  thing  to  do 
was  to  abolish  D.c,  but  failing  that,  he  thought  there  was  some 
use  for  that  apparatus.  He  had  not  got  any  definite  figures  to 
offer  on  efficiency.  He  was  glad  to  hear  Mr.  Mavor's 
statement  that  large  marine  turbine  builders  saw  no  insuperable 
difficulty  in  the  spinner  idea.  In  this  respect  he  thought  mechanical 
engineers  less  conservative  than  their  electrical  brethren,  who 
sometimes  failed  to  admit  the  utility  of  a  design  which  mechanical 
engineers  were  familiar  with.  The  apparatus  described  was  free 
from  the  possibility  of  gear  stripping  in  the  case  of  sudden  short- 
circuits,  and  while  the  gearing  might  be  less  expensive  than  the 
induction  generator,  they  saved  on  the  converter,  which  was 
cheaper  than  the  generator. 


Modern  Methods  of  Electric  Wiring. 

On  December  11th  Mr.  Frank  Broaddent,  M.I.E.E.,  read  a  paper 
on  this  subject  before  the  Association  ok  Engineers-in-Giiahge. 
Referring  to  the  earlier  methods,  the  author  pointed  out  that  in 
1874  a  Canadian  patent  of  Woodward  described  both  the  tree 
system  and  the  dibtribution  system  of  wiring,  on  which  all  modern 
developments  were  based.  For  interior  wiring,  he  said,  the  distri- 
bution system  was  now  practically  universal  in  this  country  ;  in 
rare  cases  a  pair  of  conductors  were  run  to  each  individual  light, 
and  in  motor  installations  this  system  was  undoubtedly  the  best,  as 
it  facilitated  testing  and  caused  the  least  possible  derangement  in 
the  event  of  the  motor  being  overloaded  or  faulty.  In  large  in- 
stallations subdivision  was  necessary,  carrying  the  distribution 
system  a  stage  further  ;  from  the  main  switchboard  feeders  were 
run  to  main  distribution  boxes,  and  from  these  in  turn  sub- 
distribution  boxes  were  fed,  followed  by  smaller  sub-boxes,  if 
necessary,  before  the  branches  were  run  to  the  various  groups 
of  lights.  In  planning  an  installation,  it  was  often  the  best  plan 
to  work  back  from  the  lighting  points  to  the  main  switchboard, 
rather  than  rice  lerm'i.  The  Institution  Wiring  Rules,  which 
were  now  generally  recognised  as  the  minimum  standard  to  which 
good  electrical  installation  work  should  conform,  prescribed  a  limit 
of  fiOO  watts  for  a  branch  circuit  and  fuse,  but  even  this  small 
value,  with  modern  lamps,  represented  more  than  one  might  care  to 
control  by  one  fuse.  In  public  buildings  it  might  be  necessary  to 
run  two  circuits  where  one  would  suffice  from  the  point  of  view  of 
current-carrying  capacity,  in  order  to  prevent  the  possibility  of 
plunging  a  room  in  darkness  through  the  failure  of  one  fuse.  The 
principal  circuits  might,  with  advantage,  be  limited  to  5,000  watts, 
fixing  the  number  of  ways  in  the  Bub-distribution  boxes  at  10  or  12. 
The  main  distribution  boxes  should  not  control  more  than  about 
six  circuits  each.  The  largest  installation  thus  consisted  of  a 
number  of  small  installations  linked  up  to  a  central  distribution 
point.  The  same  principles  applied  to  motor  installations,  treating 
each  motor  like  a  group  of  lights. 

Joints  in  wiring  were  to  be  avoided,  looping  being  preferable, 
within  limits  ;  but  the  latter  was  frequently  carried  to  excess, 
causing  unnecessary  expeufe,  complication  and  risk,  as  the  wires 
were  not  really  looped  in  actual  practice,  but  were  -cut  and  held 
together  in  the  terminals,  and  the  mechanical  connections  thus 
made  were  not  always  above  reproach. 

While  the  Institution  rules  allowed  small  wires  to  be  run  at 
current  densities  up  to  thousands  of  amperes  per  square  inch,  on 
the  basis  of  temperature  rise  alone,  it  was  not  possible  to  use  such 
high  densities  unless  the  length  of  conductor  was  very  short,  as  the 
voltage  drop  would  be  excessive.  For  lighting  circuits  a  drop  of 
2  or  3  per  cent,  might  be  allowed,  but  for  power  circuits  the 
current  density  was  the  only  limit.      Not  more  than  half  the  drop 


Vol.  72.    No.  I,8;t2,  Januauy  :t,  ioi;<. 


Tlll'i    ETil-XmUCAL    KKVTKW. 


11 


should  take  place  botwcon  the  main  awitchboani  and  the  diBtribnllon 
boxes. 

UosrardinfT  tho  <iuality  of  oonductorB  omployed,  ovvintf  to  the 
fact  that  tho  Hiimllor  oablcH  of  a  (fiven  (frndo  had  a  hiiflier  inHula 
tion  nisiMtanco  than  the  liir^fr  oiikm,  it  was  posBiblc,  when  a  npccifi- 
ration  called  for  u  K'von  iniiiiiimm  in.sulatioii  rcHiHtaiioo,  aw  in  tlm 
I'hii'ni.\  Ruli'w,  to  uhc  oablot*  of  difroreiit  (frados  of  inHulation  on  a 
job  without  any  of  tlicn\  falling  below  the  proHoribod  minimum. 
On  tho  other  hand,  tho  Institution  Rulo  No.  41  made  it  clear  that 
for  all  work  up  to  2r)0  voUh  the  cableH  munt  be  of  at  least  th(^  000- 
meiifohm  grade,  in  which  th(i  HinalloHt  cabloH  had  an  iiiHulation  re- 
Histance  of  1,250  meirohmH  j>cr  mile.  Tho  (jradcH  referred  to  were 
thoHO  of  the  Cnble-MakerH  Aanociation,  and  the  "  AHHOciation  ^| 
label  waH  a  hall-mark  aH  to  quality.  The  "  non-.\HHOciation  " 
quality  was  listed  as  a  (iOOmrtfohm  class,  and  nothinjr  obove  I'lOO 
appeared  to  be  (fuaranteod  in  any  si/e.  The  only  simple  teat  of 
rubWr  in.Mulation  was  the  stretchintf  test,  and  the  only  safe  prac- 
tice to  use  well-known  British  manufactures. 

,     For    feeders    and    main    circuits,   paper  or  fibre-insulated    lead- 
Bbeathed  cables  inijjht  bo  used  with  advantage. 

For  low  pressures  and  in  dry  situations,  wood  casing  had  done 
very  good  service,  and  even  in  damp  places  it  had  been  extensively 
and  successfully  used  when  treated  inside  and  out  with  waterproof 
paint  or  varnish.  The  chief  objection  to  it  was  its  combustible 
nature.  For  moist  places,  good  lead-covered  cable,  properly 
installed,  was  hard  to  beat,  but  it  must  be  properly  supported 
throughout  its  length.  It  must  never  be  used  in  tanneries  or 
breweries,  or  underground  near  the  roots  of  trees,  unless  specially 
protected.  It  could  be  run  along  dry  brickwork  with  comparative 
safety,  but  not  along  a  damp  wall  or  in  contact  with  moist  lime. 
The  creeping  of  the  lead  sheathing  must  be  guarded  against  by 
continuous  support,  and  in  the  case  of  vertical  runs,  lugs  should  be 
solilered  to  the  sheath.  Lead-covered  cables  must  not  be  laid  in 
contact  with  iron. 

For  factory  wiring  and  public  buildings,  screwed  barrel  was  very 
largely  used,  and,  when  well  done,  made  a  sound  engineering  job. 
Slip  socket  conduit  was  not  recommended.  The  choice  of  system  for 
use  in  moisture-laden  atmospheres  was  a  difficult  question  ;  pipes 
tended  to  become  water-logged,  with  disastrous  consequences. 
For  such  cases  open  work  on  insulators  was  preferable,  the 
vertical  runs  to  switch  positions  being  in  conduit  sealed  with  com- 
pound at  the  top  and  open  at  the  bottom.  Electrically  speaking, 
there  was  no  such  thing  as  a  watertight  piping  system. 

I'sing  screwed  piping  installations  in  "fireproof  "  buildings,  the 
author  had  never  had  any  trouble  due  to  condensation  in  the  pipes, 
owing  to  the  fact  that  he  insisted  on  a  clear  space  being  left 
between  the  pipes  and  the  walls  or  ceilings.  The  piping  must  be 
metallically  continuous  and  earthed,  and  the  joints  must  cot  be 
made  with  red  or  white  lead,  but  the  screw  threads  should  be 
■painted  with  aluminium  paint  and  put  together  whilst  wet.  The 
earth  connection  was  often  quite  inadequately  performed.  After 
filing  a  clean  place  on  the  conduit,  it  should  be  painted  with 
aluminium  paint,  and  a  substantial  earthing  grip  should  be  attached 
to  the  prepared  place.  The  same  method  should  be  applied  to  the 
waterpipe  which  formed  the  earth.  Serrated  earth  grips  made  a 
very  good  contact. 

AH  switch  boxes,  motors  and  other  metal  must  be  earthed,  but 
manufacturers,  with  few  exceptions,  never  fully  appreciated  the  fact. 
"Thus  we  have  small  ironclad  switches  and  fuses  with  two 
smooth  inlets  and  outlets  for  the  cables,  instead  of  one  tapped  boss 
top  and  bottom  to  receive  a  screwed  pipe.  When  only  one  hole  is 
provided,  it  is  in  rare  cases  that  sufficient  room  is  provided  to 
permit  of  leading  the  cables  into  the  terminals  without  dangerous 
cramping.  In  some  designs,  even  by  the  most  reputable  firms,  the 
iron  cases  are  split  across  the  cable  inlets,  which  are  provided  with 
porcelain  insulators  to  pa.S3  the  cables  through.  This  involves 
stopping  off  the  pipes  on  each  side  of  such  boxes,  bushing  the 
ends,  attaching  earthing  clips  to  them,  and  connecting  these  to  the 
boxes  by  wires  in  any  convenient  way,  which  is  generally  by  twist- 
ing them  under  the  heads  of  the  fixing  screws.  It  is  a  tinker's  job 
when  all  is  done.  Again,  motor  makers  turn  out  motors  intended 
for  400- volt  circuits  without  terminal  boxes.  In  some  cases  they 
adopt  the  hateful  American  practice  of  leaving  tailpieces  sticking 
out  with  brass  sweating  sockets  on  the  ends.  How  in  this  world 
they  expect  a  wireman  to  connect  his  cables  up  to  these,  and  at  the 
same  time  maintain  metallic  continuity  between  the  pipework  and 
the  motor  case,  in  accordance  with  Home  Office  requirements,  is 
known  only  to  themselves.  I  am  afraid  I  speak  rather  feelingly 
on  these  points,  as  I  have  seen  so  much  of  it,  and  cannot  help 
sympathising  with  the  wiremen  and  erectors,  who  get  thoroughly 
disheartened  when,  after  taking  special  pains  to  maintain  metallic 
continuity  throughout  the  piping  system,  they  find  that  the  fittings 
supplied  have  been  designed  in  entire  disregard  of  all  regulations, 
and  that  they  have  to  make  a  patchwork  job  at  the  finish. 

"  One  is  tempted  to  go  on  to  criticise  those  fittings,  and  they  are 
legion,  which  are  so  designed  as  to  make  it  impossible  to  wire  them 
without  stripping  the  conductors  of  their  protective  coverings  ;  to 
comment  on  those  distribution  switch  and  fuse-boxes  which  need  to 
be  entirely  dismantled  in  order  to  erect  them  ;  to  point  out  the 
absurdity  of  placing  terminal  screws  in  such  positions  that  it  is 
impossible  to  apply  a  screwdriver  to  them,  and  so  on.'' 

Wood  distribution  boxes  were  preferable  for  domestic  purposes  ; 
the  continuity  of  the  piping  could  be  preserved  by  fixing  iron  plates 
top  and  bottom  to  receive  the  pipes,  and  bonding  them  together. 
The  common  practice  of  connecting  fuses  directly  to  the  bus-bars 
in  the  boxes  prevented  them  from  being  made  dead  without  making 
the  box  dead,  when  replacing  a  fuse.  When  knife  switches  were 
used  with  the  current  passing  through  the  hinges,  the  live  ends  of 
the  cables  must  be  connected  to  the  clip  contacts  and  not  to  the 
hinges,  otherwise  the  blades  were  alive  when  the  switches  were  off, 


For  dry  interiors  the  .Stannos  ond  IleDley  sTitem*  of  wiring  w»:rc 
finding  wide  application,  as  they  mode  a  much  neat«r  job  than  nU-^-. 
conduit  for  surface  work.  The  St.  Helens  0»b-tirc  BheathiDg  was 
also  useful  for  apecinlly  had  situationit. 


THE    PHYSICAL     SOCIETY    EXHIBITION 


{ron/iHuril  liom    \  nl.   ,1,   /i(i,/i'    H'M.) 


Robt.  W.  Paul. 

A  large  number  of  instruments  were  exhibited  by  Mr.  Hobt.  \f . 
Paul,  most  of  which  were  of  quite  recent  design. 

We  illustrate  (fig.  ;^)  a  sensitive  microammeter,  indicating  one- 
fifth  of  a  microampere  and  arranged  with  suitaVde  internal  resiat- 
ances  and  shunts  for  measuring  pressures  from  '02  to  000  volts  and 
insulations  up  to  3,000  megohms.  The  shunt  switch  is  fitted  with 
a  clutch  which  prevents  the   instrument  from  being  closed   unless 


Fig.  3.— Paul  Unipivot  Testing  Set. 


the  switch  is  left  in  the  least  sensitive  position,  and  connection 
may  be  made  directly  to  the  galvanometer  by  means  of  detachable 
plugs.  This  test  set  has  advantages  in  respect  of  simplicity  and 
compactness  of  design. 

A  still  simpler  form  of  testing  set  was  shown  (fig.  4)  no  larger 
than  a  lineman's  detector  ;  it  consists  of  a  Unipivot  with  two 
scales,   one  of  which  is  graduated   in  megohms.     This  galvano- 


Fig.  4.— Unipivot  Detector, 


meter  is  a  separate  unit,  and  can  be  detached  for  other  tests  when 
required.  When  iti  is  in  position  in  the  set,  any  insulation  resistance 
connected  to  the  terminals  I,  e,  is  read  off  directly  on  the  scale. 

Another  exhibit  was  the  Unipivot  series  of  d.c.  millivoltmeters 
adapted  for  the  measurement  of  high-frequency  and  alternating 
current  by  the  addition  of  a  heater,  which  is  crossed  at  its  centre 
by  a  small  thermo-junction  ;   the  alternating  current  being  passed 


12 


THE    ELECTEICAL    EEVIEW.      [Voi.72.  no.  1,832,  jakuaby  h,  1913. 


through  the  heater,  the  thermo-iuDction  indicates  the  value  of  the 
high-frequency  current  or  pressure  direct  on  a  square-law  scale 
The  device  is  enclosed  in  an  exhausted  bulb  which,  by  means  of 
suitable  resistances  put  up  in  the  same  case,  can  be  standardised, 
and  in  that  form  is  called  a  thermal  converter.  These  thermal 
converters  may  be  fitted  with  interchangeable  multipliers,  so  that 
current  or  pressure  up  to  any  value  may  be  read  by  a  system 
already  well  known  in  connection  with  the  n.c.  instruments. 

Dynamometer  Unipivots  have  now  been  developed  as  single  or 
multirange  ammeters,  voltmeters  or  wattmeters,  in  a  form  con- 
venient for  portable  precision  instruments  for  alternating  current  of 
frequencies  up  to  100  per  second. 

An  improved  dynamometer  was  shown,  which  was  recently 
invented  by  Mr.  J.  T.  Irwin,  and  contains  an  astatic  moving  coil, 
whereby   errors   due   to  extraneous   fields,    even    of    considerable 


about  '002  mm.  diameter,  and  the  instrument  can  be  used  with  a 
reading  microscope,  or  by  projecting  curves  on  a  travelling  photo- 
graphic plate  for  recording  wireless  telegraph  signals  and  for 
physiological  work. 

The  Irwin  Optiphone  wa.s  shown  recording  speech  waves,  and 
among  other  telephone  measuring  apparatus  Tas  a  cross-talk 
meter  and  an  artiticial  telephone  cable.  The  latter,  which  we 
illustrate  (fig.  i>),  was  designed  by  Mr.  B.  S.  Cohen.  Each  section 
can  be  separately  removed,  it  being  shielded  from  the  remainder 
by  aluminium  plates.  Each  section  is  thrown  into  action  by 
operating  a  four-pole  switch,  thus  obviating  the  necessity  for  the 
manipulation  of  a  number  of  switches  or  plugs,  and  rendering 
speedy  adjustment  possible. 

H.  Tinsley  &  Co. 

The  principal  features  of  this  firm's  exhibit  were  the  various 
instruments  devised  by  Dr.  C.  V.  Dryedale  for  alternating-current 
work.  The  a.c.  potentiometer  which  has  been  evolved  by  their  co- 
operation, for  frequencies  between  25  and  500  cycles  per  second,  was 


Fig.  5. — Portable  Bridge. 


Fig.  7. — Drysdale  a.c.  Potextiometeb. 


intensity,  are  eliminated.  This  dynamometer  is  made  as  an 
ammeter,  voltmeter  or  wattmeter  in  a  convenient  portable  form, 
and  also  as  a  reflecting  iastrumcnt  of  high  sensitivity.  It  can  be 
set  up  as  a  standard  for  calibrating  A  c.  apparatus. 

Among  numerous  improvements  in  resistance  measuring  appa- 
ratus may  be  mentioned  an  extremely  compact  and  portable  self- 
contained  Wheatstone  bridge  (fig.  .'i),  weighing  a  little  over  2  lb., 
and  containing  four  decade  sets  of  coils,  together  with  multiplying 
ratios,  which  are  put  into  action  by  depressing  one  of  three  keys. 
These  keys  are  arranged  so  that  the  small  battery,  which  is  enclosed 
in  the  set,  ehall  not  be  unnecessarily  exhausted.  On  pressing  the 
key  lightly  a  resistance  is  put  in  the  battery  circuit,  and  thus  the 
sensitivity  of  the  bridge  is  reduced.  When  the  balance  is  nearly 
obtained  the  key  is  pressed  harder,  and  the  resistance  is  then  short- 
circuited,  so  that  the  full  sensitivity  is  obtained.  The  battery  can 
be  easily  renewed,  as  it  is  of  a  kind  kept  by  most  dealers  in  electrical 


l-Ki.  r>. — Artificial  Telephone  Cable. 


novelties.  As  in  the  case  of  the  insulation  meter,  the  galvanometer 
can  be  detached  and  put  into  a  leather  case  for  pocket  use. 

A  number  of  new  types  of  electrostatic  voltmeters  and  pyro- 
meters were  shown,  as  well  as  .some  new  instruments  of  the  Harris 
ohmmeter  class,  the  working  parts  of  which  are  similar  to  thope  of 
the  Omega  described  in  our  issue  of  October  18th  last.  Of  these 
ohmmeters,  one  was  exhibited  having  separate  ranges  and  reading 
from  1  microhm  upwards. 

Mr.  Campbell's  apparatus  for  high-frequency  measurement  of 
inductance  and  rapacity  was  shown  in  action,  the  latter  measure- 
ment being  made  by  the  Carey  Foster  method,  which  gives  direct 
readings  from  1  micro-microfarad  up  to  10  microfarads. 

Important  improvements  have  been  made  in  the  string 
galvanometer,  which  has  now  been  reduced  to  its  simplest  and  most 
accessible  form,  the  design  being  based  on  that  of  Dr.  U.  S. 
Sonttar  :    in  this  instrument   the  strini;  consists  of  a  gla^s  tube 


shown  (fig.  7).  As  the  result  of  five  years'  work,  the  readings  of  this 
instrument,  in  its  most  improved  form,  are  accurate  within  O'l  per 
cent,  and  the  phase  angles  within  O'l  of  a  degree  ;  the  phase- 
shifting  transformer  now  gives  a  pure  sine  wave  at  all  angles,  in 
spite  of  the  presence  of  iron,  the  hat  monies  being  almost  entirely 
eliminated.  This  instrument  fills  the  gap  in  alternating-current 
work  corresponding  to  the  indispensable  potentiometer  in  d.c. 
work,  and  we  understand  that  it  is  being  adopted  by  large  elec- 
tricity works  for  the  measurement  of  alternating  currents  up  to 
thousands  of  amperes,  in  the  same  way  as  the  d.c.  potentiometer. 

A  high-frequency  AC.  potentiometer  for  telephonic  research  was 
also  shown,  having  a  range  up  to  2,000  cycles  per  second,  and,  in 
conjunction  with  this,  an  artificial  telephone  line,  100  miles  long, 
was  exhibited.  One  of  the  most  interesting  features  of  the  exhibit 
was  a  diagram  plotted  from  readings  obtained  with  this  instrument 
over  a  .^0-mile  telephone  cable ;  the  attenuation  of  this  line  at 
1,000  cycles  per  second  was  enormous,  but  the  readings  were 
obtained  on  the  potentiometer  with  ease  and  certainty  ;  the  effect 
of  the  inductance  of  the  receiving  instrument  in  compensating  for 
the  capacity  of  the  line  at  the  receiving  end  was  clearly  demon- 
strated. The  phase  displacement  in  this  instance  amounted  to  as 
much  as  360°,  as  regards  the  voltage,  and  the  current  twist 
was  376°. 

Other  exhibits  included  Dr.  Dryedale's  stroboscopio  slip  indicator, 
the  principle  of  which  has  been  fully  described  by  the  author  in 
our  pages,  and  which  is  the  only  instrument  of  its  kind  that  gives 
by  direct  reading  the  percentage  slip  to  within  n^iith  per  cent.  ; 
standard  wattmeters  with  astatic  coils  and  fields  with  an  accuracy 
well  within  0"1  per  cent.  ;  and  the  Drysdale  phase-shifting  trans- 
former for  meter-testing,  a  new  pattern  which  is  guaranteed  to 
give  an  absolutely  pure  sine  wave  at  all  phase  angles  as  well  as  a 
constant  voltage,  the  phase  angle  being  also  guaranteed  correct  to 
a  fraction  of  a  degree.  Many  other  instruments  were  contained 
in  this  very  interesting  exhibit. 

Harrj  W.  Cox  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

This  firm  showed  a  collection  of  X-ray  api)aratus,  interrupters, 
fluorescent  screens,  kc. 

The  EdiKon  Storage  Battery  Co. 

Eldison  accumulators,  complete  and  in  parts,  were  shown  by  this 
company. 

Elliott  Bros. 

The  latest  patterns  of  the  Century  testing  sets,  P.P.  dynamometer 
instruments,  and  instruments  of  various  types  for  portable  and 
switchboard  use,  were  shown. 

A.  Gallenkaini)  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Furnaces  for  temperatures  up  to  1,100°  C,  of  the  resistance  type, 
with  silica  heating  surfaces,  were  the  electrical  features  of  this 
exhibit. 

{To  be  canti/ivfd.) 


Vol.72.  No.  1,8112,  jANUAUYit.ifliii.i      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVrcW. 


18 


LEGAL. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


OsiiAAi  Lamp  Co.  i:  D.  Smith  .'^  (Jo. 
In  the  Chancery  Court  on  Friday,  December  20th,  before  Mr. 
Justice  Warrintjton,  Mr.  Colefnx,  K.C.,  on  behalf  of  the  Osram  Lamp 
Co.,  Byiplicd  for  an  injunction  to  rcwtrain  Messrs.  David  .Smith  and 
Co.,  Red  I-ion  Court,  Fleet  Klroot,  E.C.,  from  dcalinir  in  certain 
electric  lamps  which  wore  an  infrinprement  of  two  of  their  patente, 
namely,  No.  2.S,8!)<J  of  1!»0I,  and  Xo.  18,622  of  I'.tOO. 

Counsel  stated  that  dcftmdants  had  traded  in  certain  electric 
lamps  which  they  said  were  made  in  Dresden,  but  which  the 
])laintift"8  alleged  were  an  iiifrincement  of  their  two  patents  in  the 
treatment  of  the'  lilaments.  In  November  the  defendants  were 
approached,  and  150  lamps  which  were  described  as  "Goblin" 
lamps,  were  purchased,  and  some  of  th(\-<o  were  handed  over  to  Dr. 
Oberlander,  who  analysed  them.  Others  were  sent  to  Sir  James 
Dewar,  and  an  analysis  of  the  filaments  convinced  both  gentlemen 
that  these  had  been  made  of  tunjjsten  with  a  compound  of  binding 
material,  and  that  the  carbon  had  been  removed  by  the  process 
which  was  an  infrinfjement  of  the  plaintiffs'  patents.  His  Lordship 
would  remember  that  the  whole  matter  was  dealt  with  in  a  previous 
action.  So  far  as  the  evidence  of  the  defendant  was  concerned, 
it  amounted  to  this,  that  this  Dresden  company  from  whom  he 
obtained  his  lamps  had  simply  informed  him  that  the  lamps  had 
been  made  in  a  way  that  was  not  an  infringement  of  the  plaintiffs' 
patent,  and  the  only  other  evidence  was  that  of  Mr.  Bevau,  who 
had  stated  that  in  his  belief  there  was  another  process  by  which 
they  could  extract  carbon  from  the  filaments  by  the  uscof  hydropen. 
Counsel  read  affidavits  of  the  results  of  the  examination  of  the 
lamps  by  Dr.  Oberlander  and  Sir  James  Dewar,  and  asked,  having 
retrard  to  these,  that  an  injunction  should  be  granted. 

Mk.  Terrell.  K.C,  for  the  defendants,  stated  that  after  the  trial 
of  the  action  to  which  Mr.  Colefax  had  referred,  everyone  was  par- 
ticularly anxious  that  there  should  be  no  infringement  of  these 
patents,  and  the  defendants  had  obtained  specifications  of  them 
and  forwarded  them  to  Dresden  asking  if  there  would  be  any 
infringement  of  the  English  patents  in  connection  with  the  Goblin 
lamp.  In  reply  he  had  been  assured  that  they  did  not  infringe 
these  patents  in  any  way.  At  the  trial  of  the  previous  action  the 
question  raised  was  whether  the  carbon  was  removed  physically  or 
chemically,  and,  of  course,  after  the  judgment  in  that  instance, 
everybody  had  taken  care  what  method  was  used.  Why  should  it 
be  presumed  that  in  the  present  instance  moisture  had  been  used  .' 
Supposing  there  were  three  ways  of  dealing  with  filaments  ;  one 
by  using  nitrogen,  one  by  using  moist  hydrogen,  and  a  third  by 
which  the  carbon  could  be  removed  physically  by  electric  current 
at  a  high  temperature.  If  his  learned  friend  said  that  the  first 
two  came  within  his  patents,  he  still  had  to  prove  that  it  had  not 
been  done  in  the  third  way.  That  carbon  could  be  taken  out 
of  the  filament  by  this  means  there  could  be  no  doubt. 

His  Lordship  said  he  thought,  on  the  whole,  he  ought  to  grant 
an  interlocutory  injunction.  There  had  been  no  evidence  at  all 
from  the  manufacturers  of  the  Goblin  lamp  as  to  their  process.  All 
he  had  was  a  general  statement  that  they  did  not  infringe  the 
patent.  A  specification  of  the  second  patent  was  sent  to  the 
German  manufacturers,  but  it  was  not  said  in  their  answer  that 
they  treated  their  filaments  by  chemical  process  purely,  and  they 
did  treat  them  with  hydrogen.  It  was  just  possible  that  they 
might  treat  them  with  hydrogen  in  such  a  way  as  to  expel  the 
carbon  physically  and  not  chemically,  but  that  was  all,  and  he 
thought  he  ought,  on  the  evidence  of  Sir  James  Dewar  and 
Dr.  Oberlander,  to  treat  that  as  being  so  doubtful  that  it  would  be 
better  that  he  granted  an  injunction  for  infringement  rather  than 
let  the  defendants  go  on  selling  the  lamps,  which  might  possibly  be 
a  Berious  matter  for  the  plaintiffs. 

His  Lordship  granted  the  injunction  accordingly. 


Dundee  Tramway  Claim. 


A  PECULIAR  point  arising  out  of  the  working  of  the  Dundee- 
Monifieth  Tramway  has  been  decided  by  Sheriff  Neish.  A  farmer 
sued  the  Dundee,  Broughty  Ferry  and  District  Tramway  Co.  for 
£60  in  respect  of  loss  and  damage  sustained  by  him  through  one 
of  the  defenders'  cars  coming  in  violent  contact  with  a  cart  and 
two  horses  belonging  to  him.  For  the  company  it  was  contended 
that  the  motorman  and  conductor  of  the  car  were  at  the  time  of 
the  accident  acting  as  servants  of  the  Dundee  Corporation,  and  the 
Sheriff  finds  in  fact  and  in  law  that  they  were,  and  dismisses  the 
action,  with  expenses  to  the  defenders.  His  Lordship  thinks 
pursuer's  remedy  was  to  sue  both  the  company  and  the  Corporation, 
and  let  them  fight  out  the  question  of  liability.  He  feared,  how- 
ever, the  pursuer  was  now  too  late  to  sue  the  Corporation. 


The  IVumberiu"'  of  Tramway  Routes. — In  reference 

to  a  decision  by  the  London  County  Council,  on  July  30th  last,  that 
the  routes  on  the  tramways  should  be  numbered,  the  routes  to  be 
indicated  by  means  of  numbers  fixed  to  the  cars,  the  Highways 
Committee  recently  reported  that  since  that  date  an  improved  type 
of  plate,  manufactured  by  Venner's  Signs,  Ltd.,  had  been  brought 
to  their  notice.  To  fit  all  the  cars  with  this  type  of  plate  and  the 
necessary  reflector,  lamp,  &c.,  would  cost  about  £l,.)7i.i  more  than 
in  the  case  of  the  plates  originally  contemplated.  The  Committee 
recommended,  and  it  waa  agreed,  that  the  plate  manufactured  by 
Venner's  Signs,  Ltd.,  should  be  adopted. 


(laleiidars    and    IHarles.—TiiK   Ahmoiujim    .\Ia.m - 

rA(!Ti'iaN(»  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  f'arrtngdon  Avenue.  London,  K.f,'.,  have 
sent  US  a  set  of  refillH  for  their  pi^rpetual  <lo«k  calendar  circnlatc) 
a  few  yearM  ago.  Uc  fihall  find  thci-c  rcfill.H  uweful  in  I'Ji.'t. 
The  Armorduct  Co.  has  also  sent  uh  one  of  its  dchk  blotting  pad* 
which  might  have  been  more  Hcrviceablo  if  the  top  jiockct  Ix^rder 
had  been  just  a  little  quieter.  Kach  xheet  of  blotting  contaiiiM  a 
calendar  for  the  year. 

TiiK  Diamond  Coal  Ct 'Itku  i'o.,  of  Wakefield,  have  prepared 
a  wall  calendar  with  monthly  slips  for  191li.  The  design  includew 
a  picture  of  one  of  their  coal-cutting  equipments. 

From  Mksshs.  V'ennku  A;  Co.,  of  6,  Old  Queen  Street,  West- 
minster, London,  S.W.,  whose  new  year  souvenirs  are  always  useful, 
and  last  well,  we  have  received  a  handy  little  key-ring,  accompanied 
by  an  appropriate  folder  written  in,  characteristic  Venner  style. 
If  any  of  the  firm's  usual  recipients  have  Ijeen  inadvertently  over- 
looked, they  are  asked  to  notify  the  fact,  and  so  long  as  the  stock 
lasts  they  will  prevent  disappointment. 

Mkssrs.  Alired  Hkruert,  Ltd.,  of  Coventry,  have  again 
issued  a  most  serviceable  monthly  sheet  calendar  for  the  New 
Year,  each  sheet  bearing  an  art  illustration  of  one  of  their  machine 
tools,  and  boldly-printed  dates. 

The  D.P.  Battery  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  again  drawn  upon  the 
beauties  of  the  country  in  which  their  works  are  situated  for  a 
picture  wherewith  to  adorn  their  101  :i  calendar.  A  charming  view 
in  colour  of  Water-cum-Jolly  on  the  River  Wye,  which  provides  the 
company's  water  power,  so  takes  one's  interest  that  the  set  of  small 
monthly  slips  is  almost  lost  sight  of. 

The  Hart  Accumulator  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Marshgate  Lane, 
Stratford,  London,  have  once  more  prepared  as  a  New  Year 
souvenir  for  their  friends  a  handy  desk  blotting  pad. 

From  the  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  London,  we  have  received  another  of  their  serviceable  desk 
reminder  stands,  with  a  set  of  turn-over  engagement  slips  for  the 
year  191ri. 

From  Messrs.  Pirelli,  Ltd.,  we  have  received  an  ingenious 
hanging  or  desk  perpetual  type  calendar.  Daily  and  monthly 
changes  are  effected  by  turning  a  couple  of  brass  knobs,  the 
name  of  month  and  date  figures  being  clearly  brought  out  within  the 
circle  of  a  Pirelli  tire  which  stands  out  quite  realistically  against 
a  green  and  blue  watery  background,  with  waterfalls  and  a  sky  of 
golden  glory  beyond. 

The  insulating  varnish  department  of  Mu.  Chas.  H.  Blume 
(White  Building.  Sheffield)  will  be  remembered  during  1913  by  all 
who  receive  their  excellent  wall  calendar,  for  above  the  monthly 
date  slips  there  is  a  charming  reproduction  of  the  well-known 
picture  by  Millais  in  which  two  boys — Sir  Walter  Raleigh  and 
another^are  under  the  early  spell  of  tales  of  the  sea  and 
what  lies  beyond  it.  Together  with  the  calendar  Mr.  Blume 
has  also  sent  us  a  handy  size  memoranda  and  pocket  engage- 
ment book  (onp  line  per  day)  for  the  year.  A  number  of 
useful  tables  and  an  "  Ocean '"  insurance  coupon  are  contained 
therein. 

The  Sun  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  118  and  120,  Charing  Cross 
Road,  W.C,  have  sent  to  their  friends  a  pocket  propelling  pencil 
and  case  of  refills  for  obvious  purposes  during  1913.  If  perchance 
any  pencils  have  gone  astray,  a  line  dropped  to  the  company  will 
at  once  bring  another  to  take  its  place. 

A  calendar  of  serviceable  size  and  interesting  design  has  been 
received  from  the  Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Norfolk  House, 
London,  W.C.  It  is  suitable  either  for  hanging  or  for  desk  use, 
and  has  monthly  tear-off  slips  with  clear  figuring. 

Messrs.  Thermit,  Ltd.,  of  27,  Martin's  Lane,  London,  W.C, 
have  issued  one  of  their  useful  pocket  note-books  with  1913  and 
1914  calendars,  also  a  number  of  pages  of  descriptive  and  other 
matter  relating  to  the  Thermit  system. 

Mr.  H.  a.  Westjiancott,  electrical  contractor,  of  280,  Goswell 
Road.  London,  E.C.,  has  circulated  a  wall  calendar  with  monthly 
slips. 

A  wall  calendar  in  which  both  the  perpetual  and  the  monthly 
tear-off  slip  arrangements  are  employed  has  been  prepared  by 
Pope's  Electric  Lamp  Co.,  and  they  will  send  a  copy  to  anybody 
who  may  perchance  have  been  overlooked,  on  receipt  of  application. 
"  Elasta  "  wire  lamps  are,  of  course,  well  in  evidence  in  the  design. 

Friends  of  Messrs.  Falk,  Stadiolmanx  i;  Co..  Ltd.,  83-87, 
Farringdon  Road,  London,  B.C.,  have  received  an  "  Efesca '"  scrib- 
bling pad,  which,  we  imagine,  will  be  a  very  serviceable  desk  com- 
panion for  some  time  to  come.  Calendars  for  1913  and  1914  appear 
inside  the  cover,  and  the  pad  is  of  the  renewable  class.  Any  of 
our  readers  can  have  one  on  application  to  the  firm. 

Messrs.  Neale  &  Wilkinson,  Ltd.,  shipping  and  forwarding 
agents,  32,  St.  Mary  Axe,  London,  E.C..  have  issued  a  wall  card  for 
1913,  showing  conveniently  a  calendar  for  the  entire  year,  in 
addition  to  which  there  is  a  block  of  daily  date  slips,  with  bold  red 
figuring.    Copies  will  be  sent  on  application. 

The  Dussek  Bitumen  Co.,  of  Canal  Bank,  Deptford,  London. 
S.E.,  have  made  an  excellent  improvement  in  their  pocket-book  and 
diary  for  1913.  This  time,  instead  of  the  accustomed  cover,  we 
have  a  letter  and  card  case  with  refill  diary  (Letts),  also  an  accident 
insurance  coupon, 

Concert.— On  Satunlay  next,  Junuary  11th,  at  7.:iO  p.m., 
the  St.  James"  Electric  Athletic  Club  will  hold  its  12  th  annual 
smoking  concert  at  the  Pillar  Hall,  Victoria  Station  Restaurant. 


14 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.72.  no.  1,832,  januaby  3, 1913. 


Book  IV'otices. — The  I'raclical  Electricuitis  Pocket- Bonk 
ami  1)1,1  r If  lor  I'll 3.  Edited  by  H.  T.  Crewe,  M.I.Mech.E. 
London  ;  S.  Rent*"!!  .t  Co.  Price  Is.  net. — This  well-known  pocket- 
l)ook  ha*  been  improved  by  the  omission  of  superfluous  matter,  and 
the  addition  of  new  sections  dealing  with  coal-cutters,  cables, 
power  and  liphtin?  installations,  wireless  teleg'raph  stations,  the 
new  Home  Ollice  Mininfir  Rules,  vSrc.  makings  a  net  increase  of 
44  pages.  It  is  a  handy  size  for  the  pocket,  and  contains  a  vast 
amount  of  information  useful  to  the  electric-an  engaged  in 
practical  work. 

'■  Potnis."  By  Edmund  L.  Hill.  London  :  Ulcftrician  Printing 
and  Publishing  Co.,  Ltd.     Price  2s.  6d.  net. 

'' Jtiillrtin  Mensuel  de  la  Sociutt'  Beige  d'Electriciene."  Vol. 
XXl.X,  No.  10.  October,  1912.  Brussels:  Emile  Bruylant 
Price  \Ji>  fr. 

''  Jiullrtiii  of  the  Association  des  Ingenieurs  Electricians." 
November,  1912.     Lit'-ge  :  The  Association.     Price  i»..'iO  fr. 

"  Pnifimliiiyx  of  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers." 
Vol.  XXXI,  No.  12.  Dec<;mber,  1912.  New  York  :  The  Institute. 
Price  SI. 00. 

'•  Proiredin.js  of  the  Physical  .Society  of  London."  Vol.  XXV, 
Part  1.  December  l.")th,  litil'.  London-;  The  Klnlnc'ian  Printing 
and  Publishing  Co.,  Ltd.     Price  4s. 

"  J  our  mil  of  the  Franklin  Institute."  Vol.  CLXXIV,  No.  D. 
December,  1912.     Philadelphia,  Pa.  :  The  Institute.     Price  r>0  c. 

"  Fortschritte  der  Elektrotwhnik."  By  Dr.  Karl  Strecker. 
Berlin  :  Julius  Springer.     Price  M.  14 

"School  of  Mines  Quarterly. '  Vol.  XXXIV,  No.  1.  November, 
1912.     New  York  :  Columbia  University.     Price  50  cents. 

"  Bulletin  Scientifique  de  I'Association  des  EK^ves  des  Ecoles 
Sptkiiales."  November,  1912.  Liege:  The  Association.  Price 
~'>  cents. 

"  Procecdingg  of  the  Engineering  Association  of  New  South 
Wales."  Vol.  XXVI.  (With  list  of  members.)  Sydney  :  The 
Association. 

"Joiirniil  of  the  Western  Society  of  Engineers."  Vol.  XVII, 
No.  9.     November,  1912.     Chicago:  The  Society.     Price  60  cents. 

"  Hi,  I  Iff  hi  of  the  Bureau  of  Standards."  Vol.  VIII,  Nos.  2  and  3. 
June  and  November,  1912.  Index  to  Vol.  VII,  '•  Melting  Points  of 
Fire  Bricks."  By  C.  W.  Kanolt.  Washington  :  Government 
Printing  office. 

"  Boletin  de  Ingenieros."  Vol.  Ill,  No.  .3.  November  16th,  1912. 
Mexico :  Departmento  de  Ingenieros  de  la  Secretaria  de  Guerra. 

Cataloirues    and   Lists.  —  Thk    IJnrnsH    Thojison- 

HocsTON  Co..  L7i>.,  77,  Upper  Thames  Street,  London,  E.G.— We 
have  received  eight  sections  of  the  recently-issued  complete 
catalogue  of  the  B.T.H.  lamp  and  wiring  supplies.  As  the  book 
was  fully  noticed  here  at  the  time,  we  need  only  mention  the 
titles  of  the  separately -bound  sections: — A.  Wiring  Accessories 
(holders,  ceiling  roses,  wall  plugs,  distributic  n  boxes,  i:c.)  :  B.  Bells, 
Telephones  and  Batteries  ;  F.  Electric  Light  Fittings  ;  L.  Incandes- 
cent Electric  Lamps  ;  M.  Theatrical  Apparatus,  Flashers,  Signs 
and  Motor-Car  Accessories  ;  S.  Shades  and  Reflectors  ;  T.  Conduits 
and  Acce.ssories  ;  W.  Wires,  Cables  and  Accessories.  Each  of  the 
sections  has  a  different  coloured  cover  of  stiff  art  paper,  and,  in 
order  to  protect  the  edges  of  the  inside  pages,  the  covers  are  of 
such  a  size  as  to  overlap  the  latter. 

Messus.  J.  KiKBV  A;  Co.,  Alpha  Street,  Dewsbury  Road,  Leeds. — 
Illustrated  pamphlet  of  eight  pages  relating  to  water-pressure  driven 
pumping  engines  and  Ramsbottom  tripie-ram  water  engines  for 
mining  and  other  purposes  ;  also  a  four-page  list  showing  and 
briefly  describing  their  electric  outfits  for  organ-blowing.  Prices 
are  stated  in  some  cases. 

Thi;  Schxiewixdt  Ei.ectkic  Co.,  40  and  41,  Staaiforth  Street, 
Birmingham. — New  lists  of  resistance  wires  made  by  the  Kratos- 
Werke  Erlan,  for  whom  they  are  sole  agents  in  this  country 
Nickel-chrome  heating  wires  in  all  sizes  are  stocked. 

Mf.ssks.  Nationai,  Alloys,  Ltd.,  Altior  Foundry,  3S,  The  Hill, 
Ilford,  London.  E. — Twenty-four-page  catalogue  describing  their 
various  manufactures,  which  include  "Ivaniuni  "  aluminium  alloyt, 
"Cupraninm  "  brasses  and  bronze,  "Bear-ring  "  anti-friction  metals, 
"Altior"  manganese,  aluminium  and  phosphor  bronze,  kc.  A  table 
is  given  of  physical  properties  of  metals. 

Trade  Annonnreiiients. — Me.^shs.  Lodge  Bros,  and 

Co.  have  built  large  offices  adjoining  their  works  in  Wrentham 
."street,  off  the  Bristol  Road,  Birmingham,  and  during  the  holidays 
they  removed  into  them.  The  change  was  imperative,  owing  to 
business  expansion.  All  communications  should  be  sent  to 
Wrentham  Street  in  future.  Telephone  No. :  "  Midland  2200"  (two 
lines).  We  have  received  an  illustrated  leaflet  of  the  "Lodge" 
sparking  plug. 

Mii.  Geohiik  E.  PiGCiOTT,  who  has  for  the  last  15  years 
made  the  subject  of  elevating  a  special  study,  has  now 
associated  himself  with  Messrs.  Etchells,  Congdon  &  Muir,  Ltd  , 
of  Manchester,  and  will  manage  their  London  and  .'»outh- 
Eastern  Counties  business  at  his  present  address — 24,  New  Bridge 
Street,  London,  E.C.  Samples  of  the  various  parts  of  apparatus 
are  on  view,  including  the  automatic  speed  governor  and  collapsible 
gates. 

Mb.  C.  Franklin  Tubus  has  increased  his  manufacturing 
accommodation,  and  taken  new  premises  in  Carlton  Mills,  Leeds, 
which  cover  a  floor  space  about  four  times  that  of  the  old  work- 
shop. The  extension  was  neces-sitattd  by  increasing  demand  for 
"Nonpareil"  apparatus,  and  prompt  delivery  of  all  classes  of  a.c. 
Bwitchgear  and  other  specialities  will  now  be  ensured.  All 
correspondence  should  be  addressed  to  2,  Craven  Terrace,  Carlton 
Hill,  Leeds,  as  previously. 


Mb.  p.  S.  Dohebty,  of  25,  Victoria  Street,  London,  S.W.,  has 
been  appointed  sole  British  agent  for  the  sale  of  locomotives  manu- 
factured l)y  the  Societc  .\nonyme  de  Saint  Leonard,  of  Lioge,  and 
also  for  railway  bridges,  points  and  crossings  manufactured  by  the 
Socioti'  Anonyme  du  Nord  de  Lii'ge. 

The  Armobdvct  MANiFACTtruiNO  Co.,  Ltd.,  are  making 
further  large  BMtensions  at  their  Witton  Works  to  cope  with  the 
increasing  demand  for  their  specialities. 

Our  Bradford  correspondent  writes  that  the  Ph(ENIX  Dynamo 
Mamfactuking  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Thornbury  Works,  Bradford, 
'  announce  their  intention  to  double  the  capacity  of  their  works, 
and  state  that  the  cause  of  the  necessity  of  this  extension  is  the 
success  of  their  specialised  system  of  textile  driving." 

The  Electbical  ArrAU.\Ti  s  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Vauxhall  Works, 
South  Lambeth  Road,  London,  announce  that,  owing  to  the  large 
increase  in  the  sales  of  E.A.C.  high  torque  electricity  meters,  and 
both  D.c.  and  a.c.  motor  control  gear,  they  are  again  obliged  to 
arrange  for  works  extensions.  A  contract  has  just  been  entered 
into  for  the  building  of  three  additional  shops,  which  will  prin- 
cipally be  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  the  above  apparatus. 
The  present  factory,  built  early  in  I'.tl  1,  was  a  very  large  extension 
as  compared  with  the  old  premises  at  Mill'ord  Works,  and  now 
the  company  have  again  practically  doubled  their  premises. 
During  the  year  1912  they  successfully  introduced  their  apparatus 
abroad,  and  wc  understand  that  their  export  trade  with  Canada, 
South  America,  Austialia,  New  Zealand,  China  and  Italy  is 
beginning  to  take  on  large  proportions. 

The  Electhic  and  Ordnance  Acceskobies  Co.,  Ltd.,  of 
Cheston  Road,  Aston,  Birmingham,  advise  us  that  they  have  just 
appointed  Mr.  W.  Ogden  Dayson,  of  1,  Mount  Street,  Swansea,  to 
represent  them  for  their  electrical  manufactures  in  South  Wales. 
Mr.  Dayson  succeeds  Mr.  C.  R.  Hough,  of  Swansea,  who  has  given 
up  the  agency  in  order  to  start  business  for  himself  in  the  Mid- 
lands.    Mr.  Dayson's  telephone  number  is  "  914  Central." 

The  Northern  Electrical  and  Ventilating  Co.,  Ltd., 
removed  on  31st  ult.  from  Dale  Street,  Liverpool,  to  6,  Williamson 
Square.  New  telephone  number,  "  Royal  43(i4."  A  large  select  in 
of  electric  light  fittings,  shades,  kc,  will  be  on  view  in  the 
new  showrooms  early  in  the  New  Year. 

Xew  YuUanised   Bitumen  Strip. — A  new  form  of 

vulcanised  bitumen  strip  has  just  been  introduced  by  Messrs. 
W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Wobks  Co.,  Ltd.,  Blomtield  Street, 
EC,  with  which  a  homogeneous  joint  can  be  made  in  the  insula- 
tion of  \M(.  cables,  the  difficulties  hitherto  met  with  in  making  a 
satisfactory  joint  having  been  overcome.  The  new  material,  which 
is  called  the  "  Clyde  '  tape,  is  of  such  a  nature  that  the  simple 
process  of  warming  the  lapped  joint  with  a  blow  lamp  causes  it  to 
become  thoroughly  adherent  and  to  form  a  perfectly  homogeneous 
joint.  It  is  supplied  in  any  of  the  usual  widths,  from  J  lin. 
upwards,  in  rolls  of  about  1  lb.,  and  in  three  thicknesses,  packed 
in  air- tight  tins. 

For  Sale. — The  Bristol  electricity  department  has  for 
disposal  a  30-ft.  electric  launch,  and  a  (juantity  of  electrical  plant 
and  material.     See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

Dissolutions   and    Liquidations. — Lifiirr   Raii-wavs 

Syndicate,  Ltd. — This  company,  meeting  at  the  oflices  of  the  New 
General  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.,  London,  on  November  2.^th  and 
December  2nd,  resolved  to  wind  up  voluntarily. 

International  "Z"  Lamp  Association,  Ltd. -This  company 
is  winding  up  voluntarily  with  Mr.  C.  Field,  Broad  Street  Avenue, 
E.G.,  as  liquidator.  A  meeting  of  creditors  is  called  for  January 
6th.  Creditors  must  send  in  particulars  of  their  debts,  &c.,  by 
January  31st. 

Superheaters,  Ltd. — A  meeting  is  called  for  February  3rd  at 
19,  Southampton  Street,  London,  W.C,  to  hear  an  account  of  the 
winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  G.  W.  F.  Dawes. 

Bankruptcy  Proceedings. — Wesley  Sutton,  62,  Dale 

.street,  Liverpool,  lately  trading  in  partnership  with  Samuel  Lord 
and  John  William  Garsden,  under  the  style  of  the  Howe  Electrical 
Engineering  Co. — This  debtor  attended  at  the  Court  House,  Govern- 
ment Buildings,  Victoria  Street,  Liverpool,  last  Monday,  before  Mr. 
Registrar  Howarth,  for  his  public  examination.  In  reply  to 
questions,  the  debtor  disputed  the  allegation  made  that  he  had  any- 
thing more  to  do  with  the  books  of  the  firm  than  Mr.  Lord  had,  so 
far  as  investigating  the  condition  of  the  business  was  concerned. 
When  he  left  the  partnership,  the  iE  100  he  received  was  a  figure  arrived 
at  by  a  balance-sheet,  and  at  that  time  he  was  not  aware  that 
in  law  he  was  liable  for  certain  amounts  for  which  he  had  since  been 
held  liable.  lie  attributed  the  failure  of  the  company  to  the  large 
amount  of  money  spent  on  the  development  of  certain  patents,  out  of 
which  they  had  exjjected  to  make  their  fortunes.  From  1876,  when  he 
returned  to  England  from  America,  to  1893,  he  was  engaged  in  an 
engine-packing  manufacturing  business  in  London,  Castleton  and 
Manchester,  from  which  he  retired  with  about  £2,000.  Later,  he 
had  an  interest  in  an  "outside  "  stockbroking  business  in  Manchester, 
in  which  he  lost  considerably.  Afterwards  he  had  another  businesa 
in  Birmingham,  which  he  sold  for  about  the  same  figure  as  he  had 
given  for  it,  and  about  189.")  he  went  to  Liverpool  and  joined  the 
Howe  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  into  which  he  paid  H'MiO  capital. 
In  October,  1909.  that  business  was  sold  to  a  limited  company.  The 
case  was  adjourned,  and  certain  accounts  were  ordered. 

Aliiert  Edward  Martin  (trading  as  the  Midland  Electrical 
Supply  Co.),  electrical  engineer,  39,  Great  Charles  Street,  Bir- 
mingham.— January  8th  is  the  last  day  for  the  receipt  of  proofs 
for  dividend.  Trustee,  Mr.  A.  S.  Cully,  191,  Corporation  Street, 
Birmingham. 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,s:i2,  .Tanhaky  :;,  I'.Mit. 


THE    VjhVjCnUCM,    nVjVlKW. 


Sa.mimcIj  liOun  (lircclor  of  a  liuiit<Mi  coiiipuiiy,    IH,  .Iuimch  Ktrrf;t, 
I/ivcrpooI.-    Mr.  Kc^'intrar  Ilowarth  nlno  holi)  a  .^ittini;  iit  Liverimol 
InHt  MonHny  for  tlic  public;  rxaminatio)!  of  thiH  (lol)tor.     Mr.  Vi'U-.y 
Martin  appeared  for  the  (iebtor,  wlione  Htatemoit  of  offairH  xhowod 
liabililicH  amountiii)r    to  £.^,'.U2,    and  UHHotn  OHtimatod  at  £5  IOp., 
which  mm  wan  iiimdicifiit  to  covor  the  claiiim  of  tho  preferential 
iToditorH.      (^ueHtiotied  by    the  Ollioial  Receiver,   the  debtor  Htated 
that  h(;  hiid  formerly  licen  in  partnereliip  with  Wctdey  Sutton,  who 
was  bin  father-in-law.     He  (Ijord)   whh  at  present   manntrer  of  an 
electrical  enfrineeriiii,'   company  at  a  fnlary  of  i":i  a  week.     About 
18  yearw  ajfo  he  joineil  two  oth(!rn  in   partnernhip  under  the  Htylo 
of  the  Howe  Electrical  Co.     He  broufrl't  in   £(>()((,  obtained  by  an 
advance  on  a  reversionary   interest  in  his  father's  estate,  and  later 
he  brought  in  further  capital.     About  three  years  later  one  of  the 
partners  retired,  and  the  bui-incss,  which  waa  carrifd  on  at  Hedcroes 
Street,  Liverpool,  was  continued  by  himself  and  Mr.  Weflcy  Sutton, 
the  other  partner.     At  that  time  a   Mr.  Garsden   was  admitted  a 
partner,   and  a  brunch  of  the  business  wa.-^  ojiened    at  IJlackbum. 
This  (jentleman   aleo  broujrht  in  capital.     In  September,  litO'.l,  the 
partnership   assets,    with   the   exceptirn  of   the  outstandiner  book 
debts,  were  sold  to  a  company  called  the  Howe  Klectrical  KntrineeriBg 
Co.,  Ltd.,  for  £l,"-'()0  in  cash  and  £2,400  in  shares,  but  the  partner- 
ship liabilities  were  not  to  be  taken  over  by  the  limited  company. 
The  partnership  was  dissolved  in  the  following  month,  and  he  (the 
debtor)   and    Mr.  Gareden  paid  Mr.  Sutton  £100  as  his  interest,  and 
by    the    detd    cf  disEolution  agreed  to  idemnify  h'm    against  all 
liabilities  in  respect  of  the  late  partnership.     In  February,   1911. 
the  limited  company  went  into  voluntary  liquidation,  and  part  of 
the   assets   were   acquired    by   a  new   company,  of  which  he  (the 
debtor)  was  now  the  manager.     The  debtor  was    questioned  as  to 
various  sums  borrowed  from  piivate  persons  and  as  to  the   over- 
drafts that  were  guaranteed  at  the  bank  and  had  been  paid  by  the 
guarantors.    lie  SFserted  that  he  knew  very  little  about  the  financial 
affairs  of  the  firm,  ».s  he  left  that  mainly  to  Mr.  Sutton,  in  whom 
he  placed  implicit  confidence.     In  regard  to  the  sale  to  the  com- 
pany, he  stated  that  he  knew  very  little  about  the  figures,  nor  did 
he    know   how    various  amounts  owing  by  the  partnership   were 
treated  in  the  books  of  the  firm.     The  Registrar  ordered  the  case  to 
stand   adjourned,   and   intimated   that  the  debtor  must  come  pre- 
pared to  give  further  information  than  he  had  given  on  the  present 
occasion. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Argentina. — Referring   to   tlie   concession    question    in 

Buenos  Ayres,  the  Eerirw  of  the  River  Plate  fays  : — In  view  of  the 
fact  that  Messrs.  Lacroze  Bros,  have  now  applied  direct  to  the 
municipality  for  a  concession  under  the  same  terms  as  those 
granted  to  the  Alemana  and  Italo-Argentino  Companif  p,  we  do  not 
think  that  anything  further  will  now  be  done  in  connection  with 
this  matter.  By  their  application  for  a  concession  Messrs.  Lacroze 
evidently  do  not  intend  to  stand  by  the  rights  given  thtm  by  the 
Government  decree,  and,  therefore,  if  they  do  not  adhere  to  those 
rights,  in  our  opinion,  no  other  company  can  claim  the  privileges 
established  by  that  decree. 

The  Italian  Argentina  Electric  Co.  has  secured,  after  a  lively 
struggle,  its  concession  to  supply  the  city  of  Buenos  Ayres  with 
electric  light.  The  society  has,  says  La  Liimicre  Electriqve,  a 
capital  of  125  million  francs. 

Australia. — "When  the  mail  left  Tasmania  the  works  of 
the  Hydro-Electric  Co.,  Hobart,  were  about  to  be  temporarily 
stopped.  The  explanation  given  was  that  mere  capital  was  reeded 
to  complete  the  wojks.  "  There  is  ro  doubt,"  said  Mr.  Ewirg,  one 
of  the  local  directors  of  the  ccmpacy,  in  an  interview  with  a  Press 
man,  "  that  the  undertaking  was  under-capitalieed  considering  the 
magnitude  of  the  work  that  was  contemplated." 

A  scheme  for  generating  electricity  by  utilising  the  waters  of  the 
Yarra  has  just  been  urder  the  notice  of  Mr.  Graham,  Minister  for 
Agriculture  and  Water  Supply.  Power  cculd  be  obtained  from  the 
Yarra  between  Evelyn  and  Horse  Shoe  Bend,  15  miles  from  Mel- 
bourne. A  deputation  on  the  subject  pointed  out  to  Mr.  Graham 
that  the  Government  s-hould  consider  this  in  connection  with  the 
propostd  electrification  of  the  local  railways.  The  Minister  said 
that  the  suggestion  would  be  laid  before  the  State  Rivers  ard 
Water  Supply  Commission  for  report. 

Baildon. — The  U.D.C.  has  sealed  a  memorial  to  the 
B.  of  T.  applying  for  a  prov.  order  for  electric  lighting. 

Ballyconnell  (County  Cavan). — A  scheme  is  on  foot 

for  the  electric  lighting  of  this  village.  The  matter  is  in  the 
hands  of  Messrs.  T.  MGovern  ard  T.  O'Reilly. 

Barking:. — Subject  to  the  British  Anti-Fculing  Com- 
position and  Paint  Co.  guaranteeing  a  minimum  consumption  of 
30,000  units  per  annum  for  a  period  of  five  years,  the  necessary 
extensions  of  mains  are  to  be  carried  cut  to  give  the  cempany  an 
increased  power  supply.  The  Council's  service  main  is  to  be 
extended  across  the  Creek  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £225  to  supply 
the  northern  outfall  works  of  the  L.C.C.,  subject  to  a  guaranteed 
minimum  revenue  of  £S0  therefrom,  plus  interest  on  capital 
outlay. 

Basingstoke.— With  reference  to  the  electricity  scheme 
prepared  by  the  borough  surviyor,  the  T.C.  has  decided  to  obtain 
the  services  of  an  electrical  engineer  to  report  on  the  matter,  and, 
if  necessary,  attend  at  the  B.  of  T.  in  support  of  the  application  for 
a  prov.  order. 


Bentley  (torkn.).  'i'he-  I'rimn  bihtricL  ('oiin<;il  litut 
ugrcitd  to  the  mt.'ifiHlion  that  the  ItoDcoiiter  Corporation  >h'iald 
Hupply  cleictricily  to  Hi  iitley  at  Mimilar  ratiH  to  IIiom' in  veifiic  in 
Donca«t"r,  and  Hubji;(;t  to  arrunKcnicntN  txrinf  ina/)r-  tx-twe-cn  the 
(-'orporation  and  the  local  <;olliery  company,  which  at  prwi-nt 
supplies  electricity  to  ( crtain  parts  of  the  Bentlcy  diKtrict, 

Berwick-on-Tweed.— The     Hchemc     of     tho     Kk'tric 

Supply  (.'o.  for  a  complete  electrical  inHtallation  at  the  barra/  k" 
baa  been  accepted  by  the  military  he!af'quarten>.  I'nder  the  x^beme 
the  entire  prcmiscM  will  be  lit  by  the  electric  light. 

Billericay  (Fsse.^).— The  \i.\)S).  has  decided  to  have- 

the  electric  light  iuHtallcd  at  the  new  hospital,  at  an  cHtimated  vottt 
of  £:iOO,  insteiul  of  purchasing  a  petrol  air  gas  plant.  The  archi- 
tect, Mr.  Bird,  has  been  instructed  to  obtain  tenders. 

Bridlington.— The  T.C.  has  referred  hack  to  the 
I'-lcctrioity  Committee  for  further  consideration  a  recommendation 
to  apply  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  conFent  to  supply  current  ontoide  the 
borough. 

Brighton. — The  engineer  has  been  authorlBed  to  experi- 
ment with  series  high  candle-power  metal  lamps  for  street  lightinf? 
in  place  of  series  arc  lighting. 

It  has  been  agreed  to  give  the  Brighton  Railway  a  supply  for 
lighting  purposes  c.n  pajnient  of  £:i  per  kw.  installed  lighting 
demand  per  annum  in  addition  to  the  charge  registered  throogh  the 
power  meter. 

Buxton. — The  U.D.C,  with  the  idea  of  obtaining  new 
consumers,  has  decided  to  distribute  1,000  circulars,  which  are  to  be 
followed  up  by  a  personal  call.  Sample  radiators  and  other  elec- 
trical appliances  are  to  be  fixed  at  the  enginetr's  oflBce  for  inspection 
by  consumers. 

The  Council  has  dec'ded  to  extend  the  mains  to  Buxton  College, 
the  necessary  guarantee  to  meet  interest  on  the  outlay  having  been 
given. 

Canada. — The  operation  of  the  Winnipeg  electrical  plant 
gives  ample  ground  for  hope  that  a  3  c.  per  Kw.-hour  rate  may  be 
established  in  that  city  during  the  next  few  months.  The  profit  for 
the  month  of  November,  under  the  present  low  rates — about  the 
lowest  in  Canada — was  SlO,000.  Prof.  L.  A.  Herdt  submitted  to 
the  Board  of  Control  his  recommendation  for  the  erection  of  a  second 
transmission  line  to  Point  Du  Bois,  adding  two  units  to  the  plant 
there  and  enlarging  the  facilities  at  the  McPhilips  Street  sub- 
station. The  whole  project  would  coft  .'?700,000,  and  would  protect 
the  city  against  all  trouble  that  might  occur. 

Old  Quebec  City  is  rapidly  becoming  the  centre  of  hydro-electric 
development.  The  Quebec  Light,  Heat  and  Power  Co.  had  the  field 
almost  to  itself  up  to  a  short  time  ag-o,  but  lately  two  new  hydro- 
electric companies  entered  the  field.  The  Stadacona  Hydraulic  Co. 
will  be  supplying  energy  about  the  middle  of  1913,  with  some 
10,000  H. p.,  practically  all  of  which  has  been  disposed  of. 

Saskatchewan.-  Mr.  George  Harrison,  manager  of  the  Sas- 
katchewan Ironworks,  states  that  there  are  about  10  million  tons  of 
good  steam  coal  accessible  at  the  Lake  of  the  Rivers,  and  prophesies 
that,  in  due  time,  a  great  power  station  will  be  erected  there  to  supply 
current  to  ReKina,  Moose  Jaw  and  smaller  towns.  The  Legislature 
has  received  the  report  of  Mr.  Wynn  Roberts  on  the  feasibility  of 
developing  power  at  the  Souri  Valley  coalfields. 

Castle  Eden.— The  V>.  of  T.  has  been  applied  to  by  the 
Cleveland  and  Durham  County  Electric  Power  Co.  for  consent  to 
erect  overhead  mains  at  Castle  Eden  and  Parklands,  for  the  supply 
of  current  under  the  Acts  of  IflOl  and  1903,  at  a  pressure  of  410 
volts. 

Chile. — Plans  submitted  for  the  establishment  of  an 
electric  lighting  installation  in  the  city  of  Ancud  have  been 
approved. 

Cdbhaui. — The  Epscm  R.D.C.  has  declined  the  offer  of 
the  Leatherhead  Electricity  Co.  to  install  electrically-worked  prmps 
at  the  Cobham  sewage  works. 

Colne.— Under  the  Colre  Corporation  Bill  of  ];)18, 
powers  are  being  sought  to  extend  the  area  of  supply  of  electricity, 
so  as  to  include  the  districts  of  Trawden  and  Foulridge. 

Continental  Xotes.— Atstrfa.- Plans  are  being  pre- 
pared for  the  establishment  at  Faal  a.  d.  Drau.  Styria,  of  what  is 
expected  to  be  the  largest  electricity  generating  station  in  Austria 
and  Hungary.  The  Steiermarkische  Electricitfits  Gesellschaft  is 
interested  in  the  new  undertaking. 

France. — A  company  has  lately  been  formed  at  Roisel  (Scmme) 
with  a  capital  of  £8,000,  and  the  title  La  Societe  Co-operative 
d'Electricitc  du  Secteur  de  Roisel,  "to  facilitate  the  agricultural 
industry  by  the  supply  of  electrical  energy  for  all  purposes.  " 

Italy.— LTnder  the  auspices  of  the  Socitta  A. E.G.  Thomson- 
Houston,  of  Milan,  and  a  number  of  backs,  a  cempany  has  just 
been  formed  in  Biustelswith  a  capital  of  £60,000,  to  acquire  an 
interest  in  electric  tramway,  light  railway  and  electricity  supply 
undertakings  in  Italy. 

The  new  water-power  gererating  station  on  the  River  Lima, 
belonging  to  the  Societa  Ligure-Toscane  d'Elettricita  has  recently 
been  completed,  two  ;i.2Cii  H.i-.  sets  of  turbines  and  dynamos  being 
now  in  t peration  and  connected  up  to  the  ccmpany's  distributing 
plants  at  Lucques,  Leghorn.  Pisa,  Viareggio  and  Pesoia.  A  new 
1,000-H.r.  Diesel  engine  has  also  been  installed  at  the  station  at 
Lucques  and  a  new  2,0C0-kw.  turbine  and  generator  are  being  in- 
stalled at  the  Leghorn  plant.  In  addition,  plans  have  been 
completed  for  a  new  generating  station  at  Le  Serchio. 


16 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.  73.  No.  1,832,  jandaby  3, 1913. 


Ri'SSlA. — A  company  has  lately  been  formed  at  Bjalistock  with 
a  capital  of  2,000,000  roubles  and  the  title  Die  Bjalistocker  Elec- 
tricitiits  Gesellschaft,  to  carry  on  the  central  electric  ligfting-  station 
which  has  been  established  in  the  town  by  the  Deutsche  Gesellschaft 
fur  Electrische  Unternehmungren. 

In  order  to  meet  the  increasing  demand  for  current,  it  has  been 
found  necessary  to  order  a  third  graa  engine  and  dynamo  for  the 
electrical  power  station  in  connection  with  the  works  of  the 
SociOte  Metallurfriqne  Rnsso-Belfje.  When  the  new  set  is  installed 
the  plant  will  have  a  capacity  of  ll.iiOO  ii.i". 

Darlintrton. — The  Electricity  Committee  of  the  T.C. 
has  adopted  the  recommendation  of  the  engineer  (Mr.  J.  R.  P.  Lunn) 
to  rarry  out  extensions  to  the  electricity  works,  at  an  estimated 
cost  of  £10,790,  and  also  to  apply  for  loans  of  £8,000  for  mains  and 
services,  and  £1,500  for  static  transformers,  for  thre^  years. 

Devizes. — The  T.C.  has  deferred  until  February  con- 
sideration of  an  electricity  scheme  for  the  town  submitted  by  a 
London  firm. 

E(Iinbnr<rh, — The  Inspector  of  Cleauin<,'  and  Lighting 
for  the  city,  after  remarking  on  thi>  efficiency  of  the  street  lighting', 
states  that  among  the  factors  which  have  contributed  to  the 
present  satisfactory  condition  of  affairs  may  be  said  to  be  the 
electric  lighting  of  the  tramway  routes,  the  erection  of  lamps 
on  the  islands  at  the  car  stopping  places  and  the  lighting  of  the 
garden  side  of  Princes  Street.  The  total  lighting  expenditure  was 
£U.59l. 

E]>$on). — The  R.D.C.  has  apjxjinted  a  Committee  to  con- 
sider the  application  of  the  Leatherhead  and  District  Electricity 
Co.  for  powers  to  supply  current  in  the  parishes  of  Stoke,  Cobham, 
Great  Bookham  and  Little  Bookham. 

Fareham. — The  accounts,  just  issued,  of  the  Council's 
electric  undertaking  for  the  year  ended  March  31st  last,  show  a 
revenue  of  £2,428,  and  gross  profit  of  £1,387,  with  which  to  meet 
interest  and  sinking  fund  payments  amounting  to  £1,426.  The 
deficit  of  £  39  was  made  good  from  the  reserve  fund.  Altogether 
103,99()  units  were  sold,  and  the  maximum  load  was  86  KW. 

Farnwortb, — Daring  the  last  two  months  the  electric 
lighting  of  the  main  streets  has  been  undergoing  complete  altera- 
tions. After  exhaustive  tests  and  experiments,  it  has  been  decided 
to  adopt  two  300-c.p.  Osram  drawn-wire  lamps  of  220  volts,  in  place 
of  each  of  the  Brockie-Pell  10-ampere  arc  lamps  formerly  used,  and 
to  fix  them  to  the  same  poles  by  means  of  a  two-armed  bracket 
having  a  projection  of  some  36  in.  from  the  pole,  and  fastened 
to  it  by  cast-iron  clamps.  The  lamps  are  now  arranged  at  a  height 
of  20  ft.  centre  of  the  lamp  to  ground,  and  are  provided  with  suit- 
able reflectors.  The  whole  lighting  scheme  has  been  designed  by 
Mr.  Hutchinson,  the  engineer,  and  all  the  former  feeders  have  been 
utilised. 

Glasgow. — The  T.C.  lias  agreed  to  the  proposal  of  the 
Electricity  Committee  to  give  very  large  supplies  of  power  to 
Messrs  Beardmore  ^^  Co.,  Fairfield  Shipbuilding  Co.,  Messrs.  Collins 
and  Co.,  Messrs.  Braby  &  Co.,  and  other  firms,  on  the  basis  of  a  fixed 
charge  per  kw.  per  annum,  to  cover  charges  plus  a  low-running 
cost  charge,  in  lieu  of  a  charge  per  unit.  In  connection  with  those 
and  other  applications  a  report  was  recently  presented  by  Mr.  W.  W. 
Lickie,  the  chief  engineer,  in  which  he  pointed  out  the  maximum 
demand  on  the  generating  stations  this  winter  had,  so  far,  been 
28,000  KW.  (37,000  h.p.).  This  was  the  figure  he  estimated  it 
would  be  in  his  report  of  September,  1912,  and  it  was  the  maximum 
load  the  stations  were  capable  of  meeting.  It  was,  therefore, 
absolutely  necessary  to  put  on  order  now,  generating  plant,  not  only 
for  the  winter  of  1913-U.  but  for  the  winter  of  1914-15,  as  the 
new  works  at  Dalmamock  might  not  be  available  for  the  winter  of 
1914-15.  The  plant  now  proposed  to  be  ordered  would  be  installed 
in  one  of  the  existing  generating  stations  and  removed  later  to  the 
Dalmamock  works.  They  already  had  two  units  of  4,000  kw.  each, 
ranning  at  750  R.r..M.,  but  he  recommended  the  T.C.  to  purchase 
the  largest  units  of  plant  commercially  available,  running  at  1,500 
R.P.M.,  which  would  be  found  to  be  7,500  kw.  With  a  unit  of  this  size 
they  would  get  the  lowest  price  per  kw.  of  plant,  and  the  maximum 
economy  in  steam  and  coal  consumption.  Quotations  for  two  such 
units  of  plant  should  be  got  in  at  once,  as  the  manufacturers  were 
asking  1 2  months  for  the  manufacture  and  delivery  of  such  units,  and 
the  demand  during  the  winter  of  1U13-14  would  be  at  least  31,500  KW., 
and  during  the  winter  of  1914-15  at  least  35,000  kw.  These  figures 
were  exclusive  of  the  idea  of  shutting  down  the  steam  plant  at  the 
Govan  and  I'artick  electricity  works,  and  these  works  would  con- 
tinue to  be  called  upon  to  meet  their  peak  load  with  their  own 
steam  plant.  The  report  was  approved,  and  the  engineer  instructed 
to  prepare  the  necessary  schedules  and  specifications. 

The  T.C.  has  also  approved  of  application  for  the  consent  of  the 
Secretary  for  Scotland  to  borrow  a  further  sum  of  £500,000  for 
the  execution  of  capital  works,  which  would  raise  the  sum  borrowed 
for  that  purpose  to  £2,500,000. 

A  deputation  from  the  Birmingham  Corporation  is  to  make  a 
tour  of  inspection  of  the  Corporation  electricity  works  and  the 
power  stations. 

Harrof^ate. — The  T.C.  pro^joses  to  open  a  showroom,  in 
which  to  exhibit  and  demonstrate  the  utility  of  electrical  apparatus, 
in  Swan  Roai.  The  B.  of  T.  hai  been  applied  to  for  permission 
for  the  Council  to  supply  current  to  premises  outside  the  borough 
area. 


Heme  Bay. — The  U.1>.C.  has  adopted  electric  power 
for  pumping  purposes,  and  has  entered  into  a  seven  years'  agree- 
ment with  Messrs.  A.  E.  Hunt  i:  Sons,  for  a  supply  of  energy  at 
3d.  per  unit. 

Hojland    (near    Barnslej).— The  U.D.C.  has  been 

recommended  by  the  Lighting  Committee  to  defer  for  six  months 
consideration  of  the  question  of  lighting  the  township  by 
electricity. 

Japan. — One  of  the  recommendations  of  the  Special  Com- 
mittee of  the  Industrial  Investigation  Commission,  which  is  at 
present  holding  an  inquiry  in  Tokio  as  to  the  best  means  to  be 
adopted  for  the  encouragement  of  domestic  industries,  is  that  "  the 
utilisation  of  hydraulic  electric  power  should  be  carried  to  the 
furthest  limits." 

Leeds. — There  is  a  proposal  to  extend  the  Whitehall 
Road  Electricity  Works,  and  a  committee  has  been  appointed  to 
obtain  the  advice  of  a  consulting  electrical  engineer.  Mr.  C.  X. 
Hefford  has  been  appointed  temporarily  as  engineer  of  the  electricity 
works. 

Liverpool. — A  large  extension  building  has  been  opened 
by  the  Diiihj  I'ost  and  Echo  newspaper,  in  which,  as  in  Uie  old 
building,  the  plant  is  electrically  driven.  With  a  view  to  safe- 
guarding the  production  of  the  paper,  two  Mirrlees-Dieeel  engines 
coupled  to  Crompton  generators  have  been  installed  in  the  base- 
ment, as  a  standby  to  the  Corporation  supply  which  is  normally 
used. 

London. — P()1'I..\r. — The  Electricity  Committee  reports 
having  had  under  consideration  the  subject  of  the  relationship  of 
electric  lighting  contractors  to  the  Council's  undertaking.  Con- 
tractors now  canvass  for  custom  for  wiring  and  fittings,  the  work 
being  carried  out  by  the  Council's  staff,  but  as  the  Committee  feels 
that  the  contractors  should  be  encouraged  to  assist  the  undertaking 
by  canvassing  without  the  fear  of  losing  work  in  this  way,  it  has 
decided  to  place  some  orders  with  the  contractors,  to  be  carried  out 
under  the  supervision  of  the  department,  for  a  period  of  three 
months,  provided  that  all  materials  shall  be  obtained  from  the 
department  ;  that  the  contractors  work  to  a  price  list  ;  add  for 
labour  and  profit  ;  pay  Trade  Union  rates  of  wages,  and  that  the 
acceptance  of  any  estimate  shall  be  at  the  discretion  of  the  depart- 
ment. The  question  of  .lighting  side  streets  is  also  under  considera- 
tion. With  regard  to  the  breakdown  which  occurred  recently  to  a 
500-KW.  engine  at  the  generating  station,  the  Committee  states 
that  it  was  not  unlooked  for,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  whole 
plant  has  been  working  for  the  past  two  months  excessively  over- 
loaded in  consequence  of  the  unprecedented  increase  in  the  demand. 
Islington. — The  existing  low-tension  mains  in  Tufnell  Park 
Road  are  to  be  extended,  and  provision  is  to  be  made  at  the  same 
time  for  lighting  that  thoroughfare  by  means  of  flame  arc  lamps  at 
an  estimated  total  cost  of  £1,326— £968  for  cable,  and  £357  for  13 
arc  lamps  and  columns. 

Maidstone. — The  Electricity  Works  Committee  of  the 
T.C.  has  recommended  the  installation  of  a  new  reciprocating 
engine  at  a  cost  of  £5,2C0,  and  the  extension  of  the  engine 
house,  ifcc.  at  a  cost  of  £500. 

Perthshire. — Messrs.  Nicoll  &  Co.,  Dundee,  have  com- 
pleted an  installation  of  electric  light  for  Stanley  Parish  Church, 
Perthshire. 

Portrush. — The  Coleraine  Rural  Council  has  declined  to 
give  consent  to  the  inclusion  in  an  order  which  the  Portrush  Urban 
Council  is  seeking  of  the  right,  in  the  event  of  its  boundary  being 
extended,  of  the  latter  to  supply  electric  light  to  certain  areas  on 
the  outskirts  of  the  township,  which  are  now  situated  in  the 
Coleraine  rural  district. 

Portuguese  East  Africa.— The  Portuguese  Govern- 
ment has  signed  a  contract  with  an  i  English  capitalist  group,  for 
the  supply  of  electric  current  for  lighting  and  industrial  uses  in 
Louren<;^o  Marques  and  neighbouring  districts.  The  trust  is  bound 
to  provide  from  10  to  12  million  units  per  year,  at  agreed  prices. 
The  charges  are  considered  likely  to  stimulate  the  growth  of 
local  industries  hitherto  held  back  owing  to  the  cost  of  imported 
coal. — La  Rprvf  Eh'clnqve. 

Rawtenstall. — The  Corporation  has  had  under  con- 
sideration a  statement  showing  the  present  cost  of  street  lighting, 
and  the  estimated  cost  of  same  when  the  main  roads  arc  lighted 
by  electricity,  on  the  basi.s  of  the  charges  submitted  by  a  special 
sub-Committee  of  the  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee.  It 
was  decided  that  the  borough  electrical  and  tramways  manager 
proceed  with  the  electric  lighting  of  Hacup  Road,  and  that  the 
Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee  be  requested  to  state  the 
terms  on  which  it  would  be  prepared  to  light  and  maintain  the 
eleotric  street  lamps,  provided  the  system  of  lighting  is  amended 
by  not  liu-httng  the  full  number  of  lamps  before  5.30  p.m. 

lloniford. — The   County    of    London    Electric    Supply 

Co.  has  informed  the  R.D.C.  that  it  intends  acquiring  compulsorily 
land  at  Dagenham  on  which  to  erect  a  generating  station. 

Sniethwicb. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  oppose  the 
proposed  transfer  of  the  Smethwick  E.L.  Order  from  the 
Birmingham  and  Midland  Tramway  Co.,  to  the  Shropshire, 
Worcestershire,  and  Staffordshire  Electric  Power  Co. 

South  Africa. — 'J'he  Cape  Town  Municipal  Council  has 
considered  a  report  from  its  electrical  engineer,  stating  that 
general  extensions  of  the  electric  lighting  service  in  Cape  Town 


Vol.  72.    Nu.  1,81)2,  Jani;aiiv  :),  I'Ji:).  1 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RKVIEW. 


17 


and  its  auburbH  had  become  noooHDary,  and  Hubuilttinir  a  liHt  ol' 
wires  and  oablfs  Huinoiont  for  bii  monlhu,  which  he  conniderH 
Hhotild  bo  kept  in  utoolt.  The  lint  inuluduH  'A'A  milcH  of  aerial 
braided  wire,  15  niiloitof  vulcaniHed  rubber  wire,  one  uiile  of  con- 
centric hiprh-t«'nnion  oabloand  1,100  yardnof  thrcivcorc  hi(;h-tenBion 
cable.  The  onprinucr  Btatis  that  it  will  alKO  beconio  nccCHHary  to 
inoreawe  the  «i/.o  of  the  mbstation  for  (ireen  Point  and  Sta  Point, 
and  provide  an  additional  fcider  panel  and  two  more  transformer 
pillarw.  In  ad<1ition,  Bomo  21  miles  of  various  sized  armoured 
cables  are  r'^quircl  for  underground  servicea  in  Capo  Town.  It  is 
proponed  to  invite  teruiete,.  -Jloitnl  of  'J'niili'  Joiinitii. 

Staljiirldpe. — The  Stiilybrid{;c,  lljde,  Mossley  niid 
Dukinfleld  TramwayH  and  Electricity  Hoard,  on  Monday,  decided  to 
apply  to  the  L.(!.H.  for  a  loan  of  £20,000  for  additional  )j;cneratinff 
plant,  owini;  to  the  plant  at  the  power  station  beinpf  taxed  to  its 
limit. 

TodmordeD. — The  T.C.  Ims  decided  to  advertise  for  an 
electrical  engineer  at  £1.">0  per  annum. 

Truro. — The  T.C.  has  formally  approved  of  the  electric 
liphtin^  scheme  of  Dr.  Purves,  of  Exeter.    The  capital  expenditure 

is  estimated  at  £8,000. 

li,S..4. — A  recent  Tinifs  article  quotes  tho  Census 
Bureau  statistics  for  1907,  showing  that  there  were  then  4, 714 
central  stations  in  the  States,  supplying  during  that  year  nearly 
t),000  million  units.  Estimates  as  to  the  progress  made  in  recent 
years  place  the  number  of  stations  in  1911  at  6,000,  and  the  output 
at  10,000  million  units.  The  Financier  in  a  recent  article  states 
that  the  Southern  Power  Co.  serves  an  area  containing  420  cotton 
mills,  with  an  equipment  of  6  million  spindles  and  ]2r),000  looms. 
Of  these,  current  is  supplied  to  160  mills,  with  2,373,000  spindles  and 
71,000  looms. 

Watford. — The  T'.D.C.  has  decided  to  apply  for  a  prov. 
order  to  enable  current  to  be  supplied  to  the  parishes  of  Abbots 
Langley,  Sarratt.  and  portions  of  Watford  Rural. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


.Ir^entina, — Mr.  K.  H.  Rarthland  has  applied  to  the 
Buenos  Ayres  Municipality  for  a  concession  for  a  service  of  electric 
trolley  omnibuses  between  Flores,  Belgrano,  Plaza  Constitucion  and 
•  he  Port.  —Iteview  of  the  Itiirr  Plate. 

Belfast. — On  Monday  afternoon,  cars  were  run  over  the 
new  extensions  on  the  Stranmillis  Road,  Donegall  Road,  Ligoneil 
and  Oldpark  Road,  and  everything  passed  off  satisfactorily.  The 
remaining  extensions  will  be  tested  this  week,  and  it  is  expected 
that  all  the  routes  will  be  open  to  traffic  in  about  a  fortnight. 

Itarnley. — The  managerof  the  Corporation  electrical  tram- 
ways has  reported  upon  the  working  of  a  goods  wagon  on  the  Harle- 
Syke  section  for  three  months,  and  theComraittee  has,  as  a  consequence 
of  the  nature  of  that  report,  decided  to  continue  the  experiment,  and 
extend  it  to  the  main  line  from  Padiham  through  Burnley  to 
Kelson.  The  town  clerk  has  been  instructed  to  make  application 
for  the  B.  of  T.  consent. 

The  Tramways  Sub-Committee  has  considered  the  means  of  com- 
munication to  the  Stoneyholme  and  Burnley  Wood  districts.  There 
has  been  a  suggestion  that  branch  lines  should  be  run. 

Bury. — After  considering  the  report  of  a  sub-committee 
on  the  question  of  car  accommodation,  and  particularly  the  week- 
end requirements,  the  Tramways  Committee  has  decided  to  purchase 
four  small  cars. 

Canada. — Already  running  over  50  miles  of  track,  the 
Ottawa  Electric  Railway  Co.  is  planning  an  outlay  of  $30,000  for 
an  extension  early  next  spring,  to  Ottawa  South,  an  additional  area 
taken  into  the  city.  Twenty  new  care,  of  the  pay-as-you-enter 
type,  embodying  all  the  latest  ideas  in  steel  construction,  are  being 
built  at  the  Ottawa  Car  Works,  one-half  of  which  will  be  delivered 
on  May  15th  next.  Owing  to  the  interference  of  frezil  or  needle 
ice  with  the  water  generating  system  of  the  company's  power  plant, 
a  steam  auxiliary  turbine  has  been  ordered  and  will  be  installed 
near  the  present  site,  at  the  Chaudiere,  at  an  estimated  cost  of 
$200,000. 

Cardiff. — Mr.  Arthur  Ellis,  the  Corporation  tramway 
manager,  has  reported  to  the  T.C.  as  to  the  provision  of  additional 
travelling  facilities  outside  the  city  boundaries.  He  suggests  that 
powers  should  be  obtained  for  the  running  of  petrol- electric  'buses 
or  that  railless  electric  traction  should  be  adopted,  which  could 
ultimately  be  replaced  by  ordinary  tramways  when  the  traffic 
developed. 

Chesterfield. — The  Parliamentary  agents  to  the  Coriiora- 
tion  have  deposited  for  introduction  into  Parliament  next  session  a 
Bill  to  authorise  the  Corporation  "  to  provide  and  run  vehicles  by 
means  of  railless  traction  and  for  other  purposes  "  at  an  estimated 
cost  of  £58,180.    , 

Conisboroujcb. — The  Mexborough  and  Swintou  Trackless 
Tramways  Co.  has  deposited  with  the  P.C.  plans  of  the  proposed 
tramway  system  to  Rotherham.  The  Council  has  deferred  con- 
sideration of  the  matter. 


Continental  IVoteH. — BKLraLM. — A  new  electric  tram- 
way network  ih  projected  in  the  .4uburt»t  of  BruimeU,  which  will 
be  joined  to  the  ISruHHi-lii  city  nftwork,  and  tht:  <;xl»tlni^  f^t^ain 
suburban  line  from  Ovcryi-Hcho  to  firotnendu'd  will  \>n  couverlo'l  ii> 
electric  traction,  Tho  new  network  will  have  an  «xt«-nt  of  alxiiit 
20  km.,  and  is  eBtimated  to  cost  2,r)00,o00  fr.,  which  will  U:  j'/iiitly 
Bubscribcd  by  the  State,  thn  Provin(*,  and  the  (>>mmuneH  Interifliy) 
The  HruBBclH  Tramway  (Ut.  will  permit  the  pawMKe  of  the  Huburban 
curH  as  far  an  the  boulevardH  of  HruHMcIt). 

Electric  tramway  cxten.MionH  arc  alHO  projected  on  the  outnkirtM 
of  the  city  of  Monc.  As  a  preliminary,  the  Kociit<'  .N'ationaU;  d'.-n 
Chomins  de  for  V'icinaux  have  been  requested  to  extend  their  Mouh 
to  Eramerie  line  ait  far  aH  the  centre  of  the  city,  i.e.,  b)  the  Orand 
Place.  In  the  second  jilace  the  several  existing  Bt«»am  lines  are  to 
be  electrified  succcHHively.  It  is  propoBcd,  in  addition,  to  constract 
four  new  lincB.  The  total  disbursement  contemplated  is  atjout 
1,.")00,00(I  fr.,  which  will  be  shared  by  the  State,  the  Province  and 
the  Communes  concerned. 

RtHsiA. — A  company  has  lately  been  formed  at  Anaya,  with  a 
capital  of  liOO.OOO  roubles  and  the  title.  Die  Gesellschaft  fiir  Elec- 
trischc  Trambahnen  in  Anaya  und  Umgegend,  to  coDBtruct  an 
electric  tramway  in  the  town  and  district  of  Anaya. 

Dewsbury. — The  General  I'uriioses  Committee  of  the 
Corporation  haii  had  under  consideration  a  proposal  to  extend  the 
tramways  to  Dewsbury  Moor  and  Shawcross,  at  an  estimated  cost 
of  something  like  £.")0,000.  The  Committee  came  to  the  conclusion 
that  the  Corporation's  powers  are  inadequate  to  meet  in  a 
successful  and  satisfactory  manner,  the  rtquirements  of  Shawcross 
and  Westborough,  and  the  Committee  is  to  consider  the 
advisability  of  a  physical  junction  being  formed  between  the  two 
tramways.  Negotiations  are  also  to  be  opened  with  the  Batley 
Corporation  for  an  extension  of  tramways  from  the  borough 
boundary  in  Staincliffe  Road  to  the  Butcher's  Arms. 

A  trial  trip  was  recently  made  by  the  members  and  officials  of 
the  Corporation  in  a  40-h.p.  Daimler  omnibus.  The  demonstration 
was  made  at  the  request  of  the  Daimler  Co.,  and  from  the  routes 
traversed,  it  appears  possible  that  alternatives  may  be  considered 
to  the  two  tramways  schemes,  although  the  matter  has  not  yet  been 
discussed  by  the  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee. 

Glasgow. — As  previously  indicated  in  the  Review,  the 
T.C.'s  Special  Committee  has  had  under  consideration  further 
extensions  of  the  tramways  system  ;  with  the  recent  inclusion  of 
several  suburban  burghs  and  rural  territory  into  the  municipal 
area,  the  understanding  was  that  the  preeent  routes  would  be 
lengthened  and  others  added,  and  the  Committee  now  propose  an 
extension  which,  if  approved  by  Parliament,  will  mean  the  laying 
down  of  anything  up  to  20  miles  of  double  track.  Among  the 
proposed  extensions  are  Burnside  to  Cathkin  Braes,  about  2  miles  ; 
Reddrie  to  Millerston,  1 J  miles ;  Annisland  ria  Scotstoun  Hill  to 
Dumbarton  Road,  about  2  miles  ;  Baillieston  to  Coatbridge, 
3  miles  ;  and  Clarkston  to  Busby,  3  miles.  Application — should 
the  T.C.  approve — will  be  made  to  Parliament  next  November  for 
construction  powers,  which,  if  granted,  will  permit  the  lines  being 
completed  within  five  years. 

The  Tramways  Department  still  keeps  piling  up  new  records  in. 
connection  with  passengers  carried  and  mileage  run,  since  the 
doubling- of  the  half-penny  stage,  though  the  total  receipts  are  jet 
somewhat  below  those  for  the  corresponding  period  of  the  last 
financial  year.  Since  the  beginning  of  the  financial  year  on  .June 
1st,  168,252,111  passengers  have  been  carried,  against  144,877,730, 
while  the  receipts  have  been  £549.272,  against  £556,725.  For  the 
past  week  the  takings  were  £20,016,  and  whUe  the  total  number  of 
passengers  were  not  available,  it  was  estimated  that  about  6  J 
millions  were  carried. 

Halifax. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  decided  to 
introduce  a  motor-omnibus  service  for  Siddal,  a  suburb  of  the 
borough  which  is  not  reached  by  the  tramways. 

Holmebrid^e. — The  Council  has  asked  the  Hudderslield 
Corporation  to  extend  its  tramways,  and  offered  the  same  terms  and 
conditions  as  the  Corporation  had  approved  with  reference  to  the 
extension  to  Mareden. 

Hudderstield, — It  has  been  decided,  subject  to  the 
Elland  D.C.  carrying  out  the  necessary  widenings  on  the  route 
from  the  Elland  Town  Hall  to  West  Vale,  to  continue  the  Elland 
tramway  extension  to  West  Vale  ;  and  that  the  Marsden  extension 
be  carried  out  at  the  original  cost,  viz.,  £14,500.  the  line  to  be 
double.  The  question  of  extending  the  tramways  to  Lepton  and 
Whitley  Upper  has  been  before  the  Tramways  Committee,  and  the 
matter  has  been  referred  to  the  Extension  Sub  Committee  for 
consideration  and  report. 

India. — The  Karachi  Port  Trustees  have  resolved  to 
ask  Mr.  C.  H.  Merz,  who  has  been  engaged  by  the  Bombay  Port 
trustees  to  advise  as  to  the  electrification  of  the  port  railways, 
whether  he  is  willing  to  visit  Karachi  and  report  on  the  electrifi- 
cation of  the  port  railways  there.  The  manager  of  the  North- 
western Railway  is  also  to  be  asked  if  the  railways  are  prepared  to 
share  the  cost  of  a  report  by  Mr.  Merz. 

London. —  On  ]\Ionday  morniug  a  defective  motor  led  to 
the  holding  up  of  the  Piccadilly  tube  line  for  about  half-an-hour. 
while  later  a  somewhat  similar  mishap  held  up  the  Wimbledon 
service  of  the  District  Railway  for  an  hour,  in  both  cases  causing 
great  inconvenience  to  the  numerous  travellers  at  that  hour. 

Margate. — A  modern  system  of  electric  signalling  it  to 
be  installed  at  the  Margate  West  Station  by  the  South-Eastern  and 
Chatham  Railway  Co. 


18 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.        [Vol.72.    No.  1,832,  Januarys,  1913. 


Raihvaj  I*ower  Proposals. — According  to  a  financial 
contemporary,  it  ispropoBeti  to  form  a  syndicate  of  railway  directors 
to  draw  up  a  Bill  to  empower  associated  railway  uompaniea  to  pro- 
dnce  electrical  power  on  a  larpeBcale  for  their  own  uss  and  that  of 
the  towns  and  villages  alongr  their  routes, 

Rochdale. — The  traffic  receipts  on  the  tramways  since 
the  commencement  of  the  financial  year  are  £.58, 580,  af;ainst 
£53,845  last  year,  an  increase  of  £4,600.  There  were  9,350,000 
passenirerB  carried,  an  increase  of  half-a-million  ;  the  mileage  was 
1,196,000,  an  increase  of  113,700.  Ten  new  cars  have  been 
delivered,  making  69  in  stock.  All  the  cars  are  being  fitted  with 
Bide  guards  as  an  additional  precaution  against  serious  accident, 

SonthamptOD, — Hoxing  day  will  be  remembered  at 
Southaaipton  for  a  very  high  tide  in  the  Solent,  which  invaded  the 
Corporation  electricity  works  on  the  western  shore,  and  led  to  the 
electric  tramway  service  being  suspended  for  three  hours. 

Stirling. — It  is  stated  that  for  financial  reasons  the 
Corporation  is  not  prepared  to  go  into  an  electric  tramway  scheme 
for  the  town  and  district.  The  opportunity  seems  a  good  one  for  a 
private  company,  as  the  need  for  a  more  up-to-date  system  should 
ensure  no  obstacles  being  put  in  the  way  of  such  an  enterprise. 

Swansea. — Negotiations  are  to  be  entered  into  with  the 
Swansea  Improvements  and  Tramways  Co.,  with  a  view  to  arrange- 
ments being  made  whereby  the  extension  of  the  tramways  system 
authorised  under  the  Swansea  Corporation  Act,  1912,  which 
deals  practically  with  the  connecting-up  of  all  the  existing  tram- 
ways, shall  be  carried  out  jointly  by  the  company  and  the  Cor- 
poration. The  engineer  is  of  opinion  that  by  ttdopting  this  course 
many  difficulties  will  be  overcome. 

Todraorden. — There  were  angry  recriminations  at  the 
T.C.  last  week,  over  a  proposal  to  purchase  more  motor-buses. 
Alderman  John  Dawson  declared  it  had  cost  £7.000  to  keep  'buses 
mnning,  which  originally  only  cost  £4,000.  Mr.  Rigby  Dawson 
replied  that  Todmorden  and  Eastbourne  had  lost  heavily  by  being 
the  pioneers  of  municipal  motor-'buses,  but  the  makers  had 
profited  by  their  experience.  The  Council  had  better  buy  more 
'buses  th<in  spend  money  on  powers  to  run  railless  cars,  which 
would  cost  a  28.  rate.    The  proposal  to  purchase  was  adopted. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


.lapan. — Owing  to  the  inclemency  of  the  weather  and 
other  difficulties,  it  is  announced  by  the  Japanese  Department  of 
Commnnications  that  the  work  of  repairing  the  submarine  tele- 
grapli  cable  between  Japan  and  the  United  States  has  been  sus- 
spended  until  August,  1913. 

London-Paris  Telephone. — There  was  no  communica- 
tion with  Paris  by  telephone  on  Boxing  Day  owing  to  the  gale  ; 
telegraphic  communication  with  Jersey  was  also  interrupted. 

Marconi    Wireless    Patents   in    France. — We   are 

informed  that  judgment  has  just  been  delivered  in  the  High  Courts 
of  Justice  of  France  in  the  action  for  infringement  brought  by 
Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.  against  La  Socictc  Frangaise 
Radio-Electrique,  La  Compagnie  Gonerale  Hadio-Telcgraphique,  and 
La  Soci<5ti':  des  Transports  Maritimes  a  Vapeur.  The  case  was 
beard  by  three  judges,  and  the  judgment  was  unanimous.  In  the 
result  the  Court  declares  the  validity  of  all  the  claims  of  the  Marconi 
patent  of  1900.  All  the  defendants  are  declared  to  be  infringers, 
and  an  investigation  of  their  accounts  has  been  ordered,  to  arrive 
at  the  amount  to  be  paid  as  damages  to  the  Marconi  Co.  The 
Court  further  orders  the  confiscation  of  all  infringing  apparatus 
supplied  by  the  defendant  companies,  and  a  perpetual  injunction, 
the  defendants  to  pay  the  costs.  This  judgment  is  of  the  highest 
importance,  and  will  have  far-reaching  effects,  for  the  defendant 
companies  have  supplied  all  the  wireless  installations  to  all  the 
departments  of  the  French  Government,  including  the  Post  Office, 
the  Colonies,  the  Navy,  and  the  Army,  which  embraces  the  station 
of  the  Eiffel  Tower. 

Redaced  Teleiirraph  Charjfes.— On  January  1st,  the 

following  reduction.^  in  the  charges  for  telegrams  came  into  opera- 
tion : — 

The  rate  for  deferred  telegrams  to  Canada,  Newfoundland  and  the 
f'nited  States  is  reduced  by  lid.  a  word  for  messages  sent  r'u'i  the 
Anglo-American.  Direct  United  States  and  Western  Union  Com- 
panies' cables.  In  the  case  of  day-cable  letters  (which  will  in  future 
be  known  as  ''  night-cable  letters  ")  the  rates  for  places  in  the  east 
of  Canada  and  the  United  States  are  reduced  from  Gs.  for  21  words 
to  3s.  for  13  words,  and  instead  of  being  delivered  on  the  second 
day  after  dispatch,  they  will  reach  the  addressees  on  the  day  after 
they  are  sent.  In  the  case  of  "  week-end  cable  letters,"  for  which 
the  charge  was  lis.  for  31  words,  the  new  rate  is  4s.  6d.  for  26 
words,  and  they  will  be  delivered  on  Monday  instead  of  on  Tuesday 
as  at  present.  The  rates  for  both  classes  of  telegrams  to  other 
pfaces  in  Canada  and  the  United  States  vary  according  to  distance. 

Services  of  week-end  cable  letters  are  introduced  with  Australia, 
New  Zealand,  the  South  African  Union,  Rhodesia,  and  British 
Central  Africa  (Nyasaland).  These  messages,  which  must  be  pre- 
sented for  dispatch  not  later  than  Saturday  evening,  will  be 
delivered  on  the  following  Tue.sday,  except  in  the  case  of  distant 
places,  where  delivery   may   be  som»'what    later.     The   charge   for 


week-end  cable  letters  to  Australia  and  New  /,ealand  is  ISs.  for  24 
words  and  9d.  a  word  beyond  24,  and  for  week-end  cable  letters  for 
places  in  South  and  Central  Africa,  1  fis.  for  30  words  and  2s.  6d.  for 
each  group  of  five  words  beyond  30.  These  rates  include  the  charge 
for  delivery  by  post  from  the  otKces  of  the  cable  companies  in 
Australia,  New  Zealand  and  South  Africa. 

Spain. — A  movement  is  on  foot  at  Bilbao,  the  great  ore- 
exporting  centre  of  Spain,  to  secure  the  establishment  of  a  direct 
telephone  line  between  that  town  and  Paris. 

The  Damaired  l».  &  0.  Liner. — The  Nammg,  on  her 

voyage  through  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  was  badly  damaged  by  the 
extraordinarily  violent  seas  on  Boxing  Day,  and  sent  out  the  wire- 
less call  for  help.  Mr.  H.  A.  Reynolds,  the  wireless  operator,  was 
at  work  in  the  Marconi  room  for  40  or  50  hours  on  end.  He  stated 
that  all  through  the  gale  the  apparatus  worked  steadily,  and  there 
was  little  interference  with  messages.  The  "  S.O.S."  signal  was 
responded  to  freely,  and  communication  was  established  with  a 
considerable  number  of  vessels.  None  of  them  came  nearer  than 
about  60  miles,  for  the  vessel  was  got  under  control  and  cancelled 
the  call,  returning  to  port  under  her  own  steam. 

The  narconi  Agreement. —On   ■\Ionday  Mr.  V.  Hall 

asked  the  Postmaster-General  whether  be  would  say  what  was  the 
extent  of  the  punishment  inflicted  on  Mr.  J.  E.  Taylor,  staff 
engineer  at  the  Post  Office,  owing  to  his  purchase  of  Marconi 
shares  ;  and  were  any  other  civil  servants  similarly  punished  for 
dealing  in  these  shares  .' — Capt.  Norton  replied  that  Mr.  Taylor  had 
been  reduced  from  the  rank  of  staff  engineer  to  that  of  assistant 
superintending  engineer,  the  respective  scales  being  £520  by  £20 
to  £700,  and  £420  by  £20  to  £500.  His  actual  salary  was  reduced 
from  £.")40  to  £500.  No  other  officer  of  the  department,  so  far  as 
the  Postmaster-General  was  aware,  had  dealt  in  the  shares. 

Trans-Atlantic  Wireless. — For  the  first  time  the  tims 

signals  emitted  from  the  Eiffel  Tower  station  were  received  in  the 
early  morning  on  Tuesday  by  the  United  States  Government  station 
at  Washington,  at  a  distance  of  4,000  miles. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN 


Atherton. — January  2'.)th.  One  e.u.t.  switchboard  and 
one  H.T.  switchboard  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "Official  Notices" 
December  27th. 

Australia. — Victoria. — January  10th.  14,500  metal- 
filament  lamps,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.  See  ''Official 
Notices  "  December  27th. 

January  28th. — Paper-insulated  lead-covered  cable  for  the  P.M.G.'s 
department.     See  "Official  Notices"  December  20th. 

February  2l8t.  —  Four  1,500-KW.  rotary  converters,  for  the 
Melbourne  City  Council.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  December  6th. 

February  4th.  Thirty-six  Morse  keys,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Depart- 
ment.    See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

January  24th. — Portable  ammeters,  voltmeters,  transformers,  &c. 
for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.     See  ''Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Westekn  Australia.  —  February  19th.  Armoured  telegraph 
cable,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  department.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Queensland. — January  29th.  Detectors  (Schedule  242),  for  the 
P.M.G.'s  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices"  December  20th. 

Relg;iuni. — February  28th.  The  municipal  authorities 
of  Lierre  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  concession  for  the  establish- 
ment of  a  central  station  for  the  supply  of  electrical  energy  for 
lighting  and  power  purposes  in  the  town.  Full  particulars  of  the 
concession  can  be  obtained  for  five  francs  from  Le  Secretariat  de  la 
Ville,  Lierre. 

Birmingham. — January  27th.     Stores  for  a  year  for  the 

Corporation  Tramways  Department.  Mr.  A.  Baker,  manager, 
Congreve  Street. 

Bispham-with-Xorbreck. — January  18tb.  One  oil  or 
gas  engine  direct  coupled  to  a  100-KW.  dynamo,  for  the  U.D.C.  See 
'  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Chile. — September  10th.  An  advertisement  appeared  in 
the  Timrs  on  Wednesday  stating  that  tenders  are  invited  for  the 
establishment  of  an  electric  central  station  and  the  distribution 
of  electrical  energy  at  the  port  of  Valparaiso.  The  basis  and  specifi- 
cations of  the  works  can  be  obtained  at  the  offices  of  the  Chilean 
Legation.  48,  Grosvenor  Square,  W. 

Eastbourne. — January  14th.  One  1,000-kw.  horizontal 
steam  turbine  and  alternator,  without  condensing  plant,  for  the 
Corporation.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  December  20th. 

France.  —  Com  pi  ki  ink.  —  January    20th.      Tenders   are 

invited  for  the  supply  of  the  following  plant  :—70-H.r.  effective 
hydraulic  turbine,  sets  of  electric  motors,  high  and  low-pressuro 
centrifugal  pumps,  three  75-h.p.  oil  engines  and  480-volt  con- 
tinuous-current dynamos,  and  the  mechanical  and  electric  trans- 
missions needed  for  the  working  of  the  whole  plant.  Particulars 
of  the  Maire  of  Compifegne. 

{Continued  on  page  23.) 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,8:i2,  .lANiiAUY  :i,  l«l:t. ) 


TFTF.    VAjVWTRlCXh    REVIKW. 


10 


BRIDGING    AUSTRALIA    BY    WIRELESS. 


U\    UK.   AIW'UIOl)  UR.\I)KNVVH'Z. 


SiioKTi.v  after  tlio  completion  of  tlie  lar^juTelefunkcn  station 
at   I'ennant   Hills,  near  Sydney,   another  povverfnl   wireless 


9 

K^H^I 

aiikiaiiiwrt.-.- 

qS 

G  KNKUA  riN(i  Pla.nt. 

station   ordered    by    the  Coinmonvvealth   of   Australia   was 
installed  at  Froniantle,  and  has  now  opened  cominunication 
with  Sydney  across  Australia,  over  a  dis- 
tance of  about  2,500  miles. 

The  new  station  is  situated  on  a  hill 
between  Fremantle  and  Pertli,  on  the 
southern  bank  of  the  Swan  River.  The 
hill,  13G  ft.  in  lieight,  is  one  of  the 
highest  in  the  neighbourhood,  and  is 
covered  with  woods,  like  the  surround- 
ing country.  The  station  covers  an 
area  of  600  square  metres,  and  is  situated 
4^  miles  from  the  sea. 

While  mainly  intended  for  purposes 
of  defence,  the  new  station  is  controlled 
in  time  of  peace  by  the  Postal  Depart- 
ment, and  is  used  almost  exclusively 
for  commercial  telegraphic  service  with 
merchant  ships  and  for  the  meteorological 
intelligence  service.  Since  Fremantle 
is  an  important  harbour,  being  the  first 
point  of  connection  for  traffic  rid 
Colombo  and  Cape  Town,  the  station 
is  likely  to  render  vakmble  services  to 
navigation. 

The  centre  of  the  area  covered  by  the 
station  is  the  highest  point,  and  the 
tower  there  installed  ser\  es  to  carry  the 
antenna'.  This  iron  tower,  120  metres 
in  height,  is  designed  on  the  well-known 
Telefunken  system,  standing  on  a   ball 


liraiiiij,',  iii.^iiliitcd  lioiii  I  lie  (/rciind  la  ini.iii.'-,  i.l  t,'laKH  inKii- 
lators,  and  is  kept  in  i'r|uilihrium  l>y  thrw;  [(uirs  of  calflon 
iiiodicd  to  concrete  blo(;ki-,  1.10  tons  in  weight.  OIurh  jilatc** 
are  UKcd  as  infuialors,  and  the  aiiUiina  sysLem,  iiiHulattd 
from  the  tower,  is  arranged  in  umlmlla  fswhion  and  <X)U\- 
prises  phosj)hor-l)r()nze  wires  '.',  mm.  in  diameter,  joined  up  in 
three  sets. 

The  leads  enter  the  tower  at  10  ni.  apart,  |(arallel  to  one 
another.  Each  of  the  three  sets  is  arranged  Ix-twecn  two 
j)airs  of  tower  cables,  tlius  allowing  the  wires  to  Ijc  readily 
kept  clear  of  these  cables  with  a  minimum  elastic  stress 
ill  the  wires. 

Since  the  sandy  soil  is  extremely  dry  in  summer  Cthere  is 
absolutely  no  rain  during  the  six  or  seven  summer  months), 
while  the  underground  water  is  at  a  dejith  of  12  m.,  much  difJi- 
ciilty  wase.\i)orienced  in  establisliing  a  satisfactory  cartli  con- 
necticjn.  An  insulated  counterpoise  was  therefore  u^ed, 
consisting  of  about  100  wires,  :^)00  m.  in  length  f phosphor- 
bronze  of  2  mm.  diameter),  whicli  radiate  from  the  tower  at 
'.I  m.  height,  being  insulated  by  means  of  four  insulators 
arranged  in  series. 

The  wires  are  supported  by  three  bronze  wire  circles 
suspended  from  telegraph  poles,  at  100,  200  and  300  m. 
respectively  from  the  tower.     The  first  circle  comprises   1  2. 


Receivinc;  Apparatus. 


High-Pressvbk  Room  :    Sending  Apparatus 


and  each  of  the  others  24  telegraph 
poles  ;  the  first  is  7-2  m.,  the  second 
5-4  m.  and  the  third  3'(!  m.  in  height, 
so  that  the  counterpoise  gradually 
approaches  the  ground,  which  assists  in 
endowing  the  vibratory  circuit  formed 
by  the  antenna  and  counterpoise  with 
a  more  open  shape,  thus  ensuring  a 
more  satisfactory  radiation  and  a  more 
outward  refiection  of  the  wave  from  the 
counterpoise. 

In  IG  wires  of  the  counterpoise, 
the  first  100  m.  have  been  left  out, 
and  the  free  space  thus  obtained 
contains  the  buildings  and  the  wires 
connecting  the  antenna  with  the  appa- 
ratus house.  In  addition  to  the  large 
umbrella  antenna  (^X  =  1,400  m.  ; 
('  =  4,450  cm.),  which  serves  for 
the  sending  and  receiving  of  waves 
upwards  of  1,000  m.  in  length,  two 
T-antenmv  for  waves  of  GOO  to  000  m. 
and  a  T-antenna  for  waves  of  900 
to  1,GOO  m.  have  been  provided.  The 
T-antenuiV  are  arranged  opposite  one 
another,  thus  eliminating  any  screen- 
ing  effect    of  the    tower   and    allowins 


20 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi.72.   no.  i,8H2,  januakv  3,  i9is. 


the  antenna  sitiiiLed  in  the  most  favourable  direction  witli 
regard  to  the  corresponding  station  to  be  used.  One  end  of 
these  antennii'  is  fixed  to,  but  insulated  from,  the  tower, 
the  other  being  attached  to  a  steel  wire  subdivided  by  insu- 
lators and  stretched  out  from  the  tower.  The  points  of 
suspension  are  situated  at  a  height  of  GO  m.,  the  horizontal 
part  being  2  x  L'.j  m.  in  length,  'i'lie  constants  of  the  two- 
wire  antenna'  for  waves  of  (100  to  !)0(t  m.  are  :  \  =  .")70  ni  : 
C  ^  1,000  cm.,  and  those  of  the  four-wire  antenna'  for 
i)00  to  l,(iOO  m.  :  \  =  7.")0  m. ;  c  =  1,C00  cm. 


view  of  the  high-pressure  apparatus  and  antenna  ammeter. 
On  the  left  hand  is  arranged  the  receiver,  and  on  the  right 
the  key  actuating  the  sender  relay  and  the  pressure  regulator 
of  the  higli-freiiuency  machine.  To  the  right  on  the 
front  wall  is  situated  the  remote  controlling  gear  of  the 
variometer,  and  the   sound  tester  and  emergency   receiving 


VViRKi.Ess  Station,  and  Base  of  Telefinken  Toweu. 


Electrical  Capstan,  ss.  "  Kauvetti:.' 


The  station  has  its  own  generating  plant,  which  is  in- 
stiiUed  in  a  special  room  25  m.  from  the  reception  building, 
so  that  the  noise  of  the  machinery  and  driving  Ijelts 
does  not  interfere  with  the  receiving  of  telegrams. 

The  power  plant  includes  an  alternator  of  (10  k.v.a., 
at  500  volts  and  500  cycles,  driven  by  a  four- 
cylinder  (iardner  oil 
engine  of  75  nv. 
The  engine  runs  at  a 
speed  of  500  if. cm., 
and  the  alternator  at 
1,500  R.i'.M.  Leather 
belts  are  used  for 
power  transmission, 
the  distance  between 
centres  being  Hm;  m. 
The  engine  cun  be  fed 
with  kerosene  or  gaso- 
line, and  compressed 
air  is  used  for  start- 
ing. Three  water 
tanks  are  provided  for 
cooling  the  cylinder. 
A  continuous  -  current 
dynamo  of  :^  kw.,  aho 
driven  from  the  oil 
engine,  serves  to 
e.xcite  the  alternator 
and  to  actuate  the 
relays. 

The  wireless  appa- 
ratus is  installed  in 
two  rooms  in  a  special 
building.  One  of 
these  rooms  contains 
the    receiving     tal)le 

and  switcliboard,  the  Morse  keys  and  switches  actuating 
the  high-pressure  senders  in  the  other  room  being  in- 
■stalled  on  and  beside  the  table. 

The  operator  is  able  to  control  from  his  table  the  whole 
of  the  apparatus,  while  getting  through  a   window  a  good 


coils  are  suspended  from  the  side  wall.  Other  apparatus 
installed  on  the  table  are  the  call  bell,  the  wave  meter  for 
testing  the  received  signals  and  a  contact  button  for 
actuating  a  signal  bell  in  the  power  house.  The  receiver 
is  e(]uipped  with  an  intermediary  circuit  and  three  parallel 
antenna  condensers  filled  with  oil. 


Main  Switchboaud,  ss.  "Fauvette"  (seepage  20- 


'i'lic  sending  apparatus  comprises  an  .\.E.(1.  high-pressure 
oil  transformer  for  a  ratio  of  1  :  120,  a  condenser  battery  of 
3(1  Leyden  jars  connected  up  in  series  in  six  sets,  six  spark 
gaps  consisting  of  10  sections,  and  a  primary  variometer. 
Two   primary   inductance  coils  are   used   to  determine  the 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,8:;2,  Januakv  .t,  l!)i:t. 


TIM';   I'lLi'icriMCAL   Ki-;vii:\v. 


21 


rcHomiLiii^'  position  Ih'Lwccii  lIic  iilU'iiiulcir  and  ihc  lii;.^li- 
pressiin!  tniiisforrncf,  two  sccoiidury  iiidiicliiricc  cnils  pro- 
tecLin<,'  t.lic  tniiiHroniier  iij^iiiiiHb  liif^li-fr(;(|iiency  ciirnnits. 
Variiiblf  Hat  oopiicr  couplinf^  coils  arc  usccl  to  i-oriiiect  the 
closed  viln'atory  circuit  witli  the  aiitoiiiia  circniil.  A  hot-wiie 
iiininctcr  in  the  antenna  circnit,  which  can  tic  observed  from 
the  ojiorator's  seat, 
indicates  the  cui- 
rcnt  intensity  in 
the  antenna. 

'I'lie  capacity  of  the 
condenser  battery 
is  11,0(H)  cm.  ;  in 
the  case  of  long- 
wave operation 
two  sets  of  jars 
arc  cut  out,  thus 
increasing  the 
capacity  to  10,500 
cm.  A  fan  for 
cooling  the  plates 
has  been  provided 
for  each  two  sets  of 
spark  gaps. 

As  the  high- 
pressure  switch 
of  the  receiver 
and  that  of  the 
high-pressure  com- 
partment are  so 
arranged  as  to  be 
handled  simul- 
taneously  with  the 
left  and  right 
hands  respectively, 
only  a  second  is 
recjuired  for  switch- 
ing over  from  "  sending "  to  "  receiving,"  and  inversely. 
The  switch  at  the  same  time  actuates  the  spark-gap 
fans  and  the  sender  relay. 

The  new   Fremantle  station  has  been  in  operation  since 


ELECTRICAL  DECK  MACHINERY  ON  THE 
3S.   FAUVETTE. 


.\.\  inUircHting  addition  has  recently  lK;en   inadi-   to  ibe  fleet 
of    the   (Jeneral    Steam     .Navigation  Co.   bv  the  arrival    in 


June  last,  and  will  shortly  be  taken  over  by  the  Government. 
In  addition  to  communication  with  Sydney  and  with  passing 
vessels,  a  regular  Press  service  is  carried  on  twice  a  day. 


Genkratisc;  Plants  Fon  Electbic  Lighting,  Installed  on  the  ss.  "Fauvette.' 


London  of  the  steamer  Fduvette,  which  has  been  built  by 
Sir  Raylton  Dixon  &  Co.,  litd,,  to  the  order  of  the  owners 
for  their  passenger  and  goods  service  between  London  and 
Bordeaux.     The  vessel  is  interesting,  as  it  is  probably  the 

first  vessel  of  the  kind 
built  in  this  country 
to  the  order  of  English 
owners  in  which  the 
greater  part  of  the 
auxiliary  machinery  is 
electrically  driven. 

This  machinery  has 
been  supplied  by 
Messrs.  Clarke,  Chap- 
man &  Co.,  Ltd..  and 
consists  of  one  wind- 
lass, two  winches,  six 
cranes  and  two  warp- 
ing capstans,  with  the 
necessary  steam  gene- 
rating plants,  switch- 
board and  wiring. 

The  windlass  is 
arranged  to  work  I'-in. 
diameter  cables,  the 
winches  lift  3  and 
5  tons  respectively, 
the  cranes  1|  or 
;?  tons  each,  and  the 
capstans  exert  a  pull 
of  3  tons  on  the  rope 
when  warping  the 
vessel. 

The     machinery 
has    been    specially 
designed    for     the 
rapid    and   quiet   dis- 
charge   of     cargo, 
and,  being  electrically 
driven,  will  be   of 
greater  overall   efficiency   than    steam   ei|uipment.    as  the 
power  is  concentrated  in  one  largo  unit  in  which-  steam  is 
used  expansively,  and  the  losses  in  the  distribution  of  the 


Electric  Cranes  on  the  After  Deck.  ss.  "Fauvette." 


22 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     :voi.  72.  no.  i,8S2,  jakuauys,  i9i:v 


Thbee-Tos  Winch.  Showixc;  Motor,  Controllek,  &c. 


power  are  smaller  than  in  the 
case  of  steam-driven  machinery. 

All  the  power  cables  are  led  under 
the  deck,  which  makes  a  very  neat 
and  desirable  arrangement  for  a 
passenger  vessel,  as  leaking  steam 
pipes  along  decks  or  frozen  pipes 
in  cold  weather  are  obviated.  The 
various  machines  will  also  be  ready 
for  starting  up  immediately  steam 
is  available  at  the  generating  plants, 
no  warming  up  being  required,  as 
in  the  Ciise  of  steam-driven  aux- 
iliaries. 

The  windlass  is  of  the  maker's 
direct-grip  type,  in  which  the  whole 
of  the  power  of  the  motor  is  trans- 
mitted to  the  cable-holders,  arrange- 
ments being  made,  however,  to 
prevent  damage  in  the  event  of  the 
anchors  being  drawn  too  quickly 
into  the  hawse  pipes.  Hand  gear 
is  also  fitted  to  the  windlass. 

The  winches  are  of  the  worm 
and  spur-geared  pattern,  with  two 
lifting  speeds,  the  second  set  of 
gearing  lifting  half  the  normal 
load    at   twice  the    normal  speed ; 


a  clear  lead  of  rope  is 
obtained  either  forward 
or  aft  from  the  lifting 
barrel. 

In  the  cranes  the  load  is 
both  lifted  and  slewed  by 
)iower,  separate  motors 
i)eing  fitted  for  these  pur- 
poses. 

The  control  of  the  cranes 
is  very  simple,  and  the 
operating  jjlatform  is  raised 
so  as  to  give  the  driver  an 
uninterrupted  view  of  the 
load. 

The  capstans  are  of  the 
"above  deck"  type,  having 
the  motor  and  all  gearing 
accommodated  inside  the 
capstan  barrel  which  is  of 
larger  diameter  than  usual, 
and  consequently  increases 
the  life  of  the  ropes  used ; 
two  speeds  of  hauling  are 
obtained  with  the  two 
diameters  of  the  barrel. 


Electrically-Dbi\  EN  Five-Ton  Winch. 


Motok-Dbiven  Windlass. 


Two  generating  sets 
are  installed,  consisting 
of  enclosed  compound 
engines  fitted  with 
forced  lubrication  to  all 
bearings,  each  plant 
being  capable  of  giving 
an  output  of  100  kw., 
which  output  will  meet 
the  normal  require- 
ments when  loading  or 
discharging.  The 
second  generating  set, 
therefore,  acts  as  stand- 
by, and  can  be  brought 
into  use  when  deaUng 
with  heavy  cargoes  at 
high  speed. 

The  switchboard  is 
of  the  change  -  over 
type,  having  separate 
panels  for  the  various 
machine  circuits  and 
arranged  to  couple  the 
latter  to  either  of  the 
generating  sets. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,h:v.>,  .rAN.-Auva,  ii.in.i       TIIR    ELECTRICAL    KEVIETV. 


28 


A  complete  syHtcin  of  (iircuit-bicakeiH  is  uIho  lilted  to 
prcvfiit  (lamaj,'(!  in  th(!  event  of  cxaKHivo  overlonclH. 

Tlic  resistances  for  tlie  \arioiis  nmcliiius  are  of  tlio  elec- 
trical contractors'  patent  "Cracker"  type,  wliidi  arc  r|uito 
unalTectcd  i)y  vibration  and  arc  |)rnctically  indestructible  ; 
these  arc  made  of  an  incorrodible  metal  in  continuous  strips, 
and  mounted  centrally  so  that  each  turn  is  free  to  ex])and  or 
contract. 

They  are,  therefore,  eminently  suitable  for  their  duty,  and 
the  old  tronlilc  of  rephicinj^  damaged  units  in  a  built-up 
resistance  is  entirely  overcome. 

At  the  trials  all  the  machinery  worked  most  satisfacstorily, 
the  machines  liftiiifj;  their  test  loads  with  case  and  showiiif^ 
tliat  they  possess  an  ample  marj^in  of  power.  Simplicity  of 
control  was  a  noticeable  feature,  and  the  quiet  working:;  of 
tlie  machines  was  favourably  connnented  upon  by  the  experts 
present,  this  beinj^  considered  a  most  desirable  feature  as  it 
would  fjreatly  decrease  discomfort  caused  whilst  ioadinff  or 
dischar<^ing.  As  cargo  will  be  dealt  with  regularly  at 
intervals  of  a  few  days,  the  installation  will  doubtless  be  a 
success  from  a  financial  as  well  as  from  an  engineering  stand- 
point, all  the  parts  being  carefully  designed  to  withstand  the 
heavy  usage  to  which  deck  machinery  is  subjected.  The 
vessel  is  cflicicntly  lighted  by  electricity,  this  installation 
being  supplied  by  tlie  same  contractors,  but  arranged  quite 
separate  from  the  power  installation. 

Energy  in  this  case  is  provided  by  two  generating  sets 
either  of  which  is  capable  of  dealing  with  the  normal  load, 
the  engines  being  of  the  enclosed  type  with  forced  lubrication 
to  all  bearings  :  separate  ligliting  panels  are  arranged  on  the 
switchboard,  these  also  being  of  the  change-over  type. 

The  wiring  was  carried  out  on  the  double-wire  distribu- 
tion-box system,  the  installation  being  divided  into  about  12 
lighting  circuits  and  six  power  circuits  for  the  deck 
machinery. 

The  total  number  of  lights  is  about  350,  each  cabin  being 
fitted  with  two-way  switches  at  the  door  and  the  bedside  and 
plugs  for  a  portable  light  and  ventilating  fan. 

The  saloon,  smoke-room  and  writing  room  are  also 
adequately  lighted  and  electrically  ventilated,  the  fittings 
being  of  silver-plated  white  metal  to  a  design  which 
harmonises  with  the  general  Echeme  of  decoration  in  each 
case. 

A  wifeless  telegraph  installation  has  been  fitted,  and  an 
electrical  ship's  log  with  speed  indicator  on  bridge.  The 
signal  lights  are  all  controlled  from  the  chart  rocm  where  a 
patent  signal  light  indicator  is  fitted. 

The  cables  throughout  the  accommodation  are  lead-covered, 
the  power  cables  and  other  wiring  throughout  the  vessel 
being  of  the  armoured  type. 

!n  conclusion,  we  are  indebted  to  Messrs.  Clarke,  Chapman 
for  this  short  description  of  an  interesting  installation,  and 
we  would  add  a  word  of  praise  for  the  owners,  who  are 
among  the  very  few  who  have  shown  practical  appreciation 
of  the  undoubted  advantages  of  electrical  deck  machinery. 
Several  of  the  new  oil  engined  vessels  have,  and  are,  adopting 
this  method  of  driving  auxiliary  machinery,  and  its  economy 
and  efficiency  cannot  be  disputed  now. 


CONTRACTS    OPEN. 


(Contimted  from  page  18.) 

Cuba. — January  27th.  "  Direccion  General  de  Comuni- 
caciones,"  Havana.  Establishment  and  working  of  a  telephone 
system  within  a  radius  of  61  miles  of  Real  Campins.  Tormino 
Municipal  de  Cienfuegros,  Province  of  Santa  Clara. — Board  af  Trade 
Jviirniil, 

Glasgow. — January  21st.  Two  6,000-KW.  turbo-alter- 
nators, with  condensing'  plant  and  accessories,  and  water-tube 
boilers,  for  the  Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Harwich. — January  13th.  Four  motor-driven  centri- 
fuffal  pumpp,  two  motor-driven  sewage  rakes  and  screens,  with 
switehgear,  and  about  400  yd.  of  15-in.  cast-iron  rising  main,  for 
the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices"'  December  20th. 

Italy. — The  municipal  authorities  of  Rome  are  about  to 
invite  tenders  for  the  supply  of  the  material  required  for  the  new 
electric  tramway  between  the  Piazza  Independenza  and  the  Porta 
Traionfale  ;  the  contract  includes  600  tons  of  tramway  rails, 
Mannesmann  poles,  the  overhead  conductors,  trailing  cars,  &c. 


l.oinloil.-  I'l  i,nA.M. — January  !ith.  Steam  dynamo, 
Bwitchbonrd  and  coiinRctionH  for  the  Workhouiie,  Fulhsm  Palace 
Road,  \V.,  for  the  (iuanlianH.     Kc«  "  OITlciii)  Noticed"  Di>ccn)l)<'r  titb. 

Ihj.inoton  -  January  2Uth.  Electrical  and  rntflneer'a  btorea  for 
the  year,  for  the  H.C.     See  "  Official  .NoticeH"  to-day. 

Xew  Zealand.  -January  :50t,h.  Two  vertical  I>icse! 
cngincH  of  ir)0  is  it  I".,  each  cou|ilir(l  to  nhurit  wound  dynamos  of 
100  KW.,  switchboard,  crane,  overhead  inainH  and  Htroct  liirhtirii; 
equipment,  >^:c.,  for  electric  liifhtin;;  at  TharneH.  Board  of  Trade 
Commercial  Intelligence  Department,  London. 

January  6th.  Switchboards,  for  the  Auckland  Uarbonr  Board. 
Bee  "Official  Notices"  November  15th. 

IN'ottinKbam, — January  Ith.  The  < 'orjKiration  Tram- 
ways Deportment  in  inviting  l<-nderB  for  the  supply  of  («)  :)50  ton*, 
steel  tramway  rails  Hh  HI,  ICO  tens,  steel  tramway  rails  Bg  Bt 
(Sandbeig),  and  (A)  .")  tons,  mild  steel  tie  bars.  Specifications  and 
forms  of  tender  (£1  Is.  each  returnable)  from  Mr.  A.  Brown, 
engineer,  Guildhall,  Nottingham. 

Plymouth. — January  2:5rd.  Stores,  for  a  year,  for  the 
Corporation  Electricity  and  Street  Lighting  Departments.  See 
"  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Rottingdean. — January  7th.  fn.stallation  of  electrical 
fire  alarms  and  private  telephonic  service,  Warren  Farm  Schools, 
for  Brighton  B.  of  G.  Mr.  P.  Coote,  engineer.  Central  ('hamberi. 
North  Street  Quadrant,  Brighton. 

Sheflield. — January  23rd.  General  stores  for  the  City 
Tramways  Department.     See  ''  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Southey. — January  l«tli.  The  Fellwell  New  Fen  Com- 
missioners are  inviting  tenders  for  the  supply,  delivery  and  erection 
at  Southey,  Norfolk,  of  two  centrifugal  pumps  having  a  capacity  of 
100  tons  per  minute,  direct-coupled  to  two  steam  turbines.  Specifi- 
cation and  forms  of  tender  (£:<  Ss.,  not  returnable)  from  the  con- 
sulting engineer,  Mr.  E.  G.  Crocker,  Ely,  Cambs. 

Spain.  —  The  municipal  autho^ties  of  Torrecampo 
(province  of  Cordoba)  have  just  invited  tenders  for  the  concession 
for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period  of  ten  years. 

Sweden. — January  ><th.  Fifty-ton  electrically  -  driven 
trestle  crane,  for  Alfkarleby  power  station.  Time  extended  to 
January  8th. — Board  of  Trade  Journal. 

llrugnay. — March  29th.  Five  electric  gantry  cranes 
for  Customs  warehouses  at  Monte  Video.  B.  of  T.  C.I.  Depart- 
ment in  London. 


CLOSED. 


Aldershot. — The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Wm.  Cory  &  Sons,  for  600  tons  of  coal,  for  the  electricity 
works,  at  17s.  per  ton. 

Bedford.  —  The  Borough  Education  Committee  has 
accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  W.  S.  Wilton  &  Co.,  of  Bedford,  for 
electrical  work  for  the  ensuing  six  months. 

Belg'inm. — The  Belgian  military  authorities  are  equip- 
ping all  the  forts  and  redoubts  in  the  Antwerp  district  with  electric 
lighting  and  power  plants.  In  connection  with  the  same,  the 
authorities  of  the  State  Gun  Works  in  Liege,  opened  the  tenders  for 
the  supply  of  46  dynamos,  when  it  was  found  that  the  lowest  offer 
was  that  of  the  Compagnie  Internationale  d'Electiicite,  of  Liege. 

Brussels. — The  results  of  the  adjudication  on  the  tenders 
returnable  November  20th,  for  switchboards  are  as  follows  : — The 
Antwerp  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Works,  Antwerp,  1,882  fr. ;  the 
Bell  Telephone  Manufacturing  Co.,  Antwerp,  2,173'30  f r.  :  O.  von 
Millmann,  Brussels,  2,458"75  fr.  ;  C.  Richf  z,  Brussels,  2,4911  fr. 

The  results  of  the  adjudication  on  the  tenders  returnable 
November  15th,  for  the  installation  of  bells,  telephones  and  electric 
clocks  at  the  Ecole  Normale  d'lnetitutrias  are  ss  follows  :— Societe 
Force  et  Eclairage  a  St.  Gilles,  :{,I06T>0  fr.  ;  C.  Richez.  Brussels, 
:!  327  65  f r.  :  Biske  Livron  et  Kalinowski,  Liege,  :?.4S6'90  f r. ; 
Telephonic  Privee,  Liege,  4,148'25  fr.  ;  Soc.  Beige  Siemens  and 
Halske,  Brussels,  4,20'.v:^0  fr. 

Bexhill-on-Sea. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Stephenson,  Clarke  i:  Co.,  for  150  tons  of  coal  for  the 
electricity  works,  at  193.  7d.  per  ton. 

Bridlington. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Stuart  \'  Moore,  of  Ealing,  W..  for  an  installation  of  electric 
fire  alarms  on  the  hire-purchase  system,  £14  2s.  6d.  to  be  paid  each 
half-year  for  seven  years. 

Bristol, — The  Council  has  accepted  the  tenders  of  the 
British  Westinghouse  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  Messrs.  Bruce  Peebles  \  Co.. 
Ltd.,  at  £903  and  £2,187,  for  extra-hisrh-tension  and  low-tension 
switehgear  and  one  three-phase  to  direct  -  current  converter 
respectively. 


24 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.72.  No.  1,832,  januaey  a,  1913. 


Dnndee. — The  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  last 
week  had  under  consideration  the  (jupstion  of  the  machinery  con- 
tracts for  the  fxtengionB  at  -the  Stanvergate  station.  A  Sub- 
committee was  piven  powers  to  settle  the  matter. 

Glasgow. — The  T.C.,  at  its  last  meeting,  on  a  report 
by  the  elei-trical  enerinecr,  decided  that  the  contract  with  the 
British  NVestinphouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing:  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the 
Bupply  of  rotary  converters,  be  extended  so  as  to  include  two  addi- 
tional rotary  converters,  with  the  necessary  high  and  low-tension 
switchpear. 

The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  foUowintr  offers  for  the  Tramways 
Department  works  : — 

Fpeci»l  Uuokwork.- Titan  Ti-ackwork  Co.,  Ltd. 

Rawhidi'  pinions.— Reid  Gear  Co. 

Traction   lamps.— Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  WorkB,  Ltd. ;  General  Electric 

Co.,  Ltd. 
Double  lotioncovcred  wire.— London  Klectric  Wire  Co.,  Ltd. 
Coprcr  and  bionze  strip.— P.  &  W.  MacLellan,  Ltd. 

Greenock. — The  Corporation  has  accepted  the  ofifer  of 
the  Westing  house  Co.  for  5,000-k\v.  plant,  subject  to  the  latter  pro- 
viding a  condenser  of  7,G50  sq.  ft.  area.  The  new  machinery  will 
involve  an  expenditure  of  over  jE  12,000. 

Halifa.x. — The  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee  has 
accepted  the  foUowiDjj  tenders  : — 

Babcork  A  Wilcox,  Ltd.— Two  water-tube  boilers  and  Bupcrheaters,  £3,090, 

and  cbain  grate  stokers,  £810. 
British   Tbomsou-Houston  Co.,   Ltd.  —  Extra-high-tension  feeder  cell    at 

electricity  works,  i'8'2. 
Drakes.  Lid.— Fixing  ot  steel  mains  and  cast-iron  bends,  £69. 
Babcock  &  WUcox,  Ltd.— High-pressure  steam  piping  and  exhaust  piping, 

Luton.— The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Mr.  Geo. 
N'ewbold.  for  about  2,.".00  tons  of  Whitwick  slack  coal  for  the  elec- 
tricity works,  at  128.  per  ton. 

FrestOD.— The  B.  of  (i.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Mr. 
E.  Dewhurst,  of  Preston,  for  the  renewal  of  the  storage  batteries 
for  the  electric  lighting  plant  at  Fulwood  Workhouse,  at  £610. 

Kbondda. — Messrs.  Venner  A  Co.  have  received  an 
order  for  equipping  the  Rhondda  Tramways  with  Chamberlain  and 
Hookham  meters. 

Rojfby.— The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  W.  T. 
Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  440  yards  of  15  low- 
tension,  three-core,  paper-insulated  and  lead-covered  cable. 

Walthamsfow.— The  tender  of  Mr.  G.  P.  Trentham  has 
been  accepted  by  the  U.D.C,  at  £](;,r>92,  for  carrying  out  alterations 
and  additions  to  the  permanent  way. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


Junior  Institution  of  Engineers.— Friday  evening,  January  8rd.  Paper, 
'•  Some  Notes  on  the  Practical  Operation  of  Electrical  Machinery  for  Power 
PurpoEes,"  by  Mr.  C.  E.  Catterson. 

Wednesday,  January  8th.  At  8  p.m.  At  the  I.E.E.  Lecture  on 
'Heating  of  Buildings  by  Means  of  Hot  Panels,"  by  Capt.  H.  Riall 
Sankey. 

issociationo(Engineers-in-Cbarge.— Saturday,  January  4th.  At  St.  Bride's 
lustitutt,  E.C.     Social.     Dance. 

Institution   of  Electrical    Engineers  (Newcastle   Students'   Section).— 

Mondav,  January  6th.  At  7.80  p.m.  At  the  Armstrong  College,  Newcastle. 
Paper  on  "Phasing  Out  of  Alternating-Current  Apparatus,"  by  Mr.  J 
Hacking.  ' 

InsUtution  of  Electrical   Engineers   (Manchester  Students'  Section)  — 

Tufbdiiy,  Januaij  7th.  At  7.30  p.m.  At  the  Municipal  School  of  Techno- 
logy, Majichetter.  Paper  on  "Automatic  Circuit  Breakeis,"  by  Mr.  A  N 
Hawortb. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Glasgow  Students'  Section).- Tues- 
day, January  7th.  A18  pro.  At  the  Roval  Technical  Coliegc,  Glasgow 
Debate. 

Rugby  Engineering  Society.— Tuesday,  January  7th.  At  8  p.m.  At  Benn 
Buildings,  HuKby.  Paper  on  "Large  Steam-Turbo  Units,"  by  Mr.  J  P 
Chittenden. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Birmingbam  Section).- Wednesday, 

Jaiiuary8th.     Meeting  at  the  L'niverbity,  Biriniiighnm. 
Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (London).— Thursday,  January  9tli.    At 
8  p.m.    Paper  on  •The  Design   of   AjipaiaUis   for  Improving  ihe   Power 
Factor  o(  a  ( .  Systems,"  by  Prof.  Miles  Walker. 

Concrete  Institute.  Thursday,  January  flth.  At  7.00  p. m.  At  2i)6,  Vauxhall 
Bridge  Hoad,  8.W.  Paper  on  "Concrete  in  its  Legal  Aspect"  by  Mr, 
W.  Valentine  Ball. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Dublin  Section).— Friday,  January 
lOth.  At  H  p.m.  .M  the  Royal  College  of  Bcicnifc,  Dublin.  Paper,  "  Notes 
on  KcU  Propelled  Cars  (or  Light  Railway  Work,"  by  Mr.  J.  P.  Tierney. 

Electro-Harmonic  Society.— Friday,  January  10th.  At  8  p.m.  At  the 
Holbom  Kestaurant.    Umoking  Concert, 


London  Teleitiione  Service. — With  the  new  year,  the 

Post  Office  opened  new  exchanges  called  the  "  Regent "  and  "  Park  " 
exchanges,  and  transferred  some  thoubands  of  subscribers  from  one 
exchange  to  another.  Twelve  months  hence,  the  "  Charierhouee  '' 
exchange  will  relieve  the  "  City  '  and  "  London  Wall  "  exchanges, 
and  the  "  Museum  "'  exchange  in  Tottenham  Court  Road  will  he 
opened. 


NOTES. 


Inde.\. — The  Index  to  Volume  71  of  the  Electrical 
Review,  July  to  December,  1912,  will  be  published  with  our  issue 
for  next  week. 

Inquiries. — The  name  of  the  maker  of  the  Harmau 
electric  hoist  is  inquired  for  ;  a  correspondent  wishes  to  get  into 
touch  with  the  makers  of  the  electric  table-cloth. 

Fatalities. — An  inquiry  was  held  on  December  2Gth  by 
Coroner  J.  T.  Proud,  at  Billy  Row,  a  mining  village  in  the  county 
of  Durham,  into  the  death  of  William  Nicholson,  52,  a  miner,  who 
lived  at  Billy  Row  and  worked  at  Bowden  Close  colliery.  From 
the  evidence  it  appeared  that  Nicholson  was  going  home  on  Christ- 
mas eve  from  work  at  the  pit  with  a  man  named  Hetherington. 
The  night  was  very  stormy,  and  as  the  men  turned  into  Institute 
Terrace,  they  fell  over  a  live  wire  which  formed  part  of  the  elec- 
tric lighting  installation.  Both  men  received  severe  shocks  and 
fell  to  the  ground.  At  the  same  moment  the  electric  light  in  the 
house  ol  another  pitman  went  out,  and  he  went  out  to  ascertain 
the  cause  of  its  extinction.  Hearing  shouts,  he  went  forward  a 
short  distance,  and  saw  Nicholson  and  Hetherington  rolling  on  the 
ground.  Afsistance  was  at  once  obtained,  but  when  removed  from 
contact  with  the  wire  Nicholson  was  dead,  but  Hetherington  was 
able,  after  attention,  to  go  home.  Mr.  S.  Wraith,  the  chief  elec- 
trician for  Messrs.  Pease  (k:  Partners,  the  owners  of  the  colliery,  said 
the  voltage  of  the  current  was  from  225  to  230  alternating.  It  was* 
not  customary  to  protect  such  wires.  Nicholson's  damp  clothes 
'  and  his  tin  bottle  would  act  as  conductors.  The  jury  returned  a 
verdict  that  deceased  had  been  accidentally  killed  by  an  electric 
current  through  the  wires  having  been  blown  down  by  the  storm. 
They  were  of  the  opinion  that  better  means  should  be  found  to 
protect  the  wires  crossing  a  public  thoroughfare. 

According  to  the  Austndian  Miniiu/  Standard,  Mr.  A.  M 
Webb,  an  electrical  engineer  employed  by  the  Adelaide  Tram- 
way Trust  at  the  Port  Adelaide  power  house,  was  killed  last 
November  through  contact  with  a  wire  carrying  11,000  volts.  When 
he  was  discovered  he  was  still  living,  but  all  efforts  to  restore  con- 
sciousness failed. 

A  young  man  named  Ernest  Lancaster  (17)  was  killed  on  Saturday, 
28th  ult.,  at  the  Weardale  Steel,  Coal  and  Coke  Co.'s  by-product  coke 
ovens  at  Tudhoe  Ironworks.  Be  was  somehow  caught  by  a  live 
electric  wire,  and  his  death  was  instantaneous.  He  had  only  been 
at  work  a  few  months  when  the  affair  happened. 

A  Committee  Dissolved. — Our  readers  may  remember 

that  several  years  ago  there  was  formed  a  Committee  for  the  Pro- 
tection of  Electrical  Interests.  We  have  just  received  from  Mr.  R. 
Borlase  Matthews,  the  hon.  sec,  a  copy  of  a  circular  which  has 
been  issued  to  the  members,  informing  them  of  the  dissolution  of 
the  Committee  consequent  upon  the  formation  of  an  Industrial 
Committee  by  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,  to  which  the 
work  of  the  Electrical  Committee  has  been  transferred.  The 
circular  reads  thus  : — 

"  I  beg  to  inform  you  that,  in  accordance  with  the  directions  of 
the  Committee,  a  letter  was  addressed  to  the  Institution  of  Elec- 
trical Engineers  suggesting  that  they  should  take  over  the  work  of 
the  Committee  by  the  formation  of  an  Industrial  Section  or  Com- 
mittee of  the  Institution. 

"  I  have  now  the  pleasure  of  advising  you  that  the  Council  of 
the  Institution,  at  its  meeting  on  March  28th  last,  passed  the 
following  resolution  : — 

"  1.  That  an  Industrial  Committee  be  appointed  by  the  Council, 
to  which  there  shall  be  referred,  for  consideration  and  report,  all 
industrial  matters  coming  before  the  Council,  and  whose  business 
shall  al^'o  be  to  report  to  the  Council  on  any  industrial  matters 
which,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Committee,  affect  the  electrical 
industry  and  in  respect  of  which  the  Institution  might  usefully 
take  action. 

"  •>.  That  the  Committee  consist  of  : — 

"(//)  Eighteen  Members  drawn  from  the  Members,  Associate 
Members  and  Associates  of  the  Institution,  at  least  six  of  whom, 
shall  be  members  of  the  Council  : 

"  (Jj)  And,  if  so  desired  by  the  Council,  other  persons  not  exceed- 
ing six  in  number,  connected  with  other  organisations,  and  not 
necessarily  members  of  the  Institution. 

"3.  That  the  chairman  of  the  Committee  be  elected  by  the 
Council. 

"4.  That  the  Parliamentary  Committee  be  merged  into  the 
Industrial  Committee,  and  that  the  latter  take  over  the  work  of  the 
existing  Parliamentary  Committee. 

"  .">.  That,  subject  to  the  Council's  approval  on  each  occasion,  the 
Committee  arrange  for  special  meetings  of  various  branches  of  the 
electrical  industry  in  the  Institution  building,  at  which  the  chair 
shall  be  taken  by  a  chairman  appointed  by  the  Council. 

"  ().  That  the  Council  inform  other  bodies  of  the  appointment 
and  existence  of  the  Committee,  and  ask  them  to  submit  from  time 
to  time  any  matters  which  they  consider  should  Ije  taken  up  by  the 
Institution. 

"  And  an  announcement  has  recently  been  made  that  the  follow- 
ing Committee  has  been  elected  :— [These  names  have  already  been 
published  in  the  Elkctkkal  Revikw. — Eds.  ' 

" ....  In  view  cf  the  appointment  of  the  above  Committee,  it 
is  deemed  desirable  that  our  Committee  for  the  Protection  of  Elec- 
trical Interests  should  be  dissolved,  and  that  the  small  balance  of 
cash  in  hand  be  handed  to  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers 
to  bo  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  Industrial  Committee,  and  unless 
I  hear  from  you  to  the  contrary,  I  shall  take  it  for  granted  that  you 
are  in  agreement  with  this  course  being  pursued." 


Vol.  Ti.     No.  1,8;»2,  Janiuuy  8,  19i;t.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


26 


The     Nldlainls    Electrical    Fiijcincfis'    Kail.— I'ho 

Booond  aiinuul  liuU  u'ivon  by  the  MuilarulM  lOltotricuI  KnifinetrH 
took  plooo  at  thi)  Grand  Hotol,  liiriniiiKliaiii,  on  I'ridBy,  tho 
20th  ult.,  and  waH,  if  poHBiblo,  a  Htill  (troatcr  hiuxohh  than  that  of 
the  proviouH  year,  in  njjito  of  many  abHcnccH  owinif  to  tho  unavoid- 
able noarnoBH  of  tho  event  to  theCMirintniaH  holidayp.  Many  fricndH 
were  able  to  be  pronent  from  Ijondon  and  the  North,  and  Mr. 
Chattock,  who  wbh  chairman  of  tho  Danco  Committee,  is  to  be 
oonvrratiilated  on  having'  asBombled  Huch  a  reprciiuntative  gatherio(r, 
and  on  providinj;  such  an  enjoyable  evuninir. 

Entertainilicnt. — <>ii  Saturday  evening;,  Ucccinber  2lHt, 
the  Mi<chanioH'  Larire  Hall,  Nottini^ham,  presented  a  most  animated 
appearance,  tho  occasion  being  the  (IhriHtnuiH  entertainment  pro- 
vided by  Mr.  Jardine  for  the  children  of  the  employes  at  the 
various  factories.  This  is  the  twenty-eiprhth  year  in  succesBion 
that  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jardine  have  entertained  the  children.  The 
number  present  was  over  1,600. 

E.T.IM.    Wliist    l»rive.— Mr.   F.    W.   o.    llawes,    the 

secretary,  is  organiBinff  on  behalf  of  the  Electrical  Trades'  Benevolent 
Institution  a  Whist  Drive,  which  will  be  held  at  Slater's  IJestaurant, 
50,  Cannon  Street,  B.C.,  on  the  evenirj''  of  Friday,  January  17th, 
at  7  o'clock  for  7..'{0.  Prizes  are  beinj;  [jiven  by  the  directors  of 
firms  interested,  and  others.  Tickets,  price  2s.  (id.  each,  inclusive 
of  music  and  refreshments,  may  be  obtained  from  the  following 
members  of  the  Committee  :—  C.  H.  Champion,  Union  Electric  Co.  ; 
B.  E.  Crowe,  Sterling  Telephone  Co.  ;  F.  B.  0.  Hawes,  Electrical 
Trades  B.I.  (IS,  Park  Mansions,  Yauxhall  Park,  South  Lambeth 
Road,  S.W.)  ;  A.  J.  Williams,  General  Electric  Co.  The  object  of 
the  event  is  to  make  the  Institution  better  known  among  those 
who  ought  to  become  members,  and  not  to  make  any  money  out  of 
the  entertainment  itself.  Mr.  Hawes  will  occupy  a  few  minutes 
during  the  evening  to  explain  the  objects  of  the  Institution,  and 
the  advantages  of  membership. 

Electricity  for  Train  Li^htln^. — Lieut.-Col.  Sir  11.  A. 

Yorke's  report  to  the  B.  of  T.  on  the  railway  accident  at  Ditton 
Junction  on  September  17th,  1912,  was  issued  on  December  20th. 
Regarding  the  fire  which  broke  out  and  destroyed  several  of  the 
coaches,  the  Inspector  says  : — 

The  two  horse  boxes  at  the  front  of  the  train  were  lighted  by  oil 
lamps,  the  sixth  and  ninth  carriages  by  electricity,  and  the  remain- 
ing five  vehicles  by  gas.  There  are  two  gas  cylinders  to  a  coach, 
each  with  a  capacity  (at  100  lb.  pressure  per  sq.  in.)  of  56  cb.  ft. 
of  gas.  In  this  case  they  were  probably  not  more  than  half  full. 
The  cylinders  of  the  three  wrecked  coaches,  viz.,  the  third,  fourth,  and 
fifth,  were  only  dented,  and  were  not  broken  or  pierced  in  any  way, 
but  the  pipes  and  connections  leading  from  them  were  broken  off, 
and  the  gas  was  free  to  escape.  One  of  the  witnesses  (Porter  Ryan) 
says  that  when  the  engine  struck  the  bridge  he  saw  a  volume  of 
flame  burst  from  it,  and  this  probably  set  fire  to  any  gas  that 
might  be  escaping  from  the  carriages  as  they  passed  the  engine. 
Apart  from  this,  it  is  well  known  that  a  very  small  spark  is 
sufficient  to  ignite  gas  when  escaping  into  the  air,  and  there  must 
have  been  plenty  of  red-hot  cinders  from  the  engine,  and  sparks 
from  the  wheels,  flying  about  the  train  during  the  process  of 
destruction.  The  immediate  appearance  of  fire,  the  rapidity  with 
which  it  spread,  the  fierceness  with  which  it  burnt,  and  the  manner 
in  which  it  resisted  for  nearly  two  hours  all  the  efforts  to  quench 
it,  can,  in  my  opinion,  only  be  attributed  to  the  presence  of  gas. 
The  fire  first  showed  itself  in  the  heap  of  wreckage  against  the 
wall  which  supports  the  booking  office.  It  soon  enveloped  the 
fourth  and  fifth  coaches,  which  were  burnt  out.  The  leading  end 
of  the  sixth  coach,  which  was  lighted  by  electricity,  was  also  des- 
troyed by  fire,  owing  to  the  fact  that  it  was  entangled  in  the 
wreckage  of  the  other  two,  by  which  it  was  set  alight. 

The  arguments  for  and  against  the  use  of  gas  for  lighting  trains 
are  fuUy  given  in  Major  Pringle's  report  dated  Slst  January,  1911, 
upon  the  collision  which  occurred  at  Hawes  Junction,  and  it 
is  not  necessary  for  me  to  repeat  them  here.  Major  Pringle 
came  to  the  conclusion  that,  although  steps  might  be 
taken  to  lessen  the  risks  attendant  upon  the  use  of  gas, 
"  electric  lighting  would  still  be  the  safer  method,"  and  "  should 
be  adopted  wherever  possible."  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  up 
to  the  present  time  no  unanimous  action  has  been  taken  by 
the  railway  companies  to  meet  the  representations  of  the  Board 
of  Trade,  which  were  based  upon  the  above  report.  Some 
companies  are  in  favour  of  electricity,  while  others  champion 
the  use  of  gas.  The  chief  point  on  which  opinions  differ  seems 
to  be  that  of  cost.  I  have  been  personally  assured  by  responsible 
railway  officers  that  gas  is  far  the  cheaper  illuminant  of  the  two, 
while  other  officers  equally  responsible  have  been  confident  that 
the  balance  is  in  favour  of  electricity.  In  view  of  these  conflict- 
ing opinions,  it  may  be  assumed  that  the  difference  in  cost  does  not 
amount  to  much,  and  depends  chiefly  upon  wlyit  items  are  included 
in  the  term  "  cost."  So  far  as  safety  is  concerned,  there  can  hardly 
exist  in  anyone's  mind  a  doubt  that  electricity  is  the  better,  and  I 
think  the  railway  companies  would  be  wise  to  recognise  this  fact 
and  adopt  electricity  as  the  standard  illuminant  on  all  their  main-line 
trains  before  they  are  compelled  to  do  so  by  the  pressure  of  public 
opinion. 

In  fairness  to  the  London  and  North-Western  Railway  Co.,  I 
should  say  that  gas  has  been  used  by  it  on  its  trains  for  30  years, 
during  which  period,  I  am  told,  2,937  millions  of  passengers  have 
been  carried,  and  this  is  the  first  occasion  on  which  it  has  been 
suggested  that  gas  has  been  concerned  in  the  burning  of  one  of 
its  trains.  A  large  number  of  its  carriages  are  already  lighted  by 
electricity,  and  the  number  is  increasing  yearly.  But  the  company 
has  not  as  yet  gone  so  far  as  to  adopt  electricity  as  the  standard 
illuminant. 


I  nlvcr«ity  of  Ilonif-hoDic.— W<:  rcctiitiy  publiclK.d  a 

liMt  of  the  inuchincH  nK|uirtil  for  tho  eu»ipm«nt  of  the  eni{in<*rinif 
departmtiitH  of  the  now  InivtrBity  of  Hong-Kon(f,  of  which  Prof, 
C.  A.  M.  Kmith  In  tho  head,  and  urged  our  readem  to  take  aflvan- 
tage  of  thin  uni'juc  opportunity  of  Hccuring  the  fine»t  of  all 
advurtiHementH  in  the  eycH  of  the  embryo  cnifim-'TM  who  are  now 
joining  tho  Univemity.  Wo  have  Hince  beard  from  Pmf.  Kmith 
that  the  first  to  respond  to  the  invitation  wore  the  Chloride  Kin  • 
trionl  Storage  Co.,  I.td.,  who  telegraphed  to  him  promiBini;  to 
present  a  complete  »ct  of  their  well-known  aociiinulatont ;  the 
Hart  Accumulator  (Jo.  have  alBO  pres'-nted  a  number  of 
cells,  and  the  Waloall  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  prenented 
a  (juantity  of  electrical  instruments.  Mewn.  MarBball,  Bodh  A:  Co., 
Ltd.,  have  cobled  out  offering  a  complete  steam  engine  and  condeng- 
ing  plant.  Oil  engines  and  all  kinds  of  electrical  apparatus  are 
urgently  needed  by  the  I.'niversity,  aawell  as  physical  and  scientific 
instruments. 

Prof.  Smith  writes  that  the  longer  he  is  in  Hong-Kong,  the  more 
convinced  he  is  that  the  place  is  the  "springboard  "  for  Britioh 
trade  with  China,  and  that  our  manufacturing  firms  will  never  get 
another  chance  such  as  this  for  creating  an  indelible  impression 
upon  the  minds  of  our  Oriental  customers.  Out  of  55  new 
students,  37  are  engineers.  We  may  mention  that,  while  the 
tonnage  of  shipping  cleared  at  Liverpool  in  1910  was  7i 
millions,  that  of  Hong-Kong  was  no  less  than  1 1  millions — 
a  far  greater  total  than  that  of  any  other  port  in  the  British 
Empire,  except  London.  Practically,  the  island  is  the  gateway  of 
British  trade  with  China  and  the  East,  and  its  further  development 
as  the  centre  of  scientific  and  engineering  training  in  those  regions 
will  immensely  increase  its  importance  and  prestige.  There  are  no 
tariff  walls  to  hinder  our  access  to  the  markets  of  the  vast  popu- 
lation which  is  now  bestirring  itself  and  is  beginning  to  devise 
ways  and  means  of  utilising  the  riches  with  which  the  country  is 
endowed  by  Nature  ;  we  are  on  an  equality  with  our  rivals  in  this 
respect,  and  superior  to  them  in  the  quality  of  our  products,  but  if 
their  manufactures  are  permitted  to  pervade  the  laboratories  of 
the  L'niversity  and  to  impress  themselves  upon  the  student 
engineers,  we  shall  be  greatly  handicapped  in  the  battle  for  trade. 
As  both  an  individual  and  national  duty,  we  again  urge  upon  our 
readers  the  importance  of  making  those  laboratories  a  first-class 
showroom  and  permanent  exhibition  of  British  manufactures. 

Aiipointments  Vacant. — According  to  an  advertisement 

in  the  Times,  the  post  of  superintendent  of  the  Magnetic  and 
Geo-Physical  Observatory  at  Eskdalemuir  (Dumfriesshire)  is 
vacant  (salary,  £400  to  £500),  and  applications  have  to  be  lodged 
by  January  31st.  Particulars  from  the  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Royal  Society,  Burlington  House,  W.C. 

One  senior  switchboard  attendant  (32s.  (5d.),  and  two  junior 
switchboard  attendants  (26s.),  for  the  Salford  Corporation.  Junior 
telegraph  engineer,  for  the  Uganda  Protectorate  Government 
(£250).     See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

Electricity  in  Spain. — A  Comision  Permanente  Espanola 
de  Electricidad  has  just  been  appointed  in  Spain,  under  Govern- 
ment auspices.  D.  Jose  Echegaray  has  been  invited  to  become  the 
first  president  of  the  new  body. 

Billiards. — The  final  of  the  billiard  handicap  for  the 
Challenge  Cup,  presented  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Cowell,  manager  of  Black- 
burn Corporation  Tramways,  for  competition  amongst  the  employes, 
was  played  on  Friday  evening.  The  contestants  were  Inspector 
G.  H.  Woods  and  Mr.  D.  McEvoy,  who  was  last  year's  winner.  The 
cup  was  eventually  won  by  Inspector  W'cods,  who  was  also 
presented  with  a  gold  medal  by  Mr.  J.  L.  Redmayne,  whilst  Mr. 
McEvoy  was  given  a  leather  pocket  wallet  as  a  consolation  prize. 
Alderman  Houlker  Watson  made  the  formal  presentation. 

Bradford  Strite.  —At  Bradford  City  Police  Court,  last 
week,  Albert  L.  Raistick,  of  Idle,  was  fined  20s.  and  233.  costs,  for 
having,'  as  a  Trade  Union  picket,  thrown  an  egg  at  an  electrician 
named  Charlie  Monnsey,  who  had  remained  at  work  during  the 
electricians'  strike  in  Bradford. 

Institation  and    Lecture    Xotcs.— Ixstititiox    ok 

Electrical  Esgixeebs  (Scottish  Local  Section)  — There  was 
an  attendance  of  about  300  gentlemen  at  the  annual  dinner  of  the 
Scottish  Local  Section,  which,  as  mentioned  previously,  was  held 
on  December  17th.  Mr.  Wm.  M'Whirter,  the  chairman,  presided. 
Engineer  Commander  Wood,  who  responded  for  the  Navy  after  the 
•'  Imperial  Forces  "  had  been  proposed  by  Mr.  Robert  Caird,  LL.D., 
spoke  of  the  connection  between  the  electrician  and  the  Navy. 
The  electrician  had  shown  that  there  was  nothing  too  heavy  or  too 
light,  nothing  too  large  or  too  small  for  him  to  tackle.  He 
weighed  the  anchor  and  mixed  the  dough  for  bread.  He  ventilated 
the  ship  and  he  lighted  it.  His  were  the  means  by  which  the 
captain  in  his  cabin  could  tell  the  officer  on  the  bridge  what  he 
thought  of  him,  and  also  by  which  the  admiral  on  the  fiagship 
could  tell  the  captain  what  he  thought  of  him.  The  electrician 
warmed  the  cabins  and  cooled  the  magazine.  He  hoisted  the 
ammunition  and  the  coal.  He  pumped  the  bilge  water  and  flooded 
the  seascape  with  light,  and  one  day,  no  doubt,  would  take  a  hand 
in  driving  the  ship.  Lord  Provost  Stevenson  responded  to  the 
toast  of  "Glasgow  Corporation,"  and  had  much  to  say  regarding  the 
work  of  the  electricity  department  of  the  T.C.  in  the  ett'ort  to  get 
rid  of  the  black  smoke  in  the  atmosphere.  He  pointed  out  that  it 
was  the  business  of  the  electrical  engineers  to  show  the  citizens 
how  to  carry  on  their  industrial  concerns  without  the  smoke  pall 
above  them  all  the  time.  He  understood  that  since  the  amalga- 
mation of  some  of  the  neighbouring  areas  the  electricity  depart- 
ment has  been  inundated  with  orders  [from  large  manufacturing 


26 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,8H2,  January  3,  1913. 


concerns,  and  be  conld  see  the  smoke  pall  visibly  dieappearinpr, 
because  those  orders  for  large  power  enpplieH  from  the 
department  -meant  nothing  if  not  a  diminution  of  smoke. 
The  more  the  electrical  engineers  convinced  the  users  of 
power  that  that  power  could  be  supplied  through  electricity, 
the  sooner  would  the  smoke  cloud  be  dispelled  ;  the  Corporation, 
therffore,  looked  to  the  electricians  primarily  for  that  evolution. 
He  was  delighted  to  hear  frcm  the  chief  electrical  engineer,  Mr. 
Lackie,  that  he  was  now  developing  ;i7,000  h.p.  Mr.  Lackie  had 
shown  th<m  in  the  recent  Smoke  Abatement  Eihibition  that 
almost  everything  under  the  sun  could'be  done  by  electricity.  The 
toast  of  the  "Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers'"  was  proposed  by 
the  Hishop  of  Glasgow  and  Galloway,  and  Mr.  Duddel).  the  Presi- 
dent, in  response,  said  that  while  it  was  true  that  the  membership 
had  grown  from  700  to  about  7,0(»0  after  40  years  of  existence,  that, 
he  took  it,  was  an  indication  of  the  growth  of  the  electrical 
industry,  for  to-day  it  was  one  of  the  most  important  industries  in 
the  country.  As  to  the  part  played  by  electricity  on  bf  ard  ship, 
his  opinion  was  that  the  day  was  not  far  distant  when  it  would 
play  a  far  greater  part.  They  had  heard  of  the  success  of  the 
Glasgow  electricity  department  in  abating  the  sm(  ke  nuifance,  but 
they  had  also  got  to  attack  the  domestic  fire,  which,  after  all,  was  the 
chief  offender  in  their  grfat  cities.  At  the  summer  meeting  of  the 
Institution  in  (ilafi-'ow,  Dr.  Silvanus  Tboiiipscn  read  a  most  inter- 
esting paper  on  "  Magnetism  and  the  Permanent  Magnet."  Arising 
very  much  out  of  that  paper  the  Institution  had  decided  to  form  a 
Research  Committee,  which  was  going  to  co-ordinate  the  electrical 
researches  which  were  going  on  all  over  the  country,  and  to  start 
research  on  electrical  subjects.  In  his  paper  Dr.  Thompson  showed 
very  clearly  the  necessity  there  is  of  co-ordinating  research  on  the 
magnetic  properties  of  steel,  and  they  hoped  that  that  might  form 
part  of  the  work  to  be  dealt  with  by  the  Institution.  As  to  internal 
affairs,  they  had,  he  believed,  a  successful  Students'  Section  in 
Gla.sgow  ;  it  had  come  to  his  knowledge  that  some  of  the  students 
did  rot  like  beint;  made  graduates,  and  he  wished  it  to  be 
clearly  understood  that  the  Council  in  transferring  many 
young  men  from  the  class  of  student  to  that  of  graduate 
did  not  wish  them  to  remain  permanently  in  that  class.  Many 
young  men  who  had  not  had  sutlicient  number  of  years  in  practice 
were  advised  to  be  transferred  into  the  graduate  class,  but  it  was 
hoped  that  in  due  course  they  would  apply  to  be  transferred  to 
associate  membership  and  the  other  higher  classes  of  the 
Institution.  He  was  the  first  president  who  had  climbed  the 
Institution  ladder,  starting  as  a  student  and  going  through 
all  the  various  grades,  while  another  curious  fact  was  that 
he  happened  to  be  the  same  age  as  the  Institution.  Acknow- 
ledging the  Scottish  Local  Section,  proposed  by  Mr.  R.  K.  Morcom, 
Mr.  McWhirter  pointed  to  the  fact  that  the  Institution 
was  growing  increasingly  useful  to  the  whole  membership. 
Their  Local  Section  at  its  start  12  years  ago  had  1.58  members; 
to-day  it  had  -100,  drawn  from  all  parts  of  Scotland.  The  chair- 
man went  on  to  review  the  growth  of  electrical  industry  and  the 
tramways  undertaking  in  Glasgow  in  the  last  20  years,  and  con- 
cluded by  urging  those  concerned  to  take  steps  for  the  provision  of 
improved  educational  facilities  on  sensible  practical  lines,  not  too 
highly  pitched  for  their  apprentices  who  were  too  often  hampered 
and  discouraged  by  an  overdose  of  mathematics  at  their  entrance 
into  a  technical  college. 

Association  of  Mining  Electbical  Engineers  (East  of 
Scotland  Branch)  — The  monthly  meeting  of  the  branch  was 
held  in  Kircaldy  on  Friday,  20th  ult.,  and  took  the  form  of  an 
"  open  night,"  to  which  all  interested  in  the  handling  of  electrical 
plant  were  invited.  A  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  A.  B.  Muirhead 
(Glasgow),  on  "The  Maintenance  of  Colliery  Electrical  Plant," 
addressed  particularly  to  the  "  authorised  persons  "  under  the  new 
Electricity  Rules. 

Association  of  Mining  Electrical  Engineers  (West  of 
Scotland  Branch).— At  the  last  monthly  meeting  of  the  Branch 
Mr.  Sidney  A.  Simon,  B.A.,  Glasgow,  read  a  paper  on  "The  Speed 
Control  of  Three-phase  Motors."  While  not  holding  a  brief  for 
the  universal  adoption  of  three-phase  current,  knowing  that  there 
were  many  applications  of  electric  power  for  which  direct  current 
was  undeniably  superior,  the  author  described  the  most  important 
of  the  methods  of  three-phase  speed  control  which  had  been 
successfully  developed,  and  afterwards  the  methods  of  imperfect 
speed  control.  He  did  not  favour  the  latter,  as  in  each  case  the 
variation  of  speed  was  effected  in  steps,  and  intermediate  speeds 
were  only  possible  by  wasting  energy.  The  discussion  was 
adjourned  till  the  next  meeting. 

The  Society  of  Engineers  (Incorporated). — The  Council  of 
the  Society  may  award  in  IIUS  a  premium  (the  "  Status  Prize")  to 
the  value  of  £10  lOs.,  for  an  approved  essay  on  "A  scheme  for 
the  registration  of  Engineers,  including  particulars  concerning  the 
registration  of  Kngineers  in  British  Colonies  and  foreign  countries." 
The  competition  is  open  to  all,  but,  before  entering,  application  for 
detailed  particulars  should  be  made  to  the  Secretary,  17,  Victoria 
Street,  Westminster.  The  last  date  for  receiving  essays  is  May 
HlBt,  1913. 

Eoyal  Society  of  Arts.— On  Monday  evening,  January  20th, 
Prof.  Vivian  B.  Lewes  will  deliver  the  first  of  his  Cantor  Lectures 
on  "Liquid  Fuel. "  On  January  27th  the  second  will  l)e  delivered. 
"Co-partnership"  is  the  subject  of  a  lecture  to  be  given  on  January 
2'.'th,  by  Mr.  A neurin  Williams. 

I'niflow  Eil(!:ine.s. — A  correspondent  asks,  Why  so  much 
fuss  about  the  unifiow  engine,  as  though  it  were  a  new  idea  but 
recently  put  into  execution  ■  The  unifiow  engine  ban  acquired  a 
new  name,  but  there  its  novelty  stops.  There  have  been  two  well- 
known  examples  of  the  principle  at  work  for  many  years  in  very 
great  numbers.    The  chief  in   point  of   number  was  the  Willans 


engine,  which  carried  out  the  unifiow  principle  by  means,  not  of  a 
ring  of  exhaust  ports  round  the  cylinder  to  be  uncove-ed  by  the 
piston,  but  by  a  central  valve  with  exhaust  ports  at  the  piston 
face. 

It  was  a  well-founded  claim  of  the  Willans  engine  that  good 
drainage  was  secured,  for  all  water  which  reached  the  piston  was 
able  quickly  to  escape  by  way  of  the  central  valve.  The  engine 
filled  a  certain  want,  viz.,  the  demand  for  an  engine  to  run  as 
quickly  aea  dynamo,  and  so  avoid  belt  driving.  The  ideas  of  Mr. 
Ferranti  were  not  then  accepted  as  they  are  universally  accepted 
tc-day  :  the  ideas  which  gave  the  little  engine  its  success  were 
those  which  produced  long  engine  rooms  with  the  vanishing  point 
perspective  view  of  a  long  line  of  engines,  each  of  a  few  horse- 
power, exhausting  preferably  to  atmosphere. 

Then  Mr.  Raworth  brought  out  a  unifiow  engine,  in  which  the 
exhaust  took  place  through  a  ring  of  ports  in  the  cylinder,  which 
were  uncovered  by  the  piston.  The  same  idea  is  carried  out  in  the 
Kiirting  gas  engine. 

It  is  somewhat  doubtful  if  either  of  the  steam  engines  named 
gave  any  better  dryness  results  than  the  horizontal  Corliss  engine 
which  collected  its  water  at  the  exhaust  valve  to  which  much  of 
it  was  shot  across  the  cylinder  directly  from  the  inlet  valve.  But 
a  vertical  engine  without  superheat  is  bound  to  be  wet  on  its  upper 
end,  and  drainage  at  the  piston  face  level  or  near  the  cylinder 
middle  shows  good  results.  But  it  is  very  doubtful  if  the  unifiow 
principle  is  worth  the  sacrifice  of  the  double  acting  principle,  for 
the  water  drainage  ceases  to  possess  any  supreme  importance  when 
steam  is  superheated,  for  there  should  be  none  to  drain. 

It  is  questionable  if  a  unifiow  engine  with  exhaust  only  by  way 
of  the  cylinder  middle  ports  would  satisfactorily  clear  itself  of 
steam  in  the  time  these  ports  are  open  ;  that  is  to  say,  unless  a  very 
excellent  vacuum  exists,  the  steam  remainirg  in  the  cylinder  will 
compress  to  a  considerable  pressure  on  the  return  stroke.  High 
compression  has  not  usually  been  beneficial  beyond  the  point  at 
which  it  produces  easy,  quiet  running  of  an  (ngine,  for,  when  all  is 
said,  power  is  absorbed  in  doing  the  work  of  compression  and  cannot 
all  be  recovered. 

Novelties  in  steam  engines  have  rarely  lived  long.  The  recipro- 
cating engine  seems  to  have  reached  a  fixed  type,  and  to  have 
reached  its  best  in  the  upright  position  as  a  thing  with  a  back- 
bone, just  as  the  animal  creation  appears  to  have  reached  its 
height  in  an  upstanding  vertebrate  with  limbs.  So  the  engine, 
which  has  gone  through  repeated  cycles  of  horizontality,  appears 
to  have  been  always  at  its  best  when  vertical,  the  locomotive,  like 
all  draught  animals,  being  of  horizontal  type. 

The  turbine  is  the  one  unifiow  engine  in  which  the  principle  is 
at  all  fully  carried  out.  No  reciprocating  engine  has  carried 
unifiow  into  practice  better  than  the  Willans  or  the  Raworth,  and 
there  are  objections  to  mid-cylinder  ports.  Indeed,  all  the  advan- 
tages of  mid-cylinder  ports  are  probably  to  be  got  by  a  system  of 
small  drain  holes  only,  to  let  out  water  and  some  of  the  steam, 
leaving  the  remainder  of  the  steam  to  the  usual  exhaust  valve. 
Indeed,  did  not  the  Raworth  engine  follow  this  plan  .' 

The    Cost    of   Electric    Vehicle    Operation.  —  An 

American  contemporary,  quoting  investigations  made  by  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  states  that  for  parcel  delivery, 
with  a  nine-hour  day,  three  trips,  four  parcels  delivered  per  mile 
and  with  one  minute  consumed  in  each  delivery,  three-quarters  of 
an  hour  being  allowed  for  loading  and  the  maximum  load  being 
half  a  ton,  the  horse-drawn  vehicle  does  only  two-thirds  as  much 
work  a  day  as  the  electric  or  gasoline  truck,  at  a  cost  per  delivery 
of  '>.'■)  cents,  o.i  cents  and  (i.5  cents,  respectively.  The  cost  per 
mile  by  horse  is  likewise  between  the  two  other  costs.  In  the  delivery 
of  coal,  which  is  a  very  different  kind  of  delivery,  at  the  heavy 
end  of  the  scale,  with  loads  of  5  tons,  the  horse  wagon  (three  horses, 
one  resting  every  third  day)  does  only  about  half  as  much  work  per 
day  as  either  of  the  motor-trucks.  The  cost  per  mile  here  runs  in 
much  the  same  way  as  with  the  light  work,  being  .55  c.  for  horses, 
47  c.  for  electric,  and  58  c.  for  gasoline,  while  the  costs  per  delivery 
are  in  the  same  order,  S3. 91,  against  S3  32  and  St. 07.  Some  experi- 
ments have  been  made  in  special  service  requirements  as  affecting 
the  cost  of  operation,  and  for  the  parcel  delivery  two  minutes  per 
call  has  been  allowed  instead  of  one.  This  increases  the  standing 
time,  reduces  the  mileage  per  day,  lessens  the  distance  factor  and 
raises  the  cost  of  delivery. 

Gas  Prodacers. — Commenting  on  our  article  on  the 
slagging  type  of  producer,  Messrs.  Appleby  >V:  Co.  call  our  atten- 
tion to  the  Kerpeley  gas  producer,  in  which  the  fuel  is  supported  by 
a  conical  rotating  grate  which  automatically  discharges  ash,  and  is 
claimed  to  be  capable  of  gasifying  low-grade  fuel,  coking  or  non- 
coking,  and  coal  of  all  grades  from  lump  to  slime.  The  lower  part 
of  the  producer  is  a  water  casing,  to  which  clinker  cannot 
adhere,  the  upper  part  having  the  usual  refractory  lining.  The 
grate  stands  up  in  the  middle  of  a  water  trough,  which  forms  a 
water  bottom  to  the  producer.  This  water  bottom,  with  the 
upstanding  grate,  rotates  bodily  round  a  vertical  axis  upon  balls  in  a 
circular  ball  race.  A  fixed  scraper  is  arranged  which  discharges 
the  ash  from  the  water  bottom  over  the  edge  of  this,  the  scraper 
being  fixed  at  such  an  angle  that  the  ash  slides  up  its  face  and  drops 
outside  the  rotating  dish  bottom.  The  cone  is  not  quite  concentric 
with  the  axis  of  rotation,  but  its  vertex  is  a  trifle  eccentric.  As  the 
grate  rotates  this  eccentricity  has  a  moving  effect  on  the  fuel,  and 
assists  to  work  the  spent  fuel  downwards  and  outwards  until  it 
drops  off  the  lower  edge  of  the  cone  into  the  water  Ixjttom.  The 
;,Mate  is  not  circular,  but  polygonally  elliptical,  so  as  effectively  to 
i-rush  up  clinker  if  this  forms  lumps.  Rotation  is  not  rapid— one 
turn  in  2J  to  4  hours.  Owing  to  the  cleanliness  of  the  fire  and  its 
openness,  secured  by  the  effects  of  rotation,  the  producer  workg 


Vol.72.   No. !,«:«,. lANUAuv a,  i'..i:t.]     THE    ELECTUTCAli    KKVIKW. 


27 


freely,  and  it  i»  said  that  in  one  i)mtnllati(>ii  of  product^rH  tins  ptT- 
oentnpe  of  COj  was  only  WS  per  cent.  Forced  blaHt  in  uHcd,  even  to 
!tO  in.  water  trau(fo  at  timen.  With  a  Htyrian  lirown  cool  a  (jaH  of 
IS'J  ii.Tii.U.  per  <;1).  ft.  waH  obtained.  ThiM  producer  appearH  to  bo 
well  calculated  to  work  Bteadily  and  coiitiiiuouHly,  and  producie  on 
oven  and  steady  (luality  of  fcnn  without  waHlc  of  fuel  and  with  a 
hitfli  efflciency  of  operation.  So  far,  tliiH  jiroducir  appearn  to  liave 
been  made  aH  a  preBnure  producer,  and  of  lartro  Bize,  but  there 
appear.'<no  /irinni  f'ncir  reason  why  the  sain(^  principles  nhould  not  be 
applied  to  producers  of  suction  ty|)e.  The  air  and  steam  fupplies  to 
the  producer  are  controUeil  neparately,  and  it  is  stated  thot  the 
producer  will  maintain  it."  maximum  etliciency  when  workinir  on 
dusty,  low-t,'rade  fuel. 

Will.— According  to  the  Tlinrs,  Mr.  ('.  D.  Phillips,  of 
.Newport,  to  whose  death  we  referred  »  short  time  ago,  has  left 
estate  valued  at  £78,188. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

Hie  Editom  invite  electrical  engineers,  whether  cannected  tvith  the 
technical  or  the  commercial  side  of  the  profession  and  industry, 
also  electric  tramway  and  railway  officials,  to  keep  readers  of  the 
Electrical  Review  posted  as  to  their  moremetUs. 


Central    Station    Officials.— The    employes   of    the 

Leeds  Electricity  Department  held  a  smoking:  concert  on  Saturday 
at  the  Grand  Central  Hotel  in  order  to  bid  farewell  to  3lR. 
Dickinson,  the  city  electrical  engineer.  The  deputy-chairman 
of  the  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee  (Aid.  Brown)  occupied 
the  chair,  and  during-  the  evening:  Aid.  Tetley  presented  Mr. 
Dickinson  with  two  silver  standard  lamps  and  a  silver  cake  basket 
which  had  been  subscribed  for  by  350  past  and  present  employes 
of  the  department.  Aid.  Tetley  referred  to  the  benefit  which  the 
city  of  Leeds  had  derived  from  Mr.  Dickinson's  20  years'  connection 
■with  its  electricity  supply,  and  referred  to  the  many  improvements 
which  he  had  been  instrumental  in  introducing  to  the  city.  Aid. 
Brown  said  that  after  a  number  of  years'  intimate  connection  with 
Mr.  Dickinson,  he  was  of  opinion  that  there  was  not  a  better  elec- 
trician in  the  country  than  the  manager  of  the  Leeds  electricity 
undertaking.  Mr.  Dickinson  responded,  and,  after  thanking  those 
present  for  their  gifts,  said  that  the  Leeds  electricity  undertaking 
first  started  with  a  20-k\v.  dynamo  supplying  20  customers.  The 
business  had  so  extended,  that  now  the  capital  was  nearly 
£1,000,000,  and  the  capacity  of  the  dynamos  15,400  KW.,  whilst  in 
1913,  when  they  obtained  the  new  sets,  the  capacity  would  be  in- 
creased to  22, '.'40  KW.  He  was  looking  forward  to  the  time  when 
the  railways  would  be  electrified,  and  the  use  of  electric  current 
would  be  fully  appreciated  in  the  household.  Mr.  Dickinson 
was  released  from  his  duties  on  January  1st  to  take  up  hib 
appointment  in  Liverpool,  on  the  understanding  that  he  will  pay 
visits  to  Leeds  for  consulting  purposes. 

1Mb.  n.  E.  MCNDAY,  of  Shrewsbury  electricity  works,  has  been 
appointed  switchboard  attendant  at  H.M.  Dockyard,  Devonport. 

The  Burnley  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  has  recommended 
that  the  salary  of  Mr.  James  E.  Starkie,  the  electrical  engineer, 
be  increased  from  £400  to  £500  per  annum,  as  from  January  1st. 

Mr.  a.  C.  Black,  formerly  shift  engineer  to  the  Cleveland  and 
Durham  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  now  charge  engineer  at  the  Bootle 
electricity  works,  has  been  married  to  Dorothy  Edith  Halaall, 
daughter  of  the  late  John  Charles  Halsall,  of  Liverpool. 

Mb.  W.  Hodgson  Inman,  for  11  years  at  the  Lancaster  Corpora- 
tion electricity  works,  has  commenced  business  as  an  electrical 
engineer,  wiring  contractor,  cS;c.,  at  38,  North  Road,  Lancaster. 
The  staff  at  the  Lancaster  Corporation  electricity  works  presented 
him  with  a  combined  ammeter  and  voltmeter. 

Mb.  C.  E.  C.  Shawfield,  electrical  and  consulting  tramway 
engineer  to  the  Wolverhampton  Corporation,  has  given  three 
months'  notice  to  terminate  his  engagement,  the  reason  being  that 
he  has  been  offered,  and  has  accepted,  a  much  more  important 
appointment  with  a  new  local  company,  which  is  as  yet  in  its 
comparative  infancy,  but  in  connection  with  which  it  is  believed 
there  are  great  possibilities.  Mr.  Shawfield  went  to  Wolverhampton 
from  Newcastle,  and  succeeded  Mr.  Harman  Lewis  15  or  16  years 
ago  as  borough  electrical  engineer,  and  was  later  appointed  con- 
sulting tramway  engineer,  the  combined  salary  being  £G00  per  annum. 
He  saw  the  inception  in  Wolverhampton  of  the  Lorain  surface  con- 
tact systtm  of  tramway  traction,  and  under  his  direction  the  various 
routes  were  laid  and  equipped.  At  the  present  time  he  is  President 
of  the  Municipal  Electrical  Association,  and  he  is  also  President  of 
the  Wolverhampton  and  District  Engineering  Co.  In  this  latter 
capacity  he  delivered  his  presidential  address  less  than  a  month  ago. 

The  Bexley  U.D.C.  has  appointed  Mb.  H.  P.  Stokes,  borough 
electrical  engineer  and  tramways  manager  at  Ilkeston,  as  electrical 
engineer  and  tramways  manager.     There  were  50  applicants. 

The  Hastings  T.C.  has  appointed  Mr.  Wm.  Travis,  of  Southport, 
as  chief  assistant  electrical  engineer  at  £150  a  year,  rising  to  a 
maximum  of  £180. 

Tramway  Officials. — The  Maidstone  T.C.  has  increased 
the  salary  of  Mr.  Lambert,  tramway  manager,  from  £200  to 
£225  per  annum,  as  from  the  New  Year. 

The  Darwen  Tramways  Committee  recommends  the  appointment 
of  Mk.  F.  J.  S.  HoSKEN  as  tramway  manager,  at  a  salary  of  £200 
per  annum, 


fteneral. — Tin-  foilowinjf  annooncetnent  appeared  in  ih- 

/..niilun  I  111  lit,- uu  Di'ccmljcr  <!ttb  :  — 

ROVAL   EKOINEEBfi. 

"  I/ondon   W  irilecn   Telefrnph    Company,    London    Dtntriot    I-  ■• 
graph  CompanicH,  Royal  lOnginierH  (.Army  Troopi>.  -    Lii:i  i.  A 
E.  G.  AiiRAllAMs   retiKBH  hie  commii-Bion.     Dated   D«ctinl<<;r  jV.b, 
1!»12. 

"  Electric    Liffht    Company,   Dorsetuhire    (Fortrens)   Enjfinecm, 
Royal  Engineers.— William  Henby  Utton  Marshall,  M.LE.K 
A.M.I.Mech.E.,  to   be   Second   Lieutenant.     Dated  December   .\\A 
1','12.' 

Messrs.  Sandycroft,  litd.,  announce  that  they  have  accepted, 
with  regret,  the  resignation  of  Mr.  W.  0.  Rooi-i;R,  their  technical 
manager.  Mr.  Rooper  is  opening  oliioea  at  30,  College  Street. 
Cannon  Street,  London,  B.C.,  where  he  will  act  as  adviser  to  several 
well-known  mining  companies. 

Mr.  it.  L. KiRiiY  Johnson,  late  of  Loiley  >t  Co.,  Ltd.,  Leeds,  ban 
now  joined  the  British  Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing 
Co.,  Ltd.,  and  will  be  attached  to  the  Glasgow  branch  in  sharge  of 
the  supplies  department  for  Scotland. 

The  British  Westinghouse  Co.'s  detail  department  held  their 
annual  supper  and  smoker  on  the  20th  ult.,  under  the  chairman- 
ship of  Mr.  J.  Currie,  the  general  foreiiian  of  the  deportment. 
Advantage  of  the  occasion  was  taken  to  "send  off"  Mr.  II.  R. 
ScHULTZ,  the  chief  switchboard  designer,  who  is  leaving  to  take  up 
an  important  post  in  Sweden.  He  was  presented  with  a  gold 
watch  on  behalf  of  the  oflSce  staff,  and  with  a  silver-mounted 
umbrella  by  the  works  staff.  A  silver  entree  dish  and  a  pipe  al«o 
were  presented  to  Mr.  W.  A.  Coate?,  the  head  of  the  switchgear 
sales  section,  who  is  leaving  for  Canada  early  in  the  New  Year. 

Mr.  R.  C.  Hour,  of  Paris,  and  Mb.  C.  W.  Davson,  of  London, 
directors  of  the  Warner  International  and  Overseas  Engineering 
Co.,  Ltd.  were  passengers  by  ss.  Curmania,  which  left  Liverpool  on 
Saturday  for  New  York. 

Mr.  Clai  de  Cromptox.  manager  of  the  lamp  shop  of  Crompton 
and  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  severed  his  connection  with  the  company. 

The  Postmaster-General  has  appointed  Mb.  W.  G.  C.  Kirkwood, 
Principal  Clerk  in  the  Secretary's  Office  of  the  Post  Office,  to  be 
Secretary  of  the  Post  Office  in  Scotland,  in  place  of  Sir  Edward 
Redford,  C.B.,  who  retired  from  the  service  on  December  3l8t. 

The  Times  states  that  Mr.  Andrew  Wilson  Tait  and  Mb. 
Harby  Fbed  Lee  Oecutt  have  been  elected  to  the  board  of 
Fraser  .t  Chalmers. 

The  marriage  took  place  on  December  26th,  at  Lostwithiel 
(Cornwall)  Wesleyan  Church,  of  Me.  Tiios.  Henry  Varcoe  and 
Miss  Martha  Jennings,  younger  daughter  of  the  late  Mr.  John 
Jennings,  of  Restormel,  Lostwithiel. 

Mb.  Rollo  Appleyard,  departmental  manager  at  the  works  of 
the  India-Rubber,  Gutta-Percha  and  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd., 
Silvertown,  has  been  appointed  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  West 
Ham. 

In  the  New  Year  Honours  List  we  observe  that  "  Paul  Jouannes 
Bruhl,  Esq.,  D.Sc,  M.I.EE.,  F.G.S.,  F.C.S.,  Professor  of  the  Civil 
Engineering  College,  Sibpur,  Bengal,"  has  been  appointed  to  Com- 
panionship of  the  Imperial  Service  Order.  Lieut. -Col.  H.  A.  Yoeke, 
C  B  ,  Chief  Inspecting  Officer  of  Railways  under  the  B.  of  T.  since 
IDOO,  receives  the  honour  of  knighthood.  Dr.  Francis  Darwin, 
F.R  S.,  president  of  the  British  Association  in  1908,  has  also  been 
made  a  knight.     Congratulations  to  these  gentlemen. 

Obitoary. — Mr.  Edward  Tvkr. — "We  regret  to  record 

that  the  death  occurred  on  Christmas  night,  in  his  83rd  year,  of 
Mr.  Edward  Tyer,  of  Tunbridge  Wells,  Assoc.  18G1  Inst.C.E . 
M.I  E.E.,  F.R.M.S.,  F.R  G.S.,  kc,  and  the  funeral  took  place  on 
Monday  last,  at  Busbridge,  near  Godalming.  The  Tiw*'.',  in  the 
course  of  a  full  obituary  of  the  deceased,  published  in  its  issue  of 
December  28th,  says  that  he  "did  more  perhaps  than  any  man  now 
living  to  ensure  by  efficient  signalling  the  safety  of  railways 
passengers,  and  .  .  also  first  gave  to  the  people  of  London 
the  facilities  of  telegraphic  intercommunication.'  It  appears  that 
his  first  interest  in  electrical  matters  was  due  to  a  Mr.  Dempster,  who 
kept  a  private  school  at  Chiswick,  and  the  interest  thus  begun  was 
easily  stimulated,  and  soon  became  almost  a  passion  After  an  attempt 
at  office  life,  he  returned  to  the  interest  in  electrical  apparatus,  and  in 
1852,  when  he  was  22  years  of  age,  he  patented  an  invention  "by 
which  an  engine  driver  approaching  a  station  automatically  gave  to 
the  station  inspector  an  electrical  warning  of  his  approach," 
receiving  a  reply  indicating  his  right  course  of  action.  In  associa- 
tion with  others  he  formed  the  Railway  Electric  Signals  Co.. 
and  "  invention  followed  invention,  and  his  system  of  block 
signalling  became  widely  known. "  The  ?('«/«  writer  continues  : — 
'■  In  1878  Tyer  took  out  a  patent  for  an  improved  system  of 
electrical  control,  which  came  to  be  distinctively  known  as  the 
tablet  system,  and  has  been  very  widely  adopted."'  Further,  "  he 
advanced  the  cause  of  public  telegraphic  communication.  Before 
1859,  while  trunk  lines  and  cables  had  their  terminal  offices  in 
London,  they  were  not  linked  up  with  each  other.  The  inhabitants 
of  London  could  not  communicate  with  each  other  at  all  by 
telegram,  and  if  they  wanted  to  use  trunk  lines  or  cables  had  to  go 
to  the  offices.  Tyer  saw  the  possibility  of  linking  up  these  offices 
and  of  establishing  subsidiary  offices  throughout  London  from  and 
to  which  any  pprson  could  telegraph.  The  London  District  Tele- 
graph Co.  was  formed  in  January,  1859,  under  the  chairmanship  of 
Samuel  Gurney,  M.P.,  with  Sir  Charles  Bright  as  consulting 
engineer.  To  Tyer  was  given  the  post  of  electrical  engineer,  and 
the  laying  down  of  underground  and  overhead  wires  and  the  manu- 
facture of  instruments  devolved  upon  him.  Thus  was  established 
the   foundation    of    what    afterwards    was    perfected    under  the 


•28 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,      [voi.  72.  No.i,832,jANtJABY  3,1913. 


brilliant  mauag-ement  of  an  old  Bignallinfr  competitor,  Sir  William 
Preece,  and  became  the  postal  teleg^raph  service  in  London,  which 
absorbed  all  privately-owned  systems. ' 

Mh.  C.  II.  GADfsnv.— We  deeply  regrret  to  record  the  death, 
which  has  occurred  at  the  early  age  of  46  years,  after  a  prolonged 
Ulness,  of  Mr.  Cbas.  Herbert  Gadsby,  Wh.Sch.,  M.IE.E.,  M.I.M.E., 
consulting  en^rineer,  of  20,  Victoria  Street,  London,  S.W.  He 
passed  away  on  December  21th,  at  Faruham,  Surrey.  Mr.  Uadsby 
began  his  career  as  an  apprentice  at  the  Falcon  Works,  Lough- 
borough, and,  winning  a  scholarship,  he  went  to  Nottingham 
University  for  a  year  or  two,  afterwards  returning  to  the  Lough- 
boroagh  Works  to  finish  his  term.  Later  he  went  to  Madras  for 
Messrs.  Cronipton  \  Co.,  Ltd.,  in  connection  with  the  electric 
tramway  system  there,  after  which  he  came  home  and  started  as  a 
consulting  engineer.  He  was  responsible  in  that  capacity  for  work 
done  for  the  British  Klectrio  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.,  the  design  and 
coostraction  of  the  Devonport  tramways,  and  the  Burton  and 
Ashby  light  electric  railway  for  the  Midland  Railway  Co.  His 
death  at  so  early  an  age  is  greatly  to  be  deplored. 

Mh.  F.  a.  Ha.viltos. — We  learn  with  regret  o£  the  death, 
which  occurred  at  Halifax,  Xova  Ssotia,  on  December  19th,  at  the 
age  of  72  years,  of  Mr.  Frederick  A.  Hamilton.  Mr.  Hamilton  was 
born  in  Kent,  England,  and  in  his  early  years  he  was  in  the  British 
Mercantile  Marine,  and  visited  .^icily  in  18(i0-69.  When  Garibaldi 
was  organising  an  army  for  the  liberation  of  Rome,  he  joined 
Garibaldi's  "  thousand,"  landed  in  Italy,  and  marched  on 
Rome.  The  Garibaldians  were  defeated  by  the  French  and 
Pontifical  troops  ;  Hamilton  was  taken  prisoner,  and  held  for  some 
time  in  "  honourable  detention''  by  the  Italian  Government.  The 
unity  of  Italy  under  Victor  Emmanuel  wa-s  subsequently  effected 
and  the  Garibaldians  released.  Mr.  Hamilton  was  afterwards  em- 
ployed by  the  Anglo- Mediterranean  Telegraph  Co.  at  Messina,  from 
whence  at  the  end  of  1 869  he  returned  to  London  where  he  joined  the 
electrical  staff  of  the  Telegraph  Construction  and  Maintenance  Co.. 
and  took  part  in  several  cable  expeditions  in  different  parts 
of  the  world.  He  first  visited  Xorth  America  in  the  summer  of 
1872  in  the  cable  ship  Tow-ovi,  belonging  to  the  same  company, 
which  laid  cables  betw'eenPlacentia,  Newfoundland,  and  Sydney,  Cape 
Breton  Island.  During  this  expedition  his  left  hand  was  injured,  and 
he  entered  the  French  Hospital  at  St.  Pierre,  Miquelon,  where  the 
thumb  was  amputated.  He  afterwards  joined  the  Anglo-American 
service  and  was  chief  electrician  of  thec.s.  Miiihi  for  nearly  20  years. 
He  resigned  from  that  company  and  started  as  a  consulting  elec- 
trician at  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  and  was  employed  by  the  United 
States  Government  for  some  time  on  their  c,s.  Ilunixide  in  the  ex- 
tension and  maintenance  of  the  inter-island  submarine  cable  systen 
in  the  Philippines.  After  the  completion  of  this  work  he  joined 
the  service  of  the  Commercial  Cable  Co.  as  chief  electrician  of  that 
company's  c.s.  Machay  Bonnett,  and  held  that  position  until  his 
death.  Sir.  Hamilton  probably  tested  and  repaired  more  broken 
cables  than  any  other  man  in  the  world.  He  was  highly  respected, 
a  general  favourite,  and  had  a  host  of  friends.  Through  his  resi- 
dence in  Italy  he  had  a  great  fondness  for  Italian  literature.  He 
was  a  man  of  scholarly  and  artistic  tastes,  and  was  conversant  with 
several  modern  languages.  He  leaves  a  widow,  a  daughter  of  Judge 
Johnson,  of  Halifax.  N.S.,  to  mourn  his  loss. 


McWhirter  &  Son  (Cardiff),  Ltd.  (126,098).— This  company 

Wfts  registered  on  December  2lBt,  with  a  cftpital  of  i:5,000  in  ;C1  shRres  (3  000 
preference),  to  carry  on  the  businesB  of  electricians,  mechanical  engineers, 
suppliers  of  electricity  for  light,  heat,  motive  power  or  otberwiBC,  4o.  The 
subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are :— A.  8.  McWhirter,  214,  Holm  Street, 
Glasgow,  electrical  engineer;  Annie  Beddle,  214,  Holm  Street,  Glasgow, 
cashier.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than 
two  or  more  than  five;  the  subscribers  are  to  appoint  the  flrEt.  Solicitorfi, 
Oattn  &  Rodger.  Glasgow.  Registered  by  Blyth,  Dutton,  Hartley  *  Blyth.  U2, 
Gresham  House,  E.G.  j     ■       i 

National  Electric  and  Motor  Corporation,  Ltd.  (126,074).— 

This  company  was  repjistered  on  December  20th,  with  a  capital  of  £500  in  £\ 
shares,  to  take  over  the  business  of  the  Contolidated  fcfectric  Works  and 
Appliances,  Ltd.  (incorporated  in  190!»),  carried  on  at  Northampton  Grove, 
Canonbury,  and  the  vendors'  interest  in  a  British  patent  granted  to  O.  Ottino 
for  improvements  in  rotary  valve  engines.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share 
each)  are  :— J.  Crawford.  10,  Wine  Office  Court.  E.G.,  publisher:  E.  8.  Fry. 
87,  Gondar  Gardens,  Hainpstead,  clerk;  J.  MoLaicn.  8,  Heme  Grove, 
Peckham,  S.E.,  traveller;  H.  P.  Collins,  110,  Leigh  Road  West,  Leighon-8ea, 
cigar  merchant;  T.  E.  Ward,  3,  Wallace  Gardens,  Canonbury,  N.,  company 
director;  F.  H.  8himmell,  .tOA,Glenfleld  Road,  Balham,  8.W.,  clerk  ;  J.  Camp, 
jun.,  14,  Serjeants'  Inn,  E.C..  clerk.  Minimum  cash  subscription  26  per  cent, 
of  the  shares  offered  to  the  public.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less 
than  two  or  more  than  seven  ;  the  first  are  T.  E.  Ward  and  four  others,  to  be 
appointed  by  the  subscribers  ;  qualiflcation,  100  shares.  Registered  by  C. 
Doubble,  14,  Serjeant*'  Inn.  E.C. 


OFFICIAL    RETUBNS    OF    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


United  Slierardizing,  Ltd.— Particulars  of  dE10,000  debentures, 

created  September  Sod,  1912,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  98  (3)  of  the  Companies' 
(Consolidation)  Act,  1908,  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being  i'2,000. 
Property  charged  :  The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and 
future,  including  uncalled  capital.    No  trustees. 

Grindell-Mattliews  Wireless  Telephone  Syndicate,  Ltd.— 

Charge  on  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and  future,  dated 
December  9th,  1912,  to  secure  a  premium  of  10  per  cent,  upon  an  issue  of  i'2,500 
debentures,  part  of  a  series  of  i3,SC0.  Holder  :  Olto  Beit,  Warnford  Court, 
E.C. 

"White  Bros.  &  Shaw,  Ltd.— Debenture  dated  November  2.5th, 

1912,  to  secure  i'800,  charged  on  the  company's  undertaking  and  property, 
present  and  future,  Holder:  Miss  I.  A,  Andrews,  Fair  View.  Alvestoke, 
Hants. 

Yorkshire    "Waste    Heat  Co.,    Ltd.— Particulars  of  £25,000 

debenture  stock,  created  December  8rd,  and  secured  by  trust  deed  dated 
December  4th,  1912,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  98  (3)  of  the  Companies'  (Consolida- 
tion) Act.  1908;  the  whole  amount  being  now  issued.  Property  charged  :  Land 
in  Batugh  Parish,  Yorks..  with  buildings  thereon,  present  and  future.  4c. 
(Power  is  reserved  to  release  part  of  the  mortgaged  property,  if  trustees  are 
satisfied  that  stockholders'  security  will  not  be  prejudiced.)  Trustees:  F.J. 
Kitson,  Gledhow  Grove,  Leeds;  and  H.  I.  Bowring, Blackwood  Moor,  Allerton. 

Argentine  Tramways  and  Power  Co.,    Ltd.— Trust  deed 

dated  December  2nd.  1912,  to  secure  ;£250,000  debenture  stock,  charged  on  the 
company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and  future,  including  uncalled 
capital  (if  any).  Trustees:  C.  W.  Trotter.  Basildon  House,  Moorgate  Street, 
E.C,  and  W.  8.  Poole,  8,  Princes  Street,  E.C. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Acton   Lamp,  Ltd.— Issue  on    December   11th,  1912,  of  £800 
debentares,  part  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have  already  been  filed. 


Asnncion  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.  (126,196), 

—Registered  December  28th,  by  Ashurst,  Morris,  Crisp  &  Co.,  17,  Throgmorton 
Avenue,  E.C.  Capital,  XCOO.OCO  in  £1  shares  (3C0,000  preference).  Obleots  ; 
To  carry  on  the  business  of  a  tramway,  light  and  power  company  in  all  its 
branches,  to  apply  for,  purchase  or  otherwise  acquire,  work  and  turn  to 
account,  any  Parliamentary,  municipal  or  otherconcessions.  orders,  rights  and 
powers  in  Paraguay  or  elsewhere,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  the  Para- 
guay Central  Railway  Co.,  Ltd.  The  signatories  (with  one  share  each)  are  :— 
F.  W.  Cowham,  118,  Minard  Road,  Hither  Green,  8.E.,  clerk;  8.  H,  Pen- 
warden,  80,  Peteiborongh  Road,  Leyton.  rlerk;  F.  H.  Goodwin.  32.  Tottenhall 
Road.  Palmer's  Green,  N.,  clerk;  R.  Dolby,  19,  Park  View  Crescent,  New 
Southgate,  N.,  clerk  ;  P.  H.  Wiggins,  141,  Station  Road,  Finchley,  N.,  clerk; 
F.  J.  Prosser,  .W,  Devonshire  Road,  Merton,  S.W..  clerk  ;  A.  T.  Filer.  88,  Helm- 
leigh  Road,  Stamford  Hill,  N.,  clerk.  Minimum  cash  subacripton  seven  shares. 
The  directors  are  to  number  not  less  than  three  or  more  than  seven.  The 
Paraguay  Central  Railway  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  the  permanent  right  to  appoint  and 
remove  two  directors.  The  other  first  directors  are  to  be  appointed  by  the 
signatories  ;  qualification.  i;200  ;  remuneration  as  fixed  by  the  company. 
The  company  takes  power  to  pay  not  more  than  60  per  cent,  underwriting 
commission. 

Xo'Lines  MannTactiiring  Co.,  Ltd.  (126,07.'",).— This  company 

wu  registered  nn  December  20tb,  with  a  capital  of  £8,1X10  in  £1  Ehares,  to 
■cqnirc  and  develrp  the  patent  and  other  rights  relating  to  a  telephone 
recorder,  a  "  telltale  lork,"  and  a  calculating  marhine,  the  invention  of  C.  C. 
Chapman,  together  with  the  goodwill  and  assets  of  iheNu-Liren  Manufacturing 
Co.,  of  Leicester.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  :— J.  Thomas. 
Rowton  Buildings,  11,  Iv>wling  Green  Street,  Leicester,  accountant;  Q. 
Ineaon,  22,  Charles  Btreci,  Leicester,  rag  and  waste  merchant.  Private  com- 
pany. The  number  of  dlrc-iors  is  not  to  be  less  ihan  two  or  more  than  five ; 
ihefinitareC.  C.  Chapman  and  G.  Inesob;  qualification,  £fj0.  Registered 
office.  11,  Bowling  Green  btreet,  Leicester. 

J.  W.  Brettall,  Ltd.  (I26,00r,)— This  company  wa?  registered 

on  December   18ih,   with   a  capital   of    £1,000  in  £1   shares  (SCO  6  per  cent, 

firef.),  to  carry  on  the  business  of  electrical  engineers  and  contractors,  and 
Ighting,  heating  and  ventilating  specialists,  Ac,  The  subscribers  (with  one 
share  each)  are  :— J.  W.  Brettell,  l>i,  Adam  Street,  W.C,  electrical  engineer; 
P.  W.  B.  Napier,  Thirlettonc,  Selkirk,  N.B„  gentleman.  Private  company. 
The  fint  directors  arc  J,  W.  Brettell  and  F,  W,  S.  Napier.  Registered  office, 
18,  Adam  Btreci,  W.C, 


New  Phonoporc  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.-  Capital  £10,000  in 

9,000  ord.  and  1,000  founders'  shares  of  £1  each.  Return  dated  November  7th, 
1912 ;  7,141  ord.  and  1,000  founders'  shares  taken  up  ;  £1  per  share  called  up  on 
6,141  ord.  and  GOO  founders'  shares;  £lj,731  paid,  leaving  £10  in  arrears  ;  £1.400 
considered  as  paid  on  1,000  founders'  and  400  ord.  Mortgages  and  charges : 
£3,700. 

Pacific  and  European  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd.— Capital  £100,000 

in  £10  shares.  Return  dated  November  2Gth,  1912.  All  shares  taken  up;  M 
per  share  called  up;  £40,000  paid.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  £72.400. 

New    St.   Helens    and    District   Tramways    Co.,    Ltd.— 

Capital  £150,000  in  £.5  shares  (20,000  prof.,  and  10,000  ord.).  Return  dated 
November  9th,  1012.  15,980  pref.  and  9,000  ord.  shares  taken  up.  £125,410 
paid,  including  £510  on  1,020  forfeited  shares.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 

Ferrnnti,  Ltd.— Trust  deed  dated  November  Ist,  1912,  enpple- 

mental  to  trust  deed  dated  July  24th,  1905,  and  February  2oth,  1910,  securing 
£50  000  5  per  cent,  first  mortgage  debenture  stock  charged  on  leasehold 
hereditaments  and  premise!,  in  FaMsworth  and  the  company's  undertakings 
and  property,  present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.  Trustees : — 
H.  R.  Boyce,  Winchester  House,  E.G.,  and  W.  Jones,  manager  of  Parr's  Bank, 
Manchester.  Also  trust  deed  of  even  date  to  secure  £50.000  600  five-year 
notes  of  £  100  each  carrying  interest  at  6  per  cent,  per  annum,  charged  on  above- 
mentioned  6  per  cent,  first  mortgage  debenture  stock.  Trustees :  Trust  Union, 
Ltd,,  18,  AuBtin  Friars,  E.C. 

Titchfleld  and  District  Lighting,  Ltd.— A  memorandum  of 

satisfaction  to  the  extent  of  £900  on  December  14th,  of  debentures  dated 
February  27tb,  1U12,  securing  £2,600,  haa  been  Sled. 

Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  Ltd. — A  memorandum  of  satis- 
faction to  the  extent  of  £2,800  on  December  18th,  1912,  of  tiu«t  deed  and 
supplemental  deeds  dated  from  July  27th,  1004.  to  October  37th,  1909,  Becaring 
£200,000  debenture  stock,  has  been  filed. 

Oriental  Telephone  and  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— A  memorandum 

of  ta  isfaction  to  the  extent  of  £1,000  on  December  18th,  1912,  of  trust 
deed  a  id  supplomcntal  deed  of  acknowledgment  dated  June  38th.  inOTi,  and 
Jane  1  Ith,  1907.  respectively,  securing  £300.000,  has  been  filed. 


Vol.72.  No.  1,832.  jancabyh,  i9i:t.]      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


29 


CITY    NOTES. 


Netalitr,  Ltd. 

Mil.  W.  SmwAllT  (chairman)  prosided  on  Tuesday  at  20-22, 
Chrisftophor  Street,  Vi.C,  over  the  Becond  annual  meetini?  of  the 
Metalito  Co.  Thoro  watt  no  report  or  accountH  preHenttd,  an  it  wbh 
Mtatnl  in  the  notice  conveninir  the  nieetintr  that  the  audit  wan  not 
complete,  and  it  was*  proposed  to  adjourn  the  mectin^c  till  February 
2Sth.     There  were  aliout  20  shareholders  prcHent. 

The  CiiAiH.MAN  said  :  LadicB  and  pentlcmen,  this  meetinp  ha« 
been  called  solely  to  comply  with  the  terms  of  the  Companies'  Con- 
solidation Act,  1908,  which  necessitates  an  annual  general  nieetinff 
bein);  held  before  the  end  of  the  calendar  year.  You  will  remember 
that,  at  the  last  annual  general  meeting,  a  point  was  made  of  the 
fact  that  this  company  had  then  secured  the  option  of  the  purchase 
of  the  exclusive  riti;hts  in  this  country  for  th^e  production  of  a  new 
filamont,  which  the  directors  believe  will  be  better  than  any  other 
oxistinp  filament.  You  will  be  prlad  to  hear,  therefore,  that  the 
neijotiations  have  been  satisfactorily  concluded,  and  that  this  com- 
pany now  hold  the  sole  licence  for  the  United  Kingdom  to  manu- 
facture the  filament  known  as  the  Boran  filament.  Prior  to 
sigfninp  the  contract,  a  (jreat  deal  of  experimental  work  was  done 
in  our  own  laboratory,  and  the  directors  feel  assured  that  once 
in  the  position  to  put  the  lamps  in  large  quantities  on  the 
market,  they  are  on  the  right  road  for  making  a  substantial  profit. 
Owing  to  a  notice  in  a  journal,  the  company  has  been  practically 
inundated  with  orders  for  this  new  larapj  and  it  seems  only  a  matter 
of  the  company  having  sufficient  funds  to  turn  out  the  lamps  in 
resrular  quantities  in  order  to  yield_  very  handsome  results.  For 
all  practical  purposes,  the  mannfacture  of  the  new  lamp  commenced 
from  November  Ist,  1912,  and  thus  the  directors  considered  it  best 
that  the  accounts  for  the  present  financial  period  should  be  made  up 
to  October  Slst  instead  of  .July  ^\^t,  and  it  is  for  this  reason  that 
we  propose  to  put  a  resolution  to  the  meeting  asking  them  to 
adjourn  it  until  February  2Sth  next,  when  the  accounts  will  be 
available,  and  I  shall  then  have  much  pleasure  in  giving  full 
particulars  regarding  them.  However,  I  regret  to  add  that  owing 
to  exceptional  difticulties  and  lack  of  financial  resources,  the 
directors  will  not  be  able  to  recommend  the  payment  of  a  dividend 
for  such  period.  I  now  beg  to  move  that  this  meeting  do  stand 
adjourned  until  Friday,  February  28th  next,  at  this  warehouse 
at  11.30. 

Mr.  Lee  (a  shareholder)  seconded  the  motion. 

Mr.  Harrison  :  I  will  propose  an  amendment,  that  the  meeting 
be  not  adjourned  until  a  Committee  of  inquiry,  or  some  inquiry 
into  the  accounts  of  the  company  is  made. 

A  Director  :  That  amounts  to  a  direct  negative. 

The  motion  was  then  put  and  carried,  with  three  dissentients. 

The  Chairmak:  I  declare  this  meeting  adjourned  accordingly 
until  February  28th  next. 

Mr.  Harrison  ;  Can  I  ask  further  questions  on  the  position  of 
the  company  .' 

The  Chairman  :  The  meeting  is  now  concluded. 

Mb.  Harrison  :  But  outside  the  meeting  .' 

The  Chairman  :  Mr.  Harrison,  if  you  will  come  to  me  I  shall  be 
pleased  to  answer  questions. 

Mb.  Harrison  :  I  have  asked  previous  questions  and  got  no 
satisfaction.    This  is  a  serious  matter. 

Mr.  Dunlop  (a  shareholder)  :  This  is  quite  irregular.  If  this 
gentleman  wants  any  information,  he  is  able  to  ask  you  for  it.  It 
is  not  to  the  interests  of  any  member  of  this  company  that  any 
person  should  get  up  and  make  statements  which  may  be  calculated 
to  injure  our  interests.  We  are  here  to  consider  our  own  interests, 
and  I  object  to  allowing  any  gentleman  to  injure  them,  and  if  it  is 
information  he  really  wants,  he  can  easily  obtain  it  by  acquiring  it 
at  the  proper  place. 

Mr.  Harrison  :  No,  Mr.  Dunlop,  1  can  t. 

A  Shareholder  :  Mr.  Stewart,  allow  me  to  congratulate  you  on 
your  successful  tactics. 

The  meeting  then  closed. 


Brjant  Trading'  Syndicate,  Ltd.— The  annual  meet- 
ing of  this  company  was,  we  understand,  held  at  8-9,  Broad  Street 
Avenue,  London.  E.G.,  on  Tuesday,  and  was  adjourned  until  March 
7th.  In  a  circular  issued  under  date  December  23rd,  signed  by 
"  Wm.  Stewart,"  it  was  stated  : — "The  reason  the  directors  desire 
the  meeting  to  be  adjourned  is  that  they  have  certain  plans  and 
negotiations  on  hand  which  will,  I  believe,  mature  during  the  next 
two  months,  and  which  they  consider  would  be  of  benefit  to  the 
shareholders  of  this  syndicate."  After  referring  to  other  matters 
in  which  the  syndicate  is  interested,  the  circular  continued  : — 
"  With  regard  to  Metalite  shares,  as  you  are  aware,  we  still  hold 
some  30  000  fully-paid  shares  in  this  company,  in  addition  to  00,000 
partly  paid,  and  as  Metalite,  Ltd.,  are  in  the  fortunate  position  of 
having  a  new  lamp  and  in  view  of  the  large  number  of  orders 
offered  them,  it  is  believed  that  they  will  shortly  be  suflBoiently 
financed  to  place  them  in  a  sound  position,  so  that  that  part  of  the 
assets  of  this  company  should  be  of  considerable  value.  In  con- 
clusion, I  wish  to  point  out  that  my  co-directors  with  mytelf,  in 
view  of  their  belief  in  the  ultimate  success  of  this  company,  have 
personally  assisted  by  way  of  loans  in  addition  to  giving  their 
personal  guarantee  in  many  matters  in  order  to  enable  the  com- 
pany to  continue  and  with  a  view  of  its  ultimate  success,  this 
personal  liability  amounting  to  over  £20,000.'"  The  circular  is 
signed  "  Y'ours  fraternally." 


Itlackpool,  Lytham  and  St.  Annes  Tramways  Co. 

At  the  annual  mcetinjf  at  Blackpool,  on  Monday  lout  week,  .Mr 
(IriOTgo  NicholHon  (Liverpool),  who  prcHidrrd,  iiaid  they  could  not 
congratulate  themiwlvcs  on  the  reiiult  of  the  year  m  working.  The 
year  opened  with  gn-at  encouragement,  the  receipt*  for  the  flr«t  nix 
montliH  being  £1,07'J  up,  but  unncttled  weather  for  four  monthM  in 
the  Bumnicr  scaHon  cauned  a  decreawj  In  revenue  of  £2,'JtiH,  while 
the  expenditure  had  iiicn;nn<;d  by  £1,377  on  a<:count  of  upkeep  nf 
permanent  way,  so  that  them  waH  a  Hhortage  of  £1,100,  an  com- 
pared with  r.tl  1.  He  complained  that  the  Corporation  of  BlackfKXjl 
charged  them  2d.  per  unit  for  electrical  energy,  wherca«  the 
average  price  all  over  the  country  wa-s  I'lOd.  per  unit.  It  w«« 
absolutely  essential,  he  continued,  that  they  should  renew  a  portion 
of  the  track  at  a  cost  of  £2,000.  They  had  to  face  increaned  'X)gt 
of  materials,  and  the  additional  burden  impnsed  by  the  Insurance 
Act.  The  report  was  adopted,  and  Mr.  T.  Blane,  of  Blackpool,  wa« 
re-elected  chairman  of  directors.  Arising  out  of  a  portion  of  the 
report  announcing  that  the  trustees  of  the  debcnture-holdern.  upon 
the  recommendation  of  the  directors,  had  intimated  their  intention 
of  paying  li  per  cent,  on  account  of  the  arrears  of  interest  due  on 
the  debenture  stock,  and  to  enable  this  payment  to  be  made,  the 
annual  payment  to  the  sinking  fund  had  been  suspended  for  the 
year,  an  animated  discussion  took  place.  led  by  Mr.  Thos.  I'reston, 
of  St.  Annes,  who  suggested  that  the  Blackpool  Corporation  should 
take  over  the  tramway.  It  was,  he  said,  utterly  illogical  and 
absurd  that  shareholders  should  come  to  a  meeting  to  manage  a 
concern  in  which  they  had  not  a  farthing's  worth  of  interest.  The 
•  Chairman  said  the  debenture-holders  were  entitled  to  the  line 
until  they  were  paid  out,  and  in  view  of  the  cost  of  the  line,  and  the 
great  interest  arrears,  he  thought  there  was  no  chance  of  the  share- 
holders getting  a  penny.  A  committee  of  shareholders  w&s 
appointed  to  confer  with  the  directors,  to  see  if  some  improved 
position  could  be  devised. 


Me.iican  Fael  and  Power  Co. — The  directors'  report 

for  the  year  ended  September  30th  last,  states  (according  to  the 
Fiimncial  yews')  that  the  company  having  been  engaged  upon 
construction  work  only  during  the  period  covered  by  the  report, 
no  profit  and  loss  account  is  submitted.  The  issued  capital  of  the 
company  is  £70,000  in  20,0o0  preference  shares  of  £1  each,  and 
.50,000  ordinary  shares  of  £1  each,  leaving  30,000  preference  shares 
in  reserve.  In.  Decmber,  1911,  the  company  acquired  from  the 
vendors,  the  Peat  Industry  Co.,  a  concession  granting  rights  over 
the  large  peat  deposit  situated  at  Lake  Xochimilco,  about  12  miles 
from  Mexico  City.  The  area  covered  by  the  concession  is  over 
7,000  acres,  and  contains  a  practically  inexhaustible  supply  of 
raw  peat.  The  company  also  acquired  certain  plant  and  machinery 
for  the  manufacture  of  fuel  from  this  peat.  The  amount  expended 
by  the  Peat  Industry  Co.  prior  to  the  incorporation  of  this  com- 
pany on  plant,  machinery,  &c.,  was  estimated  at  £37,000,  and  the 
accounts  show  a  further  sum  of  £9,360  expended  up  to  September 
30th,  1912,  on  additional  buildings,  machinery,  power,  plant,  &c. 
The  work  of  erecting  the  additional  plant  has  been  carried  on 
energetically,  in  the  face  of  considerable  difliculties  and  delays  due 
to  the  political  disturbances  in  Mexico.  The  work  is  now  almost 
completed.  The  directors  anticipate  that  as  soon  as  the  plant  is  in 
full  working  order  an  output  of  about  £0  tons  of  fuel  a  day  may 
be  expected.  Already  several  inquiries  have  been  made  for  the 
company's  products  in  substantial  quantities. 

Stock  Exchange  Kotice s. — AppUcatiou  has  been  made 
to  the  Committee  to  allow  the  following  security  to  be  quoted  in 
the  Official  List  :— 

Cordoba  Light,  Power  and  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.— Farther  issue  of  187,653 
ordinary  shares  of  £1  each  fully  paid. 

The  Committee  has  (1)  appointed  special  settling  days  as 
under  : — 

Wednesday,  Januaiv  8th.— British  Columbia  Electric  Railway  Co.,  Ltd.— 
Further  issue  of  £200,U00  deferred  ordinal  y  stock;  t200,OCO  preferred  ordinary 
stock;  and  jE2(jO,000  5  per  cent,  cumulative  perpetual  preference  stock. 

Thursday  January  I6th.— Ccmpania  de  Jtlectricidad  de  la  Provincia  de 
Buenos  Ayres,  Ltd.— Further  issue  of  j«150.000  5  per  cent,  first  mortgase  gold 
bonds  ot  £20  each  (Nob.  37,501  to  45,000). 

And  (2)  ordered  the  undermentioned  securities  to  be  quoted  in 
the  Official  List  ;— 

British  Columbia  Electric  Railway  Co.,  Ltd.— Further  issue  of  ^200,000 
deferred  ordinary  stock ;  £200,000  preferred  ordinary  stock;  and  ±-200,000  6 per 
cent,  cumulative  perpetual  preference  stock.  „  ■, 

New  York  Telephone  Co.— £250,000  addilional !  J  per  cent,  first  and  general 
mortgage  bonds  of  ±'100  each  (Nos.  C37,501  to  40,000). 

Continental.— Oer MANY. — The  report  of  the   A.E.G. 

Lahmeyer-Werke  Gesellschaft,  of  Frankfort-am- Main,  for  the  last 
financial  year  shows  a  profit  of  £31,960,  as  compared  with  only 
£28,867  in  the  preceding  12  months.  A  dividend  of  6  per  cent,  la 
being  declared. 

Rio  de  Janeiro  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co.. 

Ltd.— The  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  of  1  i  per  cent. 

Sao  Paulo  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— 

The  directors  hove  declared  a  dividend  of  '2\  per  cent. 


80 


THE.    ELECTBICAL    REVIEW,     [voi.72.  no.  1,832,  januabt  3, 1913. 


MARKET     QUOTATIONS. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


It  should  be  remembered,  in  making  use  of  the  fipures  appearing 
in  the  following  list,  that  in  some  cases  the  prices  are  only  general, 
and  may  vary  according  to  quantities  and  other  circnmstances. 


Wednesday 

January  1st. 

CHEMICALS.  Ac. 

Latest 
Price. 

fortnight's 
Inc.  or  Deo. 

a  Acid,  Mydrochlorlo 

per  cwt. 

e/- 

a     „      Nitric  . .        « .        . .        > . 

22/. 
2jd. 

m     „     Oxalic            

per'lb. 

a     „      Sulphuric 

per  cwt. 

6/6 

a  Ammoniac  Sal        

i.           1 

42/- 

a  Ammonia,  Muriate  (large  crystal)  per  ton       i 

£29  10 

a  Bleaching  powder 

■<           I 

£5  10 

a  Bisulphide  ol  Carbon 

»t           ( 

£18 

a  Borax 

„ 

£16  10 

a  Copper  Sulphate 

, 

£2Ii  10 

a  Lead,  Nitrate          

„ 

£29  10 

£1  lOs.  inc. 

a      „      White  Sugar 

„ 

£26  10 

•       „      Peroxide 

£.sa 

e  Methylated  Spirit 

per  gal. 

2/6 

a  Potassium,  Bichromate,  in  casks 

per  lb. 

Sid. 

a  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %) 

per  ton 

£22  10 

■        „       Chlorate 

per  lb. 

.11- 

■        „       Perchlorate 

„ 

a  Potassium,  Cyanide  (98/100  %) . . 

„ 

7id. 

(for  mining  purposes  only) 

■  Shellac          

per  cwt. 

72/6 

a  Sulphate  of  Magnesia      

per  ton 

£4  10 

a  Sulphur,  Sublimed  Flowers 

„ 

£610 

a        „        Recovered 

,, 

£6  10 

a         „          Lump 

„ 

£5 

a  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/72  %)    . . 

„ 

£10  6 

■      „     Chlorate        

per  lb. 

89d. 

a      „      Crystals          

per  ton 

£3  6 

a  Sodium  Bichromate,  casks 

per  lb. 

8d. 

f^ETALS.  &c. 

b  Aluminium  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  . . 

per  ton 

£96 

b           „           Wire,  in  ton  lots    . . 

£112 

b           „           Sheet,  in  ton  lots   . . 

£120 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots 

jj 

£88  to  £146 

c  Brass  (rolled  metal  2*  to  12*  basis) 

per  lb. 

9d. 

c      „     Tube  (brazed) 

»id. 

c      „         „     (solid  drawn) 

c      „     Wire,  basis 

1^ 

9d. 

c  Copper  Tubes  (brazed) 

J, 

l/0»d. 

c        „           „      (solid  drawn) 

„ 

lUd. 

r       „      Bars  (best  selected) 

per  ton 

£92 

£2  inc. 

r       „       Sheet          

£92 

£2  inc. 

J       „      Rod 

£92 

£2  inc. 

d       „       (Electrolytic)  Bars 

„ 

£82 

d       „                 „           Sheets     . . 

£99 

d       H                 n           Hods 

£87 

d       „                 1,           H.C.  Wire 

per  lb. 

%'■ 

/  Ebonite  Rod           

„ 

/       „        Sheet         

4/9 

D  German  Silver  Wire 

1/10 

ft  Guttapercha,  fine 

„ 

h  India-rubber,  Para  fine  . . 

4;7 

Id. inc. 

1  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . . 

per  ton 

67/.'; 

83.  inc. 

/     „    Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual. 

,, 

£14 

]j  Lead,  English  Pig 

„ 

£18  6  toils  10 

dec. 

m  Manganin  Wire  No.  28  . . 

per  lb. 

6/6 

g  Mercury         

per  bot, 

£7  8  6 

e  Mica  (in  original  cases)  small   . . 

per  lb. 

6d.  to  8s. 

e      1.                n            ■•      medium 

8/6  to  6/- 

e      „               M            1.      large   . . 

„ 

7/6  to  11/- 

p  Phosphor  Bronze,  plain  castings 

„ 

1/2  to  1/4 

p         „            „    rolled  bars  &  rods 

1/a 

p         „           „  rolled  strip  &  sheet 

„ 

1/24 

o  Platinum       

per  oz. 

IS6f- 

d  Silicium  Bronze  Wire 

per  lb. 

lUd. 

Steel,  Magnet,  In  bars      . . 

per  ton 

£56 

g  Tin,  Block  (English) 

„ 

£231  10  to  £2:12  10 

£2Vnc. 

a    ,.     Wire,  Nob.  1  to  16    .. 

per  lb. 

2/9 

p  White  Anti-friction  Metals 

per  ton 

£46  to  £3.S0 

k  Zinc,  Sb't  (Vieillc  Montagne  bnd.) 

" 

£81  12  6 

Qnotatlone  Bopplied 

b:— 

a  a.  Boor  &  Co. 

/  Bolll 

ng  &  Lowe. 

b  The  British  AlumiDlom  Co,,  Ltd 

AMor 

ris  Asbby,  Ltd. 

c  ThoB.  Bolton  i  Sons,  Ltd. 

/Rich 

ard  Johnson  &  Nej 
T.  Glorer  4  Co.,  L 

phev-.  Ltd, 

d  Frederick  Smith  &  Co. 

m  W. 

td. 

e  P.  Wiggins  4  Sons. 

dP.  C 

rmiston  &  Sons 

f  Indla-Babber,  Ontta-Perchs   and        o  Job 

iBon,  Mattbey  4  C 

3.,  Lid 

Tcleirraiih  Works  Co.,  Ltd: 

P 

t  James  &  Bbakspeare, 
b  Edwud  TIU  *  Oo. 

rW.I 

r,  Dennis  4  Co. 

Llandudno  and  Colwyn  Ray  Electric  Kail^a.v  Co. 

Ltd.— The  directors  report  that  the  profit  for  the  year  to  November 
llOth,  1912,  oftcr  'providing  for  operating  and  admiiiistrntion 
expenses  and  interest  on  debenture  etock,  amounts  to  £6,023. 
The  amount  brought  forward  from  last  account  was  £714,  mnking 
(says  the  J-'mn/i/ii/l  Aiiix)  a  total  available  balance  of  £C),7r!7. 
Part  of  this  amount  has  been  ajiplied  as  follows:— In  placing  to 
depreciation  reserve  account  (making  a  total  to  date  of  f-l.OOO), 
£1,000;  in  writing  off  part  of  discount  and  expenses  of  issue  of 
debenture  stock,  £1,0C0,  leaving  £4,737,  which  the  directors 
recommend  should  be  applied  as  follows : — In  payment  of  a 
dividend  at  the  rate  of  :ij  per  cent  per  annum  (psyable,  less  income- 
tax,  on  January  31st,  r.»l3).  £3,47;),  leaving  to  be  carried  forward 
£1,258.  The  trafiBc  receipts  show  an  increase  of  £840  over  the 
previous  year. 


Jan.  2nd. 

Dec.  Slst. 

Rise  or  fall 

69 

S3 

+  14 

Hi 

84 

-  1 

BK 

83 

-*■  K 

31 

.S6* 

-f     6A 

46i 
8.1 

4^ 

+    6| 
+    63 

3i 

11 

+     A 

78 

98 

-f  16 

3? 

9 

4i 

+  t 
+  1 

■f  ■ 

+  4| 

H 

4-2 
17 

% 

113 

+  2 

•1 

75 

-t-    1 

li 

ri 

-1 

«■} 

se 

_ 

% 

l4 

-1   1 

9 

+    i 

Taosday  Evening. 
The  old  year  finishes  up  this  Tuesday  evenint;.  and  therefore  it  is 
possible  to  bring  our  usual  liste  of  comparisons  right  up  to  date. 
Week  by  week  the  various  features  in  the  markets  connected  with 
electrical  issues  have  been  duly  chronicled,  and  it  remains  now  only 
to  show  the  rises  and  falls  during  the  period  and  to  offer  regretful 
apologies  for  such  sins  of  commission  and  omission  as  have  crept 
in  or  out  of  these  weekly  artisles  throughout  the  time. 

With  which  prefatory  sentences,  let  us  proceed  to  unfold  the 
various  lists,  taking  first  of  all  that  which  embraces  the  Electric 
Railway  issues.  There  has  been  more  excitement  in  these  than  in 
any  other  market,  as  a  whole,  connected  with  the  electrical  industry, 
and  the  extension  of  the  Speyer  control  has  had  the  effect,  it  will 
be  noticed,  of  sharply  advancing  most  of  the  prices  concerned  :-  " 

Stock  or  share. 

Central  London  Railway,  Ordinary. . 
,,  ,,  Preferred 

.,  ,,  Deferred 

City  and  South  London,  Ordin»ry    . . 
Metropolitan  Railway,  Consol 
Metropolitan  District,  Ordinary 
Metropolitan  Electric  Trams,  Ordinary    . . 
Underground  Electric  Railways 

,.  „  „         CJo  Income 

Prices  have  been  considerablyhigher  than  those  set  out  in  the 
second  column  above,  but  they  still  show  material  improvement  on 
balance. 

Advances,  too,  are  general  in  the  list  of  electricity  supply  shares, 
where  sentiment  has  been  swayed  by  rumours  of  a  general  agree- 
ment between  the  companies  and  the  local  authorities,  as  to  which 
no  details  are  yet  available.  There  was  much  gambling  in  City  of 
London  shares  during  the  summer,  but  just  lately  speculation  haa 
died  down  in  them  to  a  large  extent,  and  the  price  has  dwindled  at 
the  same  time.  The  following  shows  the  course  of  the  market  in 
the  Ordinary  shares  of  some  of  the  leading  companies  :  — 

Ordinary  Share.  Jan.  2nd.  Dec.  Slst.  Rise  or  fall. 

Brompton  and  Kensington 
Charing  Cross,  West  End  and  City 

Chelsea        

City  of  London 

County  of  London 
Kensington  and  Knightsbridge 

London  Electric 

Metropolitan         

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall 
Westminster         

Some  of  the  biggest  movements  in  prices  have  occurred  in  the 
Latin-Canadian  section,  where  there  has  been  plenty  of  business 
for  the  greater  part  of  the  year,  and  where  those  who  got  in  early 
have  been  able  to  take  splendid  profits.  Here  again,  however, 
quotations  have  shown  a  tendency  to  sag  during  the  last  month  or 
so.  Several  important  schemes  of  amalgamation  have  been  success- 
fully carried  through — the  Brazilian  Traction  Company,  for 
instance,  is  the  outcome  of  the  consolidation  of  three  others — and 
this  is  a  policy  that  is  likely  to  be  extended.  Here  are  a  few  of  the 
figures  ;— 

Stock  or  share. 
Anglo  Argentine  Tram.  First  Pref. 
British  Columbia  Electric  Def. . . 
Canadian  General  Electric,  Com. 
Mexican  Light  and  Power,  Com. 
Mexico  Tramways,  Com. . . 
Montreal  Light,  Heat  and  Power 
Shawinigan  Water,  Cai>ital 

Marconi's  have  been  up  to  9i  and  down  to  3',,  finishing  the  old 
year  at  4ii,  a  rise  of  303.  on  balance.  National  Telephone  Deferred 
•  has  experienced  remarkable  adventures,  too.  flying  between  1C2  and 
120,  although  the  net  result  of  the  year  is  a  rise  of  no  more  than 
7'j  points.  This,  with  certain  other  representative  examples  in 
the  Telegraph  market,  is  shown  in  the  following  brief  table  :  — 

Stock  or  share. 

Anglo-American  Telegraph  Deterred 
Eastern  Telegraph  Ordinary  stock 

Eastern  Extension 

Marconi  Wireless  Telegraph 
National  Telegraph  Deferred    . . 
West  India  and  Panama  Telegraph  . 

The  manufacturing  division  has  jogged  along  in  rather 
unexciting  fashion,  as  six  or  seven  of  the  principal  shares  will 
sulfice  to  illustrate  ;  — 

Share. 

Babcock  &  Wilcox  .  . 

Calh-ndi-i's  Cable 

Dick,  Kerr  &  Co 

General  Electric  Preference     . 

Henlev's  Ordinary 

India-iUitibc-r.  G.-P.  4T 11  10  -     1 

Tulesraph  Construction 'ki  !l-).i  +      J 

Remains  it  now.  but  to  add  the  cordial,  if  conventional,  hope  of 
a  very  prosperous  New  Year  to  all  who  have  the  patience,  and  the 
fortitude,  to  follow  the  electrical  industry  and  its  industrious— 
more  or  less— pen-pushers. 


Jan.  2nd. 

Dec.  Slst. 

Rise  or  fall. 

5,', 

H 

-     A 

i;wi 

14U 

-I-     8 

112i 

116 

+     2S 

90 

85 

—    5 

12.--. 

112 

—  IS 

198 

220,', 

+  8H 

127 

115 

+   18 

Jan.  2nd. 

Dec.  .list. 

Rise  or  fall 

26} 

26 

-      1 

139?. 

134 .; 

-    6 

!:»: 

13i 



*      li 
+      7! 

Si 

l.'ll 

^1 
138i 

31i 


2nd. 

Doc.  Slst. 

Rise  or  fall 

Si 

3A 

:  it 

9*^ 

i 

-     4 

:  1 

Chili   TelepLone  Co..    Ltd.— luterim  dividend  at  the 
rate  of  •>  per  cent,  per  annum  (3s.  per  share)  for  the  past  half-year. 


Vol.72.  No.  1.8:12. januauy;),  19111.]     XHR    FiLECTRTCAL    REVIEW. 


;51 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELECTRICAL     COMPANIES, 


EKeLIHH    ELECTRICITY   SUPPLY   AND   POWER   COMPANIES. 


NABir, 


Bonrnomonth  4  Poole,  Ord,    . . 

Do.    44%Pref 

Do.    Second  6  %  Prof. 

Do.    4J  %  Dob.  Stock  . . 
Brompton  4  KonBlnBton,  Ord... 

Do.    7  %  Oum.  Pref 

Central  Electric  Snpply,  4  %| 

ChftrlnK  Orono,  West  End  4  City 

Do.    44%Ouni.  Pret 

Do.     "  City     Undertaking  "  1 
4i  %  Com.  Pref.  / 

Do.         Do.  4%  Deb 

Chelsea,  Ord 

Do.    4i%Deb 

City  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Deb 

Do.    H  %  Second  Deb. 
County  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    4J%Deb 

Do,    4}  %  Second  Deb. 
Edmondson's,  Ord. 

Do,    6  %  Cam.  Pref 

1)0.    6%  NonCum.  Pref. 

Do.    4^  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . . 
Folkestone 

Do.    B%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4i%  First  Deb 

Hove 


Stock 

DiTldends 

Share. 

tor 

• 

Iflll. 

1913. 

10 
10 

« 

44 

10 

H 

6 

stock 

th 

44 

s 

10 

91 

s 

T 

7 

too 

4 

4 

s 

6 

CI 

s 

*i 

44 

s 

a 

44 

100 

4 

4 

s 

6 

4( 

stock 

*>l 

4A 

10 

H 

6t 

10 

« 

0 

Stock 

e 

6 

100 

44 

44 

10 

6 

41 

10 

6 

6 

Stock 

*i 

\t 

Stock 

*l 

i'S 

Nil 

6 

Nil 

3 

5 

100 

44 

44 

6 

6 

6 

S 

5 

S 

100 

44 

44 

6 

9 

81 

Closing 

Rise 

Presonl 

Quota  tlons 

+  or 

Yield 

Deo.  nut. 

FaU 

P.O. 

t  1.  d. 

9*—  10 

83—    «i 

6    4    0    1 
4  12    4    1 

10  —  10, 

6  14     8 

96  —  <JH  xd 

1  11  to 

8i-    9 

6    8     1 

8  17    9 

fr,  -  98 

4     1     8 

4B-    5i 

4  17    7 

48-    4J 

4  14    9 

HJ-     4Sxd 

6    2  10 

92  —  94 

4    5     1 

U-     5 

5    0    0 

en  —  09  xd 

4  10  11 

16  —  18 

4    9    0 

12  -  13i 

4     9    0 

116  —150 

-2 

4    3     4 

i)9  —101 

-14 

4    9     1 

11*-  12 

5    0    0 

m-  m 

4  19    0 

1C3  -105  xd 

4     5    9 

98  -101 

4    6    3 

ft-       x".i 

-A 

Nil 

4  -  43 

-  4 

n-  13 

84  —  87 

6    8    6 

r  ^^ 

6  17    1 
4  17    7 

92-95 

4  14    9 

74—    8 

6  12    6 

Kensington  4  Enigbtsbridge,  Ord 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Kent  Elec.  Power,  4i  %  Deb.  .. 
London  Electric,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    4  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    . . 
Metropolitan  

Do.    4*  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4J  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . . 

Do.    34  %  Mort.  Deb 

Midland   Electric  Corporation  I 

4i  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Newoastle-on-Tyne  6  %  Pref., ) 

Non-Cum. ) 

North  Metropolitan  Power  Sup- 1 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.) ) 

Notting    Hill,    6  %  Non-Cnm.  1 

Pref.  I 

Oxford  

St.  Jamos'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

SmithSeld  Markets,  Ord. 
South  London,  Ord 

Do.    5  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    . . 
South  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref. . . 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    5  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4i  %  First  Mort.  Deb. . . 
Westminster,  Ord, 

Do.    44  %  Cum.  Pref 


6 

Stock 
Stock 

a 
s 

Stock 


Stock 
Stock 


E 
S 
B 

100 
E 
4 

100 
1 

100 

£3 


Dlvldcndi 
lor 


Cloilng 

BlM 

Qaotatlonf 
Dec.  Hill. 

+  or 
lUl 

78-    8i 

92  —  9& 

78-83 

11=  2* 

88  —  91 

H-    8J 

4  -     tixd 

(.7  -ICO  xd 

81  —  86  xd 

97  —  9)  xd 

41-    tl 

984-1014 

9^  -  lo;  xd 

64-    68 

94-  101 

el-  7| 

W  —  87  xd 

1»-    » 

n-  83 

f(i  —  99  xd 

^^=9^^^ 

4=4 

er,  —  88 

8|-    9i 
4J-    6Jxd 

COLONLAL  AND  FOBEieN  ELECTRICITY  SUPPLY  AND  POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pref 

Calcutta,  Ord 

Do.    5%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  Ist  Mori.  Bda. 
Canadian  Gen.  El.  Com, 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and  T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Eleo.Lt.andP.ofOochabamba,  1 

6  %  Bonds  I 

Bleo.  Snpply  Victoria,  6  %l8t) 

Mort.  Deb.  S 

Eleo.   Dot.  Ontario,  6    %    1st) 

Mort.  Bonds ) 

Ealgoorlle  Eleo.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Kaminlstiquia  Power,  B%  G.  Bs. 

Madras,  Ord.  

Melbourne,  B  %  1st  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt.,  5%  Ist  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do.    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  iBt  Mort.  Gold  Bds. 


E 

E 

E 

100 

$100 

$100 

1 

100 

100 


$B0O 

10/- 

I 

$500 

5 

100 

9100 
$100 


6»-    58 

B    6    8 

63-    7J 

5  19    4 

m-    6f', 

4  16    5 

944-  964 

+  4 

5     3    8 

118  -117   xd 

_ij 

B  19    8 

118  —122 

5  14    9 

^-    i% 

5    6    8 

95  -  98 

5    2    0 

92-  94 

6    7    8 

84  —  87    xd 

5  14  11 

954-  974 

5    3    7 

A-      A 

Nil 

A-   H 

6  14    6 

104  -105 

4  14    4 

14-   2 

100  —103   xd 

4  i7     1 

87  —  89 

+  4 

6  12    4 

83J-  864 

4  12    6 

103  —106 

6  12     1 

95  -  97 

5    3    1 

Monterey  Bly.  Light  4  Power, ) 

5  %  1st  Mort.  Deb.  I 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power   . . 

Northern,  Lt.,Powerand  Coal,  1 

B  %  1st  Mort,  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do,    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref,      . . 

Do.    5  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Boy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  4}  %  1 

iBt  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Shawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb, 
Vera  Cruz  Lt.,  P,  and  T.,  6  %  1 
1st  Mort.  Deb.  J 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref.  . . 
West  Eootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 
Ist  Mort.  6  %  Gold  / 


100 

E 

S 

eioo 

8 

9+ 

$500 

6 

5o 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

6 

» 

Do. 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

$100 

6 

5 

$500 

E 

6 

Stock 
Do. 

§ 

n 

100 

E 

E 

1 

Hid. 

178d. 

100 

6 

6 

864-  884 
227  —232 

25  —  30 
225  —235 

106  —111 
100  —102  xd 

98  —100 

143  —147 

107  —109 
100  -102 

984— 1004 

934-  964 

i?—  ii 
1034-1054 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amazon  Telegraph         . . 

Do.    B  %  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  &  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do.    CoUat.  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  ■  Portuguese   Tel.,  E  % ) 
Mort.  Deb.  / 

OtalU  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Stlg.  4%  Deb. 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do.     10  %  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.    10  %  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg.  Deb.  J 
Eastern  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do.    84  %  Pref.  Stock. . 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Eastern  Extension 

Do.    4  %  Deb. 


East  and  S.   Africa  Tel.  4  % ) 
Mt.  Db.  Mauritius  Sub.  / 
Globe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Great  Northern  Telegraph 
Indo-European  Telegraph 
Maokay  Companies  Common  . . 

Do,    4%  Cum.  Pref 

Klaroonl's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    T  %  Onm.  Partio.  Pref. 


10 

4 

4M 

stock 

E 

E 

$100 

8 

Bt 

$1000 

4 

4 

stock 

H 

H 

Do. 

B 

6 

Do. 

30/. 

100 

E 

6 

6 

7 

8 

Stock 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

4t 

5 

10 

10 

10 

B 

4 

100 

44 

44 

Stock 

7 

7t 

Do. 

84 

84 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7t 

Stock 

4 

4 

9E 

4 

4 

10 

6 

fit 

10 

6 

6 

10 

18 

18 

as 

18 

5+ 

$100 

5 

5 

$100 

4 

4 

1 

20 

1 

17 

7  -     7.V 

6    0    0 

97-99 

5     1     0 

141  —143   xd 

+  4 

5  11  11 

93  -  96 

4    4    3 

67  -  69 

4    7    0 

111  —112 

+  4 

5    7    2 

25a-  26J 

+  i 

6  14  10 

102  —104 

4  16    a 

74-    7a  xd 

5    3    3 

80-82    xd 

+  14 

4  17    7 

84-   94 

6    6    4 

16  -  17 

5  17    8 

Si-     8J 

5    6    8 

6|-    7  • 

7    2  10 

7-74 

6  13    4 

99  —101   xd 

+  2J 

4    9    0 

133  —136 

6    3    0 

77  -  79 

4    8    7 

96  —  98 

4    1     8 

13  —  134 

5     3    8 

96  —  98 

.. 

4    18 

98  —  101 

3 19  a 

ICi-lOJ 

5  10    4 

in-  m 

4  13    2 

274-  29i 

6    2    0 

56  -  58 

E  12     1 

85  —  88 

,, 

6  13    8 

67  —  70 

6  14    4 

1*1    f 

+  1 

4    3    4 

+  i 

4    0    0 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord. . , 

Do.    B  %  Pref 

National  Telephone  Def. 

New  York  Telep.,  44%  Gen.  Bnds, 

Oriental  Telep.  and  Elec. 

Do,    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4  %  Red.  Deb 

Pacific  and  European  Tel.,  4  % ) 
Guar.  Debs.  J 

Renter's        

Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  % ) 
Deb.  Red. ) 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    B  %  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to  1,600) 

guar,  by  Braz.  Bub.  Tel.  j 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg, 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  1st  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  and  Pref. 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %Fdg.  Bonds 


Stock 
100 


Stock 
Do. 

10 
Cert. 
Stook 

E 

6 

34 

100 

10 
10 
10 
100 
10 
stook 
$1000 


\i- 

^^. 

1 

h~ 

■^ 

137  - 

140 

,, 

97J- 

98i 

..     1 

1^4- 

1^ 

••     1 

1^- 

87- 

8i  xd 

98  - 

100  xd 

+2 

lOJ- 

11 

127  - 

180 

97  - 

99     xd 

7,V- 

m 

-^ 

Jk= 

BMxd 

+  rii 

964- 

994 

+  4 

3  - 

8* 

104- 

108 

Wr- 

10 

101  - 

103  xd 

■il 

13  — 

184  xd 

+  4 

94  - 

96   xd 

+  4 

97- 

100 

X 

Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid. 


a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants. 


i  Interim  Dividend. 


I  8s.  in  Fanded  Dividend  Certs 


CONTINUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


82 


TTTF.    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.  1,832,  jakuaby  3, 1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OP    ELECTRICAL    COMTANlES.-iCcnHnued.) 

ELECTBIC   RAILWAYS   AUD   TRAKWAT8.— HOME. 


HAMB, 


Bath  Trams,  Pret.  Ord 

Do.    B%Pre( 

Do.    44%Deb 

Brit.  Eleo.  Tr»o.,  6  %  Pref.     . . 

Do.        Do.  Deferred 

Do.        Do.  6%Cum.Pr'f. 

Do.  7%  NonCum.  Pr'f. 

Do.  6  0  .  Perp.  Deb.      .. 

Do.  *i  )(,  2nd  Deb. 

Oentral  Loiidon  Railway,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Def 

Do.    4%  Deb 

City  A  Bontb  London,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref.,  1891     .. 

Do.         Do.         1886    .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1903     .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Dublin  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 
Great  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Bastings  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 


Do.    4*  %  Deb. 
sle  of  Tna 


hanet  Trams,  B%  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  5  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Elec,  Railw'ys,  4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 


Stook 

Dividends 

Share. 

tor 

. 

1911. 

1913. 

1 

Mil 

Nil 

1 

6 

5 

100 

<^ 

H 

100 

100 

100 

fi 

6 

100 

100 

5 

6 

100 

«A 

tr 

100 

8 

100 

4 

4 

100 

a 

100 

4 

4 

100 

IB 

lil 

100 

b 

6 

100 

E 

5 

100 

6 

5 

100 

6 

B 

100 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6 

10 

Nil 

Nil 

1 

6 

61 

100 
E 

^ 

.1? 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

E 

100 

4 

4 

10 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

Cloelng 
Qnotatlons 
Dec.  81st. 


Hi-  i."5i 

5-7 

87-90 

89  —  42 

92  —  96 

77  —  81 

83  —  84 

83  —  85 

82  —  84 

98  —100  xd 

36-37 
109  —111 
109  —111 
109  -lil 
109  —111 

98  —100 

12  —  13 
2i—    23 

69  —  74 

24-  n 

75  —  95  xd 
79  —  80  xd 
94  —  96  xd 
5-6 
69  —  72  xd 


Rise 

Present 

+  or 

TIeld 

Fall 

P.O. 

— 

M  8.  d. 

NU 

6    8    1 

fi  11    1 

6  is    4 

5    4    2 

6    7    2 

+  1 

8  11    5 

4  14    2 

+  3 

9    7    7 

4    0    0 

+  1 

3  14     4 

4  10    1 

4  10    1 

4  10    1 

4  10    1    1 

4    0    0 

4  12    4 

NU 

8    6    8 

6    1     7 

4  15    3 

5    0    0 

6    5    0 

4     3    4 

-1 

5  11     1 

HAM>, 


Metropolitan  Railway  Oonsol, 

Do.    SarplDB  Lands    . . 

Do.    8i%Deb 

Do.    Bj  %  Pref 

Do.    8*%  Con.  Pref.  .. 
Metropolitan  District  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4  %  Prior  Lien 


Do.    U  %  First  Pref.  , 
Do.    84%Gtd. 


MetropoUtan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    Def 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    E%Pref 

Do.    44  %  Deb 

Booth  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pief. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground     Eleo,    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cam.  Inc.  Deb, 

Do.    4)  %  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Torkshlre  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 


DlTldends 
tor 


Closing 
Qnotatlons 
Dec.  31st. 


Blse 

+  or 
Fall 


Present 
Yield 
P.O. 


E3  -  534 

+  U 

63-64 

87  —  89 

85  —  87 

94  —  88 

404—  " 

+  i 

189  -141  xd 

■ti 

93  —  95  xd 

99  —101 

88  —  90 

76  —  78 

lA-    lA 

,1-     A 

4  —      i 

91  -  98  xd 

94  —  97 

r  ^ 

85-88 

a-  H 

85  —  70  xd 

*i-    <6 

8-     H 

111  —113 

100  —102 

924-    934 

-t 

4 

3—    sfxd 

77  -  81  xd 

ELECTBICAL   BAILWAT8   AITD   TBAIEWATS.— COLONIAL  AND   FOBEI&N. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  Ist  Pref,     .. 

Do.    8nd  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    E%I>eb 

AncUand  Trams,  B  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Eleo.  8.  &  Trams,  Pref, 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    E%3ndDeb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  1 
Power  / 
Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ord. 

Do.    B%Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B.  Colombia  Elec.  RIy.,  Def.    .. 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do.    B  %  Pref 

Do.    4i  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb.      . . 

Do.    44  %  Vancoaver  Deb.   .. 

Do.    4j_%Con.  Deb 

Oalcatta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

City  Baenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr.  A  Lt,,  E%Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  fi  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Eleo.  Trams  ., 

Do.    E%ADeb 

Dc,    6%BDeb 


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100 

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6 

8 

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5 

100 

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100 

8 

100 

6 

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100 

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100 

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100 

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4 

fi 

7 

5t 

6 

R 

fi 

100 

1 

^ 

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6 

E 

fit 

100 

E 

fi 

100 

B 

fi 

tiooo 

B 

E 

1 

Nil 

100 

E 

fi 

100 

6 

8 

4?  —     5  xd 

5  10    0 

4,=,-  4H'xd 

5  14    3 

92  —  94  xd 

4    5     1 

97  —  99  xd 

4  10  11 

98  —  100 

+  h 

5    0    0 

101  -103  xd 

4  17     1 

114-  12} 

4  18    0 

96  —  98  xd 

4  11  10 

99  -101 

4  19    0 

934-954 

■♦24 

't^W 

5    9    5 
4  15    3 

99  —102  xd 

4    8    3 

139  -144 

6  11     2 

H8  -122 

+  1 

4  18    4 

107  —no 

+  A 

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9*iS  -1014 

4    8    8 

103  -105 

4    5    9 

97  -100 

4    5    0 

63-   64 

5  14     3 

4tii-BAxd 

4  17    7 

97  —100 

— 2 

4  10    0 

a-   J 

6,'„-  BH 

4    8    0 

97  -100  xd 

5    0    0 

98  -  97 

E    S    1 

99  —108 

4  17    1 

-Ar-     A 

Nil 

88  -  88xd 

6  13    8 

30  —  40 

La  Plata  Eleo.  Trms,  Ord, 

Do.    Pref.  

Lisbon  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  . . 
Manaos  Trams  &  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Gen.  Con.  B  %  Bonds    . . 

Do,    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys.  A  Lt.,  Ord.     . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W.A.)  Elec.  Tr.,  Ord,    .. 

Do.    5%  1st.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  A  Bap.,  Pref. . . 

Do.    44  %  1st  Deb 

Riode  Janeiro  Trams,  IstMort.  [ 
6  %  Bondc  i 

Do.    B  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Paolo  Tram,  Lt.  and  P.  | 
5  %  1st  Deb.  i 
Blngapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb, 
Boothem  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  E  %  Deb. 
Un,  Eleo.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    E%  Ist  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo.  Rly.,  14  %  Deb, 


1 

Nil 

1 

1 

1 

6+ 

1 

A 

100 

E 

100 

E 

100 

E 

$1000 

E 

tlQO 

Tt 

E 

100 

6 

E 

10 

lot 

E 

6 

100 

fi 

1 

64 

100 

fi 

fi 

6 

100 

44 

44 

fi 

100 

E 

$600 

6 

100 

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100 

fi 

fi 

fit 

fi 

6 

6 

100 

fi 

B 

100 

*i 

44 

tt; 

1  —    l|  xd 

98  —  97 

98  -100  xd 

89  —  92 

.. 

1004—1024 

111  —113 

+  2 

96-98 

+  4 

103  -105 

^l4 

7}-    7| 

+  4 

5-65 

97J-994 

+  4 

^-.J**,a 

61—    Sixd 

97  -  99  xd 

102  -104 

96J-  984 

102  -104 

82-85 

95-97 

M—    6 

4j-  Ea 

99  -102 

99  -102 

MANUFACTURING  COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Baboock  A  WUoox 

Do.    Pref.  

British  Alominiom,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    B  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  Stk 

B.I.  ft  Helsby  Cables      .. 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

British  Thomson-Bonston,  Deb. 
British  Westinghoose,  Pref.    . . 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do.     Pref.  

Brush,  7%  Pref 

Do.    5  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     . . 

Do.    44  %  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb. 
Callender'B  Cable 

Do.    Fref 

Do.    Deb 

Castner-Kellnet 

Do.    Deb 


1 

6 

1 

A 

6 

1 

38 

14t 

1 

6 

6 

1 
1 

Nil 
Nil 

100 

fi 

B 

100 

fi 

6 

fi 

10 

Ht 

E 

6 

6 

100 

44 

4 

100 

H 

4 

8 

Nil 

Ni 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

6 

1 

1 

9 

Nil 

Nil 

100 

E 

fi 

100 
100 

3 

a 

fi 

U 

lot 

fi 

E 

fi 

100 

44 

44 

1 

30 

20 

100 

44 

44 

^^i 

8    0    0 
7  13  11 

"it- it 

+A 

4    4    9 
4    0    0 

.u^ 

E    6    E 

86  —  89 

5  12    4 

74-    8 

6    6    0 

6J-    6S 

4  It     1 

102  —104  xd 

4    6    7 

94  —  96 

4  13    9 

a-    a 

Nil 

58  -  61  xd 

8  U     2 

100  -108 

5  16    6 

3/. -a/. 

Nil 

4/6-«/- 

Nil 

0-      i 

NU 

73  -  78  xd 

6    8    2 

47  -  52 

8  13    2 

■28  —  82  xd 

14     1     4 

104-  Hi 

6  13    4 

43-    6xd 

5    0    0 

91  -100  xd 

4  10    0 

88-   33 

5    6    8 

106-109 

4    3    7 

Crompton  &  Oo 

Do.    Deb 

DIok,  Kerr 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Edison  A  Bwan,  A,  tB  paid 

Do.    folly  paid  .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Do.    fi  %  Becond  Deb, 
Electric  ConstrootlOD    ., 

Do.    Pref 

Greenwood  A  Batley,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

General  Electric,  Pref.  .. 

Do.    Deb 

Eenley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

India-Robber,  Q,  ft  T,     . . 

Do.     Pref. 
Telegraph  Construction.. 

Do.    Deb 

Willans  ft  Robinson 

Do.    Pref. 

Do,    Deb 


8 
100 


fi 
100 
100 


10 
100 

10 
100 


100 
10 
10 
13 

100 


Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  folly  paid,     t  Interim  dividend. 


Bank  rate  of  Dlicount  5  per  cent..  October  17th.  1912. 


Vol.72.     No.  l,8:w,  January  1),  19111.]        THE     ELECTRICAL      REVIEW. 


y/.i 


METAL    MARKET. 


Flactattlons  in  Doconiber. 


,.,     SPELTER    (G.O.B's.). 

Dec.*2  3  4  r>  (•>  ;m(ii!  I2i:!it;  17  I8i!)i.'o2:i2l2"3o;u 
£30 


20 
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LEAD    (ENGLISH). 

Dkc.  2   .3450  9  1011121316171819202324273P31 


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Dec. 
£235 
234 
233 
232 
231 
230 
229 
228 
227 
226 
225 
224 
223 
222 
221 
220 


IRON. 

2   3  4   .5    6   9  1011121316171819202324273031 


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COPPER    (G.M.B's.). 

Dec.  2   3   4   5   6  9  1011121316171819202324273031 


-  Belfast  Electricity  Supply.— At  a  meeting  of  the  Tram- 
ways and  Electrical  Committee,  a  motion  was  moved  and  seconded  for 
the  rescinding  of  the  report  of  Mr.  S.  L.  Pearce  and  the  electrical 
engrineer  on  the  proposed  extension  of  the  electrical  undertaking, 
and  was  defeated  by  S  to  2.  It  was  stated  that  the  extension  scheme 
would  be  laid  before  the  Finance  Committee  at  an  early  date. 
It  was  reported  by  Messrs.  Dick.  Kerr  &  Co.  that  they  had  com- 
pleted the  route  on  five  more  roads  under  their  permanent  tramway 
contract.  Mr.  Nance  reported  that  the  Glengormely  route  had  been 
doubled. 


THE  PROTECTION  AND  PRESERVATION 

OF  STANDING  TELEGRAPH  AND 

TELEPHONE  POLES.' 


Pkactk.'ALI.v  nil  polim  fail  at  th(!  pround  line  Ucoii"!  of  decay, 
and  oil  account  of  thiH  wcukcniutf  at  the  baw.  have  to  be  replaced 
or  cut  off  and  rcHot,  while  the  top  portion  in  hIHI  HOund. 

In  what  iH  known  aH  the  "  l-aiiib"  iK>le  treatment,  the  decay  which 
has  already  Btarted  Ih  rend'-ri'd  innocuoui",  and  the  (fround  line 
portion  of  the  pole  is  then  Houled  with  an  iraperviouH  prcHcrvative 
coating,  which  prevcntH  the  evafjoration  of  the  pr<»tervative  prc- 
viouHly  applied  and  preventB  further  decay  by  entirely  excluding 
air  and  moiuture. 

The  whole  proceps  U  Bimpic  and  inex|>enHivc,  and  conBiBta  of  fir«t 
removing  the  soil  around  the  ba^e  of  the  pole  to  a  depth  of  2  to  2  J  ft. 
and  Hcraping  or  cutting  off  the  decayed  portions  of  the  wood.  A 
hot  bruHh  treatment  of  coal-tar  creosote  is  then  applied  liberally, 
which  kills  the  living  organisms  of  decay  and  penetratca  the  outer 
tissues  of  the  wood.  A  fireproof  casing  is  then  placed  around  the 
pole,  the  upper  portion  extending  about  G  in.  above  the  ground  line 
and  the  lower  portion  from  18  in.  to  2  ft.  below,  making  a  total 
length  of  from  2  to  2 J  ft.  This  casing  is  held  out  from  the  pole 
by  spacing  rods,  which  leave  about  J  in.  opening  between  the  pole 
and  the  casing  at  the  solid  portion*,  and  a  greater  apace  where  decay 
has  occurred. 

After  the  casing  is  in  place,  the  soil  is  tamped  in  at  the 
bottom  up  to  the  base  of  the  casing,  and  inside  of  the 
form  is  poured  a  hot  preparation  of  pitch  which  will  yield 
a  distillate  of  high-boiling  and  high-gravity  creosote  oil.  The 
pitch,  after  it  hardens,  will  form  a  perfect  bond  with  the 
creosoted  surface  of  the  wood  and  entirely  prevent  the  entrance 
of  air,  moisture,  or  other  agencies  favourable  to  decay,  and 
at  the  same  time  prevent  the  evaporation  of  the  creosote  which  was 
applied  by  brush  treatment  to  the  decayed  surface.  The  creosote  in 
the  pitch  acts  as  an  additional  toxic  agent  in  destroying  and  prevent- 
ing all  forms  of  decay.  Experiments  have  shown  that  this  pitch 
filler  will  not  only  form  a  perfect  bond  with  the  wood  and  remain 
in  absolutely  close  contact  in  all  climatic  changes,  but  it  also 
entirely  fills  all  surface  cracks,  and,  to  a  slight  degree,  penetrates 
the  wood.  After  the  pitch  has  been  poured  in  and  has  cooled, 
the  soil  is  thrown  back  around  the  pole  and  tamped  tight,  and  a 
protective  fireproof  covering  or  a  cap  of  cement  is  applied  ;  or,  if  the 
fiUer  is  poured  to  within  only  about  2  in.  of  the  top,  the  edges  of 
the  fireproof  casing  can  be  bent  over  and  tacked  to  the  pole,  thus 
obviating  the  use  of  a  cement  cap. 

Under  average  conditions,  one  year's  increase  in  the  life  of  a  pole 
will  pay  for  the  treatment.  The  average  pole  (cedar)  has  a  life  of 
about  10  years,  and  the  cost  of  replacement  is  averaged  at  $lo  ; 
hence  the  annual  charge  on  a  4  per  cent,  compound  interest  basis 
amounts  to  about  Sl.25  per  pole.  If  properly  treated  at  the  ground 
line,  a  conservative  estimate  places  the  increase  in  life  at  from  5  to 
10  years. 


Electric    liffbt    Advertising'.— A  striking   means  of 

advertising  the  existence  of  an  electric  power  house  in  a  locality 
and  its  ability  to  supply  energy  to  all  who  require  it  has  been 
adopted  by  the  Consolidated  Gas,  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  of 
Baltimore.  This  company  uses  a  24-in.  marine  type  searchlight 
manufactured  by  the  General  Electric  Co.,  mounted  on  the  top  of 
an  abandoned  smoke  stack  about  200  ft.  from  the  ground.  The 
projector  is  motor-driven  for  revolving  in  a  horizontal  plane  and 
also  has  a  motor  for  operating  in  a  vertical  plane.  It  has  been  used 
for  about  a  year  for  advertising  purposes,  the  lamp  revolving  con- 
tinuously in  one  direction  at  a  fixed  elevatior,  and  the  searchlight 
being  switched  on  each  night  after  dark.  The  structure  on  the  top 
of  which  the  searchlight  is  mounted  is  a  square  brick  erection,  on 
three  faces  of  which  there  are  large  electric  signs.  The  idea  in 
placing  the  searchlight  on  the  stack  was  to  call  attention  to  the  signs, 
causing  public  question  as  to  the  source  of  light,  which  could  be 
seen  in  favourable  weather  IS  to  20  miles  from  Baltimore,  and  so  to 
speak  show  the  public  "  how  far  the  light  will  go. "  During  the 
Democratic  Convention  which  was  held  at  Baltimore  recently, 
the  searchlight  was  removed  to  the  top  of  one  of  the  largest 
structures  in  Baltimore,  and  used  very  effectively  in  connection 
with  the  scheme  of  special  decoration  adopted  by  the  city  during 
that  period.  Some  experimental  work  has  been  done  with  coloured 
screens,  using  sheets  of  coloured  gelatine  framed  and  placed  in 
front  of  the  projector,  but  owing  to  the  lack  of  penetration  of 
coloured  light  the  scheme  met  with  only  fuir  success.  In  the  pro- 
jection of  colours,  however,  it  was  found  that  a  white  centre  with 
a  coloured  rim  of  light  was  very  effective.  The  idea,  for  particulars 
of  which  we  are  indebted  to  Jlr.  E.  D.  Edmonton,  the  general 
superintendent  of  the  company,  may  be  usefully  adopted  in  this 
country  in  connection  with  gala  displays  in  which  electricity 
participates. 

Manufacture  of  Potash.— A  Swedish  engineer  named 
Lindblad  has  solved  the  problem  of  making  potash  from  felspar, 
by  melting  potash  felspar  together  with  coal  and  iron  in  an  electric 
furnace.  There  are  great  quantities  of  potash  felspar  in  Sweden's 
rocks. —  J>(ii'i/  Idetjraph. 


*  E.  A.  Sterling,  in  the  Canadian  Elcetrical  JWm-.*. 


84 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,       tvoi.  72.  No.  1,832,  januaet  3, 1913. 


REPORT   TO  THE   BOARD  OF  TRADE  ON  THE  UNDERWRITERS' 
LABORATORIES   (INC.),   CHICAGO. 

Its    Formation,    and    Scope    of    Operations,    with     their     Effect    on     the    Importation    of    British 

Manufactures  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 


By  C.  HAMILTON  WKKES, 


TnK  Unpekweiters'  Laboratories,  Chicago,  Incorporated. 

The  U.L.C.  is  located  in  a  specially-desigrned  buildingr  at  207,  East 
Ohio  Street,  Chicspo,  111.,  with  a  plant  and  equipment  valued  at 
£20,000.  It  was  pranted  a  charter  in  November,  1901.  The 
I'.L.C.  has  one  Branch  Testing:  Laboratory  (recently  erected)  at 
Now  York. 

The  establishment  of  the  Underwriters"  Laboratories,  Chicapro, 
was  brought  about  doubtless  by  the  ureat  and  dipproportionate 
destruction  of  property  by  fire  throughout  the  United  States,  and 
in  consequence  of  the  heavy  losses  that  resulted,  which  fell  on  the 
insurance  companies  (fire  underwriters). 

It  should  be  understood  that  the  problem  the  insurance  com- 
panies had  to  solve,  in  view  of  the  conditions  prevailing  throughout 
the  United  States,  and  it  may  be  said  North  America,  was  to  evolve 
some  method  which  would  tend  to  reduce  the  great  danger  existing 
of  fire  hazard  and  the  consequent  restriction  of  business.  Among 
other  difficulties  appertaining  to  the  position  differing  from  the 
United  Kingdom  was  : — («)  The  common  nee  of  wooden  buildings  ; 
(/')  the  great  area  of  the  territory  ;  (<•)  the  high  voltage  of  the 
electric  current  transmitted  by  overhead  wires,  even  through  the 
main  streets  of  their  cities  ;  (rf)  the  large  number  of  manufacturers, 
good,  indifferent  and  bad,  intent  only  on  selling  their  products,  in 
many  instances  to  firms  with  little  or  no  technical  knowledge, 
who  styled  themselves  contractors,  architects,  kc.  ;  (c)  the  com- 
pelled employment  of  careless,  indifferent  and  incompetent  work- 
men :  (/)  together  with  the  practical  impossibility  of  obtaining 
anything  like  skilled  inspection  or  supervision  of  the  work,  even  in 
the  towns. 

To  use  the  phraseology  of  "The  National  Board  of  Fire  Under- 
writers (New  York),"  "  it  was  found  necessary  to  provide  means  for 
securing  a  correct  solution  of  the  problems  presented  by  reason  of 
the  great  and  disproportionate  losses  by  fire,  and  to  bring  to  the 
'  user'  the  one  best  obtainable  opinion  on  the  merits  or  demerits  of 
appliances  in  respect  of  fire  hazard.' 

This  is  a  high  and  proper  ideal,  but  however  great  the  necessity 
might  have  been  for  an  institution  of  this  character,  that  would 
not  in  itself  necesi^arily  have  brought  about  the  inception,  nor 
given  the  U.L.,  Chicago,  the  power,  and,  practically,  the  absolute 
control,  it  exercises  to-day  over  all  articles,  appliances,  material  or 
devices  styled  "articles  for  public  utility''  affecting  fire  hazard 
used  in  buildings  throughout  the  country.  It  is  due  to  the  hearty 
support  which  came  to  be  accorded  as  the  value  of  the 
Laboratories'  work  became  recognised  by  the  insurance  companies — 
British,  American,  German,  French  and  Canadian — carrying  on 
business  in  the  North  American  Continent. 

The  Laboratories  had  quite  a  humble  beginning,  and  I  am 
informed  that  at  the  first  they  confined  their  attention  to  certain 
classes  of  electric  material  and  fittings,  f./j.,  the  "National  Electric 
Code"  standards  were  first  compiled  in  iK9(>-7  (see  later),  but  their 
influence  has  steadily  grown  and  they  cover  to-day  (inter  alia) : — 

(«)  Machines  and  fittings  which  may  be  instrumental  in  carrying 
a  fire,  gas  and  oil  appliances,  electric   fittings,  wiring,   conduits, 
fuses,  &c.     iMachines  and  appurtenances  used  in  lighting  or  heating   ■ 
chemicals. 

('/)  Fire  extinguishers,  automatic  sprinklers,  pumps,  hand  fire 
appliances,  hose,  hydrants,  nozzles,  valves,  &c. 

Ic)  Material  and  devices  designed  to  retard  spread  of  fire, 
structural  methods  and  materiaJs,  fire  doors  and  shutters,  fire 
windows,  kc. 

President  of  the  Corporation,  chairman  of  the  Board,  Mr. 
Henry  C.  Eddy,  of  Chicago  (resident  secretary.  Commercial  Union 
Assurance  Co.,  and  the  Palatine  Insurance  Co.)  :  secretary  and 
treasurer.  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Merrill,  Chicago.  The  board  of  directors 
consists  of  10  other  gentlemen,  of  whom  four  represent  British 
conipaniefl,  and  six  American  insurance  companies.  (Particulars, 
see  Appendix  A.)' 

There  are,  therefore,  including  the  two  British  insurance  com- 
panies represented  by  the  president,  six  British  and  six  American 
companies  represented  on  the  Board  of  the  U.L.C. 

The  board  constitutes  the  governing  authority,  handles  its 
finances,  and  directs  all  matters  of  policy,  including  appointment  of 
"the  Council,''  the  manager  and  members  of  the  engineering  staff. 

Technical  Staff  of  Underwriters'  Laijobatouies  (Inc.), 

Chicago. 
The  manager  is  Mr.  W.  H.  Merrill  :  the  chief  engineer,  Mr.  W.  C. 
Robinson  (who  recently  visited  England),  and  there  is  a  staff  of 
over  50,  which  includes  consulting,  electrical,  gas  and  oil,  and 
chemical  engineers,  with  numerous  assistant  engineers,  a  super- 
intendent of  labels,  cashier,  iVlC.    (Names,  see  Appendix  B.) 

The  Codncil. 

A  body  having  important  functions  connected  with  the  U.L.C.  is 
"  the  Council."  The  members  are  nominated  by  the  "  board  of 
directors  of  the  laboratories,"   as  stated  above.      "The  Council" 

'  The  various  Appendices,  i:c.,  mentioned  are  not  reprinted  here. 
They  may  be  seen  at  the  Board  of  Trade  Commercial  Intelligence 
Department,  in  London.  ' 


consists  of  gentlemen  who,  either  in  their  individual  or  corporate 
capacity,  have  the  requisite  knowledge  or  employ  technical  men  on 
their  staff,  able  to  advise  them  in  respect  of  "  the  Reports "  for- 
warded for  their  consideration  by  the  Underwriters'  Laboratories. 
It  will  be  noted  that  among  the  members  of  the  Council  are  Mr. 
W.  H.  Slerrill,  manager  of  the  Laboratories,  Mr.  W.  C.  Robinson, 
his  chief  engineer,  and  Mr.  HadrUl,  who,  as  secretary  to  the 
Canadian  Fire  Underwriters'  Association,  has  under  him  (juite  a 
number  of  technical  men. 

It  is  by  "  the  Council  "  that  the  technical  work  at  the  Labora- 
tories is  supervised,  and  it  is  not  until  "  the  Reports  "  are  approved 
by  "the  Council  '  that  they  are  promulgated. 

The  Council  numbers  22  (names  and  such  particulars  as  are 
obtainable  will  be  found  in  Appendix  C). 

The  technical  staff,  having  carried  out  the  experimental  work 
and  tested  the  merits  or  demerits  of  each  article,  device,  appliance, 
material  or  system  submitted,  with  a  view  to  their  bearing  upon 
fire  hazard,  proceed  to  draw  up  a  detailed  and  extremely  elaborate 
"  report."  This  report  is  forwarded  to  each  member  of  the  Council, 
and  in  due  course  is  returned  to  the  Laboratories  with  :<uch  en- 
don^ments,  amendments  or  criticism  as  each  member  of  the  Council 
may  consider  necessary  or  advi:>able.  The  points  raised,  if  any,  are 
then  printed  and  again  circulated  to  all  the  members  until  a 
"  decision  "  has  been  obtained.  The  final  decision,  whether  favour- 
able or  otherwise  to  the  article,  device,  appliance,  material  or 
system,  is  bulletined,  i.e.,  a  summary  of  the  Laboratories'  Report 
is  distributed  on  "  printed  cards,"  filed  according  to  classification, 
to  the  various  insurance  organisations  and  companies  subscribing 
to  or  co-operating  with  the  Laboratories'  work.  A  copy  of  the 
bulletin  (printed  card,  presumably)  and  the  detailed  report  is 
furnished  to  the  applicant,  who  originally  submitted  the  article  for 
inspection. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  greatest  care  is  taken  in  the 
experimental  work  and  tests  carried  out  by  the  Laboratories,  and 
equal  care  in  the  preparation  of  the  Report  in  its  final  shape  before 
any  article,  appliance,  material,  device  or  system  receives  the  final 
approval  of  the  U.L.C. 

It  may  be  observed  here  that  cabinets  containing  these  cards  ore 
maintained  at  the  offices  of  the  principal  Boards  of  Underwriters 
and  inspection  bureaus  in  the  L'nited  States  and  Canada  and  a  few 
in  other  countries,  at  many  of  the  general  offices  of  insurance  com- 
panies, certain  municipal  departments,  and  at  the  local  o£5ces  of  the 
Laboratories  in  the  larger  cities.  There  are  also  "lists"  compiled 
by  the  Laboratories,  which  are  freely  distributed,  of  "  approved 
and  permitted  devices,"  with  the  manufacturer's  name.  (See 
Appendix  D.) 

Specifications,  Rules  and  Requirements  under  which 

the  Experimental  Work  is  Carried  on  at  the 

Laboratories. 

The  specifications  under  which  the  experimental  work  is  carried 
on  by  the  technical  staff  of  the  U.L.C.  are  based  upon  the  rules  and 
requirements  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  New 
York,  as  "  recommended  by  the  National  Fire  Protection  Associa- 
tion, New  York."  This  is  the  present  practice  ;  previously  the 
various  Committees  acted  solely  under  the  direction  of  insurance 
authorities.  These  have  been  transferred  to  the  National  Fire 
Protection  Associations,  in  which  "  all  interests  are  represented." 

Many  of  "  The  Rules  and  Requirements "  referred  to  above  are 
printed  in  pamphlet  form.  A  list  is  appended  herewith  (marked 
"  Appendix  E  '').  Printed  copies  of  these  pamphlets  are  filed  with 
the  Board  of  Trade. 

I.sspection  at  Manffactuhees'  Factories  and  Labelling. 

The  article,  appliance,  device,  material  or  system  submitted  to 
the  U.L.C.  having  been  tested  and  approved,  the  Laboratories  step 
in  and  say,  ''  Before  the  article  may  be '  marketed  '  it  must  come 
under  our  supervision  before  we  wiU  issue  '  a  label  or  tab "  to 
indicate  that  the  same  has  been  inspected  and  passed  by  us." 

The  older  form  of  supervision  is  :  A  contract  to  be  entered  into 
between  the  manufacturer  and  the  U.L.C.  whereby  the  maker  agrees 
to  construct  appliances  in  exact  duplicate  of  the  sample  approved, 
and  to  pay  a  certain  fee  annually,  ranging  from  $5  to  S;-(0. 

The  second  or  newer  form  of  supervision  consists  in  inspection  by 
Laboratory  engineers  of  the  devices  and  materials  at  factories,  and 
the  labelling  of  standard  goods  by  stamps,  transfers,  or  metal  labels, 
whereliy  they  can  be  recognised  wherever  found.  The  cost  of  the 
service  is  partially  defrayed  by  charges  made  for  the  labels.  These 
vary  according  to  the  nature  and  extent  of  the  inspection  needed. 

A  "schedule"  of  the  charges  for  labelling  certain  "standard 
goods"  will  be  found,  as  a  guide,  in  Appendix  "F,"  together 
with  specimen  lithographed  labels.  'The  sale  of  these  labels  includee 
the  following  costs  : — 

1 .  Cost  of  manufacturing  the  label. 

2.  Salaries  and  expenses  of  agents  and  inspectors  of  branch 
offices. 

:!.  Salary  of  supervising  engineer  at  home  office. 
4.  Salary  and  travelling  expenses  of  special  agent, 
6,  Overhead  charges. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8;i2.jANUAuv;t,  191 ;!.]      TITFi    ELECTRICAL    TIF.VTEW. 


85 


Throliifhout  the  United  StatcH  the  I'.L.C.  Iibh  ortlct-rB  who 
inspect  iiiul  paHH  articlcH,  appliiincep,  iliiviccH,  material  or  the 
Hystein  inHtallcMl  in  any  bliildiii);  which  the  owner  rcquircH  to 
insure.  It  is  thoBO  iuBpoctorH  who  accept  or  refuHc  urticlcH  becBUK(5 
they  have  not  the  U.L.C.  label  or  itob.  So  far  ob  the  Dominion  of 
Canada  i-  concerned,  the  iiiHpcctorB  iiro  appointc^d  by  the  (lanadiiin 
Fire  l'iid(!rwrit<'rn'  Association  (con<:crnin(;  whom,  bc«  later).  The 
contention  is  tliat  the  innpcction  dcpartraentB  of  ioHurancc  orifoniha- 
tiouR  find  it  eaBier  to  pass  upon  an  installation  in  which  nothing 
but  labelled  material  is  used— and  thiB  it  is  contended  tends  to  a 
better  clasH  of  installation. 

It  should  not  \>o  inferred  that  the  inspector's  duty  is  confined 
to  checkin(j  the  labelled  material.  It  is  important  from  the 
manufacturer's  point  of  view,  but  from  the  insurance  companies' 
standpoint,  the  inspector  has  to  see  that  the  workmanship  of  the 
wireman  and  electrician,  for  example,  is  pood,  and  that  the  work  has 
been  carried  out  in  accordance  with  the  llules  and  Ueyulations 
dealint;  with  the  desien  and  layout  of  the  installation.  Generally, 
his  skill  in  judtrment  and  experience  is  called  for  in  interpretirpr 
these  rules  and  requirements  in  accordance  with  the  particular  kind 
of  buildinp  which  he  is  inspecting  for  the  time  beinjr. 

An  important  factor  is  the  question  of  danger  to  life  "  should  a 
fire  occur.  "  This,  I  fear,  is  not  taken  into  account,  in  fact,  I 
understand  it  cannot  come  within  the  inspector's  consideration,  so 
long:  as  the  installation  complies  with  safeguarding  fire  hazard. 

Cost  of  Experiments  and  Tests,  with  Some  Particulabs 
TO  Intending  Applicants. 

Blank  forms .  for  use  in  making  applications  for  tests  will  be 
furnished  on  request  to  the  U.L.C,  207,  East  Ohio  Street,  Chicago, 
although  no  fixed  form  of  application  is  necessary.  A  letter 
addressed  to  the  Laboratories,  setting  forth  all  the  claims  made  for 
the  article,  "  enclosing  the  preliminary  fee."  and  giving  notice  of 
shipment,  is  sufficient.  All  shipments  should  be  consigned  to 
Underwriters'  Laboratories  (Inc.),  207,  East  Ohio  Street,  Chicago. 
The  latter  are  not  responsible  for  damage  in  shipment,  and  cannot 
undertake  to  repair  damaged  goods,  or  to  assemble  or  erect 
apparatus  shipped  in  parts. 

Freight  or  express  charges  must  be  prepaid. 

Goods  from  the  United  Kingdom  should  be  shipped  in  bond. 

It  is  understood  that  Customs  charges,  if  any,  are  paid  by  the 
Laboratories. 

It  will  be  noted  in  the  particulars  given  below  that  in 
respect  of  articles  coming  within  Groups  A  to  E,  there  is  "  a 
maximum "  cost,  which  will  not,  under  any  circumstances,  be 
exceeded. 

The  Laboratories  will,  on  receipt  of  an  application  accompanied 
by  description  of  the  article  to  be  tested,  advise  as  to  necessary 
charges  in  each  case,  and  in  all  instances  where  the  costs  do  not 
aggregate  the  amount  of  the  preliminary  fees,  the  balance  will  be 
returned  to  the  applicant,  to  whom,  at  the  conclusion  of  the  "test," 
a  full  and  detailed  account  is  rendered,  and,  as  stated  above,  a  copy 
supplied  of  "  the  Bulletin,"  as  well  as  the  "  detailed  Report."  The 
fees  axe  as  follows  :  — 

Group  A.  Preliminary  fee,  $100.00  Total  cost  not  to  exceed  $2.50 

.1     B.                ,>  ,,  ">0.00  „  „            „         100 

->     C.                „  „  25.00  „  „            „          75 

I.     D.                „  ,,  10.00  „  „            „          50 

„     E.                „  „  5.00  „  „            ,.          25 

Group  F. — Under  this  group  are  classified  experimental  work  and 
researches  covering  subjects  or  appliances  for  which  standard 
requirements  are  not  accepted.  The  amount  of  preliminary  fee  is 
$100.00,  and  bills  are  rendered  monthly  as  the  work  proceeds. 

The  various  articles,  appliances,  materials,  devices  and  systems 
thus  far  tested  (1909),  are  classified  into  the  various  Groups  A  to  E. 
(Particulars  will  be  found  in  Appendix  G.) 

General  Remarks. 

The  parent  body  of  the  Underwriters'  Laboratories,  Chicago,  is 
"the  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  New  York,"  under 
whose  "  general  direction  "  the  work  at  the  Laboratories  is  carried 
on.  In  practice,  however,  the  power  of  the  parent  body  may  be 
said  to  be  vested  in  "The  Board  of  Directors."  The  chief  financial 
support  is  derived  from  the  parent  body,  the  Laboratories  not 
being  in  business  for  "  profit "  ;  it  is  not  believed  that  it  has 
made  any  profit ;  the  U.L.C.  is  a  corporation  for  fire  protection 
and  fire  prevention  and  not  for  profit.  The  insurance  companies 
are  the  largest  contributors.  They  receive  regular  appropria- 
tions from  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  the  Western 
Insurance  Union,  and  other  organisations,  as  well  as  from  a  number 
of  individual  companies  who  desire  special  service  in  the  matter  of 
reports. 

It  will  be  noted  in  going  through  the  Report  that  the  Rules  and 
Requirements  are  adopted  by  the  N.B.  of  F.U.  (N.Y.)  under  the 
recommendation  of  the  "National  Fire  Protection  Association,  of 
New  York "  (secretary's  office,  87,  Milk  Street,  Boston).  This 
important  Association,  whose  President  for  the  year  1912-13  is 
Mr.  H.  L.  Phillips,  of  5,  Hayiies  Street,  Hartford,  Conn,  (vice- 
President,  Mr.  G.  M.  Robertson,  of  San  Francisco  ;  and  secretary- 
treasurer,  Mr.  F.  H.  Wentworth,  87,  Milk  Street,  Boston  ;  with  a 
chairman  and  executive  committee  of  15  gentlemen,  five  of  whom 
retire  yearly)  dates  from  the  year  1896-7,  about  which  time  a 
"  National  Conference  '  was  held  at  New  York. 

Standard  electrical  rules  were  drawn  up  as  the  result  of  tjie 
united  efforts  of  the  various  insurance,  electrical,  architectural  and 
allied  interests  ;  the  National  Conference  was  disbanded,  the  work  (of 


th(!  t'ndiTwritiTH'  National  MIcctric*!  Aiwociation  and  of  the  National 
Conference)  Ixdng  taken  over  by  the  National  I'ire  Protection  Awfi- 
ciation.  Tho  following  AcHOciationii,  formerly  memlj»Tii  of  the 
National  Conference,  are  repreoentt'd  on  the  Klixtrical  Committee  of 
the  N.l'.P.A.  :  — 

American  Electric  Ituilway  Anitociation. 
American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers. 
AsRociatcd  i''aclory  Mutual  Fire  InHurance  Co. 
National  Hoard  of  I'irc  Underwriters. 
National  Electric  liight  AsHociation. 
National  Kleetrieal  ContractorH'  AxBOciation. 
National  Electrical  Inspection  AfKOciation. 

The  work  of  the  National  Fire  Protection  AHBOciation,  of  New 
York,  is  directed  by  "Special  Committees,"  of  which  there  are  no 
less  than  29,  and  covers  Hubjects  an  wide  apart  an  "►afes  and  vaults  " 
and  "hose,"  "electric  railway,  light  and  power  properties,"  '  auto- 
matic sprinkler.s,"  "  fire  pumpB,"  "  gravity  tanks,''  "mine  firec," 
"laws  and  ordinances,'  "signalling  systems,  '  \.c.  A  list  of  theEC 
('ommittccs  giving  the  names  of  their  chairmen  will  be  found  in 
Appendix  H. 

The  "report"  of  proceedings  of  the  sixteenth  annual  meeting 
held  at  Chicago,  May  14th,  loth  and  l(;th,  1912,  accompanies  tbiH 
"report,"  and  "The  Year-Book"  of  the  National  Fire  Protection 
Association  (September,  1912)  gives  the  membership,  from  which 
further  detailed  particulars  can  be  ascertained. 

The  membership  of  the  N.F.P.A.  consists  of  four  cla*.-es  :  Active, 
who  only  have  the  power  to  vote — membership  102,  with  a  sub- 
Noription  of  $15  per  annum  :  Associate,  over  1,200  members,  annual 
subscription  85  ;  Subscribing,  over  60O  members,  annual  snbecrip; 
tion  §5  ;  Honorary,  S  life  members. 

The  Active  class  comprises  102  members,  including  (I)  National 
Institutes,  Societies  and  Associations  interested  in  the  protection  of 
life  and  property  against  loss  by  fire,  (2)  State  Association?,  whose 
principal  object  is  the  reduction  of  fire  waste,  (3)  Insurance  Bcdies 
and  Insurance  Associations  having  primary  jurisdiction.  Out  of 
these  1 02  Active  class  members  .s2  are  Insurance  Companies  (fire 
underwriters)  or  Associations  connected  therewith,  such  as 
inspection  bureaus,  actuarial  bureaus,  \;c.  Twenty  may  be  styled 
business  associations.     Among  the  latter  are  the  following  : — 

American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers,  New  York. 

American  Institute  of  Consulting  Engineers,  New  York. 

American  Electric  Railway  Association,  New  York. 

American  Institute  of  Architects. 

American  Warehousemen's  Association,  Pittsbarg. 

Canadian  Manufacturers'  Association. 

Electrical  Supply  Jobbers'  Association,  Chicago. 

National  Association  of  Manufacturers,  New  York. 

National  Hardware  Association,  Philadelphia. 

National  Paint,  Oil  and  Varnish  Association,  New  York. 

National  Electric  Light  Association,  New  York. 

National  Electrical  Contractors'  Association,  Utica,  New  York. 

National  Association  of  Sheet  Metal  Contractors,  Philadelphia. 

Canadian  Fire  Underwriters'  Association,  ^Montreal  and  Toronto. 

Mainland  Fire  Underwriters'  Association,  Vancouver,  B.C. 

New  Brunswick  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  St.  John,  N.B. 

Nova  Scotia  Board  of  Underwriters,  Halifax,  N.S. 

Western  Canada  Fire  Underwriters'  Association,  Winnipeg. 

Canadian  Fire  Underwriters'  Association.    Offices,  535, 
Coristine    Building,    Montreal.       Secretary,    Mr.    A.    W.    Hadrill. 

At  the  present  time  00  insurance  companies  are  members  of 
this  Association.  I  might  mention  that  whUe  this  is  by  far  the 
most  important  of  the  Underwriters'  Associations  m  the  Dominion 
of  Canada,  there  are  four  others,  as  stated  above. 

Of  the  present  list  of  GO  members  of  the  Canadian  Fire  Under- 
writers' Association  (full  list.  Appendix  I),  28  are  British,  or  their 
capital  is  controlled  in  Great  Britain,  19  are  American,  12 
Canadian,  1  French. 

The  British  insurance  com  panics— headed  by  the  Uoyal  Insurance 
Co. — together  underwrite  some  55  per  cent,  of  the  total  fire  risks 
in  the  Dominion  of  Cannda,  and  therefore  occupy  an  important 
position  in  the  Associations  of  Fire  Underwriters  throughout 
Canada.  Their  position  and  influence  in  the  United  States  of 
America  are  also  considerable. 

British  Manufacturers  '■.  The  Operations  of  the 
Underwriters'  Laboratories,  Chicago. 

The  experimental  work  carried  out  by  the  Laboratories  at  Chicago, 
their  method  of  drawing  up  reports  and  labelling  approved 
articles,  followed  by  inspection,  already  dealt  with,  is  no  doubt 
advantageous,  not  only  to  the  fire  insurance  companies,  but  also  to 
the  American  manufacturer  carrying  on  business  in  the  United 
States.  I  would  also  be  prepared  to  concede  that  the  U.L.C.  are 
desirous  of  not  placing  difficulties  in  the  way  of  the  foreign  manu- 
facturer (which  includes  British)  utilising  the  facilities  oflfered  by 
them.  It  is  nevertheless  an  intolerable  state  of  affairs  that  the 
British  manufacturers,  as  well  as  the  Canadian,  should  be  compelled 
to  send  samples  and  particulars  of  their  goods  to  a  foreign 
corporation,  to  be  "  approved  or  rejected,'"  before  they  are  able  or 
permitted  to  do  business  in  a  portion  of  the  British  Empire,  viz., 
the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

I  will  briefly  outline  some  of  the  more  salient  points  which 
operate  to  the  disadvantage  of  the  British  manufacturer  desiring  to 
do  business  in  the  Dominion  : — 

1.  The  British  manufacturer  has  to  incur  the  expense  of  packing 
and  freighting  the  articles  forwarded  to  the  Laboratories  at 
Chicago,  with  the  conseqneirt  delay.  Whether  the  article  ia 
approved  or  otherwise,  he  is  still  unable  to  ship  the  goods  to  the 
Dominion,  as  no  means  exist  of  examination  and  labelling  at  the 


36 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.       [Vol.  72.    No.  1,832,  January  S,  191;^. 


factory  in  the  United  Kingdom,  which  the  LaboratorieK  properly 
initist  on. 

The  suggestion  has  been  put  forward  that  such  goods  shipped  to 
Canada  might  be  examined  and  labelled,  as  the  Laboratories  recjuire, 
at  "  the  ^lort  of  discharge  "  in  the  Dominion.  The  objection  to  this 
course  is  that  besides  the  expense  of  maintaining  a  qualified  in- 
spector, there  is  a  real  risk  incurred  of  the  goods  not  being  passed 
(rightly  or  wrongly"),  with  consequent  loss  to  the  British 
shipper,  in  all  probability  followed  by  the  return  of  the  goods  to 
the  United  Kingdom,  with  the  great  expense  thereby  entailed. 

2.  The  Laboratories  are  olficered  by  consulting  and  other 
engineers  expert  in  regard  to  various  lines,  as  has  been  shown.  It 
may  be  conceded  that  they  exercise  a  wise  and  discriminating  care  in 
the  carrying  out  of  their  duties  in  regard  to  American  manu- 
facturers, but  when  it  comes  to  experimenting  and  testing  articles  of 
British  or  European  manufacture,  devised  on  different  lines  and  manu- 
factured to  standards  other  than  the  rules,  re(iuirements  or  standards 
laid  down  by  the  N.F.P.A.,  under  which  the  Laboratories  carry  out 
their  work,  the  technical  staff,  without  any  experience  in  regard  to 
the  reliability  of  the  article  submitted  in  actual  use,  not  infre- 
quently find  themselves  obliged  to  withhold  their  authorisation.  To 
this  the  British  manufacturer  very  properly  objects,  and  he  feels  the 
more  indignant  when  he  is  awure  that  his  manufactures  in  every 
way  meet  the  more  stringent  requirements  in  other  parts  of  the 
world.  I  think  he  should  be  supported  in  this  objection  unless, 
indeed,  we  are  prepared  to  concede  that  the  United  States  engineer 
is  the  repository  of  all  the  wisdom  of  the  world  in  regard  to  every 
class  of  article,  appliance,  system  or  device  dealing  with.fire  hazard, 
which  has  been,  or  is  to  be,  invented  in  the  world.  (See  Mr.  Merrill's 
letter,  giving  another  reason.) 

3.  Hys/eiii  of  Jii.i/irctioii. — This  amounts,  in  practice,  to  the 
inspectors  appointed  seeing  that  certain  labels  or  tabs  are  appended 
to  articles.  In  time,  no  doubt,  they  become  more  or  lees  experienced, 
but  the  idea  is  to  throw  the  responsibility  of  the  real  inspection 
of  the  article  on  the  Laboratories  at  Chicago.  The  inspector  is, 
apparently,  expected  to  work  on  rnle-of-thumb  lines.  He  is,  I 
gather,  not  expected  to  do  otherwise  than  see  that  labels  or  tabs 
of  the  U.L.C.  are  properly  attnched  to  the  article,  device  or  system 
to  be  installed  in  the  various  buildings. 

The  tendency  is  for  this  attitude  to  become  accentuated  ;  pressure 
has  been,  and  is  being,  exercised  by  the  Laboratories  on  the 
Canadian  Fire  Underwriters'  Association  not  to  allow  any  article 
to  be  installed,  within  their  jurisdiction,  without  the  Laboratories' 
label  or  tab.  In  Winnipeg  the  use  of  the  Laboratories'  label  has 
been  made  the  rule  by  the  Western  Canadian  Fire  Underwriters' 
Association.  In  Montreal  they  have  been,  I  am  informed,  not  quite 
so  strict  up  to  the  present,  but  Mr.  Iladrill,  secretary  of  the 
Canadian  Fire  I'nderwriters'  Association,  confesses  that  their 
inclination  is  to  draw  the  line  tighter  and  only  permit  goods  with 
the  label  or  tab  of  the  U.L.C.  to  be  utilised. 

I  might  mention  in  this  connection  that  complaints,  diflSoult  to  prove 
ordisprove,  are  made  by  British  manufacturers  or  their  representatives 
of  prejudice  on  the  part  of  inspectors  against  British  goods,  and 
of  the  necessity,  as  they  allege,  of  gaining  the  inspector's  goodwill 
by  means  of  a  ihmceur  in  order  to  facilitate  the  passing  of  material 
submitted.  This  difficulty  is  probably  in  respect  of  articles  without 
the  customary  Laboratories'  label  or  tab. 

I  would  refer  to  what  has  been  stated  before,  and  that  is,  that 
the  Inspectors'  skill  and  judgment  is  called  for  in  regard  to  the 
application  of  the  Rules  and  Requirements,  e.g.,  the  workmanship 
of  the  wireman  or  electrician  generally  regarding  the  design  and 
lay-out  of  the  installation,  taking  into  consideration  the  particular 
kind  of  building  in  which  the  work  is  being  carried  out. 

I  would  also  repeat  that  I  understand  there  are  no  regulations 
to  guide  the  Inspector  with  reference  to  "danger  to  life"  in  the 
event  of  fire  breaking  out ;  in  other  words,  that  the  wiring  and 
other  matters  which  he  inspects  are  looked  at  purely  and  only 
from  the  point  of  view  of  fire  hazard  to  the  building,  without 
regard  to  the  matter  of  hazard  against  life  (shock  fatality,  and  so 
forth). 

4.  It  will  be  readily  recognised  in  view  of  the  manufacturing 
and  other  Mercantile  Associations  which  are  "active' members  of 
the  N.F.P.A.  and  the  American  composition  of  the  Council,  and 
the  experience  practically  based  on  American  practice,  so  far  as  I 
know  it,  of  the  technical  staff  of  the  Laboratories,  that  the  intro- 
duction of  new  methods  or  fresh  standards  might  meet  with  con- 
siderable opposition,  and,  in  addition,  there  would  probably  be  a 
natural  reluctance  to  give  a  definite  finding  in  respect  of  articles 
which  may  be  practically  unknown  either  in  respect  of  their  form 
or  in  regard  to  their  reliability. 

.').  It  should  be  mentioned  that  particulars  are  filed  in  this  office 
of  instances  in  which  the  parties  alleged  discrimination  and  unfair 
treatment,  in  respect  of  both  electrical  and  other  classes  of  goods 
submitted  to  the  Laboratories.  Personally,  I  find  it  hard  to  believe 
that  any  discrimination  has  been  shown  beyond  what  may  be 
easily  explained  by  the  composition  of  the  Laboratories,  the 
council  and  the  associations  under  whose  direction  the  work  is 
carried  on.  An  incident  which  happened  in  Montreal  in  August 
last  illustrates  another  phase  of  the  difficulty  met  with  by  British 
goods  .went  to  Canada.  A  sample  of  wire  was  sent  to  the  Chief 
Electrical  Inspector  in  Montreal,  and  I  have  a  copy  of  his  letter  in 
which  he  stated,  "  the  samples  of  wires  enclosed  are  acceptable." 
In  Toronto  the  following  month,  in  regard  to  the  same  article,  I 
have  a  copy  of  the  original  letter  from  the  Chief  Electrical 
Inspector,  in  which  he  write.-'  as  follows  :— "  We  beg  to  advise  that 
neither  of  the  two  pieces  comply  with  new  cede  requir«>ments." 
Of  course,  in  the  latter  instance,  the  reason  was  that  the  wires 
were  not  labelled  and  tabbed  with  Lal)oratory  labels. 

The  above  is  a  sample  of  a  number  of  similar  instances  which  it 
can  be  readily  understood  cause  considerable  heart-burning  to  the 


parties  injured,  particularly  where  the  goods  are  of  high  class, 
and,  in  fact,  manufactured  to  a  much  higher  standard  than 
is  required  by  the  Laboratories  themselves.  Nevertheless,  the 
inspector  must  reject  them  in  many  parts  of  Canada  if  they  have 
not  evidence  of  the  approval  of  the  U.L.C. 

I  will  close  my  remarks  on  this  heading  by  an  extract  from  a 
letter  from  Mr.  'W'.  C.  Robinson,  chief  engineer,  after  his  visit  to 
England,  to  Mr.  Merrill,  manager  of  the  U.L.C,  Chicago  :— "As  a 
result  of  all  my  conferences  in  England  with  manufacturers, 
insurance  men,  and  others,  I  am  of  the  belief  that  in  a  considerable 
number  of  cases  English  manufacturers  will  be  likely  to  object  to 
sending  their  products  to  any  authority  in  the  United  States  in 
order  to  secure  insurance  approvals  for  Canada." 

The  chief  engineer  of  the  U.L.C.  was  in  England  as  recently  as 
August- September  last,  and  saw  the  managers  and  representatives 
of  a  number  of  British  insurance  companies  while  staying  in 
London — Mr.  Robinson  having  also  visited  Manchester,  Liverpool 
and  Birmingham,  in  accordance  with  Mr.  Merrill's  desire  that  he 
should  endeavour  to  ascertain  the  attitude  of  English  manu- 
facturers towards  the  Underwriters'  Laboratories.  A  copy  of  Mr. 
Robinson's  letter  or  report  to  Mr.  Merrill,  dated  September  20th 
(see  Appendix  J),  should  be  carefully  studied.  I  give  the  following 
extract  as  stated  above,  in  London  : — 

The  following  was  presented  for  the  consideration  of  the  In- 
surance Managers,  and  was  discussed  to  some  extent : — 

"1.  The  possible  desirability  of  in  some  way  establishing  the 
Underwriters'  Laboratories  in  England  in  order  to  facilitate  its 
business  with  English  manufacturers  and  avoid  misunderstandings 
relative  to  the  approval  of  goods  shipped  into  the  United  States  and 
Canada. 

"  2.  The  question  of  what  connections  could  be  made  and 
the  best  method  for  the  conduct  of  the  business  in  case  it  was 
considered  desirable  to  establish  the  Underwriters'  Laboratories  in 
England." 

I  am  of  the  opinion  that  there  is  a  genuine  desire  on  this  side, 
both  by  the  Canadian  Fire  Underwriters'  Association  and  the 
U.L.C,  to  remove  any  cause  for  complaint  which  the  British  manu- 
facturer labours  under,  but  the  insurance  companies  are  not  going 
(I  think  rightly)  to  permit  uninspected  goods  to  enter  and  be  used 
from  the  U.K.  or  elsewhere,  because  they  consider  the  risk  is  too 
great ;  an  alternative  method,  therefore,  safeguarding  the  insurance 
companies  operating  in  Canada,  should  be  evolved.  The  solution 
might  be  by — 

1.  A  laboratory  in  Canada  on  the  lines  of  the  U.L.C. 

2.  A  purely  British  laboratory,  referred  to  at  the  end  of  Mr. 
Robinson's  letter  as  "  an  independent  agency." 

3.  A  laboratory  in  England,  to  be  practically  an  oSehoot  of  the 
U.L.  Chicago — run  on  similar  lines,  utilising  the  experience  gained 
at  Chicago,  employing  equally  competent  but  British  consulting  and 
technical  engineers.  "  The  article,"  approved  by  label  or  tab,  to  be 
accepted  by  both  the  British  and  Chicago  Laboratories.  The  same 
system  of  careful  experiment  and  tests  to  be  followed  by  careful 
consideration  of  reports  before  they  are  issued,  and  the  adoption  of 
the  same  or  a  similar  system  of  "  labelling  and  tabs,"  accompanied  by 
some  similar  system  of  inspection. 

I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  last.  No.  3,  would  be  to  the  advantage 
of  the  British  manufacturer  (No.  1  is  open  to  many  of  the  objections 
raised  against  the  Chicago  Laboratories)  ;  it  would  throw  open  to 
our  British  manufacturers  not  only  the  Canadian  but  the  American 
market  (see  Mr.  Robinson's  letter),  as  the  labels  or  tabs  would  carry 
equal  consideration  by  inspectors  throughout  North  America. 
Moreover,  the  policy  should  be  extended,  I  believe,  and  made 
operative  in  Australia,  New  Zealand,  South  Africa,  India — in  fact, 
throughout  the  Empire,  wherever  British  insurance  companies 
operate  and  are  in  a  position  to  insist  on  its  adoption. 

I  venture  to  believe  that,  if  our  leading  manufacturers  are  wise,  they 
will  join  with  the  insurance  companies  and  contribute  towards 
the  initial  cost  of  starting  such  a  laboratory  and  by  annual 
subscription  assist  towards  its  upkeep.  An  understanding  between 
our  manufacturers  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  insurance  companies 
on  the  other,  should  lead  to  the  happiest  results.  It  should  bring 
about  the  extension  of  the  trade  to  Briti.sh  manufacturers  of 
articles,  appliances,  materials,  devices  or  systems  dealing  with  fire 
hazard  in  the  oversea  markets,  and  be  of  advantage  to  British 
insurance  companies  in  the  direction  of  reducing  the  risks  of  "  fire 
hazard." 


The  Value  of  the  Elementary  Electric  Charge.— 

At  the  meeting  of  the  American  Physical  Society  on  November  30th 
a  paper  was  read  on  "The  Value  of  the  Elementary  Electric 
Charge,"  by  Dr.  R.  A.  Millikan,  Professor  of  Physics  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago.  Dr.  Millikan's  demonstration  of  the  ionic  theory 
by  the  behaviour  of  droplets  of  .oil  in  air  when  subjected  to  electric 
forces  has  attracted  wide  attention.  The  present  paper  gives  a 
report  of  the  results  of  the  redetermination  of  all  the  factors  that 
enter  into  the  evaluation  of  the  elementary  electric  charge  by  the 
oil-drop  method.  The  chief  modification  of  the  method  consiste  in 
working  at  all  pressures  between  2  cm.  and  7(5  cm.  of  mercury  in 
order  to  get  an  accurate  value  of  the  correction  term  to  Stokes's  law. 
The  final  result  was  :  c-4'774  x  10"'"  absolute  electrostatic  unite,  « 
standing  for  elementary  electric  charge.  The  probable  error  is  not 
more  than  0'2  per  cent. — Elrct rictil  World. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8;i2,jAN„Auv;),  isiK.]       TIIK    ELECTRICAFi    KMVIKW. 


87 


TRADE     STATISTICS    OF    AUSTRALIA. 


Thk  followinir  statement,  Hhowinif  the  imiX)rtR  of  electrical  and 
similar  (joodH  into  Australia  during  the  year  I'Jll,  is  tnkiai  from 
the  recently  issued  otticial  trade  btatisticH.  The  fnfures  for  HMO  are 
added  for  purposes  of  comparison,  and  notes  of  any  increases  or 
decreases  are  piven  : 


himhaijo  or  graphifo.—  - 

15)10. 

& 

DUl. 

Incrcaao  or 
(IccrnaHO, 

From  United  Kingdom    ... 

„      Ceylon         

,,      United  States 
„      Other  countries 

(!,000 
1,000 
1,000 
2,000 

4,000 
1,000 
2,000 
1,000 

—  2,000 

+        1,000 

—  ],0C0 

Total 

6ti»  and  oil  engiiiex. — 

From  United  Kingdom 
„      France 
„      United  States 
„      Other  countries 

Total 


10,000 


8,000        —       2,000 


126,000 

114,000 

— 

11,000 

1,000 

4,000 

+ 

3  000 

40,000 

41,000 

+ 

1,000 

9,000 

+ 

9,000 

166,000         108,000 


2,000 


lt\gh-»}ieed  reciprocating  steam  engines. — 

From  United  Kingdcm    ...  124,000 

„      Germany     11,000 

„      United  States        ...  40,000 

„       Other  countries    ...  4,000 


classification 

altered 
(eee  below) 


Total 

Iti(/lt  -  speed  recipiocati  ng 
able  and  traction. — 

From  United  Kingdom 
„      United  States 
„      Other  countries 


179,000 
■iteaiii  engine,  port- 
not 
separately 
shown 


Total 


120,000 

61,000 

2,000 

183,000 


not 

separately 

shown 


Other.— 

From  United  Kingdom 
„      United  States 
„      Germany 
„      Other  countries      ...  — 

Total        ...  — 

Dynamo-electric  machines  up  to  200  H.P., 
static  transformers,  induction  coils, 
electric  fans  and  parts  thereof. — 


73,000 
10,000 
4,000 
1,000 

88,000 


From  United  Kingdom 

„  Germany     ... 

„  United  States 

,,  Sweden 

,,  France 

„  Italy 

„  Switzerland... 

„  Other  countries 

Total 


129,000 
23,000 
73,000 
5,000 
3,000 
4,000 
2,000 
4,000 


141,000 
36,000 
90,000 
6,000 
5,000 
4,000 
1,000 
1,000 


12,000 

13,000 

17,000 

1,000 

2,000 

1,000 
3,000 


243,000         284,000         +     41,000 


Dynamo-electric  machines  over  200  H.P.,  and 
varts. — 

!From  United  Kingdom    ., 
„      Germany     ... 
,,      United  States 
,,      Other  countries     ., 


22,000 

17,000 

— 

5,000 

1,000 

2,000 

+ 

1,000 

3,000 

9,000 

+ 

6,000 

— 

1,000 

+ 

1,000 

Total 


26,000 


29,000         +       3,000 


Generators  for  direct  coupling  to  .steam  engines. — 

26,000 


From  United  Kingdom 
„      Germany     ... 

Total 


5,000 
7,000 


12,000 


+     21,000 
—       7,000 


26,000         +     14,000 


Bei/ulotinr/,  starting  and  controlling  iijijiriratvs 
for  all  electrical  purposes,  including  dis- 
trihutiiig  hoards  and  twitchhoards,  except 
teleph  one  switch  boards. — 

From  United  Kingdom    ...  19,000 

„      Germany     3,000 

„      United  States         ...  17,000 

,,      Other  countries      ...  2,000 


Total 


21,000 
7,000 

23,000 
1,000 


41,000  52,000 


Five-heated  economizers,  mechanical  stokers, 
steam  traps,  steam  turbines,  superheater*, 
water  purifiers. — 

From  United  Kingdom    ...  56,000 

„      Other  countries      ...  — 


Total 


56,000 


82,000 
1,000 

83,000 


+  2,000 

+  4.000 

+  6,000 

—  1,000 

+  11,000 


+     26,000 
+       1,000 


1910. 


IIMI. 


Iligh-s/ieed  revi prorating  steam  enginrt  for 
direct  coupling  or  directly  ciniplrd  In 
electric  generators  or  to  jrump»,~ 

From  United  Kingdom    ...  30,000  37,000 

Moliie-puuer  machinery  not  elseirhere  specified. — 


Inr.rr.^Mm  or 
d*cr«as«. 


7,000 


From  United  Kingdom    ... 

192,(K)0 

214,000 

+ 

22,000 

„      France         , 

5,000 

1 1 ,000 

+ 

r,.(A)0 

,,      Germany     , 

6,000 

9,000 

+ 

3,(X)0 

„      Switzerland 

1,000 

3,000 

+ 

2,o<:o 

„      United  States 

72,000 

91,000 

+ 

19.000 

„      Other  countries 

3,000 

6,C00 

+ 

2,000 

Total 


279,000         33.3,000         +     64,000 


Electroliers,  gojioliers,  pendants,  brackets,  ,Vc.- 

From  United  Kingdom    ...  26,000 

,,      Germany      2,000 

„      Other  countries      ...  1,000 


Total 


29,000 


Electric   fittings  and    appliances ;    siritches, 
fuses  and  lightning  arresters. — 

From  United  Kingdom    ...  20,000 

„      Germany      6,000 

„      United  States         ...  6,000 

„      Other  countries     ...  3,000 


26,000 
1,000 
1,000 

— 

1,000 

28,000 

1,000 

29,000 
8,000 
9,000 
1,000 

+ 
+ 

9,000 
2,000 
3,000 
2,000 

Total        ...  35,000 

Elect rio  heating  and  cooking  apjdiances. — 


47,000         +      12,000 


From  United  Kingdom 
„      United  States 

Total 


2,000 


2,000 

Other  electric   liglit  and  gas  appliances 
(^e,rcept  gas  meters). — 

From  United  Kingdom    ...  79,000 

„      Germany     43,000 

„      United  States         ...  19,000 

„      Other  countries      ...  13,000 


2,000 
1,000 

+ 

1,000 

3,000 

+ 

1,000 

88,000 
47,000 
22,000 
14,000 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

9,000 
4,000 
3.000 
1,000 

Total 

Bails,  fishplates,  Si'c,  for  railway 

From  United  Kingdom    ... 

„      Belgium      

„      Germany     

„      United  States 
„      Other  countries 

Total 


164,000        171,000 
r  and  tramways. — 


400,000 
15,000 
34,000 

372,000 


499,000 

43,000 

211,000 

309,000 

18,000 


+     17,000 


+  99,000 

+  28,000 

+  177,000 

—  63,000 

+  18,000 


821,000      1,080,000         +  259.000 


Telephones,  telephone  switchboards  and  appliances. — 

From  United  Kingdom    ...  46,000  67,000 

,,      Germany      5,000  7,000 

„      Belgium      10,000  18,000 

„      Sweden         40,000  32,000 

„      United  States         ...  3,000  10,000 

„    Other  countries        ...  1,000  3,000 


Total 


106,000        137,000 


21,000 
2,000 
8,(00 
8,CO0 
7,000 
2,000 

32,000 


Electrical  articles  :  Accumulators,  arc  lamps, 
arc  lamp  carbons,  cable  and  wire  covered, 
carbon  xn  blocks  of  12  sq.  in.  and  orer. elec- 
trical vacuum  tubes,  measuring  and  record- 
ing instruments, prepared  insulating  tape. — 
From  United  Kingdom  , 
„  France 
„  Germany 
„  United  States 
„      Other  countries 


Total 

Iron  and  steel  wire. — 

From  United  Kingdom 
„  .    Belgium 
„      Germany     ... 
„      United  States 
Other  countries 


277,000    . 

430,000 

+ 

153,000 

3,000 

3,000 

— 

61,000 

106,000 

+ 

45.000 

10,000 

18,000 

+ 

8,000 

7,000 

16,000 
573,000 

+ 

+ 

9,000 

358,000 

215,000 

116,000 

111,000 



5,000 

14,000 

21,000 

+ 

7,000 

381,000 

320,000 

— 

61,000 

180,000 

267,000 

+ 

87.000 

9,000 

27,000 

+ 

18,000 

Total 


700,000         746,000         +     46,000 


+     27,000 


Patent  Re  vocation.^  An  order  has  been  made  revoking 
patent  No.  26,810  of  1909,  granted  to  the  Mining  Engineering  Co., 
Ltd.,  and  Charles  Christiansen  for  "  Improvements  in  chucks  for 
rock  drills." 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.72.  No.i,832,januabt3.  lom, 


ANOTHER  VIEW  ON  THE  CO-PARTNERSHIP 
QUESTION. 


Bv   W.   T.    WARDALE,   A.M.I.E.E. 


The   idea  of  co-partnership  is  at  present  the  fashionable 
remedy  for  all  industrial  unrest,  and  there  is  in  many  quarters 
a  good  deal  of  suri)rise  expressed  that  the  idea  has  not  caught 
on  with  the  industrial  classes  to  any  very  great  extent.     In 
the   opinion    of   the   writer    the   cause    of   this    want    of 
enthusiasm, outside  of  one  or  two  monopolistic  trades,  is  to  be 
found  in  the  fact  that  whilst  the  iiiinudiate  reward  in  the 
shape  of  extra  wages  is  not  great,  the  reward  offered  in  tie 
form  of  capital  interest  in  the  concern  is  also  slowly  acquired, 
and.  moreover,  for   a   long  time  the  effect  on  the  weekly 
income  of  the  workman  is  (|uite  insiguiticant.     There  is  also 
the  fact  to  be  recognised  that  the  method  in  which  capital 
is  allotted  to  the  workman  savours  too  often  of  charity  or 
condescension  and  carries  with  it  the  yielding  up  of  treasured 
rights  in  the  way  of  strikes,  &c.     Now  all  of  these  scliemes 
in  one  way  or  another  tend  to  make  the  workman  feel  that 
he   is   under   restriction,  they  do  not  give  him  any  great 
incentive  to  strenuous  personal  efforts  owing  to  the  com- 
parative smallness  of  the  reward,  and  they  are  in  many  cases 
open  to  the  fatsil  objections  that  the  capital  so  obtained  must 
not  be  disposed  of  without  special  permission  from  the  firm, 
and  often  in  return  to  some  extent  for  this  capital  being 
held  up  as  indicated,  the  interest  is  guaranteed.     Both  the 
above  points  are  bad  ;  they  do  not  give  the  workman  the 
elementary   right  of  every   holder  of  property   to  dispose 
of  it  when  and  how  he  desires  ;  the  man,   therefore,   has 
the    feeling   that   the  shares  do  not  really  belong  to  him 
as    they    should    do,    and    that    he   has    been    led     into 
surrendering   old-established   and  valuable  rights  in  return 
for  something  and  nothing.      In  the  opinion  of  the  writer  a 
most  serious  objection  is  that,  the  interest  being  guaranteed, 
the  workman  does  not  experience  the  eifect  of  the  ebb  and 
flovv  Df  trade  through  his  dividend,  and  therefore  is  as  far  as 
ever  from  realising  from  practical  experience  that  the  bolJing 
of  share  capital  in  any  industrial  concern  does  not  mean  the 
sure  and  rapid  acquisition  of  wealth.     Given  the  sympathy  of 
the  working  classes  most  of  the  labour  troubles  will  vanish, 
but  this  sympathy  cannot  be  obtained  for  trifling  advances  in 
wages  and  the   holding  of  small  amounts  of  share  capital 
under  privilege.     To  get  the  best  result  it  is  necessary  to 
make  the  workman  and  the  shareholder  as  far  as  possible  into 
the  same  person,  but  the  share  capital  must  be  bis  without 
doubt  and  free  from  all  restriction.     The  only  way  to  enable 
such  conditions  to  obtain  is  to  enable  the  men  to  earn  by 
their  increased  and  maintained  efforts  considerably  more  than 
an   ordinary   week's   wage.     It  will   doubtless   be   at   once 
suggested  that  piecework  and  premium  bonus  systems  have 
been  tried,  and  that  where  they  have  been  a  marked  success  the 
workman  has  through  his  trade  union  objected  to  and  got 
rid  of  them.     Whilst  this  statement  is  partly  correct,  it  does 
not,  however,  include  all  the  factors  which  are  necessary  to 
properly  consider  the  situation.     The  reason  must  be  sought 
as  to  why  the  men   have  been  anxious  to  get  rid  of  these 
systems.     The  old  stock  argument  that  the  men  are  blinded 
by  their  leaders  into  accepting  the  opinion  of  the  latter  to 
the  effect  that  these  systems  are  hurtful  to  the  men  individu- 
ally and  as  a  body,  is  altogether  too  vague  and  true  of  only 
a  small  proportion  of  the  men  :  a  large  body  of  men  will 
not  allow  themselves  to  be  deprived  of  a  much  larger  income 
than  is  usual,  merely  in  order  to  please  tlieir  Trade  Union 
leader,  without  there  being  some  initial  grievance  to  start  the 
matter.     In  those   works   in  which  no  advantage  has  ever 
been  taken  of  the  men  in  order  to  drop  their  prices  on   the 
flimsiest   of   pretexts,  bonus   and   piece   systems  have,  and 
Btill  do,  work  well.      I'ut  where  it  is  a  rule  tliat,  as  soon 
as  a  man   regularly  earns   more  than  a  (quarter  above  the 
usual  time  wage,  the  price  per  piece  is  dropped,  and  this 
game  is  carried  on  until  the  men  are  working  at  exceptional 
speed,  merely  for  a  trifle  over  the  wage  obtained  unfler  day- 
work  terms,  trouble  is  sure  to  ensue.     That  this  rule  held 
good  in  a  certain  district,  the  writer  knows  beyond  dispute, 
»ad  also  the  fact  that,  in  the  face  of  a  most  definite  promise 


not  to  cut  the  rate  under  a  premium  bonus  system  unkss  the 
design  had  been  altered  or  more  efticient  tools  given  to  tie 
men,  the  most  trifling  and  useless  differences  have  been  made 
in  the  shape  of  one  or  two  portions  of  the  particular  piece, 
and  this  piece  brought  forward  as  an  entirely  new  job,  with  n 
new  job  number,  and,  of  course,  a  much  lowered  price  per 
piece.  It  is  these  tactics  which  have  been  the  means  of 
confirming  ui  the  minds  of  the  men  the  tradition  handed 
down  to  them,  and  kept  alive  by  their  leaders,  that  the 
employer  is  their  natural  and  inveterate  enemy,  using  his 
better  education  to  trip  up  and  take  advantage  of  them  at 
every  possible  chance  ;  we  usually  then  have  the  spectacle  c  f 
the  j)Ci'sons  who  have  been  responsible  for  these  tactics 
soundly  abusing  the  men  because  they  do  not  work  to  turn 
out  and  earn  as  much  as  they  could  do. 

Would  any  of  us  who  are  in  official  positions,  I  wonder, 
feel  encouraged  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  our  particular 
departments,  if,  by  doing  so,  we  found,  at  the  end  of  the 
half-year,  that  we  should  in  future  be  required  to  take  charge 
of,  and  be  responsible  for,  turning  out  a  matter  of  ."lO  per 
cent,  more  work  for  no  further  increase  in  salary,  but  a  good 
chance  of  the  work  demanded  for  the  same  salar}'  again 
increasing  if  we  had  another  record  half-year  ? 

There  must  then  be  established,  first  of  all,  in  connection 
with  any  such  scheme  the  absolute  confidence  of  the  men, 
and  it  also  follows  that  this  confidence  must  never  in  any 
way  be  shaken.  (Hven  this,  the  writer  suggests  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  regular  piecework  or  bonus  system  depending 
on  the  class  of  work  carried  out.  The  men  to  understand 
that  the  man  earning  the  biggest  wage  will  be  the  man  best 
liked  in  the  place,  and  that  in  event  of  trade  becomhig  bad, 
the  men  who  are  capable  of  and  willing  to  earn  the  big 
wages,  will  be  the  men  who  will  be  kept  on,  and  that  any 
men  not  earning  the  amount  they  might  wDl  be  supplanted 
by  others  who  will.  Then  offer  to  take  care  of  any  savings 
the  men  may  make  until  the  amount  reaches  £10  :  when 
this  amount  is  reached,  issue  in  return  for  it  a  share 
certificate  for  the  full  amount,  the  firm  paying  all  charges, 
such  as  stamp  duties,  and  hand  the  certificate  over  to  tie 
man  with  the  absolute  right  to  sell  it  the  next  minute  if 
he  so  desires.  If  the  qualification  for  a  directorship  be,  say, 
£100,  then  allow  the  shareholding  men  to  elect  from  amongst 
their  number  a  representative  on  the  board  for  every  £100 
so  held.  Whilst  the  men  have  their  money  on  deposit  with 
the  firm,  it  would  pay  the  firm  to  allow  5  per  cent,  interest 
on  the  amount  deposited,  on  the  understanding  that  if,  when 
the  necessary  £10  were  saved,  the  money  was  not  invested 
with  the  firm,  it  must  be  drawn  out  and  the  chance  of  the 
f)  per  cent,  interest  lost.  A  man,  of  course,  could  be 
allowed  to  invest  as  many  £10  as  he  could  save. 

The  question  then  arises,  can  the  men  under  any  such 
system  earn  sufficient  to  enable  them  to  lay  by  enough  money 
in  a  short  time  to  accomplish  this  idea  ?  The  answer  is  un- 
doubtedly in  the  affirmative. 

The  following  incident  will  amply  illustrate  this.  About 
a  year  ago  the  writer  was  invited  to  read  a  paper  before  the 
Engineering  Society  in  a  northern  textile  town,  and  chose 
for  his  subject  the  question  of  factory  driving.  The  only 
person  known  in  the  town  was  a  solicitor,  who  was  good 
enough  to  propose  tea  at  his  club,  and  the  support  his  pre- 
sence would  afford  at  the  reading  of  the  paper.  During 
a  pleasant  chat  over  tea  a  gentleman  joined  us  who 
was.  with  his  brothers,  one  of  the  largest  textile  men  in  the 
town,  as  they  owned  six  large  mills.  It  was  not  long  before 
my  fiiend  mentioned  the  object  of  my  visit,  whicli  at  once 
led  to  an  interesting  convei-sation  on  power  production. 
Then  came  the  following  observation  :  "  It  is,  of  course, 
always  acceptable  to  us  to  have  you  engineers  showing  us 
how,  by  adopting  various  methods,  we  can  save  so  much  a 
year  :  but  can  you  show  us  how  to  stop  a  waste  which  costs 
the  mills,  which  belong  to  our  firm  alone,  thousands  of 
pounds  per  week  ?  "  "  I  refer,"  he  continued,  "to the  waste 
which  takes  place  owing  to  stuff  not  being  produced,  which 
ought  to  be  produced,  and  which  could  be  produced  by  our 
people  if  they  would."  He  then  unfolded  a  tale  of  deepest 
interest  to  employer  and  workman  alike.  Before  one  pro- 
cess in  their  mills  could  be  carried  out  it  was  necefsary  for 
a  pattern  card  to  be  made,  and  these  patterns  had  to  be 
made  on  hand-worked  looms.  In  going  into  the  matter  of 
their  costs  of  production,  he  was  constantly  met  by  the  fact 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8:t2,.TANUAuv:i,  i'..i:i.|      THE    ELECTIIICAL    REVIEW. 


:J9 


tlmt  tlicy  were  being  delayed  time  iiftcr   time  by  llic  wiiitiii^ 
for  piitternH. 

It  was  not  only  inconvenient  to  the  firm  to  put  down 
further  imnd  looms  for  this  work,  but  he  was  convinced 
that  it  wus  (|uite  nnnceessary,  provided  that  the  men 
would  turn  out  the  amount  which  they  were  able  to. 
His  firm,  he  informed  me,  had  always  paid  for  this  work 
;<08.  i)er  week,  though  the  district  rate  was  2K8.  a  week.  He 
announced  to  his  brothers  that  lie  intended  to  take  this 
matter  in  hand,  iuid  to  that  end  cjdled  his  pattern  card  men 
together,  and  told  them  that  the  firm  had  come  to  the  con- 
clusion that  more  work  could  b(^  obtained  from  those  looms 
than  was  being  done,  adding  that  he  had  considered  what  he 
could  offer  them  as  a  commercially  possible  proposition,  in 
order  to  make  it  worth  their  while  to  turn  more  work  out. 
lie  then  offered  them  an  advance  of  2s.  a  week,  making  the 
wage  82s.  a  week,  and  Is.  above  the  regulation  trade  rate 
being  paid  in  the  town.  Work  was  settled  down  to  under 
these  conditions,  and  for  a  time  some  increase  took  place  in 
the  amount  of  work  done  per  loom  ;  but  still  the  amount  was 
less  than  what  the  owners  thought  easily  possible.  In  one 
or  two  cases  men  had  to  be  stopped  for  definitely  refusing  to 
try  to  turn  out  more  work,  though  they  took  the  extra 
money  readily  enough  ;  to  each  applicant  for  a  vacancy,  and 
the  conditions  being  known  there  were  numerous  applicants, 
the  following  statement  was  made  : — '*  This  is  the  best  offer 
which  we  can  make  yon  for  a  weekly  wage  on  this  class  of 
work,  the  conditions  under  which  we  have  to  compete  for 
orders  prevent  us  offering  any  more  ;  we  are  offering  you 
better  terms  than  anyone  else  ;  what,  therefore,  are  you  pre- 
pared to  do  for  us  in  return  ':  "  The  usual  reply  was,  "AVell, 
I  can  make  a  pattern  card  as  well  as  any  man,  and  I  am 
prepared  to  do  so."  The  man  was  then  greatly  surprised  to  be 
told  that  this  was  not  the  point,  the  matter  being  then  stated 
again  definitely,  "  We  are  doing  the  best  we  can  for  you  ;  are 
you  in  return  prepared  to  do  your  very  best  for  us — to 
turn  out  all  the  work  of  which  you  are  capable  ? '"  The 
usual  reply  was  that  they  would  try  to  make  the  very  best 
use  of  their  time  and  abilities.  The  system  settled  down, 
and  for  a  time  the  output  increased,  but  not  to  the  extent 
which  the  proprietors  thought  to  be  easily  possible. 

The  next  step  taken  in  the  matter  was  to  call  the  pattern 
card  hands  together,  and  to  inform  them  that  the  cost  to  the 
firm  of  their  patterns  was  too  high — viz.,  4s.  Gd.,  and  that 
the  extra  weekly  wage  was  to  be  abolished.  The  firm  then 
set  the  whole  of  the  pattern  hands  on  to  work  at  a  piece 
price  of  3s.  6d.  per  pattern  woven.  At  this  point  my  friend 
asked  if  there  had  been  any  objection  to  the  price  named, 
the  manufacturer  replying,  "  Yes,  to  some  extent,  but  we 
have  always  treated  our  people  fairly,  and  so  they  elected  to 
try  it.  Now  then,"  he  said,  "  mark  the  result :  to-day  these 
same  people,  who  were  turning  out  their  utmost — at  least, 
so  they  assured  us— on  a  weekly  wage  of  32s.,  are  now  drawing 
regularly,  week  by  week,  42s.,  4.Js.,  and  some  even  as  high 
as  r)2s.  and  55s.  in  the  case  of  one  or  two  very  expert  men. 
Our  patterns  now  cost  us  only  3s.  6d.  each,  we  get  twice  the 
work  through  the  pattern  department  at  least,  and  that  with 
the  same  capital  cost  for  machines  as  before,  the  same  cost 
for  land  value,  taxes,  rates,  lighting  and  insurance  of  the 
buildings,  and  also  for  the  insurance  on  account  of  the  Com- 
pensation Act,  and  we  have  been  enabled  to  set  to  work  a 
large  number  of  weavers  in  other  departments  of  our  mills 
whom  we  could  not  employ  previously,  as  we  could  not 
get  the  patterns  through  fast  enough  to  keep  them 
employed." 

"Now,  then,"  he  finally  asked,  "what  is  your  remedy,  as 
engineers,  for  this  state  of  affairs  r  If  it  could  be  applied 
all  round,  wherever  possible,  both  our  workpeople  and  our 
manufacturers  would  be  very  much  better  off,  and  we  should 
have  such  a  pull  in  the  markets  of  the  world  that  this 
country  would  always  be  full  of  work."  In  bidding  him 
good  evening,  after  listening  to  his  most  interesting 
account,  I  half  answered  this  question  as  to  what  engineers, 
who  seek  so  strenuously  after  efficiency,  are  going  to 
recommend  in  the  matter,  by  reminding  him  that 
it  was  a  totally  different  matter  to  come  down  to  a 
plant  which  was  wrong,  and  set  it  right,  and  to  deal 
with  so  complex  a  quantity  as  human  nature  in  the 
shape  either  of  workmen  or  manufacturers,  I  could 
not,   however,    help    thinking  how   great    a  pity   it    was 


that   similar  conditions  could    not   Ix-   iirninged    for   many 
other  industries. 

Just  for  a  moment  or  two  let  ub  consider  the  effect  on  the 
daily  life  conditions  of  the  fxjoplc  of  such  a  movement.  Wkx*-. 
is  a  iKxly  of  operatives  brought  upon,  and  living  ac^;fjrding  \i> 
their  own  id<u«  on,  a  weekly  income  of  2Hb.  By  means  of 
some  method  similar  to  that  just  dew:rilx;d,  the  inajme  of 
each  individual  o|H;rative  is  increased  to  say  only  40b.  a 
week,  is  it  then  impossible  to  the  British  workman's  nature  to 
act  as  follows  : — Say  Ts.  [X!r  week  spent  in  making  life  Ijetter 
worth  living  and  more  comfortable,  and  .Os.  paid  regularly 
week  by  week  into  the  share  purchasing  fund  aa  outlined 
previously.  Surely  if  the  workmen  be  a-ssured  of  freedom 
from  the  old  style  inicjuitous  price-cutting  system,  the  IjetUir 
end  of  them  will  soon  readily  grasp  the  idea  and  gladly  fall 
in  with  it.  The  workman  would  thus  become  a  shareholder 
solely  by  his  own  self-denial  and  in  hLs  own  rights  without 
any  suggestion  of  charity  or  condescension  about  the  matter, 
and  with  absolute  freedom  if  he  so  desired  to  raise  a  loan  at 
the  bank  on  his  share  certificate  either  for  backing  his 
favourite  at  the  Derby  or  any  other  little  foolishness  or 
wisdom. 

Doubtless  many  of  the  present-day  Trade-Union  members 
may  object  to  such  a  scheme  on  the  grounds  that  it  is  only 
another  fancy  method  of  persuading  the  workman  to 
speed  up  and  ultimately  to  entice  him  from  the  Trade 
Union.  If  the  Union  leaders  will  not  give  any  such  system 
a  trial,  then  they  may  depend  upon  it  that  they  will 
suffer  the  loss  of  the  most  intelligent  of  the  workers 
one  by  one  as  they  make  trial  of  and  find  such  a  system  a 
great  help  and  benefit  to  them  in  their  efforts  to  obtain 
something  better  than  a  fixed  rate  of  wages  on  a  somewhat 
low  level,  which  wage  and  conditions  are  enjoyed  by 
their  fellows,  be  they  far  less  skilful  and  willing  or  not. 
It  must  also  be  remembered  that  as  Government  sickness 
and  out-of-work  provision  may  become  general  to  all  trades, 
the  benefits  to  be  obtained  solely  from  a  Trade  Union  will 
not  be  so  numerous  as  they  are  to-day,  whilst  the  fact  that 
the  policy  of  the  Union  is  against  the  better  opportunities 
offered  for  a  man  to  make  himself  more  independent  will 
take  away  many  possible  members.  There  need  be  no  fear 
that  the  Unions  would  be  gradually  deprived  of  their 
members  and  also  of  their  usefulness,  as  there  would  always 
be  the  necessity  for  the  discussion  of  prices,  with  the  differ- 
ence from  the  present  day  price  discussion,  that  the  workers 
would  have  amongst  their  number  many  who  had  a  distinct 
interest  in  the  firm,  and  who  would  therefore  be  more 
inclined  to  see  both  sides  of  the  question.  There  would  also 
be  plenty  of  work  for  the  Unions  to  do  in  such  matters  as 
encouraging  the  younger  members  to  fit  themselves  for 
managerial  positions  by  providing  scholarships  at  the  local 
technical  institutes  for  such  of  their  members  who  had 
passed  at  least  three  years  in  the  works  and  who  were  deve- 
loping into  reliable  craftsmen — youths  who  had  already 
shown  by  their  efforts  at  the  evening  schools  that  they  were 
capable  of  something  better  than  a  working  position,  and 
also  that  they  were  ready  to  do  the  necessary  study  to  fit 
themselves  for  the  higher  posts.  Another  way  in  which  the 
Unions  could  do  useful  work  would  be  in  making  firmer  and 
extending  the  superannuation  benefits. 

If,  however,  the  attitude  of  the  unions  is  to  be  one  of 
bitter  hostility,  then  they  will  have  to  face  the  fact  that  the 
speeding  up  will  nevertheless  take  place,  and  that  it  will  take 
place  under  the  present  rates  of  wages,  the  workman  thus 
being  worse  off  to  the  extent  of  the  extra  money  he  could  have 
earned  under  some  such  system  as  indicated.  When  he  finds 
that  this  has  been  the  result  of  following  the  advice  of  his 
leaders,  will  he  still  be  willing  to  obey  and  follow  out  their 
further  advice  ?  Will  not  the  danger  be  then  that  the 
Unions  will  fall  to  pieces  owing  to  the  fact  that  they  have 
rendered  things  worse  and  not  better  for  their  trade  'i 
Depend  upon  it.  that  just  as  the  workman  of  to-day  is 
sufficiently  educated  to  refuse  to  work  under  conditions 
which  his  father  thought  to  be  heaven-sent  and  inevitable,  so 
will  the  time  soon  come  when  the  new  generation  will  see, 
and  see  clearly,  that  it  will  either  be  some  form  of  partner- 
ship or  an  increased  speed  of  work  for  the  present  rate  of 
wages. 

Co-partnership  under  the  above  conditions  can  and  does 
work  successfully  in  more  than  one  industrial  works,  which 


40 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.         [Vol.  72.    No  1,832,  January  i,  1913. 


have  to  comjiete  in  the  open  markets  for  work.  They  are 
successful  because  they  are  scrupulously  fair  to  the  workman 
and  not  in  any  way  charitable. 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copiee  of  any  of  the  SpeciBcations  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  285,  High  Holborn,  W.C.,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stampe). 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR.     1912. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 

Coinpiled  expressly  for  this  oamal  by  Messbs.  W.  P.  Thompbon  &  Ck>., 
Electrical  Patent  Agents.  28S.  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


28,929.  "Tube  coupling  for  electrical  circuits  and  other  purposes."  J.  H. 
Jackson.    December  IClh. 

38,990.  " Engine  starting  apparatus."  P.  M.  Jistiie.  (Nortb-East  Electric 
Co.,  United  States.)    December  lllih.    (Complete) 

38,944.  "Apparatus  for  connecting  conducting  and  other  wires."  A.  Fodor, 
(Addition  to  2:),618  of  1907.)    December  16(h.     (Complete.) 

38,953.  "  Salicylate  electrolytes  for  use  in  the  electrolytic  deposition  of 
metals  or  metallic  alloys."     P.  Makiku.    December  ICth.    (Complete.) 

38,9fi7.  "  Electric  current  transformers."  E.  C.  Wkscott.  December  16th. 
(Complete.) 

38,977.  "  Electric  circuit  closing  apparatus."  H.  Wade.  (Protective  Signal 
Manufacturing  Co.,  United  States.)    December  IGtb.    (Complete.) 

28,979.  "Conduits  and  electric  conductors."  H.  O.  Coventry  and  G. 
RcsBTON.    December  Kith. 

38,997.  "  Apparatus  (or  the  electric  stimulation  of  mnsoles."  L,  B.  Miller. 
December  17th. 

39,006.  "  Air-drivoD  turbine  for  generating  electric  current  for  driving  an 
electric  motor-car."    J.  T.  Bicki^r,    December  17ih. 

59.035.  "  Miners'  electric  lamps."  J.  Morrison  and  R.  8.  Gbeenhalgh. 
December  17th. 

29.036.  "Electric  telephones."     L.  O.  Hammer.    December  17th. 

39,042.  "  Devices  for  cleaning  the  globes  of  electric  arc  lamps  and  the  like." 
R.  L.  Ireland  and  C.  A.  Cbailin.     December  17th. 

29.057.  "Printing  telegraphs"  E.  C.  R.  Mark.*;.  (General  Engineering 
and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.,  Canada.)    December  17lh.    (Complete.) 

29,082.  "  Gyroscope  which  may  be  used  in  combination  with  a  non-magnetic 
compass  or  with  other  instrument  or  apparatus."  E.  Klahn.  December  17th. 
(Complete.) 

29,091.  "  Ignition  systems."  C.  F.  Kettering.  (Divided  application  on 
28,903/11,  December  22nd.  Convention  date,  April  17th,  1911,  United  States.) 
December  17th.    (Complete.) 

29,104.  "Electric  gas  lamps."  F.  Bkaupv.  (Convention  date,  April  18th, 
1912,  Germany.)    December  17th.    (Complete.) 

39,122.  "  Apparatus  for  injecting  fuel  into .  internal-combustion  engines,  and 
means  for  igniting  the  same."  E.  C.  Blackstone,  F.  Carter  and  E.  Carter. 
December  18th. 


39,149.  "Electric  lamps  for  motor  vehicles."  A.  A.  Godin.  December 
18(h. 

39.160.  "  Electric  arc  lamps."  F.  K.  Boardman,  R.  V,  Boabdmam  and  F. 
Boardman.    December  18th.    (Complete.) 

29,170.  "  Electric  bandages,  compresses,  and  the  like."  E.  Moribot, 
December  18th.     (Complete.) 

29,201.  "Illuminators  or  reflectors  applicable  to  electric  or  other  adver- 
tising signs,  and  the  like."     W.  Goclton.    December  19th. 

29,244.  "  Secondary  batteries  or  accumulators."  G.  C.  Knioht.  December 
19(b. 

29.268.  "  Obtaining  unidirectional  high-tension  discharges."  Sir  O.  J. 
Lodge  and  L.  Lodoe.     December  19th. 

39.269.  "  High-tension  insulators."  Sir  0.  J.  Lodge  and  L.  Loose.  December 
19th. 

29,281.  "  Incandescent  electric  lamps."  E.  A.  Graba»  and  W.  J.  Rickets. 
December  19th. 

29,297.  "  Electric  transformers."  British  Thomson-Hodston  Co.,  Ltd.,  and 
E.  B.  Wedmohf.    December  19th. 

29,302.  "  Electric  bull's-eye  lanterns  or  the  like."  S.  Stern  and  British 
Ever  Ready  ELEcrRicAi.  Co.,  Ltd.     December  19th.    (Complete.) 

39.310.  "  Device  for  facilitating  the  removal  or  attachment  of  electric  lamp 
shades."    W.  8.  Ross.    December  20th. 

29.311.  "  Tell-tale  or  alarm  mechanism  (or  use  in  connection  with  engine- 
room  telegraphs."    H.  Smith.     (J.  D.  Smith,  High  Seas.)    December  20th. 

29,328.  "  Working  Tyer's  railway  block  telegraph  instruments  and  the  like." 
W.  RicHAKDsoN  and  Ma.toii  McCali.cm.    December  'JOth. 

39,334.  "Apparatus  for  locating  ignition  faults  in  explosive  engines."  A.C, 
BenseiT  and  E.  O.  BiRN.    December  20th.  '     ; 

29.338.  "  Regulation  of  the  pressure  of  electrical  generation  systems 
employing  rotary  converters."  Siemens  Bros.  Dtnamo  Works,  Ltd.,  and  J.  C. 
Wilson.    December  20th. 

39.349.  "  Electrical  connector."    H.  Hirst  and  G.  MAURirs.    December  20th. 

29.350.  "Construction  of  electric  irons."  H.  Hirst  and  Q.  Maurice. 
December  20th. 

29,ail,  29,352,  29,353,  29,364,  29,355,  29,856,  29,857,  29,358,  29,359,  29,360 
and  29,387.  "Telephone  systems."  Automatic  Telephone  Manu- 
KACTi-RiNO  Co.,  Ltd.  (Automatic  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)  November 
20th.    (Complete.) 

29,872.  "  Electric  contact  devices  of  the  Swan  type."  R.  Haddan.  (Ludeu- 
scheider  Metallwerke  Akt.-Ges.  vorm.  Jul.  Fischer  and  Basse,  Germany.) 
December  20th.    (Complete.) 

39,875.  "  Method  of  charging  condensers  in  parallel  and  discharging  them 
in  series."  Compaonie  Generale  RADioTELEGRAPBiyuE.  (Convention  date, 
December  2l8t,  1911,  Germany.)    December  20th.    (Complete.) 

29,S!M.  "Method  of  rcproducingelectri-!  variations."  H.  De  Forest  Arnold. 
(Convention  date,  July  15th,  1912,  United  States.)    December  20th.    (Complete.) 

39,889.  "Refractory  materials."  British  Thomson-Holbton  Co.,  Ltd. 
(General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    December  20th. 

29,396.  "Means  for  securing  the  globes,  shades  or  the  like  of  electric  light 
fittings."    B.  Lax.     December  20th.    (Complete.) 

29,409.  "  Method  of  diminis'hing  the  electromotive  forces  induced  in  the 
commutation  zones  of  commutator  machines."  A.  Hevlamo.  (Convention 
date,   December  20tb,  1911,  Germany.)    December  20th.    (Complete.) 

39,416.  "  Telegraphic  receiving  apparatus  adapted  to  actuate  a  perforator, 
typewriter  or  analogous  device."  A.  C.  Babonio  and  K.  L.  Wood. 
December  30th. 

29,433.  "  Gear  for  electrically  operating  machine  tools  and  the  like." 
J,  P.  Hall.    December  21st. 

39.460.  "Combined  windmill  and  dynamo-electric  machinery."  J.  A. 
Leemiro.    December  3Ut. 

29,456.  "  Electric  accumulators."  B.  Heap  and  Chloride  Electrical 
Btobaoe  Co.,  Ltd.    December  21st. 

29.461.  "Means  and  method  of  operating  liquid  electric  controllers  and 
■tarten."    R,  F.  Baeblocbeb  and  A.  West  &  Co.,  Ltd.    December  2lBt. 


1911 

Process  For  ReddciNo  Bolvulk  Metal  Salts  for  the  Purpose  of  Subsei^uently 

Electrolvtically  Depositino  the   Metals  present  in  said  Salts.    P. 

Marino.    24,562.    November  4tli. 
Illuminated  Signs,  Illuminated  Advertisements  and  the  uke.    C.  P.  Giundy 

and  J.  W.  Browne.    27,007.     December  2nd. 
Illuminated  Signalling  Apparatus  or  the  like.    Westinghouse  Brake  Co. 

and  H.  G.  Brown.    27,275.     December  5th. 
Matrices  for  KLEciRnTYPES.    F.  V.  Pershke,  E.  H.  Rudd  and  W.  Matthews. 

27,399.     December  6tb. 
Prime  Power  Generator  known  asaHydbodynamo.  C.  H.  Howland-Shearman. 

27,623.    December  8th. 
Miners'    Safety    Lamp    Electric    Light    Fitting.      D.    Morrison.     28,420. 

December  18tli. 
Secondary  ok  Storage  Batteries     W.  Clark.    (Compagnie  Internationali-  des 

Accumulateurs  Vedeka.)'  29,318.    December  29th. 


1912. 

Electric    Clocks.      British    Thomson-Houston   Co,  -and   F,    Holden.     733. 

January  9th. 
Method  of  Neutralising  Electric  Charges  Formed  on  Textiles,  Fibres, 

Paper  and  like  Materials  during  the  Working  Processes.    Siemens 

Bros  &  Co.    (Siemens  &  Halske  Akt.-Ges.)    1,551.    January  19th. 
Electric  Hand  Lamps.      H.  Lucas  and  W.  H.  Edwards.    3,011.    February  6th. 
Electric  Heating  Devices.    G.  Cooper.    4,399.    February  3l8t. 
Magnetic  Cbccks.    H.  Humphreys.    6,139.    March  12th, 
Apparatus    for    Producing    Electric    Contacts    at    Adjustable    Periodic 

Intervals.    Soc.  A.  Qranoux  et  Cie.    8,989.     April  16th.    (October  10th, 

1911.) 
Timing  Devices  fob  the  Electric  Ignition  of  Ihternal-Combdstion  Engines. 

Firm  of  R.  Bosch.     12,379.    May  24th.    (July  14th,  1911.) 
Telephone  Repeaters.    Western  Electric  Co.    (Western  Electric  Co.)    13,604. 

May  28th. 
Electbic  Boat  Hoists.    Sir  W.  G.  Armstrong,  Whitworth  *  Co.  and  R.  Wright. 

12,761.    May  30th. 
Copying    or    like    Telegraphic    Apparatus.      A.    E.    Rappeneoker.      13,426, 

June  7th. 
Electric  Motor.    H.  L.  Zabriskie.    13.487.    June  8th.    (July  16th,  1911.) 
Pneumatic  Locks  for  Miners'  Electric  oh  Oil  Safety  Lamps  and  Means  for 

AcruATiNO  such  Locks.     E.  A.  Hailwood.    20,302.    September  6th.    (Divided 

application  on  24,305  of  1911,  November  2nd.) 
Electric    Furnaces.     E.    Stassano.    21,281.    September    18th.    (Addition    to 

8,901  of  1911.) 


Accaniulators    for   Snbmarines. — The   accumulators 

carried  by  a  submarine  are  a  most  important  part  of  its  equipment. 
The  battery  i8  charged  from  petrol-electric  generators  when  the 
vessel  runs  awash,  and  supplies  the  whole  motive  power  when  the 
vessel  is  submerged.  Absolute  reliability  on  the  part  of  the  cells  is 
imperative,  and  no  acid  must  be  spilled,  even  if  the  vessel  tilts  con- 
siderably. Maximum  energy  must  be  stored  in  minimum  space 
and  weight,  and  the  cells  must  be  capable  of  maintaining  a  very 
high  discharge  rate  for  considerable  periods,  since  the  speed  of  the 
vessel  depends  on  this,  and  speed  is  all-important.  First  cost  is  not 
a  primary  consideration,  but  it  is  essential  that  the  storage  battery, 
weighing  J  ton  or  so,  should  need  minimum  attention  and  repair, 
once  it  is  installed  in  the  hull  of  a  submarine.  The  difficulty  of 
thoroughly  inspecting  the  cells  in  this  confined  space  (let  alone 
cleaning  or  repairing  them)  is  enormous. 

In  lbOl-2,  the  Lab.  Centrale  d'Electricitc  (Paris)  tested  a  number 
of  types  of  cells,  in  order  to  determine  which  was  most  suitable  for 
use  in  submarines.  Only  five  among  21  cells  withstood  250  dis- 
charges. From  the  best  cell  4,040  watt-hours  were  withdrawn 
during  this  period  per  c.  dcm.  of  cell  volume  (i.e.,  950  watt-hours 
per  kg.  of  cell  weight).  One  of  the  five  cells  had  specially  large 
surface  positive  plates  ;  the  others  were  of  pasted  construction. 
The  maximum  energy  output  reached  2:i'(;  watt-hours  per  kg.  of 
cell  weight  (discharge  in  .54  hours),  and  the  maximum  power  output 
was  .")lti  watts  per  kg. 

In  some  modern  submarine  cells  recently  tested,  the  plates  are  of 
grid  type,  and  the  positives  are  surrounded  by  asbestos  sheathing, 
which  greatly  increases  their  durability.  The  plates  are  separated 
by  perforated  insulating  sheets  with  vertical  ribs,  and  the  lugs  of 
similar  polarity  are  connected  to  lead  strips  by  autogenous  welding  : 
two  connecting  strips  per  pjle  are  sealed  through  the  cover  plate 
of  each  cell.  The  containing  vessels  are  of  ebonite,  and  are  mounted 
in  an  oak  frame.  The  plates  rest  on  ebonite  supports,  ample  space 
being  left  for  the  collection  of  sludge.  A  non-spilling  gas  escape 
valve  is  provided  in  the  cover  of  each  cell. 

Tests  on  the  new  cells  show  an  energy  capacity  of  30  watt- 
hours  per  kg.— a  specific  energy  capacity  27  per  cent,  greater  than 
was  realised  in  the  best  1901  cells.  The  progress  denoted  by  this 
figure  is  even  more  remarkable  when  taken  in  conjunction  with  the 
long  life  of  the  new  cells.  The  best  result  obtained  during  the 
recent  tests  was  4.56  discharges,  corresponding  to  a  total  output  of 
1 ,33(!'6  KW.-hours,  i.e.,  6,202  watt-hours  per  kg.  of  cell  weight,  or 
23,910  watt-hours  per  c.  dcm.  of  space  occupied.  As  compared 
with  the  1901  cells,  the  best  of  the  new  types  shows  a  life  6'.53 
times  as  long,  measured  by  total  watt-hours  output  per  kg.,  or  5'93 
times  a-i*  long,  measured  by  total  output  per  c.  dcm.  of  apace 
occupied. 


THE 


eXjECTi?/Ic.a.ili  '^e^:hi'vt:e]-vt . 


Vol.  LXXn. 


JANUAKY  10,  1913. 


No.  l.«:5: 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


THE     ELECTRIC    LKUITING 
VILLAGES. 


OF 


Vol.  1, XXII.  I 


CONTENTS :  Jmiuary  10,  Ii)l!). 


I  No.  1,1 


Page 

The  Elpctric  Lightiiifj  of  Villa^res 11 

L.G.B.  Procedure       12 

The  ■' Paraxon  "  Oil  Enfrine            42 

The  Fire  Risk            12 

The  Electric  liijrhtinfj  of  Villages  (/V///.V  )            ...         C! 

The  Eyermanu  Steam  Turbine  (i7iK.v.)       ...         H'> 

Correspondence : — 

The  Kelvin          47 

Hiph-Tension  d.C.  in  Mines ...  4S 

Barthinij  the  Neutral 4K 

Tl  e  Case  of  the  Sub-Man        49 

The  Preservation  of  Telegraph  Poles           ...  '>0 

The  Physical  Society  Exhibition  iiliiis.')  ^concluded)      50 

The  ''Paragon  "-Cycle  Internal  Combustion  Engine  (iZitw.)      ...  51 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (villus.)        62 

Business  Notes           ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  64 

Proposed  Expenditure  on  Electrical  Works  under  Private  Bills  Bl 

Notes 62 

City  Notes       66 

Stocks  and  Shares      G8 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies           69 

Inventory  of  Plant  in  Municipal  Electricity  Works      71 

"Gentlemen     We  Thank  You  !  " 72 

National  Insurance  Act,  1911         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  72 

Reviews           ...         ...         ...        ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  7:t 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Tramway  Feeding  Networks  Q.llvs.)  (_co>irluded)      ...         ...  75 

Earthed  r.  Unearthed  Neutrals  on  a.c.  Systems     78 

The  Johannesburg  Turbine  Contract        78 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1912      80 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications       SO 


Contractors'  Column 


Advertisement  pages  xxii  and  zxiv 


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THE    UNIVERSAL    ELECTRICAL    DIRECTORY 

(J*  JS..  Reply's). 

1913   EDITION 

'Ln.    the    Px>ess» 

H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4,  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  E.C. 


C^i 


Wi:  liavf  for  a  long  time  takrii  a  keen  iiitereHt  in  the 
extension  of  electric  liglitiiif^  to  sniall  towns  and  villages', 
and  have  on  various  occasions  drawn  attention  to  the  possi- 
bilities in  this  direction,  besides  publii-liing  descriptions  of 
actual  installations  wLf  never  the  opportunity  offered.  Since 
the  introduction  of  the  high-voltage  metallic-filament  lamp 
the  matter  has  gained  very  greatly  in  importance,  for 
obvious  rtasons,  and  the  gradual  relaxation  of  the  dislike 
evinced  by  the  Board  of  Trade  for  overhead  wires,  as  well 
as  of  the  opposition  of  the  small  local  authorities,  has 
facilitated  the  execution  of  the  work  on  a  commercially 
satisfactory  basis.  We  therefore  welcome  the  article  on  this 
subject,  written  at  our  request  by  Mr.  AV.  T.  Wardale, 
which  appears  elsewhere  in  this  issue,  and  we  commend  it  to 
our  readers  as  a  remarkably  interesting  and  useful  exposition  of 
the  methods  which  ought  to  be  adopted,  and  the  considera- 
tions which  must  be  borne  in  mind  by  those  who  contem- 
plate the  cultivation  of  this  almost  virgin  field  of 
operations. 

The  author  points  out  that  such  schemes  —  if  properly 
carried  out — are  financially  sound,  and  that  private  enter- 
prise is  in  a  more  favourable  position  to  deal  with  them  than 
the  local  authority,  which  is  hampered  by  statutory  obliga- 
tions to  a  degree  inversely  proportional  to  its  own  import- 
ance ;  moreover,  owing  to  the  impossibility  of  pajing  an 
adequate  salary  to  a  competent  engineer,  such  an  authority 
could  not  hope  to  run  the  concern  on  the  same  economic-al 
basis  as  a  private  company,  which  can  handle  a  number  of 
these  small  undertakings,  and  thus  distribute  the  cost  of 
superintendence  over  a  large  area. 

Another  point  to  which  our  contributor  diaws  attention 
is  that  it  is  absolutely  essential  for  the  promoters  of  the 
undertaking  to  carry  on  the  business  in  its  entirety — wiring 
houses,  selling  fittings,  &c.,  and  even  undertaking  work  in 
connection  with  private  installations  that  have  no  connection 
with  their  mains.  "We  know  for  a  fact  that  such  work, 
under  tlie  circumstances,  is  very  lucrative,  and  we  can  well 
believe  that  its  performance  makes  all  the  difTeronce 
between  success  and  failure,  while  it  would  be  out  of  the 
question  for  a  small  municipality  to  handle  it. 

The  shrewd  remarks  of  Mr.  Wardale  regarding  the 
desirability — indeed,  the  necessity — of  engaging  the  interest 
and  influence  of  the  local  notabilities  will  be  appreciated, 
and  his  warning  against  rash  conclusions  with  regard  to 
the  utility  of  small  water-powers  should  be  heeded :  for 
intermittent  operations  like  those  of  a  sawmill  or  flour  mill, 
such  water-power  is  often  perfectly  suitable,  but  where  a 
continuous  supply  of  power  is  indispensable,  as  in  the  case 
of  electricity  supply,  an  independent  source  of  power  must 
usually  be  installed,  and  the  resultant  cost  may  prove  to  be 
much  greater  than  that  of  a .  complete  steam  or  gas-engine 
installation. 

The  fact  that  competition  has  not  to  be  feared  in  connec- 
tion with  these  small  undertakings  is  a  feature  of  great 
\'alue  ;  the  residents  are  eager  to  have  a  supply  of  electricity, 
and  are  willing  to  pay  a  fair  price  for  the  convenience  iind 
safety  of  the  system.  They  are  also  well  acquainted  with 
each  other's  domgs.  and  the  spirit  of  emulation  which  pre- 
vails in  a  small  community  ensures  that  the  example  set  by 

] 


42 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.  72.  No.  1,833,  januaby  10,  1913. 


one  conaumer  will  be  quickly  followed  by  his  neighbours. 
The  truth  of  this  is  clearly  manifested  by  the  statement  that 
in  practice  no  difficulty  is  experienced  in  inducing  people 
to  insUill  the  electric  light. 

While  continuity  of  supply  is  very  desirable,  it  has  not 
the  same  pre-emment  importance  in  a  rural  district  as  in 
towns  where  competition  is  met  with,  and,  in  view  of  the 
necessity  of  keeping  down  the  capital  outlay,  there  is  no 
need  or  justification  for  the  provision  of  a  large  proportion 
of  stand-by  plant.  We  fully  agree  with  Mr.  Wardale  that 
there  is  no  better  reserve  under  the  circumstances  tlian  a 
storage  battery,  in  conjunction  with  generating  plant  of  a 
thoroughly  reliable  description.  The  battery  also  facilitates 
the  economical  working  of  the  undertaking  to  a  very  great 
extent,  and  the  objections  to  the  use  of  storage  which  have 
weight  in  the  case  of  a  large  undertaking  are  absent  from 
village  lighting. 

The  importance  of  the  personal  element  is  obvious  :  the 
man  in  charge  on  the  spot  is  largely  responsible  for  the 
success  or  failure  of  the  whole  scheme,  and  it  is  impossible 
to  be  too  careful  in  the  selection  of  a  suitable  person. 
Fortunately,  the  work  is  of  an  exceptionally  attractive 
nature,  and  if  generous  terms  are  offered,  there  should  be 
no  difficulty  in  getting  a  first-class  man  to  throw  his  whole 
energy  into  the  business.  There  are  thousands  of  British 
villages  waiting  to  be  supplied  with  electricity,  and  we  look 
forward  to  the  development  of  this  class  of  business  at  a 
rapid  rate  during  the  next  few  yeare. 


One  of  those  irritating  points  of  pro- 
Procedure  cedure  which  are  so  frequently  met  with 
in  connection  with  Government  offices,  was 
recently  raised  by  an  Auditor  of  the  Local  Government 
Board  in  connection  with  the  accounts  of  a  municipal  elec- 
tricity department.  The  auditor,  while  finding  no  fault 
with  the  accounts,  laid  down  the  requirement  that  in  future 
all  orders  for  goods  required  in  the  electricity  department 
must  be  signed  by  the  Clerk  to  the  Council ;  for  years  pre- 
viously they  had  been  signed  by  the  manager,  after  having 
been  submitted  in  the  form  of  a  requisition  to  the  Stores 
Committee,  and  no  trouble  had  arisen.  We  believe  that  it 
is  the  usual  practice  for  the  manager  (i.e.,  the  electrical 
engineer)  to  sign  all  such  orders  below  a  limit  of  value 
imposed  by  the  Council,  and  we  see  no  reason 
whatever  for  objecting  to  this  procedure ;  the  signa- 
ture of  the  Clerk  to  the  Council  would  be 
a  mere  formality,  for  the  Clerk  could  not  possibly 
exercise  any  discrimination  in  the  matter,  being  neither 
technically  qualified  to  do  so  nor  officially  authorised  to 
supervise  the  decisions  of  the  Stores  Committee  and  the 
electrical  engineer.  Nor  would  he  be  in  a  position  to  check 
the  delivery  and  consumption  of  the  goods,  even  if  he 
wished  to  overstep  the  bounds  of  his  duties  to  such  an 
extent — which  is  in  the  last  degree  improbable.  We  see  in 
this  new  stipulation  neither  sense  nor  reason  ;  it  could  only 
result  in  an  apparent  subordination  of  the  engineer  to  the 
clerk,  with  the  inevitable  consequences  of  friction  and 
irritation  between  two  otherwise  friendly  departments. 
Perhaps  some  of  our  central-station  readers  Avould  like  to 
express  their  views  on  this  question  before  the  L.G.B.  has 
committed  itself  definitely  to  an  undesirable  policy. 


The  ingenious  cycle    devised  by   Mr. 

jj      ""^     jj      W.    P.    Durtnall,   of    which   we   give    a 

Oil^Enl^ne        description  elsewhere  in  this  issue,  sliows 

that  there  is  still  scope  for  invention,  even 

where  the  ground  has  been  so  well  trodden.     Even  if  the 

over-all  efficiency  of   the   engine   were   not   increased,    the 

advantage  of  a  cool  and  noiseless  exhaust  would  be  worth 

having,  but  the  inventor  claims  a  thermal  efficiency  from 

15  to  25  per  cent,  greater  than  that  of  the  ordinary  type  of 

engine.     That  a  greater  proportion  of  the  heat  contained  in 

the  products  of  combustion  will  be  converted  into  work  by 

virtue  of  their  complete  expansion  is  obvious,  but  whether 


the  over-all  efficiency  of  the  engine  will  be  materially 
improved  appears  to  be  less  certain.  In  this  con- 
nection, we  find  Mr.  Durtnall's  comparison  of  his  indiuitor 
diagram  with  that  of  a  Diesel  engine  rather  incomplete, 
for  while  he  points  out  that  the  compression  space  in  the 
latter  type  would  be  twice  as  great  [with  the  same  length 
of  stroke]  as  in  the  case  of  the  Paragon  cycle,  he  does  not 
explain  that  the  expansion  curve  of  the  Diesel  would  be 
higher  than  that  of  the  Paragon  diagram  ;  the  compression 
curve  would  also  be  higher,  but  the  net  result  would  be  a 
greater  output  from  a  given  cylinder,  and  probably  a  higher 
mechanical  efficiency,  although  the  consumption  of  fuel 
would  be  greater.  With  the  small  compression  space  of 
the  Paragon  engine,  the  amount  of  fuel  oil  that  can  be  com- 
pletely burnt  would  appear  to  be  restricted,  so  that  a  cylinder 
of  given  size  could  not  have  the  same  output  as  a  Diesel 
cylinder.  The  inventor  states,  however,  that  the  weight  of 
his  two-cycle  engine  for  a  given  output  is  lower  than  that 
of  most  engines  that  are  on  the  market,  and  it  would  be 
interesting  to  have  from  him  a  more  detailed  comparison 
between  the  old  and  the  new  system,  throwing  light  on  the 
points  mentioned  above. 

As  regards  the  cushioning  action  claimed  for  the  Paragon 
four-cycle  engine,  we  may  point  out  that  this  only  occurs  in 
every  second  revolution,  and  is  therefore  not  so  effective  as 
would  appear  at  first  sight. 

Apart  from  these  minor  points,  however,  the  new  cycle  is 
certainly  interesting  ;  we  understand  that  Paragon  engines 
of  considerable  power  are  under  construction,  and  we  shall 
be  glad  to  receive  particulars  of  the  results  obtained  in 
actual  working. 


The  regrettable  fire  which  recently  shut 
Risk  down  Salford's   electricity  supply,   follow- 

ing as  it  did  closely  on  other  occurrences 
of  a  similar  nature,  both  in  this  country  and  abroad,  raises 
a  question  of  considerable  moment  to  electricity  supply 
authorities. 

Every  business  depends  more  or  less  on  the  goodwill  of  its 
customers,  and  electricity  supply  being  a  highly  competitive 
business— despite  all  assertions  to  the  contrary — its  depend- 
ence on  the  goodwill  of  the  consumer  is  absolute. 

The  consumers  really  rule  the  roost,  and  the  collective 
impression  left  upon  their  minds  dominates  the  future  of  supply 
work.  Whether  the  impression  left  by  the  happenings  of  the 
last  few  weeks  will  be  good  or  bad,  we  can  safely  leave  our 
central-station  friends  to  decide  ;  many  of  them  would  barter 
their  souls  to  ensure  continuity  of  supply,  and  it  is 
therefore  not  difficult  to  estimate  their  feelings  in  the  matter. 
One  thing  is  certain  :  the  time  has  arrived  when  means  must 
be  found  for  safeguarding  the  supply  generally,  and  ensuring 
beyond  doul)t  adequate  illumination  for  the  time  being  of  the 
streets,  hospitals,  large  emporia.  theatres,  &c.,  even  if  a 
switchboard  fire,  as  at  Salford,  or  a  faulty  machine,  as  at 
Sheffield  recently,  does  causi  a  temporary  shut-down  at  the 
generating  station. 

For  some  purposes  electricity  is  indispensable,  but  for  a 
great  many  of  its  ajjplications  the  advantages  which  have 
served  to  popularise  its  use  are  not  such  as  entirely  to  outweigh 
a  general,  even  though  unjustified,  impression  of  unreliability 
gathered  from  reading  the  daily  newspapers.  We  do  not 
wish  to  create  an  erroneous  impression  ;  complete  and  even 
partial  shut-downs  of  electrical  stations,  considering  the  total 
number  of  plants  involved  and  the  years  they  have  been 
running,  are  comparatively  insignificant  in  extent — but 
unfortunately  tlie  consumer  is  unaware  of  this,  and  his 
tabloid  news  summary  is  apt  to  produce  an  exaggerated  idea 
of  the  trouble.  It  is  for  the  central  station  engineer  to 
appraise  the  pecuniary  value  of  reliability  ;  our  own  impres- 
sion is  that  any  means  which  will  ensure  that  public  lighting, 
for  instance,  is  not  wholly  dependent  on  the  perfection  of 
the  mechanical,  electrical,  and  human  agencies  at  the  power 
station,  is  well  worth  paying  handsomely  for. 

The  battery  sub-station  for  special  services,  for  both  i).i'. 
and  A.c.  supply,  merits  more  attention  than  it  has  received, 
and  even  central-station  arrangements  are  capable  of  im- 
provement, assuming,  of  course,  that  some  sacrifice  in  other 
ways  is  justified  on  the  score  of  reliability. 


Vol.  72.    No.  i,K:i:i,  Januauy  10,  i'.n:i. 


111'-    KLECTJIICATj    kkvikw 


43 


THE    ELECTRIC    LIGHTING    OF    VILLAGES. 


Bv  \V.  T.  VVARDALE,  A.M.I.K.K 


It  is  very  generally  aflsumed  that  the  electric  lighting  of 
country  viiUipes,  otherwise  than  from  the  mains  of  a  largo 
power  company  whose  lines  cross  the  districL,  or  by  the 
plant  at  a  local  (;olliery  or  other  lar}j;e  works,  will  not  pay  its 
way.  This  opinion,  however,  is  not  correct,  and  ])rovided 
that  the  |)lant  is  carefully  laid  out  to  suit  the  local  conditions, 
with  the  capital  outlay  kept  rij^orousiy  low,  villufie  electric 
lighting  schemes  can  and  do  pay  their  way.  "  For  some 
time  past  tlic  writer  has  been  interested  in  such  small 
schemes,  and  from  experiences  and  results  gathered  from 
several  such  plants,  offers  the  following  sugg(-<lions  as  to  the 
lines  on  which  such  schemes  should  be  run. 

In  the  first  place,  it  should  be  recognised  that  a  company 
can  be  formed  to  (iarry  out  the  work  for  a  considei'ably  less 
outlay  of  money  than  the  local  governing  auihority,  and  for 
that  reason  the  sclieme  should,  at  any  rate,  be  started  and 
listablished  by  a  small  company  which  must  have  the  active 
sympathy  and  encouragement  of  the  local  council.  The 
reason  for  this  state  of  affairs  is  that  whilst  a  small  com- 
pany having  the  goodwill  of  the  council  can  start  a  supply 
without  an  order,  and  without  other  expensive  preliminary 
outlajs  on  sanctions  and  permissions,  the  local  authority 
must  have  these  inquiries,  and  on  such  small  jobs  they 
increase  the  capital  expenditure  to  such  an  extent  that  the 
concern  cannot  make  ends  meet.  A  company,  however, 
should  never  be  formed  or  start  working  without  an  agree- 
ment in  writing  with  the  local  council  that  the  said  council 
will  encourage  and  protect  the  enterprise  of  the  promoters.  If 
this  is  not  doue,  then  the  writer  can  state  from  actually  being 
in  touch  with  people  whose  enterprise  has  been  simply  ruined 
by  the  iniquitous  policy  of  the  local  governing  body,  that  the 
gravest  possible  risks  may  have  to  he  encountered.  The 
l)est  course  is  to  get  the  leading  local  men  and  the  Council 
in  favour  of  the  scheme.  This  may  be  accomplished  either 
by  means  of  private  conversations  or  by  arranging  a  public 
meeting  with  an  influential  local  chairman  and  strong  local 
support,  and  explaining  the  advantages  of  electricity  as  a 
means  of  lighting,  heating,  cooking,  and  also  as  a  handy  met  hod 
of  working  farm,  garden,  or  water  supply  machinery.  Many 
of  the  larger  houses  have  plants  for  lighting  by  acetylene 
or  petrol, gas  systems.  At  the  suggested  meeting  it  should 
be  explained  that  electricity  in  the  home  does  not  involve 
trouble  with  burners  and  pipes  which  corrode,  or  if  oil 
lamps  are  used,  it  should  be  pointed  out  that  the  labour  of 
servants  in  trimming  such  lamps  will  be  saved.  At  such  a 
meeting  it  should  be  possible  to  enlist  financial  support  from 
some  of  the  most  influential  men  in  the  district,  and  this 
accomplished,  the  progress  of  the  concern  will,  as  a  rule,  be 
very  smooth.  This  part  of  the  matter  has  teen  treated  at 
length,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  writer  knows  from 
experience  that  it  is  the  neglect  of  these  points  which 
generally  lands  the  concern  in  financial  straits. 

The  goodwill  of  the  Council  having  been  obtained,  the 
necessary  capital  should  then  be  decided  on,  and  this  will  be 
settled  by  the  size  of  the  localities  to  be  supplied.  In  a 
locality  of  from  SOO  to  1,000  inhabitants,  a  start  can  be 
made  with  a  generating  plant  of  10  kw.  and  a  battery  of 
300  ampere-hours,  supplying  through  overhead  mains,  for 
an  outlay  of  less  than  £500.  This  figure  will  vary  locally 
to  some  extent,  owing  to  the  cost  of  obtaining  the 
necessary  site  and  a  suitable  building  in  which  to  house 
the  plant.  In  one  case  at  least  the  writer  knows  of  a 
plant  which  has  started  up  and  run  successfully  on  a  less 
outlay  than  £500.  In  drawing  up  the  company's  articles, 
it  should,  however,  always  be  stated  that  the  company  is 
entitled  to  raise  a  capital  of  at  least  £1,000  to  £2,000. 
The  whole  of  the  capital  need  not  be  issued  at  first,  but  it 
will  be  required  when  the  company  has  been  established  a 
couple  of  years,  and  on  such  small  schemes  bank  interest  on 
loans,  and  the  usual  worrying  of  the  bank  to  have  the  com- 
pany's debit  account  redirced,  are  extremely  trying.  Another 
point  to  be  included  in  the  articles  of  association,  is  that 
the  company  is  authorised  to  generate  and  supply  electric 
energy  in  the  districts  of  X.Y.Z.  and  elsewhere  ;  this  point 
allows  the  company  to  extend  its  operations  to  other  districts 


which  promise  a  return  on  <»pital  Mp<;iit.  One  [x^int  is 
absolutely  cHhcntiai  if  the  com[iany  is  to  jmy,  and  that  is  that 
the  company  is  empowered  not  only  to  generate  and  supply 
electricity,  but  alwj  to  mrry  on  the  buHinecs  of  wiring  (x>n- 
tractors,  to  deal  in  and  Bell  fittings  and  lami*,  motors, 
heaters  and  cfK)ker8,  and  every  ciectric-al  apjiliance.  Power 
should  be  claimed  under  the  wiring  a.ntractor  clause  to  fit 
up  and  keep  in  rejiair  installations  at  private  country  s(-8t8, 
as  miiny  places  Um  far  from  the  mains  will  be  glad  of  the 
services  of  a  competent  engineer  near  at  hai.d.  The  reas^^m 
for  the  wide  scope  which  it  is  advised  to  take,  is  that 
experience  shows  that  the  hours  of  running  in  such  small 
plants  arc  so  short,  and  the  revenue  at  first  from  electricity 
supply  so  small,  that  the  cost  for  attemlancc  would  \ie 
prohibitive  if  men  were  employed  on  station  work  alone. 
Also,  it  must  be  remembered,  that  there  is  in  such  small 
localities,  no  chance  for  a  resident  wiring  contractor  U)  make 
a  good  living  a])art  from  an  electricity  supjiiy  ;  therefore,  if 
all  wiring  has  to  be  done  by  firms  sending  men  from  the 
iieare  t  town,  the  cost  of  installing  the  light  would  be 
unnecessarily  high,  and  would  thus  retard  j)rogrcss. 

Overhead  mains  must,  in  the  majority  of  places,  be  used 
if  the  concern  is  to  pay,  and  it  is  fortunate  that  to-day  there 
is  little  objection  to  them  in  country  places.  Another  mis- 
take to  be  avoided,  is  the  use  of  the  three-wire  system. 
Certainly,  the  writer  knows  of  a  village  plant  which  is  run 
successfully  with  the  three-wire  system  and  underground 
mains,  but  there  are  reasons  in  this  case  which  do  not  obtain 
in  the  usual  village  ;  and  though  the  place  pays,  yet  it  would 
naturally  pay  better  with  the  simpler  system.  In  choosing 
the  site  for  the  generating  station,  the  usual  features  of  near- 
ness to  the  railway  or  river,  and  a  plentiful  supply  of  water, 
should  not  be  overlooked,  whilst  the  roads  to  the  site  should 
be  inspected  with  more  than  usual  care.  This  latter  may 
seem  an  obvious  point,  but  it  is  often  overlooked  -.  and  in 
country  places  the  difficulty  of  getting  stuff  on  to  and  away 
from  the  works  may  easily  be  serious.  Again, do  not  assuTe 
because  there  is  a  supply  of  water  running  through  or 
by  the  site,  that  the  purchase  of  the  site  also  carries  the 
right  to  free  and  full  use  of  the  water  ;  the  writer  has 
known  more  than  one  or  two  plants  let  in  for  quite  unex- 
pected rent  charges  over  thi*  point.  Perhaps  the  site  which 
has  to  be  looked  on  with  the  greatest  amount  of  suspicion 
is  that  of  an  old  water  mill,  having  the  apparent  advantages 
of  a  weir  ready  made  and  the  water  rights.  This  sort  of 
place  fhould  be  most  carefully  inspected,  the  points  to  be 
noted  being  whether  the  dam  is  in  good  working  order,  and 
wliat  is  the  amount  of  power  which  can  be  depended  on 
throughout  the  year,  when,  either  due  to  shortage  of  water 
in  very  hot  summers  or  to  heavy  floods  at  any  time  of  the 
year,  the  power  available  is  at  its  lowest.  Neglect  to  note 
these  points  has  led  small  village  concerns  into  purchasing  au 
old  water  mill  at  a  fair  price,  and  then  finding  out  that  the 
necessary  repairs  to  the  dam,  alterations  to  the  wheel,  and 
awkwardness  of  the  site  in  regard  to  the  rail  and  main  roads, 
have  so  increased  the  capital  cost  that  the  company  hgs 
never  really  been  able  to  pay  its  way,  especially  as  often  an  oil 
engine  has  to  be  installed  ready  to  take  the  load  when  the 
water-power  is  not  available,  due  to  either  floods  or  shortness 
of  water.  The  matter  of  purchasing  or  leasing  the  site 
must  be  settled  locally  ;  perhaps  one  of  the  best  methods  is 
a  42  years'  lease. 

The  site  and  system  having  been  settled,  the  next  con- 
sideration is  the  purchase  of  the  generating  plant,  and  in 
this  matter,  as  in  all  others  connected  with  village  lightini', 
capital  must  be  kept  low.  If  there  is  no  system  of  lightii  g 
in  the  locahty,  except  by  oil  Kimps  or  private  lighting  planl^, 
a  high  price  per  unit  can  be  obtained,  and  the  locality  siill 
be  benefited  by  using  the  electric  light.  The  following  ii- 
vestigation  carried  out  some  years  ago  by  the  writer  whil-t 
on  the  staff  of  the  electricity  works  in  a  cathedral  city  will 
show  the  cost  under  careful  use.  of  lighting  by  oil  lamps  a 
six-roomed  house.  The  house,  though  near  the  main  road, 
had  neither  wiring  nor  gas  pipes  laid,  so  the  lighting  was 
carried  out  as  follows  :  The  second  room  being  the  living 
room  was  lighted  by  a  swinging  lamp  suspended  from  the 
centre  of  the  room  and  about  3  ft.  (>  in.  above  the  table ;  this 
gave  a  nice  soft  light  to  work  by  on  the  table  or  to  read  by 
at  the  fireside,  the  lamp  giving  about  30  c.p.  As  a  means 
of  obtaining  information,  as  well  as  keeping  the  cost  down. 


44 


THE    ELECTKICAL   REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,8:^3,  January  10,  1913. 


the  cowl  iiud  results  were  carefully  noted.  A  smaller  lamp 
which  rested  on  the  kitchen  niantlepiece  did  duty  for  the 
kitchen,  and  was  seldom  used  for  more  than  i>  or  10  minutes 
at  a  time  :  this  and  a  small  hand  lamp  used  for  upstairs  work 
comprised  the  lighting:  apparatus  of  the  house.  In  winter 
it  was  just  possible  by  very  careful  use  to  keep  the  necessary 
light  L'oincr  on  1  gallon  of  paraflin,  costing  8d.,  whilst  there 
was  also  an  expenditure  of,  say,  2d.  for  candles, 
making  the  weekly  ligliting  bill  under  tlie  most  careful 
management  possible,  about  lOd.  In  summer  this  charge 
came  to  (Id.  one  week  and  -id.  the  ne.xt  wejk  for  oil,  so  that 
the  average  charge  was  ih\.  Taking  current  at  7d.  per  unit 
:ind  a  good  class  metallic-filament  lamp  of  35-c.i'.  in  the 
living  room  and  a  :iO-('.i'.  lamp  in  the  kitchen,  each  lamp 
taking  rS  watts  per  candle,  the  living  room  lamp  could  be 
used  for  40  hours  and  the  kitchen  lamp  for  10  hours  ]jer 
week  at  a  cost  for  current  for  Is.  2d.  This,  of  course, 
involves  careful  use  of  the  light,  but  the  writer  ventures  to 
gay  that  few  people  would  have  run  the  oil  lamps  in  the 
same  house  under  that  charge.  The  cost  of  the  electric 
light  can  be  kept  down  by  switching  out  for  a  few  minutes 
when  the  light  is  not  wanted,  a  thing  which  is  impossible 
with  oil  lighting  :  also,  there  is  the  fact  to  be  considered 
tliat  the  tenant  had  to  do  the  inside  painting  and  decorating, 
which  item  would  l)e  much  less  with  electric  than  with  oil 
or  gas  lighting,  whilst  the  time  saved  in  doing 
the  necessary  trimming  to  the  oil  lamp  is  no  small  item. 
Thus,  with  current  at  so  higli  a  price  as  7d.  per  unit,  electric 
light  becomes  very  attractive.  Under  such  circumstances 
the  generating  plant  will  not  need  to  l>e  of  superlative 
efficiency,  but  it  must  be  absolutely  reliable.  It  will  be 
apparent  that  in  any  place  where  capital  is  not  too  easily 
raised,  and  where  a  fairly  early  promise  of  a  return  must  be 
shown  in  order  to  encourage  the  sliareholders,  the  policy  is 
to  keep  down  the  cost  of  the  generating  plant,  preferring  a 
plant  having  only  moderate  economy  but  low  in  cost,  to  one 
which  gives  tlie  l>est  possible  economy  but  takes  so  much 
of  the  capital  that  little  is  left  for  development.  Many 
really  good  second  hand  plants  can  be  bought  for  such 
places  at  \cry  cheap  prices,  providing  that  the  buying 
18  done  by  an  engineer,  as  if  a  person  not  an  engineer  buys 
such  plant  there  is  very  grave  risk  of  him  getting  a  very 
poor  bargain. 

Concerning  the  type  of  plant  to  be  used,  this  matter  will, 
to  a  large  extent,  be  settled  by  the  price  of  coal  locally. 
Where  coal  can  be  obtained  for  1  Os.  a  ton  or  less,  the  claims 
of  the  self-contained  steam  plant  should  always  be  considered. 
Even  with  the  most  heavy  drawbacks,  such  as  working  non- 
condensing,  and  with  cold  feed-water,  such  plants  can,  where 
prices  as  high  as  7d.  and  8d.  per  unit  can  be  obtained,  pay 
for  their  use.  and  as  they  can  be  obtained  second-hand  for 
less  than  half  the  capital  cost  of  new  plant,  it  is  policy  in 
such  places  to  use  this  type  of  plant  and  spend  the  capital 
so  saved  on  the  development  of  the  load  by  running  extra 
feeder  and  service  lines.  In  fact,  the  writer  knows  of  places 
where  the  scheme  would  have  never  paid  quickly  enough  to 
encourage  further  capital  if  this  policy  had  not  been  adopted. 
"When  the  concern  is  well  on  its  feet,  then  capital  c^n  be  spent 
in  buying  the  more  efficient  types  of  plant  for  extensions, 
being  more  easily  obtainable  then.  Where  capital  is  not  too 
tight  and  in  too  great  a  hurry  for  its  first  return,  then  the 
l)est  and  most  efficient  type  of  plant  to  put  down  in  any 
concern  needing  sets  of  less  capacity  than  15  kw.  at  the  start, 
is  the  internal-combustion  engine  ;  but  where  the  first  sets 
installed  are  of  L")  kw.  or  more,  and  coal  for  steam  plant  can 
be  obtained  at  158.  per  ton  or  less,  the  over-type  superheated 
steam  engine,  as  made  by  Messrs.  Garrett,  of  l.eiston,  should 
be  considered.  When  a  good  supply  of  condensing  water 
and  water  of  gofd  (piality  for  hoik-r  feed  is  available  at  a 
reasonable  rate,  then  this  engine  gives  highly  economical 
results,  added  to  which  is  tlie  certainty  of  operation  which  is 
the  distinctive  feature  of  stram  plants,  and  also  the  fact  that 
these  plants  have  a  higli  overload  capacity,  which  reduces 
their  capital  cost  per  horse- jx)wcr  actually  fibtainablc  to  a 
very  low  figure.  The  stand-by  losses  on  such  a  jilant  arc 
greater  than  on  the  suction-gas  engine  plant,  but  tbej  nerd 
not  lie  excessive  if  the  fuinace  door  and  ashpit  are  fitted  with 
airtight  covers  to  be  put  on  at  shutting  down,  and  the 
chimney  damj^er  and  engine  and  boiler  lagging  kept  in  good 
condition.     T  he  infjuiricfi  for  prime  movers  should,  however. 


always  include  three  or  four  diiferent  tyjies  of  internal 
combustion  engines.  The  deciding  factor  in  most  cases 
will  be  the  cost  of  suitable  fuel  for  the  suction  gas  plant, 
or  for  the  crude  oil  engine.  Although  the  suction  gas  plant 
can  now  be  made  to  use  bituminous  coal  to  some  extent,  the 
writer  prefers  to  use  this  type  of  plant  on  anthracite,  for  the 
following  reasons.  Anthracite  is  the  cleanest  fuel  to  use, 
and  in  spite  of  all  statements  to  the  contrary,  the  suction  or 
pressure  producer  working  on  ordinary  coal  has  always  the 
risk  of  sending  tar  over  to  the  engine,  and,  in  any  case, 
needs  the  engine  to  be  taken  down  oftener  for  cleaning  of 
the  cylinder  liner,  piston  and  valves,  than  when  anthracite  is 
used.  There  is  also  the  fact  that  as  the  tar,  which  is  a 
valuable  heat-containing  constituent,  has  to  be  taken  out  of 
the  gas  in  order  to  ensure  successful  working,  the  amount  of 
coal  used  per  unit  is  considerably  higher  than  when  anthra- 
cite is  used  :  hence  the  lower  price  for  the  bituminous  coal 
does  not  give  all  the  economy  which  at  first  is  suggested. 
The  gas  engine  working  on  a  suction  producer  is,  when  pro- 
perly installed,  a  most  reliable  prime  mover,  and  if  when 
buying  the  producer  it  is  si)ecified  that  the  producer  shall 
generate  sufficient  steam  itself  to  make  the  use  of  anthracite 
peas  practical  and  sure,  it  will  be  generally  found  that  the 
anthracite  scheme  is  in  every  way  the  more  attractive.  It 
should  always  be  borne  in  mind  in  comparing  the  two  tyjjes 
of  producer,  that  not  all  bituminous  ccals  are  safe  to  use 
for  producer  and  gas  engine  work,  and  that  the  field  to  be 
selected  from  is  not  as  wide  as  it  appears  to  be. 

In  considering  the  crude-oil  engines,  whether  of  the 
Diesel  or  semi- Diesel  type,  two  points  must  always  be 
borne  in  mind.  One,  and  a  most  important  one,  is  that  the 
control  of  the  necessary  fuel  is  in  the  hands  of  one  or  two 
people,  the  supply  at  present  is  strictly  limited,  and  the  price 
has  risen  very  greatly  during  the  past  year,  and  shows  signs  of 
still  further  increate.  The  other  point  applies  more  to  the 
Diesel  than  to  the  semi-Diesel  engine,  and  is  that  tliis 
engine  cannot  be  attended  to  successfully  by  an  ordinary  type 
of  engine  attendant,  thus  the  wages  cost  will  be  increased  to 
some  extent  -.  whilst  recent  happenings  have  shown  tliat  the 
Diesel  has  problems  of  its  own  in  connection  with  the 
matter  of  safe  working,  causing  rates  for  insurance  to  Ije 
higher  than  with  gas-engine  plant.  If  it  were  not  for  the 
uncertainty  of  the  future  of  the  oil  market,  the  crude  oil 
engine,  working  on  the  semi-Diesel  principle,  would  be  ideal 
for  the  purpose  of  village  lighting  plants,  there  being  no 
stand-by  losses  and  no  producer  house  iiecess-ary.  The  whole 
matter  must  be  carelully  summed  up  with  regard  to  local 
circumstances.  With  any  producer-gas  engine  installation, 
the  effluent  from  the  producers  must  not  be  turned  into  a. 
clear  stream  ;  it  should  Ije  either  led  into  the  ashes  and 
clinker,  and  sent  away  with  them,  or  should  be  loosed  into 
the  stream  when  the  same  is  in  flood  :  the  stuff  is  then 
in  so  small  a  proportion  to  the  amount  of  water  in 
the  stream,  and  so  quickly  swept  away,  that  no  damage 
will  result.  AVith  every  type  of  internal-combustion  engine, 
the  great  point  is  to  buy  it  large  enough  for  its  work.  The 
Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers'  (ias  Engine  Investiga- 
tion Committee  recommended  that,  for  continuous  working  * 
loads,  a  gas  or  oil  engine  should  be  purchased  at  15  per  cent, 
above  the  makere'  rated  load — that  is,  if  a  20-h.p.  load  is 
needed  continuously,  then  select  an  engine  giving,  according 
to  the  makers'  rating,  28  H.r.  at  the  least.  This  will 
increase  the  capital  cost,  but  is  the  only  safe  way  of  ensuring 
satisfaction.  Several  of  these  small  village  plants  with  which 
the  writer  is  in  touch  are  run  with  suction-gas  engines,  and 
the  owners  speak  uniformly  well  of  their  performance  over 
periods  of  five  years  or  more.  In  any  such  installation  do  not 
overlook  the  fact  that  the  exhaust  silencing  arrangements 
must  be  more  than  usually  ample. 

With  every  such  plant  as  we  are  considering,  a  2l-honr 
per  day  continuous  supply  is  contemplated,  and  for  this  pur- 
pose, and  for  the  economical  working  of  the  load,  a  battery 
is  indispensable.  In  putting  in  a  liattery,  the  mistake  to  be 
avoided  is  that  of  installing  one  sf)  small  as  to  be  use- 
less in  about  two  years.  Along  with  the  question  of  the 
battery  must  be  fettled  the  voltage  of  supply.  Some  plants 
are  supplying  at  iUO  \oltP,  but  the  majority  of  tliefe -jjlaces 
would,  if  possible,  change  over  to  a  higher  voltage  now  that 
the  metallic  lamp  is  available  at  pressures  as  high  as  2S0 
volts.     This  pressure  is  about  as  convenient  a  pressure  for 


Vol,  73.  No.  i,8:i:»,janua»tumbi3.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


40 


all-round  coiiiilJoratloiiB  aa  any  \  tlio  frfiifiator  should  be 
capable  of  fjiviii},'  21')  volts,  iih  thin  uIIowk  for  drop  on  a 
]v)S3ibIy  licavily-loiulcid  iiiaiim  syKteiii,  and  i/\vv»  Homo  amount 
of  room  in  wliicli  to  control  the  station  voltuf^t;.  It  in  not 
;♦! .  isublo  to  work  tiif  battery  down  to  \-x  volts  ]K'r  cell,  and  a 
battery  of  lL'.'>  cells  will  {jive  the  necessary  2;U)  volts  without 
g(!tting  down  to  the  I'H  limit,  and  will  allow  four  regulating 
cells.  A  good  idiui  of  the  size  of  battery  to  install  is  to  put 
in,  for  an  iiistullatiou  starting  with  a  lO-KW.  set,  a  battery 
ca])ablc  of  giving  ;'.(»  amperes  for  three  hours.  Such  a  size 
of  battery  will  allow  the  load  in  the  very  early  days  of  th(! 
supply  to  be  carried  by  tiic  engine  running,  at  the  most,  on 
four  days  jHjr  week  ;  tliis  feature  helps  matters  considerably, 
by  allowing  the  greater  part  of  the;  time  of  the  man  in 
charge  to  be  devoted  to  getting  consumers  connected  up, 
whilst,  when  the  load  increases  to  such  an  extent  that  the 
engine  must  be  run  every  evening,  the  battery  is  a  good 
stand-by,  and  assists  economical  working.  It  will,  of  wurse, 
be  understood  that  the  three-hour  rate  of  the  battery  means 
that  it  will  be  able  to  give  a  discbarge  of  seven  or  eight 
amperes  for  20  hours. 

The  switchboard  should  be  as  simple  as  possible,  the 
number  of  instruments  being  as  few  as  will  conveniently 
work  the  board  :  in  some  cases  the  use  of  an  automatic 
battery  regulator  allows  the  plant  to  be  left  to  a  consideraiile 
extent  and  has  been  found  to  give  no  trouble  or  risk  over  a 
long  period. 

The  cable  system  should,  in  the  majority  of  cases,  be  on  the 
overhead  bare-wire  system  :  both  copper  and  aluminium  have 
been  found  to  give  satis- faction.  The  question  of  way-leaves 
over  land  belonging  to  various  people  must  be  settled  by  a 
personal  and  tactfid  interview,  and  to-day  permission  is 
rarely  refused  ;  needless  to  say  the  overhead  line,  when 
erected,  should  be  as  neat  a  job  as  possible  and  not  offensive  to 
the  eye  ;  special  wire,  fittings  and  insulators  are  now  produced 
for  this  work  in  large  quantity,  and  an  exam]>le  of  the  stufl' 
us  d  will  be  given.  The  services  are  often  taken  in  through 
the  window  frames,  and  here  in  particular  the  neatness  of  the 
woik  will  do  much  to  remove  any  natural  pi'ejndices  against 
o\  nhead  lines. 

Oa  the  question  of  charging,  by  meter  or  by  contract,  it  is 
found  that  exj)erience  and  opinions  differ  :  at  least  one 
vciy  successful  plant  prefers  the  use  of  meters,  and 
finds  them  economical  and  efficient,  this  installation  serving 
a  population  of  only  800  people.  The  majority,  however, 
prefer  the  contract  system  of  payment,  and  do  their  utmost 
to  encourage  it  by  quoting  favourable  rates. 

Xo  difficulty  is  experienced  in  getting  consumers  to  come 
on,  the  obvious  advantages  of  the  electric  light  bringing 
requests  for  connection  as  fast  as  they  can  be  dealt  with  ; 
positively  every  place  with  which  the  writer  is  in  touch 
tells  the  same  story — "We  do  not  find  it  necessary  to 
offer  any  special  inducement  to  get  people  to  put  in  the 
light."  Most  places  find  that  a  very  satisfactory  job  can  be 
put  in  for  12s.  to  14s.  per  point,  this  being  done  in  wood 
casing  and  including  a  plain  fitting  and  metallic-filament 
lamp  :  some  places  find  for  works  and  other  than  house 
lighting  that  twin  lead-covered  rubber  gives  a  serviceable 
installation  at  rather  less  cost.  All  concerns  agree  that  a 
cheaper  system  would  be  welcome  to  some  extent,  and  most 
of  them  prefer  not  to  use  slip-joint  conduit,  although  it  is 
cheaper  than  most  present  systems. 

A  point  of  the  utmost  imixjrtance  in  such  places  is  the 
arrangement  of  the  men  to  work  the  place.  The  man 
chosen  to  take  the  lead  is  often  a  local  man  having  a  good 
training  in  running  such  small  plants,  and  in  the  proper 
wiring  of  premises.  Many  such  men  are  to  be  found  who 
have  obtained  their  experience  mostly  in  the  running  of 
country  house  plants,  and  in  wiring  the  same.  It  might  be 
thought  that  sufficient  money  could  not  be  offered  to 
attract  any  but  the  man  looking  for  experience.  This 
mistake,  however,  arises  from  the  fact  that  the  wiring 
side  of  the  business  is  left  out  of  the  reckoning  ;  on  the 
generating  side  alone  the  money  cannot  be  provided,  but 
when  it  is  realised  how  very  little  the  up-to-date  small  plant 
requires  in  the  way  of  attention,  and  that  the  salary  is 
earned  on  the  installation  side  as  well,  the  matter  becomes 
plain.  Some  companies  find  that  they  prefer  to  pay  a 
regular  salary,  increasing  with  the  number  of  units  generated, 
and  a  salary  as  manager  of  the  wiring  department ;  others 


"pay  a  conirnct  price  per  unit  generated  to  the  rwpoDsibie 
man,  and  find  that,  it  [mys  lK)th  them  anrl  him  ;  he  aluo  hut 
the  proportion  of  the  profitB  due  Ui  him  bk  manager  of  l\ui 
installation  work.  The  wmbined  wdary  Im  in  most  cawiS  on<j 
which  many  chief  uKHiHtunw  in  town.-*  having  a  ponulation  of 
.00,000  inhabitants  would  Ijc  glad  to  earn,  wliiUt  the  jH^itioii 
allows  most  valuable  exfxjriencf;  Uj  Ij«;  gained  ;  the  Hccretarial 
work  is  generally  carried  out  in  the  oflif*  of  a  lo<»l  solicitor 
having  an  interest  in  the  company. 

A  iirief  mention  of  one  or  two  plants  will  Ik;  of  value  in 
showing  what  is  actually  lx;ing  carried  out. 

The  Caergwrle  and  District  Electricity  Supply  Co., 
Fitd.,  supplies  the  village  of  Caergwrle,  near  Wrexham, 
tlie  population  being  H()(».  The  supply  is  at  10<»  volts, 
two-wire.  A  simple  Davey-i'axman  under-type  steam 
plant  is  used,  which  works  to  atmosphere  and  on  cold 
feed.  Two  .Johnson  &  Phillips  dynamos  of  7  KW'.  and 
8-.S  Kw.  respectively,  and  a  200  amj)ere-hour  Chloride 
battery  comprise  the  plant.  The  mains  are  of  bare  copper  run 
overhead  on  wooden  poles.  The  company  has  no  provisional 
order,  but  its  relations  with  the  J'arish  Council  are  very  good  ; 
the  matter  of  the  company  doing  the  street  lighting  is  at 
present  under  consideration,  and  should  the  Council  decide 
to  take  over  the  concern,  it  will  l)e  on  terms  fair  to  both 
parties.  The  company  Wius  started  by  a  few  lof;al  public 
spirited  gentlemen,  and  it  is  encouraging  to  know  that  they 
declare  the  financial  result  to  be  decidedly  satisfactory.  The 
l)rice  charged  is  JSd.  per  unit,  and  consumers  are  coming  on 
faster  than  they  can  be  dealt  with.  Tb'.'  mains  system  is 
interesting,  and  will  be  briefly  described. 

Wooden  poles  o\  or  '52  ft.  long  x  '.•  in.  diameter  at  the 
ground  level,  tapering  to  7  in.  at  the  top,  are  planted  about 
T)  ft.  9  in.  in  the  ground,  at  distances  apart  of  50  yards  on 
straight  runs.  On  some  lengths  this  distance  has  been 
shortened  to  40  yards  to  avoid  causing  annoyance  by  the 
poles  coming  in  front  of  gates  or  windows.  This  distance 
is  observed  in  the  case  of  the  main  wires,  which  are 
Xo.  1  s.\v.«T.,  but  in  the  case  of  a  very  light  distributor  of 
Xo.  11  s.w.o.,  the  span  has  been  lengthened  to  72  yards. 
Each  pole  carries  an  oak  cross-arm,  4  in.  x  3  in.  section,  on 
which  the  insulators  for  the  feeders  are  set  2  ft.  apart. 
These  insulators  are  made  by  the  Biitish  Insulated  and 
Helsby  Cables  Ltd.,  and  are  their  K.  45  Indian  pattern, 
shown  in  fig.  1.  For  services  a  double  .7  insulator  bolt 
with  arms  at  GO  ,  shown  in  fig.  2,  is  used.     The  bolt  on  the 


Fio.  1. 


Fio.  2. 


Fk;.  3. 


pole  carries  ordinary  insulators,  that  on  the  houses  the 
"  Sinclair- A itken"  Xo.  1  pattern.  This  is  shown  in  fig.  :'. 
and  is  used  as  follows  : — For  a  length  from  A  to  b,  the  lead 
of  the  twin  lead-covered  rubber-insulated  cable  is  remove  I 
and  the  cable  is  pushed  up  into  the  groove  as  shown,  the 
outer  cover  of  the  insulator  is  then  put  on  and  the  service 
from  the  pole  can  be  attached.  Mr.  GriflBths,  the  c^m 
pany's  engineer,  has  adopted  this  method  in  order  to  get  a 
dry  patch  between  the  bare  copper  at  c.  and  the  lead  cover- 
ing of  the  twin  service  cable,  as  he  found  that  unless  this 
precaution  was  taken,  electrolytic  action  between  the  lead 
and  copper  corroded  away  some  of  the  positive  wires. 
Since  this  method  has  been  used  the  trouble  has  vanished. 
The  lead-covered  twin  service  is  then  stapled  along  the 
house  wall  and  taken  in  through  the  window.  There  is  no 
gas  supply  in  the  village,  and  last  year  the  total  units 
generated  were  5,000.  Mr.  Grifliths,  unlike  most  engiueera 
controlling  small  plants,  prefers  to  use  and  charge  by  meter. 
The  staff^are  paid  under  a  contract,  and  find  it  mutually 
satisfactory. 

Encouraged  bv  the  success  of  Mr.  Gnffithsat  CaergwrV. 
Mr.  Richard  EdwaiJs  staiteda  sup].ly  at  Llanuwchlljn.  um- 


46 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.      [Vol.72.    No.  1,833,  January  10, 1913. 


Hula.  The  population  is  TjOO,  the  supply  being  at  100  volts, 
t\V(i-\vire,  mostly  overhead.  The  plant  is  driven  from  the 
surplus  power  available  from  a  water-wheel  which  works  a 
mill.  Mr.  Kdwards  is  himself  an  engineer  and  millwright, 
and  works  the  lightinff  supply  in  conjunction  with  his  other 
business.  The  surplus  power  available  is  only  (i  li.ii.r., 
this  being  helped  by  a  •JDO-ampere-honr  battery.  The  price 
{XT  unit  .sold  is  ."(d.  ;  the  village  street  and  library  are 
lighted  under  a  yearly  contract,  and  tlie  total  mitput  last 
year  was  L.'JOO  units.  The  capacity  of  the  plant  is  about 
;■)(•  units  per  day,  and  more  consumers  are  asking  to  be 
cx>nnectetl  than  the  present  plant  can  accommodate.  Mr. 
Edwards  states  that  the  financial  result  is  (luite  satisfactory. 

The  supply  works  put  down  at  Caldy,  near  West  Kirby, 
in  Cheshire,  show  another  phase  of  village  supply  work. 
The  •'  Caldy  Manor  Estate  Oo."  have  full  charge  of  the 
development  of  the  district,  which  is  a  high-class  and  some- 
what exclusive  residential  village  about  three  or  four  miles  ■ 
frooa  Iloylake,  the  "  Mecca  "  of  English  golfers,  and  within 
an  hour  from  Liverpool.  The  writer  has  sjjent  two  summer 
holidays  in  the  district,  and  can  testify  to  the  (piiet,  restful 
nature  of  the  place,  situated  on  the  Dee  estuary,  and  looking 
across  to  the  Welsh  mountains.  As  a  quiet  residence  for  a 
city  man,  the  place  is  ideal.  Gas  could  easily  have  been 
brought  in  from  Hoylake,  but  the  estate  company  meant  to 
be  sjitisfied  with  nothing  but  the  best.  The  electric  lighting 
plant  was,  therefore,  put  down,  but  although  it  belongs  to  the 
estate  company,  the  accounts  are  kept  quite  separately,  and 
the  venture  pays  a  satisfactory  return  on  the  capital  invested. 
The  capital  available  in  this  (lase  was  fairly  ample,  and  in 
order  that  the  village  should  not  be  disfigured  by  the  electric 
light  station,  the  well-known  London  architect,  Mr.  (iuy 
Dawbcr,  was  instructed  to  design  the  generating  station 
buildings,  and  the  result  is  an  admitted  ornament  to  the 
district.  The  present  population  is  200  :  no  overhead  wires 
are  used,  the  system  being  a  three-wire  one  at  1 1  b  and  230  volts. 
A  32-K\v.  Siemens  dynamo,  direct  driven  by  an  85-h.p. 
suction-gas  engine  plant,  and  a  540-amperc-hour  Tudor 
battery,  comprise  the  plant,  the  battery  having  an  automatic 
controller  fitted.  The  plant  is  at  present  too  large  for  the 
needs  of  the  place,  but  in  spite  of  tliis  drawback,  the  total 
generating  costs,  including  all  capital  costs,  come  to  l-8d. 
per  unit^a  highly  creditsible  figure.  The  price  per  unit 
for  lighting  is  C.d.,  and  for  power  3d.  per  unit.  Last  year 
(i,100  units  were  sold.  Here  then  we  have  a  village  supply 
in  which  capital  has  been  spent  freely  and  in  order  not  to 
spoil  the  appearance  of  the  district,  yet  which,  on  a  very 
small  output,  pays. 

At  Wormit.  a  suburb  of  Dundee,  the  electric  light  is 
successfully  competing  with  gas  at  3s.  3d.  per  1,000  cb.  ft. 
The  village  has  about  200  houses  and  1,000  inhabitants. 
At  present  Du  of  the  houses  are  supplied,  the  size  of  house 
ranging  from  ,5  to  12  rooms  ;  wiring  costs  on  the  average 
about  £.S  10s.  The  generating  plant  is  a  belt-driven 
suction  gas  plant,  and  overhead  mains  are  used.  Most  of 
the  consumers  are  supplied  by  contract  on  the  basis  of  4d. 
per  unit ;  a  few  of  the  consumers  prefer  to  pay  by  meter,  and 
U>T  their  convenience  the  company  provides  a  meter  when 
retjuired,  making  the  price  per  unit  Cd.  The  supply  is  at 
present  chiefly  lighting,  but  arrangements  are  being  made 
for  a  campaign  to  capture  the  cooking  load  which,  during 
off-peak  load  hours,  will  be  stipplied  at  Id.  per  unit.  The 
voltage  of  supply  is  230  with  a  two-wire  system.  Tl-.e 
company  is  managed  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Stewart,  and  was  founded 
on  a  previous  company  ;  since  .Mr.  Stewart  has  taken 
charge  of  matters  the  company  has  turned  the  corner,  and  it 
is  encouraging  to  know  that  Mr.  E.  Stewart,  the  engineer  to 
the  company,  is  at  present  in  Ireland  carrying  out  the 
reconstrnction  of  another  similar  village  lighting  project. 

At  Ijyme  Regis,  in  Dorsetshire,  we  have  a  rather  larger 
community  of  2,300  people — this  size  of  township,  how- 
ever, being  generally  thought  too  small  for  an  electric  light 
scheme  to  pay.  The  plant  here  is  driven  by  oil  engines 
using  ordinary  paraffin  at  a  cost  of  (Id.  per  gallon.  This 
price  for  fuel  oil  is  to-day  very  high  as  compared  to  the  crude 
oil  so  much  in  use,  but  the  company  paid  4  per  cent,  in  its 
second  year.  'J'he  oil  engines  are  of  Messre.  L.  (iardnerand 
Sons'  make,  and  have  given  every  satisfaction  ;  they  are 
assisted  by  a  turbine  driven  from  a  small  stream.  The 
total  cost  of  running  and  managing  the  place  is  3d.  per 


unit ;  6d.  per  unit  is  charged  for  lighting  and  4id.  per  unit 
for  power.  Last  year  2(;,500  units  were  sold.  .An  interest- 
ing feature  is  that  overhead  aluminium  mains  are  us^  -  - 
two- wire  at  110  volts.  There  is  also  an  agreement  in  It.  e 
with  the  local  authority  to  light  the  public  lamps  for  10  years 
from  June  1st,  i;)0;). 

These  are  not  by  any  means  all  the  examples  which  could 
ha\e  been  chosen.  They  have,  howe\-er,  been  described, 
because  they  illustrate  the  different  aspects  of  village  lighting 
very  clearly. 


THE     EYERMANN    STEAM    TURBINE. 


[by   orn   ]tKRLIN  COBRESI'ONDKNT.] 

I'hoxch  nearly  all  steam  tnrbines  in  practical  operation  arc 
worked  on  the  axial-flow  system,  radial-flow  turbines  possess 
some  undoubted  advantages  of  their  own.  The  concentric 
arrangement  of  blade  rings  on  one  disk,  in  fact,  utilises  n)ore 
satisfactorily  the  available  material,  the  two  faces  in  addition 
to  the  edges  being  used  for  the  arrangement  of  active 
elements.     Another  advantage  obtained  in  the  case  of  steam 


Eyeemann  1,200-h.p.  Radial-klow  Turbine. 

admission  from  the  inside  outwards  is  due  to  the  increasing 
circumference  of  blading,  which  allows  increasing  cross- 
sections  to  be  provided  for  the  passage  of  the  steam, 
with  growing  expansion.  Another  essential  point  in  the 
economy  of  radial-flow  turbines  is  a  far  more  advantageous 
mode  of  working  of  the  steam.  In  fact,  in  axial-flow 
turbines,  the  steam  in  the  rotating  blades  is  thrown  out- 
wards by  centrifugal  force,  thus  assuming  higher  pressures, 
and  returns  inwards  in  guides  free  from  centrifugal  force, 
which  obviously  impairs  the  efliciency  of  the  blading. 
Furthermore,  in  any  fairly  long  blades  there  are  considerable 
differences  inside  and  outside  respectively  in  the  average 
steam  cross-section,  as  compared  with  the  cross-section  of  the 
blade  'material  and  the  peripheral  speed,  so  that  the  blade 
angles  f recpiently  show  considerable  departures  from  the  most 
advantageous  jiositions.  All  these  drawbacks  are  done  away 
with  in  the  radial-flow  turbme  which,  on  account  of  its 
homogeneous  steam  passages,  gives  rise  to  no  harmful 
secondary  motion  of  the  steam. 

The  fact  that  in  spite  Bf  all  this  the  axial-flow  turbine 
has  gained  its  present  supremacy  is  due,  on  one  hand,  to  the 
serious  constructive  (JiHiculties  offered  by  radial-flwv 
turbines,  and,  on  the  other,  to  the  prevailing  opinion  that 
one  or  two  disks  would  not  be  sufficient  for  the  arrange- 
ment of  a  sufficient  inimber  of  rings  of  blades.  This, 
however,  is  (piite  possible  when  designing  the  first  pressure 
stage  fairly  large  [ff/.,  fnim  12  to  2  atmospheres  abs.),  the 
resulting  speed  energy  being  converted  in  one  or  two  rotating 
blade  rings,  and  the  remainder  of  the  gradient  being  utilised 
in  a  limited  numiwr  of  blade-ring  pairs  working  on  the 
reaction  principle. 


Vol.  72.   No.  i,8:tn,  janoauy  10,  I'jin.]    TRR    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


47 


Miuli  iiLtoiilioii  liH.H  Ih'CIi  ncciiLly  ^'ivcii  to  tbc  nidial- 
ilow  tmhiiK!  (I('si<,'nc(l  by  Mr.  AV.  II.  Kyirninnn,  of  Stefjlitz, 
(icrniuiiy,  which  bus  achieved  rcnmrkiil)I('  succosn.  This 
turbine  has  its  blade   ringa  arran{^ed  concontrically  on  a 


Dismantled  Tubbine  showiko  Bladed  Disk. 

single  disk,  which,  of  course,  inA'olved  a  number  of  con- 
structive difficulties.  In  order  to  reduce  the  weight  of 
the  rotor,  such  strains  as  would  result  in  the  disk  being 
bent  had  to  be  balanced  by  counter-forces.  The  steam 
e.xpanding  on  its  way  through  the   blading  exerts  a  very 


The  following  dafu  relate  V>  tin-  Ht<'arii  conHurrifftion  ••{ 
some  Inrliines  rfcciitiy  a^HtrucUfl,  as  a>tcertainwl  from 
ofliciai  tcstn.  A  back-prcsHure  turbo-dynamo  of  JoO  Kw., 
the  ( xhaiist  Hteam  fnini  which  iH  u^o<l  for  hmting,  gave  the 
following  (lata  ; — 


Output 
tit.  II  i'. 

IfiO 
112 
75 


A(1m>i»!un       A'mUiiion  r»rl'  Pitmjn  ri't  ■ 

IjrpHnux',  lb.  t<iiii|i«raturu  iireniurr.lh.  laniplirn  VftJi  n. 
AInii ».  aljr.  C.  Aimea,  iiLn.         H.t.  tu.ui, 

■<-n  -MC,  \<H  12T* 

'.I  :ti-,  v-7  iiii  i;v6 

•.i:,i  2H<;  101  i:.M 


The  l,200-K\v.  (1,70()-H.p.)  turbine  of  Mpsors.  <;eiir«der 
Otto,  Ilntcrboihingen,  gave  the  fcjllowing  results  : — 


»w. 

Atinoa.  aba. 

c. 

Almof .  kW. 

Kg.  Kw.  boar 

,200      ... 

]2;ir, 

3:ii 

002.5 

«-4S 

720      ... 

\i-2r. 

326 

0022 

7-2.-. 

'J'urbiiies  of  up  to  1,700  ii.i'.  have  so  far  licen  con- 
structed, and  there  seems  to  be  nothing  to  prevent  the 
design  of  much  larger  units  on  the  same  system.     The  most 


Eyekmann  1.200-h.p.  Steam-Turbine  Skt. 


Arbangembht  for  A.xial  Thrust  Compensation. 

considerable  axial  pressure  on  the  disk.  This  pressure 
is  balanced  by  a  small  amount  of  steam  expanding  at  the 
back  of  the  disk  in  a  number  of  labyrinth  grooves,  in  a 
similar  way  to  the  working  steam  on  tlie  front  side.     In 


SiXTiON  showing  Balancing  Grooves  behind  Disk. 


order  to  allow  the  amount  of  balancing  steam  to  be  adjusted, 
the  turbine  shaft  is  so  arranged  as  to  allow  an  axial 
displacement  of  about  ?,  to  1  mm.,  thus  altering  the  width 
of  an  annular  throttling  slot  constituted  by  the  stuffing  box 
and  the  turbine  disk,  which  slot  is  traversed  by  the  balancing 
steam.  Another  factor  liable  to  result  in  the  bending  of  the 
disk  is  the  centrifugal  force  of  the  blading  arranged  on  one 
side.  In  order  to  compensate  this,  counter-weights,  which 
also  carry  the  labyrinth  grooves,  are  arranged  on  the  back 
in  a  similar  manner  to  the  blades  provided  on  the  front 
of  the  disk. 


stringent  tests  made  by  the  foremost  turbine  experts  have 
borne  out  the  claims  of  the  inventor,  showing  the  superiority 
his  turbine  possesses  in  many  respects  over  the  axial-flow 
turbine. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Letters  received  by  vt  after  5  p.m.  on  Ttjesdat  cannot  appear  until 
the  follotcing  week.  Correspondents  shuvld  forteard  their  communi- 
cations at  the  earliest  possible  moment.  No  letter  can  be  published 
vnless  we  have  the  loriter^t  name  and  address  in  our  possessi^m. 


The  Kelrin. 


With  reference  to  the  remark  made  by  Mr.  A.  P. 
Trotter  at  the  Institution  of  Ekctiical  Engineers,  reported 
in  your  issue  of  the  i>7th  Dec,  may  I  make  some  comment ': 

Unfortunately,  it  is  impossible  to  snub  a  (Jovernment 
department,  or  at  least,  it  seems  so — perhaps,  in  this  case, 
because  it  is  represented  by  such  a  charming  man.  The 
rebuff  the  Board  of  Trade  have  received  to  theii-  efforts, 
during  the  past  20  years,  to  introduce  the  name  KelAriu 
instead  of  Kw.-hour,  would  have  silenced  any  self-respecting 
individual,  but  not  so  the  Board.  They  tell  us  that  in 
1882  they  graciously  gave  us  permission  to  use  the  word 
Kelvin,  and  nothing  more  need  be  said — and  this  in  the  face 
of  Lord  Kelvin's  obvious  disapproval. 

I  trust  that  the  industry  will  show  its  officials  that,  when 
it  desires  a  new  name  for  anything,  it  is  able  to  dictate  to 
them,  and  that-  it  has  too  great  an  appreciation  of  the 
magnificent  work  done  by  Lord  Kelvin  to  flout  his  obvious 
wishes — wishes  both  relative  to  this  particular  use  and,  in 
general,  to  the  use  of  a  non-decimal  system. 

So  strongly  did  Lord  Kelvin  feel  about  the  latter,  that 
he  said  at  Philadelphia,  in  1884,  "  1  look  upon  the  English 
system  as  a  wickedly  brain-destroying  piece  of  bondage  under 
which  we  suffer.  1  say  this  seriously  ;  I  do  not  think  that 
anyone  knows  how  seriously  1  speak  of  it." 

I  have  previously  suggested  as  an  alternttive  a  more, 
logical  unit,  viz.,  10''  joules,  but  this,  I  think,  fails  to  do 
complete  justice  to  the  clear  thinker  whose  memory  we  wish 
to  honour,  although  it  does  not  tlout  it. 

The  only  proper  excuse  for  the  introduction  of  a  new 


48 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE\TEW.    [voi.  ra,  No,  \,m.  januabt  w,  ma. 


name  Is  the  saving  of  nitn'.al  energy.  No  honour  is  con- 
ferred  on  Lord  Kelvin  l)_v  giving  his  name,  unless  this  result 
is  brought  about.  I'artii  u'arly  in  the  ease  of  such  a  thinker 
as  Lord  Kelvin  dov^  th's  apply,  us;  he,  of  all  people,  would 
be  gratified  at  aiiyt'iing  which  conserves  "brain." 

There  nuisi  be  sons  nuidi  more  appropriate  unit.  Do 
the  advotuites  of  the  use  of  Kelvin  for  kilowatt-liour  know 
that  before  many  years  have  passed  we  shall  have  got  so 
far  advanced  in  the  use  of  electricity,  that  names  will  have 
had  to  V)e  found  for  many  quantities  at  present  not  in 
common  use,  that  they  are  willing  to  waste  Kelvin's  name 
upon  a  crude  multiple,  adding  to  instead  of  reducing  mental 
effort  1  it  is  as  though  we  had  erected  a  statue  upside  down, 
for  all  who  pass  to  scoff  and  jeer  at. 

Percy  Good. 

liOndon,  S.E.,  Janiiari/  Is/,  1!)13. 


Higk-Tension  D.C.  in  Mines. 

I  should  like  to  thauk  the  gentlemen  who  have  written 
to  you  upon  the  above  subject  for  their  criticisms  upon  my 
article,  and  to  Siiy  that  1  i-honid  gladly  welcome  any  further 
criticism.  I  am  preparing  a  paper  to  be  read  before  the 
Western  Section  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers 
upon  the  subject,  in  which  I  shall  be  able  to  deal  very  nnich 
more  fully  with  the  wliole  matter  than  I  could  possibly  do 
within  the  limits  of  the  article  you  were  good  enough  to 
print.  You  were  very  kind,  indeed,  to  allow  me  so  much  space, 
seeing  the  demand  there  is  for  space  in  your  columns  ;  but 
as  I  think  everyone  will  recognise,  even  that  space  was  only 
sutlicient  to  touch  the  fringe  of  the  subject.  As  in  the 
paper  I  am  preparing  I  shall  not  be  limited  as  to  length, 
I  hope  to  deal  with  the  whole  matter  very  fully.  I 
may  mention  also  that  it  was  partly  with  the  hope  tliat  some 
criticisms  might  be  forthcoming  in  your  columns,  that  T 
requested  their  hospitality  in  opening  the  campaign. 

I  may.  perhaps,  l)e  allowed  to  say  that  I  have  no  pecuniary 
interest  whatever  in  the  Thury  system.  I  have  been 
watching  its  development  for  a  long  time,  and  it  has  occurred 
to  me  that  it  would  be  more  suitable  for  mines  than  three- 
jthasc. 

I  should  like  to  dial  very  shortly  with  two  points  raised 
by  Mr.  Iioper.  He  asks  wliether  I  am  serious  in  saying  that 
the  liat)ility  to  short,  with  three  cores,  is  six  times  that  with 
two  cores.  I  thought  I  had  made  it  clear  that  I  referred  to 
the  case  of  a  three-cored  cable,  eitlier  inside  of  lead  casing, 
or  armoured,  or  both  :  the  armour  being  earthed  and  the 
neutral  earclied.  With  that  arrangement,  as  I  understand 
the  matter,  there  are  three  chances  of  shorts  between  the 
cores  themselves  :  and  there  are  three  chances  of  shorts 
between  the  individual  cores  and  the  casing. 

The  other  point  I  .'•hould  like  to  deal  with  is  the  (|uestion 
of  joint-boxes.  Will  Mr.  Koper  give  the  size  and  weight  of 
tlie  smallest  joint-l>ox  that  he  would  consider  satisfactory  for 
the  cable  supplying  a  ( (  al-cutting  machine,  and  having  to 
be  taken  through  a  gate  road,  in  a  seam  with  a  bad  roof  'r 
The  coal-cutting  machine  will  take  normally  from  12  u.v. 
up  to  ;30  ii.i'.,  and  on  occasion  may  take  aa  much  as  ;")0  ii.i: 
Gate  roads  are  made  as  short  as  possible,  but  under  the 
conditions  I  have  in  mind,  there  might  be  several  joints 
re(|uired  within  the  l-  ngth  of  one  gate  road. 

Sydney  F.  Walker. 

Bath,  January  -It/i,  l'.il3. 


I  am  quite  unable  to  follow  Mr.  Sydney  F.  Walker's  idea 
in  proposing  the  use  of  the  Thury  d.c.  series  system  in 
mines,  with  concentric  cables. 

It  is  true  that  the  r.D.  across  each  individual  motor 
would  be  comparatively  low,  but  the  same  would  not  apply 
to  the  I'.u.  between  the  whole  motor  and  earth,  which  would 
depend  upon  what  part  of  the  ciicuit  the  motor  was  con- 
nected in.  Let  us  suppose,  for  the  sake  of  example,  that 
we  have  30  motors  in  the  mine,  each  taking  on  an  average 
200  volts,  or  a  maximum  of  (;,000  volts  when  all  the  motors 
were  running.  Then,  if  the  circuit  were  earthed  at  one 
end.  a  motor  at  the  other  end  of  the  circuit  would  have  both 
terminals,  and  the  whole  of  its  windings,  ut  a  pressure  of 
almost  0,uOo  volts  u'xtvc  earth. 


In  the  game  way,  while  the  r.D,  between  the  two  con. 
ductoi-s  supplying  any  motor,  and  in  particular  one  of  the 
smaller  motors  near  the  face  of  the  coal,  would  be  compara- 
tively small,  both  the  conductors  might  be  at  a  high 
potential  as  compared  with  earth.  The  concentric  type  of 
cable  is  not  suiLible  for  these  conditions  at  all ;  it  is  suited 
for  cases  where  the  outer  conductor  is  at  earth  jwtential,  and 
not  for  cases  like  that  under  consideration,  where  the  outer 
would  be,  not  at  earth  potential,  but  at  a  potential  not 
greatly  differing  from  that  of  the  inner. 

Mr.  A\'alker  appears  to  suggest  that  the  proposed  system 
would  obviate  the  necessity  for  eaithing  the  frames  of 
motors,  or  for  jiroviding  the  cables  with  earthed  armouring. 
How  so  ?  If  you  have  a  motor,  the  whole  of  whose  wind- 
ings ai'c  at  a  pressure  of,  say,  nearly  0,000  volts  above 
earth,  surely  it  would  not  be  safe  to  leave  its  frame 
unearthed,  even  though  the  I'.n.  across  the  terminals  of  the 
motor  were  only  200  volts  r  On  the  other  hand,  it  would 
be  very  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  construct  d.c.  motors, 
at  any  rate,  at  a  reasonable  price,  which  would  stand  a 
working  pressure  of  thousands  of  volts  between  windings 
and  frame,  such  as  would  occur  if  the  frame  were  earthed. 
I  believe  that  with  the  Thury  system  it  is  the  practice  to 
insulate  the  frames  of  all  the  motors,  as  well  as  of  the 
generatoi-s,  by  mounting  them  on  insulating  supports  and 
surrounding  them  by  insulated  floors,  which  would  obviously 
be  impossible  in  a  mine.  Hut  unless  these  impossible  pre- 
cautions were  taken,  it  would  not  be  safe  to  touch  the 
motors — unless  the  frames  were  earthed.  And  even  if  the 
frames  could  be  earthed,  precisely  the  same  difficulties  and 
dangers  would  then  present  themselves  as  with  the  three- 
phase  system. 

In  a  large  mine  the  maximum  voltage  would  have  to  be 
very  high,  to  keep  the  main  current  (which,  as  your  corres- 
pondents in  your  last  week's  issue  have  pointed  out,  would 
How  through  every  part  of  the  circuit)  within  reasonable 
limits.  Take  the  case  of  the  .5,000- kw.  plant  suggested  by 
Mr.  AValker.  With  a  pressure  of  20,000  volts,  the  main 
current  would  be  250  amperes,  and  this  current  would 
have  to  be  conveyed  to  every  motor,  large  and  small.  Think 
of  the  cost  of  cables  and  the  copper  losses.  Then  imagine 
a  D.c.  motor  with  its  windings  and  commutator  at  a  pressure 
of  20,000  volts  and  its  frame  earthed — or,  if  you  prefer, 
not  earthed.  I  am  assuming  that  the  motor  is  at  one  end  of 
the  circuit  and  the  earth  at  the  other  ;  by  earthing  the 
circuit  in  the  centre  the  maximum  pressure  to  earth  could 
be  limited  to  10,000  volts,  but  that  would  be  bad  enough. 

I  believe  the  speed  of  tlie  motors  in  the  Thury  system 
is  regulated  by  shifting  the  biushes  round  the  conniuitator — 
not  a  method  that  strikes  one  as  being  particularly  suited  to 
mining  conditions,  especially  in  a  mine  that  is  at  all  tiery. 

Altogether,  it  seems  to  me  that  mining  work  is  about  as 
unpromising  a  field  for  the  Thury  series  d.c  system  a.s  could 
well  \h'  imagined. 

a.   ('.  Allingliain. 

(lolder's  (Ireen,  N.W.,  ./tniiKiri/  {',lli,  I'.Mil. 


Earthing  tlie  Neutral. 

In  your  current  issue,  Mr.  Fedden  gives  an  interesting 
description  of  the  earthing  arrangements  in  use  at  Sheffield, 
and  as  the  subject  is  now  so  much  to  the  fore,  I  feel  that  it 
would  be  of  great  service  to  all  of  us  if  he  would  give  some 
further  details  of  its  working,  in  the  light  of  his  experience. 

Mr.  Fedden  says  that  the  earthing  transformer  has  a  delta- 
connected  secondary,  which  ensures  that  the  neutral  point  of 
the  primary  shall  always  be  at  earth's  potential.  By  this  he 
means,  I  presume,  under  normal  working  conditions,  since  it 
does  not  seem  possible  that,  on  the  occurrence  of  a  fault  on 
one  of  the  feeders,  resulting  in  a  dead  earth,  a  transformer 
taking,  say ,  50  amperes  out-of -balance  current,  could  "  anchor  " 

the  neutral  point. 

This  being  so,  I  am  not  altogether  clear  as  to  how  the 
arrangement  differs  in  its  effect  from  a  resistance  con- 
nected to  the  neutral  jwints  of  the  generators  or  trans- 
formers, and  so  proportioned  as  to  allow  50  amperes  to 
]>ass  in  the  event  of  an  earth.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
latter  arrangement  has  one  distinct  advantage  of  its  own, 
namely,  that  no  power  is  consumed  under  normal  conditions. 


Vol.  73.  No.  i,8H!t,jANUABY  lu,  191H.1      THB    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


40 


The  use  of  the  rt-Hifltance,  moreover,  need  not  be  uubjrct 
to  the  ditiidvantapo  Buggestcd  by  Mr.  Fcddeii,  miiiiely,  that 
with  an  earth  on  a  feeder,  tlic  supply  would  lie  cut  of!',  einco 
tlie  (liscriniiiiatinij;  devices  used  at  shetlield  could  c(|ually  well 
be  employed,  or  the  still  simpler  arnuifjement  outlined  in 
lij;;.  I  of  Mr.  INxk's  paper,  which,  as  I  pointed  out  in  tlic 
discussion,  admits  by  a  slight  modification  of  the  inclusion 
of  overload  protection,  as  well  as  i>rolection  against  earths, 
and  this,  moreover,  without  the  n.se  of  any  additional  gear. 
The  overload  and  earth  fault  relays  are  quite  independent  of 
one  another,  to  that  the  latter  can  be  set  to  trip  with  as 
small  a  current  as  may  bo  rei|uired,  without  interfering  with 
the  overload  settings. 

'I'hc  cost  of  tlie  earthing  resistance  arranged  for  TjO 
amperes  in  the  way  suggested  would  not  be  more  than  a 
fifth  of  that  of  the  corresponding  transformer,  as  installed 
at  Shetlield. 

As  Mr.  Fedden  points  out,  there  are  three  (jucstions  which 
Iiave  to  be  decided  in  tliis  connection. 

1.  Whether  to  earth  the  neutral  at  all  ? 

2.  If  so.  whether  to  earth  through  a  rcsibtance? 

;-t.  In  that  case,  what  should  be  the  value  of  this  resist- 
ance, or,  in  other  words,  what  should  be  the  value  of  the 
current  to  earth,  on  the  occurrence  of  a  dead  earth 

As  to  questions  1  and  2,  I  think  that  all  engineers  are 
now  pretty  well  agreed  that  they  should  be  answered  in  the 
affirmative. 

As  regards  the  third  ((ucstion,  there  may  be  seme 
differences  of  opinion  on  the  subject,  but  I  am  personally  in 
entire  agreement  with  Mr.  Fedden  in  his  contention  that  so 
long  as  the  earth  current  is  sufficient  to  trip  the  feeder 
breakers,  the  smaller  it  is  the  better  for  the  systen). 

Kenelni  Edgcunibo. 

London,  S.W.,  Januanj  Wih,  1!U3. 


The  Case  of  the  Sub-Man. 

Asa  result  of  the  recent  correspondence  in  the  Elpx'tkical 
Revikw%  it  has  been  decided  to  form  an  Association,  and  a 
meeting  is  to  be  held  in  London  during  the  coming  week  (as 
advertised).  Inquiries  have  come  in  from  all  over  the  British 
Isles,  and  the  idea  has  been  enthusiastically  received. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  the  "Association"  should 
include  shift  engineers,  switchboard  attendants,  sub-static  n 
attendants,  mains  assistants,  <tc.,  and  it  is  hoped  that  as 
many  as  possible  will  attend  the  meeting. 

Owing  to  the  large  amount  of  work  entailed  in  answering 
the  many  correspondents,  inquiries  are  being  answered  in 
strict  rotation. 

J.  W.  Ebben. 

London,  E.,  Janucmj  6/A,  1913. 


I  am  not  one  of  those  worms  that  take  a  pleasure  in  that 
interesting  pastime  of  personal  abuse,  but  I  cannot  but  pass 
some  remark  on  Mr.  Potter's  letter  which  appeared  in  last 
week's  Review.  Amongst  several  remarks,  he  states  that 
the  correspondence  of  a  few  weeks  ago  bristles  with  contra- 
dictions ;  that  we  assume  we  are  "  a  sort  of  aristocracy,"  and 
then  he  finishes  up  with  the  milkman  and  yardman  question. 

"Well,  in  the  first  place,  this  Associatioi  of  Electrical 
Shiftmen  intends  to  put  a  stop  to  such  as  milkmen  and 
yardmen  taking  charge  of  sub-stations,  or  having  anything 
to  do  with  our  branch  of  the  profession.  As  regards  a 
"  sort  of  aristocracy,"  it  might  be  information  for  Mr. 
Potter  to  know  that  there  are  gentlemen  in  power 
and  sub-stations,  and  that  these  are  not  entirely  run  by 
mUkmen  and  such.  The  majority  of  attendants  are 
well  educated,  have  had  a  college  training,  some  hold 
Honours  Certificates  from  the  City  and  Guilds  of 
London  Institute,  while  several  have  University  degrees. 
I,  therefore,  cannot  see  how  they  can  be  compared  to  the 
common  wiremen,  who  more  or  less  are  from  the  middle  and 
lower  class.  T,  myself,  started  by  serving  my  time  with  wiring 
contractors  (for  which  I  am  not  sorry ),  :md  as  an  apprentice 
was  sent  out  with  the  professionals.  I  remember  one  par- 
ticular case  where  we  were  working  in  a  flour  mill,  and  one 
morning  the  professional  whom  I  was  with  asked  the  foreman 
for  2d.  to  buy  candles,  which  he  said  he  required  when 
working'  in  a  dark  corner  ;  he  was  given  the  2d.,  and  on 


arriving  at  the  mill  I  asked  him  whether  be  had  boaeht  the 
candles.  The  reply  I  received  was  :  "  Sure  we  don  t  want 
candles  at  all — wasn't  it  for  a  pint  I  got  the  2d.?" 

There  is  a  sfKcimcn  of  your  wiremen.  Do  they  try  to 
improve  their  knowledge  as  regards  their  tratle  ?  N'o,  but 
they  attend  the  technical  schoolB,  not  to  learn  anything,  bnt 
to  increase  their  kit  of  tools  at  the  expense  of  the  workshop, 
and  the  rcsidt  is  that  they  do  not  know  the  difTerencc 
between  an  amj)cn;  and  a  volt. 

Then  how  would  it  possibly  be  practicable  to  be  a  member 
of  the  same  Trade  I'nion  as  the  wiremen  who  are  working 
under  our  direction  in  the  stations?  'J  lore  would  be  no 
respect  for  us,  and  the  result  would  l,c  "  Hey  1  Bill,  is  this 
right  ?  "  and  discipline  would  be  all  awry.  Another  reason 
is  that  if  we  started  an  ordinary  Tra  'e  I'nion  we  should  be 
just  as  ordinary  tradesmen  (not  tliat  that  is  a  disgrace  t<» 
any  man),  but  we  hope,  with  Mr.  Potter's  pcrmis-sion,  that 
we  are  a  step  above  the  average  trd'^ffmin. 

One  cannot  but  think  that  Mr.  I*,  t  er  is  of  a  Socialistic 
turn  of  mind  from  the  tone  of  his  litter.  In  a  study  of 
human  nature  ]\Ir.  Potter  will  see  that  in  every  class,  from 
the  very  poorest  to  the  millionair ',  snclbishness  is  to  b<t 
found;  it  cannot  be  helped,  for  it  is  tern  with  man,  an<l 
even  the  electrical  shift  engineers  are  no  exception. 

The  close  of  Mr.  Potter's  letter  very  much  resembles  a 
well-thought-out  advertisement.  Is  he  afraid  that  the 
Association  of  Electrical  Shiftmen  will  rise  in  opposition  to 
the  Electrical  Trades  Union  ?  Let  him  not  tremble,  we 
will  not  affect  him  financially  or  otherwise,  and  he  may  be 
sure  that  we  will  keep  as  far  away  from  Trade  Unionism  as 
possible,  even  though  the  House  of  Commons  dabbles 
in  it. 

Perhaps  it  will  interest  ]Mr.  Potter  to  know  that  I  have 
heard  that  hundreds  of  individuals  have  already  joined  the 
Association  of  Shiftmen. 

I  take  this  opportunity  of  making  it  clear  to  readers  of 
this  Review  that  the  "  Association  of  Shift  Engineers  "  and 
the  "  Association  of  Shiftmen  "  are  identical.  It  was  a 
mistake  of  mine  that  changed  the  name  of  the  former. 

Motor-Generator. 


With  reference  to  the  letter  of  Mr.  .J.Potter  in  last  week's 
issue  of  the  Revi^.w  on  this  subject,  there  are  two  things 
that  must  have  been  noticed  by  your  readers  in  his  letter, 
namely  : — First,  it  is  typical  of  the  majority  of  the  effusions 
that  have  emanated  from  the  E.T.U.  :  secondly,  it  is  remark- 
able by  being  so  wide  of  the  mark,  and  offering  no  feasible 
or  workable  suggestions. 

]Mr.  Potter  touches  on  a  number  of  points,  and  is  careful 
to  avoid  following  them  out  too  far.  He  speaks  of  yard- 
men, &c.,  carrying  out  central- station  engineers'  duties,  as 
though  this  state  of  things  were  peculiar  to  the  central- 
station  staffs  :  but  he  does  not  mention  anything  about 
those  members  of  the  E.T.U.  who,  a  few  years  ago,  were 
navvies,  and  such  like.  Mr.  Potter  would  have  us  believe 
that  the  only  thing  to  do  for  our  benefit  is  to  join  the  excel- 
lent organisation  with  which  he  is  connected  ;  but  if  we 
look  back  a  little  on  the  achievements  of  the  E.T.L".,  and 
upon  its  methods,  we  cannot  find  the  slightest  reason  why 
those  members  of  the  profession  who  are  now  seeking  to 
improve  their  position  should  join  its  ranks. 

What  a  brilliant  success  the  E.T.U.  was  in  the  recent 
events  at  Bradford  and  Glasgow  (success,  I  don't  think  !). 
Again,  Mr.  Potter  states  that  there  are  already  central 
station  men  in  the  E.T.U.,  but  he  does  not  mention  anything 
as  to  the  status  of  these  members  :  seeing  that  it  is  only 
necessary  to  show  that  one  has  been  three  years  at  the  trade 
in  order  to  qualify  for  membership  of  the  E.T.L'.,  I  can 
quite  believe  his  statement  about  having  central-station 
men  as  members — station  wiremen,  jointers,  and  such  like. 
As  to  ihe  cpestion  of  Trade-Union  methods  not  being 
applicable  to  the  profession,  I  think  any  person  who  is  at 
all  conversant  with  central- station  work  will  see  the  reasons 
for  this.  If  it  were  to  serve  any  useful  purpose,  I  could 
enumerate  a  good  many  reasons,  but  central -station  men  are 
conversant  enough  with  the  question,  also  the  matter  of 
wage  rates,  and  such  are  a  question  for  consideration  and 
adjustment,  and  not  to  be  settled  rashly  or  haphazardly,  ag,  I 
am  sorry  to  say,  is  done  by  siunc  Trade  Unions. 


60 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.      ["^"l-  72.    No.  1,833,  January  10,  1913. 


The.  best  work  Mr.  Potter  and  his  friends  could  do  is  to 
set  about  making  the  E.T.V.  what  it  is  not  at  present — an 
efllcieut  orgnnisation,  aiul  one  whose  ranks  would  contain 
only  qualifi*-*!  men.  Then,  and  only  then,  will  the  E.T.U. 
obtain  the  r«Jcou;niti()U  and  respect  which  it  is  aiming  so 
blindly  for  at  jirosont.  Mr.  Potter  shows  up  his  object  very 
clearly  in  coaolnding  his  letter,  by  saying  that  the  "  E.T.U. 
will  welconie  n'ornits  "  :  this  seems  to  be  about  the  only 
decided  line  of  the  organisation — •'  gather  'cm  in  " — but  to 
talk  of  central -station  sliift  engineers  finding  a  remedy  for 
their  gricTanct'S  by  joining  this  Union  is  too  rich  altogether. 
The  shiftmen  can,  and  intend  to,  form  an  independent 
Association,  and  can  do  so  \ery  nicely  without  the  assistance 
of  Mr.  I'otter  and  his  friends. 

There  are  many  other  points  in  question  which  could  be 
gone  into  in  print,  but  to  attempt  to  discuss  the  matter 
with  tliose  who  are  wandering  so  wide  of  the  mark  as  Mr. 
Potter  is  doing  would  be  only  a  waste  of  time  and  space. 
Let  him  get  some  first-hand  knowledge  of  the  subject,  and 
he  will  find  that  his  organisation  is  as  far  removed  from 
the  business  of  the  shiftmen,  as  .Inpiter  is  from  the  place 
wiicre  they  don't  use  radiators. 

Zantha. 


THE    PHYSICAL     SOCIETY    EXHIBITION. 


{Coitchuhd  from  page  IL'.) 


Croinpton  i<^-  Co.,  Ltd. 

Besides  their  standard  potentiometer,  and  various  patterns  of 
switchboard  instruments,  this  firm  exhibited  a  new  D.c.  testing  set 
(fig.    8).      This    instrument    consists  of  a  moving-coil  indicator 


I  have  read  with  interest  Mr.  Potter's  letter  in  last  week's 
issue,  and,  being  a  subman  myself,  I  cannot  agree  with  him 
in  a  lot  of  things  he  states. 

According  to  ^Ir.  Potter,  the  interests  of  wiremen  and 
station  engineers  are  alike,  or  both  classes  are  trades,  and 
Trade-Union  principles  apply  to  both. 

AVe  unfortunates  in  sub-stations  are  badly  enough  off 
without  putting  ourselves  on  the  same  level  as  the  trades- 
men ;  in  the  first  place,  the  average  fhiftman  is  a  man  of 
some  education,  and  a  very  large  number  of  them  are  gentle- 
men. The}"  have  some  technical  training,  and  they  are 
socially  well  above  the  average  wireman.  The  average  wire- 
man,  on  the  otiier  hand,  is  usually  a  man  drawn  from  the 
lower  classes  :  he  has  practically  no  education  worth  talking 
of,  he  does  his  work,  no  doubt,  all  right,  but  the  most  ele- 
nientary  question  in  electricity  would  stagger  him. 

Again,  the  average  wireman  car.  never  become  more  than 
a  wireman  on  account  of  his  lack  of  education  and  technical 
knowledge  ;  he  will  get  his  Union  pay  (with  luck)  all  right, 
but  will  he  ever  rise  beyond  that  ?  For  that  reason  the 
E.T.I',  is  of  no  use  to  us. 

!Mr.  Potter  accuses  us  of  "  snobbishness  "  :  but,  pei-sonally, 
I  fail  to  see  how  we  are  guilty  in  that  respect.  It  is  no 
crime  for  gentlemen  to  keep  apart  from  men  who  do  not 
enjoy  the  same  social  position  as  they  do,  even  if  it  is  their 
misfortune  to  be  "shiftmen." 

How  many  of  us,  I  should  like  to  know,  would  like  to  get 
our  start  in  life  again  at  any  of  the  other  professions  which, 
at  least,  protect  their  men,  if  we  only  knew  then  what  a 
miserable  business  was  in  store  for  us,  where  money  and  in- 
fluence, rot  brains,  was  the  principal  road  to  success. 

As  to  the  engineers  who  have  joined  the  E.T.U.,  what 
have  they  to  look  forward  to  ?  A  wireman's  wage  at  the  out- 
side, with  luck,  and  it  is  quite  enough  for  them  if  they  class 
themselves  as  such. 

I  am  glad  to  see  that  the  "  Association  of  Shiftmen  "  is 
beinsr  formed,  and  the  idea  is  being  taken  up  in  all  ))arts 
of  the  country. 

Booster. 


The   Pre^orvation  of  Telegra|)Ii   Poles. 

"We  notice  an  article  on  page  .■':i  of  your  issue  of 
.lanuary  ;Jrd,  which,  <if  course,  refers  to  uncreosoted  or 
nnprc-jerved  cedfir  poles  in  America,  tmd  we  think  this  is 
not  made  quite  clear,  us  the  method  suggested  of  preserving 
the  same  is  no  doubt  excellent,  ))Ut  should  be  quite  unneces- 
-;iry  with  jjroperly  crcosotcd  jkjIcs  in  this  or  other  countries. 

For  Bicliard  Wnde,  Sons  &   Co.,  Ltd., 

CHRI'^TOl'lii.it  Wadk,  .Vunaijitiff  Director. 


Fig.  h. — Ckompton  n.c.  Te.-<ting  Set. 


mounted  in  a  light  and  strong  portable  oak  case.  It  can  be  used 
either  as  an  amperemeter  or  as  a  voltmeter,  a  selector  switch  bein? 
provided  for  coupling  the  instrument.  The  voltage  range  is 
altered  by  means  of  a  volt-range  switch,  so  arranged  that  on  closing 
the  case  the  switch  is  automatically  and  certainly  set  to  the  highest 
range  ;  this  reduces  the  risk  of  applying  a  high  voltage  to  a  low- 
voltage  range.  The  shunts  are  specially  designed,  and  are  of 
manganin,  the  smaller  shunt  being  inside  the  instrument.  The 
150-ampere  shunt  is  used  externally,  but  is  fixed  inside  the  lid 
when  the  instrument  is  being  carried  atout.  The  instrument  is 
magnetically  shielded,  and  is  adjubted  to  a  definite  resistance  and 
degree  of  sensibility.  Without  its  shunts  or  resistances  it  forms  a 
milliamperemeter  reading  up  to  15  milliamperes.  or  a  milli- 
voltmeter  reading  up  to  75  millivolts.  Any  slight  change  of  zero 
which  may  take  place  can  be  corrected  from  outside  by  turning  a 
s-irew  buried  in  a  bush  near  the  lock  or  catch  ;  a  suitable  screw- 
driver is  fitted  in  the  lid.  The  apparatus  is  standardised  as  a  volt- 
meter for  six  ranges,  from  millivolts  to  600  volts,  and  as  an 
ammeter  from  milliamperes  to  150  amperes.  Additional  external 
shunts  can  be  provided  for  higher  ranares. 

Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. 

Several  interesting  novelties  were  shown  by  this  company. 
Amongst  these  was  the  radiogoniometer  in  its  fully-developed  form, 
or,  in  other  words,  the  wireless  direction-finder  on  the  Marconi- 
Bellini-Tosi  system  ;  this  device,  when  installed  on  board  ship, 
enables  the  direction  from  which  signals  are  received  to  be  deter- 
mined within  a  few  degrees,  a  matter  of  great  importance  in  time  of 


1,  2,  Terminals  of  first  aerial  loop:  8,  4,  Terminals  of  Bnron<l  aerial 
loop ;  r>.  Protecting  i;*!'  'or  first  aerial :  6,  ProtoctinK  gap  for  second 
aerial ;  7,  Switch  for  first  aerial  circuit;  8,  Switch  for  second  aerial 
circuit;  9,  Fixed  coil  of  first  aerial  circuit;  10,  Fixed  coil  of  second 
aerial  circuit ;  H,  Condenser  for  first  aerial  circuit;  12,  Condenser 
for  second  aerial  circtiit ;  13,  Exploring  coil;  14,  1.5.  Terminals  for 
connection  to  detector;  16, 17,  Terminals  for  ronnection  to  direc- 
tion finder;  18,  19,  Blocking  condensers;  20,  Crystal  bolder: 
21,  21,  Terminals  for  connecting  to  telephones ;  23,  Potentiometer ; 
94,  Battery-  of  dry  cells  ;  25,  Battery  switch. 

Fro.   P.— CONNECTIOKS  OF   THE  RADIOGOXIOMETEB. 


fog  or  when  seeking  a  vessel  in  distress.  It  can  also  be  used  for 
directive  signalling  over  a  moderate  range.  The  special  aerial 
employed  consists  of  two  equal  loops  suspended  in  vertical  planes 
and  crossing  one  another  at  right  angles  :  each  of  these  is  con- 
nected in  series  with  a  coil  and  a  condenser.  The  coils  are  of  equal 
siz!  and  cros.s  at  right  angles;  the  oondenaers  are  also  equal,  and 
can  be  slmnltaneouMjr  ndjnstea  for  tutiltift  the  aerlaU.    A  third 


Vol.72.  No.  i,83H,  jANnABYio,  191H.1    TTTFi    BLECTUKJA  fi    RJ^lViiw 


51 


ooU,  iuHide  tho  oroHHod  ooiIh  (sen  fluf.  iO.  ix  balled  tho  nxplorlnfr'ooil, 
and  iH  mounU^l  on  a  vertioul  npindln  ;  it  JH  connected  with  a 
detector  coiiMiMtint;  ol'  a  pair  of  telephonen  and  a  crystal  rcctillcr. 
Tho  principle  of  the  inHtruiiiont  iH  an  lollowH  :  Kiicli  aerial 
Igop  in  a  directional  aerial,  whioli  recoivoM  liiiHt  wlun  Uh 
plane  iB  in  the  direotion  of  the  Hondini;  Htation,  and  receivCH  nothini; 
when  itH  plane  Ih  at  ri^ht  antrleH  to  that  direotion.  t'nually 
both  aerials  are  more  or  lesB  inclined  to  the  direotion  of  the 
xip^nalH,  and  receive  HiffnalH  of  corrsHpondini^  intenBity,  the 
rcHuItant  effect  of  which  is  comniuniciited  to  the  oxplorini; 
coil  ;  when  tho  liitter  Ib  in  the  poHitioii  which  (fivcH  the  inaxi- 
mum  strentrth  of  Hi(fnaln,  tho  pointer  attached  to  the 
Hpindlo  indicates  tho  direction  of  the  nendinpr  station- -aHHuminir,  of 
course,  that  tho  inntriiment  has  been  proi)prly  fixed  with  rejrard  to 
the  aerialw.  A  Bimple  teBtinjr  inBtrmnent  is  UHed  to  verify  the 
orientation,  resiMtance  and  inHulation  of  the  aerials. 

Improved  adjustable  ebonite  disk  and  .air  condensers  were 
exhibited,  and  a  complete  portable  outfit  for  communicating  np  to 
15  mjles,  to  be  carried  in  knapsacks  by  four  men.  A  new 
"  Universal  Crystal  Receiver  "  was  also  shown,  intended  for  a  range 
of  300  to  ;i,000  m.  wave-len(rth,  and  provided  with  adjustable  con- 
densers in  the  aerial  and  detector  circmits. 

Nalder  IJros.  &  Tlioiiipson,  Ltd. 

In  addition  to  the  well-known  ammeters,  voltmeters,  insulation 
testing'  set  and  other  instruments  shown  by  this  firm,  there  was  a 
novel  device  in  the  form  of  an  insulation  recorder  and  leakasre- 
current  indicator  for  A.c.  circuits.  The  principle  involved  is  that 
of  applyinjj  a  direct-current  e.m.f.  from  a  battery  or  exciter 
between  the  a.c.  mains  and  earth  as  illustrated  in  fipr.  10,  which  refers 
to  an  unearthed  three-phase  system.  The  chokinjj-  coil  limits  the 
alternatinpr  current  to  earth  in  case  of  a  bad  fault.  The  recorder  and 
relay,  which  are  permanent-magnet  instruments,  are  operated  by  the 
direct  current  flowing'  round  the  circuit  riu  the  insulation  resist- 


Diihilier  Klcctrical  Hjndlrat) .  I.tU. 

This  exhibit  included  condenHcri4  of  mica  aud  tinfoil,  for  worVlnjr 
presHuniH  up  to  l."i,0(iO  voUk,  a«  well  ut  a  ijuantity  of  hitrh-fre'iucncy 
apparatus  for  thrrajxiutii:  i>urp(>"<'-  ••  ••■■■i'  ''."i.i  »..  ..-..i  .,  ;iiiy 
imblic  supply  Hyuleni. 


Fio.  10. — Connections  of  Nalder  Insulation  Recordee  and 
Leakage  Indicator.  ,  -- 


ance.  The  recorder  is  calibrated  to  register  the  insulation  to  earth, 
and  operates  on  the  tapping  principle.  The  relay  is  calibrated  to 
indicate  the  maximum  A.c.  leakage  current  flowing  from  main  to 
main  consistent  with  the  resistance  recorded  at  the  moment. 

When  the  insulation  resistance  falls  below  a  predetermined  value, 
the  relay  makes  contact,  throwing  the  fuse  directly  across  the 
battery  ;  the  fuse  blows,  allowing  the  alarm-bell  circuit  to  be  com- 
pleted at  A,  and  cutting  the  instruments  out  of  circuit.  These  sets 
of  apparatus  have  already  been  installed  in  many  high  and  low- 
pressure  systems  both  with  and  without  the  neutral  earthed. 

Helsby  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  Helsby  vibration-proof  crystal  detector  and  rotary  quenched- 
spark  discharger  were  shown. 

Weston  Electrical  Instrument  Co. 

This  company  showed  a  great  variety  of  switchboard  and  portable 
instruments  of  the  Weston  type,  as  well  as  testing  sets,  laboratory 
instruments,  frequency  and  power-factor  meters  and  synchroscopes. 

Cambridge  Scientiflc  Instrument  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  Fery  bomb  calorimeter,  and  various  instruments  for  the 
measurement  of  temperature,  were  shown.  The  principal  feature, 
perhaps,  was  the  Cardiograph,  which  consists  of  an  Einthoven 
galvanometer,  photographic  apparatus  for  making  records 
either  on  plates  or  on  a  continuous  roll  of  paper,  an 
automatic  projection  arc  lamp,  a  switchboard  and  time-marker. 
The  whole  forms  a  very  convenient  outfit  for  producing  records  of 
the  heart's  action  over  any  desired  length  of  time,  with  the  mini- 
mum amount  of  trouble.  With  the  aid  of  an  auxiliary  microphone 
apparatxis,  graphic  records  of  the  sounds  of  the  heart  can  be  made. 

Kelvin  &  James  Wliite,  Ltd. 

The  Kelvin  balances  and  other  familiar  standard  instruments 
were  shown,  with  the  Aitken  portable  dust  coimter.  The  Fnllarton 
vibrometer  was  also  exhibited  ;  this  is  a  simple  little  instrument 
with  a  vibrating  reed,  which  can  be  tuned  by  various  adjustments 
to  reeonarice  with  the  vibration  to  be  determined,  and  gives  a  com- 
pKrtrttve  tafllcfttfon  of  the  irttenrtty  of  rlbretfim  in  any  ^iven  plane. 


THE      • PARAGON     CYCLE     INTERNAL- 
COMBUSTION    ENGINE. 


Not  content  with  devising  the  "  Paragon  ByHtcm  of  electric  pro- 
pulsion of  vehicles  and  ships,  Mr.  W.  P.  Durtnall  has  invented  a 
new  cycle  for  internal-combustion  engines,  which  appears  to  posseim 
marked  advantages  over  the  well-known  BystemH  in  current  nue. 
His  purjwse  is  to  expand  the  productB  of  combustion  down  to 
atmospheric  prcHsure,  thus  obtaining  more  useful  work  from  a 
given  (|uantity  of  fuel,  and  discharging  the  gases  noiHelecsly  at  a 
low  temperature.  According  to  a  descriptive  article  by  the  inventor 
in  the  Jluihraij  'J"hiip.i  of  December  2Kth,  his  attention  was  drawn 
to  the  subject  by  the  need  for  a  suitable  prime  mover  for  use  in 
combination  with  his  Paragon  system  of  oil-electric  locomotive 
for  hauling  railway  trains,  in  place  of  steam  locomotives  ;  his 
colleagues,  Messrs.  H.  H.  B.  Deane  and  (;.  T.  Bowles,  were  asso- 
ciated with  him  in  the  development  of  the  new  system. 

In  fig.  1  is  given  a  diagrammatic  section  of  the  Paragon  internal 
combustion  engine  as  arranged  on  the  two-cycle  Diesel  principle 
for  use  with  crude  oil.     It  will  be  noted   that  the  exhaust  port* 


Fig.  2. — Two-Cycle  Diagram, 
JI0JI 


I  Fig.  1.— Diagrammatic 
Section  of  Paragon  Engine, 


3. — foue-cvcle 
Diagram. 


c  c  are  situated  at  the  middle  of  the  stroke  of  the  piston,  and  are 
covered  by  a  sleeve  e,  which  is  operated  from  the  crankshaft  by  a 
rod  V.  Also  a  pipe  h'  supplies  air  at  a  pressure  slightly  above 
atmospheric  pressure,  through  a  valve  h. 

In  the  figure  the  piston  b  is  at  the  top  of  the  compression  stroke, 
and  the  compression  space  is  supposed  to  be  filled  with  air  at  a 
pressure  of  500  lb.  per  sq.  in.,  and  at  a  temperature  of  about 
1,000°  F.  As  the  crank  turns  the  centre,  the  fuel  oil  ia 
sprayed  into  the  cylinder  through  the  valve  k,  and 
bums  during  a  portion  of  the  stroke ;  afterwards  expansion 
takes  place,  but  the  exhaust  ports  are  kept  closed  by  the  sleeve 
until  the  end  of  the  stroke,  so  thafe  tie  gases  expand  almost  to 
atmospheric  pressure.  The  ports  are  then  opened,  and  as  the  piston 
returns,  the  air  in  H^  being  at  a  higher  pressure  than  the  contents 
of  the  cylinder,  opens  the  valve  h  and  scours  the  cylinder,  so  that 
when  the  piston  covers  the  exhaust  ports  the  cylinder  contains  only 
pure  air,  which  is  then  compressed,  as  before. 

The  indicator  diagram  obtained  is  shown  in  fig.  2  ;  here  E  G  is 
the  compression  space,  while  e  h  is  said  to  represent  the  correspond- 
ing compression  space  in  an  ordinary  Diesel  engine  :  e  c  is  the 
atmospheric  pressure  line,  and  compression  starts  at  D,  the  shaded 
area  i'  representing  the  work  of  compression. 

The  principle  can  be  applied  also  to  the  four-cycle  type  of  engine, 
in  which  case  the  scavenging  air  supply  is  not  required.  Fi^,  .3 
shows  the  diagram  in  this  case.  Here,  on  the  suction  stroke,  the 
air  induction  valve  is  closed  at  the  point  b,  and  the  piston  tuns  on. 
to  D,  expanding  the  air  to  a  point  below  atmospheric  pressure  by 
the  amount  CD;  the  difference  of  pressures  inside  and  outside  the 
cylinder  cushions  the  stroke  and  helps  the  working  parts  to  turn 
the  outer  centre  without  shock,  also  accelerating  the  parts  on  the 
return  stroke.  On  arriving  at  b,  the  piston  commences  to  compress 
the  air,  bringing  it  up  to  500  lb.  at  e  ;  injection  of  fuel  takes 
place,  followed  by  expansion  down  to  C,  and  on  the  return  stroke 
the  piston  expels  the  bnrnt  gases.  Engines  working  with  gas  on 
the  four-cycle  system,  with  compression  only  to  about  80  lb.,  can  be 
operated  on  similar  lines.  •_!.  ■ 

Particulars  are  given  in  the  article  q"uoted  of  ensrines  wh^wm  haYe 
been  dbMg»%d.of  230 .B,H,P..at;sfO  RJ'.rM.,  on  the  anthor  s  B^9t«B|L 


62 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [Voi.  72.  No.  1,833,  januautio,  leis. 


for  Colonial  orders,  to  be  used  in  conjunction  with  the  Paragon 
^7tt«m  of  electric  transmiBsion.  A  300-H.P.  petroleum- electric  loco, 
motive  for  paseenper  train  service  on  one  of  the  leading:  British  rail- 
ways, weigrhine  35  tons,  is  aleo  described  and  illustrated  ;  each  of 
the  four  axles  is  driven  by  an  induction  motor,  with  a  grear  ratio 
of  3'35  to  1,  and  10  running  speeds  are  provided,  while  the  engine 
runs  always  at  constant  speed.  The  fuel  consumption  per  axle 
horse-power-hour  is  estimated  to  be  OTi  lb.  of  crude  oil.  A  small 
exciter  is  provided,  as  well  as  a  small  storage  battery  capable  of 
lighting,  heating  and  ventilating  the  locomotive  and  train.  The 
cooling  water  is  carried  in  a  radiator  on  the  top  of  the  locomotive, 
and  special  means  are  employed  to  vary  the  rate  of  circulation,  so 
as  to  keep  the  water  at  n  constant  temperature.  The  author  states 
that  the  system  can  be  applied  to  locomotives  up  to  1,000  H.l'., 
weighing  8o  tons,  with  a  drawbar  pull  at  starting  of  l.'i  tons. 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES,    FTTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 


The  Record  Patent  D.C.  MoviD^-t'oil  Instrument. 

The  desirability  of  a  long  scale  in  a  measuring  instrument  is  well 
understood,  but  hitherto  the  angular  deflection  of  the  pointer  of  a 
K.v.  moving-coil  instrument  has  been  limited  to  an  arc  of  !)u" 
or  so  by  the  requirements  of  design  of  the  coil  and  the  poles  cf  the 
magnet  ;  many  attempts  have  been  made  to  overcome  this  draw- 
back, but  with  indifferent  success.  The  usual  design,  moreover, 
necessitates  oitlicr  a  very  long  air-gap  (with  no  core  to  the  coil)  or 


Fig.  1. — New  ''Record''  Ammetkr. 

two  air-gaps  in  series,  the  latter  being  the  customary  arrangement. 
The  attempt  to  shorten  the  air-gaps  has  led  to  marveUous  accuracy 
in  the  construction  of  the  coil  and  pole-pieces,  but  the  coil  is  large 
and  has  a  fairly  high  moment  of  inertia,  and  any  defect  in  manu- 
facture or  fitting  leads  to  fouling. 

The  RixoKi)  Elfcthical  Co..  Ltd.,  of  fasten  House,  S.W., 
have  now  developed  an  entirely  new  design,  giving  a  scale  sub- 
tending :^00''  -  not  tar  from  a  complete  revolution  of  the 
pointer-  and  avoiding  the  difficulties  above-mentioned.  Fig.  1 
fhowB  this  feature  in  the  ca.se  of  an  ammeter,  and  it  will  be 
noticed  that  the  .scale,  which  is  sensibly  uniform  throughout,  is 
remarkably  clear  and  easily  read  ;  moreover,  the  divided  scale  is 
placed  outside  the  bold  figures,  thus  giving  the  largest  possible 


Fi<,.  2. — Magnet  System. 

space  for  the  divisions  and  facilitating  accuracJy  of  reading.  The 
Bcale  of  the  ^-in.  dial  switchboard  instrument  illustrated  is 
17  in.  long,  and  that  of  the  l."-in.  instrument  is  no  less  than 
:<  ft.  long — in  each  case  about  three  times  as  long  as  in  the  usual 
type. 

The  method  by  which  this  large  deflection — which  can  be 
increased  to  330°  if  necessary — is  obtained  is  shown  in 
figs.  2  to  4.  Fig.  2  shows  the  magnet  and  pole  pieces,  which  are 
arranged  on  the  sandwich  plan,  ho  to  speak,  one  ring-shaped  pole 
(which  also  forms  the  core  of  the  coil)  being  placexl  between  the 
two  extensions  of  the  other  ;  the  shape  of  the  magnet  is  eminently 
suited  to  enable  it  also  to  form  the  backlione  of  the  instrument, 
carrying  the  lighter  portions.  The  inner  pole-piece  i,s  made  in 
haln&  to  admit  the  coil.  There  are  two  air-gaps,  bounded  by.  flat 
»'iffftoeo  <rhlfh   are  therefore  easily  mnde  true,  and  of  large  ares  ; 


these  also  are  not  in  series  but  in  parallel,  so  that  the  magnetic 
reluctance  is  very  low,  and  this  enables  a  strong  working  field  to  be 
secured,  together  with  great  permanence  of  the  magnet  and  freedom 
from  external  interference. 

The  coil  is  shown  in  fig.  .'! ;  the  active  conductors  are  the  upper 
and  lower  ones,  and  the  idle  length  of  conductor  is  short  compared 
with  the  useful  portions  ;  the  small  coil  is  therefore  of  very  low 
resistance,  and  can  be  u.sed  with  shunts  giving  the  usual  drop  of 


Fic!.  3.— MoviN(;-criii.  System. 

0075  volt.  The  pointer  acts  a.s  a  counterbalance  to  the  coil,  and 
the  moving  system  is  very  light  and  well  damped,  being  almost 
dead-beat.  Titirge  clearance  is  provided  at  the  ends  of  the  coil,  and 
a  considerable  slackening  of  the  bearing  will  not  cause  fouling. 
The  instrument  assembled  is  shown  in  fig.  4. 

These  meters  are  mad<'  both  for  switchboard  and  laboratory  use, 
with  suitable  modifications,  tlic  latter  type  having  a  mirror  and 
knife-edge  pointer.  In  conclusion,  we  arc  informed  that  the  three- 
fold  (Icficclion  is  obtained  without  any  increase  in  the  expenditure 


Fig.  -1. — Interior  of  Record  Instrument. 

of  energy,  or,  if  preferred,  advantage  may  be  taken  of  the  long 
Hcale  to  enable  the  same  range  to  be  obtaincxl  with  one  ehunt  as 
the  ordinary  type  gi\  es  with  three  shunts.  The  workmanship  is  of 
a  very  high  order,  and  we  were  much  impressed  with  the  merits  of 
the  instrument  which  was  submitted  to  us  for  examination. 
Ammeters  and  voltmeters  are  made  of  all  the  usual  ranges. 

"  One-Part''  l.nni]tliol(lor  and  Ping. 

We  have  received  from  Me.'^srs.  G.  St.  .John  Day  &  Ct).,of  Mumps 
Electrical  Works.  Oldham,  samples  of  their  One-part  lampbolder 
and  One-part  plug,  botli  of  which  represent  a  marked  advance  in 
simplified  construction  on  previous  efforts  of  the  kind. 

It  may  be  remembered  that,  last  year,  we  described  in  these 
columns  one  or  two  ingenious  lampholders  which,  by  comparison 


FiG.s 


:<  AND  0. — "One-Part  "  Lampholder,  and 
Arrangement  of  Terminal. 


with  the  ordinary  pattern,  were  a  considerable  improvement,  and 
that  one  of  them  was  the  "  Mumps"  lampholder  by  the  same  firm. 
The  One-part  holder  consists  merely  of  a  porcelain  interior  with 
two  holes  running  through  from  top  to  bottom,  each  hole  enclosing 
one  wire  of  the  flexible  and  a  terminal  plunger,  while  a  standard 
screwed  barrel  with  bayonet  socke'fs  and  shade  ring  is  permanently 
secured  to  the  lower  part  of  the  porcelain. 


Vol.72.   No.  1,81(3,  janoauy  10,  i9i:..]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


5Ji 


The  terminal  partH  nro  a  ilidinpr  fit  in  their  holei)  and  arc  with- 
drawn for  tho  purpoHB  of  wiring,  the  bared  wire  b(?inif  firnt  punhed 
throutfh  tho  jmrceiaiii  and  attached  to  tho  tenniiial  lop  hy  n  Bcrow, 
which  hart  a  jKJciiliarly  shaped  head,  projettin)f  eonic,  i  in.,  with 
notchcH  on  either  nido,  miind  which  the  wire  in  looped  for 
(frealer  seourity  ;  the  terminuls,  once  wired,  are  winiply  drawn  up 
into  their  roHpective  cavities  by  |)ullin^'  the  tifx.  atiovc  the  holder. 

Tho  above  doHcription  alao  applioH  practically  to  the  plujr,  which 
consiHtM  of  a  plain  wood  or  porcelain  body  with  two  through  holcB 
for  wiroM  and  i)lain  terminal  contactn  (instead  of  plunprofB).  These 
are  also  wire<l  in  a  nimilar  manner  to  the  oliove. 

In  either  cane  it  will  bo  noted  that  there  is  practically  no  ohonce 
of  ft  "Bhort,"  the  leads  beinp  neparated  throu(rhout ;  the  wirinjr  Ih 
easy  and  no  tool  i«  required  beyond  that  neccBPary  for  preparing  the 
wire  itself  ;  the  two  terminal  fittinps  are  the  only  detachable  parts 
in  either  holder  or  pliiif. 

A  Cavity-head  Screw. 

A  screw  with  a  head  of  a  novel  pattern  is  being  placed  on  the 
market  by  Mit,  S.  Sutci,ii'1'"E,  of  li.  Central  Street,  Halifax.  As 
shown  in  the  acoompanyinpr  iag  7,  the  head  is  cupped,  and  the 
groove  is  out  to  a  larger  radius  than  that  of  the  cup.  To  turn 
these  screws,  a  screw-driver  with  a  curved  edge  is  used.  Everyone 
who  has  bad  to  drive  a  screw  knows  the  annoyance,  and  often  the 


Fig.  7.— CAviTy-HEAu  Screw. 


damage,  that  results  when  the  driver  slips  laterally  out  of  the 
groove,  but  it  will  be  seen  at  once  that  those  new  screws  can  be 
driven  with  ease  and  certainty,  even  in  the  dark.  Care  is  taken  to 
design  them  so  that  the  head  is  not  weakened,  and  the  spherical 
cavity  is  polished,  giving  a  handsome  appearance  to  the  finished 
work.  There  is  less  chance,  too,  of  the  driver  slipping  and 
defacing  the  head  of  the  screw. 

New  E.A.C.  Car-switcli  Lift  Controller. 

The  Electrical  Apparatus  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Vauxhall  Works, 
South  Lambeth  Road,  S.W..  have  devised  a  controller  for  high- 
speed passenger  lifts,  consisting  of  automatic  reversing  gear  inter- 
locked with  an  automatic  starter  on  the  same  panel.      The  two 


Fig.  8.— E.A.C.  Lift  Controller. 

smaller  solenoids  seen  in  fig.  S,  are  for  up  and  down  direction 
respectively,  and  the  centrally  pivoted  switch  at  the  bottom 
of  the  controller  (operated  by  the  same  solenoids)  is  for  rever- 
sing the  armature  connections.  The  long  solenoid  cuts  out 
the  starting  resistance,  the  operation  being  as  follows  : — When  the 


'ift  attendant  moven  the  oar  Hwitch  to  the  "up"  or  "down 
poBition,  the  corn-Hpondlng  nolcnoid  on  the  controller  U  enenriM*!. 
and  it«  plungitr  puUnd  up.  During  itH  upward  movr-ment  thi- 
armature  roverHing  Bwit<;h  in  clowd  in  the  right  direction,  ari<l 
finally  tho  cirouitH  to  the  brake  magnet,  the  Blart<;r  Wilcnoirl  arid 
line  are  complete*),  and  the  motor  in  Htartcd  with  all  rc(iiittanr;<'  in. 
IteBiHtanco  is  cut  out  ntop  by  Btep  by  the  automatic  gtarter.  the 
speed  of  which  in  retarded  by  a  daBh|iot.  The  roU;  of  acwderatior. 
con  be  varied  by  turning  a  »crew  on  the  ontKJde  of  the  daithjxjt. 
Current  in  never  ma<lc  or  broken  on  the  armature  reverHing  Hwitch 
or  on  the  rheostat,  the  contact-njoking  partH  being  the  croB«  arirm 
fitted  with  renewable  copi)er  rollerB,  which  engage  with  large 
renewable  carbon  blockH,  cushioned  and  partially  hollowed,  in  order 
to  ensure  a  definite  contact. 

As  an  additional  security,  a  powerful  magnetic  blow-out  is 
employed,  the  front  shield  of  which  is  seen  in  the  illostration. 
hiding  the  two  line  contactors  from  view.  By  changing  one  link 
on  the  panel,  the  control  can  be  removed  from  the  lift  cage  to  two 
push  buttons  in  the  top  left-hand  comer  of  the  panel,  so  as  to 
enable  the  lift  to  be  tested  from  the  motor  room  with  the  cage 
empty.  The  apparatus  is  completely  interlocked,  and  it  is  im- 
possible to  start  up  the  motor  until  the  starting  resistance  is  all 
inserted.  An  electrical  as  well  as  mechanical  interlock  prevents 
any  possibility  of  the  up  and  down  solenoids  lifting  together. 

New  G.E.C.  House  Service  Cut*Out. 

The  accompanying  illustration  shows  the  new  pattern  of  house 
service  out-out,  recently  introduced  by  the  General  Electric  Co., 
Ltd.  In  this  design.  Home  OflSce  requirements  have  been  strictly 
adhered  to  ;  the  case  is  of  cast-iron,  enclosing  the  fittings  in  a  very 
neat  manner.      There  is  eflBcient  iflisulation  between  the  case  and 


Fio.  9.— G.E.C.  House  Service  Cut-odt. 


the  fittings,  and  a  liberal  rating  of  metal  parts.  The  contacts  are 
sunk  in  a  recessed  porcelain  bloek,  thus  rendering  it  impossible  to 
make  accidental  contact  with  live  parts  when  replacing  the  fuse 
holder.  The  fixing  holes  are  drilled  under  the  porcelain  cable 
bushes.     The  capacity  of  the  cut-out  is  10  amperes. 

B.T.H.    Theatre  Dimmers. 

The  British  Tho.msos-Hocston  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  77,  T'pper  Thames 
Street,  E,C.,  are  supplying  metallic  dimmers  in  several  types,  for 
fixing  flat  against,  or  at  right  angles  to,  wall  or  switchboard,  and 


Fig.  10.— B.T.H.  Tue.\tre  Dimmer. 

for  mounting  in  dimmer  banks.  Dimmers  consisting  of  two  or 
more  plates  may  have  a  eingle  lever  for  the  control  of  all  plates, 
interlocking  individual  levers,  or  non-interlocking  individual  levers. 

Every  dimmer  is  made  up  of  one  or  more  standard  plates,  which 
can  be  added  to  or  decreased  in  the  same  way  as  a  sectional  book- 
case. It  is  thus  possible  to  modify  the  equipment  without  waste  of 
time,  material  or  money. 

In  the  B.T.H.  design,  fig.  10,  a  perforated  cast-iron  plate  encases  a 
special  composition,  embodying  resistance  elements  having  a  negli- 
gible temperature  coefficient,  which   are  held  firmly  in  place  by 

E 


54 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.        [Vol.72.    No.  1,833,  January  10,  loa 


cement,  which  is  a  hijrhly  efficient  heat  conductor  and  electric 
ineulator.  The  contact  seKinente  are  arranged  to  ensure  ajrainstthe 
poesibility  of  arcing  from  point  to  point,  and  to  prevent  the 
accumulation  of  dirt  between  the  segments.  The  use  of  wall  type 
dimmers  i:<  recomnifiided  where  only  a  few  lamps  are  to  be  con- 
trolled, as  in  small  cinematograph  theatres,  churches,  kc.  In  the 
interlocking  two-wire  type  each  plate  has  an  individual  lever, 
which  can  be  interlocked  by  a  slight  twist  of  the  handles,  so  that 
anv  one  or  all  of  the  plates  can  be  operated  by  the  master  lever.  In 
the  interlocking  three-wire  type,  each  pair  of  plates  is  controlled 
by  a  small  lever  whiih,  when  interlocked,  can  be  operated  by  the 
master  lever  in  a  bimilar  manner.  The  levers  are  attached  to  a 
shaft  which  is  eartied  on  self-centring  bearings  and  an  extension 
of  the  horizontal  arm  of  the  end  frame.  This  method  of  niounting 
is  II--. 1  fell-  I  ith  the  interlocking  and  non-interlocking  types. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Consular  Xotes. — Russia. — The  Austrian  Consul  at 
Kieff  reports  that  ijuite  small  electric  motors  find  a  very  good  sale 
in  his  district,  and  there  is  also  a  fair  market  for  large  dynamos. 
There  are  quite  a  number  of  purchasers  who  prefer  foreign 
machinery  to  the  home  constructed  variety.  In  consequence  of 
the  high  duty  on  steam  engines  and  dynamos,  steam  turbines 
coupled  to  dynamos  have  recently  been  imported.  These  machines 
actively  compete  with  separate  steam  engines,  Diesel  motors.  &c. 
Incandescent  and  arc  lamps  are  being  imported  in  larger  quantities, 
but  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  home  production  of  carbon 
incandescent  lamps  is  showing  an  important  development.  There 
are  two  works  in  Moscow  and  one  in  Warsaw  for  the  production  of 
these  lamps,  which  have  also  taken  up  the  manufacture  of  metal- 
filament  lamps,  and  have  dealt  a  serious  blow  to  foreign  manufac- 
turers. The  result  will  be  that  one  or  other  of  the  large  foreign 
works  will  establish  branch  establishments  in  Russia.  The  demand 
for  arc  lamps  has  been  appreciably  affected  by  the  high  power 
metal-filament  lamps.  For  lighting  materials  in  general,  Germany 
is  the  chief  supplier,  but  Austria  has  recently  begun  to  show 
active  competition,  one  Vienna  firm  having  achieved  considerable 
success.  Imports  of  dynamos,  electric  motors  of  every  kind,  and 
transformers,  in  1911  amounted  to  234,000  ponds,  valued  at 
r>,838,000  roubles,  as  compared  with  162,000  pouds,  valued  at 
4,471,0ui»  roubles,  in  i;)10. 

Russia.— The  British  Consul  at  Riga  reports  that  imports  of 
machinery,  which  rose  considerably  in  191ii,  increased  still  further 
in  r.m.  The  greater  part  of  the  machinery  imported  is  destined 
for  industrial  use.  and  goes  in  transit  tor  the  interior.  If  we 
compare  the  years  1910  and  \'>\\.  we  find  that  in  the  former  year 
."i,6!i0  tons  of  agricultural  machinery,  and  10,478  tons  of  industrial 
machinery  were  imported  into  Riga,  whereas  for  li'U  the  figures 
were  li, 349  and  1)s,99l'  tons  respectively.  If  we  go  back  as  far  as 
1 '."01.  we  find  the  respective  figures  given  as  824  and  .t,248  tons: 
this  serves  to  indicate  the  great  advance  in  imports  of  machinery  in 
late  years.  The  I'nited  Kingd  im  is  by  far  the  greatest  supplier  of 
industrial  machinery.  According  to  available  statistics,  Sweden 
holds  first  place  in  the  supply  of  agricultural  machinery  at  Riga. 
She  is  improving  her  position  in  the  production  of  industrial 
machinery,  and  thus  threatens  Germany's  position  as  the  country 
second  in  importance  to  the  United  Kingdom  in  this  branch  of 
Riga's  imports. 

Later  in  his  report  the  Consul  states  that  the  consumption  of 
electrical  energy  has  developed  each  year  from  1906  to  the  present 
time.  The  electric  station  has  met  a  greatly  increased  demand  for 
light,  but  the  most  notable  feature  in  1911,  as  in  the  previous  year, 
was  the  increased  demand  for  electricity  for  power.  In  1911  more 
than  2,000  electric  meters  came  into  use,  or  nearly  as  many  as  the 
total  number  in  use  in  the  first  four  years  of  the  electric  station's 
existence  (l!'0')-9).  The  increased  demand  for  electricity  made  it 
necessary  to  extend  the  electric  station,  and  a  turbine-generator  of 
about-3,000  H.r.  was  accordingly  added.  This  was  supplied  by  a 
German  company.  The  total  length  of  the  electric  tramlines  at 
the  end  of  1911  was  estimated  roughly  at  42  km.  No  new  lines 
were  constructed  during  th«|Kkr. 

Brazil.— The  Austrian  0*ibsu1  at  Sao  Paulo  reports  that  in  1911 
18  new  concessions  for  telephones  were  granted,  so  that  the  number 
of  existing  telephone  companies  increased  to  til.  The  system  covers 
over  4,500  km.  The  Government  proposes  to  bring  about  the 
farther  improvement  of  the  telephone  service,  and  to  help  to  remove 
existing  diflSculties  which  result  from  poor  material,  thin  wires, 
and  faulty  personnel.  Moreover,  a  reduction  of  the  subscription  ia 
proposed,  the  present  annual  subscription  within  the  kilometre  radius 
being  IfiO  milrei:'. 

Later,  in  hi.-*  report  the  Consul  states  that  the  extraordinarily 
favourable  industrial  condition  of  Sao  Paulo  must  naturally  lead 
to  a  large  expansion  of  trade.  Most  of  the  business  is  done  through 
large  importing  merchants,  and  the  investment  of  capital  in  the 
district  has  been  an  important  factor  in  securing  trade.  A  firm 
wishing  to  establish  it?elf  in  Brazil,  and  to  participate  in  the  trade, 
must  be  so  well  capital ieed  that  it  can  make  considerable  sacrifices 
to  begin  with,  can  undertake  a  strenuous  advertising  campaign, 
and — what  is  particularly  imjKirtant  in  the  machinery  trade— give 
long  credits,  as  well  as  share  in  financing  new  undertakings  from 
vrhich  orders  may  be  looked  for.  Almost  daily,  at  the  present 
time,  details  of  new  undertakings  appear  in  the  papers,  of  which 
only  about  r,u  j>er  cent,  are  more  than  unformed  ideas.     Readers  of 


sueh  ncitices  are  apt  to  take  it  for  granted  that  these  notices  all 
refer  to  bund  fidr  undertakings,  and  may  just  happen  to  pitch  on 
one  that  is  not.  Experience  leads  them  to  ignore  these  notices  in 
future,  and  thereby  they  may  miss  an  excellent  opportunity.  All 
that  is  required  is  a  knowledge  of  local  conditions,  and  a  power  of 
discrimination,  and  these  requirements  can  only  be  obtained  on  the 
spot  by  means  of  an  efficient  representative. 

Uruguay.— The  British  Consul  at  Monte  Video  reports  that  on 
January  8th,  1912,  a  decree  was  published  making  obligatory 
wireless  telegraphy  installations  on  all  passenger  ships  carrying 
passengers  between  Uruguay  and  other  ports  from  May  Ist,  1912, 
but  the  operation  of  the  decree  was  subsequently  postponed  to 
August  15th,  1912.  By  the  decree,  ocean-going  steamers  must  have 
apparatus  powerful  enough  to  receive  and  transmit  messages  from 
and  to  a  distance  of  400  km.  (248.}  miles).  The  Marconi  station  at 
Maldonado  was  closed  down  on  March  23rd,  its  work  being 
taken  over  by  the  Government  installation  at  Cerrito  (Tele- 
funken  system).  The  proposed  installation  in  Lobos  Island,  referred 
to  last  year,  has  not  yet  been  taken  in  hand,  and  the  erection  of  a 
lighthouse  on  English  Bank  has  also  been  deferred  ;  but  the  wire- 
less station  on  English  Bank  is  now  working,  and  will  be  a  great 
boon  in  stormy  weather. 

Elsewhere  in  his  report,  the  Consul  points  out  that  the  principal 
impediment  in  the  way  of  British  firms  not  already  established  in 
the  Uruguay  market  is  the  difticulty  of  finding  British  agents  in 
Monte  Video.  The  British  firms  already  existing  in  Monte  Video 
are,  in  most  cases,  so  occupied  with  their  present  business  that  they 
have  little  desire  to  take  up  new  agencies,  especially  if  the  goods 
are  new  to  the  market  and  the  terms  nothing  exceptional.  This 
applies  also  to  Uruguayan  firms,  with  whom  there  is  the  further 
difficulty  of  dealing  in  Spanish.  Accordingly,  letters  from  British 
firms  to  traders  in  Uruguay  offering  agencies  frequently  find  their 
way  to  the  waste  paper  basket,  or  meet  with  an  evasive  reply,  for  it 
is  now  axiomatic  in  Monte  Video  that  if  a  foreign  firm  has  business 
worth  offering,  it  will  send  a  competent  member  of  the  firm  to 
choose  an  agent.  The  fact  is  well  known  to  British  importers  to 
South  America,  whose  commercial  travellers  now  include  Monte 
Video  in  their  South  American  itinerary.  Some,  however,  have 
concentrated  on  the  larger  market  of  the  neighbouring  metropolis 
of  Buenos  Ayres  without  seriously  considering  the  possibilities  of 
business  in  Uruguay.  Where  British  agents  are  unobtainable  in 
Uruguay  it  is  better  policy  to  appoint  Uruguayans,  in  preference 
to  any  of  the  firms  of  the  nalionalties  of  our  competitors.  It 
would  seem  hardly  necessary  to  repeat  the  perennial  warning  that 
the  metric  system  is  enforced  by  law  in  Uruguay,  where  tradesmen 
are  fined  for  using  any  other  system,  and  that  correspondence  with 
Uruguayan  firms  should  be  conducted  in  Spanish,  were  it  not  that 
catalogues  and  circulars  are  still  sent  to  Monte  Video,  printed  in 
English,  with  quotations  in  British  weights  and  measures.  Perhaps 
the  greatest  obstacle  to  the  expansion  of  the  import  trade  is  the 
high  protectionist  Customs  tariff,  which  dates  from  1870,  with 
subsequent  alterations  imposing  in  most  cases  additional  duties. 
The  I'nited  Kingdom  is,  however,  on  the  same  footing  as  her 
European  and  North  American  competitors,  as  there  is  practically 
one  uniform  tariff  for  all  countries,  without  any  preferential  scale. 
In  1907  a  new  Customs  tariff  was  published,  further  increasing  the 
duties,  but  was  not  adopted.  In  view  of  the  recent  increases  in 
public  expenditure,  it  is  feared  that  no  remission  of  Customs  duties 
is  to  be  hoped  for,  although  the  best  authorities  arc  of  the  opinion 
that  the  Customs  revenue  would  not  suffer  by  a  reduction  by  10  per 
cent,  of  the  present  duties.  The  Customs  duties  at  present  provide 
over  60  per  cent,  of  the  public  revenue.  A  Bill  was  introduced  in 
July,  1912,  for  raising  considerably  the  duties  on  iron  and  steel 
and  certain  other  goods.  The  main  purpose  of  theBill,  as  explained 
by  the  proposer,  was  to  enable  local  manufacturers  to  carry  on 
business  without  loss  in  the  event  of  an  Eight  Hours'  Bill  becoming 
law.  The  tendency  is  to  meet  the  expenses  of  new  public  works  by 
means  of  temporary  additional  Customs  duties,  but  unfortunately 
when  the  work  is  completed  and  paid  for,  the  temporary  duty 
remains  as  a  permanent  one.  This  policy  has  done  much  to  increase 
the  cost  of  living,  which  is  now  alarmingly  high — having  increased 
by  about  50  per  cent,  in  10  years. 

Germany  and  the  Sales  of  Large  Gas  Engines.— 

A  Sales  Syndicate  has  recently  been  established  in  Cologne  by  all 
the  German  builders  of  large  gas  engines.    The  object  of  the  syn- 
dicate, which  has   been   formed  for  a   period   of  six  years,  is  to 
equalise  the  orders  given  out  between  the  different  builders,  and  to         * 
institute  a  uniform  set  of  sale  and  delivery  conditions. 

Spain. — La  Sociedad  Espanola  de  Electricidad  AUemanna 
Svenska  is  the  name  of  a  new  company  which  has  lately  been 
formed  in  Madrid,  with  a  capital  of  £H0,0(I0,  to  develop  the  sale  of 
the  Swedish  Electrical  Co.'s  productions  in  Spain. 

Calendars    and    Diaries. — From    Messrs.    Ai-kkkd 

Gbaha.m  &  Co.,  St.  Andrew's  Works,  Crofton  Park,  London,  S.E., 
we  have  received  a  blotting  pad  worthy  of  a  place  on  any  desk,  with 
a  blotter  diary  at  left  hand,  with  ample  daily  spaces  and  calendars 
for  1913-4.  Another  souvenir  of  equally  practical  value  from  this 
lirm  takes  the  form  of  a  useful  pocket  volume  of  some  250  pa^es 
containing  speed  and  tide  tables  for  1913— daily  tide  tables  for  the 
principal  seaports  of  the  United  Kingdom,  port  charges,  knot 
tables,  distance  tables,  electrical  terms,  engineers'  tables,  weights 
and  measures,  postal  information  and  blank  pages  for  memoranda. 

The  WESTiNononsE  Brake  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  82,  York  Road,  King's 
Cross,  London,  N.,  has  issued  a  wall  calendar  for  1913,  with  tear-off 
monthly  sheets,  each  of  which  contains  a  half-tone  illustration  of  a 
Westinghouse-Morse  chain  drive. 

Messus.  W.  H.  WTi.i.coi'  i^  Co.,  of  38,  Southwork  Street,  London, 
S.E.,  have  issued  their  usual  date  remembrancer  for  the  year,  each 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8:i:t,jANUAuv  10,  iDiii.i     THK    FJjL^CTRICAL    RKVIKW. 


DC 


monthly  sheet  beini;  oonspionoufl  for  tliu  nhundniicu  nf  illiiiitrationH 
of  tho  iimnufacturoH  nupplicd  by  thcin. 

Mi:f<sus.  Naldmh  Hhos.  a.  Tiio.Mrso.v,  l,iu.,  of  ill,  guoon  Street, 
liOiidoii,  K.C.,  hnve  iMHued  one  of  their  now  iiiiito  familiar  handy- 
rti/.ed  onlondarn,  with  monthly  tear-off  HlipH  for  liMli. 

From  Mi':srtus.  \V.  T.  Hkni.kys  Tuli^jkai'Ii  Wouks  Co.,  l/ro., 
of  Blomtiold  Street,  London  Wall,  Vj.C,  wc  have  received  a  wall 
calondar  of  artistic  deHi(j;n,  with  date  HlipH  for  the  year,  each  of 
which  (fives  six  workinjj  days,  these  slips  bein^  for  the  most  part 
appropriately  illustrated  with  pictures  of  the  company's  manu- 
factures, iS(c. 

Considered  from  some  standpoints,  the  I'.M:!  calendar  of  the 
.Ta.ndi's  Auc  Lamp  and  Ki.kctiiio  Cd.,  Lti>.,  is  us  "  taking  "  as 
anything  we  have  this  year  seen,  though  others,  as  we  have  already 
stated,  are  excellent  from  their  special  point  of  view.  The  picture, 
we  understand,  is  reproduced  from  an  orijrinal  water-colour  draw- 
ing, prepared  for  the  firm  by  M.  Connorton.  It  is  quite  different 
in  style  from  their  productions  of  the  last  year  or  two,  and  as  there 
is  no  title  or  explanatory  note  we  are  left  to  guess  the  nature  of 
the  thouphts  which  give  the  charminp  damsel  such  heavenly  satis- 
faction. Wc  will  resist  the  temptation  to  break  forth  into  poetry  con- 
cerninjr  my  lady's  eyebrows,  pretty  lips,  a  thornless  rose,  and  other 
features  which  move  the  soul  even  of  the  prosaio  technical  journalist. 
The  Jandus  Co.  (Ilartham  Road,  London,  X.)  will  be  pleased  to  send 
a  copy  to  anybody  interested  in  their  manufactures. 

Messrs.  Mavor  A;  Cm  i.soN,  Lti>.,  of  47,  Hroad  Street,  Mile 
End,  Glasfrow,  have  prepared  a  wall  calendar  for  the  year  with 
monthly  date  slips  with  very  plain  lifjurinfr.  An  illustration  of  the 
"  Pick-Quick  "  electric  coal-cutter  adorns  the  card. 

The  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Lto.,  of  Uugby,  have 
issued  a  wall  calondar  consisting  of  13  larfje  monthly  sheets  up  to, 
and  including,  .January,  I'.tll.  Each  sheet  has  the  current  month's 
dates  in  large  type,  and  the  previous  and  following  months  above 
in  smaller  type  on  the  left  and  right  hands  respectively.  Between 
these  upper  date  spaces  there  is,  on  each  sheet,  a  photographic 
half-tone  reproduction  of  a  colliery  power  station  or  textile  instal- 
lation, haulage  gear,  or  other  feature  of  the  company's  manu- 
factures. 

From  the  Liverpool  Electric  Cable  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Liverpool, 
we  have  received  a  very  neat  wall  calendar  for  1918.  The  monthly 
tear-off  slips  have  very  plain  figuring.  The  upper  half  of  the  card 
contains  a  general  view  of  the  company's  new  works  which  were 
opened  in  June  last. 

As  a  New  Year  souvenir  the  Benjamin  Electric,  Ltd.,  of  117, 
Victoria  Street,  London,  S.W.,  have  issued  to  all  the  London  central 
station  engineers  and  contractors  one  of  their  Benjamin  telephone 
cards,  whereon  are  printed  the  names  and  telephone  numbers  of  all 
the  leading  wholesale  distributors  of  electrical  supplies  to  whom 
the  engineer  or  contractor  can  telephone  for  his  requirements. 
'Spaces  are  left  wherein  to  add  the  names  and  numbers  of  other 
firms  with  whom  the  recipient  does  business. 

Book  Notices. —  WUlinifs  Press  Guide.  1913.  London: 
1 25,  Strand.  Fortieth  annual  issue. — Nothing  new  occurs  to  us  in 
regard  to  this  book.  As  we  have  said  repeatedly,  we  find  it  a  very 
conveniently  arranged  guide  to  the  Press,  whose  cost  (Is.)  brings 
it  within  the  reach  of  everybody  having  a  use  for  such  a 
publication. 

"  The  Miirkische  Electricity  Works."  By  Prof.  Dr.  G.  Klingen- 
berg.  Fully  illustrated  description.  -From  the  Allgemeine  Elek- 
tricitats-Gesellschaft,  Berlin. 

DissolutioDs    and    Liquidations. — Vacuum    Enuin- 

EEEING  Co.,  Ltd. — This  company  is  winding  up  voluntarily,  with 
Mr.  J.  A.  Heiron,  30,  Moorgate  Street,  E.C.,  as  liquidator.  A 
meeting  of  creditors  is  called  for  January  16th. 

George  Reed,  heating  and  electrical  engineers,  11,  Chapel  Ash, 
Wolverhampton. — Messrs.  G.  Reed  and  F.  W.  Stubbs  have  dissolved 
partnership.  Mr.  Reed  will  continue  the  business,  and  attend  to 
debts. 

Electrical  Advf,rtisin(;  Co.,  Ltd. --This  company  is  winding 
up  voluntarily,  with  Mr.  N.  C.  Meredith,  13  and  14,  Abchurch 
Lane,  London,  E.C.,  as  liquidator. 

National  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.— Creditors  must  send  parti- 
culars of  their  debts,  &c.,  to  the  liquidator,  Mr.  Geo.  Franklin, 
Telephone  House,  Victoria  Embankment,  E.C.,  by  February  1st. 

Mica  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.— A  meeting  is  to  be  held  at  19,  St. 
Dunstan's  Hill,  London,  E.C.,  on  February  (ith,  to  hear  an  account 
of  the  winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  P.  Faman. 

CatalojTues  and  Lists. — The  General  Electric  Co., 

Ltd.,  67,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.G. — Revised  edition  of 
the  firm's  telephone  list  (between  (10  and  70  pages).  This  list  differs 
from  the  last  edition  mainly  in  respect  to  the  prices  quoted,  most 
of  them  being  completely  changed  ;  contractors  and  others  in- 
terested should,  therefore,  secure  copies  at  once.  The  list  is  fully 
illustrated,  and  the  contents  cover  direct-working,  battery  call  and 
intercommunication  telephones,  central  battery,  military,  navy  and 
traction  telephones,  fire  alarms,  water  level  indicators,  watchmen's 
tell-tales,  A:c.  Also  new  small  leaflets  relating  to  "Magnet" 
nursery  requisites,  "  Ideal  "  electric  toasters,  and  Holophane  office 
shades. 

The  British  Insulated  and  Helsbv  Cables,  Ltd.,  Prescot. 
— Nev^  leaflet  (P.  122)  containing  illustrated  description  with 
prices  of  the  Prescot  automatic  motor  starters  for  continuous- 
current  motors. 

The  Endolithic  Manufacturing  Co.,  61i,  Fore  Street, 
London,  E.G.— Leaflets  with  samples  of  their  metal,  ivory  and  bone 
labels  ;  also  a  sample  of  a  metal  advertising  knife,  with  6-in,  rule 
marked  thereon, 


The  Metallic  Beamlehb  Tube  Co.,  Ltd.,  Meta  Houte:  Bir- 
mingham. lUuMtratcd  and  priced  leafletH  relating  to  their  popular 
lincH  of  glnH.i  lamp  HhadcH. 

Mehsiw.  Simim.kv  Co.ndi  its,  Ltd.,  llti,  'baring  CrouH  Uoa/J, 
London,  W.C.-  Four-pai/e  HuppJeiiientary  lint,  \'H.\Ti'A),  in  which 
they  give  prices  and  illiiHtrut<;d  description  of  c.c.  dynamoM  nnd 
motor.'<,  slarters  and  Hhunt  rcgulatorH.  They  are  now  intro- 
ducing a  range  of  these  motors  up  to  20  ilp.  and  dynamoH  up  to 
17  KW.  Another  publication,  /J  (4 t'lO),  contains  particultrK  and 
priceH  of  the  firm's  new  typen  of  electricity  meters,  in  addition  tu 
those  shown  in  the  reiontly  insued  general  catalogue.  PriocH  hav»! 
been  revised. 

Mi;ssiis.  D.  H.  IIonnei.i.a  ,V  Suv,  I/ru..  ".H  and  Go,  Mortimer 
Stre((t,  Cavendish  Scjuare,  London,  E.G. —  Klectric  l>ell  catalogne, 
containing  M  pages  of  illnstrationH  and  clearly  stated  price-  of  a 
great  variety  of  electric  bell  acceBHories,  belb,  indicaton,  battericH, 
wire.'*,  pushes,  and  so  on. 

Messrs.  Aistin  Walters  .V  Son,  .">7,  Lower  Mosley  Street, 
Manchester. — 22-page  well  illustrated  and  descriptive  price  list 
relating  to  their  stage  arc  lamps,  flame  lamps,  bunch  lights  for 
theatres  and  music  halls,  theatre  dimmers,  theatre  battens,  cinema- 
tograph stand-by  resiHtances,  4cc.  The  firm  have  put  down 
new  machinery  for  the  manufacture  of  electrical  signs,  and  the 
list  shows  some  of  these — interchangeable  letter  signs,  cinema 
signs,  ice. 

Messrs.  Landis  &  Gyr,  Ltd.,  28,  Denman  Street,  London,  S.E.-  - 
16-page  catalogue  containing  illustrated  particulars  with  tabulated 
prices  of  d.c.  ampere-hour  and  watt-hour  meters,  single-phase  and 
polyphase  meters,  a,c.  indicating  wattmeters,  special-tariff  meters, 
change-over  switches,  time  switches,  and  other  manufactures  of 
the  same  class.  Diagrams  of  connections,  also  dimension  sketches, 
are  given. 

Messrs.  Wilson  Hartnell-  i:  Co.,  Ltd.,  Volt  Works,  Leeds. — 
New  eight-page  catalogue,  containing  general  and  technical 
description  of  their  polyphase  induction  motors,  with  tabulated 
prices,  dimensions,  shipping  weights,  ice  ,  for  sizes  from  2  to  100  h.p. 
A  couple  of  pictures  of  the  works  are  included. 

Trade  4nnounceinents. — Mr.  .T.  W.  F.  Warren  haa 

left  the  service  of  the  British  Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufac- 
turing Co.,  Ltd.,  to  take  up  the  management  of  Messrs.  George 
Cradock  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  wire  rope  manufacturers,  Wakefield.  Messrs. 
Cradock  have  had  a  branch  ofl5ce  in  Johannesburg  since  1897,  and 
in  addition  to  selling  their  own  products  have  represented  other 
British  firms.  We  under.stand  that  they  are  now  prepared  to 
further  represent  electrical  firms.  Mr,  Warren  will  sail  for  South 
Africa  about  the  middle  of  February, 

The  Electrical  Engineering  and  Equipment  Co.,  Ltd.,  of 
109/111,  New  Oxford  Street,  London,  W.C,  announce  that  from  1st 
inst.  they  have  taken  over  the  agency  of  the  Vereinigte  Isolatoren- 
werke,  of  Berlin,  covering  the  whole  of  their  manufactures  with 
the  exception  of  traction  material,  viz.,  Ambroin  handles,  shields, 
washers,  bushes,  terminal  blocks,  circuit-breaker  and  controller, 
arcing  shields,  insulated  bolts,  switch  bases,  meter  boards,  kc. 

Owing  to  increased  business,  the  Standard  Electrical  Engin- 
eering Co.  have  acquired  larger  premises.  Their  address  is  now 
39,  Eastcheap,  E.G.    Telephone  :  "  4934  Avenue." 

Messrs.  W.  V.  Waite  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  now  established  them- 
selves at  the  Alpha  Works,  Taffs  Well,  Glam.  They  have  concluded 
an  agreement  with  Messrs.  W.  Partington  i:  Co.,  of  Taffs  Well  (who 
have  for  some  years  carried  on  business  in  electrical  repair  work), 
for  whom  they  will  now  act  as  sole  concessionaires. 

The  "Radium"  Electric  Co.,  of  82,  Hatton  Garden,  London, 
E.G.,  announce  that  in  order  to  avoid  patent  litigation  they  have 
given  up  the  sale  of  their  "Radec  "  squirted  filament  lamp— except 
for  export— and  have  now  been  appointed  special  factors  by  the 
Tungsten  Lamp  Association  for  drawn  -  wire  Osram,  tantalum, 
Mazda,  Wotan,  or  any  other  conference  lamps,  which  they  can  offer 
at  the  full  conference  discounts.  They  will  hold  large  stocks  of  all 
these  makes.     ^ 

Messrs.  Fitters  Patents,  Ltd.,  have  taken  additional  offices 
in  the  City  in  order  to  cope  with  increasing  business.  All  com- 
munications in  future  should  be  addressed  to  20,  Bishopsgate, 
London,  E.G.    Telephone  No.  :  "London  Wall  6779." 

The  Arjiorduct  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Farringdon 
Avenue,  London,  E.G.,  have  acquired  the  sole  licence  for  the 
manufacture  and  sale  of  Mr.  Napier  Prentice's  "Lightning" 
cooking  oven,  which  will  be  on  the  market  some  time  in  February. 

Annaal  Dinner. — The  Annual  Dinner  of  the  drawing 
office  ^tnff  of  Messrs.  Willans  &  Robinson,  Ltd..  was  held  at 
the  Grand  Hotel,  Rugby,  on  Friday,  December  20th.  The  chair 
was  taken  by  the  chief  draughtsman,  Mr.  E.  R.  Briggs,  who  pre- 
sided over  a  large  and  representative  gathering,  including  Mr. 
Peache,  Mr.  Davenport,  Mr.  Bennett,  and  representatives  from  all 
departments.  Telegrams  of  regret  were  received  from  Mr. 
Hemmings,  who  was  away  on  the  company's  business,  and  from 
Mr.  Symonds  (an  old  Willans  man),  of  the  Brush  Co. :  Mr.  Cox  and 
Mr.  Elborne  were  also  unavoidably  absent.  After  the  usual  loyal 
toast,  the  chairman  proposed  the  health  of  "The  Directors,"  and 
expressed  great  satisfaction  in  being  able  to  welcome  two  directors 
this  year  to  their  dinner.  Mr.  Davenport,  in  the  course  of  an 
appreciative  reply  dealing  with  the  company's  work,  bore  special 
testimony  to  the  spirit  of  loyalty  and  honest  work  that  was  so 
prominent  a  feature  in  all  ranks  of  the  company's  staff,  and  ex- 
pressed the  opinion  that  such  an  asset,  coupled  with  the  confidence 
which  customers  were  exhibiting,  were  hopeful  omens  for  the  com 
pany's  future.  Mr.  Peache  also  spoke,  and  said  that  Mr.  Briggs  had 
told  them  that  he  had  made  a  special  journey  to  Rugby  on  purpose 
to  be  present  at  the  dinner,  and  he  cowld  only  say  that  in  finding 
himself  among  them  all  he  felt   fully  rewarded.     His  connection 


66 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.       [Vol.72.    No.  1,833,  January  10, 1913. 


with  the  company  dated  back  many  years,  to  the  days  when  the 
boildin^  of  steam  launches  on  the  Thames  constituted  its  main 
business.  It  was  a  repret  to  him  that  he  saw  to-niprht  so  few  of 
the  old  faces  round  him.  It  rested  with  each  one  to  do  his  level 
best  and  back  up  Mr.  Davenport  in  his  arduous  task,  and  to  see 
that  so  far  as  in  him  lay  the  company  should  win  back  to  its  old 
prosperity.  Mr.  Prosser  proposed  the  health  of  ''  Friends,  Absent 
and  Present."  and  noted  that  the  company  was  losinpr  the  ser- 
vices of  Messrs.  F.  W.  Stokes,  J.  Bums  and  the  Brothers  Pfleiderer. 
He  wished  them  every  success  in  their  new  sphere  of  work.  Mr. 
Wood  responded  to  the  toast.  Mr.  Pbcock  and  Mr.  Wells,  who  re- 
presented the  company  in  Australia  and  Canada,  were  remembered 
by  letters  of  greeting,  which  were  signed  by  everyone  present.  The 
toast  of  '■  The  Ladies "  was  proposed  by  Mr.  Bennett,  and  Mr. 
Nitschke  responded  on  their  behalf.  An  excellent  musical  pro- 
gramme was  arranged  by  the  secretaries,  Mr.  Gardner  and  Mr. 
Seymour. 

Trade     in     1912, — We     have     received    an     advance 

proof  of  the  "Annual  Trade  Review  of  the  Chamher  of  Commercr 
Journal."  It  is  an  interesting  and  valuable  document,  and  in  the 
Section  relating  to  electrical  trade  statistics  the  following  values 
and  weights  are  given  to  show  the  course  of  the  export  and 
import  trade  in  electrical  goods  for  the  1 1  months  ended  November 
30th,  1911  and  1912  :  — 

E.\  PORTS  :  — 

Electrical    goods    and   apparatus        1911. 
(other    than     machinery    and 
telegraph  and  telephone  wire) — 


1912. 


Jiritifl, 
Foreign    ... 
Electrical  machinery- 

liritish    ... 


£2,607,(152 
179,588 


f  20,601  tons 


£1,038,849 
530  tons 


£54,136 


£4,019,758 
205,699 

21,838  tons 
£1,780,832 
5,242  tons 
£63,486 


Foreign    ... 
Imports :— 

Electrical  goods  and  apparatus 
(other  than  machinery  and 
telegraph       and      telephone 

wire) £1,296,848  £1,320,182 

Electrical  machinery 974.627  1,056,181 

„  „  8,673  tons  8,145  tons 

Messrs.  Switchgear  &  Cowans,  Ltd.,  of  Salford,  report  that  their 
works  in  Springfield  Lane  were  fully  occupied  during  1912.  The 
more  interesting  items  constructed  included  e.h.t.  transformers 
ranging  from  40,000  volts  to  60,000  volts  and  from  5  to 
50  KW.  Remote-control  oil  switches  for  very  large  capacities 
operating  chiefly  at  6,600  volts  and  at  12,000  volts  also  deserve 
to  be  mentioned  as  forming  a  feature  of  last  year's  output. 
The  firm's  patterns  of  mining  switchgear  have  been  standai"dised, 
and  a  draw-out  system  has  been  developed.  Star-delta  and  auto- 
matic transformer  starters  have  been  remodelled  and  their  opera- 
tion made  entirely  independent  of  the  attendant,  who  has  merely 
to  switch  on.  A  new  patent  has  been  applied  for,  for  improvements 
in  the  S tatter  patent  time  lag,  and  patterns  have  been  standardised, 
providing  for  independent  adjustment  both  of  the  time  and  the 
current  settings.  Complete  central-station  equipments  of  switch- 
gear  for  several  important  stations  at  home  and  abroad  have  been 
completed  during  the  year,  and  the  contracts  in  hand  include  switch- 
gear  equipments  for  Manchester,  the  London  County  Council,  Hull, 
Kingston-upon-Thames,  Montreal,  Windermere,  Seville  and  other 
places. 

Messrs.  Leopold  Farmer  4:  Sons,  surveyors,  auctioneers  and 
factory  specialists,  London,  report  that  the  sales  and  letting  of 
factory  property,  wharves,  land,  &c.,  in  the  year  under  review, 
show  better  results  than  was  the  case  in  1911,  the  boom  in  trade  in 
the  industrial  world  having  given  a  great  impetus  to  the  development 
of  new  industries,  and  the  consequent  establish n»ient  of  new  works. 
Prices  have  been  maintained,  and  sales  transacted  at  good  times 
prices.  They  would  not,  however,  convey  to  the  reader  that  the 
standard  of  values  has  been  kept  up,  as  hardly  two  factory  pro- 
perties are  alike.  The  tendency  is  for  the  price  to  rise,  consequent 
on  the  improvement  by  development  in  certain  manufacturing 
areas  which  have  special  advantages  in  rail,  waterside  and  other 
facilities,  but  the  migratory  movement  amongst  manufacturers  is 
to  districts  outside  'large  towns  where  the  lowest  possible  cost  of 
manufacture  can  be  obtained.  The  values  of  industrial  properties 
have  not  to  any  great  degree  been  affected  by  the  Budget  Taxation 
of  1909,  but  as  regards  other  securities  in  landed  property,  a 
shrinkage  is  noticeable.  It  is  difficult  to  say  which  branch  of  any 
parti  3ular  manufacture  more  than  any  other  has  progressed  in  the 
year  1912,  as  there  are  many  influences  affecting  industrial 
operations  and  the  development  of  commercial  enterprise. 
Acquiring  of  factories,  kc.  building  of  works  consequent  on  re- 
organisation and  extension  in  many  trades,  are  always  in  progress. 
Owing  to  the  flourishing  state  of  trade,  great  developments  have 
taken  place  in  the  year  under  review,  especially  in  the  following  : — 
Engineering,  milling,  chemical,  spinning,  motor  and  rubber  trades. 
The  effects  of  the  Patents  and  Designs  Act  are  still  well  to  the 
front,  a  sum  amounting  to  about  li  millions  having  been  expended 
in  the  acquiring  of  land,  building  of  factories  and  plant,  and 
machinery  eqnij)ment,  and  the  consequent  employment  of  some 
thousands  of  workpeople.  Foreign  holders  of  English  patents  are 
still  on  the  lookout  for  factory  property  to  comply  with  the  require- 
ments of  the  Act,  and  several  areas  in  and  around  London  and  the 
provinces  have  been  developed  in  consequence  of  the  establishment 
of  important  industries  which  give  employment  to  thousands,  and 
additional  rates  to  local  and  other  attendant  authorities.     The  out- 


look ahead  for  further  deals  in  factory  property  is  good,  as  there  is 
every  likelihood  of  a  continuance  of  prosperous  activity  in  the 
industrial  world. 

A  Scottish  correspondent  writes  :— "Electrical  engineering  firms 
in  the  West  of  Scotland  are  active  and  have  an  excellent  order  book. 
Trade  has  been  goDd  of  late  months,  particularly  with  firms  who 
specialise  in  work  of  a  distinctive  type.  Messrs.  D.  and  .1.  Tullis, 
Ltd.,  Glaj>gow,  have  in  hand  important  contracts  in  connection  with 
the  equipment  of  electrically-driven  steam  laundries  on  board  large 
passenger  ocean  liners.  Another  Glasgow  firm,  Messrs.  Drysdale 
and  Co.,  Ltd.,  do  a  large  trade  in  fitting  up  electrical- driven  pump- 
ing sets  for  power  stations.  They  have  work  in  hand  to  supply 
establishments  at  home  and  abroad,  and  look  forward  to  the 
new  year  with  satisfaction.  In  connection  with  marine  work 
the  introduction  of  electricity  as  applied  to  eteering  gear  is  taking 
a  firm  hold.  Especially  is  the  patent  electric  hydraulic  steering 
getting  into  favour  with  marine  engineers.  A  set  is  at  present 
being  supplied  to  a  British  warship  now  building.  Messrs.  John 
Hastie  &  Co.,  Greenock,  are  doing  a  considerable  amount  of  work 
with  the  "  Hele-Shaw-Martineau ''  electric  hydraulic  steering  gear  : 
and  are  executing  orders  for  motor-driven  ships.  Messrs.  Davis 
and  Primrose,  Leith,  specialise  in  bevelling  machines,  for  which 
they  hold  the  patent.  One  of  their  bsvelling  machines  for  the 
British  Naval  Dockyards  is  for  dealing  with  angle  and  other  sec- 
tions up  to  14  in.  broad  and  IJ  in.  thick.  This  machine  weighs 
more  than  20  tons,  and  is  driven  by  two  electric  motors.  Another 
machine  is  on  its  way  to  Japan  :  and  machines  have  been  supplied 
to  Portuguese,  French,  Russian  and  Norwegian  shipyards.  Messrs. 
Mavor  k  Coulson,  Glasgow,  are  busily  engaged  upon  electrical 
mining  apparatus.  At  present  an  extension  of  workshop  accom- 
modation is  in  hand.  Messrs.  Osborne  A;  Hunter,  of  Glasgow,  are 
equipping  a  factory  with  a  100- h. p.  Diesel  oil  engine  to  drive 
the  electric  generating  plant.  Messrs.  Anderson  ..t  Munro,  Ltd., 
Glasgow,  have  a  considerable  amount  of  work  on  the  domestic 
side  of  electric  power.  The  Electric  Control,  Ltd.,  have  shipped 
abroad  a  large  number  of  automatic  lift  controllers  of  all  types. 
The  automatic  control  gear,  with  special  speed-regulating  and 
unloading  devices,  is  being  supplied  to  the  Admiralty  and 
to  shipbuilding  firms  for  the  economical  control  of  com- 
pressed air  plants.  Messrs.  Frederick  Braby  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
Glasgow,  have  had  their  electric-welding  department  working  at 
the  highest  pressure.  They  turn  out  large  quantities  of  large 
steel-riveted  and  welded  cylinders,  cisterns  and  tanks  for  oil,  petrol, 
and  other  purposes.  Sir  William  Arrol  A;  Co.,  Glasgow,  have  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  work  in  hand  at  their  crane  works,  Parkhead. 
Messrs.  Brown  Brothers  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Edinburgh,  have  an  extensive 
order  department  for  their  steering  gears,  particular  attention  being 
given  to  the  electro-hydraulic  type.  In  the  textile  engineering 
trade  electricity  is  being  introduced  in  various  ways  in  connection 
with  improvements  in  detail  of  spinning  and  weaving  machinery. 
One  of  the  most  recent  is  the  electric  rove-stop  motion  for  the 
spinning  frame.  Demonstrations  in  Dundee  have  been  very 
satisfactory,  and  the  apparatus  is  now  seen  in  several  of  the 
Dundee  mUls.' 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Accrington. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Electricity  Committee 
it  was  reported  that  the  L.G.B.  had  sanctioned  the  borrowing  of 
£300,  repayable  within  30  years,  for  the  erection  of  the  Clayton-le- 
Moors  electrical  sub- station. 

The  question  of  adopting  an  improved  system  of  lighting  in  the 
Accrington  Market  is  to  be  gone  into  by  the  Town  Hall  and  Market 
Sub-Committee  in  consultation  with  the  electrical  engineer. 

The  B.  of  T.  has  consented  to  the  scheme  of  overhead  street 
lighting  and  wiring,  subject  to  the  work  being  in  accordance  with 
regulations,  the  Board  reserA'ing  the  right  to  review  at  the  end  of 
five  years.  The  electrical  engineer  reports  that  the  gas-making 
plant  is  almost  complete.  Last  week  the  plant  was  run  10  hours 
daily  under  full-load  conditions  with  not  one  involuntary  stop,  and 
all  indications  point  to  a  successful  issue  of  the  installation. 

Batley. — Very  active  opposition  is  being  displayed  against 
the  proposals  of  the  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  to  expend 
£16,000  in  extensions  to  the  electricity  works,  and  the  con- 
troversy is  arousing  considerable  interest  in  the  heavy  woollen 
district.  Aid.  Blackburn,  one  of  the  opponents,  maintains  that  the 
advocates  of  extension,  upon  their  own  estimates,  if  they  spend 
£16,000  on  new  steam  generating  plant  cannot  hope  to  reduce 
their  bare  generating  costs  to  less  than  058.3d.  per  unit,  exclusive 
of  management,  distribution,  interest,  depreciation  and  sinking  fund 
charges. 

Bath. — A  L.G.B.  inquiry  has  been  held  into  an  applica- 
tion by  the  Corporation  to  borrow  £8.000— £3,000  for  extension 
to  Weston  (being  part  of  the  added  area  under  the  boundaries 
extension  scheme)  and  £5,000  for  prospective  expenditure  in  the 
next  three  years— in  respect  of  the  city's  electrical  undertaking. 
The  application  was  stoutly  opposed  by  the  Bath  Gas  Light  and 
Coke  Co.  The  town  clerk,  replying  to  the  criticisms  of  counsel, 
pointed  out  various  directions  in  which  the  undertaking  was 
hampered,  and  he  trusted  the  Inspector  would  report  to  the  L.G.B. 


VoI.7-2.    No.  l,83:t,  January  10,  lOlu.]      THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


67 


that  the  undertaking  wiih  HtitTorin);  from  certuiii  miriouH  dJHud- 
vantn(f<"'.  that  they  wore  entitled  to  Hjniiiolhy,  that  they  had 
HtruifK'rd  for  a  lonif  period  ai;aintit  udvcrno  circurnHtnnceH,  and 
when  Hubutantiul  loana  matured  they  hoped  to  bo  able  to  put  into 
the  pocket.H  of  the  ratepayers  fcomo  dividend. 

The  EL.  Committee  has  decided  to  recommend  (he  Council  to 
accept  from  the  DicHel  Engine  Co.,  Ltd.,  the  cnf;ino  wupplicd,  bb 
one  of  IHd  kw.  (inbtcad  of  4.'")0  k\v.  as  oritrinally  contemplated), 
at  the  cost  of  £4,210,  instead  of  the  original  price  of  £n,l.'il, 
the  coinpaiiy  also  pnyiii(j  the  Corporation  the  sum  of  £l,7:iO 
OH  compensation  for  the  delay  which  has  taken  place,  and  for  Uie 
loss  of  economics  resiiltinK  from  the  reduction  of  capacity.  The 
Council  is  also  recommended  to  apply  to  the  L.G.B.  for  the  neces- 
sary modification  of  consent  to  borrow,  which  has  been  issued  for 
the  sum  of  £7,500  and  will  be  now  required  only  for  the  turn 
of  £6,289,  coverinif  cost  of  engine,  auxiliaries,  foundations  and 
fixing. 

Belfast. — All  iiifiueiitial  deputation  representing  large 
ratepayers  attended  before  the  T.C.  last  week  in  connection  with 
the  proposed  extension  of  the  Corporation's  peneratirfr  plant.  A 
memorial  was  presented  asking  that  the  matter  should  be  delayed, 
partly  Ijecaupe  the  present  time  was  unfavourable  fcr  borrowirg 
larffe  fcums  of  money,  and  partly  because  the  rapid  development  of 
the  Diesel  engine  might,  in  a  year  or  two,  enable  the  Corporation 
to  effect  substantial  savings  if  it  were  adopted.  It  was  pointed  out 
that  Messrs.  Ilarland  &  Wolff  were  taking  a  great  interest  in  the 
Diesel  engine,  and  that  their  view  of  its  future  could  not  be 
ignored.  The  chairman  promised  to  give  the  matter  full  con- 
sideration. 

Bridling^ton. — The  Overseers  lia\e  decided  to  ask  the 
B.  of  G.  to  call  in  the  services  of  an  expert  to  reassess  the 
undertakings  of  the  Bridlington  T.C,  including  the  electricity 
works. 

Continental  Notes. — Germany. — The  Newmarl^'  Elec- 
trical Union  (Elektricitats-Verband  Neumark)  will  have,  on  the  1st 
of  the  current  year,  no  fewer  than  02  localities  connected  to  its 
high-pressure  distribution  system  in  the.  province  of  Brandenburg. 
—ELeMio.  Zeitxchrift. 

A  union  of  municipal  electricity  undertakings  in  Saxony  has 
lately  been  formed  in  Dresden.  Among  its  objects  are  (1)  the 
maintenance  of  municipal  ownership  ;  (2)  to  endeavour  to  prevent 
monopolies  being  secured  by  private  capital  ;  and  (3)  the  establish- 
ment of  a  joint  purchasing  office. 

Norway.—  The  municipal  authorities  of  Christiania  have  decided 
to  develop  the  water  power  of  the  Hallfred-SoUberg  Fall.=,  situated 
some  40  km.  from  that  city.  Their  capacity  is  equal  to  27,000  h.p. 
The  installation  costs,  including  that  of  the  long-distance  mains,  are 
estimated  at  1 1 ,000,000  marks.  In  connection  with  this  departure  the 
T.C.  intends  to  disburse  a  sum  of  1,750,000  marks  in  the  extension 
of  the  equipment  of  the  municipal  power  station,  including  the 
acquisition  of  two  three-phase  turbo-generators  of  5,000  and 
6,000  KW.  each. 

Belgium. — Two  new  engines  and  dynamos,  each  of  2,000-KW. 
capacity,  have  recently  been  added  to  the  central  station  of  the 
Societe  d'Electricite  du  Brabant,  at  Oisquereq.  The  company  has 
now  secured  the  concession  for  the  supply  of  current  to  15  small 
towns  and  villages  in  the  district,  its  power  station  having  a 
capacity  of  6,000  KW. 

Conway. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Lighting  Committee  the 
question  of  electric  lighting  came  up  for  consideration,  and  it  was 
decided,  before  adopting  any  particular  scheme,  to  in-spect  the 
electrical  plant  at  the  Oakwood  Park  Hotel. 

Cromer. — At  a  ratepayers'  meeting  on  Friday,  convened 
by  opponents  of  the  proposed  transfer  of  the  electric  light  under- 
taking by  the  U.D.C.,  there  was  a  majority  of  53  against  the  pro- 
posal. The  votes  registered  numbered  133,  three  of  which  were 
invalid. 

Cucktield  (Sussex). — Subject  to  certain  stipulations,  the 
U.D.C.  has  decided  to  give  its  consent  to  the  prov.  order  for  electric 
supply  being  applied  for  by  the  Mid-Sussex  Electric  Light  Co. 

Dart  ford. — A  supply  is  to  be  given  Messrs.  Vickers, 
Ltd.,  at  their  works  at  Crayford,  over  the  light  railway  cables,  at 
a  charge  of  Id.  per  unit  for  a  guaranteed  consumption  of  100,000 
units  per  annum. 

Dewsbury. — The  Corporation  has  come  to  an  arrange- 
ment with  the  Yorkshire  Electric  Power  Co.  under  which  the  latter 
agrees  to  give  the  supply  of  electricity  for  lighting  purposes  in 
Thornhill  through  the  Corporation. 

Eccles. — The  L.G.B.  has  sanctioned  the  borrowing  of 
£  870  for  the  purposes  of  the  electricity  undertaking. 

The  Electricity  Supply  and  Public  Lighting  Committee  has 
decided  to  ask  the  Member  for  the  Division  to  support  the  SheflBeld 
Members  of  Parliament  in  the  endeavour  to  re-instate  in  the  House 
of  Commons,  Clause  83  of  the  Sheffield  Corporation  Bill,  1912, 
dealing  with  electrical  fittings. 

Hebburn     and    Felling.— The    Northern     Counties' 

Electricity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  is  seeking  powers  to  purchase  the 
electrical  undertakings  of  the  Hebburn  and  Felling  U.D.Cs.,  which 
it  is  at  present  working  under  agreements. 

Kettlewell  (Vorks.).— The  formation  of  a  private 
company,  composed  of  villagers  and  including  the  iocal  postmaster 
and  schoolmaster,  at  Kettlewell,  a  village  high  up  in  the  Yorkshire 
Craven   hills,   adds  one  more  to  the  growing  list  of  small  places 


which,  for  their  li({htinK  facilities,  are  jumplni;  ntraiifht  from  the 
UKO  of  tho  primitive  oil  to  electricity.  Amonget  thene  pla<x-ti  the 
Craven  district  already  contributoH  Ingleton,  Grnitninirton,  Clapham 
and  IIorton-in-UibblcHdule.  In  tho  cone  of  Kettlewell  acapi'al  of 
£62.''>  has  been  gathered  by  the  company.  Ah  Ih  iihuul  in  «uch 
places  the  village  ntream  iw  to  U-  barnesHed  ait  the  mearut  of  Kcne* 
rating  current. 

london.  —  Wooi.wicif.  —  The     Electricity     Committee 

reports  having  considered  the  desirability  of  arranging  reciprocal 
supplies  with  adjoining  electricity  Hui)ply  undertakers,  in  order  that 
applicants  in  outlying  districts  of  the  l>orongh  ami  alHo  in  adjoining 
areas  may  be  supplied  at  a  minimum  of  cost  to  the  undertakers 
concerned  in  the  laying  of  feeders,  Ac.  To  carry  out  thin  pr'oposal, 
it  has  been  decided  to  make  apidication  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  it« 
permission  to  give  and  take  a  bulk  supply  from  tho  Went  Kent 
Electric  Co.,  and  for  a  give-and-take  supply  from  the  Hoath 
Metropolitan  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.  £  19,000  is  to  be  borrowed 
on  account  of  carrying  out  extensions  at  the  Globe  Lane  works. 

Xorth^icL.— The  U.D.C.  has  consented  to  the  applica- 
tion to  the  B.  of  T  ,  by  the  Weaverham  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  for 
a  prov.  order  for  electric  supply  withinjthe  Council's  area. 

Nottingham. — Some  time  ago  we  referred  to  the  pro- 
posal by  a  member  of  the  Corporation,  that  expert  advice  should  be 
obtained  as  to  the  hydro-electric  possibilities  of  the  Trent  near  the 
city.  In  the  result,  Mr.  E.  W.  Monkhouse  has  now  reported  on  the 
proposal,  showing  that  to  equip  plants  at  Bceston  and  Colwick 
weirs  would  cost  £52,869  ;  that  these  plant?,  working  at  61  per 
cent,  load  factor,  should  yield  a  profit  of  over  £12,000,  but  if  work- 
ing at  22  per  cent,  load  factor  a  loss  of  £191 — while  a  modem 
steam  station  at  the  same  capital  cost  and  22  per  cent,  load  factor 
would  yield  a  profit  of  about  £9,000  per  annum. 

Taking  into  account  the  uncertainty  of  the  hydraulic  (M^nditiona 
and  other  circumstances,  Mr.  Monkhouee  considers  that  the  Cor- 
poration would  be  well  advised  to  give  up  the  idea  of  utilising  the 
Trent  and  to  utilise  modern  steam  plant. 

In  view  of  the  extraordinary  ideas  as  to  water  power  which  pre- 
vail, it  is  interesting  to  note  that  Mr.  Monkhouse  finds  that 
160  B.H.P.  can  be  obtained  from  the  Trent  at  Beeston  and  180  b.h.p. 
at  Colwick,  at  low  water  ;  the  power  increases  to  a  certain  point 
with  higher  water  and  then  decreases  to  nothing  as  the  weirs  are 
"drowned." 

Mova  Scotia. — According  to  the  Financier,  steps  are 
being  taken  to  develop  the  local  River  Mersey,  from  which  it  is 
estimated  that  about  30,000  HP.  can  be  obtained.  Four  power 
plants  already  exist  in  the  lower  reaches,  and  it  is  now  proposed  to 
raise  the  level  of  First  Lake  some  20  ft.  and  build  three  other  dams 
at  intervals,  with  a  view  to  making  further  use  of  the  water 
power. 

Oldliam. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  had  under 
consideration  a  report  by  Mr.  Newington,  the  engineer,  embodying 
proposals  for  an  extension  of  the  plant  which  has  become  necessary 
owing  to  the  exceptional  increase  this  year  in  the  maximum 
demand  for  lighting  and  power  purposes,  and  to  an  application 
having  been  received  from  two  mills  for  a  supply  of  energy  for 
power  purposes,  requiring  in  all  about  800  or  900  h.p.,  or,  say, 
650  KW.  The  engineer  recommends  the  immediate  installation  of 
one  turbo-alternator  of  1,500  kw.,  and  two  motor  alternators  of 
500  KW.  each,  together  with  the  necessary  condensing  plant,  switch- 
boards, foundations,  ic,  and  one  additional  motor- driven  pump  for 
raising  the  water  to  the  cooling  towers,  at  a  cost  estimated  in 
round  figures  at  £13,000.  The  Committee  decided  to  recortmend 
that  application  be  made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow 
£30,000,  which  is  made  up  as  follows  ; — Additional  plant  at  the 
station,  £13,000;  mains,  £9,500;  transformers  and  switchgear, 
£1,200  ;  future  mains,  £5,000  ;  future  transformers,  £1,300. 

Reigate. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  extend  the  lighting 
mains  to  the  Reigate  Lodge  estate,  which  is  being  developed,  on 
condition  that  current  is  used  for  all  the  public  lighting  there. 

St.  Helens.— The  Electricity  Committee  of  the  T.C. 
has  decided  to  supply  current  for  heating  purposes  at  Id.  per  unit. 

South  Africa. — Two  more  sets  of  turbines  and  generators, 
each  of  10,000  kw.  capacity,  have  just  been  completed  by  the 
A.E.G.,  of  Berlin,  at  the  Vereeniging  station  of  the  Victoria  Falls 
and  Transvaal  Power  Co.  ;  two  additional  12,C00  KW.  sets  are 
nearly  ready,  and  when  completed  the  capacity  of  this  station  alone 
will  be  about  70,000  h.p.  The  total  generating  capacity  of  all  the 
stations  erected  and  equipped  by  the  A.E.G.  for  the  Victoria  Falls 
and  Transvaal  Power  Co.  will  then  be  no  less  than  230,000  h.p. 

South  ifrica. — The  Durban  Corporation  is  proposing  to 
spend  £176,000  on  electrical  construction  and  plant  during  the 
year.  Electric  lighting  schemes  are  being  promoted  in  Ladybrand, 
Somerset  West,  and  Umtali  (Rhodesia),  and  an  extension  of  the 
town  supply  to  adjoining  areas  at  Pretoria.— .St>w/A  African  Erport 
Gazette. 

Tilbury. — The  L'^.D.C.  has  now  given  its  consent  to  the 
application  of  the  County  of  London  Electric  Supply  Co  .  Ltd..  for 
a  prov.  order  for  electric  supply. 

Tyldcsley. — The  Power  Co.,  which  holds  the  rights  of 
supply  of  electricity  in  the  township,  has  made  arrangements  with 
the  Tramways  Co.  to  give  it  a  supply  of  current  in  bulk,  and  a  plot 
of  land  in  Castle  Street  has  been  taken  for  the  erection  of  a  trans- 
former station. 


68 


THE     ELECTEICAL     REVIEW.       [Vol.  72.    No.  1,833,  January  10,  1913. 


Turton  (near  Bolton). — The  U.D.C.  has  agreed  to  the 

Lancashire  Electric  Power  Co.  laying   a  trunk  main   cable  from 
Horrobin  Mill  to  Belmont  Bleachworks. 

Wahelield. — A  ("ommittee  of  the  West  Kiding  CO.  has 
accepted  the  ofler  of  the  Wakefield  Corporation  to  supply  electricity 
for  the  County  Offices  und  adjacent  offices,  at  the  current  rate  for 
the  time  beinp,  provided  the  rate  does  not  exceed  4d.  per  unit,  and 
subject  to  a  discount  of  1 1  per  cent.  Consideration  had  been  given 
to  a  scheme  for  the  C.C.  to  generate  the  electricity  needed. 

York, — A  recent  debate  iu  the  York  City  Council  on 
the  ■  proposed  purchase  of  the  Gas  Co.'s  undertaking-  is  of  more 
than  usual  interest,  as  the  leading  advocates  of  this  purchase  are 
the  chairman,  vice-chairman  and  other  members  of  the  Electricity 
Committee.  We  cannot  pretend  to  understand  the  reason  for  their 
attitude,  as  the  electricity  supply  department  will  be  the  loser  by 
the  stifling  of  competition  which  naturally  follows  when  both 
electric  and  gas  supplies  are  controlled  by  the  Corporation.  More- 
over, there  is  every  indication  that  the  price  of  electricity  can  and 
will  be  greatly  reduced  in  the  near  future,  and  that  the  prospects 
of  competing  gas  undertakings  will  be  correspondingly  affected — 
thip  being  already  apparent  in  some  localities. 

The  manager  having  reported  that  he  can  undertake  the 
electrification  of  the  proposed  tramways  extension  at  a  savini; 
of  £353  on  the  lowest  tender  received,  the  Committee  has  decided 
to  recommend  the  Corjxjration  that  the  work  be  carried  out  by  its 
own  staff. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Ar)ji:entina. — The  Jiuenos  Ayres  correspondent  of  the 
Daily  Telegraph  writes  as  follows  :— "There  is  a  startling  sequel  to 
the  recent  decision  iu  the  injunction  proceedings  of  the  Anglo- 
Argentine  Tramways  Co.  r.  the  IMetropolitan  Railway,  which  were 
decided  in  favour  of  the  plaintiffs,  on  grounds  that  permission 
was  never  given  to  the  defendants  to  make  tunnels,  and  that  the 
municipality  so  certified.  The  Metropolitan  Railway  now  produces 
a  certificate  of  Intendente  Guiraldez,  showing  a  decree  of  Inten- 
dente  BuUrich  in  1 901  authorising  the  tunnelling  :  and  also  corres- 
pondence with  the  Director  of  Public  Works  referring  to  the 
opening  of  shafts.  Evidently  a  serious  mistake  has  been  made, 
and  the  vexed  question  as  to  who  owns  the  real  right  to  construct 
underground  lines  is  still  undecided." 

Australia. — According  to  the  Finamier,  the  New  Soutli 
Wales  Minister  for  Works  announces  that  steps  will  be  immediately 
taken  to  put  into  operation  a  portion  of  the  scheme  drafted  by  Mr. 
Hay,  for  dealing  with  Sydney's  traffic.  It  is  proposed  to  carry  out 
the  first  section  of  the  city  underground  railway,  at  a  cost  of 
between  £250,000  and  £300,000.  In  view  of  the  completeness  of 
Mr.  Hay's  report  upon  Sydney's  traffic  problem,  the  Minister  con- 
siders a  reference  to  the  Works  Committee  unnecessary,  and  pro- 
poses to  introduce  a  short  enabling  Bill  in  Parliament  in  lieu 
thereof,  which  will  effect  a  considerable  saving  of  time  and  money. 

Bristol. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  C.C.  the  question 
was  debated  as  to  the  desirability  of  tramway  purchase  by  the 
municipality.  A'fter  some  discussion,  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  deal  specially  with  the  matter,  and  to  report  as  to  the  desirability 
or  otherwise  of  exercising  the  option  vested  in  the  Corporation  of 
purchasing  the  tramway  undertaking  within  the  city. 

Barton-upon-Irwell.— The  Board  of  (iuardians  has 
decided  to  approve  the  recommendation  of  the  Assessment  Com- 
mittee to  appear  as  respondents  in  the  appeal  of  the  Salford  Cor- 
I'oration  Tramways  Committee  against  the  present  valuation  and 
assessment  of  the  tramways  in  the  Eccles  and  Swiuton  areas.  Mr. 
Everett  (chairman  of  the  Assessment  Committee)  said  there  had 
been  several  objections  by  Salford  during  the  past  two  or  three  years 
as  to  the  amount  of  the  tramways  assessment,  and  last  year  a 
temporary  arrangement  was  arrived  at  involving  considerable  loss 
to  the  rates.  There  had  been  conferences  with  the  Salford  Tram- 
ways Committee,  and  the  town  clerk  had  formulated  a  new  scheme 
that  all  tramways  ought  to  be  valued  for  assessment  on  the 
parochial  system,  /.'•.,  a  method  whereby  inspectors  take  a  special 
census  of  the  tickets  issued  to  and  from  the  localities  concerned, 
and  then  it  is  decided  what  proportionate  value  of  such  tickets  is 
due  to  Swinton  and  Eccles.  This  had  been  done  on  a  given  day  by 
the  tramways  authority,  and  on  the  basis  of  that  result  they  were 
appealing  against  the  assessment.  Barton  I'nion  covers  an  area 
through  which  three  tramway  authorities  have  running  powers, 
and  the  point  at  issue  is  a  very  important  one  for  both  rating 
authorities  and  tramway  committees, 

Clayton-le-Moors. — There  has  been  a  good  deal  of  talk 
in  the  (,'layton-le-Moors  district  of  Lancashire  about  a  scheme  for 
the  construction  of  a  light  railway  connecting  Clayton  with  the 
Lancashire  and  Yorkshire  Co.'s  main  line  between  Accrington  and 
Huncoat,  but  the  railway  company  (who  agreed,  after  the  scheme 
had  been  set  on  foot  locally,  to  take  the  project  over  and  secure  the 
necessary  Parliamentary  powers)  have  now  intimated  that  owing 
to  "financial  and  other  considerations  '  there  ia  no  immediate 
prospect  of  the  construction  of  the  line. 

Cuba. — La  Sociedad  Tranvias  de  Matanza  has  secured  a 
concession  for  the  construction  and  working  of  an  electric  tramway 
—on  the  overhead  trolley  system— in  the  town  of  Matanza. 


Continental   Xotes. — rRAXCE. — A   new   company  has 

lately  been  formed  at  Bayonne,  with  a  capital  of  £40,000,  and  the 
title  La  Compagnie  dc9  Tramways  Eleotriques  de  la  Ville  de 
Bayonne. 

Italy. — La  Societn  Tranviaria  Elettrica  Littoranea  Viareggio- 
Versilia  has  entered  into  an  arrangement  with  the  municipal 
authorities  of  Carrara  for  the  construction  and  working  of  an 
electric  tramway  to  connect  the  town  of  Carrara  with  the  sea- 
coast.  A  scheme  for  the  construction  of  an  electric  tramway 
between  Viareggio  and  Carrara  is  also  at  present  under  con- 
sideration. 

The  proposed  conversion  to  electric  traction  of  the  railway 
between  Napoli  Pozznoli  and  Torre  Gaveto,  with  the  doubling  of 
the  track  between  Terme  and  Fuorigrotta,  has  received  Government 
sanction. —  Giomale  del  Luiori  Pithhlici. 

Switzerland. — A  company  has  lately  been  formed  in  Andermatt 
with  a  capital  of  £48,000,  and  the  title  Die  Schollenenbahn 
Gesellschaft,  to  construct  and  work  an  electric  railway  between 
Schollenen  and  Goschenen. 

The  Bemer  Alpen  Railway  authorities,  who  are  electrifying  their 
Lotschberg  section,  are  reported  to  have  placed  orders  with  the 
Oerlikon  Co.  and  with  Messrs.  Brown,  Boveri  i:  Co.,  of  Baden,  for 
the  electrical  equipment  for  12  2,')00-n.i'.  electric  locomotives. 

HuNUARY. — Plans  have  been  completed  for  the  construction  of 
an  electric  railway  between  Czinkota  and  Ratosliget  for  the  Buda- 
pest Local  Railway  Co.  The  work  is  expected  to  be  commenced  in 
the  spring. 

Rx"ssiA. — According  to  the  local  Press,  the  Commission  for  New 
Railways  has  approved  the  project  for  an  electric  railway  from 
Riga  to  Riga  Strand,  subject,  however,  to  the  assent  of  the  Riga 
Municipality  being  obtained.  This  condition  was  inserted  because 
a  section  of  the  proposed  line  would  run  through  the  suburbs  of 
the  town. — Hoard  of  Trade  Journal. 

(tEbjiany'. — An  electrically-operated  ventilating  installation  is 
being  carried  out  at  the  Kaiser  Wilhelm  railway  tunnel  near  Treves. 
A  shaft  is  being  sunk  from  the  mountain  top  to  the  centre  of  the 
tunnel,  which  is  described  as  being  the  longest  in  Germany.  The 
plant,  which  will  be  of  several  hundred  horse-power,  will  be  located 
on  the  mountain,  and  will  draw  the  foul  air  from  the  tunnel  up 
the  shaft.  The  necessary  electrical  energy  for  the  plant  is  to  be 
supplied  from  the  Treves  Municipal  electric  lighting  station. 

Eccles. — A  deputation  has  been  appointed  to  meet  the 
Salford  Tramway  Committee  with  a  view  to  discussion  of  the 
terms  of  future  supply  to  avoid,  if  possible,  the  costs  of  an 
arbitration. 

Halifax. — The  Corporation  Parliamentary  Bill,  which 
has  been  issued  in  printed  form  to  the  members  of  the  Council, 
includes  application  for  borrowing  powers  for  tramways,  amount- 
ing to  £147,738,  for  electrical  equipment  and  other  works  in 
connection  with  the  said  tramways,  £25,000  ;  and  rolling  stock, 
£22,200.  The  most  important  clause  in  the  Bill  provides  that 
notwithstanding  anything  to  the  contrary  in  Sec.  43  of  the  Tram- 
ways Act,  1S70,  a  local  authority  shall  not  purchase  the  tramways 
in  its  district  before  the  expiration  of  31  years  from  the  passing  of 
this  Act.  The  tramways  embodied  in  the  Act  are  to  be  completed 
within  five  years,  and  the  Corporation's  powers  shall  then  lapse. 
In  the  case  of  Brighouse,  it  is  agreed  between  the  Halifax  and 
Brighouse  Corporations,  that  the  extension  to  Rastrick  shall  be 
carried  out  within  18  months.  Agreements  are  set  out  in  the 
schedules  of  the  Bill  with  Brighouse,  Soyland,  Stsinland,  Greet- 
land,  the  Halifax  Rural  District  Council,  Shelf,  Sowerby  Bridge, 
and  Hipperholme,  but  not  with  Hebden  Bridge  or  EUand. 

Lanes,   and  Yorks.    Electrical   Lines, — The  newly- 

electrified  (m.t.,  d.c)  line  between  Hury  and  Ilolcombe  Brook  is 
expected  to  be  completed  in  the  course  of  the  next  month. 

Liverpool. — Another  remarkable  increase  is  shown  in 
the  (."orporation  tramway  receipts  for  1912.  The  full  returns  are 
not  yet  published,  but  from  January  1st  to  December  28th  the 
receipts  amounted  to  £62.j,l('i:i,  an  increase  over  1911  (which  was  a 
record)  of  £2(5,977.  The  passengers  carried  numbered  133,228,89S, 
as  against  128,206,6()9,  an  increase  of  5,022,229.  The  mileage  in 
1912  was  12,496,300,  being  an  increase  of  141,968  miles  as  compared 
with  1911. 

London. — With  a  view  to  facilitating  the  loading  and 
unloading  of  the  trains  during  rush  hours,  the  Piccadilly  Tube 
authorities  have  been  experimenting  with  systems  of  centre  door- 
ways on  the  coaches,  and  have  apparently  satisfied  themselves  as 
to  the  merits  of  a  type  of  double  swing  door,  with  electrical 
indicating  lamps,  to  show  when  shut  or  open,  on  the  ctonductors' 
and  drivers'  platforms.  If  the  arrangement  is  adopted  it  is 
assumed  that  the  other  Tube  lines  will  take  it  up. 

Manchester. — The  question  of  the  provision  of  light 
glass  shelters  over  the  pathways  at  the  principal  car-stopping 
places  in  the  city  is  to  be  brought  before  the  City  Council,  with  a 
view  to  securing  the  consideration  of  the  Tramways  Committee. 

Xclson. — At  the  T.C.  on  January  2n(l  the  chairman  of 
the  Tramways  Committee  said  that  he  and  the  tramways  manager 
discussed  recently  the  question  of  providing  a  double  track  between 
the  centre  and  Hildrop  Road.  A  lot  of  time  was  lost  through  cars 
having  to  wait  on  the  loop,  and  people  could  walk  the  length  in  the 
time. 

Rotlierbaui, — The  Parliamentary  Committee  reports 
having  bad  under  consideration  the  proposal  of  the  Mexboro' and 
Swictcn  Tramways  Co.,  to  apply  for  powers  to  run  trolley  vehicles 
in  ctit&in  (Mstricts  adjoining  the  town.     The  Committee  has  decided 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8:i:i,janitakv  1..,  i9i;t.]    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


6!> 


to  ubtaiu  from  tho  company  (vn  undortakini;  that  if,  in  the  event  of 
the  Corporation  not  oppodinjf  its  application  to  run  trolley  vehioluH 
to  OoniMbursrh,  it  will  ntfreo,  if  tho  Corporation  applicti  for  powera 
to  run  trolley  vohicloH  to  tho  name  place,  not  to  oppoiie  the  proponal 
of  the  Corporation. 

Sheffield.— TIio  .loinb  Sub-Coimnittec  of  representatives 
of  the  TraniwayH  anil  Kleotrio  Liirht  Committees  has  IpKUcd  its  report 
aa  to  whether,  in  connection  with  providing'  an  additional  nupply 
of  enertry  for  the  tramways,  the  two  Hcparate  pencratinif  stations 
at  Kelham  Island  and  Neepsend  should  continue  to  be  extended  on 
different  systemH,  entirely  isolated,  so  that  the  tramways  could  not 
obtain  any  asMiBtunco  from  tho  larjre  Neepsend  station,  or  matters 
should  be  so  nrrannred  that  these  two  large  supply  stations  would 
both  be  available  for  supply inpr  "-nerpy  to  the  tramways.  After 
EToinp  into  the  matter  fully,  the  Sul)-Committee  recommends  ;— (1) 
That  it  is  not  iidvisable  to  continue  to  divelop  tho  Kelham  Island 
power  station  as  a  separate  and  isolated  unit,  but  that  it  is  advis- 
able to  take  steps  at  once  to  connect  the  two  stations  and  install 
convertinpr  plant  at  Kelham  Island  ;  and  that  a  supply  of  energy 
bo  taken  as  and  when  thought  necessary  and  advisable  by  the 
tramways  department  from  the  Neepsend  station,  by  which  means 
both  stations  will  in  future  be  available  for  the  supply  of  energy  to 
the  tramways  ;  (2)  that  two  I.TjOO-kw.  converter  sets  be  put  down 
at  Kelham  Island  as  early  as  possible  to  deal  with  the  power  supply 
from  the  Neepsend  station  ;  (S)  that  the  prices  and  conditions  which 
the  electric  supi)ly  department  offer  for  this  purpose  be  adopted. 
[The  charge  is  based  on  £4  per  Kw.  per  annum  plus  ■2.5d.  per  unit 
supplied,  and  ranges  from  "(Jirid.,  30  per  cent.  i,.i'.,  to  "MWA.  100 
per  cent.  L.i'.]  (1)  That  tenders  be  obtained  for  the  necessary 
plant,  &c.,  for  the  carrying  out  of  the  arrangements.  In  arriving  at 
its  decision  the  Sub-Committee  states  that  whilst  the  supply  from 
Kelham  station  has  been  regularly  maintained  at  a  low  working 
cost,  the  tramways  had  developed  on  larger  lines  than  was  originally 
expected  when  the  Kelham  site  was  decided  upon  and  plant  first 
in.stalled  there.  The  position  of  the  Kelham  station  is  such  that 
there  must  always  be  a  considerable  handicap  attached  to  the  work- 
ing of  the  station.  The  Neepsend  site  and  station  has  been 
developed  on  larger  lines  as  a  result  of  more  modern  experience 
gained  during  recent  years,  and  can  now  supply  and  provide  in  the 
future  the  additional  power  required  for  the  tramways. 

It  has  been  decided  by  the  Tramways  Committee,  by  reso- 
lution, to  recommend  the  grant  of  £2,000  from  the  special 
purposes  fund  of  the  tramways,  towards  the  cost  of  the  exten- 
sion buildings  in  connection  with  the  Applied  Science  Depart- 
ment of  the  Sheffield  University.  The  decision  to  make  the  grant 
is  the  outcome  of  a  letter  from  Sir  Joseph  Jonas  to  Sir  Wiu.  Clegg, 
in  which  Sir  Joseph  stated  that  the  efforts  to  obtain  from  the 
Treasury  a  special  grant  had  been  unsuccessful,  and  it  was  there- 
fore necessary  to  raise  what  was  required  from  other  sources.  The 
total  sum  required  is  £12,000,  and  this  amount  Sir  Joseph  has 
set  out  to  obtain. 

Siani. — It  is  reported  that  Tja  Compagnie  ]\Iutuelle  de 
Tramways,  of  Brussels,  is  negotiating  the  formation  of  a  large  new 
company  to  undertake  the  establishment  of  an  electricity  station 
in  Bangkok  for  the  supply  of  current  for  lighting  and  power 
purposes,  and  for  tramway  operation  in  the  Siamese  capital. 

Sonth  Africa. — According  to  the  i>oi//h  African  Ki:/joi/ 
Gazette,  the  Durban  Corporation  has  decided  to  spend  £1.50,000  on 
tramway  extensions  ;  the  extension  of  the  Pretoria  municipal  area 
will  involve  further  tramway  construction ;  the  Krugersdorp 
Council,  although  considering  the  preliminary  use  of  petrol-electric 
buses,  has  earmarked  £45,000  for  a  future  tramway  scheme. 

r.S.A. — Accordiug  to  the  Financial  Xo/rs,  the  beginning 
of  the  electrification  of  the  trans-Continental  railways  is  marked 
by  the  grant  to  the  Great  Falls  (Montana)  Power  Co.  of  permission 
to  transmit  power  for  the  electrification  of  460  miles  of  track  on 
the  main  line  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  Puget  Sound  Railway 
between  two  points  in  Montana  and  Idaho. 

Warrington. — The  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee 
has  decided  that  the  tramways  manager  prepare  a  map  showing 
the  existing  tramways  and  his  suggestions  for  new  routes  for  the 
proposed  motor-omnibuses,  and  that  a  copy  thereof  be  supplied  to 
each  member  of  the  Committee. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Brazil. — The  Braiiilian  Government  has  concluded  an 
important  contract  with  Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.  for  the 
provision  of  powerful  stations  at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Santa  Martha, 
Bauru,  and  Ladario,  the  two  last-named  being  important  towns  in 
the  Sao  Paulo  and  Matto  Grosso  regions.  These  stations  will  form 
the  Southern  nucleus  of  the  Brazilian  internal  wireless  network 
first  proposed  by  Dr.  Bhering,  the  delegate  of  the  Brazilian  Govern- 
ment to  the  recent  London  Radiotelegraphio  Conference.  In  all,  not 
fewer  than  30  such  wureless  stations  will  be  required  for  the  main 
lines  of  Dr.  Bhering's  scheme  to  be  realised,  and  the  Marconi  Co.'s 
success  in  obtaining  the  contract  for  the  four  stations  now  to  be 
erected  in  the  South  is  the  result  of  the  very  satisfactory  working 
of  the  Manaos  and  Porto  Velho  stations  which  form  the  Northern 
nucleus  of  the  general  scheme.  These  stations  are  situated  in  the 
tropics  on  the  Amazon  River,  where  severe  electrical  storms  are 
almost  continuously  experienced. 


France. — 'I'he  French  IVjbL  and  Telegruph  authoriticH 
have  ducitled  on  the  CHtablinhment  of  »  lar({c  new  t«tei>hon« 
uxchango  (n  Pariit,  on  tbu  vite  of  part  of  the  old  Chorcbe  Midi 
Military  Prison. 

.lapan. — Somo  dilhculty  in  being  exfxTi'^nccd  \iy  tho 
Japanese  telegraph  service  owing  to  the  damage  cauiicd  to  tbo  mih- 
marint;  cables  off  the  coast  of  Japan  by  fishing  trawlers.  fJwing 
to  the  profitable  nature  of  tho  buKinoBn,  there  has  recently  \ivou  a 
large  incroose  in  the  number  of  trawlers,  with  the  result  that  an 
interruption  of  the  cable  service  is  frequently  caused.  Tbr: 
authorities  of  the  Government  Telegraphs  and  Agriculture  D^part- 
ments  are  at  present  conferring  as  tu  the  Bteph  to  be  taken  to  over 
oome  the  difficulty. 

Persia. — Tlie  AfinisUir  of  I'ostH  and  Telegraphs  has 
authorised  the  Indo-European  Telegraph  Department  to  reconstrnct 
the  Arabistan  telegraph  lines  with  iron  poles.  The  result  will  be 
to  ensure  reliable  international  telegraphic  <ommnnication  with 
such  places  as  .\hwaz,  Shusta  and  Mohamerah.  All  the  existing 
concessions  of  the  Department  have  been  renewed  until  I'.M'i. 

New  Zealand. — Our  Wellington  correspondent  rep<irt8 
that  owing  to  the  rapid  rate  at  which  subBcribers  are  being  added 
at  the  four  principal  cities,  it  has  been  decided  to  make  any  future 
extensions  such  that  the  exchanges  can  ultimately  be  converted  to 
automatic  working. 

The  Wellington  and  Auckland  exchanges  are  Hearing  the  limit 
of  their  capacity,  and  the  Minister  of  Post  and  Telegraphs  has 
announced  that  tenders  are  to  be  called  immediately  for  automatic 
exchange  apparatus  to  be  so  constructed  that  it  can  be  used  in 
conjunction  with  the  existing  magneto  system.  The  chief  elec- 
trician of  the  Department  made  an  extended  tour  recently  through 
the  United  States,  England  and  the  Continent,  and  has  reported 
very  favourably  on  automatic  systems  generally.  The  Strowger  Co. 
erected  a  demonstration  board  of  about  20  lines  in  Wellington,  and 
this  has  been  in  operation  for  several  months  with  satisfactory 
results.  The  growth  of  several  of  the  smaller  towns  is  proceeding 
at  such  a  rapid  rate  that  there  is  a  probability  of  several  of  them 
also  being  served  on  the  automatic  or  semi-automatic  systems. 

SoQth  AfriCiT. — Telephone  developments  to  cost  £8,0(10 

are  contemplated  at  Durban. — liritix/i  and  Smith   African  Ej-jiort 

Gazette. 

The    Imperial    Wireless    System. — On   Wednesday. 

January  1st,  the  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons 
resumed  the  inquiry  into  the  Marconi  contract.  Major  Archer- 
Shee,  M.P.,  gave  evidence,  repeating  his  contention  that  the 
Marconi  Co.  had  received  special  consideration  from  the  Post 
Office,  and  stigmatising  as  a  monstrosity  the  clause  which  bound 
the  Government-  for  five  years  to  adhere  to  the  Marconi  system 
(the  clause  has  been  dropped).  If  the  Marconi  Co.  received  £60,000 
a  year  from  the  royalty,  he  said  they  would  be  able  to  buy  up 
rival  patents.  He  suggested  that  the  agreement  of  1909  gave  the 
Postmaster -General  power  to  use  any  Marconi  patent,  and  said 
that  the  Government  should  invite  tenders,  and  have  the  stations 
built  under  their  own  control.  He  had  been  offered  shares  in  the 
Poulsen  Syndicate  in  1911,  and  again  last  year,  but  refused  them, 
being  interested  in  a  State-owned  Atlantic  cable.  Mr.  fxandil. 
who  represented  the  Danish  owners  of  the  patents,  had 
informed  him  of  the  way  in  which  the  Post  Office  had 
dealt  with  the  offer  of  the  Poulsen  Co.  He  had  no  interest  in  any 
wireless  company.  The  speed  of  transmission  contracted  for  was 
totally  inadequate.  The  Poulsen  Co.  had  proved  that  they  could 
send  messages  over  2,000  miles  at  a  speed  exceeding  100  words  a 
minute.  Other  systems  were,  or  soon  would  be,  capable  of  sending 
at  the  same  rate.  The  speed  contracted  for  should  be  subject  to 
revision  after  five  years.  In  December,  1911,  by  trial  he  found  that 
the  Marconi  trans-Atlantic  service  took  three  times  as  long  as  the 
cable  to  transmit  a  message  ;  but  on  December  30th,  1912,  it  got 
through  much  more  quickly.  In  his  opinion,  the  cable  system  was 
more  efficient,  but  wireless  would  be  a  moat  valuable  auxiliary.  He 
suggested  that  the  Committee  should  present  an  interim  report, 
recommending  that  the  acquisition  of  sites  and  the  erection  of 
buildings  should  be  proceeded  with  immediately,  while  the  best 
system  was  selected  at  leisure  by  a  technical  Committee.  Under 
the  agreement  the  Marconi  Co.  would  be  able  to  create  a  great 
wireless  trust. 

Mr.  Viggo  Gandil,  representing  the  owners  of  the  Poulsen- 
Pedersen  patents,  said  that  early  in  l!Ul  he  was  forming  a  British 
company  to  work  the  system,  and  to  establish  a  service  between 
the  United  Kingdom  and  Canada.  Learning  in  October,  1911,  that 
an  Imperial  scheme  was  under  consideration,  he  asked  the  Post 
Office  for  an  opportunity  to  tender,  and  on  January  11th,  1912.  he 
voluntarily  submitted  an  offer  to  build  six  stations  for  £40,000  per 
station,  including  the  power  house  and  foundations.  For  the  wire- 
less equipment  alone  of  the  Indian  station  he  named  a  price  oi 
£22,000.  On  January  18th,  1912.  he  met  the  Postmaster-General, 
and  offered  to  give  a  demonstration  of  wireless  telegraphy 
across  the  Atlantic  in  six  or,  at  most,  eight  months  ;  he  pointed 
out  that  it  was  impossible  to  raise  capital  for  a  wireless 
scheme  without  a  guarantee  that  the  Government  would  grant  a 
licence,  that  the  stations  would  not  be  liable  to  be  acquired  by 
Government  on  "its  own  terms,  and  that  the  Government  would  not 
erect  competing  stations.  On  January  19th,  on  liebalf  of  the  Post- 
master-General, Mr.  Farnall  asked  if  he  would  sell  all  the  unsold 
Poulsen  patent  rights  for  the  whole  world,  but  he  declined.  He 
further  offered,  on  January  29th,  to  build  stations  in  Ireland. 
Cyprus  and  Canada,  provided  that  if  these  were  satisfactory  the 
Government  would  adopt  his  system  for  the  first  six  stalions.  On 
February    19th,   the  offer  was  refused..    He    was  then   in  touch 


60 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.  72.  no.  i.sss,  januaby  10,  1913. 


with  financiers  who  could  have  provided  fonds  to  carry  out  the 
Imperial  scheme,  and  had  since  formed  a  British  company  primarily 
for  trans-Atlantic  work  ;  but  it  was  always  told  him  that  nobody  but 
Marconi  would  be  allowed  to  do  Government  work.  He  had  made 
it  clear  to  the  Postmaster-General  in  January,  1912,  that  if  he  were 
allowed  to  tender  he  oould  prove  that  he  had  the  necessary  finan- 
cial support,  and  that  he  would  ask  for  no  payment  from  the 
Government  unless  the  latter  were  satisfied  with  the  stations.  Dr. 
Poulsen  and  Prof.  Pedersen  were  scientists  of  the  highest  emin- 
ence, and  had  a  staff  of  experienced  engineers  ;  they  had  almost 
completed  the  designs  for  two  trans-Atlantic  stations  for  the 
Universal  Radio  Syndicate,  Ltd.,  which  was  registered  in  September 
last,  with  i"  100,000  capital,  and  would  own  all  the  Ponlsen  rights 
except  for  Germany  and  the  United  States. 

On  Thursday  Mr.  Gandil  was  closely  cross-examined  on  a  state- 
ment which  he  had  made  to  the  effect  that  Sir  Alex.  King's 
assertion  that  he  had  been  told  by  Government  experts  that  the 
Poulsen  Co.  had  not  communicat«d,  and  never  could  communicate, 
over  a  distance  of  2,000  miles  need  not  be  taken  seriously,  in  view 
of  the  evidence  of  the  experts  themselves.  He  admitted  that  at  the 
time  they  had  no  regular  service  over  2,000  miles,  but  had  pointed 
out  always  that  they  undoubtedly  could  do  it.  He  could  not  name 
any  places  between  which  his  company  was  communicating 
regularly  by  day.  The  system  could  be  tested  between  Honolulu 
and  San  Francisco.  Sir  Alex.  King  knew  nothing  about  wireless  ; 
Mr.  Madge  and  Mr.  J.  E.  Taylor,  the  Government  experts,  had 
expressed  the  opinion  that  his  company  could  do  it.  It  was  true 
that  his  company  had  not  yet  communicated  over  2,U00  miles,  but 
the  system  had  done  it.  At  the  time  they  could  have  taken  a  con- 
tract for  six  stations  at  £-10,000  each.  The  syndicate  was  called 
the  Continental  Syndicate  for  Poulsen  Radio-Telegraphy,  with 
headquarters  in  Copenhagen,  and  it  had  the  right  by  the  contract 
of  sale  to  all  improvements  made  in  America.  He  learnt  from  Sir 
W.  Hall-Jones,  the  High  Commissioner  for  New  Zealand,  that  the 
stations  were  to  be  2,000  miles  apart,  and  that  the  Marconi  Co.  had 
not  got  the  contract,  before  he  wrote  the  letter  of  January  11th, 
1912.  He  was  not  told  by  the  Postmaster-General  on  January  18th 
that  the  conditions  laid  down  by  the  Imperial  Wireless  Committee 
were  a  demonstration  of  working  over  2,000  miles  and  a  waiver  of 
the  restriction  in  communication  with  foreign  countries  ;  had  he 
known,  he  could  have  given  the  demonstration  within  the  time 
allowed,  and  would  have  seriously  considered  the  qnestion  of  the 
waiver. 

He  would  have  been  prepared  to  erect  the  stations  at  a  less  cost 
than  £60,000  each,  and  to  guarantee  that  the  system  would  work 
at  high  speed,  at  a  lower  working  cost,  and  without  reservation 
regarding  atmospheric  disturbances,  as  well  as  to  guarantee- 
financial  ability  to  carry  out  the  work,  but  he  never  had  the  oppor- 
tunity to  tender.  There  was  no  difficulty,  to  an  engineer,  in  extending 
the  range  from  1,000  to  2,000  miles.  They  might  be  able  to  have 
the  stations  in  Ireland  and  Canada  at  work  in  August,  and  could  give 
a  demonstration  of  practical  working  over  2,000  miles  within  six 
months.  He  had  not  heard  until  that  day  the  conditions 
prescribed  by  the  Committee. 

The  P.O.  Telephone  StaflF. — Great  dissatisfaction  has 
arisen  among  the  Post  Office  Telephone  outside  staff  at  Leeds,  and 
the  trouble  threatens  to  become  national.  The  allegations  are  that 
they  have  been  deprived  of  "  walking  time,"  and  can  only  earn  22s. 
per  week,  and  that  a  system  of  espionage  is  permitted,  with  the 
result  that  men  are  dismissed  without  explanation. 

Venezuela.— Owing  to  the  frequent  interruptions  in  the 
submarine  telegraphic  connections  with  Venezuela,  the  Govern- 
ment of  that  country,  at  the  instance  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 
of  Caracas,  has  established  a  daily  steamer  service  between  the 
Port  of  Cristobal  Colon  (Macuro)  and  the  Island  of  Trinidad,  in 
order  that  cables  for  Venezuela  may  be  transmitted  to  Trinidad 
and  then  conveyed  by  steamers  to  Venezuela,  so  ensuring  a  mini- 
mum of  delay 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN 


Itherton. — January  29th.  One  e.h.t.  switchboard  and 
one  H.T.  switchboard  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "  Official  Notices " 
December  27th. 

Australia. — Victoria.— January  28th.  Paper-insulated 
lead-covered  cable  for  the  P.M.G.'s  department.  See  "Official 
Notices"  December  20th. 

February  2l8t.  —  Four  1,500-KW.  rotary  converters,  for  the 
Melbourne  City  Coimcil.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  December  6th. 

Western  Australia.  —  February  19th.  Armoured  telegraph 
cable,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  department.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Binnineham. — .January  27th.  Stores  for  a  year  for  the 
Corporation  Tramways.     Mr.  A.  Baker,  manager. 

Bispham-witb-\orbreek. — January  18th.     One  oil  or 
gas  engine  direct  coupled  to  a  100-KW.  dynamo,  for  the  U.D.C.     See 
Official  Notices  "  January  3rd. 

Canada. — January  24th.  Chairman,  Winnipeg  Board  of 
Control  ;  three  2,700-KW.  step-down  transformers.  Plans,  ice. 
Civic  Light  and  Power  Department.  Winnipeg.  Tenders  endorsed 
"  Tender  for  step-down  transformers." 

February  13tb. — Machines,  motors,  cranes,  kc,  for  Transcona 
Railway  shops.  Specifications,  forms  of  tender,  Mr  W.  J.  Press, 
engineer,  Ottawa. 


February  lOth. — One  1,500-KW.  steam  turbine  and  generator  for 
the  City  of  Mooce  Jaw,  Sask.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Chile.— September  10th.  Tenders  are  invited  for  the 
establishment  of  an  electric  central  station  and  the  distribution 
of  electrical  energy  at  the  port  of  Valparaiso.  Inquire  at  the  offices 
of  the  Chilean  Legation,  48,  Grosvenor  Square,  W. 

Clacton-on-Sea.— January  29tb.  One  250-k\v.  Diesel 
oil  engine,  generator,  switchboard,  &c.,  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "  Official 
Notices  '  to-day. 

Fast  bourne.— January  i4th.  One  1,000-KW.  horizontal 
steam  turbine  and  alternator,  without  condensing  plant,  for  the 
Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  December  20th. 

Glasgow.— January  21st.  Two  C,000-Kw.  turbo-alter- 
nators, with  condensing  plant  and  accessories,  and  water-tube 
boilers,  for  the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices"  January  3rd. 

Harwich. —  January  13th.  Four  motor-driven  centri- 
fugal pumps,  two  motor-driven  sewage  rakes  and  screens,  with 
switcbgtur,  and  about  400  yd.  of  15-in.  cast-iron  rising  main,  for 
the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices"  December  20th. 

India. — January  2Jth.  Bombay,  Baroda  and  Central 
India  Railway  invites  tenders  for  rotary  converter  plant.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

London. — Stepney. — The  B.C.  Electricity  Committee 
is  about  to  invite  tenders  for  two  ,5,000- kw.  tuibo-alternators,  four 
water-tube  boilers,  condensers,  switch  gear,  (cc. 

L  CO.— January  20th.  Electrical  installations  at  Camberwell 
School  of  Arts  (with  fire-alaim  bells  and  wiring  for  power  and 
electrical  clocks),  and  at  Vauxhall  Street  Elementary  Scbocl.  See 
"Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Xelson. — February  3rd.  One  traction  battery,  one 
automatic  reversible  booster  and  switchgear,  one  d  c.  motor- 
generator  and  switchgear,  for  the  Electricity  and  Tramways  Com- 
mittee.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Xorway,— Cheistiaxia. — The  T.C.  will  shortly  be  in 
the  market  for  the  purchase  of  two  three-phafe  turbo-generators  of 
5,000  and  6,000  kw.,  respectively,  for  the  municipal  power  station. 
Particulars  from  the  T.C. 

Xunealon, — January  21st.  One  water-tube  boiler,  with 
valves,  fittings,  &c.,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department. 
See   'Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Plymouth. — January  23rd.  Stores,  for  a  year,  for  the 
Corporation  Electricity  and  Street  Lighting  Departments.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  January  3rd. 

Sheffield. — January  23rd.  General  stores  for  the  City 
Tramways  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  January  3rd. 

South  Africa. —  February  3rd.  Cables,  trolley  wire, 
fittings,  poles,  converters,  switchgear,  &c.,  for  the  Germiston 
municipal  tracklefs  trolley  scheme.  Specification,  &c.,  can  be  seen 
at  the  Board  of  Trade  Commercial  Intelligence  Department  in 
London. — Boftrd  of  Trade  Jmtnial. 

Spain. — January  18th.  Municipal  authorities  of  Riaza 
(province  of  Segovia).  Concession  for  the  electric  lighting  of  the 
town  during  a  period  of  ten  years.    Tenders  invited. 

January  18th.  Municipal  authorities  of  Suria  (province  of 
Barcelona).  Concession  for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  town 
during  a  period  of  ten  years.    Tenders  invited. 

Uruguay. — March  29th.  Five  electric  gantry  cranes 
for  Customs  warehouses  at  Monte  Video.  B.  cf  T.  C.I.  Depart- 
ment in  London. 

West  Ham.  —  January  21th.  Engine-room  store?, 
chemicals  and  A.c.  house  service  wattmeters,  for  the  Counoirs 
electricity  department.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 


CLOSED. 


Ballej. — The  Corporation  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
Tudor  Accumulator  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  maintenance,  for  a  period  of 
12  years,  of  the  battery  which  it  supplied  to  the  electricity  works. 

Bristol. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the 
following  tenders : — 

British  Westingbonse  Co.,  Ltd.— ExtTtt-hlKh-tenEion  and  low-tension  switch- 
gear  for  Temple  Back  Bub  Gtalion,  at  £t>08. 

Bruce  Peebles  &  Co.,  Ltd.— One  three-phase  to  direct-current  converter 
(No.  f )  for  Temple  Back  sub-ftation  (of  l,OCO  kw.),  £2,187. 

Canada. — The  Hart  Accumulator  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  secured 
the  contract  for  the  supply  of  the  storage  battery,  1,190  ampere- 
hours  capa<ity,  required  for  Yellowgrass  electricity  works,  Saskat- 
chewan, Canada. 

Chile. — Talcauuaxo. — Messrs.  Gillespie  «fc  Beales,  pur- 
chasing engineers  for  Messrs.  Martin  Bros.,  Valparaiso,  have 
placed  the  following  orders  for  this  electric  lighting  scheme  : — 

Generators.- Laurence,  Scott  &  Co. 

Battery,  «c.— n«rt  Accumulator  Co. 

Switchboard.— Ferranti,  Ltd. 

Cable.— W.  T.  Glover  &  Co. 

Crane.- Holt  &  WlUetts. 

Steel  poles  —Stewarts  4  Lloyds. 

Lant«rn8  and  fltlioRS.- Hadyn  Harrison. 

.\sphalte  flooring.— Limmer  Arpbalte  Paving  Co.,  Ltd. 


Vol.72.  No.i,833,jANUAB7io,  191H.]    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


61 


Colchester. — 'I'hcT.i".  hiw  uccepUMl  tho  Ujinkrof  Mcbhih. 
H.  O.  Merry  A:  Co.  for  &r>0  tonn  of  (ioldint;  and  Bhircbrook  nutty 
Black  coal  for  the  oloctriu  Ii)(ht  workn,  at  Mh.  hJ.  and  1  Ih.  lOd.  per 
ton  rcHpoctivoly. 

Eccles. — The  Corporation  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
British  WestinphouBe  Klfctrio  &  Manufooturinir  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  12 
months'  niipply  of  conHumcrtt'  eUctricity  moterB. 

(liuihlford.— 'I'he  tender  of  Messrs.  Carling,  Oill  and 
Carlinp,  Ltd.,  of  (iuilford,  haH  bet-n  accepted  for  the  electric  light 
installation  at  the  new  Rchool.s. 

London. — Stkpnkv. — The    B.C.   Electricity   Commitlce 

received  tenders  for  the  bupply  of  cable  durin(f  the  period  endintf 
December,  191.'),  from  which  the  engineer  has  prepared  the 
followinjT  statement  : — 

W.  T.  Henley's  Talegraph  Works  Co..  Ltd.    (accppted)  i'H,886 

British  Insulated  aod  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd tf,0.59 

Callrndcr's  Cable  and  Construotiun  Co.,  Ltd 0,100 

W.  T.  Glover  A  Co.,  Ltd 8,17B 

WcBtcrn  Electric  Co.,  Ltd 9,198 

Sitmers  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd 9,165 

St.  Helens  Cable  Co  ,  Lid.  ..  Unable  to  tender. 

The  specification  includes  a  clause  which  provides  for  the  adjust- 
ment of  the  price  of  cable  according  to  the  market  prices  of  copper 
and  lead  at  the  time  of  ordfring.  The  Council,  constquently,  does 
not  guarantee  to  purchase  any  minimum  quantity  of  cable,  but  the 
amounts  of  the  tenders  are  calculated  on  the  estimated  quantities 
required. 

For  the  supply  of  conduits,  troughs  and  covers  required  during 
the  same  period,  the  engineer  prepared  the  following  statement  on 
tenders  received  : — 


PROPOSED  EXPENDITURE  ON   ELECTRICAL 
WORKS    UNDER    PRIVATE    BILLS. 


Stonewa: 

e       Fibre 

Troughs  and 

conduits, 

conduits. 

covers. 

Albion  Clay  Co.,  Ltd.  (recommended)  £2.481 

_ 

_ 

Henley's  Teleg.  Works  Co.,  Ltd. 

. .      2,664 

£2,713 

£1,269 

Key  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd. 

— 

2,530 

— 

Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.     . . 

. .       2,754 

2,580 

1,2^8 

(recommended) 

(Less  2J  ' 

;i.) 

(Less2»%.) 

B.L  and  Hels-bv  Cables,  Ltd.    . . 

Unable  to  tender 

Callendcr's  Cable,  &c.,  Co.,  Ltd. 

Do. 

W.  T.  Glover  &  Co,  Ltd. 

Do. 

I.R.,  G.P.  and  Teleg.  Wks.  Co., 

,  Ltd. 

Do. 

Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.      . . 

Do. 

The  specification  provides  either  for  the  supply  of  stoneware  con- 
duits or  fibre  conduit?,  and,  having  regard  to  the  difference  in  the 
amounts  of  the  tenders  for  the  two  kinds  of  conduits,  and  to  the 
suitability  of  the  stoneware  conduit,  the  last-mentioned  is  recom- 
mended, the  Albion  Clay  Co.,  Ltd.,  to  supply  the  stoneware 
conduits,  and  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  the  troughs  and 
covers. 

Hackney. — The  B.C.  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  Geipel  &  Co.  for  flame  arc  carbons,  at  £2  15s.  per 
1,000  pairs  ;  also  that  of  the  Sloan  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  long 
open  type  arc  carbons,  at  £3  8s.  per  1,000  paiis,  and  for  short  open 
type  carbons,  at  £2  17s.  per  1,000  pairs.  The  other  tenderers  were 
the  G.E.  Co.,  Ltd.,  Crompton  &:  Co.,  Ltd.,  Siemens  Bros.,  Ltd. 
Messrs.  Ship  Carbons,  Ltd.,  were  unable  to  quote  for  open  type,  as 
their  entire  production  up  to  the  end  of  February,  1913,  was  already 
sold. 

According  to  the  Railway  GazetU,  the  L.  and  N.W.  Railway  has 
placed  a  contract  (valued  at  £500,000)  with  the  firm  of  Walter 
Scott  &  Middleton,  Ltd.,  for  widenings  and  alterations,  also 
16  ft.  4  in.  diameter  cast-iron  tube  railways,  in  connection  with  its 
suburban  electrification  scheme.  The  same  firm  is  also  carrying 
out  work  on  the  extension  of  the  Bakerloo  tube  from  Paddington 
to  Queen's  Park,  where  it  will  link  up  with  the  L.  and  N.W.  electric 
lines. 

Rnncorn. — The  B.  of  G.,  which  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  F.  W.  Smith  &  Co.,  of  Manchester,  for  an  engine  for  the 
electric  light  plant  to  be  installed  in  the  Children's  Home,  has 
given  an  order  to  the  same  firm  for  a  duplicate  engine. 

Salford. — The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  by 
the  T.C.  :— 

A.  E.  Dean  &  Co. — Additions  to  switchboard,  &o.,  at  dispensary,  £&). 
General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— Electric  fittings,  £76. 
E.  M.  Evans  &  Sons.— Wiring  and  fixing  electric  fittings,  £26. 
Clifton  and  Eersley  Coal  Co.,  Ltd. — 500  tons  No.  4  washed  steam  nuts,  for 
the  electricity  works,  at  12s.  lid.  per  ton. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 
(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Officer— LiEtrr.-CoL.  H,  M,  Leat, 
The  following  orders  have  been  isened  for  the  current  week  : — 

Monday,  January  13th. — "A"  Company.  Eecruit  training,  7  to  10  p  m. ; 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Tuesday,  January  Uth.— "B"  Company,  Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Thursday,  January  16th.— "C"  Company.     Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Friday,  January  17th. — "D"  Company.  Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Satuiday,  January  18th. — "D"  Ctmpany.  Week-end  run  at  FortCoalhouse. 
Dress:— Service  dress,  putties  and  greatcoat.  No  arms  or  equipment 
will  be  taken.  Parade  at  Ftnchurch  Street  Station.  Midland,  Ltjndon 
and  Tilbury  section,  at  3  p.m  ,  for  Low  Street  Station.  Railway 
tickets  will  be  issued  by  the  senior  N.-C.O.  present. 

Headquarters  will  be  cpened  fcr  regimental  business  from  10  e,w, 
till  12  noon. 


(Signed) 


H.  CxuFBELL,  Capt.  B.E.,  and  Adjt., 

For  Officer  commanding  L.B.E, 


TllK    following   CHtimaten   of    propowd    (ifxiiditur':   on   electrical 

undertakings  under  powers  nought  in  Private  Uills  thiit  year  app<«r 

in  either  the  dcpoHitcd  fHtiraatos  or  the  BillH  :  - 

hmdon    Countij   Council. — Tramways  *;U4,60O,  nabway 

£94,000,  street  widenings  £21 1;,«20 £f).5.'>,320 

lloie  Ci)r])i>rutwn  (H.  If.  Scott,  borough  engineer).— Kjt- 
tension  of  electricr.l  undertaking  of  the  Corporation 
after  the  date  of  the  transfer  to  the  Corporation  of 
the  undertaking  of  the  Hove  Electric  Lighting  Co., 
Ltd.,  and  the  construction  and  provinion  of  mains, 
works,  fittings  and  apparatus,  and  additions  to  plant 
for  and  in  connection  with  the  electricity  under- 
taking of  the  Corporation        .30,0<K) 

Ifidlderxfifld  Corporation  (K.  F.  Campl)ell,  engineer  for 
tramways  and  street  improvements,  and  R.  H. 
Wilkinson,  electrical  engineer). — Permanent  way 
for  tramways  £83,575,  electrical  e'luipm^-nt  for 
tramways,  £33,845  ;  tramway  rolling  stock,  £  1 1,2,50  ; 
electrical  equipment  of  trolley  vehicles,  £2,804  ; 
trolley  vehicles,  £1,500  ;  motor-'buse?,  i67,500  ;  street 
works,  £2,530 H3,0<l4 

London  Electric  Railway  (H.  H.  Dalrymple  Hay  and  A. 
R.  Cooper,  engineers). — Xo.  1  railway,  6  furlongs 
I'40  chains,  double,  £220,784  ;  No.  2,  1  furlong 
225  chains,  single,  £33,082  ;  Xo.  3,  1  furlong  2 
chains,  single,  £23,299  ;  Xo.  4, 1  furlong  4'50  chains, 
single,  £45,566  ;  No.  5,  1  furlong  53  chains,  single, 
£59,354  ;  deviation  railway,  Xo.  1,  I'Oy  chains, 
single,  £5,496  ;  deviation  railway,  Xo.  2,  r75  chains, 
single,  £5,751  ;  No.  G  railway,  4  furlongs  4'90 
chains,  single,  £238,635  ;  No.  7  railway,  3  furlongs 
.5-35  chains,  single,  £32,664 i;65,231 

Cfntriil  London  Railway  (Mott  &  Hay,  engineers). — 
Xo.  1  railway,  2  furlongs  I'l  chain,  single,  £32,363  ; 
No.  2,  1  furlong  916  chains,  single,  £175,545  ; 
No.  3,  1  furlong,  single,  £2.3,302  ;  No  4,  2  miles 
1'5  chains,  double,  £597,248  ;  No.  5,  3  furlongs 
3  9  chains,  double,  £88,614      759,072 

LeediK  Corporation  (J.  3.  Hamilton,  general  manager  of 
tramways). — Construction  of  tramways,  £63  958  ; 
provision  of  tramcars,  £6,000  ;  provision  of  trolley 
vehicles,  £22,500  ;  provision  of  electrical  equip- 
ment and  construction  of  other  works  necessary 
for  the  tramways  and  trolley  vehicles,  £43,645  ; 
land  for  sub-station  and  depot  for  tramways 
and  trolley  vehicles,  £3,000  ;  sub-station  and  depot 
and  plant  and  cables  in  connection  therewith, 
£34,438 173,541 

City  and  South  London  Railway  {B&^il  Mott  and  D.  Hay, 
engineers). —  Enlargement  of  7  miles  3  furlongs  6'8 
chains  of  tunnels,  £346,000  ;  contingencies,  15  per 
cent.,  £51,900  ;  easements,  £992       398,892 

Chesterfield  Corporation  Railles.^  Traction  (R.  L.  Acland, 
electrical  engineer). — Buildings,  car-sheds,  depot?, 
£2,000;  overhead  equipment  and  the  construction 
of  other  works  necessary  for  the  working  and 
lighting  of  trolley  vehicles,  £33,780  ;  provision  of 
trolley  vehicles,  £6,400  :  motor-omnibuses  and 
expenses  in  connection  with  running  thereof, 
£16,000 58,180 

Derby  (hrporation  (J.  Ward,  borough  engineer). — Con- 
struction of  tramways,  £24,000  ;  provision  and 
erection  of  posts,  standards,  brackets,  and  other 
apparatus  for  the  purpose  of  the  tramways,  £6.000  ; 
provision  and  equipment  of  motor-'buses,  £5,000  ; 
street  works,  &c.,  £79,000        114,000 

Dundee  Corporation. — (J.  Thompson,  engineer) — Tram- 
ways          13,000 

Halifa.e  Corporation  (J.  Lord,  W.  M.  Rogerson,  and 
J.  W.  Galloway,  engineers). — Permanent  way  of 
tramways  and  tram-road,  £147,738  ;  tramway 
rolling  stock,  £22,200 ;  electrical  equipment, 
£24,975;  motor-'buses,  £11,000;  street  works, 
£50,055 256,968 

Nottingham  Corporation  (A.  Brown,  city  engineer  ;  J. 
Aldwoith,  tramways  manager  ;  and  H.  Talbot,  elec- 
trical engineer) — Construction  of  tramway9,£  19,250 ; 
tramway  rolling  stock,  £14,600:  electrical  equip- 
ment and  other  works,  £9,950  ;  provision  of  trolley 
vehicles,  £15,500;  electrical  iquipment  and  con- 
struction of  works  necessary  for  trolley  vehicles, 
£8,950  ;  provision  of  motor-omnibuses,  £39,375  ; 
land  and  buildings  for  trolley  vehicles  and  motor- 
'buses,  £8,775 116,400 

Mexbormiyh    and   Swinton   Tramways    (F.   E.    Stanley, 

engimer) 600 

Metropolitan  District  Railway  (A.  R.  Cooper,  engineer). 

— Widening  of  Fulham  extension      ...         ...         ...  26,739 

Metropolitan  Railway  (W.  Wilcox,  engineer).— Railways 

and  lands...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...        552,165 

Southport  Corporation  (A.  S.  Black,  electrical  engineer 
and  tramways  manager). — Trolley  vehicles,  £3,000  ; 
electrical  equipment  for  trolley  vehicles,  £6,600; 
motor-'buses    £2,000 13,600 


62 


THE     ELECTKICAL     REVIEW.       [Vol.73.    No.  1,833,  January  10,  IQIH. 


^Vettern  Valleys  (_!Uo)i.)  UtiiUeff  Elfctriv  'fraction  (J.  W. 

Szlumper,  eng-ineer"). — Roads,  £300 f300 

Wpst  Jiromwicli  Ctirjioratifn  (A.  D.  Greatorex,  engineer). 
— Provision  of  trolley  vehicles,  £20,000  ;  provision 
of  motor-'buses,  £8,000  :  lands  and  street  improve- 
ments. £15.0U0 43,000 

l^iceater  Corporntion  (.E.  G.  Mawbey.  engineer).  Tram- 
ways, £69,627 ."         C<t,627 

Brighion  I  orjionition. — Purchase  of  land  and  construc- 
tion of  sheds  with  undertrround  cableways  and  cables, 
£'.',000  ;  overhead  line  equipment,  shelters.  iScc, 
£5,300  :  trolley  vhicles,  £4, '.too  1!>,20U 

(\ihif  Corporation. — Working  capital  of  light  railway  to 
be  acquired,  £2,000  :  reconstruction  and  improve- 
ment of  light  railway,  £10,000  12,000 

East    Ham    Corporation. — Purchase    of    equipment    of 

trailer  cars         1,000 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Dublin  Section).— Friday,  Januarv 
lOih.  At  8  p.m.  .M  the  Royal  College  of  Science,  Dublin.  Paper,  "  Notes 
on  Sclfl'ropelled  Cars  for  Light  Railway  Work,"  by  Mr.  J.  P.  Tieniey. 

(Western  Section*.— Monday,  January,  IStb.  At  4  p.m.  At  the  South 
Wales  Institute  of  Kntiineers,  Cardiff.  Discussion  on  paper  on  "  Over- 
head Transmission  Lines"  to  he  resumed.  Address  on  "Automatic 
Telephones,"  bv  Mr.  W.  Aitken. 

At  6.80  p.m.    At  the  Park  Hotel,  Cardiff.    Dinner. 

(Manchester  Section).— Tuesday,  Janaary  14th.  At  7.80  p.m.  At  the 
University,  Manchester.  Paper  on  "Starting  and  Speed  Control  on 
Induction  Motors,"  by  Mr.  F.  C.  Aldoiis. 

(Scottish  Section).— Tuesday,  January  11th.  Meeting  at  8  pm,  At 
207,  Bath  Street,  Glasgow. 

(Yorltshire  Section'.— Wednesday,  January  13th.  At  7.15  p.m.  At 
the  Univer.^^ity,  Leeds.  Lecture  on  "Comparative  Notes  on  Independent 
Steam  Condensing  Plants,"  by  Mr,  W.  A.  Dexter. 

(Students'  Section).— Wednesday,  January  15th.  At  7.45  p.m.  Paper 
on  -The  Conditions  Inlluencing  the  Design  and  Minimum  Manufacturing 
Cost  of  Induction  Motors,"  by  Mr.  E.  T.  Oliver. 

Electro-Harmonic  Society.— Friday,  January  10th.  At  8  p.m.  At  the 
Holborn  Restaurant.    Bmokinf  Concert. 

Institution  of  Post  Office  Engineers  (Metropolitan  Section).— Monday, 
January  13th.  At  fi  p.m.  At  the  I.B.K.  Paper  on  "The  Electrophone 
Service,"  by  Mr.  J,  H.  Pattman. 

Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers  'Graduates'  Association).— Monday, 

January    13th.     At  8  p.m.      Paper  on   "Electric   Accumulators,"  bv    Mr, 
W.  C.  Paddock. 


Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers.    Friday,  January  17ih. 
Paper  on  "  Indicators, '  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Stewart. 


At  8  p.m. 


Association  of  Mining  Electrical  Engineers  (West  of  Scotland  Branch).— 

Saturday,  January  18th.    Meeting  at  4.30  p.m.    At  the   lioval  Technical 
College,  (jlasgow. 


NOTES. 


Metallic  Illnsions.— Mr.  T.  Vaughan  Hughes  A.R.8.M.. 
writes  pointing  out  that  users  of  metals  and  alloys  in  general  do 
not  sufficiently  realise  that  many  cases  of  corrosion  of  their  copper 
pans  and  boilers,  mysterious  breakages  of  chains  and  railway  acces- 
Hories,  and  sudden  failures  of  condenser  tubes  and  copper  pipes  are 
due  to  two  easily  preventable  causes  described  below. 

In  order  to  satisfy  the  demand  for  beauty  of  form,  or  the  modem 
craving  for  cheapness,  many  ingenious  mechanical  devices  have 
been  evolved  by  manufacturers'  works  staffs,  which  put  upon  the 
metallic  articles  while  being  made  uneven  strains,  or  introduce  in 
antiquated  fnrnacing  appliances  deleterious  compounds,  which 
ultimately  render  the  articles  useless,  and  often  enough  dangerous 
to  human  life  and  property.  An  attempt  is  made  to  remove  these 
strains  by  annealing  in  unevenly  heated  furnaces. 

A  few  manufacturers,  whose  products  are  nubject  to  constant 
physical  tests,  are  quite  alive  to  the  situation.  It  must  also  be 
conceded  that  manufacturers  of  ferrous  and  non-ferrous  metals 
and  alloys  spare  no  pains  to  free  them  while  in  the  molten  state 
from  deleterious  substances.  They  employ  expensive  deoxidieers — 
ingenious  devices  to  prevent  contact  of  the  liquid  metal  with  the 
air  during  the  casting  operations,  all  tending  to  produce  soundness 
in  the  ingots  or  castings,  i.e.,  to  free  them  from  blow- holes  and 
segregations. 

No  sooner  is  this  desirable  end  attained,  than  the  metal  or  alloy 
is  introduced  into  furnaces  wherein  hot  traces  containing  free 
oxygen,  sulphur  and  other  objectionable  elements  are  allowed  to 
impinge  upon,  or  envelop,  the  metal.  While  hot  they  are  brought 
oat  of  the  furnace  into  the  air  and  mechanically  treated  in  an 
atmosphere  containing  oxygen.  This  operation  is  often  repeated 
several  times.  In  cases  of  cold  working  the  metal  is,  with  few 
exceptions,  annealed  between  processes  in  furnaces  to  which  the  air 
has  access.  After  this  heat  treatment  it  is  withdrawn  and 
allowed  to  cool,  sometimes  in  approximately  closed  receptacles — 
oftener  in  the  air.  Not  only  is  the  surface  of  the  metal  oxidised  or 
tarnished,  but  during  the  whole  time  of  heating,  and  partly  in 
cooling,  solution  of  oxygen  and  other  gases  takes  place,  with  for- 
mation of  compounds  in  intergranular  spaces,  or  in  the  body  of  the 


metal  or  alloy,  which  form  centres  or  areas  of  corrosion  when  in 
use.  In  the  last  year  or  two  exact  investigations  and  experience 
have  proved  beyond  doubt  that  both  the  above  defects  in  heat 
treatment  are  prolific  causes  of  corrosion  and  other  breakdowns. 

Mr.  Hughes  therefore  submits  that  the  time  has  arrived  for  all 
engineers  and  users  of  metals  and  alloys  to  insist  and  specify  that, 
at  least,  two  causes  of  failure  of  metals  and  alloys  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  makers  shall  be  removed,  namely,  («)  Uneven  heating 
appliances  :  (i)  Antiquated  heat  treatment  in  chemically  and 
phy.«ically  active  atmospheres. 

Incidentally,  the  public  health  will  benefit,  because  all  the  appli- 
ances on  the  market  capable  of  bringing  about  the  above  results 
are  smokeless  when  in  operation.  The  present  unnecessary  and 
wicked  waste  of  one  of  our  natural  resources,  viz.,  coal,  will  also  be 
curtailed. 

"  Centralians  "  and  Cable  Lajin^?  at  the  Antipodes. 

— Graduates  of  the  Central  Technical  College,  South  Kensington, 
now  called  the  City  and  Guilds  (Engineering)  College,  are,  as  is 
well  known  in  the  engineering  world,  at  work  "keen  in  their 
vocation  "  in  all  quarters  of  the  globe.  It  is  not,  however,  a 
common  occurrence  that  five  Associates  of  three  different  years 
find  themselves  together  on  a  single  job.  This  recently  happened 
on  the  occasion  of  laying  submarine  telegraph  cables  between 
Sydney  and  Auckland  (N.Z.),  1,200  miles,  and  Doubtless  Bay  (N.Z.) 
and    Auckland,    140    miles.      The    photog-raph    reproduced    hero 


mm 


shows  the  group  on  board  the  cable  steamship  Silrprfuwn,  owned  by 
the  India-Rnbber,  Gutta-Percha  and  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd., 
the  contractors  for  the  manufacture  and  laying  of  the  cables. 
Starting  from  the  left-hand  side,  the  men  are :  Bernard  S.  Lion 
(I90it-12),  Frank  P.  Swann  (190(i-y),  Nelson  J.  Perryman  (1908-10), 
Edgar  A.  Beavis  (1909-12),  and  Thomas  H.  Solomon  (1909-12).  Mr. 
Perryman  went  out  as  representative  of  the  consulting  engineers, 
Messrs.  Clark,  Forde  &  Taylor,  and  the  other  four  were  employed 
by  the  contractors  as  assistant  electricians  on  the  Siherlown.  The 
work  of  laying  the  cables  was  completed  early  in  December,  1912, 
and  the  photograph  reached  the  College  as  a  Christmas  card. 

Electricity  in  Mines. — 1'art  ■>  of  the  Report  of   the 

Chief  Inspector  of  Mines,  just  issued  by  the  Home  Office,  is  rather 
a  belated  document,  as  it  only  deals  with  1911,  but  there  is  a  good 
deal  of  interesting  information  in  it,  especially  with  rfgard  to  the 
use  of  electricity  in  mines.  Mr.  Nelson,  the  Electrical  Inspector  of 
Mines,  who  during  the  year  made  a  number  of  underground  and 
surface  inspections  of  electric  plant  in  mines,  besides  investigating 
accidents  at  mines  due  to  electricity,  reports^  that  electricity  was 
newly  introduced  into  46  mines  in  1911,  as  against  40  in  1910. 
The  districts  were  ; — Scotland,  20  ;  Newcastle,  4  :  Durham.  2  ; 
Liverpool  and  North  ^Vales,  2  ;  South  Wales,  13  ;  and  Midland  and 
Southern,  5.  The  electricity  special  rules  in  force  during  1911 
merely  required  that  the  introduction  of  electricity  should  be  notified, 
but  this  has  been  remedied  by  the  Coal  Mines  Act,  and  a  com- 
plete classification  of  the  different  systems  of  distribution,  together 
with  a  measure  of  the  growth  of  the  use  of  electjicity  in  mines, 
will  be  made  possible  for  the  future.  Such  particulars  as  are  now 
available  show  that  the  high-pressure  alternating-current  system 
was  introduced  into  five  mines,  the  medium-pressure  alternating- 
current  system  into  11  mines,  the  medium-pressure  direct'Current 
system  into  13  mines,  and  the  low-pressure  direct-current  system 
into  four  mines.  In  the  latter  case  the  current  was  introduced  in 
each  instance  for  lighting  purposes  only.  The  number  of 
electrically-drivien  coal-cutting  machines  in  use  at  the  end  of  1911 
was  99S,  an  increase  of  125  over  these  in  use  at  the  end 
of  1910.  During  the  year  14  fatal  accidents  were  reported 
and  invest i^'ated,  causing  in  all  15  deaths,  but  of  these  two, 
causing  three  deaths,  strictly  speaking,  had  no  connection 
with  the  use  of  electricity  in  or  about  mines.  In  1910  there  were 
L'l  fatal  accidents.  Of  the  12  deaths  in  1911,  all  but  one  were 
electric  shock  accidents,  the  remaining  one  being  due  to  an  ignition 
of  fire-damp  by  electricity.  Three  underground  fires  were  reported 
to  have  been  due  to  electricity.  It  is  also  stated  that  the  possibility 
of  the  application  of  wireless  telegraphy  to  mines  opens  out  an 
interesting  field  for  speculation,  and  it  is  obvious  that  it  might 
prove  a  valuable  aid  during  rescue  operations.  We  shall  refer  to 
the  matter  more  fully  in  a  later  issue. 


Vol.72.   No.  1,833, Jancauy  10,  lOKi.j     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


68 


International  TIiim'  Conference.— In  connection  with 

the  procco(lin(f8  of  tlio  recent  confornncc  on  wirelcsn  time  Hi((nalH. 
/,</  Trrhiiii/iif  Moili'rni'  quoteB  a  note  of  M.  (i.  BiRbiirdan  com- 
inuiuoatcd  to  the  Academy  of  Sciences,  fr'vintf  th*"  followinpr  list  of 
BtationH  which  will  probably  Iw  in  a  poBition  by  July  l8t,  19J3,  to 
a<.^t  na  centren  for  the  emiBHion  of  time  HiprnalH,  at  the  hours  named. 


Parle  ...         

Man  Fernando  (Hra/.il) 
ArliDt;ton  (I'nitcd  States)  ... 

Manilla  

MoifttdiHcio  (Italian  Somaliland) 

Timbuktu      

Paris 

Norddeich-WilhelmshavBn . . . 
San  Fernando  (Brazil) 
Arlinffton  (T'nited  States)  ... 
MasBouah  (Erythrea) 

San  Francisco  

Norddeich-Wilhelmshaven . . . 


Hours 

(Urounwlch  timo). 

0  midnii^ht 


3 

■1  (provisional) 

I 

r> 

10 

12  (noon) 

III 

17 

IK 

20 


The  sipnals  will  be  sent  out  in  accordance  with  the  plan  here 
illustrated,  covering-  the  four  minutes  immediately  preceding  the 
hour  of  the  signal  ;  from  the  end  of  the  ■)7th  minute  warning 
signals  are  sent  for  50  seconds,  followed  by  the  first  time  signal, 


the  close  of  which  marks  the  beginning  of  the  69th  minute.  The 
time  signals  then  follow  every  10  seconds  for  two  minutes,  ending 
precisely  at  the  hour  ;  these  signals  consist  of  "  dashes "  lasting 
one  second  and  dots  lasting  \  fecond,  with  intervals  of  one  second. 
The  wave-length  employed  will  be  about  2,500  m. 

Electricity  Supply  Ritle  League. — The  following  are 

the  results  of  the  matches  shot  during  December  in  connection 
with  the  above  League  : — Westminster  (H.  A.  Pearman,  98),  572,  r. 
Stepney  (Jager,  99),  554  ;  Westminster  (Neville,  98),  572,  r.  Central 
(Brackley.  94),  550  ;  Stepney  (Barber,  99),  547,  r.  Shoreditch 
(Weekes,  99),  571  ;  Ilford  (Haeger,  96),  554,  r.  Central  (Gaze,  Cope, 
Wells,  96),  567. 

Final  Position  of  Clubs. 


Club. 

Shot. 

Won. 

Lost. 

Drawn. 

Points. 

For. 

Against. 

Westminster 

.      10 

10 

0 

0 

20 

5,685 

5,499 

Central ... 

..      Ill 

7 

3 

0 

14 

.5,P.52 

5,520 

Shoreditch 

..      10 

6 

4 

0 

12 

5,614 

5,519 

St»pney 

..      10 

3 

6 

1 

7 

5,470 

5,552 

Ilford    ... 

..      10 

2 

S 

0 

4 

5,403 

5,557 

Hackney 

..     10 

1 

8 

1 

3 

.-,,426 

5,503 

Automatic  Pipe  Cleaner. — The  latest  development  of 

the  penny-in-the-slot  machine  is  a  device  in  which  is  incorporated  a 
small  electric  motor,  driving  a  self-adjusting  revolving  scraper,  to 
clean  the  bowl  of  a  tobacco  pipe  ;  a  jet  of  compressed  air  cleans  the 
stem.  We  understand  that  these  machines  are  about  to  be  placed 
about  London. 

R. A. C.  Trial  of  an  Electrical  Delivery  Van. — We  are 

glad  to  leam  that  a  trial  of  an  electrical  delivery  van  is  this  week 
being  carried  out  under  the  supervision  of  the  Koyal  Automobile 
Club.  The  vehicle,  which  has  been  entered  by  Mr.  J.  F.  Monnot, 
of  41,  Great  Portland  Street,  W.C.,  is  fitted  with  a  battery  of  Edison 
accumulators.  The  trial,  which  started  on  Monday  last,  will  extend 
for  six  days. 

National  Physical  Laboratory. — The  exhibit  of  the 

N.P.L.  at  the  Ghent  Exhibition  this  year  will  relate  to  the  special 
researches  which  have  been  carried  on  at  the  Laboratory  in  con- 
nection with  aviation.  Remarkable  and  important  results  have 
been  obtained  with  the  elaborate  equipment  provided  for  this  pur- 
pose, which  will  exert  a  considerable  influence  on  the  design  and 
construction  of  aeroplanes,  and  the  exhibit  will  be  of  great  interest 
and  novelty. 

Accident. — A  daily  paper  reports  that  at  Sunderland  last 
week  a  boy  was  badly  burned  about  the  neck,  by  a  burning  carbon 
falling  from  an  electric  arc  lamp  on  to  his  celluloid  collar. 


Electro-Harmonic  Soclet.>. — To-ni^ht  at  H  p.m.  there 

will  be  anmdking  concert  of  thin  Hccictyat  the  Ilolhorn  Rentaurftnt 
(King'H  Hall),  witli  Mr.  David  .Hmitb  in  the  chair.  The  preliminary 
programme  is  as  followH ; — VoealintB :  Mr.  fiwilym  Itichardv, 
tenor  ;  Mr.  .Norman  WilliumH,  barittmo  ;  Mr.  ICo>>ert  Maclachlan, 
baHB.  Flute  uiid  harp  ;  MefHrH.  Arthur  MandH  ami  Loren/.l. 
Character  im{K!rBoiiutor  :  Mr.  Emctt  Cherry.  >t<jrieH  and  iroita- 
tiona  of  actors  ;  Mr.  LowIh  Bcnot.  Kntertainer  at  the  piano  :  Mr. 
Harold  Montague.  Solo  (lianoforte  and  accompaniHt  ;  Mr.  Bernard 
Flanders,  A.K.A.M. 

Eviction. — The  Times  and  other  papers  report  that  on 

New  Year's  day  there  was  a  nn'ln'  at  the  hcadrjuarters  of  the 
Amalgamated  Society  of  EngineerH  in  Peckham  Road,  T<ondon, 
when,  in  consequence  of  the  dinpute  arising  out  of  the  procex-dings 
of  the  recent  delegate  meeting  in  Mancheater,  the  executive  council 
was  forcibly  evicted  from  the  offices.  The  eviction  waa  carried 
out  by  a  number  of  memberB  of  the  Union  connected  with  branche* 
in  and  about  London,  said  to  be  acting  on  behalf  of  the  truttecs 
recently  dismissed  by  the  executive.  Four  persona  suetained 
injuricB. 

PrOAIsional  Orders. — The  Hoard  of  Trade  Hiarbour 
Department)  has  issued  a  printed  list  of  applications  for  provisional 
orders  that  have  been  deposited  with  the  Board  for  consideration 
during  the  1913  Session.  Names  of  promoters  and  agents  are 
given. 

How  to  Become  an   Electrical  Enirineer. — .\t    the 

meeting  of  the  Trim  Board  of  fluardians,  on  Saturday,  a  letter  was 
read  from  the  Local  Government  Board  relative  to  the  proposal  to 
allow  a  sum  of  £20  a  year  to  the  master  for  superintending  the 
electric  light,  asking  to  be  informed  whether  the  master  posseased 
the  technical  knowledge  necee.sary  for  the  performance  of  the  work 
in  question,  and  when  he  acquired  it.  Mr.  Shannon  :  Tell  them 
that  he  was  with  the  man  erecting  the  plant,  and  that  the  Board 
are  satisfied  that  he  possesses  a  sufficient  knowledge  of  the  working 
of  the  plant. 

Board  of  Trade  and  Electric  Li^htin^. — The  Journal 

of  Gas  Lightiytfi  is  greatly  chagrined  to  discover  that  the  B.  of  T, 
will  have  nothing  to  do  with  obsolete  systems  of  lighting  (such  as 
gas)  when  it  can  obtain  electric  light.  It  appears  that  a  local  gas 
manager  ofiFered  his  assistance  in  rearranging  the  lighting  in  a  new 
labour  exchange  in  the  North  ;  to  his  surprise  he  was  officially 
notified  from  Westminster  that  it  was  impossible  to  use  gas  as  the 
Board  bad  decided  that  "  electric  light  should  be  installed  wherever 
available  throughout  the  country.'' 

Davis  Cap  Football  leagoe.— The   majority  of  the 

matches  in  this   League,    composed   of   large   electrical  firms  in 
London,  have  now  been  played. 
is  as  follows  : — 


The  present  standing  of  the  teams 


Goals    Goals 

P. 

W. 

L. 

D. 

for.    against. 

Poi 

4 

0 

0 

16           0 

8 

3 

1 

1 

5            8 

3 

4 

2 

1 

10           9 

3 

2 

1 

0 

4           7 

2 

3 

2 

0 

4            .5 

2 

2 

0 

2 

0 

1          11 

0 

G.E.C 

Ediswan 
St.  James' 
Drake  k.  Gorham 
Elec.  Installations     . 
Glengall  Works 

Fatalities. — Prudhoe-on-Tyxe. — An  inquiry  was  held 
at  Prudhoe-on-Tyne  on  December  Slst,  by  Coroner  Rutherford, 
into  the  circumstances  of  the  death  of  Joseph  Wormald,  the  driver 
of  an  electric  motor.  Mr.  J.  E.  Forster  said  he  was  the  con- 
tractor for  a  new  coal  drift  at  Hedley  Park,  near  Prudhoe.  He 
was  in  the  blacksmiths'  shop  on  the  preceding  morning,  30th  ult., 
and  Wormald  was  standing  at  his  motor  5  yards  away,  with  his 
hand  on  the  lever.  Witness  turned  his  back  to  him  for  a  minute, 
and  when  he  turned  round  again  deceased  was  lying  on  his  back, 
partly  on  the  platform  on  which  he  worked,  and  partly  on  the 
floor.  Witness  went  to  him  and  found  him  unconscious.  Deceased 
had  evidently  touched  something  through  which  electric  current 
was  passing.  Mr.  John  Graham,  electrical  engineer,  said  the 
current  was  supplied  from  Mickley  Colliery,  2J  miles  away,  at  an 
average  pressure  of  450  volts  d.c.  Wormald  was  working  a 
small  IOh.p.  motor  (portable  haulage).  His  duty  was  to  put  the 
clutch  into  the  gears,  and  start  his  motor.  Witness  examined  the 
motor  after  Wormald's  death,  and  found  nothing  wrong.  In  his 
opinion,  Wormald's  right  hand  must  have  come  into  contact  with 
the  live  part  of  the  switch.  He  thought  the  man  had  touched  the 
live  part  in  inadvertence.  Dr.  Robert  Blair  Lockhart  said  there 
were  no  marks  on  Wormald's  body.  In  his  opinion  death  was  due 
to  an  electric  shock.  The  jury  found  that  the  decased  died  from 
electric  shock  caused  by  coming  into  contact  with  electric 
machinery  at  which  he  was  working,  and  recommended  that  some 
protective  means  should  be  at  once  adopted  to  prevent  similar 
accidents. 

Newcastle-OS-Tyne. — An  inquiry  was  held  on  the  3rd  inst. 
into  the  circumstances  of  the  death  of  William  David  'Yarley,  a 
fitter,  who  died  at  the  motor  works  of  Armstrong,  Whitworth  and 
Co.,  Elswick,  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  on  December  23rd,  while  using 
an  electric  drill.  Evidence  by  a  fellow-workman  showed  that 
■Varley  was  working  a  portable  electric  drilling  machine  when 
suddenly  he  fell  backwards  on  to  the  floor.  Artificial  respiration 
was  tried,  without  effect.  James  McKinnell.  forem.-m  electrician, 
said  he  examined  the  machine  and  found  it  all  right.  He  showed 
how  a  shock  could  be  received  from  the  machine.  Dr.  Snowdon 
said.Varley's  heart  weighed  20  oz..  whereas  a  normal  one  weighed 


64 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi. -2.   No.  1,833,  januauy  10, 1913. 


11  oz.  Death  was  due  to  heart  failnre.  brought  about  by  some 
external  cause  (such  as  an  electric  shock),  or  by  the  condition  of 
the  heart  itself.  The  heart  had  been  in  that  condition  for  irany 
years,  and  the  man  might  have  died  at  any  time.  The  jury  returned 
a  verdict  that  death  was  due  to  heart  failure,  but  how  brought 
about  there  was  not  sufficient  evidence  to  show. 

Leeds. — Elijah  Jackson,  aged  36  years,  of  St.  Jamts'  Place, 
Holbeck,  Leeds,  an  electrician  employed  by  the  British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  died  in  the  Leeds  Infirmary  on  Saturday  from 
injuries  rectived  in  an  accident  at  the  works,  when  both  his  legs 
were  broken. 

TuDHoE  — An  inquei-t  was  held  last  w(ek  at  Spennymoor 
(County  Durham)  on  the  body  of  Emmtrton  Lancaster  (67),  who 
was  killed  whilst  workirg  at  the  Weardale  Steel,  Coal  and  Coke 
Co.'s  coke  oven.a,  Tudhoe.  William  Birken,  a  fellow  .workman,  said 
he  saw  deceased  near  a  wire  rope,  connected  with  a  winch.  He 
heard  Lancaster  scream,  and  on  going  to  his  assittance,  found  him 
in  a  stoopintr  position,  and  holding  the  winch  rope.  Deceased 
shouted,  "  Don't  touch  me,  but  go  for  someone  else."  William 
Robertson,  in  charge  of  the  chemical  works  adjoining,  said  that 
the  winch  was  used  for  takirg  down  a  large  casting  for  a  super- 
heater. He  could  not  tell  how  the  live  wire  came  in  contact  with 
the  winch  rope.  William  John  Shand,  electrician,  said  he  went  to 
the  scene  shortly  after  the  accident,  and  found  that  the  wire  rope 
had  teen  in  contact  with  a  live  wire.  He  could  not  form  any  idea 
how  the  wire  came  in  contact  with  the  winch  rope.  The  jury 
returned  a  verdict  of  "  Accidental  death,"  attributing  no  blame  to 
anyone. 

Educational   Aotes.— City   and   (Guilds  ok   London 

iNSTiTfTE.— At  the  Technical  College,  Finsbury,  a  special  course 
of  six  advanced  lectures  on  "Induction  Motors"  will  be  given 
by  Jlr.  J.  K.  Catterson-.Smith,  M.I.E.E.,  on  Monday  evenings, 
commencing  January  27th,  at  8  o'clock. 

Institntion    and    Lecture    Notes. — Ixstitctiox    ok 

Electrical  E.ngikeebs.— The  annual  dinner  and  reunion  of  the 
Institution  will  be  held  at  the  Hotel  Cecil,  Strand,  London,  on 
Thursday,  February  (Jth,  1913,  under  the  presidency  of  Mr.  W. 
Duddell,  F.R  S.,  supported  by  the  Council.  Early  application  for 
tickets  should  be  made  ;  the  charge  is  10s.  6H.  each. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Birmingham 
Section).- -A  meeting  was  held  on  Wednesday,  at  the  University, 
Edmund  Street,  Biimingham,  to  hear  and  discuss  a  paper  by  Prof. 
Miles  Walker,  entitled  ''  The  Design  of  Apparatus  for  improving 
the  Power  Factor  of  Alternating-Current  Systems." 

For  Sale. — The  AVincliester  Corporation  has  for  disposal 
one  200-KW.  and  two  50-k\v.  Btlliss- Parker  generating  sets.  See 
our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

International    Electiotedinical  Commission.— The 

meetings  of  the  Special  Committees  will  be  held  at  Ziiiich  en  the 
following  days  :  Symbols,  January  13th  and  14th  ;  Rating.  January 
I5th,  16th  and  I7th;  Prime  Movers  in  Connection  with  Electrical 
Plant,  January  18th  and  19th.  The  Committees  are  constituted  as 
follows  :  — 


Special  committee  on 


Country. 

Fymbols. 

Bating. 

Prime  movers. 

Austria    ... 

Prf.  Pichelmajei 

Dr.  K.  Kobes 

Belgium  ... 

Prof.  E.  Gerard 

Prof.  E.  Gerard 



France     ... 

Prof.  Paul  Janet 

M.  P.  Boucherot 

M.  Ad.  Bochet 

Germany... 

Geh.   Dr.  K. 

HerrLeoSchiilei 

Direktor  H. 

Strecker 

Tonnemacher 

Great 

Dr.  R.  T.  Glaze- 

Dr.  GisbertKapi 

Mr.  G.  Stoney, 

Britain 

brook,  C.B. 

M.InBt.G.E. 

Holland   ... 

Prof.  Dr.  de  Ham 
M.  G.  J.  Van  de 
Well 

" 

Italy 

Prof.  M.  Aecoli 

Prof.  E.  Morelli 
Sig.  G.  Semenza 

Sig.  G.  Semenza 

Norway    ... 

— 

— 

Mr.  W.  Fougnez 

Spain 

Sr.  L.  de  la  Pei  a 

Sr.  L.  de  la  Ptna 

Sr.  L.  de  la  Pena 

Sweden    ... 

— 

Mr.J.  L.laCour 

(to  be  appointed) 

Switzerland 

Prof.  Dr.  WyfB- 

Herr  Huler- 

Dr.  H.  Zoelly 

lixg 

Stockar 

1 

U.S.A.      ... 

Mr.C.O.Maillonx 

Mr.C.O.Maillous 

!  Mr.  H.  G.  Stott 

i 

With  regard  to  the  rating  question,  much  of  the  time  of  the  defe- 
gates  will  naturally  be  occupied  in  dealing  with  the  numerous 
amendments  to  Report  17  of  the  I.E.C.,  issued  by  the  Central  OfBce 
in  June,  1912,  as  the  result  of  the  work  accomplished  in  Paris  in 
Miiy  last,  when,  after  much  preliminary  discussion,  <«rtain  definite 
proposals  were  put  forward. 

The  subject  of  international  rating  is  undoubtedly  of  importance 
to  the  electrical  industry  of  this  country,  with  its  growing  foreign 
trade  ;  the  co-operation  of  the  Manufacturers'  Association,  the 
B.E  A.M.A  ,  has,  therefore,  been  of  considerable  value  to  the  Joint 
Committee  (of  the  Engineering  Standards  Committee  and  the 
British  Electrotechnical  Committee),  by  which  the  Paris  proposals, 
referred  to  above,  have  been  fully  discussed  in  detail.  The  repre- 
sentative of  the  makers  (Mr.  A.  R.  Everest)  is  to  accompany  Dr. 
Gisbert  Kapp  to  Ziirich.  Although  he  is  not  going  as  a  delegate,  Mr. 
Everest's  intimate  knowledge  of  manufacturing  details,  as  well  as 
difficulties,  will  be  of  no  small  value  to  the  delegate  of  the  British 
Committee. 


Petrol-Electric   Railway  Car  for  Wellington,  N.Z. 

—  Our  Wellington,  N.Z  ,  correspondent  states  that  the  New  Zealand 
Government  Railways  Department  has  placed  an  order  with  Messrs. 
Grapes  A:  Riley,  of  Wellington,  for  a  self-propelled  car,  of  which 
the  body  will  be  built  in  New  Zealand.  The  gearing  is  to  be  on 
the  Thomas  transmission  system.  The  estimated  weight,  fully 
loaded,  is  32  tons,  and  the  car  is  to  be  capable  of  hauling  a  trailer 
weighing  2,5  tons  loaded.  The  truck  is  to  be  built  by  the  Lejland 
Motors,  Ltd.,  and  to  have  an  engine  developing  160  B.ii.P.  at 
iHiO  H.r.M  ,  but  capable  of  being  worked  up  to  200  H  p.,  with 
two  electrical  machines,  each  rated  at  50  H.r.  at  600  u.r  m  ,  for 
half  an  hour.  The  general  design  is  similar  to  that  of  the  car, 
which  has  been  giving  such  good  results  in  South  Africa,  and  it  is 
to  maintain  a  speed,  with  trailer,  of  25  miles  per  hour  on  the  level, 
and  10  miles  on  a  gradient  of  1  in  10.  It  is  understood  that  a 
further  order  is  to  be  placed  with  the  British  Westinghouse  Co.  for 
a  car  on  their  system,  and  that  tests  will  be  made  between  them 
with  a  view  to  determining  which  type  is  the  most  suitable  for  the 
Dominion. 

'frifity  House. — A  complete  and  up-to-date  electrical 

restaurant  has  been  opened  by  Messrs.  Modern  Kitchens,  Ltd.,  at 
■18,  Oxford  Street,  W,.  and  a  demonstration  of  its  capabilities 
was  given  on  Tuesday  last.  The  equipment  consists  of  the  well- 
known  "Tricity  "  apparatus,  with  which  the  whole  of  the  cooking 
is  done.  The  promoters  are  to  be  congratulated  upon  their  enter- 
prise, which  will  undoubtedly  prove  highly  beneficial  to  the  electric 
cooking  business  as  a  whole,  and  to  their  own  specialities  in  par- 
ticular. We  hope  to  give  a  description  of  the  installation  in  an 
early  issue 

On  Reading  Papers.— We  have  often  remarked  that 
few  authors  of  papers  are  capable  of  reading  them,  and  we  have 
urgeel  that  the  often  painful  and  always  time-wasting  process 
should  be  discontinued.  Some  day  that  will  be  dene,  and  the 
members  of  British  technical  societies  will  receive  the  printed 
papers  in  advance,  like  their  more  fortunate  American  confri'res. 
But  in  the  meantime  we  commend  to  the  perusal  of  our  author- 
readers  the  letter  reprinted  below,  for  which  we  are  indebted  to 
our  American  contemporary,  Science.  Peop'e  take  lessons  in 
singing,  in  dancing,  in  playing  musical  instruments' — but  everyone 
seems  to  think  he  is  a  born  elocntionist !  : — 

In  the  Interests  of  Better  Speaking. 

To  the  Editor  of  Science :  Would  it  be  at  all  worth  whilp,  now 
that  the  innumerable  scientific  papers  of  the  midwinter  are  about 
to  be  read,  to  urge  their  readers  to  take  a  few  elementary  lessons  in 
elocution  before  they  ascend  their  platforms.'  It  is  difiScnlt  to 
compute  to  what  extent  ivsthetic  pleasure,  as  well  as  facility  of 
comprehension,  would  be  added  to  if  men  of  science  understood 
better  the  art  of  putting  their  communications  before  the  public. 
The  main  work  of  the  professional  elocutionist  would  be  to  show 
the  proi-pective  reader  how  to  produce  full,  clear,  rotund  chest 
tones,  instead  of  the  thin,  clouded,  head  tones  which  they  too  often 
adopt.  If  the  dozen  or  so  of  precious  hours  that  this  would  take  is 
too  much  to  demand,  perhaps  the  following  simple  rules  might  be 
of  some  assistance  ;  I  am  sorry  that  they  are  so  very  elementary, 
but  in  point  of  fact  they  are  rules  which  are  violated  by  fuUy  one- 
half  of  those  who  read  : — 

1.  Stand  erect,  with  chest  expanded,  and  not  contracted. 

2.  Consult  a  physician,  and  see  that  the  nasal  bones  do  not 
obstruct  the  nasal  passages. 

3.  If  manuscript  is  to  be  read  from,  hold  it  in  the  hand  (and  hold 
it  high).  Manngctipt  which  is  stationary  on  a  desk  causes  a  rigidity 
of  the  body  which  should  be  avoided. 

4.  The  length  of  the  line  of  type-wiitten  manuscript  must  be  short 

—  not  more  than  7  in.  This  is  very  important.  The  long  line  of 
the  ordinary  typed  manuscript  is  convenient  for  the  typewriter,  but 
it  is  fatal  to  the  reader.  The  effort  necesary  to  catch  the  right  line 
as  the  eye  returns  to  the  left-hand  margin  of  the  paper  consumes 
energy  which  should  be  devoted  to  securing  that  mysterious  rojyport 
that  must  be  established  between  reader  and  hearer  if  the  function 
is  not  to  be  a  painful  one.  For  the  same  reason  the  type  must  be  good 
and  black,  and  the  lines  far  apart.  Whatever  contributes  to  the 
physical  ease  of  the  speaker  conduces  also  to  that  free  and  undis- 
tracted  state  of  mind  which  is  indispensable  to  the  securing  of  the 
desired  rapport. 

5.  Better  still— make  a  mental  note  of  the  Art  und  Weite  of 
those  men  of  science  (half  our  number,  perhaps),  who,  whether  by 
instinct  or  by  early  training,  know  bow  to  address  an  audience 
effectively.  There  is  a  subtle  mental  attitude  about  them,  quite 
aside  from  physical  details,  which  can,  perhaps,  be  better  caught 
by  instinctive  imitation  than  by  conscious  intention.  May  their 
tribe  increase ! 

t'>.  If,  in  addition,  every  individual  reader  would,  in  his  own 
interest,  see  to  it  that  there  is  enough  oxygen  in  the  audience-room 
to  permit  of  ready  comprehension  on  the  part  of  his  hearers,  then, 
indeed,  would  the  mid-winter  scientific  meeting  become  such  a  joy 
to  the  spirit  as  would  brighten,  in  retrospect,  many  a  coming  month 
of  solitary  hard  labour. 

The  essential  matter  of  inspiring  papers  is  always  at  hand  ;  a 
little  furbishing-up  of  method  of  presentation  is  all  that  is  needed 
to  make  that  matter  far  more  effective,  in  the  way  of  presentation, 
than  it  is,  too  often,  at  present.     Of  this  the  reader  may  b^  certain 

—  if  he  insists  upon  beginning  his  paper  with  his  voice  thin,  low  and 
veiled,  and  directed  downwards  u))on  the  floor  instead  of  outwards 
towards  the  level  of  his  hearers'  ears,  the  spirits  of  his  auditors,  so 
far  as  they  have  any  ajsthetic  quality  at  all,  will  also  descend  to  their 
boots,  and  will  remain  there  until  another  speaker  gives  them  a 
chance  of  better  nourishment.—  X.Y.Z. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,r:!:i,  janoaiiy  10, 1911.]     rpjjp.    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


66 


QUH'tneSM  l*r<'f<'rrfd. —  In  the  backhlockwof  New  Zi^uIhiiiI, 
whero  roa<lH  arc  bad  nnd  in  wet  weather  at  timcH  nlmont  impatHuble, 
telephonic  conimunication  on  the  party-line  HjNtcm  ih  extcnHivcly 
U8C(1.  InvoHti^Mtinif  a  fault  on  a  line  with  neven  or  oijfht  Hub- 
BcriberH  recently,  it  waH  found  that  a  lady  had  tired  of  the  continual 
rintfini;  in  the  evenini;g  amonvrst  her  noiifhbourH,  and  had  adopted  a 
method  of  lier  own  to  wtop  it.  She  took  down  the  iniorotclephono 
and  inNurtcd  a  lar^^e  cork  in  the  tranxmitter  mouthpiece. 

A|i|)ointments  Vacant. — Telegraph  and  tolcpbone  line 
superintendent,  for  the  (J.ivnrnment  of  Jamaica,  Public  Works 
Department  (iE2r.O)  ;  laboratory  asBistant  in  the  electrical  enifineer- 
in(f  dopiirtment  of  the  Sjuth-WcBtern  Polytechnic.  See  our 
advertisement  paffcs  in  t\w  issue. 

Parliamentary   .\otes. — Trinidad  Wueei,  Tax. — In 

Monday's  Parliamentary  Papers  Mr.  Pointer  a.sked  the  Secretary  of 
State  for  the  Colonics  whether  his  attention  had  been  drawn  to 
the  Wheel  Tax  Ordinance  recently  broufrht  before  the  Leffislative 
Council  of  Trinidad  ;  whether  it  hid  been  passed  by  the  Council  ; 
whether  it  had  come  within  his  notice  that  the  provisions  of  the 
ordinance  would  not  apply  to  the  vehicles  of  the  tramway  com- 
pany, who  exercised  their  monopoly  powers  without  any  payment 
of  any  kind  for  the  valuable  monopoly  held  by  them  ;  and  whether 
he  was  able  to  offer  advice  to  the  Trinidad  Government,  suptrestingf 
that  the  provisions  of  the  ordinance  should  apply  to  the  tramway 
company.  Mr.  Ilarcourt  replied  that  the  hon.  member  no  doubt 
referred  to  the  Port-of-Spain  Carriage  Licences  Ordinance,  li)12. 
That  Ordinance  had  been  passed  by  the  Letrislative  Council,  but  had 
not  yet  been  submitted  to  him  for  His  Majesty's  pleasure  to  be 
taken  with  regard  to  it. 

Auckland  Park  Com.tery  Explosion.— Sir  H.  Havelock  Allen 
asked  the  Home  Secretary  whether  he  had  yet  received  the  report 
of  the  Inspector  who  investigated  the  explosion  which  took  place 
at  Auckland  Park  Colliery,  County  Durham,  on  October  29th  last. 
Iq  reply,  Mr.  M'Kenna  said  he  had  received  a  further  report  from 
the  District  Inspector,  stating  that  the  examination  of  the  cable 
under  the  large  fall  showed  conclusively  that  the  cable  was  not 
the  originating  cause  of  the  explosion.  The  origin  of  the  explosion 
remained  a  mystery. 

Electrical    Imports   and    Eiports    in    1912. — The 

returns  issued  on  Tuesday  for  the  month  of  December,  and  for  the 
complete  year  1912,  show  the  following  figures  : — 

Dec,        Deo.,        Complete  ye »r. 
1912.  1911.         1912.  1911. 

Imposts,  £  £  £  £ 

Electrical  goods  and  apparatus  (other 

than  machioerj  and  telegraph  and 

telephone  wire)  137,464     138.581    1,457,646    1,435,492 

Machinery 614.619     453,718    6,820,744    5,768,062 

E.XPOKTS. 

Electrical  goods  and  apparatus  (as 

above)       320,119      217,219    4,369,877    2,819,374 

Machinery 2,743.334  2,650,903  33,161,772  30,960,678 

Copper. — A  rather  more  cheerful  tone  in  respect  of 
European  politics,  and  the  prospect  of  better  economical  condi- 
tions at  home,  had  their  influence  at  the  end  of  December  on  this  as 
on  other  markets.  The  European  visible  supply  (including  stocks 
in  Rotterdam  and  Hamburg)  is  shown  by  Messrs.  Merton's  statistical 
circular  to  have  decreased  during  December  from  43,281  tons  to 
43,241,  a  difference  of  40  tons  only.  Withdrawals  from  English 
ports  during  the  month  have,  apparently,  been  small,  and  covered 
by  incomings,  the  quantity  standing  to  home  supplies  being  con- 
siderably higher  than  that  for  the  end  of  November.  Rotterdam 
has  brought  up  its  stocks  (which  were  low)  to  1,000  tons,  while 
Hamburg  registers  1,882  tons,  a  decrease  of  333  tons  during  the 
month.  In  detailed  supplies  European  arrivals  from  America  are 
on  the  average,  the  quantity  from  Spain  and  Portugal  to  England 
and  France  is  rather  low,  but  the  amount  is  compensated  by 
increase  in  supplies  from  other  countries.  Chile  shipments  are  well 
up,  and  Australian  high  (4,400,  against  an  average  of  3,780). 
Deliveries  are  brisk  at  42,817  tons.  American  stocks  (American 
Copper  Producers"  Association  figures)  increased  during  November 
,4,205  tons.  The  world's  supply  for  the  same  date  (November  30th, 
1912)  was  81,747  tons,  an  increase  over  the  return  for  October  31st 
of  1,145  tons.  The  large  withdrawals  from  stock  last  year  in  the 
United  States  were  during  January,  according  to  figures. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

37m!  Editors  invite  electrical  engineers,  whether  connected  with  the 
technical  or  the  connnercial  side  of  the  profession  and  industry, 
also  electric  tramway  and  railway  officials,  to  heep  readers  of  the 
Electrical  Review  jiosted  as  to  tlieir  morements. 


Central   Station    Officials. — We  arc  pleased  to  learn 

that  Mr  W.  J.  U.  SoWTER  ha-x  now  sufficiently  recovered  from  the 
effects  of  his  serious  accident  of  July  last  to  enable  him  to  resume 
charge  of  the  Bray  U.D.C.  electricity  undertaking.  All  communi- 
cations should,  therefore,  now  be  addressed  to  him.  We  understand 
that  Mr.  McDonnell,  assistant  engineer,  has  now  left  the  service 
of  the  Council,  and  Me.  V.  Dempsey,  of  the  Galway  Electric 
Supply  Co.,  has  been  appointed  to  succeed  him,  at  a  commencing 
salary  of  £104  per  annum. 


Mic.  i)iM>Ai-  Vuy.,  manager  of  the  Penrith  Kloctric  .Mipply  (^., 
hafi  rertigntd  hi*  connoctioti  with  the  company,  and  will  nh'irtly 
proceed  to  Calgary,  AUwrta,  Cuniula,  accumpan'ed  by  Mii.  J.  W. 
Hi.KA.sdale,  hi*  aiiMiHlant  cnginctsr  at  Penrith,  where  thfy  will 
commence  buHinoNH  ai  connulthiK  cngintsflrH.  The  direct')rii  of  the 
company,  at  a  recent  meeting  in  MancheHter,  a/if^iptcd  Mr.  Fox's 
renigniition  with  regret.  Mr.  Fox  in  to  be  Buccewled  at  Penrith  by 
Mil  Si'K.lilHT,  of  St.  Anne'H,  the  company'*  connulting  engineer. 

The  Hiirnley  T.i;.  has  increaoed  the  Halary  of  Mit.  .Jamka  E. 
Staiikii;.  electrical  engineer,  from  £JO'J  to  £500  per  annum,  m 
from  January  Int. 

The  Electricity  Committee  of  the  MancheHter  Corporation  hM 
recommend(rd  to  the  City  Council,  ih\i  an  agreement  with  Mb.  H. 
Lamii  be  prepared,  appointing  him  resident  engineer  at  the  Stuart 
Street  generating  station,  at  a  commencing  Halary  of  ii'MiO. 

The  Nel.wn  (Lanes.)  T.C.  last  week  decided  to  increaHC  the  salary 
of  Mk.  0.  V.  Navlek,  chief  asaiHtant  electrical  engineer,  from  £U0 
to  £156  per  annum. 

Tramway   Officials.— The  employi-s  of  the  .Southport 

Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  presented  a  framel  photograph  of  them- 
selves to  the  general  manager,  Mb.  J.  Lj.oyd,  an  a  token  of  esteem. 

General.— Mr.  H.  R.  Kempe,  M.Inst.C.E.,  if.I.Mech.E., 

M.I.E.E.,  and  late  Electrician  to  the  Post  OfB:e,  who  has  com- 
menced work  a^  a  consulting  engineer,  notifies  that  his  temporary 
address  is  4,  Lndgate  Hill,  London,  E.C. 

Mr.  C.  D.  Falckk,  who  recently  resigned  the  position  of  resident 
engineer  to  the  Stratford-on-Avon  Electric  Sopply  Co.,  Ltd.,  baa 
opened  an  oflSce  as  consulting  electrical  and  mechanical  engineer 
at  410,  Manf<ion  House  Chambers,  Quepn  Victoria  Street,  London, 
E.C.  Mr.  Falcke  went  to  Stratford-on-Av.m  six  years  ago  to  lay 
down  the  electricity  works,  and  he  subsequently  acted  as  resident 
engineer.  On  his  resigning  that  position,  the  directors  appointed 
him  to  be  their  consulting  engineer.  We  understand  that  he  is  now 
occupied  with  an  interesting  patent. 

Me.  H.  W.  Power,  engineering  publicity  expert,  has  removed 
from  180,  Eswyn  Road,  London,  S.W.,  to  31,  (^ueen  Victoria  Street, 
E.C,  where  his  telephone  number  is  "City  85'JO." 

Mb.  S.  L.  Lord,  of  the  staflf  of  Messrs.  Crompton  &  Co.,  electrical 
engineers,  of  Chelmsford,  who  has  been  married  to  Miss  K.  M. 
Gaffney,  daughter  of  Mr.  J.  N.  Gaffney,  of  Broadstairs,  has  been 
presented  by  his  colleagues  at  the  Arc  Works  with  a  barometer. 

At  St.  Guthbert's  Church,  Darlington,  on  January  2nd,  the 
marriage  took  place  of  Mb.  Rcpert  Stanley  Allen,  fifth  son  of 
Mr.  W.  H.  Allen,  J.P.,  D.L.,  of  Bromham  House,  Beds.,  and  of 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Allen,  Sons  v*c  Co  ,  Ltd.,  electrical  engineers.  Queen's 
Engineering  Works,  Bedford,  and  Miss  Gladys  Marion  Hill,  elder 
daughter  of  Dr.  Eustace  Hill,  of  Birchfield,  Darlington.  The 
presents  included  a  large  silver  salver  from  the  stafif  of  the  Queen's 
Engineering  Works. 

Mr.  F.  J.  Teaoo,  B.Sc,  lecturer  in  electrical  machinery  and 
assistant  lecturer  and  demonstrator  in  electrical  engineering  at 
Liverpool  University,  was  married  at  Newcastle  on  January  2nd  to 
Miss  Annie  Middlemiss,  of  Morpeth. 

Mr.  William  Whittle,  the  chief  accountant  of  the  Metropolitan 
District  Railway,  has  just  retired,  after  42  years  in  the  service  of 
the  railway.  The  directors  and  oflBcers  presented  him  with  a 
service  of  silver  plate,  and  the  staff,  together  with  friends,  gave  an 
illuminated  address  and  a  gold  watch.  A  farewell  dinner  was  held 
at  the  Cafe  Royal,  with  Lord  George  Hamilton,  chairman  of  the 
company,  presiding. 

Mr.  Herbert  J.  G.  Webb  has  been  appointed  manager  of  the 
apparatus  department  with  the  Electrical  Co.,  his  position  as  re- 
presentative engineer  in  Yorkshire  and  the  North  of  England  for 
the  same  firm  being  taken  by  Mr.  Herbert  Foster,  late  with  the 
York  Corporation. 

Messrs.  Jaeger  Bros.,  of  18,  Christopher  Street,  London,'  EC, 
announce  that  Mr.  H.  Steindach  has  resigned  the  position  of 
London  manager  to  the  firm,  and  Mb.  Ernest  Jaeger  is  taking  up 
that  appointment. 

The  CoMTE  DE  Baillehache  has  been  appointed  director  of 
our  Paris  contemporary,  La  Liiiiiiire  Electriquc.  dating  from 
January  1st, 

Mr  Lee  Murray  has  been  appointed  to  the  seat  on  the  board  of 
directo-sof  Messrs.  Bruce  Peebles  i:  Co.,  Ltd.,  recently  vacated  by 
Mr.  Charles  H.  McEuen.  Mr.  S.  E.  Bastow  and  Mr.  J.  H. 
Bunting  have  been  appointed  joint  managers  in  the  place  of  Mr. 
Murray,  who  has  retired  from  the  position  of  general  manager  of 
the  company. 

Mr.  C.  H.  Wright  is  giving  up  his  position  with  Messrs. 
Crompton  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  in  order  to  take  up  an  engagement  with  the 
National  Steam  Car  Co..  L'^d. 

Mr.  W.  C.  Mountain  has  opened  an  office  at  131,  West  Regent 
Street,  Glasjiow.  in  connection  with  his  consulting  engineering 
practice,  and  Mk.  J.  E.  Mauewan  will  act  there  as  his  resident 
engineer  in  Scotland. 

Obituary. — Mr.  Svdxev   "Wood field.— We  learn  with 

the  deepest  regret  of  the  death  of  Mr.  Sydney  Woodfield,  A.M.I.E.E., 
which  occurred  on  December  3rd.  Mr.  Woodfield  was  a  contributor 
to  our  pages  whose  services  were  most  highly  appreciated  by  us,  and 
we  greatly  deplore  his  untimely  death,  which  occurred  under 
peculiarly  sad  circumstances.  Our  rea'lers  will  remember  that, 
eight  months  ago,  he  was  appointed  chief  engineer  to  the  Lacroze 
Co.'s  electric  traction  undertakings  in  Buenos  Ayres.  He  had 
prepared  a  hom^.there  in  readiness  for  the  arrival  cf  Mrs.  Wood- 
field,  but  just  before  her  sailing  day  he  cabled  to  England  that  he 
was  seriously  ill  and  had  booked  his  return  passage.  He  arrived  in 
this  country  on  November  24th,  and  he  lived  only  until  December  3rd. 


66 


THE    ELECTRICAL    PIEVIEW.     [Voi.  72.  No.  i,833,  januabt  10, 1913. 


The  deceased  gentleman  was  at  different  periods  of  hia  career  con- 
nected with  Messrs.  J.  G.  White  \  Co..  Ltd.,  the  British  Thomson- 
HoDston  Oo.,  Ltd.,  the  Glasgow  Corporation  Tramways  Department, 
Leeds  Corporation  Tramways  Department,  and  several  of  the  technical 
institutions.     We  tender  our  sincere  sympathy  to  his  relativea. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Eckstein,    Heap   A:  Co.,   Ltd.   (12fi,2t;2). — Thi.«  company  was 

registert  l  on  jftnuary  1st,  with  a  capital  of  £50,000  in  £1  shares,  to  take  over 
the  busioess  ol  an  electrical  engineer  and  manufactarer  of  electriial 
apparatus,  car]  ied  on  b;  A.  F.ckiiteiD,  at  Caroline  Street,  Broaghton  Lane, 
Balford,  and  at  S,  Chapel  Walks,  Manchester,  as  Eckstein,  Heap  &  Co.  The 
^subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  : — A.  Eckstein,  Brantwood,  Oak  Drive, 
Fallowfleld,  Manchester,  electrical  engineer  .  J.  Hamcr,  Low  C'rjft,  Bowl- 
acre  Lane,  Gee  Cross,  Cheshire,  chartered  accountant;  P,  B.  Hall,  Nesfield, 
Marple  Qrove,  Prestwich,  near  Manchester,  manager;  D.  B.  Mellie,  4, 
Burlington  Road,  Altrincbam,  Cheshire,  manager.  Private  company.  The 
number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  three  or  more  than  seven  ;  the  first 
are  A.  Eckstein  (chairman  and  governing  director),  J.  Hamer,  P.  B,  Hall,  and 
D.  r.  Mellis  ;  qualification  of  J.  Burner,  £3,000  shares  ;  of  other  directors, 
i.'l,000  shares:  remuneration  (e.\cept  managing  director)  as  fixed  by  the  com- 
pany. Solicitor,  P.  H.  Jordan,  1,  Princess  Street,  Manchester.  Registered  by 
Jordan  A  Sons,  Ltd.,  116-117,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

Javal  Patents,  Ltd.  (120,273).— This  company  was  repistered 
on  January  1st,  with  a  capital  of  £2,000  in  Is.  shares,  to  carry  on  the  business 
of  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  hydraulic,  electric  and  steam  machinery 
and  appliances,  engineers,  founders,  &o.,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  E. 
Cremieu-Javal.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are: — F.  Samuelson, 
7lA,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.C.,  solicitor;  R.  C.  E.  Poulter,  Midland  Bank 
Chambers,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.C.,  solicitor.  Private  company.  The 
first  directors  arc  not  named ;  qualification,  £10.  Regieteied  ofHoe,  44, 
Basinghall  Street,  E.C. 


OFFICIAL    RETURNS    OF    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


Harry  W.  Cox  &  Co.,  Ltd.  -Particulars  of  £l,00O-debentares, 

created  October  lOth,  1912,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies'  (Con- 
solidation) Act,  1908,  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being  £500.  Pioperty 
charged  :  The  company's  property,  present  and  future.    No  trustees. 

L'nited  Sherardinin^  Co.,    Ltd.— Issues  on   December    12th, 

llib  and  '20th.  1912,  of  £100,  £400  and  £200  debentures,  parts  Of  a  series  of 
which  particulars  have  already  been  filed. 

Salford  Electrical    Instruments,    Ltd.    (112..599).— Capital, 

£20,00]  in  £1  shares  (10,009  preference)  :  return  dated  May  l(>th  (filed  October 
2.5tb,  1912) :  10,000  preference  shares  taken  up  ;  £10,000  paid.  Mortgages  and 
charges  :  Nil. 

Forster  &  Sons,  Ltd.— Particulars  of  £20,000  second  deben- 
tures, created  December  14th,  1919,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (8)  of  the  Com- 
panies' iConsolidation)  Act,  1908,  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being  £2,000. 
Property  charged :  The  comjiany's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and 
future,  includinK  uncalled  capital.     No  trustees. 

Slieppej-  Water  and  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd.— Chargre  on  land  and 

hereditaments  at  Minster-on-Sea,  Sheppey,  dated  December  19th,  1912,  to  secure 
all  mAneys  due  or  to  become  due  (lom  the  company  to  London  County  and 
Westminster  Bank,  Ltd.,  21,  Lombard  Street,  E.C,  .stamped  to  cover  £1,500. 

RafVlings    Bros.,    Ltd.    (i;7, 908). -Capital,    £100,000    in    £1 

shares  (80,000  preference  and  70,000  ordinary).  Return  dated  October  22nd, 
1912,  20,685  preference  and  !)8,1G9  ordinary  share:  taken  up,  £58,854  paid. 
Mortgages  and  charges :  £6,812. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Llan(ludn<>  and  Colwyn  llaj  Electric  Railway,  Ltd. 

The  seventh  ordinary  general  meeting  of  the  above  company  was 
held  on  .January  2nd.  at  the  offices,  Basildon  House,  Moorgate 
Street,  E.C,  Mr.  A.  W.  Tait  presiding. 

The  CiiAiBMAK,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report,  said  the 
profit  for  the  year  was  £6,02:!,  as  compared  with  £5.784  for  the 
preceding  year,  an  increase  of  £239.  That  increase  was  on  the 
top  of  an  increase  of  £2,172  for  1911,  as  compared  with  1910.  The 
traffic  receipts  amounted  to  £16,199,  as  compared  with  £15,.S59 
last  year,  an  increase  of  £840,  or  over  5  per  cent.  That  increase 
would  have  been  greater  but  for  the  disappointing  weather  during 
the  summer,  particularly  during  the  month  of  August.  The  traffic 
during  the  winter  months  showed  a  steady  improvement,  which 
was  due  to  the  increase  in  the  resident  population  along  the  route 
and  to  the  improvement  in  the  time  and  running  of  the  service, 
and  because  of  the  increased  facilities  they  were  able  to  give  owing 
to  the  double  tracking  of  a  considerable  portion  of  the  line. 
Turning  to  the  debit  side  of  the  profit  and  loss  account,  it 
would  be  observed  that  the  power  expenses  were  £2,271,  &a 
against  £2,r,S0  last  year— a  saving  of  £2.59,  or  approximately  10 
per  cent.  That  was  particularly  satisfactory  when  he  mentioned 
that  that  economy  was  effected  in  spite  of  an  increase  in  the  number 
of  car-miles  run  of  K,899.  The  saving  in  units  was  62,272,  or 
approximately  1,3  per  cent.  The  saving  was  really  more  than  it 
appeared,  because,  owing  to  the  sliding  scale  in  their  power-supply 
agreement,  theleaa  electricity  they  took,  the  higher  they  had  to  pay 


for  it.  *rhe  economies  which  they  had  effected  during  the  last  two 
years  had  been  very  great,  and  he  thought  they  had  now  reached 
their  maximum  in  that  respect.  The  reductions  which  had  been 
effected  in  the  past  two  years  amply  justified  the  expenditure  on 
double  tracking,  and  credit  was  alto  due  to  the  manager  for  the 
better  inspection  and  lubrication  of  the  motors  and  the  general 
conduct  of  the  service.  There  were  small  increases  in  the 
amounts  charged  for  trnffic  expenses  and  interest,  and  there 
were  small  decreases  in  the  amounts  of  general  expenses  and 
depreciation  of  equipment.  The  only  other  item  calling  for 
comment  was  that  of  repair.s  and  maintenance.  The  amount 
this  year  was  £1,481,  as  compared  with  £783  last  year.  Of 
that  sum,  approximately  £657  represented  expenditure  upon 
permanent  way,  and  approximately  £6.")(i  upon  cars,  both  of  which 
items  were  in  excess  of  the  amounts  charged  under  these  heads  last 
year.  Part  of  that  might  be  regarded  as  expenditure  of  a  special 
nature.  The  large  expenditure  on  the  permanent  way  was  due  to 
some  heavy  repair  work  on  the  track  in  Colwyn  Bay,  where  it  had 
subsided  owing  to  the  track  being  laid  over  a  green  sewer  trench. 
He  was  afraid  that  they  could  not  expect  to  have  any  reduction  of 
expenditure  under  that  head  for  some  time  owing  to  the  excep- 
tional local  conditions,  and  the  wet  summer  and  excessively  wet 
autumn  of  last  year  had,  of  course,  tended  to  make  those  conditions 
worse  as  regards  the  year  under  review.  Wherever  possible  efforts 
were  being  made  to  render  the  condition  of  the  track  more  satis- 
factory, and  they  would  see  that  when  the  doubling  work  over 
Bodafon  Fields  was  carried  out  a  certain  amount  of  regrading  and 
reconstruction  work  was  done  at  the  same  time,  which  had  greatly 
improved  that  part  of  the  line.  They  had  also  completed  arrange- 
ments to  double  track  the  line  at  the  top  of  Penrhyn  Hill  and  from 
the  end  of  Mostyn  Avenue  to  a  point  beyond  the  North-Eastem 
Hotel  in  Llandudno.  When  that  work  was  completed,  the  double 
track  would  extend  for.  approximately,  four  miles,  which  would 
enable  them  to  cope  more  expeditiously  and  economically  with  the 
traffic,  especially  in  the  summer.  Included  under  the  cost  of 
repairs,  too,  was  the  cost  of  repainting  practically  the  whole  of  the 
cars  and  the  complete  overhauling  of  their  equipments  so  that,  at 
the  end  of  the  year,  they  were  in  excellent  condition,  and  he 
thought  they  might  expect  to  see  some  reduction  in  that  item  next 
year,  because  such  an  extensive  overhaul  should  not  be  necessary. 
It  would  be  observed  that  the  company  had  expended  during  the 
year  about  £6,700  on  additions  of  a  capital  nature,  which  he  had 
already  explained.  The  variations  in  the  other  assets  were  self- 
explanatory.  With  regard  to  the  liabilities  they  had  issued  £3,17.5 
additional  debenture  stock,  and  they  owed  to  sundry  creditors  and 
on  bills  payable,  approximately,  £4,800  more.  It  would  be 
necessary  in  order  to  pay  the  dividend  which  the  directors  recom- 
mended, and  for  other  purposes,  to  issue  a  further  amount  of  debenture 
stock.  The  order  for  the  extension  to  Old  Colwyn  had  now  been 
confirmed  by  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  arrangements  with  the 
Colwyn  Bay  Council  as  regards  road  widenings,  were  in  progress. 
The  terms  upon  which  the  company  were  willing  to  proceed  with 
that  extension  had  been  clearly  indicated  to  the  Council,  and  he 
hoped  that  those  would  be  accepted  by  them,  as  otherwise  the  con- 
struction of  that  extension  must  be  held  over.  The  balance  avail- 
able for  distribution  after  adding  another  £1,000  to  depreciation 
reserve  account — making  a  total  of  £4,000  to  date — and  writing  off 
£1,000  from  discount  and  expenses  of  issue  of  debenture  stock, 
amounted  to  £4,737,  which  included  £714  brought  in  from  the 
previous  year.  That  sum  the  directors  proposed  should  be 
applied  in  the  following  manner  : — In  payment  on  January  Slst 
of  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  3i  per  cent,  per  annum  (less  income- 
tax),  which  would  absorb  £3,479,  leaving  £1,258  to  be  carried 
forward.  He  should,  perhaps,  point  out  that  the  sinking  fund  for 
the  redemption  of  the  debenture  stock  came  into  operation  on  the 
1st  inst.,  and  in  future  the  amount  re(iuired  for  that  purpose  each 
year  would  appear  as  a  debit  to  profit  and  loss  account,  and  would 
take  the  place  of  the  previous  debits  on  account  of  depreciation 
reserve,  because  to  all  intents  and  purposes  it  was  in  substitution  of 
that  charge.  He  thought  that  the  sharehoulders  would  agree  that, 
particularly  in  the  view  of  the  unsettled  weather,  the  net  result  for  this 
year  might  be  considered  satisfactory,  and  he  thought  their  thanks 
were  due  to  Mr.  Balfour  and  his  firm,  and  to  the  manager  at  Llan- 
dudno for  the  careful  superviision  which  had  been  exercised.  There 
was  one  further  point  which  he  would  like  to  mention  l)efore 
putting  the  resolution,  and  that  was  "Sunday  running."  He  was 
glad  to  tell  them  that  several  local  residents  and  visitors  to  North 
W'ales  had,  during  the  past  year,  approached  the  company  with 
regard  to  the  matter,  and  there  had  also  been  some  correspondence 
in  the  local  Press.  As  he  pointed  out  at  the  last  general  meeting, 
the  restriction  under  which  the  company  at  present  laboured  did 
not  affect  the  local  residents,  and  it  was  for  them  to  see  that  the 
great  need  for  that  service,  which  was  evidently  desired  by  many 
local  people  and  by  the  large  majority  of  the  visitors  to  Colwyn 
Bay  and  Llandudno,  was  clearly  impressed  upon  the  local  Councils, 
Mr.  a.  Balfour  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted. 

The  A.E.G.  Annual  Meeting-. 

The  recent  annual  meeting  of  the  A. E.G.,  as  previously  announced, 
sanctioned  the  proposed  increase  of  £1,250,000  in  the  share  capital 
to  £7,750,000.  Dr.  Walter  Rathenau,  who  presided,  stated  that  the 
augmentation  was  materially  influenced  by  the  great  pres«ure  of  new 
orders  which  could  only  be  carried  out  with  extreme  difficulty,  and 
it  was  therefore  necessary  to  extend  the  workshops.  In  reply  to 
questions,  it  was  mentioned  that  the  company  did  not  hold  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  the  shares  in  the  Berlin  Electricity  Works,  but 
the  company':*  interest  in  the  undertaking  was  exceptionally  great. 
The  real  problems  before  the   undertaking  applied  to   the  future  ; 


Vol.  72.   No.  i,«xi,JANUAKYi(.,  HUM.]    TlfK    KriKCTllICAL    HI'lVIl'.W. 


67 


It  was  no  longer  nieruly  a  liKhtinjf  etiterprlHC,  but  wuh  iilniuly  one 
for  the  supply  of  power  on  u  lar^'or  ecalo,  a?ul  it  wim  nubinitted  that 
tlu'  future  protcrnmmo  would  be  one  for  the  clcclriiiil  iiKKjrpornlidii 
of  the  suburbs  a)\il  the  province  of  Brandenburg,  within  the  «cope 
of  the  electricity  workH.  The  war  in  tho  HalkaiiH  hud  affected  the 
A. E.G.  comparatively  to  a  much  lens  extent  than  other  under- 
takiuKB,  an  the  UalkanH  were  not  reuUy  an  electrical  hinterland  for 
the  ccmpnny.  The  Constantinople  cxpieos  railway,  for  which  a 
concession  was  expected,  remained  an  important  project,  and  would 
presumably  bo  realistd  when  quiet  and  order  had  been  reestablinhed. 
Tho  company's  business  had  also  been  but  little  alTecttd  by  the 
Presidential  election  in  the  United  States.  The  chief  business  was 
with  South  America,  which  was  in  favourable  course  of  develop- 
ment, and  had  already  yielded  larire  orders.  Concerninp  the  Irans- 
octions  with  the  \ictorin  Falls  and  Tranbvaal  Power  Co.,  the  sijcaker 
stated  that  the  debentures  taken  over  by  tho  company  were  succees- 
fuUy  disposed  of  some  time  ajro.  The  sale  prices  for  manufactures 
had  not  become  worse,  but  rather  slightly  better.  It  was  added 
that  since  the  completion  of  the  annual  report,  the  position  of  orders 
and  turnover  had  increased  from  £1!»,.J.-.0,000  to  £22,850,000,  as 
compared  with  £18,l(Ki,000  at  tho  end  of  September,  1911. 


Continental  Electrical  Companies. 

'Jlie  Fahi-ik  Isolicr/er  Drti/ifr  iln.iuluted  Wire  Woilis,  late  C.  (J. 
Vdi/eO,  of  BerHii,  have  allocated  £6,r)00  to  depreciation  in  1911-12, 
as  contrasted  with  £r).300  in  1910-11.  It  is  intended  to  distribute 
13  per  cent,  on  the  share  capitftl,  this  comparing  with  11  per  cent. 
in  the  previous  year. 

The  Siemeiix  ElcMrixche  Betriebe  A.G.,  which  manages  a  number 
of  electricity  works,  earned  considerably  larger  gross  profits  in 
1911-12  than  in  the  previous  year.  As  net  profits  the  accounts 
•  indicate  the  sum  of  £.37,700,  as  against  £27,700  in  1910-11.  It  is 
proposed  to  pay  a  dividend  of  <ii  per  cent,  on  the  old  share  capital, 
as  in  the  prectdin;:  year,  whilst  the  new  capital  of  £250,000  will 
participate  to  the  extent  of  :^:i  per  cent,  for  the  year. 
^  The  Dftitsi-he  (laxgivhlicht  A.G.,  of  Berlin,  which  manufactures 
wire  lamps  as  well  as  incandescent  gas  lighting  appliances,  states 
that  the  Osrara  lamp  department  was  extended  during  1911-12, 
and  the  turnover  increased.  The  foreign  Osram  lamp  companies  in 
London  and  Paris  also  obtained  favourable  results,  although  the 
profits  were  not  included,  as  the  balance-sheets  had  not  yet  been 
closed.  The  net  profits  of  the  Berlin  company  were  £441.000,  as 
contrasted  with  £278,000  in  1910-11,  and  the  dividend  on  the 
ordinary  shares  is  at  the  rate  of  25  per  cent. 

I'he  A.d'.filr  Elektrhitiits  Anlat/en  (^Electrical  Invest ment  Co.),  of 
Berlin,  which  owns  various  central  stations,  as  well  as  being 
financially  interested  in  others,  reports  gross  profits  of  £61,000  in 
1911-12,  as  compared  with  £36,000  in  the  previous  year.  Including 
the  balance  forward,  the  net  profits  are  returned  at  £32,000,  as 
against  £32,000  in  1910-11,  and  a  dividend  of  8  per  cent,  has  been 
declared  on  share  capital  of  £350,000,  being  at  the  same  rate  as  in 
the  preceding  year.  During  the  year  the  extension  of  the  com- 
pany's scope  of  activity  necessitated  an  increase  of  £150,000  in  the 
share  capital,  whilst  at  the  same  time  a  4^  per  cent,  loan  of 
£300,000  was  also  raised  for  the  same  purpose. 

The  Elelttri.sche  Licht  iintl  Kraft-Anlai/e/i  A. G. (Light  anil  Power 
Investment  ('0.),  of  Berlin,  has  just  declared  a  dividend  at  the  rate 
of  7i  per  cent,  for  1911-12  on  the  ordinary  share  capital  of 
£1,500,000,  as  contrasted  with  7  per  cent,  in  the  preceding  year. 
According  to  the  directors'  report  presented  at  the  recent  general 
meeting,  most  of  the  undertakings  in  which  the  company  is 
interested  made  further  progress  during  the  year,  and  a  share  was 
also  taken  in  various  new  enterprises  having  a  promising  future. 
The  gross  profits  reached  £208,000,  as  against  £197,000  in  1910-11. 
After  defraying  general  expenses,  taxes  and  interest  charges  on 
the  loan  of  £1,181,000,  the  accounts  show  net  profits  and  balance 
forward  of  £136,000,  as  contrasted  with  £124,000  in  1910-11.  The 
payment  of  the  dividend  absorbs  £112,500,  the  reserve  fund 
receives  £12,900,  and  the  sum  of  £8,000  has  been  carried  forward. 
Among  the  list  of  advances  made  to  electrical  companies  appear  the 
names  of  two  English  undertakings. 

The  Telejihonfulrik  A.G.  rorm.  G.  Berliner,  of  IJanoeer,  reports 
thatthe  turnover  in  191 1-12  experienced  an  increase.  TheBuda-Pesth 
Co.,  whose  share  capital  is  held  by  the  Hanover  Co.,  was  satis- 
factorily employed  during  the  year.  Government  orders  also  showing 
an  advance  over  the  previous  year.  A  dividend  of  10  per  cent,  was 
proposed  by  the  Buda-Pesth  Co.,  as  compared  with  9  per  cent,  in 
1910-11,  and  that  company's  factory  was  in  full  operation.  The 
branches  of  the  Hanover  Co.  were  well  employed,  and  participation 
in  foreign  transactions  again  yielded  satisfactory  profits.  The  gross 
profits  from  sales  and  investments  amounted  to  £70,000,  as  con- 
trasted with  £64,000  in  1910-11.  After  meeting  general  expenses 
and  allocating  £12,000  to  depreciation,  as  against  £8,800,  the 
accounts  indicate  net  profits  and  a  balance  forward  of  £24.700,  as 
compared  with  £23,600  in  1 910-11.  It  is  intended  to  pay  a  dividend 
of  8  per  cent.,  being  at  the  same  rate  as  in  the  previous  year.  The 
share  capital  is  to  be  rafsed  by  £50,000  to  £260,000. 

Siemens  &  Halske. 

[The  inter- relation  ship  of    the  Siemens    &    Schuckert  Companies 
explains  the  mutual  references  and  information  contained  in  the 
annuil  reports  of  the  undertakings  forming  this  group.] 
Th9  report  of  Siemens  \  Halske,  A.G.,  for  the  year  ended  with 


July  itlhl,  1UI2,  HtttttM  that  n  coiiitidorabU  Hitnuion  of  the  under- 
takings of  tho  company  and  Hm  (froup  took  place  nod  the  iiuralinr 
of  oIllcialH  and  workmen  employed  by  the  ctjmpany  and  the  Hiriuenii- 
Sehiickert  WorkM  incriai-wl  from  tld.OOO  in  1910-1 1,  to  77,i/<jO  in 
191 112.  The  growth  wim  comparatively  tho  grmtent  in  'onriection 
with  the  (iermon  and  ItuM^ian  worki",  and  the  expenditure  on  plont 
correspondingly  advancul.  Thin  development  in  aMc.ociution  with 
the  comprehenMive  teehnical  progrens  rendered  neeecHary  a  very 
fully  connected  anrl  cxponsivu  organ  illation,  whilst  competition 
between  the  individual  flrinn  was  very  keen.  An  improvement  in 
this  respect  was  hoped  for  from  the  effect  of  the  Verband  I)enti<cber 
Eleklrotechniker,  which  had  already  been  KUcctiBful  in  many 
directions.  The  report  repudiate-' the  iilea  of  the  crtablii-hinent  of 
any  kind  of  monopolistic  structure.  A;*  to  the  (luestion  of  proflt« 
on  financial  transactions,  it  is  Heated  that  these  play  no  noteworthy 
part  in  the  company's  scope.  The  latter  had,  of  coune,  financially 
participated  in  individual  undcrtaking'i  or  created  such  enterprisei", 
but  as  a  rule  they  related  to  new  dcpartmentfi  which  re<|uired  to  be 
opened  up.  The  volume  of  orders  thereby  resulting  to  the  company 
and  also  from  some  companies  closely  associated  with  it,  only 
formed  a  comparatively  small  portion  of  the  total  turnover  of  the 
group.  A  considerable  increase  in  the  orders  was  obtained  for  all 
the  departments  at  the  Werner  Works,  and  an  extension  of  the  works 
had  become  necessary.  Among  the  orders  were  those  for  automatic 
and  semi-automatic  telephone  exchanges  for  Dresden,  Leipsig  and 
Rome,  as  well  as  an  extension  for  Munich  ;  and  the  Imf^erial  telegraph 
authorities  ordered  a  50-twin  telephone  cable  on  the  Pupin  system  for 
laying  between  Berlin  and  Magdeburg,  which  was  proposed  to  be 
extended  later  on  through  the  industrial  district  to  the  Rhine.  Two 
of  the  State  cable  lines  had  been  eijuipped  with  the  company's  new 
py.stem  of  high-speed  telegraphy,  and  it  was  expected  to  be  further 
introduced.  The  Wireless  Telegraphy  Co.  (Ges.  fur  Drahtlose 
Telegraphic)  had  made  further  progress,  and  bad  formed,  in  con- 
junction with  the  German-Netherlands  Telegraph  Co.,  the  German 
South  Sea  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  which  was  to  connect  the 
German  Colonies  in  the  South  Sea  with  the  world's  cable  system. 
Concerning  the  manufacture  of  incandescent  lamps,  the  report 
states  that  the  glow  lamp  factory  was  abundantly  provided  with 
orders,  and  the  new  wolfram  lamp  had  been  well  introduced, 
whilst  the  tantalum  lamp  maintained  its  special  value.  The  depart- 
ment for  railway  safety  appliances  experienced  an  increased  turn- 
over in  signalling  installations  and  accessory  apparatus,  and, 
among  others,  the  St.  Petersburg  branch  obtained  considerable 
orders  from  the  Russian  Government  for  the  Siberian  Railway. 
The  first  section  of  the  elevated  railway  in  Hamburg  was  set  in 
operation  on  February  15th,  1912,  and  the  whole  of  the  circle 
railway,  which  is  10'5  miles  long,  was  inaugurated  on  June  29tb, 
1912.  whilst  the  completion  of  the  branch  lines  was  being  con- 
tinued. The  accounts  show  the  following  results  for  the  two 
years : — 

1911-12.  1910-11. 

Share  capital      £3,150,000         £3,150,000 

Loan  capital       2,265,000  1,287,000 

Gross  profits       722,000  691,000 

General  expenses  75,000  53.000 

Interest  on  loans  60,000  51,000 

Depreciation       ...         20,000  22,000 

Net  profits  and  balance  forward       (■)20,000  616,000 

Dividends  378,000  378,000 

,,         percent.  ...  ...  12  12 

Carried  forward 63,0i)0  54,000 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  loan  capital  has  largely  increased,  the 
company  having  made  an  issue  of  £1,000,000  in  4i  per  cent,  bonds 
in  May  for  the  purpose  of  making  an  advance  to  the  Siemens- 
Schuckert  works.  The  sum  of  £100,000  has  been  placed  to  the 
special  reserve  fund,  as  against  £110,000  in  1910-11,  and  £17,5u0  to 
the  provident  fund,  as  in  the  previous  year,  whilst  the  bonuses  to 
officials  and  workmen  has  been  raised  from  £40,000  in  1910-11  to 
£45,000  last  year. 


SlE.MEXS-SCHUCKKRT    WeEKE. 

The  directors  state  in  their  report  for  1911-12  that  the  programme  of 
extensions  of  works  mentioned  a  year  ago  had  been  carried  out,  and 
the  extensions  in  the  meantime  had  been  brought  into  operation, 
unusually  large  expenditure  having  been  incurred  on  erection  and 
equipment  with  machinery  and  the  cost  of  removal.  Nevertheless 
the  arrival  of  orders  was  largely  in  advance  of  the  completion  of 
the  new  works,  and  extraordinary  endeavours  were  therefore  neces- 
sary in  order  to  comply  with  the  conditions  of  delivery.  Difficulty 
was  experienced  in  this  respect  owing  to  the  circumstance  that  it 
was  frequently  impossible  to  obtain  the  requisite  raw  materials  by 
the  proper  time.  It  was  therefore  all  the  more  noteworthy  that 
the  German  and  ex-German  works  delivered  ■  134.539  machines, 
motors  and  transformers,  of  a  total  of  3,737,674  u. p.  The  rising 
line  of  activity,  which  had  only  suffered  one  interruption  since  the 
formation  of  the  company,  took  the  same  course  in  the  past  year, 
and  this  explained  why  the  provision  of  additional  funds  in  rapid 
succession  had  to  receive  attention.  During  the  year  a  loan  of 
£1,000,000  was  obtained  from  the  two  proprietary  companies,  and 
the  amount  received  from  the  latter  in  ordinary  capital  and  loans 
was  now  £7,000,000.  The  proceeds  of  a  new  4i  per  cent,  loim  of 
£1,500,000,  which  was  issued  in  the  current  year,  were  intended  to 
further  strengthen  the  working  capital.  The  employment  pro- 
vided for  the  company  by  the  development  of  overland  central 
stations  was  very  considerable  as  a  result  of  the  energetic  enter 
prise  which  was  manifested  by  all  interested  in  that  department. 
The  works  were  well  occupied  on  deliveries  for  tramways,  light 
railways,   colliery  and   works'  railways,   the  elevated   and  under- 


68 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,    [voi.72.  no.  1,833,  januaby  10,  i9is. 


gronnd  railwayiJ  in  Berlin  and  Hambur^if  and  the  varions  StaU 
railways  proposed  to  be  converted  to  electric  traction.  The  fol- 
lowing items  are  extracted  from  the  accounts  for  the  past  two 
years  :— 

1911.12.        1910-11. 

Ordinary  capital £1,500,000      £4,500,000 

Terminable  loan 2,432,000         2,458,000 

Non-terminable  loan         2,500,000         1.500,000 

Gross  profits  1,048,000  913,000 

General  expenses 88,000  95,000 

Depreciation  60,000  50,000 

Net  profits  and  balance  for  ward...        673,000  671,000 

Reserve  fund  125,000  125,000 

Dividend      450,000  4.50,000 

,,        percent.  10  10 

Carried  forward     15,000  14,000 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  total  of  ordinary  and  loan  capital 
amounts  to  £9,432,000,  and  to  this  has  since  been  added  a  new  loan 
of  £1500,000,  niakiiifr  an  agrgrregate  of  £10,1132,000.  The  bonus 
granted  to  officials  and  workmen  in  1911-12  were  £65,000,  being  the 
same  amount  as  in  the  previous  year,  whilst  the  provident  fund 
received  an  addition  of  £17.500  as  in  1910-11.  The  report  mentions 
the  financial  interest  of  £425,000  taken  in  the  Bergmann  Electricity 
\\'orks  Co.,  and  states  that  this  event  is  not  to  be  considered  as  a 
step  in  the  direction  of  a  proposed  future  amalgamation. 

ElEKTRIZITATS   GeSELLSCHAIT   VOKM.   SCHtCKERT  &  Co. 

The  report  for  1911-12,  after  referring  to  the  financial  require- 
ments of  the  Siemens-Schuckert  Works  in  respect  of  a  further  loan 
of  £1,000,000,  states  that  the  company's  share  of  £500,000  of  that 
sum  was  provided  by  an  increase  in  the  share  capital  of  £".00,000  to 
£3,500,000,  the  premium  of  £1.">5,000  realised  on  the  issue  having 
been  placed  to  the  reserve  fund.  The  Austrian  Siemens-Schuckert 
Works,  of  Vienna,  were  well  employed  in  1911-12,  and  again  made  a 
distribution  of  6  per  cent.,  although  on  increased  share  capital,  whilst 
the  Russian  Schuckert  Co.,  which  was  compelled  to  extend  its  plant  in 
order  to  cope  with  the  growth  in  orders,  raised  its  rate  from  4  per 
cent,  in  1910  to  5  per  cent,  last  year,  and  had  since  resolved  to  make 
a  capital  issue  of  £100,000  to  £300,000.  The  report  proceeds  to 
deal  in  detail  with  other  undertakings  in  which  the  company  is 
interested  in  different  countries.  The  accounts  indicate  the  follow- 
ing results  for  the  two  years  : — 

1911-12.        1910-11. 

Share  cipital  £3,500.000      £3,000,000 

Loan  capital  1,785,000         1.855,000 

Gross  profits  428,000  362,000 

General  expenses 20,000  15,000 

Interest  on  loans...  79,000  82,000 

Depreciation  ...  783  100 

Net  profits  and  balance  forward  . . .        352,000  293,000     ■ 

Dividend      260,000  206,000 

,.        percent.  8  7i 

Carried  forward     62,000  62,000 

The  sum  of  £15,000  has  been  allocated  to  the  special  reserve  fund 
as  in  the  previous  year,  and  this  fund  now  stands  at  £45,000,  whilst 
the  ordinary  reserve  fund  has  been  raised  to  £485,000  by  the  addi- 
tion of  the  premium  realised  on  the  new  issue  of  shares.  The 
central  stations  under  the  company's  control  represent  £75,000,  and 
other  investments  £1.^*90,000,  but  it  has  not  been  deemed  necessary 
to  make  any  provision  for  depreciation  of  the  latter  during  the  past 
three  years. 


.Me.xico    Tramways    Co.,    Ltd. — The    directors    Lave 

declared  a  dividend  of  1  i  per  cent. 

Rritish  Coalite  Co.,  Ltd.— The  directors'  report,  as 
quoted  in  the  Fuirinrlfr,  states  that  the  loss  entailed  on  the  opera- 
tions for  the  12  months  to  September  30th  amounts  to  £11,192,  in 
comparison  with  £26,265  for  the  previous  year.  The  greater 
portion  of  this  loss  is  due  to  contracts  which  matured  during  the 
year,  and  which  could  not  previously  be  cancelled. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


T.csday  Evening. 
The  Stock  Exchange  markets  were  not  greatly  upset  by  the  various 
I)08tponement8  of  the  Peace  Conference,  although  the  ultimatum 
published  last  Saturday  morning  had  the  effect  of  disturbing  prices 
for  a  time.  The  view  is  now  taken,  however,  that  intervention 
by  the  Great  Powers  is  practically  assured,  and  on  this  theory 
prices  in  most  of  the  investment— aa  well  as  the  speculative — 
departments  have  quietly  improved. 

The  feature  in  the  Home  Railway  market  is  renewed  strength  in 
Metropolitans  and  D  stricts.  The  quotations  of  toth  went  up  with 
a  run  on  the  reassembling  of  the  markets  after  their  New  Year 
holiday,  and  the  only  reasons  which  dealers  could  find  to  explain 
the  sudden  jump  was  the  old  one  of  f-yndicate  buying.  This,  no 
doubt,  had  something  to  do  with  it  in  the  case  of  Districts,  while 
in  regard  to  Metropolitans  the  market  for  some  time  pa<it  has  been 
80  restricted  that  a  little  extra  demand  or  supply  has  sufficed  to 
move    the    price    sharply.     Central    Londons  and  City  k  South 


Londons  are  good,  and  there  has  been  some  improvement  in  East 
London  Ordinary,  attention  being  redirected  to  this  stock  on  a 
steady  rise  in  the  price  of  Great  Easterns.  With  the  dividend 
announcements  and  distributions  just  at  hand,  and  with  the 
prospect  of  money  becoming  a  little  easier,  it  is  not  surprising  that 
proprietors  of  Home  Railway  stocks  should  be  chary  about  selling 
at  present,  and  this  naturally  makes  for  strength  ia  the  market. 

The  Electricity  Supply  section  waits  upon  fresh  developtnents  in 
connection  with  the  linking-up  negotiations.  These,  it  is  said,  are 
by  no  means  broken  off  ;  and  in  anticipation  of  some  news  or  other 
becoming  available  before  long,  prices  of  the  principal  Electric 
Lighting  shares  are  holding  with  noticeable  steadiness,  having 
regard  to  the  probably  increased  costs  which  the  next  balance- 
sheets  are.  likely  to  show  in  consequence  of  the  rise  in  fuel  and  other 
items  of  expenditure.  The  winter  so  far  has  been  a  bad  one  from 
the  point  of  view  of  the  illumination  industries,  however  pleasant 
it  may  have  proved  to  those  who  suffer  from  fog.  Changes  on  the 
week  are  unimportant,  but  a  better  tone  in  City  L'ghts  deserves 
notice,  and  there  seems  to  be  an  idea  about  that  speculation  in  these 
may  be  renewed.  That,  however,  is  a  matter  which  only  the 
insiders  can  prophesy  with  any  attempt  at  accuracy. 

It  is  a  little  surprising  that  investors  should  not  pay  more  atten- 
tion to  the  4  i  per  cent.  Debenture  stock  of  the  Urban  Electric 
Supply  Company,  which  can  be  bought  in  the  market  at  about  86 J, 
with  dividends  payable  on  April  1st  and  Ojtober  1st.  The  amount 
required  every  year  for  the  service  of  the  stock  is  £13,380,  and  the 
net  profits  have  risen  steadily  from  £26,000  inil905  to  £47,600  in 
1911,  while  the  estimates  for  the  next  three  years  look  for  further 
increases.  The  Company,  of  course,  is  not  popular,  because  of  its 
recent  unhappy  history  :  and  it  is  still  in  debt  to  the  Edmundsons' 
Electricity  Corporation.  But  for  those  who  care  for  a  stock  that 
yields  a  steady  5  J  per  cent.,  with  a  chance  of  improving  in  value, 
Urban  Debenture  looks  reasonably  attractive. 

The  Latin  Canadian  group  shows  several  dramatic  rises.  Mon- 
treal Light,  Heat  and  Power  put  on  10  points.  Shawinigan  Water 
Common  has  risen  fl.  Brazilian  Traction  is  4  i  to  the  good.  A 
good  deal  of  strength  has  developed  in  Georgia  Light  and  Power 
shares  on  the  expectation  that  the  first  quarterly  dividend — at  the 
rate  of  4  per  cent,  per  annum — will  be  declared  in  March  or  April 
this  year.  A  bet  was  made  in  the  Stock  Exchange  the  other  day 
that  Gtorgias  would  be  75  before  the  year  is  out,  but  this  must  not 
be  taken  as  a  tip  to  buy  them. 

The  British  Columbia  Electric  Railway  issue  was  favourably 
received,  and  it  had  no  chastening  effect  upon  the  prices  of  the 
existing  securities — in  fact,  the  company's  Preferred  Ordinary  is 
up  1,  and  the  4{  per  cent.  First  Mortgage  Debenture  stock  rose  IJ. 
the  publication  in  the  prospectus  of  the  progress  which  the  com- 
pany has  made  during  the  past  half-decade,  evidently  directing 
fresh  notice  to  the  undertaking.  The  Mexican  group  is  strong, 
Mexican  Light  and  Power  Common  being  up  1  J,  while  the  Preferred 
and  the  First  Mortgage  Bonds  are  both  better.  Monterey  Fives 
improved  M.  Mexico  Trams  and  the  First  Bonds  gained  li  each, 
and  similar  rises  have  been  frequent.  The  Anglo-Argentine  Tram- 
ways group  is  steady.  Brisbane  Trams  Investment  Ordinary  are 
nominally  -i\  easier.     Victoria  Falls  Preferred  hardened  to  198.  6d. 

Perth  Electric  Trams  Debenture  spurted  5J  on  a  small  demand. 
River  Plate  Electricity  Common  shed  10  points,  there  being  fears  of 
reduced  earnings  in  consequence  of  competition. 

The  Telegraph  market  is  quiet,  with  comparatively  few  move- 
ments. Eastern  Ordinary  put  on  j,  and  Great  Northern  Telegraphs 
gained  a  similar  amount.  The  feature,  however,  is  the  strength  of 
West  India  and  Panama  Telegraphs  :  the  shares  enjoyed  a  sharp 
rise  on  the  attitude  taken  by  President  Taft  on  the  question  of  the 
Panama  Canal,  and  it  is  devoutly  hoped  that  some  arrangement 
more  beneficial  to  this  country  than  that  originally  proposed  will  be 
arrived  at  without  outside  intervention.  The  Preference  shares 
hardened  in  sympathy.  Western  Telegraphs  are  a  little  better,  and 
there  has  been  a  steady  demand  for  Anglo-Americans,  with  the 
result  that  the  Deferred  stock  at  262  shows  a  rise  of  the  fraction. 

Marconis  went  ahead  in  lively  mood  upon  the  news  that  the 
Brazilian  Government  had  concluded  an  important  contract  with 
the  company.  The  price  was  run  up  to  5-,'8,  from  which  there  was 
a  slight  recession,  and  the  shares  of  the  subsidiaries  moved  on  lines 
very  similar — that  is  to  say,  after  being  good  they  went  back  a 
little.  National  Telephone  Deferred  is  disposed  to  sag,  and  the 
quotation  shows  a  loss  on  the  week. 

In  the  Manufacturing  division,  Babcocks  hardened  to  3j^,  and 
the  armament  shares  generally  improved  upon  the  official  announce- 
ment of  the  Budget  for  1913,  with  its  provision  of  fifty  millions 
sterling  for  the  Navy.  The  Cable  Companies'  shares  are  better, 
British  Iniulatcil  and  Htnleys  both  f bowing  gains,  while  India- 
Rubbers  rose  10s.  to  \V\  middle.  The  Rubber  share  market  con- 
tinues to  exhibit  surprising  strength  and  vitality,  there  being  a 
big  volume  of  business  every  day,  and  little  present  indication  of 
its  slackening. 


Me.vioan  Light  and  Power  Co..  Ltd. — The  directors 

have   declared  a  dividend   of  1  per  cent,  for  the  quarter  ending 
December  31st  on  the  ordinary  shares: 

Prospect D8. — British  Colvmhia  Eliclrir  llaihray  Co., 
Ltd. — This  company  has  been  inviting  subscriptions  for  £750,000 
4]  per  cent,  perpetual  consolidated  debenture  stock  at  98  per  cent. 
The  proceeds  are  to  be  devoted  to  extensions  and  general  purposes 
of  the  company,  which,  as  the  last  annual  report  showed,  is 
developing  at  a  remarkable  rate.  The  list  was  to  close  on 
Wednesday. 


Vol.72.  No.  i,83;t,  JANUARY  10,  19111.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


69 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELECTRICAL     COMPANIES. 


ENfil.Isn    ELEriRICITV    SI  PPLY    AND    POWER    COMFAMrs. 


Bonrnemonth  A  Poole,  Old.     .. 

1)0.    44%Pref 

Do.    fiocond  6  %  Prot. 

Do.    4i  %  Dob.  filook  . . 
Brompton  ik  KennlngtoD,  Ord... 

Do.    1  %  Cum.  Prof 

Central   Klootrlo  Supply,  1  %  | 

Quar.  Deb.  I 

Charing  Ctobb,  Woat  End  4  City 

Do.    4i%Cum.  Pret 

Do.     "  City     Undertaking  "  1 
H  %  Cum.  Prer.  / 

Do.  Do.  4%  Deb 

CbelBoa,  Ord.         

Do.    4i%Dob 

City  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    li%Deb 

Do.    ti  %  Booond  Deb. 
County  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Do,    4i  %  Second  Deb. 
F'dmundson'B,  Ord. 

1>3.    6%  Com.  Prof 

Pn.     r.'V,  Non-Cuin.  Pref. 

Uo.    4t  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . . 
Folkestone 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4i%Flcg|Deb 

BoTa 


10 
10 
10 
Stock 
fi 
0 
100 


10 

10 

Stock 

too 

10 

10 

Stock 

Stnrk 


lllTldondi 
for 


ClonlnK 
Quotntlnnn 


Rise 

f  or 
Fall 


M-  lOA 
83-    9 

10  -  10 

fo  -  (ms.l 

U-l' 

rr.  -  08 

a-  ^^ 

ii-   ii 

:i4-    4j!xd 

Wi  —  PI 

i\  -    r, 

rii  -  !iii  \<\ 

Ifi  -   18 

H  -  |:i.'.    ■ 

ir,    -uo 

'.iiij  -ii  1 

lU-    1-.! 
11  -   I'ji 

104  — IC.")  x,l      -t  1 

m  -101 


4  -  i; 

U-  Ii 

84  —  BV 

4ji-  tj 
4ii-  PJ 
09  —  B5 
74-     8 


Present 
rield 
p.c. 


M  t.  d. 

S    4  0 

4  13  4 

R  14  8 

111  n 

t>    8  I 

8  17  1) 


4  17    7 
4  14     U 


4  r,  1 

5  0  0 

4  10  n 

4  '.I  0 

4  !l  0 

4  H  I 
«  tl  1 

5  0  0 

4  la  n 

4  4  II 

4  8  8 


6    8  « 

B  17  1 

4  17  7 

4  14  » 

6  I'J  U 


Kensington  A  Knigbtabrldgo,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  Elco.  Power,  4J  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Electric,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    4  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    . . 
Metropolitan  

Do.    44  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    41  %  Klret  Mort.  Deb,  . 

Do.     84%  Mort.  Dob 

Midland   Electric  Corporation  I 

44  %  First  Mort.  Dob.  i 

Newoastle-on-Tyne  6  %  Pref.,  I 

Non-Cam.  I 

North  Metropolitan  Power  Bop-  1 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  J 

Notling    Hill,   6%NonCnm.  1 

Pref, ) 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    84  %  Deb 

BraitbBefd  Markets,  Ord. 
South  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    . . 
South  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref.. . 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    44  %  First  Mori.  Deb.  . . 
Westminster,  Ord, 

Do.    44%  Cam,  Pret 


Stoek 

Difldsnd 

Share. 

for 

• 

ini 

lOU. 

» 

U 

HI 

Stock 

1 

4 

Btock 
8 

Ji 

H 

6 

H 

6 

Stock 

4 

4 

6 

4 

<t   ! 

{ 

!) 

4 

Btocli 

4  ; 

Stooh 

8i 

8 

100 

4» 

H 

B 

6 

6 

1     100 

B 

6 

1      10 

6 

R 

i 

7} 

f.l 

1        B 

■  0 

ICI    i 

B 

7 

7 

<     100 

«4 

Hi   J 

6 

•; 

4 

5 

100 

B 

h 

1 

7 

7 

MX) 

t« 

1. 

t.i 

Nil 

8 

Ii 

1 

lUO 

H 

4« 

B 

10 

P| 

B 

44 

H 

Uloslni  Kite  1  Pr«t«n 
Qanlallono  ,  4-  or  ?i«.i 
J«ii.7lh.     ,  PbII       p.e. 


7»-    B»      ' 
82  —  96 
78-83        I 

4j-    64    • 
HS  — 81 

811-  n 

t'„—  4,'.  xdl 
1.7  — K«  xi  ' 
Kl  —  86  xd 
97  -  9J  xd 

41-    41 

984-1C14 
95  -  lOi Id 

«8 


64 
94-  l"l 

«*-    71 
t^l  -  67,T.l 

32-  Fa 

'i;  —  09  xd 
If,-  1,°, 
.6-99 

■itZ    84 
-.",  —  BH 
KJ-    9i       I 
ii  -     fiMl 


I  4  ■.  d. 

6  19  n 

4     I  8 
6    9k 
a  It 
6  It 

4  <>  0 
6    8  .< 

5  1  '. 


4  17 
4  10 
4     i 


6    9 
4  II 


COLONIAL  AND  FOREIGN  ELECTRICITY  SUPPLY  AND  POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pref. 
Calcutta,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  1st  Mort.  Eds,  100 

Canadian  Oen,  El.  Com.  . .   !  $100 

Do.    7%  Pref glOli 

Cordoba  lit..  Power  andT., Ord.  1 

Do.    6%  Deb 100 

Bleo.Lt.andP.  ofCoohabambs,  I  i    ,«, 

8  %  Bonds  (  t     '™ 

Bleo,  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  Ist  1  '    ,„. 

Mort.  Deb.  (       '™ 

Blec.  De,.  Ontar.^,^  B  _  |^  Ut }     ^^ 

Kalgoorlie  Eleo.  P.  and  L.,  Ord.  10/ 
Do.    6%  Pref 

Kaministiqaia  Power,  E  %  G,  Bs.      $500 

Madras,  Ord.  

Melbourne,  6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb. 

Mexican  El.  lL  E  %  Ist  M.  Bds. 

Mexican  Lt.  (&  Power,  Common      SlOO 

Do.    7%  Cum.  Pref «100 

Do.    6  %  lat  Mort.  Gkild  Bds, 


8 

R 

8A 

71 

b 

A 

6 

B 

7 

7 

7 

7 

S 

ri 

5 

5 

6 

' 

B 
6 

6 
B 

Nil 

8 

6 

B 

E 

Nil 

6 

S 

B 

B 

4 

41 

7 

7 

6 

6 

RJ-    56 

B    fi    8 

Hi-   74 

6  19    4 

M;;-   N'.. 

4  16    5 

il'.'i-    94.1  Ml 

B    fi  10 

11.5  -Uil   xd 

4  2 

E  17    8 

118  -12a 

6  14    9 

}i~  r. 

5    6    8 

"b  -  nfi 

6    2    0 

vj  -  514 

•• 

B    7    8 

tS   -    III     xO 

-I  J 

r>  10  0 

95  -  !I7 

-    i 

5    3    7 

A-    A 

Nil 

,\-  n. 

8  14    6 

1(2  -104  xd 

4  16    2 

14-     2 

100  -103  xd 

4  17     1 

f  5  -  S7  xd 

6  15    0 

85  -  f7 

+  1* 

4  12    6 

10.'.  - 107 

+  1 

6  10  10 

E6  -  98 

41 

5    2    0 

Monterey  BIy.  Light  i  Power, ) 

E  %  iBt  Mort.  Deb.  I 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power   . . 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal,  I 

6  %  Ist  Mort.  Bonds  I 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    B  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Boy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  ) 

let  Mort.  Deb. ) 

Shawlnigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    B  %  Con.  iBt  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per.  Deb 


Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb. 

~         ~         "  i.,  P.  and  T.,  B  %  1 

Ist  Mort.  Deb.  / 


Vera  Cruz  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  B  < 


Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 

West  Eootenay  Power  and  Lt.,  | 

Ist  Mort.  6  %  Qold  { 


100 

B 

B 

»100 

8 

9) 

\  »500 

E 

5,.  j 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

6 

6 

Do. 

6 

B     . 

100 

a 

*i  : 

«100 

6 

6 

J500 

5 

6 

Stock 
Do. 

11 

tl: 

100 

6 

6 

1 

iljd. 

w- 

too 

6 

t 

-527 

-in 

-103 
-ICO 
-lf3 


4    14 
+  10 


lis-    1 
1034  -1064 


6  11 
3  14 


4  18  0 

4  10  0 

3  5  7 

4  18  K 
4  7  10 
4  10  0 

6    6 


TELE6RAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amason  Telegraph 

Do.    B%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  &  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do.    CoUat.  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    Del 

Anglo  ■  Portuguese    Tel.,  6  %) 
Mort.  Deb.  / 

CbUl  Telephone 

Oommeroial  Cable,  Stig.  4%  Deb. 
Onba  Telegraph 

Do.    10  %  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.     10  %  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %l 
Reg.  Deb.  / 
Bastem  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do.    84%  Pref.  Stock.. 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Bastem  Extension 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  B.   Airica  Tel.  4  %) 
Mt.  Db.  Mauritiui^  Bub.  J 
Qlobe  Telegraph  md  Trust 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Great  Northern  Telegraph 
Indo-European  Telegraph 
Uackay  CompanieB  Common  . . 

Do.    4%  Cum.  Pref 

Umrocnl's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    T  %  Cam,  Partio.  Prel. 


10 

* 

Stock 

B 

$100 

8 

$1000 

4 

Stock 

8 

(    Do. 

H 

Do. 

80/. 

100 

B 

6 

7 

Stock 

4 

10 

6 

1       10 

10 

6 

4 

E 

10 

10 

6 

100 

«i 

Stock 

7 

Do. 

84I 

Do, 

4 

10 

7 

Stock 

4 

9S 

4 

10 

8 

10 

H 

10 

18 

36 

13 

$100 

6 

$100 

4 

1 

30 

I 

17 

4il 


7-7. 

£6  —  9S 
1414— 143*  xd 

914—  934  xd 

67  -  69 
IIIJ-II2:; 

26J—  26* 

102  —104 

74—    7v  xd 
80  —  82    xd 

8J-  94 
16  -  17 

."i-    3-^ 

6X-    7 

99  —101 
7)  j  1334-13C.S 


+  i 


79 

96^-  984 
13-  134 
96  —  98 

98  —  101 

irg  -  102 

12J-  12° 
28  —  30 

66  —  68 
85-88 

67  —  70 
J;  —    5 

ii-   ^ 


+   i 


+  i 


6    0    0 

6    2    0 

5  11     6 

4    5    7 

4    7    0 

6     6    5 

6  15    r, 

4  16    3 

6    3    3 

4  17    7 

6    6    4 

5  17    8 

5    6    8 

7    2  10 

6  1.5     7 

4    9    0 

5    2    7 

4    8    7 

4    1    S 

6    8    8 

4    1     8 

3  19    8 

5  10    4 

4  13    2 

6    0    0 

6  12     1 

6  13    8 

6  14    4 

4    0    0 

3  15    7 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

National  Telephone  Def. 

New  York  Telep.,  4*%  Gen.  Bnds. 

Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo. 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref.    .. 

Do.    4  %  Bed.  Deb.      . . 
PaoiSc  and  European  Tel.,  4  % 
Guar.  Debs. 

Beuter's       

Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  %  I 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  Biver  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to  1,6001 

guar,  by  Braz.  Bub.  Tel.  J 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Ist  Pref. 

Do,    6  %  Cum.  3nd  Pref. 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

6 

61   i 

1 

6 

e 

stock 

8 

100 

ill 

*f, 

1 

H 

6t 

1 

fi 

fi 

Stock 

t 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

ID 

lot 

Cert. 

6 

6 

Stock 

a 

*4 

B 

8 

J 

5 

6 

6     ! 

34 

84 

100 

4 

4 

10 

34 

I4f 

10 

6 

tt 

10 

6 

6 

100 

E 

6 

10 

7 

7t 

Stock 

4 

4 

$1000 

H 

4* 

if?- 

136  - 
979- 
1^4- 
lA- 
87  - 


li^. 


Isb 
8)  xdi 


lOi- 
127  - 

97  - 

6,fl- 
lA- 
95  - 
3A- 

101  - 

1S4' 

94  - 

97' 


9      x.l 

m 

6,'iid 

-  li.i 

-  fKxd 

-  3  . 

-  in* 

-  10 
-103  xd 

-  If; 

-  66'  xd 
1004 


6  18  0 
6  18    6 

4  ii    3 

4  9  10 
4  18  6 
4  8  11 
4    0    0 


—  i  :  9    6 


4  12 
4  10  1 


6  11 
6    U 

17 


+  i     6    a    9 
.."      4     3    4 

4-4      4  10    0 


Unless  othervise  stated,  all  shares  are^ull;  paid.  o  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants.  t  Interim  Dividend. 


Ss.  in  Funded  Dividend  Cerle 


CONTI^^UED    ON     NEXT    PAGE. 


70 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW-    [Voi.  73.  no.  i.ssh,  jamjaby  10, 1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OF    ELECTRICAL    COmTANlES.-iConHm^d.) 

ELECTBIC  RAILWAYS  AND   TKAMWATS.— HOME. 


HAHB, 


B«lh  Ttvdb,  Pnl.  Old 

Do.    6%Pref 

Do.    4i%Dob 

Brit.  Elec.  Tr»«,,  6  %  Pref.     . . 

Do,        Do,  Deferred 

Do.        Do.  6%Cum.Pr'f. 

Do.  7%NonCum.  Pr'l. 

Do.  6  ? ,  Perp.  Deb.      . . 

Do.  44  %  and  Deb.       . . 

Oentral  Ijoodon  Railway,  Ord, 

Do.    PreJ 

Do.    De( 

Do.    4%  Deb 

City  ft  BoDtb  London,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref.,  1891     .. 

Do.         Do.         1896    .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1908    .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Dublin  United  TramB,  6  %  Prel. 
Great  Northern  &  City,  Pr'f .  Ord 
Bastings  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 


Do.    4i%Deb. 
Ble  of  Tba 


banet  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Eleo.  Railw'ys,  4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trams,  (  %  Pref. 

Do.  4%  Deb 


Blook 


I 

I 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 
100 
100 
10 
100 


DlTldends 
lor 


1911. 
Nil 

s 

44 


Olostng 

Blse 

PTesenl 

Qnotatlons 

+  or 

Tield 

Jan. 7th. 

FaU 

P.O. 

M  B.   d. 

J=    iSxd 

NU 
6    B    1 

tF-81 

6  11    1 

Hi-  18J 

6—7 

87  —  90 

6  13    4 

an  —  42 

.. 

92-96 

6    4    2 

T7-81 

6    7    2 

82  —  84 

8  U    6 

83-86 

4  14    2 

83  —  85 

■tl 

a    7    1 

88  -100  xd 

4    0    0 

B6J-  37J 

+  i 

8  13    4 

109  -111 

4  10    1 

109  -111 

4  10     1 

109  -lil 

,, 

4  10    1    > 

109  -111 

,^ 

4  10    1 

98-100 

4    0    0 

12  -  18 

4  12    4 

2J—    2| 

Nil 

a-  ii 

8    6    8 

69-  74 

6    1     7 

24-    28 

4  15    3 

76  —  80  xd 

6    0    0 

78  -  80  xd 

6    5    0 

96  —  97  xd 

+  1 

4    2    6 

B  -    6 

69  -  72  xd 

6  11     1 

VAMa, 


MetropoUtan  BaUway  Consol. . . 
Do.    Borploa  Landa    . . 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Do.    8)  %  Pref 

Do.    8*  %  C!on.  Pref 

Metropolitan  Distrlot  Ord. 

'     ,Deb 

Deb 

J  Prior  Lien    . . 
I  %  First  Pref 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    Del 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    4i%Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i  %  Deb 

Boutb  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Underground     Eleo.    Railways 

Do.    •'  A  " 

Do.    6%  FirBt  Cam.  Inc.  Deb, 

Do.    4i  %  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Riding),  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    41%  Deb 


^^^   DlTldende 


Oloeing 

Blae 

Quotations 

+  or 

Jaj).7th. 

Fall 

641-  65i 

+  13 

62  —  64 

68  —  90 

+  1 

85  —  87 

94  —  85 

m-  -13+ 

+  l!i 

189  -141  xd 

93  —  95  i:d 

99  -101 

89  —  91 

+  1 

76  —  7fl 

l,"»-    1."!, 

^*~      l" 

i  —      i 

01  -  98  :d 

94  —  97 

,, 

^-  it 

85-88 

ik-    li 

85  —  7U  xd 

46-  a 

+  i 

ii-    ii 

+  A 

111  -113 

98  -100  xd 

94  -    95 

+  14 

3  —    b!  xd 

77  —  81  xd 

Present 
Yield 

P.O. 


KLECTBICAL   RAILWAYS   AND   TRAMWAYS.-COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  lit  Pret,     .. 

Do.    Ind  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Aaokland  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Elec.  8.  i  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6  %  and  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light"  and  ) 

Power  / 

Brisbane  Trams  Inrt.,  Ord,     . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B.  Oolombia  Eleo.  BI7.,  Def.    .. 

Do.    Prel.  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    44  %  1st  Mort.  Deb.      . . 

Do.    44  %  Vancoaver  Deb.    . . 

Do.    4j%  Con.  Deb 

Calcutta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.     6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trama 

City  Bqcqos  Aires  Trama  (1904) 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Eleo.  Tr.  &  Lt.,  5%  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Ealgoorlie  Flee.  Tranu  . . 

Do.     6%  A  Deb 

Do.    6%BD«b 


6 
5 

§1 

l\ 

100 

4 

4 

100 

4 

*i 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

10 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

100 

6 

6 

SlOO 

6 

8 

8t 

6 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

100  - 

8 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

40 

*i 

4 

100 
100 

Jt 

4 
4 

6 

7 

5t 

6 

6 

6 

100 

1 

^ 

44 

6 

6 

6t 

100 

6 

6 

100 

B 

R 

tiooo 

6 

6 

1 

Nil 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

3 

43  —    5  xd 
4 A-  4fgxd 

92  —  94  xd 

97  —  99  xd 

98  —  100 
101  —103  xd 

114-  12i 

96  —  98  xd 

97  —  99  xd 

98  — 1(X) 

6|-    73 
4J-    Hi 

99  -102  xd 
139  -144 
119  —123 

107  —110 
100  —103 

108  —105 
97  —100 

65—    6i 
4*S-6Axd 
97  —100 
3-     I 

67  —100  xd 

93  —  97 
99  —108 

A-      * 

88  —  88  xd 
80  —  40 


6  10    0 

5  14    8 

4    5     1 

4  10  11 

5    0    0 

1  17    1 

4  18    0 

4  11  10 

r,   1    0 

+  ■»! 

-iV 

6    8    6 

4  15    3 

4    8    3 

6  11    2 

+  1 

4  17    7 

4  10  11 

+  14 

4    7    6 

4    6    9 

4    S    0 

+  i 

6  12    0 

4  17    7 

4  10    0 

4    8    0 

6    0    0 

6    E    1 

4  17    1 

Nil 

6  IS    8 

La  Plata  Elec.  TrmB,  Ord. 

Do.    Prel 

Lisbon  Elec.  Trama,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  . . 
Manaos  Trams  &  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Eleo.  R.and  Ltg.,  Bonda 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Qen.  Con.  6  %  Bonda    .. 

Do.    6%  Bonds 

Para  Eleo.  Blys.  &  Lt.,  Ord.     . . 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W.A.)  Eleo.  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%lBt.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Sup.,  Pref. .. 

Do.    44%  1st  Deb 

Riode  Janeiro  Trams,  UtMort.  I 
5  %  BondB  I 

Do.    6  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Sao  Paulo  Tram,   Lt,  and  P.  1 
6  %  1st  Deb.  , 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Southern  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  6  %  Deb. 
Un.  Eleo.  Trams  Monte  video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  iBt  Deb 

Winnipeg  Bleo.  Rly.,  44  %  Deb, 


1 

Nil 

1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

6t 

1 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

5 

6 

100 

6 

6 

tiooo 

6 

6 

•100 

7 

V 

6 

h 

100 

6 

6 

6 

10 

lot 

6- 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

1 

6 

64 

100 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

100 

41 

44 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

t&oo 

6 

B^ 

100 

B 

6 

100 

6 

6 

6 

7 

fit 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

ih-      ii 

H-    1 

,, 

r-  li 

1  -    IJ  xd 

91  —  95  xd 

101  -102 

+  2 

87  —  90  xd 

112J— 114i 

x\t 

97i-  994 

ion*— 102*  xd 
7J-    7t 

,, 

5-    64 

98-100 

+  4 

1A-1J4 

ina  -lOti  xd 

4.'>i 

B«-    5gxd 

97  —  99  xd 

100  -103  xd 

964-  984 

1024-1044 

+  i 

82  —  85 

96  —  98 

+  1 

W.-    6 

4j-    ti 

99  -103 

99  -102 

MANUFACTURING  COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Baboook  A  Wilooz 

Do.    Pref.  

British  Aluminium,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Prel 

Do.    B  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  Stk 

B.I.  it  Helsby  Cables      .. 

Do.    Prel.  

Do.    Deb 

British  Thomson-Bouston,  Deb. 
British  Westingboose,  Pref.    .. 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien    . . 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do.     Pref 

Brush,  7%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     . . 

Do.    41%Deb 

Do.    44  %  Seoond  Deb.  • 
Callender's  Cable 

Do.     Fref •      .. 

Do.     Leb 

Castner-Kellner    .. 

Do.    Deb 


1 
100 
100 
6 
6 
100 
100 


100    ' 
100    I 

1 

1 

100    I 
100    I 

100   ; 


100 

1 

100 


6 

« 

6 

SH 

14t 

6 

6 

Nil 

6 

6 

6 

6 

10 

81 

6 

6 

^. 

i 

4 

4 

e 

6 

Nil 

Nil 

B 

6 

^ 

a 

16 

lot 

6 

6 

44 

44 

80 

20 

«4 

44 

4^   ii 

ih 

8    0    0    1 

7    7    8 

8,^!,-  8^, 

la-ii 

4  14    0 
4    0    0 

I-    * 

J»-    H 

,. 

89  -  93  xd 

5    8    8 

86-89 

6  12    4 

'^t\ 

+  4 

6    8    1 
4  14     1     1 

102  -104  xd 

4    6    7 

94  —  96 

i  18    9 

e-    i 

NU 

68  —  6!  xd 

6  11    2    ! 

100—108 

6  16    6 

ai-si- 

Nil 

4/6-6;- 

NU 

0-      i 

NU 

78  —  78  xil 

6    8    2 

47  —  62 

8  13    2 

28  —  82  xd 

14    1     4 

10*-  llj 

6  IS    4    1 

4J-    6  Id 

6    0    0: 

97  —100  xd 

4  10    0    , 

81-    SJ 

5    6    8' 

106  -109 

4    2    7 

I  Crompton  A  Oo 

Do.    Deb 

Dlok,  Eerr 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

EdiBon  &  Swan,  A,  £3  paid 

Do,    fully  paid  .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Do.    6  %  Seoond  Deb. 
Electric  Construction     ,. 

Do.     Pref. 
Qreenwood  &  Batley,  Pret. 

Do.    Deb 

(general  Electric,  Pref.  . , 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Prel 

Do.    Deb 

India-Bubber,  Q.  A  T,    . . 

Do.    Prol 

Telegraph  Construotion.. 

Do.    Deb 

WlUanB  A  Bobinaon 

Do,    Fref 

Do,    Deb 


100 
100 


100 
10 

100 
6 
6 

100 


12 

100 

1 

6 

100 


»-   i 

53i-  B5i|Xd 

1z  i* 

95  —  98  xd 

i-    a 

1  -  li 

64  —  68  xd 

72-75 

f-    lA 

1  -    2 

7—8 

92  —  04 

93-  10=  xd 

90-96 

124—  13J 

+  } 

44-    6* 

+A 

101  -103 

.. 

10  -  Uxd 

+  4 

9  —  10    xd 
84-86 

96  —  98   xd 

tz  t 

67  —  69 

Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  foUy  paid,     i  Interim  dividend. 


Bank  rate  of'Dlscount  5  per  cent.,  October  17th,  1912. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8S3.  JANUARY  10,  1913.]    TTTE    ELECTllK^AL    Kl^lVIEW. 


71 


INVENTORY    OP    PLANT    IN    MUNICIPAL 
ELECTRICITY    WORKS. 


Bv  "INTIOIJESTKD.' 


•  I  WAM'  an  iiiveuLory  of  nil  piiiiit,  installed  purchased  from 
cii|>itiil,  k)j,'f?tlicr  with  a  ccrtiliciitc  sifjiicd  hy  the  engineer, 
statinj,'  that  the  whole  is  in  coniiniBBioii  and  of  useful  service 
us  means  of  prolit  eiirnin}^."  A  tall  order  that  ;  and  there 
is  mores  in  it  than  meets  the  eye  at  lirst  glance,  too.  It  is 
one  of  the  latest  reiiuests  made  liy  oui'  old  friend,  Mr. 
Auditor,  for  a  certified  detailed  .statement  of  the  value  of 
plant  actually  in  commission,  and  not  merely  of  scrap  value 
only.  In  reality,  the  request  amounts  to  a  guarantee  that 
machinery,  boilers,  auxiliary  apparatus,  mains,  switchgear, 
&c.,  are  not  standing  idle  awaiting  the  precise  moment  when 
their  particular  loan  is  redeemed,  in  order  to  be  relegated  to 
the  scrap  heap. 

In  most  sUitions  owned  by  local  authorities  the  absence  of 
detail  records  in  the  early  period  of  their  existence  accen- 
tuates the  ditliculty  now  experienced  in  preparing  a  true 
statement  of  the  whole  capital  expenditure  in  detail,  and 
likewise  that  of  allocating  exjienditure  to  each  separate  mort- 
gage. ■  Speaking  generally,  loans  have  ever. been  increasing; 
repayments  havi'  been  made  over  varying  periods  at  many 
difterent  rates  of  interest ;  and  occasionally  here  and  there 
small  loans  have  been  redeemed,  more  through  force  of 
circumstances  than  otherwise.  Some  works  have  plant  in- 
stalled purchased  from  revenue  and,  perhaps,  small  floating 
balances  of  loans  on  account  of  plant  scrapped,  in  order  to 
make  room  for  that  purchased  from  revenue.  Mr.  Auditor 
requests  all  these  transactions  properly  and  clearly  set  out  in 
tabulated  form. 

In  some  cases  a  systematic  balancing-up  for  the  purpose  of 
preparing  a  detailed  summary  of  capital  account  reveals  the 
necessity  for  immediately  writing  off  numerous  small  out- 
standing amounts.  This  procedure  is  caused  by  the  fact 
that  goods  for  which  loans  have  been  taken  up  cither  cannot 
be  justly  certified  as  useful  prolit-earning  units,  or  have 
entirely  disappeared  owing  to  \  arious  causes. 

What  seems  now  to  be  imperative  is  a  cleai-,  lucid,  up-to- 
date  statement  of  capital  expenditure  and  redemption  made 
up  from  the  commencement  of  the  undertaking.  Just  how 
this  should  be  done,  and  the  best  manner  of  showing  the 
present  state  of  affairs,  is  rather  a  vexed  question.  In  this 
short  article  I  propose  illustrating  one  method  for  canying 
out  the  work,  which  may  prove  of  use  to  not  a  few  readers. 

The  whole  matter  is  in  the  form  of  a  book  printed  and 
ruled  after  the  fashion  illustrated  below.  This  is  in  actual 
use  in  a  certain  London  station,  and  will,  I  think,  with 
little  alteration,  prove  suitable  for  many  others.  The  pattern 
runs  riglit  across  each  opening,  and  a  four-letter  index  at  the 
front  of  the  book  serves  the  purpose  of  enabling  any  par- 
ticular item  to  be  found  without  delay.  In  the  pattern 
shown  a  few  imaginary  figures  are  filled  in  for  the  purpose 
of  explanation.  As  .will  be  seen,  entries  are  made  and  a 
balance  shown  annually,  so  that  once  the  bulk  of  information 
is  collated,  very  little  time  is  needed  to  keep  the  record  up 
to  date.  The  right-hand  side  of  the  illustration  is  really  of 
a  revenue  nature,  but  serves  the  purpose  of  showing  the 
amount  expended  over  and  above  depreciation,  i.e.,  repayment 
of  capital,  so  that  the  true  value  of  the  plant  as  it  stands  can 
be  ascertained  (see  illustration  No.  ]). 


The  repaint  and  maintcoance,  or  revennc,  side  of  an  nnd<;r- 

taking  is  one  alVccting  tlie  engineering  stafT  g(;nerally,  snd 
the  "Chief"  in  particular.  lie  it  is  who  frcijuently  requmtH 
information  res|x:cling  rcfmini  executed  upon  the  difTerent 
filant  units  of  whi(;h  the  whole  works  is  cnniposcl.  In  order 
U)  1)(:  in  a  p((nition  to  pres<:nt  such  information  imim.-diat'ly 
it  is  called  for,  without  unnecfSKary  delay  and  a  huniwl  search 
through  inimtncruble  iog-lKJoks,  cheels,  i"i.<-.,  a  syHi^smatic 
entry  of  important  breakdowns,  rej)airH  and  replacements  is 
obviously  necessary  :  not  simply  a  conglomeration  of  foolscap 
sheets  of  writing  and  figures  arranged  in  no  partii:ular  order, 
with  an  index  noticeable  by  its  absence,  but  a  Himjile,  quick 
and  ready  means  of  recording  occurrences.      Such  a  sysiem 

Dksckiption  of  Plant:  No.   12    B.    k  W.     Boii.kk   Fittkd 
wiTu  Mechanical  Stokebh. 

Nob.  aDd  Marks.  BR.  12  &  12a. 


Date. 

Work  oaUlDg  for 
attention. 

B-inC'f 
initials 

Date. 

Work  done. 

Remark.,  p",^'* 

23/1/12 

Left-hand      fur- 

ti to 

Boiler       cleaned 

Tested 

nace        arch 

9/2/12 

out. 

and 

wants        re- 

Wire      brush 

found 

pairing 

A..  P. 

through  tubes. 

all  O  K. 

4/2/12 

Plug:    of     blow- 

B.D.   cock   over- 

down cock  leak- 

hauled     and 

5  p.m. 

ing. 

J.  W. 

repacked. 
New  gauge  glass 
protectors 
fitted. 
Brickwork  L.H. 
arch  rpp»irp(1. 

'J/2/12. 

J.  R. 

No.  2. 

should  be  arranged  so  that  anyone  can  refer  thereto  easily 
and  quickly,  and  find  there  briefly  described  all  work  of  much 
account  in  the  nature  of  repairs,  replacements,  renewals  and 
alterations  made  from  time  to  time.  Also  there  should  be 
added  notes  of  any  work  calling  for  attention  at  the  first 
possible  opportunity. 

I  do  not  suggest  that  every  minute  detail  is  or  should  be 
recorded,  but  merely  work  of  sufficient  size  and  importance, 
reference  to  which  at  any  later  time  might  conduce  to  a  saving 
in  time  or  material.  In  oi'der  to  afford  a  clear  illustration  let  me 
take  a  concrete  example  by  way  of  explanation.  A  battery 
of  say  five  boilers  is  "off"  for  some  trivial  repairs,  opix)r- 
tunity  being  taken  at  the  time  to  clean  them  internally.  Whilst 
it  is  impossible  thoroughly  to  overhaul  the  five  boilers  in  such 
a  short  period,  there  are  most  likely  a  few  points  which  require 
examination,  and  time  and  worry  will  be  saved  by  reference  to 
notes  (which  would  be  found  in  the  below-mentioned  system) 
in  order  to  obser\'e  those  few  important  details  demanding 
attention.  A  casual  examination  will  suffice  generally  for 
other  points  provided  the  annual  period  for  thorough  exami- 
nation is  not  near  at  hand,  for  if  anything  worthy  of  attention 
was  noticed  during  the  time  these  boilers  were  in  commission 
previously  to  being  temporarily  shut  down,  note  would  cer- 
tainly be  found  in  the  proper  place  in  the  system.  A  glance 
at  the  five  places  in  the  book,  i.e.,  one  for  each  boiler,  would 
re\eal  all  that  should  receive  attention. 

The  arrangement  is  simply  a  foolscap  book  of  about  five 
quires,  with  printed  headings,  as  per  illustration  No.  2.  One 
page  is  allotted  to  each  unit  in  the  works,  and  entries  are 
made  from  time  to  time,  whenever  necessary.  The  last 
column  is  for  the  signature  of  the  engineer  or  works  suj)er- 
intendent  directly  the    repair,   alteration  or    replacement  is 


General  Description. — 3,500-Kw.  turbo-alternator. 
Detail  Description. — Turbine,  by  Williams  cV  Co. 

Alternator,  by  Brown  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

H.T.  motor-driven  exciter,  by  Electrics,  Ltd. 


Total  value,  £9,400. 
Mortgage  Xoe.,  146  and  147. 
Period  for  repayment,  20  and  1.")  years. 
No.  and  marks,  E20,  E21. 


Remarks. — Foundations    included 

in  capital  value. 
Balance    of    £:-1.000   paid  out   of 

revenue. 


Date. 

Item 

No. 

1 
2 

1 
2 

Capital  value. 

Instal- 
ment 
No. 

Redemption.                         Balance. 

Revenue. 

Depre 
ciation 
10°,,. 

Total 
Balance,    capital  and 
revenae. 

31/3/U 

£6,000     0          -    ■. 
400     0 

■  1/20 
1/15 

2/iO 
2/15 
I 

£300  0                      £5,700     0 
26  8                            373  12 

Balance  paid 
from  revenue  £3,000 

do.              £2,700 

£300 
£300 

£2,700     £8.773  12 

31/3/12 

£5.700     0 
373  12 

£,W0  0                     £5,400    0 
26  8                   j        347     4 

£2,400     £8.147     4 

1 

No.  1, 


72 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REMEW.     [voi.  73.  no,  1,833.  jA»rARY  10, 1913, 


made.  An  index  is.  of  course,  included  at  the  front  of  the 
book. 

This  simple  book  will  bo  found  quite  adequate  to  meet 
all  demands,  whereas  entries  in  a  daily  or  weekly  log  book  fail 
to  show  the  required  information  at  the  right  time.  The 
details  rc(|uirc  summarising  and  analysing,  and  putting 
forward  in  such  a  way  as  to  lie  observed  at  the  right  time. 

In  elVcct,  tills  rovonuc  plant  record  is  a  summary  of  the 
log  book,  with  noics  and  instructions  addvd,  and  from  this 
iKiok  iwrticulars  are  abstracted  for  entering  on  the  right- 
hand  side  (if  tho  :diove-raentionpd  Plant  Inventory. 


GENTLEMEN-WE    THANK    YOU 


Mow   THK  (loon  N'kws  camk  to  lIoNtJ-KoNc. 


U\    PllOF.  C.  A.  M.  SMITH,  M.^r. 

"  The  Mail  is  in  :  "  We  heard  the  boom  of  the  gun  about 
two  hours  ago.  and  oven  the  Chinese  undergraduatCH,  who 
are  but  slightly  intereaed  in  mails,  looked  up  from  their 
drawing  b(  ards  to  lake  a  glimpse  of  the  great  liner  as  she 
slowly  steamed  among  the  junk.s  and  sampans  which  cover 
the  mcst  wonderful  harbour  in  the  world.  'I'here  arc  :{7  of 
these  engineering  undergraduates— when  last  I  wrote,  in 
Octoljer,  there  were  oidy  2:,,  but  the  score  climbs  steadily 
up.  How  long  Ijefore  we  reach  500  'f  If  Ihe  present 
symptoms  can  be  taken  as  indicative  of  what  the  Chinese 
mean  to  do,  it  will  not  be  very  long  before  Hong-Kong  is  as 
famous  in  China  for  its  University  as  is  Cambridge  in 
hngland.  We  have  ;^7  engineering  students  out  of  a  total 
new  entry  of  55.  That  is  as  it  should  be.  ]\redicine  and 
other  subjects  are  being,  and  will  be,  studied  by  the  Chinese. 
But  what  the  nation  geeks  after,  as  a  thirsty  man  seeks 
something  for  his  parched  lips,  is  apjilied  science.  We  offer 
them  that  in  full  at  this  University. 

Thi;  GiiFAT  Day. 

"The  mail  is  in."  As  soon  as  I  could, -with  decency, 
leave  the  drawing  oflicc.  I  hastened  to  my  room.  Yes,  there 
was  the  familiar  bundle— the  good  old  Ei.kctrk  ai,  Revikw. 
Had  it  published  my  appeal  r"  Had  it  backed  it  with  the 
incisiveness  of  the  pen  which  the  Editor  or  some  of  his  staff 
keep  stowed  away  in  a  special  cupboard  above  which  must 
^v  ^^"^  .1^''.^^,'^'°^^  Ceorge's  watchword,  "  AVake  up, 
England  .'  "  ?  These,  and  a  thousand  other,  thoughts  rushed 
through  my  brain  as  I  tore  open  the  wrapper,  and  then — 

Then  I  knew  that  the  spade  work— the  digging  in  the 
trenches— of  the  last  few  weary  months  had  not  been  in 
vain.  For  I  opened  the  blue  cover  and  I  turned  to  the 
mdex  .  .  .  l)ut  l)efore  I  did  so  I  saw  the  word  "China"  on 
the  page  which  is  sacnd  to  the  statement  of  editorial  policy. 
And  I  knew  that  whoever  else  failed  us,  the  great-hearted 
friend  in  Ludgate  Hill  was  true.  And  a  wave  of  feeling 
sw(4j)t  over  me,  such  as  I  uippose  comes  to  few  men,  for 
never  before  had  it  been  my  lot  to  carry  anxiety  single- 
handed,  or  to  feel  responsibility  to  such  extent  that  it  seemed 
impossible  to  win  tuccess.  And  now  the  message  had  come. 
After  all,  those  at  home  had  answered  the  call  :  N'ow  can 
we  go  forth  boldly  into  the  struggle  once  again.  China  is 
hungry  for  knowledge— yes,  but  we  will  supply  it,  and  the 
British  Empire  shall  still  lead  in  the  teeth  of  twentieth- 
centurj'  competition. 

"  Do  IT  Now." 

I  frankly  confess  that  there  are  lines — the  closing  liner — 
in  the  leader  which  ought  never  to  have  been  written.  But 
I  cannot  find  it  in  my  heart  to  upbraid  the  Review  after  its 
magnificent  appeal.  That  clarion  call  has  been  echoed  up 
and  down  the  China  coast,  and  now  we  who  are  at  work  for 
the  future  know  that  we  can  relv  upon  those  at  home  to 
help  us. 

But  there  are  yet  readers  of  the  Review  who  have  done 
nothing.  Ponder  over  the  following  extract  from  the 
Hong-Kong  Da ih/  Press  of  October  28th  :— "The  ['niver- 
sity   is  already  a  success   beyond    the  dreams  of    its  most 


sanguine  sponsors.  .  .  ,  The  majority  of  the  first-year 
students  at  the  University  have  elected  to  be  trained  in 
Engineering  Science.  That  is  only  what  we  expected.  China 
needs  above  all  else,  at  the  present  time,  and  will  continue 
to  need  for  very  many  years  to  come,  engineers  for 
waterworks,  the  development  of  her  mines,  the  e.xtension 
of  her  railways  and  other  modes  of  communication,  so  that 
the  trade  of  this  great  country  can  be  effectively  opened  up. 
The  need  of  engineers  is  recognised  in  China." 

Reader,  what  have  you  done  !'  Have  you  thrown  aside 
this  golden  opportunity — it  will  never  return — to  advertise 
your  goods  in  the  Far  Eastern  market  ?  Won't  you  strike 
a  blow  for  freedom  and  progress  ?  Send  that  cable  or  write 
that  letter  which  will  tell  us  in  this  little  island  by  the 
Canton  River  that  you  recognise  your  responsibilities.  Do  it 
noir .' 

Let  me  take  this  opportunity  to  pay  my  humble  tribute  to 
the  Britith  Engineers'  Association,  whose  coming  will  be 
greatly  welcomed  in  China.  To  it  we  look  for  substantial 
help,  and  I  can  now  suggest  that  it  should  endow  one  of  cur 
chairs  when  it  is  firmly  at  work. 

It  is  l-)ecause  I  am  certain  that  the  electrical  firms  of 
(irrat  Britain  will  sec  to  it  that  we  have  an  electrical 
equipment  in  the  beautiful  laboratories  of  this  University, 
that  1  say  with  heartfelt  gratitude,  "  Centlemen,  we  thank 
you  I  "  AVe  have  done  our  work  for  you  out  here  ;  we  are 
cutting  through  the  jungle  of  ignorance  and  superstition. 
Under  the  tropical  sun  we  are  carving  for  you  a  pathway 
that  you  and  your  countrymen  may  use.  If  you  have  not 
already  sent  that  cable  or  written  the  letter — please,  for  the 
love  of  your  profession,  for  the  love  of  your  country,  for  the 
sacred  cause  of  scientific  progress,  Do  it  now.  What 
matter  your  doubts,  write — we  will  advise. 


NATIONAL    INSURANCE    ACT.    1911. 


Fukthee    Decisions    of    the    Umfiee.     RErruDsiENT 

OF    CONTRIBTTIONS.      QUAETEBLY   STAMPING. 


By  ,r0S.  .J.  H.  STANSFIELD,  F.C.I  S. 

In  the  1'jI.F(  thkai.  IlKviEwof  August  Kith  and  October  4th 
last  the  decisions  of  the  Umpire  appointed  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Cnemplojinent  Part  of  the  National  Insurance 
Act;,  1911,  were  given,  and  the  present  article  brings  up  the 
decisions  to  the  close  of  1012. 

The  rush  of  applications  to  the  Umpire  appears  to  be  over. 
From  May  16th  to  .lune  27th  228  decisions  were  advertised       I 
in  the  Board  of  Trade  .fnvmal,  whilst  the  decisions  given       ' 
therein    for    the    quarters    ending    Septeml>er   80th    and 
December  31st,    1!)12,    were    S4(i   and    158   respectively, 
bringing  up  the  total  decisions  to  the  end  of  the  year  to  1,227. 

The  numbers  in  various  sections  follow  on  from  the 
previous  articles. 

MrrhanirnI  Eni/innrinf/. —  Contributions  are  payable  in 
respect  of  the  following  : — 

27.  Iloistmen  or  lift  attendants  (for  passengers  or  goods)/ 
employed  in  factories  and  workshops,  or  in  stores  imme- 
diately connected  therewith  (but  nci  in  cttices),  when  the 
afoi'esaid  factories  and  workshop  are  engaged  wholly  or 
mainly  in  carrying  on  any  of  the  trades  set  out  in 
Schedule  VI  of  the  National  Insurance  Act,  UUl  (A.  1,088 j. 
(Note. — Mechanical  engineering  is  one  of  these  trades.) 

28.  Labourers  engaged  in  assisting  millwrights,  either  in 
excavating  foundations  for  the  erection  of  engines  or 
machinery,  or  in  dismantling  machinery  or  otherwise 
(A.  1,105). 

2!t.  AVorkincn  and  their  heljicrs  and  laliciiiers  employed 
in  factories  and  workshops  which  are  engaged  wholly  or 
mainly  in  the  manufacture  of  castings  of  aluminium  for  use 
as  parts  of  the  products  of  a  mechanical  engineering 
establishment  (A.  1,110). 

:10.  Workmen  employed  in  businesses  carrying  on  an 
insured  trade,  and  engaged  wholly  or  mainly  in  setting 
out  the  work  in  detail  from  the  architect's  or  draughtfinenV 


Voi,T8.  No.  i.eBa.jAHDAHYio,  leia.]    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


78 


(lmwiiif,'s  nii  l»otir(l,  paper  or  oLlior  iHiiLerial,  or  in  iniikiiif,' 
workiiif,'Hkek-li('s  from  fclio  (lnnviii},'s  for  tlio'iisf  of  tlio  work- 
imii  ami  not  lui^^iif^ed  wliolly  or  iiminly  us  Hupcrvitiiti^ 
forfiiifiii  (A.  1.121). 

;51.  A  workriian  (Icscribcd  hh  a  JocomoLivn  crane  driver  and 
••n<ja^;('ii  wliolly  or  mainly  in  loading,'  or  iiiilniidin;,'  materials 
in  a  wharf  sidinjf  forming;  part  of  a  miclianical  enfjineorinf^ 
(•HtabliKhment  (A.  1,1  :!l'). 

:i2.  Workmen  engaffed  in  making'  metal  patterns  for 
the  use  of  iron,  stet^l,  brass  or  other  foundries  wliicli  are 
engaged  wholly  or  mainly  in  making  castings  for  use  as  jiails 
of  the  products  of  a  mccliauical  engineering  establishment 
(A.   l,i;!!l). 

;!.'!.  Workmen  employed  in  a  mechanical  engineering 
(Mtablishment  and  engaged  wholly  or  mainly  in  repairing 
and  screwing  couplings  and  chains  as  part  of  tbe  work  of 
making  or  of  repairing  vehicles,  cranes  and  machinery 
(A.  1,141). 

,'U.  A  workman  described  as  an  inspector  employed  in  a 
mechanical  engineering  establishment  wholly  or  mainly  in 
testing  materials  with  straight-edge  and  other  gauges  (.\. 
1.1(;0). 

t]'t.  Tube  benders  employed  in  a  mechanical  engineering 
establishment  (A.  l,U!;i). 

;iO.  Twiners  and  other  machinists  engaged  wholly  or 
mainly  in  producing  ebonite  or  vulcanised  fibre  parts  fur  use 
as  parts  of  the  product  of  a  moclianical  engineering  eslab- 
ment  (A.  l,n;'.»). 

;}7.  Woi'kmcn  engaged  wholly  or  maiidy  in  connection 
witli  insured  trades  and  employed  as  sketchers  and  progress 
men  (A.  1,21-i)- 

;38.  Workmen  engaged  wholly  or  mainly  in  making,  finish- 
ing or  fixing  feno-concrete  and  artificial  stone  in  connection 
with  any  insured  trade,  whethtr  on  the  site  or  in  a  work- 
shop or  yard  (A.  1,2 IC). 

80.  Workmen  engaged  wholly  or  mainly  in  making 
moulds  for  ferro-concrete  or  artificial  stone  mentioned  in  A. 
1,21(1  (A.  1,217). 

40.  Workman  engaged  wholly  or  mainly  as  tool  setters  for 
general  brasswork  on  capstan  lathes  and  machine  tools  (A. 
1,21!)). 

41.  Workmen  employed  in  a  mechanical  engineering 
establishment  and  engaged  wholly  or  mainly  in  machining  and 
HSsemUing  metal  windows  (A.  1,225). 

42.  Workmen  engaged  in  marking  out  timber  in  connection 
with  an  insured  trade  (A.  1,227). 

Contributions  are  no/  payable  in  resjiect  (jf — 

11.  Workmen  engaged  in  making  metal  patterns  (otlier 
than  cast-iron  patterns)  not  being  foi'  the  use  of  iron,  steel, 
brass  or  other  foundries,  who  are  engaged  wholly  or  mainly  in 
making  castings  for  use  as  parts  of  the  products  of  a 
mechanical  engineering  establishment  (B.  1,138). 

Hh'ciritcil  A'H/////r/'/ /////.^-Contributions  are  not  payable  in 
respect  of — 

\?>.  AVorknaen  engaged  in  making  lead  accumulator  boxes 
or  lead  linings  for  accumulator  boxes  (15.  1,184). 

44.  A\'orkmen  engaged  wholly  or  mainly  in  wiring 
electroliers  and  similar  electrical  fittings,  and  not  engaged  in 
the  installation  or  fixing  of  same  (B.  1,150). 

45.  Workmen  engaged  wliolly  or  mainly  in  making 
ebonite  or  vulcanised  fibre  parts  of  scientific  instruments, 
telephones,  or  electric  light  fittings  (B.  1,170). 

(/'ables,  Ocerhead  Lines,  and  Street  Lighting. — Contri- 
butions are  payable  in  respect  of  : — (4)  Workmen  engaged 
wholly  or  mainly  in  driving  or  attending  steam  road  rollers 
in  connection  with  the  construction  of  new  roads,  and  not 
merely  the  resurfacing  of  existing  roads  (A.  1,070). 

Contributions  are  not  payable  for : — (18)  Workmen 
engaged  wholly  or  mainly  in  making  sills  for  lids  of  man- 
holes in  streets  (B.  1,089). 

Generation  and  Stipply  of  Energy. — Contributions  are 
])ayable  in  resjiect  of  : — 

7.  Workmen  engaged  in  erecting  and  connecting  neces- 
sary wires  to  run  and  control  electric  time  service  (A.  1,115). 

Contributions  are  not  payable  for  : — 

15.  Chauffers  employed  wholly  or  mainly  in  driving  and 
cleaning  motor-cars  and  in  doing  occasional  adjustments  and 
repairs  thereto  (B.  1,108). 

Tranncagfi. — Contributions  are  payable  in  respect  of  :— 

9.  Workmen  employed   in  a  vehicle  constructing  or  re- 


pairing eHlubliuhment,  and  engaged  wholly  or  mainly  in  re- 
pairing  and  Hcrewing  i!OU|)|ingH  and  cbuinK  uh  [mrt  of  tho 
work  of  making  or  of  repairing  vehiclei".  cram  *  aiirj 
nmchiiiery  (.\.  1.1  1 1). 

1,'i'fiiiii/i/iiiit  of  f'onlriliiiliiiii^.  TIh!  rneni|)loyiiient  I'ari, 
of  tiie  Insurance  Act,  by  S<:c.  '.H,  providi-H  dial,  the  Hoard  of 
Trade  shall,  on  the  a[)pli(;ation  of  any  employer,  made 
within  one  month  aftei'  the  termination  of  any  jireKcrilK'd 
IH  liod  of  12  months,  rcfunrl  one-third  of  the  contributions 
paid  by  him  on  his  own  behalf  in  resjiect  of  workmen  who 
lia\e  been  continuously  in  his  service  durintr  the  jjeriod  and 
ill  resj  (•(  t  of  v\hom  not  less  than  15  contributions  have  been 
paid  during  the  jiericxl. 

.\  refund  of  contributions  paid  in  resyxjct  of  unemploy- 
ment insurance  may  also  be  claimed  under  Sec.  '.»<;,  where 
any  employer  satisfies  the  Hoard  of  Trade  that  during  any 
period  of  depression  in  his  business  his  workmen  have  been 
systematically  working  shoit  time  and  he  lias  paid  the 
workman's  share  of  the  insurance  in  addition  to  his  own. 

Sec.  1()(»  of  the  Act  provides  that  any  regulations  made 
by  the  Board  of  Trade  must  jH-ovide  for  the  return  to  a 
workman  who  is  not  in  an  insured  trade,  and  to  his  em- 
ployer, of  any  contributions  paid  under  the  bel.cf  that  the 
workman  was  in  an  insured  trade,  subject,  of  ( curse,  in  the 
case  of  a  workman,  to  the  deduction  of  any  unemployment 
benefit  that  may  ha\e  been  paid. 

Forms  to  be  signed  by  workmen  and  employers  applying 
for  the  return  of  contributions  paid  in  error' may  be  obtained 
from  Labour  Exchanges. 

No  jn-ovision  is  made  in  the  llealtli  paft  of  the  Insuranc-o 
Act  for  the  repayment  of  contributions  paid  in  error,  but 
upon  application  being  made  to  the  Commissioners,  forms 
can  be  obtained  to  claim  repayment. 

(^iiat-terlg  Stamping.— A  revised  circular  with  res])ect  to 
the  quarterly  stamping  of  Contribution  Cards  ha  %  been  issued 
(Circular  No.  lua  {?>))  by  the  English  llealili  Commis- 
sioners. The  alterations  are  not  serious,  the  main  one  being 
that  where  there  are  less  than  loO  employ c:j,  ilethods  8 
and  5  (see  Er.KCTUicAi,  Eevik.w  of  November  8th,  1912) 
will  not  be  approved.  These  methods  allow  for  weekly 
cheques  being  sent  to  the  Accountant-Ceneral,  instead  of 
depositing  the  whole  quarter's  contribution  in  advance. 


REVIEWS. 


I'aponrs  for   Heat  Engines.     By  W.  I).  Ennis.     London: 

Constable  &  Co.,  Ltd.     1912.     Price  Cs.  net. 

This  is  a  very  thorough  investigation  into  the  theory  of 
what  it  has  been  customary  to  call  the  binary  vapour  enj;ii,e. 
This  binary  engine  is  very  tempting  to  the  untuliud 
engineer,  who  knows  that  certain  li(iuids  boil  at  a  lower 
temperature  than  water,  and  give  greater  pressures  at  lower 
temperatures.  But  these  are  not  the  only  desiderata,  ai.d 
when  wc  learn  that  the  few  vapours  which  are,  under  circum- 
stances, better  than  steam,  are  those  of  alcohol,  chlorofoim, 
acetone,  carbon  bisulphide  and  carbon  chloride,  our  joy  in 
binaries,  or  even  in  the  primary  use  of  these  liquids,  is  some- 
what tempered.  Was  not  carbon  chloride  the  stuff,  or  some- 
thing like  the  stuff,  that  was  used  by  one  Guittari  as  an 
economical  liquid  Y' 

The  author  has  worked  out  a  serie.s  of  curves,  giving  the 
pressure-temperature  relations  of  what  ho  terms  the  engineer- 
ing vapours — ammonia,  sulphur  dioxide,  ether,  CS,,  acetone, 
chloroform,  carbon  chloride,  ethyl  alcohol,  and  steam.  Except 
the  last  two  in  suitable  combination,  they  do  not  sound  attrac- 
tive to  engineers,  but  are  more  reminiscent  of  the  operating 
theatre.  They  are  at  least  dangerous.  Of  all  the  vapours 
that  of  steam  has  the  least  pressure  for  a  given  temperature, 
and  its  best  ideal  efficiency  at  modern  temperatures  is  at 
present  0"47  :  the  best  recorded  efficiency  is  0'25,  or  little 
over  half  the  theoretical. 

The  author  attacks  the  pioblem  on  the  grounds  that 
(1)  another  vapour  might  give  a  higher  temperature  at 
250  lb.  pressure  (the  present  steam  limit)  without  supr- 
heat ;  or  (2)  a  temperature  of  600^  with  superheat  might 

*  Guittari  used  a  misture  of  carbonic  acid  g'fts  and  eth»n« 
chloride.— Eds.  Elec,  Rkv. 


74 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.      [VoL  72.    No.  V,833,  January  10,  1913. 


give  an  efficiency  better  than  steam  :  or  (3)  at  28  in.  vacuum 
a  lower  temi)erature  niiglit  Ijo  attained. 

No  vapour  is  known  that  will  fill  the  first  two  conditions, 
which  demand  a  /  y  curve  crossing  that  of  steam.  Other 
vapoui-s  do  cross,  as  ethyl  alcohol  and  carbon  chloride  at 
laO'^  F.  It  is  easy  to  meet  condition  (1),  but  not  at  the 
same  time  (3).  Condition  (H),  in  any  case,  is  dependent 
upon  a  supply  of  cooling  water  at,  say,  CO  ,  and  then  the 
limit  of  eHiciency  for  any  vapour  would  be  O-T)!,  or  8  per 
cent,  over  present  steam  limits. 

Only  four  vapours  fit  this  condition  (3),  namely,  carbon 
bisulphide  (poisonous  and  ofi^'ensivc),  chloroform  (dan,i,'erous), 
acetone,  c;iri)on  chloride,  and  possibly  a  fifth — alcohol,  'riie 
best  is  carbon  chloride  with  a  pressure  of  ss  lb.  at  302  F. 
as  compared  with  (i!)  lb.  for  steam,  and  the  pressure  cnrve 
may  even  cross  that  of  steam  at  400    F. 

between  302  and  i:>x  steam  stands  first  in  order  of  merit 
as  a  first  approximation,  but  only  four  of  the  \apours  could 
be  condensed  down  to  Cs"^,  and  both  alcohol  and  steam  would 
be  slightly  inferior  to  the  other  four  vapours.  If  high  initial 
pressure  is  got  by  superheat  no  advantage  appears  to  be 
^  possible  with  the  four  vapours,  and  steam  and  alcohol  stand 
first.  The  author  finds  no  advantage  in  the  binary  principle 
.  to  offset  its  complications. 

For  the  whole  of  the  six  vapours  named  there  is  not 
an  enormous  difference  in  the  relative  sizes  of  either  the 
boiler  or  the  condenser,  but  considerable  differences  are 
found  in  the  time  to  get  up  steam.  In  Chapter  XI  the 
author  finds  with  the  so-called  Rankine  cycle  that  the  cycle 
efficiency  may  decrease  with  an  increase  of  temperature 
range.  With  three  of  the  vapours  an  engine  will  give 
equal  power  with  a  steam  engine  of  nearly  and  fully  double 
the  cylinder  capacity,  when  working  with  four  expansions. 

The  substitute  vapours  probably  lose  more  than  steam  in 
cylinder  condensation  effects,  and  they  have  very  heavy  pres- 
sures which  are  balanced,  it  may  be  to  some  extent,  by  the 
possible  use  of  smaller  cylinders. 

There  appears  nothing  "inherently  absurd"  in  the  use  of 
vapours  other  than  steam,  and  their  nse,  as  the  primary 
liquid,  is  more  promising  by  far  than  their  use  as  binary 
vapours  heated  by  the  exhaust  from  a  steam  engine.  We 
regard  this  as  a  very  useful  book  for  the  student  who  might 
be  led  away  by  too  much  enthusiasm  for  other  vapours. 
There  is  very  little  that  can  be  said  on  behalf  of  them,  and 
when  their  various  characteristics  are  taken  into  the  balance, 
there  does  not  appear  to  be  any  real  balance  in  their  favour 
as  compared  with  steam. 


Sludies  in  Radio-aciicily.     By  W.  H.  BRAr;r;,  M.A.,  F.R.S. 

London  :  Macmillan  &  Co.,  Ltd.     Price  5s.  net. 

This  book  deals  chiefly  with  the  phenomena  attending  the 
passage  of  the  a,  />,  and  y  or  X-rays  through  matter.  It 
embodies  a  record  of  experiments  carried  out  in  this  branch 
of  radio-activity  by  the  author,  together  with  an  account  of 
what  has  been  done  in  this  particular  field  by  other  investi- 
gators. It  is,  therefore,  not  a  text-book  on  radio-activity  in 
a  general  sense,  but  an  account  of  a  more  or  less  limited 
portion  of  the  subject  only.  The  author  has  been  struck  by 
the  absence  of  any  evidence  of  true  secondary  radiation,  that 
is,  of  an  ionising  radiation  which  derives  its  energy  from 
matter  under  the  prompting  of  primary  rays.  He  concludes, 
as  a  result  of  his  investigations,  that  we  can  claim  no  power 
of  causing  the  atoms  to  unlock  and  distribute  any  stores  of 
energy  they  may  possess.  This,  of  course,  is  also  the  con- 
clusion of  many  other  experimenters,  though  there  are  some 
who  are  not  <|uite  satisfied.  The  author  also  consider  it 
remarkable  that  there  should  be  so  little  evidence  of  the 
influence  of  molecular  association  upon  radio-active  pheno- 
mena. AVhen  an  atom  acts  upon  a  passing  a  or  p  or  y-ray, 
it  is  unsupported  by  any  other  atom,  even  of  those  belonging 
to  the  same  molecule. 

Particular  attention  is  drawn  to  the  strong  family  ILke- 
ness  which  the  three  types  of  radiation,  a,  ))  and  X  or  y-rays 
bear  to  each  other.  The  a-rays  are  positively  charged,  the 
/J-rays  negatively,  the  X  or  y-rays  are  uninfluenced  by  elec- 
tric or  magnetic  fields.  But  putting  aside  these  differences 
and  their  immediate  consequences,  in  their  laws  of  penetra- 
tion and  scattering,  in  their  actions  on  matter,  and  the  re- 
actions wliich   thcj  suffer  themselves,  the  three  forms  of 


radiation  differ  in  degree  rather  than  in'kind.  If  it  is 
assumed  that  the  action  of  each  form  is  direct  and  requires 
no  assistance  from  any  other  form,  it  is  difficult  to  believe 
at  the  same  time,  that  the  a  and  /3  radiations  are  corpus- 
cular, and  that  the  X  and  y-rays  are  spreading  pulses  in 
the  ether.  The  author  (^'uies  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
assumption  is  wrong,  and  that  the  X  and  y-rajs  act  only 
through  the  intervention  of  the  /3-rays.  He  finds  that  this 
is  accomplished  by  means  of  a  complete  interchangeability 
between  the  X  or  y-ray  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  moving 
electron  on  the  other,  a  change  which  may  be  brought  aliont 
during  the  passage  of  the  ray  or  the  electron  through  the 
atom.  He  shows  that  such  a  change  must  take  place  with 
little  or  no  loss  of  energy. 

The  somewhat  original  concei)tion  of  the  interchange- 
ability  of  the  two  primary  rays  is  then  declared  to  lead  to  a 
corpuscular  hypothesis  of  .\  and  y-rays  ;  and  this  is  said  to 
be  convenient,  as  the  ether  pulse  idea  has  been  for  some  time 
unproductive.  It  is  better,  therefore,  to  put  it  aside  pro- 
visionally, and  take  the  interchangeability  of  the  X-ray  and 
the  electron  as  a  new  starting  point. 

From  the  preliminary  sets  of  experiments  the  following 
conclusions  are  drawn  : — 

1.  The  a  particle  is  not  appreciably  scattered  in  passing 
through  matter,  but  is  "absorbed"  only  through  the 
expenditure  of  its  energj'  on  ionisation. 

2.  The  a  particle  has  a  definite  range  in  any  given 
material  depending  upon  its  initial  velocity. 

3.  Radium  in  a  state  of  equilibrium  contains  four  sub- 
stances, each  of  which  ejects  a  particles  at  the  same  rate,  but 
with  different  initial  velocities. 

4.  The  range  of  the  a  particle  of  radium  itself  is  about 
3-3  cm. 

5.  The  a  particle  produces  more  ionisation  as  its  speed 
diminishes. 

Chapter  II  describes  the  range-finding  apparatus.  Chapter 
III  shows  how  the  ionisation  curve  of  the  a-ray  is 
obtained.  Chapter  IV  gives  an  interpretation  of  certain 
peculiarities  of  the  a-ray  curve.  Chapter  V  deals  with  the 
quantitatrive  results  of  stopping  power  exhibited  by  matter  to 
the  rays.  Chapter  \'I  is  on  the  ionisation  produced  by  the 
a  particle  in  different  gases.  Chapter  YII  deals  with  initial 
recombination  :  Chapter  VIII,  with  the  /5-ray  and  the  law  of 
its  scattering  ;  Chapter  IX,  with  the  loss  of  energy  of  the 
/3-ray  -.  Chapter  X,  with  the  general  case  of  "absorption  " 
of  the  /)-ray  ;  Chapter  XI,  with  the  general  properties  of  X 
and  y-rays  :  Chapter  XII,  with  the  production  of  the 
secondary  /3-ray  by  the  X-ray  ;  Chapter  XIII,  with  the 
corpuscular  form  of  the  X-ray  :  Chapter  XIV,  with  the 
energy  of  the  X-ray  :  Chapter  XV,  with  the  calculation  of 
the  ionisation  current  under  given  conditions  :  Chapter  XVI, 
with  the  scattering  of  X  and  y-rays;  and  Chapter  XVII, 
with  the  nature  of  X  and  y-rays. 

The  book  is  well  worth  study  by  those  interested  in  the 
subject,  as  it  is  evidently  the  record  of  an  able  experimenter. 


Fleilriral  Injuries.     By  C.  A.  Laukkeh,  M.D.     London  : 

Chapman  &  Hall.     Price  2s.  net. 

This  little  book  is  the  work  of  the  medical  director  of  the 
relief   department   of    the    Westinghousc    E.    iV    M.    Co.,  I 

Pittsburg,   and  deals  with   the  causation,   prevention  and  • 

treatment  of  electrical  injuries  in  a  manner  to  be  under- 
stood by  electrical  men.  Having  acquired  great  experience 
and  trained  1,000  men  in  the  methods  of  artificial  respiration, 
the  author  is  well  qualified  to  handle  this  subject,  which  is 
constantly  growing  in  importance.  He  deals  first  with  flash 
burns,  which  are  not  necessarily  very  dangerous,  but  need 
very  careful  treatment,  and  the  author  gives  full  details  of 
the  proper  methods.  Under  this  head  are  included  "  flashed 
eyes,"  a  condition  which  can  be  de\eloped  by  exposure  of 
the  eyes  to  arcs  even  at  a  considerable  distance,  as  many  an 
inquisitive  electrical  neojjhyte  has  learnt  by  painful 
experience.  Burns  of  the  skin  are  more  serious  on  account 
of  the  danger  of  bacterial  infection,  which  is  sometimes 
fatal.  The  strangely  contradictory  phenomena  that  are 
met  with,  such  as  death  from  a  shock  at  110  volts  and 
recovery  from  one  of  15,000  volts,  are  noted,  and  a  case  is 
(juoted  in  which  a  lineman  died  of  pure  fright  on  touching  a 
high-voltage   line   which   was    not    charged   at   all.      Full 


Vol.72.   No.  i,s:t:!,jANOAKY  10,  iyi:i.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


75 


iiiatrmiioiis  aio  ^'iveii  for  the  resiisciLiilion  of  victinriH  of 
alioc^lvs,  iicconliii},'  to  the  Schuefer  method,  wliich  is  HtroiiRly 
rccoinmi'iidi'd.  ,\ii  clectrieiim  in  tlie  emiiloyof  the  Wentin;;- 
hoiiae  ("o.  has  rescued  six  hvcs  by  this  iiieiins  in  as  many 
years,  not  losiiifj;  one  case.  E.xtreme  promptitude  in  com- 
meiicinf^  the  treatment  is  of  the  utmost  importance.  Short 
sections  are  {:;iven  on  minor  snrj^'cry  and  lirst  aid,  and  on 
infections,  and  the  author  concludes  with  a  much  ionj^jer  one 
on  the  efl'ccts  of  occupation  on  health,  one  of  the  best  in  tlic 
book.  Kvery  engineer  in  charge  of  electrical  works  or 
machinery  ought  to  have  a  copy  of  this  excellent  manmd  and 
make  himself  familiar  with  its  contents,  and  everyone  with- 
out exception  ought  to  be  acquainted  with  the  teachings  of 
the  last  section. 


Examples  in  A/)plie<i  Ekctriiiti/.  By  G.  C.  FiA-VUt,  M.A., 
B.Sc,  Cambridge  University  Press.  Price  :is.  (Id.  net. 
This  collection  of  examples  has  been  compiled  mainly  from 
tests  set  to  engineering  students  at  Cambridge,  and  includes 
some  good  exercises,  both  numerical  and  {graphical,  on  elec- 
trical machines,  transformers  and  power  distribution. 
Probably  most  engineering  colleges  possess  as  useful  a  set  of 
examples  in  a  more  or  less  collected  form,  and  most  teachers 
wonld  map  out  exercises  on  the  hues  of  their  own  lectures  in 
preference  to  adopting  those  of  another  school. 

So  far  from  encouraging  originality  -and  experimentation, 
the  publication  of  such  sets  of  examples  wonld  appear  to 
tend  rather  to  tlie  stereotyping  of  engineering  courses  and 
ultimately  to  the  stereotyping  of  electrical  engineers.  It 
must,  however,  be  admitted  that  this  particular  book  contains 
examples  of  a  really  practical  type,  which  is  perhaps  a 
tolerably  good  excuse  for  its  existence. — P.H.S.K. 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Kor  a  jf'vcn  rail  ilrnp  the  uuthorn  have  pnrvioiiMly  nhown  the 
votrabond  current  to  b<)  proportional  roughly  to  th<:  wjuare  of  th* 
lenklh  of  Hub-Bection,  m  that  it  in  of  importanc*  that  mjch  lenifth 
nhonld  bo  a  minimum. 

The  f^encral  um  of  nr(;ativo  boostem  alone  permits  of  the  attain- 
iiumt  of  the  two  ideal  conditionH,  vi/..  :  — 

1.  Uniform  abHolute  p<it<>iitial  at  the  ne((ativc  feed  points,  and 
hence  no  intcrchanifc  of  viiijabond  current. 

2.  Minimum  lenifth  of  nub-Hcotion,  and  hence  minimum  Ts^abond 
current. 

Further,  full  advantage  i»  taken  of  the  high  conductivity  of  the 
track  :  the  rail  drop  ia  easily  maintained  at  a  low  value  ,  th* 
pre88ure  loss  in  thr  negative  feeders  is  no  longer  subtracted  from 
the  supply  pressure  ;  great  potential  difference  between  the  nega- 
tive bus-bar  and  earth  is  avoided,  and,  linally,  with  heavy  loading 


In  A.— Broken  line  =  absolute  potential  gradients  ol    sectiona   considered 
independently. 
Full  line  ~  absolute  potential   gradients  o(   sections   considered 
jointly. 

Fig.  5. — Unbalanced  Section.'^. 


a  very  material  reduction  may  be  obtained  in  the  amount  of  return 
copper  aa  compared  with  the  amount  required  to  obtain  satisfactory 
conditions,  even  if  they  could  possibly  be  obtained,  without  boosters. 
The  saving  in  cost  over  the  installation  of  additional  sub-stations 
wonld  be  very  considerable. 

Economy  in  copper,  however,  must  on  no  account  be  allowed  to 
influence  the  amount  of  current  to  be  brought  back  by  any  indi- 
vidual booster  or  the  number  of  boosters  to  be  employed.  A 
maximum  permissible  value  of  rail  drop  must  be  adopted,  and  the 
amount  of  current  to  be  returned  must  be  determined  solely  by 
such   rail   drop   considered    in   conjunction    with    the    maximum 


TraniTray  Feeding  Networks. 

By  J.  G.  CUNLIFFE,  M.Sc.Tech.,  and  R.  G.  Cunliffe,  M.So.Tech. 

(^Abstract  of  paper  read  before  the  Institution  of  Electrical 
Engineees  at  Manchester,  December  'ird,  1912.) 


iConcliided  from  page  10.) 

In  order  to  understand  the  correct  principles  of  negative  feeding, 
it  is  necessary  to  study  the  eflPects  on  the  flow  of  vagabond  current  of 
the  various  methods  of  feeding,  since  protection  from  electrolysis  is 
the  first  object  of  the  design. 

With  a  uniformly  distributed  load,  such  as  is  approximately 
obtained  with  cars  spaced  at  short  intervals,  the  potential  of  the 
raUs  at  any  point  with  respect  to  the  negative  feed  point  is 
represented  by  a  parabolic  law,  and  if  the  curve  of  potential 
gradient  in  the  rail  is  dropped  until  the  two  areas  enclosed  between 
it  and  the  datum  line  are  equal,  as  shown  by  the  broken  lines 
in  fig.  5,  A.  the  area  enclosed  above  the  rail  will  represent  the 
amount  of  vagabond  current  leaving  the  rail,  whilst  the  area 
enclosed  below  the  rail  will  represent  the  amount  of  current  re- 
entering, the  curve  itself  then  representing  the  absolute  potential  of 
the  rail,  and  also  the  vagabond  current  density,  at  any  point,  the 
point  o  of  intersection  being  the  point  at  which  the  rail  is  at  normal 
earth  potential. 

The  broken  lines  shown  in  fig.  .5,  A,  represent,  nejclecting  any 
mutual  effects,  such  curves  of  absolute  potential  for  the  two  sub- 
sections of  rail,  the  left-hand  one  of  which  is  supposed  to  have 
(whether  owing  to  greater  length  or  to  heavier  loading  is  immaterial) 
a  higher  value  of  rail  drop  than  the  right-hand  one.  The  point  x, 
however,  being  common  to  the  two  sub-sections,  must  have  a  potential 
represented  by  a  point  on  both  curves  which  will  accordingly  be 
shifted  to  some  positions  such  as  those  represented  by  the  full  lines, 
when  it  is  evident  that  the  two  neutral  points  must  be  moved  to 
the  right  and  that  there  must  be  an  interchange  of  vagabond 
current  between  the  two  sub-sections  as  shown  in  fig.  5,  B.  The 
higher  rail  drop  will  be  reduced  and  the  lower  one  increased,  the 
tendency  being  to  reduce  their  values  to  equality. 

In  considering  the  absolute  potential  conditions  of  any  sub' 
section,  full  allowance  must  be  made  for  the  effects  of  other  sections 
at  a  different  absolute  potential,  and  a  sub-section  may  from  this 
cause  be  rendered  wholly  negative  with  respect  to  earth,  whilst 
safety  and  danger  zones  may  be  situated  at  totally  unexpected 
places.  Evidently  then  it  is  of  importance  that  all  sub-sections 
should  have  approximately  the  same  value  of  rail  drop,  i.e.,  that  all 
negative  feed  points  should  be  at  the  same  ab«olute  potential. 
This  conclusion,  based  on  the  authors'  researches  into  vagabond 
current  phenomena  described  in  a  previous  paper,  also  forms  one  of 
the  recommendations  of  the  recent  joint  Commission  which  will 
govern  future  German  practice. 


-t^^^y^ 


A.— Usn'OBM  LoAPrao  or  SfB-sECnoss. 
X,  negative  feed  point ;  v,  \',  artificial  dividing  points  created  by  negative 
booster  suction  ;  '>,  "',  neutral  points;  n  o  b,ao'  ,1,  absolute  potential  gradients, 
and  are  identical  j  v  c,  V  c,  loading  at  any  point  in  the  rails ;  l  =  J,  lengtb  of 
sub-section. 

B.— tlNUALANceo  Lo.u>iso  of  Sub-skctions. 
L  >  / ;  X  f ,  X  r',  loading  of  sub-sections ;  t  ft,  x'  d,  absolute  potentials  at 
dividing  points ;  x  a,  common  absolute  potential  at  negative  feed  point. 

Fig.  G.— Negative  Boosting  Conditions. 

intensity  of  loading  and  the  specific  conductivity  of  the  track,  with 
due  allowance  for  increase  of  traflBc,  and  it  is  in  the  determination 
of  the  booster  voltage  that  the  saving  in  copper  may  be  balanced 
against  the  cost  of  dissipated  energy. 

The  problem  is— knowing  the  maximum  and  average  intensities 
of  loading  at  all  points  along  the  routes— to  divide  each  route  into 
negative  feeding  sections,  each  of  such  length  that  its  own  current 
flowing  to  its  selected  feed  point  shall  split  it  up  into  two  sub- 
sections having  equal  rail  drop  opp<ised  in  direction  as  shown  in 
fig.  6,  A,  which  illustrates  the  absolute  potential  gradients,  and 
shows  by  means  of  arrows  the  direction  of  current  flow  in  each  of 
the  sub-sections  of  rails  of  lengths  L  and   I  respectively,    the   con- 


76 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi,  rj,  xo  1,993,  jawfabt  10,1913. 


ditiona  UloBtrated  being:  appllcftble  to  Bub'sections  of  equal  lengthi, 
equall^r  loaded.  Thi»  rait  drop  must  have  the  came  ralue  on  all 
sub-eections.  Fig.  6,  D,  illngtrates  the  conditions  to  be  obtained  in 
ca«es  of  unequal  intensity  of  loading  in  the  two  sub-sections.  The 
lengths  L  and  !  must  each  be  such  as  to  frive  the  common  rail  drop, 
with  their  different  oonditions  of  londinp,  when  there  will  be  no 
interchange  of  vatrabond  current.  The  length  of  each  sub  section 
may  be  determined  by  the  following  considerations.     Let — 

I,  I  =  maximum  intensity  of  loading  in  amperes  ])er  mile  on  the 
respective  sub-sections, 

R  •=  specific  resistance  of  track  in  ohms  per  mile, 
1,,  /  -  respective  lengths  of  sub-cections  in  miles, 

V  =  maximum  permissible  rail  drop  in  volts. 


Then- 


hence — 


V  =  J  i  .  K  .  1.'-  =  J  .  I  .  K  .  ;^. 


I.  =   V  2  v/(  R,  and  I  ~   ^'  2  v/i  R, 

I.  :  /:  :  Vf:    sT 


Typical  values  of  the  length  l  of  subfection  and  of  the  booster 
current,  » ith  two  such  sub-ftctions,  are  given  in  fig.  7  for  various 


500     ipoo  1500  2.000  2500    3j00O  3500  -j-.ooo 

Amperes   yior  f-l.l*?   of   Double  Tr<\  ' 

Note.— With  a  limit  of  9  airpereBper  sq.  in.  the  limit  cf  Icadirgis 
200  kiiipercs  per  mile. 

Contract  above  limitB  with  the  value  of  4.0CO  amperes  per  mile  tabrn 
frcm  actual  American  practice,  and  upwards  of  2,100  ampeies  per  mile 
licm  Britith  and  Continental  practice. 

Fio.  7.— Nkrative  BoofeTiK(;. 


intensities  of  loading  with  double  track  ccmposed  of  105-lb.  rails  of 
British  standard  section  and  corresponding  to  a  rail  drop  of  7  volts. 
The  values  ijf  current  >how  that  the  boosters  would  be  i|uite  large 
tnough  to  justify  a  separate  one  to  each  negative  feeder  with  heavy 
loading,  whilst,  it  a  higher  rail  drop  than  7  volts  were  allowed, 
or  if  rails  of  a  heavier  section  were  employed,  both  current  and 
length  of  stntion  would  be  larger,  if.,  the  size  of  the  boosters 
would  be  increastii  and  their  number  reduced.  The  total  length 
of  section  if  the  sub-sections  were  equally  loaded  would  be  twice 
the  value  shown  in  fig.  7. 

In  practice,  however,  the  feeders  would,  in  the  majority  of  cases, 
be  run  to  junctions,  when  the  values  given  in  fig.  7  would  be 
doubled  and  the  number  of  boosters  almost  halved,  a  slight  sacrifice 


Un,rat.ns 


n 


-jjooYdrd; >7* — i65oY<ir<ls--- 


i28sy^;^c 


A,  B,  c  and  r  =  boundaries  of  system. 

D  and  B  -  negative  feed  points. 

Line  previously  supplied  by  E  only. 


Flli.    S— N'U(;.\TIVE    BOOSTISC,      (Al.L  DOUBLE  TRACK.) 


being  made  in  the  resulting  conditions  to  effect  this  end.  The  ideal 
conditions  could  not  in  any  case  be  perfectly  obtained,  owing  to 
imperfect  distribution  of  the  load,  regulation  of  the  boosters,  &c., 
but  the  conditions  actually  attained  would  be  greatly  superior  to 
the  best  that  could  he  obtained  in  any  other  way.  Many  unboosted 
feeders  could  still  be  retained  where  favourably  situated.  Each 
booster  should  be  excited  from  the  grouped  positive  feeders  serving 
the  same  area. 

The  application  of  the  negative  booster  is  not  likely  to  become 
sufficiently  general  to  permit  of  the  attainment  of  the  ideal  con- 
ditions, but  the  latter  should  be  kept  in  mind.  In  the  most  general 
cases  a  booster  is  required  either  occasionally  or  continuously  to 
operate  a  Icng  negative  feeder  in  parallel  with  shorter  ones,  and 
gives  satiffaction  provided  the  permissible  maximum  rail  drop  is 
Bat  exceeded. 

An  installation  of-  this  kind,  designed  by  the  authors  to  deal 
with  very  heavy  football  traffic,  it  illnatrated  in  fig.  8.  The 
heavy  loading  was  experienced  between  the  football  ground  shown 
and  the  boundary  at  a,  e,  c,  and  the  rail  drop  bc-twe«n  these  points 


and  the  point  D  wm  found  to  be  below  7  volts,  The  negative 
booster  was  so  designed,  that  an  artificial  dividing  point  was  created 
at  X  and  moved  with  varying  load  distribution  over  a  range  such 
that  it  never  reached  the  point  d  of  attachment  of  the  booster 
feeder.  In  this  way  the  section  was  split  upinto  three  sub-sections, 
the  direction  of  How  of  current  in  each  being  indicated  by  the 
arrows.  The  rail  drop  in  each  sub-section  was  maintained  below 
G  volts,  and  although  the  total  drop  from  i)  to  e  could  not  lie 
reduced  to  zero — the  ideal  value — it  was  reduced  to  2  volts  as 
against  18  volts  without  the  boosted  feeder.  This  imperfect  balance 
was  due  to  the  loading  of  the  sub-section  E  v,  which  was  beyond 
the  control  of  the  booster.  In  this  way  alone,  by  splitting  up  the 
section  into  sub-sections  witli  their  directions  of  flow  mutually 
opposed  under  all  oonditions  of  loading,  could  the  rail  drop  under 
such  difficult  conditions  be  maintained  below  7  voltw.  The  practice 
of  connecting  a  group  of  long  negative  feeders  to  a  single  booster 
would  not  be  possible  with  really  heavy  loading,  nor  would  that  of 
exciting  the  booster  from  a  shorter  negative  feeder,  and  in  any  cate 
with  such  methods  the  track  sectionalisation  is  not  definitely 
assured. 

The  authors  have  known  cases  where  return  current  from  a 
section  fed  by  long  feeders  from  one  station  entered  another  station 
by  its  negative  feeder,  flowed  through  its  generators  along  its 
trolley  wires,  and  through  the  equipments  of  its  distant  cars  to 
re-enter  the  former  station  by  a  shorter  negative  feeder  on  another 
route.  This  would  not  occur  if  the  potential  at  the  negative  feed 
points  were  uniform,  and  cannot  be  prevented  by  merely  equalising 
the  resistances  of  the  negative  feeders,  although  it  can  be  mini- 
mised, since  such  equalising  is  correct  for  one  value  only  of  the 
load  distribution.     With  boosters  it  is  correct  for  all  values. 

It  has  been  shown  by  the  authors  in  their  jjrevious  paper  that  one 
regulation  p.lone  is  of  any  use  in  assisting  in  the  prevention  of  elec- 
trolysis, viz,  limitation  of  the  maximum  permissible  rail  drop,  and 
other  regulations  are  not  merely  useless,  and  often  contradictory, 
but  may  impede  progress.  Thus,  for  instance,  for  a  given  rail  drop, 
the  potential  difference  between  the  rail  and  a  pipe  at  any  jwint  is 
definitely  fixed  and  is  beyond  control. 

There  are  two  regulations  in  particular  which  would  effeclnally 
prevent  the  use  of  the  ideal  system  of  negative  boosting,  viz.,  the 
Britifh  limit  of  ;•  amperes  per  square  inch  in  current  density  in  the 
rails,  and  the  present  Chicago  limit  of  steepness  of  potential  gradient 
in  the  rails,  which  must  not  exceed  1  volt  per  1,000  ft.  in  the  down- 
town sections  and  1  volt  per  700  ft.  in  other  places.  The  latter  is  a 
reflection  of  the  old  French  administrative  rule  of  1  volt  per  kilo- 
metre also  adopted  for  suburban  lines  by  the  German  Commission. 

The  maximum  values  of  current  density  and  rate  of  fall  of 
potential  in  the  rail  with  the  ideal  boosting  conditions,  British 
standard  lO.T-lb.  rails  and  7-volt  rail  drop,  are  illustrated  by  the 
curves  h  and  c  given  in  fig.  7,  whenoe  it  is  obvious  that  the  above 
values  would  be  far  too  low.  And  jet  the  conditions  in  fig.  7 
represent  the  maximum  of  safety.  The  limitation  of  current  density 
in  the  rails  has  been  adopted  as  the  most  practical  way  of  limiting 
the  local  steepness  of  the  potential  gradient  to  a  maximum  of 
0'5  volt  per  100  yd.,  so  that  the  two  regulations  are  really  identical 
in  nature  and  are  based  on  the  fear  that  with  a  potential  difference 
of,  say,  1  volt  per  100  yd.,  there  would  be  a  heavy  flow  of 
current  in  any  metallic  structure  which  happened  to  approach 
the  rails  at  two  points  several  hundred  yards  apart.  It  is  clear 
however,  from  the  curves  shown  in  fig.  6  that  these  high  values 
are  obtained  only  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  negative  feed  points, 
where  at  no  single  point  could  current  leave  the  rails,  and  the 
danger  is  purely  imaginary. 

It  is  widely  believed  that  with  very  heavy  loading  the  British 
limit  of  7-volt  rail  drop  would  be  prohibitive,  but  with  negative 
boosting  this  would  not  be  the  case.  The  German  Commission 
already  referred  to  recommends  a  maximum  value  of  2'5  volts  ;  but 
this  is  too  low,  as  the  7-volt  limit  has  proved  to  be  a  reasonable 
insurance  against  damage,  which  is  all  that  should  be  expected 
A  value  recently  incorporated  into  the  City  ordinances  at  Chicago 
of  12  volts  maximum  is  considered  very  harsh,  but  the  pressure 
drop  along  a  pipe  situated  within  3  ft.  of  the  rails  may  easily  exceed 
10  per  cent,  of  the  total  rail  drop,  and  so  values  greatly  in  excess  of 
7  volts  are  not  to  be  encouraged. 

Legislation  alone  cannot  provide  complete  protection  against 
electrolysis.  It  must  be  assisted  by  careful  construction.  Metallic 
structures  must  not  approach  within  8  ft.  of  the  rails  (the  (ierman 
Commission  recommends  1  metre),  and  in  a  new  construction  or  re- 
construction, care  must  be  taken  to  reduce  to  a  minimum  the  number 
of  section-box  frames,  poles,  i.<cc.,  which  require  to  be  bonded  to  the 
rails  as  these  pass  down  amongst  the  pipes  beneath  the  footpath. 

Guard  wires  ought  to  be  insulated  from  the  poles  and  "earthed  ' 
by  means  of  insulated  cables  passing  down  the  interior  of  the  poles 
to  the  rails,  and  poles  carrying  gas-lamps  ought  to  have  triple 
insulation  rather  than  be  bonded  to  the  track,  as  the  latter  is 
equivalent  to  bonding  the  pipes  themselves  to  the  track,  which  is 
bad  practice. 


Discussion. 


Mr.  B.  Welboi'RX  agreed  that  they  should  endeavour  to  bring 
the  point  of  connection  of  the  feeder  to  the  rails  to  zero  potential 
throughout,  so  that  the  negative  feeder  should  be  used  in  the  most 
economical  manner ;  this  would  make  electrolysis  an  entirely 
negligible  quantity.  Had  the  authors  considered  the  raising  of  the 
pressure  on  the  trolley  wire  .'  If  the  pressure  were  raised  they 
would  enormously  decrease  the  expense  in  feeders,  both  positive 
and  negative,  and  would  also  have  a  great  many  other  advantages 
in  that  the  number  of  sub-stationt  would  be  reduced,  and  so  on 
There  was  no  inherent  diflficulty  in  making  trolley  wires  perfectly 


Vol.72.  No.  i,8!i8,  jandaky  10, 191S.]     THE    KLE(;TRICAri    IfKVIF^.W. 


77 


Hiifp,  ('vcn  if  an  iiuxiliiiry  »iiHjMinMion  hud  to  ho  employed  to  priivciit 
a  hrokon  wiro  from  fitlliii);  into  thi^  Htrciit.  It  wnH  for  Ihi:  doHienor 
of  tramway  iMiuipmcnt  to  Bay  what  tho  limit  waH  that  tramway 
motors  and  contndlcrH  could  be  arranired  for. 

Mr.  S.  L.  ri;AH('H  Kaid  it  would  liavo  been  very  iiitcre8tin(f  if 
they  could  liiivt^  had  Horiie  concrete  lijfiiroB  dealini;  with  the  Man- 
chester tramway  system,  showinif  how  tho  increased  service — the 
proportion  of  tho  larger  to  the  smaller  cars  -had  ofTected  the 
question  of  power.  A  strikintf  increase  of  power  had  been  required. 
The  authors  stated  that  "  in  view  of  tho  strict  limitation  of  the 
line  pressure  the  noverninjr  factor  in  the  feeder  designs  must,  at 
some  stajfO  in  the  development,  chanjfe  from  overheat  in(»  to  pressure 
droi),  and  that  boostintf  must  ultimately  be  resorted  to."  That  was 
a  rather  sweepinp  statement,  and  he  took  it  that  it  entirely  referred 
to  D.c.  GOO-volt  systems  ;  it  would  not  be  correct  in  the  case  of 
mixed  systems.  The  authors  referred  to  the  reluctance  of 
en^rineers  to  employ  feeders  luuch  larjrer  than  1  sq.  in.  in  cross- 
section.  He  recently  had  occasion  to  look  into  that,  and  had  come 
to  the  conclusion  that  where  it  was  necessary  to  use  a  total  of 
1  sq.  in  ,  it  was  better  to  use  two  halves  rather  than  1  in.  ;  it  enabled 
the  current  density  to  be  pushed  up  much  higher  with  two  halves 
than  by  using  one  1  in.,  and  even  after  allowing  for  the  slightly 
increased  cost  of  the  cable,  and  so  forth,  it  wa-s  still  a 
oomniercial  proposition.  The  authors  stated  that  the  amounts 
of  current  returning  by  the  respective  feeders,  if  of  tho 
same  size,  would  be  almost  inversely  proportional  to  their 
length,  and  they  went  on  to  say  that  tho  distribution  of 
the  return  eurrent  amongst  the  feeders  was  noverned  by  the 
nature  of  the  load  distribution.  His  experience  was  that  the 
low-resistance  rails  would  to  a  very  great  extent  swamp  the 
load  distribution,  and  that  by  employing  resistances  in  the  short 
negative  returns  to  a  liniitcii  extent,  the  current  did  return  by  the 
respective  negative  feeders  in  inverse  proportion  to  their  lengths. 
If  the  resistance  of  a  short  negative  was  increased  the  effect 
wa8  the  same  as  reducing  the  resistance  of  a  longer  one, 
and  the  balance  point  was  moved  only  in  one  direction. 
Frequently  it  would  be  found  that  it  was  far  better  to  cut  the 
bonds  and  allow  the  separate  negative  feeders  to  bring  back  their 
own  currents  respectively.  He  entirely  agreed  with  the  statement 
that  "  for  a  given  length  of  track,  with  increasing  loading,  the 
maximum  permissible  rail  drop  is  ultimately  attained,  when  copper 
must  be  provided  to  carry  any  additional  current,  and  as  this  copper 
is  operated  at  a  very  low  current  density,  its  use  is  very  uneco- 
nomical "  :  it  was  quite  a  mistake  to  attempt  to  put  copper  in 
parallel  with  the  rails  ;  if  there  w-as  any  copper  to  spare  it  should 
go  into  the  negative  feeders.  The  authors  stated  that  by  the  use 
of  negative  boosters  the  flow  of  current  in  the  rails  mi^ht  be  con- 
trolled ,in  a  manner  which  was  almost  ideal  :  but  was  it 
commercial  .'  There  was  a  very  great  difference  between 
necessary  conditions  and  ideal  conditions.  There  was  no 
electrolysis  in  Manchester.  In  many  cases  a  resistance  in  short 
negatives  was  used  to  eecure  all  that  was  really  necessary 
or  desirable.  The  strongest  point  for  the  use  of  negative 
boosters,  apart  from  the  ease  of  load  distribution,  was  the  fact  that 
pressure  loss  in  the  negative  feeders  was  no  longer  subtracted  from 
the  negative  section.  Fig.  7  would  be  of  very  great  value  when 
tackling  other  problems.  No  one  would  pretend  for  a  moment  that 
it  was  possible  to  install  the  negative  booster  for  such  low  capital 
expenditure  as  resistances.  The  authors  referred  to  the  necessity 
of  having  treble  insulation  when  tramway  standards  carried 
gas  lamps  ;  obviously  the  correct  thing  was  to  move  the  gas 
lamps. 

Mb.  .T.  S.  Peck  said  that  some  of  his  friends  in  America -had 
never  heard  of  negative  boosters,  and  did  not  know  what  they  were 
at  all,  evidently  owing  to  their  having  no  laws  in  America  until 
recently  regarding  the  allowable  drop  in  rails.  There  was  very 
little  attention  given  to  the  matter  as  long  as  the  current  got  back 
somehow  in  the  cheapest  and  easiest  way  ;  but  they  would  suffer 
for  that  in  the  long  run.  The  reason  why  electrolysis  was  coming 
more  into  effect  in  some  cities,  and  of  the  increasing  advance  with 
feeders,  both  positive  and  negative,  as  had  been  pointed  out  by  the 
authors,  was  the  general  tendency  to  force  up  the  schedule  speed 
and  the  general  increase  in  car  weight. 

Mk.  H.  a.  Ratclii  f  thought  that  the  negative  resistance  was 
not  always  understood.  As  an  energy-converting  device,  the  resist- 
ance had  precisely  100  per  cent,  etficiency,  and  a  booster  never 
approached  that  efficiency.  The  resistance  had  practically  no  main- 
tenance charges  or  running  cost,  and  no  capital  cost ;  it  would  not 
fulfil  the  ideal  conditions,  but  it  would  fulfil  the  necessary 
conditions. 

Mb.  E.  M.  Hollingswoeth  said  he  tried  running  negative 
feeders  without  boosting  some  years  ago,  but  they  were  absolutely 
useless.  Later  on,  owing  to  the  increafed  service,  it  was  found  that 
the  drop  was  excessive,  so  negative  boosters  were  put  in,  though 
they  could  not  possibly  get  the  ideal  conditions,  for  the  reason  that 
Mr.  Pt  arce  had  pointed  out.  At  St.  Helens  they  had  had  one  or  two 
bad  cases,  though,  perhaps,  thty  were  rather  peculiarly  placed  on 
account  of  chemical  works  at  that  place.  Two  fires  had  occurred 
owing  to  guard  wires  being  pulled  down  and  the  water  pipes  being 
in  contact  with  the  gas  service,  which  was,  perhaps,  150  yards 
away  ;  and  on  another  occasion  a  subway  caught  fire,  due  to  an 
electric  telephone  cable  which  was  carried  down  one  of  the 
standards.  The  guard  wire  was  again  the  cause  of  the  trouble, 
and  he  agreed  with  the  authors'  remarks  that  guard  wire?  should 
be  earth -connected  by  means  of  insulated  cables  :  this  also  applied 
to  gas  lamps.  He  had  tried  connecting  the  lead-covered  cables 
for  a  tramway  system  to  the  rails,  and  found  that  they  were  getting 
electrolysis,  so  he  disconnected  them,  and  since  that  time  he  had 
not  experienced  any  trouble. 

Mb.    C.   C.   Atchisos   said   as    time   went   on   schedules  were 


altered, "coiiditionH  of  working  were  different,  and  the  iiifia,Urn 
fr-e<ierH.  which  were  big  enough  U>  »ult  the  original  conditions,  wrr 
at  tho  prewnt  moment  siIi/iohI  uhcIohh.  Many  of  the  largo  under- 
tttkingH  miirht  have  tx-en  able  t'>  HtraighU-n  them  out,  but  <lilticatti«« 
arose  in  small  underlakingH.  Ho  did  not  think  radiating  nob- 
ieeders  were  as  good  tin  separate:  feeders  in  a  bii«y  arira.  If  sub- 
feeders  wrre  hiipplied  by  one  big  feeder,  and  the  big  fwder  wan  put 
in  on  a  busy  route,  p%T;ry  driver  on  that  route  would  be  trying  Ut 
start  at  the  same  time,  and  it  was  almost  imi»0(inible  to  keep  the 
breakers  in.  He  had  a  very  diBrespeotful  opinion  of  guard  wire*  i«i< 
a  whole.  He  did  not  approve  of  in-ulating  guard  wire«  and  trying 
to  keep  the  poles  and  pipes  insulated  and  separate  from  the  railB, 
because,  after  all,  one  wanted  to  prot(!<;t  the  pipe*.  In  towns  where 
the  municipality  workeil  the  tramways,  it  should  be  an  instrncti<in 
to  any  department  that  was  laying  pifieB  that  they  should  be  kept 
at  such  a  distance  as  to  be  safe.  Mr.  I'earce  had  pointed  out  that 
two  ()'.■>  cables  were  better  than  one  of  1  h<i.  in.,  and  from  pa»t 
experience  he  endorseil  the  statement  entirely. 

Mk.  a.  G.  Cooi'er  said  they  ought  to  put  down  heavier  railB  bo 
as  to  minimise  the  rail  drop,  because  the  extra  price  for  the  rails 
would  be  cheaper  than  putting  down  copper  feeders.  He  quite 
agreed  that  it  was  much  better  to  put  down  two  small  feeder* 
than  one  large  one  on  account  of  the  current  density. 

Mr.  K.  Rowlands  referred  to  fig.  x.  He  had  arranged  to  put 
all  the  feeders  through  the  booster,  and  in  the  event  of  the  breakers 
coming  out,  if  only  one  feeder  was  coupled  up,  there  would  still  be 
the  load  to  be  dealt  with  on  the  remaining  section,  as  in  this  ca.He 
there  were  two  separate  positive  feeders.  He  had  arranged  for  an 
electrical  control  governor  to  be  placed  on  the  end  of  the  shaft, 
which  cut  out  the  booster  before  it  reached  a  dangerous  speed. 
They  had  in  this  case  run  two  negative  0'8  in.  feeders  instead  of 
one  re  in.  With  regard  to  the  point  of  connection,  fig.  8.  he 
thought  that  the  connection  at  "  d  "  was  not  at  the  right 
point. 

Me.  C.  G.  L.  Preece  believed  Glasgow  was  the  first  to  adopt  the 
negative  booster,  and  had  paid  a  great  deal  of  attention  to  limiting 
the  rail  drop.  At  one  time  a  very  large  system  of  potential  wires 
was  used  in  its  system  of  negative  feeders,  and  the  function  of 
these  was  similar  to  what  the  authors  described  in  the  paper.  As 
far  as  he  remembered,  the  positions  of  the  negative  feeders  were 
fixed  from  results  obtained  from  the  system  of  potential  wires,  and 
on  a  visit  to  a  sub-station,  he  was  shown  the  drop  of  a  great 
number  of  sub-sections  in  the  city,  and  noticed  that  it  did  not 
exceed  2  volts  in  any  of  those  sections. 

T>n.  E.  Rosen  BEEG  said  he  could  not  follow  why  resistance  had 
100  per  cent,  efficiency  and  the  booster  only  80  per  cent.,  for  after 
all  if  they  wanted  to  generate  heat,  everything  had  100  per  cent, 
efficiency.  The  resistance  drop  was  a  dead  loss,  but  if  the  dead  loss 
was  only  for  a  few  hours  during  the  whole  year  the  yearly  annual 
efficiency  might,  of  course,  be  better  than  that  of  a  machine  with 
20  per  cent,  less  efficiency. 

Me.  H.  E.  Yerburt  (in  a  communication)  said  that  the 
deplorable  state  of  things  formerly  existing  in  Chicago  and  other 
American  cities  could  not  have  existed  under  B.  of  T.  rules  and 
regulations,  and  he  saw  no  reason  to  fear  any  trouble  now  that  over- 
loading conditions  prevailed  in  many  of  our  large  towns.  The  Sheffield 
Corporation  Act  of  1901  had  a  protective  provision  inserted  by  the 
Sheffield  Gas  Co.,  relative  to  possible  electrolytic  injury  or  damage 
to  mains,  pipes,  &c.,  and  although  the  loading  and  output  in  units 
had  been  more  than  trebled  since  that  year,  it  had  been  demon- 
strated to  the  satisfaction  of  the  company  that  no  trouble  had  taken 
place,  and  that  they  were  still  able  to  work  within  the  B.  of  T. 
limits.  With  respect  to  positive  feeding,  he  thought  the  system 
of  feeding  with  graded  distributors  was  preferable  in  point 
of  efficiency  and  economy  to  the  Manchester  system,  as  shown 
in  fig.  2.  He  saw  nothing  new  in  what  was  called  the 
authors'  design  (fig.  8).  The  correct  principles  of  negative 
boosters  and  returns  were  dealt  with  by  himself  in  an  informal 
paper  read  before  the  Leeds  Local  Section  of  the  I  E.E.  on  April 
13th,  1905,  which  was  published  in  the  technical  journals.  With 
regard  to  present  legislation,  taken  as  a  whole  the  results  were 
satisfactory  to  all  concerned.  Still,  he  thought  the  Limit  of 
9  amperes  per  sq.  in.  for  the  current  density  in  the  rails  could  be 
exceeded  under  certain  conditions,  without  harmful  results. 

The  Authors,  in  reply,  said  that  boosters  were  not  recommended 
for  cases  where  other  and  cheaper  methods  were  available,  but  there 
were  conditions  of  loading  where  only  boosters  would  enable  the 
requirements  to  be  fulfilled.  W'here  possible  with  economy,  the 
control  of  return  circuits  by  the  balancing  of  feeders  was  advisable, 
but  was  limited,  with  extra  heavy  loading,  by  the  loss  of  pressure 
in  the  return  feeders.  This  loss  was  not  obtained  if  negative 
boosters  were  used.  With  respect  to  Mr.  Pearce's  remarks  rr  the 
use  of  two  i  sq.  in.  feeders  in  place  of  a  1  sq.  in.  feeder,  they  referred 
more  particularly  to  heavier  feeders  than  those,  and  advised  multiple 
feeders  on  grounds  of  greater  facility  in  handling  and  laying, 
greater  reliability  in  operation,  and  greater  factor  of  safety,  with 
the  advantage  that  breakdown  of  one  component  did  not  cut  out 
the  whole  feeder.  There  were  objections  to  the  use  of  a  large 
number  of  boosters  in  a  single  station,  and  the  compound  feeder 
was  put  forward  to  minimise  the  number  of  boosters.  They  again 
emphasised  the  importance  of  keeping  pipes  and  metal  work  at 
least  i  ft.  distant  from  the  rails.  The  Chicago  rails  were  bonded 
at  all  possible  places  to  the  elevated  railway  structure,  and  the 
result  had  not  been  such  as  to  support  the  principle  of  such  bond- 
ing. In  addition  the  pipes  were  bonded  to  the  rail  at  all  parte  of 
the  system,  yet  the  resulting  damage  from  electrolj  sis  was  notorious. 
It  was  of  greater  importance  to  know  what  currents  the  negative 
feeders  were  carrying  than  was  the  case  with  positive  feedeis. 
The  suggestion  to  use  heavier  rails  so  as  to  utilise  steel  in  place  of 
copper,  presupposed  the  advisability  of  employing  hare  conductors 


78 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.     [Vol.  72.    No.  1,833,  January  lO,  191H. 


in  parallel  with  the  rail,  which  they  had  stated  to  be  inadvisable 
on  acconnt  of  the  low  efficiency  and  heavy  expense.  The  results 
indicated  the  correctness  of  the  design  in  6g.  8. 


THE    JOHANNESBURG    TURBINE 
CONTRACT. 


Earthed  v.  rneart)ied  Xciitrals  on  Alternating-Current 
Systems. 

The  paper  on  this  subject,  by  Mr.  J.  S.  Peck,  of  which  an 
abstract  was  pivcn  in  our  issue  of  December  tith,  l!il2,  was  read 
before  the  Xkwcastle  Local  Section  of  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  ENciNEERSon  December  9th,  ]'.»12.'' 

Mr.  W.  C.  Mountain,  chairman,  in  openinpr  the  discussion,  said 
for  private  installation  work  he  favoured  unearthed  neutrals,  and 
from  a  colliery  eng-ineer's  point  of  view  he  thought  that  this 
system  was  advisable.  The  confusion  which  would  result  from  a 
sudden  cnttinp-off  of  all  power  and  lipht  would  be  far  worse  than 
an  earth  on  an  insulated  system.  He  had  always  hesitated  about 
pnttinp  automatic  features  underground,  and  preferred  a  leakage 
indicator. 

Mr.  C.  Vernier  (X.E.S.  Co.)  said  that  he  was  a  firm  believer  in 
earthing  everywhere,  without  exception.  A  cable  generally  broke 
down  to  earth  first,  and  it  was  advisable  to  isolate  it  as  quickly  as 
possible,  and  before  it  had  time  to  develop  a  fault  to  earth.  On  an 
insulated  system  some  time  was  required  to  locate  the  fault,  and  while 
this  was  being  done  there  was  always  the  risk  of  another  fault  occur- 
ring on  another  phase.  While  tmall  systems  might  be  left  unearthed, 
at  the  discretion  of  the  engineer,  he  considered  that  those  .•systems 
which  were  at  present  running  satisfactorily  without  earthing 
would  eventually  find  it  advantageous  to  earth  when  they  reached 
a  certain  size.  Telephone  disturbances  were  almost  entirely  due  to 
electrostatic  induction,  and  with  one  phase  earthed  the  whole 
electrostatic  balance  of  the  system  was  upset.  In  his  opinion  the  . 
neutral  should  be  earthed  for  distribution  circuits,  and  he  attri- 
buted the  freedom  from  serious  accidents  in  this  country  to  the 
usual  practice  of  earthing  in  such  cases.  The  reduced  cost  of 
insulation  by  earthing  the  neutral  was  not  worth  considering 
for  voltages  up  to  50,000,  but  above  this  it  might  be  worth  while, 
especially  where  corona  effects  were  present  to  take  care  of  pressure 
rises.  He  strongly  disagreed  with  the  suggestion  that  in  order  to 
maintain  continuity  of  supply,  high-tension  lines  should  not 
necessarily  be  cut  off  in  the  event  of  a  fault,  as  this  was  simply 
balancing  the  cost  of  a  duplicate  supply  against  the  danger  to  life. 
Whatever  views  might  be  held  in  other  countries,  this  was  con- 
sidered most  important  in  this  one,  and  there  was  already  quite 
suiBcient  prejudice  against  overhead  work  without  introducing 
any  doubts  regarding  safety.  "Split-conductor"  protection,  which 
was  the  latest  development  in  protective  devices,  promised  to  be  of 
great  importance,  as  it  operated  in  the  most  positive  manner  on  the 
breakage  of  a  conductor  wire. 

Prof.  W.  M.  Thornton  (Armstrong  College)  mentioned  that  in 
every  electrical  circuit  the  resultant  current  was  zero,  and  he  could 
not  understand  why  it  fhould  be  considered  necessary  to  raise  this 
point  so  often.  Referring  to  fig.  1,  he  asked  what  was  the  smallest 
earth  current  at  which  the  system  would  operate. 

Mr.  Hunter  said  that  it  could  be  made  to  operate  with  1  per 
cent,  of  the  line  current,  but  a  delicate  relay  was  necessary. 

Prof.  Thornton  (continuing)  remarked  that  the  opinion  was 
held,  especially  amongst  mining  men.  that  the  risk  of  breakdown 
was  increased  by  earthing  the  neutral,  and  it  was  interesting  to 
note  that  the  authors  opinion  was  to  the  contrary.  Regarding  the 
presence  of  surges  following  arcing  between  phases,  he  put  forward 
the  theory  that  these  were  due  to  the  condenser  action  of  the  incan- 
descent metallic  vapour  in  conjunction  with  the  reactance  of  the 
line,  thus  forming  a  circuit  which  would  resonate  with  gnat 
violence.  Instead  of  using  resistances  for  earthing  the  neutral,  he 
suggested  the  use  of  choke  coils,  on  the  assumption  that  the  cost  of 
these  would  not  prove  prohibitive. 

Mr.  p.  V.  Hunter (Merz  &  McLellan)  said  that  he  had  had  fx- 
perience  of  unearthed  neutrals  in  the  early  days  of  the  Durham 
Collieries  system,  and  had  found  that  when  one  fault  occurred 
other  faults  occurred  simultaneously  at  one  or  more  parts  of  the 
system,  probably  due  to  the  free  energy  liberated  when  one  phase 
went  to  earth.  He  had  known  cases  where  high  voltages  had 
o^scurred  on  low-voltage  systems  having  insulated  neutrals  ;  in  one 
case  a  fiOOvolt  system  fed  through  a  transformer  from  6,000  volts, 
sparked  through  a  paper  disk  which  would  stand  at  least  1,200 
volts.  With  regard  to  "potential  front,"  he  had  come  across  one 
ca»e  where  sparking  took  place  over  a  10-in.  gap  on  a  boosting 
transformer  which  normally  could  not  have  more  than  2,000  volts 
across  its  terminals.  Such  sparking  could  only  be  explained  by 
"potential  front"  when  switching  the  cable  and  booster  together 
Mr.  F.  O.  Hunt  referred  to  a  device  brought  out  by  Mr.  M.  B. 
Field,  which  worked  on  the  same  principle  as  that  shown  in  fig.  1, 
but  in  that  case  the  magnetic  fields  were  balanced  and  not  the 
currents.  He  thought  that  a  choking  coil  in  the  esrlh  connection 
might  form  a  resonating  circuit  with  very  low  resistance,  in  con- 
junction with  the  capacity  of  the  cable  network. 


>or\ray's  Electrioal  Imports, — .Accordinf!:  to  the  latest 

pttttistjris  published,  Norway  wa-  an  importer  in  ll'l  I  of  cable  and 
insulated  wire  to  the  value  of  l.'.Hil.OOO  kr.  :  of  accumulators  and 
accessories  to  ''.>  ()00  kr.  :  of  electric  npparntu«,  including  tele- 
phf  nfH  anil  telegraphic  inf-trtimrnts  to  :(r.H.O(iO  kr.  :  of  glow  lamps, 
to  4'.i^,0iiO  kr  ;  and  arc  lamps.  lO.Ood  kr  About  three-fourths  of 
these  goods  were  supplied  by  Germany. —  f^M.  XeiUchrift. 


JuDOMENT  was  given  by  Mr.  Justice  Ward  on  December  3rd  in  the 
Witwatersrand  Division  of  the  Supreme  Court,  ii  the  action  for 
libel  brought  by  Mr.  John  Taylor  against  the  Rand  Daily 
Mnil,  Ltd.,  and  his  decision  was  published  in  the  Johannesburg 
newspapers. 

His  Lordship  said  :  The  plaintiff  in  this  case  is  a  solicitor,  and 
has  been  since  1907  the  town  clerk  of  Johannesburg.    Among  other 
enterprises  carried  on  by  the  Municipality  of  Johannesburg  is  the 
manufacture  of  electricity   for  the  purpose    of   running    its   own 
tramcars,  and  of  supplying  the  inhabitants  with  light  and  power. 
The  first  plant  contracted  for  by  the  Council  consisted  of  certain 
gas  engines,  which  proved  an  absolute  failure,  and  in  April,  1907.  it 
became  necessary  to  install  a  new  plant  as  quickly  as  possible.    The 
Council  then  had  an  advisory  board  of  expert  engineers  in  con- 
nection with  the  gas  engines,  and,  under  the  advice  of  this  board, 
a    steam    plant  was  purchased   from    Messrs.    Reunert    \    Lenz. 
Rapidity  of  delivery  was  essential,  and  the  contractors  tendered  to 
deliver  in  eight  weeks,  as  against  the  next  tender  of  13  weeks.     In 
1907  another  set  was  purchased,  and  here  again  rapidity  of  delivery 
was  essential,  and  the  order  was  given  to  Messrs.  Reunert  A:  Lenz, 
who  contracted  to  deliver  in  16  weeks,  as  against  the  next  tender 
of  36  weeks.     A   third  order  for  1,000-KW.  and  .OOO-KW.  sets  was 
considered  in  February,  190S  :  quick  delivery  was  again  an  essential, 
and    the    order    was    again   given    to    Messrs.    Reunert   A:    Lenz, 
who      undertook      delivery      two      months     earlier      than     next 
tender.     A  fourth  order  was  also  given  to  Messrs.  Reunert  &  Lenz 
for  a  1,000-KW.  set.    There  was  no  question  of  rapid  delivery  in 
this  case.     Tinders  were  called  for  a  1,000-KW.  set,  and  the  choice 
lay  between  the  plant  accepted  for  £12,695,  or  a  1,800-KW.  Parsons 
turbine  set   for   £13.450,  both   of  which  were  on   exhibition  and 
ready   for  delivery.      The    latter  set   was    racommended  by   the 
manager,  as  also  by  the  Tramway  Committee  of  the  Council.    The 
Council,  however,  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Reunert  &  Lenz. 
The  defendants,  in  their  issue  of  August  4th,  1908,  commended  the 
Council  for  its  action,  on  the  ground  that  direct  current  turbines 
were  still  experimental  so  far  as  Johannesburg  was  concerned,  and 
that  the   Council  was  consequently  taking  the  safer  course.    In 
the  case  of  the  second  set,  a    board    of  technical  advisers  recom- 
mended a  Parsons  turbine.    But  the  Council  rejected  the  advice, 
and  ordered  a  set  from  Messrs.  Reunert  A;  Lenz  on  account  of  the 
rapidity  of  delivery.     The  plaintiff  had   nothing   to  do  with  any 
of  these  purchases.     He  was  the  town  clerk,  but  as  I   understand 
the  matter  was  decided  by  the  Council  independently  of  him,  and 
in   the  case  of  the   fourth  order   he  was  away  in  England,    An 
engineer  named  Thomas  was  at  the  time  these  orders  were  placed 
the  manager  of   the  electrical  department.     In  September,  1911, 
the  Council  decided  to  order  further  plant  and  to  call  for  tenders 
fx)r  that  purpose.     Prof.   Dobson,   the  manager  of  the  electrical 
department,   was  entrusted  with   the   duty   of    making   out  the 
specifications  and  conditions  of  tender.     As  it  was  desired  to  have 
the  plant  ready  for  the  Christmas  load  of  1912,  it  was  decided  to 
make  the  period  for  delivery  15  weeks. 

On  January  31st,  1912,  Prof.  Dobson.  the  Council's  manager, 
reported  on  the  various  tenders  received,  and  recommended  the 
acceptance  of  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Reunert  &  Lenz.  This  wag 
reported  on  by  the  Tramway  Committee  on  February  2nd,  1912,  and 
sent  forward  to  the  Council.  On  February  13th,  1912,  a  letter  was 
sent  to  the  Council  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  criticising 
Dobson's  rej-ort.  The  matter  was  referred  back  to  the  Tramway 
Committee,  with  a  recommendation  to  have  the  tenders  reported  on 
by  a  (lovemment  electrical  engineer  or  three  experts  appointed  by 
tie  Council.  On  March  11th,  1912,  the  Tramwiy  Committee  met 
ihe  Chamber  of  Commerce  representatives,  who  were,  in  fact,  the 
unsuccessful  tenderers,  as  their  reprfsentatives  and  the  representa- 
tive of  the  successful  tenderer.  Naturally,  therefore,  the  representa- 
tives were  not  quite  unanimous  in  their  views.  Certain  letters  and 
criticisms  were  then  sent  to  the  Council  by  these  representatives. 
T.  Dobson,  the  general  manager,  made  a  report  in  reply.  On  March 
26th,  1912,  Messrs.  Rider  and  Tipjiett,  the  former  an  eminent  elec- 
trical and  mechanical  engineer,  and  the  latter  a  civil  engineer  who 
holds  the  position  of  chief  engineer  of  the  South  African  Railways, 
and  has  had  considerable  experience  in  contracts,  were  appointed  as 
a  board  to  report  as  to  which  was  the  most  advantageous  tender  for 
the  Council  to  accept,  the  board  bearing  in  mind  the  condition  of 
affairs  at  the  power  station  :  nnd,  further,  Prof.  Dobson's  three 
reports  referred  to  in  the  criticisms  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
and  on  those  criticisms,  Prof.  Dobson's  reply  to  these  criticisms  ; 
to  report  generally  on  any  matter  at  the  power  station  which,  in 
the  opinion  of  the  board,  affected  the  questions  submitted  to  it.  On 
April  17th,  1912,  Messrs.  Rider  and  Tippett  reported  at  considerable 
length.  On  April  19th,  1912,  the  Tramway  Committee  instructed 
the  town  clerk  to  report  upon  the  engineers'  report.  On  April  22nd, 
1912,  the  plaintiff  reported  at  great  length  on  the  situation  and  on 
the  engineers'  (i./'.,  Messrs.  Rider  and  Tippett's)  report.  He  had 
the  assistance  of  two  technical  advisers  on  the  town  staff. 
Prof.  Dobson  was  at  this  time  ill.  The  plaintiff  says  that 
if  this  had  not  been  go.  Prof.  Dobson  would  have  been  asked  to 
report  instead  of  himself.  The  engineers  recommended  the  accep- 
tance of  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Sykes  A:  Co.  The  plaintiff's  report 
was  considered  by  the  Tramway  Committee,  who  recommended  the 
acceptance  of  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Reun»rt  A:  Lenz,  recommended 
by  Prof.  Dobson.  This  recom mend iit ion  was  accepted  by  the 
Council  on  April  23rd,  1912.  On  April  25th,  1912,  a  motion  was 
brought  before  the  Council  to  rescind  this  resolution,  but  it  was 
lost.  A  great  deal  of  excitement  and  commtnt  was  caused  in  the 
town,  and  the  action  of  the  Town  Council  was  freely  discussed.     On 


Vol.  7l'."  No.  i.8;):i,  .l.\Nii.\itY  m,  i!»i;i. 


'i'lri'i   KUXTKiCAr.   Hi:vii;\v 


79 


.funu  'Jlr^l,  r.ll2,  Ihf  (lefrijilaiitH  published  iu  their  Ihhuc  uf  that  date 
an  article  takon  from  tho  lOl.i-xnicicAl,  Uuviicw,  Londuii,  which  is 
tho  article  cuiii))Iain<t(1  of  in  thiti  itction. 

Tho  plaintilT  has  hcI  forth  certain  paH»utr«H'in  Iuh  duularation  to 
which  ho  attach(^s  certain  innncndocH,  and  tho  Conrt  in  aitkod  to  hold 
that  tho  pimsnucB  hoar  tho  ineanini;  ii1I''({cd,  takinj;  into  conmdera- 
tion  the  whole  tononr  of  th<^  article  and  the  snrroundini;  oircuni- 
wtaneos.  Tlio  Hnrroupdini;  circuinstftncos  roliod  n]ioii  are  that 
charjreH  of  bribery  and  corrupti  >n  wore  boini^  freely  made  in 
opeechen  by  town  conncillorH,  which  wori^  jiiiljlithed  in  the 
defendants'  paper.  Thus  on  .lunc  1  Ith,  11)12,  a  Mr.  Hornbertf,  who 
appears  to  have  at  that  time  been  the  (general  secretary  of 
the  South  African  Labour  I'arty,  is  reported  to  have  said,  at  a 
meetinfi:  of  a  branch  of  that  party  for  tho  purpose  of  expelling'  a  Mr. 
Jackson  from  the  party  for  his  action  in  connection  with  "  the 
turbine  trouble,"  which  1  presume  refers  to  the  contract  in  question  : 
"  If  they  had  any  Labour  principles  at  all,  those  principles  were  that 
they  should  be  solid  on  all  matters  in  which  there  was  a  reasonable 
suspicion  of  bribery  and  corruption."  On  June  27th,  l',)12,  a 
leadinf?  article  was  ])ublished  in  the  defendants'  paper  in  which 
it  was  stated  :  "  The  meetinfjs  of  the  Council  degenerate  into 
scenes  of  turbulence,  in  which  charges  of  jobbery  and  graft  are 
hurled  with  distressing  frequency,"  and  sujjgested  that  new  men 
must  be  sent  to  the  Council  able  to  transact  business  with  dignity 
an  j  in  a  manner  not  calculated  to  arouee  suspicion.  On  March  24th. 
1912,  a  Mr,  Mulvey,  is  reported  in  defendants'  issue  of  that  date  to 
have  said  in  the  Council  :  "He  had  heard  of  graft  in  America,  but 
he  thought  that  Johannesburg  could  give  the  average  American 
city  points."  Then,  after  referring  to  Messrs.  Rider  and  Tippett, 
he  continues  :  "The  time  has  come  for  a  Government  inquiry  upon 
oath  into  the  affairs  of  the  Johannesburg  Town  Council."  On 
July  2nd,  1912,  a  Mr.  Benson,  another  councillor,  is  reported  to 
have  said  :  "  He  had  never  accused  Prof.  Dobson  of  taking  bribes  ;  " 
then,  after  quoting  from  the  Electrical  Review  (i.i:,  the  article 
complained  of),  to  have  added  that  his  position  was  supported  by  that 
article.  He  had  submitted  the  urgency  report  to  judicial  authorities, 
and  they  had  one  and  all  asked,  Who's  getting  something  out  of  it  .' 
On  June  2»)th,  1912,  Mr.  Mulvey,  again  moved  that,  in  view  of  the 
serious  allegations  contained  in  the  Eli'Xiteical  Review  on 
May  30th  re  the  management  of  the  town  of  Johannesburg's  business 
ail'airs  and  other  allegations  made  from  time  to  time,  "we  approach 
the  Government  for  an  independent  inquiry."  I  have  set  forth 
these  circumstances  at  this  juncture,  as  it  is  perhaps  more  con- 
venient to  have  collected  before  one  the  circumstances  on  which 
the  plaintiff  relics  as  proving  his  innuendo  before  dealing  with  the 
actual  words.  These  may  be  divided  into  three  classes  : — (1)  The 
defendants'  own  attitude  as  shown  by  the  article  calling  attention 
to  the  matter  complained  of,  and  to  the  reply  to  the  letter  of 
demand.  (2)  The  fact  that  prior  to  the  publication  of  the  article 
charges  were  made  in  public  in  connection  with  this  particular 
contract  that  there  was  corruption  somewhere.  (3)  The  fact  that 
the  same  charges  were  made  after  the  publication  of  the  article, 
and  that  speakers  referred  to  the  article  as  containing  grave 
charges. 

That  the  article  contained  grave  charges  of  mismanagement  was 
stated  by  Mr.  Mulvey.  Mr.  Benson's  position,  which  he  says  was 
justified  by  the  article,  it  is  rather  difficult  to  find,  but  I  do  not  see 
any  charge  of  bribery  made  except  as  a  deduction  by  certain 
judicial  authorities  from  the  urgency  report.  It  was  contended 
that  the  defendants  are  bound  by  a  meaning  attached  to  the  words 
in  speeches  of  third  parties,  seeing  that  they  have  reported  such 
speeches  without  contradiction.  But  in  the  case  of  a  newspaper  it 
cannot  be  said  that  the  editor  is  cognisant  of  the  meaning  attached 
to  words  used,  although  there  may  be  a  report  of  a  speech  in  his 
paper  which  gives  that  meaning  to  them.  This  point,  and  the  fact 
that  one  or  two  individuals  attach  a  certain  meaning  to  the  words, 
may  be  considered  by  the  Court  sitting  as  a  jury,  but  the  jury  are 
entitled  to  reject  such  meaning.  Coming  now  to  the  article  com- 
plained of,  this  starts  by  giving  a  history  of  the  first  four  contracts, 
which  is  fairly  accurate  until  we  come  to  the  summing-up  of  the 
situation,  when  we  read  :  "  Thus  we  see  four  contracts  given  away 
to  one  firm  at  prices  far  in  excess  of  what  need  have  been  paid  and 
in  face  of  the  best  engineering  advice  procurable,  which  advice  was 
not  offered  in  an  officious  manner,  but  was  solicited,  and  we  pre- 
sume paid  for  by  this  Council."  This  statement  is  not  true.  Only 
one  of  the  contracts  was  given  contrary  to  the  technical  advice  out- 
side the  municipality's  own  advisers.  With  regard  to  three  of  the 
contracts,  time  of  delivery  was  the  most  important  factor.  In  one 
case,  the  Council  refused  to  make  an  experiment  by  using  turbines, 
and,  in  the  other,  they  refrained  from  taking  an  1,800-kw.  set  which 
was  ready  for  delivery  in  favour  of  a  1,000-icw.  set  which  was  also 
ready.  'Tenders  had  been  called  for  a  1 ,000-KW.  set.  The  article  goes 
on  then  to  give  an  account,  not  inaccurate,  of  the  history  of  the  last 
tender,  with  some  account  of  the  board's  report  {i.e.,  of  the  report 
of  Messrs.  Rider  and  Tippett).  Then  it  goes  on  :  "  The  town  clerk 
of  Johannesburg,  to  whom,  as  the  executive  head  of  the  Corpora- 
tion staff,  the  report  was  sent,  took  it  upon  himself  to  criticise  it," 
This  is  not  true.  The  plaintiff  was  instructed  by  his  Committee  to 
make  a  report  upon  the  report.  It  is  said  that  this  does  not  mean 
criticising  it,  and  consequently  he  did  take  it  upon  himself  to 
criticise  it.  He  was  asked  to  make  his  report,  and  I  do  not  see 
how  he  was  to  do  so  without  criticising  the  report.  It  was  his 
duty  to  give  his  views  ;  his  views  may  or  may  not  have  been  inept, 
but  it  was  his  duty  to  give  them.  Messrs.  Rider  and  Tippett  con- 
sidered that  their  report,  being  technical,  would  not  be  understood 
by  the  Council,  and  did  not  think  it  should  be  criticised  ;  they 
would  never  have  made  it  if  they  had  thought  it  was  to  be 
criticised,  so  they  say.  And  the  attitude  of  the  article  is  that 
Messrs.  Rider  and  Tippett's  report  was  from  the  nature  of  the  case 
beyond    criticism,   especially  by  laymen.       But   after    a  i  careful 


pcruHal  of  b'jth  Ihi-  npcjrt  and  the  i:ritii;iniii  of  Ihi-  plaiiitilT  in  no 
far  an  the  buniniwn  |H>rtioii  of  it  in  concornul  apart  from  Ihi- 
technical  portion,  tho  obHervationH  of  the  plaintiff  ap[><;ar  to  nii>  tij 
have  JM.'on  (juito  called  for  and  joiit.  He  in  jxiintini^  out  Ui  hin 
Committee  tho  practice  laid  down  prcvlouHly  a*  ho  wan  obliifod  to 
do  ;  th('  qucHtion,  for  iuHtance,  of  having  a  M-i>arato  tender  for 
foundations  or  oroi;ting  them  departmentally  mi((ht  make  a  vital 
difference  in  tho  (;ouncirH  vinw.  There  in  no  doubt  that  the  rxtiTfr.t 
course  then  was  to  call  the  board'n  attention  to  the  Council* 
attitude  on  those  pfjints,  so  that  tho  Council  couM  K'-t  the  benefit 
of  its  advice  from  that  point  of  view.  With  regard  to  tho  technical 
point,  it  is  impoHsiblc  to  judge  of  the  moritM,  but,  although 
differences  may  bo  only  a  matter  of  opinion,  the  Council  certoinly 
should  have  borne  in  mind  that  they  had  eminent  independent 
technical  advice  onono  side  as  opposed  to  that  of  their  nerTantii  on 
the  other.  They  may  have  paid  attention  to  thin  for  all  I  know  , 
whether  they  did  or  not  I  cannot  hoc  that  the  plaintiff  was  in  any 
way  to  blamo  for  putting  before  thdii  the  views  of  their  technical 
advisers,  seeing  that  he  was  asked  to  report.  To  proceed  with  tho 
article;  "His  criticism  extends  over  35  pages  of  typewritttn 
matter,  and  for  a  thoroughly  bumptious,  conHef^nential  and 
extravagantly-absurd  concoction,  we  have  never  seen  its 
equal."  This  is  said  to  be  libellous,  and  the  innuendo 
is  that  either  the  plaintiff  is  incompetent  as  a  town 
clerk,  or  that  he  was  dishonest  in  his  criticism  of 
the  report.  But  I  do  not  think  the  words  can  be  made 
to  bear  that  cons-truction.  The  writer  is  entitled  to  express  hia 
opinion  of  the  merits  of  the  town  clerk's  report  as  a  literary  or 
technical  production  provided  he  does  not  impute  dishonest  or  dis- 
graceful motives.  The  view  of  the  writer  of  the  article  is  clearly 
largely  influenced  by  the  fact  that  a  layman  was  exhibiting  the 
audacity  to  criticise  a  technical  report.  But  that  does  not  affect 
the  (luestion  as  to  whether  the  words  are  defamatory.  In  my 
opinion,  they  do  not,  as  they  stand,  bear  out  the  innuendo  alleged. 
The  article  proceeds  with  the  history  of  the  breaking  down  of  a 
certain  turbine.  The  plaintiff  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  the 
board  liad  concluded,  from  the  papers  before  them,  that  Messrs. 
Reunert  A:  Lenz  were  entirely  responsible  for  the  breakdown,  and 
remarks  that  they  are  not  in  a  pcstion  to  give  a  judgment  on  the 
point,  inasmuch  as  Messrs.  Reunert  iV  Lenz's  answer  was  not  before 
them.  It  is  not  necessary  to  decide  whether  he  was  right  or  wrong 
in  this  ;  the  view,  from  a  legal  standpoint,  is  not  without  merits, 
though  a  board  of  experienced  technical  experts  doubtless  thought 
they  had  sufficient  to  form  a  judgment  on  the  matter.  The  article 
says  : — "  We  hope  these  words,  which  we  presume,  express  the  con- 
sidered opinion  of  the  town  clerk,  as  the  legal  adviser  of  the 
Corporation,  will  be  duly  noted  by  the  manufacturers. '  I  have 
been  unable  to  find  what  is  meant  by  this  ;  no  explsuiation  was 
offered  in  argument  by  either  side  ;  but  I  take  it  the  writer  is 
commending  to  the  notice  of  the  manufacturers  the  fact  that  the 
town  clerk's  view  is  that  a  Belliss  turbine  should  not  be  condemned  / 
as  defective  mechanically  until  it  is  established  that  the  accident  to 
the  No.  2  turbine  was  caused  by  mechanical  defects.  This  does  net 
appear  to  me  to  be  defamatory. 

The  article  proceeds: — ">iext  we  find  this  choplogic  genius 
arguing  over  the  meaning  of  the  word  dismantled.  They  saw  No.  2 
turbine  dismantled,  said  Messrs.  Rider  and  Tippett.  The  town  clerk 
pretends  to  think  that  this  might  lead  people  to  suppose  that  it  was 
being  taken  down  as  useless  and  condemn  the  board's  report  on  this 
account.''  It  is  said  the  sting  in  this  is  in  the  use  of  the  word 
"  pretends."  I  do  not  think  that  this  is  defamatory.  The  words 
"  pretends  to  think  "  quite  clearly  are  capable  of  meaning  that  the 
defendant  falsely  stages  that  he  thinks,  whereas  he  does  not,  which 
would  certainly  be  defamatory  and  bear  out  the  innuendo  that  he 
was  dishonest  in  his  criticism.  But  the  expression  also  means 
"professes  to  think,''  which  does  not  mean  he  puts  in  a  claim 
falsely.  The  expression  is  a  rhetorical  one,  which  is  used  to 
express  strongly  the  view  of  the  writer  that  an  expression  which 
has  been  criticised  cannot  bear  the  meaning  attached  to  it  by  the 
critic.  In  my  opinion,  that  is  all  that  the  expression  means  here, 
and  is  not,  in  my  opinion,  speaking  as  a  juryman,  defamatory.  The 
writer  does  not  think  that  anyone  can  take  the  view  that  the  words 
used  in  the  report  by  the  board  were  open  to  misconstruction.  For 
my  part.  I  must  say  that  I  think  the  words  were  quite  capable  of 
bearing  the  construction  to  a  lay  mind  that  Mr.  Taylor  says  they 
bore  to  more  than  one  town  councillor.  The  expression,  "  We  saw 
dismantled,"  is  certainly  open  to  the  construction,  "We  saw  in  a 
dismantled  state."  The  report  is  not  condemned  on  this  account, 
but  the  expression  is  explained  for  the  benefit  of  the  readers 
who  Mr.  Rider  said  he  never  expected  would  understand  his 
report.  But  though  I  am  satisfied  there  was  no  pretence  at 
all  in  the  town  clerk  elucidating  the  expression  by  a  reference  to 
the  facts— I  do  not  think  this  passage  defamatory.  The  ex- 
pression is  purely  rhetorical,  and  does  not,  in  my  opinion,  convey 
any  imputation  against  the  plaintiff's  character.  The  next  passage 
set  forth  in  the  declaration,  and  which  follows  immediately  in  the 
article  is  this :— "  He  then  goes  on  to  prate  of  professional  conduct  and 
the  fact  that  Prof.  Dobson's  reputation  was  in  their  hands.  Now  the 
board  treated  him  with  quite  as  much  consideration  as  he  deserved, 
and  quite  as  much,  to  judge  from  our  prefatory  remarks  on  the 
contracts,  as  he  was  accustomed  to  obtain."  This  passage  contains 
a  very  serious  misstatement  of  tact — in  that  it  suggests  Prof. 
Dobson  was  connected  with  the  former  contracts,  when,  as  a  fact, 
he  was  not  in  the  employ  of  the  Council  at  that  time — but  the 
whole  passage  appears  to  be  more  an  attack  on  Prof,  Dobson  than 
on  the  plaintiff  ;  but  the  sentence  clearly  shows  that  the  writer 
was  not  careful  to  inquire  who  was  connected  with  the  other  con- 
tracts, and  it  may  be  of  importance,  when  one  comes  to  examine 
the  meaning  of  the  text  of  the  articles  tus  a  whole. 
(To  be  ccmludt'd.) 


80 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [Voi.72.  no.  1,833,  jakcabv  10,  191s. 


FOREIGN  AND  COLONIAL  TARIFFS  ON 
ELECTRICAL  GOODS. 


Amendments. 

MEXICO. — With  reference  to  a  notice  which  appeared  in  these 
columns  recently  regardinp  proposed  increases  in  the  rate.s  of  duty 
on  imported  poods  levieil  under  the  Mexican  Customs  Tariff,  the 
Board  of  Trade  have  received  telegraphic  information  from  the 
British  Legation  in  Mexico  to  the  effect  that  the  previous  Bill  has 
not  been  passed,  and  that  the  Mexican  Government  intend  to  present 
to  Contrresa  a  modified  project  providinfr  for  the  increase  of  the 
Customs  duties  by  7  per  cent,  in  addition  to  the  increase  of  5  per 
cent,  whii'h  was  previously  proposed.  If  Conpress  does  not  pass  the 
new  Bill  during:  the  present  session  a  special  session  will  be  called 
to  deal  with  the  matter. 

ROUMANIA. — A  considerable  amount  of  trade  with  Roumania 
is  carried  on  '•/</  certain  European  porta  which  possess  what  are 
known  as  ''  free  zones  " — i.e.,  sections  of  the  open  port  which  are  in 
the  nature  of  bonded  districts.  When  gfoods  are  transhipped  at 
these  ports  for  final  destination  in  Roumania.  it  is  often  difficult  to 
determine  the  actual  country  in  which  they  originated,  and  as  the 
Roumanian  tariff  is  divided  into  two  psirts.  one  the  General 
Chigher)  tariff,  applicable  to  countries  not  entitled  to  most 
favoured  nation  treatment,  and  the  other,  the  Conventional  (lower) 
tariff,  applicable  to  countries  having  treaty  arrangements  with 
Koumania,  the  duties  to  be  levied  on  the  goods  are  open  to  doubt. 
The  Customs  Authorities  have,  therefore,  decided  that  goods 
arriving  in  Roumania  from  the  undermentioned  European  ports 
possessing  a  '"  free  zone "'  cannot  be  assessed  for  duty  under  the 
Ronmanian  "Conventional ''  Tariff  unless  they  are  accompanied  by  a 
certificate  of  origin  which  specifies  the  country  of  production  or 
manufacture  of  the  goods  :  — 

Aiintria-Jliinqdni. — Trieste  and  Fiume. 

Italy. — Genoa,  Leghorn,  Oneglia  and  Venice. 

(Jerinaiiij. — Hamburg,  Cuxhaven,  Bremerhaven,  Gee.stemiinde, 
Euiden,  Xeufahrwasser,  Stettin,  Altona,  Bremen  and  Brake. 

France. — Marseilles. 

Deniiiiirk. — Copenhagen. 

From  February  1st,  1913,  all  goods  arriving  in  Roumania  from 
the  foregoing  ports,  unaccompanied  by  a  certificate  of  origin,  will 
be  assessed  for  duty  under  the  Roumanian  "  (ieneral  "  Tariff. 

SWEDEN. — The  British  Consul  at  Stockholm,  in  a  recent  report, 
states  that  he  again  wishes  to  point  out  that  if  imported  goods 
bear  the  name  [of  a  place,  property,  industrial  establishment  or 
tradesman  in  Sweden,  or  any  marking  in  the  Swedish  language  to 
explain  the  nature  of  the  goods— even  consisting  only  of  a  single 
word — they  must  also  bear  the  word  "import"  or  the  name  and 
domicile  of  the  foreign  manufacturer,  applied  in  a  distinct  and 
conspicuous  manner,  so  that  removal  or  effacement  cannot  be 
effected  easily  or  without  injury  to  the  goods.  Goods  not  so 
marked  are  liable  to  confiscation.  The  Customs  Authorities  will 
not  permit  goods  to  be  marked  xitbteq'tent  to  confiscation,  and  it  is 
therefore  impossible  to  get  them  restored  once  they  have  been 
condemned  by  the  Court.  The  Consul  adds  that  goods  which  are 
packed  and  imported  in  bulk,  but  can  be  sold  singly,  must  them- 
selves be  properly  marked  so  as  to  show  their  foreign  origin  :  the 
fact  that  such  marking  may  have  been  applied  to  the  packing  or 
covering  in  which  the  goods  are  imported  will  not  of  itself 
constitute  a  sufficient  compliance  with  the  Swedish  regulations. 

AUSTRALIA.. —  The  Coiiiinonwealth  Customs  Authorities  have 
issued  the  following  decisions  as  to  the  duties  to  be  levied  on 
certain  electrical  and  similar  goods  on  importation  ;  the  rates  of 
duty  quoted  are  in  all  cases  the  preferential  duties  applicable  to 
goods  of  British  origin  accompanied  by  a  certificate  to  that  effect 
in  the  proper  form  :  — 

Thermal  electric  baths  : 

Cabinet      30  %  ad  val. 

Electric  heating  portion  ...         ...         ...     lo 

Fittings  for  electric  conduit : 

Plain  tee  and  elbow  inspection  pieces 10 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 


1912. 


Compiled   expres.sjy   (or   thiB     oumal   by   Messrs.    W.    P.    TiioMrso.N  4    Co 
Electrical   Patent  Agents,    285,    High    Holhorn,    London,    W.C,    and    n't 
L,i7erpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inijuiries  should  be  addressed 


4.?2i*u"    V^'ec'f'c  machine?."      Boc.  Ditk  8.T.A.R.    (Systemc  de  Traction 
be^"d      (Corletr  °"°°  ^«*«' ^B^e^ber  21st.  1911,  France.)    Decem. 

29,583.    "Frosting  or  obscuring  glsM  globes,  chimrieyB.electriclamiis  and  the 
like  for  use  wiih  gas,  oil  and  electric  light."     W.  bHAH.-.    December  23rd. 

29,636.    "  Telegraphy  and  telephony."    H.  W.  Sullivan.     December  aSrd. 

!B,Mj6.    "Method  of  adjusting  electric  meters."   O.  T.  Blathv.    (Conrention 
date,  Jnne  aoth.  1912,  Hungary.)    December  2.trd.    (Complete.) 

29.509.    "Electric  beaters."     L.  H.  Mav«b.    December 23rd.    (Complete.) 
.I,?;''!"''..  "Jelephone    system,   and   the   registration  of  calls  and   messages 
therein."     H.  UAwrnoBi.  and  H.  T   M.;N kale.     December  23rd.,  '^^-IS" 

n.^«L  ""^■"H^^-i'""'?,  •""'"nes  for  combined  ignition  and  illuminating 
porpoaea,       J: ,  K.  Bimms,     December  23rd. 


39,liia.  ''Sanitary  attachments  for  telephone  apparatus."  M.  J.  ke 
''-OLT^MsKV.  December  23rd.  (Complete.) 
29,G20.  "Electric  ignition  fenerators."  B.  LAwaENcs.  December  23rd. 
29,63C.  "  Driving  vehicUs  by  means  of  internal-combustion  engines  com- 
bined with  dynamos,  accumulators  and  motors."  H.  Piepkr.  (Divided  Appli- 
cation on  3,281,12,  February  9th.  Convention  date,  February  20th,  1911, 
Germany.)    December  21th.    (Complete,  i 

29,6;M.  "  Manufacture  of  tungsten,"  C.  GLaiiiT/..  (Divided  Application  on 
12,244,12,  May  23rd.)     December  2Jth. 

2y,(iy8.  "  Adjustable  electric  lamps."  H.  FAiauBOTUKB.  (Veata  Accumu- 
lator Co.,  United  States.)    December  21tli. 

29,719.  "Impulse  sendini;  mechanism."  Webtkbn  Electkic  Co.,  Ltd. 
(Western  Electric  Co.,  Belgium.)     December  21th. 

29,721.  "Telephone  syotems  having  automatic  switching  apparatus  con- 
nected over  junction  lines  with  a  manual  exchange."  Siemens  Bros.  &  Co., 
LiTD.,  and  T.  Pethobew,     December  21th.     (Complete.) 

29,73t).  "  Fittings  for  electric  incaudoBoeut  lamps."  T.  B.  Piokahd. 
December  21ih.     (Complete.) 

29,750.  "  Element  for  electrical  beating."  H.  J.  Dowbinu  and  D.  Hcntlkv. 
December  24tb. 

29,759.  "  Time  meter  for  gas  and  electric  tires  and  lights."  C.  B.  Tullv. 
December  24th. 

29,763.  "  Electric  cocking  and  heating  appliances."  A.  H.  Railinu  and  C.  C. 
Qarbaku.    December  27th. 

29,774.  "  Electric  cable-connecting  boxes  or  apparatus."  Bbitish  Insolatkd 
AND  Hklsbv  Cables,  LiTD.,  and  K.  W.  Blades.    i>ecember  27th. 

29,778.  "  Electric  locks  for  lift  and  hoist  gates."  C.  G.  Majob  and  Smith, 
Ma.ioh  a  Stevens,  Ltd,     Deoember  27lh, 

29,781.  "  Method  of  and  apparatus  for  use  in  and  in  connection  witli  electro- 
plating."    E.  B.  L.  Ijkunuv  and  li.  P.  M.  Leb.     December  27t&. 

29,783,  "  Electricity  multicore  cable  dividing  boxes  or  apparatus." 
Bbiti.su  Inm'latfd  and  Uel&uv  Caules,  L.TD.,  and  tL.  VV,  Blades.  December 
27  th. 

29,809.  "  Electric  terminals."  H.  Lucas  and  VV.  H.  Edwards.  December 
27tu. 

29,82G.  "  Apparatus  for  electro-osmose,"  Ges.  fdr  Eleetho-OsMose 
M.B.U  and  U.  iLLui.    (Addition  to  726, 19.2.)    December  27th.    (Complete.) 

29,832,  "  Means  for  electrical  alarm  signalling  in  connection  with  steam  or 
other  engines  and  machinery."    T.  U.  Hill.    December  27tb. 

29,842.  "Electric  switches."  British  Thomson-Houston  Co., Ltd.  (General 
Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    December  27th. 

29,81H.  "  Manufacture  of  dry  cells."  J.  A.  E.  Ache.vbach.  December 
27ch.    (Complete.) 

29,817.  "  Primary  galvanic  cells."  J.  A.  E.  Achenbach.  December  27th. 
(Complete.) 

29,848.  "  Manufacture  of  negative  electrodes  or  secondary  alkaline  cells." 
H.  1'.  K.  L.  PoRsKE  and  J.  A.  t..  acbknbach.    December  27tB.    (Complete.) 

29,859.  "Supports  for  desk  telephonic  instruments."  D.  D.  Cushhan  and 
Damd  Moseley  s.  Sons,  Ltd.     Uecuuiber  28ih. 

29,8(j3.  "Construction  of  electromagnets."  Stkel,  Peech  &  Tozkb,  Ltd. 
and  H.  E.  Bowen.     December  28th. 

29.874.     "Device    for    recording    telephone    calls    in   connection  with   the 
measuted  rate  system  of  post  oi^ce  tt-lephunes."  G.  H.  Pahbv.  December  23&h. 
29,879.    "Detachable    electric    immersion    heater,"     G.  H.    lojt.     Decern 
ber  28ch. 

29,881.  "  Electric  advertising  devices  or  signs."  £.  H.  Bicklst.  Deoem- 
ber 28th.    (Complete.) 

29,905.  "  Automatic  instantaneous  switches  for  altercating  and  direct- 
curieiit  circuits."     A.  M.  TavluH.     (Addition  to  7,141,  191U.)     December  ilOlh. 

29,956.  •'  Line  protective  devices  or  the  like."  aitomatic  Telkphune 
Manufacicrinu  Co.,  Ltd.  (Automatic  Electric  Co.,  Uiutcd  States.)  Decem- 
ber 3Utb. 

29,98!).  "Magneto  generators."  L,  Johnson,  J.  T.  Robebts,  and  B.  Law- 
BEN<  c.     DecemDer  30tn. 

29,999.  "  Method  of  and  apparatus  for  electric  welding,"  R.  Haddan. 
(Cleveland  Welding  and  Manuiaccuring  Co.,  United  States.)  (Divided  appli- 
cation on  17,749,  1912,  July  tslsc.)     December  3Ulh.     (Complete.) 

30,024.  "  Electric  switches  and  the  conductor  switches  thereto."  H.  C. 
Sheldon.  tSashsiche  Gruppenwechselschalter  U.m.h  H.,  Uermaoy.)  (Divided 
application  on  3,590,  1912,  February  13ih.)     December  31sl.     (Complete.) 

30,059.  "  Electrically-operated  mechanism."  F.  H.  Nicholson,  (Conven- 
tion date,  March  8ih,  1912,  United  estates.)    December  dlst.    (C'jmplcte.) 

30,000,  "  Electric  switches."  P.  B.  Tubnbb  and  A.  E.  Robebts.  Decem- 
ber 3iSt. 

30,103.  "Dynamo-electric  maobines,"  H.  A.  Mavor  and  Mavor  &  Coulsoh, 
Ltd.    Decemoer  31st. 

30,105.  "Electric  regulating  devices."  Bbitish  Thomson-Houston  Co., 
Ltd.    (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    December  3l8t. 

30,100.  "  Systems  of  electric  di&tribution."  British  Thomson-Hodstum 
Co.,  Lid,    (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    December  31st. 

30,107.    "Regulation  of  dynamo  -  electric    machines."      British  Thomson- 
Houston    Co.,    Ltd.      (Ueneral  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    December  3l8t. 
30,111.    "  Ear  and  mouthpiece  protectors  for  telephones,"    E.  DANNENBtau. 
December  31st,    (Complete.) 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P,  Thompson  &  Co.,  265,  High  Hplborn,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  poat  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1911. 

Elkctric  Fubkaceb.    N.  Testrup  and  T.  Rigby.    19,923.    September  7th, 
TvpePrintino  Electric  1'eleobaph  Ststems.    W.   S.  Bteljes,     20,106.    Sep- 
tember lUh. 

TVPOOIIAPHIC    AND    LiKE     ReCF.1VIN(1    INSTRUMENTS     FOR     ElF.CTRIO     TkLKOBAPH 

SvsTKMs.     W.S.  Stcljes.    20,107.    September  11th. 
Electricallt-operated  Time  Indicatino    Devices.      L.  J.   Aron  and   C.  E. 

Harrison.    20,268.    September  12th. 
Apparatus  for  Automaticallv  Operatinq  Gas  oh   Electbic  Lamps.    C.   R. 

Oliver.    23,784.    Uctober27th.    (April  2Mh,  1912.) 
Actomatk:  ELEcraia  Fu<E-E.VTiMouisnERB.    S.   B.   Priest.    27,ll>3.     December 

41th. 
Means  for,  and  Methods  of,   Cleabino    Faults    on    Altf.bnatisu-uubbent 

SYSTEMS.     A.  M.   Tavlor.     27,CU0.     December  tth.     (Cognate  aiiplications, 

ISus.  11,660  and  12,509  01 1912.) 
Devices  fob  Kegulatino  the  Spied  of  Machinkbv.    Kicmens  Bros.  Dynamo 

Works,  Ltd,     (Uicnienh-Kcbuckertworke  Ues.l     27,(.88.     December  btb. 
PaRrAVMENT  Attachmfnta  for  Klectbio  Current  Limiting  Devices.    H.  B.  E. 

.Nordfeldt.     27,801.     December  11th. 
Electric   Reoulatinu  oh  Equalisino  Appaeatus.    R.  Rankin  and  Chloride 

Electf  ioal  Storage  Co.    28,919.    December  22nd, 


■rixES 


n]Xj:H]OTi?/io-A.Xj  i^e'vie'W". 


Vol.  LXXII. 


JANUARY  17,  1913. 


No.  hhiii.'^f 


Vol.  LXXII. 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


CONTENTS:  .Jiimiaiy  17,  l!li;i. 


THE     TELEPHONE     AWARD. 


The  Telephone  Award        

Honours  for  Eii<rineers 

The  Financial  Position  of  Aluminiiiin    ... 

Telephone  Wiren  and  Tramways 

The  Census  of  Production... 
Correspondence : — 

Village  Lif^htin);  ...         ...         ... 

Liftin(j  Matrnets  

Operation  of  Electric  Railways 

The  Case  of  the  Sub-Man      

Screw  Caps  for  Radiator  Lamps 

The  Sal  ford  Fire  

High-Tension  Direct-Current  in  Mines 

British  Laboratories  for  Electrical  Goods 

The  Tricity  House 

Our  Legal  Query  Column  ...         ...         ... 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — - 

The  Change  of  Energy  Loss  with  Speed  in  Direct-Current 
Machines  (iZZiM.)      

Ron tgen  Society  < 

Faraday  Society  , 

Legal 

An  Interesting  Colonial  Telephone  Problem     .. 

Smoke  and  Dust  Precipitation      

Can  a  Lighting  Authority  Surrender  its  Powers 

Business  Notes        

Notes ■ 

City  Notes 

Stocks  and  Shares 

Market  Quotations 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies 
Wireless  Telegraphy  without  Sparks 
Reviews 

The  Trade  Boom      

Graphs    in  a    Cable-Ship    Drum-Room  :    Notes    for    .Junior 

Assistants  (zHuj.) 

The  Johannesburg  Turbine  Contract  {concluded) 

Trade  Statistics  of  British  India 

The  Japanese  Electrical  Industry  

Foreign  and  Colonial  Tariffs  on  Electrical  Goods 

New  Patents  AppUed  For,  1913 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications 


I  No.  1,881. 

P«K« 
SI 

X2 
83 
.S3 
84 


85 
.S5 
.S5 
Sf) 
8G 
86 
80 
87 
87 
88 


88 

89 

90 

90 

92 

93 

95 

9t> 

104 

107 

107 

108 

109 

111 

111 

113 

113 
116 
117 
118 
120 
120 
120 


Contractors'  Column 


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THE  UNIVERSAL  ELECTRICAL  DIRECTORY 

(J.  A.  Berly's). 

1913     EDITION 

//.  Alabaster,  Catehoute  &  Co.,  4,  Ludgale  Hill,  London,  E.C. 


'I'liK  judf^niciit  of  tlie  Railway  and  <'aiial ''o!nnii8.sir)ii  wus 
delivered  on  Monday  morning  last  in  the  case  of  the 
National  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.,  r.  His  .Majesty '.s  Postmtoter- 
(ieneral,  and  thus  another  stage  was  reached  in  the  passing 
of  the  pioneer  company,  to  whose  enterpris<'  is  due  the  tele- 
phone system  of  the  country.  The  system  itself  jjasscd  int/» 
the  hands  of  the  Post  Office  on  .January  Ist,  1912,  so  that 
a  little  over  a  year  has  been  required  to  determine  its  value. 
In  the  interim  has  been  prepared,  fought,  and  decided,  one  of 
the  largest  and  most  complex  cases  ever  submitted  to  a 
judicial  tribunal.  The  taking  of  the  "inventory"  occupied  a 
small  army  for  many  months.  The  material  thus  acquired 
had  to  be  put  intt)  shape,  the  attack  of  the  company  to  be 
formulated,  and  the  defence  of  the  Department  to  be 
organised.  The  hearing  commenced  on  .Tune  10th,  11)12, 
and  continued  till  .July  30th,  when  the  Court  adjourned  for 
the  Long  Vacation ;  it  was  resumed  on  October  1.5th,  and 
occupied  altogether  74  days. 

In  the  earlier  stages  a  large  amount  of  evidence  was  taken 
on  points  of  detail  which  the  Tribunal  considered  should  be 
the  subject  of  agreement,  and  the  Long  Vacation  was  taken 
advantage  of  to  reach  such  an  agreement  in  the  case  of  plant 
cost ;  but  for  this  the  case  might  still  be  proceeding.' 

As  will  be  seen  from  the  lucid  judgment  of  ilr.  Justice 
liawrence,  published  in  another  column,  one  of  the  essentiaj 
differences  between  the  parties  was  whether  the  value  should 
be  assessed  on  a  basis  which  could  be  determined  by  actual 
experience,  or  by  the  estimates  embodied  in  "  contractoi-s' 
so-called  '  tenders.' "  Whilst  unable  to  adopt  the  per- 
centages claimed  by  the  National  Co.,  the  Court  followed 
their  system  in  reaching  the  awarded  figure,  rejecting  the 
contractors'  estimates  as  entirely  inapplicable  under  the 
circumstances  of  the  case. 

The  very  Interesting  subject  of  depreciation  was  another 
ease  in  which  divergent  views  were  submitted.  The  com- 
pany claimed  that  depreciation  should  be  arrived  at  on  a 
method  analogous  to  a  sinking  fund.  "  It  takes  the  life 
of  the  plant  and  then  ascertains  the  sum  which,  paid 
into  a  sinking  fund  at  compound  interest,  would  replace 
the  cost  at  the  end  of  the  life,  and  it  is  suggested 
that  if  the  amount  in  the  sinking  fund  in  -any  year 
of  the  life  be  deducted  from  the  cost  of  the  plant,  the 
remainder  will  give  you  the  cost  of  the  plant  at  that 
moment."  The  Post  Office  submitted  that  the  straight- 
line  method,  whereby  "the  value  is  reduced  in  the  ratio 
which  the  age  bears  to  the  life  of  the 
plant,"  should  be  adopted.  The  latter  is  more  general, 
and  was  adopted  by  the  Court,  though  Mr.  .Justice  T<awrence 
expressed  the  view  that  the  sinking-fund  method  is  a  proper 
one  to  adopt  in  a  going  concern,  especially  where  revenue  is 
largely  used  for  capital  purposes. 


[81] 


82 


THE     ELECTRICAL     RE\'TEW.-      [Vol.72.    No.  1,834,  January  17,  1913. 


The  iuclusion  in  the  value  of  an  amount  representing  the 
c<J8t  of  raising  capital,  appro\ed  by  ilr.  .Instice  l.awrence  and 
Mr.  (lathorne  Hardy,  was  ilisscnted  from  by  Sir  .lames 
Woo<lhoiise,  who  delivered  a  separate  judgment  mainly  on 
this  pt)int.  The  question  to  which  much  of  the  earlier 
discussion  was  directed — the  suitability  of  the  plant  for  the 
Postmcister-lieneral's  telephonic  st-rvice — was  determined  by 
the  Court  in  a  manner  generally  favourable  to  the  comiJiiny's 
contention.  But  whilst  much  of  the  comment  in  the  case 
is  of  tliis  character,  the  result's  in  figures  are  not  pro- 
poitionately  favourable  to  the  company,  who  c-laimed 
:.'0  millions,  and  have  l^een  awarded  £1l',51.j,i'G4. 

The  expectations  of  the  Stock  Exchange  were  higher, 
and  on  the  announcement  of  the  awaid  the  deferred  stock 
of  the  company  made  a  sensational  decline.  The  higher 
price,  however,  was  purely  sjteculative,  and  the  warnings  of 
Mr.  Franklin,  the  chairman  of  the  company  at  the  share- 
holders" meetings,  may  be  recalled  in  this  connection.  The 
policy  which  has  for  so  many  yeare  past  added  to  the  leserve 
in  spite  of  the  efforts  of  shareholders  for  increased  dividends, 
is  a  further  indication  of  the  prudent  management  of  the 
company.  In  the  result,  the  State  has  acquired  a  most 
valuable  system  at  a  price  which,  though  just,  is  certainly 
moderate. 

<  )f  the  principal  witnesses  on  either  hand,  it  is  pleasant  to 
note  the  comments  of  the  Judge  that  "Mr.  Gill's  evidence 
was  as  remarkable  for  the  care  and  ability  he  had  brought 
U)  bear  on  the  inquiry,  as  it  was  for  his  fairness  and  candour 
in  the  witness  box  : "  whilst  "  Mr.  Snell  did  not  compare 
unfavourably  with  Mr.  ('.ill,  but  he  had  been  crami)ed  by  his 
instructions." 

The  strain  on  the  engineering,  legal  and  administrative 
j)trs(,n/ifl  of  the  parties  to  this  historic  case  must  have 
been  severe,  and  the  relief  afforded  by  its  cessation  propor- 
tionately great. 


HONOURS     FOR    ENGINEERS. 


The  Honours  List,  which  was  published  in  accordance  with 
custom  on  January  1st,  contained  the  names  of  two  persons 
whose  distinction  will  rejoice  the  hearts  of  those  connected 
with  the  engineering  world.  The  first  is  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Yorke,  of  the  Hoard  of  Trade,  while  the  second  is  Mr. 
Corbet  Woodall.  Hach  of  tliese  gentlemen  is  admitted  to 
the  order  of  knighthoo<l  ;  ea<;h  has  won  a  well-merited 
reward. 

Sir  Corbet  AVoodall  has  presumably  been  honoured  in 
relation  to  the  centenary  of  the  Cas  Light  and  Coke  Co. 
It  was  on  January  2«th,  1H()7,  that  the  first  street  of  any 
city  wa.s  illuminated  by  gas.  Pall  Mall  was  so  lit  on  that 
night.  A  gas  company,  however,  was  not  formed  until 
IHKt.  Its  first  shareholders  were  pitied  as  idiots,  and  ithad 
a  formidable  mass  of  jKjpulai'  prejudice  to  overcome.  Thus 
it  was  generally  assumed  that  the  pipes  conveying  gas  would 
b«'  hot,  and  therefore  apt  to  prorluce  conflagration  I  The 
comjjany  persevered, ami  on  the  night  of  December  31st,  1«1 2, 
Westminster  Bridge  was  lit  with  the  new  illuminant.  Exactly 
100  years  later  a  distingnished  official  of  the  Cas  Light  and 
('oke  Co.  is  knighted.     It  would  almost  seem  as  if  those  who 


are  ehaigcd  with  the  duty  of  advising  the  King  as  to  the 
disposal  of  honours  thought  it  right  to  wait  for  the  period 
which,  in  the  Roman  Church,  must  elapse  before  a  dis-tin- 
guLshed  ecclesiastic  can  be  made  into  a  saint  I 

Having  regard  to  the  above  facts,  one  is  led  to  wonder 
when  the  great  men  who  have  done  so  much  for  this  country 
in  the  wide  domain  of  electrical  science  will  be  regarded  as 
deserving  of  New  Year  or  Birthday  honours. 

So  far  as  public  benefits  are  concerned,  there  is  no  applied 
science  which  has  conferred  greater  boons  on  the  community 
than  that  with  which  this  pai)er  is  concerned.  Every  in- 
dustry in  the  country  depends  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  on 
electricity  in  some  form  or  another.  Again,  there  are 
myriads  of  houses — not  only  the  mansions  of  the  great,  but 
the  cottages  of  the  pror — in  which  its  merits  are  appre- 
ciated day  by  day.  Yet,  ever  since  the  time  when  Faraday 
groped,  so  to  speak,  in  the  dark  amongst  his  instruments, 
honours  have  been  sparmgly  bestowed  :  and  such  honours 
as  have  been  given  have  generally  been  awarded  to  inventors 
and  discoverers,  not  to  those  who  have  laboured  to  apply 
invention  and  discovery  to  the  needs  of  a  great  manufacturing 
community. 

The  explanation  of  this  state  of  things  is  not  far  to  seek. 
It  was  pointed  out  in  a  leading  article  recently  published  in 
this  Review,  that  engineers  find  it  difficult  to  take  any 
active  part  in  Parliamentary  government.  Rendering, 
therefore,  no  services  which  are  of  direct  advantage  to 
Minii^ters  and  politicians,  they  are  out  of  the  running  when 
the  prizes  for  political  services  come  to  be  awarded. 

The  electrical  engineer  may  design  and  take  an  active 
part  in  the  erection  of  a  huge  power  station,  from  which  a 
supply  of  energy  can  be  obtained  at  ridiculously  low  prices. 
In  this  manner,  he  may  labour  to  the  direct  advantage  of 
a  hundred  thousand  voters  ;  but  he  will  not  influence  their 
votes.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  he  had  devoted  his  keen 
intellect  to  the  inculcation  among  the  voters  of  doctrines 
agreeable  to  the  Government  of  the  day,  he  might  have 
become  a  knight  on  the  King's  Birthday,  or  at  the  dawn  of 
a  New  Year. 

Again,  if  he  were  one  of  those  who  saw  that  the  popu- 
larity of  an  existing  (iovernment  was  on  the  wane,  and  he 
took  active  steps  to  hasten  its  defeat,  the  next  Government 
might  go  so  far  as  to  make  him  a  baronet  or  even  a 
peer. 

We  have  said  enough  to  indicate  our  view  as  to  the  true 
market  value  of  the  honours  which  are  so  generously  con- 
ferretl  upon  persons  who  have  political  claims.  We  are  far 
from  saying  that  a  title  is  never  a  title  to  fame.  Many 
members  of  the  learned  professions,  many  men  distinguished 
in  art  and  literature  are  rewarded  in  this  manner,  wholly 
irrespective  of  their  i)olitical  services  or  opinions.  Our  com- 
plaint is  that  men  who  are  distinguished  in  the  domain  of 
engineering  are  considered  of  so  little  a(;count  that  they  are 
disregarded,  while  the  hack  ]>olitician  whose  game  is"  one  for 
the  party  or  the  State  and  two  for  myself,"  is  fre(|uently  the 
recipient  of  honours. 

Nor  is  the  complaint  merely  the  complaint  of  the  English 
electrical  engineer.  In  the  Sister  Isle,  which  has  its  Lord- 
Lieutenant,  its  sham  "  Court "  and  sham  "  Court  Circular," 
the  same  rule  obtains.  "Fill  up  the  honours  list  with 
politicians,  and  if  there  is  a  line  left  in  the  second  column 
insert  the  name  of  a  professor."     It  is  only  when  the  list 


Vol.73.  No.  i,8.%i,  jANUAiivir,  i9i!j.]    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


88 


iiinH   into   two   iiufjes   timt    Llic   engineer  Iiuh   any   cliancc 
iiL  all. 

It  may  be  wiid,  and  witii  considcralile  force,  that  tbc 
viiliie  of  an  honour  defxnids  very  largely  u[)on  the  kind  of 
person  who  already  enjoys  it.  If  everyone  had  K'.C.i). 
after  his  name,  the  lettcre  would  have  no  value. 
(I ranted,  then,  that  there  is  no  particular  virtue  in  many 
of  the  orders  and  decorations  which  are  so  liberally  con- 
ferred, it  seems  to  us  that  certain  titles  might  well  be 
created  and  get  specially  apart  for  those  who  have  aninired 
eminence  along  the  difhcult  paths  of  applied  science.  The 
Order  of  Merit  has  been  bestowed  on  men  of  distinction  in 
every  rank  and  walk  of  life.  No  taint  of  political  bias  has 
tarnished  it  up  to  the  present  time.  Some  kindred  order  might 
be  founded  which,  in  the  course  of  a  few  years,  would  come 
to  be  regarded  as  the  blue  ribbon  of  the  electrical  profession. 
Its  bestowal  would  excite  no  animosity,  and  would  occasion 
no  disapi)ointment  to  your  party  hack,  because  he  would 
never  be  qualilied  to  receive  it.  Once  it  was  established  it 
would  enable  the  Government  of  the  day  to  recognise  merit 
in  electricity,  at  any  rate,  a  little  sooner  than  they  have 
been  able  to  recognise  it  amongst  those  who  have  done  so 
much  for  the  coal-gas  industry. 


The  Financial 


As  a  substitute   for  copper  for  traiis- 

„    ...         »      mission  purposes,  or  for  conducting   elec- 
Tosition  of         .  .         .     ^  .  ... 

Aluminium.  ''"^'^J  '°  ^"J  other  capacity,  it  is 
sufficiently  accurate  to  reckon  aluminium 
as  having  half  the  weight  for  equal  conductance  of 
copper.  Thus,  where  a  ton  of  copper  is  required, 
half  a  ton  of  aluminium  could  be  substituted.  It 
will  be  seen,  therefore,  that  aluminium  should  be  able  to 
compete  with  copper  at  a  considerably  higher  price  than  it 
commands  at  present.  Tbc  reasons  why  the  demand  is  not 
greater,  and  the  price  consequently  higher,  are  discussed  in 
a  recent  (December  31st)  article  in  the  Ti»ies.  The  writer 
of  the  article  points  out  that,  four  years  ago,  when  the  price 
of  aluminium  dropped  in  the  United  States,  it  was  pre- 
dicted that  the  consumption  would  rise  rapidly  to  some- 
thing like  100,000  tons,  and  goes  on  to  show  that,  actually, 
the  consumption  at  the  present  time  probably  does  not  reach 
the  half  of  that  quantity.  When  the  relation  of  the  price 
of  aluminium  to  that  of  tin  is.  considered,  it  seems  surprising 
that  more  processes  have  not  been  evolved  in  which  the 
one  could  be  replaced  by  the  other. 

According  to  the  Ti)iies  article,  the  only  important  sphere 
in  which  the  metal  is  predominant  at  the  moment  would 
appear  to  be  the  manufacture  of  military  equipments  on 
the  Continent  of  Europe.  Considering  what  a  great 
recommendation  is  the  lightness  of  this  metal  for  bulk  in  this 
application,  it  would  appear  that  this  field  must  be  capable 
of  considerable  extension.  Against  this,  it  is  noted  that  the 
leading  producing  companies  have  not,  on  the  whole,  realised 
much  from  their  enterprise.  The  great  American  company 
docs  not  show  a  higher  average  return  than  44  per  cent,  on 
its  capital,  and  the  corresponding  British  company  was 
unable  to  make  sufficient  profit  to  render  it  worth  while  to 
continue  trading,  and  accordingly  was  wound  up,  and  recon- 
structed ;  although  considerable  sums  have  since  been  spent 
on  works,  it  has  not  yet  been  successful  in  paying  a  dividend, 
interest  on  preferential  shares  being  reckoned  as  interest 
merely.  The  hope  for  the  producing  concerns  appears  at 
present  to  lie  in  their  output  of  by-products,  such  as 
sulphate  of  anvmonia. 


A  rea.son  for  the  ccanparatively  unimportant  jK^ition  of 
tiie  metal  is  suggesled  by  the  writer  as  Ixiing  tlie  natural 
distrust  that  exists  towards  a  new  metal  as  a  contaimr  or 
conveyor  of  foodstuffs  and  drinking-water,  until  it  has  liccn 
proved  by  exhaustive  experiment  that  no  injurious  compounds 
will  result.  Also,  the  fact  that  mankind  has  for  many 
centuries  been  educating  itself  in  the  art  of  working  in 
tougher  and  heavier  metals,  but  is  not  thorougiily  U8e<l  to 
this  one  as  yet. 

The  production  of  aluminium  at  present  -in  given  as 
."»0,000  tons,  of  which  the  L'nited  States  and  Canadian 
facrtories  turn  out  11,000  tons.  Franco  12,000,  England 
7,000,  and  the  remainder  is  provided  by  Switzerland, 
(iermany,  Austria,  Italy  and  Scandinavia.  During  the  firvt 
year  of  the  present  century  only  /.OOO  tons  were  available. 
Taking  it  by  volume,  the  quantity  would  be  much  greater. 
As  it  might  be  used  for  piping,  if  compared  with  lead  on  this 
basis,  50,000  tons  would  go  as  far  aa  212,000  of  the  heavy 
metal.  In  very  large-sized  pipes,  if  the  substitution  were 
satisfactory,  the  advantages  in  handling  would  be  consider- 
able. With  so  small  a  production,  and  so  many  advantages, 
it  is  curious  that  the  price  has  been  down  so  long. 


I)i"i<iN(;  the  recent  storms  much  damage 

e  ep  one       j^^^  j^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  overhead  telephone  and 

Wires  and  ,  ,        ■  ,  ,  , 

Tramways,      telegraph   wires ;    unfortunately   some    of 

the  former   have  fallen  on  trolley  wires, 

with  serious  results.      At  Sheffield,  for  example,  two  cab 

horses  were  struck  by  the  broken  wires  and  instantly  killed, 

the  drivers  also  receiving  shocks,  as  well  as  those  who  went 

to  their  assistance.     It  was,  indeed,  a  wonder  that  no  person 

was  killed,  for  two  men  received  severe  bums.     The  accident 

recalls  to  mind  the  terrible  occurrence  at  Liverpool  in  1001, 

when  two  persons  were  killed  and   a  large   number  were 

injured  under  somewhat  similar  circumstances. 

Such  incidents  revive  the  old  question  of  telephone  wires 
crossing  tramways.  At  Sheffield  the  National  Telephone  Co. 
bv  arrangement  agreed  to  take  measures  of  precaution,  but 
the  transfer  of  the  telephone  system  to  the  State  has  brought 
into  force  the  arbitrary  powers  of  the  Postmaster-General ; 
he  requires  the  tramway  authorities  to  provide  the  neces- 
sary protection  or  to  bear  the  cost  of  putting  the  wires 
underground,  and  this  they  refnse  to  do.  We  see  no  reason 
whatevei'  why  the  Postmaster-(4eneral  in  this  connection 
should  be  in  a  more  privileged  position  than  a  private  con- 
cern ;  he  has  taken  charge  of  a  commercial  undertaking, 
practically  by  force,  and  seeks  to  impose  his  arbitrary  will, 
not  only  upon  private  owners  of  tramway  systems,  but  also 
ujwn  public  bodies.  Where  the  telephone  wires  precede  the 
trolley  wires,  the  latter  may  not  unreasonably  be  called  upon 
to  pay  for  the  work  necessitated  by  their  presence,  but  if  the 
tramway  is  the  first  in  the  field,  it  seems  but  fair  that  any 
later  arrival  should  look  after  himself. 

Guard  wires,  it  is  well  known,  are  the  greatest  nuisance 
that  tramway  managers  have  to  put  up  with  ;  moreover,  they 
are  by  far  the  most  unsightly  part  of  the  overhead  construc- 
tion, and  are  costly  to  erect  and  maintain.  Automatic 
devices  to  cut  off  the  connections  of  fallen  telephone 
wires  suffer  from  the  drawbacks  of  all  automatic  appliances, 
and  act  only  after  the  fall.  ( »n  the  principle  that  prevention 
is  better  than  cure,  it  apjiears  to  us  that  all  telephone  wires 
which  cross  the  route  of  a  tramway  either  should  be  put  out 
of  harm's  way  (underground),  or  ought  to  be  erected  in  such 
a  fashion  that  falling  on  the  trolley  wires  is  impossible. 
Either  of  these  alternatives  is  practicable,  and  both  are  pre- 
ferable to  the  use  of  guard  wires,  which  afford  a  poor  antl 
unsatisfactory  solution  to  the  problcin. 


•84 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi.72.   No.  1,834,  jakdart  it,  igis 


THE    CENSUS    OF    PRODUCTION. 


Gross  output- 


Iv  our  issue  of  January  28th,  litlO,  wc  published  the  pre- 
liminary table  rclatinjr  to  electrical  engineering,  which 
summarised  the  results  of  the  returns  received  under  the 
Census  of  Production  Act,  r.'Ot>.  This  Act  provided  for  the 
takincr  of  a  census  in  the  year  11108  of  the  production  for  the 
calendar  year  10(i7.  or  the  business  year  most  closely 
corresponding  thereto  of  the  firms  reiwrting. 

The  preliminary  tables  have  since  been  carefully  revised, 
and  are  issued,  with  a  final  report  of  the  census,  as  a  Blue 
Rook  (Cd.  t;,320),  price  78.  fid. 

The  completed  tables  for  general  engineering  show  an 
output  of  i'8't,0.').'),000.  instead  of  .£S7.S17,000  given  in  the 
preliminary  tables. 

The  table  relating  to  clectricjil  engineering  wc  give  in  full 
IkjIow  :— 

Electrical  Engineering. 

Electrical  machinery  and  parts  : 

Direct  and  alternating  current  srcnerators     ... 

Direct  and  alternatinfi:  current  motors 

Motor-penerators,  converters  and  transformers 

Switches,  rheostate 

Switchboards 

Other  descriptions  


£815,000 

1,729,000 

•121,000 

502,000 

697,000 

50,000 

£4,214,000 


£520,000 
109,000 
440,000 

236,000 
229,000 

£465,000 


£1,102,000 
809,000 

£1,911,000 


:i51,000 


J539,000 
374,000 
315,000 


4.5,000 
,277,000 
337,000 


Total— Electrical  machinery 

Electrical  instruments  of  all  kinds  (meters,  measurinfr 
instruments,  \c.) 

Primary  batteries 

Secondary  batteries ... 

Lamps  and  parte  (except  carbons)  : — 
Glow  lamps 
Arc  lamps  and  searchlights       ...         

Total — Lamps 

Telegraph  and  telephone  cables  : — 
Submarine 
Land  

Total — Telegraph  and  telephone  cables 

Electrical  power  and  lighting  cables  : — 
Paper  and  bitumen  insulation  ... 

Rubber  insulation  

Other  and  unclaseiGed  insulation 

Total — Electrical  power  and  lighting  cables     ... 

Transmission  apparatus  and  plant  (including  insulators, 

conduits,  poles,  ic.)        

Electrical  accessories  

Telegraph  and  telephone  accessories        

Contract  work  in  United  Kingdom  (generally  exclusive 
of  materials  made  by  the  firm)  : — 

Telegraphic  or  telephonic  lines  or  works 

Electric  power  or  lighting  works 

Repairs  and  maintenance  work  for  customers   ... 

Total— Electrical  engineering       £1.3,897,000 

To  this  table  should  be  added  the  statement  (page  130) 
that  the  gross  value  of  the  products  of  the  electrical  engi- 
neering trades  returned  on  all  schedules  is  £14,098,000. 
Making  allowances  for  work  given  out  and  for  duplication, 
"  the  value  of  the  output  of  the  electrical  engineering  trade, 
taken  as  a  whole,  may  be  taken  at  about  £14,400.000." 

The  preliminary  total  was  £1:5,782,000,  so  that  it  will  be 
seen  but  little  adjustment  has  been  found  necessary  in  the 
returns  of  electrical  manufacturers,  but  cable  makers  are  to 
be  credited  with  returns  of  such  accuracy  that  no  variation 
exists  between  the  preliminary  and  the  completed  figures. 

The  total  figure  for  general  and  electrical  engineering 
combined  is  £1 02,052,000. 

In  cost  of  materials  used  there  is  a  slight  increase  to 
£48,.')3."),000,  as  also  in  the  amount  paid  to  other  firms  for 
work  given  out,  £3,922,000. 

The  value  of  output  is  £102,952,000,  and  the  value  of 
output  less  cost  of  materials  and  work  given  out,  £50,495,000. ' 
These  figures,  we  may  remark,  as  in  our  first  report,  relate 
to  the  engineering  industries  as  a  whole,  no  separate  figures 
Ijcing  given  for  electrical  engineering. 

The  number  of  persons  employed  in  engineering  industries 
is  corrected  to  461,703,  instead  of  455,5fil. 

In  the  fieneral  Report  will  Ix;  found  (p.  93)  a  valuable 
table  summarising  certain  particulars,  which,  for  engineering 
trades  (including  electrical  engineering),  are  as  follows  : — 


Selling  value  or  value  of  work  done  . 
Materials  used,  cost       

..     £102,952,000 
..       £48,536,000 

Work  given  out- 

Amount  paid  to  other  firms     ... 

Net  output          

Persons  employed  except  outworkers. 
Net  output  per  person  employed 
Horse-power  of  engines  at  factories  . 

£3,922,000 

£50,49.5,000 

461,703 

£109 

.331,251 

The  average  numbers  of  persons  employed  in  factories  and 
workshops  in   engineering   trades  are  classified   as   follows 
(p.  94)  :- 

Wage  Earners. 

Males  under  18  years  of  age 

„       over                „             

Females  under          ,,            

„        over            „            

59.515 

...       348,875 

4,593 

9,444 

Salarikd  Pkhsons 

Males  under  18  years  of  age 

„      over                „            

Females  under          .,            

4.839 

31,571 

488 

„         over  ,,  2,378 

All  firms  owning  factories  were  asked  to  make  a  voluntary 
statement  respecting  the  (juantity  of  fuel  consumed  by  them. 
Replies  were  received  from  engineering  firms  whose 
net  output  was  £32,fi32,000,  (M'fi  per  cent,  of  the  total,  and 
their  fuel  consumption  was — coal  1,400,171  tons,  and  coke 
4(18,503  tons. 

In  order  to  obtain  a  measure  of  the  cable  industry,  manu- 
facturers were  requested  to  state  voluntarily  the  quantity  of 
copper  used  by  them.  Firms  whose  output  of  cables  was 
valued  at  £3,794,000,  or  72*1  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  the 
total  output  of  cables  of  all  kinds,  stated  that  they  used 
about  14,900  tons  of  copper  in  making  cables  ;  the  remain- 
ing firms  did  not  supply  the  desired  information. 

Tlie  horse-power  of  engines  at  factories,  mines,  &c.,  so  far 
as  they  relate  to  the  industries  dealt  with  in  the  Census  of 
Production  Office,  was  10,7.")."),009  (page  III),  and  about  one- 
quart^  of  this  total  was  required  for  driving  dynamos  for 
the  production  of  electricity  for  power  and  lighting  purposes. 

The  total  amount  of  electricity  purchased  was  returned  as 
444.473,000  Board  of  Trade  units.  Of  this  125,000,000 
units  were  used  by  railway  and  tramway  companies  for  traction 
purposes. 

The  total  quantity  of  electricity  produced  by  electricity 
supply  undertakings  was  returned  as  (page  Ifi)  1,432,101,000 
Board  of  Trade  units,  of  which  240,1 38,000  units  were  known 
to  have  been  sold  in  1907  for  power  purposes,  excluding 
traction. 

In  the  section  relating  to  public  utility  services,  it  is  stated 
(page  831)  that  the  gross  output— selling  value  or  value  of 
work  done  by  gas  undertakings — was :  Companies 
£20,844,000,  and  public  authorities  £10,767,000  :  for  elec- 
tricity undertakings  :  Companies  £3,182,000,  and  public 
authorities  £5,731,000.  The  horse-power  of  engines  owned 
by  electricity  undertakings  was  : — Companies,  569,405  Hi'.  ; 
public  authorities,  990,669  n.i\ 

The  fuel  consumed  by  electricity  undertakings  was  as 
follows  : — 

Companies"  coal  797,023  tons.     Coke  2,191  tons. 

Public  authorities'  coal  1,973,066  tens.     Coke  26,762  tons. 

The  net  output  of  gas  undertakings  (page  837)  was 
£11,5.")7,000,  and  of  electricity  undertakings  (page  845) 
£5,5H8,000. 

The  average  number  of  persons  employed  by  gas  under- 
takings was  54,866,  and  by  electricity  undertakings  22,618. 

His  Majesty's  I'ost  Office  returned  an  output  of  the  total 
value  of  £2,872,639,  and  the  National  Telephone  Co. 
£1,503,784. 

The  whole  report  will  be  carefully  studied  by  those 
interested,  and  we  must,  for  considerations  of  space,  refer 
our  readers  to  it  for  much  additional  information  which  it 
.contains  on  electrical  industries. 

Comparisons  cannot  yet  be  made,  since  the  1907  census 
was  the  first  of  its  kind,  but  this  is  a  drawback  which  will, 
before  very  long,  be  remedied.  Arrangements  for  the  1!I12 
census  are  well  forward,  and  the  schedules  will  shortly  be  issued. 
The  organisation  of  the  Department  having  been  developed 
by  the  experience  of  the  first  census,  there  is  no  doubt  that 
the  results  of  the  second  will  be  more  promptly  issued  and 
their  value  proportionately-  increased. 


Vol.78.  No.  1,884, jakuabt  17, 1918.]    THE    ELEOTRIOaL    review. 


86 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

/.  ■tteri  rteeii^d  by  m  aft/ir  6  P.M.  ON  Tdehday  cannot  ajypnar  until 
tht<  fulUiimng  week.  CorretporuUnii  ihould  forward  their  commvni- 
catioju  at  tM  earlieiit  poiriuU  vumient.  No  letter  can  be  jmblUhed 
vnless  we  hare  the  writer'i  navie  and  addr«»»  in  our  poiieiriun. 


Villafre  Lif,'ii1ing-. 

Your  article  dealing'  with  villii^'c  iifi;litiii<^  in  tliis  week's 
Kkkothicai,  1{i:vii;w  was  both  interestint;  and  iiiKlructive  ; 
but  no  mention  was  nuide  of  tlie  nninorou8  small  under- 
takings in  successful  operation  in  tlieneij^'hbourhoodof  Kxmoor 
and  Dartmoor.  All  of  these  are  f^'ood  e.\am{)le8  of  their  kind, 
and  show  that  such  small  undertakinf,'s  are  sound  finuncial 
propositions. 

I'rolably  one  of  the  smallest  public  services  is  in  the 
jiockct  edition  of  a  hnnilet  called  Hridf^etown,  between 
Dunster  and  Dulverton.  Here  an  cntcrprisini^  wheelwriglit 
supplies  himself  and  his  nei<rhbours — l.i'..  practically  every 
cottage  in  the  hamlet.  His  power  plant — a  small  dynamo 
and  set  of  accumulators — is  driven  by  the  oil  engine  used 
for  liis  workshops  -.  the  battery  charging  is  done  when  the 
engine  would  otherwise  be  working  with  light  load.  lie 
regards  the  plant  as  a  good  investment,  and  it  is  a  great  con- 
venience to  his  neighbours.  Among  the  other  villages  sup- 
plied by  local  companies,  we  can  mention  Porlock,  Dulverton, 
Hraunton,  Dunster  in  the  Exmoor  district,  and  (^liagford, 
Bovey  Tracey,  Bradninch  and  other  places  in  the  Dartmoor 
district.  All  of  these  have  taken  on  well,  and  the  plant, 
altliough  small,  is  in  all  cases  ample  for  present  require- 
ments. 

Another  successful  undei taking  is  that  of  Lynton  and 
Lynmonth,  one  of  the  old  pioneer  concerns,  having  been  at 
work  2:!  years  ;  in  its  early  days  its  road  to  success  was  both 
rough  and  thorny,  but  it  went  ahead,  and  now  has  an 
exceptionally  heavy  output  for  the  population.  According 
to  the  Elkctric.u,  Uevikw  list  of  electricity  works,  it  has 
an  output  of  170,000  units.  The  total  connections  are 
199  Kw.,  and  the  resident  population  is  less  than  1,900. 

There  is  another  supply  at  Okehampton  (a  town  small 
enough  to  be  rated  as  a  village)  worked  in  connection  with  a 
sawmill.  This  also  is  an  old  concern,  having  been  at  work 
something  like  24:  years.  The  mill  turbines  drive  the  plant 
as  long  as  they  can,  but  water  power  is  not  sufficient,  and 
the  make-up  power  is  a  steam  engine,  the  boiler  being  fired 
chiefly  with  the  sawmill  refuse,  and  the  two  attendants  being 
sawmill  mechanics. 

Knowing  that  there  is  generally  a  sawmill  in  most  villages, 
often  combined  with  a  wheelwright's  shop,  when  reading 
your  recent  article  on  the  sawmills  at  Maldon,  and  their 
producer  plant  for  wood  gas,  it  occurred  to  nae  that  a 
similar,  but  smaller,  arrangement  would  be  a  good  proposition 
for  many  small  towns  and.  villages. 

Devonian. 


Lifting  Magnets. 

Can  any  reader  tell  me  where  I  can  procure  a  book  or 
paper  dealing  with  the  design  and  construction  of  lifting 
magnets  ? 

En»iiiirer. 

[A  long  article  on  this  subject  recently  appeared  in  the 
Elektrotechnische  Zdtschrift. — Eds.  E.E.] 


,      Operationsof  Electric  Railways. 

Could  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  the  usual  rate  of 
acceleration  and  retardation  which  obtains  on  the  District 
and  Tube  trains  ? 

J.  F.  C. 


The  Case  of  the  Siib*Man. 

Having  read  with  some  interest,  and  a  great  deal  of 
amusement,  the  letters  of  "  Motor-Generator  "  and  "  Bco- 
ster"  in  last  week's  Eeview,  I  should  like  to  point  out  a 
few  obvious  misstatements,  made,  I  trust,  in  ignorance,  by 
both  these  gentlemen. 

There  is  no  need  to  make  any  remarks  with  reference  to 
the   inherent    snobbety  of   the  ihabby  genteel,  everyone 


known   that  that  is,    unftjrtunately,    a  very  real  factor  in 
liumnn  aflairs. 

"  MoU^r  Generator  "  cannot  see  why  besbonld  be  compared 
to  a  "common  wireman" — neither  can   I,  but  for  quite  a 

difl'erent  reason. 

Has  he  ever  realised,  I  wonder,  that  tlie  averaj^c  wireraan 
can  take  over  shift  duties  with  very  little  preparation  other 
than  a  good  look  round,  while  the  average  sub-man,  a*ked 
to  find  a  small  but  troublesome  earth  on  an  appurentl) 
sound  installation,  wouhl  be  very  badly  lost  r  Tlien,  no 
doubt,  he  would  lind  his  extensive  knowledge  of  the  difference 
between  the  volt  and  the  ampere  a  source  of  great  mental 
comfort,  if  little  practical  assistance. 

\  few  years  ago!  was  honoured  by  the  friendship  of  a  sub- 
man — how  highly  honoured  I  had  not  fully  realised  until 
to-day — and  I  should  like  to  give  an  example  of  the  way  h'- 
carried  out  his  high  calling.  First,  however,  I  must  not 
forget  to  add,  for  the  benefit  of  "  Motor-tJeneraior,"  that  lie 
had  received  a  college  education,  together  with  the  usual 
cramming  associated  with  the  majority  of  technical  institutes 
After  starting  up  his  machine,  it  was  his  practice  to  wfxige 
his  switch  in  position  ;  then  he  would  foregather  around 
the  corner  with  certain  females  of  his  acquaintance,  whoFe 
intellect,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  was  of  the  same  high  order  as  his 
own. 

l>eing  of  an  incjuiring  disposition,  I  naturally  wanted  to 
know  why  he  indulged  in  what  appeared  to  my  weak  intelli- 
gence to  be  a  particularly  foolish  practice,  and  I  was  told 
that  if  the  switch  came  out,  and  he  was  not  there  to  replace 
it,  there  would  be  trouble,  but  if,  owing  to  the  switch  failing 
to  act,  the  machine  burned,  well — could  he,  on  his  salary 
(I'^s.),  be  expected  to  know  of,  and  prepare  foi-,  such  a  con- 
tingency 't     Surely  not  I 

An  isolated  instance  ?  iMaybc,  but  not,  I  think,  more  so 
than  that  of  the  thirsty  wireman  quoted  by  "Motor- 
Generator." 

One  other  remark  of  "  Motor-Generator's  "  calls  for  com- 
ment, and  it  is  this.  "They  (the  wiremen)  attend  the 
technical  schools,  not  to  learn  anything,  but  to  increase  their 
kit  of  tools  at  the  exptnse  of  the  workshop.'"  That,  my 
dear  sir,  savours  of  the  insolent,  and.  no  doubt,  any  of 
the  "  common  wiremen "  who  are  honoured  by  receiving 
instructions  from  you,  would  have  great  pleasure  in  con- 
vincing you  of  it,  to  his  entire  satisfaction — if  not  to  yours. 

When  "  Booster's  "  salary  has  reached  the  level  of  the 
average  wireman's  "  wages,"  he  will,  no  doubt,  be  a  great 
deal  older,  and,  I  trust,  wiser,  but  until  then,  I  should  advise 
him  to  cultivate  the  acquaintance  of  a  few  of  his  social 
inferiors,  the  common  wiremen,  and  then  I  expect  that  /^^ 
will  stagger  at  the  amount  of  electrical  information  they,  of 
their  charity,  will  give  him. 

A  Wireman. 


In  reply  to  "  Motor-(ienerator's  "  letter,  the  writer  does 
not  agree  with  him  in  justifying  shiftmen  being  snobs.  He 
does  not  seem  to  realise  that  the  age  in  which  we  live  is  a 
democratic  one.  Accident  of  birth  does  not  count.  A 
shiftman  receives  his  salary  in  exchange  for  what  he 
accomplishes  or  should  accomplish.  As  regards  shiftmen 
being  gentlemen,  there  are  gentlemen  in  all  walks  of  life. 

Let  "Motor-Generator"  look  back  to  the  infancy  of  engi- 
neering development.  He  will  find  that  (leordie  Stephenson, 
Edison.  Clifton  Robinson,  and  many  others  were  men  of 
lowly  birth,  and  it  is  probably  due  to  those  men's  dis- 
coveries and  developments  that  "  Motor-Generator  "  obtains 
his  livelihood  to-day.  In  his  justification  of  shiftmen  being 
snobs,  I  note  "  Motor-Generator  "  states  that  snobbishness  is 
born  in  a  man.  but  with  a  man  of  "Motor-Generator's" 
refinement,  one  would  expect  to  find  all  traces  eliminated. 
If  "  Motor-Generator  "  and  his  colleagues  wish  to  advertise 
the  fact  that  they  are  gentlemen,  let  them  adept  the 
principles  of  such.  Putting  on  a  superior  air.  boasting  of 
their  University  education,  and  the  amount  of  money  their 
deluded  parents  have  spent  on  the  same,  are  items  which 
they  should  keep  in  the  background,  for,  in  the  writer's 
opinion,  a  man  with  University  and  shops'  experience  should 
be  able  to  obtain  a  healthier  and  more  lucrative  position 
than  that  of  shiftman.  Of  course,  it  is  admitted  that 
nowadays  a  man  with  no  private  means  must  keep  up 
appearances. 


86 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.  72.  No.  1,834,  jakuaby  k,  1913. 


Probably  the  gentlemou  leTencd  to  by  "  Motor-Generator  " 
are  some  of  those  who  brinsr  their  cold  mutton  sandwiches  to 
the  station  in  a  dispatch  case,  but,  in  the  writer's  opinion,  it 
does  not  make  them  one  whit  more  an  engineer  than  it  made 
a  young  lady  whom  the  writer  used  to  see  at  South  Ken- 
sington taking  home  jHitatoes  in  a  mandolin  case  a 
musician.  As  regards  the  slur  cast  on  wiremen  by  "  Motor- 
«Tenerator,"  and  his  doleful  tale  of  the  candles  and  beer,  I 
suppose  he  has  never  heard  the  tale  of  the  shiftman  who 
used  to  sto]i  the  battery  discharge  meter  and  pump  the 
battery  dry  to  get  a  low  coal  consumption  on  his  shift, 
leaving  nothing  for  the  next  man  on,  or  of  the  sub-station 
attendant  who  burnt  out  the  transformer  by  taking  the  shift 
on  the  seat  of  his  jiants  instead  of  the  soles  of  his  feet. 
Alas  I  there  are  fallen  brothers  in  all  professions.  I  i»gree 
with  him  that  wiremen  are  made  up  from  the  lower  and 
middle  classes.  And  so  are  shiftmen.  I  knew  one 
wireman,  a  doctor's  son,  who  used  to  come  to  work  in  a 
cab.  Another  was  a  clergyman's  son,  who,  in  addi- 
tion, was  a  fluent  linguist ;  also  two  who  had  been 
IDO-gumea  premium  pupils  to  a  pioneer  firm  of  electrical 
engijieei-s,  and  were  working  under  a  foreman  who  had  been 
yard  boy  in  the  days  of  their  pupilage,  so  that  "  Motor- 
Generator  "  will  see  that,  like  shiftmen,  wiremen  are  some- 
times quite  well  connected. 

It  appears  to  the  writer  it  is  quite  time  the  Government 
compelled  men  in  charge  of  electrical  and  mechanical 
machinery  to  pass  an  examination  similar  to  that  of  the 
marine  engineer,  so  that  none  could  take  charge  without  a 
certificate  proving  their  theoretical  and  practical  knowledge. 
This  would  eliminate  the  caste  question,  and  also  weed  out 
the  purely  Ihiiversity-trained  men  who  will  take  a  job  at 
any  price  to  gain  experience,  and  are  mostly  as  much  good 
on  a  breakdown  in  a  station  as  the  son  from  College  of 
:.'  r  r  fame,  in  Harry  Tate's  motoring  sketch,  is  in  repairing 
the  car. 

"We  should  then  ha\e  common-sense  men  and  have  no 
more  grumbling  than  there  is  among  marine  engineers. 


6.  F.  Sulliran. 


Birkenhead,  .Juiiiinii/  13///,  1013. 


I  have  read  with  great  interest  the  correspondence 
respecting  the  case  of  the  sub-man,  which  has  been  appearing 
ill  your  eolumns  during  the  past  few  weeks.  A  year  or  two 
ago  I  was  ii  sub-man  myself,  and  so  can  heartily  endorse 
the  strong  remarks  made  by  other  correspondents,  anent 
totally  unqualified  men  running,  or  attempting  to  run,  exjjen- 
sive  plant.  Considering,  too,  that  every  boy  starting  with 
a  wiring  contractor  can  graduate  finally  into  a  full-blown 
wireman,  it  does  not  seem  fair  of  Mr.  Potter  to  place  such 
men  on  a  level  of  efficiency  with  men  in  sub-stations,  who 
have  been  through  an  engineering  college,  and  probably 
served  their  time  in  the  shops  as  well,  '^i^alifications  should 
count  for  something  (^although  chief  engineers  of  supply 
undertfikings  consistently  refuse  to  pay  living  wages  for 
them),  and  apparently  the  sole  idea  of  the  Electrical  Trades 
Union  is  to  grind  all  down  to  a  comirion  level  of  efficiency, 
or  rather  inefficiency. 

At  the  same  time,  however,  I  must  register  a  mild  protest 
against  your  correspondents  who  seem  to  have  a  horror  of 
being  thouglit  "  tradesmen."'  Surely  to  be  a  tradesman  is 
nothing  to  be  ashamed  of,  but  rather  something  to  be 
desired.  Xo  higher  piaise  can  be  given  to  a  man  than  to 
say  that  he  is  a  good  tradesman,  whether  he  be  draughts- 
man, fitter  or  sub-station  attendant.  Kaeli  to  his  own  trade 
i"*  a  good  motto. 

:  .-Where  I  am  at  present  employed  there  are  engine  fitters 
who  are  Jnter.Sc.s  of  the  University  of  London,  and  otliers 
who  have  taken  first-class  honours  in  the  Hoard  of  Educa- 
\ion  and  City  and  < Guilds  Examinations.  These  men  can 
YT^J  be  compared  with  the  excellent  men  "Motcn-fienerator'" 
inentipns. 

.•;^^Lifit  t}8  give  Mr.  Potter"  and  his  magnificent  off'er  a  wide 
^rth— we  can  afford  to 'do  without  it.     Surely,  however,  an 


will  not  be  a  better  engineer  for  it,  and  when  he  has  achieved 
any  position  at  all  in  the  profession,  his  birth  and  upbringing 
become  matters  of  secondary  importance.  It  is  trhal  a 
man  is,  not  n-lio  a  man  is,  which  counts  in  engineerinfr 
nowadays. 

Switchboard. 

[We  are  pleased  to  publish  this  letter,  the  tone  of 
which  is  very  ditl'erent  from  that  of  some  recent  com- 
munications on  tUs  subject.  In  fact,  the  correspondence 
was  degenerating  into  an  irrelevant  discussion  of  social 
position  not  unmixed  with  personalities  verging  upon 
abuse,  and  we  must  ask  our  correspondents  to  endeavour 
to  keep  it  on  the  higher  plane  maiked  l)y  this  letter. — 
Eds.  E.R.] 


Screw  Caps  for  Radiator  Lamps. 

I  have  recently  experienced  a  lot  of  trouble  with  radiator 
lamps  and  lampholders,  which  are  of  the  ordinary  bayonet 
type,  owing  to  the  spring  in  the  lampholder  getting  tired 
after  the  continuous  application  of  heat  and  allowing  the 
bayonet  point  to  fall  away  from  the  lamp  cap,  which  sets  up 
arciiig  and  spoils  both  lamp  and  lampholder. 

I  would  suggest  to  manufacturers  that  this  trouble  would 
be  very  much  reduced  by  using  the  Edison  screw  and  caj» 
and  lampholder  ;  the  contact  would  be  firmer,  there  would 
be  greater  contact  area  and  the  lamp  would  be  better  sup- 
ported from  the  cap,  making  it  almost  unnecessary  to  put  in 
a  further  support  about  the  middle. 

The  metal-filament  lamp  manufacturers  recommend  screw 
caps  for  their  high-candle-power  lamps  :  surely  there  is  as 
much  necessity  for  a  radiator  lamp  to  be  so  fitted. 

W.  H.  Allen, 

Unyineer  and  Afititaifi'r. 

Electricity  Department,  Loughborough, 
Jamianj  \?,tlt,  191:5. 


The  Salford  Fire. 


In  your  issue  of  January  l(»th,  under  the  heading  "Fire 
Kisk,"  you  referred  to  the  recent  fire  at  Salford  as  a 
"  switchboard  fire."  We  have  no  exception  to  take  to  the 
general  tenor  of  your  remarks,  but  in  describing  the  fire  as 
a  "  Switchboard  Fire,"  an  impression  is  pnxluced  which  is 
incorrect  and  damaging. 

The  switchboard  was  totally  destroyed  by  a  tire  which 
originated  in  the  basement  and  spread  upwards  through  two 
Hoors,  and  destroyed  the  switchroom  and  its  contents,  which 
are  on  the  first  floor.  The  fire  did  not  in  any  respect 
originate  upon  the  switchboard  itself.  The  switchboard  was, 
in  actual  fact,  of  extremely  modern  construction,  and  has 
been  designed  with  special  reference  to  safety,  and  the 
elimination  of  any  such  risks  as  those  which  you  deprecate. 

Bertram  Tlioinas. 

Manchester,  Jumntrii  11///,  1913. 


a  man  has  the  llrcd  of  a  hundred  Kings  in  his  veins,  he 


High-Tension  Direct  Current  in  Mines. 

To  reply  brieflv  to  the  two  points  referred  to  by  Mr. 
Walker  :— 

LiiihilUij  to  Shorl. — I  fully  realised  the  tx)ndition8  as 
stated  by  Mr.  Walker,  but  my  point  was  that  the 
probability  of  a  short  occurring  through  mechanical  damage 
was  not  in  the  ratio  sUited.  If -aible-making  were  in  the 
experimental  stage,  and  shorts  due  to  faulty  maimfacture 
likely  to  occur,  I  would  put  the  ratio  at  less  than  thi;eQ,t.0 
one,  but  this  point  is  not  worth  labouring,  since  these  shorts 
need  never  occur,  provided,  as  I  stated  previously,  that 
"  cheap  "  (!')  cables  are  "  taboo." 

Jetnl  Boxes.— {  take  it  Mr.  Walker  refers  to  a  "straight- 
through  "  box  for,  say,  a  three-core  -O'dh  sq.  in.  wire- 
armoiired  cable  for  .'iOO  volts  or  so.  The  boxes  would  be  aboilt 
10  in.  long  x  »  in.  wide  x  5  in.  deep,  and  would  include 
provision  for  efficiently  bonding  the  armouring  at  each  end, 
the  conductivity  of  boxes  and  bonds  being  greater  than 
that  required  under  the  new  mining  lules.  Weight  com- 
plete, about  15  lb. 


Vol.  72.   No.  i,8,'?4,januakyi7,  i9i:).i     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


87 


Similar  boxes  dmiulred.s  of  which  liuve  been  inBtalled  on 
contractH  under  my  aujiervision)  f^'we  comitlctc  satisfaction 
— attention  to  details  in  laying  cable  and  boxes,  with 
particular  regard  to  local  conditions,  being  all  that  is 
necessary. 

Iklay  I  point  out  as  relevant  to  this  question  the  un- 
suitability  of  lead-sbenthed  cables  as  a  general  rule  in 
mining  work  -vulcanised  bitumen  sheaths  being  generally 
preferable,  the  dielectric  being  either  bitumeniscd  librc  or 
Iia}M>r. 

1  shall  be  much  interested  in  Mr.  Walker's  forthconnng 
paper,  though  I  may  not  be  able  to  attend  the  discussion. 

L.  C.  Trevor-Roper. 

Nottingham,  c/(^/t/w/7/  11///,   Htl3. 


THE    TRICITY    HOUSE. 


British  Laboratories  for  Electrical  Goods. 

Having  read  the  report  by  Mr.  C.  Hamilton  "Wickes, 
H.M.  Trade  Commissioner  for  Canada  and  Newfoundland, 
in  the  Elkctricai,  Review  of  January  Srd,  it  has  occurred 
to  me  that  there  is  a  lot  to  be  said  in  favour  of  a  standard 
laboratory  for  electrical  goods  to  prevent  fire  risk.  .Judging 
from  his  remarlvs,  it  is  quite  clear  that  America  is  creating  a 
protective  jwlicy  for  her  own  goods  in  Canada,  and  a  similar 
laboratory  which  would  be  recognised  by  the  insurance 
companies  here  would  prevent  a  very  large  quantity  of 
cheap  foreign  accessories  and  fittings  being  used  in  this 
country.  From  the  writer's  experience  the  accessories  used 
generally  in  this  country  and  manufactured  in  this 
country  would  have  no  difficulty  in  passing  such  a 
laboratory,  the  requirements  of  our  own  consulting 
engineers  being  far  more  stringent  than  the  American 
practice.  Of  course,  there  are  difficulties  to  be  overcome 
which  are  not  met  with  by  American  manufacturers,  seeing 
that  factories  in  America  specialise  more  on  certain  articles 
than  is  the  Ciise  with  manufacturers  here.  One  has  only  to 
refer  to  an  American  catalogue  to  appreciate  this.  For 
instance,  items  like  knife  switches  are  catalogued  in  cases  con- 
taining, say,  25,  50  or  100.  The  English  buyer  is  not  accus- 
tomed to  ordering  in  these  quantities  and  usually  purchases 
one  or  two  at  a  time.  Should  such  a  laboratory  be  formed, 
it  is  the  writer's  opinion  that  it  should  be  run  under  the 
guidance  of  the  State.  It  is  well-known  that  bribery  is 
resorted  to  in  many  instances  where  goods  have  to  be  passed 
in  a  country  like  America,  and  if  a  laboratory  is  formed  in 
this  country,  it  should  be  based  on  a  reputation  which,  as 
Mr.  Wickes  suggests,  should  be  recognised  not  only  here 
and  in  America,  but  throughout  tlie  whole  of  the  British 
Empire. 

With  regard  to  the  inspection  of  installations,  the  writer 
is  of  the  opinion  that  this  should  be  dealt  with  by  the  fire 
insurance  companies  themselves,  and  should  not  be  connected 
in  any  way  with  the  testing  laboratory  for  electrical 
apparatus.  From  a  fire  prevention  standpoint,  it  is  a 
national  duty  to  see  that  only  such  apparatus  is  used  as 
will  reduce  the  pc«ssibnities  of  fire  to  a  minimum,  and  the 
writer  is  quite  sure  that  we  should  hear  very  little  about 
fires  being  caused  by  defective  electrical  goods  if  such  a 
laboratory  were  brought  into  existence.  It  would  be  most 
unfair  to  the  electrical  contractor  if  there  was  a  possibility 
of  competition  taking  place  owing  to  some  contractors  using 
approved  material  and  othei-s  not  using  approved  material 
where  the  fire  insurance  company  was  not  directly  concerned, 
and  that  is  the  reason  why  the  writer  urges  that  it  should  be 
imperative  by  law  to  use  only  such  mateiial  as  has  received 
the  approval  of  the  laboratory. 

V.  Delebecque. 

Walsall,  Januari/  l-ith,  1913. 


It  is  with  considerable  pleasure  that  we  record  the 
inauguration  of  the  first  public  restaurant  in  London  iu 
whicli  the  whol''  uf  the  cooking,  as  well  as  the  lighting  and 
heating,  is  done  by  electricity.  We  say  "  first "  advisedly, 
for  we  are  sure  it  will  not  be  the  la«t ;  and  we  feel  that  this 
younger  branch  of  the  industry  is  greatly  indebted  to  the 
enterprise  of  Messrs.  Modern  Kitchens,  Ltd.,  who  have 
adopted  this  effective  method  of  bringing  home  to  the 
general  public  the  advantages  and  capabilities  of  electricity 
in  its  domestic  applications.  As  our  readers  are  aware,  th'.; 
promotei-s  of  this  new  venture  have  been  indefatigable  in 
demonstrating  the  merits  of  electric  cooking,  and  of  the 
"  Tricity "  cooking  appliances  in  particular,  lx>th  iu 
London  and  in  the  Provinces,  and  their  expert  demon- 
strator, Mr.  F.  S.  Grogan,  who  combines  with  a  thonaigh 
training  in  electrical  engineering  a  remarkable  aptitude  for 
the  culinary  art,  and  a  natural  gift  of  lucid  exposition,  has 
earned  a  well-merited  reputation  as  an  electrical  chef 
throughout  the  country.  In  more  than  a  score  of  towns, 
we  understand,  the  ■"  Tricity  "  cookers  can  now  be  obtained 
on  hire  from  the  supply  authorities,  and  electricity  for 
cooking  can  be  had  for  Id.  a  unit,  or  even  less,  in  over  50 
districts.  A  campaign  has  now  been  opened  in  the 
Metropolis,  which  has  not  yet  been  generally  enlightened 
upon  the  subject  of  electric  cooking,  and  we  wish  it  all 
success. 

The  new  restaurant  is  situated  at  48,  Oxford  titreet, 
between  Tottenham  Court  Road  and  Oxford  Circus,  and  is 
marked  by  an  electric  sign,  which  is  visible  as  far  as  the 
Circus.  The  equipment  comprises  ovens,  grills  and  boiling 
hot-plates  capable  of  dealing  with  the  whole  of  the  cooking, 
but  occupying  a  remarkably  small  space — only  15  x  12  ft. 
— which  implies  a  very  considerable  saving  in  rent  as  com- 
pared with  the  older  systems  of  cooking.  Beginning  in  a 
modest  way,  at  present  only  luncheons  and  teas  are  served, 
but  later  on  it  is  intended  to  provide  dinners  and  suppers. 
Meals  are  served  on  three  flooi-s,  which  are  tastefully  deco- 
rated in  various  styles  and  comfortably  furnished.  Each 
floor  is  in  communication  with  the  kitchen  (which  is  on  the 
top  floor)  by  a  service  lift,  and  on  each  floor  there  is  a  service 
counter,  provided  with  electric  cookers  for  making  tea, 
coffee,  toast,  &c.,  the  kitchen  being  reserved  for  the  heavier 
work.  A  considerable  amount  of  the  cooking  is  thus  per- 
formed in  view  of  the  customei-s,  who  are  thereby  enabled  to 
observe  the  perfect  cleanliness  of  the  system  and  the  absence 
of  unpleasant  fumes  and  odours. 

The  employment  of  so  many  appliances  in  the  restaui'ant 
rendered  it  advisable  to  install  indicators  to  show  when  each 
cooker  was  on  high  or  low  heat,  or  oft'.  The  indicator 
measures  12  x  3  in.,  and  projects  about  4  in.  from 
the  wall.  A  plug  socket  is  attached  horizontally 
to  the  projecting  base,  and  on  the  front  are  mounted 
a  fuse,  main  switch,  and  indicating  lamp.  The  lamp  is 
connected  in  parallel  with  a  compound  resistance  element, 
which  is  in  series  with  the  main  current,  and  consists  of  a 
spiral  of  wire  ending  in  two  chps,  between  which  a  small 
stick  of  carbon  is  connected  ;  when  the  full  current  is  on, 
the  carbon  heats  and  its  resistance  falls,  while  with  the  low 
current  the  resistance  of  the  carlton  is  greater.  The  result 
is  that  the  lamp  glows  on  either  heat,  but  its  brilliancy  is  so 
varied  that  the  cook  can  tell  at  a  glance  which  heat  is  in 
use. 

All  is  now  ready  ;  we  need  only  recall  the  well-worn  adage 
about  the  proof  of  the  pudding,  and  recommend  our  readers 
to  go  and  try  it  for  themselves— and  send  their  doubting 
clients  also. 


Sentences. — The  16  young  employ  (is  of  the  Londoii 
Eleotric  Railway  Co.  who,  a^  already  reported,  were  recently  before 
the  Court  charged  with  irregularities  in  coanection  with  unpunched 
tickets.Vere  before  the  Common  Serjeant  on  10th  inst.  Eleven 
of  theto*ere  feound  over  to  oome  up  for  asntenoe  if  called  upon, 
ani  the  othsrs  werg  sentenced  to  periods  of  imprisonment  varyicg 
from  three  months'  hard  labour,  to  one  month  in  the  second 
division. 


Australian  Tariffs.— The  Austrahau  Customs  duthoiities 

tare  recently  given  a  decision,  to  the  effect  that ' '  Electrical'  appliances, ' 
conduit  electric  fittings  for— plain  tee  and  elbow  inspection  pieces 
are  to  be  classified  under  No.  175  (D)  of  the  tfuiff,  the  duty  bein^ 
17J  per  cent,  ad  raUrem  on  foreign  manufacturers  and  10  per  cent. 
on  British  floods- 


88 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.  79.  No.  i,834,  janoaht  17, 1913. 


OUR  LEGAL  QUERY  COLUMN. 

[Qvsstwru  addrftsfd  to  this   column   should   he  writttn  on  one  tide 
of  the  paper  only.~\ 


"IXyUIEKK  "  aske  : — "  I  shall  be  glad  if  you  could  refer  me  to  any 
iudf^ment  that  has  l>een  given  in  Uie  course  of  law  on  the 
following  tiuestion  :  — 

"A  consumers  meter  stops  between  the  dates  of  reading,  and  in 
rendering  the  account  a  fair  average  is  made  on  the  assumption 
that  current  has  been  consumed  during  the  period  the  meter  has 
ceased  to  read.  The  consumer  states  that  he  had  used  no  current 
over  the  period  covered  by  two  meter  readings,  although  the  meter 
read  for  a  portion  of  the  time." 

*.'  The  Electric  Lighting  Clauses  Act,  lSlt9.  contains  no  pro- 
vision which  expressly  covers  the  point  suggested  in  this  query. 
Assuming  that  the  consumer  was  able  to  prove  absolutely  that  he 
had  had  no  current  during  the  period  mentioned,  it  is  difficult  to  see 
how  he  could  be  made  legally  liable  to  pay  for  a  supply,  either  as 
by  the  ordinary  law,  or  by  an  arbitrator  acting  pursuant  to  the 
Schedule  to  the  above  Act,  Clause  57.  It  is  there  provided  that  if 
any  difference  arises  between  any  consumer  and  the  undertakers  as 
to  whether  any  meter,  whereby  the  value  of  the  supply  is 
ascertained  (whether  belonging  to  the  consumer  or  to  the  under- 
takers), is  or  is  not  in  proper  order  for  correctly  registering  that 
value,  or  as  to  whether  the  value  has  been  correctly  registered  in 
any  case  by  any  meter,  that  difference  shall  be  determined  upon  the 
application  of  either  party  by  an  electrical  inspector,  or,  where  the 
local  authority  are  the  consumers,  by  an  inspector  to  be  appointed 
by  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  the  inspector  shall  also  order  by  which 
of  the  parties  the  costs,  and  incidental  to,  the  proceedings  before 
him  shall  be  paid,  and  the  decision  of  the  inspector  shall  be  final 
and  binding  on  all  parties.  It  an  inspector  were  to  arbitrate  under 
this  section,  and  had  power  to  award,  an  amount  (the  question 
whether  he  has  such  power  appearing  to  be  somewhat  doubtful)  it 
would  appear  that  he  would  be  entitled  to  consider  emphatic 
evidence  to  the  effect  that  no  current  was  supplied. 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Tlie  Change  of  Energy  Loss  with  Speed  in  Direct-Current 
Machines. 

By  W.  M.  Thornton,  D.Sc,  D.Eng. 

(Ahgtrtii't  of  paper  read  before  the  INSTITUTION'   or   ELECTRICAL 
Engineers  at  \ewcaxile,  .Xorember  Wth.  1912.) 

The  present  note  deals  with  measurements  for  the  purpose  of 
examining  the  dependence  of  loss  on  speed  made  upon  a  7J-H.P. 
Westinghouse  u.c.  four-pole  motor,  running  at  a  normal  speed  of 
1,500  K.P..M.  The  windage  tests  are  novel,  in  that  they  were  made 
by  running  the  machine  in  air  and  in  raruo. 

A  large  cast-iron  tank  specially  made  for  the  tests,  which  could 
be  exhausted  to  a  pressure  of  a  few  millimetres  of  mercury,  was 
fitted  to  contain  the  tested  machine.  The  latter  was  driven  from 
an  external  motor  by  a  i-in.  steel  shaft  passing  through  a  stuffing 
box.  The  efficiency  of  the  motor  at  the  power  and  speed  used  was 
determined  with  great  accuracy,  and  the  power  supplied  to  it 
daring  the  tests  measured  by  standard  instruments.  After  each 
change  in  speed  four  to  five  hours  were  allowed  to  elapse  before 
taking  a  reading,  in  order  that  bearing  temperatures  might  become 
steady  and  that  the  temperature  of  the  driving  motor  might  also 
adjust  itself  to  the  change  of  load  upon  it. 

The  loss  caused  by  bearing  friction  and  windage  together  is  most 
usually  taken  to  obey  a  law  of  the  form  Watts  =  a  u',  where  x 
has  been  found  to  be  nearly  r5.  Neither  of  the  components,  how- 
ever, obeys  a  simple  law.  Arnold  gives  for  bearing  friction  the 
relation  w  =  98  k  /  (/  c/t,  in  which  c  is  the  velocity  of  rubbing  in 
metres  per  second,  I  the  length  and  d  the  diameter  of  the  bearing 
in  centimetres,  T  the  temperature  in  degrees  C,  and  K  a  coefficient, 
numerically  nbout  2,  depending  on  the  oil.  At  lower  velocities, 
from  0'5  to  4  metres  a  second,  w  =  9'8  k  /  d  c  '  Vt. 

There  is.  therefore,  a  period  of  transition  from  one  law  to  the 
other. 

The  power  required  to  drive  air  through  a  large  machine  is  not 
negligible.  All  that  design  can  do  is  to  remove  the  loss  by  wind 
eddies,  where  these  have  no  cooling  influence,  and  to  direct  the  air 
to  where  it  can  be  most  usefully  applied  as  a  cooling  agent.  The 
laws  of  gaseous  eddies  would  lead  to  an  expression  in  which  the 
resistance  to  movement  varies  as  the  square  of  the  velocity,  or  the 
power  as  its  cube,  and  all  windage  loss  is  generally  taken  to  follow 
this  law.  There  is,  however,  in  the  present  experiments,  evidence  of 
loss  corresponding  to  a  lower  index. 

The  variation  of  loss  with  speed  derived  from  the  figures  cannot 
be  made  to  fit  exactly  any  expression  of  the  form  w  »=  a  tu. 

Following  the  usage  of  the  Kapp-Hausmann  diagram  and  plotting 
Villi  against  speed,  the  curve  of  fig.  1  is  obtained,  which,  inter- 
cepting the  vertical  axis  above  zero,  confirms  the  existence  in  these 
experiments  of  a  term  proportional  to  the  first  power  of  the  speed. 
Perhaps  the  most  interesting  feature  of  this  curve  is  that  it  is 
straif  bt  over  a  long  range  of  speed,  and  that  there  is  a  remarkable 
increase  in  the  value  of  w/;*,  beginning  in  this  c&se  at  about 
1,100  B.p.u.    Thii  long  itraigbt  portion,  whloh  oorrespondi  to  t, 


term  in  the  power  of  the  form  h  «',  may  explain  the  straightness  of 
the  line  usually  found  in  the  running-light  method  of  testing 
losses.  Windage  would  then  fall  in  with  eddy-current  loss  over 
this  range  of  speed.  The  fact  that  this  line  is  sometimes  curved 
from  the  base  is  explained  later  in  the  consideration  of  eddy-current 
loss,  and  that  it  is  more  often  bent  upwards  at  high  speeds  is  to  be 
expected  from  the  prominence  of  the  higher  power  windage  loss 
only  developing  at  some  critical  speed,  peculiar,  no  doubt,  to  each 
machine  or  type  of  desit;n.  The  mean  index  corresponding  to  the 
rising  part  of  fig.  1  is,  however,  nearly  2  from  1,200  to  2,000  k.1'..m. 
The  complete  expression  for  the  power  absorbed  would  then  appear 
to  be  here  of  the  form  w  =  <i  n  <  h  «"  -f  <■  «  ■,  in  which  the  iirst  term 
corresponds  to  a  resistance  of  constant  amount,  the  second  to  one 
proportional  to  the  speed,  and  the  third  to  the  s.iuare  of  the  speed. 


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R.P.M. 

Fif).  ].— Wind  Resistance  Index  and  Speed 


As  a  first  and  rough  approximation  the  curve  can  be  represented  by 
\v  =  5'5  .  10  •'« ',  though  with  this  the  values  are  at  first  low,  and  at 
intermediate  speeds  high. 

This  is  the  law  generally  taken  to  represent  windage  loss,  and  is 
always  characteristic  of  loss  of  power  by  turbulent  motion,  in 
which  the  resistance  is  proportional  to  the  square  of  the  speed. 
Any  resistance  proportional  to  the  speed  can  only  be  caused  by 
opposing  forces  of  the  nature  of  .v/;«  friction,  in  which  the  energy 
is  communicated  to  the  surrounding  medium  through  disturbances 
of  the  nature  of  colliaions  rather  than  eddies.  The  existence  of  a 
constant  resistance  i^,  so  far  as  I  know,  a  new  feature  in  wind 
resistance  experiments,  and  should,  therefore,  only  be  received  after 
further  experimental  evidence. 

The  conclusion  from  the  present  experiments  is  that  there  are  at 
least  two  terms  in  the  wind  resistance  of  electrical  machines,  one 
corresponding  to  the  formation  of  eddies,  the  other  to  a  skin  friction. 
For  modern  types  of  covered  armatare,  the  former  only  becomes 
important  at  high  speeds,  whilst,  for  smooth  covered  surfaces,  the 
latter  is  not  negligible  at  low  speeds. 

The  same  machine  removed  from  the  vacuum  tank  and  driven  by 
the  sarr.e  motor  was  tested  by  the  measured-power  and  running-down 
method  under  three  conditions  :  with  solid  poles,  with  solid  poles  and 


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R.PM. 

Fig.  2. — Change  of  Coefficient  of  Eddy-Cpbbknt  Loss 
with  Speed. 


laminated  pole-shoes,  and  with  poles  laminated  throughout.  In 
each  case  the  friction  plus  windage  loss  was  separately  measured, 
and  since  there  was  no  change  other  than  the  removal  of  end 
bearings  to  permit  the  armature  to  be  drawn  and  the  poles  inter- 
changed, the  mechanical  conditions  should  have  been  the  same  in 
each  case.  It  was,  however,  found  that  the  three  winding  and 
friction  lines  did  not  coincide.  This  illustrates  the  effect  on  bearing 
friction  which  may  arise  in  practice  from  exceedingly  small  changes 
in  alifinment. 

The  figures,  an  far  as  they  go,  show  that  the  shaft  friction  index 
does  perceptibly  change  with  speed,  between  w  »•  &  «"  at  low  speeds 
and  w  =  6  n  at  high. 

These  tests  were  repeated  with  the  fields  magnetised  to  give  a 
gap  flux  density  of  6,800  lines  per  sq.  cm.,  and  taking  as  before  the 
ratio  w/n  as  ordinate,  a  farther  set  of  curves  (fig.  2)  was  obtained 
which  are  of  Interest,    Each  conilitt  of  two  distinct  parts,  and  th« 


Toi.  73.  No.  1,831,  januabt  17,1013.]      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


80 


point  of  flexure  U  in  each  o«m  at  •  ipeed  of  830.  Below  tbli  the 
curves  are  parallel ;  above  it  they  diverge  in  order  of  lamination. 
The  Intercepti  on  the  vertiosl  azui  oorrespond  to  the  hyfltereeie  lou 
in  each  oase  or  one  proportional  to  the  epeed.  If  the  hyHtereels 
loee  in  laminated  polcH  can  be  nejflcotod  in  comparison  with  that 
in  the  armaturo,  wc  have  the  result  that  even  with  laminated  shoeB 
and  Bolid  poloH  there  is  an  incrcano  of  20  per  cent,  in  the  total  first 
power  loH»,  and  with  solid  poles  and  shoes  87  per  cent,  increose,  as 
distinct  from  second  power  loss.  The  ratio  of  slot  oponingr  to  air- 
pap  is  3'S,  the  larpc  value  of  which  mi(fht  be  cxi)ected  to  (jive  rise 
to  larprer  than  usual  pulsations  in  the  pole  (lux. 

Since  the  lines  of  flpf.  2  are  straight  the  eddy  current  index 
derived  from  them  is  in  each  case  2,  both  for  speeds  above  and  below 
the  point  of  flexure.  Apart  from  eddy-eurrent  loss  in  the  arma- 
ture, which  is  known  to  follow  the  square  law,  this  shows  that 
there  is  "turbulent'  magnetic  movement  in  the  poles  rather  than 
symmetrical  pulsation  in  the  solid  yoke.  But  thoupfh  the  speed 
index  is  the  same  for  each  curve,  the  coefficients  are  not.  The 
cause  of  the  change  in  the  eddy-current  coefficient  at,  in  this  case, 
830  K.P.M.,  is  to  be  80U(fht  either  in  the  amplitude  or  in  the  type  of 
masrnetic  oscillation  in  the  poles. 

The  conclusion  from  these  tests  is  that  they  agree  very  fairly 
well  with  those  hi  vacuo  as  regards  windage,  and  that  the  bearing 
friotion  loss  is  relatively  higher  at  low  speeds  than  at  high,  the 
index  decreasing  with  rise  of  speed.  Pole  lamination  has  appa- 
rently an  effect  upon  hysteresis  as  well  as  upon  eddy-current  loss. 
The  index  of  the  latter  is  in  all  cases  2,  but  the  coefficients 
change  at  some  critical  speed,  being  the  'same  in  all  cases  at  low 
speeds. 

Dl.SCUSSION. 

Mr.  a.  H.  Law  remarked  upon  the  important  bearing  which 
windage  loss  had  upon  the  design  of  high-speed  machinery,  and 
mentioned  that  in  some  cases,  where  the  windage  had  been  found  to 
be  excessive,  it  had  been  possible  to  reduce  greatly  the  ventilation 
without  appreciably  increasing  the  temperature  rise,  on  account  of 
the  reduction  of  the  losses  caused  by  the  air  eddies.  In  alternators 
designed  for  very  low  temperature  rises  it  had  been  found  advan- 
tageous to  put  the  ventilating  fan  at  the  outlet  in  order  to  avoid 
heating  up  the  air  before  it  reached  the  windings.  Surface  speed 
was  also  an  important  factor,  as  it  had  been  found  that  shortening 
a  given  carcass  for  a  smaller  output  did  not  result  in  a  proportional 
decrease  in  the  windage  loss. 

Mr.  C.  H.  Davidson  regretted  that  Dr.  Thornton's  experiments 
had  been  made  on  such  a  small  machine.  He  had  windage-loss 
curves  for  plants  of  various  sizes,  but  in  no  case  could  he  find  a 
simple  expression  to  agree  with  any  of  them,  some  varying  approxi- 
mately as  the  square  and  others  as  the  cube  of  the  speed.  This 
meant  that  a  formula  worked  out  for  one  machine  could  not  be 
applied  to  another  having  different  proportions  of  length  to 
diameter,  different  surface  speed  and  different  construction,  and  the 
matter  was  further  complicated  by  such  items  as  the  shape  of  the 
slots  and  air  psssages.  A  curve  giving  windage  plus  bearing  losses 
was  obtained  from  a  2.50-KW.  D.C.  armature,  and  by  assuming  that 
the  bearing  losses  varied  directly  as  the  sp€ed  it  was  found  that  the 
windage  loss  varied  very  nearly  as  the  speed  squared.  This  armature 
was  smooth  and  covered  with  binding  wire  and  centrifugal  fan  action 
would  be  almost  entirely  absent.  Of  course  it  was  not  correct  to 
assume  that  the  bearing  loss  went  up  directly  as  the  speed,  because 
it  really  went  up  fa«ter  than  in  strict  proportion,  and  so  the  true 
windage  loss  would  show  the  existence  of  the  an  term  as  well  as 
the  '/  «^  term.  On  these  high-speed  armatures  there  was  always  a 
skin  of  air  being  carried  round  and  round  by  the  armature,  which 
Beemed  to  stick  to  it,  and  he  suggested  that  Dr.  Thornton  might  be 
able  to  trace  in  this  the  origin  of  the  a  n  term.  In  some  cases,  this 
skin  of  air  could  be  got  rid  of  by  fitting  scrapers  when  the  pole- 
pieces  did  not  have  this  effect  themselves.  In  another  case,  that 
of  an  old  250-KW.  armature  specially  built  for  single-phase  work 
and  having  an  "  H  "  type  revolving  field,  it  was  found  that  the 
windage  loss  varied  very  nearly  as  the  oube  of  the  speed.  In  that 
case  the  rotor  had  an  enormous  centrifuga.1  effect,  which  would 
account  for  the  largeness  of  the  third  power  term  in  the  equation. 
In  high-speed  turbine  plants  the  accurate  determination  of  the 
windage  losses  was  of  the  utmost  importance,  as  they  formed  such 
a  large  proportion  of  the  total  losses.  In  some  cases,  the  windage  losses 
in  direct-current  machines,  where  the  speed  was  high  and  resort 
had  to  be  m<ide  to  powerful  ventilation  for  carrying  away  the  heat, 
amounted  to  as  much  as  40  per  cent,  of  the  total  losses.  In  the  case 
of  alternators  the  percentage  was  considerably  lower,  but  where 
the  speed  was  high,  the  windage  loss  often  amounted  to  as  much 
as  25  per  cent,  to  30  per  cent,  of  the  total  losses.  Windage  losses 
were  greater  in  machines  which  depended  for  their  ventilation  upon 
fans  mounted  upon  the  rotor,  as  it  was  difficult  to  design  such  fans 
to  have  anything  approaching  a  really  high  efficiency.  One  of  the 
5,000-KW.  alternators  at  Carville  had  a  windage  loss  as  low  as 
26  KW.  =  1(5  per  cent,  of  the  total  losses,  but  in  this)  case  the 
ventilation  was  produced  by  externally-driven  fans  which  con- 
sumed approximately  17  KW.,  so  that  the  total  ventilation  and 
windage  loss  amounted  to  about  27  per  cent,  of  the  total  losses  of 
the  machine.  In  another  case  a  500-KW.  single-phase  alternator 
was  found  to  have  a  windage  loss  amounting  to  almost  50  per  cent, 
of  the  total  losses,  while  at  the  same  time  the  temperature  rises 
were  quite  moderate.  The  quantity  of  air  passing  through  the 
rotor  was  reduced  with  the  result  that  the  windage  loss  was 
halved,  and  the  temperature  rise  was  practically  the  same  as 
before. 

Mr.  C.  Turn)!Ull  said  that  even  small  losses  in  central 
stations  were  of  importance.  A  20-KW.  loss  in  a  generator  might 
not  seem  large,  but  nevertheless  it  equalled  16O,O0o  units  in  a  year 
of  8,000  running  hours. 


Mr.  T,  Cahtek  Mid  that  in  low.ip«ed  machinei  th«  tiaot 
windage  ooefllciont  waa  not  of  great  importance  ;  the  windafre  and 
friotion  lo»(ieii  might  amount  to  only  2  per  cent,  or  3  per  c«nt.  of 
the  output,  io  that  an  error  of,  Bay,  10  per  cent.,  in  eatimating  the«« 
loaseB  was  quite  negligible.  He  mentioned  a  caae  of  a  motor- 
generator,  in  which  it  was  found  that  there  wad  an  extra  lotin,  on 
overload,  which  seem  to  depend  upon  the  loa^l  of  the  mafThine. 
The  loss  varied  as  the  square  of  the  speed,  and  he  KUggente*!  that 
some  cxporimcntH  to  lind  out  cxa<;tly  what  it  wa«  might  form  a 
useful  continuation  of  the  prew^nt  record. 

Mk.  F.  O.  Hi;.nt  Haid  that  previously  he  bad  not  felt  that  any- 
thing like  the  truth  had  been  arrived  at  in  accounting  for  the 
upward  curve  found  at  the  top  end  of  the  Kopp-IIauHmann 
diagram. 

Ml!.  W.  B,\.\TKR  asked  if  procautions  hail  been  taken  to  get  rid 
of  all  residual  field,  as  otherwise  the  rcHults  could  not  Vm  accurate. 
With  regard  to  trapped  air,  he  did  not  think  that  any  reasonably 
good  designer  would  be  likely  to  leave  "pocket«"  in  which  air 
could  be  imprisoned,  as  one  of  the  chief  points  in  design  was  to 
ensure  that  air  rirctilaffd  through  every  part  of  the  windings.  The 
curves  showed  that  there  was  not  a  great  deal  to  be  gained  by 
carrying  the  laminations  b«!yond  the  pole  faces,  at  leant  with  a 
ratio  of  slot  opening  to  air-gap  of  3'5  to  1.  That  ratio  was  not  very 
excessive,  as  a  ratio  of  5  to  1  was  often  found  in  small  crane 
motors.  He  felt  certain  that  the  loss  mentioned  by  Mr.  Carter  waa 
due  to  brush  losses.  As  an  example  of  the  magnitude  to  which 
these  losses  due  to  commutation  currents  in  the  brushes  might 
attain,  he  mentioned  the  great  variations  which  were  observed  in 
the  no-load  current  of  a  n.c.  motor  when  the  brushes  were  moved 
away  from  the  neutral  position. 

Dk.  W.  M.  Thorkton,  in  reply,  said  that  the  remarks  of  the  first 
spjakers  were  interesting,  as  showing  the  real  gain  which  could  be 
effected  by  shrouding  end -connectors  wherever  possible.  Some  tests 
were  under  way  which  seemed  to  show  that  great  variations  in 
bearing  losses  were  possible  with  even  small  changes  in  the 
dimensions.  He  agreed  that  Mr.  Carter's  overload  loss  might  be  a 
commutation  effect.  Some  years  ago  Prof.  Threlfall  had  shown 
that  in  alternators  there  was  an  increase  of  7  per  cent,  in  the  iron 
loss  as  the  load  came  on.  A  suggestion  by  Mr.  Hunt  regarding  quasi- 
rigidity  should,  he  thought,  be  further  considered.  If  the  effect  was 
a  real  one  and  not  derived  from  some  undetected  change  in  the 
mechanical  friction,  it  was  difficult  to  see  a  better  explanation  than 
that  it  might  be  due  to  the  shearing  of  the  air  blast  entering  the 
armature  axially. 

Discussion  at  MionLESBROuuH  on  November  8th,  1912. 

Mr.  Lonoman  suggested  that  the  large  windage  losses  in  high- 
speed machines  might  lead  to  other  means  being  adopted  to  get  rid 
of  the  heat,  such  as  water  or  oil  cooling  of  the  stator.  Referring  to 
bearing  friction,  the  machine  in  the  first  case  was  run  unexcited,  and 
no  pull  due  to  want  of  magnetic  balance  would  be  experienced,  but 
with  many  machines,  especially  high-speed  ones,  bearing  troubles 
occurred  under  load  due  to  this  cause  and  to  circulating  currents  in 
the  shafts  and  bearings. 

Mb.  Christiasson  said  that,  so  long  as  iron  and  copper  losses 
took  place  in  machines,  the  windage  loss  could  be  looked  upon  as  a 
useful  loss,  with  the  exception  of  the  wind-eddy  component. 

Mr.  Marshall  closed  the  discussion  with  a  few  remarks,  and 
Dr.  Thornton  briefly  replied  to  the  various  speakers. 


Rdntgcn  Society. 


At  the  meeting  of  the  Rontgen  Society  on  January  7th,  Prof. 
A.  W.  Porter  delivered  an  address  on  the  subject  of  electric  dis- 
charges at  high  gas  pressures,  as  recorded  photographicsdly.  The 
spark  photographs  were  obtained  in  the  usual  manner  by  connecting 
the  terminals  of  an  induction  coil  to  two  electrodes,  one  of  which 
was  placed  on  each  side  of  a  photographic  plate,  and  an  arrange- 
ment made  by  which  a  single  spark  was  passed,  the  plate  being 
subsequently  developed.  The  negative  spark — that  is,  the  sjiark 
obtained  when  the  negative  terminal  was  in  contact  with  the  sensi- 
tive side  of  the  plate — in  air  at  ordinary  pressure  had  as  its  charac- 
teristic feature  certain  fan-like  expansions,  like  the  blades  of  a  palm 
leaf  ;  but  at  higher  pressures  some  fine  filaments  developed,  and  the 
appearance  then  resembled  that  of  the  fronds  of  a  fern.  These 
little  filaments  changed  again  at  still  higher  pressures,  and  at  a 
pressure  of  14  atmospheres  they  were  represented  simply  by  a  fluffy 
appearance  all  along  the  main  lines  of  the  discharge.  The  fan- 
like expansions  characteristic  of  the  negative  spark  seemed  to  be 
dependent  upon  the  presence  of  free  nitrogen  in  the  gas  through 
which  the  discharge  was  taking  place.  Oxygen  and  carbon 
dioxide  gave  no  trace  of  the  fans.  Oxygen  also  differed  from 
nitrogen  in  the  fact  that,  while  in  the  case  of  the  latter  the  nega- 
tive discharge  would  scarcely  pass  if  the  pressure  were  increased  a 
little,  in  the  case  of  oxygen  at  similar  pressures  the  effect  was  as 
conspicuous  as  ever.  The  discharge  in  hydrogen  was  always  very 
small,  though  he  wag  not  certain  whether  this  was  due  to  the  elec- 
trical properties  of  hydrogen,  or  to  its  high  thermal  conductivity. 
The  positive  discharges  seemed  to  be  less  worthy  of  note  than  the 
negative,  because  the  differences  in  different  gases  were  com- 
paratively small,  so  far  as  general  appearances  went.  He  hazarded 
the  conjecture  that  these  fan-like  expansions  obtainable  with  the 
negative  discharge  represented  in  some  sense  or  another  what  mierht 
be  "called  an  explosion  or  a  disintegration  set  up  in  the  surrouding 
gas  by  the  discharge.  Then  each  of  the  points  from  which  the 
filaments  of  the  fan  emanated  would  be  the  centre  of  the 
explosion,  and  the  different  blades  of  the  fan  would  represent  the 
paths  of  ions  or  of  ion  aggr^ate*. 


90 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [Voi.73.  no.  1,834,  januabt  17, 1913. 


In  the  diBcussion  which  followed,  Mr.  A.  A.  Campbell  Swinton 
remarked  that  the  nefrntive  diecharges  generally  seemed  to  go  in 
straight  lines  or  in  long-,  sweeping  curves,  such  as  one  would 
expect  from  projectiles  which  were  having  a  free  course,  which  the 
very  small  negative  electrons  might  be  supposed  to  have.  The 
positive  figures  resembled  rather  the  wriggling  path  of  larger 
bodies  which  had  a  tendency  to  be  sucked  in.  That  more  or  less 
fitted  in  with  the  modern  electron  theory,  namely,  that  the 
nejfative  electrons  were  very  Rmall,  and  the  positive  carriers  very 
much  larger. 

Mr.  W.  Ddddell  said  that,  supposing  the  discharge  really  did 
pase  through  the  gas.  the  method  seemed  to  furnish  a  new  means 
of  analysing  gases,  and  an  insight  into  the  molecular  strnoture  of 
gases  might  possibly  be  forthcoming  by  means  of  the  fine  detail 
visible  in  the  discharges. 

In  his  reply,  PuOF.  Porter  dealt  at  some  length  with  the 
influence  of  the  magnetic  field  on  these  effects.  There  were  diflB- 
culties,  he  said,  in  getting  a  suflBciently  strong  field  in  such  cum- 
brous apparatus  as  one  was  compelled  to  use  for  the  high  pressures, 
but  at  ordinary  pressures  it  was  found  that  the  magnetic  field  had 
no  sensible  influence  whatever  on  themainfigure  that  was  obtained. 
He  thought  the  results  indicated  that  the  negative  discharge  was 
not  carried  by  free  electrons,  but  by  loaded  electrons.  If  it  were 
carried  by  free  electrons  one  would  get  the  same  deflection  for  the 
magnetic  field  as  one  trot  with  the  cathode  stream. 


If  the  transfer  number  of  the  ions  is  known,  enabling  what  is 
here  called  unit  current  to  be  defined,  these  equations  enable  us  to 
measure  the  differences  between  the  latent  heats  of  solution  in  very 
dilute  solutions  of  a  salt  in  two  different  solvents. 

The  above  results  suppose  that  alcohol  behaves  like  a  solvent 
that  does  not  mix  with  water.  The  case  of  water-alcohol-potassium 
iodide  cells  with  silver-silver  iodide  electrodes  was  therefore 
studied,  and  a  modified  definition  of  the  partition  coefficient  was 
arrived  at  for  liquids  which  inter-diffuse  and  one  of  which  is  able 
partly  to  precipitate  salt  out  of  the  other  (alcohol  partially  pre- 
cipitates potassium  iodide  from  a  strong  solution  of  the  latter  in 
water).  Two  such  solutions  are  in  partition  equilibrium  when  the 
ratio  of  the  strength  of  solution  is  such  that  when  the  weaker 
solvent  is  saturated,  the  stronger  solution  is  sufficiently  diluted  to 
prevent  any  preventary  precipitation  of  salt  by  inter-diffusion. 

Dr.  Laurie  suggests  that  the  source  of  energy  in  such  a  cell  when 
the  salt  is  saturated  on  both  sides,  and  yet  the  cell  is  exothermic,  is 
to  be  looked  for  in  the  heat  set  free  by  the  ionio  mixing  of  water 
and  alcohol,  due  to  the  carriage  of  water  and  alcohol  across  the 
boundaries  combined  with  the  respective  ions. 


LEGAL. 


Faradaj  Society. 

At  the  December  meeting  of  the  Society,  Dr.  A.  P.  Lacrie, 
Principal  of  the  Heriot-Watt  College,  Edinburgh,  delivered  a 
lecture  on  "Concentration  Cells,"  embodying  his  researches  of  the 
last  few  years  on  the  particular  type  of  cell  in  which  the  same  salt 
is  dissolved  in  two  different  solvents. 

If  a  salt  is  shaken  up  with  two  different  liquids  which  do  not 
mix,  the  salt  is  shared  between  the  two  solvents  in  a  definite  pro- 
portion, which  is  constant  for  dilute  solution,  and  known  as  the 
partition  coefficient.  If  after  so  shaking  up,  the  liquids  are  allowed 
to  separate,  and  a  similar  electrode  introduced  into  each,  there  will 
be  no  E.M.F.  between  the  electrodes.  If  a  different  concentration  of 
salt  be  taken,  at  the  boundary  the  concentrations  will  be  such  as  to 
fall  under  the  relation  of  the  partition  coefficient,  and  each  cell  can 
therefore  be  regarded  as  an  ordinary  concentration  cell.  If  instead 
of  two  liquids  which  do  not  mix,  one  selects  liquids  which  do  mix, 
the  problem  becomes  much  more  complicated,  but  the  study  of  it  is 
simplified  by  imagining  the  liquids  .separated  by  a  third  solvent 
which  mixes  with  neither  of  the  other*- 

Dr.  Laurie's  experiments  on  such  cells  were  carried  out  by  using 
•  little  stoppered  vessels  inverted  and  plunged  in  the  solution,  and 
a  Dolezalek  electrometer.  The  stoppers  not  being  greased,  there 
was  sufficient  contact  between  the  liquids  outside  and  inside  the 
bottles  to  give  electrical  connection,  and  yet  there  was  no  mixirg. 
The  combinations  used  were  potassium  iodide  and  iodine  dissolved 
in  water  and  nitrobenzene,  with  platinum  electrodes  :  potassium 
iodide  and  iodine  dissolved  in  water  and  ethyl  alcohol,  with 
platinum  electrodes ;  and  potassium  iodide  in  water  and  ethyl 
alcohol,  with  silver-silver  iodide  electrodes. 

The  first  experiments  described  with  these  cells  were  on  the  effect 
of  temperature  on  e.m.f.  In  ordinary  concentration  cells,  if  the  con- 
centration on  one  side  is  kept  constant  and  that  on  the  other  side 
varied,  and  the  concentration  e.m.f.  curve  plotted,  this  will  be 
found  to  out  the  zero  e.m.f.  line  at  the  same  point  at  whatever 
temperature  the  experiments  are  made,  and  with  the  reversal  of  the 
EM.F.  the  temperature  co-efficient  is  reversed,  the  cells  being  always 
endothermic.  The  peculiarity  of  the  present  cells  is  that  the  con- 
centration E.M.F.  curves  at  different  temperatures  do  not  meet  on 
the  zero  e.m.f.  line,  and  with  the  reversal  of  the  e.m.f.  the 
temperature  co-efficient  is  not  reversed,  the  cells  becoming 
exothermic,  giving  out  heat  as  well  as  producing  current.  For 
example,  in  the  case  of  potassium  iodide  in  water  and  alcohol,  the 
cell  is  exothermic  when  the  current  is  in  the  direction  of 
transferring  potassium  iodide  from  water  to  alcohol,  the  ratio  of 
about  1  to  20  being  the  concentration  at  zero  e.m.f.  If  a  cell 
which  has  no  e.m.f.  at  some  particular  temperature  Ti  is 
heated  to  a  temperature  T2,  a  current  will  flow  so  as  to  transfer 
potassium  iodide  from  alcohol  to  water,  and  the  cell  will  be  endo- 
thermic. On  cooling  again  to  Ti,  the  current  is  reversed,  the  cell 
becomes  exothermic,  and  potassium  iodide  is  transferred  back  from 
water  to  alcohol.  Thus  the  cell  forms  a  very  interesting  reversible 
heat  engine. 

The  conditions  which  make  the  cells  endothermic  or  exothermic 
are  easily  stated. 

Define  unit  current  as  that  required  to  transfer  a  molecule  of 
potassium  iodide  from  one  solution  to  the  other.  If  then  \'  is  the 
latent  heat  of  solution  of  1  gramme  molecule  of  potassium  iodide 
in  water  (calling  heat  absorbed  positive),  and  X  the  latent  heat  of 
solution  of  an  equal  quantity  in  alcohol,  then  when  the  salt  is 
transferred  from  alcohol  to  water — 


E   =   X'   —   X   -l-   T  tifjdT. 


(1) 


As  heat  is  absorbed  when  potassium  iodide  is  dissolved,  then  if 
N'  is  greater  than  X,  heat  is  absorbed  in  the  cell  during  the  change, 
and  the  cell  is  endothermic.  If,  however,  the  concentrations  are 
so  arranged  as  to  transfer  the  salt  from  water  to  alcohol,  then  the 
equation  becomes — 

E  =  X  -  V  -f-  T  delriT (2) 

and  the  cell  is  exothermic. 

For  equation  (1)  T  tfrldT  has  a  positive  value,  the  'E.u^r.  rising  with 
increase  of  temperature,  and  for  equation  (2)  T  /f>/(fr  is' negative. 


The  Telephone  Arbitration.— .Icdgment. 

The  Railway  and  Canal  Commission,  composed  of  Mr.  .Justice 
Lawrence,  Mr.  A.  E.  Gaythorne  Hardy,  and  Sir  .James  Woodhouse, 
delivered  its  judgment  on  Monday  in  respect  of  the  application  by 
the  National  Telephone  Co.,  asking  the  Court  to  determine  what 
amount  should  be  paid  by  the  Postmaster-lieneral  for  the  whole  of 
the  company's  plant  and  undertaking  which  has  been  acquired  by 
the  State. 

The  arbitration  proceedings,  which  have  been  reported  week  by 
week  in  our  columns,  lasted,  in  all,  over  70  days,  the  hearing  of  the 
case  having  commenced  in  .Tune  last,  the  last  sitting  concluding 
shortly  before  the  Christmas  adjournment. 

Mb.  Justice  A.  T.  Lawrence,  in  delivering  the  award  of  the 
Court,  said  be  had  to  determine  the  value  of  the  property  of  the 
National  Telephone  Co.  upon  its  transfer  to  the  Postmaster-General 
at  the  expiration  of  the  company's  licence  on  December  3l8t,  1911.  •'' 
The  company  was  the  pioneer  in  the  introduction  of  the  telephone 
into  this  country,  and  had  a  system  which,  at  the  time  of  the 
transfer,  was  serving  .561,356  stations.  The  total  amount  claimed 
was  £20,924,700.  At  the  outset  the  parties  agreed  to  deal  first 
with  the  plant  of  the  undertaking.  The  governing  clause  of  the 
purchase  agreement  was  in  these  words  : — "The  value  on  the  31st 
day  of  December,  1911,  of  all  plant,  land,  buildings,  stores  and 
furniture  purchased  by  the  Postmaster-General  in  pursuance  of  the 
provisions  hereof,  shall  be  the  then  value  (exclusive  of  any  allow- 
ance for  past  or  future  profits  of  the  undertaking,  or  any  compensa- 
tion for  compulsory  sale  or  other  consideration  whatever)  of  such 
plant,  land,  buildings,  stores  and  furniture,  having  regard  to  its 
suitability  for  the  purpose  of  the  Postraaster-Generars  telephonic 
service,  and  in  determining  the  value  of  any  plant,  no  advantage 
arising  from  the  construction  of  such  plant  by  leave  of  the  Post- 
master-General upon  any  railway  or  canal  over  which  the 
Postmaster-General  possesses  exclusive  rights  of  way  for  tele- 
graphic lines  shall  be  taken  into  account."  The  method  adopted 
of  presenting  the  matter  to  the  Court  was  to  divide  the  plant  into 
classes  such  as  "  underground "  and  "  overhead,"  to  divide  each 
class  into  sub-divisions,  and  to  value  a  unit  of  each  sub- 
division, viz.,  a  mile  of  conduit,  a  mOe  of  bare  wire,  or  a 
pole.  The  value  of  the  unit,  when  ascertained,  could  be 
multiplied  by  the  number  of  such  units  in  the  inventory. 
The  valuation  of  the  unit  proceeded  as  follows  : — It  assessed  first 
the  price  of  the  material,  then  the  cost  of  the  labour  of  placing  it 
in  position,  up  to,  and  including  the  "gang  foremen";  this  was 
called  the  plant  cost,  and  to  this  was  added,  by  means  of  percentages, 
the  cost  of  every  additional  item  of  expense  to  which  it  was  alleged 
a  constructor  of  the  system  would  be  put  to  in  the  matter.  The 
company  based  its  case  on  its  own  experience.  For  materials  they 
took  the  average  price  paid  for  a  period  of  12  years,  and  for  labour 
the  average  cost  for  six  years.  After  some  time  it  became  apparent 
that  the  chief  conflict  between  the  parties  would  turn  on  the 
percentages  to  be  added  to  the  plant  cost,  and  the  parties  came  to 
an  agreement,  the  result  of  which  was  to  relieve  the  Court  from 
the  necessity  of  determining  the  plant  cost  of  this  property  in  xifv. 
The  agreed  sum,  together  with  an  agreed  item  for  casualty 
insurance,  became  the  "fundamental  cost.'  It  amounted  to 
£10,313,765.  It  left  over  for  the  consideration  of  the  Court  the 
highly  controversial  questions  of  percentages,  which  should  be 
properly  added  to  this  sum,  and  the  depreciation  to  which  the 
whole  cost  of  construction  when  ascertained  should  be  subjected. 
It  was  agreed  that  in  cases  of  this  character,  the  true  method  of 
ascertaining  value  was  to  consider  what  it  would  cost  to 
construct  and  establish  plant  in  position,  if  it  did  not 
exist,  and  then  to  depreciate  such  cost,  according  to 
the  age  of  its  respective  parts.  This  was  asseasio); 
value  on  what  was  called  tramway  terms.  It  could,  he  thought, 
be  demonstrated  that  this  was  the  only  possible  way  of  arriving  at 
the  fair  value  in  cases  where  the  present  owner  had  no  further 
right  to  work  it.  It  was  unnecessary  for  him  to  further  illustrate 
this,  because  the  House  of  Lords  had  clearly  laid  down  the  method 
to  be  adopted  in  such  cases.  The  Trainway  Act  contained  the 
words  "having  regard  to  its  suitability  for  the  purposes  of  the 


Vol.72.  No.  1,884, JANUAUY  17,  1918.]    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


91 


roBtniaHt<)r-((onnrii,rH  toldphonic  iiorvico."       Kiioh  Hido   roliiid  upon 
thomi  wordH  in   Hiipport  of  certain  of  itH  iir>;uniontH  ;  hut  neither 
contondtHl  thiit  it  liail  tho  effect  of  uhan^in^-  tho  method  of  valu- 
ation to  which   ho    hiwl  reforrcd.     In  applyint;  thiH  method,  it  wan 
clear  that  every  oipenHO  whloh  it  wiih  neccBBary  to  incur  in  onler  to 
establinh   the  plant  in  ponition   formed   an  item  in  the  calculation 
which  waH  to  renult  in  finding  itH  vnhie.     Itoth  parties  njrrced  that 
Home  percentage  addition   niuKt  be  made  to  the  agreed   Inndamontal 
coHt,  and   thoy  further  agreed  that  nothiner   had   been  included  in 
that   Hum   for  ordcrinti'  and    Htorinu   material  other    than    certain 
tomj)orary   xtoraife,   obtainintj   wayleaven,  local   eni^ineerinj;  super- 
vision, head  olHco  administration,  contractors' profits  an  distinpuinhed 
from    manufacturers'    profits,   rent   of    premises,    for   erection    of 
exchancre  equipment,  wayleavo  payments,  maintenance  and  endur- 
ance of  plant,  continKencies,  interest  during  construction  and  cost 
of  raisini;  capital.     A  further  head  of  claim     viz.,  "obtaininjf  oub- 
scribers'  atrreemonts  "     was  not   mentioned  in  the  document.     But 
the   Postmaster-General   did  not  by  the  agreement  admit  as  a  fact 
that  anylhinir  was  duo  in  respect  of   any  of  the  above  heads  ;  he 
merely  admitted  that  nothinfrhad  been  included  in  the  fundamental 
in  respect  of  either  of  those  matters.     Here  tho  ajfreement  of  the 
parties  terminated,  and  a  wide  diverpence  of  view  was  presented. 
It  was  unfortunate  that  this  agrreement  was  not  oorae  to  until  after 
the  .35th  day  of  the  hearintj,  for  the  evidence  durinp  that  period 
had  been  lartjely  concentrated  on  cost  of  materials,  cost  of  freiphts, 
tools  and  labour.     Evidence  on  thefe  topics  now  been  me,  to  a  large 
extent,    immaterial,  and  the  crucial  points   had  to  be  picked  out 
from  the  mass  of  evidence.     However,  the  Court  must  be  thankful 
that  the  case  had,  to  some  extent,  been  shortened  by  the  agreement. 
The  percentage  additions  appeared  to  him  to  be  entirely  questions 
of  fact  and  not  of  law.     In  each  case  the  questions  had  to  be  asked, 
"  Is  this   alleged    item   of   expense   a   necessary  step  in  the  con- 
struction and  establishment  of  this  piece  of  plant .' "      "If  so,  what 
is  the  true  amount  to  be  added  in  respect  thereof  ;'  "     These  were 
pure   questions  of    fact,  and  they  had   in   no  case  added  anything 
without     having    first     asked    themselves     and     answered    these 
questions.     The  second  question  was,  from  the  nature   of  the  case, 
largely  one  of  bu.^iness  experience.    The  computation  had,  in  each 
case,  to  be  made  with  due  regard  to  the  allowance  made  for  other 
items  in  the  calculation,  that  probably  no  two  minds  would  indepen- 
dently arrive  by  identical  routes  at  exactly  the  same   figure.    The 
company's  case  upon  the  percentages  was  shaped  in  this  way  :  They 
professed  to  take  their  own  actual  experience  of  what  it  had  cost 
them  to  perform  the  services,  and  asked  the  Court  to  infer  that,  as 
•they  had  been  well  and  economically  managed,  that  it  would  cost 
the   Postmaster-General   or  anyone  else  at  least   as   much.     The 
Postmaster-General,  on   the  other  hand,  asked  the  Court  to  accept 
the  view  that  a  contractor  would  do  the  work  for  a  percentage  of 
2D  per  cent,  on  the  cost  of  labour  alone,  plus  a  profit  of  10  per  cent., 
to  which  he  added  .'>  ^er  cent,  for  the  services  of  the  engineer.     The 
company  purported  to  get  at   what   it  had  cost  them  by  taking  a 
period  of  time  alleged  to  be  typical  and  by  investigating  this  period 
and    distributing   their  total    expenses    for   the  particular  service 
during  this  period  between  maintenance  and  construction  in  propor- 
tion to  the  time  devoted  to  each  by  their  employes.    This  gave  the 
ratio  which  the  cost  of  the  service  bore  to  the  construction  work 
executed  during  the    period   in  the  form   of  a    percentage,   and 
this     percentage     they     sought     to     add      to     each     class    of 
plant.       The    Solicitor-General     contested    each    point    in    the 
process,  and  some  of  his  criticisms  were  certainly  very  cogent.     It 
was  plain  that  the  percentage  of    cost  of  any  service  obtained  in 
this  way  was  open  to  many  errors,  no  matter  how  well  intentioned 
the  conduct  of  the  investigation  might  have  been.     The  investiga- 
tion  was  made  under  the  direction  and   superintendence  of   Mr. 
Gill,  the  engineer-in-chief  of  the  company.    His  evidence  was  as 
remarkable  for  the  skill  and  ability  he  had  brought  to  bear  on  the 
inquiry  as  for  his  fairness  and  candour  in  the  witness  box.     Not- 
withstanding this,  his  results  were   not  completely  satisfactory. 
This  was  chiefly  due  to  the  fact  that  the  typical  period  was  one 
during  which  construction  was  less  than  it  had  been  in  previous 
years,  for    the    company   was   then    beginning  to   approach   the 
termination  of    its  licence,  whereas  the  staff  was  not  materially 
diminished.     This  tended    to    increase    the  ratio   which   general 
charges  bore  to   construction.    Again  the  allotment  of  time  to 
maintenance  and  construction  respectively  was  made  by  Mr.  Gill's 
subordinates  from  their  memories  and  what  had  happened  in  pre- 
ceding months — a  method  manifestly  open  to  error.    This  method 
involved    a  comparison  of  construction  by  the  company  with  the 
construction   by  a  hypothetical   constructor,   and  that    was    com- 
paring piecemeal  construction  with  continuous  construction.     This 
was  a  favourite  subject  of  attack  by  the  Solicitor-General,  but  he 
placed  too  much  weignt  on  it.     In  the  two  matters   of   preparing 
the  estimates  and   '"  ordering ''    it    did   undoubtedly  increase   the 
expense,  and    in  other   respects  it    afforded    an    opportunity    for 
possible  error    in    the    apportionment    of    time    between    con- 
struction   and      maintenance.       This    objection    to      the    com- 
pany's     experience      was     incapable     of      exact     measurement, 
and  in  that  respect  it  resembled  a  claim  put  forward  by  the  com- 
pany to  an   additional    allowance    called    separate    establishment 
charge.     He  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  any  increased  cost  by 
reason  of.  piecemeal   construction,  might  well  be  set  against  the 
claim  for  separate  establishment  allowances.      In  regard  to  the  cost 
of  "  storage,"  his  Lordship  thought  that  the  gentlemen  who  had 
{jrepared  the  returns  ha3,  through  not  fathoming  the  true  meaning 
of  the    instructions,    unduly*"  increased    the  expense    of    storage. 
Mr.  Gill   had  again  introduced  his  percentage  additions  into  the 
calculations  at  different  stages,  and  this  the  Postmaster-General 
had  named  a    "  snowball    fallacy."       It  was  clear  that  in   this 
way  any  error  that  might'^ave  crept  into  an  earlier  percentage 
would   have  been   magnified  by  subsequent  percentages  bas^d  on 


such  error.      He  would   liavo  felt  greater  c<>MHdi;iici;   in   the  calcrila 
tions  of  both  purtieH  if  tho  cOHt  of  all  cerviccn  hod   b<»cn  taken  at 
tho  ratio  which    their  coHt  lx>rn   to  labour  and   matcrlalH  or  plant 
cost.     He  felt  that  Mr.  (fill's  )>crccnta|;<!H  muHt    Ihi   reduced.      Ifi/i 
Miclhod  when  they  were  properly  rcdu(^:d  wa«  ratiHtofitory,  m  that 
it  was  based   on  actual   experience,    but    the    PoHtm»«t«'r  Gf-neral'ii 
cviilcncc  WBH  not   ho  HatiKtoctory.      It   wan   true  that   hiH  leadint.' 
witncHH,  .Mr.  .Snell,  did  not  conipttre  unfavourably  with  .Mr.  ';jll.  but 
he  had  been  cramped  by  hiH  itiHtructions,  ond  inHt.««d  of  Ijeing  nup 
plied  with  a  firm  foothold  of  experience,  of  which  the  Pont  <>ii\rj\ 
authoritien  hiul  ample,  he  was  Hujiplied   with  contra<;torK'  wj-calb^ 
"tenders.'     The  method  of  approaching  this  quention   by  of'king 
what  would  a  <-ontra(tor  do  the   work  for,    was  perfectly  HOund  If 
they  had  contractors  of  cxjx-rience   in   executing  similar  contraotn. 
To  provide  the  telephone  plant   of  thiH  company  wotiM  l>e  a  per- 
fectly unique  experience,  and  no  contractor  called  before  the  Court 
had  had    any    experience    extending    beyond    mere    fragments    of 
similar    work.       Most  of    them  objected  to  producing  the  figareH 
resulting  from  the  carrying  out  of  any  contract  executed  by  them, 
basing  their  objections  on  tho  wiph   not  to  di»cloH«  their  buHtnesp. 
The  percentage  which  the  contractors  to  the  Post  Office  xpoke  to 
was  one  of  about  20  per  cent,  on   labour  alone,  which  it  was  said 
would  cover  any  charge,  and  leave  to  be  added  only  10  percent,  for 
contractors'    profits  and  .'>  per  cent,   for  encineering,  or,  as  it  wa« 
subsequently   called,    "employers'    burden.'       This    20    per   cent, 
appeared  to  him  to  have  been  deduced  from  an  investigation  in  the 
North  Wales  district  during   II    months  of    I '."07-8,  but  he  did  not 
think  an  investigation  of  that  character,  and  in  that  district,  was 
at  all  a  safe  guide  to  apply  to  the  company's  whole  system,  much 
of  which  was  in  London  and  other  populous  places.   He  was  unable 
to  adopt  the  percentages  put  forward  by  the  Post   Oflice,  and  he 
was  driven  in  these  circumstances  to  frame  other  percentages.     He 
had  tried  in  doing  so  to  give  due  weight  to,  and  be  guided  by,  the 
evidence  given.    The  amount  of  the  percentages  was  essentially  a 
question  of  fact  in  which  one  had  to  be  guided  by  experience  and 
a  sense  of    business  touch.      Before  he  stated  the  amount  he  had 
determined  to  be   due,  he  wished    to    deal    with     the    heads  of 
claim  in  respect  to  which  the  Postmaster-General  said  no  percent- 
age allowances  should  be  made.     The  cost  of  obtaining  subscribers' 
agreements    was    an    item    which     had    been    disputed    by    the 
Postmaster-General    as     to    amount,     and    as    to    its    being    an 
admissible   element    of    cost.       He    confessed    he    was    surprieed 
at      this,       not      only      because       it       seemed       to       him      to 
be    within    the    principle     of     the    case    allowing    the  expenfea 
of    obtaining    Parliamentary    powers    for    a    tr:iraway,    but    also 
because  it  was   plain  that  the    Post  master- General   had  elected  to 
treat  the  transfer  of  the  company's  system  as  having  the  effect  of 
an  assignment,  by  operation  of  law  of  these  very  agreement?.     So 
he  had  taken  up  these  inconsistent  positions  ;  as  between  himfelf 
and  the  company's  subscribers  he  took  all  the  benefits  conferred  by 
the  agreements  on  the  company  ;  but  as  between  himself  and  the 
company,  he  said  :  "  I  claim  to    be   entitled  to   refu.se  to  pay  jou 
anything  in  respect  of  the  expense  to  which  you  have  been  put  in 
obtaining  and  entering  into  these  agreements."     That  did  not  seem 
to  be  right,  and   it  would   follow    that  an   instrument  in  a  house 
vacant  at  midnight  on  December  31st,  1911,  was  as  valuable  and  as 
suitable  to  the  service  of  the  Postmaster-General,  as  one  in  a  houFc 
the  agreement  for  which  continued  and  poured  its  tariff  or  rent  into 
his  coffers  without  interruption.     He  could   not  see  how  the  bare 
cost  of   getting  the  agreements  could  be  excluded.    The  instru- 
ments and  tiheir  connections  would   constitute  trespasses,  but  for 
the  fact  that  they  were  erected  pursuant  to  these  agreements.     The 
consent  of  the  subscriber  embodied  in  the  agreement  was  as  neces- 
sary in  order  to  make  the  erection  of  the  instrument  a  lawful  act, 
as  the  Parliamentary  powers  were  in  order  to  legalise  the  breaking 
up  of  the  surface  of  the  highway  for  the  purpose  of  a  tramway. 
He  was  not  now  dealing  with  the  ((uantum  of  cost.     The  evidence 
on    that    was    scanty,    but  he    thought  it   was  to    be    inferred 
that    other    expenses    had    been    included    in    the   claim    beyond 
those  that  could  be  properly  attributed  to    the  obtaining  of  the 
agreements  in  force  for  the  instruments  i«  •■-•(7)/ at  the  date  of  the 
transfer.     Sir  A.  Cripps  had  felt  this,  and  suggested  that  one  half 
of  the  amount  claimed  should  be  allowed.     They  must  reduce  this 
claim,   and  the  amount  they  allowed,  after  depreciation,  stood  in 
round    figures   at    £150,000.      Next    it   was   said  that  the  cost  of 
raising  capital  necessary  to  construct   the    plant  was  not  an  item 
to  be  taken  into  account  in  finding  the  cost  of  its  construction. 
This  meant  the  cost  to  which  anyone  must  be  put  who  attempted 
to  construct  this  plant.     The  method  prescribed  by  the   House  of 
Lords  for  ascertaining  value  was  to  consider  what  it  would  cost  to 
construct    the   plant — that   was,    what   it   would,    as  a  fact,  cost. 
Would   it,   in  fact,  cost  anything  to  provide  the  necessary  capital .' 
The  company  had  given  evidence,  by  way  of  example,  that  it  ccst 
them   t'41  per  cent,  to  raise   5i  millions  of  pounds.    No  one  had 
given   evidence   that  it   would   not   cost   anything,    nor  had  that 
proposition  been  put  forward  even   in  argument.     He  knew  of  no 
commodity    and    no  service  that  could  be  procured  as  a  right  for 
nothing,  and  he  was  clear  that  as  a  fact  money  could  not  be  pro- 
cured   for   nothing.     They    had    nothing   to  do  with  the  cost    of 
raising  any   capital    other    than    the    amount    which    would  be 
necessary  in  order  to  construct.     But  it  was  said  that  it  could  not 
be  an  element   adding    to   the   value  of  the  plant.      The  thing 
transferred-  here  was  the  plant    in    xitu,  and  the  cost  of  con- 
struction, less  depreciation,  was  the  method   by  which  the  value 
had     to    be     ascertained.       It,    therefore,    followed    that     every 
espente    necessary    to    construct    was    an    element    to    be    con- 
sidered,     and      it     had      to     be     considered     because     it      was 
necessary  in  the  process  of  construction.     The  thing  to  be  trans- 
ferred, say,  a  pole,   must  be  procured,  transported,  and  erected 
each  of  these  stepfl   was  necessary   to  tie  existence  of  the  po 


92 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.     Choirs,  ko. i,884, jahtabt it, ijis. 


in  gitu  ;  each  of  th»e  Bteps  cost  monej,  and  the  raising  of  this 
money  was  in  itself  an  expense,  and  was  one  as  necessary  to  the 
existence  of  the  pole  as  any  of  the  other  rteps.  This  wm  dear 
even  in  the  cai'e  of  a  pole,  but  when  the  money  required  amounted 
to  millions,  it  became  clearer,  for  no  one  had  millions  of  pounds  in 
his  pockets,  or  even  on  current  accounts  with  his  bankers.  The 
result  of  this  was  that  the  cost  stood  out,  and  was  seen  clearly. 
The  price  of  all  things  in  which  there  was  competition  was 
governed  by  the  market  price.  It  was  not  true  to  say  that  this 
involved  a  proposition  that  the  value  of  the  plant  varied  with  the 
credit  of  the  constructor.  The  cost  to  be  considered  was  the  cost  to 
the  hypothetical  constructor,  who  was  n  person  of  srood  credit ; 
or,  in  other  words,  what  it  must  cost  any  constructor,  even  the 
Postmaster-General,  who  had  the  credit  of  the  State  on  which  to 
raise  the  necessary  cnpital.  Nor  did  it  involve  the  conclusion  that 
the  cost  of  raising  cnpital  should  be  added  to  the  price. 
That  it  must  be  included  was  apparent  if  it  were  tested 
in  a  case  in  which  the  sale  took  place  immediately 
upon  the  completion  of  the  construction.  Assuming  the 
plant  to  cost  £10,000,000  to  construct,  out  of  which 
£300,000  had  been  properly  spent  in  raising  the  capital  required  to 
pay  for  its  construction,  if  the  contractor  were  to  receive  the  cott, 
less  the  £300,000,  he  would  receive  £9,700,000  and  would  lofe 
£300,000  on  the  transaction.  Whoever  raised  the  money  necessary 
to  pay  for  materials,  labour,  plant,  &c.,  was  put  to  the  expense  of 
raising  that  money,  and,  if  necessary,  the  cost  must  appear  in  the 
value,  otherwise  no  sane  person  would  ever  knowingly  contract. 
He  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  a  reasonable  amount  must 
be  allowed  under  this  head  of  the  claim.  He  had  cut 
the  item  down  to  a  low  figure,  and  the  amount  stood 
after  depreciation  at  £247,189.  Coming  to  the  question  of 
depreciation,  it  was  admitted  that  the  figure  for  construction  cost 
had  to  be  depreciated  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  plant  was  not 
new  at  the  moment  of  transfer.  Two  methods  of  depreciation  had 
been  put  before  the  Court  the  sinking  fund  method  put  forward 
by  the  company,  and  the  straight-line  method  put  forward  by  the 
Postmaster-General.  He  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
Postmaster-General's  method  of  depreciation  was  the  method  which 
should  be  applied  in  this  case.  By  this  method  the  value  was 
reduced  in  the  ratio  which  age  bore  to  the  life  of  the  plant.  The 
next  point  in  dispute  was  as  to  the  mode  of  computing  the  life  of 
the  plant.  The  company  adopted  the  physical  life,  but  the  Post- 
master-General had  adopted  a  life  which  in  the  course 
of  the  case  had  received  a  great  variety  of  names,  but 
which  had  a  shorter  life  than  the  physical  life.  What  was 
the  service  of  the  Postmaster-General  when  he  took  this  plant  ' 
It  was  the  affording  of  m^eans  of  telephonic  communication 
between  the  then  subscribers  to  the  combined  fysttm.  It  was  quite 
possible  that  some  of  the  then  existing  plant  might  have  varying 
degrees  of  suitability  to  that  service,  and  the  evidence  which 
showed  that  must  receive  due  consideration.  The  Court  found  them- 
selves in  this  position.  The  general  evidence  by  the  company  of 
the  good  condition  of  the  plant  was  met  by  instances  of  defects  in 
particular  classes  of  plant.  They  were  satisfied  that  deftcts 
existed,  but  they  had  no  evidence  gauging  the  effect  which 
ought  to  be  given  to  those  defects.  The  Post  Office 
witnesses  hsd  not  difcriminated  between  the  effect  of  their 
several  cau^es  lor  hhortenmg  physical  life  ;  they  hr.d  lumped 
them  together.  They  gave  no  evidence  from  which  it 
could  be  reaeonably  inferred  that  their  estimate  of  growth  of 
business  was  correct.  They  took  the  growth  of  the. company  in 
the  past  as  their  measure.  No  ground  was  given  for  this.  There 
must  be  a  limit  to  the  capacity  of  every  community  to  provide  sub- 
scribers. He  was  not  satisfied  that  there  would  be  any  large  ex- 
pansion of  the  combined  systems  unless  the  rates  were  lowered  or 
the  service  improved.  In  that  event  the  increase  might  become 
enormous.  He  did  not  consider  that  a  ground  for  depreciating  the 
value  of  the  existing  plant.  He  had  been  driven  to  reduce  some- 
what the  physical  life  he  would  otherwise  have  given  to  several 
cla'ses  of  plant.  He  had  made  certain  allowances  and  depreciated 
the  value  according  to  the  straight-line  method,  by  reference  to 
the  physical  life  so  reduced.  The  result  he  arrived  at  was  that  the 
construction  value  of  the  plant  under  headings  one  to  four  inclu- 
sive in  the  particulars  of  claim  was  £13,457,016. 

Mb.  Gathorne  H.xnny  concurred. 

Sib  J.  WfjODHOT-sK  said  that  on  the  cost  of  issuing  capital  for 
plant  construction  he  differed  from  his  colleagues.  The  company 
included  in  their  claim  the  sum  of  £7.')7,657  under  that  head,  and 
his  learned  colleagues  had  awarded  the  company  £247,189.  He 
did  not  see  his  way  to  regard  that  item  as  one  which  they  could 
rightly  include  in  the  value  to  be  ascertained.  If  he  were  wrong 
he  had  no  objection  to  the  amount  of  £247,18!<,  which  his  colleagues 
had  allowed.  The  final  judgment  of  the  Court  was  that  the  sum 
of  £12,".1.5,2C4  should  be  paid  by  the  Postmaster-General  to  the 
company. 

The  Attorket-Genebal  said  it  was  necessary  that  the  decision 
of  the  Court  should  be  entered  in  a  particular  form.  According  to 
the  purchase  agreement,  the  money  would  be  payable  as  to  not 
more  than  one-fourth  in  cash.  There  were  other  stipulations,  which 
he  would  not  trouble  the  Court  with.  He  suggested  the  decision  of 
the  Court  should  be  in  the  form  of  a  declaration  that  the  amount  to 
be  paid  should  be  the  sum  suggested  by  the  Court. 

His  LoKDsnir  said  he  had  not  mentioned  anything  about  thepay- 
ment  of  the  money.  He  meant  an  order  should  be  drawn  up  for  the 
amount  of  the  award  which  would  be  included  in  the  order  in 
accordance  with  the  asual  practice  of  the  Court.  He  did  not 
mean  that  money  should  he.  paid  as  distinguished  from  some 
other  agreed  security. 

9lB  A.  Cbifps  88'd  that  under  the  Telegraph  Arbitration 
Act,  iTOtt;  the  cost  trf  tbc  prT-jwUngs  before  tb«"Cormni)8BlDn  shDUlfl 


be  at  the  discretion  of  the  Commitsion.  Therefore,  the  company 
were  clearly  entitled  to  the  cost*  of  the  inquiry. 

The  Attobncy-Gekebal  eaid  hie  anbmiselon  wm  that  the  proper 
order  would  be  that  neither  party  should  have  costs.  The  total 
claim  by  the  compsmy  was  £20,900,000.  and  the  decision  of  the 
Court  was  that  they  were  only  entitled  to  £12,515,2i;4. 

His  LoRDSHir  said  that  in  the  opinion  of  the  Court,  the  company 
were  entitled  to  the  amount  awarded,  and  that  the  costs  would 
follow  the  event. 

The  Attorney-General,  on  behalf  of  the  Crown,  expressed 
indebtedness  to  the  Court  for  the  promptness  with  which  the 
decision  had  been  given.  He  knew  what  stupendous  labours  must 
have  been  involved,  and  he  was  afraid  the  vacation  had  been  devoted 
to  work  instead  of  to  recreation. 

SirA.Cripps  said  he  echoed  the  sentiments  of  the  Attorney- 
General.  All  parties  were  most  grateful  for  the  attention  which 
had  been  given  to  the  case  by  the  Court  and  for  the  promptitude 
with  which  the  decision  had  been  given. 


AN   INTERESTING    COLONIAL    TELEPHONE 
PROBLEM. 


J^'oR  some  years  there  bas  been  an  interesting  dispute  in 
progress  between  the  municipal  Corporation  of  Port  Louis 
in  the  island  of  Mauritius  and  the  Oriental  Telephone  and 
Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  which  owns  the  telephone  system  in  the 
citj. 

As  far  back  as  188;i  the  Telephone  Co.  asked  and  obtained 
permission  from  the  Municipality  to  erect  poles  and  carry 
■wires  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  telephone  exchange. 
The  exchange  was  established,  and  for  22  years,  that  is, 
until  1 905,  carried  on  without  any  interference.  At  that 
date  the  Corporation  decided  to  erect  an  electric  lighting 
system  using  overhead  wires,  and  on  November  27th,  1005, 
this  information  was  given  to  the  company  in  a  letter  from 
the  ]\Iayor,  who  advised  them  to  take  whatever  steps  were 
necessary  to  guard  against  accident  or  troubles  arising  from 
induction.  At  the  same  time  the  company  were  asked  to  keep 
their  wires  as  far  as  possible  in  the  side  and  more  private  streets, 
as  requested  in  the  original  permission  granted  by  the 
Corporation.     The  company  took  no  notice  of  this  letter. 

In  March,  11)07,  a  notice  as  required  by  the  Electric 
Lighting  Ordinance  of  1!)02  was  published  in  the  Govern- 
ment Gazette,  intimating  that  it  was  the  intention  of  the 
Municipality  to  undertake  the  electric  lighting  of  the  towr, 
and  stating  that  the  system  of  distribution  would  be  by 
overhead  wires  generally  and  by  underground  where  neas- 
sary  for  safety  against  contact  with  aerial  wires  of  otb<  r 
systems. 

Shortly  after  this  the  Corporation  commenced  to  erect 
the  lighting  wires,  and  moved  the  Supreme  Court  for  an 
injunction  ordering  the  Telephone  Co.  to  at  once  remove 
all  the  dead  wires  which  crossed  the  streets  and  rested  on 
municipal  buildings,  to  lower  their  wires  where  they  crossed 
the  lighting  distributors  and  to  take  all  necessary  precautions 
to  prevent  trouble  from  induction. 

The  Telephone  Co.  then  brought  an  action  to  determine 
who  was  to  pay  for  this  work,  claiming  that  the  Corporation 
were  responsible.  The  Corporation  denied  liability,  but 
insisted  that  the  work  should  be  put  in  hand.  Both  parties 
agreed  to  an  interim  decree  by  the  Court  that,  pending  the 
trial  of  the  action,  the  Telephone  Co.  should,  within  six 
weeks,  remove  all  dead  wires,  and,  within  nine  months,  lower 
and  alter  the  position  of  the  wires  interfering  with  the  run 
of  the  lighting  wires,  and  establish  a  double-wire  circuit 
throughout  their  entire  system,  to  prevent  any  induction 
trouble. 

The  Corporation,  during  this  period  of  nine  months, 
undertook  not  to  run  their  generating  plant  between  the 
hours  of  6.30  a.m.  and  5.30  p.m.  The  Telephone  Co.  were 
to  keep  separate  the  cost  of  the  work  they  had  to  carry  out, 
and  this  sum  was  to  form  the  claim  at  the  trial  of  "the  action. 
This  work  was*carried  out  by  the  Telephone  Co.  at  a  cost  of 
£1,U.'51  (l."),l(i2  rs.  oO  cts.),  which  sum  they  claimed  from 
the  Corporation. 

At  the  trial  which  took  place  last  year,  the  Telephone  Co. 
argued  that  the  Corporation  had  no  s])ecial  privileges  in 
regard  to  powers  for  putting  up  or  taking  down  electrical 
wiresi  but  wttfe  in  tire  posttidn  of  brdfnary  nrrfertakCTs, 


Vol.72.   No.  i.8iH,.TANOAHvi7,  luiij.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


'.m 


amenable,  like  other  people,  to  the  proviHions  of  the  Electric 
Lighting  Ordinance  of  1!)()2.  Article  (J  of  tliiH  Ordinance  wuh 
very  clear  uh  it  bonnd  all  undertakerH  to  take  all  reaHonahle 
precautions  in  constructing  electrical  linea,  so  an  not  to 
injurioUHly  affect,  whetlier  by  induction  or  otherwise,  the 
workini^  of  any  wire  or  line  from  time  to  tirne  used  for  the 
purpose,  among  otlu^r  things,  of  telephonic  or  telegraphic 
communication,  or  the  currents  of  such  lines. 

The  Corporation  maintained  that  they  were  not  hound  by 
the  provisions  of  this  clause,  inasmuch  as  the  powers  under 
which  the  Teie))hono  ("o.  o|)erated  weic  obti'ined  from  them 
and  could  be  icvoked  by  tlieii'  instructing  the  Tcilephonc  Oc. 
to  remove  them  altogether,  if  tlie  company  wanted  to  over- 
ride the  Corporation's  powers  they  would  have  to  obtain  a 
licence  from  the  Government,  which  licence  would  not  be; 
granted  to  such  an  anti(]uated,  old  fashioned  and  obsolete 
system  as  the  one  used  by  the  (company,  but  only  to  such  a 
metallic  return  system,  which  was  all  that  was  now  recjuired 
by  the  ordinance. 

The  case  came  before  the  Court  and  was  fully  argued,  a 
number  of  witnesses  appearing  on  each  side. 

The  Judge,  in  giving  judgment  against  the  Corporation, 
stated  that,  in  his  view,  the  Corpoiation  were  undertakers 
under  the  ordinance,  and  as  such  were  bound  by  the 
very  stringent  provisions  of  Article  (J.  This  article 
demanded  that  they  should  take  all  reasonable  precautions  to 
prevent  interference  or  induction  with  existinjj  telephone  or 
telegraph  lines.  The  lighting  wires  might  have  been  placed 
underground,  but  if  carried  overhead  the  provision  of  a 
metallic  return  to  the  telephone  system  was  essential.  He, 
therefore,  held  that  tlie  Corporation  were  responsible,  and 
decided  they  should  pay  the  Telephone  Co.  £1,000 
(Rs.  15,000),  the  remaining  £31  being,  in  his  opinion,  for 
unnecessary  work.  Had  it  not  been  for  the  explicit  wording 
of  Article  6  of  the  ordinance,  he  felt  that  the  fact  the 
Telephone  Co.  would,  under  normal  circumstances,  have  had 
to  modernise  their  plant,  would  have  had  an  important 
bearing  on  the  case. 

As  it  was,  the  Corporation  were  fully  aware  of  the  risk 
they  ran  in  erecting  the  lighting  overhead  wires.  This  was 
proved  by  the  minutes  of  a  Council  meeting  and  the  publica- 
tion of  a  letter  on  the  subject  written  them  in  October,  1905, 
by  their  electrician. 

This  is  a  most  interesting  case,  for  while  at  first  sight  it 
does  not  seem  equitable  that  a  new  electric  light  undertaking 
should  be  saddled  with  the  cost  of  bringing  up  to  date  an 
old-fashioned  existing  telephone  exchange,  yet  a  perusal  of 
the  circumstances  in  this  particular  case  points  to  the  justice 
of  the  decision.  The  ordinance  under  which  the  lighting 
undertaking  was  established  was  explicit  in  its  wording  ;  it 
was  open  to  the  Corporation  to  avoid  trouble  by  using  an 
underground  system  of  mains,  and  the  Telephone  Co.  had 
been  in  existence  for  22  years  without  serious  complaint ;  all 
these  points  told  heavily  against  the  Corporation.  As  a 
result  the  Telephone  Co.  were  able  to  modernise  their  plant 
and  turn  what  might  have  caused  them  a  good  deal  of 
trouble  into  a  means  of  establishing  their  business  on  up-to- 
date  lines.  It  is  not  at  all  surprising  to  find  that  they 
have  now  applied  for,  and  obtained,  a  Government  licence  to 
continue  the  working  of  their  modernised  metallic  return 
telephone  system. 


SMOKE    AND    DUST    PRECIPITATION, 


In  spite  of  the  vast  improvements  in  fire-grate  construction 
and  the  regulation  of  industrial  coal  combustion  in  recent 
years,  factory  chimneys  still  belch  forth  volumes  of  black 
smoke,  and  even  witli  the  widespread  use  of  electric  power 
our  manufacturing  towns  are  but  little  freer  from  soot  than 
they  were  a  decade  ago.  In  addition  to  detracting  from 
the  appearance  and  health  of  our  towns,  this  deposition  of 
soot  on  the  roadways  and  housetops  marks  a  sad  waste  of 
fuel,  and  should  be  of  equal  or  greater  interest  to  the  works 
engineer  as  to  the  health  officer  or  the  local  inspector  of 
nuisances. 

In  this  connection  an  investigation  of  "  The  Electrical 


r'recipitntioii  of  .Suspended  Matter  m  Gft«:H,"  *  by  Prof. 
VV.  \V.  Strong,  of  I'ittsburg  IJnivcrHity,  i.s  of  conniderabje 
interest.  The  pnrjxMw  of  the  invcHtigutioii  «»«  to  study  the 
electrical  properti<:H  of  gaxca  rx)ntuitjing  8(jlid  and  liquid 
matter  in  HnNjHjnsion  (^<'Hi)eciaIly  smoke  from  '»')ft  ooal^,  and 
t/O  ascertain  the  manner  by  means  of  which  an  electro- 
static or  an  electromagnetic  field  will  cauw;  a  Wiparation  of 
the  8usi)eiided  solid  or  li<juid  matter  from  a  gast. 

This  article  reviews  I'rof.  Strong's  experiments,  and 
some  of  the  inore  im[K)rtant  concIimionH  to  ]>*•  drawn  from 
his  ri'seanih. 

The  precipitation  of  susjKjnded  matter  from  ga.ses  by 
ni(!ans  of  electrical  discharges  was  suggested  by  Hohlfeld 
in  1824  and  by  Guitard  in  1H50.  liOdge  and  Clark  were 
the  first  in\estigators  to  go  into  the  problem  extensively, 
fiodge  states  that  the  discharge  from  points  kept  charged  to 
a  high  potential  by  means  of  an  electrostatic  machine  pro- 
duced a  clearance  of  the  suspended  matter  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  points.  This  clearance  seemed  to  Ije 
independent  of  the  nature  of  the  suspended  material  and  of 
the  sign  of  electrification  at  the  point.  AValker  patented 
the  above  "process  for  separating  and  collecting  particles 
of  metals  or  metallic  compounds,  applicable  for  (xjndensing 
fumes  from  smelting  furnaces  and  for  other  purposes." 
According  to  Walker's  arrangement,  one  electrode  of  the 
electrostic  machine  was  earthed,  while  the  other  was  con- 
nected to  an  electrode  covered  with  metallic  points,  against 
which  the  fumes  made  contact.  This  is  the  "  active  "  elec- 
trode. 

Apparatus  of  the  above  type  was  installed  in  the  Dee  Bank 
Lead  Works,  but  on  account  of  the  unreliability  of  the  source 
of  electricity — Wimshurst  electrostatic  machines — the  method 
was  apparently  a  failure.  Thwaite  took  out  a  patent  in 
1899,  in  which  a  barbed  wire  was  used  as  the  active  electrode, 
la  the  description  this  is  mentioned  as  being  positively 
charged. 

It  is  to  F.  6.  Cottrell  and  his  co-workers  that  we  owe 
the  recent  commercial  development  of  electrical  precipitation. 
In  his  1908  patent  he  claimed  the  following  conditions  to  be 
favourable  to  successful  operation  :  First,  the  current  should 
be  unidirectional,  or,  at  least,  the  time  occupied  by  its 
reversal  should  be  large  compared  with  the  time  of  deposition 
of  the  individual  suspended  particles  :  second,  the  particles 
should  be  charged  at  or  near  the  electrode  about  which  the 
brush  discharge  appears  (the  "  active  "  electrode)  ;  fourth, 
the  suspended  particles  in  the  gas  should  be  subjected  to  as 
uniform  treatment  as  possible.  High-voltage  alternating 
current  was  made  unidirectional  by  the  use  of  a  synchronously 
driven  rotating  commutator.  In  order  to  make  the  brush  or 
glow  discharge  as  great  as  possible,  the  active  electrode  was 
wound  with  asbestos  threads,  strips  of  mica,  &c.  The  surface 
of  the  asbestos  is  usually  moist  enough  to  act  as  a  conductor, 
so  that  the  exposed  fibres  give  point  discharges  into  the  gas. 
Such  electrodes  Cottrell  calls  *'  pubescent."  The  patent  in- 
cludes claims  to  the  maintenance  of  the  insulation  of  the 
pubescent  electrodes  by  means  of  currents  of  clean  gas  and  by 
heating.  Howard  took  out  a  patent  on  the  use  of  horizontal 
plate  electrodes  for  precipitating  fumes.  Nothing  is  stated 
concerning  the  electrical  conditions  necessary. 

In  a  patent  taken  out  by  Dion  the  action  of  the  electrical 
current  is  that  of  aggregating  the  fume  particles  and  then 
allowing  them  to  settle.  It  is  stated  that  under  the  same 
conditions  metallic  particles  of  different  kinds  are  precipi- 
tated to  a  different  degree,  and  this  fact  is  stated  as  afford- 
ing a  means  of  separating  the  various  fume  materials. 
Metallic  plate  electrodes  are  described,  the  electrodes  being 
of  a  composition  determined  by  the  kind  of  fumes  to  be 
precipitated. 

Strong's  experimental  apparatus  was  constructed  for  the 
purpose  of  applying  the  various  electrical  precipitation 
methods  to  the  smoke  from  soft  coal,  and  consisted  of  a  small 
furnace  which,  "  on  account  of  its  construction,  proved  to  be  a 
most  efficient  smoke  producer."  An  underground  pipe 
served  to  convey  the  smoke  along  various  paths  which  could 
be  regulated  by  dampers,  and  the  flow  was  assisted  by  a  small 
fan  run  by  an  a c-  motor.  One  smoke  circuit  was  through 
a  series  of  pipes  (which  could  be  either  insulated  or  earthed) 


"  Communicated    to    the    Jommd  of    the  Franklu)    Institute, 
September,  1912. 

E 


94 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.72.  no.  1,834,  januabt  17, 1913. 


in  which  au  active  wire  electrode  was  suspended.  The 
electrification  of  this  electrode  was  effected  in  various  ways, 
the  apparatus  used  iu  these  experiments  including  a 
Wimshnrst  electrostatic  machine,  a  pneumatic  influence 
machine  capable  of  giving  an  11 -in.  spark,  a  Fessenden 
induction  coil,  a  Westinghouse  transformer  rated  at  00,000 
volts  and  other  smaller  transformers.  Another  smoke  circuit 
contained  an  adjustable  spark  gap  and  was  used  for  experi- 
ments on  Hue  gases  at  different  temperatures,  velocities  and 
smoke-content,  the  variations  being  pro<luced  by  altering  the 
rondition  of  the  furnace  combustion,  sjx;ed  of  the  fan  or  the 
-limensions  of  the  pipe. 

Suspended  solid  and  liquid  particles  in  gases  may  be 
actetl  upon  in  various  ways  by  an  electric  field,  so  that  some 
or  all  of  the  particles  are  drawn  from  the  gas  to  the  elec- 
trodes. (1)  If  the  particles  are  conducting,  the  effect  of  the 
electric  field  is  to  polarise  the  particles,  inducing  a  positive 
charge  on  one  side  and  a  negative  charge  on  the  other  side. 
This  action  of  the  field  probably  jilays  an  important  role  iu 
producing  aggregates  of  fine  particles  that  are  close  to  each 
other.  (2)  If  the  suspended  particles  are  non-conductors 
their  dielectric  constant  will  be  greater  than  that  of  the  gas, 
and  in  an  electric  field  that  is  not  uniform  the  particles  will 
move  into  the  more  intense  part  of  the  field.  (;l)  Gaseous 
ions  may  be  present  in  the  gas,  and  some  of  these  will  com- 
bine with  the  suspended  particles.  Such  charged  particles 
are  the  large  ions,  and  these  move  very  slowly  in  the  weaker 
fields.  Large  ions  are  always  gaining  and  losing  charges, 
and  this  process  may  aid  in  aggregating  together  the  smaller 
particles.  (4)  The  above  processes,  by  means  of  which 
suspended  particles  can  be  removed  from  a  gas,  apply  only 
to  cases  where  the  gases  move  very  slowly  between  the  elec- 
trodes. When  there  is  intense  ionisation  and  an  intense 
electric  field,  streams  of  ions  will  be  created  between  the 
electrodes.  Under  these  conditions,  the  streams  of  ions 
carry  the  suspended  particles  in  the  gas  with  them  to  the 
electrodes,  to  which  they  give  up  their  charge.  Streams  of 
ions  are  produced  in  the  various  point,  brush,  and  corona 
discharges. 

The  relative  importance  of  these  effects  in  removing  sus- 
pended particles  is  difficult  to  estimate,  especially  as  some 
distinction  must  be  drawn  between  mere  aggrtyaHon  and 
final  preiipitatioH  on  the  electrodes.  The  effects  numbered 
(1)  and  (3)  probably  function  chiefly  as  aggregators,  while 
the  ionic  streams  produced  in  the  high-tension  discharges 
(probably  by  collision  or  secondary  ionisation  in  stronger 
parts  of  the  field)  undoubtedly  sweep  the  suspended  particles, 
whether  aggregated  or  not,  to  the  electrodes.  But  it  has 
been  found  that  the  precipitation  due  to  the  formation  of  an 
electrical  "  wind,"  or  ionic  stream,  is  accompanied  by  more 
or  less  aggregation  and  a  settling  of  the  larger  particles. 

The  causes  of  aggregation  are  not  well  known,  but  there 
is  no  doubt  that  the  sound  waves  radiating  from  the  dis- 
charge have  some  effect.  The  sound  waves  act  in  a  similar 
manner  to  the  phenomena  in  the  ordinary  Kundt's  tube, 
used  in  measuring  the  wave  length  of  sound  waves. 

Some  writers  claim  that  electromagnetic  waves  produce  an 
aggregating  effect  upon  the  small  water  drops  in  fogs  and 
mists  for  comparatively  long  distances  from  the  source  of  the 
waves.  M.  Dibos  claims  that  he  has  succeeded  in  clearing 
fog  for  distances  of  50  or  GO  yards  by  means  of  high 
potential  discharges  from  points  (140,000  volts)  and  Lodge  is 
said  to  have  made  clearances  by  means  of  electromagnetic 
waves. 

The  action  of  electromagnetic  waves  upon  suspended  par- 
ticles in  gases  may  be  of  the  same  nature  as  the  action  on 
the  Uranly  and  other  coherers  made  of  carbon  or  metallic 
filings.  Sound  waves  cause  the  particles  of  smoke  or  fume 
to  be  set  into  motion.  Moving  particles  tliat  are  near  each 
other  experience  an  attraction  or  a  repulsion,  depending  upon 
their  relative  motion.  An  effect  of  this  kind  is  shown  in 
Kundt's  tube,  where  particles  of  lycopodium,  or  any  kind  of 
dust,  are  caused  to  collect  together  when  stationary  waves 
are  produced  in  the  tuljes.  It  has  been  suggested  by  Dr. 
Speyers  that  a  scheme  miglit  be  devised  to  clean  gases  of 
suspended  particles  by  producing  a  stationary  wave  in  the 
gas  and  providing  outlets  for  the  gas  between  the  regions 
where  the  particles  were  caused  to  collect  by  the  Kundt's 
tube  effect. 

What  role  electromagnetic  and   sound   waves,   and   the 


polarising  action  of  an  electrical  field,  play  in  the  electrical 
precipitation  of  smoke  is  not  known,  but  these  effects  are 
probably  subsidiary. 

Having  considered  the  probable  ways  in  which  particles 
may  be  acted  upon  by  an  electrical  field,  Prof.  Strong  pro- 
ceeded to  test  the  capabilities  of  electrification  of  fine 
particles  of  carbon  and  sprays  from  various  liquids.  To  do 
this  he  connected  the  spray  nozzle  to  one  pole  of  a  45,000- 
volt  machine,  and  earthed  the  other  pole.  The  earthed  pole, 
was  perforated  to  allow  the  spray  to  be  blown  through  it  on 
to  the  electrode  of  an  electroscope.  He  found  that  various 
kinds  of  dust  were  electrified  with  varying  degrees  of  ease, 
calcium-oxide  dust  beuig  most  easily  electrified,  followed  in 
order  by  carbon  dust,  alcohol,  ether,  and  toluol. 

The  actual  effects  of  electrical  fields  in  promoting 
precipitation  of  particles  having  been  demonstrated,  it 
remains  to  investigate  the  best  experimental  conditions,  both 
as  regards  type  of  electrification  and  physical  condition  of  the 
dust-laden  gases.  The  kind  of  discharge  used  may  be  of 
two  types,  a  point  discharge  producing  an  electrical  "  wind," 
or  a  stream  of  ions  produced  by  the  secondary  ionisation  of 
a  corona  discharge  from  a  wire  carrying  a  high-voltage 
current.  The  former  of  these  is  used  in  theCottrell  method, 
one  of  the  essential  features  of  which  is  the  use  of  wire 
electrodes  interwoven  with  asbestos  or  mica. 

Fine  threads  of  asbestos  or  the  tharp  edges  of  the  mica 
cause  the  production  of  secondary  ionisation  at  lower 
voltages  than  could  bo  obtained  from  the  wire  electrodes 
themselves.  For  this  reason  it  is  not  necessary  to  have  such 
accurate  spacing  of  the  electrodes  to  prevent  the  formation 
of  sparks  and  arcs.  There  is  usually  sufficient  moisture  or 
other  conducting  deposits  on  the  asbestos  or  the  mica  to 
make  the  surface  a  fairly  good  conductor  at  high  potentials. 
At  high  temperatures  it  is  difficult  to  keep  the  surfaces 
conducting,  and  this  trouble  was  experienced  in  the  plant 
set  up  by  the  Balaklala  Copper  Co.,  at  Coram,  California. 

In  the  Coram  plant  the  active  electrodes  consisted  of  two 
No.  10  iron  wires  twisted  on  mica  strips  about  a  centi- 
metre wide  and  with  serrated  edges.  A  treating  unit  con- 
sisted of  eight  rows  of  these  electrodes,  24  electrodes  being 
in  a  row.  The  units  were  30  ft.  in  length,  10  ft.  wide  and 
10  ft.  high.  The  grounded  electrodes  were  made  of  No.  10 
sheet-iron,  G  in.  wide  and  10  ft.  high,  and  were  connected 
directly  to  the  frames  of  the  units  themselves.  The  active 
electrodes  were  kept  stretched  by  springs  between  a  system 
of  bus-bars  supported  outside  the  jjrecipitating  chamber  on 
wooden  insulators  :  in  order  to  prevent  a  deposit  from  short- 
circuiting  the  insulators,  a  current  of  air  could  be  passed 
over  the  insulators  into  the  precipitation  chamber,  thus  pre- 
venting any  of  the  fumes  from  coming  in  contact  with  the 
insulators.  The  cleaning  of  the  electrodes  was  done  by 
mechanical  shaking. 

At  the  Coram  plant  three  units  were  kept  charged  by  a 
single  rectifier  using  from  0*3  to  0'4  ampere.  Each  unit 
treated  about  10,000  cb.  ft.  of  fumes  per  minute,  the  fumes 
passing  through  about  30  ft.  of  the  electrical  field  with  a 
velocity  of  about  5  ft.  per  second.  The  suspended  matter 
remains  about  G  seconds  in  the  electrical  field.  About  30  lb. 
of  fumes  were  precipitated  per  hour  per  unit. 

The  corona  discharge  is  not  greatly  affected  by  the  pre- 
sence of  dirt  (an  important  consideration  in  the  practical 
application  of  precipitation),  and  is  independent  of  the  air 
velocity  and  of  humidity. 

An  example  of  the  use  of  the  corona  type  of  discharge 
is  the  application  of  electrical  i)rccipitation  to  the  cement 
dust  from  the  kilns  of  the  Riverside  Portland  Cement  Works 
at  Riverside,  Calif.,  U.S.A.  In  this  plant  the  gases  to  be 
treated  are  at  temperatures  of  about  450°  C.  The  cement 
dust  is  non-conducting,  so  that  no  conducting  surface 
would  be  formed  over  the  mica  or  asbestos.  The  use  of 
the  corona  discharge  requires  higher  voltages  than  those 
used  in  the  point  discharge.  These  voltages  range  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  40,000,  according  to  Cottrcll.  The 
clearance  of  dust  is  in  general  from  95  to  1)8  per  cent.  The 
construction  of  the  treating  units  at  Riverside  is  almost 
identical  to  those  used  at  Coram. 

Some  of  the  most  important  resnlte  of  the  investigations, 
particularly  on  coal  smoke  precipitation,  are  given  in  Prof. 
Strong's  own  words  as  follows  : — 

1.  "  Very  little  difference  was  obtained  in  th«  precipitation 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8ji,jANUAuvi7,  i!»i:i.]    TJIK    KLECTillCAL    UEVIKVV. 


95 


of  dense  coal  smoke  in  cylindrical  pipcH,  helwcen  nn  tilter- 
niitinf?  onrrent  iind  nnidirectiontil  current,  when  u  siinilur 
coronii  form  of  diHi;htir;,'c  wiis  UHcd.  The  i)reei|)itution  seemed 
to  be  compurativel)'  ^router  for  ii  dense  Hnioko  than  for  a 
li<(ht  smoke.  l''rom  tliia  it  would  follow  that  dilution  of  the 
fume,  or  smokf-laden  ".;ases,  should  be  prevented  as  nuieli  i\» 
possibU;. 

2.  "  Clearances  of  ',»()  an<i  '.);">  percent,  have  been  obtained 
by  passini,'  e.\tromely  dense  smoke  thronj^h  a  corona  dis- 
charge less  than  2  ft.  in  ionj^th.  TIk^sc  experiments  indi- 
cate that  the  <,'reate8t  elliciency  of  precipitation  can  be 
obtained  by  keepin;^  the  suspended  matter  from  bein^^ 
diluted  and  by  exposing  it  as  much  as  possil)le  to  the 
streams  of  ions  flowing  from  the  corona  by  pa.ssirig  the 
gases  through  a  uniform  discharge.  Sliadows  can  be  obtained 
from  objects  placed  near  the  collecting  electrodes,  indi- 
cating that  the  matter  being  deposited  moves  in  straight 
lines. 

;.i.  "  8ome  kinds  of  smoke  show  selective  precipitation,  a 
thin  cloud  of  white  or  bluish  particles  coming  out  from  the 
corona  discharge.  Part  of  this  is  water  vapour  which  may 
liave  condensed  after  the  carbon  and  tarry  matter  had  been 
precipitated.  Whether  this  selecti\e  action  is  due  to  a 
difference  in  the  size  of  the  suspended  particles,  or  due  to  a 
difference  in  their  composition,  has  not  yet  been  determined, 
altliough  the  former  ^iew  is  the  more  probable. 

4.  "  E.xperiments  would  indicate  that  temperature  does  not 
play  much  of  a  ro/f  in  electrical  precipitation.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  state  of  ionisation  of  the  gases  probably  does  play 
a  very  important  part. 

5.  "  The  application  of  electrical  precipitation  to  the 
smoke  problem  has  not  as  yet  been  tried  on  a  commercial 
scale.  Laboratory  experiments  indicate  that  the  problem  is 
essentially  the  same  as  that  of  the  precipitation  of  fumes  and 
dust.  While  the  brush  form  of  discharge  from  points  is  only 
a  good  precipitation  agent  when  the  current  of  gps  is  small, 
the  corona  discharge  is  effective  for  much  greater  \elocities 
of  the  gas  containing  the  suspended  particles.  Under  these 
conditions  the  suspended  particles  need  remain  but  a  short 
time  in  the  region  where  the  corona  discharge  is  taking 
place,  so  that  the  size  of  the  precipitation  chamber  can  be 
greatly  reduced.  The  mechanical  difficulties  of  keeping  the 
electrodes  properly  adjusted  and  cleaned,  are  probably  as 
great  as  the  electrical  part  of  the  problem." 


CAN  A  LIGHTING  AUTHORITY iSURRENDER 
ITS    POWERS? 


[from  a  legal  contributor.] 


In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  supply  of  electricity  for  light- 
ing purposes  is  not  always  a  complete  success  from  the 
financial  point  of  view,  those  responsible  for  such  under- 
takings may  sometimes  have  to  consider  whether  the 
burden  of  supplying  current  can  be  transferred  to  other 
shoulders. 

The  law  on  this  subject  has  recently  undergone  a  certain 
amount  of  modification  to  which  it  may  be  convenient  to 
advert.  By  Sec.  11  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act,  1882,  it 
was  provided  that  :  "  Any  local  authority  wlio  have 
obtained  a  licence,  order,  or  special  Act  for  the  supply  of 
electricity,  may  contract  with  any  company  or  person  for  the 
execution  and  maintenance  of  any  works  needed  for  the 
purposes  of  such  supply  or  for  the  supply  of  electricity 
within  any  area  mentioned  in  such  licence,  order,  or  special 
Act,  or  in  any  part  of  such  area  ;  hu/  no  local  authority, 
company,  or  person  shall  by  any  contract  or  assignment 
transfer  to  any  other  company  or  person  or  divest  themselves 
of  any  legal  powers  given  to  them,  or  any  legal  liabilities 
imposed  upon  them  by  this  Act,  or  by  any  licence,  order,  or 
special  Act,  witliout  the  consent  of  the  Board  of  Trade.'' 

The  italics  are  ours.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  first  part  of 
the  section  confers  certain  rights  upon  local  authorities 
They  might,  e.g.,  sub-contract  for  the  execution  and  main- 
tenance of  works,   or   even  for    the   supply,  of  electricity 


within  an  area  ;  thcHc  being  rights  which  apparently  could 
not  1m!  e.xerciHcd  by  a  company  supplyinj^  electricity  purnuunl 
to  the  terms  of  a  provisional  order.  As  t<>  the  m-.lmA  half 
of  the  section,  which  we  liave  printed  in  iU'dicx,  this  is  now 
repealed  and  re|)laced  by  .Sec.  14  (1)  of  the  Electric  LigLtiu^' 
.■\ct,  I'.iO'j,  whicli  provides  as  follows  : — 

A  local  iiulhority,  company,  or  person  wLo  have  obtuiiK^d  a 
licence,  order,  or  Hpecial  Act  for  the  hupply  of  electricity  chall  not, 
by  tran«t'er  or  otherwiHc,  divcHt  themnelveB  of  any  of  the  pijwern. 
right.M,  or  oblitrationH  conferred  or  impoHcd  u\tou  them  by  the 
ICIectric  l.liifhtinij  AcIh,  or  by  any  licence,  order,  or  M|>ecial  Act 
othcrwiHC  than  under  and  in  accordance  with  a  proviBion  contained 
in  a  licence,  order,  or  special  Act  authoriHin|ir  huch  divcfititure. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  effect  of  the  amendment  is  to 
prevent  all  classes  of  undertakers  from  transferring  any  of 
the  legal  powers  conferred  \i\yo\\  them  without  the  authority 
of  a  licence,  order,  or  special  Act.  The  Board  of  Trade  no 
longer  has  power  to  grant  any  leave. 

These  limiting  clauses  do  not,  of  course,  mean  that  under- 
takers may  not  employ  contractors  for  the  purpose  of,  e.g., 
building  a  generating  8tati(m.  Again,  the  laying  of  the 
necessary  mains  in  a  street  is  clearly  a  duty  which  under- 
takers must  hand  over  to  the  care  of  an  independent  con- 
tractor, and  is  quite  lawful.  It  should  i)e  observed,  how- 
ever, that  by  handing  over  the  performance  of  work  to  a 
contractor,  undertakers  cannot  get  rid  of  any  statutory  duty 
which  the  execution  of  that  work  imposes  upon  them.  For 
instance,  the  laying  of  mains  in  a  street  may  involve  risk  to 
passers-by.  That  is  a  risk  necessarily  incident  to  the  laying 
of  mains,  and  to  lay  mains  is  a  duty  cast  upon  the  under- 
takers who  are  to  supply  electricity.  In  one  case  which  is 
a  leading  authority  on  the  subject  (Hardaker  v.  Idle  District 
Council  (189G)  l.Q.B.  335),  it, appeared  that  the  defendant 
local  authority  entered  into  an  agreement  with  a  contractor 
to  lay  a  sewer.  In  carrying  out  the  work  he  failed  to  give 
proper  support  to  a  gas  pipe,  which  became  fractured.  The 
gas  escaped  into  a  house,  and  the  consequent  ex- 
plosion wrecked  the  furniture  and  injured  the  plain- 
tiff's wife.  In  an  action  against  the  District  Council  it 
was  held  that  that  body  was  liable,  although  it  had  appa- 
rently delegated  its  duty.  The  principle  applied  by  the 
Court  of  Appeal  was  that  laid  down  by  Lord  Blackburn  in 
Dalton  V.  Angus  (1881),  G  A.C.  740 — e.g.,  "  Ever  since 
(^uarman  r.  Burnett  (6  M.  &  W.  499)  it  has  been  considered 
settled  law  that  one  employiag  another  is  not  liable  for  his 
collateral  negligence,  unless  the  relation  of  master  and 
servant  existed  between  them.  So  that  a  person  employing 
a  contractor  to  do  work  is  not  liable  for  the  negligence  of 
that  contractor  or  his  servants.  On  the  other  hand,  a  per- 
son causing  something  to  be  done,  the  doing  of  which  casts 
upon  him  a  duty,  cannot  escape  from  the  responsibility 
attaching  on  him  of  seeing  that  duty  performed  by  dele- 
gating it  to  a  contractor.  He  may  bargain  with  the  con- 
tractor that  he  shall  perform  the  duty,  and  stipulate  for  an 
indemnity  from  him  if  it  is  not  performed  ;  but  he  cannot 
thereby  relieve  himself  from  liability  to  those  injured  by 
the  failure  to  perform  it."  Lord  Lindley  then  defined 
the  position  of  the  local  authority  thus  : — "  Their  duty 
in  sewering  the  street  was  not  performed  by  the 
constructing  a  proper  sewer.  Their  duty  was  not  only 
to  do  that,  but  also  to  take  care  not  to  break  any  gas  pipes 
which  they  cut  under  :  this  involved  supporting  them. 
This  duty  was  not  performed."  In  the  words  of  Lord 
.lustice  Kigby,  "I  consider  it  has  always  been,  on  the 
balance  of  authority,  and  is  now  clearly  recognised  as  the 
law,  that  no  one  can  get  rid  of  such  a  duty  by  imposing  it 
upon  an  ii. dependent  contractor."  It  was  accordingly  held 
that  the  defendatits  were  liable  to  the  plaintiff. 


West  Ham  Electricity  Supply.  — A  letter  has  been 

received  from  the  Barkinp  U.D.C.,  inquiringr  whether  the  Corpora- 
tion would  be  prepared  to  ^ive  it  a  supply  of  electricity  in  bulk, 
and,  if  so,  upon  what  terms,  or  alternatively,  whether  it  would  be 
prepared  to  consider  the  question  of  the  transfer  to  West  Ham 
of  the  Barking  Council's  electric  ligrhtingr  order,  and  the  work, 
executed  thereunder,  upon  terms.  Having  regard  to  the  fact  that 
the  East  Ham  Council  has  under  consideration  the  desirabilily  of 
giving  a  bulk  supply  to  Barking,  it  has  been  decided  to  defer  the 
consideration  of  the  matter  until  a  definite  decieion  has  been 
arrived  at  by  that  Council. 


96 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.i.sa*,  januaetit,  i9ih. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Consular   Motes. — Japan. — The    American  Consul   at 

Xag-asaki  reports  that  in  connection  with  the  coal  mines  at  Miike, 
in  the  Napasnki  district,  and  the  erection  of  patent  coke  ovens,  it 
is  proposed  to  oj)erate.  with  a  part  of  the  gas  produced,  a  large 
electric  power  plant,  driven  by  powerful  gas  enfrines 
made  by  the  Xuremberi;  (ias  Enpine  Works,  of  Nuremberg:, 
Bavaria.  These  engines  are  capable  of  developing  over  7,000 
H.I'.,  and  with  the  duplicate  set  to  be  installed,  if  the  first  set 
proves  satisfactory,  this  plant  will  have  almost  15.000  H.P.,  and 
will  be  capable  of  supplying  light  and  power  for  the  mines, 
machine  shops,  shiplcading  conveyors,  and  cranes  of  the  company, 
and  for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  towns  of  Omuta  and  Miike. 

Russian  Far  East.— The  American  Consul  at  Vladivostok 
reports  that  the  erection  of  wireless  stations  in  Okhotsk,  Naihan, 
and  Kovo-Marijnsk  has  been  much  handicapped  by  difficult  con- 
ditions of  navigation  in  these  seas,  especially  in  the  Okhotsk,  where 
several  sections  of  the  heliograph  towers  were  lost  overboard,  and 
their  recovery  will  cause  a  great  deal  of  delay  in  completing  the 
stations.  A  Far-Eastern  rumour  is  to  the  effect  that  the  six  new 
steamers  of  the  Russian  Volunteer  Fleet  for  the  Vladivostok- 
Okhotsk-Kamchatka  line  are  to  be  supplied  with  a  new  system  of 
wireless  telegraphy,  which  will  enable  them  to  communicate  in 
plain  language  without  the  use  of  a  code. 

Arabia.— The  American  Consul  at  Muscat  reports  that  the 
installation  of  a  ."lOO  lamp  electric  lighting  plant  in  the  palace  of 
the  Sultan  of  Oman  has  recently  been  completed  by  N.  S.  Bayanker. 
formerly  with  the  Deccan  Electric  Co..  of  Hyderabad,  India.  This 
is  the  first  instance  of  the  operation  of  any  kind  of  electrical 
machinery  in  the  country.  Mr.  Bayanker  has  also  received 
permission  to  operate  a  commercial  lighting  and  power  plant,  and 
will  proceed  to  erect  the  same  at  once,  his  intention  being  to  use 
two  30-KW'.  dynamos  capable  of  supplying  current  for  f>,000  lamps. 
One  set  of  machines  will  be  run  at  night  and  the  other  in  the  day, 
]irincipally  for  the  purpose  of  driving  fans,  which,  on  account  of 
the  great  heat  and  the  difficulty  of  securing  energetic  punkah- 
pullers,  are  much  needed.  Power  will  be  furnished  by  oil  engines 
and  direct  current  will  be  used.  All  equipment  will  probably  be  of 
German  manufacture,  partly  owing  to  the  desire  of  having  the 
system  in  operation  before  the  close  of  the  hot  weather. 

One  of  the  recent  purchases  made  at  Cairo,  Egypt,  by  the  Sultan 
of  Lahej  is  a  dynamo  for  supplying  light  in  His  Highness's  palace 
at  Lahej,  an  Arabian  town  18  miles  north-west  of  Aden.  A  large 
nnmber  of  electric  lamps,  wires,  and  other  fittings,  have  also  been 
bought.  An  electrical  engineer  has  been  specially  engaged  to  look 
after  the  plant. 

Mancliliria. — The  American  Consul  at  Dalny  reports  that  the 
electric  power  station  of  the  South  Manchuria  Railway  department 
of  electricity  has  now  under  installation  a  fourth  generator  of 
1,500  Kw.,  ordered  from  the  United  States.  At  present  the  power 
station  has  three  generators,  of  three  phase.  25  cycles,  each  of 
1,000  KW.,  in  addition  to  two  exciter  sets  of  In  kw.  each.  Two 
1,000-KW.  generators  are  used  in  the  daytime  for  the  supply  of 
motor  power  to  the  different  plants  and  the  tramway  service. 
These  are  supplemented  by  the  remaining  generator  at  night  to 
answer  the  wants  for  lighting  purposes.  The  Manchuria  Elec- 
tricity Co ,  a  private  concern,  with  head  office  at  Dairen,  being 
organised,  has  had  nearly  all  the  required  shares  subscribed,  and  has 
applied  for  a  franchise  ;  when  it  is  granted,  the  first  quarter  of  the 
capital  is  to  be  paid  and  work  will  be  started  before  winter,  first  at 
Kungchuling. 

Sicily. -The  American  Consul  at  Catania  (Sicily)  reports  that 
the  most  important  innovation  in  the  way  of  public  utilities  in 
that  district  during  1911  was  the  completion  of  two  large  water 
power  electric  generating  plants  and  the  power  transmission  and 
transformer  installations  of  the  Societa  Eleotrica,  per  Sicilia 
Orientale.  The  plants  are  located  at  Alacantra,  in  the  Province  of 
Messina,  and  at  Cassibile,  in  the  Province  of  Syracuse.  The  former 
has  a  generating  power  of  5,000  H.i-.,  and  the  latter  of  7,000  h.p. 
The  new  company  has  already  supplanted  the  older  local  companies 
in  supplying  energy  in  the  cities  of  Catania,  Syracuse,  and  Messina 
besides  supplying  initial  electric  power  to  the  small  towns  and 
agricultural  districts  of  Eastern  Sicily. 

Two  concessions  have  been  let  to  Belgian'companies  to  construct 
electric  railways,  one  to  La  Galatea  for  a  railway  between  Catania 
and  Acireale,  and  the  other  to  LesChemins  de  fer  Electrique,  for  an 
additional  double  trade  system  in  the  city  of  Catania. 

Later  in  his  report  the  Consul  states  that  opportunities  for  the 
extension  of  American  trade  appear  to  lie  in  the  direction  of  elec- 
trical supplies,  small  motor  and  man-power  machines  lor  wood  and 
metal  working,  A:c.  The  business  at  Messina  in  building  and  con- 
struction material  and  appliances  might  also  Ik;  increased.  These 
lines  are  now  principally  drawn  from  northern  Italy,  Germany  and 
England.  However,  the  introduction  of  new  goods  and  the  estab- 
lishing of  business  relations  can  be  accomplished  only  through 
pereonal  canvaw  by  well-equipped  salesmen  who  sj  ea'c  Italian.  The 
futility  of  sending  catalogues  and  descriptive  mi  tie' to  a  country 
ih  a  language  foreign  to  it  has  been  adequately  set  forth  in  Consular 
reports.  The  ccnditions  in  this  district  in  that  respect  are  not 
unlike  other(<. 

Servia.— The  Austrian  Consul  at  Belgrade  reports  that  the 
several  electrical  stations  in  Belgrade  and  elsewhere  in  Servia  are 
working  satisfactorily.  New  lighting  plants  have  been  installed  at 
Gradiste  and  Paracin.  When  it  has  been  found  possible  to  raise 
new  capital  for  the  works  in  Ovoar  Kablar  in  order  to  bring  the 
aVition  to  completion,  it  is  anticipated  that  new  industries  will  soon 


spring  up,  as  the  works  will  be  capable  of  supplying  2,000  H.P.  The 
electrical  works  in  Kisch,  which  are  run  by  the  municipality,  have 
developed  on  right  lines,  and  now  form  an  important  factor  in  the 
production  of  revenue  for  the  town.  They  have  not  yet  reached 
full  capacity,  however  The  electrical  works  in  Leskovac,  a  private- 
undertaking,  were  able  to  show  a  not  inconsiderable  profit  in  1911. 
There  arc  excellent  opportunities  for  the  erection  of  electrical  plants 
in  the  district  of  Xisch,  as  some  of  the  townships,  such  as  Alexinac. 
Prokuplje  and  Sokobanja.  are  favourably  disposed  towards  such 
works. 

Later  in  his  report  the  Consul  points  out  that  the  imports  into 
Servia  of  machinery,  apparatus,  electrical  appliances,  A:c.,  in  liUl 
were  valued  at  ll,«60,74fi  dinars  (25  dinars  =  £1)  as  compared 
with  a  value  of  only  .''), 97,^,383  dinars  in  1910.  There  was  thus  an 
increase  last  year  of  nearly  C,00O,O0O  dinars.    This  large  increase  ^ 

is  due  for  the  most  part  to  the  rapid  development  of  Servian  indus- 
tries and  the  increasing  tendency  to  erect  new  works  and  extend 
existing  plant.  The  imports  of  steam  boilers  were  valued  at  542,075 
dinars,  as  compared  with  107,433  dinars  in  1910.  The  imports  from 
the  United  Kingdom  have  decreased  ;  the  other  chief  suppliers  are 
(iermany,  Austria  and  Belgium.  The  imports  of  stationary  and 
non- stationary  steam  engines,  locomobiles,  turbines,  iVc,  were 
valued  at  2,103,183  dinars,  as  compared  with  1,103,575  dinars 
in  1910.  Of  the  1911  imports,  Germany  supplied  about  half, 
Austria  about  one-quarter,  and  Great  Britain  and  America  almost 
all  the  remaining  quarter.  Imports  of  oil  motors  consist  chiefly 
of  1  to  2-H.P.  motors,  Sweden  is  the  largest  supplier.  The  imports 
of  electrical  apparatus,  dynamos,  and  motors,  and  accessories 
were  valued  at  317,847  dinars,  as  compared  with  213,851  dinars 
in  1910;  Germany  and  Austria  are  the  largest  suppliers,  and 
Switzerland.  France  and  Belgium  do  a  fair  trade.  In  trans- 
formers, condensers,  accumulators,  A:c.,  the  imports  were  \alued  at 
68,585  dinars,  as  compared  with  .j1,854  dinars  in  1910,  Austria 
practically  monopolising  the  trade.  Cables  and  other  transmission 
material  were  imported  to  a  value  of  68,761  dinars,  as  compared 
with  74,237  dinars  in  1910,  and  in  this  line  also  Austria  took 
practically  the  whole  of  the  trade,  having  usurped  the  position 
held  by  Germany  in  the  previous  year.  Telegraph  and 
telephone  apparatus,  bells,  rheostats,  kc,  were  imported  to  a 
value  of  295,460  dinars,  as  compared  with  115,390  dinars 
in  1910.  Austria  and  Germany  took  the  greater  part 
of  the  trade,  though  France  and  Belgium  also  supplied 
a  certain  quantity.  Arc  lamps  were  imported  to  a  value  of  8,148 
dinars,  and  other  electric  lamps  to  a  value  of  134,122  dinars,  as 
compared  vrith  5,502  dinars  and  109,719  dinars  respectively  in 
1910  ;  Austria  and  Germany  are  the  largest  suppliers.  Accessories 
for  lighting  insulators,  &c.,  accounted  for  126,729  dinars,  as  com- 
pared with  62,234  dinars  in  1910.  The  demand  for  dynamos  and 
motors  is  not  very  great,  as  at  the  Belgrade  station  favourable 
arrangements  for  the  use  of  such  machines  do  not  exist,  and  in  the 
interior,  where  electric  controls  are  run  with  cheap  water-power, 
this  branch  of  the  business  has  not  been  sufficiently  developed. 
Nisch  is  however,  taking  steps  in  this  direction. 

\9V2. — Tlie  Yor/rsMre  Olserrer  in  an  annual  trade 
review  for  the  year  1912,  contains  a  vast  quantity  of  information 
respecting  textile  industries,  iron  and  steel  trades,  engineering  and 
other  subjects.  Mr.  P.  J.  Pybus,  M.I.E.E.,  has  an  illustrated  article 
on  "  Electric  Drivi.ng  in  Textile  Factories,"  the  Bradford  Corpora- 
tion electricity  department  has  an  effective  two-page  advertisement 
including  a  picture  of  Valley  Road  power  station,  and  a  progress 
diagram  showing  supply  to  textile  mills,  factories,  &c.,  from  1903 
onwards. 

Messrs.  S.  Dixon  &  Son,  Ltd.,  of  Swinegate,  Leeds,  report 
having  had  a  satisfactory  year  in  their  electrical  department. 
Amongst  the  different  installations  carried  out,  and  still  in  hand, 
are  the  following  :  — 

Beckett's  Park  Training  College.— Seven  hostels  and  Ave  hoaees,  4,000  lights. 

Bingley  Training  College.— Five  hostels,  2.000  lights,  Btannos. 

New  residence  at  Aysgarth,  for  Mr.  H.  Tunatill.— l&O  lights,  petrol  engine 

and  dynamo. 
New  Georgian  residence,    for  Mr.  Bam  Ambler.— ISO    lights,    gas    engine, 

dynamo  and  accumalators. 
Askham  Richard  Ball,  for  Mr.  Wailes-Fairbaim.— 300  lights, 

They  report  a  total  of  1 1,000  lights  installed  or  orders  in  band 
during  the  12  months, 

Condensin":    Plant  Contracts. — Among    the    orders 

recently  received  by  the  Mirrlees  Watson  Co.,  Ltd.,  for 
independent  steam  condensing  plant  are  the  following  : — 

Barometric  Jet  Plant.— Umhloti  Valley,  Natal,  and  Messrs,  S.  Lister,  Ltd., 
Bradford,  per  Messrs.  Qreenwood  &  Batley,  Leeds. 

Barface  Plant. — Torquay  Corporation,  per  British  Thomson-Houston  Co., 
Ltd. ;  Messrs.  Alex,  Henderson,  Dundee,  per  Messrs.  James  Honden  &  Co. ; 
the  Tharsis  Sulphur  and  Copper  Co.,  Spanish  Mines. 

The  above  are  fitted  with  reciprocating  air  pumps. 
The  following  are  for  plants  fitted  with  Mirrlees-Leblanc  rotary 
air  pnmps  : — 

Surface  Plant.— Bolckow,  Vaughaii,6oathbank,  Ilth  set;  Smith  A  McLean,' 
Ltd.,  Gartoosh  IronworkH:  Tullis  Russell  ft  Co.,  Markinch,  per  Christy  Bros,, 
Chelmsford  ;  Mexborough  U.U.C.,  per  Messrs.  Jas.  Howden. 

Mirrlees-Leblanc  Multi-Jet  Plant.— Vicars,  Ltd.,  Krith,  per  Eraser  and 
Chalmers;  Button  Heath  and  Lea  Qreen  Collieries,  per  Jas.  Howden  A  Co. ; 
Parkside  Mining  Co.,  per  the  A.B.O.  Electric  Co.,  Newcastle  ;  J.B.White 
and  Co.,  Fast  Cowee  ;  Fraser  &  Chalmers,  Ltd.,  London.  Also  repeat  orders 
for  low  level  jet  plant  lor  the  Dalton  Main  Colliery  Co.,  Ltd.,  per  the  British 
Thomson-Houston  Co. 

Li(| nidations, — New    Slpkrheatek    Co.,   Ltd. — This 

company  is  winding  up  voluntarily,  with  Mr.  S.  G.  Broff,  155, 
Salisbury  House,  London,  E.C.,  as  liquidator.  A  meeting  of 
creditors  is  called  for  January  2l8t.  Particulars  of  debts,  \c., 
must  be  sent  to  Mr.  Bruff  by  February  25th. 


Vol.71!.     No.  1,8:.!,. Jan, -Auv  17,  I!.l:M      THE     ELECTRICAL     RKVIEW. 


07 


Mil.  p.  F.  Bkittain,  of  th«  Lanf(i!oii-I)avicH  Motor  (^o.,  110, 
Cannon  Street,  IiOiulou,  B.C.,  writi>H  to  point  out  that  tho  Lan^fdon- 
DavicH  Motor  Co.,  Lt<l.,  which  wo  nnnounccd  an  holding'  a  iiitetinir 
of  creditorH  at  the  oflicoH  of  Mr.  Cape,  at  Coleman  Street,  K.C.,  to 
hear  an  account  of  the  windini;  up,  ih,  of  courno,  the  ohl  Lan(;don- 
Davies  Motor  Co.,  which  went  into  li(|ui('ation  Home  two  yearn  ofo. 
Our  readers  are  aware  that  the  present  Ann  ac(|uire<l  the  aeHetn,  ice, 
from  the  li<iuidator  an  a  (foinif  concern,  and  are  carryin(f  on  the 
basinoHH,  an  heretofore,  at  tlieir  new  worku  at  LewiBham.  They 
report  that  they  are  turninf;  out  more  motorH  now  than  at  any 
time  in  the  history  of  the  old  company. 

Book  .\otice8,  —  "  KIcmentary  Manual  on  Aiiplied 
Mechanics."  By  I'rof.  Andrew  Jamieton.  Tenth  edition.  1912. 
London  :  Charles  (iriffln  .^  Co.,  Ltd.     I'rice  38.  (!d. 

"Foundations  and  Machinery  Kixinir."  By  Francis  H.  Davies. 
London  :  Constable  ifc  Co.,  Ltd.     Trice  28.  net. 

"The  Russian  Year-Book,  l!)i:(."  By  11.  1*.  Kennard.  London  : 
Eyre  i.  Spottiswoode,  Ltd.     Price  10s.  6d.  net. 

"An  Elementary  Course  of  Magnetism  and  Electricity."  By 
Charles  IL  Draper.     London  :  Blackie  \;  Son.  Ltd.     I'rice  28. 

"Science  Abstracts."  VoL  15,  part  12.  December  31  st,  1912. 
Sections  A  and  B.  London  :  E.  &  F.  N.  Spon,  Ltd.  Price  Is.  (id. 
net  each. 

"The  First  Railway  in  London."  By  A.  R.  Bennett.  London  : 
The  Locomotive  PublishvDfr  Co.,  Ltd.     Price  38.  6d.  net. 

"  Advice  on  Country  House  Ijitfhting."  London  :  Simplex  Con- 
duits, Ltd.     Price  Is.  net. 

"  Proieediitii-1  of  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers." 
Vol.  XXXII,  No.  I.  January,  11113.  New  York  :  The  Institute. 
Price  $1. 

"■Journal  of  the  Rontgen  Society."  Vol.  IX,  No.  34.  January, 
1913.    Loudon:  Smith  i;  Ebbs.  Ltd.     Price4s.net. 

'^  Jour  mil  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers." 
V'ol.  XXXV.  No.  1.  January,  1913.  New  Y'^ork  :  The  Society. 
Price  35  cents. 

'■  Prorrediiiii-i  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers." 
Vol.  XXXVill.  No.  10.  December,  l'.)12.  New  York  :  The 
Society. 

'■  Trahxactioiix  of  the  Illuminating  Engineering  Society."  Vol. 
VII,  No.  8.  November.  li)]2.  New  York:  The  Society.  Price 
75  cents. 

"  Transactions  of  the  Inetitution  of  Engineers  and  Shipbuilders 
in  Scotland."    Part  III.     1912-13.     Glasgow  :  The  Institution. 

"Atti  della  Associazione  Elettrotecnica  Italiana."  December 
31st,  1912.     Milan  :  Stucchi,  Ceretti  \  C. 

Calendars. — The  Chemical  Trade  Journal  has  issued  a 
wall  calendar  for  1913  with  large  monthly  tear-oS  sheets. 

From  the  Fostee  ENr;iNEEEiN<;  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Wimbledon, 
London,  we  have  received  a  wall  card  with  calendar  for  the  whole 
year.  The  design  and  style  are  excellent,  the  ten  items  of  Foster 
manufactures  being  so  embodied  in  the  scheme  as  to  be  essential 
parts  of  it,  and  by  no  means  obtrusive. 

A  pamphlet  entitled  "  The  Past  Year  and  Prospects  for  1913" 
has  been  issued  by  Messes.  John  Birch  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  2.  London 
Wall  Buildings,  E.C.,  discussing  in  turn  the  coal  strike,  the  trade 
boom,  the  prospect,  the  "  coming  motor  "  (the  Diesel),  the  London 
agent,  and  the  value  of  having  personal  travelling  agents  abroad. 

Catalogues  and  Lists. — From  Messrs.  Vickers,  Ltd., 

of  Vickers  House,  Broadway,  Westminster,  we  have  received  a 
handsome  brochure — "  The  Vickers'  Book  " — in  which  there  are 
some  64  pages  of  excellent  half-tone  prints  on  art  paper  showing 
warships,  floating  docks,  turbine  steamships  and  dredgers  built 
and  fitted  out  by  them,  gun  mountings  and  gun-mountin<r  shops, 
turbines,  finished  guns,  guns  firing,  motor-cars  and  motor-car  parts, 
l,O00-KW.  D.c.  turbo-generators,  5,000-kw.  three-phase  generators 
for  Winnipeg,  automatic  reversing  gear  for  planers,  motor-driven 
tools,  monoplanes,  electric  control  pillars,  motors  from  \  to  50  H.P., 
the  Tickers  train-lighting  system,  roller  bearings.  Duralumin  and 
other  features  of  their  multifarious  operations  carried  on  at  Barrow,  ' 
Sheffield  and  Birmingham.  A  number  of  pictures  show  interior 
and  exterior  views  of  the  works  and  other  premises  of  this  gigantic 
concern. 

Messes.  Ozosaie,  Ltd.,  9(i,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster, 
London,  S.W. — Eight-page  pamphlet  (No.  S)  giving  useful  informa- 
tion relating  to  the  Ozonair  system  of  food  preservation,  and  its 
application  to  the  purification  of  water  in  ice  factories.  A  list  of 
installations  coming  under  these  classes,  testimonials,  and  diagram- 
matic explanations  of  the  arrangement  of  the  system,  are  included. 

The  Westinghouse  Coopee-Hewitt  Co.,  Ltd.,  80,  Y'ork  Road. 
King's  Cross,  London,  N.  -Four-page  list.  No.  24,  giving  illustrated 
particulars  of  their  mercury  vapour  converters  for  cinematograph 
projection  arc  lamp  work,  with  prices,  and  notes  on  maintenance 
expenses.  Similar  converters  are  in  extensive  use  for  telegraph  and 
telephone  exchanges,  and  for  charging  commercial  batteries.  The 
list  is  specially  prepared  for  electricians  in  charge  of  cinematograph 
plant. 

MEbSKb.  I.SARIA.  LTD..  20^,  Tower  Bridge  Road,  London.  S.E.— 
Two  four-page  lists  containing  brief  descriptions,  with  tabulated 
particulars  and  prices,  of  small  C.C.  dynamos  and  polishing  motors. 

The  Metallic  Seamless  Tube  Co..  Ltd.,  Corporation  Street, 
Birmingham. — Postal  card  giving  prices  and  brief  particulars  of 
"Swingback"  fuseboards. 

The  Electrical  Engineehing  akd  Equipment  Co.,  Ltd., 
109-111,  New  Oxford  Street,  London,  W.C— List  CB  1,  containing 
tabulated  particulars  and  prices  of  different  qualities  and  types 
of  car'oon  brushes  manufactured  by  Dr.  Albert  Lessing,  for  whom 
the  firm  are  sole  selling  agents  for  Great  Britain  and  the  Colonies. 


Memhhh.  Do.nova.n  A:  Co.,  Cornwall  Street,  BirminKbam.  New 
catalogui!  containing  particulam  of  a  very  wide  ranifc  of  ••Uctrirwl 

HupplicH  and  material,  including  Htandard  linen  in  c'-i   '     * 

iuHulatorn,    motor  Mtarting    nwitch«i>,    fan   ruKulatorr, 

lators,  Mwitchgear.  Board  of  Trade  fui^eM  and  hand  lui: 

HWitchgear    and     funCH,    a''CottcorieH,    btll    and    teltph' 

electric   fittings,  A:c.     We  uiidi-rHtand- we  have  not  < 

pricfs  arc  given  of  ntxjut  iD.nuo  articled,  and  there  in  ui.   . 

of  illustrationn.     The  copy  received  by  uh  ih  of  the  ii(N:cial  export 

edition    on    thin    art   paper,   and  copien  will   be  forwarded  to  any 

reader  abroad  who  is  intercnted.     The  edition  for  Home  uhc  in  on  a 

thicker  paper.     Every  effort  haH  been  made  to  facilitat<;  referenci- 

by  providing  a  full  index  in  addition  to  a  finger  itdex  to  Hectioim. 

Mi;.«sKs.  .ScHoi.Kv  \:  Co.,  Ltd.,  I.'.I,  Queen  Victoria  Street. 
London,  E.C. — Twenty-four-page  catalogue  containing  a  full 
descriptive  account  of  the  Graham  electric  lifts  (concerning  which 
some  particulars  were  recently  given  in  these  pages)  admirably 
illustrated  on  a  good  art  paper.  Full  technical  notes  with  detailed 
diagrams  are  also  given. 

Trade  Announcements. — It  is  stated  in  the  Hlanilnnl 

that  the  Biuti.sh  Thomson-IIoi  sto.v  Co.  propose  to  transfer  the 
switchboard  department  of  their  factory  from  Rugby  to  Willesden. 
"Recently  the  firm  built  a  factory  there,  in  order  to  cope  with  the 
increased  demand  for  Mazda  lamps,  at  the  same  time  retaining 
their  lamp  factory  at  Rugby.  The  removal  of  the  switchboard 
department  to  Willesden  is  not  diflScult  to  understand.  WhiUt 
extensive  building  operations  have  been  carried  out  during  the  pa.-t. 
six  years  in  Rugby,  they  have  been  nothing  like  sufficient  to  meet 
the  greatly  increased  population,  which  is  to  a  large  extent 
accounted  for  by  extensions  at  the  B.T.II.  In  fact,  the  local 
Council  is  being  urged  to  put  up  municipal  dwellings  with  all 
speed.  The  preliminary  arrangements  for  the  transfer  of  the 
switchboard  department  to  Willesden  are  to  be  pushed  forward  with 
all  speed,  and  it  is  expected  that  the  men  will  be  installed  in  North  ' 
London  by  Easter." 

Messes.  Haslam  ^V  Schostheil,  11,  Windsor  Place,  Cardiff, 
have  been  appointed  by  Messrs.  Callender's  Cable  and  Construction 
Co..  Ltd..  to  be  their  sales  agents  for  South  Wales,  Monmouthshire, 
and  the  Bristol  district.     Callenders  rubber  cables  will  be  stocked. 

Messes.  Heemanx  Steinbach  and  Ma.\  IIohx  (who  were  for 
many  years  with  Mes.^rs.  Jaeger  Bros.)  have  commenced  business 
as  suppliers  of  electrical  accessories  at  669,  Mansion  House 
Chambers,  Bucklersbury,  London,  EC,  under  the  style  of  Steinbach 
anc  Hohn. 

Messes.  Mathee  A:  Platt,  Ltd.,  announce  the  removal  of  their 
registered  office  and  publicity  department  to  Park  Works,  Newton 
Heath,  Manchester. 

"A.  Fattoei  A:  Co."  is  the  title  of  a  firm  recently  registered  at 
104,  Via  Tomacelli,  Rome,  to  act  as  agents  for  the  sale  of  electrical 
material. 

Bankruptcy  ProceediD«s.— A.  F.  Mander,  electrical 

engineer  and  cycle  dealer,  Victoria  Road,  Aston.  Birmingham. — 
First  and  final  dividend,  2s.  3d.  in  the  £.  payable  January  20th,  at 
OflBcial  Receiver's  office,  191,  Corporation  Street,  Birmingham. 

Theodoee  Hexby  Meakin,  electrical  fitter.  Quarry  View.  Four 
Mile  Bridge.  Valley,  Anglesey. — First  meeting,  January  18th  at 
Chester  ;  public  examination,  February  6th,  at  Bangor. 

For  Sale. — The  Secretary  of  State  for  War  is  offering 
for  sale  a  quantity  of  electric  lighting  and  steam  pumping 
machinery  and  accessories  at  Borden  Camp,  Hampshire.  The 
Belfast  Corporation  has  for  disposal  a  quantity  of  Hopkinson  steam 
valves  and  flanged  steam  pipes.  See  our  advertisement  pages  in 
this  issue. 

New  Zealand. — H.M.  Trade  (Commissioner  reports  that 
an  Auckland  firm  seek  the  representation  of  British  manufacturers 
of  wire  and  cable,  and  also  of  electrical  heating  apparatus.  Board 
of  Trade  Journal. 

Isi'nition  Magnetos. — Mf;ssRs.  DrxcAX   Watson  and 

Co.,  of  62,  Berners  Street,  London,  W.,  hove  acquired  the  British 
concession  in  a  new  ignition  magneto,  known  as  the  "  Mafan,  " 
made  by  Messrs.  Hartmann  A:  BEArs,  of  Frankfort-am-Main. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Altrinchaiu. — At  a  meetintr  of  the  District  Council  last 

week,  it  was  stated  that  the  plans  for  the-  proposed  electric  street 
lighting  were  now  in  the  hands  of  the  manager  of  the  Altrinchaui 
Electric  Supply  Co..  who  was  giving  the  matter  attention. 

Arg'entina. — Messrs.  Gambarini  a:  Co.  have  applied  to 
the  San  Luis  Government  for  a  concession  for  an  electric  tramway 
in  the  city  of  Mercedes.    The  concession  is  to  be  for  60  years. 

The  chief  of  the  Public  Works  Department  of  the  Kosario  Muni- 
cipality has  presented  to  the  mayor  his  report  on  the  various  tenders 
received  for  public  electric  lighting  of  that  city.  He  is  of  the 
opinion  that  the  concession  should  be  for  20  years,  and  terminates 
his  report  by  recommending  that  the  tender  of  the  Rosario  Electricity 
Co,  be  accepted  as,  in  his  opinion,  it  is  the  most  advantageous  to  t*i 


98 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,   [voi.72.  No.  i,834,  januabyu,  1913. 


city,  if  the  company  eliminated  from  its  offer  that  clause  of  obliging 
the  municipality  to  pay  in  ten  years  the  costs  of  all  the  initaDation. 
He  calculates  that  this  tender  would  be  a  saving  to  the  Corporation 
during-  the  20  years  of  the  concession  of  the  sum  of  |.")54, 729.70. 
The  report  has  now  been  sent  to  the  City  Council. — Review  nf  the 
III  r<T  Plat,: 

Australia. — Accordins:  to  the  Mitiinr/  and  Etif/inerritu/ 
Reriew,  a  scheme  has  been  outlined,  and  a  preliminary  report 
furnished  by  Mr.  Wm.  Corin,  electrical  engineer,  of  the  Public 
Works  Hepartinent,  for  the  supply  of  electric  power  by  the  Govern- 
ment to  the  more  populous  areas  of  the  State,  to  cover  existing  and 
future  needs,  including  a  supply  of  light,  heat  and  power  for  all 
public  and  private  purposes  :  the  establishment  in  Australia  of 
larger  electro-thermic  and  electrolytic  industries,  such  as  the 
manufacture  of  calcium  carbide  and  cynnamide  :  and,  eventually, 
for  a  complete  electrification  of  the  State  Railways.  The  scheme 
provides  for  the  utilisation  of  the  State  coal  and  water-power 
resources  by  the  establishment  of  power  stations  in  each  of  the 
important  coalfields,  and  on  those  rivers  which  may  be  depended 
upon  to  provide  power  in  sufficiently  large  quantities  to  make  their 
development  commercially  feasible.  In  the  report  it  is  suggested 
that  a  beginning  might  be  made  by  the  establishment  of  a  large 
power  station  at  some  convenient  point  on  the  southern  coalfield, 
and  that  this  should  eventually  be  linked  with  stationsatBurrinjuck, 
on  the  Shoalhaven  River,  and  in  other  coalfields.  Transmission  lines 
would  supply  power  to  all  the  towns  along  their  route,  or  within 
a  reasonable  distance  of  them.  A  comprehensive  scheme  on  such 
lines,  it  is  stated,  would  enable  power  to  be  provided  at  a  very  low 
price,  ranging,  according  to  the  character  of  the  load,  from  Jd.  to 
1  Id.  per  unit. 

The  North  Sydney  Council  has  agreed  to  adopt  the  first  report  of 
Mr.  G.  A.  Julius  in  regard  to  providing  electricity  and  erecting  a 
refuse  destructor,  the  scheme  being  that  of  the  Xorthern  Suburbs 
E.L.  and  P.S.  Corporation.  The  Mayor's  recommendation  wa.s, 
however,  only  carried  by  his  own  casting  vote,  and  the  matter  has 
been  reopened  in  Council,  as  it  is  understood  to  be  the  opinion  of 
the  expert  that  the  offers  of  the  Sydney  Council  and  Public  Works 
Department  are  well  worth  greater  consideration. 

Last  year  the  Melbourne  City  Council  reduced  its  charges  for 
electric  supply,  and  estimated  a  revenue  reduction  on  lighting  of 
£12, .500,  and  on  power  of  £3  000.  The  difference  has,  however, 
amounted  to  £22,500.  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  a  great  increase  in 
supply  took  place,  which  has  led  the  Electricity  Committee  to  con- 
sider still  further  reductions  in  the  price  of  power. 

Blackbnril. — An  accident  at  Messrs.  Baynes'  extensive 
Cicely  Bridge  Mills,  Blackburn,  led  to  the  firm  deciding  to  install 
special  electric  motors  to  enable  an  early  start  to  be  made.  It  will 
be  several  months  before  the  defective  engine  is  repaired. 

Blackpool. — At  the  T.C.  ou  January  9th,  a  letter  was 
read  from  owners  of  property  adjoining  the  electricity  works  com- 
plaining about  the  noise  caused  by  the  machinery  which,  they 
understood,  had  been  newly  installed.  A  property  owner  said  he 
must  look  after  his  tenants,  and  if  the  nuisance  was  not  abated,  he 
would  have  no  option  but  to  take  such  steps  as  would  abate  it.  Aid. 
Brodie  said  the  electricity  works  had  been  established  20  years,  and 
the  property  of  Mr.  Alex.  Moore  (the  person  to  complain)  had  been 
occupied  12  months. 

Blaekrock. — A  special  meeting  of  the  Urban  Council 
was*  held  to  consider  what  action  should  be  taken  as  to  a  petition 
to  the  B.  of  T.  embodying  the  Council's  objections  to  the  Dublin 
Southern  Electric  Lighting  Order,  promoted  by  the  Dublin  and 
Southern  District  Electric  Supply  Co.  The  town  clerk  said 
the  object  of  the  proposed  order  was  to  give  the  company 
power  to  light  Dalkey,  Kingstown  and  Blackrock  with  elec- 
tricity. He  suggested  that  the  first  thing  to  be  done  was  to 
employ  an  expert  electrical  engineer  to  report  upon  the  scheme  of 
the  company  as  it  concerned  Blackrock.  It  was  mentioned  that 
Blackrock  had  an  Electric  Lighting  Order  covering  certain  areas. 
The  intention  was  to  use  that  order  to  the  best  advantage  of  the 
ratepayers.  This  company  wanted  the  Council  to  waive  its  powers 
and  give  them  the  Electric  Lighting  Order.  The  area  the  company 
marked  did  not  touch  more  than  half  what  was  scheduled  in  the 
Council's  Order.  The  town  clerk  said  the  company's  area  covered 
about  the  same  mileage.  After  further  discussion,  it  was  decided 
to  employ  Mr.  Price  as  an  expert  to  report  on  the  company's  scheme 
for  lighting  Blackrock. 

Bo(cnor. — The  T^.D.C.  is  considering  the  advisability  of 
adopting  electricity  for  driving  the  new  pumps  at  the  sewage  out- 
fall works.  The  gas  company  has  offered  to  supply  current  at  Id. 
per  unit. 

Bolton. — The  Corporation  has  arranged  terms  with 
Messrs.  .Joseph  Crook  &  Co.  for  giving  a  supply  of  electricity  for 
power  purposes  to  Eagle  Mill,  and  with  Meoars.  Greenhalgh  and 
?haw  for  giving  a  supply  of  electricity  to  their  Halliwell  mills. 

Bournemouth. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Council  the 
question  of  the  lighting  of  the  Undercliff  Drive  and  West  Promenade 
waa  discussed  at  great  length,  there  being  a  wordy  conflict  as  to 
whether  ga«  or  electricity  should  be  used.  The  Lighting  Com- 
mitt«'  recommended  that  the  tender  of  the  Bournemouth  and  Poole 
Electricity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  £.5  28.  lOd.  per  lamp  per  annum  for 
a  term  of  five  years  be  accepted,  but  the  question  waa  referred 
back.  In  the  course  of  the  discussion  the  borough  engineer  stated 
that  he  had  been  in  communication  with  other  towns  on  the 
Bubject,  and  he  had  received  replies  from  Brighton,  Clooton-on-Sea, 
Eastbourne,    Folkestone,    Great   Yarmouth,    Hastings,    Lowe«loft, 


Margate,  Ramsgate,  Scarborough,  Southend-on-Sea,  Sonthport, 
Torquay  and  Weymouth.  Eleven  of  these  used  electric  lamps  on 
the  se«  front,  three  used  gas,  and  five  both  gas  and  electricity. 

Brijrhton. — The  Lighting  Committee  of  the  T.C,  on  the 
advice  of  the  town  clerk,  recommends  opposition  to  the  Bill  of  the 
Hove  T.C.  as  regards  the  supply  of  current  outside  the  Iwrough  of 
Hove,  as  it  is  considered  that  such  powers  will  prejudicially  affect 
the  rights  and  powers  of  Brighton.  The  parishes  mentioned  in  the 
proposed  extended  area  of  supply  are  Portslade,  Preston  Rural, 
West  Blatchington  and  Hangleton. 

Caerphilly. — At  a  meeting  of  residents  recently  a 
resolution  was  passed  rniuesting  the  IJ.D.C.  to  petition  against  the 
granting  of  a  prov.  order  for  electric  light  to  a  private  company 
It  was  stated  that  the  Council  proposed  to  support  the 
application. 

Chalfont  St.  Peter. — The  Amersham  R.D.C.  has  con- 
sented to  the  electric  lighting  mains  being  extended  to  Chalfont 
St.  Peter  in  connection  with  the  promotion  of  a  prov.  order  by  a 
CDmpany. 

China. — A  steadily  increasing  demand  for  electric  light- 
ing equipment  and  electric  fans  is  reported  from  Swatow  in  China. 

Continental  Notes. — BEi.onM. — La  Sociotc  des  Cen- 
trales Electriques  des  Flandres  has  secured  the  concession  for  the 
electric  lighting  of  17  villages  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Ghent. 
Work  is  well  in  hand  on  the  establishment  of  the  company's  central 
station,  which  wilj,  primarily,  have  a  capacity  of  4,000  KW.,  and  is 
situated  at  Langerbrugge,  on  the  banks  of  the  Ghent  Maritime 
Canal. 

France. — The  Government  engineers  are  now  engaged  in  making 
investigations  in  connection  with  the  alternative  schemes  of  dams 
suggested  with  a  view  to  the  electric  utilisation  of  the  water 
power  of  the  Upper  Rhone.  The  schemes  put  forward  are  a 
single  large  dam  at  Genissiat,  or  two  dams,  one  at  Malpertuis  and 
the  other  at  Perte  du  Rhone,  on  the  frontier. 

The  Havre  Chamber  of  Commerce  has  approved  a  scheme  for  the 
disbursement  of  4,200,000  fr.  for  the  installation  of  1.5  electric 
cranes  and  the  construction  of  an  electric  line  for  the  sfervice  of  the 
cranes  and  the  lighting  of  a  warehouse :  50,000  f  r.  additional  is 
also  approved  for  the  installation  bf  Ki  electric  winches  on  the 
Colbert  Quai. — Iai  LumuH'e  Electriquf. 

Gebmany. — Work  is  approaching  completion  of  the  new  water- 
utilisation  plant  of  the  Glambocksee  Kraftwerke  Gesellschaft,  at 
Stolp,  Pomerania.  Altogether  six  850-H.p.  turbines  and  generators 
are  to  be  installed,  three  of  which,  as  also  an  exciting  set,  have 
been  supplied  by  Messrs.  Briegleb,  Hanson  &  Co.,  of  Gotha. 

Spain. — A  new  undertaking,  with  a  capital  of  £50,000,  and  the 
title  La  Sociedad  Co-operativa  Electrica  Donostiarra,  has  lately  been 
formed  in  San  Sebastian  to  undertake  the  supply  of  electrical 
energy  for  lighting  purposes  in  the  district. 

Coventry. — A  meeting  of  parochial  electors  has  been 
held,  when  resolutions  were  passed  approving  of  the  insertion  in  the 
proposed  Corporation  Bill  of  clauses  providing  for,  among  other 
things,  the  supply  of  gas  and  electricity  to  several  villages. 

Douglas  (Isle  of  9Ian). —  In  connection  with  the  new 
kursasl,  which  is  nearing  completion,  in  the  Public  Gardens,  it  has 
been  decided  to  install  electric  lighting  at  a  cost  of  £3,000. 

I>0ver. — The  T.C.  has   decided  to  apply  to  the  L.G.B. 

for  a  loan  of  £300  for  transformers. 

Barton  Road  Schools  are  to  be  wired  for  the  electric  light  in 
the  coming  summer. 

Dun$>:arvan. — The  T.C.  of  this  Irish  town  has  decided 

to  light  it  with  electricity  if  the  necessary  funds  can  be  raised,  in 
lieu  of  the  present  gas  lighting  system.  Permission  is  to  be  asked 
for  a  loan  of  £2,000  to  float  the  scheme. 

Eccles. — Replying  to  a  question  at  the  T.C.  meetin?  last 
week,  Aid.  Pearson  said  his  Committee  was  in  favour  of  sup- 
plying electrical  fittings.  Councillor  Ogden  expressed  the  hope 
that  the  Committee  would  not,  without  taking  the  Council  into 
its  confidence,  embark  on  anything  which  would  lead  to  municipal 
trading  in  electrical  fittings  in  opposition  to  private  enterprise, 
and  he  was  assured  that  before  anything  of  the  sort  could  be  done 
the  Council  would  have  an  opportunity  of  saying  what  it  thought 
on  the  matter. 

Edinburgh. — A  Corporation  Committee  has  instructed 

the  Town  Clerk  to  prepare  a  report  on  the  general  question  of 
supplying  electricity  to  suburban  districts,  and  to  have  a  confer- 
ence with  the  military  authorities  on  the  subject  of  supplying 
electric  power  to  Redford  Barracks. 

Feli.vstowe.— According  to  the  AV/.t/  Anr/linn  Daily 
TkmpK,  a  Dr.  C.  H.  Liebbrand  has  a  scheme  on  foot  for  the  acquisi- 
tion of  the  Suffolk  E.S.  Co.,  which  supplies  the  town.  The 
scheme  apparently  contemplates  a  central  station  (on  the  Germaa 
plan)  for  supplying  the  agricultural  townships  scattered  round 
Ipswich,  and,  of  course,  including  Felixstowe. 

Gravpsend. — The  T.C.  has  received  from  the  L.O.B. 
sanction  to  loans  of  £4,600  for  E.L.  mains,  £1,200  for  house  ser- 
vices, £500  for  a  coal  store  at  the  electricity  works,  and  £300  for  an 
automatic  stoker, 

Hayward's  Heath  (Sussex).— The  U.D.C.  on  Monday    , 

consented  to  waive  the  statutory  notice  of  the  application  for  a 


Vol.  73.   No.  i,8;u,  jANuxny  17, 1'ji:..]     THE    ELECn'RTCAL    REVIEW. 


99 


prov.  order  for  olootrioity  supply  by  the  Mid-RnPRPX  Electric  Liffht 
and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  on  condition  that  a  patinfactory  purchase 
clause  is  inserted  in  the  Order. 

Hove. — At  a  P|K'cial  meeting  of  tlie  T.C.on  January  lOtli, 
the  recent  decision  to  promote  a  Bill  for  the  ocquisifion  of  the 
undcrlakingr  of  the  Ilove  E.L.  Co.,  Ltd.,  was  confirmed  by 
28  votes  to  4. 

Kendal. — A  Sub- Committee  has  been  appointed  to  make 

arrangements  for  the  electric  liprhtinir,  in  lieu  of  ^as,  of  the  court 
room  and  magistrate's  room  at  the  Town  Hall. 

Knijrbtoii  (Kadiiorshire). — The    U.D.C.   has    bad  an 

application  from,  and  an  interview  with,  Mr.  L.  J.  Simons,  elec- 
trical enpineer,  in  reference  to  the  frrantingr  of  permission  by  the 
Council  to  open  the  streets  for  the  laying  of  a  cable  for  the  pro- 
posed electric  lifrhtinjj  scheme.  Prior  to  the  Council  meeting',  a 
public  raeetins;  had  been  held  at  the  Norton  Arms,  when  it  was 
BUKpested  that  the  Council  should  carry  out  the  scheme,  or,  failing 
this,  that  a  private  company  should  do  so.  It  was  decided  to  hold 
a  special  meeting,  followed  by  a  public  meeting,  to  ascertain  the 
views  of  the  ratepayers  on  the  subject. 

Lincoln. — The  T.C.  has  decided,  owing  to  the  great 
increase  in  the  price  of  oil,  not  to  install  an  oil  engine  at  the 
electricity  works,  but  to  purchase  a  steam  turbine  plant. 

Llanfairfeclian, — A  communication  has  been  received 

from  Mr.  W.  R.  Walton,  the  consulting  engineer,  in  connection  with 
the  electric  lighting  scheme,  stating  that  the  original  expenditure 
at  Llangollen  was  £2,220,  including  legal  expenses,  and  suggesting 
the  holding  of  an  electrical  exhibition,  with  a  view  to  ascertaining 
whether  there  is  any  real  demand  for  electricity  in  the  town.  The 
U.D.C.  has  decided  to  provide  a  building  free  for  a  week's 
exhibition. 

London. — Marylebone. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the 
Council,  the  Electricity  Committee  brought  up  a  report  with 
regard  to  the  supply  for  next  winter.  In  this  connection,  Mr. 
J.  F.  C.  Snell,  as  consulting  engineer,  prepared  a  preliminary 
report  in  which  he  stated  that  he  was  certain  that  the  load  would 
grow  beyond  the  economical  transmission  by  600-volt  continuous 
current.  After  careful  consideration  of  the  various  load  curves,  he 
agreed  that  a  3,000-kw.  turbo-alternator  was  the  convenient  size  of 
machine  to  install.  He  approved  the  pressure  proposed,  namely, 
6,600  volts,  and  the  speed  of  S,000  b.p.m.  As  the  tender  of  the 
Oerliken  Co.  was  so  extraordinarily  low,  he  was  of  opinion  that  it 
would  be  founder  policy  to  accept  their  tender  and  install  a  second 
set  practically  at  once.  The  Council  would  then  have  a  complete 
stand-by  to  its  three-phase  plant,  which  he  thought  advisable.  On 
this  report,  the  Electricity  Committee  stated  that  the  question  of 
the  period  of  delivery  of  any  turbine- alternators  which  it  might  be 
decided  to  order  was  the  most  pressing  part  of  the  problem,  and  it 
had  authorised  the  general  manager  and  Mr.  Snell  to  give  a  prov. 
order  for  one  such  apparatus,  if  they  came  to  the  conclusion  that 
such  a  course  was  advisable,  such  order  to  be  subject  to  confirma- 
tion by  the  Council.  This  was  duly  done,  the  order  being  given  to 
the  Oerlikon  Co.,  but  as  the  installation  of  a  second  set  as  a  com- 
plete stand-by  was  recommended,  they  had  extended  that  authority 
to  cover  a  prov.  order  for  two  sets,  which  would  provide  6,000 
additional  KW.  The  Committee  accordingly  recommended  the 
Council  to  confirm  their  action,  and  that  a  contract  be  entered 
into  for  the  purchase  of  two  turbo-alternators,  each  of  3,7.'iO 
K.v  A.,  at  a  total  cost  of  £8,600.  In  the  discussion  on  this 
recommendation.  Alderman  Hopkins  said  that  the  position  was 
that  the  load  was  increasing  at  a  very  rapid  rate,  and  that  it 
was  necessary  that  steps  should  be  taken  to  provide  for  the  next 
winter  so  that  there  might  be  no  difficulty  in  supplying  the 
current.  It  had  been  found  that  existing  arrangements  were  not 
economical,  and  would  not  meet  requirements.  The  recommenda- 
tion was  eventually  adopted. 

St.  Pancras.^ — Sanction  has  been  received  from  the  L.C.C.  to 
the  borrowing  of  £13,176,  made  up  as  follows  : — £5,329  for  mains ; 
£5,310  for  generating  plant ;  £2,006  for  house  services,  and  £621 
for  meters.  This  sum  is  to  be  invested  out  of  the  Electricity 
Reserve  Fund  account,  repayment  of  principal  being  annually  upon 
the  instalment  system  and  interest  at  the  rate  of  3i  per  cent,  per 
annum.  In  connection  with  the  putting  in  of  new  feeding  mains 
from  the  King's  Road  Electricity  Station  to  the  Camden  Broadway, 
mains  are  to  be  laid  for  street  lighting  by  incandescent  electric 
lamps  in  the  thoroughfares  concerned,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £93. 

Islington. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Guardians  last  week,  the  ques- 
tion of  introducing  electric  light  and  power  (as  mentioned  in  our 
issue  of  December  20th)  came  up  for  discussion.  Various  proposals 
with  a  view  to  adhering  to  gas  lighting  were  considered,  the 
Gas  Co.  having  offered  to  fix  inverted  burners  throughout  for  £725, 
and  to  replace  all  old  gas  piping.  In  the  end  the  electric  lighting 
scheme  was  adopted  by  14  votes  to  8,  but  a  clause  providing  for  a 
minimum  payment  of  £1,000  per  annum  for  the  supply,  was 
rejected  on  an  amendment. 

Maidenhead.— The  T.C.  has  appHed  to  the  L.G.B.  for  a 

loan  of  £1,700  for  new  buildings  and  plant  at  the  electric  light 
works,  and  for  £2,000  for  mains. 

Northumberland. — By    a    serious    fire    at   Ashington 

Colliery  on  the  12th  inst.,  haulage  machinery,  electric  plant,  &c., 
of  the  value  of  £3,000,  was  destroyed.  Only  one  seam  was  afifected, 
and  there  were  only  two  men  at  work  at  the  time.  Some  80  ponies 
were  killed.     AphingtoVi  Colliery  is  the  largest  in  the  county. 


Oldham — The  T.C.  has  (wnfirmed  the  recommendation 
of  the  Klectrii'ity  Committee,  to  apply  to  the  L.G.B.  for  Moction  to 
borrow  £.'U),00<i  to  cover  the  co8t  of  aflditional  plant,  ko. 

Hhyl. —  .Ml'.  Wright,  the  electrir^l  ongin'f-r  to  the 
I'.D.C  ,  ha«  r(M'omin<'n<ifd  to  the  Council  the  d<,-«irability  of 
encouraging  the  "fc  of  electricity  for  heating  and  cooking  purpoMo 
in  the  district.  An  a<lditional  output  of  TjO  000  unitH  at  l)d.  would 
mean  an  additional  rcvcniio  of  £.'<IM),  and  would  add  practically 
nothing  to  the  working  ex()enFrH,  which  had  been  decreaning  for 
the  lant  two  years.  The  working  costs  of  the  Die»el  enginf  H<;t,  by 
which  this  load  would  be  supplied,  are  Jd.  per  unit  generated,  or  Id. 
unit  including  all  the  charges  except  line  chargefl.  It  would  be 
necessary  to  have  a  new  form  of  tariff,  and  the  rateable  value  Hcale 
would  be  the  best  for  Rhyl  :  say  a  fixed  charge  of  15  per  <«nt.  on 
the  rateable  value  of  the  house,  and  I  id.  per  unit  used.  A  consumer 
willing  to  install  separate  wiring  could,  of  course,  be  charged  by  an 
additional  meter  at  1  Jd.,  but  in  that  case  it  would  be  advisable  to 
fix  a  minimum  consumption  per  quarter  of,  say,  250  units. 

Rlishden, — The  U.D.C.  on  .January  8tli  passed  plans  of 
electricity  works  which  are  to  be  erected  in  the  town. 

Salford. — The  T.C.  has  expressed  warm  appreciation 
of  the  assistance  of  neighbouring  authorities  at  the  time  of  the 
recent  disastrous  fire  at  the  electricity  works.  The  disaster,  said 
Councillor  Billington,  was  a  lesson  not  only  to  .Salford,  but  to 
electrical  undertakings  generally,  not  to  have  their  fggs  all  in  one 
basket.  The  Corporation  had  received  an  order  from  the  fire 
insurance  people  for  £3,100  for  a  new  switchboard,  which  would 
be  placed  in  hand  at  once.  The  cause  of  the  occurrence  would  be 
investigated  as  soon  as  possible. 

The  T.C.  on  January  8th  decided  to  apply  for  a  loan  of  £750  for 
installing  electric  light  in  the  extensions  to  the  town  hall 
buildings. 

Scarboronjfb. — The  T.C.  has  appointed  a  special  sub- 
committee to  consider  the  question  of  the  Council's  right  to  pur- 
chase the  undertaking  of  the  electric  supply  company. 

Shrewsbury. — The  Lighting  Committee  contemplates 
that  extensions  will  need  to  be  made  at  the  electricity  works  in  the 
near  future. 

South  Africa. — According  to  Afri'cn)  Engineering,  in 
five  years  the  output  of  the  Electric  Department  of  the  Johannes- 
burg municipality  has  risen  from  nearly  81  million  units  to 
upwards  of  18:^  million  units.  The  cost  per  unit  sold  to-day  is 
2 ■r)66d.  In  1907-8  the  working  expenses  of  the  Tramways  Depart- 
ment for  almost  2  million  car-miles  came  to  £217.495,  or  27'02d. 
per  car-mile  ;  last  year  the  expenses  totalled  £285,706,  but  the 
mileage  had  increased  by  a  million,  making  the  cost  per  oar-mile 
23-08d. 

When  the  extension  of  the  Cape  Town  electricity  supply  to  Green 
Point  and  Sea  Point  was  decided  upon,  it  was  estimated  that  the 
consumers  would  require  about  5,580  16-c.P.  lamps.  The  demand 
has,  however,  already  amounted  to  over  7,000  lamps. 

Southampton. — Application  is  to  be  made  to  the  L.G.B. 

for  sanction  to  borrow  £3,000  for  mains.    Tenders  are  to  be  invited 
for  the  provision  of  a  balancer. 

Stirling:, — Owing  to  the  Parliamentary  regulation  restrict- 
ing it  from  supplying  current  outside  the  burgh  boundaries,  the 
Corporation  electricity  undertaking  is  losing  one  its  best  customers, 
viz.,  Messrs.  Robert  Walls  &  Sons,  Bpringkerse.  The  T.C.'s  loss, 
however,  is  the  Scottish  Central  Co.'s  gain,  and  as  it  is  now 
supplying  the  Forthbank  Carpet  Works,  it  is  ible  to  supply  the 
Kersemills  Works  which  are  within  its  area. 

Stretford. — During  the  past  eight  months  a  total  of 
1.395,779  units  have  been  sold.  This  is  an  increase  of  129,448,  com- 
pared with  an  increase  of  65,300  during  the  previous  year's 
working. 

Tollesbury. — An  electric  light  scheme  for  the  town  was 
explained  at  a  meeting  of  residents  on  January  6th  by  Mr.  H.  P. 
Girling,  M.IE.E.,  of  Maldon,  who  estimated  the  cost  of  plant, 
dynamos,  accumulators,  street  lamps,  &c.,  with  the  necessary  working 
capital,  at  £1.500.  'The  matter  is  to  be  fully  gone  into  at  the  annual 
parish  meeting  in  March. 

Tunbridg:e  Wells. —  Last  week  a  series  of  electrical 
cooking  demonstrations  was  held  at  the  Town  Hall,  the  lectures 
being  given  by  Mr.  Xorman  Miller,  on  the  "  Eclipse  "  stoves,  manu- 
factured by  the  Electrical  and  Ordnance  Accessories  Co.,  Ltd.  The 
opening  ceremony  was  performed  by  the  Mayoress  (.Mrs.  Silcock), 
and  the  lectures  and  demonstrations  throughout  the  week  were 
extremely  well  patronised.  Artistically  furnished  dining  and  bed- 
rooms, erected  at  the  end  of  the  Town  Hall  by  Messrs.  Waymarks, 
Ltd.,  were  wired  throughout  with  "Stannos"  by  the  Electrical  In- 
stallation Co.  (Mr.  J.  P.  Strange),  and  they  attracted  thousands  of 
visitors.  Jlr.  H.  A.  Stonham  gave  practical  demonstrations  with 
the  "Imperial  '  vacuum  cleaner.  At  the  close  of  the  demonstra- 
tions, on  Friday  night,  a  dinner,  which  was  entirely  cooked  by  elec- 
tricity in  the  ''Eclipse  "  stove,  was  served  to  a  dozen  or  fo  members 
of  the  Corporation  electricity  works  staff,  who  had  l^een  in  attend- 
ance at  the  hall  during  the  week.  In  the  absence  cf  Mr.  K.  N. 
Torpy  (the  borough  electrical  engineer),  Mr.  J.  Bemrose  occupied 
the  chair,  and  was  supported  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Hayden  and  Mr.  Norman 
Miller.  A  hint  was  given  that  it  was  quite  probable  that  further 
reductions  would  be  made  in  the  heating  and  cooking  charges, 
which  were  lowered  onlv  a  short  time  ago. 


100 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.  i,834,  jandaby  17, 1913, 


Venezuela. — The  Harbour  of  Caracas  is  to  be  the  object 
of  extensive  improvemcntB,  amon?  other  works  the  construction  of 
7  km.  of  quays  being  planned.  These  are  to  be  lit  by  electricity, 
which  will  also  supply  the  motive  power  for  numerous  cranes 
which  are  to  be  installed  there.  A  generating-  station  is  also  to  be 
oonEtrnct«d.  The  works  are  to  be  carried  out  by  the  municipality. 
—Elrk.  V.  Ma<rli. 

West  Hartlepool. — The  costs  connected  with  the  recent 
inquiries  int<:>  the  proposed  extension  of  the  electricity  under- 
taking totalled  £1,963,  and  for  this  sum  the  L.O.B.  has  sanctioned 
a  loan. 

Whitehaven. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  apply  to  the 
L.G.B.  for  a  loan  of  £l,.i65  for  electricity  purposes. 

York, — The  City  Council  has  passed  a  resolution  con- 
firming the  promotion  of  the  Bill  under  which  the  Corporation 
proposes  to  acquire  the  undertaking  of  the  York  Gas  Co.,  and  to 
aor|uire  lands  for  the  electricity  undertaking  and  for  other  purposes. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


.4astralia. — The  \'ictorian  Railways  .Standing  Committee 
has  reported  favourably  on  electric  tramway  extensions  in  South 
Melbourne,  Richmond,  Camberwell,  Hawthorn,  a:c.,  and  recommends 
that  the  required  authority  to  carry  out  the  work  should  be  vested 
in  a  trust  representing  these  Councils. 

Birmingham, — The  City  Tramways  Committee  contem- 
plates making  at  an  early  date  a  junction  between  Villa  Road  and 
the  main  Handsworth  line.  When  this  is  completed,  passengers 
will  be  able  to  ride  by  car  from  the  New  Inns  or  West  Bromwich, 
along  Villa  Road  to  Aston,  without  going  into  the  city. 

Canary  Islands. — "Work  is  shortly  to  be  commenced  at 
.  Las  Palmas  in  the  Canary  Isles,  on  the  new  electric  tramway  in  the 
San  Jose  quarter  of  that  town,  to  join  up  the  San  Francisco  road, 
the  Verduga  bridge  and  the  Obispo  Codina. 

Colne. — The  T.C.  last  week  formally  confirmed  the 
promotion  of  the  Colne  Corporation  Bill,  which  includes  pro- 
vision for  the  taking  over  of  the  Colne  and  Trawden  Light  Rail- 
way undertaking,  and  the  extension  of  the  electric  lighting  area. 

Continental  Notes. — Au.-<tria. — According  to  a  recent 
utterance  of  the  Minister  of  Railways,  the  delay  in  the  electrifica- 
tion of  the  Vienna  municipal  railway  and  in  the  building  of  the 
underground  express  line  is  owing,  firstly,  to  the  time  needed  for  the 
preparation  of  the  plans  ;  secondly,  the  condition  of  the  money 
market  and  the  political  situation  have  been  causes  of  some  delay. 
The  plans  have  now.  however,  been  completed,  and  the  improve- 
ment in  the  financial  and  political  situations  gives  ground  for 
believing  that  the  two  groups  who  have  the  schemes  in  hand  will 
shortly  proceed  to  their  realisation. — Zfit.  dis  OeM.  Ing.  und  A.V. 

Bosnia. — Plans  are  being  prepared  in  respect  of  a  projected 
electric  tramway  between  Sarajevo  and  Ilidze. 

Italy. — The  municipal  authorities  of  Milan,  following  the 
example  of  great  cities  in  other  parts  of  the  world,  are  contem- 
plating the  introduction  of  an  electric  underground  railway  which 
they  propose  to  achieve  by  means  of  a  building  and  working 
concession  for  a  term  of  years.  The  narrowness  of  the  streets  in 
the  inner  parts  of  the  city  prevents,  it  seems,  the  establishment  of  an 
ordinary  tramway,  while  the  congestion  of.  population  and  traflic 
render  additional  means  of  locomotion  a  necessity.  The  nature  of 
the  snb-soU  of  the  city  does  not  lend  itself  so  well  as  elsewhere  to 
the  construction  of  an  underground  line  on  which  account  con- 
struction by  stages  is  favoured.  Contractors  contemplating  sub- 
mitting schemes  must  do  so  during  the  month  of  March,  and 
additional  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  the  Officio  Technico  di 
Municipio  de  Milan. 

Spaix. — La  Sociedad  de  Tranvias  Electricoa  de  Granada  has 
applied  for  a  concession  for  a  projected  electric  tramway  between 
Granada  and  Santa  Fe. 

East  Ham. — A  communication  has  been  received  from 
the  Postmaeter-General  stating  that  he  was  prepared  to  erect  in- 
sulated wires  wherever  the  wires  of  his  department  crossed  the 
Council's  trolley  wires,  thereby  relieving  the  Council  of  the 
necessity  to  erect  guard  wires,  providing  it  would  agree  to  pay 
half  the  cost.  A  reply  is  to  be  sent  that  the  Council  cannot  comply 
with  this  request. 

GlasiTOM. — Since  the  beginning  of  the  Tramway  Depart- 
ment's financial  year  on  June  1st  there  have  been  181,113,000 
passengers,  against  1.56,1)07,780  in  the  corresponding  period  of 
15)11-12,  an  increase  of  24,505,220,  while  the  drawings  have  been 
£.592,372,  as  compared  with  £59t),&;.^,a  <i«rei«<e  of  £4,503. 

Hadderstield. — 'J'he  financial  statement  of  the  torough 
treasurer  reepecting  the  Corporation  tramways  for  the  nine  months 
ended  December  31st.  1912,  states  that  the  capital  outlay  to  date  is 
£416,985.  The  miles  run  were  1,780,'>22,  compared  with  1.687,5'jh 
for  the  corresponding  period  of  the  previous  year.  The  income 
amounted  to  £»2,443,  or  ll'lld.  per  car-mile,  compared  with 
£80,2.53,  or  11  4 Id.  The  totfti  working  expenditure  wae  £49,006,  or 
'VCld.,   compared  with   £44,311.    or    (>"30d.      Interest   on    capita^ 


absorbs  £9,873,  and  redemption  of  debt,  £7,620,  leaving  a  surplus  of 
£1.5,894,  or  2'14d.,  oompared  with  £18,476,  or  2-62d.  After  pro- 
vision is  made  for  depreciation  at  3  per  cent.,  there  is  a  net  surplus 
of  £6,512,  or  '8 7d.  oompared  with  £9,191,  or  r30d.  The  balance 
brought  forward  on  the  reserve  or  renewals  account  was  £13,2.53, 
and  interest  on  investments  amounted  to  £262,  while  the  transfer 
for  the  nine  months  (depreciation)  amounted  to  £9,382,  making  a 
total  of  £22,897.  The  payments  totalled  £8,034,  leaving  the  fund 
at  £14,863. 

Hull. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  had  under  con- 
sideration a  report  from  the  city  engineer  regarding  new  tramways 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Paragon  station,  and  has  agreed  to 
recommend  the  carrying  out  of  certain  work  in  connection  with 
the  proposal,  with  the  consent  of  the  B.  of  T.  and  N.E.  Railway  Co. 

Leeds. — The  attitude  of  several  of  the  local  authorities 
affected  by  the  proposed  tramway  extensions  of  the  Corporation 
has  been  under  consideration.  Objections  were  raised  to  the  intro- 
duction of  railless  traction  in  Wharfedale.  After  a  meeting  between 
the  representatives  of  the  Drighlington  R.D.C.  and  the  Tramways 
Committee,  terms  were  suggested  which  it  is  believed  will  i>e 
acceptable  to  the  various  CouncUs  and  the  Leeds  Corporation.  The 
Committee  recommends  that  the  Parliamentary  Committee  should 
abandon  the  application  for  powers  to  extend  the  system  to  Ilkley 
Cl)eyond  Burley)  and  to  Calverley  and  Farsley, 

Liverpool. — On  the  proceedings  of  the  Tramways  and 
Electricity  Committee  at  the  Council  meeting  on  January  8th, 
Councillor  Miller  moved  that  application  1^  made  to  the  B.  of  T. 
for  a  provisional  order  authorising  the  construction  of  a  tramway 
line  connecting  Aigburth  Road  with  Princes  Road,  rin  Belvidere 
Road  and  Devonshire  Road.  Pursuant  to  standing  orders,  this 
motion  was  formally  referred  without  debate  to  the  Committee  for 
consideration  and  report. 

London. — Ham.mersmith.— Petitions  are  to  be  presented 
against  the  London  Electric  Railway  Bill  and  the  Central  London 
Railway  Bill  for  the  preservation  and  protection  of  the  interests  of 
the  borough.  Both  Bills  seek  power  to  ac(iuire  and  interfere  with 
property  belonging  to  the  Council,  while  in  the  former  Bill  the 
rateable  value  of  the  property  in  the  borough  which  the  company 
seeks  to  acquire  is  £10,754,  of  which  £7,631  represents  property 
which  will  necessarily  be  disturbed  along  the  line  of  the  proposed 
railway.  A  deputation  is  to  wait  upon  the  L.C.C  to  urge  the 
necessity  for  arrangements  being  made  for  the  early  reconstruction 
of  the  tramway  track  in  King  Street  and  Goldhawk  Road. 

Lewisham. — With  the  view  of  saving,  aa  far  as  possible,  expense 
in  the  matter  of  opposition,  the  L.C.C.  is  to  be  asked  to  take  the 
necessary  steps  for  withdrawing  its  proposals  to  run  railless  trolley 
vehicles  on  certain  routes  in  the  borough,  from  the  Bill  to  be  con- 
sidered in  the  next  session  of  Parliament. 

llfe\boroog;b. — The  Mexborough  and  Swinton  Tramways 
Co.  has  deposited  a  Bill  for  introduction  into  Parliament  next  session 
for  powers  to  provide  and  work  railless  trolley  vehicles  in  con- 
nection with  its  existing  tramway  system.  The  five  routes  proposed 
to  be  authorised  will  pass  into  or  through  Conisboro'  and  the  rural 
district  of  Doncaster. 

Sheffield. — During  the  severe  snowstorms  of  the  week 
end,  a  telephone  wire  over  one  of  the  tramway  routes  broke  and  fell 
across  the  trolley  wires  and  into  the  road.  Two  cab  horses  which 
came  into  contact  with  the  wire,  were  instantly  killed,  while  the 
drivers  jumping  on  to  the  snow,  received  severe  shocks,  owing 
apparently  to  the  immediate  area  being  electrically  alive.  Two  men 
who  went  to  assist,  shared  the  same  fate,  and  were  badly  burned, 
but  all  were  eventually  rescued  by  two  other  men,  who  adopted 
the  expedient  of  walking  on  a  coat  layed  on  the  snow  in  the  danger 
zone.  At  Blackpool  a  somewhat  similar  occurrence  took  place, 
but  with  less  serious  consequences,  two  men  receiving  shocks, 
while  at  Blaydon  a  displaced  overhead  wire  (not  used  for  traction 
purposes)  caused  the  death  of  a  horse,  and  shock  to  its  rider. 

Shoreham-by-Sea, — At  a  meeting  of  the  IT.D.C.  on 
January  7th,  a  letter  was  read  from  the  B.E.T.  Co.  suggesting  that 
the  Council  should  acquire  the  tramway  powers  in  the  district.  It  was 
decided  to  take  no  action  in  the  matter. 

Sonth  Lancashire. — At  a  meeting  of  the  employees  of 
the  South  Lancashire  Tramways  Co.  held  last  week,  it  was  unani- 
mously decided  to  tender  notices  to  cease  work  in  order  to  secure 
higher  pay  and  improved  working  conditions.  The  terms  offered 
by  the  company  were  considered  unsatisfactory,  and  were  rejected. 
An  application  has  been  placed  before  the  Executive  Council  of  the 
Tramwaymen's  Association  for  leave  to  cease  work  on  the  24th  inst. 
l>ending  a  settlement  of  the  men's  grievances. 

Stockport. — At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C.  last  week, 
Aid.  Sharpies  said  the  Tramways  Committee  had  not  yet  been  able  to 
get  delivery  of  the  trackless  cars  required.  One  which  had  been 
received  had  required  alteration  as  to  height  to  make  it  suitable  for 
the  route.  The  cars  would  probably  be  running,  however,  before 
the  end  of  the  present  month. 

Torquay. — The  figures  of  last  year's  tramway  traffic 
show  large  increases  compared  with  those  for  1911.  The  com- 
parative totals  of  the  passengers  carried  were  as  follows:  1912, 
4,207,619  ;  1911,3,694,317,  an  increase  of  613,302.  Receipts  :  1912, 
£28,111;  1911,  £22,634,  increase,  £6,477.  Car- miles :  1912, 
627,479:  1911,494,468:  increase,  133.011.  The  cars  cover  eight 
difforent  route?. 


Vol.72.   No.  1,881, jANDAHvir,i'..i3.)      THK    ELECTRICAL    RKVIKW. 


10) 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Aastralla. — The   litigation     between   the    Marconi   Co. 

and  the  Commonwealth  Ooverninent  proceeds  by  slow  Bta^es. 
Some  time  i^o  tht'  compiiny  renewed  its  application  to  the  Courts 
for  un  order  for  iMspeotion  of  the  wirclefs  plant  installed  by  the 
Federal  (Jovernnicnt,  without  sucoess.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
Government  recently  acked  the  Court  to  direct  that  further 
particulars  of  the  alleged  infrinffements  should  be  supplied  by  the 
company,  and  this  application  was  also  refused.  The  actual 
hearinf;  of  the  case  has  not  yet  appeared  in  the  Australian  papers 
received  in  this  country. 

The  Commonwealth  litrhthouae  expert,  Coinmaudcr  Brewis,  says 
the  Aiiftrtilitin  Miiiini/  Stutidavil,  has  advised  the  Minister  of 
Customs  to  install  wireless  telef;rapby  in  all  lighthouses  that  are 
not  provided  with  telephone  communication. 

Cierman  Wireless  Patent  Itights. —  fn  the  nullity  suit 

against  one  of  the  chief  patents  owned  by  the  V.  Lorenz  Aktien- 
Gcsellschaft,  of  Berlin,  relatintj  to  the  creation  of  undamped  elec- 
tric oscillations  by  means  of  an  arc  bumiDfir  in  a  hydrogen  atmo- 
sphere, the  Court  of  First  Instance  declared  the  patent  void  in  all 
but  what  relates  to  a  sub-claiin.  The  Imperial  Court,  however,  in 
its  verdict  of  November  9th  last,  upheld  the  essential  portions  of 
the  patent,  and  only  declared  one  claim  void,  because  the  claimant, 
V.  Poulsen,  had  obtained  a  Danish  patent  only  a  few  days  before 
Germany  entered  the  International  Patent  Union.  The  voided 
claim  related  to  the  arrangement  of  the  arc  in  a  hydrogen  atmo- 
sphere. The  arrangement  of  the  arc  in  a  closed  chamber,  the 
cooling  of  the  electrodes,  and  the  use  of  rotation  and  a  magnetic 
field,  were  upheld  to  the  fullest  extent  by  the  Imperial  Court. — E.  T.Z. 

The  Imperial  Wireless   System.— On  January   Gth, 

the  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  resumed  the  inquiry 
into  the  Marconi  agreement,  continuing  the  examination  of  Mr. 
Gandil,  who  stated  that  he  sent  in  the  tender  of  January  llth, 
I'.na,  to  the  Postmaster-General  entirely  on  his  own  responsibility. 
On  June  7th,  he  applied  for  permission  for  the  Poulsen  Co.  to  be 
represented  at  the  International  Radio-Telegraph  Conference, 
Signer  Marconi  having  been  permitted  to  attend,  but  it  was  refused. 
It  would  have  been  of  great  importance  to  his  company  for  him 
to  meet  the  foreign  delegates.  In  January,  1912,  there  was  no 
British  company  or  capital  for  working  the  Poulsen  patents.  He 
did  not  agree  that  he  could  not  have  got  financial  assistance  to  put 
up  trial  stations,  unless  he  got  a  conditional  contract  with  the 
Government.  He  admitted  that  a  delay  of  12  months  would 
probably  have  been  incurred  in  erecting  the  trial  stations.  The 
Marconi  Co.,  he  said,  had  not  yet  communicated  2,000  miles  overland. 

Mr.  R.  H.  Eggar,  solicitor  to  the  owners  of  the  Poulsen  system, 
stated  that  the  Poulsen  patent  rights  for  the  United  States  remained 
vested  in  the  inventors  ;  those  for  the  British  Empire  were  owned 
by  the  Amalgamated  Radio-Telegraph  Co..  Ltd.,  which  also  had  the 
right  to  all  improvements  made  by  the  owners  at  any  time  of  the 
United  States  patents.  The  rights  for  all  other  countries  belonged 
to  the  Continental  Syndicate,  but  the  Amalgamated  Co.  had 
the  right  to  oversea  communication  with  and  between  all  foreign 
countries  other  than  the  German  Empire.  In  1911,  Mr.  Gandil  was 
forming  a  British  company,  but  was  unable  to  obtain  an  assurance 
from  the  Postmaster-General  that  his  company  would  be  allowed 
to  tender  for  the  contract ;  if  Canada  had  taken  part  in 
the  contract,  it  would  have  been  impossible  to  obtain  a  licence  for 
a  trans-Atlantic  service  competing  with  the  Imperial  system.  The 
licences  held  by  the  company  expired  in  1909,  and  the  Postmaster- 
General  would  not  grant  others  until  a  British  company  was  formed, 
but  this  was  found  to  be  impracticable.  It  had  been  shown  in  the 
evidence  that  Capt.  Loring  was  anxious  that  the  Marconi  Co.  should 
purchase  the  Poulsen  patents,  and  therefore  witness  suggested  that, 
when  the  Post  master- General  endeavoured  to  buy  these  patents  for 
the  whole  world,  he  was  acting  on  behalf  of  the  Marconi  Co.,  with 
a  view  to  the  Government  having  the  benefit  of  them  without  extra 
payment.  The  Poulsen  Co.  believed  that  any  information  given  to 
the  British  Government  got  into  the  hands  of  the  Marconi  Co.  He 
was  informed  by  Capt.  Loring  that  the  Department  would  not 
give  the  business  to  a  foreign  company  ;  he  must  first  form  a  British 
company.  He  suggested  that  Clause  3  was  inserted,  giving  the 
Marconi  Co.  a  five-year  monopoly,  in  order  to  make  the  Poulsen 
patents  worthies?,  so  that  they  could  be  bought  up  cheaply. 

On  the  8th  inst..  Mr.  Eggar  s  examination  was  resumed.  He 
said  that  the  owners  of  the  Poulsen  patents  were  preparing  copies 
of  their  agreements  with  the  American  Co.  for  circulation  to  the 
Committee.  The  German  purchasers  of  the  Poulsen  rights  were, 
like  the  American,  compelled  by  agreement  to  give  the  Danish 
inventors  the  benefit  of  any  improvements  they  might  make,  but 
the  English  company  were  under  no  such  obligation.  Mr.  Beach 
Thomson  came  over  to  acquire  the  Poulsen  rights  for  the  whole 
world,  but  was  too  late — the  English  syndicate  had  purchased 
them  ;  Mr.  Thomson  was  wrong  when  he  said  that  the  English 
■company  was  not  entitled  to  the  American  improvements.  If  the 
British  Government  had  entered  into  an  agreement  with  the 
Poulsen  Co.,  they  could  not  have  used  the  system  for  communicating 
with  Germany  or  the  United  States. 

On  the  9th  inst.,  Mr.  Eggar  was  further  examined.  He  said  the 
Post  Office  purchased  the  CuUercoats  station  because,  the  licence 
having  expired,  the  owner  (Mr.  Hage)  h%d  no  use  for  it.  In  May, 
1909,  the  Amalgamated  Radio-Telegraph  Co.  went  into  liquidation, 
and  Mr.  Hage  bought  the  station.    The  Poulsen  Co.  had  been  trying 


to  get  a  licence  for  tranii- Atlantic  oommanioation  ninoe  December, 
1909,  but  the  Pout  Office  rmjuired  them  fimt  to  form  a  I'.ritinh  cons- 
pany,  and  as  the  I'onl.  OSlce  would  not  iptnufy  the  terriin  of  the 
licence,  it  was  inipoHHibld  to  form  the  company.  The  Pout  Oltlix) 
did  not  givo  thcin  a  chauco. 

Sir  G.  ('.  Marks,  M.I'.,  recalled,  Htat4;il  that  eiglit  iirticloa  in  the 
apparatus coverexl  by  the  agreement  with  the  Marconi  Co.  werepropcr 
to  the  system,  but  15  were  not,  and  the  latter  need  not  have  bwn 
made  the  subject  of  a  contract.  Out  of  the  £CO,000  to  l>c  paid  for 
each  station,  £50,000  woa  for  things  not  properly  tx-longiog  to  th»- 
Marconi  system.  There  were  two  main  Marconi  patentt*,  one  of 
which  would  expire  in  li;  months.  This  was  practically  a  maitter 
patent.  The  contract  was  an  extraordinary  example  of  wrong- 
headednesB  on  the  part  of  the  advLiers  of  the  Government,  on  the 
agreement  of  September,  1909,  gave  the  PoBtmanter-General  the 
right  to  use  the  Marconi  inventions.  The  contract  would  close  the 
door  to  independent  invention.  There  were  plenty  of  experts  out- 
side the  company  who  could  do  the  work.  He  objected  to  the 
ratification  of  the  agreement.  The  foreign  patents  of  the  Marconi 
Co.  would  not  interfere  with  the  erection  of  any  of  the  six  stations. 
A  royalty  on  profits  was  the  proper  course  to  take. 

On  Monday  the  Committee  considered  a  draft  interim  report,  and 
the  Postmaster-General  was  invited  to  attend.  The  chairman  (.Sir 
Albert  Spicer)  stated  that  the  Committee  had  been  impressed  with  the 
great  urgency  of  the  matter  and  with  the  difficulties  connected 
with  the  technical  questions  ;  as  regarded  the  hearing  of  scientific 
evidence,  it  felt  itself  hardly  competent  to  deal  with  that  side  of 
the  question.  The  interim  report  was  to  the  effect  that  it  was  a 
matter  of  urgency  that  a  chain  of  Imperial  wireless  stations  thonld 
be  established  as  proposed  in  the  agreement  : 

"  They  therefore  recommend  that  steps  should  be  at  once  taken 
for  the  purchase  of  sites  for  wireless  stations  large  enough  for 
Marconi  installations  in  the  countries  or  places  mentioned. 

"  They  further  think  that,  with  respect  to  the  construction  and 
installation  of  such  wireless  stations,  one  of  two  solutions  must  be 
adopted — either  a  particular  company  must  be  selected,  and  their 
system  accepted,  or  else  the  Government  must  leave  themselves  fiee 
to  adopt  or  reject  from  time  to  time  any  system 

"  Whichever  solution  is  ultimately  recommended  by  the  Com- 
mittee, it  will  be  necessary  either  for  the  Committee  or  the  Govern- 
ment to  come  to  a  conclusion  as  to  the  technical  and  scientific  merits 
of  the  various  systems.  For  this  purpose,  the  Committee  believe 
that  the  best  result  could  be  reached  by  the  immediate  appointment 
of  a  highly  qualified  technical  committee,  similar  in  character  to 
the  Explosives  Committee.' 

Mr.  Samuel,  asked  for  his  opinion  on  the  draft  report,  said  the 
Government  would  at  once  act  on  the  suggestion  that  steps  should 
be  taken  to  select  the  sites  ;  but  as  the  contracting  company  would 
have  to  bear  the  whole  of  the  risk  of  failure  in  the  working  of  the 
stations,  and  would  therefore  have  to  be  given  a  voice  in  the 
choice  of  sites,  all  that  could  be  done  was  to  secure  options  on 
suitable  sites,  and  to  defer  the  actual  purchase  until  a  company  had 
secured  the  contract — if  there  was  to  be  a  contract.  Suitable  sites  on 
Crown  land  had  been  selected  in  England.  He  would  at  once  send 
out  the  Commission  to  Egypt,  and  two  months  ought  to  suffice  for 
the  selection  of  the  sites  in  England  and  Egypt  for  the  first  two 
stations,  which  ought  not  to  be  delayed  pending  the  choice  of  the 
more  distant  stations.  The  Admiralty  were  more  disinclined  than 
ever  to  undertake  the  erection  of  the  stations,  and  informed  him 
that  they  now  considered  themselves  not  in  a  position  to  do  so  at 
all.  The  Post  OfiBce  staff  was  not  qualified  to  undertake  the  work. 
There  was  a  danger  that  a  technical  committee,  unless  limited  in 
point  of  time  in  the  making  of  a  report,  would  increase 
the  delay.  It  would  not  be  proper  to  postpone  a 
decision  on  this  matter  until  the  foundations  were  com- 
pleted and  the  masts  erected,  as  had  been  suggested. 
The  experts  would  want  to  make  test?,  and.  on  the  point  of  arriving 
at  a  decision,  would  probably  find  some  other  system  for  which 
superiority  was  claimed,  and  therefore  they  should  be  asked  to  report 
by  a  fixed  date,  lest  the  investigation  should  be  indefinitely  pro- 
longed. He  suggested  that  Parliament  would  not  be  justified  in 
sanctioning  a  contract  with  any  ccmpany  whose  system  had  not 
been  submitted  to  practical  long-distance  tests.  The  question  was, 
therefore,  what  systems  were  in  a  position  to  undergo  adequate 
tests  within  a  short  period.  All  other  systems  must  be  ruled  out. 
whatever  their  theoretical  merits.  He  did  not  think  the  technical 
committee  would  go  in  person  to  San  Francisco  to  investigate  the 
Poulsen  system — they  would  send  representatives,  and  those  tests 
could  quite  well  be  made  without  a  technical  committee.  Tech- 
nical matters  were  not  the  only  considerations  to  be  taken  into 
account.  Would  it  be  in  the  interests  of  the  State  to  place  the 
contract  for  these  primarily  strategic  stations  in  the  hands  of  a 
foreign  company  .'  The  matter  could  not  be  disposed  of  by  refer- 
ence to  a  technical  committee — but  this  fact  was  not  pointed 
out  in  the  draft  report.  The  Government  attached  im- 
portance to  three  points  —  to  getting  the  stations  soon,  to 
having  stations  that  would  work  day  and  night,  and  to 
having  complete  freedom  to  change  the  system  for  a  better  oiu. 
The  efficiency  of  the  system  and  the  price  of  the  stations  were  of 
less  importance.  He  foresaw  the  greatest  ditficulties  in  selecting 
for  the  technical  committee  persons  who  were  independent  both  oi 
the  Government  and  of  the  various  wireless  systems,  but  who 
nevertheless  were  really  experts  in  wireless  telegraphy. 

Sir  G.  C.  Marks  was  then  further  examined,  and  criticised  the 
terms  of  the  contract,  alleging  that  the  price  was  extraordinarily 
unreasonable. 

On  Tuesday  the  Committee  revised  the  interim  report,  and  sub- 
mitted it  to  the  House  of  Commons,  expressing  the  desire  that  it 
should  be  endorsed  by  the  House,  pending  which  the  sittings  were 
suspended.    The  report  followed  the  lines  of  the  draft,  recommend- 


102 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVTEW.    [voi.  -2.  no.  1,834,  jancart  17,  1913. 


ing  that  a  highly  qualified  committee  of  eminent  scientific  experts 
should  be  appointed  to  report  within  three  months  on  the  merits  of 
the  respective  syftems.  On  Wednesday,  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
the  P.M.6.  stated  that  the  Government  would  immediately  give 
effect  to  the  Cjmmittee's  reconnnendations. 

In  reply  to  a  quection  in  the  House  of  Commons,  the  Postmaster- 
General  stated  that  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros,  it  Co.  did  not  tender  for 
long-distance  stations  on  the  Telefunken  system,  but  in  answer  to 
an  inquiry  they  stated  that  the  cost  would  be  £23,000  for  the 
equipment  of  a  single  simplex  station  in  England,  without  duplicate 
plant  and  without  automatic  reception.  It  was  not  on  a  basis 
comparable  with  that  adopted  for  the  stations  of  the  Imperial 
system. 

Me.xico. — The  construction  and  equipment  of  tbe  wireless 
station  at  Chapoltepec  has  now  been  completed.  The  plant  was 
supplied  by  the  Compagnie  Generate  Radiotelegrapliique,  and  is 
wholly  of  French  manufacture. — Jl^nte  Pratiqiii'  df  V  Elcctrieiti'. 

Norway. — The   investigations  of  tbe  Select  Committee 

appointed  by  the  House  of  Commons  into  the  English  Marconi  con- 
tract have  placed  the  bargain  of  the  Norwegian  Government  in  a 
new  light,  and  the  Director-General  of  the  Norwegian  State  Tele- 
graphs announces  that,  in  the  near  future,  he  will  put  before  the 
Storthing  all  the  particulars  regarding  the  Norwegian  Marconi 
contract. 

Peru. — Congress  is  considering  the  question  of  setting 
aside  a  credit  for  £17,750  for  the  installation  of  two  wireless  tele- 
graph stations.  One  is  to  be  situated  on  the  north  coa't  and  the 
other  on  the  south. 

The  Recent  Storms,  —  Numerous  interruptions  and 
delays  in  telegraphic  and  telephonic  communication  were  caused  by 
the  storms  of  snow  and  wind  which  raged  last  week  end,  especially 
in  the  North. 

Telephone  (all  Offices. — In  reply  to  a  question,  the 
Postmaster-General  stated  that  the  number  of  automatic  telephone 
call  boxes  in  London  at  the  end  of  March,  1912,  was  2,867.  The 
cash  collected  from  the  boxes  for  the  year  ending  March,  1912, 
was  £79,032.  The  difiFerence  between  the  cash  collected  and  the 
number  of  calls  registered  was  slight. 

Inderjrround  Teleirraph  Cables. — In  reply  to  a  depu- 
tation from  cities  in  the  North  of  Scotland,  the  Postmaster- General 
recently  stated  that  he  could  not  agree  to  the  extension  of  the 
underground  cable  system  to  Aberdeen  and  Dundee,  but  he  had  in 
contemplation  the  use  of  phantom  circuits  over  the  trunk  tele- 
phone wires,  and  the  adoption  of  wireless  telegraphy  to  prevent 
interruption  of  communication. 

I'nited  States. — The  six  naval  wireless  telegraph  stations 
in  Alaska— at  St.  Paul,  Dutch  Harbour,  Unalga,  Kodiak,  Cordova 
aud  Sitka — were  to  be  opened  for  commercial  business  on  Wednesday 
last. 

Wireless  on  Board  ship. — The  U.S.  prosecution  against 

the  captains  of  the  Xri  mi  dm  n  and  Hfn^yrcrfia/;,  who  were  charged 
with  violation  of  the  law  concerning  the  wireless  equipment  of 
vessels,  has  been  withdrawn.  The  companies  pleaded  that  they 
were  unable  to  comply  with  the  regulations,  owing  to  the  delay  of 
the  contractors  in  completing  the  orders  for  the  equipment.  Th^ 
Government  has,  therefore,  given  them  further  time  to  make  the 
installation. 


CONTRACTS   OPEN   and  CLOSED. 


OPEN 


Atherton. — January  2;>th.  One  e.h.t.  switchboard  and 
one  H.T.  switchboard  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "  OfBoial  Notices " 
December  27th 

Australia. — Victoria. — February  2l8t.  Four  1,500- 
KW.  rotary  converters,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.  See  "OfiBcial 
Notices  "  December  6th. 

Western  Australia.  —  February  19th.  Armoured  telegraph 
cable,  for  the  P.M.G.'b  department.  See  "  OflBcial  Notices"  January 
10th. 

Stdnf.v.— March  17th.    Motors  for  the  City  Corporation, 

Belifinm. — Lierre. — February  28th.  Tenders  are 
invited  for  a  concession  to  install  and  work  an  electric  lighting 
service.     Particulars,  Hotel  de  Ville,  Lierre. 

Birinin$rbain. — January  27th.  Stores  for  a  year  for  the 
Corporation  Tramways.     Mr.  A.  Baker,  manager. 

Bisphain-with-\orhreck. — January  18th.     One  oil  or 

gas  engine  direct  oonpled  to  a  100-KW.  dynamo,  for  the  U.D.C.  See 
■'  Official  Notices"  January  3rd. 

Canada. — January  24th.    Tlic  "Winnipeg  Board  of  Control 

requires  three  2,700-KW.  step-down  transformers.  Plans,  &c., 
Civic  Light  and  Power  Department,  Winnipeg.  Tenders  endorsed 
"  Tender  for  step-down  transformers." 

Febriary  13tb. ^Machines,  motors,  cranes,  kc,  for  Transcona 
Railway  shops.  Specifications,  forms  of  tender,  Mr  W.  J.  Press, 
ftnginter,  Ottawa 


February  10th.— One  1,.500-KW.  steam  turbine  and  generator  for 
the  City  of  Moose  Jaw,  Sask.     See  "  OBi  ial  Notices  "  Jaauary  10th. 

Chile.— September  10th.  Tenders  are  invited  for  the 
establishment  of  a  central  electric  station  and  the  distribution 
of  electrical  energy  at  the  pirt  of  Valparaiso.  Inquire  at  the  oBBces 
of  the  Chilean  Legation,  48,  Grosvenor  Square,  W. 

China. — January  30th.  High  and  low-tension  uud^r- 
ground  cable,  for  the  Shanghai  Municipal  Council.  See  "  Official 
Notices  '"  to-day. 

Clacton-on-Sea. — January  2l)th.  One  250-KW.  Diesel 
oil  engine,  generator,  switchboard,  *:c.,  for  the  U  D.C.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  January  10th. 

Eccles. — The  Electricity  Supply  Committee  has  invited 
tenders  for  the  erection  of  an  extension  to  the  present  boiler  house 
at  the  electricity  works,  Cawdor  Street,  Patricroft. 

Edinbarn:b, — January  20th.  Electric  light,  power,  tele- 
phone and  bell  installation  at  Boroughmuir  New  School.  Plans,  &o., 
at  office  of  Messrs.  Crawford  &  Cummins,  consulting  engineers, 
41,  George  Street,  Edinburgh. 

France. — Paris. — Tenders  will  shortly  be  invited  by  the 
Chemins-de-fer  de  I'Etat  for  260  electric  automobiles.  Particulars 
from  the  Bureau  de  I'Adminiatration,  Paris. 

Clasffow. — January  21st.  Two  G,000-Kw.  turbo-alter- 
nators, with  condensing  plant  and  accessories,  and  water-tnbe 
boilers,  for  the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices  "  January  3rd. 

Iloylake  and  West  Kirhy.  —  January  3i8t.  High- 
tension  single-phase  switchgear  (eight  panels)  and  one  50-k.v.a. 
single-phase  transformer,  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "Official  Notices" 
to-day. 

India. — January   24th.     Bombay,    Baroda  and   Central; 

India  Railway  invites  tenders   for   rotary  converter   plant.      See< 
"Official  Notices  "  January  lOth.  ; 

The  intention  of  the  Government  of  Mysore  to  establish  an  elec- 
tric tramway  system  in  Bangalore  will  Involve  the  placiug  of 
orders  for  the  necessary  material.  Further  particulars  from  the 
Chief  Electrical  Engineer  to  the  Mysore  (Government,  Bingalore,  or 
the  Indian  States  and  Eastern  Agency,  2.5,  Victoria  Street,  S.W. 

Llanelly. — January  20th.  Electric  light  installation 
at  Moriah  Church.  Messrs.  J.  &  B.  E.  Evans,  ai-chitects.  -17,  Stepney 
Street,  Llanelly. 

London. — Hammersmitu. — The  Electricity  Committee  is 
to  buy  new  cables  for  drawing  into  ducts  to  be  laid  from  Scrubbs 
Lane  to  Hythe  Road  (£700)  ;  and  is  also  to  invite  tenders  for 
annual  contracts  for  electrical  stores. 

Cambf.rwell.— January  2nth.  The  B.C.  is  inviting  tenders  for 
(/()  maintenance  of  private  telephones  at  the  Town  Hall  and  Grove 
Vale  depot  ;  and  (.<)  electric  lamps  for  a  period  of  one  or  three 
years,  at  option.  Specifications  and  forms  of  tender  from  Mr.  W. 
Oxtoby,  borough  engineer.  Town  Hall,  Camberwell,  S.E. 

February  4th. — The  Metropolitan  Water  Board  is  inviting  tenders 
for  Sec.  2.5,  electric  lamps  and  accessories,  for  one  year.  Specifica- 
tions and  forms  of  tender  from  the  Clerk  of  the  Board,  Savoy  Court, 
Strand,  W.C. 

L  C.C. — January  20th.  Electrical  installations  at  Camberwell 
School  of  Arts  (with  fire-alarm  bells  and  wiring  for  power  and 
electrical  clocks),  and  at  Vauxhall  Street  Elementary  School.  See 
"Official  Notices"  January  10th. 

January  2',Uh. — Electrical  installation  at  Cook's  Ground  Elemen- 
tary School,  Chelsea,  S.W.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

IKelson. —  February  3rd.  One  traction  battery,  onej 
automatic  reversible  booster  and  switchgear,  one  i)  c.  motor^l 
generator  and  switchgear,  for  the  Electricity  and  Tramways  Com-^ 
mittee.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  January  lOth. 

New  Zealand. — Announcements  of  the  following  open| 

contracts  appear  in  Tendiri  {Miintr'j  and  Engineering  lierieiv)  :  — 

February  6th. — Wellington  Electric  Tramways.  Supply  of  WeirJ 
pump,  steam  piping,  &c. 

February  18th. — Auckland  Harbour  Board.  Supply  of  switch- 
hoards,  kc.  for  wharf  lighting  and  power. 

.\uneaton. — .January  21st.  One  water-tube  boiler,  with 
valves,  fittings,  4:c.,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department. 
See  ''Official  Notices"  January  10th. 

Panama. — The  Acting  British  Consul  at  Colon  intimatf  s 
that  tenders  will  shortly  be  called  for  the  towers  and  equipment  fcr 
a  transmission  line  across  the  isthmus.  Owing  to  the  unfavour- 
able prices  in  the  States,  Britis-h  manufacturers  are  invited  to  com- 
pete.    Particulars,  Commercial  Intelligence  Branch,  B.  of  T. 

Plymouth. — January  23rd.     Stores  for  a  year,  for  the) 
Corporation    Electricity    and    Street  Lighting   Departments.     See 
"  Official  Notices"  January  3rd. 

Servia. — Bet.orade. —  Ordfts  will  be  shortly  given  out 
for  tbe  electric  light  and  power  plant,  electric  cranes  and  other 
equipment  required  for  the  new  port  projected  near  Prohova. 


Vol.72.  No.  1,834,. tandary  17, 191H.]      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


10:i 


SlM'fliehl. — .Innimry  23rfl.  (lencral  stores  for  tlie  City 
TramwiiyK  Dopartnicnt.     Soo  "  Offlcial  NoticoH"  .lanuary  .Srd. 

I''t)bruiiry  ">th. — Oencral  HtoreH  for  two  ycarH,  for  the  City  Elec- 
tricity Supply  Department.    See  ''  OlHciul  Notici^H  "  to-day. 

South  Africa. — February  Snl.  Cables,  trolley  wire, 
fittintfd,  poles,  converters,  Hwitch(fear,  kc,  for  the  Germiston 
municipal  trocklesH  trolley  scheme.  Spcoi6cation,  kc.  can  be  eeen 
at  the  Board  of  Trade  Commoroial  Intelligence  Department  in 
Tjondon. —  lionnl  af  Tradr  Jimnial^ 

Spain. — Jannary  30th.  The  municipal  authorities  of 
Ciillerbazu  (province  of  CJranada)  are  invitinfr  tenders  for  the 
concession  for  the  electric  liprhtinp  of  the  town  durinp  a  period  of 
six  years. 

Tenders  have  lately  l)een  invited  by  the  municipal  authorities  of 
San  Pedro  de  Torello  (province  of  Barcelona)  for  the  concession  for 
the  electric  lightinjf  of  the  town  durinp:  a  period  of  10  years. 

Uruicuay. — March  29th.  Five  electric  gantry  cranes 
for  Customs  warehouses  at  Monte  Video.  B.  of  T.  C.I.  Depart- 
ment in  London. 

West  flam,  —  January  24th.  Engine-room  store?, 
chemicals  and  A.c.  house-service  wattmeters,  for  the  Council's 
electricity  department.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  January  10th. 


CLOSED. 

Ashton-umler-Lyne. — The  Tramways  Committee  has 
accepted  the  following  tenders  : — 

United  Electric  Car  Co.,  Ltd.— Two  donble-deck  cars,  with  top  covers  and 

trucks. 
Siemens  Bros.— Two  complete  oar  equipments  and  spare  parts. 

Australia.  —  According    to     the     Australian     Minmg 
Standard,  the  following  contracts  have  been  placed  : — 
Melbourne. — P.M.G.'s  Department : — 

100,000  porcelain  insulators,  at  ajd.  each.— I.R.,  G.P.  and  T.  Works. 
9^,500,  at  2id.  each,  and  135,000,  at  5Jd.  each.- Dalgety  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Accordinfr   to    Tenders  CMiiiim/   and    Engineeritiq    Reriew),    the 
following  orders  have  been  given  out : — 
New  Plymouth  (N.Z.). — Borough  Council : — 
Supply  of  turbo-generator  set,  £1,351. — TurnbuU  &  Jones. 

Victoria. — City  of  Brunswick  : — 

Erection  of  main  station  and  three  sub-stations,  £373  and  £198  respectively. 

— Thomas  Coates. 
12  8.P.  transformers,  £791.— Noyes  Bros. 

Three  c.c.  transformers,  £391.— Australian  General  Electric  Co. 
Switchgear,  £538 ;  wires  and  cables,  certain  rates. — Noyes  Bros. 
Lamps,  £84.— Australian  General  Electric  Co. 
Street  fittings,  £565.— Warburton,  Pranki,  Ltd, 
200  meters,  £285. — Australian  Metal  Co. 

Tenders  also  gives  the  followine  list  of  accepted  tenders  for  the 
Jamestown  Municipality  (South  Australia)  : — 

Semi-Diesel  oil  engine  and  30-Kw.  Phcenix  generator,  £721 ;  spares  for 
generator,  £82 ;  booster,  £92;  consumers' meters,  £96;  street  brackets, 
£24;  erection  of  whole  plant,  £428. — Warbnrton,  Franki,  Ltd. 

Tudor  storage  battery,  size  V5,  £576 ;  aluminium  wire  and  cable,  £260.— 
Wm.  McLean  &  Co. 

Switchboard  equipment,  comprising  switches,  £34 ;  fuses,  £4  7s.  6d. ; 
switchboard  instruments,  £46  12s.  6d.;  service  fuses,  £12;  insulators 
and  bolts,  £20  15s.  8d. ;  testing  instruments,  £39  15s.— Noyes  Bros, 
Pty.,  Ltd. 

Supply  of  poles,  £287.— H.  Hyatt  &  Sons. 

An  Australian  exchange  states  that  the  Woods-Gilbert  Rail  Co., 
Ltd.,  Melbourne,  have  secured  a  contract  to  treat  the  corrugations 
and  worn  joints  throughout  the  Sydney  electric  tramway  system. 
The  work  will  take  about  12  months. 

Bradford. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Ferranti, 
Ltd.,  at  £305,  for  the  supply  and  delivery  of  switchgear  and 
accessories  required  in  connection  with  the  new  L500-KW.  rotary 
converter  about  to  be  erected  at  the  Valley  Road  works. 

Brighton. — The  B.  of  G.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  George  Virgo  &  Sons,  for  the  installation  of  an  electric  fire 
alarm  with  call  points  and  bells,  and  of  a  private  telephone  service 
at  the  Warren  Farm  Schools,  at  £70. 

Douglas  (Isle  of  Man). — The  T.C.  on  .January  Sth, 
accepted  the  tender  of  Mr.  Hanson  Perry  for  the  electric  light 
installation  at  the  Villa  Marina,  at  £.")13  ;  and  that  of  the  General 
Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  generating  plant,  at  £1,411. 

Dover, — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  J. 
Wright  &  Son.  of  Dover,  for  electric  wiring  at  St.  Martin's  School, 
at  £42.     Mr.  Pinto  tendered  at  £43  10s. 

Glasgow. — Messrs.  John  Bennie  &  Co.  have  secured  the 
contract  for  supplying  and  erecting  an  electric  hoist  at  Tradeston 
Gas  Works,  at  a  cost  of  £262. 

Reijrliley. — In  connection  with  the  extensions  of  the 
Corporation  electricity  works,  the  tender  has  been  accepted  of 
Messrs.  Willans  &  RoWnson,  Ltd..  at  £5,827,  for  a  2,000-KW.  turbo- 
alternator,  with  exciter  and  surface  condenser  (the  alternator  to  be 
made  by  Messrs.  Dick,  Kerr  *  Co.,  Ltd.). 


MuHselliuPKli, — McHsrs.  Vcnncr  &  Co.  have  received  an 
order  to  e(|uip  the  MueHelburgb  cam  with  f'hamlwrlaln  Sc  Hookham 
motors. 

IS'uiieaton. — The  T.C.  has  acwiptcd  the  tender  of  the 
British  WcHtlnghoiise  Klcctric  and  ,Manufa<;lurin(f  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a 
17-H,i".  motor  and  aixjcHHories,  at  £17. 

ilaniHbottom. — The  I'.D.C.,  on  .January  0th,  decided  to 

accept  the  tender  of  the  KailltHH  Kieetric  Traction  Co.,  Ltd..  for  the 
supply  of  four  cars,  and  that  of  Messrs.  Clongh,  Smith  ,t  f,'o..  of 
London,  for  the  overhead  electrical  «f)uipment.  It  is  proponed  to 
run  the  cars  from  Ilolcombe  Brook  to  Edenfield,  a  distance  of  about 
four  miles,  and  it  is  hoped  to  have  the  cars  running  in  about  four 
months. 

Itainsgate. — The  T.C.  has  sealed  a  contract  with  Messrs. 
Vitty  ,V:  Hopper,  Ltd.,  for  the  supply  and  hiaintenance  of  flre- 
caH  bells. 

Sunderland.— The  T.C.  last  week  approved  of  the 
following  contracts  on  behalf  of  the  Electricity  and  Lighting 
Committee  : — 

Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd. -Alternator  slip  rlngn. 

Electrical  Co.— k.h.t.  fuses. 

R.  O.  Heslop  &  Son.- Block  tin. 

W.  G.  Farrow  &  Co  — Bo.x  frames  and  covers. 

H.  Tomkinson  &  Sons.— Cast-iron  boiler  fittings. 

Babcock  &  Wilcox.— Babcock  fittings 

British  Insulated  &  Halsby  Cables,  Ltd.— House  service  boxes,  fuse  boxes. 

Wakefield. — The  tender  of  the  Victoria  Coal  and  Coke 
Co.,  Ltd ,  for  the  supply  of  coal  to  the  electricity  and  destructor 
works  for  1013,  has  been  accepted  by  the  Corporation. 

Walsall.— The  tendei-s  of  Callender's  Co.,  Lttl,  and  the 
British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  been  accepted  by  the  T.C. 
for  providing  and  laying  high-tension  mains  required  in  connection 
with  the  extension  to  the  Caldmore  district,  and  for  sub-station 
switchgear,  respectively. 

West  Bromwich. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
the  Electric  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  dynamo,  and  that  of  the 
National  Gas  Engine  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  gas  engine. 

Wolverhampton. — The  Electricity  Committee  of  the 
Corporation  has  purchased  three  coal -measuring  drums  from  Messrs. 
Babcock  &  Wilcox,  Ltd.,  at  a  cost  of  £105. 

Worcester. — The  City  Council  has  accepted  the  following 

tenders  ; — 

British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.— One  1,500-kw.  steam  turbo-alternator, 
exciter  and  Worthington  condenser  for  two-phase  supply,  £5,261 ; 
regulator  and  water  recorder,  £172,  lor  the  Hylton  Road  staiion. 

British  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.— Three  years'  supply  of  paper 
cables,  at  same  prices  as  hitherto. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers.  Friday,  January  17th.  At  8  p.m. 
Paper  on  "Indicators,"  by  Mr.  J.  u.  Stewart. 

Association  of  Mining  Electrical  Engineers  CWest  of  Scotland  Branch).— 

Saturday,  January  18th.     Meeting  at  4.30  p.m.     At  the   Royal  Technical 
College,  Glasgow. 

Salford  Technical  and  Engineering  Association.— Saturday.  Jannary  ISth' 
At  7  p.m.  At  ihe  Royal  Technical  Institute,  Balford.  Presidential  address 
by  Mr.  J,  Morris.    Musical  social  evening. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  'Newcastle  Sectionl.— Monday,  January 
20th.  At  7  30  p.m.  At  the  Armstrong  College,  Newcastle.  Paper  on 
"Electric  Resistance  Welding,"  by  Mr.  P.  Bucber. 

Tuesday,  Jauiary  2l6t.  At  7.30  p.m.  At  the  Lit.  and  Phil.,  Middles- 
brough.   The  above  paper  will  be  read. 

(Manchester  Students'  Section'.— Tuesday,  January  Slst.  At  7.S0 
p.m.  At  the  Municipal  school  of  Technology,  Manchester.  Paper  on 
"  Street  Photometry,"  by  Mr.  S.  E.  W.  Taylor. 

(London).— Thursday,  January  23rd.  At  8  p.m.  Paper  on  "The  Use  of 
a  Large  Lighting  Battery  in  Connection  with  Central  Station  Supply,"  by 
Mr.  F.  H.  Whysall. 

Royal  Society  of  Arts.— Monday,  January  20th.  At  8  p.m.  Cantor  lecture 
on  "  Liquid  Fuel,"  by  Prof.  V.  B.  Lewes.    (Lecture  1.1 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers.- Tuesday,  January  21st.  At  8  p.m.  At  the 
Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers.  Paper  on  "The  London  and  fc'onth- 
Western  «nd  Metropolitan  Dis'rict  Railways'  Widening  between  Acton 
Lane  and  Galena  Road,"  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Ogilvie. 

British  Electrical  and  Allied  Manufacturers'  Association.  Fridar, 
January  2lth.     At  7  for  7.U0  p.m.     At  tne  Savoy  Hotel.    Dinner. 

Royal  Institution.— Friday,  January  24th.  At  9  p.m.  Discourse  on  "  Recent 
Advances  in  Scientific  Steel  Metallurgy,"  by  Pro/.  J.  O.  Arnold. 

Physical  Society.— Friday,  January  •24th.  At  5  p.m.  At  the  Imperial  College 
of  Science,  South  Kensington.  Papers  on  "The  Electrical  Conductivity 
and  Fluidity  of  Strong  Solutions,"  by  Mr.  W.  8.  Tucker;  "The  Resistance 
of  Electrolytes,'  by  Messrs.  S.  W.  J.  Smith  and  H.  Moss:  and  "Th" 
Recaletoence  of  Iron  Carbide, "  by  Messrs.  8.  W,  J.  Smith  and  J.  Guild. 

Junior  Institution  of  Engineers.— Saturday,  January  2sth.  At  ii  a.m. 
Visit  to  the  Houses  of  Parliament  for  inspection  of  heating,  ventilation,  ic. 


Will. — It  is  Stated  in  the  Times  that  the  late  Mr.  Edward 
Tyer,  inventor  of  electric  appliances  for  railway  signalling,  whose 
death  was  recently  announced,  left  estate  valued  at  £20,400  gross, 
with  net  personalty  £lij,769. 


104 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.  72.  No  1,834,  jandaby  17, 1913. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Offloei— Ludt.-Coi..  H.  M.  I.eaj-. 

The  followinc:  ordere  have  been  isBDed  for  the  current  week  : — 

Monday,  January  "iOtti  — "A"  Company.     Becruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Tuesday,  Janimry  '21st.— "B"  Company,     Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Tbarsday,  January  2Srd.— "C"  Company.    Company  (raining,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Friday,  January  24th.— "D"  Company.  Eecruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Saturday.  January  25th.— "A"  Ccmpany.  Week  end  run  at  FortCoalhoui-e. 
DrChs; — Service  dress,  putties  and  greatcoats.  No  arms  or  equipment 
will  he  taken.  Parade  at  Fenchurch  Street  Station,  Midland,  London 
and  Tilbury  section,  at  3  p.ni ,  for  Low  Street  Station, 

Headquarters  will  be  opened  (or  regimental   business  from  10  a.m. 
till  12  noon. 

(Signed)        P.  H.  Caupbkul,  Capt.  R.G.,  and  Adjt., 

For  Officer  commanding  L.E.E. 


The  British  Governmeut  and    British   tirius.— A 

correspondent  in  Shanghai  writes  protestintr  vigorouBly  aeainat  the 
treatment  accorded  to  British  firms  by  the  Office  of  Works  in  con- 
nection with  the  heatinf;  and  electric  lipfhtinir  of  the  Pekin  Legation. 
In  the  first  instance,  it  was  stated  that  only  British  firms  were  to  be 
allowed  to  tender  for  the  work  :  but  on  the  outbreak  of  the  recent 
disturbances  in  China  all  those  who  had  made  offers  were  informed 
that  the  work  could  not  be  proceeded  with.  Shortly  afterwards 
our  correspondent  returned  to  London,  and  called  at  the  Office  of 
Works,  when  the  chief  eugineer  definitely  stated  that  fresh  tenders 
were  to  be  called  for  later  on.  The  end  of  the  matter  was  that  no 
fresh  tenders  were  invited,  and  the  work  was  given  to  a  Oerman 
firm  trading  under  an  English  name  in  Shanghai.  Our  corres- 
pondent ironically  states  that  this  will  give  us  an  idea  how  the 
British  Government  assists  its  nationals  and  upholds  British 
prestige  in  China. 

East    London    Railway    Electrification.  —  Messrs. 

Johnson  A:  Phillips  inform  us  that  they  are  carrying  out  certain  cable 
work  in  connection  with  the  above  line.  The.se  cables  are  being 
laid  between  the  existing  Whitechapel  sub-station  on  the  District 
Railway  and  a  new  sub-station  at  Deptford  ;  they  are  made  for 
1 1,000  volts  working  pressure,  three-pha-se,  and  are  paper-insulated, 
lead-covered  and  double-wire  armoured.      The  wire  armouring  is 


NOTES. 
Nelbourne    Railway    Electriticatign    Contracts. — 

We  understand  that  contracts  have  been  placed  with  the  following 
firms  in  connection  with  the  Melbourne  Railways  electrification  :  — 

Boilers  and  buildings  :  Babcock  iVc  Wilcox,  Ltd. 

Turbo-alternators  :  C.  A.   Parsons  i;  Co. 

Electrical  equipment  of  rolling  stock  :  British  Thomson-Houston 
Co.,  Ltd. 

Sub-station  machinery  :  Siemens  Bros. 

.VppointinentS  Vacant. — .\ssistant  electrical  and  mecha- 
nical engineer,  for  an  English  electricity  supply  undertaking  in 
China  ;  charge  engineer,  for  the  City  Electricity  Departnient,  York 
(£91)  ;  junior  assistant  engineers,  for  the  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  (10s.).  See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this 
issue. 

Educational    Xotes. — Citv  and  Guilds    TechiMcal 

CoLLEGK,  Fi.NsnuRY.  E.C. — A  course  of  six  advanced  lectures  on 
"Induction  Motors'  will  be  given  by  Mr.  J.  K.  CattersonSmith, 
on  Mondays,  commencing  on  .lanuary  27th.  See  our  advertisement 
pages  in  this  issue. 

Blackburn  E.vtensions. — ( )n  Friday  next,  January  2  1th, 
the  new  generating  plant  at  the  Corporation  electricity  works, 
Jubilee  Street,  will  be  started  up  by  the  Mayor. 

iDstitation    and    Lecture    Xotes. — Institution    ok 

Electrical  Engineees  (Newcastle  Local  Section). — The 
preliminary  programme  of  this  Section  shows  the  following  as  the 
subjects  for  the  next  few  months  : — 

February  lOth.—"  The  Need  (or  an  Authority  to  test  and  certify  Electric »! 
Apparatus  and  Materials,"  by  C.  Tarnbull. 

March  lOtb.— "Electrical  Equipment  of  a  foreign-built  Battleship,"  by 
Q.O.  Mallinson. 

March  3l6t.— "Telephonic  Development,"  by  J.  R.  Andrews. 

April  21st.— "Notes  on  Gas  Kngines,"  by  A.  P.  Pyne. 

On  Monday,  27th  inst.,  the  Students'  Section  will  meet  in  the 
Armstrong  College  to  hear  a  paper  by  Mr.  S.  1.  Ellis,  on  "  The 
Application  of  Electricity  to  the  Lighting  of  Residences.  Busine.^s 
Premises  and  Factories." 

Saltoki)  Technical  and  En(;ineeuin(;  Association. — We 
have  received  a  copy  of  the  l'J13  syllabus  of  this  Association,  whose 
meetings  are  held  monthly  at  the  Royal  Technical  Institute,  Peel 
Park,  at  7  p.m.  To-morrow  night  Mr.  John  Morris  will  deliver  his 
presidential  address,  and  later  arrangements  include  "\\'ireless 
Telegraphy,"  by  Mr.  J.  McKeever,  on  March  1st;  "Modern  Gas 
Engines,"  by  Air.  K.  Cox,  on  April  ."jth  ;  and  a  visit  to  the  works  of 
Messrs.  E.  Green  it  Son,  Ltd.,  at  Wakefield,  on  May  3rd.  Whitsun 
week  will  be  spent  in  touring  Wales,  and  visits  to  works  have  been 
arranged  for  the  summer  months.  Mr.  A.  II.  L.  Lucas,  ;•, 
Ellastone  Road,  Pendleton,  is  hon.  secretary  to  the  Afsociation. 

.InNiOR  iKSTiTfTiON  01'  EscJiNEEKS. — At  a  recent  meeting, 
Capt.  H.  Riall  Sankey  gave  the  hon.  member's  lecture,  taking  for 
his  subject  the  "Hot-Panel  and  Hot- Floor-Border  System  of  Heating." 
in  which  the  dominant  feature  is  the  use  of  radiant  heat  rather  than 
the  heating  of  the  air. 

The  Conchete  I.nstitlte.  The  total  membership  of  the  Insti- 
tute is  now  ;•."..").  When  the  membership  reaches  I.OOl),  an  entrance 
fee.  which  at  present  is  not  required,  will  be  imposed. 

I.vsTniTioN  or  Ei.EiTuicAL  Eni;ineekk  (.M.vmiii;sti.u 
.Sf.CTION).-  a  meeting  of  the  Section  was  held  on  Tuesday,  when  a 
paper  wa«  read  by  Mr.  F.  C.  Aldous  on  "Starting  and  Speed 
Control  of  Induction  Motors."  A  discussion  followed,  and  was 
replied  to  by  the  author. 

Institution  ok  Electrical  Engineers  (Yorkshire  Sec- 
tion) —  A  lecture  was  given  by  Mr.  W.  A.  Dexter  on  "Comparative 
Notes  on  Independent  Steam  Condensing  Plants"'  on  Wednesday 
ast,  and  was  followed  bv  a  discussion. 

iNbTITTTION         OF       POST      OFFICE      ELECTRICAL       ENGINEERS 

London  Centbe). — On  January  1  .'^th  a  paper  was  read  on  "The 
Blectrophone  i^ervice,"  by  Mr.  J.  H.  I'attman,  A.M.I.E.E. 


specially  protected  against  corrosion  by  being  passed  through  a 
bath  of  compound,  and  then  covered  with  a  substantial  compound 
impregnated  tape.  Two  cables  are  being  laid  on  hangers,  one  on 
each  side  of  the  tunnel,  and  this  work  is  being  carried  out  at  night, 
as  illustrated  herewith,  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  the  normal 
working  of  the  trains.  The  cables  are  to  be  tested  at  20,000  volts 
when  laid  and  jointed. 

Enfflish-niade    Motor   Spirit. — The  current  issue  of 

The  JMiir  points  out  that  while  an  excellent  Diesel-type  engine 
fuel  and  a  high-grade  motor  spirit  are  now  being  made  as  com- 
mercial propositions  in  this  country,  the  all-important  question  is 
whether  a  process  can  be  found  which  will  enable  the  production 
of  internal-combustion  engine  fuel  to  be  carried  on  successfully  on 
a  really  large  scale  in  this  country,  so  rendering  us  independent  of 
imported  fuel.  Through  the  instrumentality  of  T/ir  Mutoi\  the 
three  great  motor  organisations  have  co-operated  to  constitute  a 
Committee  of  Inquiry  into  the  possibilities  of  benzol  production 
for  motor  spirit  in  this  country.  There  will  be  three  delegates 
from  each  of  the  organisations,  and  £1,000  is  provided  to  pay  a 
secretary  and  start  the  work  of  collating  data.  The  work  is  to  be 
undertaken  without  delay. 

Business     .innounceiuents. — .Since    our     "  Business 

Notice"  pages  wont  to  press,  we  have  received  the  following:  — 
The  Pbn.nix  Electric  Heating  Co.,  17,  Morwell  Street,  Tottenham 
Court  Road,  W.C  .  have  acquired  the  goodwill,  stock  and  plant  of 
Messrs.  Plumstead  A;  Co.,  brass  finishers  and  electrical  fittings 
manufacturers,  together  with  the  services  of  Mr.  F.  Plumstead, 
whose  experience  extends  over  a  period  of  more  than  30  years. 
Telephone  number  "  Gerrard  89.^9." 

The  Steam  Electric  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.,  47,  Victoria  Street,  London, 
S.W.,  have  issued  some  new  illustrated  price  lists  of  their 
Leuconium  metal-filament  lam]>s.  These  lamps  arc  now  made  and 
sold  under  licence  from  the  Osram  Lamp  Works,  Ltd.,  the  Steam 
Ci.  having  joined  the  ring. 

The  Electric  and  Ordnance  Accessories  Co.,  Ltd  ,  of  .Aston, 
Birmingham,  advise  us  that  their  agency  agreement  with  Messrs. 
Baxter  \  Gaunter,  Ltd.,  of  219.  Tottenham  Court  Road.  W.C, 
terminated  on  December  31st,  1912,  and  that  as  from  January  Ist, 
1913,  all  business  in  the  company's  electrical  manufactures  in  the 
London  district  will  be  handled  at  the  London  Office  Electrical 
Department,  at  Vickers  House,  Broadway,  Westminster,  S.W.,  to 
which  address  all  inquiries  and  other  communications  should  be 
addressed.  Mr.  C.  S.  Thomson,  M.Sc,  M.I.E.E  ,  is  in  charge  of  the 
Electrical  Department  at  Vickers  House,  and  has  a  staff  of  qualified 
engineers  under  him.  llis  telephone  number  is  lollO  Gerrard 
( 1 0  lines). 


Vol.72.  No.  1,884, jandabt  17, 1918.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


106 


Fatiilififs. — WKi>\i:siiritv. — On    Mondny,   Mr.    (i.   V,. 

Lewin,  coroner,  held  «ii  iii(|uiry  nt  the  Town  llnll,  WcdiifHljiiry,  on 
tlio  body  of  ThdiiinH  .Tanipii  Browncll  (:iH),  i':),  L'ppcr  Dnrlinffton 
Street,  Kinir'n  Hill,  Wi'dncnVjiiry,  who  it  ih  Hiipi)Oti((l  wan  clfctricslly 
killod  on  the  provionH  ThurHtluy  nt  thr  Olil  Park  WorkH  of  tho 
I'dtcnt  Shaft  and  Axle  Tree  Co,,  [it<l.,  WcdncHbury.  Harry  HatcB, 
a  driller,  employed  at  the  Old  Park  Workn,  Mtat<'(l  that  (icceaHcd's 
'  ocoupation  wan  that  of  a  Ke'itral  oiler  of  the  macliinery.  Between 
('>.:10  and  7  p.m.  on  the  !>tli  in«t.,  deceaHed  was  oilintr  witncHs'H 
iiiachino,  which  he  left  for  a  minute,  and  upon  hearing  Urownell 
(rioan,  he  turned  and  naw  hiin  han^intr  on  a  Hwitch  with  his  left 
hand.  Witnc^sn  went  for  aonistance,  and  when  he  camo  back  he 
found  a  man  named  HawkeM  there,  who  had  attended  to  deceased. 
Questioned  by  the  Factory  Inspector  (Mr.  H.  T.  Thomas),  witnesn  said 
that  the  pluff  was  covered  up  to  a  fortniirht  ago,  and  he  reported 
the  fact  that  the  cover  was  missing-  to  tlie  night  charge  hand.  In 
reply  to  Mr.  Ilosgood,  solicitor,  who  represented  the  company,  witness 
said  he  was  told  by  the  charge  hand  to  tell  the  electrician  that  the 
cover  of  the  plug  was  missing,  but  he  failed  to  find  him,  and  the 
matter  went  clean  out  of  his  mind  the  next  day.  lie  admitted  that 
he  should  have  reported  it.  William  Charles  Ilawkes,  night  charge- 
man  of  the  drilling  machines,  stated  that  he  heard  a  commotion, 
and  thought  there  had  been  an  accident,  so  he  immediately  switched 
off  the  motive  power.  He  saw  deceased  lying  on  his  back  in  a 
belt,  and  as  he  wa»  still  breathing,  witness  slapped  his  face  to  try 
and  bring  him  round,  but  without  success.  He  was  told  by  Bates 
that  the  cover  was  missing  from  the  plug,  and  he  thought 
the  electrician  would  attend  to  it.  lie  did  not  learn 
until  later  that  Bates  had  failed  to  find  the  electrician. 
Dr.  Garman  said  that  when  he  was  called  at  T.'.iO  p.m.  the  man  was 
dead,  although  artificial  respiration  had  been  tried  for  fully  an 
hour.  He  found  that  the  man  died  from  shock,  and  the  absence  of 
any  marks  on  the  hand  might  be  accounted  for  by  the  thickness  of 
the  ekin  and  the  rapidity  of  death. 

Wm.  BofFey,  Brunswick  Park  Road,  VVednesbury,  the  electrical 
engineer,  was  questioned  by  the  P'actory  Inspector,  and  said  he  and 
his  assistants  went  round  the  works  an9  examined  the  protection 
of  the  wires  about  every  week.  They  did  not  have  periodical 
examinations  of  pmall  things  to  see  if  the  safeguards  were  in 
working  order.  He  adniittfd  that  the  cover  of  this  particular 
switch  had  not  been  maintained  as  required  by  the  regulations. 
Answering  Mr.  Hosgood,  witness  said  it  was  the  rule  for  the  men 
on  the  machines  to  report  such  things,  and  notices  were  posted  in 
the  works  to  this  effect. 

Replying  to  Mr.  F.  A.  PJatt,  solicitor,  who  represented  the  widow, 
Witness  said  that  an  inspection  of  all  the  switches  had  since  been 
made. 

The  Coroner  :  You  rely  on  broken  reeds  apparently.  This  switch 
ha«  been  broken  a  fortnight  and  not  attended  to.  If  the  system 
is  not  efficient,  it  is  for  yon  to  find  some  system  that  is  more 
efficient. 

A  notice  similar  to  those  posted  in  the  works  was  pro- 
duced, and  stated  that  if  any  workman  experienced  a  shock,  how- 
ever slight,  he  should  at  once  report  the  fact  to  his  foreman  or  the 
timekeeper.  Witness  said  that  it  was  the  duty  of  an  employe  to 
inform  the  charge  hand  if  there  was  anything  wrong,  and  he  in 
turn  should  report  the  matter  to  his  (witness  s)  department.  The 
Coroner  said  that  this  fact  was  only  implied  in  the  notice  ;  he 
thought  it  would  be  as  well  if  an  amended  notice  were  put  up,  so  as 
to  make  it  more  clear.  The  jury  returned  a  verdict  of  "  Accidental 
Death  "  Mr.  Hosgood  expressed  the  sympathy  of  the  company  with 
the  widow,  and  promised  that  the  Coroner's  suggestion  should  be 
attended  to. 

Me.xican    larap    Factory. — Mexico  will  shortly  possess 

a  glow  lamp  factory,  a  concession  having  been  applied  for  by  a 
Mr.  Ignacio  Galvan,  who  anticipates  being  able  to  sell  his  products 
at  50  per  cent,  below  the  price  of  the  imported  articles. — Ln  Benie 
Prati(iui>  de  F Elect rici ft'. 

Annual  Taxes  on  Electric  Motor  Veliicles.---Hitherto 

electric  motor  vehicles,  for  the  purpose  of  the  annnal  licences  of 
motor-cars,  have  been  regarded  as  being  of  from  12  to  15  h.p.,  the 
annual  tax  being  £,i  4s.  Under  the  revisfd  rules,  which  came  into 
force  on  the  1st  inst.,  a  concession  has  been  made  to  electric 
vehicles,  which  are  now  regarded  as  being  of  from  6i  to  12  h.p., 
the  annual  tax  being  thus  reduced  to  £  3  3s. 

The  B.E.A.M.4.  Dinner- The  dinner  of  the  British 
Electrical  and  Allied  Manufacturers'  Association  (Inc.)  will  take 
place  at  the  Savoy  Hotel,  W.C.  (new  Banciueting  Hall),  on  Friday 
next  week,  January  21th,  at  7  o'clock  for  7.30. 

Electrical  Trades  1  niOD.— On  Tuesday  next,  January 
21st,  at  9  p.m.,  a  lecture  will  be  delivered  at  the  Xorth-West 
branch  of  the  Electrical  Trades  Union,  Princess  of  Wales  Hotel, 
corner  of  Belsize  Road  and  Abbey  Road,  Hampstead,  on  "  Trans- 
formation of  Alternating  Current  to  Direct  Current."  There  will 
be  questions  and  discussion — time  permitting.  We  are  asked  to 
say  that  all  electrical  workers  are  invited. 

Another  Xew  Battery  ? — A  local  correspondent  states 
that  the  Halifax  Market  is  shortly  to  be  supplied  with  a  new 
electric  storage  battery  by  Messrs.  Worsnop  i:  Co..  of  Halifax.  The 
battery  is  known  as  the  "  Alklum.'  Messrs.  Worsnop  have  already 
received  orders  for  the  supply  of  the  battery  to  various  English  and 
Continental  railways,  and  a  European  power  has  given  an  order 
for  one  to  be  supplied  for  a  submarine.  The  British  Government 
are  now  engaged  in  experiments  with  the  new  battery. 

Inqairies. — The  makers  of  an  electrical  machine  for 
manufacturing  ice  cream  (not  a  refrigerating  apparatus)  are  asked  for. 


Shocks  lor  .Snaken, — The  followinf^  wmmunication  waa 

recently  received  by  orn!  of  onr  readers  In  AufttrallA  :— '  I  hav»i  hhA 
Komo  very  narrow  eiiiieakii  with  xnakcx  lately,  and  to  avoid  hviag 
bitten  I  Hhould  like  to  have  some  device  that  would  let  me  have  a 
bit  of  safely,  the  place  where  I  live  on  the  We(it«>ni  Line  b«>in|; 
infested  with  varions  kitidH  of  snake*. 

■'If  you  have  a  small  battery,  with  a  wire  alxjnt  7  ft.  long. 
BO  that  I  could  fix  the  wire  on  to  a  long  thin  pointed  dtick  or 
bamboo  and  place  same  on  the  nnake,  then  turn  the  current  on  and 
so  electrocute,  or  at  least  make  him  insonHiblc,  I  think  that  that 
would  1«  the  bcHt  way  to  fix  him  up  ;  a  Mhot  gun  )>eing  too  heavy 
to  carry  with  you,  as  you  are  not  always  going  Hhooting.  and  you 
have  to  be  a  good  shot  with  a  revolver  to  hit  him.  while  at  the 
same  time  it  is  too  dangerous,  as  he  might  spring  on  to  you  before 
the  smoke  cleared  away  ;  and  you  cannot  always  get  a  good  otick 
to  finish  him  if  yon  have  neither  of  these  articles. 

"  If  you  have  the  battery,  and  think  it  would  t;e  strong  enough 
while  at  the  same  time  fitting  into  a  big  pocket,  I  would  take  it  bh 
a  favour  if  you  would  send  me  a  catalogue  with  the  price  at  yonr 
earliest  convenience.  The  battery  would  not  have  to  be  too 
dangerous,  as  the  children  would  have  to  use  it  if  it  was  a  euccess.'' 

This  interesting  letter  throws  a  new  light  on  the  conditiong  of 
living  in  some  parts  of  the  Commonwealth.  The  remedy  for  snakeo 
seems  to  savour  somewhat  of  the  salt-on-the-birdg-tail  idea,  and 
one  wonders  what  the  snake  would  be  doing  while  one  was  trying 
to  tickle  him  with  the  electric  wire  ;  the  completion  of  the  lethal 
circuit  also  presents  difficulties.  But  if  these  details  can  be 
arranged,  it  is  possible  that  quite  a  small  induction  coil  smd  battery 
would  kill  a  snake,  for  the  lower  animals  are  very  sensitive  to 
electric  shocks.  Personally,  we  should  prefer  to  do  the  shocking  by 
deputy. 

Electrically  Operated   Motor-Tire    Intlators.— The 

Ingersoll  Rand  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  l(i5,  Qne*n  Victoria  .Street,  London,  E.G., 
have  lately  brought  out  an  electrically  operated  motor-tire  inflator 
for  garage  or  private  motor-house  use.  The  arrangement  is  made 
in  two  models,  and  has  been  designed  with  the  object  of  enabling 
tires  to  be  pumped  up  quickly  and  with  a  minimum  of  trouble.  The 
outfit  comprises  a  small  electric  motor  coupled  to  an  air  compressor 
and  mounted  on  a  small  hand  truck,  complete  with  connections, 
pressure  gauge,  switch,  kc.  The  motor  is  designed  to  work  off  either 
director  alternating-current  circuits,  at  110  or  220  volts,  the  con- 
nection being  made  to  the  lighting  installation  by  a  wall  plug. 
In  the  larger  model,  instead  of  the  motor  driving  the  compressor 
direct,  a  short  belt  drive  is  introduced. 

Electricity  and  Cotton  Growing. — At  a  representative 

meeting  of  members  of  the  Textile  Managers'  Association  held  in 
Manchester  on  Saturday,  Mr.  W.  Bleakley,  dealing  with  the  question 
of  bad  spinning,  contended  that  there  ought  to  be  no  bad  cotton 
grown  or  delivered.  The  application  of  electricity  to  the  soil  should 
be  extended,  and  the  quality  of  the  cotton  would  be  improved. 

University  College.— Students'   Dinner.— The  I8th 

annual  dinner  of  Past  and  Present  Students  of  the  Engineering 
Department,  University  College,  London,  will  take  place  on 
February  7th  next  at  the  Imperial  Restaurant,  Regent  Street.  Sir 
Alexander  B.  W.  Kennedy,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  Emeritus  Professor  of 
Engineering,  U.C.L.,  has  kindly  consented  to  take  the  chair.  Old 
students  who  have  not  yet  received  advice  of  this  are  requestei  to 
communicate  with  Mr.  R.A.Bell,  Past  Students'  Secretary,  166, 
Worple  Road,  Wimbledon,  or  with  the  Secretary,  Engineering 
Society,  U.C.L.,  Gower  Street.  An  attempt  is  being  made  to  com- 
pile a  complete  register  of  Past  Engineering  Students,  and  the 
secretary  will  be  pleased  to  receive  any  information  as  to  the 
whereabouts  of  any  U.C.L.  Engineering  Students. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

The  Editors  invite  electrical  engineers,  whether  connected  with  the 
technical  or  the  commercial  side  of  the  profession  and  industry, 
also  electric  tramway  and  railway  officials,  to  heep  readers  of  the 
Electbical  Review  posted  as  to  their  movements. 


Central  Station  Oilicials. — On  Saturday,  January  4th. 
two  pleasing  and  informal  gatherings  took  place  in  honour  of  Mb. 
F.  J.  Delves,  who  has  for  the  past  three  years  held  the  position  of 
constructional  superintendent  in  the  Sales  Department  of  the  West 
Ham  Corporation  electric  undertaking,  which  he  has  just  resigned 
en  being  appointed  electrical  engineer  to  the  United  Malaysian 
Rubber  Co.,  Ltd.,  Singapore.  Previously  to  looking  after  the  con- 
structional work  at  West  Ham,  he  was  one  of  the  assistant 
engineers  at  the  generating  station.  Canning  Town.  The  first  of 
the  gatherings  was  held  at  the  headquarters  of  the  Department, 
84.  Romford  Road,  Stratford,  where,  in  the  presence  of  large 
numbers  of  the  staff  employed  in  various  departments,  Mr.  J:  W. 
Bcauchamp,  engineer  and  manager,  wished  good  luck  and  God-sp<ed 
to  Mr.  Delves,  and  presented  him  on  behalf  of  the  staff  with  a 
pair  of  binocular  field  glasses,  wherewith,  among  other  purposes, 
he  might  locate  the  position  of  any  distant  tiger  that  might  be 
moving  in  his  direction  whilst  he  was  out  supervising  the  laying  of 
mains  or  similar  work  in  his  tropical  area.  The  second  gathering 
took  place  in  the  evening,  when  Mr.  Delves  was  well  feasted  and 
feted  by  a  number  of  his  late  colleagues  at  the  Connaught  Rooms, 
Great  Queen  Street,  W.C,  under  the  presidency  of  Mr.  F.  Kamdon, 
sales  manager  of  the  West  Ham  Electricity  Department,  who  pro- 
posed the  health  of  their  guest  :    Mr,  Delves  responded  in  brief 


106 


THE    ELECTBICAL    REVIEW,   [voi.  72.  no.  i,834,  januaet  17, 


1913. 


but  feelmir  tones  to  this  toast,  thanking  Mr.  Famdon  and  the  late 
engineer  and  manager,  Mr.  H.  H.  Couzens,  for  the  very  great  assist- 
ance they  had  always  given  him  in  his  work.  Mr.  Couzens 
proposed  the  toast  of  "  The  Prosperity  of  the  West  Ham  Corpora- 
tion Electric  Supply  undertaking,"  and  said  he  felt  sure  that, 
although  they  had  done  big  things  already,  there  were  still  greater 
things  to  be  achieved  by  them  in  the  near  future,  and  he  emphasised 
the  necessity,  which  every  man  placed  in  the  enviable  or  unenviable 
position  of  chief  engineer  of  an  electricity  undertaking  felt,  of 
having  an  absolutely  loyal  stofif  around  him,  such  as  he  had  had 
whilst  at  West  Ham.  Mr.  Delves,  sen.,  engineer-in-charge  at  the 
West  Ham  Corporation's  pumping  station,  and  father  of  the  guest 
of  the  evening,  then  proposed  the  health  of  Mr.  Famdon,  the 
chairman.  A  short  concert  of  an  impromptu  character  followed. 
Mr.  W.  F.  Edgerton  cirried  out  the  duties  of  hon.  sec. 

The  Islington  Electricity  Department  staff  held  their  annual 
dinner  last  Saturday  evening  at  the  Cock  Hotel,  Highbury,  Mr. 
A.  P.  MacAlister,  chief  assistant  electrical  engineer,  presiding,  in 
the  absence,  through  indisposition,  of  Mr.  A.  Gay.  Mr.  T.  A.  G. 
Margary,  superintendent  of  the  distribution  department,  occupied 
the  vice-chair.  Some  CO  members  of  different  departments  sat 
down,  and  after  dinner  had  been  served,  a  very  acceptable  pro- 
gramme of  music  and  song  was  rendered,  members  of  the  staff 
contributing.  The  vice-chairman,  during  the  interval,  propoted 
'•  Success  to  the  Department,"  and  in  doing  so  referred  with  regret 
to  the  absence  of  Mr.  Gay,  and  to  the  absence  through  death  of 
two  of  their  members,  Mr.  Cummings  and  Mr.  Barley.  He  also 
mentioned  that  the  Islington  Electricity  Department  weathered  the 
colliers'  strike  without  once  being  short  of  coal,  and  referred  to  the 
tire  which  occurred  at  the  station  last  September,  adding  that  if 
water  had  not  been  splashed  about,  running  would  have  been 
resumed  in  a  few  minutes  instead  of  in  an  hour  or  two. 

Mb.  W.  Jones  kas  resigned,  owing  to  ill-health,  the  position  of 
superintendent  of  the  Bradford  Corporation  electricity  works.  Mb. 
James  Fairbaibn  deputy  works  superintendent,  has  been  appointed 
to  succeed  him,  whilst  Mk.  C.  R.  Brown,  generating  engineer, 
takes  the  position  vacated  by  Mr.  Fairbairn. 

Mu.  Llovd  Lewis,  of  Newport,  has  been  appointed  a  charge 
engineer  at  the  Cheltenham  Electricity  Works  in  place  of  Mb. 
Spencer,  who  has  received  a  position  at  Devonport. 

Mr.  F.  Huust  has  resigned  his  position  as  shift  engineer  with 
the  Mersey  Power  Co.,  to  take  up  the  post  of  engineer-in-charge  at 
the  Stoke-on-Trent  Electricity  Workj. 

Me.T.  C.  Parsons,  M.I.E.E.,  who  has  had  22  years'  central  station 
experience,  and  for  the  last  9J  years  was  burgh  electrical  engineer 
of  Govan,  retired  from  that  office  in  November,  I'Jli',  as,  owing  to 
the  annexation  of  Govan  by  Glasgow,  his  post  was  abolished.  For 
the  last  completed  year  of  working  the  works  costs  were  •474d.,  and 
the  total  costs  tJSGd.  per  unit.  He  has  had  experience  with  d.c. 
and  AC,  one  and  three-phase  tramways,  and  a  considerable  amount 
of  power  work,  and  is  at  present  open  to  accept  an  engagement. 

The  Port  Elizabeth  Council  has  granted  Mk.  H.  J.  Holdee,  its 
electrical  engineer,  leave  of  absence  for  four  months  from 
March  1st,  in  order  that  he  may  visit  England,  Germany,  and 
perhaps  the  U.S.,  to  enable  him  to  inquire  at  first  hand  into  the 
economy,  behaviour,  cost  of  maintenance,  Kc,  of  plant  such  as  will 
be  found  the  most  suitable  to  recommend  for  the  town. 

Mb.  K.  K.  Benson,  who  has  been  mains  superintendent  in  the 
Swansea  Corporation  Electricity  Department  for  about  iij  years, 
has  resigned  his  position  for  the  purpose  of  starting  as  an  electrical 
engineer  on  his  own  accouat,  and  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Elec- 
tric Lighting  and  Tramways  Committee,  Col.  A.  Sinclair,  the  chair- 
man, said  they  could  only  accept  the  resignation  with  regret. 
Mr.  Benson  had  held  a  very  responsible  position,  and  he  had  given 
the  Committee  and  Mr.  Prussmann,  the  borough  electrical  engineer, 
complete  satisfaction.  They  could  not  speak  too  highly  of  him. 
It  was  resolved  to  put  on  record  the  Committee's  great  appreciation 
of  the  excellent  pervices  rendered  by  Mr.  Benson,  their  regret  at 
losing  him,  and  their  wishes  for  success  and  prosperity  in  his  new 
undertaking.  A  slight  rearrangement  of  the  staff  was  also  agreed 
to,  and  it  was  further  decided  to  advertise  for  a  new  mains 
superintendent.  t  ■  .  i 

Mb.  J.  P  BowEN,  of  the  Llandrindod  Wells  Electric  Light  and 
Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  resigned  his  position  of  resident  engineer,  and 
Mb.  T.  Williams,  who  has  been  Mr.  Bowen's  chief  assistant  for 
several  years,  is  the  present  engineer. 

Mk.  J.  W.  MclNNES,  manager  of  the  light  railways  at  Colwyn 
Biy,  has  resigned,  and  will  be  succeeded  by  Mr.  A.  G.  Balfour. 

The  salary  of  Mb.  V.  J.  Allan,  engineer-in-charge.  Corporation 
electricity  works,  Southampton,  has  been  increased  by  £13  per 
annum. 

General. —  We  understand  that  Mk.  H.  Boulase 
Matthews.  Wh. Ex.,  M.I.E.E.,  Assoc.M.Inst.C.E ,  has  resigned  his 
position  with  the  General  Electric  Co..  Ltd.,  to  accept  a  director- 
ship with  his  father's  old-established  firm  of  Letricheux  k  David. 
Ltd..  Swansea  and  Cardiff,  together  with  a  seat  on  the  boards  of 
several  allied  shipping  companies. 

Mk.  a.  J  Roiii.ssoN.  of  the  outside  contract  department  of 
Messrs.  Christy  Bros.  A:  Co.,  Ltd..  of  Chelmsford,  who  was  recently 
married,   has   been  presented   by   his  colleagues   with  a  case    of 

According  to  the  ylw-'/r/i/iffn  .Vinh,;/  Standard,  Mr.  J.  T.  Fahy, 
chief  electrician  of  the  New  Zealand  railways,  recently  arrived  in 
Sydney  on  a  tour  of  inspection  of  the  railway  systems  of  the 
Commonwealth. 

Obitaary.  — Mr.    K.    T.    rRESioN.— The    death    has 

occurred,   at   his  residence,   Hayes   Court.    Kent,   of   Mr.    Reuben 
Thomas  Prenton,  senior  director  of  the  firm  of  J.  Stone  4:  Co.,  Ltd., 


electrical  and  general  engineers,  of  Deptford,  S,E.  The  deceased 
gentleman,  who  had  been  ill  for  over  18  months,  was  Gti  years  of 
Bge,  and  had  been  associated  with  the  firm  for  upwards  of  40  years. 
Mr.  James  Patterson,  secretary  of  the  Newcastle  and  District 
Electric  Lighting  Co.,  died  at  his  residence  at  Newcastle-on-Tyne 
on  the  12th  inst.  The  deceased  gentleman,  who  was  52  years  of 
age,  was  a  native  of  the  city,  and  commenced  his  business  career 
in  the  offices  of  Messrs.  J.  P.  Scott,  colliery  owners  at  Newcastle. 
Subsequently  he  went  to  Messrs.  Clarke,  Chapman  i:  Gurney,  elec- 
trical engineers,  Gateshead,  where  he  held  a  responsible  position  in 
the  commercial  department  for  about  six  years.  When  the  New- 
castle and  District  Electric  Lighting  Co.  was  formed  in  1889,  he 
was  appointed  secretary. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Credenda  Conduits  Co.,  Ltd.  C12B,340).— Registered  Janua^ 

6lh,  by  Wftterlow  Bros.  &  Layton,  Ltd.,  Birchin  Lane,  E.O.  Capital,  £50,000 
in  f  1  shares.  Objects  :  To  take  over  the  bueiness  of  iiianufactutera  o(  ana 
dealers  in  conduit  tubes  and  Httings  and  other  electric  lighting  and  power 
apparatus  carried  on  in  Birmingham,  as  a  branch  of  the  business  of  lubes, 
Ltd,  as  the  "Credenda  Conduits  Co."  Tubes,  Ltd.,  guarantee  8  per  cent, 
profit  on  the  naid.up  capital  (not  exceeding  £60,OCO)  untU  April,  I9i6,  and  so 
long  as  they  diboharge  this  obligation  they  may  have  two  of  their  direotors  or 
managers  on  the  board.  The  signatories  are  :— J.  Chamberlain,  Beechcrott, 
Edgbaston,  director,  Tubes,  Ltd.,  1  share;  J.  H.  Aston,  Drayton  House, 
Erdlngton,  director.  Tubes,  Ltd.,  1  share:  E.  A.  Edwards,  Penns  Lane, 
Erdington,  manager,  Credenda  Conduit  Co.,  100  shares  ;  J.  W.  Barratt,  Central 
House,  7.5,  New  Street,  Birmingham,  chartered  accountant,  1  share ;  C.  t. 
Cope,  2,  Florence  Road,  Chester  Road,  Krdington,  secretary,  Tubes,  Ltd., 
1  share;  0.  H.  Bankers,  8,  Cregoe  Street,  Birmingbam,  clerk,  I  share ;  A.  L, 
Kirk,  29,  Redditch  Road,  King's  Norton,  Birmingham,  manager,  1  share. 
Minimum  cash  subscription  7  shares  :  the  first  directors  (to  number  not  less 
than  twQ  or  more  than  five)  are  J.  Chamberlain,  J.  H.  Aston  and  fc.  A. 
Edwards  (managing  director) ;  the  two  first  named  are  nominees  of  Tubes,  Ltd. : 
nualiflcaiion,  500  bhares,  provided  (n)  that  so  long  as  Tubes,  Ltd.,  hold  10,000 
shares,  any  director  or  manager  of  that  company  may,  until  the  ordinary  general 
meeting  in  1916,  be  appointed  as  a  director  of  this  company  without  qualitloa- 
tion,  and  ()))  that  the  qualification  of  a  managing  director  shall  be  100  shares 
only. 

H.  L.  Morton  &  Partner,  Ltd.  (l26,43-).-Thi8  company  wa«< 

registered  on  January  lOlh,  with  a  capital  of  ;£1,000  in  £\  shares,  to  take 
over  the  business  of  repousM'  art  metal,  electric  and  other  sign  designers  and 
workers,  art  craftsmen,  colour  schemists,  poster  and  sbowcard  designers,  &c., 
carried  on  at  the  Empire  Sign  Works,  23,  Union  Street,  Sheffield.  Ihe  sub- 
scribers (with  one  share  each)  are  :-H.  L.  Morton  18,  Clarke  Street. 
Sheffield,  manager;  J.B.Taylor,  19,  Gainsborough  Road,  bheffleld,  manager, 
H.  Ramsden,  18,  Clarke  Street,  Sheffield,  manager ;  J.  H.  Freeborough,  25. 
Figtree  Lane,  Sheffield,  incorporated  accountant.  Private  company.  Ihe 
number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  five  ;  the  first  arc 
to  be  appointed  by  the  company  or  by  subscribers;  qualificaton, .£20;  remune- 
ration as  fixed  by  the  company.  Registered  by  Alfred  H.  Atkins,  Ltd.,  27-8, 
Fetter  Lane.  E.G. 

Compania  Constructora  del  Paciflco,  Ltd.  (126,415)— This 

company  was  registered  on  January  9tb,  with  a  capital  of  £25,000  in  £1  shares, 
to  carry  on  the  business  of  a  construction  company  in  Ecuador  or  elsewhere,  in 
relation  to  railways,  tramways,  docks,  harbours,  piers,  wharves,  canals,  irriga- 
tion sewage,  water,  gas,  electric  light,  telegraphs,  telephones  and  other  works 
or  convenilnces  of  public  utility  or  otherwise.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share 
each)  are  -J  Davis,  123,  Pall  Mall,  8.W.,  contractor;  G.  Lorette,  1-2,  Great 
Winchester  Street,  E.C.,  company  director  ;  L.  Chabot,  G,  bis  de  Chateaudun, 
Paris,  financial  agent;  "W.  Warren,  4,  Lloyd's  Avenue,  E.G., consulting,  mining 
and  nietallurgical  engineer;  R.  E.  Moore,  6.  St.  Margaret's  Road  Tottenham, 
N  clerk  ■  A.  Ratzin,  28,  St.  Dunstan's  House,  Stepney,  E.,  clerk  ;  H.  E.  King, 
is'st  John's  Road.  Richmond,  S.W.,  gentleman.  Minimum  cash  subscap- 
finn  sftvfiu  shares.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  three  or 
more  than  10;  the  flrsrareG.  Lorette.  L.  Chabot  and  W.  Warren  ;  qualiflca- 
tion  one  share  ;  remuneration  of  chairman,  £100  par  annum  ;  of  others,  £60 
each  per  annum.    Registered  office,  5,  Lothbury.  E.G. 

B.  &  C.  Foil  Syndicate,  Ltd.  (126,:?83).— This  company  was 

registered  on  January  8th,  with  a  capital  of  ilOO  in  Is.  shares,  to  acquire  (1) 
sub-grant  of  the  benefit  of  certain  secret  processes  for  the  United  Kingdom 
and  the  British  Dominions  (except  Canada);  (2i  sub-licence  under  Patent 
No  2  ,46  of  1906  for  the  manufacture  of  aluminium  foil  or  %heet;  and  ui)  sub- 
Hc^nie  to  use  rolling  mills  in  accordance  with  the. British  Letters  Patent 
No  18  821,  of  1909,  for  the  purpose  of  rolling  aluminium  toil  or  Bheet.  The 
subscribers  (With  one  share  each)  are:-R.  Petherbridge,  Crpoms  Hill  House. 
BE  ecrelary  of  a  public  company;  J.  M.  Banks.  75,  Edith  Road,  West 
Kensington  \V.,  secretary.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directorB  i. 
not  to  be  "ess  than  two  or  more  than  ten  ;  the  subscribers  are  to  appoint  the 
first.    Registered  by  Warren  &  Warren,  4,  Broad  Street  Place,  E.G. 

J  W.  Smith,  Ltd.  (126,438).— This  company  was  registered 
on  January  10th.  with  a  capital  of  £1,000  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on  the  business 
0?  efectt^ians.  mechanical  engineers,  manufacturers  and  workers  of  and 
dealers  in  electricity,  motive  power  and  light,  &c.  The  subscribers  (with  one 
share  ei?h)  are  ;_W.  Langley,  7,  St.  Ann's  Hill  Road,  Nottingham,  retired 
I  vil  sl?vant;  J.  8.  Smith,  534.  Mansfield  Road  Sherwood.  Nottingham, 
?ibacconi8t.  Private  company.  The  number  o(  directors  is  not  to  be  more 
Jhan  three  ;  the  first  are  W.  Langley  and  J.  8- Smith  (both  permanent  subject 
to  holding  £50  shares  each).  Solicitors,  Heck  &  Beck,  2.  Kings  Walk. 
Nottingham.      Registered  by  Waterloo  Bros.  &  Layton,  Ltd.,  B.rchin  Lane, 

Oswald  Stott,   Ltd.  (126,348).-Thi8  company  was  registered 

on  January  Glli  wi'ih  a  capital  of  £2.0C0  in  £1  shares  (1,000  preference),  to 
carry  on^hebusUiess  of  designers,  manufacturers  and  vendors  of  'an^and 
ventilat"ng  appliances,  electrical  and  general  engineers,  *c.  The  subscriber, 
are  O  B^oU,  79,  Grantham  Koad,  Sparkbrook,  Birmingham,  engineer  one 
otdina;v  share  ;E.  R.  Jones,  Banbury  House,  Stourbridge,  enginef  one  pre. 
?„rpn,-B  share  Private  company.  The  first  directors  are  0.  Stott  and  E.  R. 
Inneseac"o  whom  may  retain  office  while  holding  one  .hare  ;  qualification 
nrother  directors  £5";  remuneration  as  fixed  by  the  company.  Registered 
by  Waterfow  Bros.  4  Layton.  Ltd..  Birchin  Lane,  E.G.  Solicitors.  Harwarde 
and  Evans,  Stourbridge. 

C.    Goodman    &  Co.,    Ltd.    (126,38-).-Thi8    company    was 

reeistered  on  January  8th,  wi!b  a  capital  of  £i,.00  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on 
Jbe  business  ofTounde, s.  mechanical  and  electrical  engineers  manulacturer. 
ofmachlnery  tool  makers,  metal  worke.s,  Ac,  and  to  adopt  an  «K"e"«°« 
-inl  r  W  Bailev  and  A.  Weir.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  .- 
?WB^Iey  20  Royal  Road.  Gusvom  House,  E.,  electrical  engineer;  A.  Wclr, 
no  win  teadPark^  Avenue  Manor  Park,  B.,  engineer.  Private  pompany. 
The  nurSber  o(  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  t«o  or  more  "i»hfl^e;  the  first 
are  C.-W.  Bailey,  A.  Weir  and  W.  Stewart.  Regutered  by  A.  W.  Osmond,  6, 
South  Square,  Gray's  Inn,  W.G. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8:ti,jANUAKY  17,  i9i:t.]     TlIKi    EriKCTIUCAIj    REVIKW. 


107 


OFFICIAL    RETURNS    OP    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


Asiiiu-ioii  Triinnvny,  Llgrlit  niid  I'owcr  ("«.,  Lid.  (I2(i,l'.n;). 

urtluiilarH  of  X'MI>0.(X)U  IIPHt  inurtKiiKU  (Irbuiiluro  Htock,  urrttiid  Janumy  :iril, 
lilt,  ami  Bi'curid  t)y  tni.t  deed  of  ovon  dfttu,  Hied  purBimnt  to  Hec.  U:t  (II)  of 
m  Oomimnii'H'  (Oi)iiHcilldinloii)  Act,  lUOH,  the  wliolo  (iiiiouiit  l)i;iii({  now  iHHUcd. 
roiiHity  pbfkiK'd:  Th«  ooiii|)*'iv  »  iiinlurtiikinK  And  pmiiorly.  prom'tit  »nd 
Iturc,  IncludlnK  UMoaUi'd  PMiUttl  and  Ininiovablo  propi'riy  (irainwayB  nyHtcm, 
nd  niid  liiiiKUngti).    Triiiituun     Union  of  London  and  Binilh'H  Uiink,  Ltd. 

KritiHh  Coliinibiii    KleHric  Ralhvii}  Co.,    Ltd.  (5 1. <.).,;<; 

Huo  on  Uenonibor  lllst,  lUI'i,  of  i'7.'>n.0<M)  4)  pur  oorit.  perpetual  con lOlidnted 
jbunturo  ntook,  part  of  a  series  of  wliicb  piirticuliiru  lutvc  already  been  llled. 

James  Kolth  &  Dlackiiuin  Co.,  Ltd.— Issue  on  .January  Cili, 

Hit,  of  je<,7()0  dibonturus,  part  of  a  Borics  of  which  iiarticularH  have  already 
)cii  llled. 

Hunt  &  Moscrop,  Ltd. —Particulars  of  £4,000  debentare', 
•eated  Dooombor  JlOtli,  19ia,  llled  pursuant  to  Sec.  U3  (3)  of  the  Companios' 
lonsolidation)  Act,  IDOH,  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being  £800. 
roperty  oharKcd  ;  The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  (ireBent  and 
iture,  inoluding  uncalled  capital.    No  trustees. 

X.L.  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— Debenture  dated  .laninry  (itb,  IIUS, 
I  secure  i;i,0O0,  ohirued  on  the  company's  undertaking  and  present  property, 
loluding  uncalled  capital  (subject  to  prior  ohargci).  Holder  :  Capt.  C.  Wiener, 
well  Castle,  l<]well,  Surrey. 

Itreckuell,  Miiiiro  A;  Rogers,  Ltd.  -Third  mortgasre  debenture, 

ated  December  r>tb,  l'Jl'2,  tu  secure  i'uOO,  charged  on  the  general  assets. 
loldorB  :   Mrs.  P.  Rogers,  A.  E.  Rogers  and  Dr.  K.  Rogers. 

South     Staflordshirc     Tramways    (Lessee)    Co.,    Ltd. - 

articulars  of  i'lOO.OJO  debentures,  created  by  rcsTlutions,  August  !lrd,  1904, 
nd  December  lltii.  IUI'2,  and  secured  by  truit  deeds  dated  November  Ist, 
)()!,  and  December  llth,  iyi'2.  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (:j)  of  the  Companies' 
l^onsolidation)  Act,  I'JCrt ;  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being  £45,300. 
ropetty  charged  :  Company's  leasehold  interest  in  the  South  HtafT  irdshire 
'ramways  :  certain  righti,  powers  and  privileges  with  resp=ct  to  the  working 
f  the  said  tramways  :  interest  in  an  indenture  dated  April  '23th,  1900  ;  certain 
ind,  buildings,  llxed  plant  and  machinery  at  Wednesbury,  Wa  sill  and 
ludley  ;  prefeience  shares  and  ordinary  stock  in  South  Staffordshire  Tram- 
'ays  Co.,  and  C'-mpany's  undertaking  and  general  assets,  present  and  future. 
'rustces :  Law  Guarantee  Trust  and  .\cciden(  Society,  Ltd.  (in  liquidation), 
',  Chancery  Lane,  W.O. 

Veneznela  Telephone  and  Electrical  Appliances  Co.,  Ltd. 

11,305).— Capital,  £85,000  in  70,000  ord.  shares  of  £1  each  and  1,500  pref. 
hares  of  £10  each.  Return  dated  December  5th,  1912;  70,000  ord.  and  860 
ref.  shares  taken  up;  £1  per  shares  called  up  on  13, 494  ord.  ani  £10  pec  share 
n86uprof. ;  £22  094  paid ;  £56,.50G  considered  as  paid  on  5(i,50G  ord.  Mort- 
ages  and  charges  :  £120,000. 

United  Electric  Car  Co.,  Ltd.  (57,082).— Capital,  £300,000  in 

50,000  ord.  and  150,000  6  percent,  pref.  shares  of  £1  each.  Return  dated 
lotober  2nd,  1912  (filed  December  18th) ;  150,060  ord.  and  100,000  pref.  shares 
>ken  up  ;  £250,000  paid.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  £15,667. 

Bullers,  Ltd.  (62,020).— Capital  £40,000  in  20,000  ord.  and 
0,000  pref.  shares  of  £10  each.  Return  dated  December  25th,  1912;  15,000 
ref.  and  15,000  ord.  shares  taken  up;  £10 per  share  called  up  on  ord.  and 
5,000  pref.  ;  £160,070  paid  ;  £149,930  considered  as  paid  on  14,993  ord.  Mort- 
ages  and  charges :  Nil. 

Carlton  Engineering  Co,,  Ltd.  (111,787).— Capital  £6,000  in 

'1  shares.  Return  dated  December  9tb,  1912;  6,153  shares  taken  up;  £2,153 
laid  ;  £3,000  considered  as  paid.    Mortgages  and  charges :  Nil. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Direct  United  States  Cable  Co.,   Ltd.— An  interim 

iividend  of  2s.  per  share,  less  income-tax,  being  at  the  rate  of  4  per 
;ent.  per  annum  for  the  quarter  ending  December  Slst,  1912,  is 
payable  on  and  after  31st  inst. 

Stock  Excliange  Notice. — Application   has  been  made 
io  the  Committee  to  appoint  a  special  settling  day  in — 

Ceara  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— 85,007  ordinary  shares  of  £1 
saoh  fully  paid,  Nos.  200,001  to  285,007;  and  scrip  fully  paid  lor  £125,000  5  per 
sent,  first  debenture  stock. 

Central  Londun  Railway  Co. — It  is  officially  announced 

that  the  holders  of  over  75  per  cent,  in  the  aggregate  of  the 
ordinary,  preferred  ordinary,  and  deferred  ordinary  stock  of  the 
lentral  London  Railway  Co.  have  agreed  to  transfer  thfir  holdings 
pursuant  to  the  proposals  recently  made  by  the  Underground 
Electric  Railways  Co.  of  London,  and  the  scheme  has  therefore 
become  operative. —  The  Times. 

"  Harper  "  Electric  Piano  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors 

have  declared  an  interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent,  per 
anuum  on  the  participating  ordinary  shares  for  the  half-year 
ended  December  1st. 

Suifolk  Electricity    Supply    Co. — At  a  meeting    of 

shareholders  held  at  Ipswich  last  Friday,  a  resolution  was  passed 
granting  to  Dr.  C.  H.  Liebbrand  an  option  to  purchase  the  under- 
taking on  certain  terms. 

I!  Kaministiquia  Power  Co.  —  The  directors  have  de- 
clared a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per  annum  for  the 
jiuarter  ending  January  3  lit, 


Uillaii.s  \   lt(il)in.<«on,  Ltd. 

Wk  aro  inforiiicfl  tlml  thi!  oniiimry  general  me<!li"K  of  IhiHc^oiimny 
WUH  holti  at  Cuniion  Hlreot  IloUl,  K.C.,  on  'Jlli  innt.  W<:  uiidtTHland 
that  the  meeting  was  treated  a«  a  privutu  one,  but  th«  ri;port  and 
accounts  for  th<i  year  ending  .luiie  last  were  a<lopt<:d.  The  direct<jr« 
report  indicated  that  towards  Ibii  clow  of  I'Jll  lic<M;mity  aroiie  for 
exercising  the  borrowing  iMjwers  given  in  I'JlO,  to  meet  heavy  pay 
nients  incurred  over  the  (.lueen'M  I'erry  lawsuit,  and  to  finance  th<; 
increnHing  volunn(!  of  work.  The  Iomh  shown  on  the  yearn  tra/ling 
to  .Juno  lust  continues  to  reflect  the  low  level  of  pri<;eH  in  the  elec- 
trical industry  and  iiiBullicioncy  of  work.  Larger  contracts  under 
better  conditions,  and  at  somewhat  better  prices,  have  been  necurcd 
during  the  year,  and  the  company's  ^hop-i  are  now  well  supplie<i 
with  work.  More  working  capital  is,  however,  rec|uired.  The 
(Queen's  Ferry  Works  are  under  the  consideration  of  one  or  two 
parties,  but  the  figure  at  which  they  stand  in  the  balance-sheet  io 
unlikely  to  be  reulisoil.  In  view  of  negotiations  which  vitally  con- 
cerned the  company's  future,  it  was  found  advi-table  to  disjHjnse 
with  the  customary  half-yearly  meeting  in  April.  These  negotia- 
tions have  now  been  concluded.  The  proposals  are  as  follows  ; 
The  4  per  cent,  and  5  per  cent,  mortgage  debenture**  to  remain  at 
the  present  total  of  £248,828.  Issue  of  £30,000  new  preference 
stock  6  per  cent,  cumulative  (Class  A),  with  option  to  subscribers 
to  take  up  one  Is.  ordinary  share  with  each  £.->  allotted  (this  new 
stock  to  be  offered,  in  the  first  instance,  to  the  existing  share- 
holders). Issue  of  Class  B  preference  stock  4  p3r  cent,  cumulative 
to  be  allotted  tj  existing  shareholders  in  exchange  for  present 
shares  as  follows  :  — Preference  shares,  £2  stock  for  every  share  of 
£.5  nominal  value  ;  ordinary  shares,  2s.  fid.  stock  for  every  share  of 
£1  nominal  value.  This  means  the  writing  down  of  £:5:i3,330 
preference  shares  and  £Gt;,(;(;()  ordinary  shares,  making  a  total  of 
£399,996,  to  a  total  of  £141,6(i.5.  There  will  be  an  issue  of  30,000 
new  ordinary  Is.  shares,  6,000  of  which  are  to  be  reserved  for  sub- 
scribers of  Class  A  and  2t,000  will  be  subscribed  by  incoming 
parties,  whom  it  is  proposed  shall  be  associated  with  the  com- 
pany. The  revised  capital  will,  therefore,  be  £421,993,  as  against 
the  present  capital  of  £018,S24.  At  a  subsequent  extraordinary 
general  meeting,  resolutions  were  passed  agreeing  to  the  proposed 
rearrangement  of  share  capital. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Taeaday  Evening, 

The  great  event  in  the  Stock  Exchange  this  week  has  been  the 
announcement  of  the  award  of  the  Railway  and  CanaJ  Com- 
missioners in  the  case  of  the  National  Telephone  Company.  The 
declaration  that  the  Company  would  receive  £12, .515, 264  took  the 
market  by  surprise,  and  was  followed  by  a  slant  in  the  price  of  the 
stock  such  as  the  Stock  Exchange  has  not  seen  for  years  past. 
The  price  fell  from  140  to  106  in  a  day,  with  hardly  a  check  in 
between,  and  the  market  was  the  scene  of  wild  excitement. 

As  the  price  gave  way,  so  more  and  more  stock  was  forced  out, 
until  it  became  evident  that  at  least  part  of  the  selling  was  on 
account  of  holders  who  had  pledged  stock  with  their  bankers  and 
saw  themselves  faced  with  the  necessity  for  piying  out  large  extra 
sums  in  the  way  of  cover  this  week.  The  prophets  who  not  long 
ago  were  talking  airily  of  180  as  the  probable  price  that  would  be 
paid  by  the  Government  for  the  Deferred  stock,  have  now  revised 
their  estimates,  and  talk  as  pessimistically  as  before  they  had  been 
hopeful.  It  is  more  than  probable  that,  before  Friday,  when  this 
paper  appears,  more  definite  information  will  be  available  as  to  the 
amount  which  the  Deferred  stockholders  are  likely  to  receive  ;  but, 
writing  on  Tuesday,  the'  utmost  confusion  and  perplexity  exist. 
Cautious  calculation  puts  the  ultimate  figure  between  105  and 
115.  Nominally,  the  stock  on  the  week  shows  a  fall  of  33J  points, 
but  on  the  morning  of  the  announcement  one  buyer  gave  140  for 
it,  and  it  was  not  long  ago,  of  course,  that  the  price  was  run  up 
above  160.  The  perplexity  and  confusion  are  underlined  with 
considerable  indignation,  while  rumour  was  busy  with  further 
estimates  as  to  how  many  members  of  the  Stock  Exchange  would 
be  hammered  on  the  pay-day— that  is,  Thursday — as  the  direct 
outcome  of  this  slump. 

Other  markets  are  distinguished  by  no  special  features.  The 
political  situation  abroad  has  been  worsened  by  the  break  up  of  the 
Peace  Conference  and  the  departure  of  the  delegates,  though  it  is 
felt  that  all  the  loopholes  are  not  yet  closed  to  peace,  and  that 
even  at  the  eleventh  hour  some  way  can  be  found  out  of  the  dead- 
lock, whereby  the  Allies  could  be  satisfied  and  Turkey  could  feel 
that  she  was  not  giving  away  too  much. 

The  Home  Railway  market  felt  the  influence  of  the  political 
clouds  as  much  as  any  of  the  other  departments,  and  speculators 
sold  stock  in  disgust  at  the  turn  which  events  had  taken.  Dis- 
tricts and  Metropolitans  both  fell  back,  though  neither  stock  lost 
all  the  substantial  rise  gathered  during  the  previous  week.  City 
and  South  London  rose  a  point,  and  Central  London  Ordinary  at 
84  hardened  into  line  with  the  quotations  for  the  company's  Pre- 
ferred and  Deferred  stocks  upon  the  confirmation  of  the  stock- 
holders' agreement  to  the  terms  of  purchase  made  by  the 
Underground  Electric  group.  Later,  however,  the  rise  was  lost, 
and  the  Deferred  went  back  to  S3  at  the  same  time. 

Underground  Electric  shares  continue  in  demand.  The  price  at 
one  time  rose  to  5,  easing  off  later  to  4i,  at  which  it  shows  a  rise 
of  J  oa  th«  week  ;  while  the  6  per  cent.  Income  bonds,  after  dipping 


108 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.  72.  xo.  i,834,  janttaby  17,  1913. 


to  94J,  rose  to  95i.  thus  markinfi:  an  improvement  of  a  point. 
British  Electric  Tractions  pave  way  sliffhtly,  and  Yorkshire  West 
Ridinp  Preference  shares  are  i  down,  there  beinp  few  quotable 
changes  beyond  this.  Bus-iness  has  spmnp  up  in  the  £10  shares  of 
the  London  Electric  Railways  Company,  and  a  fair  number  changed 
bands  on  the  basis  of  £:>.  The  shares  are  still  a  lonp  way  from  the 
dividend  point,  but  the  buyers  contend  that  there  is  plenty  of  scope 
for  improvement,  and  those  who  are  content  to  wait  for  some  period 
have  been  picking  up  shares  to  put  away. 

In  the  lighting  market,  Monday's  severe  fog  in  the  City  cheered 
up  some  of  the  principal  prices.  Chelseas,  Charing  Cross  Pre- 
ference, and  Westminster  Ordinary  and  Preference  rose  J  to  i. 
City  of  London  .Second  Debenture  gained  J,  the  Company's  Ordinary 
shares  remaining  about  17.  The  market  as  a  whole,  however,  is 
ilescribed  as  somewhat  heavy,  and  there  is  not  much  trade  doing  in 
the  shares.  One  large  holder  of  Electric  Lighting  issues  announced 
that  nothing  short  of  a  week's  fog  would  make  him  really  happy, 
but  he  was  careful  not  to  mention  this  except  to  those  whom  he 
knew  to  be  interested  in  the  same  market  as  himself.  The  National 
Telephone  award  has  given  rise  to  some  heart-searching  in  the 
electricity  supply  department,  though  it  had  no  effect  upon  quota- 
tions. 

The  market  for  Latin-Canadian  securities  was  a  little  upset  by 
the  general  depression  caused  by  foreign  politics.  Bra/:ilian  Trac- 
tion shares,  in  which  there  is  a  lot  of  business  doing,  fell  from  lOd 
to  !»7J,  regaining  a  point  of  the  fall  afterwards,  so  that  on  balance 
they  have  only  shed  A  out  of  the  4 J  points  gained  last  week. 
Georgia  Light  and  Power  jumped  to  51,  and  came  back  to  48i. 
Mexican  Light  and  Power  and  Mexico  Trams  are  both  easier, 
disquieting  reports  reaching  this  side  as  to  warnings  having  been 
issued  by  some  of  the  mining  companies  in  Mexico  that  it 
would  be  safer  for  women  and  children  to  be  removed  into 
less  troublous  districts.  Monterey  Debenture,  however,  at  90  is  a 
point  to  the  good.  Montreal  Common  stock  retains  its  rise  of  1 0, 
and  Shawinigans,  after  their  big  jump,  are  no  more  than  a 
point  off. 

Buyers  have  come  along  for  several  of  the  Debenture  stocks  in 
this  section.  Cordoba  Light  and  Power  Debenture,  Cochabamba 
bonds,  Ontario  bonds,  and  Toronto  Debentures  are  all  higher. 
Canadian  General  Electrics  show  rises  in  the  Ordinary  and 
Preference.  On  the  other  hand,  Madras  Ordinary  fell  J.  Melbourne 
Debenture  is  another  of  those  in  request,  and  the  price  has  risen  to 
102i,  while  the  Electric  supply  of  Victoria  Debentures  are  2  up. 
The  Anglo-Argentine  Tramways  group  improved.  United  Electric 
Trams  of  Monte  'Video  and  Para  Electric  Ordinary  are  both  higher, 
and  the  only  change  in  the  British  Columbia  sextet  is  a  rise  of  i  in 
the  Preferred  stock.  Inquiries  are  being  made  for  Pacific  shares, 
several  influential  firms  having  taken  substantial  lines  of  the  bonds 
for  account  of  trust  companies  and  other  clients  ;  and  it  may  be 
surmised  that  before  long  a  market  will  be  started  in  the  Common 
stock  of  the  company. 

Marconi  shares  have  been  flat.  It  was  reported  that  a  failure 
had  occurred  in  Dublin,  which  would  mean  the  liquidation  of  a 
large  line  of  Slarconis,  but  to  this  ostensible  cause  of  the  depres- 
sion not  much  importance  was  attached.  What  is  more  troubling 
the  market  and  Marconi  shareholders  is  the  evidence  given  before 
the  Commission,  from  which  it  would  appear  that  there  is  at  least 
the  possibility  of  a  second  commission  being  formed  to  deal  with 
the  question  of  the  agreement  between  the  Government  and  the 
Company.  If  the  agreement  with  the  Government  should  be  upset, 
probably  Marconis  would  fall  still  further,  and  it  has  to  be  remem- 
bered that  there  are  yet  many  people  left  who  paid  fanciful  prices 
for  their  Marconis  when  the  boom  was  proceeding  so  merrily. 

Indo-Europeans  are  i  higher,  and  Reuters  rose  J.  Cuba  Tele- 
graphs are  lOs.  easier.  Investment  demand  is  responsible  for 
further  improvement  in  the  price  of  Anglo-American  Telegraph 
Preferred,  and  there  haf?  been  another  small  rise  in  American  Tele- 
phone and  Telegraph  Capital  stock.  The  Ea.stem  group  is  steady, 
and  no  changes  of  consequence  have  occurred  in  the  Trust 
Companies'  issues. 

Of  the  Manufacturing  shares,  Callender's  Ordinary  and  Prefer- 
ence and  Henley's  Ordinary  are  better,  while  Castner-Kellners 
hardened  to  H;j.  Armament  shares  are  advancing  by  reason  of  the 
50  millions  sterling  budgetted  for  naval  requirements  this  year. 
The  Rubber  share  market  gave  way  on  a  little  scattered  selling 
before  the  settlement,  though  the  price  of  the  raw  material  keeps 
very  steady,  and  some  of  the  firms  interested  in  this  department 
have  to  deal  this  week  with  one  of  the  heaviest  settlements  since 
the  boom  of  three  years  ago.  The  amount  of  the  raw  material 
offered  at  the  Mincing  Lane  auctions  this  week  was  1,130  tons,  the 
largest  on  record  for  these  fortnightly  sales. 


MARKET     QUOTATIONS, 


It  should  be  remembered,  in  making  use  of  the  figures  appearing 
in  the  following  list,  that  in  some  cases  the  prices  are  only  general, 
and  may  vary  according  to  quantities  and  other  circumstances. 


Wednesday,  January  15th. 


CHEMICALS,  Ac. 


I  Add,  Uydrooblorio         . .       . .  per  cwt. 

■  „     Nitric 

I     „     Ozalio  per  lb. 

■  ,,      Balphuria per  cwt. 

■  Ammoniac  Sal        „ 

I  Ammonia,  Muriate  (large  orjatal)  per  ton 

■  Bleaching  powder „ 

I  Bisulphide  of  Carbon       . .        . .  „ 

I  Borax „ 

I  Copper  Sulphate ,. 

I  Lead,  Nitrate         ,', 

I       „      White  Sugar          . .        . .  „ 

I       ,,      Peroxide „ 

)  Methylated  Spirit per  gal, 

I  Potassium,  Bichromate,  in  casks  per  lb. 

I  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %)  . .  per  ton 

I        „      Chlorate per  lb. 

I        „       Perchlorate         . .         . .         „ 

■  PoteBsium,  Cyanide  (98/100  %) . .         „ 

(for  mining  purposes  only) 

I  Shellac  per  cwt. 

■  Sulphate  of  Magnesia      . .        . .  per  ton 

■  Sulphur,  Sublimed  Flowers      . .  „ 
I        „         Recovered         . .        . .  „ 

I         „         Lump ,, 

I  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/73  %)    . .  „ 

I      „     Chlorate       per  lb. 

I      „     Crystals        per  ton 

I  Sodium  Bichromate,  casks        . .  per  lb. 


METALS,  Ac. 
b  Aluminium  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  .. 
b  „  Wire,  in  ton  lots    . . 

b  ,,  Sheet,  in  ton  lots   . . 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots     . . 
c  Brass  (rolled  metal  2*  to  13*  basis) 
c     „     Tube  (brazed) 
c      „         „     (solid  drawn) 

c      ,,     Wire,  basis 

c  Copper  Tubes  (brazed)     . . 
c        I,  „      (solid  drawn) 

g       „       Bars  (best  selected) 

g       „      Sheet  

g       „      Rod 

d       „      (Electrolytic)  Bars 

d       „  „  Bbeeta      .. 

d       „  „  Rods 

d       „  „  H.C.  Wire 

/  Ebonite  Rod  

/       „        Sheet         

o  German  Silver  Wire        . .        . . 

h  Gutta-percha,  fine 

h  India-rubber,  Para  fine  . . 

/  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . . 

/     „    Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual, 

g  Lead,  English  Pig 

m  Manganin  Wire  No.  38  . .        . . 

g  Mercury         

e  Mica  (in  original  cases)  small  . . 
e     >,  I,  „      medium 

e     !•  M  „      large   .. 

p  Phosphor  Bronze,  plain  castings 
p         n  n    rolled  bars  &  rods 

p         „  „  rolled  strip  &  sheet 

o  Platinum       

d  Silicium  Bronze  Wire 
Steel,  Magnet,  in  bars 
g  Tin,  Block  (English) 
a    „     Wire,  Nos.  1  to  16    . . 
p  White  Anti-friction  Metals 
k  Zino,  Bh'l  (Vieille  Montagne  bnd.) 


per  ton 
per  lb. 


per  lb, 


pN- ton 


per  lb. 
per  bot. 
per  lb, 


per  oz, 
per  lb. 
per  ton 

per  lb. 
per  ton 


£95 

£in 

£120 

£88  to  £118 

lOJd. 
8|d. 

m. 

l/OH- 
lljd. 
£92 
£93 
£93 
£80 
£97 
£86 
lOid. 
S/8 
4/9 

lao 

7/-  to  8/- 

4/64 

66/0} 

£14 
£18  6  to  £18 10 

6/6 
£7  8  6 
6d.  toSs. 
8/6  to  6/- 
7/6  to  11/- 
1/3  to  1/4 

w 

1/34 

186/- 

llgd. 

£» 

£281  10  to  £233  10 

3/9 

tU  to  £280 

£8113  6 


Fortnight's 
Inc.  or  Deo. 


4d.  inc. 
gd.  dec. 
id.  dec. 
|d. dec. 


£2  dec. 
£3  dec. 
£2  dec. 
Ad.  dec. 


id.  dec. 
1/4}  dec. 


(jQOtationB  supplied  by— 


a  Q.  Boor  4  Co. ' 

6  The  British  Aluminium  Co.,  Ltd, 
c  Tho9.  Bolton  A  Sons,  Ltd. 
d  Frederick  Smith  t  Co. 
e  F.  Wiggins  A  Sons. 
/  Indla-Rnbber,  Qplta-Peroha    and 
Telegraph  'Works  Co.,  Ltd: 

f  James  i  Bhakspeare, 
Edward  TIU  &  Oo. 


/  Boiling  A  Lowe. 

k  Morris  Asbby,  Ltd. 

/  Richard  Johnson  i  Nephew,  LIdi 

m  W.  T.  Qlover  &  Co.,  Lid, 

o  P.  Ormiston  &  Sons 

o  Johnson,  Malthey  k  Co.,  Ltd 

P 

rW.  IT.  Dennis  ft  Co. 


I^ahlin  United  Tramways  Co.,   Ltd,— The  directors 

have  declared  a  dividend  for  the  half-year  ended  December  Slst  at 
the  rate  of  0  per  cent,  per  annum,  less  income-tax,  on  both  the 
preference  and  ordinary  shares,  after  setting  aside  £10,000  towards 
renewal  of  rails,  £2,000  to  accident  insurance  reserve,  £6,000  to 
reserve  and  renewals  fund.     £11,257  is  carried  forward. 

Continental. — Fra.vce. — The  report  of  the  Societe 
Indnstrielle  des  Telephones,  of  Paris,  for  the  last  financial  year 
shown  a  net  profit  of  £04,194,  as  compared  with  £61,375  in  the 
preceding  12  months. 

Russia.— La  Society''  de  I'Usine  Electrolytique  de  Moscou  is  the 
name  of  a  new  company  which  has  just  been  formed  with  a  capital 
erf  l,200,0<i0  roubles  to  establish  works  noar  Moscow  for  the 
ele«'trolytical  production  of  copper  and  other  metals. 


An^lo-.4nieri<'an  Telefrraph  Co..  Ltd. — The  directora 

have  resolved  to  pay  the  following  dividends  to  the  close  of  the  year 
1912,  viz. :  A  balance  dividend  of  £1  10s.  per  cent,  upon  the  ordinary 
consolidated  stock  for  the  year  ;  a  balance  dividend  of  £1  lOs.  per 
cent,  upon  the  preferred  stock  for  the  year  ;  a  first  and  final  divi' 
dend  of  £1  lOs.  per  cent,  ujwn  the  deferred  stock  for  the  year — all 
payable  on  February  Istnext,  less  income-tax.  The  above  dividends, 
together  with  those  already  paid,  will  amount  to  £3  15b.  per  cent, 
on  the  ordinary  consolidated  stock,  6  per  cent,  on  the  preferred  stock, 
and  £  1  1 0s.  per  cent,  on  the  deferred  stock. 

•lapan. — The  Yokohama  Electric  Railway  Co.,  which 
has  just  declared  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  8  per  cent,  per  annum 
for  the  last  half-vear,  is  increasing  its  capital  from  £300,000  to 
£fiOO,'iOO. 


Vol  73.  No.  1,884,  jawuabt  IT,  1918.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIE"W. 


109 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELEOTRIOAL     GOMPANZKB. 


ENGLISH    ELECTRICITY   SUPPLY   AND  POWER   COMPANIES. 


Boarnemoath  A  Poole,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    «4%Pref 

Do.     Second  B  %  Pref. 

Do.     4i  %  Dob.  Bjook  . . 
Brompton  A  KcnHln^ton,  Ord... 

Do.    7  %  Oum.  Pref 

Oentrsl   Eleotrlo  Bupply,  t  %\ 

Quftr.  Deb.  / 

Qiaring  OroBs,  W«st  End  A  City 

Do.    4i  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do,     •^Olly     Undertaking") 
<i  %  Cam.  Pref.  J 

Do,         Do.  i%Deb 

CbelBSB,  Ord 

Do.    4J%Deb 

City  o(  London,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    B%Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb. 
County  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    44  %  Deb 

Do,    44  %  Second  Deb. 
EdmandBon'8,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.     6<"„  NonCuin.  Pref.      .. 

Do.    44  %  First  Mori.  Deb.  . . 
Folkestone 

Do,    C%  Cam.  Pref 

Do.    44%FlrelDeb 

HoTe 


Stork 
or 

DiTidendn 
tor 

Closing      1  Rise  Present 
Quotations    !  +  or  [   Yield 

■AMB, 

Block 
or 

nt,iA.„A.\       Oloelng         Rise    Pretert 
Dindendti    Q„o^„o"„      +  „     yi„a 

Sbaio. 

Jan.  nth. 

FaU      p.a. 

—                                        

Bharo 

Jan.  14tb. 

FkU  .     PM, 

* 

mil. 

ima 

ill.  d. 

• 

Ull. 

1919. 

J 1.  d. 

10 

« 

Si 

B*-I0i 
83-    0! 

..       6    4    9 

1   KeDRlngtonftKnlgbtsbrldgeiOrd 

6 

9 

81 

7«-    84 

6  10    0 

10 

*<i 

4  12    4 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Btook 

4 

4 

»2  —  B6 

4    4    8 

10 

B 

8 

10  -  io| 

..       8  H     a 

Kent  Eloc.  Power,  44  %  Deb.  .. 
London  Electric,  Ord 

Stock 

^ 

«4 

78-83 

6    9    U 

stock 

44 

<4 

on  -  !l«  xd 

1  11  10 

8 

'it-    '•' 

8  16 

6 

in 

91 

M-    PJ 

8    8     I 

Do.    8%  Pref 

6 

r 

n 

4H    64 

6  14 

6 

7 

7 

4-    9 

,, 

8  17    9 

Do.    4  %  First  Mort.  Deb,    .. 

Btook 

4 

4 

R?  -  91 

4    8    0 

100 

« 

4 

85-98 

i    1    8 

Metropolitan         

Do.    4    %  Onm.  Pref 

6 
6 

4 
4 

41 
44 

Si-    n      1    .. 

6    8    3 
6     1     6 

S 

6 

B+ 

4g-    H 

4  17    7 

Do.    4    %  First  Mori.  Deb.  .. 

Block 

4 

4 

bf-ui  xd 

4  10    0 

6 

44 

*h 

4B-    84 

+  4 

4  10    0 

Do.    8   %  Mori.  Deb 

Stock 

8 

8 

St  —  88  xd 

4     1    6 

5 

4 

H 

SI-    4il3Cd 

6    2  10 

Midland   Eleotrlo  Corporation  ) 
44  %  First  Mori.  Deb.  / 

too 

*i 

44 

97  -  93  xd 

4  10  11 

100 

4 

4 

93  —  94 

4    5    1 

Newoastle-on-Tyne  6  %  Pref.,  1 

6 

6 

6 

41-    41 

6    3    1 

S 

S 

4t 

*i-   64 

+  4 

4  17    7 

Non-Cum.  / 

Stock 
10 

8** 

44 

fit 

BC  -  99  xd 
16  -  18 

4  10  11 
4    9    0 

North  Metropolitan  Power  Sup- 1 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  / 

Netting    Hill,   8  %  Non-Cam. ) 

Ptef.; 

100 

8 

6 

994-1024 

+  1 

4  17    7 

10 
Stock 

8 

n 

6 

13  -  184 

IIH  -120 

4    9    0 
4    .1    4 

10 

6 

8 

H-  10}  xd 

..    1  «  11    7 

100 

44 

4A 

ICO  —102 

+  h 

4    8    3 

Oxford          

6 

7* 

fli 

61-    84           ..696 

10 

B 

41 

na-  12 

6    0    0 

St.  James' and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

6 

10 

101 

94-  loj      i     ..     ,  4  17    7 

10 

8 

8 

11*-  12 

-  4 

6    0    0 

Do.    7%  Pref 

6 

7 

7 

8f—    7}       1     ..       4  18    7 

Stock 

*i 

w 

104  -lOS  xA 

4   4  n 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Smitbflefd  Markets,  Ord. 

100 

H 

84 

«4  -  87  xd        ..,406 

Stock 

4. 

98  -101 

4    8    8 

6 

r 

1>-   u 

..    '      .. 

r.i 

Ni\ 

A-      1", 

Nil 

South  London,  Ord 

4 

6 

»i-    Bg 

6  18    4 

6 

Nil 

H 

Do.    6  %  First  Mori.  Dob.    .. 

100 

6 

6 

97  —100  xd 

+  i 

6    0    0 

5 

u-  13 

South  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref. . . 

1 

7 

7 

^1^°' 

6    9    5 

100 

*>> 

*h 

84-87 

6    3    6 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Stock  .. 
Urban,  Ord 

100 

44 

44 

4  11    3 

s 

6 

8 

42-    64 

6  17     1 

£3 

Nil 

.. 

9|=8| 

,, 

6 

5 

6 

4a-    64 

,, 

4  17    7 

Do.    6  %  Cam.  Pref 

6 

3 

100 

«4 

■^ 

92-95 

4  14    9 

Do.    44%FirslMort.  Deb. ,. 

100 

*fl 

9I 

f5  -  88 

6    3    3 

E 

9 

Ht 

74-    8 

6  12    6 

Westminster,  Ord, 
Do.    44%  Onm.  Pref 

6 

10 

ti-    9 

:t 

6    6    8 

6 

4 

44 

44-    6Jxd 

4     5    9 

COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN   ELECTRICITY   SUPPLY   AND   POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pref 

Calcutta,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  1st  Mort.  Bds. 
Canadian  Qen.  El.  Com. 

Do.    7  %  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and  T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Bleo,  Lt.  and  P.  of  Coohabamba, ) 

6  %  Bonds  I 

Eleo.  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  1st  \ 

Mort.  Deb. ) 

EIco.  Dev.  Ontario,  6   %   1st) 

Mort.  Bonds  I 

Kalgoorlie  Eleo.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Kamini8tiquiaPower,e%  O.  Bs. 

Madras,  Ord.         

Melbourne,  6  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt.,  6%  1st  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do.    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Do,    6  %  let  Mort.  Sold  Bds, 


6 

8 

8 

6 

8* 

7t 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

$100 

7 

7 

JlOO 

7 

7 

1 

H 

5 

100 

5 

5 

100 

6 

8 

100 

6 

6 

$600 

6 

6 

10/ 

Nil 

1 

8 

6 

»500 

6 

6 

6 

Nil 

100 

6 

6 

sioo 

4f 

$100 

7 

6 

6i-    58 

6    6    8 

63-  n 

5  19    4 

m-  v« 

4  16    5 

92  —  94    xd 

—  5 

5    6    5 

116  —120    xd 

+  1 

6  1(1    8 

120  —124 

+  2 

6  l:i    0 

^z^ 

+  i 

6    6    8 
6     1     0 

FS  —  f.'-) 

+  1 

6    6     4 

90  —  93 

+  2 

.5     7    6 

954-  974 

+  h 

5    2    7 

t:,t 

Nil 
8  14    8 

1C2  -104  xd 

4  16    2 

IS-    1* 

-h 

101  —104  xd 

+  1 

4  16    3 

85  —  67  xd 

6  15    0 

84  —  67 

4  12    6 

106  —110 

+  » 

6    7    8 

964-  98J 

+  4 

5     1     6 

Monterey  Rly.  Light  &  Power, ) 

6  %  let  Mort.  Deb. ) 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power   . . 

Northern,  Lt.,Powerand  Coal, ) 

6  %  iBt  Mort.  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    5%  Deb.  Stock    .. 

Boy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  1 

1st  Mort.  Deb,  / 

Shawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44%  Per,  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb. 
Vera  Cruz  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  6  % ) 
1st  Mort.  Deb.  J 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 
West  Eootenay  Power  and  Lt.,  1 
1st  Mort.  6  %  Gk)ld  / 


100 

s 

6 

8100 

B 

9+ 

8500 

6 

5a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

8 

6 

Do. 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

8100 

6 

6     1 

8500 

6 

6 

Stock 
1    Do. 

Jt 

n 

100 

6 

6 

1 

ll|d. 

I7|d. 

100 

6 

6 

83  —  91 

237  —242 

25  —  30 

217  —227 
lOG  —111 
100  —102   xd 

S8  -100 
US  — 1E2 
10.",S-1C74 
1004-1024 
984-1004 
91  —  94  xd 

\i-    1 
1034-1064 


6  10 
3  14 


4  18  0 

4  10  0 

3  6  9 

4  13  n 
4  7  10 
4  9  7 
6    6  5 


TELE6BAFH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amazon  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  &  Teleg.,  Cap, 

Do.    CoUat,  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    Det 

Anglo  •  Portuguese   Tel,,  6  %  ) 
Mort.  Deb.  J 

Ohlll  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Btlg.  4%  Deb. 
Onba  Telegraph 

Do.     10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord, 

Do.    10  %  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  Umted  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg.  Deb.  J 
Bastem  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do.    84  %  Pre(.  Stock. . 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Eastern  Extension 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  S.   Africa  Tel.  4  %) 
Ml.  Db.  Mauritius  Bub. ) 
Qlobe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Qreal  Northern  Telegraph 
Indo-European  Telegraph 
Uackay  Companies  Ooirmon  .. 

Do.    4  %  Cum.  Pref 

Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    r%  Cum.  Partio.  Pref. 


10 

4 

4^t 

stock 

5 

5 

8100 

8 

8+ 

iJlOCO 

4 

4 

stock 

8 

B 

Do. 

8 

B 

Do. 

80/- 

100 

6 

6 

5 

7 

R 

Stock 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

4t 

6 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

100 

44 

44 

Stock 

7 

7t 

Do. 

84 

84 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7t 

Btook 

4 

4 

26 

4 

4 

10 

8 

6+ 

10 

6 

B 

10 

18 

18 

36 

13 

Bt 

8100 

6 

5 

$100 

4 

4 

1 

20 

1 

17 

7  -     7S 
96  -  98  xd 
142  —144    xd 
914—  934  xd 

67  -  69 
112—113 
26i—  264 

102  —104 

74—  7^xd 
80—82  :  ■ 

8-9 
16  -  17 

»i-  8J 

64-  7 

(ii-  7S 
99  —101 
1334—1364 
78  —  80 
96  —  98 
13  —  134 
96  —  98 

98  —  101 

108-  lOJ 
12g-  125 
28  —  30 
56A—  684 
85"—  88 

68  —  72 
4g-  4i 
Si-    4' 


6    0    0 

6    2    0 

+  4 

6  11     1 

4    5    7 

4    7    0 

+  f 

6    6    2 

6  J  5    5 

4  16    3 

5     3    3 

4  17    7 

^ 

6  13    4 

5  17    8 

£    6    8 

,. 

7    2  10 

6  15    7 

4    9    0 

6    2    7 

-i-i 

4    7    0 

-4 

4     1     8 

6    8    8 

-  ), 

4    1     8 

3  19    a 

5  10    4 

4  13    2 

6    0    0 

+  4 

6  11     1 

6  13    8 

•fi.'. 

6  U     I 

4     8  11 

4    5    0 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord 

Do.    5  %  Pref 

National  Telephone  Def. 

New  York  Telep.,  4*%  Gen,  Ends. 

Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo.    ' 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4%  Bed.  Deb 

Pacific  and  European  Tel.,  4  % ) 
Quar.  Debs.  / 

Beater's       

Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  % ) 
Deb.  Red.  ( 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs,,  1  to  1,6001 

guar,  by  Braz.  Sub.  Tel.  / 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg, 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  1st  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  2nd  Pref. 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


I 

6 

6t 

1 

6 

6 

stock 

8 

100 

44 

44 

1 

8 

6+ 

1 

8 

8 

Btook 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

lot 

Cert. 

8 

6 

stock 

44 

44 

6 

8 

5 

6 

6 

9i 

94 

100 

4 

4 

10 

24 

I4t 

10 

6 

e 

10 

6 

8 

100 

6 

6 

10 

7 

7t 

,  stock 

4 

4 

81000 

44 

44 

'  Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants. 


t  Interim  Dividend. 


3s.  in  Funded  Dividend  Certs 


CONtiNtEtt    DN    NEXT    t>AGE. 


110 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.  79.  No.  i.sst,  jantjabt  17, 1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OF    ELECTRICAL    COMFANIES.-<<^oM^«Me«i.) 

ELECTBIC   RAILWAYS   ASB   TBAMWATS.-HOME. 


Bath  Trmmi.  Fret.  Ort 

Do.    6%Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Brit.  Elec.  Trac,  6  %  Pref,     . . 
Do.        Do.  Deferred 

Do.         6%CQm.Pr'f. 

7%  Non-Cnm.  Pr'f. 

6  f.  Perp.  Deb.     . . 

4i  %  and  Deb.       . . 

Oentntl  Iionditn  Bailwsy,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Def 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

CUy  Sc  Bonth  London,  Ord, 
Do.    6  %  Pref.,  1891    . . 
Do,         1896    .. 
Do.         1901     .. 
Do.         1908    .. 

Do.    4%  Dob 

Dublin  United  Tr»me,  6  %  Pref. 
Orest  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
ButingB  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4*  %  Deb 

ele  of  Thanet  Trams,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

LancMhire  United,  B  %  Deb.  . . 

London  Elec.  Railw'y9,4  %  Deb. 

London  United  Trams, 6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb. 


Do. 
Oo. 
Do. 
Do. 


Do. 
Do. 


100 
100 
100 
10 
100 


DiTldends 
tor 


1913. 
Nil 


lit 


■^ 


Cloalng 
Qnotations 
Jan.  14lh. 


=  «1 


B7A- 
109'- 
109  - 
lOit  - 
lOil  - 


69  — 
2*- 
7S  — 
7S  - 
95  — 


74 

Si. 
go  xd 
80  xd 
97  xd 


Rise 

Present 

+  or 

Yield 

Fall 

P.O. 

— 

Mb.  d. 

NU 

6    8    1 

— '* 

5  11     1 

6  is    4 

6    4    2 
6    7    2 
S  11     6 
4  14    2 

~^ 

2    7    7 
4    0    0 

41 

3  11     5 

4  10     1 
4  10     I 
4  10     1 
4  10     1 
4    0    0 
4  12    4 

Nil 
8    6    8 
0     1     7 

4  15    3 

5  0    0 

6  5    0 
4    3    6 

6  ii    1 

HelTOpoUtan  Railway  Ooniol, . . 

Do.    Sorplaa  Landi    . . 

Do,    8i%Deb 

Do.    8)%  Pref 

Do.    a*  %  Oon.  Pref 

Metropolitan  District  Ord.      .. 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Deb 

Prior  Lien    , . 

First  Pref 

.Gtd 

Metropofitan  Bleo,  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    Def 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do.    5%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    B%Pref 

Do.    4i  %  Deb 

Soath  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground     Elec.    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cum.  Inc.  Deb, 

Do.    4i%  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Biding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    44%  Deb 


Stock 

DlTldendB 

Bbare. 

for 

* 

1911. 

1913. 

100 

i 

1  t 

100 

3 

3  f 

100 

» 

8 

100 

H 

B 

100 

8 

tt 

100 

Nl 

Ni 

100 

6 

6 

100 

4 

4 

100 

4 

4 

100 
100 

^ 

8 

1 

H 

5 

1 

NU 

1 

R 

6 

100 

M 

M 

100 

E 

6 

1 

m 

1 

6 

6 

100 

4« 

«4 

1 

6 

100 

4 

« 

10 

1/- 

100 

6 

100 

H 

** 

100 

A 

±•2 

6 

Nil 

6 

8 

3+ 

100 

4 

H 

Closing 

Rise  1 

Qnotations 

+  or 

,Jan.  14th. 

Fall 

BSJ-  631 

-H 

63  —  64 

68  -  90 

88.-87 

84-86 

41j-  49} 

—1 

189  -141  xd 

9.S  —  95  xd 

99  —101 

89  —  91 

76  —  78 

.. 

't^'t 

" 

3-     I 

8a  -  92  :d 

-2 

94  —  97 

.. 

p  ii 

86-88 

,, 

8^*=  7j*xd 

43-     5 

+  i 

s-*-     53 

111  -113 

,, 

98  —100  xd 

96-96 

41 

a|—    BJid 

-i 

77  -  61  xd 

Present 
Yield 
p.o. 


M  I.  i. 

3  0    6 

4  6  0 
B  17  9 
4  0  6 
4    15 

Nil 
4    4    0 

4  3    6 

5  19    M 

4  18  11 
«    9    9 

5  1     1 
HU 

5  14    S 

4  17  10 

5  a    1 


•  19  0 

6  8  8 

7  7  8 

5  14  4 
NU 

6  'e  3 

4  la  0 

lih 

4  13  4 

6    8  5 


ELECTRICAL   RAILWAYS   AND   TRAMWAYS.— COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  lit  Fret.     . . 

Do.    and  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do.    6%Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Elec.  B.  &  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    4i  %  Deb 

Do.    6  %  and  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light"  and  1 

Power  J 

Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ord.  -  .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

B,  Columbia  Elec.  Rly.,  Def.    .. 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    4t  %  iBt  Mort.  Deb.      . . 

Do.    4*  %  Vancouver  Deb,    . . 

Do.    4i_%  Con.  Deb 

Calcutta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

City  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr.  4  Lt.,6%Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  .. 

Do.    6%  A  Deb 

Do.    6%BDeb 


5 
6 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
100 
100 


6 

100 

1 

6 

100 

100 

tlOOO 


n 

n 

4 

4 

H 

«4 

6 

6 

6 

E 

6 

6 

i* 

«4 

6 

6 

8 

8t 

6 

6 

*i 

4 

H 

6 

6 

fi 

6 

*i 

U 

n 

H 

7 

M 

6 

6 

3l 

4i 

6 

b\ 

6 

E 

6 

E 

E 

E 

Nil 

6 

E 

6 

a 

4J-  5Jxd 
4,",-  4^8  xd 
924—  94Jxa 
98  -lOOxd 
98i-10CA 
101  —103  xd 
114-  124 

96  -  98  xd 

97  —  99  xd 

98  —100 

6|-     7S 
4?-    Si 

99  —102  xd 
139  -144 
119  —123 
1074-1104 
100  —103 
103  —105 

97  —100 
5i-    6J 
4H-BA='d 
97  —100 
8-     J 

Bt',-  5U 
97  —100  xd 
93-97 
99  —108 

A-      A 

88  —  TS  xd 
80  —  40 


6  7  4 
6  14  8 
4  4  8 
4  10  0 
4  19  6 
4  17  1 
4  18    0 

4  11  10 

5  10 


6    8  6 

4  16  8 

4    8  3 

6  11  2 

4  17  7 

4  10  6 

4    7  5 

4   «  9 

4    6  0 

6  12  0 

4  17  7 


4  8  0 
6  0  0 
6  8  1 
4  17    1 

NU 
B  13    8 


La  Plata  Eleo.  Trmi,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    B%Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  .. 
ManaoB  Trams  4  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Eleo.  R.and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Qen.  Con.  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6%  Bonds 

Para  Eleo.  RIys.  4  Lt.,  Ord.    . . 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    6%  let  Deb 

Perth  (W.A.)  Eleo.  Tr.,  Ord,   . . 

Do.    6%  1st.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  4  Bup.,  Pref. .. 

Do.    44  %  let  Deb 

Riode  Janeiro  Tramg,  IstMort. ) 
6  %  Bonds  I 

Do,    B  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Panlo  Tram,  Lt.  and  P,  ) 
B  %  Ist  Deb,  I 
Blngapore  Trama.fi  %  Deb. 
Southern  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  6  %  Deb. 
Un.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  , . 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do,    B  %  Ist  Deb 

Winnipeg  Bleo.  Bly„  «4  %  Deb, 


1 

Nil 

1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

6t 

1 

6 

« 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

E 

100 

5 

B 

tiooo 

E 

6 

•100 

7 

71 

B 

E 

100 

6 

6 

E 

10 

lot 

E 

6 

6 

100 

E 

B 

1 

5 

64 

100 

6 

E 

B 

6 

6 

100 

41 

4* 

6 

B 

100 

S 

6 

«600 

6 

E 

100 

E 

6 

100 

E 

6 

6 

7 

fit 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

4 

4 

^1;* 

1  -    1}  xd 

91  —  96  xd 

105  -102 

87  —  90xd 

1004—1024 

1114-1134 

—  1 

98  -100 

:t 

101  — lOSxd 

7i-    8 

4  i 

4i-    53 

-  4 

98  -100 

1A-1J4 

105  -108  xd 

42 

6g—    6ixd 

97  —  99  xd 

.. 

1004-1024  xd 

4   4 

964-  984 

108  —105 

4  4 

82-86 

97  —  99 

41 

r-n 

-4 

99  -103 

99* -1024 

4  4 

8    0  0 

4  16  0 

4  16  0 

6    6  8 

4  18  0 

6  11  1 

4  17  7 

6    8  4 
BOO 

6  16  6 

6  0 


E  11 

6    0  0 

3  14  S 

4  13  7 
6  0  0 
4  10  11 

4  17  7 

6    1  6 

4  15  8 

E  17  8 

6    1  0 

fi  19  a 

5  11  7 
4  18  0 
4    7  10 


MANUFACTURINe  COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Baboook  4  WUcoz 

Do,    Pref.  

British  Aluminium,  Ord, 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    B  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.     Deb.  8tk 

B.L  4  Belsby  Cables      .. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Deb 

British  Thomson-Bonston,  Deb. 
British  Weetinghoose,  Pref,    .. 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6%  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do.    Pref.  

Brush,  7%  Prof 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     . . 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb, 
Oallender's  Cable 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Deb 

Uastner-Eelloer 

Do,    Deb 


1 

6 

1 

6 

6 

1 

38 

14i 

1 

6 

6 

1 
1 

Nil 

Nil 

100 

B 

6 

100 

6 

5 

E 

10 

8( 

E 

6 

6 

100 

100 

8 

* 

i 

J 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

6 

1 

I 

a 

Nil 

NU 

100 

B 

E 

100 
100 

n 

t 

E 

16 

m 

E 

E 

6 

100 

44 

44 

1 

ao 

30 

100 

4i 

41 

4-     1 

8    0    0 

ih-    ii 

7    7    8 

'^ 

4  14    0 

4    0    0 

ik-     iS 

89  -  99  xd 

6    8    8 

86-89 

5  12    4 

^b|=4^ 

6    3     1 
4  14     1 

102  —104  xd 

4    6    7 

94  —  96 

4  18    9 

':i-    is 

Nil 

58  —  61  xd 

6  11     3 

100  —108 

6  16    6 

a/. -a/. 

Nil 

4/6-6/. 

Nil        i 

0-    4 

NU 

73  —  .78  xd 

6    8    3 

47  —  63 

8  IS    3 

28  —  82xd 

14     1     4 

^r^^ 

u 

6  11  10 

4  17    7 

97  —100  xd 

4  10    0 

lfc09^ 

+A 

6    6    0 
4    3    7 

Crompton  4  Oo 

Do.    Deb 

Dick,  Kerr 

Do,    Pref 

Do,    Deb 

Edison  4  Bwan,  A,  M  paid 

Do.    fully  paid  .. 

Do,    4  %  Deb 

Do.    B  %  Second  Deb, 
Electric  GonatraotloD    .. 

Do.    Pref 

Qreenwood  4  Batley,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

General  Eleotrio,  Pref,  .. 

Do.    Deb 

I  Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Indla-Rubber,  Q,  4  T,     . . 

Do.    Pref. 
Telegraph  Construction.. 

Do.    Deb 

WUlans  4  Robinion 

Do.    Pref 

Do,    Deb 


B 

100 

1 

1 

100 

6 

6 

100 

100 

a 
a 
10 

100 
10 

100 

6 


10 
10 

13 
100 

1 

t 

100 


NU 

9     1  10 

6  17  2 
4  11  10 

Nil 

NU 

6  17  8 
8  18    4 

7  1  4 
7  0  0 
BBS 
6    «-  9 

4  '4  8 

6    6  0 

4    7  10 

4    7  6 

6  16  4 

4  17  7 

5  18  0 
4    I  8 

Ml 
HO 

e  16  7 


Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  folly  paid,     f  Interim  dividend. 


Bank  rate  ot  Discount  6  per  cent.,  October  17th,  1912. 


Vol.72.  No.i,8B4,jAN0AUTn,  i9ifl.]'   THE    ELECTRTCAL    REVIEW. 


Ill 


WIRELESS    TELEGRAPHY    WITHOUT 
SPARKS. 


That  omission  of  Hertzian  waves  on  which  wireless  tele- 
graphy dependH  is  obtained  by  the  setting;  up  of  suitable 
oscillations  in  a  conducting  antenna.  CorreRponding  to  the 
industrial  frequency  of  .'iO  cycles  per  sec,  is  a  wave  length 
of  6,000  km.  and,  since  the  niaxinniin  wave  length  which 
can  yet  be  obtained  from  an  aerial  is  about  10  times  tlie 
length  of  the  wires  employed,  a  (iOO-km.  antenna  would  be 
required  to  utilise  .^O-cycle  (nirrent.  An  aerial  ()•(;  km. 
((■(00  yd. ),  in  letigth  corresponds  to  exciting  frequency  of 
;")(»  kilocycles  per  sec.  ('iirrents  of  such  frequency  are  easily 
obtained  by  employing  the  oscillatory  dischai-ge  from  con- 
densers, but  numerous  endeavours  have  been  made  to 
construct  iiiachines  which  should  generate  currents  of  sufh- 
ciently  high  frequency  (say,  r»0  key.)  lor  di^ect  excitation 
of  the  aerial  without  intermediate  condensers.  .Vnother  line 
of  research  has  been  directed  towards  the  designing  of  a 
form  of  aerial,  which  should  occupy  very  small  space,  but 
yield  a  very  long  wave  (say,  ;{0-(iO  km.,  corresix)nding  to 
an  exciting  frequency  of  10-;")  key.,  for  which  dynamo- 
electric  machines  can  now  be  easily  constructed). 

American  endeavour  has  been  concentrated  on  the  evolu- 
tion of  high-frequency  generators.  Alexanderson  has  built 
machines  providing  200  key.  frequency  (corresponding  to 
antennse  with  ],;jOO  m.  wave).  Unfortunately,  such  a 
machine  runs  at  20  kilorevs.  per  min.,  and  presents 
mechanical  features  which  prevent  its  general  use.  Finally, 
its  efficiency  is  less  than  5  per  cent.  A  number  of  German 
engineers,  starting  from  the  assumption  that  the  length  of 
ground  occupied  by  the  aerial  should  not  exceed  1  km.,  and 
the  area,  20  hectares,  have  endeavoured  to  design  satis- 
factory 50-kcy.  alternators.  Count  Arco's  machine, 
recently  exhibited  in  London,  actually  realised  10  per  cent. 
efficiency  (though  the  Telefunken  Co.  claim  24  per  cent. 
efficiency  under  favourable  circumstances).  The  con- 
structional details  of  this  machine  are  secret  up  to  the 
present,  but  better  results  have  already  been  obtained  with 
other  machines.  The  Goldschmidt  alternator  (Ei.EcTincAr, 
Review.  November  2-Jth,  IDll.  page  hno)  realises  50  per 
cent,  efficiency,  but  its  arrangement  is  hardly  adapted  for 
continued  use  in  an  ordinary  radio-telegraph  station. 

Our  contemporary,  Genir  Civil,  announces  results  which 
have  been  obtained  by  M.  J.  Bethenod,  who  has  sought  to 
obtain  economically  a  very  long  wave,  thus  making  possible 
the  use  of  low -frequency  alternators,  which  have  the  important 
practical  advantages  of  low  cost  and  high  efficiency  and 
reliability. 

The  velocity  of  propagation  of  Hertzian  waves  = 
300,000  km.  per  sec.  =  A  x  f  =  wave  length  x 
frequency.  American  and  German  investigators  have 
endeavoured  to  reduce  X  by  increasing  F.  whereas  M. 
Bethenod  has  endeavoured  to  increase  X  as  far  as  possible 
(while  retaining  a  small  aerial  structure),  thus  securing  a 
more  reasonable  value  for  i'. 

The  Blondel  sheet  antenna  (U)03)  makes  possible  wave 
lengths  10  times  as  great  as  are  obtainable  from  a  single 
wire.  Slaby  endeavoured  to  increase  the  wave  length  of 
radiations  by  introducing  capacity  and  inductance  in  the 
aerial  (1905),  but  was  not  able  to  obtain  satisfactory 
results.  In  1908,  Athearn  (New  York)  proposed  a  sheet 
aerial  in  which  the  conductors  were  arranged  as  a  zig-zag 
grid  ;  long  waves  were  obtained,  but  such  a  confusion  of 
wave  lengths  was  generated  that  the  aerial  was  of  no 
practical  value. 

The  difficulty  in  increasing  the  capacity  and  inductance 
of  an  aerial  arises  from  the  formation  of  nodes  at  the  points 
where  high  inductance  is  inserted  ;  the  wave  length  generated 
then  corresponds  to  part  only  of  the  aerial,  and  may  actually 
be  shorter  than  that  of  the  original  simple  antenna. 
Although  full  particulars  cannot  yet  be  disclosed,  owing  to 
patent  negotiations,  M.  Bethenod  claims  to  have  designed 
a  type  of  aerial  providing  about  10  times  as  great  a  wave 
length  as  can  be  obtained  from  an  ordinary  sheet  aerial  of 
similar  size.  Preliminary  tests  show  that  the  method 
adopted  for  adding  capacity  and.  inductance  provides  an  in- 
crease in  wave  length  corresponding  exactly  to  the  theoretical 


rt'HiiltH  obtained  by  Humming  convergent  scries,  the  teimK  of 
whi(;h  represent  the  il<  nientary  capjicities  and  indnctan(«H. 

To  obtain  u  <;o-kiii.  wave  re(|uireH  alxiut  1  km.  of  nrrial 
under  the  l')ith> nod  system  as  compared  with  10  km.  Dn<l»;rthc 
Marconi,  Telefunken  and  (ioldwihraidt-Lorenz  aystcms.  In 
large  stations,  the  aerial  towers  must  be  about  100  m.  in 
height ;  and  whereas  six  or  eight  are  required  for  a  H*thenf<d 
aerial  yielding  a  f'.O-km.  wave,  M)  would  be  required  for  an 
ordinary  aerial  providing  the  wune  wave  length.  Other 
things  being  equal,  the  antenna  for  a  <'.,000-m.  wave  would 
re(|uirc  10  towers  and  a  strip  of  ground  I  km.  in  length 
using  present  tyfies  f(f  aerials,  iis  compared  with  four  tf)werK 
under  the  Bethenod  system.  It  appears  unnecessary  to  nse 
towers  higher  than  HO  m.  in  the  latter  system,  whereas,  to 
reduce  the  number  of  towers  where  ordinary  aerials  are  nscfl, 
the  umbrella  type  of  antenna,  carried  by  a  central  tower  of 
enormous  height  (250  ra.  in  the  new  Xauen  station),  has 
been  adopted. 

If  the  inventor's  hopes  are  realised,  10  key.  per  sec.  alter- 
nators will  suffice  for  the  direct  excitation  of  licthenod 
aerials.  Such  alternators  can  be  of  reasonable  mechanical 
and  electrical  design  and  of  high  efficiency  :  probably  poly- 
phase machines  will  be  used  with  advantage.  The  use  of 
two-phase  current  in  important  stations  has  hitherto  been 
prevented  by  the  necessity  for  two  aerials  set  at  right- 
angles,  but  M.  Bethenod  claims  to  have  evolved  a  method  of 
connection  enabling  efficient  inversion  of  one  phase,  so  that 
a  two-phase  alternator  can  be  directly  connected  to  a  single 
aerial. 

In  the  absence  of  those  details  which  will  determine  the 
success  or  failure  of  the  new  system,  we  can  at  least  say  that 
France  appears  to  have  come  nearest  to  a  practical  system  of 
sparkless  wireless  telegraphy.  In  spite  of  all  syntonic  pre- 
cautions, a  pure  wave  cannot  be  practically  obtained  from  a 
spark  system  of  wireless  telegraphy  :  by  the  direct  excitation 
of  the  aerial  from  an  alternator,  however,  a  sustained  and 
practically  pure  train  of  waves  can  be  emitted,  thus  improving 
syntonic  reception,  increasing  the  distance  of  transmission 
and  avoiding  interference  between  stations.  Multiplex  work- 
ing should  be  a  possibility,  the  jn-oblems  of  wireless  telephony 
would  be  greatly  simplified,  and  it  is  probable  that  new  pheno- 
mena and  laws  would  be  discovered  in  the  generation  and  appli- 
cation of  the  long  Bethenod  waves.  If  these  hopes  are  realised, 
there  is  no  reason  why  speeds  up  to  200  words  per  min.  (ten 
times  the  speed  of  simple  trans-Atlantic  cable  working  and 
six  times  the  speed  of  duplex  cable  transmission)  should  not 
be  reached.  In  short,  the  scope  and  utilisation  of  wireless 
telegraphy  would  be  literally  revolutionised.  A  tremendous 
amount  of  labour  has  been  expended  in  seeking  a  solution  to 
the  problem  of  practical  and  efficient  aerial  excitation,  and 
it  is  to  be  hoped  that  this  has  now  been  found. 


REVIEWS. 


Eh'cirkiiy  made  Fkiin.      By  G.  K.  Peers.      Manchester  : 
J.  Heywood,  Ltd.     Price  Is.  net. 

The  author's  object  is  to  explain  the  various  uses  of 
"  practical  electricity  "  in  a  general  way  intelligible  to  the 
average  reader  without  scientific  knowledge.  The  ambitions 
scope  of  the  work  naturally  condemns  many  most  important 
applications  of  electrical  energy  to  a  very  cursory  treatment, 
thus,  electricity  on  ships  and  electricity  in  newspaper  offices 
are  each  treated  in  less  than  one  page.  Electric  welding, 
the  lighting  of  small  houses,  electricity  in  agriculture  and 
horticulture,  and  other  important  applications  are  dismissed 
even  more  briefly.  In  contrast  to  this,  40  pages  are  devoted  to 
medical  applications  of  electricity.  Undoubtedly  the  latter 
are  very  important,  but  in  a  work  intended  to  present  the 
non-technical  reader  with  a  well-balanced  review  of  present 
day  uses  of  electricity,  it  is,  to  say  the  least,  unjust  to  dis- 
miss each  of  a  number  of  applications,  involving  a  vast 
capital  expenditure  and  revolutionising  so  many  phases  of 
industry,  in  about  one-fiftieth  of  the  space  devoted  to  medical 
electricity.  The  information  given  in  the  various  sections 
should  certainly  be  intelligible  and  interesting  to  the  Jayman» ' 
but  it  will  be  obvious  that  under  the  above  spiace  limita- 


112 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    C^oJ-  "•  ^o- 1.«3*.  J^vvahj  it,  iei3, 


tions  the  merest  skeleton  outline  has  had  to  suffice  in  the 
treatment  of  many  important  branches.  Within  the  space 
limitations  imposed,  the  industrial  sections  are,  with  few 
exceptions,  excellent. 

The  arrangement  of  the  work  is  open  to  criticipm. 
Chapter  III  mentions  arc  lamps  and  arc  furnaces,  and 
abruptly  terminates  by  a  statement  of  the  capital  invested 
in  electrical  nndertakiiifjs  in  the  United  Kingdom.  Then, 
after  dealing  with  viectric  traction  in  Chapter  IV,  the 
generation  of  electricity  is  consideied  in  Chapter  V,  instead 
of  following  immediately  after  the  paragraphs  on  galvanic 
electricity,  as  had  better  have  l)een  the  case.  That  any  his- 
torical basis  has  been  adopted  in  the  arrangement  cannot  be 
maintained,  since  telegraphs  are  dealt  with  in  Chapter  VII 
— after  the  notes  on  electric  lighting,  traction,  generation, 
public  supply,  heating,  cooking  and  ice-making.  Railless 
traction  and  the  uses  of  electricity  on  railways  are  mentioned 
in  Chapter  XIY,  and  are  immediately  followed  by  sections 
dealing  with  the  electrical  transmission  of  photographs, 
writing  and  time  signals.  The  chapter  on  wireless  tele- 
graphy is  very  good,  but  it  is  not  clear  why  a  section  on  the 
storage  of  electricity  should  be  tacked  on  to  the  end  of  it. 
Also,  why  are  heating  pads,  electric  saucepans,  irons,  vacuum 
cleaners  and  ovens  mentioned  without  pause  or  dissociation 
in  the  section  entitled,  "  The  electric  light  liath  "  r  Further 
mention  of  agricultural  electroculture  is  made  in  the  section 
on  medical  electricity,  and  the  information  there  given 
should  certainly  be  transferred  to  the  special  section  on 
electricity  in  agriculture. 

The  opening  paragraph  of  Chapter  III  describes  the  arc 
lamp  as  the  most  cflicient  form  of  artificial  illnminant,  but 
only  claims  for  it  an  efficiency  of  1  watt  per  c.v.  The  author 
speaks  of  a  consumption  of  500  watts  per  //our,  and  an 
efficiency  of  1  watt  per  c.v.  per  hour.  Roth  these  expressions 
are  utterly  meaningless.  We  are  strongly  of  the  c])inion 
that  more  space  should  have  been  devoted  to  electric 
lighting— encouraging  the  use  of  the  latter,  and  explaining 
the  choice  and  application  of  various  types  of  lamps. 
Similarly,  we  do  not  agree  with  the  dismissal  of  electric 
heating  and  cooking  in  a  couple  of  dozen  lines. 

Considering  the  i-hort  space  occupied,  tlie  notes  on  the 
generation  of  electricity  are  excellent,  but  we  do  not  think 
that  the  mistake  of  assuming  generation,  for  lighting  and 
power  purposes,  to  be  by  atmospheric  collection  or  frictional 
generation,  is  as  prevalent  as  the  author  supposes. 

The  statement  that  the  human  voice  is  the  vehicle  of 
transmission  of  messages  in  the  telephone  is  distinctly  mis- 
leading, and  the  risk  of  niisunderstanding  is  aggravated  by 
the  phrase  "The  human  voice  could  be  transniilted  .... 
through  a  wire  "  (Chapter  l.\)  ;  in  later  paragraphs,  how- 
ever, the  true  action  is  clearly  explained. 

The  author  states  that  the  whole  human  system  must  be 
brought  under  electrical  influence  to  attain  "  full  effects," 
supporting  this  argument  by  the  fact  that  the  effects  of 
quinine,  strychnine,  and  other  drugs  penetrate  to  every  part 
of  the  body.  He  at  once  vitiates  his  reasoning,  however,  by 
remarking  that  if  these  drugs  "  could  be  localised  in  a  single 
limb,  only  that  limb  would  be  directly  influenced  by  them." 
Electrical  treatment  can  be  thus  localised,  and  its  success  in 
connection  with  cases  of  partial  paralysis,  &c.,  depends  on 
the  correct  local  application  of  current  with  regard  to  nerve 
centres.  With  the  exception  of  the  rather  too  positive 
tone  adopted  in  asserting  the  beneficial  effects  of  various 
electrical  treatments,  the  medical  section  of  the  book  is 
very  good. 

The  grammatical  style  adopted  is  c:areless  in  many  places, 
and  the  selection  of  wording  is  at  times  bad.  Instances  of 
lax  construction  are  as  follows  : — "The  simplest  method  of 
producing  electricity  which  can  be  put  to  jiractical  uses  is 
that  obtained  by  the  action  of  certain  chemicals  npon  metal." 
"This  is  analogous  to  the  steam  pressure  in  a  boiJer  in  order 
to  obtain  a  certain  amount  of  work  or  power  out  of  the 
steam  encrine."  "...  The  expert  .  .  .  would  be  able  to 
advise  the  customer  of  the  advantages  taking  place  in  the 
efficient  means  of  illumination.  .  .  ."  ".  .  .  If  this  is 
correct,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that,  in  view  of  the  impoitant 
results  already  obtained,  there  are  strong  grounds  for 
believing  that,  in  many  cases,  valuable  improvements  can  be 
effected  in  the  yield  of  agricultural  crops."  "  The  following 
list  of    diseagieB   treated    by  Wesley  with   electtntity,  with 


beneficial  results,  is  given  below,  which  seems  to  cover  a 
large  range.  ,  .  ." 

The  volume  concludes  with  a  useful  glossary  of  electrical 
terms  and  a  detachable  inquiry  form  for  use  by  readers. 
The  latter  is  a  valuable  innovation,  but  one  which  is  likely 
to  commit  the  author  to  an  enormous  amount  of  additional 
labour.  We  trust  that  the  author's  willingness  to  supply 
explanations  end  additional  information  will  not  be  abused. 

Any  handbook  attempting  to  treat  the  whole  field  of 
electi-:cal  engineering  in  a  popular  manner  is  bound  to  be 
op"n  to  considerable  criticism  ;  but  a  purchaser  of  the  pre- 
sent volume  will  certainly  get  excellent  value  for  his  money, 
and  a  good  ix)pular  groundwork  from  which  to  commence  a 
more  precise  and  detailed  study. 


Life   I'nchrstcocl :  from   a  scienli/ic  and   religious  point  of 

rieir,  and  fhe  practical  method  of  destroying  sin,  disease, 

and  death.     By  F.  L.  Eawson.     London  :  The  Crystal 

Press,  Ltd.     1012.     Price  78.  6d.  net. 

Without  doubt  this  is  the  most  extraordinary  production 

that  has  ever  appeared  from  the  pen  of  a  practical  man.     It 

is   indescribable,   in   the   sense  that  it  is  such   a   mixture 

of  mystery,  imagination,  quotation,  and  reference,  that  one 

scarcely  knows  where  to  begin  with  it.     In  a  pamphlet  sent 

out    by   the  jublishers,   "Life   Understood"  is  called  an 

"epoch-making"  book,  and   "  its  interest  is  not  lessened  by 

the  curious  fact  that  it  does  not  reach  the  world  as  the  work 

of  a  dreamy,  abstract  philosopher,  but  through  a  business 

man  of  wide  and  varied  activities,  one  of  the  most  successful 

engineers  of  the  day,  whose  previous  training  has  eminently 

suited  him  for  the  present  task." 

The  main  practical  points  elucidated  are  said  to  be  as 
follows  : — 

1 .  The  mysteries  of  birth  and  death  are  explained,  and 
sin,  disease,  and  death  shown  to  be  merely  crude  mistakes, 
resulting  from  ignorance  of  real  laws. 

2.  God  is  one  ever  living,  ever  active  and  an  unalterable 
Principle,  the  Principle  of  good,  the  omnipotence  of  which 
can  be  instantly  utilised  at  any  moment  for  any  good 
purpose,  by  ceasing  wrong  thinking,  and  thinking  rightly. 

3.  Man's  possibilities  are  limitless. 

4.  Each  reader  is  shown  how  he  himself  can  at  once 
put  into  practice,  in  some  degree,  the  scientific,  and,  there- 
fore, infallible  and  instantaneous  method  of  obtaining 
revolutionary  results,  ultimating  in  deliverance  from  every 
kind  of  difficulty,  including  sin.  disease  and  death. 

5.  The  overcoming  of  limitations  of  all  kinds  is  proved 
to  l>e  merely  a  matter  of  proportionate  obedience^  to  well- 
defined  laws. 

fi.  I'^reedom  from  all  worries  and  troubles  and  perfect 
I^eace  of  mind  can  be  rapidly  and  permanently  gained. 

7.  No  tortuous,  difficult  process  is  necessary  to  obtain 
such  results.  The  method  is  simplicity  itself,  merely  that 
of  right  thinking. 

After  perusing  this  startling  pronouncement,  we  settled 
down  in  our  arm-chair,  and  with  the  comfortable  thought 
that  we  had  at  last  unearthed  the  eighth  wonder  of  the 
world,  prepared  to  enjoy  ourselves  thoroughly.  Our  author 
had  evidently  written  "finis"  to  age-long  speculations,  had 
solved  the  problem  so  long  held  to  be  unsolvable,  had 
explained  in  a  mere  six  hundred  pages  or  so  the  mystery  of 
the  Universe.  We  started  therefore  at  Chapter  I,  and  soon 
came  across  many  interesting  things.  The  nrain  point, 
however,  seemed  elusive.  The  chapters  grew  and  grew, 
and  the  vital  secret  seemed  to  us  as  far  off'  as  ever ;  and  at 
the  end  of  the  600  pages  the  matter  was,  to  our  mind,  no 
nearer  solution.  Sixty  words  will  probably  suffice  for  an 
adequate  explanation  of  life  when  the  secret  is  really 
known. 

To  the  man  of  scientific  training  who  critically  reads 
through  the  work,  the  whole  thing  must  seem  stupefying. 
The  author  is  delving  in  unearthly  regions.  lie  is  making 
acquaintance  with  things  metaphysical.  Sir  Ray  Lankestcr 
likens  this  self-contained  Universe  with  its  known  and 
unbreakable  laws  to  a  quantity  within  brackets  ;  there  may 
or  may  not  be  a  factor  outside.  Our  author  appears  to  be 
working  with  this  factor,  and  to  be  manipulating  it  by  some- 
thing akin  to  the  laws  of  algebra  ;  a  factiit'  ^hich,  if  it  exists 


Vol.79.  No.  i.sai,  jandart  17,  1918.]    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


118  J 


ut  nil,  Ima  liiUicrto  only  beeii  swn  in  tlie  dim  hIjikIowb.  It 
belongs  to  the  retiliii  of  things  that,  as  Mr.  Soddy  says, 
cannot  be  "  conserved." 

The  autlior  has  certainly  written  a  book  that  is  unique. 
He  (li'uls  with  a  vast  array  of  sulijccts,  but  not  always  with 
the  pen  of  a  specialist.  For  instance,  liypnotiMii,  acrordinf^ 
to  his  idea,  is  cverHliinf;  that  is  bad  and  uscIchr.  He  does 
not  seem  to  be  aware  of  the  wonderful  mental  cures  that  are 
l)eing  etVected  every  day  by  means  of  this  truly  extraordinary 
science  ;  a  science  which  is  undergoing'  investigation  by 
medical  men  throughout  the  civiliKed  world.  Far  from 
being  a  terror  to  mankind,  all  the  omens  point  to  its 
becoming  one  of  the  greatest  blessings  lent  by  Providence  to 
humanity. 

The  author's  treatment  of  spiritualism  is  also  somewhat 
general.  The  whole  of  the  phenomena  connected  with  it 
are  luminously  explained  as  follows: — "The  s>d)-consciGUS 
mind  or  basic  false  '  mentality  '  of  the  material  man  is  always 
Ln  ethereal  touch  with  every  thought  in  the  material  world, 
past,  present,  and  future,  and  a  mixed  medley  of  ethereal 
thoughts  of  every  kind  and  description,  with  and  without 
any  logical  sequence  or  benefit  to  mankind,  are  intensified 
on  the  so-called  '  mind  'of  the  medium  until  they  are  mani- 
fested more  materially  in  the  form  of  what  are  called  the 
spirits  or  the  flowers  or  other  things  that  these  spirits  are 
supposed  to  bring  or  produce.  Thoughts  are  also  similarly 
intensified  so  that  you  may  hear  what  sounds  like  the  voice 
of  a  human  being,  or  see  virions  of  the  past  or  future." 

We  don't  know  whether  there  is  any  truth  in  spiritualism 
or  not,  but  at  any  rate,  we  would  lay  odds  against  this  as  tlie 
correct  explanation  of  the  phenomena. 

Throughout  the  book  weird  terms,  such  as  "  no-mind," 
"false  mentality,''  A-c,  flit  about  like  butterflies  in  a 
tropical  foliage.  We  become  confused  and  lose  the  thread 
of  the  argument.  Pferhaps  our  scientific  training  is  against 
an  unprejudiced  understanding. 


THE    TRADE    BOOM. 


[COimUNICATED.] 


In  spite  of  gloomy  and  superstitious  prognostications,  the 
trade  boom  is  continuing  to  develop,  even  though  we  have 
entered  the  thirteenth  year  of  the  twentieth  century.  AVe 
hear  from  all  quarters  of  scarcity  of  materials  and  labour  ; 
of  works  choked  with  orders,  of  high  wages  and  big  divi- 
dends. A  record  budget  both  as  regards  receipts  and 
expenditure  is  forecast. 

In  the  case  of  the  British  Empire,  a  profound  peace  coin- 
cides with  the  heaviest  warlike  preparations  in  its  history. 

A  strong  public  opinion  is  supporting  the  strenuous  efforts 
of  Sir  Edward  (irey  and  the  ambassadors  of  the  Great 
Powers  to  restore  the  blessings  of  peace  to  Europe,  and  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  those  efforts  will  be  successful. 

It  would  seem  as  if  even  the  armaments  men  were  begin- 
ning to  perceive  that  the  Dove  of  Peace  is  a  better  customer, 
and  has  more  money  to  spend  than  the  Vulture  of  War, 
which  is,  aft«r  all,  a  lean  and  savage  bird. 

It  may  be  that  the  disturbed  state  of  public  feeling  in 
Austria  and  Russia,  and,  to  a  lesser  degree,  in  Germany,  is 
diverting  trade  to  us.  But  making  allowance  for  that, 
there  appears  to  be  every  probability  of  the  continuance  of 
the  boom. 

The  outlook  for  manufacturers  in  the  engineering  trade 
is,  however,  not  without  keen  anxiety.  As  usual  at  such 
times,  the  coal  and  ironmasters  are  grabbing  more  than  their 
share  ;  and  the  rapid  advances  in  the  price  of  fuel  and  raw 
materials,  coupled  with  outrageous  delays  in  delivery,  are 
putting  many  manufacturing  engineers  into  a  most  difficult 
position.  There  are  only  too  many  big  firms  in  the  hands 
of  receivers,  or  almost  there,  in  spite  of  the  boom.  In  very 
few  cases  have  the  prices  of  the  finished  article  been  put  up 
proportionately.  That  always  takes  longer  to  come  about 
than  a  rise  in  price  of  iron,  coal  and  steel,  because  of  the  lack 
erf  combination  among  engineers.  The  coal  and  iron  pro- 
ducers alwajs  get  their  beads  together  in  good  time. 


Labour  is  still  iomiwhat  sullen  and  threau.Tiing,  on 
account  of  the  great  in<roa«o  in  the  cent  of  living,  and  the 
widespread  conviction  that  labour  in  not  even  yet  getting 
its  due.  It  is  said  that:  "  Price*  go  up  in  ihf  elevator, 
while  wages  creej)  up  the  stairs." 

The  increased  cost  of  living,  however,  hits  no  one  harder 
iban  that  great  class  of  salary  earnei-s  who  originate,  design, 
and  carry  llirongh  the  whole  business.  .'Nilari(sdo  not  rife  ; 
and  the  sujiply  of  young  men,  able  and  ambitious  and  well 
educated,  constantly  increases,  and  tends  rather  to  redu<« 
th(m.  In  times  like  the  pnsent  thete  salaried  men  are 
working  all  hours  without  any  payment  for  overtime,  and 
ill  many  eases  actually  taking  home  les.s  money  than  the 
workmen  they  direct. 

The  difficulty  of  organising  brain  wcjrkors  is  wellexempli- 
lied  in  the  ca^c  of  the  doctors,  who  certainly  had  a  belter 
chance  of  working  on  'J'rade  Union  lines  than  any  other 
profession. 

The  law  is  ccjualiy  well  protected,  but  it  isat  pri'sent  suffering 
from  the  fact  that  the  trades  are  much  too  busy  to  quarrel. 
There  seems  to  be  a  pause  in  the  race  of  im[)rovement  and 
invention,  as  capitalists  and  banks  can  get  out  all  their 
money  on  every-day  business,  and  they  resolutely  turn  a  deaf 
ear  to  the  suggestions  of  genius,  so  that  the  inventors' 
garrets  are  rather  more  overcrowdetl  than  usual. 

The  high  price  of  coal  and  oil,  and  the  fact  that  fear  of 
"corners"  prevents  anyone  from  relying  on  any  given  cost 
for  oil  for  more  than  a  few  months  ahead,  are  factors 
handicapping  power  producers  very  seriously. 

Fear  of  motor-'buses  checks  tramway  enterprise.  Witli 
abundant  traffic,  and  labour  in  a  less  threatening  attitude, 
the  railways  are  not  making  many  new  de])artures.  In  the 
great  questions  of  power  production  and  distribution,  little 
headway  is  being  made.  The  Government  is  far  too  busy 
with  politics  of  another  kind,  to  tackle  such  a  problem,  and 
yet  its  very  magnitude  necessitates  legislation  on  a  bold 
scale.  This  great  boon  of  cheap  power  might  do  more  for 
the  prosperity  of  the  country  than  even  a  restoiation  of  the 
canals,  which  seems  to  be  as  far  off  as  ever. 

It  appears  as  if  Parliament  would  never  have  time  for 
practical  affairs,  nor  a  party  leader  arise  to  adopt  such  a 
policy  as  his  main  plank. 

The  times  are  strenuous,  the  pressure  severe,  and  there 
seems  to  be  less  leisure  than  ever  for  engineers  to  cultivate 
what  the  Hcots  called  "  the  amenities." 

Literature  and  art  and  even  science  may  suffer  fi-om  a  pro- 
longed trade  boom,  and  perhaps  the  epitaph  of  this  genera- 
tion may  pro\  e  to  be  simply  :  "  It  made  money." 

Would  that  it  might  be  added  :  "  It  distributed  the  money 
fairly  ;  it  encouraged  genius  and  industry,  and  discouraged 
the  wastrel.  It  curbed  usury,  stopped  waste,  saved  and 
developed  its  sources  of  power  ;  it  promoted  health  and 
strengthened  the  race  :  it  lived  simply,  thought  clearly, 
provided  wisely  for  its  successors,  and  made  the  world  a  better 
cradle  for  the  human  race." 


GRAPHS   IK  A   CABLE-SHIP  DRUM-ROOM  : 
NOTES   FOR   JUNIOR   ASSISTANTS- 


By  EDWARD  RAYMOXDBARKEK. 


1.  Hitherto,  in  the  treatment  of  graphs  as  applied  to 
practical  problems  in  submarine  telegraphy,  the  writer  has 
confined  himself  to  the  electrical  side  of  cable  work  :  that  is 
to  say,  to  what,  during  his  past  professional  life,  has  been 
his  own  side. 

2.  Having  been  chief  electrician  on  various  cable-laying 
expeditions,  the  writer  naturally  has  had  the  advantage  of 
working  in  close  association  with  colleagues  responsible  for 
the  effective  carrying  out  of  other  branches  of  cable-ship 
routine.  Cable-faying  viewed  in  its  entirety  affords  a 
striking  instance  of  well-organised  division  of  important 
duties,  all  sections  of  the  staff  and  ship's  personnel  co- 
operating in  carrying  out  a  general  plan  in  a  manner  con* 


114 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE\TEW.    [Voi.  72.  no.  1,834,  jantjabt  17, 1913. 


ducive  to  eventual  success  in  what  often  proves  to  l)e — 
owing  to  climatic  drawbacks  and  adverse  weather  conditions 
— an  arduous  enterprise. 

3.  In  view  of  this  recognition  of  indebtedness  to  associa- 
tion with  colleagues  responsible  for  departments  of  work 
other  than  his  own,  the  writer  is  sure  that  none  other  than 
a  cordial  reception  will  be  extended  to  certain  tentative 
suggestions  on  his  part  in  the  direction  of  graphic  methods 
applicable  to  "  Drum-Hoom  "  or  "  Paying-Out  Office  "  routine 
work.  In  any  case,  graphic  methotls  afford  a  fascinating 
illustration  of  concrete  datji  as  a  rule  confined  to  tabular 
compilations  of  dry  figures. 

4.  (rraphic  treatment  will  be  applied,  firet  of  all.  to  the 
variation  in  cable-drum  jonstanf.-i,  with  different  types  of 
cable,  and  later  on,  to  questions  relating  to  the  percentage 
of  slack  paid  out,  in  the  course  of  cable-laying  operations,  at 
any  given  moment,  or  for  any  given  period  of  time. 

."1.  A  new  form  of  transparent  disc  calculator  also  will  be 
described  in  these  notes,  a  device  for  instantaneous  confirma- 
ticHi  of  cable-slack  data,  and  for  many  other  purposes. 

(i.  True  it  is  that  mechanical  contrivances  have  been 
devised — such,  p./;.,  as  that  described  on  page  310  of  Com- 
mendatore  Dr.  Itallo  Brunelli's  notable  work  on  telegraph 
construction" — for  indicating  automatically  the  percentage 
of  cable-slack  in  course  of  being  paid  out  ;  nevertheless,  the 
graph  methods,  and  the  new  transparent  disc  calculator 
suggested  by  the  writer,  will  not  be  without  their  uses. 

7.  It  will  be  well,  first  of  all,  here  to  examine  the 
mechanical  means  commonly  used  for  measuring  the  length 
of  a  telegraph  cable,  whether  the  said  measurements  be 
carried  out  for  days  and  weeks  during  the  laying  of  a  cable 
across  an  ocean,  or  whether  it  be  question,  merely,  of  trans- 
ferring cable,  say,  from  a  factory  tank  into  a  ship's  tank. 
In  the  latter  case,  not  only  has  the  correct  cable  length  to  be 
verified,  but  on  important  occasions — e.y.,  the  first  shipment 
of  a  new  cable — the  positions  of  joint  marks  and  mile  marks 
put  on  the  cable  in  course  of  manufacture,  have  to  be 
verified,  and  entered  up  in  "  tank  books,"  with  particulars 
as  to  the  whereabouts  of  each  one  in  any  given  "turn  "  of 
any  given  "  flake  "  of  cable  coiled  into  a  ship's  tank. 

i<.  It  follows,  also,  that  accurate  measurement  of  the 
cable  in  motion  necessarily  affords  data  for  computing  speed 
rate ;  for  instance,  so-  many  miles  of  cable  paid  out,  or 
shipped — as  the  case  may  be — per  hour.  It  stands  to  reason, 
therefore,  that,  in  any  of  the  aforementioned  operations, 
cable-length  measurements  must  be  carried  out  with  great 
exactitude. 

9.  Many  useful  data  relating  to  these  and  cognate  matters 
may  be  found  by  the  yonng  assistant  in  such  well-known 
books  as  Bright's  "  Submarine  Telegraphs  "  ;  Clark  and 
Sabine's  "  Tables  and  Formultv  "  ;  Munro  and  Jamieson's 
*'  Pocket  Book  "  :  and  Wilkinson's  new  and  revised  edition 
of  "  Submarine  Cable  Laying  and  Repairing,"  pages  228- 
280,  and  23.[)-246,  in  the  last-mentioned  work  being 
especially  useful. 

10.  The  following  notes,  however,  will  be  found  to  be  off 
the  beaten  track  of  the  text-books  to  an  extent  not  without 
advantage  to  the  young  reader,  whose  work  with  the  books, 
therefore,  will  be  supplemented  by  a  parallel  series  of 
exercises,  so  to  speak,  and,  later  on  in  this  series,  by  concrete 
cases  developed  by  graph  methods,  in  a  manner  both  useful 
and  novel. 

11.  The  length  of  cable  paid  out  during  laying,  or  picked 
up  during  repair  oijerations — likewise  the  rate  of  paying  out 
or  of  picking  up — all  this  is  accurately  measured  "  by  drum 
indicator." 

12.  The  cable  whether  paid  out  or  picked  up,  for  greater 
security  and  avoidance  of  slip,  is  caused  to  make  not  only 
one,  but  three  or  four  turns  round  a  laige  iron  wheel  or 
drum  wilh  a  wide  periphery,  and  about  18  ft.  in  citcnm- 
fer^pce. 

13.  This  cable  drum  may  be  put  in  or  our  of  gear  with  a. 
steam  engine.  A  common  practice  on  big  ships  is  to  have 
one  druni  astern  for  paying  out,  and  two  drums  "for'rard," 
port  and  starboard,  for  picking  up. 

.14.  A  cable  drum  is  controlled  by  powerful  brakes  under 

.!*  "La  Con'4runnne,  dcllc  Linee  EMtriche  Aerei^  .  .  .  Con  una 
Agjjjeadice  sin  caii  .  .  .  aottumanni.'  Dott.  Inp.  Italo  Branelli, 
Jspc^tore  Oener&le  del  Telegrafi,  Roma.  Stabilimento  ciomo-tip  di 
Carlo  Coloint>o,  1 91 2. 


easy  manual  control,  and,  in  the  case  of  the  paying-out  drum, 
capable  of  nice  adjustment  by  addition  or  subtraction  of 
movable  weights. 

15.  One  revolution  of  the  drum  may  be  said  to  be  the 
primary  unit  of  length  in  cable  measurement.  A  counter,  or 
train  of  wheels  contained  in  a  neat  brass  box,  is  attached 
and  tooth-wheel-geared  on  to  the  drum  shafting.  This 
device  goes  by  the  name  of  the  drum  indicator. 

IC.  The  train  of  wheels  inside  the  brass  box  actuate  five 
sets  of  figures  on  brass  counters.  These  figures  are  severally 
displayed  at  five  small  apertures  or  windows  in  the  face  of 
the  brass  box.  These  figures  are  in  terms  of  drum  revolutions, 
and,  at  the  five  apertures,  show — from  right  to  left — units, 
tens,  hundreds,  thousands  and  tens  of  thousands. 

At  each  complete  turn  of  the  drum  the  "  units"  indicator 
advances  1 .  On  the  completion  of  1 0  turns  the  "  tens  " 
indicator  goes  forward  1 ,  and  so  on. 

17.  Thus,  in  fig.  1  here  shown,  the  drum  indicator 
reading  is  seen  to  be  14,208  revolutions. 


1 

4 

2 

0 

8 

Fig.  1. 

18.  The  reading  following  on  '.I9'.)'.i9  will  be  five  "noughts," 
which,  in  this  instance,  signify  100,000  revolutions.  Thus 
the  train  of  wheels,  after  going  through  all  the  figures, 
automatically  pass  to  zero,  and  start  a  fresh  series,  so  that, 
in  the  foregoing  case,  the  subsequent  reading  00001  would 
signify  100,001  drum- revs. 

19.  In  a  certain  concrete  example,  the  mean  of  several 
careful  tape  measurements  round  a  drum  periphery, 
gave  17  ft.  8]  in.  =  17-(;88  ft.  =  212-24  in. 

20.  Fig.  2  shows  three  end-on  views  of  one  and  the 
same  cable  drum  with  exaggerated  sectional  representations 
of  three  different  sizes  or  types  of  cable  encircling  the  drum, 
and  demonstrates  the  fact  that  the  cable  length  equivalent 
of  a  drum  revolution  must  vary  according  to  the  sectional 
dimensions  of  the  cable. 


^ 


r.1^ 


tP>     { 


Pi 


A    „ 


1]'P< 


75-U 

P3>P2>P.      '■" 


Fig.  2. 


Clearly,  therefore,  the  greater  the  diameter  of  a  cable,  the 
greater  becomes  the  distance  across  the  drum  between  cable 
centres,  and,  consequently,  the  greater  the  length  of  cable ' 
carried  over  by  one  complete  involution  of  the  drum. 

21.  Distance  between  cable  centres  is  seen  io  be — 

Drum  dia.  -|-  twice  i  dia.  of  cable,  or 
Drum  dia.  -h  cable  dia.  .  , 

Tlie  sum  of  these  two  values  x  5  (that  is, '3-1416)  would 
<<ive  the  true  circumference  of  one  complete  turn  or  encircle- 
ment of  this  particular  type  of  cable. 

22.  It  is  more  simple,  however,  and  easier  in  execution,  to 
ai:rive  at  a  similar  result  by  dealing  with  circumferences 
st«iight  away  from  the  beginning.  So  drum  circumference 
-h -cable  circumference,  expressed  in  convenient  ijnits  of 

of  length — say,   inches  and  decimals  of  an  inch — may  be 


Vol.72.   No.  1,834,  JANUABT17,  i»i3.]    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


116 


taken  as  Ki^'"o  ^^^^  ''■""'^  cublo-driini  circiiiiifcreiicc,  conccLcd 
tor  tliat  pnrticiiliir  dimunBion  or  tyjM;  of  cubic,     Kxarople  : — 

23.   Drum  (urcnuifenMice  lias  l)e(!n  seen  l(»  be  '212"2\  in. 
('ircnmfcrciicc  of  (^iiblc     say  typo  l>j      ...       2'i't()  in. 


lotal  drum  circumference,  corrected  for)       t, , ,  „ , 
ui     I        T-w  1=   214*84 

cable,  type  I),.  ) 

7;5,0I4  in.  <^o  to  tlie  nauLicul  mile  (n.m.), 


73,044  in. 
2M-ST  in! 


4-8(i3r)8 
2-88212 


2'5314(;  =  3;{!)-!»!)  drum-revs,  per  N.M. , 

this  being  the  t/nim  ronxtanl  for  this  particular  type  of  cable. 
Supposing  (he  drum  indicator  to  register  1,231  revs.,  this 
reading  is  eijuivalent  to — 


4,234 


3-(;2(;7r) 

2-53 14(! 


l-0i)52!)  =  12-454  N.M.  of  cable,  type  D^. 

In  short,  drum  constant  divided  into  drum-indicator  revs, 
gives  length  in  n.m.  of  cable  passed  over  drum. 

24.  Sometimes — especially  in  slide-rule  work — it  is  con- 
venient to  multiply  instead  of  dividing.  Then  a  result 
similar  to  the  above  may  be  obtained  by  multiplying 
drum-indicator  revs,  by  the  recijirocal  of  the  dm  in  lons/i/ii/, 
viz.  : — 

Logs. 

1  _  0-00000 

33i)-9i)     ~   2-53140 


3-46854  =  0-0029413  N.M.  per  drum  rev. 

Then,  supposing  the  drum  indicator  to  register,  as  before. 
4,234  revs.— 


4,234  X  0  0029413 


3-G2675 
3-46854 


1-09529  =  12-454  N.M.,  type  D,. 

25.  Naturally,  the  drum  circumference  corrected  for  any 
given  type  of  cable,  divided  by  12  in.,  gives  the  equivalent 
of  one  drum  rev.  in  terms  of  feet — a  useful  figure  to  have. 

26.  N.B.  : — 6  ft.  ■=  1  fathom,  the  generally  accepted 
unit  for  short  lengths  of  cable  or  core  cut  off  for  splices, 
damaged  ends,  or  what  not.  In  three-figure  decimals 
1  fathom  —  0-001  n.m. 

27.  The  exact  circumference  of  any  particular  type  of 
cable  is  obtained  from  the  mean  of  several  measurements. 
In  practice,  a  dozen  slips  of  white  paper  may  be  prepared. 
Siphon-recorder  slip  is  excellent  for  the  purpose.  Each  slip 
is  folded  tightly  at  right  angles  with,  and  round,  the  cable, 
at  some  given  position.  A  pencil  mark  is  made  across  two 
overlapping  edges  of  the  slip.  Thus,  two  marks  appear  on 
the  slip  when  it  is  laid  out  straight.  The  distance  between 
the  marks  is  measured  with  compass  and  rule,  and  the  mean 
of  a  dozen  such  measurements  made  at  different  points  along 
the  cable  is  taken  as  the  true  circumference  of  that  particular 
type  of  cable.  Measurements  may  have  to  be  made  with 
an  ordinary  tape  or  rule  giving  eighths,  sixteenths,  thirty- 
seconds  of  an  inch,  but  matters  will  be  simplified  if  all  such 
fractions  be  converted  to  decimals. 

'  28.  On  the  occasion  of  each  cable-laying  expedition,  a 
table  may  be  prepared  for  each  one  of  the  two  or  three 
ca.ble  drums  in  use  on  the  ship,  giving  the  drum  constants, 
and  various  other  values,  not  only  for  all  the  different  types 
of  cable  on  board,  but  also  for  the  different  sizes  of  grappling 
and  buoy  ropes.  All  these  various  data  for  each  cable 
(Jruni  may  be  tabulated  in  columns  under  the  following 
lieadings  : — 

:|^9;  (1)  Type. 
^  (2)  Factory  No. 

■v^:(8)  Circumference  (inches). — See  27. 
'"t{4)  Length  of  1  revolution  (ft.). — See  25. 
J-XS)  DrOm  revolutions  per  N.M.— See  23. 
(6)  Logarithm  of  same. — See  23. 


(7)  iJiriimxiil  of  5,  viz.,  .\.m.  per  drum  revolution. — 
.See  24. 

(H)  liOgarithiii  of  same. — S<iC  21. 

3i».  The  following  two  oxampieH  give  an  idea  of  the 
dillerciice  madcr  by  the  drum-circninfercnce  ajrreclion  for 
various  typos  of  cable.  In  a  certain  cable,  tyjjc  "K" 
(circumference  4-6M  in.)  equivalent  inches  to  9,150  revs,  of 
the  drum  already  mentioned  (circumferenrx!  212-24  in.;  was 
laid.     Taking  corn^ction  into  account  : — (See  21  and  22j. 

,v  ,     ^  73,044  in. 

Drum-constant  =   ..j.,.^,^     .     ^.^.^  =  336-72  revs. per  n.m. 

Type  "  E"  paid  out  =  9,15()/3;!(;-72  =  l'7-175  n..m. 

Without  correction,  drum-constant  =  7.-',04 4/21 2-24  = 
:M  (-15  revs,  per  .\.\i. 

Type  "  E  "  paid  out  =  9,150/34  1-15  =  2(;-58K  .\..m., 
or  0-5H7  N.M.  :  that  is,  2-21  per  cent.  t<K)  little. 

In  the  same  cable,  type  "  l'>  "  (circumference  3-5(;4  in.)  to 
the  extent  of  1«4,710  drum-revs.,  was  laid. 

With  drum  corrected,  tyi)e  "  B  "  paid  oat  =  545-75  \..m. 

Without  correction,        „        „       „       „    =   53(;-72 
or  9  03  N.M.  ;  that  is,  1-6H  per  cent,  too  low. 

31.  Fig.  3 — with  unrdrrerh-d  drum  circumference,  and 
ryro  i)ercentage  of  increase  as  bases  of  comparison — shows 
graphically  the  relationship  between  (w/Avrm'/) drum-constants 
in  terms  of  revs,  per  n..m.  corrected  for  any  given  tyy)e  of 


cable,  and  {ordinates)  increase  per  cent,  of  cable-length  per 
drum-rev.,  due  to  increase  of  drum  -f-  cable  working  circum- 
ference consequent  on  the  addition  of  the  cable.  (/,,  d.,  and 
d^  are  curves  pertaining  to  three  cable  drums  on  a  certain  ship. 
Cross  and  circlf  plottings  respectively  indicate  correrted  drum 
constants  of  various  cable  types  from  tabular  records  of  tuo 
different  expeditions.  C'urves  d^,  d.,,  d^  cut  the  line  of 
abscissa'  at  the  three  several  nnrorre'trd  drum  constants. 

Examples. — Drum  d^  with  a  certain  type  of  cable  has  a 
corrected   constant   of  333-1  R.iw.Jf.      This  is   shown  by 
dotted  line  co-ordinates  in  fig.  3  to  be  equivalent  to  1-4  per 
cent,  increase  due  to  the  addition  of  cable  to  the  drum. 
{To  he  continued.') 


Bradford  Tramways. — It  has  been  decided  to  fit  100  tram- 
cars  with  side  life-guards  of  the  pattern  supplied  by  the  National 
Railway  and  Tramway  Appliances  Co.,  Ltd.  A  portion  of  Queen's 
Road  is  to  be  equipped  for  railless  trolley  vehicle  traffic,  in  order  to 
experiment  with  the  Mercedes-Stoll  railless  trolley  vehicle  which  is 
about  to  be  delivered.  The  Electricity  Committee  has  decided  to 
agree  to  undertake  the  lighting  of  long  Street,  at  the  same  annual 
cost  (about  £160  per  annum),  as  is  now  entailed  in  the  lighting  of 
the  street  with  gas,  and  the  Tramways  Committee  is  to  be  asked  to 
give  permission  to  fix  the  necessary  lamps  to  tramway  poles  or 
standards.  The  Committee  is  also  to  be  asked  to  grant  the  use 
of  tramway  poles  or  standards  for  the  like  purposes,  in  all  cases 
where  the  Committee  undertakes  the  lighting  of  thoroughfares  in 
the  city. 


116 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [Voi.ra.  No.  i,834,  januam  n,  leis 


THE    JOHANNESBURG    TURBINE 
CONTRACT. 


{fi'iicluded  from  page  79.) 

Thi:  article  proof  eds  :—"  Then  the  town  clerk  deals  with  technical 
matters.  Word*  fail  us  to  deal  satisfactorily  with  such  crass 
stupidity.  Knshintr  in  'where  ang-els  fear  to  tread,'  he  discusses 
vacuum,  steam  consumption  and  other  enjfineerinp  details,  and 
remarks  :  'I  am  more  than  astonished  that  Messrs.  Rider  and 
Tippett  have  fallen  into  these  blunders.'  "  This  is  not,  to  my  mind, 
defamatory  ;  it  is  an  unfair  statement,  because  the  writer  fails  to 
point  out  that  the  town  clerk  stated  that  he  had  had  technical 
assistance.  This  probably  would  not  alter  the  writer's  viewe,  but 
it  migrht  the  reader's.  To  quote  again:  '"The  contract  went  to 
Mes-srs.  Reunert  .V  Lenz  at  the  price  of  £12. -469.  We  are  not  sur- 
prised to  hear  that  the  feeling  out  there  is  so  strong  that  the 
Government  is  being  asked  to  intervene.  If  there  is  the  equivalent 
of  our  Local  Government  Board  out  there,  we  shall  soon  have  some 
lively  proceedings.'  It  is  clear  from  this  passage  that  the  plaintiff 
is  being  implicated  in  the  giving  of  the  contract  to  Messrs.  Keunert 
and  Lenz,  and  that  it  has  been  given  to  that  firm  under  such  circum- 
stances that  the  Local  Government  Board  would  intervene,  if  it  had 
happened  in  England.  Ko  evidence  was  led  before  me  to  show  in  what 
circumstances  the  Local  Government  Board  would  intervene,  nor 
do  I  know.  The  article  proceeds  then  with  the  words  which  were 
in  the  main  complained  of,  and  about  which  there  was  a  consider- 
able amount  of  argument  during  the  course  of  the  case. 

"  The  impudence — there  is  no  other  word — of  the  town  clerk  and 
the  laymen  on  the  Council,  who  asked  for  expert  advice  (on  five 
occasions)  and  then  deliberately  iiouted  it,  is  almost  beyond  belief, 
and  such  conduct  on  the  part  of  the  so-called  representatives  of  the 
public  interest  is  absolutely  iniciuitous.  We  have  always  endeavoured, 
so  far  as  lay  in  our  power,  to  assist  in  keeping  clean  and  free  from 
suspicion  of  evil  practices  the  municipal  government  of  this  country. 
We  have  often  had  to  express  criticism  of  this  or  that  action,  when 
possibly  the  tendency  to  specialise  in  the  gooes  of  one  firm  was 
becoming  too  pronounced.  But  the  effect  of  healthy  publicity  has 
made  short  work  of  such  tendencies  over  here.  In  the  interests  of 
sound  government,  we  are  glad  of  the  opportunity,  though  more 
sorry  for  the  necessity,  of  laying  this  matter  before  onr  readers,  and, 
through  them,  before  the  public  of  Great  Britain.  If  the  Corpora- 
tion of  Johannesburg  cares  at  all  for  its  good  name  ;  if  the  town 
clerk  and  the  engineer  care  for  their  good  names  :  if  they  have  any 
regard  for  the  welfare  of  the  public  fnr  whom  they  are  the  trustees  : 
if  they  wish  to  avoid  suspicion  of  having  been  tempted  into  undue 
favouritism  they  will  reconsider  this  matter,  and  attend  to  the 
recommendations  of  the  eminent  men  who  have  not  shrunk  from 
facing  oblcquy  and  derision  to  do  their  best  for  the  public  of 
Johannesburg.  The  result  of  it  all  is  that  the  wisdom  of  the  remark 
anent  the  displaying  of  precious  stones  before  an  unappreciative 
audience  is  borne  out  once  more.  They  '  turn  again  and  rend  you.' 
Well,  the  only  consolation  is  that  it  was  the  same  sort  of  audience 
that  '  ran  violently  down  a  steep  place  and  were  choked.'  It  is  this 
rushing  that  wo  want  to  stop,  and  we  cordially  hope  that  the 
government  of  the  Colony  will  bring  the  erring  municipality  to  a 
right  feeling." 

The  innuendoes  alleged  are  :— (1)  The  plaintiff,  contrary  to  his 
duty  as  town  clerk  and  without  any  regard  for  his  good  name  and 
the  welfare  of  the  public,  deliberately  flouted  the  advice  of  the 
experts,  appointed  by  the  Council,  not  only  in  respect  of  the  accept- 
ance of  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Reunert  A:  Lenz  for  the  said  engine 
and  electricity  generating  plant,  but  also  on  four  other  occasions 
when  dealing  with  tenders  before  the  Council  when  Messrs.  Reunert 
and  Lenz  were  tenderers.  (2)  That  the  plaintiff  was  dishonest  in 
his  criticism  of  Messrs.  Rider  and  Tippett's  report.  (3)  That  in  his 
conduct  in  dealing  with  the  report  of  Messrs.  Rider  and  Tippett  and 
with  the  acceptance  of  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Reunert  &  Lenz,  he  was 
actuated  by  improper  and  unworthy  motives,  and  that  his  conduct 
was  not  free  from  the  suspicion  of  evil  practices  and  was  dis- 
graceful. (4)  That  the  plaintiff  repeatedly  and  unduly  and  dis- 
honestly favoured  the  acceptance  of  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Reunert 
and  Lenz  in  preference  to  other  more  advantageous  tenders.  (5) 
That  the  plaintiff  was  incompetent  in  his  profession  or  oflBce  of 
town  clerk.  Now,  the  decision  as  to  whether  these  innuendoes 
have  been  proved  is  divided  into  two  parts  :  First,  Are  the  words 
capable  of  bearing  a  defamatory  meaning,  which  I  must  decide  as 
a  judge .'  secondly,  Do  they  bear  that  meaning  .'  Now,  in  my 
opinion,  the  words  are  capable  of  a  defamatory  meaning,  and  this 
is  esrentially  a  case  in  which  the  jury  must  decide  whether  the 
w(.ri)s  are  defamatory  or  not.  Sitting  as  a  juror.  I  have  to  decide 
what  (he  readers  of  the  Rand  Da  Hi/  Mail  understood  by  the  words, 
assnmirg  them  to  be  persons  of  ordinary  intelligence,  who  gave 
the  woicl.i  their  ordinary  meaning  except  in  so  far  as  they  have 
been  proved  to  bear  a  different  meaning.  In  arriving^  at  a  con- 
ilnaion  on  this  pent,  I  have  to  take  the  article  as  a  whole  and  the 
words  as  a  whole.  Doing  this  to  the  best  of  my  ability  I  have  come 
to  the  coEclnsion  that  the  article  attacks  the  Town  Council 
for  deliterately  flouting— ff..  treating  with  contempt — the  advice 
of  experts  aj  pointed  1o  give  it  advice  on  several  occasions,  ar.d 
withont  any  regard  for  its  gcod  name  or  the  interests  of  the 
citizens  of  the  town,  unduly  favouring  the  tenders  of  Messrs. 
Reunert  i  Lenz.  This,  I  think,  fairly  summarises  the  attack  on 
the  Town  Council.  'The  question  then  arises  :  what  was  the 
attack  on  the  town  clerk  .'  Was  it  in  any  way  different  from  the 
attack  on  the  Town  Council .'  I  must  say  that  1  think  not.  It 
WM  argued  that  the  words  "  who  a«ked  for  expert  advice  and  then 
deliberately  flcnted  it,"  referred  only  to  the  Town  Conncil.    Gram- 


matically, there  is  great  force  in  this  argument.  But  I  do  not  find 
that  there  is  any  differentiation  of  the  Town  Council  and  the  town 
clerk  in  the  matter.  It  is  the  town  clerk  as  well  as  the  Town 
Council  who  is  called  upon  to  reconsider  this  matter  ;  it  is  the 
town  clerk  as  well  as  the  Town  Council  who  is  asked  to  regard  his 
good  name  ;  and  it  is  the  town  clerk  as  well  as  the  Town  Council 
who  is  alleged  to  have  no  appreciation  of  the  pearls  of  wisdom,  and 
whom  the  writer  of  the  article  wishes  to  protect  from  the  fate  of 
theGadarene  swine.  I  am  therefore  of  opinion  that  the  words 
accuse  the  town  clerk  with  conduct  which  is  unworthy  of  him  in 
his  position  of  town  clerk.  A  person  who  deliberately  liouts  the 
opinion  of  the  Council's  experts,  and  who  uses  his  position  to 
unduly  favour  the  tenders  of  one  firm  in  disregard  of  his  own 
good  name  and  the  interests  of  the  ratepayers,  is  not  fit  to  be  town 
clerk,  and  the  words  are  an  attack  not  only  upon  his  character  but 
upon  him  in  his  position  of  town  clerk. 

In  arriving  at  this  conclusion.  I  have  not  taken  into  account  the 
va-rue  charges  of  bribery  being  made  against  undefined  jiersons  at 
the  time  the  article  was  published,  nor  the  meanings  alleged  to 
have  been  assigned  by  various  persons  in  the  Council  and  at 
political  meetings  in  tlie  town  I  do  n9t  think  the  former  would 
influence  an  ordinary  reader  in  arriving  at  the  meaning  of  an 
article,  and  I  do  not  see  that  the  defendant  could  in  any  way  be 
bound  by  the  latter.  Some  importance  might  be  attached  to  the 
letter  of  Mr.  Ward  Jackson,  of  July  5th,  1912,  as  to  what  meaning 
he  attached  to  the  article  in  (luestion,  in  that  he  considers  the 
plaintiff's  action  in  regard  to  the  incident  referred  to  in  the  article 
such  as  might  cause  him  damage.  The  statement  is,  I  thirk,  too 
vague  to  be  of  any  use  in  -arriving  at  the  meaning  of  the  article 
itself.  Coming  now  to  the  contention  that  the  article,  if  defama- 
tory, does  not  exceed  the  limits  of  fair  comment.  The  plea  says 
the  words  complained  of,  so  far  as  they  contain  allegations  of  fact, 
are  true  in  substance  and  in  fact,  and  so  far  as  they  contain  ex- 
pressions of  opinion  are  fair  comment  made  in  good  faith  and 
without  malice  on  the  said  facts,  being  matters  of  public  interest. 
The  facts  alleged  are  :  That  the  Town  Council  asked  Messrs.  Rider 
and  Tippptt  to  report  for  them  on  the  matters  above  referred  to. 
That  the  plaintiff  took  it  upon  himself  to  criticise  it.  That  he, 
being  a  layman,  dealt  with  technical  nia'ters.  That  he  and  the 
laymen  on  the  Council  who  asked  for  expert  advice  on  five  occa- 
sions deliberately  flouted  it.  If  these  facts  were  true,  in  my  opinion 
the  article  ought  not  to  be  considered  as  being  beyond  the  limits 
of  fair  criticism.  If  the  facts  so  stated  weie  true,  I  think  the 
defendants  would  have  been  (juite  within  the  limits  of  fair  criticism 
in  saying  that  the  town  clerk  did  not  have  sufficient  regard 
for  his  own  character,  and  that  he  laid  himself  open  to  suspicion 
of  unfair  dealing.  But  the  facts  are  not  true.  In  the  first  place, 
the  town  clerk  was  asked  to  report.  In  the  second  place, 
he  had  the  assistance  of  technical  advice  in  framing  his 
report  on  technical  matters.  In  the  third  place,  he  had 
nothing  whatsoever  to  do  with  the  previous  orders  for  tnrbines, 
and  I  do  not  think  it  can  be  said  that  he  flouted  the  expert  advice. 
And  I  think  that  this  want  of  accuracy  in  the  allegations  of  fact 
in  the  article  is  fatal  to  the  plea  of  fair  comment,  la  the  case  of 
I'eter  Walker  cV  Son.  Ltd.,  -.  Hodgson  (1909  ;  1,  K.B.,  at  page  257), 
Lord  Justice  Vaughan  Williams  says,  quoting  from  M.  R.  Collins 
in  the  case  of  Dig  by  '■.  Financitil  jVcmjs  :  "Comments,  in  order  to  be 
fair,  must  be  based  upon  the  facts  ;  and  if  a  defendant  cannot  show 
that  his  comments  contain  no  misstatements  of  facts,  he  cwnnot 
prove  a  defence  of  fair  comment.  If  the  defendant  makes  a  mis- 
statement of  any  of  the  facts  upon  which  he  (X)mnicnts,  it  at  once 
negatives  the  possibility  of  the  comment  being  fair. '  Lord  Justice 
Moulton,  in  Hunt  v.  Sfi/r  New.spaper  Co.,  Ltd.  (1908  :  K.K.,  at 
page  319),  says:  "In  the  first  place  comment,  in  order  to  be 
justifiable  as  fair  comment,  must  appear  as  comment,  and  must  not 
be  so  mixed  up  with  the  facts  that  the  reader  cannot  distinguish 
between  what  is  report  and  what  is  ceniment  ....  Any  matter, 
therefore,  which  does  not  indicate  with  a  reasonable  clearness  that 
it  purports  to  be  comment,  and  not  statement  of  fact,  cannot  be 
protected  by  the  plea  of  fair  comment.  In  the  next  place,  in  order 
to  give  room  for  the  plea  of  fair  comment,  the  facts  must  be  truly 
stated."  In  the  present  case,  as  I  have  said,  the  fact^  are  not  truly 
stated,  and  consequently  a  reader  of  the  article  is  not  in  a  proper 
position  to  judge  whether  the  inferences  drawn  from  those  facts  are 
proper  inferences  to  be  drawn  or  not.  In  my  opinion,  therefore, 
their  plea  fails." 

We  next  come  to  the  difficult  question  of  damages.  The  matter 
was  no  doubt  one  of  the  highest  public  importance.  The  fact  that 
the  Town  Council,  after  obtaining  the  advice  of  two  men  of  high 
position,  then  disregarded  the  advice  was  certainly  matter  for  com- 
ment, and  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  report  of  the  plaintiff  to  some 
extent  caused  the  Council  to  adopt  that  course.  Some  portion  of  the 
plaintiff's  report  was  devoted  to  a  defence  of  Mr.  Dobson  against  a 
statement  made  by  the  Board,  which,  if  meant  in  the  sense  in 
which  it  was  taken  by  the  plaintiff,  was  an  attack  upon  the  probity 
of  Mr.  Dobson,  and  was  outside  the  terms  of  reference  to  the  Board. 
I  refer  to  the  statement  that  Mr.  Dobson  appears  to  be  straining 
points  on  several  matters  in  order  to  be  able  to  recommend  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  Reunert  k  Lenz.  I  do  not  think  that  the  Board 
meant  to  accuse  Mr.  Dobson  of  intentionally  straining  matters  for 
the  purpose  of  obtaining  the  contract  for  Messrs.  Reunert  i:  Lenz. 
Such  a  finding  is,  as  I  have  stated,  outside  the  scope  of  the 
reference,  and  should  not  have  been  arrived  at  without  giving 
Mr.  Dobson  a  hearing.  But  I  think  it  was  only  intended  to  say  that 
there  was  a  straining  of  points  which  resulted  in  the  recommendation 
of  the  tender  of  Messrs,  Reunert  k  Lenz,  which  recommendation 
could  not  have  been  made  except  for  such  straining.  That  was  clearly 
within  the  reference.  For  the  purpose  of  brevity,  the  Board,  in 
their  report,  used,  perhaps,  an  unfortunate  phrase,  and  the  plaintiff, 
in  cona.'qucncp,  repotted  on  tome  matters  at  greater  length,  and 


V01.7L'.   No.  i,«:ti,.iANi-AUYi7,  H.i:(.i     TIIK    FJiKCTRTCAli    KKVTKW. 


117 


moro  voliciiioiitly,  probably,  in  onior.  an  ho  Hayx,  to  diifciid  Mr. 
Dobgon,  who  wuh  ill.  The  fnct  rcmiiiriH  tbnt  the  Koard'n  rpjwrt, 
inRtcad  of  boiiiir  ntnt  bock  to  thoiii  for  revision,  if  neci'HHary,  after 
having  the  policy  of  tho  Council  on  cortniii  matter«  |Hiintcd  out  to 
them,  was  rejected— a  conrBC  which  inovitably  1<'<1  to  conwiderablc 
rritioism.  It  in  clear  thnt  no  actual  pecuniary  harm  haR  been 
inflicted  upon  the  plaintiff  by  the  article.  Ho  HtandR  no  lower  in 
the  eRteem  of  his  employerR  than  before.  At  tho  ?aine  time,  the 
letter  of  the  editor  of  tho  dofcndantH'  paper  did  nothing  to  soothe 
or  allay  the  natural  irritation  cauHod  l)y  the  article,  nor  was 
anythinvr  done  by  tho  defendant  to  niiti^'ati^  the  damn^eR.  I  think, 
on  tho  whole,  damaifeR  i-hould  be  aHpn-Rod  at  iEl.'iO,  which  Rum  the 
defendants  will  be  ordered  to  pay,  with  cobIs. 


John  Tavloii  r.  John  Hai.i,  Ridkk. 

IliR  Lordship,  in  dolivcrinpr  judgment  in  this  action,  said  that  the 
panie  libel  was  complained  of  as  in  tho  laft  csHe,  and  publication 
was  admitted.  It  was  only  necessary,  therefore,  to  consider  the  plea 
of  privilege  which  had  been  set  up.  The  defendant  sent  a  copy  of 
the  Kr.KCTKlCAl,  Rk\  ikw  containinj;'  the  article  complained  of  to 
Mr.  Hofmeyr,  and  he  said  that  this  publication  was  made  hnni'i  fuh- 
and  without  nnalice,  and  in  circumstances  which  made  tho  com- 
munication and  the  occasion  thereof  a  privileged  one,  in  that  more 
particularly  the  said  Hofmeyr  was  a  member  of  the  Council  which 
employed  the  defendant  (with  Tippett)  to  report  ;  that  Hofmeyr 
took  a  prominent  part  in  sccurinp  the  defendant's  eervices  for  the 
purpose  of  the  report ;  that  the  article  complained  of  was  a  com- 
ment, inier  alin,  upon  the  respective  merits  of  the  defendants' 
report  on  the  one  hand,  and  upon  the  plaintiff's  report  ther.  on  on 
the  other  ;  that  Hofmeyr  as  a  member  of  the  employinfr  Council, 
and  the  defendant  as  an  employe,  had  a  common  interest  in 
the  subject  matter  of  the  article,  and  the  defendant 
had  a  duty  to  make  known  the  contents  thereof  to  his 
employer,  and  it  was  in  pursuance  thereof  that  he  delivered 
the  article.  His  Lordship  said  an  occasion  was  privilfged  where 
the  person  who  made  a  communication  had  an  interest  or  a  duty 
(Ifpal,  moral  or  social,  of  perfect  or  imperfect  obligation)  to  make 
it  to  the  person  to  whom  he  does  make  it,  and  the  person  to  whom 
he  does  make  it  had  a  corresponding  interest  or  duty  to  receive  it. 
He  had  been  unable  to  discover  any  duty,  either  social  or  moral, 
and  certainly  not  legal,  cast  upon  the  defendant  to  make  the  com- 
munication in  this  case.  This  defence,  therefore,  failed,  and  he 
could  not  see  that  in  this  case  any  damage  had  been  sustained,  and 
he  thought  a  verdict  for  £.5  was  sufficient,  with  Resident  Magis- 
trates' Court  costs.  No  doubt  the  defendant  did  at  one  time  feel 
sore  at  the  report  being  made  on  his  own  report,  which  he  under- 
stood was  to  have  been  final  ;  and  when  the  article  appeared,  it  was 
not  unnatural  that  he  should  forward  it  to  Hofmeyr  as  in  a  measure 
an  apologia  for,  or  defence  of,  his  report,  and  his  Lordship  did  not 
think  he  was  actuated  by  ill-feeling. 


At  the  request  of  Prof.  J.  H.  Dobson,  the  general  manager 
of  the  Johannesburg  Gas,  Electric  Supply  and  Tramways 
Department,  we  reprint  the  following  editorial  from  the 
issue  of  the  Rand  Daily  Mail  for  December  9th  : — 

"The  Libel  Actiox. 

"  Judgment  having  been  given  in  the  case  in  which  the 
Town  Clerk  of  Johannesburg  sued  the  Rand  Daily  Mail  for 
libel  in  connection  with  the  reprinting  of  an  article  which 
appeared  in  the  Electrical  Review,  we  are  now  able  to 
allude  to  the  matter.  We  opposed  the  attitude  taken  up  by 
the  Town  Council  on  the  Rider  and  Tippett  report,  and  we 
still  think  that  the  wrong  policy  was  pursued.  But  we  never 
cast  the  slightest  imputation  upon  the  character  or  the 
honesty  of  the  Town  Clerk,  or  the  electrical  engineer,  or  any 
member  of  the  Town  Council,  and  we  regret  that  it  has  been 
held  that  the  criticism  reproduced  from  a  London  technical 
journal  was  in  one  respect  of  a  slanderous  character  as  far  as 
the  Town  Clerk  was  concerned.  We  dissociate  ourselves 
entirely  from  the  expressions  of  opinions  which  gave  rise  to 
irritation,  and  apologise  frankly  for  circulating  the  statement 
through  the  medium  of  our  columns.  From  time  to  time 
we  have  deemed  it  necessary  in  the  public  interest  to 
disagree  with  several  schemes  proposed  in  the  Town 
Council — notably  the  turbine  purchase,  the  asphalt  proposal, 
and  the  location  sit«  scheme.  Hut  it  has  never  been  our 
wish  to  reflect  in  any  way  upon .  the  motives  either  of  the 
Town  Clerk  or  Prof.  Dobson,  or  any  individual  member  of 
the  Town  Council.  Although  disagreeing  with  a  number  of 
Councillors  and  oiBcials,  we  felt  that  they  on  their  side 
believed  they  were  doing  their  best  for  the  town,  and  were 
actuated  throughout  by  the  best  motives,  and  we  sincerely 
regret  the  publication  of  the  passage  in  the  Electrical 
Review"  article  which  has  been  held  to  be  slanderous,  and 
unreservedly  withdraw  the  imputation  Mr.  Justice  Ward  has 
found  to  be  contained  in  it.     Mr.  John  Taylor  and  Prof. 


Dolisoii  slurid  lii'.'li  in  tin'  cmUciii  of  tin-  liiti'fjaycth,  and  we; 
have  often  liad  jilcusufc  in  culling  nttention  to  the  Hpl<-ndid 
work  they  have  dotie  for  the;  town.  Wlx-n  we;  disagpf^el 
with  thcui  on  on(!  pe)itit,  it  was  ce-rtainly  not  our  wiith  to 
refleit  in  any  way  upon  their  peirsional  or  profcnsional 
charactrr,  and  no  on<'  is  morf  sorry  than  wc  that  the  article 
we  reprinted  was  held  to  be  of  an  objectionablf;  nature;  in 
one  particular.  Iti  closing  the  controverny,  therefore,  we; 
wish  to  dissociate  ourKe>lvfs  from,  and  exprosH  regret  fe»r  the 
])ui>lication  of,  any  imputation  of  wrong  motives  which  may 
iiave  been  read  into  the  Ki-KernicAL  Rkvikw  article;  on  the 
lines  laid  down  by  Mr.  .Iiisticc  Ward." 


TRADE    STATISTICS    OF    BRITISH    INDIA. 


Thb  following  figures,  showing  the  imports  of  electrical  and  similar 
materials  into  India  during  the  year  ended  March  iilst,  191:i,  are 
taken  from  the  recently  issued  ofhcial  trade  statistics  :  the  details 
for  the  year  ended  March  ;i1st.  191!,  are  added  for  purposes  of 
comparison,  and  notes  of  any  increases  or  decreases  are  given. 
Values  are  now  given  in  pounds  sterling,  and  not  in  rupepj<  as 
formerly.  It  should  also  be  noted  that  imports  are  now  credited  to 
countries  of  original  consignment,  and  not  to  countries  from  which 
they  were  last  shipped  to  India.  This  has  largely  affected  the 
appearance  of  the  trade  of  Belgium,  Holland,  Germany  and 
Austria-Hungary  in  particular,  by  decreasing  the  amounts  credited 
to  the  two  former  countries  and  increasing  those  credited  to  the 
two  latter. 

1910-11.     1911-12.      Jnr.ordec. 


Lii  III  pira  ri\ — 

From  Great  Britain 
„      Germany 
,,      Austria 
,,      United  States 
,,      Other  countries 


70,000 
59,000 
4.5,000 
H7,000 
16,000 


£ 

90.000 
«6,000 
ll.OOO 
.57,000 
14,000 


20,000 
7.000 
4,000 

20.000 
2,000 


Total 

227,000 

268,000 

+ 

41,000 

Other  hiiidinirr,  r.rrt'jif  Cii/iiiif 

•lied  irare. — 

From  Great  Britain 

8^0,000 

940,000 

-f 

60,000 

„      Germany     

275.000 

274.000 

— 

1.000 

.,      Belgium 

38,000 

33,000 

— 

,,      Austria 

26,000 

29.000 

-f 

3,000 

„      United  States 

69,000 

67,000 

— 

2,000 

„      Other  countries 

67,000 

75,000 

-f 

-f 

8,000 

Total 

1,350,000 

1.418,000 

68,000 

Bnixs.  wrotighf.-- 

From  Great  Britain 

39,000 

37,000 

_ 

2,000 

„      Germany     

10,000 

7,000 

— 

3,000 

,,      Austria        

4,000 

3,000 

— 

1,000 

„      Other  countries      ... 

16,000 
69,000 

18,000 
65,000 

+ 

2,000 

Total 

4,000 

Copper  mid  rapper  irore. — 

. 

From  Great  Britain 

.      1,392,000 

1,025,000 

— 

367,000 

„      Germany     

640,000 

552,000 

— 

88,000 

„      Belgium      

22,000 

16,000 

— 

6,000 

„      France         

113,000 

114,000 

4- 

1,000 

.,      Austria        

10.000 

11,000 

-f 

1,000 

,,      Japan          

287,000 

125,000 

— 

162,000 

„      Other  countries 

9,000 

10,000 

+ 

1,000 

Total 

2,473,000 

1,853,000 

620,000 

Iran  ivire. — 

From  Great  Britain 

10,000 

8,000 

_ 

2,000 

„      Germany     

17,000 

22,000 

-f 

5,000 

„      Belgium      

16,000 

23,000 

+ 

7.000 

„      Other  countries 

14,000 

16,000 

+ 
+ 

2,000 

Total       ... 

57,000 

69.000 

12,000 

Steel  phi f ex  nnd  slieetx. — 

From  Great  Britain 

622,000 

624,000 

+ 

2,000 

„      Germany     

169,000 

227,000 

-f 

58,000 

„      Belgium       

63,000 

84,000 

+ 

21,000 

,,      United  StaU'S 

— 

94,000 

-f- 

94.000 

,,      Other  countries 

10,000 

4,000 

+ 

6.000 

Total 

864,000 

1,033,000 

169,000 

Stetim  em/hiex  (e-rcept  lucomot 

ires). — 

From  Great  Britain 

464,000 

402,000 

_ 

62,000 

„      Germany     

16,000 

22,000 

+ 

6,000 

„      United  States 

15,000 

9,000 

— 

6.000 

„      Other  countries      .. 

10.000 

5.000 

— 

5.000 

Total 


605,000         438,000         — _  57,000 


118 


THE     ELECTKICAL     REVIEW,         [Vol.73.    No.  1,834,  January  17, 1913. 


EliTtricnl  mtiehiiwiy. — 

From  Great  Britain 

„      Germany     

„      Beliriam      

„      Italy  

„      United  i^tates 
„      Other  countries 

Total 
Mining  nuichinmi. — 

From  Great  Britain 
„      Germany 
,,      United  States 
„      Other  countries 

Total 

Machinery,  ot/it>r  (_exr^j)t  tej-tile 
iind  ngriruUuriil). — 

From  Great  Britain 

,,      Germany     

„      Belginm      

„      United  States 
„      Other  countries 

Total 
Railiray  carriagfx,  ,<•<•. — 

From  Great  Britain 

„      Belgium      

„      Other  countries 

Total 


1910-11. 

1911-12. 

luc 

or  di'c. 

■t 

£ 

M. 

//•(»//  !w';r. — 

182,000 

193,000 

+ 

11,000 

From  Great  Britain 

50,000 

30,000 

-- 

20,000 

2,000 

2,000 

— 

Stepl  jilatrx  and  fheetx.- 

11,000 

13,000 

+ 

2,000 

From  Great  Britain 

15,000 

26,000 

+ 

11,000 

4,000 

3,000 

1,000 

Tiiiiliiaij  carriages.-  - 

264,000         267.000         +       3,000 


r.,000 
1,000 
3,000 
1,000 


4H,000 

4.3,000 

1,000 

— 

4:i,000 

40,000 

— 

1.000 

92,000 


1,002,000         916,000 


lA>romotirf\  ami  tfnderx,  iiiid  parts  thfreaf. — 

From  Great  Britain         ...        490,000        526,000 
„      Germany     3,000  5,000 


Total 


107,000 


Tflf graph  consfmrfion  matfrialx. — 
From  Great  Britain  ...  2,000 


114,000 
1,000 


84,000        —      8,000 


942,000 

101,000 

6,000 

91,000 

12,000 

902,000 

114,000 

6,000 

62,000 

19,000 

+ 
+ 

+ 

40,000 
13,000 

29,000 
7,000 

1.162,000 

969,000 
19,000 
14,000 

1,103,000 

883,000 

7,000 

26,000 

49,000 

86,000 
12,000 
12,000 

86,000 


+     36,000 
+       2,000 


Total 

493,000 

531,000 

+ 

38,000 

Bails  and  fi»hphitf>x. — 

From  Great  Britain 

„      Germany     

,,      Belgium       

186,000 
3.000 
5,000 

557,000 
33,000 
2.000 

+ 
+ 

+ 

71,000 

30.000 

3,000 

Total 

494,000 

.-.92,000 

98.000 

Gla.u  lamfncare. — 

From  Great  Britain 

„      Germany      

,,      Austria       

„      Other  countries 

9,000 
30,000 
28,000 
15,000 

9,000 
21,000 
21,000 
12.000 

- 

9,000 
7,000 
3,000 

Total 

82,000 

63,000 

19,000 

Electrical  iyufrumeii/it,  apparatus,  Si'C. — 

From  Great  Britain 

.,      Germany     

„      Belgium      

„      Austria        

,.      United  States 
„      Other  countries 

294,000 
28.000 
4,000 
5,000 
4,000 
x,000 

391,000 
35,000 
1,000 
4,000 
5,000 
4,000 

410,000 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

97,000 
7,000 
3,000 
1,000 
1.000 
4,000 

Total 

343,000 

97,000 

Scienfifir.  ,Vv..  i/ixfnimeafs. — 

From  Great  Britain 

„      Germany     

„      Bel^rium 

„      United  States 

„      Other  countries 

92,000 
7,000 
4,000 
2,000 
2.000 

102,000 
5,000 

2,000 
5,000 

+ 
+ 

10,000 
2,000 
4,000 

3,000 

7,000 
1,000 


In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  the  following  were  imported  as 
Government  stores : — 

Tnxtrumeritt.  apparatus,  Jkr.  Cc-rcept  iinixical). — 


From  Great  Britain 

„      Germany     

.,      United  States 

92,000 

115,000 
3,000 
1,000 

+ 
+ 

+ 

23,000 
3,000 
1.000 

Total 

'achmertj. — 

From  Great  Britain 
„      Germany 
„      United  States 
.,      Other  countries 

92,000 

1 65,0<)0 

l.OOO 
1 66,000 

119,000 

1R7,000 

^•3,000 

1,000 

27,000 

22,000 

23,000 

1,000 

1,000 

ToUl 

211,000 

45,000 

„      Other  countries 

Total 

Liiiomot  i  rex. — 

From  Great  Britain 

Jiail-s  and  fishplates. — 

From  Great  Britain 

„      Belgium       

Total 

Telegraph  ronstriiction  materials 

From  Great  Britain 
„      Other  countries 

•    Total 

Cojiper  and  ropperivare.-- 

From  Great  Britain 
„      Other  countries 

Total 


1910-11. 

1911-12. 

7«< 

.  or  dec. 

£ 

& 

£. 

24,000 

14,000 

- 

10,000 

42,000 

28,000 

- 

14,000 

328,000 
5,0CO 

753,000 
5,000 

+ 
+ 

425,00(t 

333,000 

7. -,8,000 

425,000 

323,000 

299,000 

- 

24,000 

451,000 
1,000 

452,000 

423,000 
423,000 



28,000 
1,000 

29.000 

70,000 
1,000 

86.000 

+ 
+ 

16,000 
1,000 

71,000 

86,000 

15,000 

28,000 
15,000 

134  000 
10,000 

+ 

106,000 
5,000 

43,000 

144,000 

101,000 

THE    JAPANESE    ELECTRICAL    INDUSTRY. 


Large  Expansiok  in  Recent  Years. 


The  uEe  of  electric  power  in  .Japan  has  made  extensive  progress 
during  the  past  10  years,  and  one-third  of  the  industrial  establish- 
ments in  the  country  are  now  operated  by  means  of  this  agency. 
According  to  an  article  published  in  the  Elrhtrotechni.tche  Zeitschrift, 
by  Mr.  Ludwig  W.  Schmidt,  the  great  expansion  of  the  ekctric 
motor  in  Japan  is  not  only  due  to  the  advantages  of  electrical 
energy  as  a  distributor  of  power  in  factories,  but  also  largely  to 
the  surprisingly  rapid  development  of  Japanese  industries,  which 
has  succeeded  in  trebling  the  number  of  factories  in  the  past 
decade  ;  and  the  predominance  of  this  form  of  power  now  seems 
assured  for  factory  working.  Where  electric  tramways  or  central 
stations  exist  the  energy  for  the  driving  of  the  motors  is  usually 
supplied  from  these  stations,  this  being  of  special  advantage  in  the 
towns,  where  the  lighting  and  tramway  load  permits  of  a  fairly 
cheap  supply  being  afforded  to  the  users  of  power.  In  many  cases, 
however,  the  factory  owners  have  installed  their  own  generating 
plant,  especially  in  the  textile  industry,  the  shipyards,  metal  refining 
works,  and  the  mines.  This  fact  is  explained,  in  the  instance  of  the 
mines,  by  the  great  distance  which  separates  most  of  them  from  the 
real  centres  of  industry,  and  the  metal  refineries  have  been  com- 
pelled to  establish  individual  plant  mostly  for  the  same  reason. 

The  development  in  the  use  of  electric  power  has  been  accom- 
panied by  the  simultaneous  extension  of  electric  lighting.  From 
the  beginning  of  1900  to  1910  the  number  of  lighting  companies 
has  risen  from  49  to  122  ;  the  buildings  electrically  lighted  have 
increased  from  47,701  in  1901  to  over  600,000  in  liilO;  and  the 
number  of  private  lamps  in  use  has  advanced  from  300,000  to 
1,900,000,  whilst  the  street  lighting  lamps  have  grown  from  6,4C0 
to  59,300  in  the  same  period  of  years.  Many  of  the  lighting  com- 
panies are  also  owners  of  tramways,  and  their  total  net  receipts 
have  increased  nine-fold  in  the  10  years  ended  with  1910.  Not 
only  so,  but  the  ratio  of  net  profits  to  expenditure  has  constantly 
improved.  It  formerly  stood  at  3  to  1,  but  at  present  almost 
50  per  cent,  of  the  total  profits  represents  net  profits.  The  electric 
tramways  have  found  a  Ejiecially  favoured  sphere  of  activity.  As 
in  almost  all  new  industrial  countries,  so  in  Japan  have  the  manu- 
facturers begun  to  locate  themselves  as  near  to  the  coast  as  possible, 
and  in  this  way  a  number  of  densely-populated  industrial  centres 
has  arisen,  where  the  transport  of  the  workers  to  anii  from  their 
place  of  employment  has  become  a  similar  problem  to  that  in  New 
York,  Berlin,  and  London.  During  the  10  years  the  number  of 
towns  provided  with  electric  tramways  has  advanced  from  11  to  40, 
the  length  of  line  from  72  to  692  miles,  and  the  passecgers  from 
46,477,000  in  1901,  to  396,666,000  in  1911,  and  the  invested  capital 
from  £1,.500,000  to  £1S,700,000. 

The  Position  of  Native  Mancfacturin<;  Firms. 

■  The  development  in  all  branches  of  the  consumption  of  elec- 
tricity has  naturally  had  a  favourable  influence  on  the  tale  of 
electrical  manufactures,  and  the  electrical  trade  of  Japan  for  this 
reason  has  made  a  large  advance  since  the  beginning  of  the 
century.  Until  nearly  the  end  of  the  past  century,  by  far  the 
greatest  part  of  the  turnover  was  effected  by  the  importers  ;  but 


Vol.72.     No.  l,8:!l,  Januauy  17,  l«i:t.l       'l'|||.:      I'l  1  J'U 'TKICW  I  i      Pil':  V  1  I'l  w. 


119 


(lurinir  the  decutle  under  consideration,  the  MJtuution  haw  become 
uiorc  favourable  for  the  native  inaniifacturini;  workn.  The  hintory 
of  the  domoMtic  iiiduhlry  in  full  of  rcactioiiH  and  of  HUcceHHeH  only 
obtained  after  irreat  trouble,  and  even  in  the  present  century  thi- 
protrrcsrt  macle  by  the  native  works  has  fr((|uently  been  accom- 
panied by  failures.  In  particular  it  han  turned  out  that  many  of 
the  larjjo  works  were  eiinipiwd  with  inadequate  capital,  and  this 
has  led  to  tlnancial  losses  in  many  cases,  as  it  was  impossible  to 
brin^:  the  works  (juiekly  enough  to  the  capacity  for  which  they 
were  desijrned.  Various  works  which  were  projected  with  foreign 
capital  either  had  to  be  abandoned  before  they  were  actually 
established,  or  they  could  only  be  successfully  carried  out  after 
Kreat  ditliculties  had  been  overcome.  Xevertheless,  the  industry 
has  manajfed  to  reach  a  sound  basis  to  some  extent  in  the  course  of 
years,  and  it  can  now  be  rejfarded  as  havin);  attained  an  assured 
position,  although  many  works  have  not  yet  unite  fully  sur- 
mount<>d  their  juvenile  defects. 

The  local  demand  has  been  tfreater  than  the  capacity  in  many 
cases,  and  extensions  had  to  be  undertaken  without suthcient  capital 
bein^  available.  But  the  {ifreatest  want  has  been  the  lack  of  gfood 
and  trained  workers.  It  is  true  that  the  Japanese  despatched 
engineers  to  (iermany,  England,  and  the  I'nited  States  in  order 
to  study  the  latest  methods.  As  a  result  of  the  knowledge  thereby 
gained  no  money  has  been  spared  in  introducing  the  newest  types 
of  machinery,  but  the  Japanese  have  been  unable  to  impart  the 
theoretical  knowledge  to  their  workmen.  This  difficulty  has  been 
specially  noticed  in  the  cable  works,  of  which  a  number  have  arisen 
in  recent  years.  In  general,  the  cable  factories  work  under 
tolerably  favourable  conditions,  as  they  are  usually  in  close  rela- 
tions with  a  large  copper  mine  from  which  raw  material  is  obtained 
at  the  lowest  prices,  and  they  are  also  protected  by  a  high  import 
duty.  Nevertheless,  they  are  not  able  to  shake  olT  foreign  com- 
petition because  the  quality  of  the  imported  cables  is  generally 
better  than  that  of  the  native  product.  The  reason  for  this 
occurrence,  according  to  a  British  Consular  report,  lies  in  the 
lack  of  sufficiently  trained  chemists  in  regard  to  rubber.  Certain 
of  the  owners  of  cable  factories  have  therefore  adopted  the 
course  of  obtaining  the  services  of  qualified  foreign  workers, 
but  the  latter  are  hampered  by  the  fact  that  they  are  unable 
to  make  themselves  sufficiently  understood  by  the  Japanese 
workers.  While  the  imports  of  telegraph  cables  are,  as  will 
be  seen,  irregular,  the  imports  of  insulated  wires  show  a 
constant  advance,  and  the  requirements  have  increased  tenfold 
since  the  l)eginning  of  the-  century.  The  accompanying  table 
illustrates  the  general  course  of  the  import  trade  during  the 
past  14  years  : — 

Imports  ok   Elkctdical   Machinery,  Cahles  and  Insui.ated 
Wires. 


BUITISH    EXPOHTM  JO  JaPAN 


Mdchineni. 

Telegraph  cables. 

Insulated  wires. 

1S98     ., 

..      ie(>9,700 

£18,500 

£32,100 

1899     . 

45,000 

19,400 

14,500 

1900     ., 

97,600 

104,900 

38,100 

1901     .. 

97,900 

49,800 

42,900 

1902     .. 

132,300 

8,.^)00 

67,400 

1903     ., 

111,400 

33,200 

33,900 

1904     ., 

,.       165,200 

103,700 

75,000 

1905     .. 

.       301,500 

256,900 

78,700 

1906     .. 

.       181,100 

20,800 

95,700 

1907     .. 

.       254,300 

133.300 

112,900 

1908     .. 

.       372,100 

42,000 

144,700 

1909     .. 

.       300.000 

35,900 

151,700 

1910     .. 

.       219,200 

159,500 

163,700 

1911     .. 

.       571,100 

37,700 

370,000 

The  manufacture  of  lamps  and  similar  articles  has  largely 
increased.  But  although  the  domestic  industry  is  at  an  advantage 
in  relation  to  foreign  competition  through  the  import  duties,  the 
imports  have  not  experienced  any  decline,  and  the  business  under- 
taken by  Germany  in  this  direction  has  been  doubled  in  the  past 
three  years.  Several  of  the  large  electricity  companies  have  adopted 
the  policy  of  importing  certain  parts  from  Europe  or  the  United 
States  and  assembling  them  in  Japan.  This  practice  probably 
explains  the  fluctuations  in  certain  articles  of  import  in  recent 
years.  In  conclusion,  the  author  gives  the  following  tables 
showing  the  respective  exports  to  Japan  of  Germany,  Great  Britain 
and  the  United  States  in  recent  years  ;— 

German  Exports  to  Japan. 


190S.   1909.   1910. 


Dynamos 
Armatures 
Accumulators    ... 

Cables     ...         

Arc  lamps 

Searchlights 

Glow  lamps 

Telegraph  apparatus     ... 

Apparatus  for  power  transmission 

Apparatus  for  medical  purposes 

Measuring  apparatus   ... 

Primary  batteries 

Heating  apparatus,  &c. 

Insulating  materials    ... 

Total      


..  £67.600 

£68,550 

£56,400 

7,150 

1,650 

4,800 

.       2,400 

2,400 

20,30(1 

..     94.150 

28,500 

163,950 

600 

400 

600 

250 

1,150 

10,550 

..     10,800 

10,650 

25,600 

..       3,500 

600 

3,400 

,.     37,300 

20,500 

21,850 

2,400 

3,900 

2,750 

,.       .->,850 

14,550 

21,300 

200 

50 

100 

400 

150 

— 

— 

— 

50 

Itubber-inBulatixl  wireii 
Other  insulated  wires 
Telegra[)h  an<l  telci)hone  wire 
Telegraph    and    telephone 

apparatus    ... 
Carlxjns 
Lamps  ... 
Batteries 
Unenumerated 


190H. 

1009. 

ItMO. 

I1MI. 

£32,310 
2H,H95 
41,060 

£2.'-.,550 
53,615 
64,515 

£IH,2I0 

3'.t,6»0 

252,205 

£r.i,l20 
49,966 
100,500 

■\M:M         3,030         3,215 
Not  separately  recorde<l 
Not  separately  recor<led 

5,650         7,495         7,165 
12,565       Is,1.';b       24,090 

1,«00 

4,460 
24.145 

Total 


£121,520  £172,360  £.374,606  £19tt,990 


Unitki)  States  Exports  to  Japan. 

1908.        194»9.      191(». 


1911. 


Electrical  apparatus,  including 
telegraph    and    telephone 
materials     ... 

Machines 


£88.960     £60,!tS5    £67, ;«0  £181,610 
299,220     235,040     142,9<;0     261,435 


£232,600    £143,050    £331,650 


Total £388,180  £296,025  £210,740  £443,035 

Japanese  Statistics. 

The  foregoing  information  is  amplified  by  Mr.  Arthur  A.  Brandt 
in  the  same  journal,  by  extracts  from  the  statistical  annual  which 
was  recently  issued  by  the  Japanese  Government,  although  the 
opinion  is  expressed  that  some  of  the  figures  contained  in  it  rather 
underestimate  the  actual  position  of  affairs  in  regard  to  certain 
branches  of  the  industry.  It  appears  that  the  total  horse-power 
used  in  the  whole  of  the  Japanese  Industries  increased  from 
316,000  in  1905,  to  470,000  in  190s,  603,000  in  1909.  and  816,000  h.p. 
in  1910.  Of  the  latter,  938  dynamos  represented  247,500  h.p.,  and 
1,912  motors  66,844  h.p.,  although  these  are  considered  to  be  com- 
puted on  too  low  a  scale.  Steam  engines  rank  second  with 
3t(8,000  H.P.,  and  turbines  and  Pelton  water-wheels  third  with 
about  90,000  H.P.,  the  balance  being  formed  by  gas 
engines  and  petroleum  engines.  As  to  the  apportion- 
ment of  the  forms  of  power  among  the  different 
industries,  the  lead  in  the  horse-power  of  dynamos  and  motors  is 
taken  with  177,000  u.p.  by  the  special  works,  which  include  the 
mines  and  mining  operations  ;  the  second  position  is  held  by  the 
electrical  works  with  103,000  h.p,  and  the  third  by  the  textile 
mills  with  38,000  H.P.  in  1910,  whilst  these  are  followed  by  the 
chemical  works  and  the  machinery  and  ironworks.  The  total 
number  of  industrial  workers  is  returned  at  717.161,  of  whom  only 
3,145  are  employed  at  electrical  engineering  works,  thus  showing 
that  very  few  works  exist  which  produce  machines  and  apparatus, 
notwithstanding  the  great  progress  made  in  the  applications  of 
electricity. 

It  should,  however,  not  be  overlooked  that  the  Japanese  are 
busily  occupied  in  endeavouring  to  manufacture  to  an  increasing 
extent.  Installation  materials  and  small  transformers  and  motors 
are  already  produced  on  a  large  scale,  and  the  principle  of  cheap- 
ness rather  than  that  of  quality  prevails  in  regard  to  native  manu- 
factures. The  industry  is  supported  by  the  Protectionist  policy  of 
the  Government,  and  the  increase  in  duties  brought  into  operation 
in  1911  has  led  to  rates  which  are  prohibitive  for  certain  articles. 
Under  the  effect  of  the  Protectionist  policy,  for  instance,  the 
domestic  glow  lamp  branch  has  already  rendered  itself  independent 
of  foreign  manufacturers.  Carbon-filament  lamps,  of  which  about 
5,000,000  are  probably  required  every  year,  are  made  exclusively  in 
the  country  by  three  firms,  as  a  duty  of  40  per  cent,  ad  valorem 
prevents  foreign  firms  from  competing  with  the  Japanese.  In  the 
case  of  metal-filament  lamps,  which  are  not  largely  used  for  the 
time  being,  about  500,000  per  annum  are  made  in  the  country,  but 
it  will  not  be  long  before  these  lamps  supersede  the  carbon  lamps, 
owing  to  the  supply  works  introducing  the  system  of  meters 
instead  of  fixed  charges  for  supply.  The  wire  filament  is  obtained 
from  the  United  States,  and  the  fact  has  to  be  reckoned  with  that 
the  export  possibilities  for  wire  lamps  also  will  soon  come  to 
an  end. 

The  development  of  electric  lighting  next  receives  considera- 
tion. It  is  shown  that  the  companies  increased  from  111  in  1909, 
to  122  in  1910,  the  paid-up  capital  from  .■C5,539,100  to  £12,242.000. 
and  the  number  of  connections  from  437,104  to  602,681  in  the 
same  years  respectively.  Although  the  number  of  incandescent 
lamps  in  use  in  1910  is  stated  at  1,900,000,  Mr.  Brandt  declares  that 
other  sources  represent  a  total  of  2,000,000  of  8  c.p.  in  1910,  and 
3,000,000  in  1911.  Concerning  the  progress  of  electric  tramways 
it  is  found  that  the  number  of  companies  advanced  from  34  in 
1910,  to  40  in  1911,  the  length  from  363  miles  to  431  miles,  and 
the  mileage  under  construction  from  180  to  221  in  the  same  years 
respectively,  whilst  the  paid-up  capital  has  risen  from  £9,438.000  to 
£16,087,900.  As  most  of  the  large  centres  have  now  been 
provided  with  electric  tramways,  it  is  considered  that  the  rate  of 
progress  in  new  construction  will  be  slower  in  the  future.  As  far 
as  concerns  the  main  railways,  which  are  now  almost  entirely  in 
the  possession  of  the  State,  it  is  mentioned  that  the  Government  is 
making  experiments  with  electric  traction,  and  the  section  between 
Tokio  and  Yokohama  is  already  in  course  of  construction.  In  con- 
clusion, it  is  submitted  that  it  is  difficult  for  Japan  to  provisionally 
maintain  the  level  of  development  which  has  hitherto  prevailed  in 
consequence  of  the  strained  financial  resources  of  the  Government 
and  private  individuals.  On  the  other  hand,  the  electrical  industry 
experienced  a  favourable  expansion  in  1911  ;  and  as  the  country  is 
specially  suitable  for  the  applications  of  electricity,  it  is  possible  to 
reckon  upon  a  further  development  of  this  industry  in  the  future. 


120 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.  i,834,  jandabt  17, 1913. 


FOREIGN    AND    COLONIAL    TARIFFS    ON 
ELECTRICAL    GOODS. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913. 


A.MENDMENTS. 

COSTA  RICA. — The  Customs  authorities  have  recently  decided 
that  electric  lamp-etands  of  basket  work  without  ornaments  and 
without  silk  linings  are  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  4U  centavos  per 
kg.  gross  weight.     (loO  centavos  =  Is.  lOJd. ;  kg.  =  2204  lb.) 

SOUTH  AFRICA.— H.M.  Trade  Commissioner  in  South  Africa 
has  recently  called  the  attention  of  British  exporters  to  the  fact 
that  duty  in  South  Africa  is  levied  on  the  "  current  value  of  the 
goods  for  home  consumption  at  the  place  of  purchase,  including 
packing,"  under  Article  20  of  the  South  African  Customs  Union 
Convention,  which  is  as  follows  : 

■'  The  current  value  of  such  goods  shall  be  taken  to  be  the  true 
current  value  for  home  consumption  in  the  open  market  of  similar 
goods  at  the  place  of  purchase,  bought  in  the  ordinary  way  from 
the  manufacturer  or  supplier,  in  normal  quantities,  including  the 
cost  of  packing  and  packages,  but  not  Including  agent's  commission 
if  it  does  not  exceed  i>  per  cent.,  provided  that  in  no  case  shall  the 
true  current  value,  as  above  defined,  be  less  than  the  cost  of  the 
goods  to  the  importer  at  the  place  of  purchase." 

In  addition,  therefore,  to  the  actual  selling  price  c.i.f.  South 
Africa,  importers  should  state  on  their  invoices  the  current  value 
for  home  consumption  in  the  United  Kingdom,  "  including  the  cost 
of  packing  and  package?" 

H.M.  Trade  Commissioner  has  also  received  complaints  from 
importers  in  South  Africa  as  to  the  manner  in  which  quotations 
are  made  by  some  British  exporting  firms.  One  or  two  cases  have 
recently  come  to  his  notice  in  which  importers  in  South  Africa, 
having  based  their  calculations  on  c.i.f.  quotations  made  to  them 
by  British  firms,  have  found  out  on  receipt  of  the  invoice  that 
these  quotations  did  not  include  packing  charges.  It  should  be 
remembered  that  c.i.f.  means  the  cost  placed  on  board  plus  freight 
and  insurance,  and  the  omission,  whether  in  a  cabled  offer  or  in  a 
catalogue,  of  any  item  which  goes  to  make  up  that  cost  should  be 
stated,  >>.</.,■' packing  extra,  so  much,"  or,  if  necessary,  "packing 
extra,  estimated  at  so  much." 

VENEZUELA.— The  Customs  Authorities  have  decided  that 
electric  lamps  including  the  bulbs  are  to  be  declared  on  the  Con- 
sular invoice,  which  must  accompany  them,  as  "  Lamparas  para 
alumbrado  electrico  inclusive  los  bombillos "  and  will  be  dutiable 
at  the  rate  of  I'l  71  bolivares  per  kg.  gross  (25  bolivars  =  £1 ;  kg.  = 
2'204  lb.).  Fancy  or  other  articles  included  in  more  highly  taxed 
classes  by  rea.son  of  their  nature,  will  not  be  classed  as  lamps 
merely  because  they  are  provided  with  a  wire  for  lighting  and  a 
socket  to  hold  the  bulb.  It  should  be  noted  that  in  filling  up  the 
Consular  invoice,  exporters  must  adhere  to  the  wording  in  Spanish 
as  laid  down  by  the  Customs. 

A  recent  circular  issued  by  the  Customs  Authorities  points  out 
how  necessary  it  is  that  shippers  should  take  the  greatest  care  in 
filling  up  invoices.  It  has  recently  been  their  habit,  when  entering 
iteveral  parcels  of  the  same  goods  on  the  same  invoice  to  state 
particulars  as  to  the  number  of  the  parcels,  bracketing  these 
together  and  entering  the  nature  of  the  goods  once  only  for  all  the 
parcels.  This  is  not  in  accordance  with  the  regulations  and  will 
not  lie  allowed  ;  the  description  of  the  goods  must  be  repeated  for 
each  parcel.  Another  practice  is  to  declare  the  goods  by  giving 
only  a  reference  to  the  number  of  the  item  of  the  tariff  under 
which  they  are  dutiable,  e.y.  : — 

Una  caja  aparatos  comprendido  in  el  No.  2  del  Arancel. 

(One  case  of  apparatus  included  under  No.  2  of  the  Tariff.) 

The  contents  of  each  package  must  be  declared  by  giving  the 
name  of  each  article  contained  therein  without  using  abbreviations, 
dittos,  or  commas  signifying  dittos,  the  materials  of  which  the 
goods  are  made,  and  the  quality  which  distingoishes  the  goods 
from  other  articles  of  the  same  name,  dutiable  under  a  different 
number  of  the  Tariff,  e.//.,  Una  caja  aparatos  para  generar  vapor  del 
residuo  del  petrolio,  (a  case  of  machinery  for  generating  steam  from 
the  residues  of  petroleum). 

In  future  heavy  penalties  will  be  incurred  unless  the  regulations 
are  strictly  complied  with. 


Baii^    ffoes    Tuppence.  —  Lossieinoutli    is    a    little 

burgh — in  more  senses  than  one.  We  confess  that  its  fame  had 
seldom  reached  our  ears  until  September  last,  when  in  the 
interests  of  its  4,li*8  inhabitants  it  invited  manufacturers  to  tender 
for  an  electrical  installation.  Prolonged  deliberations  no  doubt 
have  occupied  the  intervening  months  'twixt  then  and  now,  for  as 
recently  as  10  days  ago  those  who  were  privileged  to  tender,  were 
informed  that  no  decision  had  been  come  to  in  regard  to  the  offers. 
Enclosed  with  this  intimation,  they  have  been  favoured  with  the 
return  of  their  guinea  deposit — w^ith  a  deduction  of  two-pence  I 
The  assumption  is  that  this  is  made  up  as  to  two  bawbees  for  postage, 
and  another  two  for  the  cost  of  the  postal  order.  The  incident 
would  be  ludicrous  were  it  not  unfortunately  indicative  of  a  great 
deal  that  public  tenderers  have  to  put  up  with.  We  doubt  whether 
the  burgh  has  any  electric  lighting  powers,  and,  may  be,  this  is 
why  nothing  has  been  done. 


Complied  expressly  tor  this  ournal  by  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co., 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  2ti5,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.O.,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


8.  "  Non-spring  two-way  magi^eto  control  for  motor-cycles."  R.  J.  Pkiduky. 
January  Ist. 

19.  "Cears  for  electrically  operating  machine  tools  and  the  like,"  J.  P. 
Hall.    January  Ist, 

43.  "  Apparatus  for  electrically  operating  planingmachines  and  the  like 
reciprocating  tools."  LANCAaaiHE  U\namo  &  Motor  Co.,  Ltu  ,  A.  P. 
Wood  and  K.  8.  McLeod.    January  tst, 

47.  "  Electrical  apparatus  for  heatiog  liquids."  M.  Rctiiekuuro, 
January  ist. 

78.  "  Mechanical  grips  for  electrical  wires."    8.  \V.  Martvn.    January  1st. 

79.  "  Electrical  terminals."    8.  \V.  Maktyn.    January  1st. 

BO.     "  Electric  incandescent  lampholders."    8,  W.  Martvn.    January  Ist. 

88.    "Electric  switches."    F,  Bbemeh,    January  1st.    (Complete.) 

IfX).  "Coupling  for  ships'  telegraph  and  controlling  shafiing."  A.  M. 
Parsons.    January  Dnd, 

119.  "  Connecting  terminal  (or  high  -  voltage  circuits."  E.  Babfely. 
January  2nd,    (Complete.) 

130.  "  Apparatus  (or  transmitting  movements  or  positions  o(  indices  by 
means  of  multiphase-wound  bodies."  B,  Beikmanh.  January  Sod.  (Com- 
plete.) 

148.  "Electric  oil  switches."  Bbitish  ThomsosHouston  Co.,  Ltd.  (AUge- 
meine  Elektricitats  Qes.  Germany.)    January  2nd, 

171.  "Means  for  maintaining  high-frequency  electrical  oscillations  in 
resonant  circuits."    Cromiton  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  H.  Buroe.    January  2nd. 

178.  "  Electrical  testing  apparatus."  A.  W.  Brown.  January  Srd.  (Com- 
plete.) 

203.  "  8upportB  for  incandescent  electric  lamps."  C.  G.  Taylor. 
January  Hrd. 

212.     "  Casings  (or  electrical  switches."    P.  8.  Turner.    January  Srd. 

232.     "  Electric  water  heaters."    J.  W.  Ewakt,    January  Srd. 

237.  "  Electric  arc  lamps."  Crompton  tt  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  C.  Cboupton. 
January  Srd.    (Complete.) 

252.  "  Metallic  conduits  for  electric  light  cables  and  the  like."  T.  Tavlor, 
January  4th. 

253.  "Trimming  indicator  for  arc  lamps."  Kurtino  A  Matiiieson  Akt, 
Gks.    (Convention  date,  July  29th,  1912,  Germany.)    January  4th.   (Complete). 

260.  "  Telephonic  receivers,  transmitters  and  other  diaphragm  instru- 
ments."    A.  Mark.     January  4th. 

813.  Blectro-magnetically  operated  sound-emitting  or  calling  means."  E.  A. 
Graham,    January  4tb. 

316.    "Telegraphy."     E.  8.  Heurtlkv.    January  4th. 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  285,  High  Holborn,  W.C.,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1811. 

Electric  CoNDncTORS.giM.   Kallmann.    28,4.')9.     December  18th,     (December 

16th,  1910.) 
Voltage    Regulation    of    Dibect-Cohhent  Generators.     Akt.-Ges.  Brown, 

Boveri  &  Co.     28,486.     December  18th.     (December  blet,  1910.) 
Hoistino  or  VVindino  Gear  for  Arc  Lamps  and  otht.b  dsej.    F.  S,  Worsley. 

28,668.     December  20tli. 
8TORAGE  Battery  8epahators.    W.  Taylor.    28,868.    December  21st, 
Storage  Battery  Sepabatobs.    W.  Taylor.    28,659.    December  2lBt. 
Interco.mmunication  Telephone  Systems.    Q.  H,  Nash  and  Western  Electric 

c:o.     29,027.     December  2Srd. 
Electric  Ignition  apparatcb  for  Intrrnal-Combcstion  Engines,    Q. Cowcher, 

29,326.    December  80th. 


1912. 

Method  or,  and  Apparatis  fob,  Conddctino  and  Connecting  Cables,  Flexiblc 

Tubing  and  the  Like  to  Rotary  oe  Movable  Machinery.    H.  M.  Ackerv. 

889.    January  11th. 
Process  for  the   Pkohuction  of  Non-porous  Electro-deposited  Coatings 

UPON  Metal  Sheets.     H.  Lowy  and  K.  Muller.    2,423.    January  30th. 
Dynamo-Electric  Oenehators  for  Velocipede   Lamps  and  thk    Like.      C. 

Schlick.     3,6.'j0.     February  13th. 
Arc  Lamps.    R.  H.  Burkitt.    4,417.    February  22nd. 
Appabatus  for  Connecting  Conducting  Wires,  Cables  and  the  Like.    A, 

Fodor.    6,554.    March  5th. 
Eleotbic  Insulators.    Bullers,  Ltd.,  and  Q.  V.  Twiss.    6,286.*  March  IStb. 
EkUEOTBiCAL    Condenser,      A.  C.   Cossor,   Ltd.,  and   H.  J.    8tenning.     6,987. 

March  21st. 
Inductor  Alternatob.     K.  Podlesak.    6,988.    March  2l9t. 
SioNALLiNO  Apparatus  for  Use  in  Screw  Cutting  Lathes.    C.  Q.  M.  Bennett 

and  L.  8.  Fosbruoke.     7,486.     March  27tb. 
Electric  Incandescent   Lamps  with  Bipabtite  Bulhs.      P.   Weisse.     8,068, 

April  3rd.    (April  6tli,  1911.) 
FoBM  of  Zinc  for  Galvanic  Battksiks.     E.  E.  Moore.    8,767.    April  13th. 
Terminals  for  Electric    Condlctorb.     J.  D,   Anderson  and  C.  E.  Fritta, 

18,111.    June  4th. 
PoBTABLE    Electric    Battery    Lamps.      K.   R.    Smith.      18,631.     June    10th, 

(Divided  application  on  No.  13,578  of  1911,  December  8tb.) 
Dkvicis    fob    Measuring    Electbio    Resistances.      Siemens    Bros.    He    Co, 

(Siemens  d-  Halske  Akt.  Ues.)    16,862.    July  1st. 
Electrodes  fob  Use  in  Abo  Lamps.    A.  A,  Low.     17,678.    July  80th. 
Rbceivihg  Apparatus  for  Electric  Waves.    F.   Schneider.     18,086.    August 

6th.     (April  l&th,  1912.) 
Terminals    such  as  Contacts  and   Electroheb    in    Elkctbioal  Apfaratub. 

Britisb  Thomson-Houston  Co,    (General  Electric  Co.)    635.    January  6th. 
TELfiPHoNK  Service  Meters.    P.  W.  Wall.    1,167.    January  15tli. 
Wireless  Trlkoraph  RsoErviNO  Apparatus.    Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Co.  and  H.  J.  Round.    8,0SS.     February  6th. 
Reception  or  "Call    up"   Signals  in  Wirelebss  Teliobapht  aiid  otbcb 

PuBPusEs.     F.  L.  Muirbead.    8,445.     February  12th. 
Electric  Dibtbiuution  Systems.    British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  H.  W,  Taylor, 

F.  P.  Whitaker  and  H.  N,  Sporborg.    B,53J.    February  I2th. 


TVLIX 


H]rj:E]CTi?/ic.i^iLi  -^.:E-vx:Brw . 


Vol.  LXXII. 


JANUARY  24,  1913. 


No.  1,«35. 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 

\.il.  LXXII.I  CONTENTS  :  January  Ul,  1913.  |No.  l,8ao. 

Page 

The  Marconi  t!ontraot         ...         ...         ...         •••         •••         •••  li!' 

The  I''«rraiiti  Stofttn-(las  Turbine  l'^2 

British  Eleotrical  Superannuation  Fund  1^^ 

Copper  12-S 

Bkofrical  Devices  for  Measuring  the  Inliammability  of  Coal 

Dust  (i7/w.v.)  l-'S 

The  National  Insurance  Act,  1  ill  1  ...         ...  121 

The  Electric  Drive  in  the  Wood- working-  Yard  {illus.)  ...  125 

Correspondence : — 

Screw  Caps  for  Radiator  Lamps       127 

The  Case  of  the  Sub-Man      127 

The  Ansociation  of  Electrical  Station  Enftineers 12K 

Villajie  Lig-hting-         128 

The  Regulation  of  Street  Traffic      12i> 

British  Laboratories  for  Electrical  Goods 129 

Electrical  Trade  in  China       130 

Small  Power  Installations     ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  l.SO 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (iZii^.?.)      131 

Legal i:i.^ 

Business  Notes         ...         ...         ...         .■■         ...         ...         ...  13.5 

Notes 144 

City  Notes 147 

Stocks  and  Shares 148 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         149 

Control  of  Three-Phase  Variable  Speed  A.c.  Motors  iillus.')     ...  151 
Graphs    in   a    Cable-Ship    Drum-Room  :    Notes    for    Junior 

Assistants  ((ZZ?/«.)  0'(>»/(««erf)     ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  152 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  :• — 

The  Steam -Gas  Turbine         154 

The  Design   of    Apparatus   for   Improving   the  Power- 
Factor  of  Alternating-Current  Systems  (iZZ««.)  ...  155 

Australian  Wireless  Telegraphy  (in?<«.)  ., 159 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 160 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     160 

Contractors'  Column  Advertisement  pages  xxii,  sxiv  and  xxvi 

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Umberto  1°  307. 

Sydney  :  The  Mining  &  Engineering 
Review,  2,  Hunter  Street;  Gordon 
and  Gotch,  Pitt  Street. 

Toronto,  Ont.  :  Wm.  Dawson  &  Sons, 
Ltd.,  Manning  Chambers;  Gordon 
and  Gotch,  j;i2,  Bay  Street. 

Wf-LLinoton,  N,Z/.  Gordon  &  Gotch, 
Cuba  Street. 

Cheques  and  Postal  Orders  'on  Chief  Office,  London)  to  he  made  payable  to 
The  Electrical  Review,  and  crossed  "London  City  and  Midland  Bank, 
Newilat.p  Strrpi,  Bvi.ich." 


Adelaide  :  Messrs.  Atkinson  &  Co.. 
Gresham  Street. 

Auckland,  N.Z  :  Gordon  &  Gotch, 
Albert  Street ;  The  Mining  and 
Engineering  Review,  (6,  Pahnerstou 
Buildings,  (Jueen  Street. 

Berlin  :  Asher  &  Co.,  Untor  den 
Linden  ;  Speyer  &  Peters,  Unter 
den  Linden  43,  N.W.  7. 

Brisbane:  Gordon  &  Gotch,  Queen  St. 

Chrisichurch,  N.Z. :  Gordon  and 
Gotch,  Manchester  Street. 

Dt'.NEDiN,  N  Z. :  Gordon  &  Gotch, 
Princes  Street, 

Johannesburg,  Capetown,  Bloesi- 
foniein,  Duhban,  Poki  Eliza- 
beth, Ac:  Central  News  Agency, 
Ltd. 

Launceston:     Gordon 
Cimitiere  Street. 


Gotch, 


THE    UNIVERSAL    ELECTRICAL    DIRECTORY 

1913   EDITION 


H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4.  Ludgate  Hill,  London.  E.C. 


'I'liK  letter  addressed  by  the  managing  directur  of  the 
Marconi  Co.  to  the  Postmaster-rieneral,  and  by  him  com- 
municated to  the  Select  Committee  which  is  now  inquiring 
into  the  contract  provisionally  signed,  is  a  somewhat  excep- 
tional document.  Its  object  is  to  express  the  company's 
desire  that  they  may  be  relieved  from  the  obligations  of 
that  contract,  a  proceeding  to  which  no  exception  can 
be  taken  as  an  ordinary  business  operation,  but  the 
rhetoric  by  which  the  intimation  is  accompanied 
will  seem  to  most  people  to  be  somewliat  misplaced.  Antici- 
pating, as  the  managing  director  naively  says,  that  the 
tender  delivered  on  March  7th  would  be  promptly  submitted 
to  Parliament  and  ratified,  they  retained  "a  very  large 
responsible  and  experienced  staff  of  engineers  "  in  readiness 
to  undertake  the  work.  When  the  provisional  contract  was 
signed  on  July  I'Jth  they  were,  they  think,  reasonably 
entitled  to  expect  that  it  would  be  forthwith  submitted 
to  Parliament  for  ratification,  but  a  Select  Committee  was 
appointed  instead. 

Over  three  months  have  elapsed,  28  public  sittings  have 
been  held  and  many  witnesses  called,  but  the  Committee  has 
had  no  evidence  "  from  those  best  qualified  to  speak  with 
experience  on  the  subject,"  and  in  the  meantime  erroneous 
statements,  technical  and  otherwise,  "reproduced  in  the 
Press  lof  nearly  every  country  ia  the  world,"  have  been 
detrimental  to  the  company's  interests.  And  now  it 
is  proposed  to  appoint  a  technical  Committee  to 
inquire  as  to  which  is  the  best  system,  which  the  company 
would  welcome,  provided  proper  facilities  were  afforded  for 
testing  the  evidence  to  be  called  before  it,  though  they  regret 
that  it  was  not  appointed  three  months  ago.  The  delays 
were  not  contemplated  by  either  party  ;  it  is  inequitable,  says 
Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs,  that  his  company  should  remain  bound, 
and  in  order  to  continue  to  maintain  the  company's  position 
"  in  an  important  industry  developed  in  and  conducted  from 
this  country,  employing  over  2,000  British  workere,  our 
engineers  must  be  released,  and  Mr.  Marconi  and  I  must  be 
free  to  attend  to  other  important  work." 

The  interim  report  of  the  Committee  made  it  tolerably 
clear  that  the  contract  would  not  go  through  in  its  original 
form,  so  that  the  company  cannot  be  said  to  be  doing  anything 
particularly  heroic  in  withdrawing  from  the  contract,  and 
expressing  their  readiness  to  consider  other  terms  when 
they  are  offered. 

According  to  the  City  editor  of  the  Weslminii/er 
Gazelle,  the  course  taken  by  the  company  "  is  gene- 
rally applauded  in  Stock  Exchange  quarters,  because 
it  is  considered  that  it  is  good  policy  on  the  part 
of  the  company  to  force  the  pace  as  much  as  they 
can."  To  force  the  pace  by  unreasoned  criticism  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  a  Committee  appointed  by  Parliament  which  has 
the  decision  in  the  matter  seems  to  us  to  be  of  doubtful 
wisdom,  whilst  the  general  tone  of  the  letter  is,  we  fear. 


[121] 


122 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.      [Vol.72.    No.1,835,  January  24, 1913. 


calculated  to  enlarge  the  circle  of  those  who  hesitate  to 
entrust  an  important  Imperial  undertaking  to  private  hands. 
There  is,  no  doubt,  some  {?t'casion  for  irritation  to 
the  parties  who  entered  into  the  contract,  but  it 
should  be  realised  that  confidence  is  more  likely 
to  be  restored  by  calmness  and  patience  than  by  a 
display  of  irritation.  The  position  and  the  opportunities  of 
the  Marconi  Co.  may  be  unrivalled,  but  they  should  be 
used  with  discretion,  at  least  where  Parliament  is  concerned. 


It  has  been  common  knowledge  amongst 
TheFerranti     ^is    friends    for    some    years    that    i)r. 

NlPfilD'lir&S 

^Turbine.  I'erranti  was  engaged  upon  important  in- 
vestigations in  connection  with  the  utilisa- 
tion of  "  steam-gas  " — i.e.,  steam  superheated  to  a  tempera- 
ture far  above  its  saturation  point — in  turbines,  but  little  has 
hitherto  been  divulged  regarding  the  details  of  the  work,  or 
the  degree  of  success  which  had  been  attained.  "We  are 
glad,  therefore,  to  be  able  to  reproduce  from  the  James  Wat 
lecture,  which  he  delivered  at  Greenock  last  week — a  lecture 
of  deep  interest  throughout — some  particulars  which  indicate 
the  progress  that  he  has  made. 

The  fact  that  Dr.  Ferranti's  views  have  been  embodied  in 
a  turbine  of  no  less  than  .'j.OOO  h.p.  bears  witness  to  the 
large  scale  upon  which  his  experiments  have  been  carried 
out,  and  preserves  them  from  the  suggestion  that  laboratory 
results  may  not  be  realised  in  practice.  We  are  still  with- 
out information  as  to  the  details  of  the  construction  which 
renders  stripping  impossible  in  spite  of  the  use  of  extremely 
small  clearances,  but  the  statement  that  the  ir.i'.-hour  can 
be  obtained  with  an  expenditure  of  no  more  than  7  lb.  of 
wat«r  at  two-thirds  load  at  once  stamps  the  invention  as  one 
of  the  first  importance.  Not  long  ago  Sir  Charles 
Parsons  himself,  upon  whose  foundation  modern  turbine 
practice  has  been  built  up,  expressed  the  view  that  the  steam 
turbine  had  approached  the  limit  of  possible  economy,  but 
clearly  there  are  still  great  possibilities  of  progress. 

It  will  be  observed  that  Dr.  Ferranti  strongly  deprecates 
the  construction  of  large  oil  engines,  maintaining  that  the 
turbine  is  the  right  thing  for  large  powers,  and  in  view  of 
the  economy  he  has  attained — taking  capital  cost  into  con- 
sideration also — it  seems  probable  that  the  incentive  to 
effort  in  this  direction  will  in  future  be  lacking.  The 
suggestion  that  the  power  station  of  the  future  will  embrace 
a  large  gas  plant  with  by-product  recovery  plant,  supplying 
gas  to  the  boilers  and  heavy  oil  and  petrol  for  the  use  of 
internal-combustion  engines,  recalls  the  views  enunciated  in 
"the  Ferranti  address"  of  I'JIO,  and  indicates  that 
Dr.  Ferranti  looks  forward  with  undiminished  confidence 
to  the  dawning  of  the  electrical  age  then  foreshadowed.  It 
will  be  remembered,  too,  that  he  then  hinted  at  the  possible 
successful  development  of  the  steam-gas  turbine  as  one  of  the 
factors  in  producing  that  result.  We  wish  him  all  success 
in  the  realisation  of  his  prophecy. 


The  British  Electrical  Superannuation 
'''"'^1**'''        Fund,   which   was   formed    about    1900, 

Snperannnatlon  ^PP^^"  ^  ^'^^^  ^"^^  but  a  short  life   as 
Fund.  such,  for  we  understand  that  during  the 

past  year  it  was  resolved  to  wind  it  up 
as  on  December  31st,  1!)I1.  It  would  seem  that  if  all  re- 
tirements took  j)lace  at  the  earliest  optional  age  of  tiO, 
instead  of  being  p]iread  mainly  over  the  ages  from  (10  to  G5, 
a  de£ciency  of  some  £15,000  would  be  disclosed.  When 
originally  formulating  the  fund  it  was,  we  believe,  the  wish 
and  endeavour  of  the  P.ritish  Electric  Traction  Co.  to  adopt 
a  BU{)erannuation  scheme  capable  of  application  to  the 
possible  needs  or  requirements  of  the  electrical  industry 
generally.  The  industry,  however,  jvith  the  exception  of 
the  City  of  London   Electric  Lighting  Co.,  seems  to  have 


ignored  the  idea,  and  its  operations  were  therefore  practically 
confined  to  the  salaried  employts  of  the  British  Electiic 
'Uraction  Co.  and  its  subsidiary  companies.  We  understand 
that  in  place  of  the  British  Electrical  Superannuation 
Fund,  a  new  fund  has,  been  constituted  and  inaugurated 
called  the  British  Electrical  Endowment  Fund,  which, 
however,  we  gather  the  City  of  London  Electric  Lighting 
Company  has  not  joined,  that  company  apparently  being 
quite  capable  of  carrying  on  a  fund  similar  to  the 
Britisli  Electrical  Endowment  Fund.  The  secession  of  the 
City  of  London  Co.  means  the  payment  by  the  British  Elec- 
trical Superannuation  Fund  to  the  City  Co.  of  some  £!>,00(t. 
The  managing  trustees  and  the  investment  trustees  of  the 
Endowment  Fund  are  empowered  to  hold  alljnoneys  recently 
belonging  to  the  Superannuation  Fund  or  investments  re- 
presenting the  same,  for  the  purposes  of  the  Endowment 
Fund,  and  to  apply  them  as  provided  by  the  rules  of  that 
fund,  which  we  believe  came  into  operation  as  from  January 
1st,  l'.n-2. 


Coi>per. 


The  total  European  visible  supply  still 
keeps  fairly  level,  the  figures  given  in 
Messrs.  Merton's  statistical  circular  being  43,1 00  tons  for 
January  15th,  liHS,  against  4:5,241  tons  for  December  'Mst, 
1!)]2.  the  difference  of  81  tons  being  a  balance  between  the 
decrease  in  f'rglish  stocks  (1,40!)  tons),  and  on  quantities 
afloat  (100  tons),  and  the  increase  in  French,  Dutch  and 
German  stocks.  The  supplies  are  thus  close  up  to  deliveries, 
and  show  a  fair  figure  (2;i,?)71  tons)  for  the  half-month. 
The  Korth  American  deliveries  to  Europe  are  fairly 
high  ;  Spain  and  Portugal  send  the  average  quantity  to 
England  and  France,  Chile  shipments  are  high,  and 
Australian  just  aveiage.  If  the  deliveries  were  doubled  the 
figures  for  the  month  would  be  fairly  good ;  this,  of 
course,  depends  upon  whether  the  drop  in  price  is  maintained 
or  not. 

The,  world's  tupplies,  including  Holland  and  Germany, 
stood,  at  the  end  of  December,  at  1)0,225  tons,  an  advance 
on  the  figure  for  November  of  8,4  78  tons.  American  pro- 
ducers' stocks,  according  to  the  Association,  stood,  on  the 
same  date,  at  4  7,014  tons,  an  advance  of  s,548  tons  on  the 
preceding  month.  The  December  production  in  the  States, 
from  the  samescurce,  was  {i4,0Ci0  tons,  the  heme  consump- 
tion taking  25,100  and  export  2!), 880,  leaving  a  surplus  to 
stock. 

The  figures  for  each  month  in  the  year  are  given  by 
the  Fiii(innal.Niics  for  January  9th,  showing  that  this  pro- 
duction was  only  exceeded  in  August  and  October,  that  July 
was  fairly  well  up  to  it,  the  other  months  being  lower, 
January  and  February  showing  least.  The  hcn^consump* 
tion  was  brisk  the  first  part  of  the  year,  reaching  its 
maximum  in  October  at  37,550  tons.  The  total  production 
for  1912  is  given  at  700,000  tons,  a  quantity  considerably 
higher  than  the  03!t,000  tons  credited  to  1911. 

The  reason  for  the  drop  in  price,  which  amounts  to  £3  158. 
since  December  31st,  is  discussed  in  the  Financial  Times  for  - 
1 7th  inst.  The  writer  of  the  article  is  not  inclined  to  con-  ■ 
sider  the  increase  in  American  stocks  a  determining  factor, 
but  rather  attributes  it  to  the  situation  created  by  anticii)a- 
tions  of  continued  expansion  in  commerce  generally,  and  con- 
sumption of  copper  jiarticularly,  which  have  not  been  realised, 
tending  to  overload  the  market.  The  consumer  also  appears 
to  have  been  apprehensive  of  a  market  showing  signs  of 
artificial  prices,  such  as  could  be  traced  in  those  of  September. 
Messrs.  James  Lewis  summarise  the  conditions  of  trade  in 
1912,  by  dividing  the  year  into  two  periods  of  six  months, 
in  the  first  of  which  prices  improved,  after  falling  to  £01  per 
ton,  under  the  influence  of  gcx)d  trade  and  decreasing 
supplies. 

The  highest  point  was  reached  on  June  20th,  when 
standard  was  quoted  at  £hO  cash.  Prices  were  maintained, 
probably  artificially,  till  the  outbreak  of  war  in  the  Balkans, 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8:t.,  .lANUAUYL'i,  i!ii;i.]    TTTE    ELECTRICAL    KLVILW. 


l'2'.i 


with  tlic  8iil)sei|UoiiL  iiiiciTluiii'.y  iiiul  Lnido  (le})i(ssi()ii. 
MoBsrw.  l/cwis  f,'iv(;  tliu  toLiil  Iioiik;  coiiHiimptioii  of  LIk;  UiiiUid 
Sfcotes  at  I  10,10(1  toim,  an  iiicreiiHe  of  1  l:!,r.O()  tons  over  tlic 
prtiocdiii^'yciir.  (/'oiisnmplioii  in  riciinmny  also  incmiuod  by 
« 1,000  tons,  or  2.'i  imr  cent.,  Kiij,'laiid  and  iM-ancc  bein;;, 
a[)par(!Mfcly,  tlic  only  considerable  counLriew  wliidi  losl,  j^roiind. 
Tlio  world's  conaniuption  is  </\\vu  at,  ',):i'.l,0(>o  tons,''  as 
aj^ainsL  S11,:U>0  tons  in  IDll.  Tlio  total  production  of  the 
woriil,  however,  is  estimated  at  l,(tl,"i,000  tons,  an  advance 
on  r.il  1  of  1  10,000  tons.  'i'lic  United  States  increased  its 
output  by  71,000  tons,  or  over  1  I*;")  per  cent.,  and  further 
expansion  in  low-);radc  ores  is  anticipated.  Chile  has 
increased  her  output  by  8,000  tons  ;  Mexico,  11,000  tons; 
Spain  and  rortU|:;al.  !),700  tons  :  and  Canada,  7,000  tons, 
iiussia  and  Australia  arc  both  increasiu}^  production,  and 
much  is  expected  from  Central  Africa. 

Taking  into  account  the  upward  tendency  of  production, 
and  the  present  fairly  hi<jh  price,  it  seems  probable  tliat  the 
avera<,'e  for  standard  in  r.U;;  will  be  lower,  unless  tlie  settle- 
ment of  the  Balkan  trouble  and  improved  commercial  con- 
ditions in  this  country  should  unite  to  give  an  impetus  to 
consumi)tion. 


ELECTRICAL    DEVICES    FOR 
MEASURING      THE      INFLAMMABILITY 
COAL    DUST. 


OF 


''  The  Sur^  eyor." — We  note  witli  pleasure  that  our 
valued  contemporary,  'J /if  Siirrri/or.  arrived  at  its  majority  last 
week,  and  celebrated  the  occasion  with  a  ppeoial  i^pne  dated  .January 
17th.  Since  its  first  year,  the  journal  has  greatly  increased  in  bulk 
and  circulation,  and  has  attained  to  a  very  hiph  standiner  as  the 
organ  of  the  professions  included  within  its  full  title — The  Surri'ijor 
and  Municipal  anil  (\nintii  Enfiint'Or.  During  the  past  21  years, 
Jlie  Surreijor  has  witnessed  vast  changes  in  municipal  engineering 
and  in  the  organisation  of  municipal  government,  and  has  been 
enabled  to  play  a  prominent  part  in  safegu.-irding  the  interests  of 
municipal  engineers.  We  believe,  too,  that,  throughout  its 
existence,  it  has  remained  in  the  hands  of  the  original  proprietor. 

In  the  speciaf  issue,  besides  a  general  survey  of  the  period,  there 
arc  given  special  reviews  of  the  advances  made  in  electricity  supply, 
highways — a  subject  which  our  contemporary  has  made  its  own — 
public  buildings,  refuse  disposal,  sewerage,  street  lighting,  tramway 
progress,  water  supply,  and  legislation,  the  whole  constituting  a 
valuable  and  interesting  rexuinr  of  the  remarkable  developments 
which  have  taken  place  in  each  of  these  important  branches  of 
municipal  activity. 

We  congratulate  the  proprietor  and  all  concerned  in  the  produc- 
tion of  this '  issue  and  on  the  attainment  of  the  twenty-first  mile- 
stone, and  hope  they  will  celebrate  their  jubilee  under  conditions  no 
less  auspicious. 

The  Corative  Waters  of  Bath. — Last  week  a  number 

of  London  doctors  visited  Bath  and  attended  an  informal  confer- 
ence on  the  radio-active  waters  of  the  city.  .  According  to  the 
'limes,  Sir  William  Ramsay,  in  opening  the  conference,  said 
the  gas  from  the  waters  was  now  bottled  up  in  steel  bottles 
under  pressure  and  used  in  spraying.  There  were  three  methods 
of  profiting  by  the  curative  properties  of  the  waters.  If  they 
were  drunk  they  should  be  taken  in  small  quantities  and 
often.  In  the  case  of  baths,  the  patient  should  be  made  negative 
in  order  that  the  particles  given  oS  by  the  radium  could  be 
absorbed  through  the  skin.  Where  the  method  of  spraying  and 
breathing  was  adopted  the  patient  should  Ije  made  negative  also,  in 
order  that  the  particles  might  decompose. 

Electroculture  in  Austria. — An  interesting  account  of 

results  obtained  by  electroculture  at  Petrovic  (near  Prague),  appears 
in  a  recent  issue  of  the  Elektrotechnixche  ZeiUchriJt.  The  experi- 
ments were  carried  out  during  the  esoeptionally  dry  summer  of 
191 1,  but,  on  a  number  of  patches  under  the  same  management  and 
subject  to  the  same  treatment  in  every  respect  except  electrification, 
the  yield  of  some  crops  was  twice  as  great  on  the  electrified  as  on 
the  "control"  areas.  The  high-tension  discharge  system  was 
employed,  steel  wires  being  stretched  across  the  fields  at  intervals 
of  100  yards  between  insulators  mounted  on  wooden  poles  ;  60  poles 
were  in  use  in  an  area  of  itO  acres.  On  these  steel  wires  rested  a 
radiating  network  of-0'2  mm.  diameter  steel  wires  placed  10  yards 
apart.  The  height  of  the  network  w-as  12  ft.  above  ground  level, 
so  that  ordinary  carting  operations  were  not  hindered.  In  the 
small  stations  supplying  the  network,  a  high-frequency  current 
(obtained  by  the  aid  of  mercury  interrupters),  was  transformed  up  to 
100,000  volts  and  then  rectified  before  admission  to  the  radiating 
network.  The  total  power  consumption  for  the  i*0  acres  was 
2  amperes  at  120  volts.  The  discharge  was  maintained  only  for  a 
few  hours  per  diem,  and  was  necessarily  entirely  suspended  in  wet 
weather :  it  was  purposely  interrupted  during  very  hot  weather 
(since  experience  shows  that  the  discharge  treatment  is  u.seless  or 
even  injurious  in  the  latter  case). 

The  quality  as  well  as  the  yield  of  the  crops  was  much  improved 
by  the  electrical  treatment,  and  it  is  claimed  that,  if  the  radiating 
network  is  so  designed  as  to  take  full  advantage  of  the  output  from 
the  transformer  station,  the  capital  cost  of  the  whole  equipment 
c-ui  be  recouped  by  the  increased  returns  during  the  first  year  of 
working. 


Tin;  second  b'cport  of  the  KxploBions  in  Mines  Committee 
to  tlie  Home  Secn-tary  has  been  issued,  and  deals  with 
experiments  made  to  determine  the  inMammaliility  of  various 
coal  dusts. 

The  degree  of  "  inflammability "  of  any  eombuBtilde 
material  can  be  defined  as  the  degree  of  case  witJi  which  its 
oxidation  can  be  efT(!Cted  so  as  to  produce  Hame.  It  will  be 
seen  from  this  ddinition  that  tlie  inflammability  of  any 
combustible  material  dejH'nds  essentially  on  its  chemifal 
aflinity  for  oxygen.  The  inflammability  must  alsrj,  however, 
be  aiVected  to  a  large  extent  by  the  physical  condition  of  the 
combustible  material,  whereby  it  is  rendered  more  or  less 
open  to  attack  by  the  oxygen. 

When  considering  the  relative  degrees  of  inflammability  of 
coal  dusts,  it  can  be  accepted  as  an  axiom  that  th&' finer  the 
dust  from  any  particular  coal  the  greater  its  inflammability. 
This  has  been  confirmed  by  a  large  number  of  exj^rimentK. 
Hearing  this  in  mind,  the  consideration  of  the  more 
important  and  more  complicated  problem  of  the  influence  of 
the  chemical  nature  of  the  coal  on  the  inflammability  of  the 
dust  from  it  can  at  once  be  proceeded  with. 

The  method  of  investigation  chiefly  followed  by  the  Com- 
mittee has  depended  upon  the  destructive  distillation  of 
different  varieties  of  coal  under  different  conditions.  The 
apparatus  used  by  the  investigators  is  described  below. 
Accurately  weighed  quantities  of  the  dust  were  blown  upon 


^T^. 


Coal  (:|u6^ 


d  I 


Pltthnam  spirit  , 

\ 

\             (SwirVj     capillary   h>'kt. 

TKcr^-c 

.„..u              _l/ 

X 

^^ 

lead 

'   v^    /*r'~— 

/     \      'X.TVrM-coufk   Itaa. 

KenVinq  cun-tnf    \ 
lead 

^^^ ^ 

Hcttt'ir.^   curre^l"    kacl. 

Fig.  1. 

a  platinum  spiral  maintained  at  the  same  temperature  in 
each  case,  and  their  relative  inflammabilities  were  judged  by 
the  impulses  given  to  a  ballistic  pendulilm  by  the  sudden 
expansion  consequent  on  the  inflammation  of  the  dust 
clouds. 

Referring  to  tig.  1,  a  is  a'glass  cylinder,  8  cm.  in  diameter 
and  140  cm.  long,  open  at  both  ends.  A  platinum  coil  of 
No,  32  gauge  wire,  closely  wound  on  to  a  tube  of  thm-walled 
quartz  of  capillary  bore,  passes  horizontally  across  a  diameter 
of  the  cylinder  at  a  point  40  cm.  from  one  end.  Through 
the  bore  of  the  quartz  tube  a  platinum  and  platinum-rhodium 
thermo-couple  passes,  and  is  connected  to  a  milli-voltmeter 
calibrated  so  as  to  read  temperatures  on  the  Centigrade  scale. 
By  means  of  suitable  connections,  an  electric  current  can  be 
passed  through  the  spiral,  so  that  it  can  be  heated  to  any 
temperature  up  to  about  1,400  C,  and  maintained  at  a  con- 
stant temperature  by  the  adjustment  of  an  external 
resistance.  The  length  of  the  spiral  is  17  mm.,  and  its 
diameter  1"5  mm.  The  coal  dust  to  be  tested  is  blown 
across  the  heated  spiral  as  a  cloud  of  a  fairly  uniform  density, 
successive  trials  being  made  until  a  temperature  is  found 
at  which  general  inflammation  of  the  dust  cloud  takes 
place. 

To  obtain  the  dust  cloud,  about  '1  gm.  of  the  sieved  and 
dried  dust  is  placed  in  a  glass  tube  of  2'5  cm.  internal 
diameter  and  4.5  cm.  long.  This  tube  is  closed  at  one  end 
by  a  rubber  stopper  carrying  a  glass  tap  of  1  cm.  bore.  It  is 
supported  so  that  the  open  end  is  at  a  distance  of  30  cm. 


124 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.      [Vol.  72.    No.  1, 83.%  January  24, 191  a. 


from  the  spiral.     The  tap  is  connected  with  an  arrangement 
for  givins:  a  constant  puff  of  air. 

The  mctliod  of  niakinj:  the  determination  is  as  follows  : — 
The  dried  and  sieved  dust  is  introduced  into  the  tube  B  so 
that  it  lies  evenly  over  its  whole  length,  and  the  tul>e  is  then 
closed  by  the  rubber  stopping  and  tap,  and  clamped  in 
position."  The  platinum  coil  is  then  raised  to  such  a 
temperature  as  previous  trials  may  have  indicated  to  be 
about  that  required.  The  dust  cloud  is  then  produced  by 
suddenly  opening  the  tap  c.  The  air  blast  passing  over 
the  surface  of  the  dust  raises  the  top  layer  and  carries  it 
into  the  larger  tube,  and  over  the  heated  coil  in  a  cloud 
that  remains  uniform  during  the  stroke  of  the  piston.  If 
ignition  takes  place,  the  temperature  of  the  platinum  coil  is 
lowered  10"  or  20'  C,  and  a  fresh  trial  is  made,  and  so  on, 
until  two  temperatures  are  obtained,  differing  by  10"  C,  at 


CusV    WW 


Porcelaift   Mt- 

^Vkn^    viVK 
pUtiixum    wire 


UaJI    for    mermo- couple 

Alummmm  sKuMx. 
Aslxsto*  S^^m9 
Asbesfos    wool. 

"Hicrtno-juncHiin 


^Leo-i    for    HvfM-touple 


Fig.  2. 

one  of  which  inflammation  takes  place,  whilst  at  the  other 
the  dust  cloud  passes  over  uninflamed.  The  mean  tempera- 
tore  is  then  taken  to  be  the  ignition  temperature  of.  the  dust 
under  the  conditions  of  the  experiments. 

The  French  mining  authorities  have  carried  out  experi- 
ments dealing  with  the  same  problem,  and  their  index  of  in- 
flammability is  the  size  or  length  of  the  flame  produced  when 
a  given  quantity  of  the  dust  is  blown  through  a  vertical 
porcelain  tube  of  25  mm.  internal  diameter  and  10  cm.  long, 
heated  to  a  temperature  of  900'  C.  The  Home  Office  Com- 
mittee has  made  similar  experiments,  employing  the  appa- 
ratus shown  in  fig.  2. 

The  dust,  carefully  sieved  and  dried,  is  introduced  into 
the  horizontal  dust  tube,  its  weight  being  0-2  gm.  The 
wide  portion  of  this  dust  tube  is  then  placed  vertically  in 
the  small  electric  furnace,  a  slip  of  copper  gauze  being  intro- 
duced between  the  furnace  tube  and  the  dust  tube.  ■  The 
temperature,  measured  by  a  platinum  and  platinum-rhodium 
thermo-couple  passing  through  the  furnace  and  in  contact 
with  its  walls,  is  then  raised  to  900'  C.  and  maintained 
constant.  A  tap,  which  connects  the  dust  tube  to  the  appa- 
ratus for  giving  a  constant  puff  of  air,  is  now  quickly 
opened.  .Ml  the  dust  in  the  dust  tube  is  thus  projected 
downwards  through  the  furnace.  It  ignites,  and  a  flame 
appears  underneath.  This  flame  is  photographed,  the 
experiments  being  made  in  the  dark,  and  the  sensitised  plate 
being 'exposed  a  little  time  before  the  tap  is  opened  and 
allowed  to  remain  exposed  until  all  flame  has  disappeared. 
It  is  from  the  appearance  of  such  flames  that  the  French 
experimenters  judge  the  relative  inflammabilities  of  the 
different  dusts. 

In  making  these  experiments  the  Committee  found  that, 
■provided  all  the  exper  mental  conditions  were  maintained 
rigidlv  con.stant,  the  size  and  type  of  flame  obtained  from  one 
particular  coal  remained  remarkably  constant  from  one  experi- 
ment to  another.  Comparison  between  one  coal  and  another 
by  means  of  the  photographs  of  their  flames  can,  therefore, 
be  relied  on. 

The  experiments   show  that  the  relative  inflammability 
does  not  depend  upon  the  total   volatile  matter,  hut  on  the 


relative  ease  with  which  inflammable  gases  are  evolved. 
The  order  of  inflammability  so  obtained  corrcFponds  in  a 
remarkable  degree  with  the  percentage  of  inflammable  matter 
extracted  from  the  same  coals  by  pyridine.  The  Committee 
is  of  opinion  that  these  two  methods  form  a  valuable  means 
of  discriminating  between  different  coals  in  respect  of  the 
sensitiveness  of  their  dusts  to  ignition.  It  must,  however, 
be  noted  that  these  tests  have  been  made  with  dusts  artifi- 
cially ground  and  sieved  to  an  equal  degree  of  fineness,  and 
since  coals  differ  considerably  in  their  f  ower  of  resistance  to 
pulverisation,  the  friability  of  a  coal  must  be  taken  into 
account. 

There  are  three  appendices  to  the  report,  dealing  with  the 
volatile  constituents  of  coal,  the  extraction  of  coal  by  pyri- 
dine, and  analyses  of  coals  and  their  relative  ignition  tem- 
peratures. 


THE    NATIONAL    INSURANCE    ACT.    1911. 


OUTWORKKRS.      CoNTBACT   OK   SERVICE. 


By  JOS.  J.  H.  STANSFIELD,  F.C.I.S. 


The  first  schedule  to  the  National  Insurance  Act,  1911, 
consists  of  two  parts,  the  first  containing  a  list  of  employ- 
ments within  the  meaning  of  that  part  of  the  Act  referring 
to  health  insurance,  and  the  second  a  list  of  exceptions. 

Paragraph  (r)  of  the  first  part  provides  that  insured  per- 
sons includes  outworkers — that  is,  persons  to  whom  articles 
or  materials  are  given  out  to  be  made  up,  cleaned,  washed, 
altered,  ornamented,  finished  or  repaired,  or  adapted  for  sale 
in  the  home  or  other  premises  not  under  the  control  or 
management  of  the  person  who  gave-out  the  articles  or 
materials,  unless  the  Insurance  Commissioners  have  by 
Special  Order  excluded  any  particular  class  or  description  of . 
such  outworkers. 

The  amount  of  insurance  payable  for  outworkers  in  many 
cases  causes  difficulty.  Where  a  person  is  continuously 
employed  by  one  employer  the  difficulty  is  not  great,  and  no 
hardship  is  laid  either  upon  employer  or  worker  beyond  that 
entailed  by  the  ordinary  employer  whose  workpeople  are 
engaged  upon  the  premises  of  the  employer,  but  many  out- 
workers work  for  more  than  one  employer,  or  only  work  at 
intervals,  or  are  assisted  by  other  members  of  their  family 
In  such  cases  both  employer  and  worker  are  placed  at  a  dis- 
advantage ;  the  employer  because  of  the  intermittency  of  the 
employment  entailing  the  insurance  of  a  proportionately 
larger  number  of  employc-e,  and  the  outworker  because  more 
than  one  contribution  per  week  would  be  payable,  or  betause 
deductions  would  be  made  when  employment  might  have  been 
available  only  for  a  few  hours  during  the  week. 

Official  explanatory  leaflet  No.  26  shows  how  this  difficulty 
may  be  overcome,  contribntions  being  payable  under  two 
methods.  Method  A  is  the  ordinary  method  applicable  to 
insured  persons  working  on  the  premises  of  the  employer, 
one  contribution  being  payable  for  each  calendar  week 
(Monday  to  Sunday)  or  part  of  a  week  in  which  work  is 
done. 

Method  B  is  called  the  "  unit "'  system  of  payment,  and 
by  this  system  contribntions  are  payable  not  according  to 
weeks,  but  on  the  basis  of  the  amount  of  the  work  done, 
special  cards  (A.O.  for  men  and  E.O.  for  women)  being 
issued. 

"Where  outworkers  are  working  for  more  than  one  employer 
and  Method  A  is  adopted,  the  employers  may  agree  to  stamp 
the  card  in  rotation,  but  if  they  do  not  so  agree,  each 
employer  must,  whenever  work  is  brought  in,  stamp  the 
card  for  each  week  or  part  of  a  week  that  has  passed  since  the 
work  was  given  out,  unless  contributions  in  respect  of  those 
weeks  have  been  paid  by  some  other  employer. 

Under  Method  A,  only  one  contribution  is  payable  for^ach 
week,  but  where  Method  B  is  also  used  and  an  outworker 
woi'ks  for  more  than  one  employer,  one  card  must  be  used  for 
the  one  or  more  employers  who  use  Method  A,  and  a 
sej  arate  card  for  each  employer  using  Method  B. 


Vol.78.  No.  i.83B,JiNuiHv  21,1913.1      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


120 


'  units"  : — 

u})  to  and  inolndinf? 

r  and  liand-liiimuiered 
over   up  to    ij  in. 


Under  this  regulation  more  than  one  contribution  may  be 
payable  for  the  same  week,  but  after  .'i'J  contributions  have  been 
paid  in  any  year,  no  further  contributions  need  bo  paid  for  tlie 
year  if  tlie  outworiicr  applies  to  his  or  her  approved  society,  or 
to  the  Insurance  Coinniissioncrs  for  a  certificate  to  this  effect. 
On  the  otlier  liiind,  an  outworkci'  lo^MiIarly  employed  by  an 
employer  who  is  nsin}^  Method  A,  and  by  another  employer 
who  is  using  Method  H,  may  call  upon  the  latt<;r  employer 
to  also  use  Method  A  after  the  end  of  any  (juarter. 

I'nder  Method  H  one  contribution  is  payable  for  each 
unit  of  work,  however  long  or  short  a  time  the  work  may 
have  taken.  This  unit  is  an  amount  of  work  which  earns  a 
certain  sum  fixed  by  the  Commissioncis  for  each  trade,  and 
it  is  intended  to  represent  the  amount  an  ordinary  worker 
would  earn  if  a  full  week  were  worked. 

The  following  are  a  few  samples  of  ' 

1.  J  land-hammered  chain  making 
'. '  in.  (i.e.,  small  sizes)  lOs. 

L'.  Dollied  or  tommied  chain  makHif. 
chain  making  of  i|  in.  diamettr  and 
inclusive — 20s. 

;i.  'I'he  making  of  boxes  or  parts  thereof  made  wholly  or 
partially  of  paper,  cardboard,  chip  and  similar  material.  For 
female  workers  J  28. 

Where  no  units  have  so  far  been  fi.\ed  for  any  particular 
class  of  work  a  general  unit  of  1  .Js.  for  male  workers  and 
.Ss.  !)d.  for  female  workers  has  been  fixed  by  the  Com- 
missioners, but  where  these  general  units  are  considered  to  be 
under  or  over  the  work  value  of  a  week,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Insurance  Commissioners  may  be  written  to  and  unit  values 
of  a  different  amount  may  then  be  prescribed  if  thought 
desirable. 

If  a  unit  is,  say  10s.,  and  a  worker  brings  in  work  for 
which  10s.  itd.is  payable,  two  stamps  need  not  be  paid, 
and  the  extra  !)d.  may  be  carried  forward  towards 
the  next  unit.  On  the  other  hand,  if  work  is  for  the  first 
time  brought  in  below  the  value  of  a  unit,  a  stamp  must  be 
affixed,  but  no  furtliei-  stamp  is  payable  until  the  total  value 
of  the  unit  is  made  up.  In  reckoning  the  value  of  work, 
any  expenses  incurred  in  doing  the  work  must  be  deducted 
before  arriving  at  the  unit  value. 

The  regulations  as  to  employment  of  outworkers  liave 
recently  been  amended,  and  the  amended  regulations  came 
into  force  on  January  13th  of  this  year.  The  Official 
Explanatory  Leaflets,  Xos.  25  and  2G  (revised),  deal  with 
the  question  of  outworkers  in  England. 

The  second  part  of  the  first  schedule  to  the  Act  provides 
that  outworkei-s  who  are  the  wives  of  insured  persons  are 
not  insurable.  This  exception  placed  such  workers  in  a 
l>etter  position  than  other  outworkers,  and  an  order  has  been 
made  by  the  Commissioners,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Treasury,  to  include  such  persons. 

It  is,  however,  pointed  out  that  the  Act  provides  (Sec.  2) 
that  if  she  is  ordinarily  and  mainly  dependent  for  her  liveli- 
hood upon  some  other  person,  a  certificate  of  exemption  can 
b3  obtained  by  applying  to  the  nearest  Customs  and  Excise 
officer.  No  contribution  will  then  be  payable  by  the  worker, 
but  the  employer  will  still  have  to  pay  his  own  share  of  the 
contributions. 

Contimt  of  Service. — Paragraph  {n)  of  the  first  part  of  the 
First  Schedule  to  the  Act  uses  the  words  "contract  of 
service  "  in  determining  whether  an  employe  is  insurable  or 
not,  and  cases  occur  where  the  Insurance  Commissioners  are 
asked  to  determine  whether  any  particular  class  of  worker 
comes  within  the  Act. 

Such  an  application  was  recently  made  by  a  number 
of  insurance  companies  and  friendly  societies,  who  wished 
to  know  whether  agents  paid  by  commission  or  fees  for  part 
time  or  spare  time  service  to  canvass  for  business  or  to 
collect  moneys,  were  employed  under  a  contract  for  service. 

On  December  9th  last  the  Commissioners  held  a  public 
hearing,^  and  decided  that  agents  engaged  under  the  agree- 
ments handed  in  by  the  companies  and  societies  had  to  be 
insured,  unless  paragraphs  (t)  and  (</)  of  the  second  part  of 
the  first  schedule  to  the  Act  applied. 

Paragraph  (c)  provides  that  agents  paid  by  commission  or 
fees,  or  by  a  share  in  the  profits,  or  partly  in  one  and  partly 
in  another  such  way,  are  not  insurable  as  agents  where  they 
are  mainly  dependent  on  earnings  from  some  other  occupation 
or  where  they  are  ordinarily  employed  as  agent  by  more  than 


one  employer,  and  hiu  employment  under  no  one  of  iinch 
employers  is  that  on  which  he  is  muirdy  dependent  for  bin 
livelihood. 

Paragraph  (//;  provides  that  employment  otlier  wine  than 
by  way  of  manual  labour  at  a  rate  of  rerfiuneration  excc-eding 
£l(;0  a  year,  or  employment  involving  pjiri  lime  service  only, 
at  a  rate  of  remuneration  which,  in  the  opinion  of  the  f'om- 
missioners,  is  equivalent  to  a  rat4;  exceeding  jUlfJO  a  year  for 
whole  time  service,  is  not  insurable. 


THE     ELECTRIC     DRIVE      IN     THE     WOOD 
WORKING    YARD. 


Vy.w  to-day  question  the  increased  economy  and  efliciency  to 
be  obtained  by  the  application  of  electrical  power,  but  per- 
haps it  has  not  made  such  strides  in  the  wood-working 
industry  as  in  other  directions.  This  is  chiefly  Vjecause  the 
proprietor,  as  a  rule,  has  had  too  limited  an  idea  of  the 
benefits  to  be  derived  from  electric  driving.  Ho  has  lr>oked 
only  for  a  decreased  power  bill,  and  has  Ijeen  tiuite  unaware 
that  an  electrical  power  equipment  would  enable  him  t<> 
improve  and  quicken  his  processes,  increase  his  output,  and 
reduce  his  labour  bill. 

Where  there  is  a  public  electrical  supply  a\ailable,  very 
advantageous  terms  can  often  be  arranged.  Put  the 
important  economies  mentioned  above  make  it  advisable  to 
use  electrical  power,  even  when  no  pnl)lic  supply  is  at  hand. 
In  such  cases  the  steam  boiler  and  engine  may  still  b«* 
retained  (and,  if  necessary,  the  wood  waste  still  used  as  fuel), 
but  instead  of   mechanically  di-striiniting  the  power  through 


General  View  of  Sawmill. 

shafting  and  belts,  the  engine  should  be  used  to  dr-ive  a 
dynamo,  supplying  current  to  drive  motors  coupled  to 
individual  machines  or  groups  of  machines. 

Wood-working  machines  are  very  diverse  in  their  charac- 
teristics, and  require  individual  consideration  in  order  to 
secure  the  best  results.  In  nearly  all  cases  the  load  is  a 
very  fluctuating  one,  due  to  knots,  uneven  sawing,  and 
nipping  of  the  timber,  while  there  is  always  the  liability  of 
sudden  overloads  due  to  these  causes.  Gradual  starting  of 
the  tools  is  a  necessity  owing  to  their  very  high  working 
speed  and  heavy  starting  load,  as  in  four-cutter  planing 
and  moulding  machines,  and  it  is  equally  necessary  to  be 
able  to  stop  immediately  in  cases  of  emergency. 

These  conditions  demand  that  the  switcbgear  should  te 
simple  to  manipulate,  or  it  will  absorb  attention  on  tie 
part  of  the  workman  which  should  be  given  to  his  work. 

The  motor  must  be  automatically  protected  by  the  con- 
trolling device  against  damage  arising  from  failure  of  voltage 
or  from  overloads,  and  the  switcbgear  must  be  capable  of 
frequently  opening  circuit  on  the  occurrence  of  dangerous 
overloads,  without  itself  sustaining  damage. 


126 


THE     ELECTRICAL'    REVIEW.       LVol.72.    No.l.SSn,  January  24,  isi 3 


lb  is  also  advisable  completely  to  enclose  the  8v\-itchgear  in 
one  substantial  bonsing,  as,  in  spite  of  the  elaborate  system 
of  suction  pipes,  the  atmosphere  is  :nore  or  less  charged  with 
dust,  which  tends  to  jiercolate  everywhere. 

A  conspicuous  example  of  what  may  be  achieved  by  a 
well-planned  installation,  emhi^dyintr  the  most  suitable  form 


Lea  Vai.i.ey  Mills 


30-H.i'.  Motors  and  "Conspf.de' 
DBiviNG  Line  Shafts. 


of  control,  is  afforded  by  Messrs.  T>athom's  Lea  Valley  Mills, 
of  which  the  following  is  a  brief  description  : — 

The  whole  lay-out  was  arranged  by  the  engineers  of  the 
Hackney  Borough  Council's  Electricity  Installation  and  Sales 
I  )epartfiient.  The  total  horse-power  at  present  installed  is 
280,  and  the  voltage  240  and  480  volts  D.c.  The  largest 
motor  is  of  .jd  n.p.,  and  the  smallest  2  H.i'. 

All  the  motors  are  shunt  wound,  fitted  with  interpoles. 
and  of  the  enclosed  ventilated  type,  by  Messrs.  J.  H.  Holmes 
and  Co.,  of  Xewcastle-on-Tyne.  One  50-H.i>.  motor  drives 
a  hne  0/  shafting,  which  drives  four  36-in.  circular  saw- 
benches.  The  second  .">0-ii.i'.  motor  drives  two  log  frames 
of  the  vertical  reciprocating  type,  by  Messrs.  Kobinson,  of 
Rochdale,  each  machine  being  capable  of  making  any 
numljer  of  vertical  cuts  np  to  24  simultaneously  from  logs 
up  to  .30  in.  s(|.  and  12  ft.  long. 

One  15-11.1'.  motor  drives  a  log-framesaw  of  the  horizontal 
reciprocating  type,  by  Jfessrs.  .1.  Pickle  &:  Son,  of  Hebden 
Bridge,  which  is  capable  of  making  one  cut  up  to  48  in., 
cutting  at  the  rate  of  2  in.  per  minute. 

Four  30-H.i'.  motors  each  drive  a  length  of  shafting,  from 
which  various  moulding  and  planing  machines,  vertical 
spindles,  circular  saws  and  band  saws  are  driven. 

Other  smaller  macliines  are  fixed  for  working  saw- 
sharpening  tools,  &c.  ^ 

The  control  panels  at  Messrs.  Lathom's  mills  are  all  made 
by  the  Adams  JIanufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  London  and 
liedford,  and  of  the  well-known  "  Adams  Igranic  Con- 
spede  "  type  ;  they  can  be  clearly  seen  in  the  illustrations. 
Each  panel  is  enclosed  in  an  iron  housing  of  pillar  form. 
and  special  precautions  are  taken  in  enclosing  the  control 
gear  to  exclude  the  dust  effectively. 

In  individual  driving  it  is  even  more  essential  than  in 
group  driving  to  provide  means  for  rendering  sudden  over- 
loads harndess,  beeaiise  in  individual  driving  the  motor  has 
only  power  sufHcient  for  the  one  machine  that  it  drives,  and 
no  a,ssistance  is  available  from  fly-wheels  or  countershaft 
pulleys,  while  the  amount  of  kinetic  energy  stored  in  the 
moving  parts  of  the  machine  and  the  motor  is  practically 
negligil)le.  For  instance,  if  a  saw  sticks,  as  it  is  always 
liable  to  do,  the  electric  motor,  in  order  to  cope  with  the  in- 
creased load,  demands  an  abnormal  amount  of  power  from 
the  mains.  When  this  demand  reaches  a  value  likely  to  be 
injurious  to  the  motor,  the  machine  should  be  automatically 
stopped  and  the  overload  removed. 


Automatic  stopping  under  an  overload  is  very  trying  to 
the  control  gear,  and  this  is  a  point  at  which  unsuitable  con- 
trollers invariably  fail  and  give  trouble.  The  only  satis- 
factory method  of  breaking  a  large  overload  current  is  to 
remove  the  actual  break  from  the  contacts  of  the  starter 
altogether,  and  allow  it  to  take  place  on  a  specially  designed 
circuit-breaker,  which  should  be  fitted 
with  very  powerful  magnetic  blow-out 
and  carbon  circuit-breaking  contacts. 

In  the  "  Conspede  "  controllers  the 
circuit-breakers  are  made  to  be  self- 
resetting.  They  have  no  handle,  the 
whole  operation  being  entirely  auto- 
matic, and  no  further  attention  is  re- 
(juired  to  restart  the  motor  after  being 
stopped  by  an  overload  than  simply  to 
reduce  the  load  to  safe  dimensions,  and 
start  iigain  in  the  ordinary  way. 

The  circuit-breaker  and  starttr  are 
so  interlocked  that  the  first  movement 
of  the  starter  handle  in  the  direction 
for  starting  causes  the  circuit-breaker 
to  close  automatically,  and  should  an 
overload  occur,  either  through  too- 
rapid  starting  or  from  any  other  cause, 
it  will  reopen,  and  no  effort  on  the 
pai-t  of  the  operator  will  avail  to  keep 
it  closed  until  the  load  is  lightened. 
Furthermore,  having  opened,  the 
circuit-breaker  will  not  close  again 
until  all  the  starting  resistance  has 
been  re-inserted.  A  backward  mo\e- 
ment  of  the  starter -handle  immediately 
stops  the  motor  by  opening  the  circuit- 
breaker,  thereby  making  the  cxjutacta 
dead  and  protecting  them  against  sparking  and  burning. 
The  panels  have  the  great  advantage  of  having  only  one 
handle,  so  that  there  is  no  possibility  of  the  various  operations 
being  performed  in  improper  sequence,  as  might  occur  if  there 
were  two  or  more  handles,  and  the  attendant  were  to  operate 
them  in  incorrect  order. 

Each  panel  is  provided  with  a  stopping  button  at  the 
side  of  the  housing.  These  buttons  are  arranged  to  open 
the  circuit-breaker,  not  toi  short-circuit  the  no-volt  spools. 


CONTEOLLKKS 


Loo  Frame,  Saw  ..t   ihi;  Vluticai.  1;i;ciiuocatjn(;  Typk, 
AND  Control  Panel. 

This  feature  makes  tlie  panels  equally  suitable  for  stopping 
the  machines  as  for  starting  them,  as  the  main  circuit  is. 
never  broken  on  the  starter  contacts.  Any  number  of  theSe 
buttons  may  be  fitted  round  the  various  tnachines,  thus 
placing  them  entirely  under  the  control  of  the  workmen,  so 
that  the  machines  can  be  stopped  immediately  on  emergency 
from  any  position, 

Wc  understand  that  since  this  plant  was  installed,  over  six 
months  ago,  the  Counciri  engineer!  have  not  had  to  replace 
a  single  fuse. 


Vol.7...   No.  i,H:ir.,jANUAuv..,  191.1     Till]    ELECTRICAL    IIEVIEW. 


127 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

/Mtert  reoeivM  by  tu  aftin-  6  p.m.  on  Tukhday  cannot  appnar  until 
ths  follvwmy  wefk.  Corrf»poml«ntt  tlwuld  fvnoard  tfurir  ctntnnuni- 
oatum*  at  tits  earlint  poiribU  vionmnt.  Ao  iMtttr  can  bii  publiihed 
uhUu  «m  A/wo  th«  writ/ir'i  name  and  addrett  in  ow  poueitiim. 


Screw  ("lips  lor  Itudlator  Liiiiips. 

Iveplyit)};  to  Mr.  W.  II.  Allen's  letter  in  your  issue  of 
.lannary  I7tli,  respecting  llio  trouble  with  radiator  lanjjm 
and  lainpholdcrs,  I  aj^reo  that  the  ordinary  bayonet  type  is 
(|uit(!  unsatisfactory.  The  screw  holder  would  be  an 
improvement,  but  for  some  reason  this  type  of  holder  is  not 
popular  in  this  country. 

I  have  experienced  the  burnin<,'  away  of  the  plunf^a-rs  of 
the  holders,  and  also  the  contact  plates  of  the  lamps  con- 
tinually, as  many  radiators  pass  through  this  department  in 


Horizontal  Reciprocatinq  Loo  Frame  Saw  at  Lea  Valley  Mills. 

the  course  of  a  year.  I  think,  however,  I  have  overcome 
the  difficulty  by  using  "Mumps"  holders,  which  lock  the 
lamps  in  the  bolder.  The  porcelain  body  carrying  the  con- 
nections can  be  pressed  forward  to  the  lamp  cap  by  means  of 
a  threaded  ring  to  such  an  extent  that  the  plunger  sleeves 
engage  with  the  lamp  connections,  thus  forming  a  solid 
contact  with  the  lamp.  I  have  tested  this  form  of  lamp- 
holder  since  last  September,  and,  in  fact,  all  radiators  now 
issued  from  this  department  are  fitted  with  this  particular 
type  of  holder.  The  holders  cost  nearly  three  times  as 
much  as  the  ordinary  bayonet  type,  but  the  difference  in 
cost  is  nothing  compared  with  the  saving  in  upkeep  and 
satisfaction  to  the  user. 

S.  E.  Fedden,  Manayf,; 

Electricity  Supply  Department,  Sheffield. 


The  Case  of  the  Sub-Man. 

I  was  very  pleased  to  see  your  remarks  ic  pefsonalitieg, 
and  feel  sure  the  stale  "old  chestnuts  "  apply  neither  to  the 
average  present-day  wireman  nor  to  the  sub-man.  But 
what  has  struck  me  is  the  abhorrence  which  every  sub-man 
has  to  membership  of  the  Electrical  Trades  Union,  and  I 
trust  you  will  let  me  say  a  word  in  defence  of  that  ssociety. 
Allow  me,  first  of  all,  to  welcome  the  movement  to  bring 
togetlier  our  central  station  men.  Of  course  I  should 
prefer  them  to  be  members  of  our  Tnion,  but  faOing  that,  I 
hope  a  good  strong  organisation  will  be  birilt  up,  The 
E.T.U.  has  always  fought  for  the  betterment  of  the  con- 
ditions of  the  workers  in  our  industry,  no  matter  in  what 


capacity,  and  if,  up  to  now,  no  gnat  suwxsH  hiw  Ijten 
••llected,  that  is  becauwi  the  men  out«ide  our  rankft  have  not 
sftcn  the  benelitH  of  organisation.  Yet,  ut  (|uite  u  large 
niindxrof  central  stutionn  in  I,ondon  alone,  the  K.T.C.  ha« 
been  the  means  of  getting  the  men  employed  there  fairly 
large  increases,  and,  honestly,  I  do  not  like  to  we  thiH  biting 
the  hand,  which  fif  it  does  not  feed;  at  any  rate  liclpa  it. 
Th(t  men  employed  at  the  stations  at  I'oplur,  WoBt 
Ham,  Mattersea,  li.C.C,  &c.,  iiave  had  their  waj/es 
largely  increased  through  the  effort*!  of  the  E.T.i;,.,  anrl 
that,  too,  .Mr.  Editor,  without  a  strike.  The  iniaptiebook-< 
of  these  various  concerns  will  prove  whether  I  speak  the 
truth  or  not.  How  many  of  the  men  employed  at  thes<> 
stations  are.  members  of  the  E.T.T,  .>  I  wonder!  How 
many  would  join  to  help  pay  for  the  benefits  they  are 
receiving,  and  to  help  keep  them  up  ?  f  wonder !  Too 
degrading,  f  suppose.  I  have  yet  to  learn  of  any  of  thes.- 
increases  of  .j.-.,  Ts ,  and  in  some  ca.s<-s 
even  more  per  week,  being  refused  Ix- 
cause  they  were  the  outcome  of  actions 
taken  by  the  E.T.I'. 

So    1   trust   the    sub-man   will    not 
run  down  (juite  so  much  the  Electrical 
Trades  Union,  the  members  of  which 
ai-e  trying  to  better   the  conditions  of 
those  who  are  employed  in  this  industry 
of  ours — and  as  regards  the  sub-man, 
it  re((uires  some  bettering.     We  have 
it  on  the  word   of    Mi.  Balfour,   .Mr. 
Moyd  (Jeorge,  the  Bishops  of  Hereford 
and  Jiondon,  etc.,  and  all  the  leading 
scientists  of  to-day,  that  the  first  charge 
upon  any  industry  should  be  a  living 
wage  for  all  the  persons  employed   in 
that  industry.     If  any  industry  was  not 
able  to  stand  that,  it  should  be  swept 
away,  as  it  was  a  menace  and  danger 
to  the   community.      If  this    is   true, 
and  I,    for   one,   should    not   care    to 
disagree  in  this  case  with  the  eminent 
persons    named,    then    half    of    these 
islands   would    be   without  light    and 
power,  apart  from  anything  else.     So, 
sub-men,  organise,  join  this  Association, 
try  to  improve  your  status,  and  get  a 
living   wage,  but  don't  be  snobs.     In 
conclusion,  I  will  relate  a  httle  incident, 
wliirh  is  ((bsoluteh/  di/e,  and  happened 
only  a  few  months  ago. 
At  a  large  mill  in  Lancashire  all  the  hands  were  in  their 
Trade  Unions,  except  the  engine  room  stafiF  (about  a  dozen 
in   number).     But  in  these  days  of  industrial  unrest  no  one 
is  safe,  and  the  men  and  women  employed  at   this  mill 
demanded   that   the   engine   room   staff   should   join   their 
Union— viz.,  the  E.T.U.     The  fiat   went  forth  from  the 
manager  that  this  should  be  so,  and  the  engine  room  men 
were  irate.    A  deputation  met  the  manager  and  directors,  and 
stated  that  all  the  men  had  conscientious  objections  to  joining 
the   E.T.U.       Said   the    manager,    "  I   have   conscientious 
objections  to  all  Trade   Unions,  but  my  conscience  cannot 
stand  in  the  way  of  my  business.     You  will  have  to  be  like 
me— give  your  conscience  a  rest."     They  joined  the  Elec- 
trical Trades  I'nion  to  a  man,  and  their  wages  now  are  a  bit 
more  than  they  used  to  be,  and  their  conscience  is  still 
resting. 

So  don't  be  snobs  ;  we  are  not  exactly  mice,  and  even  the ;. 
have  been  known  to  help  lions. 

W.  J.  Wehit. 
I-ondon,  W.,  Jannari/  18///,  IDl.S. 


Having  read  with  considerable  interest  the  many  lettci  - 
on  central-station  and  sub-station  engineers'  grievances  duriiiL 
the  past  few  weeks,  I  am  not  at  all  surprised  at  the  ratho: 
heated  remarks.  I  myself  being  a  central'Station  enginee: 
agree  with  my  fellow  engineers  and  sub-station  men.  I 
might  point  out  to  Mr.  Potter  and  his  friends  that  the 
greater  portion  of  the  centraUstation  engineers,  &c..  are  men 
who  have  been  through  the  shop?  of  firms  who  manufacture 
the   electrical   and   mechanical    machinery   usetl   in  central 


128 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     LVoi.  72.  No.  i,836,  jahtjast  24, 1913. 


stations.  These  men  aiv  Llie  fit  ami  proper  ijersons  to  tuke 
chary^e  Ijecause  of  their  pei-soiial  and  practical  knowledge  of 
the  machinery  under  their  oare.  1  understand  that  Mr. 
J'otter  is  under  the  im]iression  that  wiremen  are  also  fit  and 
(|aalitied  men  to  enter  upon  central-station  duties.  I  slumld 
like  to  point  out  that  tlie  wireman  is  a  man  used  to  wiring, 
erection  of  small  motors,  and  occasional  small  factory 
work.  As  to  central  stations,  his  ideas  are  wrong.  Where 
would  the  wireman  be  on  a  high-tension  board  ?  Another 
point  is  that  central  and  sub-stations  arc  in  the  first  ouseterected 
and  fitted  u]i  by  firms  supplying  the  equipment  and  not  by 
wiremen.  As  to  the  Association  of  Central- Station  Shift 
Engineei-s,  and  Submen,  &c.,  I  quite  agree  that  it  is  a  thing 
nuidi  needed. 

I  will  give  the  E.S.E.A.  my  support,  and  1  hope  that  the 
secretjjry  or  a  member  will  communicate  with  me  as  soon  as 
]X5ssible.  ^Ir.  Potter  need  not  be  afraid  that  we  shall 
upset  the  E.T.l'.,  as  I  cjin  assure  him  that  the  less  we  have 
to  do  with  that  society  the  better  for  all  :  we  require  trained 
men  as  engineei"S,  not  linemen  or  recruits.  1  consider  that 
all  engineens  ought  to  pass  an  examination  and  hold  a 
certificate  as  to  (jualifications. 

Central-Station  Engineer. 


I  have  read  with  interest  the  recent  letters  re  the  association 
of  subnien.  Why  this  should  be  necessary,  I  cannot  say. 
Why  not  at  once  form  an  electrical  association  and  include 
all  grades  who  aie  connected  with  the  running  and 
maintenance  of  electrical  plant  ?  The  submen  are  only  a 
small  section  compared  with  the  men  who  have  charge  of 
large  plants  in  works,  iV:c.,  where  electrical  power  is  used. 

I  have  charge  of  plant  for  one  of  our  leading  newspapers, 
and  there  must  be  a  large  number  in  similar  positions,  and 
from  experience  1  must  say  that  to  hold  these  positions 
requires  highly  skilled  men  and  practical  electricians  :  also 
there  must  be  hundreds,  if  not  thousands,  of  men  in  charge 
of  plants  in  large  works  and  business  establishments  in  the 
liritish  Isles.  I  know,  personally,  men  who  hold  positions 
of  this  description  whose  salaries  are  from  £;5  to  £0  per 
week,  and  I  cannot  say  that  it  requires  a  college  education 
to  secure  and  keep  these  positions.  A  practical  man  is 
what  masters  require  to-day.  I  have  had  my  wiring 
experience  with  a  firm  of  contractors,  and  very  glad  I  am 
to  know  that  I  can  do  this  class  of  work  when  required,  and' 
I  cannot  understand  anyone  classing  himself  an  electrician 
who  has  not  spent  some  time  in  wiring. 

My  point  is  this.  The  Electrical  Trades  I'nion  only 
cater  for  the  wiremen  and  armature  winders,  and  their 
rules  and  rates  of  wages  are  for  them  alone  ;  they  have  no 
rates  fo;-  plant  electricians,  so,  therefore,  it  is  useless  to  join 
them.     They  may  have  a  few  in  the  society,  but  not  many. 

What  I  suggest  to  plant  men  (including  submen)  is  to 
form  an  association  or  union,  and  not  have  it  split  into 
sections. 

This  correspondence  was  introduced  in  your  paper  some  two 
years  ago,  and  I  think  fell  through  owing  to  a  certain  section 
not  wishing  to  come  into  contact  with  the  other,  and  to  make 
a  successful  start  this  time  snobbishness  must  be  left  out. 

I  offered  two  years  ago  to  do  my  share  in  Lancashire  to 
form  an  association,  and  shall  be  pleased  to  do  eo  now,  and 
am  sure  should  anyone  write  the  editors  of  the  Review  we 
could  get  into  touch  with  each  other. 

Unity  iB  Stren^h. 

I  have  read  with  much  interest  thecorre8p<indeuce  in  this 
pajjer  with  regard  to  the  case  of  the  sub-man,  and  it  seems  to 
me  that  we  are  getting  very  wide  of  the  mark  at  which  this 
correspondence  was  started.  Now,  it  is  nothing  more  or 
less  than  an  argument  as  to  who  is  the  greater  "  gentleman," 
a  "  sub-man  "  or  a  "  wireman."  Speaking  from  experience, 
I  can  say  there  are  as  good  "  wiremen  "  with  breeding  and 
training  as  there  are  sub-men.  1  myself  have  lieen  a  much 
looked-down-upon  wireman  for  several  years,  although  I 
have  had  a  good  college  training,  and  technical  and  practical 
experience  in  sub-stations  and  jwwer  stations  of  every 
description.  I  heartily  endorse  "  Switchboard's  "  remarks 
that  a  man  to  make  a  good  engineer  is  not  necessarily 
the  man  of  good  birth  and  upbringing,  but  what  a 
man  is  in  himself.     If  "  Motor-Generator  "  and  "  Booster  " 


have  had  such  an  excellent  training  and  experiuucc,  why  do 
we  find  them  in  the  position  that  presumably  they  are  in  ? 
Why  accept  positions,  in  the  first  place,  at  such  a  low  salary, 
when,  with  all  their  (jualifications,  they  should  be  able  to 
obtain  better  ones  ?  If  they  accept  responsible  positions  afc 
a  low  salary  to  gain  experience,  and  can  afford  to  do  so,  why 
grumble  r  Also,  if  they  have  now  obtained  the  experience 
they  accepted  the  position  to  gain,  why  not  leave  and  pro\e 
their  worth  by  obtaining  a  more  lucrative  position  elsewhere  ? 
If  submen  spent  more  time  in  trying  to  improve  their  posi- 
tions, and  themselves,  by  carrying  out  their  duties  con- 
scientiously, and  less  time  in  running  down  people  the// 
consider  to  be  their  inferiors,  jierhaps  they  would  find  they 
would  not  have  so  much  to  complain  about.  Perhaps  you 
think  by  the  tone  of  this  letter  I  am  a  wireman  :  I  am  not, 
but  only  trying  to  be  fair  to  both  sides.  There  is  nothing 
to  be  ashamed  of  in  being  a  wireman  or  a  sub-man,  as  long 
as  he  proves  himself  to  act  as  a  gentleman.  A  good 
many  so-ctdled  sub-station  engineers  would  find  it  more 
advantageous  if  they  knew  a  little  more  about  wiring  than 
they  do  now,  and  it  would  help  them  to  understand  their 
own  positions  a  little  better. 

Old  Sub-Man. 


The  Association  or  Electrical  Station  Engineers. 

As  acting  chairman  of  the  new  Association  of  Electrical 
Station  Engineers,  I  should  like  to  make  a  few  comments 
upon  the  correspondence  that  has  been  taking  place  in  the 
Review  between  enthusiasts  on  the  side  of  the  Association, 
and  others  who  have  not  the  necessary  (jualifications  for 
membership. 

AVith  regard  to  the  latter  I  have  nothing  to  say,  except 
that  one  cannot  expect  persons  of  dissimilar  interests  to  be 
capable  of  seeing  "  eye-to-eye  "  in  the  matter  in  question. 

As  to  the  former  gentlemen,  with  whom  this  letter  is  con- 
cerned, I  think  it  would  be  better  now  for  them  to  cease 
from  exchanging  uncomplimentary  references  with  the  "  other 
side,"  as  this  behaviour  will  only  serve  to  lessen  the  dignity 
of  the,  as  yet,  embryo  Association,  and  act  as  a  deterrent  to 
a  large  number  of  very  desirable  potential  members. 

So  far  as  I  am  empowered  to  offer  advice  on  the  subject, 
it  would  appear  to  be  better  now  that  unofficial  corres- 
pondence on  the  Association  and  its  objects  should  cease,  for 
the  tone  of  the  majority  of  the  letters  is  not  calculated  to 
inspire  that  respect  for  the  organisation  to  which  it  should 
be  entitled  from  the  very  beginning.  Neither  is  it  fair  to 
Mr.  Ebben  and  the  othei-s  who  are  striving  for  the  success 
of  our  Association  that  they  should  be  hampered  in  their 
efforts  by  any  prejudices  that  may  arise,  due  to  the  over- 
enthusiastic  effusions  of  a  few  supporters,  however  well 
intentioned  they  may  be. 

I  trust  that  my  desires  as  above-mentioned  will  receive 
thoughtful  consideration  from  those  to  whom  they  are 
directed,  so  that  the  already  very  numerous  difficulties  with 
which  the  promoters  are  beset  may  not  be  increased  by  a  few 
irresponsible  remarks,  which,  perhaps,  after  a  little  thought, 
might  not  have  been  given  publicity. 

In  conclusion,  may  I  suggest  that  the  best  work  that  can 
be  done  for  the  Association  at  the  present  moment,  is  to  can- 
vass and  persuade  as  many  as  possible  of  our  colleagues  and 
professional  friends  and  acquaintances  to  be  present  at  the 
next  open  (icneral  Meeting,  to  be  held  on  February  Gth,  at 
the  same  hour  and  place  as  before. 

Tnrbo-Alternator. 


VUlaare  Ughilng. 


When  you  introduce  your  readers  to  special  articles  in 
your  valuable  paper  by  a  leaderette,  and  say  that  anything 
has  been  written  at  your  request,  one  at  least  hopes  to  derive 
some  useful  information  from  a  perusal  of  such  matter,  for 
the  burden  of  keeping  pace  with  all  the  weekly  engineering 
journals  is  very  considerable  to  busy  men,  so  that  when  seven 
columns  of  your  paper  are  devoted  to  a  subject  of  great 
interest  to  the  industry  generally,  it  is  disapi^inting  to  find 
such  a  lot  of  unreliable  matter  filling  your  paper,  as  occurs 
in  your  current  issue. 

You  suggest  that  "  the  work  of  small  supply  stations  is 
very  attractive,  and   if  gen^roui  terms  are  offeredi  there 


Vol.  75.  No.  1,88/5,  januam  34, 1818.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


129 


should  be  no  difficulty  in  getting  first-class  men  to  throw 
their  whole  energy  in  the  business." 

I  should  like  to  know  how  long  the  energy  of  this  first- 
cUss  man  would  bo  required  in  loading  up  a  lO-KW. 
generating  station,  which,  I  iiresume,  would  be  made  up  of 
secoiid-liatid  plant,  mains  and  buildings,  if  it  is  to  cost  only 
£.^)()0,  and  furtlicr,  what  would  bccom(>  of  this  fortunate 
individual's  energy  after,  say,  one  year's  wor'k  in  a  district 
of  1,000  inhabitants,  and  what  his  remuneration  would  then 
amount  to  'f  Mi-.  Wardalc  says  that  these  men  make  as 
much  money  as  chief  assistants  in  towns  with  a  population 
of  ."iO,000  (I  hope  they  make  it  honestly,  for  they  would 
have  much  humble  work  to  do),  hut  do  they  ': 

I  need  not  refer  to  many  statements  in  the  article  which 
are  as  doubtfully  correct  as  they  are  elementary,  but  surely, 
if  the  writer  had  any  real  knowledge  of  his  subject,  he 
would  never  have  committed  himself  to  the  half-trnths  that 
he  presumably  picked  up  during  his  "  fortnight's  holiday  " 
liere  and  there,  for  on  page  4(i  he  describes  a  plant  upon 
which  he  says  no  expense  was  spared,  and  must  therefore 
have  cost  well  over  £1,000,  having  an  output  of  6,100  units 
per  annum,  and  the  total  costs,  including  capital  charges, 
work  out  at  THd.  per  unit. 

Now,  Sir,  0,100  units  at  l"8d.  amounts  to  £45  15s.,  and 
as  the  investor  would  expect  at  least  £50  as  interest  on 
£1,000,  where  do  the  generous  terms  or  the  wages  of  the 
engineer  come  in  r  The  whole  thing  is  so  absurd  as  to  be 
valueless,  and  the  article  would  have  found  a  better  place  in 
a  ^d.  paper,  notwithstanding  the  description  of  an  under- 
taking with  an  output  of  2(1,000  units,  and  an  average  cost 
of  3d.  per  unit,  for  while  this  may  be  accepted  as  reasonable, 
the  article  savours  of  so  much  second-hand  information  as  to 
make  the  whole  appear  doubtful. 

My  only  excuse  for  these  few  remarks  is  that,  having 
carried  out  a  number  of  installations  in  all  sizes  for  such 
purposes  as  the  writer  describes,  I  know  that  many  of  his 
statements  are  unreliable,  and  that  people  contemplating 
such  installations  would  do  well  to  have  more  information 
before  embarking  upon  even  a  10-kw.  equipment  for  public 
supply  purposes. 

Willesden. 

.lanuarij  14///,  I '.MS. 


I  am  obliged  to  you  for  an  advance  copy  of  •'  Willesden's  " 
letter.  If  he  will  read  either  your  leader  or  the  article  again, 
he  will  see  how  the  man  in  charge  finds  work  and  wages  to 
last  him  more  than  1 2  months  ;  at  that  particular  place  it 
has  lasted  over  five  years,  and  is  still  increasing — i.e.,  general 
work  in  the  district.  Regarding  the  costs  at  Caldy  coming 
out  at  £45  odd  total,  if  he  will  read  the  article  he  will 
observe  that  it  is  stated  distinctly  that  such  a  station  cannot 
find  a  decent  wage  for  a  maio,  but  other  duties  do,  and  this 
plant  runs  three  days  a  week  only.  The  figure  of  l*8d.  per 
unit  is  not  the  total  cost  including  all  capital  costs,  but 
including  all  mainimancc  costs,  and  I  regret  that  the  error 
slipped  in. 

Those  elementary  matters  against  which  I  have  uttered 
warnings,  are  matters  which  have,  in  my  experience,  caused 
the  failure  of  many  such  schemes.  The  lines  which  I  recom- 
mend are  those  which  have  proved  successful,  and  of  this  I 
have  first-hand  knowledge,  carefully  filed  and  tabulated,  and 
am  able  to  prove  every  statement.  When  "  Willesden  "  can 
become  courteous,  I  will  discuss  the  matter  with  him. 

W.  T.  Wardale. 


I  have  read  with  great  interest  the  article  by  your  corres- 
pondent dealing  with  village  lighting  schemes,  and  I  would 
like  to  mention  that  there  are  in  Ireland  several  quite  small 
village  schemes  which  are  working  successfully.  I  myself 
carried  out  recently  what  I  think  is  really  the  smallest  public 
lighting  scheme  in  the  United  Kingdom.  This  was  the 
lighting  of  a  village  in  Co.  Fermanagh,  having  a  population 
of  only  2.">0.  At  one  end  of  the  main  street  there  was  a 
disused  corn  mill  with  a  plentiful  supply  of  water  and  a  good 
fall.  I  pointed  out  its  advantages  as  a  potential  generating 
station  to  some  of  the  principal  residents,  who  immediately 
took  the  matter  up  and  formed  a  company. 

The  total  output  of  the  plant  is  G  kav.,  and  it  consists 
simply  of  a  IO-b.h.p.  turbine  driving  a  Xewton  dynamo,  the 
tutbinie   being    fitted   with   a  g'oVern'or  ;    no   attfendatit    is 


required.  The  turbine  in  started  up  half  an  hour  before 
lignting  time,  and  left  running  all  night.  In  order  to 
reduce  noise  to  a  minimum  the  drive  from  the  vertical  shaft 
of  the  turbine  to  the  dynamo  shaft  is  worked  with  a  quart<?r 
twist  belt  ;  this  also  hud  the  advantage  of  keeping  down 
initial  expense,  whiih  is  the  main  feature  in  schemes  in 
this  country.  Current  is  suiiplicd  iiy  meter  at  Od.  \*-t  unit. 
The  plant  has  been  working  now  for  nearly  12  months,  and 
has  certainly  paid  its  way  handsomely. 

J.  S.  Loiit;linan. 


The  Kcgrulation  of  Street  Tranic. 

A  policeman  has  been  killed  by  a  motor-'bus  at  Ludgato 
(h'rcus.  Research  into  London  history  toaches  us  that  the 
last  accident  to  a  policeman  at  Ludgate  Circus  took  plac«; 
after  the  Battle  of  Parliament  Hill,  and  was  caused  by  the 
scythe  on  <^ueen  Boadicea's  chariot,  which  formed  a  part  of 
the  procession  of  the  Roman  Army  when  returning  victorious 
from  that  bloody  fight. 

I  may  point  out  that  Ludgate  Circus  was  then  no  circus, 
but  was  laid  out  as  such  after  that  accident  in  order  to 
render  unnecessary  the  presence  of  a  traffic  controller. 
The  circus  dropped  into  desuetude  on  the  introduction  of 
four-wheeled  vehicles.  These  had  no  lock  or  swivel,  and 
were  thus  unsuitable  for  a  circus.  Having  dropped  out  of 
use,  although  the  reason  has  disappeared,  yet  cur  authorities, 
having  no  reason,  cannot  resuscitate  the  circus,  but  prefer  to 
kill  policemen.  If,  however,  a  semaphore  signal  is  necessary, 
need  it  be  a  living  one  ? 

Some  years  ago  a  man  named  Faraday  invented  elec- 
tricity. By  means  of  this  agent  a  man  placed,  say,  1 2  ft. 
above  the  middle  of  a  street,  say,  at  the  foot  of  Ludgate  Hill, 
could  by  means  of  press  buttons  direct  the  traffic  by  means 
of  a  wooden  semaphore.  To  please  our  conservative 
authorities,  it  might  be  painted  and  shaped  to  resemble  a 
policeman,  and  thus  serve  to  secure,  at  once,  safety  and 
beauty,  and  harmonise  with  the  conservative  mind  of  unduly 
constituted  authority.  As  you.  Sir,  know  something  about 
electricity,  perhaps  you  would  be  so  good  as  to  aajuaint 
Scotland  ^'ard  with  the  properties  and  powers  of  that  sub- 
stance, so  that,  before  the  sun  grows  cold  and  the  ice  age  is 
again  upon  us,  and  TiUdgate  Hill  becomes  a  glacier  down 
which  police-destroying  vans  will  skid  violently  like  <  f adarene 
swine,  that  noble  institution  may  awaken  to  the  fact  that  we 
have  moved  since  Thorneycroft's  models  passed  so  violently 
off  the  stage. 

B. 


British  Laboratories  for  Electrical  Goods. 

The  very  interesting  and  valuable  report  to  the  B.O.T. 
by  Mr.  C.  Hamilton  Wickes — published  in  your  issue  of 
January  3rd — should  not  be  allowed  to  pass  into  oblivion, 
hence  my  few  comments  thereon.  I  had  expected  abler 
writers  to  take  the  matter  up. 

Consider  the  case  broadly  :  In  the  U.S.A.  and  Canada 
where  these  regulations  are  in  force,  there  is  an  English- 
speaking  population  two  and  a-half  times  that  of  Britain, 
and  their  purchasing  power  of  electrical  commodities  is  at 
least  proportionately  large. 

The  underwriters'  capital  is  to  a  very  large  extent  British, 
but  the  technical  staff  which  drafts  the  regulations,  and 
which  adjudicates  on  the  merits  of  appliances  submitted,  is 
entirely  American,  and  this  staff  can  impose  its  veto  on 
British-made  goods  destined  for  Canada. 

Now,  if  U.S.  officials  will  impose  a  tariff  on  other  nations' 
goods  in  order  to  favour  native  manufacturers,  it  is  a  fair 
presumption  that  they  will  have  a  tendency  to  utilise  their 
inspectorial  veto  to  secure  the  same  result.  This  is  scarcely 
a  fair  or  satisfactory  position  to  Ikitishers,  as  we  impose 
neither  tariff  nor  veto  on  their  goods  which  are  imjxjrted 
here. 

Really,  in  equity,  we  should  have  a  similar  testing  labora- 
tory mainly  controlled  by  the  insurance  companies  (under- 
writers) in  Britain — the  two  working  under  identicail  rules, 
and  the  certificate  of  either  being  accepted  by  the  other. 

There  appears  no  insurmountable  reason  why  we  should 
not  do  a  larger  export  trade  with  the  U.S.A.  The  ti^riffs  they 
impose  on  electrical  goods  are  heavy  (about  45  per  cent. 
ad  Valorem^,  but  the   protective  influence   of  tatiffs  is  in 


130 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.73.  No.  i.sss.jancauy  24,  i9in. 


gaieral  a  diminishiug  influence,  and  45  per  cent,  tariff  does  not 
mean  anything  like  a  Jri  per  cent,  handicap  nmr.  Speaking 
broadly,  since  that  15  j^er  cent,  duty  was  imposed,  American 
manufacturing  costs  have  been  rising  steadily  in  a  greater 
ratio  than  our  own  ap  a  resultjiartlyof  the  tariff,  until  pt>rhaps 
to-day  the  liaudica])  against  us  is  very  small  comparatively, 
and  unless  the  tariffs  arc  again  raised  against  us  there  is 
approaching  a  time  when  we  will  be  able  tt)  send  manu- 
factured goods  there  (juite  as  freely  as  they  now  send  here. 

This  is  my  reason  for  regarding  the  present  as  an  oppor- 
tune time  for  establishing  a  testing  and  certifying  laboratory 
in  this  coimtry. 

I  think  Mr.  AVickes  is  in  error  in  stating  that  each  indi- 
\  idnal  article  must  bear  the  stamp  or  label  of  the  U.Ii.C.  A 
moment  s  reflection  must  reveal  its  impracticability.  Nor 
<-r)uld  each  article  Ik;  tested. 

Fancy,  say,  arc  lamps  made  in  New  Jersey  and  wanted 
in  Boston.  Must  they  all  go  to  the  Chicago  ]>aboratory  for 
test  and  label  and  travel  an  e.xtra  1,G00  miles  in  so  doing  '; 
Ap])ly  the  same  idea  to  heavy  machinery. 

No.  y\  hat  probably  liajipcns  (or  is  intended  to  hapj)en 
as  the  rules  have  not  yet  obtained  full  sway)  is  that  one 
apj)liance  of  a  type  is  submitted  for  test  and,  if  approved,  is 
advertised  in  Bome  recognised  gazette  or  journal.  The 
writer  has  very  recently  bought  appliances — American  made 
— and  used  them  in  a  building  in  the  States  undei'  close  fire 
inspection,  and  they  were  not  labelled  or  marked,  nor  was 
any  mark  obvious  on  hundreds  of  other  appliances  in  use 
there.  There  were,  however,  notices  in  some  cases  which 
lead  "  passed  by   the   underwriters." 

A  testing  authority  in  this  country  should  be  mainly 
under  the  control  of  insurance  companies,  so  far  as  fire  risk 
is  concerned,  and  Eup[)orted  partly  by  manufacturing  sub- 
HcrilierB  and  others  interested  and  by  fees  for  testing  and 
certifying  as  in  the  U.S.A. 

As  the  insurance  companies  have  evidently  found  the 
system  of  value  in  the  States,  they  would  doubtless  find  it  an 
advantage  here  also. 

The  problem  is — how  to  induce  them  to  make  a  start 
liere. 

John  Diigdill. 

VA\h\\o\t\\,  Jdiivarij  -JOf/i,  191;^. 


Electrical  Trade  in  China. 

I  read  your  leading  article,  re  China,  and  Mr.  AVilliains's 
contribution  in  your  edition  of  November  8th  with  consider- 
iible  interest,  but  speaking  Avith  some  e.\}>erieuce  of  the  elec- 
trical trade  in  Cliina,  J  cannot  do  otherwise  than  feel  that 
both  your  goodselves  and  Mr.  Williams  leave  out  two  a  ery 
eEsential  features  in  your  pa'ans  of  enthusiasm  for  the  China 
trade. 

Of  course,  the  trade  will  come  and  you  know  from  our 
many  conversations  that  it  would  be  liard  to  find  anyone 
with  a  more  firm  belief  in  the  future  of  the  electrical  trade 
in  China  than  myself. 

The  two  greatest  difficulties  to  b^  contended  with  arc, 
first,  finance,  and  secondly,  (Jerman  com])etition. 

In  dealing  with  the  (juestion  of  finance,  it  is  necessary  to 
realise  that  if  a  firm  is  fortunate  enough  to  secure  a  con- 
Iract,  it  requires  a  plentiful  Hup])ly  of  casli  to  carry  it 
through. 

The  l)cst  terms  it  isjjossiltlc  to  secure  from  Home  manu- 
facturers are  for  them  to  draw  on  the  firm  in  China  at  so 
niRny  days'  sight,  but  in  many  cases  cash  against  documents 
in  London  is  insisted  upon.  Now  on  these  terms  you  will 
hfe  thai  in  the  former  case  the  importer  in  China  does  not  liave 
U)  pay  for  his  goods  until  they  arrive  or  at  some  time  dui'ing 
the  usance  of  the  manufacturer's  bill.  This  means  that 
the  goods  are  financed  for  the  voyage  out,  for  which  interest 
at  t;  per  cent,  is  charged. 

The  latter  system  of  payment  in  liondon.  is  very  hard 
indeed  on  the  importer,  as  he  is  then  out  of  his  money  for 
about  Cfi  days  longer  than  he  otherwise  would  be.  while  it 
saves  only  the  (I  jier  ccul.  on  the  sight  draft,  so  you  will 
appreciate  that  if  there  is  much  cargo  afloat  being  paid  for 
in  this  juanner,  it  is  apt  to  leave  the  importer  in  China 
with  his  ctipital  tied  up. 

Th<  terms  of  payment  obtainable  from  the  Chinese  have 
become  Very  stringent,  and  the  period  required  by  them  so 


long,  that  it  is  very  difficult  for  a  firm  with  a  moderate 
capital  to  accept  contracts  at  all. 

The  reason  for  these  long  credits  it  is  more  or  less  easy  to 
find,  and  one  need  not  look  outside  the  offices  of  tlie  huge 
Continental  manufacturers  in  this  country,  who  have  found 
that  the  only  way  to  beat  down  (•omi)etition  is  to  give  such 
credit  as  no  agent  could  possibly  grant. 

The  wealthy  Continental  tiusts,  as  they  really  arc,  being 
al)le  to  sell  complete  installations  without  going  outside  their 
group  for  any  material  whatevei",  are,  of  course,  able  to  out- 
bid our  British  manufacturers  of  whom  not  one  is 
CJipable  of  supplying  from  his  whole  works  everything  that 
is  necessary  for  a  plant,  and  besides  this,  a  nicely  ])ro- 
tected  home  market  is  reserxcd  for  them, and  a  brisk  healthy 
market  is  presented  to  them  for  nothing  in  our  own  island, 
so  that  there  is  a  very  large  playground  for  our  Continental 
friends  to  enjoy.  Our  own  manufacturers,  who  are  too 
numerous,  have  to  fight  for  their  own  market,  and,  sj^eaking 
electrically,  are,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  such  as  the 
great  cable  companies  and  a  large  Lancashire  house,  hard  up 
and  have  no  money  for  pushing  and  creating  a  practically 
new  market ;  a  glance  through  the  electrical  share  quotations 
in  your  own  journal  clearly  indicates  the  state  of  the  elec- 
trical manufacturing  concerns  in  Great  Britain. 

Now,  as  to  the  competition,  I ,  have  culled  from  the 
OJfiritil  G'/zfJIt'  of  the  Shanghai  municipality  the  last  three 
examples  :  In  May  last,  IC  (lO-B  n.v.  three-phase  motors 
were  purchased  ;  the  results  were — British,  £750,  MiiSl^, 
£(;:^3  ;  German,  A.E.G.,  £578  :  Siemens,  £4tl2. 

The  next  tender  was  called  for  in  September  for  1 8  motors. 
British  prices  were— £1,133,  £1,106,  £038;  American, 
£1,0S3;  German,  A.E.G.,  £!)()(;:  Siemens,  £7!»0.  In 
October  tenders  for  13  motors  brought  out  the  following  : 
British,  £1,383,  £1,345,  £1,327,  £1,218,  £1,232  ;  Ameri- 
can, £1,320;  German,  A.E.G.,i£l,0',i7  ;  Siemens,  £1,047. 
These  figures  will  give  you  a  good  idea  as  to  the  competi- 
tion to  be  faced  by  British  manufacturers  in  China. 

Why  our  British  prices  are  so  high,  I  do  not  know, 
unless  they  are  due  to  the  comjietition  in  our  own  country, 
the  number  of  small  companies  which  each  have  their 
directors,  offices,  staff,  &c.,  and  which  could  be  run  somucJi 
cQieaper  if  they  were  amalgamated. 

Besides  the  difficulties  J  have  already  outlined.,  it  is  a 
cruel  blow  to  we  British  representatives  when  our  own 
(ioverninent  give  our  strongest  competitors  their  patronage. 
It  is  not  difficult  to  imagine  the  advertisement  which  will  no 
doubt  be  used  to  the  fullest  extent  by  our  German  friendB, 
by  their  being  able  to  say  that  even  the  British  Government 
gives  us  work,  so  our  mateiial  must  be  better  than  that 
made  in  their  own  country. 

Edgcuuibe  Brighten. 

Shanghai,  Jjercmbcr  27/A,  rJ12. 


Small  Power  Instnllnlioiis. 

I\Iay  ]  suggest  that  it  would  be  eminently  interesting  to 
station  engineers  and  other  power  users  to  hear  representative 
views  on  the  I'cspective  merits  of  the  Marshall  economic 
steam  power  plant,  as  compared  with  those  of  suction  gas 
and  oil,  for  small  power  units  'r 

Station  Engineer. 


Siemens  Kiile  Club  Dance. — Although  a  comjjaratively 

new  institution,  the  Siemens  Dalston  Rifle  Club,  is  thoroughly 
appreciated  by  both  male  and  female  members  of  the  staff.  In  con- 
nection with  this  club  a  dance  and  social  was  held  on  Friday 
evening  a^.  Northampton  House,  Hijrhbury,  which  was  specially 
onpapred  for  the  ])urpote,  and  a  party  of  between  100  and  160 
thoroughly  enjoyed  their  first  eocial  gathering-  under  the  ausp'ces 
of  the  shooting  men.  The  dancing  hall,  refreshment  room  and 
card  room  were  illuminated  with  "  Wotan  "'  lamps  in  Holophanc 
reilpi.torp.  A  set  of  1^  dances  figured  on  the  programme,  with  four 
extras.  The  proceedings  commenced  at  7  o'clock  and  finished 
shortly  after  midnight— the  whole  of  the  time  being  well  occupied. 
In  the  social  section  of  the  entertainment,  Messrs.  A.  and  B. 
McFarlane,  Hick?,  Bardell  and  Higgins  all  contributed  interesting 
itejni.  Mr.  H;iyden  (the  secretary  of  the  club)  acted  as  M.C.  Tii» 
"sighting  nhot  "  vrft?  rentrioted  to  members  of  the  D  ilston  staflf. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8:tf.,.iAN.TAUY2i,  ioi:t.]     THE    ELBCTEICAL    ftEVmW. 


181 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT, 

Ncn  (iik'iiluiing  Devico. 

Wo  have  rpcoived  from  Mil.  II.  \V.  Hhown,  of  K!!),  Cathail  [load, 
Ijeytonatone.  N.E.,  a  novel  device  for  oaloiilatintr  the  uombined 
resistance  of  two  or  mure  Hhunt  circuits,  which  we  illuHlrato  bere- 
wfith.  The  mode  of  operation  is  as  followH  : — Take  ax  an  example 
two  circuits,  one  of  7."i  watts  and  tho  other  of  2n  watts.  The 
thread  hantcio);  from  .\  would  he  KtretcUed  across  to  r.'")  on  the 
rifrht-hand  side  of  tho  suale,  and  that  from  u  to  20  on  the  left-hand 

Ordiniiloii  rpppcwr*, 
-  cnmhlnod  roBisLance  o(  A  arxi  B  tfcu:io  in  p.irallcl 


HtandinK  in  iron  iriiwiiilii';tiiriii(,',  and  it  is  a  iiittll<:r  fur  'KiiKratulu 
tion  that  its  itxtendt^d  knowli-ilyo  of  cookinjf  and  hi-atinir  apparatim 
in  now  Ixiini;  appliccl  with  a  view  to  fiirthprinir  thw  latest  di-velop- 
ment  in  connection  with  such  apparatiif.  vi/  Klwctric  cot^kini; 
and  heating. 

While  Hpacc  does  not  permit  us  to  deal  at  len;^th  with  the  tirm  " 
electrical  productions,  we  illnHtrat^  one  or  two  typi';al  piec<;-i  of 
apparatus  produced  l>y  it.  Thus  fi((.  2  is  an  electric  ranije,  <»n- 
HJHtiiiK  of  an  ovi-n  with  a  irrill,  hot  ulosef,  two  circular  b<.)ilin(f 
plates  and  a  warmin^'•  plate  niountwl  over  it.  The  oven  and  hot, 
closet  are  white  porceliiin  enuniellcd  inside,  and  the  former  is  fittwl 
with  removable  hamreri*  and  i;rid  shelvcit  and  provided  with  an 
inspection  window  in  the  door  to  enable  tho  proirreHH  of  the 
cookinj;   to   be  watched.      The  cookinif   temperature  can  also  be 


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Fifi.  1. — Df.vice  for  Calcdlatin'g  the  Joint  Resistance  of 
Two  Circuits  in  Parallel. 


Fi';.  3.— Elei'tbic  Urn. 


side.  Where  these  two  threads  cross,  the  combined  resistance  of  the 
two  circuits  can  be  read  off  by  means  of  the  horizontal  lines.  It 
will  be  seen  that  the  range  of  the  device  can  be  extended,  and  that 
the  percentage  of  current  in  each  circuit  could  be  read  off  by  means 
of  the  vertical  lines. 

It  is  easy  to  see  how  the  device  is  constructed  ;  the  theory  of -its 
operation  may  afford  an  interesting  problem  for  readers  who  are 
not  mathematicians— the  latter  will  see  it  at  a  glance. 

Carron  Cooking  and  Heating  Appliances. 

The  Carron  Co.,  of  Carron,  Stirlingshire,  have  recently  issued  a 
well-illustrated  booklet  dealing  with  their  electrical  cooking  and 
heating  appliances,  consisting  of  cooking  ranges,  grillers,  hotplates. 


ascertained  without  opening  the  door  by  mean.-  of  a  thermometer 
provided,  and  the  heating  elements  can  easily  be  replaced  '/'  ■<>f". 
The  oven  is  rated  at  3,000  watts,  the  grill  at  1,300  watts,  and  each 
boiling  plate  at  800  watts. 

The  company  also  makes  a  more  expensive  combination  cooking 
range,  consisting  of  an  oven — with  a  full-sized  inner  glass  oven 
door,  to  allow  of  inspection  while  cooking,  without  beat  loss— and 
beside  it  a  double  grill  and  toaster  with  a  hot  closet  beneath,  while 


Fig.  2, — Carron  Electric  Cooking  Range. 


Bteaming  ovens,  urns,  and  a  variety  of  designs  of  luminous  radiators 
and  "convectors.     The.. company  has  a  reputation  of  over  ISO  year;' 


Fk;.  4.— Carron  Thbee-IjAmp  Radiaicr. 


on  the  top  of  the  range  are  hot-plates  for  boiling,  &c.  Three  heats 
are  provided,  and,  in  connection  w-ith  the  switches,  two  plugs  and 
sockets  for  connecting  to  the  main  cable. 

We  further  illu.?trate  in  fig.  3  a  brass  and  copper  urn.  electrically 
heated,  and  suitable  for  restaurant  use.  This  is  claimed  to  boil 
2  gals,  of  water  in  22  min.,  the  minimum  heat  being  obtained  on 
1.500  watts  and  the  maximum  on  3,00i>  watts.  The  company  has  a 
number  of  registered  radiator  designs  in  cast-iron,  brass  or  copper, 
one  of  which,  built  in  black,  copper  or  brass  finish  and  for  two, 
three  or  four  lamps,  we  illustrate  in  fig.  -1. 

In  the  case  of  the  convector  heaters,  built  for  any  number  of 
heating  elements  up  to  six,  the  latter  arc  guaranteed  for  two  years. 

A  Single-Pliasp  Prepayment  ^Viilt-Hoiir  Meier. 

The  British  TnoiisoN-HorsTON  Co..  of  Rugby,  are  introducing 
an  A.a  prepayment  watt-hour  meter,  which  is  claimed  to  represent 
a  distinct  advance  in  the  design  of  watt-hour  jneteiB  of  the 
induction  type.  It  is  manufactured  in  the  3  and  5-ampere  sizes  for 
sny  voltage  required,  and  so  that  the  rste  of  payment  can  be  easily 


182 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.      [Voi.  ts.  No.  i.sss,  jaudabi  s*,  wis. 


changed  without  reo»libratirg  the  instrament  or  taking  the  dial  to 
pieces. 

^  The  mecbaniBm  and  the  meter  element  are  mounted  in  a  oaet- 
iron  case  and  are  protected  by  a  dust-proof  cover,  and  a  window  is 
fitted  in  the  latter,  throuph  which  the  dial  and  coin  indicator  may 
be  read.     The  indicator  records  the  number  of  coins  standinc:  to 


The  engine  i«  a  28-u.f.  iiomiual  four-isylinder  motor,  with  dual 
magneto  icrnltion  and  centdfugral  gorernor.  which  ocntroli  the 
speed  from  no  load  to  full  load  within  U  per  cent,  variation. 

The  engine  is  coupled  to  a  Siemens  compound-wound  dynamo, 
producing  current  at  110  volte. 

The  plant  is  self-contained,  with  its  own  radiator  ;  this  is  in 
order  that  it  will  not  be  necessary  in  emergency  to  have  to  suck 


Fig.  5.— The  B.T.H.  Prepayment  Metek. 


the  credit  of  the  consumer  and  the  meter  dial  reg-isters  the  total 
number  of  units  consumed.  The  prepayment  mechanism  consists 
of  a  main  control  switch  of  the  sinple-pole,  quick-break,  knife- 
blade  type,  which  is  closed  mechanically  when  a  coin  is  paid 
into  the  meter.  This  switch  is  held  closed  so  long  as  there 
is  any  current  remaining  to  the  credit  of  the  consumer,  but 
opens  automatically  when  the  coin  indicator  reiches  zero.  The 
coin  box  is  capable  of  containinpr  120  pennies  and  can  easily  be 


Fig.  7.— Brooke  Emerge.ncy  Ship-Lighting  Set. 


water  from  the  sea  level,  which,  of  course,   is  often,   in  big  ships, 
below  the  limit  of  suction  distance. 

The  engine  is  arran^red  to  run  on  petrol,  as  it  is  very  preferable 
to  paraffin,  owing  to  the  greater  handiness  and  more  rapid  starting 
up  and  greater  reliability. 

The  "Globus"  Lamp. 

A  new  pattern  of  glow  lamp  has  been  introduced  by  the 
"Globus"  BELEUCHrrNG-  osd  Heiztngb-Industrie  G.m.b.H., 
of  Fontane  Promenade  No.  14,  Berlin  S.  ,50.  It  is  intended 
especially  for  signs  and  illuminations,  and  is  illustrated  in  fig.  '  ; 
it  is  made  for  1 4  volts,  so  that  on  1 1 0  volts  eight  lamps  can  be  run 
in  series,  and  is  rated  at  1  watt  per  candle,  although  the  filament 
is  of  carbon,  the  light  being  concentrated  along  the  axis  of  the 
lamp  as  shown  in  fig.  ;<.  This  effect  is  not  obtained  by  silvering 
the  back  of  the  bulb,  but  by  the  special  form  of  the  bulb  and  the 
central  collector,  so  that  a  2-c.r.  lamp  is  made  to  give  8  c.p.  along 


Fig.  8. — The  "Globus, 
Sign  Lamp. 


Fig.  0. — Illumination  Cuuve 
OF  "Globus"'  Lamp. 


Fig.  6.— BT.n.  Prepayment  Meter,  Open. 


the  axis  in  a  conical  pencil  of  light.  The  figure  shows  (.dotted)  the 
ordinary  shape  of  the  illumination  curve,  as  well  as  the  special  shape 
of  the  curve  of  the  "Globus''  lamp,  whence  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
usual  type  of  incandescent  lamp  is  ill  adapted  for  end-on  illumina- 
tion. Carbon  filaments  are  used  because,  unlike  metallic  filaments, 
they  do  not  take  an  excessive  rush  of  current  at  the  moment  of 
switching  on,  and  it  is  claimed  that  in  the  case  of  flashing  signs 
this  enables  the  carbon  filament  to  be  as  economical  as  the  tungsten. 
The  form  of  the  bulb,  it  is  said,  renders  it  almost  unbreakable. 


emptied  by  withdrawing  the  till,  which  is  secured  either  by  a  seal 
or  padlock,  as  desired.  A  separate  cover  protects  the  terminal  box, 
enabling  this  portion  to  be  sealed  independently  of  the  other  parts 
of  the  meter. 

In  operating  the  meter,  the  coin  handle  is  turned  to  the  right, 
the  coin  inserted,  and  the  handle  turned  back  again  ;  this  closes  the 
switch  and  the  coin  indicator  advances  one  division,  and  so  on  for 
each  coin  inserted,  while  the  indicator  travels  back  towards  zero  as 
current  is  consumed,  the  switch  opening  when  zero  is  reached. 

Brooke  Emergency  Shlp-LigJilIng  Set. 

Our  illustration,  fig.  7,  shows  a  20-KW.  generating  set  by 
Messrs.  J.  W.  Brooke  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Lowestoft,  supplied  for 
emergency  ship  lighting  and  deck  lighting  on  board  a  new  veBsel 
Wng  Irntlt  fm  the  UitIoti  BtwmirMp  Ca.n  trf  New  TSfBltm^. 


New  G.E.C.  Ironclad  Keversing  Switclios. 

For  the  control  of  small  motors,  particularly  such  as  are  used 
in  connection  with  portable  tools,  the  General  Electric  Co., 
Ltd.,  have  recently  devised  appropriate  switchgear  which  is  an 
improvement  over  that  now  in  use.  The  new  "push-on"'  and 
"push-off"  switch  is  specially  recommended  for  attaching  to 
portable  electric  tools,  and  the  like,  where  a  quick  make-and-break 
action  is  required.  The  cont.icts  of  this  switch  are  massive,  and 
supported  on  ebonite  insulation  ;  they  are  run  on  small  wheels 
which  reduce  friction  to  a  minimum  and  thus  give  a  free-and-easy 
action  to  the  "  on  "  or  "off  "  movement.  The  case  is  of  aluminium. 
This  switch  is  suitable  for  any  current  up  to  8  amperes,  110  volts. 
The  dimensions  (overall)  are  7J  in.  x  .SJ  in.  x  2  J  in.  The  small  drum 
tvpe  reversing  switch  (illustrated  in  fig.  10)  has  also  been  designed  by 
the  company  eepeoially  for  ub«  with  Witfcon-Kramer  tools.  This 
^!Wh  is  twnstnittfed   with  a  portaMe  huTrtll* ;    its  glssAs  are 


Vol.  72.   No.  i.88r,,  janoauv  24, 1U13.]     THK    ELECTRICAL    KLVIIOW. 


13:; 


irranifod  to  Horvo  an  olViuicnt  cord  fifripii  to  hold  dccuroly  the 
indicator  cablcH.  The  fln((orH  are  ronowoblo,  Tho  revolvinir  drum 
in  of  oant-iron,  and  the  ontiro  Bwitoh  ie  rainproof  ;    it  in  Huitablu 


Fi(i.  10.— G.E.C.  DnuM-TvpE  Reversixi;  Switch. 


'or  any   motor   up   to   2   h.p.  at   240   volts.      Its  dimensions  are 
ij  in.  X  8]  in,  X  51  in. 


"Trlcity"  Ship  Heaters. 

The  British  Electric  Tkansfokmer  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Hayee, 
ire  introducing:  a  type  of  non-luminous  low-temperature  heater, 
akingf  very  small  power,  for  ship  heatinpr. 


Fig.  11.— Bulkhead  Type  "Tricity"  Meter. 


The  heater  unit  consists  of  a  strong,  heavily  webbed,  cast-iron 
rrid,  containing  the  Berry  patent  element,  giving  an  effective 
leating  surface  of  about  4  i  sq.  ft.     This  grid   breaks   up   the   air 


W^' 

■-i.^. 

^ 

(,''k 

O 

4- 
A. 

L...., 

■"■•' ' 

Fig.  13. — Pedestal 
Heatbb, 


]>articluH  to  t(ivo  the  bent  hnntint;  of  the  air  by  convection.  The  if ridn 
attain  a  temperature  of  alwut  ftOO*  F.  in  \r>  U)  20  minotcit,  with  n 
conMuniption  cf  2r)0  wiittn,  which  in  the  wattage  connumptioii  of  a 
Kiii)(lu  lamp  uf  a  foiir-li|;lit  luminouH  ra<liat<jr  and  the  apparatan  it 
covered  by  an  ornanictitul  covr  or  tfuurd.  to  form  the  funnel  for 
the  heated  air.  Th<t  hi.-alcrH  an;  ma<lo  for  all  Htandrrd  voltatjeii 
from  100  to  2.''.ii,  and  i.'fin  be  mipplicd,  an  illuntratod,  cither  bulkh<-a<l 
pedestal  or  multiple-unit  pattern,  and  Huitable  for  any  form  of 
wiring. 

When  it  in  desired  to  uho  them  in  Baloons,  they  can  be  inntalled  in 
groups  under  settees,  a  special  "settee  "  type  TfiO-watt  heat«r  being 
supplied,  with  an  overall  height  of  only  8  in. 


LEGAL. 


Ellis  -.  The  O.'^kam  Lamp  Works,  Ltd. 

By  this  action,  which  was  tried  by  Mr.  Justice  Neville  in  the 
Chancery  Division  last  week,  the  plaintiff,  as  lessee  of  Poplar  flonse, 
Hammersmith,  claimed  an  injunction  and  damages  in  respect  of  an 
alleged  nuisance  of  noise,  smell,  and  vibration  causwi  by  the 
defendants'  works,  which  were  adjacent. 

From  the  opening  statement  of  Mr.  Cavenagh,  who  appeared 
for  the  plaintiffs,  it  appeared  that  negotiations  for  a  tenancy  of  the 
house  were  entered  into  in  1908  with  the  Robertson  Electric  Lamp 
Co.,  who  were  the  then  owners,  and  who  were  also  the  predecessors 
in  title  of  the  defendant  company.  The  rent  was  to  be  a  weekly 
one,  increasing  from  year  to  year  for  three  years  ;  but  subsequently 
an  arrangement  was  come  to  for  a  fixed  weekly  rent  on  a  three 
years'  agreement.  Bad  smells  emanated  from  the  defendants' 
works,  accompanied  by  loud  explosions,  which  had  recently  become 
so  bad  that  the  plaintiff  had  had  to  vacate  the  premises,  and  damages 
were  claimed  in  respect  of  both  that  and  also  in  respect  of  damage 
alleged  to  have  been  done  to  some  outbuildings  used  for  storing 
theatrical  scenery. 

Evidence  was  called  in  support  of  the  plaintiff's  case,  and  Mr. 
Jenkin,  K.C,  for  the  defence,  contended  that,  on  the  true  construc- 
tion of  the  agreement,  the  tenancy  was  merely  a  weekly  one,  and. 
further,  that  there  had  been  no  appreciable  nuisance. 

Evidence  was  called  for  the  defence  to  prove  that,  though  some 
nuisance  did  exist  in  the  years  1908  and  1909,  new  plant  was 
installed,  and  since  1910  any  nuisance  that  there  might  have  been 
had  ceased  to  exist. 

His  Lordship,  in  giving  judgment,  said  that  the  conclusion  he 
came  to  upon  the  evidence  was  that  there  was  no  such  nuisance  as 
to  render  the  plaintiff's  house  uninhabitable,  and  as  it  was  upon  that 
the  case  for  damages  was  principally  based,  the  action  must  fail. 
There  appeared,  however,  to  be  some  damage  in  respect  of  the  out- 
buildings, but  it  was  small,  and  he  would  estimate  it  at  £7.  The 
costs  of  the  action  would  be  the  defendants',  but  a  counterclaim 
raised  by  them  would  be  dismissed  without  costs. 


Graetzin  Lajip  Agkncy, 


Fig.  12.— Multiple  Unit  Hbatek. 


Mk.  Justice  Scrdttox  was  occupied  during  January  1.5th,  16th 
17th  and  20th  in  the  Commercial  Court  of  King's  Bench,  in  hearing 
an  action  brought  by  Mr.  Bernard  Braunstein,  trading  as  Jaques. 
Braunstein  &  Co.,  of  Carthusian  Street,  E.C.,  against  Mr.  Max 
Graetz,  trading  in  Berlin  as  Ehric  &  Gr<ietz,  manufacturers  of 
electric  appliances,  to  recover  damages  for  breach  of  agreemQnt  of 
agency  for  the  sale  in  this  country  of  the  defendant's  electric 
lamps. 

Mr.  Duke,  K.C,  appearing  for  the  plaintiff,  said,  in  the  course 
of  his  opening  address,  that  the  plaintiff  was  a  gentleman  who  had 
been  engaged  for  many  years  in  London  in  the  sale  of  gas  fittings 
and  fittings  for  electric  lighting.  The  defendant  was  a  manu- 
facturer of  electric  light  fittings  in  Germany,  and  he  entered  into 
an  agreement  with  the  plaintiff,  under  which  he  (plaintiff)  was  to 
have  the  exclusive  agency  for  the  sale  of  the  defendant's  goods  in 
this  country  for  a  period  of  years.  It  was  for  a  breach  of  that 
agreement  that  the  plaintiff  claimed  damages.  What  had 
happened  was  that  the  defendant  had  himself  set  up  in  business  in 
this  country  by  forming  a  limited  company  to  carry  on  the  business, 
of  which  the  plaintiff  was  to  have  the  sole  agency.  At  the 
beginning  of  1907  an  agreement  was  entered  into,  under  which 
plaintiff  for  a  period  of  six  years  was  to  have  the  exclusive  agency 
for  the  sale  of  the  defendant's  electric  lamps.  The  business  was 
successful  and  a  large  trade  was  done.  la  Djsamber,  190S.  the 
defendant,  who  had  become  patentee  of  a  new  metal-filament  lamp 
called  the  Graetzin  lamp,  approached  the  plaintiff  with  a  view  to 
his  taking  up  the  agency  for  the  sale  of  that  lamp.  An  agreement 
was  entered  into  under  which,  if  the  plaintiff  was  able  to  sell  in 
this  country  £5,000  worth  of  the  Graetzin  lamps  within  a  year 
from  the  time  he  received  the  final  samples,  he  should  have  the 
exclusive  agency  for  two  yesurs,  and  if  in  the  course  of  the  second 
year  he  was  able  to  make  sales  to  the  extent  of  &  10,000,  he  was  to 
have  the  exclusive  right  for  a  further  period  of  five  years.  L'nder 
the  events  which  happened  the  plaintiff  became  entitled  to  an 
exclusive  right  for  the  term  of  two  years  and  an  additional  five 
years  which  began  at  the  end  of  the  first  period.  The  first  two 
years  would  expire  in  June,  1911,  and  the  additional  five  years 
would  therefore  carry  the  agency  on  until  June,  19 U">.  The. events 
yhich  put  an  end  to  the. agencv  occurred  in  the  summer  of  las-t 


184 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,    [voi.72.  no.i,836,  jakuary24,  isis, 


year;  In  the  electric  lump  busiueits  it  was  necesjsary  to  be 
In  the  market  with  the  groods  in  the  spring  of  the 
year,  but  the  defendants  had  not  their  samples  ready 
in  time.  To  give  plaintiff  a  fair  prospect  of  doing  a  substantial 
business  in  the  following  winter,  he  ought  to  have  had  the  samples 
in  Februarr,  as  the  custom  was  to  take  the  orders  in  the  spring  and 
deliver  in  the  autumn.  Agreements  were  made  by  the  plaintiff 
with  other  firms,  but  while  they  were  given  the  right  to  sell,  they 
did  not  interfere  with  his  business.  It  was  arranged  with 
Krupka  \  Jacoby  that  they  should  take  up  an  agency,  but  their 
business  did  not  come  up  to  the  minimum,  and  subsequently  the 
defendant  arranged  with  them  that  they  should  form  an  English 
company  to  carry  on  the  whole  of  the  defendant's  business  in 
England,  including  the  business  then  being  carried  on  by  the 
plaintiff,  and  that  they  should  have  the  sole  agency  for  the  sale  of 
the  defendant's  electric  lamps.  In  August  of  last  year  the 
defendant  wrote  to  the  plaintiff  a  letter  purporting  to  cancel  the 
plaintiff's  agency,  and  informing  him  of  the  agreement  with 
Krupka  i:  Jacoby,  and  requesting  him  to  cease  taking  orders. 

Mb.  Justice  Scrdtton  said  that  as  there  was  no  jury,  he  would 
like  to  hear  what  the  defence  was  before  the  plaintiff's  witnesses 
were  called,  in  order  that  he  might  better  understand  the  bearing 
of  the  evidence. 

Mb.  Atkin,  K.C,  appearing  for  the  defendant,  said  that,  in  the 
first  place,  he  contended  that  there  had  been  no  breach  of  the  agree- 
ment, and  that  the  plaintiff  had  not  duly  performed  all  the  con- 
ditions under  the  agreement.  The  agreement  :vith  Krupka  &  Jacoby 
was  no  breach  of  the  agreement  between  the  plaintiff  and  the 
defendant,  and  the  defendant  had  always  been  ready  and  willing 
to  employ  the  plaintiff. 

Mb.  Bebnabd  Bkavxstein.  the  plaintiff,  was  then  called,  and 
gave  evidence  generally  bearing  out  his  counsel's  opening.  He 
said  that  he  had  long  acted  as  an  agent  in  this  country  for  the  sale 
of  foreign  gas  and  electric  fittings.  Until  the  end  of  1905  he  had 
Ijeen  acting  for  Spinn  Ac  Sohn,  and  had  a  considerable  connection 
amongst  the  purchasers  of  gas  and  electric  goods.  In  1 906  he  was 
introduced  to  the  defendant  firm,  and  at  that  time  he  was  doing 
business  to  the  amount  of  100,000  marks  a  year.  In  1908  he  was 
approached  by  Graetz  with  regard  to  putting  an  electric  lamp  upon 
the  market.  He  went  to  Berlin  and  entered  into  an  agreement  with 
defendant,  and  as  the  result  of  a  discussion,  he  subsequently 
negotiated  a  sub-agreement  with  the  Welsbach  Co.  for  the  sale  of 
the  lamps.  That  \^as  in  March,  I'.'IO.  The  agreement  continued 
for  two  feasons,  and  was  very  successful.  He  did  not  receive  the 
prices  and  samples  from  the  defendant  until  it  was  too  late  to 
take  advantage  of  the  season.  All  business  was  practically 
done  before  April,  and  he  did  not  get  his  prices  until  May. 
The  firms  with  which  he  dealt  complained  of  the  price  because 
Jacoby 's  were  selling  lower.  When  he  was  in  Berlin  he  had  pointed 
out  to  the  defendant  that  improvements  in  the  lamp  were 
necessary. 

Mb.  Duke  :  What  do  you  value  the  businees  at — what  have  you 
lost  by  the  breach  of  agreement .' — I  made  100,000  marks  in  the 
first  year,  and  in  the  second  year  I  made  four  times  as  much. 

Witness,  continuing,  said  that  the  sale  of  electric  lamps  was  an 
increasing  quantity,  because  they  had  been  much  improved,  and 
they  were  25  per  cent,  cheaper  than  they  were  six  years  ago.  The 
current  was  cheaper  also,  with  the  result  that,  while  gas  lighling 
was  going  down,  electric  lighting  was  going  up. 

Asked  as  to  the  increase  in  the  sale  of  the  metallic-filament  lamps, 
the  witne.-s  faid  that,  on  the  basis  of  the  contract,  he  would  have 
been  able  to  obtain  from  £3,000  to  £4,000  ay«ar. 

In  cross-examination  by  Mb  Atkix,  K.C,  for  the  defence, 
witness  said  that,  in  respect  of  the  electric  lamp  agency,  the 
agreement  stipulated  that  he  was  to  introduce  the  goods  into 
England  at  his  own  expense.  The  business  was  not  a  very  easy  one 
to  introduce  at  the  beginning,  as  others  had  possession  of  the 
market.  The  only  commission  earned  by  him  on  his  electric 
agreement  was  upon  the  Welsbach  orders.  In  1912  he  was  not 
able  to  sell,  because  he  could  not  get  the  prices  from  the  defendant. 

Re-examined  ;  He  found  from  the  invoices  that  five  times  as 
many  unstamped  lamps  were  sold  as  these  which  were  stamped, 
because  the  unstamped,  although  the  same  article,  could  be  sold  at 
n  cheaper  rate. 

This  was  the  plaintiff's  case. 

Mr.  Atkin  submitted  that  there  had  been  no  breach  of  agree- 
ment. The  plaintiff  soon  found  that  he  was  unable  to  do  much 
unless  he  could  get  the  lamp  known  on  the  market,  and  hence  he 
was  willing  to  fall  in  with  the  suggestion  of  the  defendants  to  let 
Krupka  k  Jacoby  take  up  the  business,  and  the  agreement  with  that 
firm  was  negotiated  by  plaintiff.  If  was  a  term  of  the  arrange- 
ment that  his  commission  should  be  reduced  from  3J  to  2J  per 
cent. 

Continuing  his  address  on  Jan.  llith,  Counsel  submitted  that  there 
had  been  no  breach  of  agreement,  because  the  only  arrangements 
entered  intg  were  those  with  Krupka  iV  Jacoby,  to  which  Mr. 
Braunstein  had  consented.  Messrs.  Graetz,  he  said,  were  entitled 
to  sell  goods  to  Krupka  before  the  agreement,  and  all  that  had 
happfned  was  that  thfy  had  continued  to  sell  goods  as  before. 
There  had  been  no  breach  in  relation  to  the  payment  of  commis- 
sion, as  the  plaintiff  alleged,  because  at  the  time  the  writ  was 
issued  no  commission  was  due. 

His  LoKDSHii'  said  it  occurred  to  him  as  a  possibility  that  there 
bad  not  been  a  final  repudiation  of  the  agreement,  and  that  the 
plaintiff  had  jumped  at  a  conclusion  when  he  issued  the  writ.  In 
that  case  there  might  be  another  action  arising,  to  determine  the 
position  of  the  parties.  When  the  evidence  was  over  he  would 
formally  ask  whether  it  was  desired  to  amend,  as  "  two  bites  at  a 
cherry "  in  an  action  of  this  description  sef  med  to  be  rather 
u  ndesi  -able 


Mr.  Max  Schui,t2.  general  manager  to  Ehric  A:  Graetz,  in 
Berlin,  was  called,  and  gave  evidence  as  to  the  making  of  the  con- 
tract with  Krupka  iV  Jacoby,  and  said  that  when  he  came  to  London 
to  see  them  in  1910  in  connection  with  closing  the  agreement  for 
the  contract,  the  plaintiff  complained  about  the  price  of  the  lamps 
being  too  high  for  him  to  compete  successfully  with  others.  He 
did  not  complain  of  not  having  received  price  lists.  He  (witness) 
came  over  to  this  country  again  in  January,  1912,  and  saw  Mr. 
.Jacoby  and  Mr.  Braunstein,  when  they  discussed  the  question  of  the 
cost  of  the  lamps.  Competition  was  very  severe  at  that  time  owing 
to  the  German  Incandescent  Co.  making  a  reduction  in  price.  That 
was,  he  thought,  at  the  beginning  of  1911,  and  the  English  manu- 
facturers soon  followed  by  making  reductions  also. 

In  cross-examination,  Witness  said  that  he  assisted  in  making 
agreements  with  Mr.  Braunstein  in  reference  to  gas  as  well  aa 
electric  fittings,  and  prices  were  always  discussed  when  they  met. 
The  prices  submitted  to  Krupka  &  Jacoby  were  not  the  same  as 
those  submitted  to  the  other  accepted  firms.  They  were  somewhat 
lower. 

Had  the  firm  special  prices  for  the  non-stamped  metallic-filament 
lam))3  .'—No  dilference  was  made.  The  supply  of  non-stamped 
lamps  to  England  was  smaller  than  that  of  the  stamped  lamps. 
There  was  no  difference  between  the  stamped  and  unstamped  lamps. 
Cheaper  prices  were  first  quoted  to  Krupka  A;  Jacoby  about  Novem- 
ber, 1912.  Reductions  had  been  made  to  Mr.  Braunstein  in  some 
instances. 

Witness  was  further  closely  cross-examined  as  to  the  reduction  in 
price  which  the  defendants  had  made,  and  he  would  not  deny  that 
a  reduction  of  10  per  cent,  in  the  price  of  16  to  50-c.i>.  lamps  had 
been  made  to  Lott,  Abbott  \  Co.  some  time  before  the  plaintiff  was 
informed  of  the  reduction. 

In  re-examination.  Witness  said  that  he  was  a  director  of  the 
Graetzine  Light,  Ltd.,  which  desdt  entirely  with  gas,  the  object  of 
the  company  being  to  take  over  the  British  business  in  gas  lighting 
as  carried  on  by  Messrs.  Graetz  It  was  proposed  that  the  Krupka 
and  Jacoby  Co.,  Ltd.,  should  deal  with  the  electric  lighting, 

Mii.  HoitACE  B.^bbett,  a  member  of  the  firm  of  solicitors  acting 
for  the  defendant  and  for  Krupka  &  Jacoby,  gave  evidence  of  the 
circumstances  under  which  the  agreements  with  Ehric  A;  Graetz 
were  drawn  up,  and  as  to  the  steps  taken  for  the  purpose  of  form  ; 
ing  the  two  companies. 

Mr.  Max  Gbaetz,  the  defendant,  said  he  carried  on  business  in 
Berlin  in  incandescent  lamps,  high-pressure  lamps,  and  oil  lamps 
under  the  title  of  Khric  A:  Graetz.  It  was  a  very  large  businese, 
and  he  employed  thousands  of  hands.  The  plaintiff  had  been  his 
agent  for  some  years,  and  from  time  to  time  he  came  to  Berlin  to 
discuss  business.  In  April,  1912,  there  was  a  discussion  with 
regard  to  gas  lamps,  and  witness  at  that  time  told  him  that  his 
services  as  agent  for  gas  would  not  be  continued.  Nothing  had 
been  done  to  terminate  his  agency  for  electric  lamps. 

On  the  case  being  resumed  on  Friday,  January  17th,  Mr. 
B.\RBETT,  the  solicitor,  was  recalled  for  cross-examination  by  Mb. 
Di'KE.  He  said  that  premises  were  taken  on  behalf  of  the  company 
at  26  to  36,  Chapter  Street,  Westminster,  and  it  was  there  that  the 
whole  of  the  English  business  was  to  be  done.  They  were  held  in 
trust  for  Graetz  in  the  name  6f  Jacoby.  The  premises  had  been 
reconstructed,  the  money  for  which  had  been  provided  by  Messrs. 
Ehric  &  Graetz  under  the  name  of  Krupka  4:  Jacoby. 

Mb.  Duke  :  Was  the  only  object  in  forming  the  two  companies 
in  England  to  be  wide  awake  in  case  of  any  alleged  infringement  of 
patent .'  —So  far  as  Krupka  ct  Jacoby  were  concerned,  that  was  the 
primary  object.  In  substance,  the  £5,000  capital  and  £8,000  deben*^. 
tures  in  the  company  were  to  be  held  in  trust  for  Ehric  &  Graetz, 
but  ultimately  for  the  British  Electric  Light  Co. 

Mr.  Max  Graetz,  the  defendant,  was  recalled  and  cross-examined 
by  Mr.  Duke.  He  said  that  during  the  past  six  months  he  had 
not  been  doing  more  business  than  in  former  years.  The  business 
had  not  all  been  done  through  Messrs.  Krupka  A;  Jacoby.  Mr, 
Braunstein  was  still  his  agent  for  electric  lamps  and  fittings,  and 
would  continue  in  that  position  during  the  current  year. 

Has  any  action  been  brought  against  you  for  infringement  of 
patent .' — Yes,  by  the  General  Electric  Co.  They  threatened  an 
action  against  us  by  letter. 

Did  you  send  that  letter  on  to  Mr.  Braunstein  .' — No.  That  was 
at  a  time  when  Mr.  Braunstein  had  ceased  to  answer  us.  It  wan 
after  August  6th,  1912.  The  first  threat  reached  us  in  October  or 
November  of  that  year. 

Can  you  tell  why  you  did  not  communicate   to  Mr.  Braunstein 
the  arrangement  you  were  making  with  Krupka  &  Jacoby  durinfr 
the  first  part  of  1912  ? — The  main  reason  was  that  the  profit  which 
Mr.  Braunstein  derived  from  the  gas  business  was  as  much  as  the ' 
salary  of  Krupka  A;  Jacoby. 

Is  the  salary  of  Krupka  4:  Jacoby  £1,200  a  year  each  / — It  was 
something  more  than  that-   25,000  marks. 

Continuing,  witness  said  that  the  business  done  through  Mr, 
Braunstein  had  dropped  during  recent  years,  and  in  dealing 
with  the  gas  themselves  they  were  able  to  raise  the  business  again. 
He  had  had  experience  which  told  him  that  it  was  not  wise  for 
one  company  to  deal  with  both  gas  and  electric  lighting,  and 
therefore  it  had  been  determined  to  form  two  companies. 

Mr.  O.'^car  Krupka,  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Krupka  4:  Jacoby, 
Ltd.,  gave  evidence  as  to  the  agreement  between  the  company  and 
the  defendant,  and  said  that  he  was  a  large  dealer  in  electric 
lamps. 

Mb.  Duke  ;  Has  any  action  been  brought  against  you  for  infringe- 
ment of  patents  ,'— Yes,  by  the  Osram  Lamp  Co.  The  action  was 
brought,  said  the  witneE^  against  him  personally,  as  well  aa 
against  Krupka  &  Jacoby.  Ltd.  He  did  not  consider  that  his  lamp 
was  similar  to  the  Z  lamp.     The  writ  in  the  action  was  issued  in 


Vol.72.    No.  1,886,  January  24,  191».]      THE     ELECTRICAL     REVFKW. 


185 


Novorobor  of  laiit  year.  Tho  GrftcUin  InnipB  liearinff  trndo-niurkfi 
were  Tfi  per  cent,  of  the  whole  oraount  rccpiveci. 

Du.  J.  DiNCiKK,  a  (lerman  advocate,  won  called  to  prove  the 
Oorinan  law  in  relation  to  the  termination  of  an  n^'cncy.  lie  said 
that  in  (lerman  law  an  apent  had  no  actionable  rij;ht  to  work,  but 
waH  confined  to  hiH  claim  for  commission.  The  German  law  did 
not  rocoKnine  a  8olo  apcncy.  In  view  of  Patent  diHputcB,  the 
principal  would  stop  an  agency,  because  the  Gorman  law  rejrarded 
patent  infringement  sh  a  criminal  offence,  and  the  principal  miKht 
be  subjected  to  very  heavy  damnifcu.  If  an  aucnt  turned  his  buBi- 
ness  into  a  company,  of  which  he  was  to  be  iniuinRinp  director,  the 
employe  could  not  interfere,  but  if  8ome  other  i)erBon  was  appointed 
inanaifer,  the  position  mipht  bo  different. 

On  the  case  beintj  resumed  on  Monday,  further  evidence  was 
(fiven  as  to  the  German  law  relating  to  airreements. 

Mil.  Atkin,  K.C,  addressed  the  Court  upon  the  evidence,  dealing' 
at  leu^th  with  the  terms  of  the  contract,  and  the  interpretation 
put  upon  them  by  (ierman  law  and  by  English  law.  Jn  either 
case,  he  argued,  there  had  been  no  breach.  As  to  the  damapes, 
assuminpr  that  the  contract  had  been  broken,  his  Lordship,  in 
considering  the  amount,  would  have  to  take  into  account  the  fact 
that  Mr.  Braunstein  had  admitted  that  he  could  not  (jet  the  goods 
at  a  price  which  would  suit  the  customers.  Further,  he  could  not 
forecast  the  result  of  the  patent  actions,  because  if  the  defendant's 
tfoods  were  an  infringement  of  patent,  the  sale  would  be  destroyed, 
and  the  business  taken  out  of  the  handa  of  the  defendant.  The 
agency  would  thus  come  to  an  end. 

Mu.  DuKii,  K.C,  for  the  plaintiff,  contended  that  the  agreement 
was  governed  by  the  law  of  the  place  where  it  was  carried  out, 
which  was  England.  On  the  question  of  damages,  counsel  said  that 
the  biisiness  of  the  defendant  was  a  very  valuable  one,  and  the 
suggestion  that  they  were  frightened  about  patentees  bringing 
actions  was  "  all  moonshine."  The  trade  in  electric  lighting  was 
increaeing  from  year  to  year,  and  the  privileges  purporting  to  be 
secnred  by  the  agreement  of  1908  were  increasingly  valuable. 

His  Lordship  reserved  judgment. 


the  whole  (;lectrii:al  apparatiiM,  and  therefore  part  of  a  (x»n«tru';tion. 
and  as  conntruction  brought  the  apparatus  within  the  exemiitlon, 
there  could  b(;  no  offence,  seeing  that  the  switchbox  wa«  oonstru(,-ted 
before  June,  I'Jll. 

Mi(.  Ji:.-<TICK  Kdwi.att  agrecl,  and    the  api«;H)   wan   disminiififj 
with  costs,  as  before  slated. 


Electricity  in  Mines.— Appeal. 

Judgment  was  delivered  on  Friday  by  the  Lord  Chief  Justice 
and  Justices  Coleridge  and  Eowlatt  in  the  King's  Bench  Divisional 
Court,  in  the  appeal  by  Mr.  John  Atkinson,  an  Inspector  of  Mines, 
again.st  a  decision  of  the  Gateshead  Magistrates,  who  had  declined 
to  convict  Mr.  H.  M.  Imrie,  manager  of  the  Chopwell  Colliery,  near 
Gateshead,  for  an  alleged  offence  under  the  Coal  Mines  Regulation 
Act  (Electricity  Rules). 

The  charge  was  that  Mr.  Imrie  had  contravened  the  rules  by  not 
having  an  electric  switch-box  earthed,  and  the  Magistrates  refused 
to  convict,  holding  that  no  offence  had  been  committed.  It  was 
pointed  out  that  the  whole  question  was  whether  earthing  of  the 
switch-box  was  construction  or  installation.  Mr.  Imrie's  conten- 
tion was  that  it  was  construction,  while  the  Inspector  argued  to  the 
contrary.  If  it  was  construction  then  the  rules  did  not  apply,  because 
the  apparatus  had  been  constructed  before  1911,  and  they  applied  to 
apparatus  erected  after  that  year.  It  was  stated  that  the  switch- 
box  in  question  was  for  controlling  a  portable  electric  motor,  which 
worked  a  conveyor  for  carrying  coal,  and  it  was  alleged  that  the 
box  was  not  earthed  to  the  insulation  system.  On  May  3rd,  1912,  the 
box  was  out  of  order,  and  a  workman,  touching  it,  received  a  shock 
which  proved  fatal.  Counsel  argued  that,  if  the  box  had  been 
earthed,  this  might  not  have  happened. 

The  Court  now  dismissed  the  appeal,  with  costs. 

The  LoBD  Chief  Justice  said  he  had  read  the  judgment  of  Mr. 
Justice  Coleridge,  and  agreed  to  it,  so  there  was  very  little  he  could 
add.  The  point  for  decision  was  whether  the  apparatus  in  question 
came  within  the  exemption  in  Provision  20  (B)  of  the  Act,  and 
whether  earthing  it  would  be  construction  or  installation.  The  two 
things  ran  very  close  together,  so  that  the  point  was  rather  difficult 
to  decide.  He  had  looked  at  the  description  of  the  apparatus  which 
was  in  use  before  June,  1911,  and  came  to  the  conclusion  that  it 
came  within  the  meaning  of  "construction,"  and  he,  therefore, 
could  not  come  to  any  other  conclusion  than  that  arrived  at  by 
the  Justices,  viz.,  that  no  offence  had  been  committed  by  the 
respon  lent. 

Mb.  Justice  Coleridge  said  the  case  for  the  appellant  was  that 
'  a  switch-box  was  not  earthed  in  connection  with  the  insulation 
system  in  contravention  of  Sec.  8,  Sub-Sec.  8,  of  the  Coal  Mines 
KepfTiTation  Act  (electricity  rules).  Respondent  claimed  exemption 
under  Sec.  20,  Sub-Sec.  6,  which  excepted  from  the  provisions  of 
Sec.  8  any  apparatus  which  was  in  use  prior  to  June,  1911,  so  con- 
structed or  adapted  so  as  to  comply  with  the  requirements  in 
vogue  relating  to  the  construction  of  electrical  apparatus  in  mines 
before  that  date.  If  earthing  by  connection  with  an  earthing 
system  meant  construction  of  electrical  apparatus,  the  exemption 
applied ;  otherwise  it  did  not.  In  order  to  earth  a  switch-box 
it  had  been  found  necessary  to  connect  it  with  another  cable  in 
addition  to  the  one  already  connected  with  it.  Was  that  an  alter- 
ation or  addition  or  construction  of  electrical  apparatus  .'  Appa- 
ratus, according  to  the  definition  clause,  included  all  machines  and 
fittings  in  which  conductors  were  used,  or  in  which  they  formed 
part.  A  switchbox  was,  therefore,  apparatus.  For  the  earthing  of 
a  switchbox  a  different  apparatus  was  necessary.  The  Magistrates, 
after  viewing  the  apparatus,  came  to  the  conclusion  that  to  connect 
one  with  the  other  you  must  reconstruct.  It  was  said  for  the  appellant 
that  if  you  add  yon  do  not  reconstruct  but  install.  If  l)y  adding 
to  the  apparatus  the  addition  formed  part  of  the  whole,  then  he 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  you  construct,  and  to  construct  was  to 
put  parts  of  the  whole  together  according  to  some  regular  and 
definite  plan.     The  added  cable  would   be,    in  his  opinion,  part  of 


TllA.MWAV   ArCIDKNT  Cl.AI.Mh. 

In  an  action  against  the  Dumbarton  Burgh  and  Connty  Train 
wAys  Co.,  Ltd.,  Dumbarton,  for  personal  injuries,  a  jury  in  tbi- 
('ourt  of  Session  awarded  a  widow  £50. 

A  jury  under  Lord  Skerrington  in  the  Court  of  Seshion  last  week, 
iilso  awarded  £200  damai^cs  to  a  grocer  in  reHf)Cct  of  injuries  sus- 
tained by  his  chihl  through  being  knocked  <lown  by  an  E<iinburgh 
cable  car.  The  pursuer  attributed  fault  to  the  defenders  in  respect 
that  the  driver  of  the  car  failed  to  keep  a  proper  look-out  and  give 
warning  of  the  approach  of  the  car.  The  defenders  denied  fault 
and  pleaded  contributory  negligence.  The  cliirn  originally  was 
for  £1,000. 


Smith  c.  ImpCrial  Liohtino  Co. 

In  the  City  of  London  Court  on  Tuesday,  before  Judge  Lumley 
Smith,  K.C,  Mr.  David  Smith,  trading  as  David  Smith  .*^  Co.,  3, 
Red  Lion  Court,  Fleet  Street,  claimed  £3  10s.  2d.  against  the 
Imperial  Lighting  Co.  for  electric  lamps  supplied. 

Defendants'  representative  said  that  the  lamps  would  only  bum 
for  a  few  hours,  and  then  went  out.  They  were  put  up  at  the 
Society  of  Motor  Manufacturers'  Show  at  Olympia.  In  all,  .'iS 
bad  lamps  were  returned. 

Plaintiffs  said  they  sent  600  lamps  to  the  defendants  ;  they  were 
all  tested.  About  32  were  returned  ;  they  had  burned  for  200  or 
300  hours.  When  a  metal-filament  lamp  was  touched,  the  filament 
shortened,  and  then  double  the  amount  of  the  current  had  to  be 
passed  through  it.  They  might  go  out  or  blacken  at  once. 
The  lamps  sued  for  were  injured  after  they  were  delivered.  They 
were  roughly  used.  They  were  Is.  4Jd.  each.  He  did  not  hold 
himself  responsible  unless  the  lamps  were  returned  within  three 
days  of  delivery. 

Judge  Lumley  Smith  said  he  remembered  going  to  the  Motor 
Show  and  seeing  the  lamps.  Lamps  could  not  be  tested  in  three 
days,  surely  / 

Plaintiffs  said  three  hours  was  suflBcient. 

Judge  Lumley  Smith  said  he  knew  the  metal  filaments  were 
very  difficult  to  carry. 

Defendants'  representative  :  We  handle  a  great  many. 

Judge  Lumley  Smith  said  they  ought  to  be  carried  in  an 
ambulance,  because,  if  they  were  carried  in  a  van,  they  got  broken. 
He  found  for  the  plaintiffs  for  £3  and  costs. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Royal  EdiSTtan. — We  note  that  the  Edison  A:  Swax 
United  ElectbiciLight  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  36,  Queen  Street,  EC,  makers 
of  the  Royal  Ediswan  metal-filament  and  carbon- filament  lamps 
have  received  the  honour  ot  appointment  to  Her  ilajesty  Queen 
Alexandra.  The  firm  now  has  an  attractive  poster  issued  by  its 
Publicity  Department  displayed  on  the  London  hoardings. 

Some  Recent  Pump  and  Turbine  Orders,— ilEf^sEs. 

BoviNG  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  report  having  received  a  considerable  number 
of  orders  for  Victoria  turbo  pumps,  including  the  following  : — 
The  Weardale  Steel,  Coal  and  Coke  Co.,  Ltd.,  one  pump  to 
deliver  450  g.p.m.  against  a  head  of  520  ft.  :  the  South  Bnkeru 
Tin  Mines,  Ltd.,  one  pnmp  to  deliver  GOO  g  p.m.  against  a  head  of 
60  ft.  ;  the  Rhodesia  Katanga  Junction  Railway  and  Minerals  Co., 
Ltd.,  one  pump  to  deliver  1,000  g.p.m.  against  a  head  of  200  ft.  ; 
the  Tharsis  Sulphur  and  Copper  Co.,  Ltd.,  two  units,  each  deliver- 
ing 560  g.p.m.  against  a  head  of  322  ft.  The  pump  for  the  South 
Bukeru  Tin  Mines  is  for  hydraulic  purposes. 

Water  turbine  orders  recently  received  include  :— Two  units  of 
1,340  B  H.P.,  for  the  Nippon  Chemical  Co.,  Japan:  a  unit  of 
265  H.r.,  Messrs.  J.  Hoyle  ^V  Sons,  Lanes.  :  a  unit  of  160  H.P.,  F.  H. 
Walter  &  Co.,  Rio  de  Janeiro  :  a  third  unit  of  420  H.P.,  New 
Plymouth  (N.Z.)  Council. 

An  order  has  also  been  received  from  the  L.C.C.,  for  four  centri- 
fugal sewage  pumps,  for  the  Crossness  station,  each  to  deliver 
22,500  g.p.m.  against  a  head  of  30  ft.,  and  each  coupled  to  a  forced 
lubrication  engine  of  270  H.P. 

Bankruptcy  Pioeeedinps. — AV.m.   Robkkt  Reynolds, 

electrical  engineer,  lately  carrying  on  business  at  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  EC,  and  elsewhere.— At  a  sitting  of  the  London  Bankruptcy 
Court  held  last  week  before  Mr.  Registrar  Brougham,  this  public 
examination  was  held.  The  debtor  returned  total  liabilities  £1,253 
(unsecured  £521)  and  assets  valued  at  £26.  Replying  to  Mr.  J.  B. 
Knight,  Official  Receiver,  the  debtor  stated  that  having  for  many 
years  been  in  employment  as  an  electrician,  he,  with  a  partner, 
started  a  similar  business  in  February,  1905,  at  17.  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  under  the  style  of  "G.  Askey  .V  Co.'  Witness  borrowed 
£50  from  his  father  to  put  into  the  business.  The  partnership  was 
dissolved  in  October,  1 905,  witness  taking  over  all  liabilities  and  assets, 


136 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi.72.  No.  1,835,  januaby  21, 1913. 


and  continuing:  alone  under  his  own  name.  The  business  throughout 
had  consisted  entirely  of  inxtallation  work.  In  March,  1906,  he 
removed  to  313.  Hiph  Street,  East  Ham,  and  subsequently  to  various 
other  addres.xes  in  the  immediate  vicinity.  In  October,  I'Jll,  he 
op>ened  another  shop  at  (511,  Romford  Road,  and  in  February,  1912, 
a  further  shop  at  31,  The  Promenade,  Palmer's  Green.  Owinjf  to 
want  of  capital  he  was  unable  to  keep  all  the  shops  poinp,  and  was 
losing  money.  Jn  Marcli,  1912,  with  the  object  of  raising  funds, 
witness  sold  his  businesses  to  W.  R.  Reynolds,  Ltd.,  which  wa.<< 
formed  with  a  nominal  capital  of  £250.  He  received  £1  share  in 
the  company,  and  the  appointment  of  managing  director  at  £1.5(1 
per  annum.  The  shop  at  (!14,  Romford  Road,  was  closed  in  .June, 
1912  ;  the  company  had  traded  at  a  loss,  and  in  October  last  two 
judgment  creditors  levied  executions  at  the  remaining  shops. 
Witness  added  that  since  August,  191(i,  he  had  speculated  in  free- 
hold and  leasehold  house  properties  in  the  East  Ham  district.  To 
losses  on  such  speculations  and  to  want  of  capital  he  attributed  his 
present  position.     The  examination  was  concluded. 

Re  J.  W.  M.\Y  \  Co.  C<lerome  Walter  May,  trading  as),  importers 
of  lighting  and  other  specialities,  33,  Cock  Lane,  Snow  Hill,  E.C. — 
An  application  for  an  order  of  discharge  was  made  last  week  at  the 
London  Bankruptcy  Court  by  this  bankrupt,  who  tailed  in  October, 
1911.  The  Official  Receiver  reported  that  the  probable  debts 
amounted  to  £8,725,  the  assets  valued  by  the  bankrupt  at  £1,085, 
had  produced  £547,  and  a  dividend  of  9d.  in  the  £  had  been  paid 
to  the  creditors.  The  bankrupt  came  to  this  country  from  America 
in  1 905,  and  for  three  years  acted  as  manager  for  a  firm  dealing  in 
lighting  specialities.  In  May,  1908,  he  commenced  a  similar  busi- 
ness in  partnership  with  another  person,  with  a  capital  of  £300  ; 
the  partner  retired  at  the  end  of  that  year,  and  the  bankrupt  con- 
tinued the  business  until  July  l.")th,  1911,  when  he  executed  a  deed 
of  assignment  in  favour  of  a  trustee  acting  on  behalf  of  the 
creditors  generally.  The  bankrupt  attributed  his  failure  to  robbery 
by  employes,  heavy  household  expenses  through  the  illness  of  his 
wife  and  family,  want  of  capital,  bad  debts,  and  loss  of  trade  by 
reason  of  his  inability  to  attend  properly  to  the  business.  The 
discharge  was  suspended  for  two  years  on  the  grounds  of  (1)  in- 
sufficiency of  assets  to  equal  10s.  in  the  £  on  the  amount  of  the 
unsecured  liabilities  ;  and  (2)  imperfect  books  of  accounts.  Order 
entered  accordingly. 

W.  LoxGDON  &  V.  G.  Cobb  (Longdon  A;  Cobb),  electrical  engineers, 
Nottingham. — Receiving  order  made  January  15th  on  debtors"  own 
petition. 

R.  E.  Walkeb,  electrical  engineer  and  cycle  agent,  Hereford. — 
Supplemental  dividend  of  3Sd.  in  the  £  payable  February  1st  at 
Official  Receiver's  office,  2,  Offa  Street,  Hereford. 

Sweden, — The  output  of  the  AUniiinna  Svenska 
Elektriska  A.-B.  last  year  showed  a  satisfactory  increase,  8,000 
electric  machines  having  been  turned  out,  of  a  total  capacity  of 
3G0,000  H.r.  The  deliveries  for  the  three  foregoing  years  were  :— 
1909,  105,000  H.P.  ;  1910,230,000  J£.P.  ;  and  1911,  220,000  H.P.— 
Affiirsvarlden. 

Norway, — The  Christiania  Electrical  Works  have 

quite  recently  placed  an  order  with  the  A/S  Norwegian  &  Brown- 
Boveri  for  two  transforming  plants,  each  consisting  of  four 
machines  of  a  capacity  of  1,200  h.p.  each.  The  machines  are  to  be 
built  at  the  company's  works  at  Skoien,  and  are  to  be  completed 
by  June  this  year.  The  company  has  previously  delivered  to  the 
municipal  works  three  similar  plants. 

Book  Notices. — The  Russian  Year-Boah,  1013.  Edited 
by  Dr.  Howard  P.  Kennard.  London  :  Eyre  &:  Spottiswoode,  Ltd. 
10s.  Gd.  net. — Thi^,  the  third  edition  of  this  valuable  work,  i.=, 
happily,  not  quite  so  bulky  as  the  last,  as  a  different  paper  is  used, 
but  it  contains  quite  as  vast  an  amount  of  information,  either 
written  or  compiled  by  experts  on  Russian  affairs,  or  prepared  by 
the  co-operation  of  those  in  authority.  The  development  of  Russia 
naturally  must  promote  great  increase  in  engineering  requirements, 
including,  of  course,  electrical,  and  British  firms  who  look  for  a 
larger  share  of  business  in  that  part  of  Europe  and  Asia  will 
doubtless  be  better  equipped  after  making  a  study  of  the  material 
here  brought  together  for  them  in  convenient  form.  Commercial, 
financial,  mining,  agricultural,  municipal  and  other  affairs  have 
special  sections  devoted  to  them,  and  "  Electricity  "  and  "  Electrical 
Dynamos  and  Jlotors"  have  place  in  the  "  Trade  Reports  ''  sectiou. 
Customs  tariflFs  are  fully  tabulated.  A  calendar  for  1913  indicates 
the  dates  of  Russian  fasts,  festivals.  k.c. 

Elemrnliirij  Miimial  on  Applied  Mechaiiiix.  By  Prof.  A.  Jamieson. 
London  :  Charles  Grillin  A:  Co.  Price  3g.  Od. — The  tenth  edition  of 
this  popular  work  appears  just  after  the  lamented  death  of  the 
author,  whose  remarkable  faculty  of  exposition  to  engineering 
students  enabled  him  to  write  a  series  of  text-books  which  obtained 
a  very  wide  vogue.  The  present  work  has  been  revised  and 
enlarged,  and  the  author  has  added  recent  information  bearing 
upon  examinations,  together  with  sets  of  the  latest  examination 
papers  of  various  bodies.  He  has  al.so  incorporated  in  this  volume 
the  table  of  engineering  symbols,  units  and  abbreviations  employed 
in  his  larger  text-books,  as  well  as  the  symbols  adopted  by 
the  International  Electrotechnical  Commission  at  Turin  in  1911. 
One  of  the  leading  features  of  these  books  is  the  lavish  provision 
of  fully  worked  examples  throughout  the  work,  whereby  any 
difficulty  that  may  be  experienced  in  following  the  abstract  dis- 
cussion of  a  proposition  is  removed  by  the  concrete  illustration 
thus  afforded.  There  is  also  a  wealth  of  line  drawings  and  half- 
tone illustrations,  constantly  remindine-  the  reader  that  the  prin- 
ciples which  he  is  studying  have  an  immediate  bearing  on  the 
practical  applications  of  engineering  to  the  needs  of  everyday  life, 
and  thus  engaging  and  retaining  his  interest  in  a  subject  which,  if 
improperly  treated,  can  be  made  as  dry  as  dust. 


Text-hook  of  Applied  Merhanio.  Vol.  I.  Price  Gs. — This  book, 
by  the  same  author  and  publisher  as  the  foregoing,  is  the  first  of 
the  five  volumes  which  compose  the  complete  work,  now  com^ 
mencing  its  ninth  edition,  and  as  we  reviewed  the  seventh  edition 
less  than  three  years  ago,  we  need  neither  notice  it  at  length  nor 
demonstrate  its  obvious  popularity.  Most  of  what  we  have  said 
above  regarding  the  elementary  manual  applies  also  to  this  volume, 
of  which  we  can  hardly  speak  too  highly. 

"  Lockwood's  Builder's,  Architect's,  Contractor  s  and  Engineer's 
I'rice  Book  for  1913.'  Edited  by  F.  T.  W.  Miller.  London:  Crosby 
Lockwood  i:  Son.     I'rice  48. 

"  Uber  die  I'atentsituation  in  der  Automatischen  Telephonic." 
By  F.  Aldendorff.     Berlin  :  S.  Heimann  A:  Sohn. 

"  (,>uarterly  Trade  Journal  of  the  British  Chamber  of  Commerce 
of  Turkey.''  No.  20,  1912.  Constantinople  :  The  Chamber.  Price 
23.  (Sd. 

"A  Handbook  of  Wireless  Tel^raphy."  By  J.  Erskine  Murray. 
Fourth  Edition.  1913.  London:  Crosby  Lockwood  A:  Son.  Price 
10s.  (id.  net. 

'The  Repayment  of  Local  and  Other  Loans."  By  Edward 
Hartley  Turner.     London  :  Sherratt  A:  Hughes.    Price  218.  net. 

"  Design  and  Construction  of  Steam  Turbines."  By  Harold  M. 
Martin.     London  :   Kiiginecr'my.     Price  2r)s.  net. 

"  List  of  Works  on  Aeronautics  in  the  Science  Library." 
"Catalogue  of  an  Exhibition  of  Apparatus  Illustrating  the  Applica- 
tion of  Scientific  Principles  to  Aeronautics."  London  :  Wyman  and 
Sons,  Ltd.     Price  4d.  and  Id.  each. 

"  Papers  and  Reports  Relating  to  Minerals  and  Mining  in  New 
Zealand."     1912.     Wellington,  N.Z.  ;  Government  Printer. 

"  Specifications  for  and  Measurement  of  Standard  Sieves."  Wash- 
ington :  Government  Printing  Office. 

"  Annales  des  Postes,  Tel^'graphes  et  Telephones."  isri2.  Paris  : 
A.  Dumas.     Price  6  fr. 

"  Elektro-Ingenieur-Kalender,  1913.''  Berlin;  Oscar  Cablentz. 
Price  M.  2.50. 

"  Tranxact'wM  of  the  North-East  Coast  Institution  of  Engineers 
and  Shipbuilders."  ■\'ol.  XXIX,  Part  3.  January,  1913.  Newcastle- 
on-Tyne  :  The  Institution.     Price  58. 

"  jioletin  de  la  Sociedad  de  Fomento  Fabril."  December,  1912. 
Santiago  de  Chile  :  The  Society. 

"  Bulletin  of  the  Association  des  Ingenieurs  Electriciene.''  October, 
1912.    Liege  :  The  Association.    Price  5  fr. 

"  The  A.B.C.  Fiscal  Handbook.''  Is.  net.  ;  post  free,  Is.  3d. 
"Two  Great  Tariff  Trials  of  1912."  By  W.  E.  Do'wding.  3d.  net. 
London  :  Free  Trade  Union. 

Me.ssrs.  Ernest  Scott  &  Mountain's  Works 
Purchased.— The  works  of  Messrs.  Eknest  Scott  &  Mountain, 
Ltd.,  Gateshead,  have  been  purchased  on  behalf  of  Messes. 
C.  A.  Parsons  &  Co.,  of  Heaton  Works,  Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
together  with  the  more  important  portions  of  the  plant  and 
machinery  and  the  goodwill.  Owing  to  the  large  number  of 
inquiries  received  by  Messrs.  Parsons,  and  to  some  very  large  con- 
tracts recently  undertaken  by  them,  the  works  will,  in  the  first 
instance,  be  chiefly  engaged  in  assisting  their  general  manufactures, 
as  well  as  continuing  the  business  carried  on  by  Messrs.  Scott  and 
Mountain. 

River  Plate. — Amongst  the  principal  electrical  goods 
imported  during  the  first  nine  months  of  the  year  we  find  the 
following  (values  in  dollars  gold)  :^Accumulators,  $47,370  ;  insu- 
lators, ."S'.)9,23G  ;  cables  and  wires,  $2,231,293  ;  telephones,  $58,623; 
arc  carbons,  ^^109, 702  ;  dynamos  and  motors,  81,391,131  ;  ewitches, 
S88,4  70  ;  arc  lamps,  $106,960 ;  incandescent  lamps,  $344,401; 
meters,  1359,604  ;  larapholders,  857,647  ;  ventilators,  822,936.  The 
total  value  of  the  electrical  goods  imported  was  $6,941,984,  an 
increase  of  f2fiiS6,eOl.—Beview  of  the  Rirer  Plate. 

Catalogues  and  Lists.  —  The  British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  Rugby. — Advance  copy  of  a  new  price  list 
describing,  illustrating,  and  giving  price  and  dimensional  informa- 
tion respecting,  their  B  T.II.  a.c.  pre-payment  watt-hour  meter, 
single-phase  house  service  type. 

Thr  British  Thom.son-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  Mazda  House, 
London,  E.C. — 12-page  pamphlet  entitled  "A  New  Way  to  Sell 
Fittings''— building  them  up  on  the  sectional  system.  The  various 
parts  going  to  make  up  a  complete  fitting  are  illustrated  in  the  list. 
The  tungstolier  sectional  fitting,  it  will  be  remembered,  was  de- 
scribed in  these  pages  a  short  time  ago.  The  contractor  who  is 
hampered  by  the  cost  of  keeping  large  showroom  facilities  for  the 
display  of  fittings  can  keep  the  separate  ready-wired  parts  of  this 
type  of  fitting  ready  for  assembling  in  a  few  minutes,  and  thus 
needs  less  showroom  and  stock  room  accommodation. 

Messrs.  E.  A.  Reed  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  U,  Victoria  Street,  London, 
E.C. — Catalcgue  consisting  of  a  number  of  illustrated  sheets  show- 
ing and  briifiy  describing  their  elevators  and  conveyors  for  sacks 
and  boxes,  vertical  box  elevators,  tray  conveyors  for  coal  and  ore, 
gravity  roller  conveyors,  steel  buildings,  roofs  and  chimneys. 

The  London  Electric.vl  Tuadinc;  Co.,  Ltd.,  Palmerston 
House,  Old  Broad  Street,  London,  E.C— Illustrated  and  priced 
showcard  of  the  "  Pygmy  "  electric  heater.  We  understand  that 
nearly  J 0,000  of  these  heaters  have  been  sold  since  they  were  first 
placed  on  the  market  last  autumn.  Copies  of  the  showcard  can  be 
obtained  from  the  firm  or  any  of  their  agents. 

The  Dissek  Bitumen  Co.,  Canal  Bank,  Deptford,  London,  S.E. 
— Two  pamphlets  have  been  received  ;  one  of  12  pages  gives  par- 
ticulars of  their  joint  box  compound  (Trinidite)  and  tests  thereon, 
while  the  other  of  14  pages  contains  an  imposing  list  of  electric 
supply  authorities  in  all  parts  of  the  kingdom  who  are  using  this 
compound,  together  with  a  collection  of  testimonials  from  Bome  of 


J 


Vol.  T2.    N,..  l,8:t.-,,  .Tan.iakv  :m,  19l:t.  |      \\\  \.\     (j^LJi^CTRICAL     h  I   V  I  I   w 


\'M 


thoin.  (!()|iioH  of  both  liHts  will  be  Hent  to  anybody  inttsreBtcd  in 
mniiiH  work. 

MusHHS.  DuTiioiT  Encink  Woukb,  91,  Hatton  Garden,  London, 
E.G.  llhiKtratrd  price  lists  rolatint;  to  the  Detroit  stationary  oil 
and  petrol  onffines. 

TiiK  Haiit  AccuMUi.AToii  Co,  Ltd.,  of  Marrthirate  Lano,  S* rat- 
ford,  liOiidoii,  K.,  have  propurcd  a  vory  e(F('(;tivc  wall  nhowcnrd. 
The  |)iotoriul  part  of  the  deBiirn  embo<lioH  illuHtratiouH  of  typical 
Hart  central  Htution  batteries  and  batteries  for  private  installationb 
and  other  purpopes. 

Mil,  A.  Biiun()u(jiiM,  28,  Ilitton  Wall,  liOndon,  KC— Illustrated 
leaflets  showiiifr  the  firm's  electric  illuminated  box  siptns  for  outside 
service,  and  standinp  sitfns  for  window  and  counter  display. 

TiiK  British  Wio.stincmiousk  Ki.wrruic  and  MANirAC!TURiN(i 
Co.,  Ltd.,  Traft'ord  Park.— Small  folder  relutintr  to  spare  parts  for 
control  (rear.  An  illustration  of  a  difsembled  controller  has  a 
letter  index  to  the  separate  parts,  which  can  all  be  supplied  from 
stock.  .\I80  a  folder  dealing  with  oil-insulated  eelf-coolinp  trans- 
formers. 

TiiK  BuiTisii  Electkic  Thansior.mku  Co.,  Ltd.,  2i)A,  Charing 
Cross  iload,  London,  W.C— Illustrated  catalogue.  No.  29,  describing 
the  "Tricity  "  non-luminous  electric  heater  for  service  on  board 
ship.     Pedestal  and  settee  types  are  both  shown. 

Private  .\rranp:eineiits. —  I'.  OuwiaoN  &  Cd.,  elec- 
trical engineers,  12,  George  Street,  Ashton-'under-Lyne,  and  38, 
Bank  Street,  Rawtenstall. — The  creditors  interested  herein  were 
called  together  recently  at  the  offices  of  Messrs.  Hurst  ,.V  Hewitt, 
Commercial  Chambtrs,  Corporation  Street,  Manchester,  when  a 
statement  of  affairs  was  presented  showing  liabilities  of  £680,  all 
of  which  were  due  to  unsecured  creditors.  The  asfets  were  esti- 
mated to  realise  £714,  and  a  surplus  was  thus  disclosed  of  £:!4. 
The  assets  consisted  of  stock-in-trade  at  Rawtenstall,  £42  ;  stock 
at  Ashton-under-Lyne,  £.50  ;  fixtures,  fittings  and  utensils,  £20  ; 
book  debts  at  Rawtenstall,  £210  ;  and  book  debts  at  Ashton-under- 
Lyne,  £392.  It  was  reported  that  the  business  had  been  carried  on 
in  partnership,  the  partners  being  Richard  (iregson  and  Wm. 
Garfcside.  They  started  trading  about  three  years  ago,  each  having 
a  capital  of  about  £.500.  Bach  of  the  debtors  managed  one  of  the 
businesses.  It  was  stated  that  the  business  had  been  losing  money, 
and  the  last  balance-sheet  which  was  prepared  in  March,  1912, 
ahowe*  a  surplus  of  a  little  more  than  £.500.  In  consequence  of 
proceedings,  the  debtors  consulted  their  solicitors  before  Christmas, 
when  they  were  advised  to  execute  a  deed  of  assignment.  Gregson 
did  not  attend  at  the  offices  to  sign  the  deed,  but  he  had  since  sent  the 
key  of  the  Ashton-under-Lyne  premises  to  the  trustee,  together 
with  some  money.  It  was  also  reported  that  Gregson  had  gone 
away.  The  accountants  subsequently  made  inquiries,  and  found 
that  the  books-had  not  been  properly  written  up  since  the  date  of 
the  last  audit.  In  the  absence  of  Gregson,  an  application  was  made 
to  the  Registrar  of  the  County  Court  for  leave  to  register  the  deed 
in  that  debtor's  absence.  The  application  was  refused,  but  the 
matter  was  taken  before  the  Judge,  and  after  reviewing  evidence, 
he  acceded  to  the  application.  It  was,  however,  stated  that  Mr. 
Gartside  owned  a  dwelling  house  of  the  value  of  £250,  and  he  had 
deposited  the  deeds  of  that  property  with  the  trustee,  and  the  assets 
would  be  accordingly  increased.  Sympathy  was  expressed  with 
Mr.  Gartside  by  the  creditors,  and  after  a  short  discussion  it  was 
decided  that  the  deed  of  assignment  already  executed  should  be  con- 
firmed.   The  following  are  creditors : — 


W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works, 

Ltd il74 

Baxeodale  &  Co 100 

Foster  Engineering  Co 77 

Veritys,  Ltd.  39 


Richardson  &  Co 

Eckstein,  Heap  &  Co. 

Union  Electric  Co 

Edison  &  Swan  Co. 
Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd. 


29 
23 
16 

18 


Dissolutions  and  Liquidations. — North  Metro- 
politan TuAMWAYS  Co.— A  meeting  is  called  for  February  20th 
at  Electrical  Federation  Offices.  London,  to  hear  an  account  of  the 
winding  up  from  Messrs.  Geo.  Richardson  and  .T.  McLeod. 

CowPER-CoLES  Inventions  Development  Co.,  Ltd.— A  meeting 
is  called  for  February  25th  at  1  and  2,  Old  Pye  Street,  Westminster, 
to  hear  an  account  of  the  winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  W. 
Craddock. 

Mersey  Enuine  and  Producer  Co.,  Ltd.— At  a  meeting 
called  for  February  24th,  at  3,  Lord  Street,  Liverpool,  Mr.  W.  E. 
Mounsey,  the  liquidator,  will  give  an  account  of  the  winding  up. 

The  Electeical  Wirinr  and  Accessories  Co..  Boot  Build- 
ings, Market  Street,  Aberdare  — Messrs.  J.  A.  Bosher  and  R.  S. 
Belsten  have  dissolved  partnership.  Mr.  Belsten  attends  to 
debts,  &c. 

Findinj?  Lost  Pipes. — There  have  been  several  inquiries 
regarding  the  apparatus  for  this  purpose  described  in  our  issue  of 
December  20th,  1912.  We  are  now  able  to  state  that  the  makers 
are  Messrs.  Edwin  A.  Mansfield  &  Co.,  12,  Beckenham  Road,  Xew 
Brighton,  U.S.A.,  from  whom  we  have  received  a  pamphlet  describ- 
ing the  system,  and  giving  a  long  list  of  water  and  gas  companies 
and  municipalities  who  use  it. 

Annual  Dinner. — The  staff  of  the  Electric  Construc- 
tion Co..  Ltd.,  held  their  sixth  annual  dinner  on  Friday,  January 
1 7th,  at  the  Star  and  Garter  Hotel,  Wolverhampton.  The  managing 
director  of  the  company  (Mr.  James  Gray)  presided  over  a  good 
muster,  the  vice-chair  being  occupied  by  Mr.  William  Bulloch  (a 
director  and  general  manager  of  the  company").  Mr.  David  Willock 
(secretary  of  the  company")  was  also  present.  After  dinner,  musical 
,  items  were  rendered  by  various  members  of  the  staff,  including  a 
"  turn  "  by  "  The  Shockers, "  a  quintette  of  pierrots,  whose  perform- 
ance— including  several  topical  items  writte!>  by  one  of  the  troupe — 
was  thoroughly  enjoyed.  The  managing  director,  replying  to  the 
toast  of  ''  The  Company,'  proposed  by  Mr.  Sam.  Antwis — the  oldest 


member  of  Ihi'  Htiilf  j)rf(M;nt,  with  30  yearn'  itcrviiM;  referring  to 
the  harmonious  relations  exiHting  l>ctw(*n  lh«  directom  and  th« 
stair,  said,  in  theno  dayK  of  labour  unri'»t  they  prided  thcmwlveii  on 
the  fact  tha*,  they  had  never  had  a  seriouM  dispute  with  their 
employe's,  and  spoke  very  ho|H!f  ully  of  the  pronpe<;t»i  of  the  wjmpany. 
Mr.  \V.  Bulloch,  in  proposing  the  toa-t  of  "Our  Chairinan,  "  p-ix/ke 
of  th(!  valuably  servicjes  renrliTcd  to  the  company  by  Mr.  (iray,  and 
of  tint  esteem  and  alf(c:tion  with  which  he  pernonally  regarded  him. 
The  toast  of  "<)iir  Vice-Chairmiin  "  was  proposed  by  Mr.  K.  MsBsey, 
and  acknowledged  by  Mr.  Uulloch.  The  "  Dinner  Committee  ami 
Artistes"  was  proposed  by  .Mr.  D.  Willock,  and  rtfpondtd  to  by  Mr. 
W.  M.  Furniss. 

S|»ain. — A  foreifjn  Consular  report  from  I'.arcelona  Hiiys, 
among  other  things,  that  without  belittling  the  sneccss  Oerroany 
has  had  in  Spain,  it  can  be  truly  raid  that,  if  the  dynamos  and  the 
larger  apparatus  are  excepted,  the  goods  supplied  are  often  of  very 
moderate  quality,  and  would  not  readily  bedisfjosed  of  in  any  other 
European  market.  This  is  the  letult  of  the  low  prices  at  which 
German  manufacturers  are  prepared  to  take  the  business  solely 
with  a  view  of  discouraging  competition  V>y  the  electrical  industries 
of  other  countries.  It  is  not  likely,  however,  that  Spain  will 
continue  indefinitely  to  buy  cheap  gecds  which  do  not  wear  well, 
and,  therefore,  if  the  (ierman  plan  of  campaign  is  not  altered,  it  is 
probable  that  her  manufacturers  will  lose  a  great  deal  of  the 
business  that  is  now  in  their  hands — at  any  rate  as  far  as  acces- 
sories are  concerned. 

Calendars. — Messrs.    AV.    A.    Walrer    &    Co.,    ;5«, 

Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W.,  have  issued  a  large  wall 
calendar,  the  central  feature  of  which  is  a  collection  of  miniature 
half-tone  illustrations  of  machine  tools  made  by  the  firms  for  whom 
they  are  agents. 

From  the  Electrical  Accessories  Supply  Stores,  of 
it,  Queen's  Terrace,  SheernessonSea,  we  have  received  a  neat  little 
calendar  with  monthly  tear-ofiE  slips. 

The  Bat  Meter  Co.,  Ltd.,  3,  Eden  Street,  Ilampstead  Road, 
London,  N.W.,  has  likewise  issued  a  wall  calendar  with  monthly 
slips.  The  upper  half  of  the  sheet  shows  a  large  illustration  of 
one  of  the  firm's  electrical  meters. 

Messrs.  Beecknell,  Munro  &  Rogers,  Ltd.,  of  Thrissell 
Street,  Bristol,  have  prepared  a  calendar  with  monthly  slips 
for  1913,  above  which  there  is  a  print  in  colour  of  "Past  and 
Prefent — 11. M.S.  St.  Vincent  leaving  Portsmouth  Harbour  "-always 
an  interesting  comparison. 

The  Sun  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Charing  Cross  Road,  W.C, 
ask  us  to  say  that,  in  consequence  of  the  extraordinaiily  large 
demand  for  the  pencils  prepared  by  them  as  a  Xew  Year  souvenir, 
their  stock  is  exhausted,  and  they  regret  inability  to  comply  with 
all  the  requests. 

Trade     Announcements. — Mr.    Fred.    E.    Trill    has 

entered  into  partnership  with  Mr.  E.  A.  Shaw,  electrical  engineer. 
The  business  will  be  carried  on  as  heretofore  under  the  style  of 
Edward  A.  Shaw  &  Co.,  at  Cape  Town. 

Mr.  R.  E.  Connold  has  taken  over  the  business  formerly  carried 
on  at  (iA,  Parade,  Canterbury,  by  Mr.  L.  A.  Wells,  electrical 
engineer  and  contractor. 

Messes.  J.  E.  Elliott  A:  Co.,  electrical  engineers,  of  Broad 
Street,  Oxford,  have  recently  opened  ofiBces  at  10,  Adam  Street, 
Adelphi,  W.C. 

The  Shipley  Fan  Co.  have  removed  to  "Valley  Works,  Shipley, 
owing  to  increasf  d  sales  of  fans  and  motors.  Telephone  number, 
"  320  Shipley."  Illustrated  cards  received  show  their  blowing  fan, 
exhausting  fan,  and  Sun  electric  fan. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Aberdeen. — Mr.  Bell,  the  electrical  engineer  to  the  T.C., 
has  reported  on  the  necessity  of  extending  the  generating  plant  of 
the  Corporation  at  a  cost  of  £15,510.  The  estimates  provide  for  a 
3,000-KW.  turbo-alternator  with  condenser,  &c.  (£9,750),  1,500  KW. 
of  converting  plant  (£3,6(0).  switchgear,  kc.  (£750),  and  contin- 
gencies (£1,410).  The  new  turbine  plant  will  replace  two  existing 
200-KW.  engine  sets  which  are  out  of  date. 

.irbloallL— A  difference  between  the  Town  Council  and 
the  North  of  Scotland  Entertainments,  Ltd.,  regarding  the  payment 
of  £212  for  electrical  equipment  in  connection  with  the  reconstruc- 
tion of  the  old  Corn  Exchange  buildings,  has  been  satisfactorily 
settled. 

Ar«rentina. — In  connection  with  La  Societa  Ttalo- 
Argentina  di  Elettricita,  the  new  company  which  has  lately  been 
formed  in  Buenos  Ayres  under  Italian  aufpices  with  a  capital  of 
£440,000,  to  establish  electricity  supply  undertakings  in  Argentina, 
the  Pirelli  Co  .  of  Milan,  Messrs.  Tosi  &  Co..  of  Legnano,  the  well- 
known  Italian  turbine  builders,  and  Messrs.  Boveri  A:  Co.,  of  Badtn, 
Switzerland,  are  reported  to  be  interested  in  this  concern. 

ATTSliire.— More  light  is  wanted  at  Trocn,  a  popular 
watering  place,  and  it  is  suggested  that  electricity  should  be  intro- 
duced.    It  is  beli'-vcd  that  the  T.C.  will  consider  the  m.itter. 


138 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,    [Voi.  72.  No.  i,m,  januak  24, 1913. 


itlaokroek. — A  sj^cial  meetiDg  of  the  Council  was  held 
on  Saturday  to  consider  what  action  ehould  be  taken  with  regard  to 
the  proposal  of  the  Dublin  Southern  District  Electric  Supply  Co.  to 
apply  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  a  prov.  order  giving  it  liberty  to  supply 
the  Blackrock  district  with  electric  current.  The  town  clerk 
point<d  out  that  the  Dublin  Southern  Co,  would  supply  electrcity 
at  a  fraction  under  .'id.  per  unit  for  private  purposes  to  the  consumers 
in  thedistrict.  The  Pembroke  Council  would  also  bedisposed  to  favour- 
ably consider  the  supply  of  electric  current  at  the  boundary  of  the 
township  on  terms  ranging  from  2jd.  for  100,000  units  per  annum 
to  lid.  for  a  consumption  exceeding  32.i,000  units,  for  a  period  of 
three  years  (beyond  which  the  Council  would  not  contract)  renew- 
able at  the  same  terms,  and  it  would  supply  at  2Jd.  p€r  unit, 
irrespective  of  the  quantity  consumed,  up  to  March  Ist,  1914.  The 
position,  therefore,  appeared  to  be  that  the  Council  could  either 
decline  to  waive  its  right  to  the  notice  which  should  have  been 
given  by  the  promoters  of  the  company  in  July  last,  with  the  result 
that  Blaokrock  must  be  left  out  of  the  proposed  order,  or  it  could 
make  an  arrangement  with  the  Pembroke  Council.  The  Dublin 
Southern  Co.  had  written  stating  that  it  was  not  greatly  concerned 
whether  Blackrock  was  included  or  not  in  theorder.  It  wasdecided 
unanimously  not  to  waive  the  Council's  right  to  the  notice  which 
should  have  been  delivered  in  July  last ;  and  further,  that  the 
district  should  be  canvassed  for  consumers. 

Blackbarn. — The  ^layor  is  to  perform  an  interesting 
ceremony  to-day  at  the  electricity  works,  when  he  starts  the  new 
generating  plant  installed  at  a  cost  of  £9,000.  Theriew  plant  consists 
of  two  turbo  alternators,  two  rotary  converters,  and  the  necessary 
switchboard,  &c.  Thfsearethe  first  turbines  to  be  put  down  in  Black- 
burn ;  when  the  first  one  was  ordered,  12  months  ago,  it  was  got 
partly  to  enable  the  Corporation  to  start  an  (xtra-high-tension 
supply  for  cotton  mills  and  large  works.  Before  it  was  on  its  bed 
there'  was  a  demand  from  two  mills  for  half  of  its  capacity  of 
2, COO  Kw.,  and  since  then  practically  another  1,000  kw.  has  Joeen 
arranged  for.  With  the  full  capacity  of  one  turbine  spoken  for,  the 
Electricity  Committee  decided  to  put  down  another.  The  new 
plant  generates  three-phase  alternating  current  at  6,i;00  volts,  and 
has  a  speed  of  3.000  ii.P..M.  The  two  rotary  converters  are  already 
in  position  ;  each  has  a  capacity  of  1,000  h.p.  and  a  speed  of  600 
B.P.M.  The  two  cotton  weaving  mills  to  be  run  by  the  first  turbine 
are  the  one  at  Skew  Bridge,  which  has  1,040  looms,  and  Cicely 
Bridge  extension,  370  looms  ;  each  loom  has  its  own  motor.  The 
new  plant  has  been  installed  by  the  British  Westinghouse  Co.  A 
cooling  tower,  106  ft.  high,  is  shortly  to  be  erected.  The  tower 
foundations  and  auxiliaries  will  cost  approximately  £2,600,  and  it 
will  be  capable  of  dealing  with  200,000  gallons  per  hour.  The  order 
has  been  placed  with  the  Davenport  Engineering  Co.  The  whole 
of  the  work  has  been  done  to  specifications  by  Mr.  Wheelwright,  the 
borough  electrical  engineer. 

Bolton, — The  Electricity  Committee  has  referred  to  the 
chairman  and  vice-chairman,  applications  from  the  following  mills 
and  works  for  current  for  motive  power  :— Messrs.  Slater  &  Co., 
Ltd.,  Bolton  Bleachworks  ;  Messrs.  R.  Entwistle  &  Co.,  Lincoln 
Mill  ;  Messrs,  J,  Marsden  *:  Co.,  Britannia  Works  :  Messrs.  Winder 
and  McKean,  Bradford  Mills,  and  the  Victoria  Mill. 

Brighton. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  install  an  electric 
cooking  outfit,  at  a  cost  of  £55,  on  the  Crown  Street  premises  of 
Messrs.  Stafford,  who  are  constructing  a  new  staff  kitchen.  The 
firm  have  promised  to  use  electricity  if  the  Council  puts  in  the 
apparatus. 

Churoh    (near    Oswaldtwistle).  —  The    r.D.C.    has 

decided  that  Blackburn  Road  and  Market  Street  be  lighted  by  elec- 
tricity, and  a  sub-Committee  has  been  appointed  to  make  arrange- 
ments and  report. 

Continental  \otes. — FiM-Axn. —  It  is  announced  from 
Helsingfors  that  the  Finnish  Senate  has  discussed  the  question  of 
the  utilisation  of  the  falls  on  the  River  Vouoksia,  and  that  an 
inter-Departmental  Committee  has  been  appointed  to  draw  up  the 
conditions  for  the  immediate  utilisation  of  the  Grande  Imatra 
Falls.  The  electrical  energy  generated  will  be  utilised  for  traction 
purposes  on  the  Saimenski  Canal,  for  the  electrification  of  the  St. 
Petersburg- Viborg  railway,  for  lighting  and  power  purposes  in  the 
town  and  district  of  \'iborg,  while  part  will  be  transmitted  to  St. 
Petersburg  for  a  similar  purpose.  It  is  estimated  that  the  portion 
of  the  falls  to  be  utilised  will  jield  an  electrical  out  put  of  4oOmQlion 
KW. -hours  per  year.  The  necessary  plant  will  be  installed  on 
(iovernment  account,  the  Finnish  Senate  having  decided  not  to 
hand  it  over  to  private  concessionaires. 

.VoRWAY, — The  Municipality  of  Troiii^n  has  recently  contracted 
for  a  new  electricity  works,  with  equipment  by  the  Elektrisk 
Bureau  of  Christiania.  Two  generators  of  600  n.i'.  each,  with  the 
necessary  transformers  and  switchee,  will  be  installed.  The 
electric  power  will  be  derived  from  a  waterfall  situated  at  some 
distance  from  the  town,  and  will  be  transmitted  at  12,000  volts. 
This  undertaking  is  not  a  very  big  one,  but  it  has  fome  very 
interesting  features  in  regard  to  the  question  of  transmission. 
Tromfco  is  situated  on  an  island,  while  the  waterfall,  from  which 
the  energy  is  to  be  obtained,  is  situated  on  the  mainland.  This 
necessitates  the  tranf-mission  of  power  by  submarine  cables  across 
two  sounds,  one  of  which  is  850  m.  wide,  and  the  other  C25  m. 
The  works  are  to  be  completed  by  August  next. 

The  Elektrisk  Bureau  has  also  obtained  an  order  from  the 
Sulitelma  Copper  Mines  for  the  delivery  of  two  generators;  to  be 
installed  at  the  Fineide  power  station,  which  will  be  extended. 

The  municipal  authorities  of  Christiania  are  reported  to  be  con- 


sidering a  scheme  to  establish  a  plant,  25  miles  from  the  city,  to 
utilise  the  water  power  of  the  Halfrcd  and  Solberfos  Falls  on  the 
River  Glommen,  in  the  generation  of  electrical  energy.  It  is 
stated  that  about  27,000  H.P.  will  be  available. 

Gekmany, — The  recently-formed  Thuringer  Electricitiits  Liefe- 
rnngs  Gesellschaft  has  placed  a  contract  with  the  A.E.G.  for  the 
(x>nBtruction  of  an  overland  transmission  station  for  the  Duchies 
of  Gotha  and  Meiningen,  and  the  districts  of  Schmalkalden  and 
Schleusingen.  The  power  Ltation,  which  will  have  a  temporary 
capacity  of  14,000  H.P.,  will  be  located  near  Altenbreitungen  a.d. 
Werra. 

The  municipal  authorities  of  Ilagen,  Westphalia,  are  reported  to 
have  placed  an  order  with  Messrs,  Brown,  Boveri  A:  Co,,  of  Mann- 
heim, for  what  it  is  claimed  will  be  the  largest  steam  turbine  and 
dynamo  so  far  built.  It  will  be  of  35,000  H.P.,  and  is  to  be  added 
to  the  plant  at  the  municipal  central  station  at  Hagen. 

Cromer. — At  a  meeting  of  the  U.D.C.  on  .January  l:;th 
it  was  decided  that  the  proposed  transfer  of  the  electric  lighting 
undertaking  to  Messrs.  Edmnndsonfi  should  remain  in  abeyance 
with  a  view  to  a  referendum  of  all  ,the  ratepayers  being  taken  at 
once  on  the  question. 

CrO}(lon. — 'I'he  B.C.  has  sanctioned  the  sinking  of  a  well 
at  the  electricity  works  at  a  cost  of  £1,200,  Owing  to  the 
proximity  of  the  River  Wandle,  the  amount  of  water  to  be  ex- 
tracted must  not  exceed  an  average  of  4,000  gallons  per  liour  in 
any  period  of  30  days. 

llaMiisb. — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  increase  the 
number  of  street  electric  lamps  by  30. 

Ealing. — The  chairman  and  borough  electrical  engineer 
have  been  instructed  by  the  B.C.  to  make  inquiries  and  report 
upon  a  letter  received  from  Messrs.  Handcock  it  Dykes,  on  behalf 
of  the  Fixed  Price  Lighting  Co.,  for  putting  its  scheme  into 
operation  in  this  district. 

The  B.C.  has  decided  that  in  future  the  charge  for  electric  current 
supplied  for  outside  illuminated  signs  and  for  outside  incandesesent 
shop  lighting  shall  be  4d.  per  unit. 

Edinburgh. — In  spite  of  protests  from  the  electrical 
trade  of  the  city,  the  Corporation  has  decided  to  retain  in  its  prov. 
order  the  clause  which  gives  it  power  to  sell  and  hire  electrical 
apparatus.  In  one  respect,  however,  the  recent  deputation  from 
the  traders  heard  by  the  Council  has  prevailed,  for  the  Corporation 
will  not  carry  out  any  wiring,  Mr.  Walter  Finlay,  who  speaks  on 
behalf  of  the  traders,  eays  what  they  desire  is  freedom  from  late- 
aided  competition,  which  is  the  most  serious  menace  that  can  be 
met  with  so  far  as  they  are  concerned.  They  contend  that  in 
Edinburgh  there  are  ample  showrooms  for  the  consumers  to  see  the 
most  recent  electrical  appliances. 

Epsom. — A  town's  meeting  was  held  on  the  loth  inst.  to 
consider  the  Bill  which  the  U.D.C.  proposed  to  promote  in  Parlia- 
ment in  order  to  provide  further  powers  in  connection  with  the 
municipal  electricity  and  water  undertakings  and  other  matters. 
On  behalf  of  the  Council,  it  was  stated  that  the  electricity  under- 
taking was  costing  the  town  £1,120  less  than  in  1908,  and  that  a 
proposal  was  to  be  immediately  considered  to  reduce  the  price  of 
current  for  power  purposes  from  2jd.  to  Ijd.  per  unit,  A  vote  waa 
taken  which  showed  a  majority  of  about  2  to  1  against  the  Bill. 

The  R.D.C,  on  January  15th,  approved  of  plans  for  the 
extension  of  the  mains  of  the  Leatherhead  and  District  Elec- 
tricity Co.  from  Fetcham  to  the  Effingham  district.  The  com- 
pany has  also  submitted  a  draft  prov.  order  for  electric  light 
in  the  parishes  of  Cobham,  Stoke  O'Abernon,  Great  Bookham, 
and  Little  Bookham,  and  this  was  referred  to  a  Committee. 

GlasgOM', —  A  special  Sub-Committee  of  the  Electricity 
Committee  has  been  appointed  to  consider  and  report  on  a  letter 
submitted  on  behalf  of  a  number  of  electrical  firms  in  Glasgow,  for 
the  organisation,  under  the  auspices  of  the  T.C  .  of  an  Electrical 
Manufacturers'  Exhibition  in  the  city. 

Cilnildford. — .\n  application  has  been  made  by  the  Elec- 
tricity Supply  Co.,  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  consent  to  construct  a 
generating  station  on  land  adjoining  the  existing  works  of  the 
company. 

Hel&by. — The  P.C.  is  considering  the  advisability  of 
utilising  electricity  at  the  sewerage  works,  and  an  estimate  of  the 
cost,  as  compared  with  gas,  is  being  prepared. 

Hendon. — The  Colne  Valley  Electricity  Supply  Co.  has 
agreed  to  the  R.D.C.  s  suggestions  that  the  price  of  current  should 
be  fixed  at  lid.  per  unit  for  lighting  and  3d,  for  power,  and  that  a 
clause  should  be  included  in  the  proposed  prov.  order  giving  the 
Council  the  option  of  purchasing  the  undertaking  on  the  expiration 
of  21  years.  Lender  these  circumstances  the  Councirs  opposition  to 
the  scheme  is  to  be  withdrawn. 

Iloddfsdon.— The  B.  of  T.  has  revoked  the  1901  E.L. 
Order. 

Hove. — A  statutory  town's  meeting  was  held  on  January 
17th  to  decided  whether  the  Corporation  shall  promote  a  Bill  in 
Parliament  for  the  purchase  of  the  Hove  E.L.  Co.'s  undertaking. 
The  Mayor  pointed  out  that  the  purchase  had  been  decided  on,  and 
it  was  now  det-ired  to  obtain  Parliamentary  powers,  as  it  was  hoped 
that  the  repayment  would  then  be  extended  over  40  years,  while 
the  alternative  of  L.G.B.'s  sanctions  would  probably  mean  repayment 
in  15  to  20  years.  The  loan  repayment  for  40  years  would  only 
amount  to  £9,500  per  annum,  and  would  be  about  £14,000  for 
20  years.  The  letolntion  was  lost  on  a  vote,  and  a  poll  of  the  rate- 
payers ha?  been  demanded. 


Vol.72.   No.  i.8!ift,  jANnAKY2»,  1913.]     THI-:    FJiKCTltK'Ali    KKVIKW. 


189 


kiiiKlitoii  (ItailiiorNliirr), — A  larpcly-nttendcd  tiicetinjj 

of  rateimycrH  hiiH  by  an  HlinoHt  iinniiitnouH  vote  roHolvpd  that  th« 
private  ooiiipaiiy  whii^h  had  applied  fur  poriniHnioii  Hhoiild  und<;r- 
take  tho  eleutrio  lit,'litiiit;  Hcheinu,  Hubjuot  to  itH  bcini;  acciuirid  by 
the  Oounoil  at  a  future  dato. 

Liverpool. — Kmlher  cxtciiKions  firo  proposed  at  the 
Tjintor-Drivu  |>uwor  Htation,  whore  additionB  wore  made  in  the 
early  part  of  last  year  by  tho  iuHtallation  of  two  2,000-KW. 
n.c.  turboponeratorw,  and  two  :i,5(K»-KW.  turbo-altornator.".  At 
the  mt)«tiiiK-  of  the  Electrical  Sub-Coniraittce  on  January  17tb, 
a  report  wbh  rcceivt'd  from  Mr.  IF.  Dickinson,  chief  electrical 
eD)!;incer,  on  tho  projwsjHl  further  extension  of  the  works. 
Owintr  to  the  layintr  of  additional  tramways,  and  the  increase 
in  the  number  of  cars  running  besides  the  considerably  increased 
demand  for  current,  the  sreneratinir  plant  at  Lister-Drive  has 
required  to  be  not  only  modernised,  but  considerably  increased  in 
capacity.  The  report  recommends  an  increase  capable  of  meeting 
present  and  future  needs  for  many  years  to  come.  As  the  details 
were  considerable,  the  Committee  decided  to  take  time  for  each 
member  to  study  the  scheme  for  himself,  and  it  was  agreed  to  deal 
with  it  at  a  subsequent  meeting. 

LonjT  Eaton. — The  U.D.C.  on  Monday  gave  instructions 

for  plans,  specifications  and  estimates  to  be  prepared  for  extensions 
at  the  electricity  works,  with  a  view  to  a  loan  of  £8,000  being 
applied  for.  The  proposals  are  to  install  a  oOO-KW.  steam  dynamo 
and  accessories,  a  Babcock  it  Wilcox  water-tube  boiler,  and  erect 
an  engine  room,  boiler  room  and  office  extensions. 

LondOD. — Bermondskv. — An  addition  has  been  made 
to  the  assessment  of  the  undertaking  of  £1,195  grosp,  and  £530 
rateable,  in  respect  of  the  recent  additions  to  the  generating 
station. 

Hackney. — The  Electricity  Committee  reports  having  had 
under  consideration  the  necessity  of  proceeding  with  the  first  part 
of  the  system  of  ring  mains,  sub-etations  and  sub-feeders  in  con- 
nection with  the  scheme  adopted  in  March  last  for  the  extension 
of  the  undertaking.  The  maximum  demands  this  year  have 
already  exceeded  what  was  anticipated  for  next  January,  viz., 
4,150  KW.,  and  the  strain  of  the  heavy  load  was  being  acutely  felt 
upon  the  mains  and  plant.  A.  site  for  the  northern 
sub-station,  the  Committee  state?,  has  been  obtained,  and  immediate 
steps  should  be  taken  to  secure  sites  for  the  south-eastern  and 
south-western  sub-stations.  The  immediate  load  that  will  be 
dealt  with  by  these  sub-stations  will  be  approximately  1,700  KW., 
and  to  meet  this  load  plant  should  be  provided  having  a  total 
capacity  of  3,000  KW.  With  regard  to  the  system  of  ring  mains 
the  Committee  proposes  to  lay  fibre  ducts  which  will  accommodate 
cables  for  12,000  kw.,  with  telephone  cable  and  pilot  wires.  At 
present  provision  was  being  made  for  drawing  in  one  cable  only  to 
deal  with  a  load  of  3,000  kw.  when  fed  from  both  ends,  or  1,500  kw. 
in  the  event  of  a  fault  occurring  in  the  worst  possible  position. 
For  the  transmission  of  the  low-tension  current  from  the  gene- 
rating and  sub-stations,  it  is  proposed  to  use  the  existing 
feeder  cables  and  to  run  out  several  new  cables  from  the  sub- 
stations. The  general  principle  of  the  proposed  arrangements  is 
to  increase  the  capacity  of  the  feeders  to  existing  feeding  centres  by 
joining  existing  cables  in  parallel,  so  that  these  centres  may  still  be 
supplied  from  the  generating  works,  at  low  pressure  and  with- 
out excessive  loss,  while  the  ends  of  the  longer  feeders 
will  be  cut  off  and  connected  to  the  sub-stations.  The 
Committee  recommends  (1)  that  the  proposed  scheme  of  extensions 
be  approved  :  (2)  that  tenders  be  invited  for  the  erection  of  the 
three  sub-station  buildings  and  the  sub-station  plant :  (3)  that  the 
necessary  cables  and  twxesbe  purchased  under  the  current  contracts 
for  theee  materials,  and  that  tenders  be  invited  for  supplying  and 
laying  the  conduits,  kc.  ;  (,4)  that  application  be  made  to  the 
L.C.C.  for  loans  aggregating  £53,550. 

Poplar.— As  loans  of  £2,885  for  buOdings,  £1,000  for  mains, 
and  £2,115  for  machinery  are  required  in  respect  of  extensions  to 
the  electricity  undertaking,  and  as  no  better  terms  than  4  per  cent, 
can  be  obtained,  it  has  been  decided  to  borrow  the  machinery 
amount  from  the  Council's  superannuation  and  pension  fund  at 
4  per  cent,  interest,  and  the  two  remaining  items  from  the  L.C.C. 

Shobeditch. — The  Lighting  Committee  reports  having  carried 
out  experiments  over  a  long  period  with  a  new  type  of  flame  lamp 
for  the  purpose  of  improving  street  lighting.  The  electrical  engi- 
neer reports  that  if  magazine  type  flame  arc  lamps  are  adopted,  not 
only  will  a  great  saving  be  eflfected  after  the  new  lamps  are  paid 
for,  but  an  increase  of  nearly  100  per  cent,  will  be  gained  in  illu- 
minating power.  It  is  estimated  that  the  saving  per  annum  on  a 
circuit  of  2 1  lamps,  includiner  current  and  attendance,  after  allow- 
ing for  the  slightly  increased  cost  of  carbons,  will  be  about  £124. 
After  fully  considering  the  matter  and  in  view  of  the  great  increase 
of  vehicular  traffic,  also  in  the  speed  of  all  kinds  of  motor  traffic, 
the  Committee  expresses  the  opinion  that  the  improved  lighting  of 
the  streets,  especially  main  thoroughfares,  is  of  urgent  importance, 
and  it  has  decided  to  purchase  ittj  lamps  as  follows  : — 48  'Metro- 
flam  "  arc  lamps,  burning  70-80  hours,  from  Johnson  &  Phillips,  at 
£9  lOs.  each,  and  48  "  Angold  "  arc  lamps,  burning  90  hours,  from 
the  General  Electric  Co.,  at  £10  each.  An  expenditure  of  £300 
has  been  approved  for  the  supply  of  new  meters. 

Lowestoft.— The  electrical  engineer  reports  that  the  total 
receipts  of  the  undertaking  amounted  last  year  to  £15,992,  which 
shows  an  increase  of  £163  on  the  year's  work,  and  which,  after 
paying  all  working  expenses  and  small  extensions,  left  a  gross  profit 
of  £7,489,  which  is  equal  to  7i  per  cent,  on  the  outlay.  From  this 
amount  must  be  deducted  payments  made  out  of  appropriation 
account  for  some  work  which  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  carry 


out.  Tho  intoreht  and  uinking  fund  chariren  hfiv;  inortAi'O'l  from 
£fi,7fi7  to  iJ7,2M:t.  Thin  largo  incrruiie  m  unlirely  duo  to  ttn'  nhort 
loans  which  tho  L.(i.l(.  in  now  only  allowing.  The  total  number 
of  unitH  gcnerati'il  aiiiounl.t  to  1,. '07, 990,  vhowing  an  increaiiC  of 
99,753. 

NaiiHtieht  Woo«IIiouhc. — The  U.D.C.  Ims  decided  t/) 
have  certain  thoroughfarow  lighted  by  electricity.  Double  lW>c  r. 
lamp.4  will  l>c  chargod  £10  each  per  annum,  and  double  Ai)'(;.p. 
lamps  £5  10m.  per  annum.  Under  agreement  with  the  Manitflold 
T.C,  current  will  be  Hupplie<l  under  the  maximum  demand  fyittem 
at  7(1.  and  2d.,  an<i  on  the  tlattntc  at  4  Jd.  per  unit  for  lighting  ; 
and  for  power  at  4d.  and  Id. 

Narrate. — The  T.C.  propogfn  to  install  three  lifts  in  the 
town,  one  from  tho  Fort  Promenade  to  tho  Lower  Promenade  : 
another  at  Newgate  Oapway  :  and  n  third  from  tho  Cliffs  to  the 
Lower  Promenade  at  Palm  liay.  The  Work*  Committee  i»  to  pre- 
pare a  report  as  to-the  cost,  iic. 

Niddleton. — The  ii[)pli(ation  of  the  'I'.C.  for  sanction 
to  borrow  £7,200  for  the  purposes  of  the  electricity  ondertaking 
was  inquired  into  by  Mr.  T.  C.  Ekin,  of  the  L.G.B.,  on  January  I7tb. 
Mr.  S.  Pauls,  borough  electrical  engineer,  gave  particulars  of  the 
requirements,  which  showed  that  out  of  the  £7,200,  it  was  intended 
to  expend  £5,200  on  cables,  and  the  remainder  on  a  steam  dynamo, 
and  accessories.  The  Committee  had  been  spending  some  £900  a 
year  on  mains,  and  he  estimated  that  to  meet  th«  great  demand  for 
current  it  would  have  to  spend  £1,000  in  the  future.  The  Garden 
City  accounted  for  a  large  increase,  as  well  an  the  improvements  in 
lighting.  He  was  quite  satisfied  that  they  would  be  able  to  spend 
the  money  within  the  next  three  years.  There  was  no  opposition. 
In  connection  with  this  scheme,  the  Council  h^s  placed  a  contract 
with  the  Lanca.shire  Dynamo  and  Motor  Co.  for  a  300-400-KW. 
dynamo,  and  with  Messrs.  Belliss  for  an  engine. 

0is«tt. — The  R.D.C.  has  consented  to  the  application  of 

the  County  of  London  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  prov.  order 
for  electric  light  in  the  rural'area. 

Portslade. — The  U.D.C.  has  resolved  not  to  approve 
of  the  Bill  of  the  Hove  T.C.  to  purchase  the  undertaking  of  the 
Hove  Electric  Light  Co.,  owing  to  Portslade  being  included  in  the 
area  of  supply,  and  to  request  the  Hove  Corporation  to  strike  out 
everything  contained  in  the  Bill  affecting  the  urban  district. 

Qneeusferry    (Ches.).— The    lighting   of  the  district 

has  been  under  consideration  for  some  time,  both  by  the  PC.  and 
the  West  Saltney  R.D.C,  and  the  latter  authority  at  its  last  meet- 
ing approved  a  resolution,  passed  by  a  ratepayers'  meeting,  that 
steps  be  taken  to  have  Qneensferry  lighted  by  electricity.  Mr.  T.  M. 
Dutton,  who  was  present  at  the  meeting  of  Queensferry  ratepayers, 
considered  that  a  suitable  plant  could  be  put  down  for  about  £1,500, 
and  he  suggested  that  a  deputation  should  view  the  scheme  in 
operation  in  Caergwrle.  The  estimate  referred  to  had,  he  said, 
been  sent  in  by  Sandycrofts,  Ltd.,  but  he  was  simply  there  to 
explain  the  scheme  as  an  interested  ratepayer,  having  severed  his 
connection  with  that  company.  An  amendment,  suggesting  that 
the  Ccnnahs  Quay  Gas  Co.  be  again  approached  before  anything 
definite  was  done,  was  rejected  by  a  large  majority. 

Rawtenstall. — A  new  engine  room  has  been  added  to 
the  electrical  generating  station,  with  a  1,000-h.p.  Belliss  engine 
and  three-phase  alternator.  The  alternator  has  been  made  by  the 
General  Electric  Co.,  and  supplies  current  at  a  pressure  of 
3,000  volts.  A  second  set  which  is  being  placed  in  the  power 
house  is  an  exact  replica  of  the  one  above-mentioned.  Three  con- 
densers of  the  ejector  type  have  been  installed,  and  a  fourth  is 
being  added.  A  new  intake,  with  screening  apparatus,  has  also 
been  installed,  and  a  new  boiler  by  Messrs.  Yates  &  Thorn.  The 
demand  for  current  is  increasing  so  fast  in  both  Bacup  and 
Rawtenstall,  that  there  is  practically  a  full  load  waiting  for  th 
extended  plant. 

Rochdale. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Corporation  Gas  and 
Electricity  Committee  last  week,  a  letter  was  read  from  the  Salford 
Corporation  thanking  the  Committee  for  the  help  rendered  at  the 
time  of  the  disastrous  fire  at  Salford.  One  of  the  members  of  the 
Committee  asked  the  electrical  engineer  if  the  Rochdale  works  were 
reasonably  safe  gainst  such  a  calamitous  outbreak,  and  Mr. 
Atchison  replied  that  it  was  practically  impossible  for  the  Rochdale 
works,  constructed  as  they  are,  to  be  burnt  out,  and  as  far  as  human 
foresight  could  do  it,  they  were  safeguarded  against  serious  result* 
from  fire. 

Romford.— After  discnssing  the  matter  /«  ratuera,  the 
Finance  and  Parliamentary  Committee  of  the  U.D.C.  has  further 
deferred  action  with  regard  to  the  applications  for  prov.  orders  for 
electric  supply  by  the  London  Electric  Supply  Co.  and  Mr.  W.  T. 
Pressland.     Further  information  is  to  be  obtained. 

Sanderstead.— At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Parochial  Com- 
mittee, it  was  stated  that  the  County  of  London  Co.  had  written  to 
the  Coulsdon  and  Beddington  Councils,  offering  to  light  the  streets 
under  their  jurisdiction  at  a  moderate  rate  now  that  the  company 
was  bringing  its  own  h.t.  supply  from  Wandsworth.  The  Committee 
decided  to  write  to  the  company,  asking  its  charges  and  what  roads 
would  be  included. 

Scatborougb. — The  Corporation  has  appointed  a  special 

committee  to  consider  and  report  upon  the  question  of  the  exercise 
of  its  right  of  purchase  of  the  local  electric  lighting  undertaking. 


140 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW,         [Vol.  72.    No.  1,835,  January  21, 1913. 


South  Africa. — 'I'he  Paarl  Cape  Province  ratepayers 
have  sanctioned  the  raiBingr  of  a  loan  of  £35,000  to  be  expended  on 
an  electric  lipht  installation.  The  echeme  proposes  to  use  water 
as  the  prime  motive  power,  and  this  is  to  be  obtained  from  the 
Nantes  and  Bethal  streams  and  stored  in  a  reservoir  on  the  mountain. 
The  reservoir  will  have  a  storapre  capacity  of  121,000,000  KallonH. 
The  engineer  for  the  scheme  in  Mr.  Thomas  Stewart,  M.I.C.E.,  of 
Cape  Town.  The  dam  is  estimated  to  cost  £22,000,  plant  and  power 
station  £5.1iKi,  and  12  miles  of  street  lights  and  mains  for  private 
consumers  £",.'<(!."). 

Sootliampton. — The  Corporation  electricity  department 
has  )ust  issued  a  well-printed  booklet  on  'Heating  by  Electricity." 
A  view  on  the  cover  shows  the  eaterior  of  the  up-to-date  show- 
rooms at  Above  Bar,  and  the  contents  deal  concisely  with  the 
various  phases  of  electrical  heating,  which,  as  our  readers  are 
aware,  has  been  energetically  introduced  by  the  local  electricity 
department  with  very  successful  results.  Included  in  the  booklet 
is  a  list  of  a  dozen  local  contractors. 

Snrbiton. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  District  Council, 
the  report  of  Mr.  J.  T.  C.  Snell  on  the  electricity  undertaking  for  the 
six  months  ended  September  30th,  1912,  was  considered.  During 
the  half-year  114,848  units  were  sold  at  an  average  price  of  I'Sd. 
per  unit,  as  against  98,4'."3  units  at  -t'Od.  in  the  previous  year,  or  an 
increase  of  10,353  units,  equivalent  to  lti'6  per  cent.,  which  he  con- 
sidered most  satisfactory. 

Swansea. — The  electrical  engineer  has  been  instructed 
to  prepare  the  necessary  specifications,  &c.,  for  installing  electric 
light  at  the  new  training  college,  and  tenders  are  to  be  invited  for 
carrying  out  the  work. 

Swinton. — An  arrangement  has  been  made  between  the 
District  Council  and  the  Lancashire  Electric  Power  Co.  whereby  it 
will  soon  be  possible  for  the  Broad  Oak  Park  area  at  Swinton  to 
have  a  supply  of  electricity  for  lighting  purposes.  Subject  to  the 
sanction  of  the  L.G.B.,  it  has  been  arranged  that  the  company  shall 
deliver  electricity  at  high  pressure  at  the  Council's  boundary  at 
Sindsley,  and  the  Council  will  erect  a  transformer  and  lay  supply 
cables  through  the  park.  The  clerk  has  been  in.structed  to  make 
application  for  the  necessary  powers  and  for  a  loan  of  £600,  and  it 
is  expected  that  the  work  will  be  proceeded  with  as  soon  as  sanction 
is  obtained. 

I'rnjfaay. — According  to  the  Beview  of  Ihe  Riror  Plate, 
the  Government  has  issued  specifications  for  the  erection  of  electric 
light  works  in  various  cities  and  towns.  The  Iti  installations  are 
divided  into  five  groups;  group  "A"  comprises  La  Paz  and  Las 
Piedras,  which  will  receive  their  current  from  the  Monte  Video 
station.  Group  "  B  "  comprises  Guadalupe,  Pando  and  Santa  Rosa, 
which  will  each  have  their  own  station.  Group  "  C  "  comprises 
San  Eagenio  and  San  Fructuoso,  each  with  its  own  station,  and 
Maldonado,  San  Carlos  and  Punta  del  Este,  which  would  be  served 
from  a  station  at  Maldonado.  Group  "  D "  comprises  Dolorep, 
Nupva  Palmira  and  Rosario,  each  with  their  own  station.  Group 
'■  E  "  comprises  Batlle  y  Ordonez,  Sarandi  del  Yiand  Treintay  Tres, 
each  with  their  own  station. 

Venezuela. — In  our  note  of  last  week,  for  the  Harbour 
of  "  Caracas  ■'  read  "  Coracjao." 

Wallasey. — It  is  anticipated  that  at  the  next  meeting 
of  the  Council  the  chairman  of  the  Electricity  Committee  will  bring 
forward  a  scheme  for  extending  the  electricity  undertaking  at  a 
cost  e.stimated  at  £()5.000.  For  some  considerable  time  past  the 
demand  for  current  for  power  purposes  ha.s  exceeded  the  supply,  in 
addition  to  which  an  application  was  recently  received  from  a  local 
business  concern  for  an  annual  supply  of  3,000,000  units.  The 
responsible  committee  in  the  past  has,  however,  failed  to  keep 
abreast  with  the  times,  the  consequence  being  that  the  existing  plant 
at  the  electricity  station  in  Seaview  Road,  Liscard,  is  quite 
inadequate  for  present-day  requirements.  The  new  Committee 
proposes  to  remedy  this  and  to  embark  upon  a  policy  of  a  decidedly 
progressive  character.  The  proposal  is  to  erect,  at  an  estimated 
expenditure  of  £GO,(iOO-£65,000,  a  new  power  station  in  the 
Poulton  area,  whence  it  is  anticipated  there  will  be  a  goodly 
number  of  consumers  from  the  many  industrial  undertakings 
situated  in  the  neighbourhood.  In  addition  to  this,  power  could 
be  provided  for  working  the  tramway  service  at  a  cheaper  rate  than 
at  the  present  time.  It  is  thought  an  adequate  extension  and 
development  of  the  electricity  undertaking  will  have  an  important 
bearing  upon  the  prosperity  of  the  town. 

Watford. — A  provisional  order  is  to  be  promoted  next 
autumn  for  giving  a  supply  to  Bashey. 

Whitstable. — At  a  meeting  of  the  U.D.C.,  on  January 
14th,  Messrs.  G.  Slalnton,  Campbell  and  Norman  attended  respect- 
ing the  proposed  electric  lighting  scheme.  The  Council  was 
asked  to  grant  permission  for  Mr.  Campbell,  on  behalf  of  a  com- 
pany, to  install  an  electric  light  system  in  the  town  by  means  of 
overhead  wires,  to  utilise  electricity  for  public  lighting  and  sewer- 
age pumping,  and  to  undertake  not  to  oppose  the  application  for  a 
prov.  order.  Mr.  .Stainton  said  the  company  would  supply  50  or 
60-c.r.  lamps  at  £3  5s.  per  annum,  against  £3  lii.s.  at  present  paid 
for  gas  lamps,  X^e  ('juncil  will  consider  the  matter  at  a  special 
jnecting. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Blackpool. — The  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee 
has  decided  that  application  be  made  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  sanction  to 
borrow  £10,000  for  the  following  extensions  of  the  Corporation's 
tramway  undertaking  :-  Extension  of  Marton  tram  der6t ;  exten- 
sion of  workshop  accommodation,  Blundell  Street  depot  ;  extension 
of  storage  accommodation,  Blundell  Street  depot;  six  new  open- 
type  tramcars  and  electrical  equipment  therefor,  and  cables, 
sundries  and  accessories. 

Itournenioutli. — The  long-debated  question  of  Sunday 
running  of  the  cars  has  at  last  been  decided  by  a  poll  of 
the  ratepayers,  when  4,7  IG  voted  for  and  4,268  against  the  proposal, 
showing  a  majority  in  favour  of  448.  A  similar  poll  in  1906 
resulted  in  a  majority  of  903  against  Sunday  running. 

Continental  Notes. — Austria. — The  construction  of  an 

electric  tramway  between  the  towns  of  Parbuditz  and  Sezemitz, 
Bohemia,  has  been  decided  upon. 

FUANCE. — A  company  styled  the  Chemins-de-fer  Electriques  de 
la  Champagne  has  been  constituted  for  the  building  and  working  of 
a  network  of  local  railways  in  the  Ddpartements  de  I'Aube  et  de 
rYonne.  The  gauge  of  the  railways  is  1  metre,  and  the  extent  of 
the  system  194  km.  Single-phase  current  is  to  be  used,  and  the 
company  will  draw  a  portion  of  its  supply  from  the  Soci6t6 
Lyonnaise  des  Eaux  et  de  I'Eclairage.  A  concession  for  50  years 
has  been  secured. — La  Lnmiirc  Electriqvc. 

Croydon. — The  Tramways  Committee  of  the  B.C.  re- 
ported on  Monday  that  it  had  considered  a  proposal  from  the 
L.C.C.  for  the  running  of  through  cars  between  London  and 
Croydon.  Having  regard  to  the  capital  expenditure,  estimated  at 
about  £60,000,  which  would  be  involved  in  adapting  the  Croydon 
system  to  suit  the  L.C.C.  cars,  the  Committee  recommended  that 
the  proposal  be  not  entertained  at  the  present  time.  The  Com- 
mittee also  had  under  consideration  reports  by  the  town  clerk  and 
other  oflBcials  regarding  the  powers  of  the  Council  in  the  matter 
of  compulsory  purchase  of  the  portion  of  the  South  Metropolitan 
Electric  Tramways  within  the  borough.  Having  regard  to  the 
whole  of  the  circumstances,  the  Committee  recommended  that  those 
powers  should  not  be  exercised  "  at  the  present  period."  The 
routes  affected  are  between  the  West  Croydon  terminus  and  the 
borough  boundary  (close  to  Mitcham  Common),  and  from  Church 
Street  to  the  borough  boundary  in  Stafford  Road,  Wallington  (on 
the  Sutton  line).  These  recommendations  were  adopted.  There 
was  a  long  discussion  over  the  Whitehorse  Road  route,  which  has 
been  run  at  a  loss  since  November,  1906,  except  for  a  period  when 
it  was  closed.  The  manager  (Mr.  T.  B.  Goodyer)  submitted  an 
analysis  of  receipts,  expenses,  &c.,  for  December  2l8t  and 
January  3rd,  representing  losses  of  £963  and  £1,573  respectively 
annually. 

Dondee.  —  The  Corporation  Tramway  Committee  has 
delayed  for  three  months  consideration  of  the  proposal  to  extend 
the  raUless  traction  system  from  Clepingtou  Road  to  Lochee.  Mr 
P.  Fisher,  the  manager,  estimates  the  cost  of  equipping  the  pro- 
posed route  at  £1,000.  Two  additional  cars  would  be  required  at 
£700  each,  bringing  the  estimated  total  capital  expenditure  to 
£2,400.  Mr.  Fisher  says  the  system  has  worked  smoothly,  and  is 
as  reliable  as  an  ordinary  tramway  service.  The  earnings  on 
certain  days,  reaching  as  high  as  25'3d.  per  mile  run,  proved  that 
with  this  system  heavy  traffic  could  be  successfully  dealt  with.  In 
this  quiet  winter  time,  from  2,000  to  3,000  persons  were  using  the 
cars  every  week.  The  service  proposed,  he  states,  would  be  of 
considerable  public  benefit,  and  undoubtedly  a  traffic  would  be 
developed  which  in  time  would  be  a  paying  one. 

Glasi^ow. — The  T.C.'s  Sub-Committee  on  Extensions  is 
to  consider  the  advisability,  in  the  event  of  the  route>  being  extended 
from  Baillieston  to  Coatbridge,  of  a  further  extension  to  Airdrie,  as 
well  as  an  extension  from  the  present  line  at  Clydebank  to 
Duntocher  and  Hardgate. 

lIolvMell. — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  take  up  £8,000 
worth  of  shares  in  the  Mid-Flintshire  Light  Railway,  subject  to 
approval  at  a  ratepayers'  meeting.  The  R.D.C.  has  also  decided  to 
take  shares  to  the  value  of  £7,000,  subject  to  the  approval  of 
the  L.G.B. 

li'lain. — The  T.C.  has  been  considering  the  question  of 
installing  a  railless  trolley  system,  or  running  motor-'buses, 
but  the  matter  is  not  going  to  be  proceeded  with  at  present.  The 
clerk  informed  the  Council  last  week  that  a  private  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment, costing  anything  from  £200  to  £1,000,  would  be  necessary, 
and  also  that  the  proprietor  of  the  present  horse  'bus  system 
declared  that  the  passenger  traffic  did  not  pay.  In  view  of  those 
facts,  the  suggested  conference  with  local  employers  on  the  matter 
was  not  considered  necessary. 

Leitli. — The  Tramways  Committee  of  the  T.C. 
has  asked  the  Management  Sub-Committee  to  report  upon  the 
proposal  to  form  an  extension  of  the  tramways  from  Seafield 
terminus  to  King's  Road,  Portobello. 

London. — Isr.ixoTO.v. — A  p<'tition  is  to  be  lodged  against 

the  L.C.C.  (Tramways,  Trolley  Vehicles  and  Improvements)  Bill,  for 
the  protection  of  the  Council's  interests.  The  Committee  in  charge 
of  the  matter  states  that,  as  regards  the  proposal  to  work  trolley 
vehicles,  such  powers,  if  obtained,  will  create  a  pre<>edent  which 
may  render  valueless  the  power  of  veto  conferred  upon  Metropolitan 
Borough  CounoilB  by  Sec,  23  of  the  L.C.C.  (Electrical  Power)  Act 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8:i:,,jan.,ahv2i,  i'.)i;t.i     TIIE    ELECTRTCATi    KEVIEW. 


141 


1900,  wliich  prohibilH  the  pliioini;  of  wircH  iii  nny  Htrctt  for  iin 
ovorbciid  HyMtcm  of  tracitioii  iuiIumm  thn  Council  of  tho  llorouirh  in 
which  Buoh  stroct  ih  Hituato  han  conHontcd  thereto.  It  iH  doubtful 
whether  tho  Council  has  a  luriin  utaiidi  to  oppowi  tho  prewnt  IJill 
when  in  Committee  of  tho  IIouho  of  CommonH  an  tcghuU  thiH  point, 
but  it  may  become  neceHwary  at  a  H\ibpcqueiit  »ta(fe  for  tho 
Council  to  take  action  for  tho  protection  of  IIh  intercuts. 

Liverpool. — The  Tramways  and  Klectiicity  Committee 
on  January  17th  conBidered  the  estimates  for  lltl3,  and  found 
itBelf  in  a  pOHition  to  allocate  ii!l7,0()0  to  the  relief  of  the  rates,  a 
sum  oiiual  to  a  rate  of  (ijd.  in  the  £.  The  profit  has  acorued,  as 
to  jC ("17,000  on  the  tramways  undertakinpr,  and  as  to  £30,000  on 
electric  power  and  li|;htin^'.  This  is  compared  with  £38,000  and 
£25,000  respectively  in  I'.dl. 

Matloch. — A  special  meetirif^  of  tlic  D.C  is  to  be  held 
to  consider  what  steps  should  be  taken  with  rejjard  to  the  working 
of  the  cftV)le  tramways. 

Oldham, — It  is  stated  that  the  Tramways  Committee 
will  probably  place  the  order  for  two  motor-'buses  shortly. 

Sheffield. — The  City  Council  has  adopted  the  proposal 
of  the  Tramways  and  Electric  Lipht  Joint  Committee  for  connect- 
ing the  power  stations,  so  that  the  supply  from  both  may  be  avail- 
able for  the  tramways. 

Soutbport. — Mr.  Mallins,  of  the  Liverpool  Tramways, 
recently  made  several  recommendations  to  the  Tramways  Com- 
mittee in  regard  to  the  reorganisation  of  the  tramway  service,  and 
the  Sub-Committee  on  the  tramways  recommended  the  abolition  of 
all  contracts  and  preferential  fares,  except  current  contracts  and 
statutory  charges  to  the  working  classes.  At  the  T.C.  meeting 
last  week  an  amendment  for  the  continuance  of  the  contract 
tickets  was  defeated  by  27  votes  to  21.  The  T.C.  decided  to  pur- 
chase two  omnibuses  at  £900  each. 

Whitbj, — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  acquire  land  for  a 
cliff  tramway  and  lift  from  the  beach. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


The   Atlantic   Cable    Combine. — An  article   in    tlie 

Postal  Tf'lei/rap/t,  of  New  York,  suggests  that  it  is  only  a  question 
of  time  before  the  U.S.  Government  will  break  up  the  combina- 
tion which  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  has  made  in  the  trans- 
Atlantic  cable  business,  by  leasing  the  cables  of  the  Anglo- 
American  and  the  Direct  United  States  Cable  Companies,  on  the 
ground  that  it  constitutes  a  flagrant  violation  of  the  Anti-Trust 
Act  of  1890.  In  that  event  the  British  shareholders  would  have 
to  resume  possession  of  their  cables  and  work  them  without  an 
agreement  with  the  Western  Union. 

France. — A  large  wireless  station  is  shortly  to  be  con- 
structud  on  the  Bay  of  Bourgneuf,  on  the  west  coast  of  France,  at 
a  spot  two  miles  inland. 

Imperial   Wireless    System. — The   Select  Committee 

on  the  Marconi  agreement  resumed  its  sittings  on  Monday,  when 
a  letter  from  the  Marconi  Co.  to  the  Postmaster-General  was  read. 
The  letter,  which  was  a  very  long  one,  stated  that  when  the  tender 
of  March  7th  was  submitted,  the  company  supposed  that  the  agree- 
ment would  be  drawn  up  and  ratified  within  a  few  weeks,  and 
accordingly  retained  in  England  a  large  staff  of  engineers  in 
readiness  to  commence  the  work.  Instead,  however,  of  ratifying 
the  agreement  in  July,  Parliament  appointed  a  Select  Committee 
which  had  sat  for  over  three  months,  but  had  not  yet  taken 
evidence  on  long-distance  wireless  telegraphy  from  those  best 
qualified  to  give  it,  while  erroneous  statements  had  been  pub- 
lished which  were  very  detrimental  to  the  company.  The  latter 
regretted  that  the  proposed  Technical  Committee  was  not  appointed 
three  months  ago ;  the  staff  of  engineers  had  been  kept  idle 
for  many  months,  at  great  cost  to  the  company,  and  the  cost  of 
materials  had  risen  substantially  since  the  contract  was  entered 
into.  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs,  who  signed  the  letter,  submitted  that 
it  was  inequitable  that  his  company  should  remain  bound  whilst 
investigations  never  contemplated  w-ere  continued  over  an  indefinite 
period,  and  stated  that  in  order  to  maintain  the  company's  position 
here  and  abroad  their  engineers  must  be  released,  and  Mr.  Marconi 
and  he  must  be  freed  to  attend  to  other  important  work.  He 
therefore  requested  the  Government  to  agree  to  the  company's 
treating  the  contract  as  no  longer  binding  upon  either  party.  When 
the  investigations  were  completed  his  company  would  be  prepared 
to  devote  their  whole  en^sgy,  experience  and  staff  to  the  con- 
struction of  the  Imperial  stations  on  such  terms  as  might  be  then 
agreed,  if  the  Government  should  so  desire. 

In  the  meantime  Mr.  Marconi  and  the  company's  engineers 
awaited  the  opportunity  of  appearing  before  the  proposed  Technical 
Committee.  Mr.  Marconi,  who  became  a  party  to  the  agreement 
at  the  express  wish  of  the  Department,  endorsed  this  letter  so  far 
as  it  concerned  him  personally. 

The  examination  of  Sir  G.  C.  Marks,  M.P..  was  then  resumed. 
He  said  that  he  would  recommend  the  Committee  to  proceed  on 
entirely  new  lines,  asking  the  company  for  a  price  for  the  installa- 
tion independent  of  royalties,  the  sum  to  include  the  right  to  use 
their  patents.  What  the  Government  had  already  done  on  their 
ships  they  could  do  on  land  ;  consulting  engineers  could  be  asked 
to  prepare  specifications  and  carry  out  the  work.  If  Clause  3  had 
remained  in  the  agreement,  the  whole  value  of  the  Marconi  patents 


would  liavo  l)c.:n  d<'Htroy«d  diirinj:  tho  cxiHton',';  of  th'.-  ';ontr»ct, 
by  tho  operation  of  (,'lauMe  .tx  of  the  I'at4rntii  Act.  The  witneaa 
agreed  to  propuro  a  mcnioranduin  of  tho  mcdiflcationii  that  he  wonld 
propoRo  in  tho  contract. 

Mr.  Viggo  Oandil  waw  recalled,  and  repeated  bia  itatement  thftt 
Mr.  I'arnall,  of  tho  I'oMt  Olllco,  hwJ  definit<dy  offered  on  behalf  of 
tho  I'oHtinaHtor-Gencral  to  purchoHO  the  whoffi  of  the  f'uuliien 
patent  rightf.  .Mr.  Karnall  waii  alMO  recalled,  and  naid  that  he  did 
not  make  any  offer  to  buy.  Ho  wbm  inHtract«d  by  tho  I'ontmaiiter- 
General  to  find  out  whether  the  I'ouIhcu  people  were  prepar<:«l  to 
Pell  their  patcntn.  He  admitted  that  bin  previouH  annwor  did  imply 
that  there  was  an  offer  to  buy.  The  I*OMlma«ter-Gener»l  wm 
ofraid  the  Marconi  Co.  would  buy  up  tho  PoulHcn  patent*. 

On  Wednesday  tho  examination  of  .Mr.  I'arnall  won  continued  and 
concluded,  and  .Mr.  W.  K.  Lawson,  a  financial  export,  gave  evidence 

.^orway. — The  Cabinet  has  decided  to  recommend  the 
Storthing  to  approve  tho  Marconi  wireless  contract  arrani^ed  on 
behalf  of  the  State  by  M.  Heftye,  Director  of  Telegraphs. 

The  Recent  Storm.s.— Some  idea  of  the  results  of  the 
recent  snowstorms  may  bo  gathered  from  the  facts  that  approxi- 
mately l,(iOii  miles  of  telegraph  and  telephone  wires  were  down  in 
the  north-east  of  England,  and  that  for  some  days  Newcastle-on- 
Tyne  was  practically  isolated,  except  for  its  limited  means  of  com- 
munication by  underground  wires. 

Scottii^li  Telejfraphs.— A  deputation  recently  waited  on 

the  Postmaster-General,  with  a  view  to  inducing  him  to  extend  the 
underground  cable  to  Dundee  and  Aberdeen,  but  Mr.  Samuel  stated 
that  the  revenue  was  only  £16,000  a  year,  whereas  the  cost  of  the 
cable  wonld  be  £130,000.  Questioned  in  the  House  of  Commons  on 
Monday,  Mr.  Samuel  admitted  that  the  revenue  should  have  been 
stated  as  £30,000,  but  even  that  wonld  not  justify  so  heavy  an 
expenditure. 

Wireless  Telegraphy. — A  contract  has  been  placed  by 
the  Great  Western  Railway  Co.  for  the  erection  of  a  wireless  station 
close  to  Fishguard  Harbour,  to  communicate  with  the  company's 
cross-Channel  steamers. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN 


Aberdeen.— February  10th.  One  3,000-kw.  turbo- 
alternator,  with  surface  condenser  and  air  pump,  for  the  Corporation. 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Atherton. — January  29th.  One  e.h.t.  switchboard  and 
one  H.T.  switchboard  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "  GflBoial  Notices" 
December  27th. 

Australia.— ViCTORU. — February  21st.  Four  1,500- 
KW.  rotary  converters,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.  See  "OflBcial 
Notices  "  December  6th. 

Western  Austbalia.  —  February  19th.  Armoured  telegraph 
cable,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  department.  See  "  OfiEcial  Notices"  January 
10th. 

February  27th. — Buildings  and  boiler  house  equipment,  turbo- 
alternators  and  rotary  converters,  for  a  Government  power  station 
at  Perth.    See  "  OflBcial  Notices  "  to-day. 

Sydney.— March  17th.     Motors  for  the  City  Corporation. 

Belg'iuni. — Lierre. — February  28th.  Tenders  are 
invited  for  a  concession  to  install  and  work  an  electric  lighting 
service.     Particulars,  Hotel  de  Ville,  Lierre. 

Brussels  — January  29th.  Tenders  are  required  for  the  supply 
of  cable  and  accessories  for  the  Administration  of  the  Telegraphs. 
Cahier  des  charges  special  No.  3,6:^4.  Tenders  to  the  Administra- 
tion des  Teltgraphes,  Salle  de  la  JIadeleine,  Brussels. 

Birkenhead,  —  February  11th.  Continuous-current 
electricity  meters  and  house  service  fuse  boxes,  for  the  Corporation, 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Birmingham. — January  27th.  Stores  for  a  year  for  the 
Corporation  Tramways.    Mr.  A.  Baker,  manager. 

Bolton. — February  13th.  Turbo-alternatoi-s  with  con- 
densing plant,  water-tube  boilers,  economisers,  switchgear  and 
steam  feed  pumps,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  OflBcial  Notices " 
to-day. 

Bridlington. — February  >ith.  One  600-k\v.  turbo- 
generator, with  switchboard  and  pipework  extensions,  for  the 
Corporation.     See  ''  Official  Notices  '  to-day. 

Canada. — February  13th.  Machines,  motors,  cranes,  &c., 
for  Transcona  Railway  shops.  Specifications  and  forms  of  tender 
from  Mr.  W.  J.  Press,  engineer,  Ottawa. 

February  10th. —  One  1,500-KW.  steam  turbine  and  generator,  for 
the  City  of  Moose  Jaw,  Sask.     See  "Official  Notices  "  January  10th. 

Cheltenham. — January  30th.  Electric  light  fittings 
for  a  year,  for  the  T.C.  Mr.  J.  S.  Pickering,  borough  ensineei, 
Municipal  OflBces. 

China. — January  30th.  High  and  low-tension  under- 
ground cable,  for  the  Shanghai  Mimicipal  Council.  See  "  OflBcial 
Notices  '■  January  17th. 


142 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.  i.sss,  jandaby^i,  191a. 


February  6th. — Six  625  •  k.v.a.  three  -  phase  oU-oooled  trans- 
formers, for  the  Shanghai  Manioipal  CounoU.  See  "  Official 
Xotioes"  to-day. 

Clacton-on-Sra. — Fanuarj  i'.tth.  One  250-Kw.  Diesel 
oil  engrine,  penerator,  switchboard,  &c.,  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "Official 
Notices"  January  10th. 

Colchester. — February  10th.  Duplicate  motor-driven 
air-compressor  plant,  with  pipework,  cables,  switcherear,  &c.,  for  the 
Committee  of  Visitors,  Essex  and  Colchester  Asylums.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Constantine.— .January  1st,  1014.  The  contract  with 
the  local  pas  company  expiring:  in  1920,  the  Mayor  is  prepared  to 
receive  offers  from  individuals  or  companies  prepared  to  provide  a 
public  and  private  lighting  service  either  by  gas  or  electricity, 
together  or  separately,  in  separate  tenders  or  jointly.  The  conces- 
sion will  be  for  a  term  of  years,  and  tenderers  must  offer  advantages 
ia  the  shape  of  a  share  in  the  profits,  or  free  public  lighting,  and  a 
graduated  scale  of  prices  for  private  consumers.  Particulars  at  the 
Mai  tie. 

Costa  Rica. — As  only  one  tender  (from  a  French  firm) 
was  submitted  for  the  50-year  electric  tramway  concession,  the  date 
for  receipt  of  offers  has  been  extended  to  January  Hist.  Further 
particulars  appear  in  the  last  is.-sue  of  the  Jiuaid  of  Tradr  Journal. 

Dolilin. — February  18th.  Water-tube  boilerg,  econo- 
misers,  pumps,  conveying  plant,  pipework,  i&c  ,  also  boiler  seatings 
and  flue  work,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Supply  Committee. 
.See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Edinliur|(li. — The  Corporation  invites  tenders  for  the 
providing  and  fixing  in  position  at  the  Usher  Hall,  Edinburgh,  of  a 
complete  vacuum  cleaning  installation,  the  plant  to  include  a 
stationary  motor-driven  rotary  suction  pump.  Mr.  A.  Newington, 
Corporation  electrical  engineer. 

E(rjpt. — llarch  31st.  Section  des  Mnnicipalitos  invites 
tenders  for  electric  light  installation  at  Damietta.  Section  I  : 
Generating  plant  and  tools  and  machines  for  repair  shop. 
Section  II :  Distributing  system,  /.c,  transformers,  h.t.  cables, 
and  L.T.  aerial  lines.  Sir  A.  L.  Webb,  Queen  Anne's  Chambers, 
Broadway,  S.W.,  and  Mons.  le  Directeur  de  la  Section  des 
Mnnicipalitcs  et  Commissionea  Locales,  Ministere  de  I'lnterieur, 
Cairo. — Board  of  'Trade  Journal. 

Epsom. — The  Water  Co.  are  advertising  for  tenders  for 
the  installation  of  an  electrical  pumping  plant  at  their  works. 
Estimated  cost,  £4(>5. 

Fleetwood. —  February  1th.  One  500-K\v.  mixed- 
preeaure  turbine  and  continuous-current  dynamo,  with  condensing 
plant,  and  one  water-tube  boiler,  superheater  and  brickwork,  for  the 
U.D.C.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

France. — Pkronnk. —  February  l.")th.  Tenders  are 
requested  for  the  construction  of  a  reservoir  and  the  supply  and 
erection  of  motorsand  pumpa.  Lot  4,  motors  and  pumps  15,500 fr.  ; 
guarantee,  4.50  fr.  Particulars,  M.  Lagrange,  Ingcnieur  des  Fonts 
et  Chanssees,  Peronne. 

Germany.— CHAKLOTTKNiM-Rf:.— The  T.C.  will  shoitly 

be  placing  orders  for  a  6,000-kw.  turbo-dynamo  and  necessary  boikr 
plant  for  the  municipal  station.  Particulars  of  the  Magistrat, 
Charlottenburg. 

Glasgow. — The  Committee  on  Tramways,  Works  and 
stores,  has  decided  that  in  future  each  car  shall  carry  a  lifting 
jack,  and  the  general  manager,  Mr.  Dalrymple,  has  been  instructed 
to  get  orders  for  the  necessary  numlier,  over  800. 

200  electric  hand  lamps  for  members  of  the  police  force.  Mr. 
\V.  W.  Lackie,  chief  electrical  engineer,  Waterloo  Street. 

Grimsby. — February  llth.  One  1,000-kw.  mixed- 
pressure  turbine  and  continuous-current  dynamo,  with  condensicg 
plant,  for  the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-tlay. 

lloylake  and  West  Kiiby.  —  January  3ist.  High- 
tension  single-phase  switcbgear  (eight  panels)  and  one  50-k.v.a. 
single- phase  transformer,  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "Official  Notices" 
January  17th. 

Italy. — Milan. — The  scheme  to  electrify  the  tramway 
from  Milan  to  Gallarate  having  received  the  sanction  of  the  Con- 
siglio  Superiore  dei  Lavori  Pubblici,  orders  for  the  necessary  equip- 
ment may  be  forthwith  expected. 

Leeds. —  February  I'Jth.  Coal  and  general  stores  for  a 
year,  for  the  Corporation  electric  lighting  department.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

London. — Hackney. —  The  Council  will  shortly  be 
inviting  tenders  for  the  erection  of  three  sub-station  buildings  and 
plant  for  same,  opening  ground  and  t^upplying  and  laying  conduits, 
oonstructing  draw-pits,  ic,  under  the  scheme  set  out  in  Mr.  Robin- 
son 8  recent  report. 

February  4th. — The  Metropolitan  Water  Board  is  inviting  tenders 
for  Sec.  25,  electric  lamps  and  accestories,  for  one  year.  Specifica- 
ions  and  forms  of  tender  from  the  Clerk  of  the  Board,  Savoy  Court, 
Strand.  W.C. 

L.C.C.— January  29th.  Electrical  installation  at  Cook's  Ground 
Elementary  School,  Chelsea.  S.W.  Sec  "Official  Notices  ' 
r.iniiBrv   1  7th, 


Shoreditch.  —  The  B.C.  Lighting  Committee  will  purchase 
150  meters  of  various  sizes,  from  5  to  100  amperes,  as  required  for 
new  consumers. 

Hammersmith. — February  5th.  General  stores  for  a  year,  for 
the  IJ.C.  electricity  department.     See  ''  Otliciiil  Notices"  to-day. 

H.M.  Oki  ICE  OK  WoKKS.— February  5th.  Main  switches,  main 
fuses,  switch  fuse  and  fuse  boards,  for  three  years.  See  "  Official 
Notices  ■'  to-day. 

Heumondsey.— February  17th.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the  B.C. 
Electricity  Department.     See  "  Official -Notices  "  to-day. 

I\'elson. — February  3rd.  One  traction  battery,  one 
automatic  reversible  booster  and  switchgear,  one  o.c.  motor- 
generator  and  switchgear,  for  the  Electricity  and  Tramways  Com- 
mittee.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  January  1 0th. 

Salford, — February  3rd.  Rotary  convorters  fur  the 
Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Shcflield. — February  5th.  General  stores  for  two  years, 
for  the  City  Electricity  Supply  Department.  See  "  Official  Notices" 
January  17th. 

Spain. — February  8th.  The  Spanish  F'ost  and  Telegraph 
authorities  in  Madrid  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  concession  for  the 
establishment  and  working  of  a  telephone  exchange  in  the  town  of 
Ceuta. 

The  municipal  authorities  of  Toledo  have  just  invited  tenders  for 
the  concession  for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period 
of  10  years. 

Switzerland. — Lugano. — January   Slst.      Tenders  are 

required  for  the  installation  of  the  electric  light  in  the  Lugano 
Station,  the  works  including  the  supply  and  erection  of  about  2,000 
glow  lamps  and  seven  arc  lamps,  cables,  lines,  kc.  Plans  and 
particulars  from  Bureau  21,  Telegrapheninfpektion  der  Kreisdirek- 
tion,  7,  der  Schweizer  Bundesbahn,  Lucerne. 

Uruguay. — March  29th.  Five  electric  gantry  cranes 
for  Customs  warehouses  at  Monte  Video.  B.  of  T.  C.I.  Depart- 
ment in  London. 

Warrington. — February  3rd.  The  Corporation  is  calling 
for  tenders  for  an  electric  light  installation  at  the  Pablic  Baths. 
Mr.  A.  M.  Ker,  borough  electrical  engineer. 

West  Ham.  —  January  24th.  Engine-room  stores, 
chemicals  and  A.c.  house-service  wattmeters,  for  the  Council's 
electricity  department.     See  "  Official  Notices"  January  10th. 


CLOSED. 


Blackpool. — The  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee 
has  decided  to  order  from  the  United  Electric  Car  Co.,  Ltd.,  six 
open  type  tramcar.^,  similar  to  those  previously  supplied. 

(ape    Town.  —  The    City    Council    has    accepted    the 

following  tenders  : — 

W.  T.  Glover  *  Co.— 83  miles  aeri.il  braided  wire,  £618;  16  miles  vulcanised 
rubbci'-insulated  wire,  £146;  vaiions  lengths  of  psper-insulated,  lead- 
covered  and  steel-armoured  cab'e,  .£6ffi. 

Telegraph  Miinufacturing  Co.-  lO.COO  yd.  19/14  bare  copper  wire,  £ii9. 

baling. — Tenders  have  been  received  by  the  B.C.  Elec- 
tricity Committee  from  the  following  firms  for  a  new  switch- 
board : — 


Crorapton  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
British  Westiiighouse  Co.,  Ltd. 
Switchgear  Co.,  Ltd. 
Ferranti,  Ltd. 


Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd. 


Their  consideration  has  been  deferred  till  the  next  meeting  of 
the  Committee,  the  electrical  engineer  being  instructed  to  prepare 
a  schedule  and  report  thereon. 

Glasgow. — The     T.C.      has     accepted     the     following 

tenders : — 

White  lead  in  oil.— Herd,  Hastie  &  Co. 

Patent  filling.— Craig  Sharp,  Ltd. 

Slopping  place    sign-posts  and     brackets.— J.   and  A.   Law,   Ltd. ;    Walter 

Macfarlane  &  Co. 
Koute  number  plates.— P.  and  W.  MarLellan,  Ltd. 
Arc  lamp  carbons.— General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
Black  insulating  tape  —A.  Avtsine. 
Pinkston  fuel.- Wm.  Baird  &  Co.,  Ltd.;  Wm.   Dixon,  Ltd.;  R.   Addie  and 

Sons,  Ltd. 
Old  rails.— P.  and  W.  MacLellan,  Ltd. 
Trolley  cord.— W.  C.  Yuille  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  areas  recently  added  to  the  city  are  to  be  fitted  with  fire 
alarms,  in  connection  with  which  th©  following  tenders  have  been 
accepted: — W.  W.  Glover  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  £312,  for  wiring;  and 
the  Biitish  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.  £146,  for  insu- 
lators, inc. 

The  Electricity  Committee  has  renewed  the  contract  with  the 
Tudor  Accumulator  Co.,  Ltd  ,  for  the  maintenance  of  the  battery 
at  the  Govan  Electricity  Works  for  a  further  period  of  10  years  at 
the  rate  of  £202  per  annum. 

Gosport. — The  Education  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  Mr.  W.  N.  Walters,  Gosport,  for  installing  the  electric 
light  at  the  new  school  in  Stone  Lane. 

Ilendon. — Mr.  F'.  R.  Garrod  has  secured  the  order  for 
electric  lighting  and  heating  at  the  Alexandra  Club. 


Vol.73.    Ko.  i,8:ir,  JANUAUT2J,  i9i:i.l    THK    FJiKCTRKJArj    RKVIKW. 


148 


Govern ment  Contracts. — The  following  tenders  have 

been  acoepted  during  thu  pant  month  by  the  (iovernment  Departmcntx 
named  : — 

Wah  OrFicK, 
Btotago  bklterieii.— Tudor  Accnmulfttor  Co.,  Ltd. 
Eli^otrlo  cable  and  wire,— Hnoimr'a  ToloRruph  and  IndiaRiibljor  Work*, 

Ltd.:  London  Eloctrlo  Wire  Co.,  and  Umithn,  Ltd. ;  Blomiins  Broii.  and 

Co  ,  Ltd. 
Hellograpbu.— W.  Ottway  *  Co.,  Ltd. ;  BiomonH  Bro«.  «  Co.,  r,td. 
Electric  lamps.— BriiiiHdcwn  LHnip  WorkH,  Ltd.;  Cryaelco,  litd. 
Elootrio  tnotore.— Lancimliirti  Dynamo  and  Motor  Co.,  Ltd, 
Bwltchboarda,   Ao.— Urltii-h    Thomion. Houston  Co,,   Ltd.;    Cox-Walters, 

Ltd. 
Bwltohos.— Ward  A  Ooldstono. 
Installation  of  oleotrlo  light,  &o.,  Fort  Pitt  Military  Hospital,  Chatham.— 

A.  V.  Olfkins  A  Co. 
Laying  cable  at  Royal  Military  College,  Bandhurst.— Siemens  Bros,  and 

Co.,  Ltd, 

India  Opfk  k  :  Store  Departmrnt, 

Cable.— Liverpool  Electric  Cable  Co. 
Magneto  nail  sets. — Peel-Conner  Telephone  Works. 
Crown  AasNTS  for  the  Colonier. 

Ti.'legraph  poles.— Siemens  Bros.  .(■  Co.,  Ltd. 

Wireless  teletiraph  apparatus.- Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. 
Uknkual  Post  Office. 

Telephonic  apparatus.- London   Electric    Wire  Co.,   and   Smiths,  Ltd.; 

Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
Submarine  cable.— Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
Telephonic  cable.— British  Insulated  and  HelEby  Cables,  Ltd. ;  Callondar's 

Cable  and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.;   Henley's  Telegraph   Works  Co., 

Iitd. ;  Johnson  li  Phillips,  Ltd,  ;    Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd. ;    Wettern 

Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
Cases  tor  dry  colls.- Britifh  L.M.  Ericsson  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd. 
Stoneware  ducts.— Albion  Clay  Co.,  Ltd. 
Insulators.— Taylor,  Tunnicliff  *  Co.,  Ltd. 

Telegraphic  ironwork.— Bullers,  Ltd,;  Onest,  Keen  &  Nettlefolds,  Ltd. 
Bronze  wire,— T,   Bolton  &  Sons,   Ltd.;    British   Insulated  and    Helsby 

Cables,  Ltd. ;  Bhropehire  Iron  Co.,  I,td. ;  F.  Smith  &  Co.,  incorporated 

in  the  London  Electric  Wire  Co.,  and  Smiths,  Ltd, 
Rod  ?incB.— Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
Power  plant  and  wiring,  Valencia  Wireless  Telegraph  Station,  Co.  Kerry.-- 

Johnson  ijk  Phillips,  Ltd. 
Telephone    exchange    equipment,    Mansfield.  —  Peel-Ccnner    Telephone 

Works,  Ltd. 
Extension  of  No.  2  Telephone  Exchange,  Cardiff.— The   Autcmatio  Tele- 
phone Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd. 
Extensions    to    Central    Telephone    Exchange,  London,    E.C.— Western 

Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 

Ipswich.  —  The  Dock  Commission  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  Ransomes  &  Rapier,  Ltd.,  for  an  electric  travelling 
crane,  at  £1,300. 

London. —  li.C.C. — The  Highwajs  Committee  received 
tenders  as  under  for  about  3i  miles  of  grooved  trolley  wire  required 
for  the  overhead  tramways  system  : — 


T.  Bolton  &  Sons,  Ltd. 

B.I.  and  Heltby  Cables,  Ltd. 


Per  mile. 

£    s.     d. 

(accepted)    109    4    0 

..     112  11    6 

(less  2J  %) 

..     116    0    0 


Thompson  &  Co.  

For  the  supply  of   8,000  pairs  of  tramway  rail  fish-plates  the 
offers  received  were  : — 

Total. 


Cammell,  Laird  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Walter  Scott,  Ltd 

Alfred  Clare  A  Co 


Per  ton, 
£   s. 

(accepted)   9  15 
. .  12  10 

I     24  10  per  bat   i 
I  or  17s.  6d.  a  joint ) 


2,681 


Messrs.  Elliott  Brcf.  are  to  supply  17  instruments  for  testing 
magnetic  brake  coils,  at  £10  Us.  <id.  each. 

The  Stores  and  Contracts  Committee  recommends  that  contracts 
with  the  following  be  approved  : — 

Electric  fittings.— Accles  &  Pollock,  Ltd. ;  British  Westinghouse  Electric 
and  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.;  Elliott  Bros.;  and  General  Electric 
Co.,  Ltd. 

The  Stores  and  Contracts  Committee  reports  having  accepted 
tenders  as  under  during  the  recess  : — 

Electric  fittings.- Atlas  Carton  and  Battery  Co.,  Ltd.;  B.I.  and  Helsby 
Cables,  Ltd.;  Cooper  &  Roberts;  Dorman  &  Emith  ;  Ediscn  &  Swan 
Co.;  Electrical  Manufscturing  and  Eupplies  Co.:  Elliott  Bros.;  W. 
Geipel  &  Co.;  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.;  Hart  Manufacturing  Co.; 
W.  McGeoch  &  Co.,  Ltd. ;  A.  Round  ;  Veritys,  Ltd. ;  W.  White  v\:  Co. 

Machine  beltirg.— J.  Hendry;  Hepburn,  Gale  &  Ross,  Ltd. 

Shoeeditch. — The  B.C.  Lighting  Committee,  following  a  report 
by  the  electiical  engineer  on  experiments  with  new  type  flame 
lamps,  recommends  the  purchase  of  4  8  "  MetroHam  "arc  lamps  (70-80 
hours)  from  Messrs.  Johnson  \-  Phillips,  Ltd.,  and  48  "'Angold''  arc 
lamps  (;»0  hours)  from  the  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  the  total  cott 
being  £'.>:i6.  The  great  increase  of  vehicular,  especially  motor, 
traffic  necessitates  improved  lighting  of  the  main  thoroughfares 
without  delay,  and  the  adoption  of  the  above  lamps  will  give  a 
greater  illuminating  power  by  nearly  100  per  cent,  as  compared 
with  the  existin;,''  12i-ampere,  1,.">00-c.p.  lamps.  The  new  type  of  lamp, 
for  one-third  less  current,  8  amperes,  gives  2,500  C.P.,  "and  has  in 
addition  a  better  fog-penetrating  effect."  It  is  estimated  that  the 
saving  per  annum  on  a  circuit  of  24  lamps,  including  current  and 
attendance,  after  allowing  for  the  slight  increase  in  the  cost  of 
carbons,  will  be  about  £124.  The  first  cost  of  the  new  lamps  will 
be  covered  in  less  than  two  years.  The  work  will  not  be  com- 
menced until  the  close  of  the  financial  year. 

For  the  supply  of  lead-covered,  paper-insulated  service  cables,  the 
Committee  recommends  the  acceptance  of  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  the  lowest  submitted,  as  under  ; — 
1  mile  7/ltJ,  £70  ;  i  mile  7/14,  £90  per  mile;  i  mile  lP/16.  £133 
per  mile  ;  |  mile  19/14,  £187  per  mile. 

Batteesea.— The  B.C.  has  decided  to  renew  its  contract  with 
Callender's  Cable  and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  supply  of 
cables,  fee.  for  a  further  period  of  one  year. 


I^^alford. — The  fiunrdianH  have   acepted   the    tender  of 

McMHrH.  Willoiighby  .V:  Willcox  for  th«;  iriHtallation  of  plf-rtrli:  lijfht 
and  bollH  lit  thn  new  olllccM  (UH2).  and  tlii!  t«-n(ier  of  .Mr.  f;ilt*rt 
MalthewK  for  provinioti  of  electric  QttinKH  for  b<jard  room,  lajndry 
and  clork'H  otilce  (ii^.l). 

Stockport.— 'J'he  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  f,ord 
Vernon  for  Warsop  and  I'ojnton  slack  ctal  for  the  electricity  worka 
at  lOs.  1(1(1.  per  ton  ;  and  that  of  Mr.  John  Kanlkner,  of  Man- 
chester, for  a  lightning  conductor,  at  £10  1.'>b. 


rORTHCOMINO    EVENTS. 


Britlsb  Electrical  and  Allied  Manuraclurers'  A^Aocialion.  indar, 
January  21tli.     At  7  for  7.JI0  p.m.     At  the  Savoy  Hotel.     Dinner. 

Royal  Institution.'  Fiiday,  January  2lth.  Ati'p.iir.  Oiscoarse  on  "Recent 
Advances  in  Scientific  Steel  MetallurKy, '  by  Prof.  J.  O.  Arnold. 

Thursday,  January  80th.— At ."!  p.m.  Lecture  on  "  Recent  Reiearcb  on 
the  Gas  Engme,"  by  Prof.  B.  Hopkinscn.    (Lecture  1  ) 

Physical  Society.— Friday,  January  21lh.  At  .'j  p.m.  At  the  Imperial  College 
of  Hrieiice,  soulh  Kensingtcn.  Piipeis  on  "The  Electrical  Conductivity 
and  Fluidity  of  Strong  Solutions,"  by  Mr.  W.  S.  TucVcr  ;  The  Resistance 
of  Kloctrolvtes,"  by  Messrs.  8.  \V.  J.  Emith  and  H.  Mots:  and  "The 
Recaletcence  of  Iron  Carliidc,"  by  Mostrs.  fi.  W.  J.  Smith  and  J.  Guild. 

Junior  Institution  of  Engineers.— Saturday,  January  2;ith.  At  11  a. in 
Visit  10  the  Houses  of  Parlisraent  for  inspection  cf  heating,  Tentilation,  &c. 

Friday,  January  Slst.— At  8  p.m.  At  the  Great  Eaitern  Hotel.  EC. 
Institution  smoking  concert. 

Royal  Society  of  Arts.- Monday,  January  27th.  At  R  p.m.  Cantor  lecture 
on  "  Liquid  Fuel,"  by  Prof,  V.  B.  Lewes.    (Lecture  II.) 

Institution   of   Electrical    Engineers   (Newcast>«.  Students'   Section).— 

Monday,  January  27th.  At  7.tiO  p.m.  At  the  Aiuistrong  College.  Newcasile. 
Paper  on  "  The  Application  of  Electricity  to  the  Lighting  of  Residences, 
BusincES  Premises  and  Factories,"  by  Mr.  S.  I.  Ellis. 

(Mancliester  Section).— Tuesday,  January  2;ih.  At7.S0p.m.  At  the 
University,  Manchester.  Pnper  en  '"The  Use  of  a  Large  Lighting  Battery 
in  connection  with  Central  Staticn  Supply, '  by  Mr.  H.  F.  Whysall, 

(Yorkshire  Section).— Wednesday,  January  2£th.  At  7  p.m.  Meeting 
at  the  Univcisity,  ShtHield. 

(Students' Section).— Wednesday,  January  S9th.    At  7  40  p.m.    At  the 

Institution  Paper  on  "I  he  Conditions  Inriuencing  the  Design  and 
Minimum  Manuf.ioturing  Cost  of  Induction  Motors,"  by  Mr.  E.  T.  Driver. 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers. — Wednesday  Evening,  January  29t  h.  Students' 
visit  to  the  Edgware  Koad-Paddingtoii  extension  of  the  London  E  ectrii- 
Railway. 

Tlie  Electrical  Engineers'  Ball.- Friday,  January  fist.  At  9  p.m.  Hot. I 
Cecil,  London, 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Officer— LiEin,-CoL.  H.  M.  LrAr. 

The  following  orders  have  teen  istued  for  the  current  week  : — 

Monday,  January  27th. — "A"  Company.  Eecruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Tuesday,  January  28th. — "B"  Company,  Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Thursday,  January  £Oth. — "C"  CompaDy.     Cempany  training,  7  to  10  p  m. 

Friday,  January  Slst.— "D"  Company.  Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
ce  mpany  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Saturday,  February  1st. — "B  '  Ctiupany.  Week-end  run  at  FortCoalhouse, 
East  Tilbury.  Paiade  at  Fenchurch  Etieet  Station  at  3  p.m.,  fcr  train 
leaving  at  3.25  p.m.  Dress:  -Service  dress,  putties  and  greatcoats. 
No  arms  will  be  taken. 

"A"  Company.  A  lorry  run  will  take  place  this  day.  The  lorry  ere  w 
will  parade  at  Headquarters  at  2.30  p.m.  Dress:— Seivice  dress,  patties 
and  greatcoats.    No  arms  will  be  taken. 

Headquarters  will  be  cpened  fcr  regimental  business  only  from 
10  a.m.  till  12  noon. 

(Signed)        P.  H.  CA.MrBELX,  Capt.  R.E.,  and  Adjt., 

For  Officer  commanding  L.E.E. 


The  Lighting:  of  Factories   and  AVorksLops. — It  is 

announcfd  that  the  Hoice  Secretary  has  appointed  a  Committee  to 
inquire  and  report  as  to  the  ccnditicns  necessary  for  the  af'eqnate 
and  suitable  ligrhtingr  (natural  and  artificial)  of  factories  and  worl- 
shops,  having-  regard  to  the  nature  of  the  work  cariied  on,  tho 
protection  of  the  eyesight  of  the  persons  employed,  and  the 
various  foiras  of  illumination.  The  members  of  tho  Committee 
are  :— Dr.  R.  T.  Glazebrook,  Director  of  the  National  Physical 
Laboratory  (chairman)  ;  Mr.  L.  Caster,  Piof.  Francis  Gotcli. 
Mr.  J.  Herbert  Parsons,  Mr.  W.  C.  D.  Whetham.  and  Sir  Arthur 
Whitelegge,  Chief  Inspector  of  Factories.  The  secretaries 
of  the  (Committee  are  Mr.  D.  R.  Wilson,  one  of  His  .Majesty ■^ 
Inspectors  of  Factories,  and  Mr.  C.  C.  Paterson,  of  the  National 
Physical  Laboratory.  Any  communications  on  the  subject  of  the 
inquiry  may  be  addies^ed  to  Mr.  D.  R  Wilfoii,  at  the  Home  OfiBce. 
—The  Timrx. 


144 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,    [voi.72.  No.  1,835,  januaey  24,  1913. 


NOTES. 


Par)ianientarY  Xotes. — Admiralty  Contracts. — Mr. 

Barnes,  on  .lannarv  loth,  asked  the  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty 
whether,  in  connection  with  the  strike  of  electrical  workers  on  the 
Clyde,  he  could  state  the  result  of  the  inquiry  into  the  alle^red 
violation  of  the  fair-waeres  clause  by  the  Government  contr{M:tors 
in  employ  inp  apprentices  to  perform  electrical  work  instead  of  fully 
qualified  men  at  the  proper  rrtes  of  wajres  ;  and  whether  the 
Admiralty  was  satisfied  that  no  breach  of  the  clause  had  been  saade 
to  the  benefit  nf  the  employers'  and  the  prejudice  of  the  workmen. 
Dr.  Macnamara  replied  that  as  the  result  of  the  inquiry,  it  appeared 
that  during-  the  proprress  of  certain  work  to  complete  the  ^'eiv 
/t'ahind,  the  electricians  of  the  district  struck  work  with  a  view  to 
obtaining  an  additional  \d.  an  hour  in  their  rate  of  wages.  It  was 
understood  that  the  Fairfield  Co.  offered  to  concede  this  demand  so 
far  as  the  men  engaged  on  this  ship  were  concerned,  in  order  to 
avoid  ^terruption  in  the  work,  but  that  oflter  was  declined  in  the 
absence  of  a  similar  concession  throughout  the  district.  The  ship 
had  already  been  delayed,  and  it  was  important  that  there  should 
be  no  further  delay.  The  company,  therefore,  employed  14 
apprentices  to  do  the  work  eight  of  whom  were  in  their  fourth  or 
fifth  year,  and  five  in  their  third  year.  No  boys  were  employed  all 
night  after  having  worked  during  the  day,  and  only  some  of  the 
older  apprentices  employed  during  the  day  were  allowed  to  work 
overtime  up  to  !'.30  p.m.  The  whole  of  the  work  so  carried  out  was 
finished  and  tested  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  Admiralty 
representatives.  In  all  the  circumstances  the  Admiralty  did  not 
consider  it  necessary  to  take  any  further  action  in  the  matter. 

Post  Offick  Ei.ectbic  Li(;htin(;  DEPARTMioST.—In  Tuesday's 
Parliamentary  Papers,  Mr.  Barnes  asked  the  Postmaster-General  if 
engineers  in  the  electric  lighting  department  were  paid  overtime 
rates,  in  accordance  with  the  conditions  accepted,  and  generally 
observed,  by  the  employers  and  employed  ;  and  if  they  were  paid  for 
Sundays  and  Christmas  Day,  in  accordance  with  such  conditions  ; 
namely,  were  they  paid  one  and  a  quarter  time  for  the  first  two 
hours,  one  and  a  half  for  time  after  that,  excepting  the  days  men- 
tioned, and  for  those  were  they  paid  at  the  rate  of  double  time  .' 
Mr.  H.  Samuel  replied  that  the  honourable  member  presumably 
referred  to  the  minor  grades  of  the  electric  light  staff,  i.e.,  shift 
oflBcers,  circuitmen,  enginemen,  \c.  Such  men  received  overtime 
pay  at  rate  and  a  quarter  on  weekdays,  and  rate  and  a  half  for 
duty  in  excess  of  the  scheduled  attendance  on  Sundays.  Scheduled 
duty  on  Sunday  was  not  specially  remunerated,  as  the  Post  OflBce 
scale  of  pay  covers  50i  hours'  scheduled  attendance  on  any  six  days 
out  of  the  seven.  A  few  men  in  London,  originally  employed  under 
factory  conditions,  retained  the  privilege  of  payment  for  overtime  at 
rate  and  a  quarter  for  the  first  two  hours,  and  then  at  rate  and  a 
half,  with  double  rate  for  duty  in  excess  of  the  scheduled  attend- 
ance on  Sundays.  Extra  duty  performed  on  Christmas  Day  was 
paid  for  at  Sunday  extra  duty  rates. 

E.T.B.I. — The  whist  drive  recently  mentioned  in  our 
pages  was  held  on  Friday,  January  17th,  at  Slater's  Restaurant, 
50,  Cannon  Street,  E.G.  The  main  object  of  the  entertainment  was 
to  endeavour  to  get  the  members  of  the  staffs  of  some  electrical 
firms  to  take  an  interest  in  the  Institution.  It  was  primarily 
organised  amongst  the  members  of  the  staffs  of  the  General  Electric 
Co.,  Sterling  Telephone  and  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  the  Union 
Electric  Co.,  but,  in  addition,  other  ladies  and  gentlemen  came, 
there  being  128  players,  in  addition  to  the  members  of  the  Com- 
mittee, \c.  The  Committee  consisted  of  Mr.  Champion  (Union 
Electric  Co.).  Mr.  Crow  (Sterling  Telephone  and  Electric  Co.).  Mr. 
Williams  (General  Electric  Co.)  and  the  secretary  of  the  Electrical 
Trades  Benevolent  In.'^titution.  Mr.  Crow  was  elected  to  be  the 
M.C.,  and  he  carried  out  his  duties  to  everyone's  satisfaction,  the 
full  programme  being  completed  and  the  prizes  distributed  on  the 
stroke  of  11  o'clock.  The  other  members  of  the  Committee  worked 
extremely  hard,  with  results  which  were  most  thoroughly  satis- 
factory. Immediately  after  the  interval  a  short  address  was  given 
by  the  secretary,  Mr.  Hawes,  dealing  in  a  full  and  informing  way 
with  the  essential  features  of  the  Institution,  its  objects,  &c.,  and 
answering  the  statements  that  were  sometimes  made  to  the  effect 
that  the  Old  Age  Pensions  and  the  National  Insurance  Afct  were 
reasons  for  not  troubling  to  support  the  Benevolent  Fund.  The 
prize  fund  was  subscribed  to  by  the  following  : — General  Electric 
Co.,  Mr.  Guy  Burney,  Mr.  Justus  Eck,  Mr.  F.  B.  0.  Hawes  :  and  the 
prizes  were  kindly  given  away  by  Mrs.  Ritchie. 

Miners'  Lamps. — According  to  the  Times,  the  Home 
Secretary  has  approved,  under  Sec.  33  of  the  Coal  Mines  Act,  191 1, 
the  Hail  wood  lamp  No.  1,  and  the  Oldham  emergency  electric 
lamp,  the  latter  only  for  use  in  time  of  accident  or  by  officials, 
for  use  in  all  mines  to  which  the  Act  applies.  Copies  of  the  approv- 
ing order  containing  specifications  of  the  lamps  will  shortly  be 
issued  by  the  Government  printers. 

Will.— The    Dail;/  Mail    states  that  the  late   Mr.  W. 

Bottomley,  of  Glasgow,  one  of  the  first  directors  of  Messrs.  Kelvin 
and  White,  Ltd.,  and  for  many  years  assistant  to  Lord  Kelvin  in 
his  scientific  work,  left  £3,788  personal  estate. 

Alamininm. — A  neat   little  booklet   setting   forth  the 

leading  properties  of  aluminium  and  the  various  forms  in  which  it 
la  supplied  has  been  issued  by  the  British  Aluminium  Co.,  Ltd., 
who  will  send  copies  to  any  readers  who  use  the  metal.  Electrical 
data  are  included,  and  the  information  will  be  nseful  to  enffiqeers, 
draughtsmen  and  others  interested  in  the  nibject. 


Itritish   Tramway   Statistics.— A    Board    of    Trade 

return  of  the  finance  and  traffic  of  British  tramways  for  1911-12 
contains  the  following  particulars  : — 

1!)10.11.  1911.12. 


Miles  open 

2,597 

2,637 

Cars  running 

12,709 

12,944 

Miles  run  by  cars  ... 

...     310,494,243 

323,3.54,389 

Passengers  carried 

...  2,907,477,120 

3,127,318,732 

Electrical  units  need 

...     516,241,612 

.548,695,979 

(Jross  receipts 

...    £13,777,CU1 

£14,726,06.s 

Working  expenditure 

...      i;8,500,941 

£8,924,420 

Net  receipts 

...      £.5,276,060 

£-,,801,648 

Relief  of  rates 

£370,435 

£488,509 

Aid  from  rates 

£68,055 

£62,132 

Of  the  290  undertakings,  172  belong  to  local  authorities  and  118  to 
companies  or  individuals.  Local  authorities  made  a  net  profit  of 
£4,233,871  on  the  year's  traffic,  out  of  which,  in  addition  to 
setting  aside  £4S8,.509  in  relief  of  rates,  they  applied  £1,247,9(18 
towards  the  reduction  of  tramway  debt  and  carried  £97o,.504  to 
reserve  and  renewal  funds.  In  the  cases  of  three  local  authorities 
and  six  companies,  the  returns  show  an  excess  of  working  expendi- 
ture over  gross  receipts. 

.4ssoeiation   of   Electrical  Station   Engineers.— An 

informal  meeting  was  held  on  Thursday,  January  16th,  at  *>'J, 
Fleet  Street,  E.G.  Twenty-one  representatives  of  electrical  stations 
attended.  A  report  was  made  on  the  enormous  amount  of  corres- 
pondence received,  in  reply  to  an  announcement  in  the  Electbical 
Review.  It  was  stated  that  the  general  opinion  of  the  corres- 
pondents was  that  a  business-like  "  Association  "  should  be  formed 
immediately,  and  that  practically  the  whole  of  the  technical  staffs 
of  the  undertakings  they  represented  would  become  members. 
Previously  to  January  14th  prospective  members  numbered  well 
over  500,  but  as  a  large  amount  of  correspondence  containing  names 
of  prospective  members  has  been  received  since  the  above  date,  the 
number  has  probably  reached  1,000.  After  lengthy  discussions, 
several  resolutions  were  passed,  details  of  an  application  form  were 
agreed  to  (which  is  to  be  printed  at  once),  and  the  next  general 
meeting  was  arranged  for  February  6th,  1913.  The  following 
resolutions  were  passed  : — 

1.  That  the  Association  be  called  "  Association  of  Electrical 
Station  Engineers. " 

2.  That  the  objects  of  the  Association  be — 

To  raise  the  efficiency  and  general  status  of  members  of  the 
Association. 

To  provide  means  for  social  intercourse  among  its  members,  for 
their  improvement,  advancement,  and  recreation. 

To  form  an  information  bureau  for  the  general  assistance  of 
members  and  employers. 

3.  That  the  essential  qualification  for  membership  shall  be  that 
the  prospective  member  must  be  qualified  for,  and  hold  a 
responsible  position  in,  an  electrical  undertaking  for  power, 
lighting  or  traction. 

4.  That  a  chartered  accountant  be  approached  to  take  charge  of 
the  finances  of  the  "  Association.'' 

5.  That  all  announcements  with  regard  to  the  "  Association  "  be 
advertised  in  the  Electhical  Review. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Ebben  was  elected  hon.  secretary. 

Motor-'Bus  Obstruction  of  Tramcar.— At  the  Green- 
wich Police  Court  last  week,  W.  F.  Gilbert  was  fined  lOs.  and  23s. 
costs  for  wilfully  interfering  with  the  London  County  Council 
tramway  traffic  at  New  Cross  Road.  Mr.  Greenwood,  for  the 
L.C.C.,  said  (as  reported  in  the  Standard)  that  the  case  was  one  of 
importance  to  the  public  who  used  tramways  and  motor-omnibuses. 
The  defendant  was  a  driver  in  the  service  of  the  L.G.O.  Co.  The 
evidence  would  show  that  the  motr  r-omnibuses  were  not  content 
to  go  in  for  fair  play  ;  they  wanted  all  the  passengers. 

Arthur  Dunn,  conductor  of  the  tramcar,  said  that  on  Novem- 
ber 9th  his  car  drew  up  at  the  "  island  "  at  New  Cross  Gate.  The 
defendant's  motor- omnibus  pulled  up  close  to  the  tramcar,  the 
front  of  the  omnibus  being  close  to  the  step  which  passengers 
used  to  get  on  and  off  his  car,  a  very  small  space  being  left  for 
people  to  alight  or  join  the  car.  The  front  of  the  omnibus  was 
practically  level  with  the  step  of  the  car,  and  people  would  have 
had  to  pass  in  front  of  the  omnibus  to  get  to  the  car.  People 
waiting  on  the  "  island ''  could  not  reach  his  car,  and  he  had  to  go 
on  and  leave  them.  The  defendant  declared  that  the  London 
County  Council  really  obstructed  him.  The  Board  of  Trade  regu- 
lation was  that  when  one  vehicle  came  up  the  one  in  front  should 
proceed.  There  was  not  room  for  a  tramcar  and  an  omnibus,  and  he 
could  not  avoid  his  omnibus  partly  covering  the  step  of  the  car. 
The  car  stopped  so  .suddenly  that  he  could  not  do  otherwise. 

Shock  Accident  Claim. — The  Glasgotv  Daily  Herald 
states  that  some  time  ago  an  action  was  raised  in  Paisley  Sheriff 
Court  against  the  Paisley  District  Tramway  Co.,  for  damages  in 
connection  with  an  accident  which  occurred  to  a  boy  who  was 
travelling  on  one  of  the  company's  cars.  The  boy  was  barefooted, 
and  was  seated  on  the  top  near  the  metal  pillar  which  supports  the 
trolley-pole.  The  record  in  the  case  stated  that  through  defective 
insulation,  or  some  other  cause,  the  metal  pillar  became  charged 
with  electricity,  with  the  result  that  when  the  boy's  naked  foot 
touched  it  he  received  a  severe  shock,  with  serious  and  painful 
injuries  from  burning.  In  consequence  of  his  injuries  the  boy  was 
laid  up  for  six  weeks.  The  company  has  now  offered  a  satisfactory 
sum  in  full  settlement,  which  has  been  accepted,  and  the  action  will 
be  taken  out  of  Court  by  joint  minute. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8;r.,jANUAUYL'i,  loia.l    TlIK    FJjF/n'RTCATi    REVTFAV. 


146 


4(Ti(lents. — .loll. \NNK.slti;iui.— Our  (Jupc  con-eHpondoiiL 
wrilcH  :  "  At  the  UnntjcH  (li»tril)ulin(r  (itnliDii  of  tho  Victoria  rolli* 
Power  Co.  nil  exploBion  of  an  oil  Hwitch  recently  cnuned  etriouH 
burninjr  injiiriuw  to  two  onifinccra.  In  tin;  (Irnt  placo,  one  of  the 
fetdiT  Hwitoh(H  tripped,  iind  whilnt  uiu  ftHhihtant  eiiKincor  numcd 
DiiviM  WHH  li'liphonintf  to  the  oomiianyV  control  department  to 
report  the  oucnirrenoe  another  oil  Hwitch  exploded.  The  exploMon 
burnt  open  the  iron  dooni  between  the  operatinif  pawHaije  and  the 
switeh  pasHaire.  FlanicH  paHwed  into  tho  operotinff  paPHape,  and 
Davis  wa«  Bovercly  burnt  about  tho  face  and  handn.  A  probationer 
nnnied  .loncB  was  alno  burnt,  but  to  a  U'hh  depree.  Tho  canto  of 
the  ejiploMon  is  belii'.'ed  to  he  litjhtninjr  on  the  tranprninHion  line, 
which  caused  the  lir«t  switeh  to  trip  and  fire  tho  oil.  Thiw  cnuHed 
a  Hhort-cireuit,  which  in  turn  caused  the  explosion  of  the  second 
oil  switch." 

MoTiiKUWKM,.  Huffh  Bird,  electrical  fitter,  of  Motherwell, 
while  workinjr  at  an  electrical  crane,  was  Beriously  injured  by  boiut; 
jammed  between  the  carriage  and  an  iron  box. 

Aecordinpr  to  a  (jlasprow  paper,  Adam  Sommerville,  a  yonnp 
electrical  engineer,  was  removed  to  the  Western  Infirmary,  (Jlasprow, 
Bufiferinpr  from  injuries  sustained  while  at  work  in  Messrs.  Hurst, 
Nelson  <t  Co.'s  wapron  works,  Motherwell.  He  was  passinpr  a 
machine  when  he  became  entanirled  in  the  belt,  and  was  thrown 
violently  to  the  ground. 

Educational    ^Otes, — A    special   series    of   lectures  on 

lUuminatinpr  Engfineerin^r  is  now  in  progress  at  the  Polytechnic, 
Refrent  Street.  The  first  section  of  the  course,  dealing  with  gas, 
electric,  acetylene  and  air  gas  lighting,  ^c,  has  now  been  con- 
cluded. On  Friday,  January  17th,  the  first  lecture  of  the  second 
half  of  the  course,  de.aling  with  illumination  and  the  eye,  was 
delivered  by  Dr.  W.  J.  Ettles.  The  remaining  five  lectures,  com- 
mencing to-day,  are  to  be  given  by  Mr.  J.  S.  Dow,  and  will  deal 
with  practical  applications,  including  such  questions  as  the  measure- 
ment of  light  and  illumination,  colour,  shades  and  reflectors  and 
indoor  and  outdoor  illumination. 

Prof.  Stephen  H.  Dixon,  Professor  of  Civil  Engineering  in  the 
University  of  Birmingham,  has  accepted  an  invitation  to  give  a 
special  course  of  lectures  in  Municipal  engineering  at  University 
College  during  the  current  term.  The  course  was  to  begin  on 
Tuesday  last,  at  1  p.m. 

The  Thames  Ironworks. — The  appeal  of  j\Ir.  Arnold 

p.  Hills  against  Mr.  Justice  Eve's  order  of  December  20th  last,  for 
the  immediate  closing  of  the  works,  was,  on  Saturday,  dismissed 
by  the  Court  of  Appeal. 

Tramway  Social, — On  1 5th  inst.,  the  ninth  annual  tea 
and  social  of  the  Gateshead  and  District  Tramway  Co.'s  employes 
was  held  at  the  Parish  Hall,  Rawling  Road,  Gateshead,  the  number 
present,  including  ladies,  being  150.  Mr.  W.  Morrison,  the  general 
manager,  made  a  brief  speech,  and,  in  addition  to  referring  to  the 
friendly  relations  existing  between  the  company  and  its  employes, 
he  mentioned  that  the  employes' Benevolent  Society's  funds  stood  at 
the  satisfactory  figure  of  £204.  A  programme  of  music  and  song 
followed. 

Denial. — Messrs.  Loxley  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Leeds,  write  as 
follows  : — "  We  have  recently  heard  that  rumours  are  going  about 
that  we  have  obtained  an  order  for  electric  wiring  of  the  Bordesley 
Post  Office,  Birmingham.  We  wish  to  deny  this  absolutely,  as  we 
do  not  quote  for  electric  wiring." 

Marconi  Litigation.^ln  the  King's  Bench  Division 
Mr.  Justice  Scrutton  has  had  before  him  for  several  days  this  week 
the  action  of  Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd.,  c.  Goukassoff 
and  Tischenko,  in  which  plaintiffs  claim  damages  for  breach  of 
contract  in  respect  of  an  option  for  sale  of  shares  in  the  Russian 
company.  On  Wednesday  his  Lordship  said  that  he  would  give 
judgment  to-day  (Friday),  but  it  would  be  against  the  defendants 
for  damages,  but  the  amount  of  the  latter  would  be  affected  if  in 
the  meantime  a  sufficient  number  of  shares  were  put  under  the 
control  of  plaintiffs.  In  another  case  plaintiffs  also  claimed 
damages  against  one  Baruch  for  having  maliciously  induced  the 
above  defendants  to  break  their  contract  with  the  plaintiffs. 
Judgment  was  given  for  the  defendant. 


The  Alklnm  Accumulator. — Eeferring  to  the  para- 
graph in  our  last  issue  on  the  new  electric  storage  battery 
brought  out  by  Messrs.  Worsnop  A:  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Halifax,  we  learn 
that  one  of  its  features  is  that  no  acid  or  lead  is  used  in  its  con- 
struction. As  its  name,  "  Alklum,"  implies  the  fluid  employed  is 
of  an  alkaline  nature.  Its  chief  component  is  nickel,  while  the 
containing  case  is  of  welded  steel.  It  is  claimed  that  the  electrodes 
and  electrolyte  are  practically  permanent,  as  the  liquid  is  unvaxi- 
able  and  only  requires  making  up  with  distilled  water,  while  the 
electrodes  consist  of  insoluble  material  carried  in  nickel  cages.  It 
is  further  claimed  that  the  cells  cannot  be  overcharged,  and  that 
they  may  remain  uncharged  for  long  periods  without  damage,  while 
jarring  and  jolting  do  not  affect  them.  We  have  seen  a  charging 
and  discharging  curve  of  the  new  batteries,  which  shows  that  the 
discharge  is  not  only  extremely  gradual,  but  that  it  maintains  its 
voltage  almost  to  the  end.  Specimens  of  the  Alklum  accumulators 
can,  we  understand,  be  inspected  at  the  depot  of  the  Motor  Light- 
ing Co.,  13,  Panton  Street,  Haymarket,  London,  S.W. 


A  Lamhclh  lAtt  Contract.— In  inuwcifu  witi. 

catiouH  invited  by  the  l.nmbeUi  It  jard  of  Ounrdiann  for  l<-ii'l- 
the  inntalliition  of  two  electric  liftn  at  the  Infirmary,  Broolc  - 
and  another  at  tho  Workhouio,  Ronfrew  Howl,  tho  following  llnim 
sent  prices  and  Hpucification^.  Tho  flgaren  rcprei«:nt  the  price 
((uotcd  for  inHtalling  tho  three  liftn,  for  the  two  lifts  at  tho  inflr- 
iiiary,  and  fur  the  one  at  the  Workhouse  only,  rcs[K:ctively.  At  a 
meeting  of  the  Bul)-Committ(;fl  on  Wednesday  last,  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Waygoods,  Ltil.,  Falmouth  K  )ad,  S.K.,  wai  a';cept<;d. 

AldouB  A  CamtbKll,  Ltd.-i'l.iM   (17    weeki),   £1100  Hi  weeks),   IC'AIO  (10 

wookn). 
Eautoii  Lift  Co.- jei.lMO  (13  weeka),  £I,H.'>  (12  wceki),  tUi  (10  weeki). 
Lift  and  Holit  Oo.—Clfiil  (16  weekii),  ill.OHO  (IR  week*),  itHl  (10  weeka). 

Medway'B  Safety  Lift  Co.— £1,090  (16-18  weeka),  £1,107  (1218  weeka),  ttSi 
(IIMH  woeks), 

Otia  Elevator  Co.— il.e^S  (10-13  weeks),  £l,V,r,  (10-13  weeks),  iSOO  (10-13 

wcekH). 
A.   W.  Penrose  A  Co.— £1,I2H  (ir,  weekn),  £948  (11  weeks),  jeiHO  (U  weeks), 

witli  extras. 
Bcliolcy  &  Co.,  Ltd.-£1,59U,  £1,100,  £193. 
Bmitli,   Major    A  BteveDH.- £1,010  (16   weeks),  £1,130  (18  weeks),  £530  Its. 

(11  woel<3). 
W.  Wadsworth  &  Bon,  Ltd.-£l,4HC  (30  weeka),  £1,006  (13  weeks),  £4H0 

(eight  weeks). 

Waygoods,   Ltd.— £1,6GC  (15  weeks),   £1,084    pins  6  per  cent,   if  divided 
(13  weeks),  £632  plus  G  per  cent,  if  divided  (— ). 


Institution    and    Lecture    Notes. — Ass(x;ution  of 

Mining  Elkctuic.vl  Exoinekhs  (West  of  ScoTL.\.\r)  Bhanch). — 
The  monthly  meeting  of  the  Branch  was  held  on  January  18th, 
when  discussion  was  resumed  on  the  papers  read  by  Mr.  Campbell 
King  on  "The  Electrification  of  a  Group  of  Small  Collieries,"  and 
by  Mr.  S.A.Simon,  Glasgow,  on  ''Speed  Control  of  Three-phase 
Motors." 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Scottish  Local 
Skction),— On  January  14th,  Messrs.  .1.  S.  Nicholson  and  B.  P. 
Haigh  read  their  paper  on  "  A  Single-Phase  Motor  with  Pole- 
Changing  Windings,"  before  the  Scottish  Local  .Section  at  Glasgow, 
and  a  discussion  followed. 

Mr.  Halley  Craig  said  that  if  the  authors'  work  had  been  done  a 
long  time  ago  there  would  have  been  a  change  in  the  methods 
which  would  have  put  electricians  20  years  in  advance  of  where 
they  now  were. 

The  Chairman  said  that  when  they  were  arranging  for  the 
first  Electric  Lighting  Bill,  people  were  very  much  astonished 
when  Mr.  Ferranti  announced  that  he  had  an  alternating  motor  up 
his  sleeve  :  they  could  not  believe  that. 

The  members  were  afterwards  conducted  over  the  laboratory, 
where  the  motor  was  exhibited  in  motion. 

Introducing  a  discussion  on  the  "  Mathematical  and  Scientific 
Training  of  Engineers  "  at  a  meeting  of  the  Western  Branch  of 
THE  Association  of  Science  Teachers  of  Scotland  in  Glas- 
gow on  18th  inst.,  Mr,  Henry  Mavor  argued  that  mathematics  was 
absolutely  essential  to  the  study  and  understanding  of  science  in 
every  stage  of  its  development.  The  German  educational  practice 
in  this  respect  was  compared  to  our  own,  to  the  discredit  of  the 
latter,  but  he  thought  it  was  unwise  to  push  the  comparison  as  far 
as  it  was  often  done.  The  Germans  were  certainly  ahead  of  us  in 
some  special  branches  of  knowledge  and  industry,  but  as  certainly 
were  not  ahead  of  us  as  a  whole.  In  electrical  affairs,  for  instance, 
few  inventions  were  German.  His  concrete  opinion  was  that  the 
whole  training  of  an  engineer  must  be  founded  upon  the  fact  that 
he  was  an  engineer  actually  engaged  in  the  work  of  construction  in 
the  workshop. 

A  paper  on  "  Electrical  Locomotives  for  Main  Line  and  Suburban 
Services  "  was  read  at  a  meeting  of  the  Scientific  Society  of  the 
Royal  Technical  College,  Glasgow,  on  Saturday  last  by  Mr.  B.  P. 
Haigh,  of  the  Engineering  Department  of  the  L'niversity  of 
Glasgow, 

Damaging' an  Electric  Meter, — At  Newton  Abbot,  South 

Devon  Petty  Sessions  on  Tuesday,  Wm.  Ireland  Islesworth  was 
bound  over  to  be  of  good  behaviour  for  six  months  and  ordered  to 
pay  IGs.  6d.  costs,  for  damaging  a  meter  belonging  to  the  Xewton 
Urban  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  Defendant  tampered  with  the 
meter,  and  abstracted  6s.  from  it,  but  the  charge  of  larceny  was  not 
gone  into.  "  I  fancy  it  would  be  a  funny  thing,"  said  the  defen- 
dant, "  if  I  wanted  to  rob  the  meter,  that  I  should  take  out  fis. 
and  leave  lis.  behind."  Mr.  Hitchings,  solicitor  to  the  company, 
said  "  that  is  an  old  trick." 


Appointments     Vacant,  —  Electrical    engineer    and 

manager,  for  the  Wolverhampton  Corporation  (ii600);  meter 
tester,  for  the  Shanghai  Municipal  Council  Electrical  Department 
(£21  per  month)  ;  electrical  engineer,  for  the  Burgh  of  Wishaw  ; 
charge  engineer,  for  the  Wakefield  Corporation  Electricity  Depart- 
ment (35s.)  ;  switchboard  attendant  for  the  Newport  (Mon.)  Elec- 
tricity  Department  (25s.).    See   our  advertisement   pages  in  this 


Inquiries. — A  correspondent  asks  for  the  names  "  of 
firms  supplying  a  complete  line  in  wiring  accessories  designed  for 
dpen  wiring  with  ordinary  flexible."  Makers  of  brushes  for  elec- 
trically-driven boot-cleaning  machines  are  asked  for. 


146 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.  n.  No  i.sss,,  jaitoabt  24, 1913. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

Thr  Editor!  invite  electrical  engitteera,  whether  connected  with  the. 
technical  or  (he  commercial  mde  of  the  profession  and  industry, 
also  electric  tramway  and  railway  officials,  to  keep  readers  of  the 
Electrical  Revikw  posted  a*  to  their  viorements. 


Ontral  Station  Ofliciiils. — Otving  to  the  appointment 
of  Mb.  J.  M.  Dawson,  who  for  the  last  7  years  hai  been  engineer- 
in-charge  at  the  elestricity  works,  formerly  of  the  Hanley 
Town  Council,  and  now  of  the  Stoke-on-Trent  Town  Council,  to 
the  ]>3.«ition  of  engineer-in-chief  of  the  Bethnal  Green  Board  of 
Guardians,  Loudon,  a  vacancy  wa'3  created  on  Mr.  Yeaman's  staff, 
and  ai  the  new  power  house  will  shortly  be  running,  two  appoint- 
ments were  made  from  the  selected  candidates,  namely,  Mr.  F. 
Hi"RST,  who  was  charge  engineer  in  the  RuncDrn  generating 
station  of  the  Mersey  Power  Co.  (as  already  announced  here),  and 
iMb  a.  McKay  Kissack,  who  was  erecting  engineer  for  the  British 
\Ve>tinghou''e  Co.,  Ltd. 

Me.  James  FoR.'svTn,  shift  engineer,  Motherwell  Corporation 
electricity  works,  has  resigned  and  taken  up  similar  duties  at  the 
Poplar  electricity  works.  Mr.  Slade,  of  London,  takes  up  duties 
as  shift  engineer  at  Motherwell. 

The  Swinton  and  Pendlebury  U.D.C.  has  fired  the  salary  of  the 
electrical  engineer,  Mr.  H.  C.  Bvsbridoe,  at  iElGl  per  annum,  from 
Decsmber  1st,  the  date  of  his  appointment. 

Mr.  Eenest  Marks  has  been  permanently  appointed  to  the 
position  of  meter  tester  to  the  Islington  un-'  ^ctaking. 

Mb.  K.  S.  Nebel  has  resigned  his  po.sition  with  Messrs.  Mather 
and  Piatt,  Ltd.,  Manchester,  in  order  to  take  up  an  appointment  in 
Berlin. 

The  Aldershot  U.D.C.  has  increased  the  salary  of  Mk.  F.  H. 
Eberl  first  as3i«t*nt  at  the  electricity  works,  to  £130  per  annum. 

Mr.  W.  H.  TiKMCLiFFE,  of  the  Salt  Union  (Mersey  Power  Co.), 
Runcorn,  has  been  appointed  junior  shift  engineer  at  the  Rotherham 
Corporation  electricity  works. 

The  Stepney  B.C.  Electricity  Committee  has  recommended  that 
the  salary  of  the  borough  electrical  engineer  and  manager  be 
increased  from  £750  to  £S00  per  annum,  and  by  an  additional  £50 
on  January  1st,  1914. 

Tramway  Officials. — The  Oldbam  Tramway  Committee 
has  recommended  the  Council  to  grant  an  advance  from  £350  to 
£400  per  year  in  the  tramway  manager's  salary. 

General. — Mk.  Graua.m  Moxtaoue,  of  Bristol,  con- 
sulting engineer  and  surveyor,  announces  that,  having  accepted  an 
appointment  as  engineer  to  the  Egyptian  Government  P.W.D.,  he 
intended  sailing  yesterday  for  Cairo,  and  that  all  correspondence 
should  be  addressed  to  him  care  of  Public  Works  Ministry,  Cairo, 
Egypt. 

Owing  to  pressure  of  business,  Mb.  J.  Mol'ld  has  found  himself 
obliged  to  resinn  the  hon.  secretaryship  of  the  I.E.E.,  Students' 
Section,  and  Mb.  Geo.  W.  P.  Page  has  been  elected  to  the 
position. 

Mb.  J.  J.  Chiswell  has  resigned  the  position  of  sales  manager 
with  the  Brimsdown  Limp  Works,  Ltd.,  as  from  December  31st 
last. 

The  engagement  is  announced  of  Me.  BriajJ  Crossley,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  Sir  Wm.  Crossley,  Bart.,  to  Margaret  Lilian,  elder 
daughter  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Sidebothim,  of  Bowdon,  Cheshire. 

Mr.  John  Coateis.  M.Inst.C.E.,  senior  partner  of  the  firm  of 
John  Coates  \:  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Westminster,  has  been  appointed  to 
carry  out  the  work  of  the  inspection  of  initerial  purchased  for  the 
Commonwealth  railway  construction  and  rolling  stock  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Australian  Trans-Continental  Railway. 

It  is  stated  in  the  Timcu.  that  Sin  W.  B.  Fobwood,  in  consequence 
of  continued  ill-health,  has  resigned  the  chairmanship  of  the  Liver- 
pool Overhead  Railway,  and  Mit.  Harvey  Cecil  Woodwabd  has 
been  appointedin^his  place. 

The  Financier  states  that  Mb.  C.  N.Mcephy  has  joined Jthe  board 
of  L'niversal  Cheap  Cables,  Ltd. 

According  to  the  'Jimrs.  the  Postmaster-General  has  appointed 
Mb.  J.  J.  Kesny,  of  the  Dublin  Telegraph  OflBce,  to  be  Controller 
of  that  office  in  succession  to  Mr.  Michael  0' Toole,  who  has  retired. 

OUitaary.— Mr.  T.  Thomr-ox. — The  death  has  taken 

place  at  Cleokheaton  (Torks.).  of  Mr.  Thos.  Thompson,  late  of 
Dundee,  who  was  for  upwards  of  34  years  the  Scottish  repre- 
sentative of  Messrs.  Edward  Green  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  of  Wakefield  and 
London.     He  was  74  years  of  age. 

Hebb  W.  Beaux. — The  death  is  announced  from  Frankfort-am- 
Main,  of  Herr  Wunibald  Braun,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  elec- 
trical engineering  firm  of  Messrs.  Hartmann  jc  Braun. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Vu'kston  Cars,  Ltd.  (l 26..')  11).— This  company  was  registered 
on  Jaiiu%r;14tb,»  jih  a  capital  of  i' 13,500  in  £1  shares,  to  carr;  on  the  business 
of  manufactnrerB  of  and  dealers  tu  motorcars,  lorries,  petrol-electric  motors, 
oil  and  gas  engines,  electrical  machinery,  flying  machines,  cycles,  &c.  The 
sabscribers  Itriih  one  share  each)  are  :  —I.  M.  Henderson,  2,  Moorgite  Street 
Buildings,  E.G.,  chartered  accountant;  W.  J.  Bristow,  3'J,  8t.  James"  Street, 
B.W.,  automobile  engineer.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is 
not  to  be  less  than  tbr'c  or  more  than  seven  ;  the  first  arc  I.  M.  HenderBon 
(ohairmaD),  N.  H.  Brandon,  C.  L..  Lowe  and  K.  W.  Balmer ;  qiialiflcatioD,  100 
shares;  remuneration,  £i50  each  per  annum  and  a  percentage  of  the  proflta. 
Registered  offi'^c,  09,  Basinghall  Strsat,  E.C. 


General  Telautograph  Co.,  Ltd.  (12o,527).— This  company  was 

registered  on  Janu%rj  15th,  with  a  capital  of  /1,000  in  < I  shares,  to  carry  on 
the  business  of  manufacturers  of,  and  dealers  In,  telewriters,  telautographs 
and  other  apparatus,  dynamos,  lamps,  wires,  cablet,  insulating  materials, 
accumulacora,  &c.,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  the  Gray  European 
Telaut..grapb  Co.,  the  International  TelautOk-rnpb  Co.,  the  Gray  National 
'I'clautograph  Co.  and  the  National  Telewriter  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  acquisition  of 
certain  patents  and  rights  relating  to  an  invention  known  as  the  Telautograph 
or  Telewriter.    The  subscribers  iwilh  one  share  each)   are:— E.    B.   Ellioe- 

(lark,  2,  Palace  Court,  W.,  civil  engineer;  P.  B. ,  35.  Queen  Victoria 

Street,  E.C.  Private  company.  The  first  directors  (to  number  two)  are  T. 
Bimbaum  (nomiiiiled  by,  the  Gray  European  Telautograph  Co.,  the  Inter- 
national Telautograph  Co.  and  the  Gray  National  Telautograph  Co.),  and  Sir 
J.  Q.  Craggs  (nominated  by  the  National  Telewriter  Co.,  Ltd.)  ;  remuneration 
accordinc  to  profits.     Registered  office,  20,  Bucklersbnry,  E.C. 

Strode  k  Co.,  Ltd.  (12(i.r)t3).— This  company  was  registered 
on  January  15th,  with  a  capital  of  £20,000  in  £1  shares  (5,000  preference),  to 
cirry  on  the  business  of  mechanical,  electrical,  hydraulic  and  general 
engineers  and  contractors,  &c,,  tn  take  over  the  business  carried  on  at  8  and 
4,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  E.C,  and  48,  Ojnabargh  Street,  N.W.,  as  "  Strode  and 
Co.,"  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  D.  M.  Btrjde  and  G.  W.  Strode.  The 
subscribers  (with  one  preference  share  each)  are  :— D.  M.  Strode,  49,  Osnaburgh 
Street,  N.W. ,  engineer  and  contractor;  G.  W.  Strode,  48,  Osnaburgh  Street, 
N.W.,  engineer  and  contractor.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors 
is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  five ;  the  firet  are  D.  M.  Strode 
(chairman),  G.  W.  Strode  and  A,  E.  Cumberbatob,  each  of  whom  may  retain 
office  while  holding  190  ordinary  shares.  Registered  office,  48,  Osnaburgh 
Street.  N.W. 

International    Power  and  Light  Trust,  Ltd.  (126,531).— 

Registered  January  15th,  by  Asiurst,  Morrii,  Crisp  &  Co.,  17,  Throgmorton 
Avenue,  E.C.  Capital  £10  in  £1  shares.  Objsots:  To  carry  on  the  basiness 
indicated  by  the  title.  In  the  event  ol  the  whole  of  the  shares  not  being  sub 
scribed  by  March  Slst,  1913,  the  company  shall  be  dissolved.  The  signatories 
(with  one  share  each)  are  :— J.  A.  Fuller,  110,  Sirdar  Road,  Wood  OreeD,  N., 
clerk ;  J.  H.  Chapman,  28,  Albanore  Crescent,  Lewisham,  S.E.,  clerk.  Private 
company.    Table  "  A  "  mainly  applies. 


OFFICIAL    RETURNS    OF    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


British  Ever-Read}'  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.— A  memorandum  of 

satisfaction  in  full  on  December  3Ist,  1912,  of  debenture  dated  April  6th,  1904, 
to  July  23rd,  1907,  securing  £7,500,  has  been  filed. 

English   Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.   (112,639).— Capital  £5,000,  in 

£1  shares.  Return  dated  March  8;b,  1912;  526  shares  taken  up;  £596  paid  ; 
mortgages  and  charges,  £10,000. 

LampIODgh  &  Son,  Ltd. — Mortgage  on  the  company's  under- 
taking and  property,  present  and  future,  including  the  uncalled  capital,  dated 
January  4th,  1912,  to  secure  £703.  Holders:  Obirles  Boare  A  Co.,  87,  Fleet 
Street,  E.C. 

Lichtenfleld     Burglar    Alarm,     Ltd.     (112,522)  — Capital 

£3,000  in  £1  shares.  Return  dated  December  ISth,  1912  (filed  December  19tb). 
1,710  shares  taken  up.  £1  per  share  called  up  on  1,210.  £1,210  paid.  £500 
considered  as  paid.     Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 

South  London  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd.— Issue  on 

January  7th,  1913,  of  £5,170  debentures,  part  of  a  series  of  which  particulars 
have  already  been  filed. 

Delagoa   Bay   Development   Corporation,  Ltd.  (76,099).— 

Capital, £1GC,800  in  10s.  shares.  Ueturn dated  November  14tb,  1912.  267,400share8 
taken  up.  10s.  per  share  called  up  on  177,400.  £88,740  paid,  including  £40  on 
103  shares  forfeited.  £45,000  considered  as  paid  on  90,000  shares.  Mortgages 
and  charges  :  £  IS)7,103. 

Nairobi  Electric  Power  and  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd. — Particulars 

of  £2,000  G  i)er  cent,  fourth  mortgage  debentures,  created  December  4th,  1912, 
filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies'  (Consolidation)  Act,  1908;  the 
whole  amount  being  now  issued,  Property  charged  :  The  company's  under- 
taking and  property,  present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital,  bat 
excluding  certain  specified  exceptions.    No  trustees. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Cit>  and  South  London  Railway  Co. — The  accounts 

for  the'  half-year  to  Decembsr  31st  show  a  balance  after  providing 
for  the  debenture  stock  interest,  the  payment  of  the  dividend  on 
the  5  per  cent,  preference  stocks,  1891,  1896,  1901  and  1903,  and 
the  transfer  to  the  renewal  fund  of  £1,500,  sufficient  to  allow  the 
payment  of  a  dividend  on  the  consolidated  ordinary  stock  at  the 
rate  of  i  per  cent,  per  annum,  carrying  forward  £2,588.  The 
dividend  for  the  corresponding  period  last  year  was  at  the  rate  of 
i\  per  cent,  per  annum,  carrying  forward  £2,si4. 

Liverpool    Overhead    Railway    Co.— The   directors 

recommend  the  payment  of  dividends  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per 
annum  on  the  preference  shares,  and  2J  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the 
ordinary  shares  for  the  half-year  ended  December  3 let  last. 

Nairobi  Electric  Tower  and  Lightiojc  Co.,  Ltd.— An 

interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  on  the  cumulative  pre- 
ference shares,  in  respect  of  the  years  1906  and  1907,  is  to  be  paid. 

Metropolitan   District  Railway   Co.— The   directors 

announce  n  dividend  at  the  rate  of  2  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the 
second  preference  capital.  £10,000  is  being  placed  to  renewals 
account,  and  £8,.i00  carried  forward,  as  compared  with  £2,000  last 
year. 

Montreal,  Light,  Heat  and  Power  Co.— The  directors 

have  declared  a  dividend  of  2}  per  cent,  on  the  paid-up  capital 
Btock,  being  at  the  rate  of  9  per  cent,  per  annum,  for  the  quarter  to 
January  Slst. 


Vol.72.  No.  i.«3r,,jANt;AUY24,ioi:t.]    THE    ELECTRICAL    RKVIEW. 


147 


lianarkshire  Iriunwajs  (o. 

Thk  diiBotorB'  roportlor  the  half-ycnr  ciiilod  Deccmljtr  Hist,  lUlli, 
HnyB  that  the  revenue  wtH  £41,910,  and  the  oxpennos  wore  *22. 100, 
Icavinp;  1 19,720.  From  thin  the  following  art;  dciluctcd  :  — Con- 
tributiunH  payable  to  local  authoriticH,  £N")2  ;  intoreBtondebenturcB, 
£909  ;  interest  account,  ^h'M  ;  ('xpennea  in  connection  with 
Lanark  County  TraniwayB  Act,  £81H  ;  ainountH  written  otV,  as  per 
revenue  account,  £187  =  £:t,24B  ;  Icavinir  £lt;,474,  plus  *'5,200 
broujrht  forward,  making  a  balance  of  £2l.ri74.  Of  thi.f  amount 
£9,f>()(i  has  been  placed  to  reserve  for  depreciation,  and  the  balance 
iH  to  be  dinpoBcd  of  a«  follows  :-  £  10,290  to  dividend  at  the  rate  of 
6  per  cent.  ])er  annum  for  the  half-year  on  the  issued  share  capital  ; 
£:i07  to  directors  (beinc  10  per  cent,  of  not  profits  after  payment  of 
5  per  cent,  dividend)  ;  £1,577  to  revenue  new  account.  The  traffic 
receipts  show  an  increase  of  £1,890,  and  the  expenses  an  increase 
of  £1,947,  as  compared  with  the  correspondinpf  half-year  of  1911. 
The  increase  in  expenses  was  mainly  due  to  the  cnlianced  price  of 
ooal,  heavier  charges  for  maintenance  of  permanent  way  and  for 
local  rates,  and  to  the  additional  charge  created  by  the  National 
Insurance  Act.  The  directors  have  transferred  £9,500  to 
rcferve  for  depreciation.  Interest  has  also  been  credited 
to  the  reserve,  makintf  a  total  contribution  for  the  year  of 
£11,448.  A  dividend  for  the  half-year  at  the  rate  of  G  per  cent,  per 
annum  is  recommended,  making  5  J  per  cent,  for  the  year.  The 
company's  action  against  the  Lanark  County  Council  to  restrain  the 
Council  from  utilising,  for  the  purpose  of  building  a  new  road 
known  as  Coronation  Road,  at  New  Stevenston,  part  of  the  £7,.")00 
paid  by  the  company  to  the  County  Council  under  the  order  of 
1903  for  road  widenings,  was  successful.  The  County  Council 
intended  appealing,  and  at  its  request  the  matter  has  been  arranged 
on  satisfactory  terms.  The  Lanark  County  Council  will  shortly 
proceed  with  the  construction  of  tramways  from  Uddingston  to 
Bellshill,  Mossend  and  New  Stevenston,  to  connect  up  with  the 
company's  lines.  These  new  lines  will  be  leased  to  the  company 
under  the  agreement  referred  to  in  the  directors'  report  for  J  une 
30th,  1912.  The  expenses  in  connection  with  the  Lanark  County 
Tramways  Act,  £818  have  been  written  off.  It  is  the  company's 
intention  to  shortly  inaugurate  a  service  of  motor-omnibuses. 
Daring  the  past  year  10  additional  debentures  of  £50  each  have  been 
issued.  A  further  amount  of  £4,987  was  invested  during  the  half- 
year  in  trustee  securities. 

^  H»If-year         Gross     Divi-  Miles  Passengers  Traffic    Av'r'ge     Car-    No.  o( 

ended.  profit,  dends.  open,     carried,    receipts,    fare,     mil'ge.  cars. 

June  80. 1911..  £17,173    0*%  21-28     7,074,121      £36,002      1-223.    885,322     60 

Dec.  81,1911..     19,773    Ci  %  23  32      7,757.442        39,476      1-32J.    940,607     G4 

June  30, 1912..     15,627    5A  %  23-32     7,062,7-26        36,570      l-24cl.    893,927      64 

Dec.  31, 1912.  .     19,720    6    "„  2332     8,202,018        41,367     l-21d.    955,164     61 


Edinbar^h  and  District  Tramways  Co,,  Ltd, 

Fkom  the  annual  report  it  appears  that  the  profit  for  1912  is 
*33,933,  as  against  £35,771  in  1911.  The  total  receipts  were 
£297,4«8,  compared  with  £292,477  in  1911.  The  expenditure  was 
£203,535,  as  against  £256,706  a  year  ago.  The  traffic  receipts  per 
mile  run  were  lOfUd.,  as  against  10'49d.  in  1911  ;  other  receipts 
per  mUt  run  amounted  to  O'OSd.,  the  same  as  the  previous  year, 
the  total  receipts  per  mile  run,  therefore,  being  10'G9d.,  as  against 
10'57d.  in  1911.  The  expense  per  mile  in  respect  of  working 
expenses  and  general  charges  was  5"45d.,  as  against  5'27d.  in  1911  ; 
■while  in  respect  of  Corporation  charges  for  rent,  it  was  4'02d.,  as 
against  4'Old.,  a  total  expenditure  per  mile  run  of  9'47d.,  as  com- 
pared with  9'28d.  in  1911.  The  profit  per  mile  run  was  l'22d.,  as 
compared  with  r29d.  in  1911.  The  mileage  open  was  the  same  as 
in  the  previous  year  (25J),  and  the  miles  run  were  6,676,755,  an 
increase  of  35,870.  The  total  passengers  carried  (including 
estimate  for  season  tickets)  were  64,034,090,  an  increase  of  1,466,502 
over  1911.  The  sum  at  the  credit  of  the  preference  shareholders  is 
£6,112,  which  the  directors  recommend  should  be  dealt  with  as 
follows :— (1)  In  payment  of  ordinary  dividend  for  the  half-year 
to  December  3l8t,  1912,  at  the  rate  of  5J  per  cent,  per  annum 
£2,062  ;  (2)  in  payment  of  additional  dividend  of  4  per  cent., 
*3,000  ;  (3)  in  carrying  forward  to  the  credit  of  the  preference 
shareholders  £49.  The  sum  at  the  credit  of  the  deferred  share- 
holders is  £7,370,  and  the  directors  recommend  that  it  should  be  dealt 
■with  as  follows:— (1)  In  payment  of  a  dividend  of  8s.  per  share 
for  the  year  to  December  Slst,  1912,  £7,000;  (2)  and  in  carrying 
forward  to  the  credit  of  the  deferred  shareholders  £370.  The 
motive  power  expenses  (cable)  totalled  £19,356,  and  the  cost  of 
maintenance  of  cars,  lines,  cables,  machinery,  &c.,  was  £40,156. 
Corporation  charges,  in  respect  of  the  rent  of  the  tramways, 
amounted  to  £104,505.  Passengers'  fares  represented  a  sum  of 
£291,397.  

Metropolitan    Railway    Co,— Tlie    directors    have 

declared  a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  stock  for  the  past  half-year  at 
the  rate  of  1}  per  cent,  per  annum,  placing  £7,500  to  renewals  and 
depreciation  fund  and  carrying  forward  £9,500.  A  year  ago  the 
dividend  was  the  same,  £5,000  was  set  aside  for  renewals,  and 
£9,200  was  carried  forward.  The  dividend  on  the  surplus  lands 
Btock  is  at  the  rate  of  2|  per  cent,  per  annum,  the  same  as  a 
year  ago,  while  £800  is  carried  forward,  against  £700. 

Electric  Construction  Co..  Ltd.— The  directors  have 

declared  an  interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum 
on  the  preference  shares  for  the  half-year  ended  November  30th. 

London  Electric  Railway  Co.— The   directors  have 

deilared  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  1  per  cent,  per  annum  for  the 
past  half-year  on  the  ordinary  stock,  placing  £7,500  to  renewals 
Ikn  1  carrying  forward  £3,000,  as  compared  with  £2,400  a  year  ago, 


(liaOiaiii  and  IHNtri<t  Li((bt  Kailwayw  <  o. 

Tut  director»  rejiort  for  the  half-year  ended  December  8lit,  1612. 
nhowB  that  the  revcnun  wsh  £23,977,  and  the  ezf)enw!<i  were 
£13,276,  having  £|o,;()(),  Iokh  rent  of  U'x;heiiU;r  Corporation  line* 
£1,872,  intcroHt  on  dt^benturcB  £1,192,  interiftt  a<:oount  £IH6  m 
£3,250,  le.iving  £7,451  j)lu8  balanoo  brought  forward  from  June, 
1912,  £2,14  I,  iijukinir  a  balanc<r  of  £9,592.  Of  thin  amount.  iH,r,<H> 
has  l)ecn  transfr-rred  to  rcMPrve  for  depreciation,  and  the  d.rectoni 
recommend  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  r,  jwr  cent,  jxir  annum  for  the 
half-year  on  the  )ireforcnce  Hhar(-»,  ab-jrbing  £2,910,  a  dividend 
at  tli<-  rate  of  3  per  cent.  p«T  annum  for  the  half-year  on  the 
ordinary  sharcH  requiring  £  1,590,  carrying  £562  to  revenue  new 
account.  The  trallic  recciptH  nhow  an  increaw;  of  £12,  and  the 
expenses  an  increase  of  £4  11,  a»  ompared  with  the  rcceipta  and 
expenses  for  the  correaponding  half-year  of  1911,  the  increaxc  in 
expenses  being  mainly  due  to  the  enhanced  price  of  coal.  Daring 
the  half-year  £2,100  debentures  of  the  company  were  purchasefl 
and  redeemed.  The  difference  between  the  purchase  price  and  par 
value  has  been  added  to  reserve  for  depreciation.  A  farther 
amount  of  £3,500  was  invested  during  the  half-year  in  trnstee 
securities.  Two  additional  cars,  were  purchased  and  put  into 
service  in  December. 

The    meeting    will    be    held   at   83,    Cannon   Street,    E.C.,    on 
February  4th. 


Half-year 
ended. 


Miles  Passengern  Traffic  Average         Car-  No.  of 

open.  carried.  receipts.  fare.  mileage.        ear<. 

June,  1911                 14-98  4,372,850  i'21,101  1-16  651,834            45 

Dec,  1911                  14-93  4,843  236  23.622  1-17  571,790            46 

June,  1912       . .         14-98  4,455,807  2l,.570  1-10  544,512            45 

Dec,  191'i        .  .         14-9H  4,850,273  23,634  117  667,202            47 


Stock  E.vcban$?e  Notices. — Applications  have  been 
made  to  the  Committee  to  appoint  a  special  settling  day  in- — 

Univerjal  Cheap  Cables,  Ltd.— 20,000  shares  of  £1  each  fully  paid,  Noa.  1  t 
a),000. 

And  to  allow  the  following  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official  List  :— 

Cordoba  Light,  Power  and  Traction  Co,,  Ltd.— 300,000  6  per  cent,  preference 
shares  of  £1  each  (special  application). 

Rhondda  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.— Farther  issue  of  £40,000  5  per  cent,  first 
mortgage  debentures  (registered)  of  £100  each. 

The  Committee  have  ordered  the  undermentioned  securities  to  be 
quoted  in  the  Official  List :  — 

Calgary  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— Further  issue  of  £31,000  6  per  cent.  80year  first 
mortgage  bonds  of  £100  each  (Nos.  A8,802to  4,111). 

Pennsylvania  Water  and  Power  Co.— Further  issue  of  $200,000  first 
mortgagd  sinking  fund  5  per  cent,  gold  bonds,  1940,  of  $1,000  each  (Nos.  7,681 
to  7,880). 

Great  Northern  and  ( ity  Raihvay  Co.— The  report 

as  published  in  the  financial  newspapers,  states  that  the  total 
revenue  receipts  for  the  six  months  to  December  31st  amounted  to 
£39,039,  and  the  cost  of  working  to  £21,144,  being  at  the  rate  of 
54'11  per  cent.  The  net  revenue,  including  the  balance  of  £184 
brought  from  last  half-year,  amounts  to  £18,099,  which  is  in- 
sufficient to  meet  the  company's  fixed  charges  for  the  half-year. 
The  sum  of  £5,086,  which  has  been  provided  from  outside  sources, 
has  enabled  the  company  duly  to  meet  these  charges.  The  number 
of  passengers  for  the  six  months,  including  season  ticket-holders, 
was  5,968,363,  as  against  6,119,506  for  the  corresponding  period 
last  year.  The  number  of  local  season  tickets  issued  during  the 
half-year  was  2,191,  as  against  2,327  for  the  half-year  to  December 
31st,  1911.  The  number  of  three-route  season  ticket-holders  using 
the  company's  line  during  the  half-year  was  2,889,  as  against  3,013 
for  the  corresponding  half-year.  As  already  notified,  the  directors 
have,  subject  to  the  consent  of  the  shareholders  and  to  the  neces- 
sary Parliamentary  sanction  being  obtained,  come  to  an  agree- 
ment with  the  Metropolitan  Railway  Co.  for  the  taking  over  by 
the  last-named  company,  as  from  June  30th,  1913.  of  the  under- 
taking of  the  City  Co.  The  agreement  come  to  has  been  embodied 
in  a  Bill  which  will  be  submitted  in  the  ensuing  session  of  Parlia- 
ment. The  necessary  meetings  of  the  shareholders  of  the  com- 
pany will  be  held  after  the  half-yearly  meeting  for  the  purpose  of 
submitting  the  proposals  to  the  acceptance  of  the  proprietors. 
The  arrangement,  which  involves  the  dissolution  of  the  company, 
is  one  which  the  directors  recommend  to  the  proprietors  for  their 
acceptance. 

Fusion  of  the  London  United  and  the  Metropolitan 
Tramway  Companies. — The  holders  of  upwards  of  75  per  cent, 
of  each  class  of  share  in  the  Metropolitan  and  the  London  L'nited 
Tramway  Companies  having  accepted  the  scheme  for  the  fusion  of 
their  interests  in  the  companies  named  with  the  new  company 
formed  for  giving  due  effect  thereto,  viz.,  The  London  and  Suburban 
Traction  Co.,  Ltd.,  the  latter  company,  in  a  recent  circular,  now 
intimates  that  in  consequence  of  this  support  the  fusion  scheme 
has  become  binding,  and  it  is  forwarding  transfer  forms  to  share- 
holders in  the  companies  indicated  to  enable  them  to  transfer 
their  holdings  to  the  Suburban  Co  ,  so  that  as  soon  as  practicable 
after  the  registration  of  the  transfers  the  shares  and/or  debenture 
stock  of  the  Suburban  Co.,  to  which  the  acceptors  of  the  scheme 
are  entitled  may  be  issued  to  them  with  scrip  certificates  to  bearer 
for  the  fractions,  if  any. 

British    Columbia    Electric    Railway    Co.,   Ltd, — 

The  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per 
annum  on  the  non-cumulative  preferred  ordinary  stock  for  the 
half-year  to  December  31st,  together  with  an  additional  dividend  at 
the  rate  of  1  per  cent,  per  annum  for  the  same  period. 

Brazilian  Traction,  Liglit  and   Power  Co,,  Ltd.— 

The  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  of  li  per  cent 


148 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     LVoL72.  no.  i.sas,  jaitoary  24, 1913. 


Machine  Tool  and  Enoiueerin^  Association,  Ltd. 

Is  their  second  annual  report  the  directors  state  that  since  their 
last  report  23  firms  have  joined,  brinRinir  the  membership  up  to 
over  100.  The  tinancial  position  is  satisfactory,  the  balance  in 
hand,  after  meeting  all  current  liabilities',  amounting  to  £;i,954.  It 
is  proposed  to  invest  £3,000  of  this  at  once,  the  remainder  beinp 
left  either  on  depjsit  or  current  acoount  at  the  bank.  The  directors 
do  not  recommend  the  payment  of  a  dividend,  as  they  consider  it 
necess&ry  that  the  association  should  have  ample  funds  at  command 
for  future  requirements.  It  has  been  decided  to  transfer  the  offices 
of  the  association  to  Qaeen  Anne's  Chamber?,  IJroadway,  West- 
minster, S.W. 

The  Exhibition  at  Olympia  was  successful,  both  from  the  point 
of  the  view  of  the  association  as  a  whole,  and,  so  far  as  information 
is  available,  from  that  of  the  individual  members  who  exhibited. 
The  total  number  of  exhibitors  was  292,  the  total  attendance  of  the 
public  about  100,000.  The  proportion  of  profit  on  the  Olympia 
Engineerinpr  Exhibition  appearing  in  the  account  was  to  December 
3Ist,  1912,  £3.998.  The  association  was  approaclied  by  the  Exhibi- 
tions" Branch  of  the  Board  of  Trade  with  the  view  of  joint  action 
in  org-anising-  a  collective  exhibit  of  machine  tools  at  the  Ghent 
Exhibition,  and  the  suggestion  was  approved  by  the  association, 
but  when  invitations  to  apply  for  space  were  sent  out  to  the 
members,  the  response  was  so  inadequate  as  to  make  it  clear  to  the 
directors  that  a  representative  display  was  impossible,  and  the 
scheme  was,  therefore,  abandoned. 

The  annual  meeting  was  to  be  held  yesterday  at  Caxton  Hall, 
S.W. 


East  London  Railway  Co. — In  their  report  for  the  six 

months  ended  October  31st,  the  directors  say  that  it  had  been 
hoped  that  the  electrification  work  in  hand  would  have  been  com- 
pleted in  time  for  the  line  to  be  opened  for  electrical  working  on 
March  1st.  In  view,  however,  of  some  delays  which  have  unavoid- 
ably occurred  in  the  construction  of  a  sub-station  the  line  will 
probably  not  be  ready  for  opening  until  about  a  month  later. 

Japan. — The  Yokohama  Electric  Co.,  of  Yokohama, 
reports  a  profit  of  £39,088  for  the  last  half-year,  out  of  which  a 
dividend  at  the  rate  of  11  per  cent,  per  annum  is  being  declared. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Taesday  Erening. 

Stock  E.\ch.\kge  markets  are  confused  and  obsessed  by  the  com- 
plexion of  the  Near  Eastern  queetion.  Whereas  a  couple  of  months 
ago  delay  was  supposed  to  make  for  peace,  at  the  present  time  the 
protracted  nature  of  the  negotiations  is  read  rather  as  a  bear 
factor.  It  certainly  has  a  very  restraining  ef^t  upon  business, 
and  the  inevitable  tendency  is  to  let  prices  sag.  Expectation  looks 
for  peace  to  be  maintained,  but  this  optimism  is  of  subdued  sort, 
and  agreement  is  unanimous  that  anything  might  happen  by  pre- 
cipitate action  on  the  part  of  one  of  the  many  parties  interested. 

The  Home  Railway  dividends  which  have  appeared  up  to  the 
present  are  not  particularly  brilliant  i)erformances.  So  far  as  the 
electric  lines  are  concerned,  the  District  declaration  was  the  first. 
The  company  announces  2  per  cent,  on  its  Second  Preference  stock, 
and  carries  forward  £8, .500,  the  former  being  at  the  same  rate  as 
a  year  ago,  and  the  latter  being  increased  by  £6,500.  On  the 
figures  being  publishnd,  however.  Districts  dropped  from  42  to  40:;. 
The  Metropolitan  declaration,  made  to-day  (Tuesday),  is  at  the  rate 
of  1 ,'  per  cent.,  with  £9,.'i00  forward,  the  dividend  being  the  same 
as  that  of  a  "T^ar  ago.  The  Surplus  Lands  stock  receives  2 :J  per 
cent.  '■  Mets"  fell  sharply  to  .")2,  but  rallied  to  53],  thus  showing 
a  net  gain  of  1  on  the  week. 

The  London  Electric  Railways  announces  a  dividend  at  the  rate 
of  1  per  cent,  per  annum,  and  the  City  and  South  London  reduces 
it«  1  ■}  per  cent,  of  a  year  ago,  to  J  per  cent.,  with  £2,588  carried 
forward,  against  £2,814.  The  price  of  the  stock,  however,  was  not 
affected  by  the  declaration. 

Underground  Electric  shares  have  shown  remarkable  strength, 
and  the  Ordinary  at  the  ead  of  last  week  touched  51  bid,  reverting 
later  to  £5,  which  still  leaves  a  rise  of  2s.  6d.  after  their  previous 
advances.  The  6  per  cent.  Income  Debenture  stock  is  alto  better, 
and  so  are  the  Is.  shares,  but  the  company's  Income  Bonds 
are  i  down.  There  are  no  quotable  changes  in  Central  Londons, 
or  in  Great  Northern  and  City  shares.  The  latttr  company  has 
just  issued  what  is  likely  to  be  its  last  report,  previous  to  being 
tttkea  over  by  the  Metropflitan  Railway.  London  United  Tram- 
wavs  retain  their  prices,  and  this  group  as  a  whole  is  steady. 

The  electricity  supply  market  sfhows  firmness  in  several  directions. 
For  example  :  Bromptons  are  k  higher,  and  so  are  Edmundsons' 
Preference  and  St.  James'  Ordinary  ;  while  rises  of  ^^3  have  been 
secured  by  Metropolitan  Preference  and  Edmunds:0n8'  Non-Corau- 
lative  Preference.  On  the  other  side  of  the  sheet.  South  Londons 
and  County  Ordinary  are  both  lower,  the  latter  losing  -j^.  Midland 
Corporation  Debenture  has  been  in  demand,  and  the  quotation 
has  risen  to  par.  One  or  two  proposals  are  in  the  air  for  the 
flotation  of  provincial  electric  supply  companies,  and  the  latent 
which  has  come  under  our  notice  is  a  KCheme  for  uniting  several 
well-known  towns  on  the  .Sussex  coast  for  this  purpose. 


The  mention  of  new  issues  is  a  reminder  of  the  draft  pros- 
pectus in  circulation  with  particulars  of  the  Hydro- Electric  Con- 
cessions, Ltd.,  a  smiU  concern  with  a  capital  of  £21,000,  formed  to 
investigate  and  -organise  hydroelectric  power  and  public  utility 
enterprises  in  various  parts  of  the  world.  The  ultimate  purpose, 
of  course,  is  to  form  large  public  comi>anie.s  through  this  parent. 
No  doubt  the  success  of  the  hydroelectric  power  companies  in 
some  of  the  Canadian  cities  is  at  least  partially  responsible  for  this 
latest  project. 

Latin-Canadian  enterprises  are  mostly  a  firm  market,  the  steady 
progress  which,  the  best  of  them  are  making,  leading  to  quiet 
absorption  of  the  various  issues.  The  Kaministiijuia  Power  Com- 
pany, for  instance,  has  just  raised  its  dividend  to  5  per  cent,  for 
the  new  quarter,  while  issuing  an  excellent  report  in  respect  of. 
the  past  financial  twelvemonth.  Shawinigan  Water  has  risen  3-1.' 
British  Columbia  Electric  stocks  are  all  strong,  with  rises  in  the 
Deferred  and  Preferred  stocks.  Rio  bonds  are  J  better,  and  so  are 
Sao  Paulo  bonds.  Brazilian  Traction  shares  rose  to  102  on  strongf 
buying  orders  from  a  Brussels  group.  Southern  Electric  Trams  of 
Buenos  Ayres  Debenture  put  on  2  points,  and  several  prices  which 
were  quoted  rx  dividend  last  Thursday  have  started  to  recover  part 
of  the  distributions.  Affairs  in  Mexico,  according  to  the  latest 
intelligence,  are  still  in  a  very  unsettled  condition,  though  this 
does  not  appear  greatly  to  trouble  proprietors  of  the  utilities  com- 
panies' shares  and  bonds.  Other  foreign  tramway  and  power 
descriptions  are  firm,  with  the  exception  of  Northern  Light  and 
Power  bonds,  the  price  of  which  has  been  marked  down  from  27J  to 
15.  A  seller  apparently  forced  stock  on  to  an  unwilling  market, 
and  purchases  were  made  at  10.  Asa  simple  gamble,  the  bonds 
might  be  worth  buying  about  1 1  for  an  upward  reaction.  Kalgoorlie 
Preferences  are  ^c  lower  at  1  Is.  3d.  Madras  Electric  Debenture  rose 
1  to  102. 

Excitement  has  quieted  down  to  a  large  extent  in  the  market  for 
National  Telephone  stock,  but  the  price  shows  a  still  further  depre- 
ciation, and  stock  changed  hands  several  times  below  par  early  this 
week.  Estimates  of  the  price  at  which  the  stock  will  be  repaid  are 
extremely  wide,  ranging  from  about  l.-)0,  predicted  by  the  Daili/ 
Trlp(/ra;)/i,  to  93,  which  the  Economic  conservatively  calculates — the 
other  prophets  making  various  estimates  between  these  figures. 
The  award  is  condemned  iadignantly  and  unsparingly  by  many 
disappointed  holders,  who  stigmatise  it  as  sheer  robbery  and 
spoliation  ;  but  it  has  a  few  defenders,  and  theie  contend  thit 
though  the  taxpayer  may  have  got  a  good  bargain,  it  is  by  no 
means  the  absurd  one  which  National  Telephone  Deferred  pro- 
prietors in  some  cases  maintain.  The  DaUij  Ti'Ipgrapk,  by  the 
way,  informed  us  on  Tuesday  that  Consols  had  declined  on  the 
previous  day  to  74 J^'  ''per  oz,"  so  maybe  its  Telephone  calculation 
is  worked  out  by  some  table  other  than  sterling. 

The  Marconi  market  has  recovered  some  of  its  mercurial 
properties,  the  price  moving  very  fast  between  3 J  and  ii'^.  On 
publication  of  the  letter  addressed  by  the  company  to  the  House  of 
Commons'  Committee,  asking  for  the  contract  with  the  Govern- 
ment to  be  nullified,  the  Stock  Exchange  market  was  completely 
puzzled,  and,  for  the  moment,  the  price  of  the  shares  dropped. 
Discussion  and  debate  on  the  company's  object  in  doing  this  led  to 
the  view  that  it  was  a  bold  policy  which  might  have  a  very  useful 
effect.  The  fear  that  another  Committee  might  be  appointed  to 
deal  with  the  agreement  alone  had  led  to  the  idea  that  it  might  be 
many  months  before  any  definite  agreement  was  reached,  and  what 
the  Stock  Exchange  hates  above  anything  else  is  suspense.  The 
company's  request  for  the  agreement  to  be  voided  was,  therefore, 
hailed  as  likely  to  whip  up  matters  rapidly  ;  and  the  bears  saw  in 
it  suflicient  justification  for  climbing  in,  because  if  the  agreement 
is  ratified,  it  is  fairly  safe  to  assume  that  Marconis  will  not  stop 
at  3i'  for  long.  The  Preference  shares  and  the  shares  of  the  sub- 
sidiary undertakings  rallied  in  sympathy,  the  whole  market  taking 
on  a  better  appearance. 

Other  Telegraph  stocks  are  quietly  firm.  There  was  a  slump  in 
American  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Capital  stock  on  free  offering 
from  New  York,  and  at  137  the  price  shows  a  drop  of  (i.  The 
President-elect's  recent  fulminations  against  trusts  has  caused  con- 
siderable uneasiness  in  Wall  Street,  and  fairly  substantial  falls  iu 
American  Rails  were  followed  as  a  natural  sequence  by  declines  in 
other  American  issues  of  a  trust  character.  West  India  and  Panamas 
are  more  in  favour,  the  price  gaining  J  ;  and  with  the  approach  of 
the  time  for  the  opening  of  the  Panama  Canal,  it  is  expected  that 
these  shares  will  appreciate  still  further.  They  are,  of  course,  a 
very  speculative  holding.  Great  Northern  Telegraphs  rose  10s.  ; 
Eastern  Extensions  are  J  higher,  allowing  for  the  dividend  :  and 
Eastern  Telegraph  stock,  also  e.c-dividend,  is  about  i  up  on  balance. 
Direct  United  States  Cable  shares  recovered  their  dividend  deduc- 
tion of  28.  6d. 

The  Manufacturing  division  is  inanimate.  There  has  been  a 
good  rise  in  Britith  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cable  shares,  the  Ordinary 
advancing  to  8.1,  while  Callenders  are  again  i  higher  at  1 1,',.  One 
or  two  buyiiip  orders  for  British  Westinghouse  Preference  had  the 
effect  of  causing  the  priee  to  harden  to  12s.  (id.  middle.  A'mament 
shares  are  better  on  the  whole.  In  the  Rubber  market  a  trifling 
decline  in  the  price  of  the  raw  stuff  led  to  the  leading  speculative 
shares  being  put  down  a  little,  though  for  the  purely  investmen 
descriptions  the  public  demand  baa  not  slackened. 


American  Telephone  and  Telpgraph  Co. — According 

to  the  Fin/iiiiifr,  a  special  meeting  of  the  stockholders  will  be  held 
on  the  30th  inst.,  in  New  York,  to  consider  and  act  upon  the  ques- 
tidh'of  authorleing  the  issue  of  convertible  bonds. 


Vol.  78,   No.  1,886,  JA5CABT  u4,  1018.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    IIEVIE"W. 


149 


SHARK     LIST     OF     ELEOTRIOAL     OOMPANIEB 


ENGLISH    ELECTRICITY   SUPPLY   AND   POWER   COMPANIES. 


Bonrnomouth  ft  Pools,  Ord,    .. 

Do.    4J%Prc( 

Do.    Bocoiid  8  %  Prof. 

Do.     44  %  Orb.  Htook.. 
Brompton  ft  KenslnKton,  Ord... 

Do.    1 2f,  Cum.  Pref 

Central  Bleotrlo  Supply,  4  %  I 

GnHr,  Deb.  f 

Ohsring  Orota,  West  End  ft  Olty 

Do,    ii  %  Onra.  Pref 

Do.     "  Olty     Undertaking  " ) 
4i  %  Gum.  Pref.  / 

Do.  Do.  4%  Dob 

OhelBea,  Ord 

Do.    44  %  Deb.  . . 
Olty  of  London,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Prel.   . 

Do.    B%Deb.    .. 

Do.    4i  %  Second  Deb. 
County  of  London,  Ord.. 

Do.    6%  Pref.  .. 


Do.    4*%  Deb. 

Do,    4{  %  Second  Deb. 
EdmnndBon's,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref.    . . 

Do.    fiV,  NonCum.  Pref. 

Do.    4i  %  First  Mori.  Deb.  . 
FoIkcBtone 

Do.    B%  Cum.  Pref.    .. 

Do.    4i%FiratDeb.  .. 
BoTo 


10 
10 

Block 

e 

0 

too 


10 

stork 

100 


Stock 
Stock 


Oloalng 
(juotHtlonB 

.lun.  UlHt. 


9*—  IL 

8}^  n: 

10  -  lOi 

B(i  —  !« 

H-    H 
8J—    9 


4a-    6* 

4J-    41 

nj-  4il 
9'J  —  94 

4a-  Si 
9r.  —  0!) 
16  -  18 

la  —  i»i 

llfi  —ISO      ■ 
ICO  —102 

II;--  lU 

lU-  12 
104—106      • 

!)8  —101 

IJ-  18 
82  —  sr,  xd 

4J-    6J 

4S-  6i 
90  —  93  xd 

7J—    8 


Rlio 

+  or 
Fall 


+  * 


+  A 


Preienl 
Yield 

P.O. 


J  1.  d. 

6  4  9 
4  la  4 
8  14  8 
4  11  10 
0    0    8 

3  IT    9 

4  18 

4  17    7 

4  12    4 

8    2  10 


n  0 

9  0 

H  4 

8  U 

1  1 

0  0 
4  II 

8  8 
Nil 


6  5  11 
6  17  1 
4  17  7 
4  17  10 
6  12    6 


Dlrldendu! 
for 


Keniinglon  ft  Knigfaiabrldge,  Old 

Do.     4%  Deb 

Koni  Bloo.  Power,  44  %  Deb.  .. 
London  KInctrlo,  Ord 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    4  %  KlrBl  Mori.  Deb.    .. 
Metropolitan  

Do.    4i%0nm.  Pref 

Do.    4l  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . . 

Do.    8j%  Mort.  Dob 

Midland  Bleotrlo  Corporation ) 

4i  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Newoastle-on-Tyne  6  %  Pref.,  i 

NoD-Cum.  I 

North  Metropolitan  Power  Sop- 1 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  / 

Netting    Bill,    6  %  Non-Cnm. ) 

Pref. ; 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Prel 

Do.    84  %  Deb 

Smlthfleld  Markets,  Ord. 
South  London,  Ord 

Do.    B  %  First  Mort.  Deb,    . . 
South  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref.. . 

Do.    ii  %  First  Deb.  Stook  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4i  %  First  Mort.  Deb. . . 
Westminster,  Ord, 

Do.    4i%  Cum.  Fret 


Clotinc 

Quotations 
Jan.  ila. 


•      1911, 
B    I    9 


Stock 
Stook 


Stook 
B 


Stock 
Stock 


100 

84 

6 

a 

4 

fi 

i     100 

8 

1 

T 

100 

4Jk 

£3 

Nil 

6 

a 

100 

*i 

6 

10 

6 

4 

100 

«4 

6 

6 

100 

6 

10 

S 

6 

.1* 

U19. 

8>        7»-    81 
4        Va  —  96 
44  I    76  —  M  x'l 
14-    2 
4i-    6i 
80  —  93 
8,1-    E{ 
*k-    *» 
1.7  -ICO 
81-86 
99  -  101 

4|-    41 

994  -^(■^ 

9i-  lOJ 

SI-  loj 
61-  7» 
84  —  87 
1»-    II 

2}-  m 

97  —100 
9^-  99" 

a|-  si 

er.  —  88 


RIm   Praaenl 
4  or      yield 
Pall        p.R. 


4  •.  d. 
..       6  10 
..448 

6  12    * 
..        3  18    'I 

♦  iV,  •  '<   •• 

+  1        4    7    0 


+  A 


8    H    a 

(I    0 

{  4  10    0 

8 


+  IJ  !  4    »     1 


k    !« 


COLONIAL  AND  FOREIGN  ELECTRICITY  SUPPLY  AND  POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pref 

Calcutta,  Ord 

Do.    B%Pref 

Calgary  Power,  1st  Mort.  Eds. 
Canadian  Qen.  El.  Com, 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and  T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Bleo.  Lt.  and  P.  of  Coohabamba, ) 

6  %  Bonds  I 

Bleo.  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  Ist ) 

Mort.  Deb.  f 

Elec.  Dev,  Ontario,  E   %   Isti 

Mort.  Bonds  J 

Kalgoorlle  Bleo.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Kamlnl8tlquiaPower,6%  Q.  Bs. 

Madras,  Ord.  

Melbourne,  B  %  1st  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  Kl.  Lt^  8  %  1st  M.  Bds. 
Uezlcan  Lt.  ft  Power,  Common 

Do.    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    8  %  1st  Mort.  Gold  Bde. 


8 

6 

6 

8* 

71 

6 

6 

100 

B 

«100 

7 

$100 

7 

1 

H 

5 

too 

5 

5 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

E 

$B00 

6 

8 

10/. 

Nil 

1 

K 

«■ 

$500 

6 

8 

6 

Ml 

100 

6 

B 

H 

6     1 

$100 

4 

41 

$100 

7 

7 

6 

E 

Bi-    BS 

6    6    8 
6  19    4 

*Vi-    BfJ, 

4  16    5 

92  -  94 

6    6    8 

116  —12(1 

6  16    8 

120  —124 

8  13    0 

9^.5' 

6    6    8 

6     1     0 

fa  -  P5 

6    6    4 

90  —  93 

5    7    6 

954-  974 

5    3    7 

A-     A 

Nil 

4-     2 

-rV 

9  16    2 

102  —104 

4  16    3 

ii-    U 

101  — ICi 

4  16    a 

P,5  -  87 

6  15    0 

82  —  86xd 

— 1 

4  13    0 

10(1  -110 

6    7     H 

964-  98J 

5     1-6 

Monterey  Rly.  Light  ft  Power, ) 

5  %  1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power   .. 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal,  1 

6  %  l8t  Mort.  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Roy.  Elec.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  1 

let  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Bhawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6%  Con.  Ist  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb. 
Vera  Cruz  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  B  %  1  I 
1st  Mort.  Deb.  J  I 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 
West  Kootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 
1st  Mort,  6  %  Sold  / 


100 

$100 
$600 
Stook 

Do. 

Do. 

100 
$100 

$600 
Stock 
Do. 

100 

I 

100 


6 

6 

8 

9t 

5 

5a 

10 

H 

fl 

6 

6 

a 

«4 

6 

6 

6 

6 

n 

H 

6 

6 

njd. 

l7Sd. 

6 

6 

88  -  90  xd 

237  -242 

10  —  20 

217  —227 
1U«  —111 
iro  —102 

98  —100 

151  — lf4  xd 
105,\  -1074 
100* -102  J 
984-1004 

+34 

91  —  94 

\i-   1 

1034-1064 

6  II 
3  14 


4  8 

6  8  S 
4  18  0 

4  10  0 

3  4  n 

4  13  U 
4  7  10 
4  9  7 
6  6  5 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amason  Telegraph 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep,  ft  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do.    CoUat.  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  -  Portogaese   Tel.,  6  %  ) 
Mort.  Deb,  / 

Chill  Telephone 

Commeroial  Cable,  Stlg.  4%  Deb. 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do.    10%  Pref 

Direot  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.    10%  Cum.. Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg.  Deb.  / 
Bastern  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do,    84  %  Pref.  Btook. . 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Bastern  Extension 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  S.  Africa  Tel.  4  %\ 
Mt,  Db.  Mauritius  Sub.  J 
Qlobe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%  Pref 

STeat  Northern  Telegraph  , . 
Indo-European  TelRgraph  .. 
Mackay  Companies  Common  ,. 

Do.    4%  Cum.  Pref.    .. 
Uaroonl's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    1  %  Cum.  Partio.  Pref. 


10 

4 

44* 

stock 

5 

b 

$100 

8 

fit 

$1000 

4 

4 

Stook 

H 

H 

Do. 

H 

n 

Do. 

80/. 

100 

6 

6 

6 

7 

8 

Stook 

4 

4 

10 

6 

61 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

4t 

8 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

100 

«4 

«4 

Stock 

7 

71^ 

Do. 

B4 

84 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7t 

Stook 

* 

4 

96 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

6 

6 

10 

IH 

18 

36 

18 

5+ 

$100 

6 

6 

$100 

4 

4 

1 

20 

1 

17 

7- 

97  - 
136  - 

91  - 

664- 
IIO4- 

24f- 


7A 
99 


133 

78 


98  - 

103- 
12j!- 
28i- 
664- 
87  - 


674  xd 
1114  xd 

-  25  xd 

-104 

-  7J 

-  82 

-  9 

-  17 

-  n 

-  7 

-  7gxd 
-101 
-136 

-  80 

-  98 

-  184  ^<1 


m 

30* 

684 

91 
71 


+  i 


+  i 


+  4 


.6    0    0 

5    10 

5  15  U 

4    6    0 

4    811 

6,7    7 

6    0    0 

4  16    2 

5    8    3 

4  17    7 

6  13    4 

5  17    8 

5    6    8 

7    2  10 

6  15     7 

4    9    0 

6    2  U 

4    7    6 

4     1    8 

6    3    8 

4     1     8 

8  19    8 

6  10    4 

4  13    2 

5  18    0 

6  11     1 

6    9  11 

■5  12    8 

4  12  10 

4  10    8 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord. . . 

Do,    6%  Pref 

National  Telephone  Def, 

New  York  Telep.,  44%  Gen.  Ends. 

Oriental  Telep,  and  Elec. 

Do.    6%  Cum,  Pref 

Do.    4  %  Red.  Deb 

Pacific  and  European  Tel.,  4  %  I 
Guar.  Debs.  / 

Renter's       

Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  %  1 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs,,  1   to  1,600) 

guar,  by  Braz,  Sub.  Tel.  / 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Ist  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  2nd  Pref.       .. 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg,  Bonds 


1 

6 

6i 

I 

5 

6 

stook 

n 

100 

«4 

44 

1 

8 

fit 

1 

A 

A 

Stook 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

lot 

Cert, 

6 

6 

Stook 

«4 

44 

I 

8 

R 

'k 

34 

100 

10 
10 
ID 
100 
ID 
Stock 
$1000 


?i—     H 

99  —  10 1 
971-  98J 

875  -  8dJ  xd! 
67*  -  994 

m-  HI 

127  —180 


'rt —    'la 

95—98 

lu  —  104 

94-  10 

lOl  —103 

184-  m 

94  —  96 
97* -1004 


—  4 

+  4 


6  18  0 

6  18  6 

4  ii  a 

4    9  10 

4  18  6 

4    8  6 

4    0  5 


8  12 
4  12 


6  14  3 
6  0  0 
4  17-  1 


*  Unless  other>vise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants. 


t  Interim  Dividend, 


t  Ss,  in  Funded  Dividend  Certs 


ICOXTINttlr  ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


150 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW.    [Voi.  n.  No.  \,%z\  jakuaby  24,  1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OF    ELECTRICAL    COMPANIES.-(^:<'MtiwM<i.) 

ELECTRIC  BAILWATS  AND  TRAJnf AT8.— HOME. 


Bktb  Tnms,  Prel.  Ord 

Do.    6%  Prel 

Do.    i\  %  Deb 

Brit.  Eleo.  Tree,  6  %  Pref.     .. 

Do.        Do.  Deferred 

Do.        Do.  6  %  Cum.Pr'f. 

Do.  7%Non-Cum.  Pr'f. 

Do.  B  ■? ,  Perp.  Deb.      . . 

Do.  44  %  ana  Deb.      . . 

OeDtfkl  London  Bailwky,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Def 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

City  ft  Booth  Loadon,  Ord, 

Do.    6  %  Pref.,  1891     . . 

Do.         Do.         1896     .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1908     .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Dublin  United  Trami,  6  %  Pref. 
Great  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
BaetingB  Trame,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    a  %  Deb 

ale  of  Thanet  Trams,  5%  Pref. 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Lanoasbtre  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
tx>ndon  Elec.  Railw'ys,4  %  Deb. 
Ijondon  United  TraniB,E%  Pref. 

Do.  4%  Deb 


1 

I 

100 
100 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

100 

100 
100 
100 


100 
100 
100 


Dividends 
tor 


1819. 
NU 


Closing 
Qaotations 
Jan.  aist. 


6 
5 

\ 

4 

4 

6 

n 

Nil 

Nil 

fi 

6< 

.1 

A* 

4 

4 

6 

( 

4 

4 

Nil 

4 

4 

7*  —  81 

11  —  l.H 
S  —    7 

87  —  90 

88  —  41 
9-->  —  etJ 
77-81 

ea  —  81 
8:)  —  85 
83  —  84 
W  —ICO 
S7'.-  .IFJ 
10!)"— HI 
109  —HI 
109  -lil 
lev.)  —Ill 
98  —1011 

12  —  13 

«-  «l 
69  —  74 

2j-  n 

7S  —  go 
7S  —  80 
95  —  97 
B  —  6 
69  —  73 


Rise 

Present 

+  or 

yield 

Fall 

P.O. 

— 

4  a.  d. 

NU 

6   8    1 

J-, 

6  11    1 

6  iii  4 

6     4    2 

6    7    3 

.. 

3  11     5 

4  14    2 

—  1 

a  7  7  : 

4    0    0! 

41 

8  11    5   : 

4  10    I 

4  to    1 

4  10    1 

4  10     1    1 

4    0    0 

4  12    4 

Nil        1 

8    6    8  1 

6    1     7  ! 

4  15    y 

5    0    0 

6    5    0 

4    a   6 

6  11    1 

HetropoUtan  Raihrwr  Oouol. . . 

Do.    Bnrplas  Ijands     . . 

Do.    Bi%Deb 

Do.    8}  %  Pref 

Do.    8}  %  Con.  Pref 

MetropoUtan  Dislrlot  Ord,      . . 

Do.    6  %  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4%PriorIJen    .. 

Do.    i\  %  First  Pref 

Do.    84%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Elec.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    Def 

Do.    6%  Pref 

•Do.    4i%Deb 

Do.    5%  Deb 

PotterloB,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

South  Metro,  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Underground     Eleo,    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    C%  First  Cum.  Inc.  Deb, 

Do.    4i%  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Biding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    4i%Deb 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 

100 

1 


100 
100 

1 
1 

100 

1 

100 
10 

1/- 

100 

100 

100 

6 


ELECTBICAL   BAILWATS   AND   TRAMWATS.-COLONIAL   AND   FOBEIfiN. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  Ist  Prel.     . . 

Do.    and  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%Deb 

ADckland  Trams,  B  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Elec.  8.  &  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    B  %  and  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and! 

ro«er  / 

Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ord,     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

B.  Colombia  Eleo.  Rly.,  Del,    .. 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    4^  %  let  Mort.  Deb.      . . 

Do.    41  %  Vancouver  Deb.    .. 

Do.    4}  %  Con.  Deb 

Oalcotta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    B%Prel 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Oape  Electric  Trams 

City  BaenoB  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.     4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr.  4  Lt.,  6  %  Deb. 
Havana  Eleo.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  ., 

Do.    5%ADeb 

Do.    e%BDeb 


100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
100 
100 


100 

100 

100 

100 

40 

100 

100 

6 

6 

100 

1 

6 

100 

100 

tlOOO 

1 

100 

100 


il-    5» 

.. 

6    7    4 

921-  94J 

6  14    8 

4    4     8 

98  -100 

4  10    0 

98i-10C* 

4  19    6 

101  — io:t 

4  17    1 

114-  I2i 

4  18    0 

96  —  98 

4  11  10 

97  -  99 

5    1     0 

101  —103 

+  3 

4-    5i 

5    8    6 

4  15    S 

99  -102 

4    8    8 

141   -145 

4  2 

6  10    4 

ISO  -124 

41 

4  10    9    1 

105  — lOSxd 

4  12    7     ! 

100  —103 

475; 

101  -103  xd 

4    7    6     1 

97  -100 

4    5    0 

55-    6i 

.. 

5  12    0 

m-  6A 

4  n    7 

97  —100  ■ 

4  10    0 

a~    3 

BrW-  m 

4    8    0 

bi  —100 

6    0    0 

93-97 

6    8    1 

98  — 1C2  xd 

4  18    0 

A-     A 

NU 

85-88 

6  13    8 

80-40 

Eia  Plata  Elec.  Trms,  Ord, 

Do.  Prel.    

Usbon  Elec.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  . . 
Manaos  Trams  A  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Eleo.  R.and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Oen.  Con.  5  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys.  &  Lt.,  Ord.     . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  let  Deb 

Perth  (W.A.)  Eleo.  Tr.,  Ord,    . . 

Do.    6%  Ist.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Sap.,  Pref. .. 

Do.    44  %  1st  Deb 

RIode  Janeiro  Trame,  Ist  Mort.  1 
6  %  Bonds  I 

Do.    6%  Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Paolo  Tram,   Lt.  and  P.  > 
6  %  1st  Deb.  ) 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Southern  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  6  %  Deb. 
Un.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo.  Rly.,  4i  %  Deb, 


I 

Nil 

1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

61 

1 

6 

100 

6 

100 

6 

100 

6 

91000 

6 

•100 

7 

Tt 

B 

100 

6 

B 

10 

W 

6 

6 

100 

E 

1 

5 

64 

100 

6 

6 

6 

100 

44 

4 

6 

100 

e 

•500 

6 

100 

6 

100 

6 

6 

7 

m 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

H 

4i 

u 

;• 

91-96 

101  —108 

41 

87  —  90 

1004—1024 

., 

110  -112  xd 

98  —100 

101  —103 

7i-    8 
4i-    5S 

98-100 

lJ5^Z,^» 

6i-    5J 

.. 

97  -9'l 

101  —103 

4  4 

964-  984 

1034-1054 

4  4 

ea  —  66 

99-101 

42 

r-^ 

99  -10a 

99A-1024 

MANUFACTUBIN6  COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Babcock  i  Wilcox 

Do.    Pref.  

British  AluminiDm,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    B  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  .. 

Do.    Deb.  Btk 

B.I.  ft  Belsby  Cablei 

Do.    Prel.  

Do.    Deb 

British  ThomsonHouston,  Deb. 
British  Weslingbonse,  Prel.    . . 

Do,    Deb 

Do,    6  %  Prior  Lien    . . 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do,     Pref 

Brash,  7%  Pref 

Do.    B  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     . . 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb, 
Oallender'B  Cable 

Do.    Fref 

Do.    Deb 

Uastnar-Kellner 

Do.    Deb 


1 

0 

1 

6 

6 

1 

98 

14i 

1 

6 

6 

1 

Nil 

1 

Nil 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

B 

6 

10 

81   , 

6 

6 

" 

100 

*i 

4 

100 

*l 

4 

8 

Ni! 

Ni    ' 

100 

4 

4     , 

100 

6 

6    ' 

1 

1 

.,    1 

1     a 

Nil 

Nil 

100 

6 

6 

100 
100 

^ 

S 

6 

16 

lot 

6 

B 

5 

100 

44 

44 

1 

90 

20 

100 

*i 

H 

J-   J 

H-   Yi 

IS-  14 

6-     I 

J*-    ^s 

90  —  98 
86-89 
8  -  6ii 
6«-  68 
102  —104 
94  —  96 

*-     i 

58'-  6! 
100  —108 

a/. -8/. 
4/6-*/. 

0-    i 

7.?—  78 
47  —  B2 
28  —  8a 
103—  lU 

07  —100 
BfH-     BjJ 
106  —109 


8    0    0 

7    7    8 

4  14    0 

4    0    0 

4i 

5  '7    fi 

6  la  4 

4  i 

5  17    8 
4  It     I 
4    6    7 
4  18    9 

4  4 

:: 

Nil 
8  11    a 
6  16    6 

NU 

NU 

NU 
6    8    3 
8  IS    a 
14     1     4 

1 

4  i 

6  10    6 
4  17    7 
4  10    0 
6    5    0 
4    3    7 

Crompton  ft  Oo,    ..        .. 

Do.    Deb 

Dick,  Eerr 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

EdiBon  &  Bwan,  A,  MB  paid 

Do.    fully  paid  .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Do.    5  %  Second  Deb. 
Blectrio  Construction    ., 

Do.    Pref. 
Greenwood  ft  Batley,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

General  Electric,  Pref.  , . 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

India.Rubber,  Q,  ft  T,     . . 

Do.    Prof 

Telegraph  Construction . , 

Do.    Deb 

WiUans  ft  Robinson 

Do,    Pref. 

Do.    Deb 


8 
100 


100 

6 

6 

100 

100 

a 
a 

10 
100 
10 
100 
6 
6 
100 
10 


100 

1 

6 

100 


Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.     1  Interim  dividend. 


BanI'  rate  of  Di'tcaunt  t  pur  cant.  October  17th.  1918. 


Vol.  73.  No.  i.8»ft,  jandary  24.  nns.]    ^f jjl^    EliECTRIOAL    REVIEW.  151 


CONTROL    OF    THREE-PHASE    VARIABLE 
SPEED    A.C.    MOTORS. 


- 

. 

/ 

^ 

\/ 

— 

J 

TilRKK  riiAsK  altciniile-ciirrcnt  iiioIoik  arc  now  used  in 
many  indnstrinl  np|ilicntions  in  wbicli  Rome  (I('>,Mce  of  speed 
repnlation  is  desiiublc.  Such  regulation  is  hii)ecially  neccs- 
Hai7  for  cccnoiuy  in  the  case  of  motors  driviuR  pit  fans.  At 
the  tiuje  of  openinj,'  Llie  pit,  the  vohimc  of  air  :'ci|iiircd  for 
vcntilntiou  may  lie  only  )()-7('  per  (;ent.  of  the  volume 
ultimately  needed.  Assuming  that  the  initial  re(|uirementK 
are  as  hifjii  as  70  jier  cent,  of  the  final  niaximnni  value,  the 
power  required  during  the  earlier  stages  is  only  .{.''i-IO  per 
cent,  of  that  re(|uired  for  maxiuuiui  delivery.  It  is 
obviously  important  that  the  speed  reduction  be  obtained  as 
ellicieiitly  as  possible.  According  to  the  special  conditions 
of  the  case,  tlie  fan  may  run  at  reduced  output  for  one,  two, 
three  or  more  years,  hence  any  system  whicli  imiiroves  the 
running  etticieney  at  reduced  speed  easily  recovers  the 
heaviest  additional  capital  outlay  which  is  likely  to  be 
involved. 

The  most  obvious  method  (to  the  electrical  engineer)  of 
controlling  the  speed  of  a  three-phase  slip-ring  motor,  is  to 
insert  more  or  less  external  resistance  in  the  rotor  circuit. 
To  the  mechanical  engineer,  the   most 
obvious  means  of   controlling  the   fan 
delivery  is  to  throttle  the    inlet  pas- 
sage.     Both  of  these  methods  are  in- 
efficient and  involve   large  dead  losses, 
but  of  the  two  the  former  is  far  prefer- 
able. 

In  the  Electricai.  Hkview,  August 
23rd,  1912,  pp.  28.5-286,  particulars 
were  given  of  the  efficiency  of  the 
simple  cascjide  system  in  connection 
with  pit  fan  motor  control,  and  it  was 
shown  that  this  system  offers  consider-: 
able  advantages  as  regards  efficiency  and 
])0wer  factor.  The  data  given  below 
compare  throttle  and  simple  resistance 
control  with  the  Scherbius  system  in 
operating  a  ('.,")0-H.r.,  2,000-volt,  50 
cycles,  three-phase  motor  driving  a 
Kateau  fan  of  present  and  ultimate 
capacity,  5,(i00  and  8,000  cb.  m. 
j>er  mill,  respectively.  The  general  principle  of  the 
Scherbius  system  is  well  known.  In  the  present  case,  the 
main  three-phase  slip-ring  motor  is  pro^■ided  with  speed 
regulation  between  150  and  220  R.r.M.,  and  drives  the 
ventilating  fan  at  corresponding  speeds  ranging  from  .Vlh  to 
475  R.r.M.  Speed  control  is  obtained  by  varying  the 
excitation  of  an  alternating-current  commutator  motor  con- 
nected to  the  main  motor  rotor,  thus  applying  variable  back 
K.M  K.  to  the  latter.  When  the  speed  of  the  main  motor  is 
less  than  normal  (here  485  r.I'.ji.)  slip  energy  is  trans- 
ferred to  the  commutator  motor  which  drives  an  induction 
generator  feeding  energy  back  to  the  supply  mains.  The 
necessary  hand  and  automatic  switchgear  is  provided  for 
starting  and  controlling  purposes  ;  this  need  not  be  con- 
sidered in  the  present  connection,  but  a  full  description  ia  to- 
be  found  in  "  (Huckauf,"  48  pp.  1,(1(;8  d  khj. 

A  centrifugal  governor  is  mounted  on  the  converter  shaft 
and  coupled  to  an  isolating  switch,  so  that  energy  supply  is 
interrupted  in  the  event  of  tlie  converter  racing,  owing  to 
any  fault  which  pre\enls  return  of  energy  to  the  bus-bars. 
Sjiecial  switchgear  is  provided  to  enable  the  stator  coils  of 
the  main  motor  to  be  placed  in  "  star  "  for  low  speeds  and  in 
"  delta  "  for  high  speeds  :  as  shown  by  fig.  2,  this  convei- 
sion  considerably  improves  the  overall  efficiency  at  low  speeds 
and  improves  the  commutation  of  the  converter  motor  by 
keeping  the  applied  voltage  at  a  low  value. 

By  the  use  of  a  phase  transformer  and  switchgear,  the 
power  factor  of  the  main  motor  can  be  brought  to  unity  or  a 
leading  current  can  be  taken  if  desired  (though  etliciency  is 
then  somewhat  sacrificed  owing  to  the  higher  copper  loss). 
For  convenience  and  efficiency,  it  is  desirable  to  jilace  the 
wliole  equipment  within  as  small  a  space  as  possible,  but,  if 
so  desired,,  the  .main  and  B,uxilijiry,pa.rt.»  caii  be  located  in 
separate  rooms.  .  ....•■     . 


The  light  Ioesch  in  th*^  prcHcnt  equipment  at  varioimHpee<lH 
are  shown  in  fig.  1,  and  the  overall  efficiency  on  load  f^at 
various  speeds  and  hence  volume  outputs),  is  shown  by 
Curve  A,  fig.  2.  This  iiirvc  clearly  hIiowk  tho  gain  in 
efficiency  by  star  connection  when  running  at  low  Bpeeds 
I  the  decreased  iron  losses  then  more  than  comjienHating  for 
the  higher  copper  loss)  ;  at  al*out  ;i!M»  h.i'.m.,  either  con- 
nection yields  the  same  dliciency  (85'2  per  cent.). 

'i'he  considerable  advantage  in  favour  of  the  S<iherbiuB 
!-ystem,  as  cfimpared  with  simiile  rotor  ntslHtance  regulation  is 
shown  by  Curve  n,  fig.  2. 

Fig.  .!  compares  the  abo\e  two  systenis  with  throttle 
regulation.  The  curves  for  the  Scherbius  cascade  converter 
system  and  simple  resistance  control  are  transferred  from 
fig.  2  (taking  account  of  the  percentage  volume  output 
corresjjondiiig  to  various  fan  speeds).  The  jtower  curve  for 
the  throttle  regulation  sjstem  is  detennincd  as  follows  :  The 
volume  of  air  delivered  is,  at  constant  h.I'..m..  proportional  to 
the  equivalent  aperturjj,  with  which,  therefore,  varies  the 
driving  power  so  long  as  the  fan  efficiency  is  constant.  Fig.  2 
shows  that  the  motor  h.I'.  =  C50  for  a  speed  of  1h.',  k.F'..m., 
and,  corresponding  to  a  sjiced  of  :5;;0  k.i'..m.  =  W",  x  (150 
=  412  11. r.  Taking  into  account  the  alteration  in  fan 
efficiency,  the  (power-volume)  curve  falls  linearly  from  fi.")0 


100  _ 


450  SOO  .^00 


-  8V       >00  - 


Fig.  1. 


Fig.  2. 

to  495  H.i'.,  and.  accounting  for  motor  efficiency,  the  actual 
(H.p.-volume )  curve  is  as  shown  in  fig.  8. 

Throttle  regulation  is  clearly  very  inefficient ;  resistance 
regulation  is  much  more  efficient,  and  the  additional  capital 
outlay  required  is  only  the  difference  in  cost  between  the 
starter  required  under  the  throttle  system  and  the  resistance 
regulator  required  in  the  other  case. 

In  this  instance,  the  Scherbius  system  required  a  capital 
outlay  nearly  £750  higher  than  would  lie  required  by  a 
simple  resistance  regulator.  At  fii-st  sight,  this  appears  to 
be  a  serious  matter,  but  if  the  fan  runs  continuously  for  18 
months  at  70  per  cent,  of  its  rated  volume  output,  the  power 
saved  is  53  kw.,  and.  with  electrical  energy  at  0'3d.  per  unit, 
the  reduction  in  the  total  ensrgy  bill  more  than  recoups  the 
additional  capital  outlay  in  question. 


A  Xovel  Elcctro-iuedical  Outfit. — According  to  a 
recent  issue  of  the  Antmai^^x.  G.imleD,  of  West  Hartlepool,  has 
had  his  car  fitted  to  his  own  plans  with  an  electric  equipment 
whereby  electrical  current  can  be  generated  for  a  portable  X-ray 
equipment.  When  it  is  desired  to  set  up  the  equipment,  the  near 
fide  back  wheel  is  jacked  up  and  removed,  and  a  spare  wheel, 
which  is  carried  minus  its  tire,  is  used  as  a  belt  pulley  and  coupled 
up  to  the  pulley  on  a  portable  dynamo  by  a  short  flat  belt.  The 
dynamo  is  supported  on  a  small  table  carried  on  the  car,  the  table 
in  question  being  fixed  to  the  running  board  so  ae  to  maintain  the 
tension  of  the  belt  drive.  The  rear  mudguard  of  the  car  is  made 
readily  detach;ible.  so  that  it  shall  not  be  daini^;iM]  or  get  in  the 
way  of  the  belt.  In  addition  to  providing  current  for  the  X-ray 
equipment,  this  arrangement,  by  the  aid  of  a  special  switchboard, 
enables  various  forms  of  electrical  treatment  to  be  administered, 
the  car  meanwhile  being,  of  course,  outside  the  patient's  hooae. 
Plenty  of  cable  is  «arried  to  enable  tb«  current  t«  be  ta^cen  to '  any 
eonv^nient  point. 


isa 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.  [Volts.  ko.  i.sss,  jakcaiy  84,  i918. 


GRAPHS   INJA   OABLE-SHIP  DRUM-ROOM: 
NOTES   rOR   JUNIOR   ASSISTANTS. 


By  EDWARD  RAYMOND-BARKER. 


{Continued  from  j'tige  115.") 

."2.  A  more  serviceable  example  of  the  ^rapb  method  is 
shown  in  fig.  -1. 

Ordinates. — Cable  circumference  in  inches. 

Abscissir. — Percentage  of  cable-length  increase  for  any 
given  cable  drum  (in  this  case, //,)  due  to  addition  of  any 
cable  circumference. 

A  curve,  as  shown  in  fig.  4,  may  be  prepared  for  any  given 
cable  drum. 

In  fig.  4  ilots  are  plottings  for  3  in.  to  9*5  in.  cable  cir- 
cumferences. Crosses  and  n'rcles  are  plottings  from  tabular 
records  of  two  cable-laying  expeditions. 

■Vo.  Practical  application  of  fig.  4. — Certain  cable,  in 
course  of  cable-diversion  operations,  was  picked  up,  amount- 
ing to  7,.">sr)  revs,  of  drum  r/,.     Mean  cable  circumference 


% 


CABLE     CIRCUMFERENCE   :    INCHES. 

^i a L 

7^8 


5       5^6^7 
FlO.  4. 

was  found  to  be  4'4  in.  In  fig.  4,  co-ordinates  in  dotted 
lines  show  that,  in  the  case  of  this  particular  drum  ('/,")  and 
cable  1-4  in.  circumference,  a  furtber2-07r)  percent,  must  I* 
added  to  the  uncorrected  length  picked  up. 

:U.  By  uncorrected  drum-constant  (</,) — see  fig.  3 — 
cable  picked  up  =  7,58.J/344-ir)  =  21-8:;58  n.m. 

2-070  per  cent,  of  21-s38  =  0-4.53  .n.m.     (By  slide  rule.) 

21-8.S8  4-  0-4.):'.  =  22'2'.M  N..M.,  correct  length  picked  up. 

:-'>r).  To  check  the  above  figures  by  the  customary 
method  : — (See  2;)). 

,     ,  73,044 

Corrected    drum-constant  =  \i,.T.Tri — ; — r.'77r  =  337"1C  ; 
212'Z4  +  4*40 

7,.')85/337-ir,  =  22-2:tl  X.M.,  correct  length  picked  up. 

Note  : — Figs.  3  and  I,  as  printed,  are  oU  a  scale  about 
]  7  5  of  the  original  curve-sheets. 

:Vti.  A  useful  table  during  the  laying  of  a  cable  is  one  in 
terms  of  flnim-rcv!^.  per  min.,  and  the  equivalents  in  x.:m. 
jtfy  hovr  for  all  cable  types  on  board.  In  24  there  is  an 
example  of  1  corrected  drum-rev.  of  0'002041  n.m.  This 
refers  to  cable  of  2(;0  in.  circumference.  Let  us  take  a 
paying-out  speed  of  40  drum-revs,  per  min.  x  (lO  min. 
=  7'0(J  x.M.  per  hour. 

37.  A  quick  way  of  compiling  a  table  is  to  take — say — 
the  above  example,  as  follows  :— 0-002941  x  60  =  0-17648 
as  a  coTudtat  foT  a  given  typie  of  cable. 


Then  0*17648  x  SO  revs,  per  min.  «*  5*29  n.m.  per  hour, 
0*17648  X  40  revs,  per  min.  =  7-06  K.M.  per  hour, 
and  so  on. 

38.  An  alternative  plan  is  to  apply  graphic  methods  by 
utilising  the  curve  in  fig.  4,  which  is  that  for  drum  d^, 
with  an  loirorrerted  constant  of  344-15,  as  shown  in  fig.  3. 

Then  1/344-15  =  0-0029058  x  60  =  0-17435. 

0-17485  x  40  revs.  ])er  min.  =  6-97  n.m.  per  hour 
uncorrected. '  The  circumference  of  the  cable  in  ([uestion  is 
2-60  in.;  therefore,  by  curve  in  fig.  4,  to  (;-97  a  further 
1-225  per  cent. — that  is,  0*09  N.M. — has  to  be  added, 
=  7*06  N.M.  per  hour,  as  in  37. 

In  this  way  a  table  may  be  compiled,  in  view  of  subse- 
quent correction  from  curve  in  fig.  4,  opplirabh  to  all  ruble 
I  {/pes. 

39.  The  following  practical  and  comprehensive  example 
deals  with  a  length  of  cable  made  up  of  four  different  types  : 
Shore  End  (AAj),  llmvij  Intermediate  (E),  Light  Inter- 
mediate (B),  and  Deep  Sea  (D,). 

During  certain  cable-laying  operations  the  exact  length 
j)aid  out  from  shore  up  to  a  given  time,  say.  8  p.m.  was 
required.  The  said  length  included  three  splices  (sp.) 
uniting  four  different  tyjK-s  of  cable. 

40.  Data  :— 

Circumference  of  paying-out  drum  (see  19)  =  212-24  in. 

„  „  cable   tvpe  AA,  (see  27)  =  6-775  „ 

„  „     „        '„       E  =  4-680  „ 

„      „         ..       B  =  3-564  „ 

„      ,>         „       D,  =  2-GOO  „ 

41.  The  several  drum  -  const(inli<  (see  23)  therefore 
become  : — 

For  type  AA,  =  333-50  revs,  per  n,m. 

„      „      E      =  386-72    „       „      „ 

„      „      B      =  338-46    „       „      „ 

„      „      D.     =  339-98    „       „      „ 


42.  When  sp.  -—?- passed     drum. 


indicator    (see    17) 


showed  2,331  (-1-  -5)  revs. 

2,33]-5/333-.')0  =  6-991  N.M.  type  AAi  paid  out. 

When  sp.  k/b  passed,  indicator  gave  11,481-5  revs. 

11,481-5  -  2,331-5  =  9,150  revs. 

9,150/336-72  =  27-175  N.M.  type  E  paid  out. 

When  sp.  b/d,  passed,  indicator  gave  16,618-5  revs. 

16,618-5  —  11,481-5  =  5,137  revs. 

5,137/338-46  =  15*178  n.m.,  type  B,  paid  out. 

At  8  p.m.,  drum-indicator  gave  23,993-5  revs. 

23,993  5  -  16,618-5  =  7,375  revs. 

7,375/339-98  =  21-692  n.m.,  type  Dj,  paid  out  up  to  8  p.m 

/Type  AA,,    6-991  n.m 

rr  ,  1       1      .1      „       E,    27-175 
J„talpaidout  -       ^^       ^     jg.j^g     ^^     - 

I     „       D„  21-692     „    j 

43.  The  above  is  the  customary  routine.  If,  to  the  same 
example,  we  apply  the  graph  method  described  in  32  .  .  34, 
figures  will  be  as  follows  : — 

Graph  Method. 
Drum -constant  as  it  is  per  se,  a  real  absolute  invariable 
constant,    uncorrected     for    any    cable    circumference    = 
78,044  in.  =  1  n.m. 


'■:■] 


71-036  N.M. 


=  344-15  revs,  per  n.m. 

1   show   that  to  drum- 


must  be  added. 


212-24  m.  Circe, 
^leasurements  from   curve  in  fi 
indicator  lengths  of  c^ble  types  : — 

A  A.,  circe.  6-775  in.,  a  correction  of  :')-19 

E'     .,      4-680  „  „  2-21  %  „ 

B      „      S-564  „  „  1-68  %  „ 

I),     .,      2-600  „  „  1-23  %  „ 

Applying  graph  values  from  fig.  4  to  the  above  examjjle 
(42):- 

When  sp.  .\  a,je  passed,  indicator  =  2,331  (+  -5)  revs. 
2,381-5/344-15  -t-  3-19  per  cent.  =  6-775  -i-  0-216  =s 
6*991  N.M.  (a  As)- 


Vol.72.  No.  i.83fl,.UNuxnY  24, 191.11      THE    ELECTRTOATi    RI'.VTFW. 


IGI} 


WlitMi  Hp.  k/ii  piirtHwl,  iiidicutor  —   ll,lHi-:i    —  •J,.^S^.^  = 

it.iW)  revH.  ;i,i^:»(»/:jii-ir)  +  -'•-'!  \^y  ffiit.  —  'j(;-r)K7  + 

0-:,HH  =  27-175  N..M.  (k). 

Wlieii  sp.  li/u,  passed,  indicator  =  Kl.C. IH'5  —  ll,4iSI-r< 
=  5,137  revs.  5.1«7/:M-1-I5  +  l-CH  percent.  =  11927  + 
0-261  =   15-178  N.M.  (ii). 

At  «  p.m.  indicator  =  2:!,i)!);ir)  —  l(;,(;iH-r)  =  7.:i7.'> 
reva.7,5{75/:iH-15  +  1-28  per  cent.  =  2I-.I2!I  +  0--'(;:i  = 
21-092  N.M.  (i)i). 

Total  paid  ont  up  to  H  p.m.  =  71-03(!  .n..m. 

N.B. — The  foreijoint,'  percentage  currections  are  (|ui(kly 
applied  witli  a  .slide  rule. 


laying  may  («nveniently  be  asccrtainefl  by  the  ]»j\nK  out — 
Kirnultaneourtly  witii  the  <able — of  a  fine  Hteel  wire  absolutely 
taut,  the  H[)eed  rat<^  of  which  in  ac<;urat<;ly  fi^i\i:n  by  a 
measuring  wheel  and  counter.  'I'his  meth(Ml  waH  finit  advo- 
cated in  1M7(')  by  the  late  Dr.  Werner  Siemens,  but  it  did 
not  come  into  general  use  until  a  comiMiratively  re(;cnt  (hxU:. 
The  tdul-iriie  device  may  liest  be  dt^scriU-d  in  the  word* 
(abridged)  <>f  its  originator,  from  a  i»i|)er  read  by  him  Ijefore 
the  Society  of  Telegraph  Hiigineers. 

17.  "To  obtain  precisely  any  desired  slack,  the  only 
method  will  be  to  pay  out,  with  the  cable  ...  a  wire.  .  .  . 
If  this  wire  ...  be  retained  with  sutficient  brake  power  to 
be  paid  out  without  slack,  and,  therefore,  with  tension  on 
the  sea  bottom,  a  counter  will    give   the   exact  pro^r^s  of 


li 

SLACKWIRE 

MtASURINC  WHta 

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C^BLC  PAID  OUT.                                                                             xmi^^^g^St^..** 

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Fig.  .5.     (Reduced  from  2  ft.  .'.  in.  x  1  ft.  11  in.) 


Cable  Slack  per  cent. 

44.  One  of  the  many  important  mechanical  data  in  great 
request  during  cable-laying  operations  is  that  relating  to  the 
percentage  of  slack  laid  at  any  given  time,  or  average  slack 
for  any  given  time  period. 

The  amount  of  slack  required  varies  with  attendant  con- 
ditions, having  regard,  chiefiy,  to  the  nature  and  configuration 
of  the  sea  bottom  over  which  the  cable  ship  is  passing. 

There  are  various  ways  of  estimating  traversed  distance 
(nautical  miles)  or  speed  rate  (knots)  over  ground — i.e.,  an 
imaginary  line  representing  the  track  of  the  ship  from  point 
to  point. 

45.  Given  the  distance  over  ground,  and  the  amount  of 
cable  actually  paid  out ;  or,  given  the  speed  (s)  of  the  ship 
through  the  water,  and  that  (c)  at  which  the  cable  is 
actually  paid  out,  a  simple  comparison  affords  the  necessary 

data  for  knowing  slack  per  cent,  (p),  or  p  =  100       ~—  .    On 

the  other  hand,  given  the  speed  (s)  of  the  ship,  and  the 
percentage  (p)  of  slack  thought  desirable,  the  speed  at  which 
the  cable  must  leave  the  ship  may  be  calculated,  or  c  =  s 
+  PS/100. 
*6.  Tbe  ship's  speed  through  the  water  during  cable* 


tlie  vessel,  even  without  the  errors  caused  by  currents  : 
therefore  the  brake  has  only  to  be  maintained  under  the 
pressure  that  will  give  any  desired  ratio  between  the  veki- 
cities  with  which  the  cable  and  the  wire  are  run  out.  .  .  ." 

Tait-Wire  Gear  in  Practice. 

48.  In  recent  practice  the  taut-wire  measuring  wheel  has 
been  given  a  circwnference  which,  allowing  for  the  circum- 
ference (see  20  .  . ".  22)  of  the  0-032  in.  diameter  bright 
steel  wire  (s.w.g.  No.  21)  weight  10-74  lb.  per  x.M.,  will 
cause  its  every  revolution  when  carrying  the  wire  round  the 
wheel's  Y-section  periphery,  to  be  equivalent  to  exactly  one- 
thousandth  of  a  nautical  rnile  =  0-001  n.m.  =  0-087  tt.  = 
73-044  in.  of  wire. 

49.  An  equivalent  of  a  speed-rate  of  one  mtasuring- 
wheel  rev.  per  min.  of  course  would  be  0-001  n.m.  x  60 
=  0-060  N.M.  per  hour.  On  this  basis  a  convenient  table 
may  be  compiled  to  include  all  values  within  likely  limits. 
Example  : — 

100  revs,  per  min.  =  6-00  n..u.  per  hour. 
155     =  9"80 , 

50.  Custom  varies  jegarding  the  appellation  of  this  con- ' 
trivance  which,  sometimes,  instead  of  being  called  the  /(r«f 


154 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [Voi.  72.   i(o.i,&^j^vi.nx.n,  wi. 


wire,  receives  the  name  of  sl^ck  wire,  from  its  use  in  leading 
to  a  knowledge  of  cable  ■■^Jwk  per  cent,  paid  out. 

('.\m.E    Sl,A(K    }'KR    CENT.    (iRAPUS. 

51.  The  writer  has  devised  a  series  of  graphs  illustrative 
of  the  whole  (juestion  of  the  ratio  between  the  two  velocities, 
viz.,  of  laiit-irirf  and  of  cahh. 

52.  Fig.  "1,  although  unsuitable — as  will  further  be 
explained — for  final  adoption  in  practice,  shows  the  general 
principle  of  the  cable-slack  graph.  Under  the  heading 
"  sldrk-in're  menxi/ri/ic/  tf/ice/,''  a  vertical  scale  graduated  in 
knots  (/>.,  N.M.  per  hour)  stands  parallel  to  equivalent 
slack-wire  \alues  in  terms  of  rer-s.  /nr  hour,  and  m-s. 
fier  mill. 

.OrJ.  At  right  angles  to  the  vertical  scale  lies  a  horizontal 
scale  graduated  in  rahlf  knots. 

.^4.  Parallel  with  the  horizontal  cable-distance  or  cable- 
speed  scale,  are  spaces  in  which,  on  the  occasion  of  each 
e.xi)edition,  cable  speeds  may  be  pencilled  in  terms  of  /«///////- 
out  (irtnn  rfvs.  /in-  win.  for  air  the  various  types  of  cable 
on  the  ship.  These  pencilled  drum-revs,  per  min.  may  be 
erased  when  done  with.  Drum-rev.  spaces  will  be  shown 
in  more  developed  foiiii  in  fig.  7. 

^iy>.  From  the  o/it/in  of  the  vertical  and  the  horizontal 
axes,  straight-line  "curves"  are  drawn  diagonally  across  the 
diagram-sheet  to  figures  in  terms  of  cable-slack  per  cent., 
zf'io  per  cent,  to  20  per  cent. 

56.  Taul-trire  and  cable  co-ordinates  always  intersect  on, 
or  close  to,  the  corresponding  diagonal  line  indicating  cahle 
slack  per  cent. 

57.  The  diagonal  line  on  which  any  IuuI-d  ire  and  cable 
co-ordinates  intersect  will,  at  its  upper  end,  indicate  cable 
^l(irk  per  renl. 

58.  If  the  co-ordinates  intersect  hetireen  two  diagonal 
lines,  the  decimal  fraction  to  be  added  to  the  lower  percentage 
may  easily  be  appreciated. 

.■>'.).  A  black  thread — one  end  pinned  at  the  point  of 
origin,  the  other  held  taut  in  the  operator's  hand — on 
being  brought  to  the  intersection  of  ttmt-wire  and  cable 
co-ordinates,  willJje  found  to  coincide  with  the  diagonal  line 
indicating  cable  slack  per  ceiil. 

(■>0.  Conversely,  if  the  thread  be  brought  to  the  inter- 
section of  any  laiil-irire  co-ordinate  with  any  slack  per 
cent,  diagonal,  that  cable  co-ordinate  found  to  pass  through 
the  same  intersection  will,  at  its  lower  end,  indicate  the 
cable  speed  necessary  to  bring  about  the  required  slack  per 
cent. 

Note  :  Practical  examples  will  be  given  from  later  graphs. 

61.  Fig.  5  includes  a  supplementary  vertical  column  of 
ratios  cablej/i-ire  paid  out. 

A  horizontal  line,  extended  from  any  given  ratio,  abuts  on 
the  zero  diagonal  line  at  a  point  from  which  a  vertical  line, 
at  its  upper  end,  will  indicate  cable  slack  per  cent. 

62.  Fig.  5  sufficiectly  indicates  general  principles,  but  is 
weak  in  regard  to  practical  requirements,  inasmuch  as, 
where  the  diagonal  straight-line  curves  approach  to  and 
converge  at  their  common  oric/iit.  they  merge  into  a  useless 
blur. 

(7'o  be  continued.) 


PROCEEDINGS    OP    INSTITUTIONS. 


Credit  and   Security. — A  certain  amount  of  e])hemeral 

interest  has  been  excited  by  the  replies  of  Mr.  .T.  P.  Morgan  in  his 
examination  before  the  so-called  Money  Trust  Comniissicn  at 
Washington.  Mr.  Morgan  is  reported  to  have  said  that  credit  is 
based  primarily  upon  character,  and  not  upon  money  or  property, 
otherwise  collateral  or  collateral  security.  In  another  place  he  is 
alleffcd  to  state  substantially  his  practice  thus:  "  I  always  know 
the  person  to  whom  I  lend,  or  somethinff  of  him."  "  If  I  see  there  is 
a  loan  to  Mr.  Smith,  and  I  do  not  like  his  character,  I  eay,  you  call 
that  loan  riprht  away  "  (which  is  very  Yankee).  "  I  would  not  have 
that  loan  in  the  box.  '     "  I  would  not  have  that  loan."' 

There  is  nothini?  that  is  original  in  these  statements.  Naturally 
if  a  f)erson  has  achieved  an  unenviable  notoriety,  in  other  words, 
whose  character  is  bad,  seme  people  would  possibly  not  entertain 
hia  propofals  on  any  security  ;  but  premising  that  person  to  poeeesB 
a  character  above  suspicion,  it  Is  too  much  to  say  that  his 
unimpeachable  character  alone  would  gain  him  hie  object  without 
the  production  of  substantial  and  the  proper  kind  of  colloteral.  At 
any  rate,  generally  speaking,  neither  "  Lombard  Street  '  nor 
'.Tireadneedle  Street"  nor  any  other  locality  would  look  at  such  a 
proposal.  In  practice  interest  and  security  frequently  regard 
character  as  a  negligible  trifle. 


The  Steam-Gas  Turbine. 

{Akstract  vf  The  James  Watt    Lkctuke,    1!»13,    delhei-ed  >,., 
Dr.    S.    Z.    DE    Feekanti,    Paxt-Prefident    I.E.E.,    at    Greeiivri . 
he/ore  the  James  Watt  Cluh.  January  \Gf/t,  1913.) 

I  HAVE  chosen  the  subject  of  "  Prime  Movers  '"  for  the  lecturf, 
and  have  done  so  for  several  reasons.  James  Watt  was  practically 
the  inventor  of  what  we  know  as  prime  movers.  This  subject  is, 
I  think,  the  most  interesting  problem  in  engineering.  It  is  also  a 
subject  which  is  more  than  ever  interesting  to-day  on  account  of 
the  active  competition  existing  between  the  various  systems  of 
power  production,  and  lastly,  1  have  chosen  this  [^aubject  liecause  it 
is  the  one  which  interests  me  at)ove  all  others.  You  have  hail 
shown  to  you  what  splendid  results  Watt  achieved,  and  what  an 
immense  effect  these  achievements  have  had  upon  the  worW  .■< 
progress.  You  have,  however,  I  think,  heard  little  of  what  thl■^e 
achievements  cost  James  Watt,  and  of  the  enormous  difficulties  he 
had  to  overcome  in  order  to  bring  about  the  utilisation  of  his 
inventions.  When  at  last  he  got  some  measure  of  assistance,  there 
were  endless  mechanical  difficulties  to  overcome,  as  in  those  days 
engineering  practice  was  o€  the  crudest  possible  nature.  I  consider 
that  one  of  the  greatest  things  ever  achieved  by  .fames  Watt  was 
his  discovery  of  Matthew  Boulton  ;  if  it  had  not  been  for  the 
magnificent  support  extended  to  him  by  Matthew  Boulton,  I  cannot 
conceive  how  his  inventions  could  have  resulted  in  anything  but 
failure  and  complete  despair. 

The  same  sort  of  thing  is  going  on  to-day  in  many  directions. 
I  am  also  afraid  that  in  this  country  the  difficulties  of  inventors 
are  very  great,  owing  to  the  want  of  interest  in  anything  new. 
Althouffh  I  think  we  have  plenty  of  inventors,  we  have  very  few 
Matthew  Boultons,  and  from  the  point  of  view  of  progress  and 
development  of  the  country,  it  is  men  such  as  he  who  are  wanted 
to-day.  It  is  generally  believed  that  the  immense  development 
which  has  taken  place  in  Germany  is  largely  due  to  the  intelligent 
use  of  her  scientific  men  by  the  commercial  community.  In  the 
United  States  there  also  appears  to  be  a  much  better  chance  for 
the  man  who  is  desirous  of  developing  new  things,  and  this 
undoubtedly  must  help  these  countries  to  progress  and  keep  ahead 
in  the  industrial  struggle.  It  is  vital  to  the  progress  of  the 
country,  in  order  that  we  should  not  fall  behind  our  competitor?, 
that  great  risks  should  be  taken  in  the  development  of  new  ideas, 
and  it  would  be  a  good  thing  for  the  country  generally,  if  there 
were  more  keenness  in  this  direction.  I  do  not  think  that  to-day 
this  country  is  spending  anything  like  enough  in  the  development 
of  new  ideas. 

In  steam  we  have  a  power  the  whole  of  which  is  available  for 
doing  useful  work.  The  power  required  for  pumping  the  water 
into  the  boiler,  which  is  the  negative  work  of  the  cycle,  is  so  small 
that  it  is  almost  negligible.  Whatever  the  power  given  by  the 
steam  in  the  cylinder,  less  the  friction  of  the  engine  it  is  available 
for  doing  useful  work.  It  is,  therefore,  clear  that  however 
inefficient  the  engine  may  be,  it  will  go  round  and  do  some  useful 
work. 

Although  the  Newcomen  engine  was  in  use  before  the  days  of 
Watt,  it  was  exceedingly  uneconomical,  and  his  great  work  was  the 
improvement  of  the  efficiency  of  this  engine  to  such  an  extent  that 
it  became  useful  and  economical  for  general  service.  The  greater 
part  of  the  work  done  since  his  time  has  been  in  the  same  direction 
— viz.,  in  a  continual  endeavour  to  improve  the  efficiency  of  con- 
version of  the  heat  in  the  fuel  into  mechanical  work. 

With  this  object  in  view,  higher  steam  pressures  involving  higher 
temperatures  were  introduced  and  compound  engines,  and  later  on 
triple  expansion  engines  were  developed  to  more  effectively  utilise 
the  higher  ranges  of  steam  pressure.  The  work  of  Sir  Charlea 
Parsons  in  the  invention  and  development  of  the  rotary  principle 
to  the  production  of  motive  power  by  means  of  steam  must  ever 
be  remembered  as  a  great  advance  in  the  development  of  prime 
movers.  The  turbine,  notwithstanding  its  very  low  efficiency  a« 
first  constructed,  was  gradually  improved  until  high  mechanical 
efficiencies  of  conversion  have  lieen  reached.  Especially  is  the- 
turbine  valuable  in  the  production  of  large  powers  and  in  taking 
advantage  of  high  degrees  of  vacuum. 

Before,  however,  the  modern  turbine  had  been  developed,  another 
idea  had  been  pursued  with  a  view  to  simplifying  the  process  of 
power  generation,  and,  at  the  same  time,  getting  a  higher  economy. 
Years  ago  an  engine  was  invented  and  built  by  Lenoir,  in  which  a 
charge  of  air  and  gas  was  sucked  into  the  cylinder  at  atmospheric 
pressure  and  exploded.  The  piston  speed  in  this  engine  was  low, 
the  ratio  of  expansion  was  low,  and,  needless  to  say,  the  economy 
was  very  poor.  Still,  it  was  a  step  in  the  direction  of  higher 
economy,  insomuch  as  by  this  system  a  higher  temperature  of 
working  fluid  was  obtainable.  Later  on,  Otto  and  Langen  invented 
a  gas  engine,  which  was  an  improvement  on  the  previous  one  as  the 
pressure  of  explosion  was  higher  and  the  ratio  of  expansion  wbh 
greater.  Both  these  engines,  although  of  the  explosion  type,  came 
under  the  heading  of  "  low  negative  work,"  as  the  explosive  charge 
was  simply  sucked  into  their  cylinders,  and  was  not  compressed 
before  firing. 

The  great  move  forward,  which  was  next  made,  was  that  or 
compressing  the  charge  of  explosive  mixture  l)efore  firing,  and  to 
getting  a  high  maximum  temperature,  a  good  ratio  of  expans-ion 
and,  consequently,  much  improved  economy.  Engines  of  this  type 
Ijelong  to  a  class  of  prime  movers  with  "  high  negative  work."  In 
this  form  of  engine  the  positive  work  of  the  explosion  has  to  have 
deducted  from  it,  not  only  the  friction  of  the  engine,  but  also  the 
amount  of  work  required  to  compree»  the  charge  which  oonstituteB 


Vol. 7i.   No.  1,8:45,  jANnAHV2^,  liin.i    THK    K\A']C'ni\CA\i    ItEVlKW. 


15G 


theneifatlvo  work  of  the  cycle.  There  in  a  further  deduction,  vi/,., 
that  of  the  friotioii  of  the  oiiifiiio  or  of  a  neparato  pump  whilHt 
doinff  iK'i^ativc  work.  Thenc  deductioiiB  arc  very  nrriouM  ami  would 
rnndor  thin  clann  of  motor  ubcIcmh,  were  it  not  for  the  hi({h 
meohanical  etlicioncy  of  the  partH  uHcd  for  carryinn'  out  the  (;ycl<!. 

In  the  >raH  on^ino  tho  negative  work  in  hii^h,  but  not  bo  hijfli  nn 
to  form  a  HcriouH  dilliculty.  In  tho  more  economical  DicKul  cnijini) 
in  which  very  hi(jh  prcHBurcH  arc  iiH«d,  ho  an  to  ({ot  a  hi^'li  ciiou(rh 
temperature  to  burn  the  oil  uh  Hpraycd  into  the  cylinder  and  (jive  a 
hitfh  ratio  of  cxpan»ion,  the  nctratlvc  work  in  a  much  more  MoriouH 
difficulty. 

The  development  of  the  internal-combustion  enifinc  of  hi((li 
ni'^ativo  work,  which  waw  .started  before  tho  birth  of  the  modern 
nteam  turbine,  has  been  vijrorouKly  pushed  on  over  a  period  of  yearn 
concurrently  with  the  work  done  on  the  turbine,  and  now  both  are 
oompetiuK'  for  i)r(Mnier  place  in  famishing  the  world's  power. 

It  seems,  accordintf  to  present  knowled({e,  to  bo  clear  that  for 
small  powers  the  internal-combustion  reciprocatinff  entjine  is  in 
every  way  the  best.  At  the  other  end  of  the  scale  the  turbine  is 
the  only  means  of  flllinjj  our  re(iuironientH  to-day.  In  between 
these  two  extremes  there  is  a  doubtful  dividintr  line  where  either 
form  of  enyfine  may  best  serve  the  purpose,  aocordinjf  to  the 
conditions  ol  the  particular  case. 

As  the  turbine  gets  biprijer,  so  is  it  easier  to  construct,  and  it  also 
becomes  more  economical.  As  the  gas  or  oil  enfrine  ^cts  bi^fjer 
I  need  hardly  remind  you  how  the  natural  ditHculties  increase. 
On  the  other  hand,  as  the  turbine  is  reduced  in  power  its 
economy  falls  off  badly  and  it  is  difficult  to  make  a  satisfactory 
desi)!fn.  The  internal  combustion  engine,  on  the  contrary,  becomes 
a  most  satisfactory  and  economical  machine  in  small  sizes,  as 
witness  the  thousands  of  aufi  engines  in  use  all  over  the  world  and 
the  beautiful  engines  working  on  the  Diesel  cycle  which  are  small 
enough  to  avoid  water  cooling  of  the  pistons. 

I  think  that  this  division  of  the  means  of  power  production  by 
large  and  small  units  between  the  rotary  and  reciprocating  machine 
is  almost  a  natural  law,  and  those  who  seek  to  evade  it  must 
either  invent  some  new  principle  or  court  endless  trouble,  expense 
and  failure. 

To-day,  with  a  complete  disregard  of  the  above  principles,  the 
advocates  of  the  Diesel  engine  for  marine  propulsion  are  spending 
vast  sums  of  money  on  its  development,  but  even  this  usually  all- 
powerful  force  may  not  prove  enough  to  make  a  wrong  principle 
right.  The  daily  Press  and  also  our  well-informed  technical 
journals  tell  us  of  all  the  wonderful  successes  of  large  oil  engines  in 
Germany  and  elsewhere,  but  I  can  assure  you  that  few  people  have 
any  conception  of  the  failures  and  breakdowns  which  have 
occurred,  and  which  are  repeatedly  occurring,  with  the  big  experi- 
mental engines  that  have  been  constructed.  In  Germany,  especially, 
where  so  much  has  been  done  in  this  direction,  they  carefully  avoid 
informing  the  foreigner  on  these  points. 

As  I  mentioned  to  you  at  the  beginning  of  this  lecture,  the 
subject  of  prime  movers  is  one  in  which  1  have  always  been  most 
interested,  and  in  following  it  my  constant  aim  has  been  to  increase 
the  amount  of  work  that  can  be  usefully  obtained  from  a  given 
amount  of  fuel.  It  is,  of  course,  well  known  that  the  higher  the 
temperature  of  the  working  fluid  the  higher  is  the  economy  that 
can  be  obtained.  High  temperatures  have,  however,  proved  very 
difficult  to  work  with,  and  as  an  instance  of  this,  the  low  working 
temperatures  of  turbines  for  marine  propulsion  may  be  pointed  out. 
Seeing,  however,  that  the  difficulties  were  mechanical  and  that 
great  advantage  could  be  derived  if  these  troubles  were  overcome,  1 
commenced  experimenting  some  years  ago,  and  have  now  after 
many  failures,  and  the  expenditure  of  much  money  and  time, 
produced  a  turbine  which  at  the  highest  temperatures,  and  with 
great  and  rapid  variations  of  temperature,  is  quite  Tree  from 
mechanical  troubles.  Indeed,  I  believe  that  this  turbine  is 
perhaps  the  strongest  from  a  mechanical  point  of  view  that  has 
yet  been  produced.  Moreover,  contrary  to  what  might  have  been 
expected  with  a  high  temperature  machine,  it  runs  with  certainty 
with  a  blade  end  clearance  that  is  so  small  that  it  is  almost 
negligible  from  the  point  of  view  of  leakage  loss,  and  the  fear  of 
the  possibility  of  stripping  appears  to  have  been  effectively 
removed. 

In  this  turbine  I  superheat  the  steam  initially,  and  after  the 
first  expansion,  and  whilst  it  is  still  superheated,  resuperheat  it 
before  it  does  its  work  in  the  second  stage  of  the  turbine.  After 
this  it  is  exhausted  in  a  superheated  condition  through  a  regenerator 
to  the  condenser.  The  whole  of  the  blading  is  electrically  welded, 
so  as  to  avoid  the  straining  due  to  caulking  at  the  high  temperatures 
that  are  reached,  and  also  the  loosening  that  occurs  due  to  the 
same  cause.  The  blading  is  formed  of  mild  steel  with  a  thin 
coating  of  pure  sheet-nickel  electrically  welded  on  to  the  surface. 
The  blading  is  most  accurately  finished  to  shape  by  a  process  of 
step-by-step  pressing  under  very  heavy  pressure. 

The  blading,  the  sections  of  which  are  very  exact,  is  welded  in 
position  with  the  accuracy  of  the  automatic  machine  that  is 
used  for  the  purpose,  and  every  opportunity  is  thus  given  for 
realising  the  best  results.  Although  the  turbine  is  of  the 
reaction  type,  no  balance  dummy  is  used.  The  whole  of  the 
end  load  is  taken  on  a  specially  constructed  thrust,  thus  saving 
steam  leakage. 

The  steam  is  worked  as  a  gas  at  high  temperature  throughout  the 
turbine,  and  this,  coupled  with  the  many  improvements  above 
referred  to,  has  given  very  good  results. 

The  5,000-H  v.  machine,  which  has  now  been  running  for  some 
time,  wiien  tested  at  a  load  of  two-thirds  full  power,  has  given  a 
shaft  H.p.  on  7  lb.  of  steam,  which,  if  supplied  by  an  oil-fired  boiler 
superheater  system  of  8.")  per  cent,  efficiency,  which  has  already  been 
exceeded  in  central  station  practice,  would  consume  Jiesa  than 
'625  lb,  of  oil  per  shaft  horse-power. 


From  niony  tciit»i  already  ma<le,  It  appears  that  when  thin  turbinn 
JH  run  at  full  load  tiniler  favourable  conditionn  It  will  take  leu  than 
i;  lb.  of  Htcnni  per  i4iuft  horne-ixiwer,  and  that  the  iiyiiteni  under  the 
ccniditiouH  named  will  have  a  thermal  efllcinncy  of  ovr  21  per 
cent.  correH|>onding  to  an  oil  couHumption  of  alfout  '.'.'»  lb.  of  oil  per 
shaft  horse-power.  Tho  tests  arc  licini;  proceeded  with,  but  oh  the 
turbine  is  run  <;oiitinuoiiM.lv  in  supplying  \>ovii:r  to  a  large  workn 
with  a  constantly  varying  l<iad,  it  is  not  oafly  to  do  what  in  n<««;M- 
sary  to  enable  tests  to  be  earried  out.  (So  far  om  I  can  pw;fc,  thin 
system  when  applied  on  a  largo  scale,  will  be  capable  of  givin((  an 
overall  thermal  efficiency  of  L'!»  per  cent. 

When  tho  advantages  of  tho  turbine  syHtem  in  the  way  of  light- 
ness, simplicity  and  certainty  are  borne  in  mind,  and  when  they 
arc  compared  with  what  is  known  of  the  complicated  reciprocating 
oil  engines  now  being  introduced  for  marine  piirpoiieH,  the  possi- 
bilities of  the  new  system  of  hightemiierafure  gas  steam  turbine 
beeome  of  great  interest. 

Steam  as  a  practical  motive  power  so  brilliantly  invented  and 
ap]>lied  by  James  Watt  has  had  a  long  and  most  u«eful  application 
in  our  civilisation,  but  it  cannot  be  looked  upon  as  the  eventual 
solution  of  the  power  problem  even  for  large  powers.  It  can.  how- 
ever, be  immensely  improved  in  efficiency,  and  a.s  it  does  not  appf^ar 
that  there  is  any  other  system  at  present  which  will  fill  the  same 
reiiuirements,  it  is  probable  that  it  will  still  have  an  enormous 
application. 

With  a  high-temperature  steam  turbine  of  large  size  generating 
electricity  to  supply  power  for  all  purposes  on  land  one  has  the  ad- 
vantage of  a  machine  of  the  highest  efficiency  which  is  not  limited 
to  oil  for  its  fuel.  It  is  probable  that  as  improvements  are  made 
the  whole  of  the  coal  used  for  firiiig  these  large  units  will 
be  gasified,  and  the  by-products  recovered.  When  this  result  is 
brought  about  we  shall  have  not  only  an  ample  and  cheap  supply 
of  fertiliser  for  the  land,  but  also  a  great  quantity  of  the  tar  oils, 
which  will  form  a  suitable  means  of  firing  for  naval  purposes,  and 
will  relieve  us  from  the  necessity  of  purchasing  fuel  oil  abroad 
and  the  risk  and  cost  which  this  process  involves.  We  will  also 
have  an  nmple  supply  of  benzol  for  all  our  small  motor  require- 
ments. This,  I  think,  is  the  solution  of  the  fuel  problem  for  theee 
motors  rather  than  in  the  production  of  alcohol  on  a  large  scale 
from  the  land,  as  has  lately  been  advocated.  When  we  are  supplied 
with  ample  quantities  of  fertiliser  at  a  low  cost,  both  the  land  and 
the  labour  involved  for  the  production  of  alcohol  will  be  much 
better  occupied  in  other  ways.  After  all,  the  great  problem  for 
this  country  is  to  ao  utilise  tho  coal  that  we  produce  that  we  make 
it  fill  our  every  requirement.  This,  I  have  shown  you,  will  be  done 
in  the  not  distant  future. 

The  electric  motor  which  gives  its  power  in  a  rotary  form,  and 
which  is  supplied  from  very  large  power  stations,  is  difjdacing  all 
forms  of  small  engine.  It  is,  therefore,  probable  that  in  the  future 
small  prime  movers  will  only  be  required  to  propel  cars  and-  boats, 
and  that  all  stationary  motors  will  be  electric.  The  electric  motor, 
with  its  one  running  part  so  easily  and  conveniently  applied  to  all 
purposes,  is  a  good  illustration  of  the  desirability,  and  even  the 
necessity,  of  the  rotary  principle  of  engine.  Reciprocating  forms  of 
engine  will,  no  doubt,  be  used  for  a  long  time,  but  they  can  only 
be  regarded  as  makeshifts,  and  so  soon  as  an  equally  efficient 
machine  for  any  particular  purpose  is  developed,  it  must  surely  dis- 
place the  reciprocating  motor.  Xo  doubt,  as  knowledge  increases, 
many  forms  of  prime  mover  will  be  developed  of  higher  and  higher 
economy.  It  is  difficult  to  predict  the  form  of  the  prime  mover  of 
the  future,  but,  in  search  of  the  highest  economy,  and  with  the 
limitations  of  temperature  imposed  by  known  materials,  one  is 
inclined  to  look  to  electricity  converting  the  energy  of  the  fuel  at 
low  temperatures,  and  giving  its  power  in  rotary  form  as  the  most 
likely  eventual  solution. 


The  Design  of  Apparatus  for  Improving  the  Power 
Factor  of  Alternating-Current  Systems. 

By  Miles  W'alker,  M.I.E.Ij:. 

{AUiract  of  paper  ri'nd  before  the  iNSTITrxiON  OF  ELECTRICAL 
Engineers,  London,  Januin-i/  9tli,  19i3.) 

This  paper  will  be  confined  to  a  short  statement  of  the  principles 
involved  and  a  description  of  the  phase-advancer  built  by  the 
British  Westinghou.se  Co. 

We  may  look  at  the  cause  of  the  lagging  current  in  the  following 
way  : — The  energy  stored  in  any  magnetic  field  consists  of  two 
factors  («)  the  total  ttux  ;  (.4)  the  magneto-motive  force  driving 
that  flux 

f^ow,  the  total  flux  when  created  at  a  certain  frequency  produces 
a  certain  back  li.M.F.  in  each  turn  encircling  it,  and  the  magneto- 
motive force  requires  for  its  production  a  certain  number  of  ampere- 
turns.  Thus,  from  the  two  factors -flux  and  magneto-motive 
powers  we  arrive  at  certain  factors  necessary  for  the  production  of 
the  alternating  magnetic  field  at  any  given  frequency.  These 
factors  are  :— CD  Electromotive  force  per  turn;  (.2)  number  of 
turns  ;  (3)  amperes  per  turn. 

Grouping  1  and  2  together,  we  arrive  again  at  two  factors — volts 
and  amperes — whose  product  represents  the  idle  component  of  the 
power  required  to  generate  all  the  alternating  fields  in  the  distri- 
bution system. 

The  higher  the  frequency  of  the  supply  the  greater  will  be  the 
idle  component  of  the  power  required  to  produce  the  alternating 
field.  If  the  field  can  be  produced  by  a  rotating  magnet  (as,  for 
instance,  in  a  synchronous  motor)  excite<l  by  continuous  current, 
the  frequeiicy  of  the  current  being  zaro,  no  idle  component  is  neces- 
siry.     Indeed,  by  supplying  more  continuous-current  turns  than. 


166 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.  i,ms,  jAsuARt  24,  1919. 


are  necessary  to  produce  the  magrnetic  field  in  any  particular 
machine,  it  is  possible  to  create  in  the  system  a  leading  current, 
which  will  compensate  for  a  lagreing  current  in  another  part  of 
the  system.  The  field  current  in  the  magnet  of  an  alternator  may 
be  said  to  have  two  functions  : — 

1.  To  produce  the  magnetic  field  which  generates  the  electro- 
motive force  in  the  alternator  itself. 

2.  To  supply  an  additional  magneto-motive  force,  which  by 
means  of  a  wattless  current  is  communicated  to  all  the  machines  in 
the  system  that  have  not  got  continuous  -  current  excitation 
themselves. 

If  we  are  to  reduce  the  wattless  current  we  must  either  use 
machinery  requiring  weak  magnetic  fields,  or  we  must  provide 
independent  means  of  magnetising  the  fields.  A  modern  trans- 
former does  not  take  a  large  wattless  component  in  proportion  to 
its  output,  because,  though  the  total  Hux  generated  may  be  great, 
the  magneto-motive  force  required  to  produce  that  flux  is  very 
small.  An  induction  motor,  however,  having  necessarily  an  air-gap 
and  coils  of  considereble  magnetic  leakage,  has  in  it  a  magnetic 
field  which  requires  a  wattless  component  of  26  to  30  per  cent,  of 
the  kilovolt-ampere  rating  of  the  motor.  For  this  reason  the 
induction  motor  is  the  main  cause  of  low  power-factors  in  our 
alternating-current  systems. 

If  now  the  magnetising  current  of  an  induction  motor  can  be 
supplied  at  the  frequency  of  the  slip  (say,  one  cycle  per  second), 
instead  of  at  the  frequency  of  supply  (say,  .".0  cycles  p(^r  second), 
the  wattless  magnetising  kilo  volt- amperes  are  very  much  reduced. 

In  1895,  M.  Leblanc  proposed  to  supply  the  magnetising  current 
to  the  rotors  of  induction  motors  and  generators  by  means  of  special 
exciters,  which  consisted  of  commutating  alternating-current 
generators  whose  mugnets  were  excited  by  the  rotor  currents. 

The  main  objection  to  the  method,  as  described  in  Leblanc's  early 
patent,  is  that  it  recjuires  two  or  three  exciters,  and  as  the  currents 
to  be  dealt  with  would  in  general  be  large,  the  cost  of  these  exciters 
becomes  excessive.  Leblanc  has  described  an  exciter  which  em- 
bodies in  one  machine  all  phases,  and  is  of  a  very  simple  nature. 
This  is  illustrated  in  figs.  1  and  2,  which  show  two-pole  armatures, 
one  arranged  for  two-phase  and  one  for  three-phase. 

The  armature  is  made  like  an  ordinary  drum-wound  continuous- 
current  armature.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  simple  ring  of  lamina- 
tions, having  inwardly  projecting  poles,  but  without  any  field 
windings.  The  notches  in  the  field  are  to  aid  commutation.  It 
such  an  armature,  as  illustrated  in  fig.  1,  be  provided  wrth  four 
brushes,  placed  at  '.H)'  to  one  another  on  the  commutator  and  con- 
nected to  the  four  slip-rings  of  a  two-phase  rotor  of  an  induction 
motor,  and  is  run  at  a  speed  which  '  is  high  as  compared  with  the 
frequency  in  the  rotor  circuits,  it  will  have  the  effect  of  producing 
leading  currents  in  the  rotor.  The  beauty  of  this  exciter  is  that 
the  armature  currents  themselves  excite  the  field,  and  produce  a 
Hux  in  the  armature  which  is  in  such  a  phase  as  to  generate  an 
K.M.i'.  in  each  circuit,  exactly  at  right  angles  to  the  current  carried 
by  that  circuit.  For.  at  the  instant  when  the  maximum  current  is 
going  into  the  armature  by  brush  m  and  out  at  brush  A2,  the  arma- 
ture will  be  magnetised  with  one  pole  at  the,  top  and  another  pole 
at  the  bottom,   so  that  no   k.m.f.  is  generated  in  phase  A,  but  a 


leading  electromotive  forces.  An  exciter  of  this  kind,  having  no 
external  field,  has  been  made  by  Messrs.  Brown,  Boveri  i:  Co. 
The  use  of  the  external  frame,  however,  seems  to  possess  several 
advantages  ;  it  enables  open  slots  to  be  used  on  the  armature,  and 
by  fixing  the  position  of  the  field  independently  of  the  currents 
carried  by  the  armature,  enables  the  commutation  to  be  performed 
in  a  thoroughly  satisfactory  manner. 

It  should  be  pointed  out  that  the  main  reason  why  the  phase- 
advancer  has  a  fair  chance  of  commercial  success  is  that  it  is  a 
machine  of  small  output  in  comparison  with  the  amount  of  change 
of  wattless  load  which  it  is  capable  of  effecting  when  used  in  con- 
junction with  an  induction  motor  of  suitable  size.  A  phase- 
advancer  of  only  HO  k.v.a.  capacity  is  capable  of  changing  the 
power-factor  of  a  1,300-k.v.a.  motor  from  0'88  lagging  to  0'9r) 
leading.  That  is  to  say,  the  motor  instead  of  requiring  to  be  fed 
with  lagging  wattless  current  to  the  amount  of  tlOO  k.v.a.  wCl 
relieve  the  generators  supplying  the  system  of  a  wattless  load  of 
■100  K.\,A,.  making  a  total  change  in  the  wattless  power  of  1,000 
K.\  A.  to  the  good.  The  reason  is  that  the  phaae-advancer  stands 
in  the  same  relation  to  an  induction  Motor  as  an  exciter  docs  to  a 
synchronous  motor.  An  exciter  of  comparatively  small  capacity 
can  over-excite  a  synchronous  motor  so  as  to  make  it  supply  a  watt- 
less load  50  times  as  great,  measured  in  k.v.v.,  as  the  rating  of  the 
exciter.  Now,  if  for  some  mechanical  work  a  large  induction 
motor  must  be  employed,  the  extra  cost  of  making  that  motor  run 
at  unity,  or  even  at  a  leading,  power-factor  is  not  very  great.  It  is 
merely  a  question  as  to  the  cost  of  an  advancer  whose  rated  output 
is  some  3  to  6  per  cent,  of  the  rating  of  the  motor,  and  the  cost  of 
a  three-phase  double-throw  switch  for  putting  it  in  and  out. 


FlO.    3.— SCHERBIUS   PhASK-AdvANCEB. 


Fui 


1.— LeBLANCS  TWO-PIIARE 
EXCITEK. 


Fio.  2. — Leklancs  Tiirli.- 
Phase  Exciteu. 


maximum  e.m.f.  is  generated  in  phase  B.  Thus  we  see  that  the 
E.M.r.  in  any  phase  is  always  at  right-angles  to  the  current  in  that 
phase.  The  question  whether  the  e.m.f.  leads  or  lags  behind  the 
current  depends  only  on  the  direction  of  rotation.  Such  an  exciter 
can  be  built  for  three  phases,  as  illustrated  in  fig.  2,  and  would  be  much 
cheaper  to  build  than  three  separate  exciters.  By  proper  design,  and 
by  using  carbon  brushes,  the  commutation  can  be  made  sufficiently 
good  ;  but  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  rotors  of  induction  motors  of 
large  power  usually  carry  very  heavy  currents,  the  commutator  of 
such  an  exciter,  say,  for  a  1,000-H.P.  motor,  would  be  of  considerable 
dimensions. 

A.  Scherbius,  in  a  recent  communication,  gave  an  illus- 
tration of  a  phase  advancer  of  this  type  made  by  Messrs.  Brown, 
Boveri  k  Co.,  capable  of  bringing  to  unity  power-factor  a  GOO-H.p. 
motor.  This  machine  is  illustrated  in  fig.  3.  The  overall  dimensions  of 
this  Bet  are  50  in.  x  22  in.  x  25  in.,  and  itB  weight  ToO  lb.  The  ccs  ip 
curves  of  a  400-h.p.  82-cyole  motor  running  at  160  r.p.m.  both  with 
and  without  the  advancer  are  given  in  fig.  4. 

It  will  l>€  recognised  that  the  stationary  iron  frames  in  figs.  1 
and  2  are  not  leally  necessary,  except  in  so  far  as  they  may  reduce 
the  magnetic  reluctance  of  the  magnetic  circuit  when  an  open  slot- 
winding  is  used  on  the  armature.  If  a  winding  with  closed  slots  is 
used,  the  magnetic  circuit  may  lie  wholly  within  the  armature. 
While  the  armature  rotates,  the  field  remains  stationary  as  long  as 
a  continuoui  current  is  supplied  to  one  set  of  brushes.  If  currents 
•lowly  alternating,  such  as  those  from  a  rotor  winding,  are  supplied, 
the  flfld  slowly  revolves  in  space  while  the  rapidly  revolving 
armatore  conductors  cut  across  this  field  and  generate  the  necessary 


The  armature  may  either  be  of  the  open-circuit  star  type  or  of 
the  closed-circuit  type.  Both  kinds  of  armature  commutate  well. 
The  first  (fig.  ,5)  is  suitable  when  the  current  "to  be  collected  on  the 
commutator  is  very  great  and  the  voltage  to  be  generated  is  small, 
say  not  more  than  15  volts.  It  enables  a  very  wide  brush  (extending 


LaKi-ig- 


•J  0-4 


_J_   1  i   J- 

■ 

..       ,_.^ 

Y 

Ei 

/ 

1-^ 

-s — ■ 

-^ 

^ 

■* 

y' 

^ 

/ 

■* 

0     8 

0   .1/ 

x>   u 

iO    C 

)0   1^ 

io  M 

0    3 

SO    * 

50   * 

00H.P 

FiQ,  4.— PowEn-KAfiTOR  Curve  of  a  400-h.1'.  Motob  ;  a,  with- 
out THE  Phase-Advancer  :  u,  with  the  Advancer  in 
Circuit. 


■over  0'7  of  the  pole  pitch)  to  be  used.  The  second  type  (fig.  6)  is 
suitable  when  the  current  is  not  very  great  and  the  voltage  is 
higher.  The  illustration  given  in  fig.  11  relates  to  a  machine 
with  a  closed  armature  winding.  The  design  is  identical  with 
that  of  some  smaller  machines  of  6-K.v.a.  rating  now  running 
in  commercial  service,  but  the  dimensions  shown  are  suitable  for  an 
advancer  of  30-k.v.a.  output, 

The  cases  that  will  be  found  most  suitable  for  the  addition  of 
phase-advancers  to  induction  motors  are  those  where  the  motors  are 
intended  to  run  continuously  in  one  direction  throughout  the 
greater  part  of  the  day.     If  a  motor  is  intended  to  be  started  and 

'  stopped  frequently,  or  reversed,  then  it  is  not  suitable. 

Let  us  suppose  that  we  wish  to  design  a  phase-advancer  to  be 
direct-connected  to  an  800-h,p.  induction  motor  driving  a  continuous- 
current  generator.  If  the  motor  has  already  been  built,  it  is 
necessary  to  inquire  whether  its  rotor  is  provided  with  a  winding 
brQught  out  to  slip-rings  ;  and  if  so,  whether  the  slip-rings  aud 
brush  gear  are  designed  to  carry  the  full-load  current  continuously. 
One  could  adapt  a  phase-advancer  to  almost  any  normal  rotor 
winding  (except,  of  oourse,  a  short-circuited  winding)  ;  but  If  tlu 


Vol.72.    No.  i,«;i:.,Januauv2i,  ii)i:i.l     TFTK    KLHCTRK'Arj    IlKVIKW. 


ir>7 


current  ih  very  hiffh  nnri  thn  voltnKe  low,  the  cent  of  the  advancer 
will  be  irreater  than  whore  the  current  Ih  fairly  HmuU  nnd  thn 
voltaije  higher. 

Su|)i>OH(!  that  the  rotor  has  n  three-phone  star  connotated  windinpr 
havini;  a  Hlaiid-Htill  preHHure  of  8()0  voltn  per  phaHo.  The  wdrkirjr 
current  (that  iH  to  Hay,  the  current  in  phane  with  thn  voltnt'c )  will 
then  be  about  ^'i.l  amperen,  whic^h  ran  Ixi  collectod  on  a  com- 
paratively hmall  eoUcottir.     To   find  the  rotor  current  neoePKary  to 


Fk; 


.     .*..  — DiAORAM     OP     OrKN- 

CiHOfiT  Ahmatuhk    with 
Skvkral      ISranches      in 

PaBALLEI,        UNOEIV'   WiDK, 
BKUSH  BELONOIKd  TO  EACH 

Phase.       ^ 


Fk;.  r.  — Ci.g.sed-Circuit  Abma- 

TUKE       FOllMIKO      A      MERH 

Connection  hktween  the 
Pha.ses. 


make   the   motor   run   at   O'O")    leading   power   factor,    proceed   as 
follows  :  — 

Set  off  a  vertical  lino  representing:  2/).'i  amperes,  as  shown  in 
fijr.  7.  The  power  factor  of  an  800-H  r.  50-cyile  motor  running  at 
490  revs,  per  minute  mipht  be  about  0  S8,  so  that  without  the 
advancer  one  would  have  a  lapprinp  current  equal  to  4  7  per  ctnt.  of 
the  workinfT  current.  If  the  advancer  caused  the  rotono  take  a 
leadinsr  current  of  47  per  cent,  (that  is,  120  amperes),  the  power 
factor  at  the  stator  terminals  would  be  nearly  unity.  If  now  it  is 
desired  to  make  the  power  factor  at  the  stator  terminals  C'95 
leading,  we  must  supply  to  the  rotor  an  additional  31  per  cent,  of 
leading  current,   making'  200  amperes  wattless  in  all.     Adding  as 


Ficj.  7.— Consteuction  for 
Finding  V.xlue  ok 
Rotor  Current  Re- 
quired TO  Produce  a 
given  Leading  Power 
Factor. 


Fig.  «.— Construction  for 
Finding  the  Voltage 
Reqtired  to  regener- 
ated BY  Advancer. 


vectors  the  200  amperes  wattless  to  the  2.i.5  amperes  working 
current,  we  get  324  amperes  per  phase  for  the  rotor  when  run- 
ning under  these  conditions.  This  is  the  current  for  which  the 
advancer  must  be  designed.  If  we  had  made  the  rotor  with  a 
voltage  per  phase  of  400,  we  should  have  had  650  amperes,  which 
would  have  made  a  somewhat  more  expensive,  though  perfectly 
possible,  phase- advancer. 

Next  as  to  the  voltage  to  be  generated  by  the  advancer.  As  the 
armature  of  the  advancer  is  to  be  mesh  connected,  it  is  simpler  to 
take  the  voltage  across  the  slip-rings  than  the  voltage  per  phase 
of  the  star  winding.  Indeed,  as  the  motor  would  work  the  same 
whether  it  were  mesh  ctnnectid  or  star  connected,  we  may,  if  we 
like,  consider  it  mesh  connected,  as  we  have  done  in  fig.  il.  If  the 
normal  slip  of  the  motor  at  full  load  be  1'45  per  cent.,  the  E..M.K. 
generated  by  the  slip  will  be  20  volts  measured  between  rings. 
Lay  off,  as  in  fig.  8,  the  vertical  line  o  Ea  to  represent  this  voltage 
generated  by  the  slip  in  jhase  .v.  In  fig.  7  we  have  found  the 
angle  by  which  the  current  must  lead  on  this  voltage,  so  we  can 
set  off  the  line  o  «  to  represent  the  turient  in  phase  a  (see  fig.  9). 
Similarly,  O  /'  sud  o  <•  represent  the  currents  in  the  other  phases. 
We  should  all<  w  about  (i  volts  for  pressure  drop  in  brushes  and  in 
the  resistance  of  the  advancer.  This  will  be  represented  by  e^  r  in 
phase  with  o  a.  Then  there  will  be  some  reactive  drop  in  the  field 
coils  of  the  advancer.  We  may  provisionally  allow  5  volts  for  this, 
and  after  the  machire  is  calculattd  we  can  make  a  check  calcula- 
tion to  see  if  it  is  enough.  This  is  represented  by  r  .\,  There  is 
no  reactive  drcp  in  the  armature  because  the  ccmpensating  winding 
wipes  out  its  field.  We  see  that  if  we  add  a  voltage  x  v,  parallel 
to  b  a,  we  shall  get  a  resultant  voltage  o  v  in  phase  ■with  o  a,  and 
this  ie  what  we  want.  If,  therefore,  we  excite  the  advancer  with 
a  current  which  is  in  phase  with  the  sum  of  o  a  and  —  oh  (shown 
by  the  dotted  line  h  a),  we  can  make  the  cnnent  lend  by  the  right 
amount.     The  voltage  to  be  generated  ly  the  advancer  is  therefore 


(riven  by  x  v,  which,  whin  noalrd  off,  (riven  on  33  voltii.  It  will  bo 
Hcnn  that  thn  projection  of  <i  v  on  the  rertical  linn  girnt  on  o  v„ 
which  Ih  greafi>r  than  o  E...  If  thin  volt«(r«  o  \,  In  gn«tcr  than  w 
nocennary  to  ilrivn  thi>  workintr  current  throofh  the  rotor  circuit,  thn 
only  effe<!t  will  he  that  the  nlip  of  the  rotor  will  be  reduced  until  w* 
get  the  right  working  current  for  the  load.  If  it  Bhould  come  nut 
that  o  \  r  in  not  Huflleient  to  drive  thn  working  current,  then  th« 
^lip  of  the  motor  will  Ixi  iiicrenM'd. 

Krom  fig,  ■>  it  aprx-arn  that  with  .'13  voltn  geventeA  by  thft 
a<lvan<nr  the  clip  will  be  Hiightly  reduced.  We  than  arrive  at  th« 
rating  of  the  advoncer,  namely,  .S3  volt*  between  terminali  and 
324  amperes  per  phane. 

It  will  be  found  that  the  serics-wonn'l  advancer  will  have  more 
suitable  chara'-teribtics  lor  the  ca«e  in  hand  than  a  xhunt-woand 
advoncer.  With  a  Herie«  excitation  the  amount  of  leading  current 
taken  from  the  line  increaHcs  with  the  loarl,  m  that  the  power 
factor  of  the  motor  remains  more  nearly  constant  than  where  the 
excitation  of  the  odvantM>r  reriiains  constant.  We  will  therefore 
decide  upon  a  feries  winding.  When  the  voltage  to  be  generated  in 
of  the  order  of  :>0  volts  or  higher,  and  the  current  Ih  reasonably 
low,  as  in  this  case,  the  best  kind  of  armature  in  that  with  a  cloned 
winding,  just  like  an  ordinary  continuous-current  armature. 

Theoretically,  three  salient  poles  (equivalent  to  two  magnetic 
poles)  are  quite  enough  for  a  machine  of  the  rating  required  in  this 
case,  but  a  machine  of  six  poles  (eriuivalent  to  four  poles  mag- 
netically) is  more  likely  to  fit  in  with  standard  frames  and 
standard  punchings.  This  will  give  us  six  brush  arms,  two  in 
parallel  in  each  phase.  There  will  be  Ih2  amperes  per  bru«h  arm, 
and  lfi2  H-  173  =  94  amperes  per  conductor. 

As  the  speed  of  the  main  motor  in  this  case  is  quite  high, 
490  R.P.M.,  it  is  quite  a  good  plan  to  couple  the  advancer  directly 
to  it,  just  as  one  would  an  exciter  to  a  high-speed  synchronous 
motor. 

If  we  take  a  large  d-  l  constant  of  95  X  10'  cb.  cm.  it  will  not 
be  excessive,  though  very  ample.  A  diameter  of  46  cm.  is  suitable 
for  a  speed  of  4'.'  r.p,m.,  and  the  length  of  iron  may  be  18  cm. 

The  easiest  way  of  designing  a  phase-advancer  of  this  type  is  to 
proceed  as  if  it  were  a  continuous-current  machine  whose  voltage 
is  141  times  greater  than  the  virtual  voltage  called  for  in  the 
specification.  The  armature  need  not  differ  in  any  particular  from 
a  continuous-current  armature.  The  field  winding  will  be  provided 
with  series  exciting  coils  and. compensating 
windings  connected  to  the  various  phases  in 
the  manner  described  below. 

The  main  points  to  look  to,  that  are  not 
found  in  a  continuous-cuirrent  design,  are  : — 

1.  The  machine  though  having  six  salient 
poles  is  a  four-pole  machine  magnetically, 
and  we  must  remember  this  when  fixing  the 
dimensions  of  the  iron  behind  the  slots. 

2.  The  voltage  to  be  generated  as  a 
continuous-current  machine  is  r41  times 
greater  than  the  virtual  voltage  called  for. 

3.  The  fluxes  in  the  salient  poles  which 
constitute  magnetically  a  pole-pair  are  120° 
*part  in  phase,  so  that  the  v>ltage  generated 
in  an  armature  coil  which  lies  partly  under 
one  pjle  and  partly  under  another  is  only 
086  of  the  voltage  that  would  be  generated 
if  the  two  poles  were  carrying  the  maximum 
flux  at  the  same  time. 

4.  It  is  necessary  to  arrange  the  series 
winding  on  each  pole  so  as  to  cause  the  flux 
to  lead,  by  the  right  amount,  ahead  of  the 
current  carried  by  the  armature  conductors 
passing  under  the  pole. 

5.  It  is  desirable  to  arrange  the  compen- 
sating w^inding  so  that  its  effect  is  equal  and  opposite  to  the  arma- 
ture winding  adjacent  to  it,  and  for  this  purpose  it  is  necessary  to 
have  regard  to  the  phases  of  the  currents  in  the  armature  and  field. 

8.  It  is  desirable  to  provide  a  commutating  flux  which  shall  be 
proportional  to,  and  in  phase  with,  the  current  to  be  commutated. 

We  begin,  then,  just  as  we  would  on  a  continuous-current 
generator.  The  voltage  to  be  generated  is  33  x  141  =  4  65  volts. 
There  are  six  ways  through  the  armature,  each  carrying  94  amperes. 
If  we  choose  72  slots  with  four  conductors  per  slot  we  get  288  con- 
ductors, and  these  multiplied  hy  94  give  us  27,000  ampere- wires,  a 
fairly  easy  current-rating  for  an  armature  46  cm.  in  diameter. 

If  we  denote  the  area  of  the  cylindrical  working  face  of  the 
armature  by  A,,  and  the  maximum  flux  density  in  the  gap  by  B,  then 
we  may  take  tne  magnetic-loading  as  proportional  to  Aj,  B.  If  we 
have  a  pole  arc  equal  to  072  of  the  pole  pitch,  then  as  there  ate  48 
conductors  in  series  and  the  speed  is  8"2  revs,  per  second — 

465   X   10^  =  0'72   X  8-2  X  48  X  A,  B  X  0  866. 

Observe  the  multiplier  0'866.  which  comes  into  the  equation  on 
account  of  the  circumstance  mentioned  in  paragraph  3,  above. 

Thus  we  arrive  at  the  magnetic-loading  Aj,  B  =  0  189  x  U''.  If 
we  work  the  iron  in  the  teeth  at  18,500  lints  per  tq.  cm.,  we  shall 
require  a  total  mean  cross-section  of  all  the  teeth  of  1,020  sq.  cm. 
Our  conductors,  to  carry  normally  94  amperes  and  "25  per  cent,  over- 
load, may  be  made  0'23  by  r27  cm.  Four  of  these  will  require 
slots  about  077  x  3  7  cm.  To  provide  room  for  72  slots  and  give 
the  necessary  cross-section  to  the  teeth  we  shall  require  a  net 
length  of  iron  of  16  4  cm.  Allowing  11  percent,  lor  paper  on 
the  punchings  and  06  cm.  for  a  ventilating  duct,  we  arri\e  at  a 
gross  length  of  iron  of  19  cm.  The  rest  of  the  calculation  of  the 
armature  is  the  same  as  for  a  continuous-current  machine,  except 
in  the  matter  of  commutation,  which  we  will  consider  later. 

We  must  now  consider  how  we  ai^  to  wind  the  field  poles  so  a» 


Fig.  9. — Diagram  of  Con- 
nections. 

Mesh-connected  phase-advancer 
armature  <i,  h,  r,  field  oon- 
nec  ioBS  p,  Q  and  B,  and  mesh- 
connected  rotor  A,  B,  c  of 
induction  motor. 


158 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW,   [voi.72.  no.  1,835,  January  24, 1913 


to  (rive  to  the'excitation  its  proper  phase.  The  first  point  to  note 
is  that  the  six  armature  circuits  are  connected  in  mesh,  while  the 
learfs  from  the  brush-holders  are  connected  in  star. 

In  fifr.  y  we  have  a  diajrram  of  connections  as  they  would  be  if 
the  machine  had  only  three  brushes.  Obviously  this  diagram 
applies  equally  well  to  the  machine  with  six  brushes  where  brushes 
at  opposite  ends  of  a  diameter  are  in  parallel  with  one  another. 
The  inner  circle  of  fig.  9  represents  the  closed  windinj»-  of  the  arma- 
ture of  the  advancer.  The  small  letters  a,  h.  r  show  the  three 
phases  mesh  connected.  Three  brushes- - 1",  g  and  u — bear  on  the 
commutator  and  convey  the  currents  to  the  outer  circle,  A,  B.  C, 
which  represents  the  windinfr  of  the  rotor  of  the  induction  motor 
taken  as  mesh  connected.  The  arrowheads  show  the  direction 
alonp  each  conductor  which  is  taken  as  positive  for  the  purpose  of 
our  clook-diapram,  fip.  8.  P,  Q  and  K  are  in  star,  and  it  is 
only  in  series  with  them  that  we  can  connect  the  series 
excitin<T       coils.  The       voltagre       in       phase       A       of       the 

rotor  is  the  voltasre  we  would  measiure  by  connecting: 
a  voltmeter  to  the  collecting  brushes  !■'  and  tj'.  In  order  to  make 
the  current  in  thi-<  phase  lead,  it  is  necessary  to  generate  a  leading 
electromotive  force  in  the  part  u  of  the  armature  circiit.  From 
fig.  S  we  found  that  a  suitable  e.m.i\  to  inject  into  phase  a  was  the 
E.M.l".  .\  V,  which  is  in  phase  with  («  —  }i).  From  fig.  9  we  see 
that  the  current  in  i.>  is  (Ji  —  u),  so  that  —  <.>  is  (a  —  i).  We  will, 
therefore,  excite  the  poles  under  which  coils  a  are  passing  with 
—  g.  The  span  of  the  armature  coils  i* almost  a  pole  pitch,  so  that 
the  coils  in  phase  </  will  be  pa«slllg  under  two  adjacent  poles,  which 
we  will  call  pole  l'"  and  pole  t,'.  Now,  it  is  not  convenient  to  use 
only  the  conductor  y  to  excite  r"  and  y*,  because  we  have  to 
arrange  for  return  paths  and  also  for  a  compensating  winding,  and 
we  want  to  make  a  fairly  simple  mechanical  arrangement  of  the 
coils.  We,  therefor  ■,  take  advantage  of  the  known  fact  that 
currents  v  •  (,i  ^  K  -  o  :  therefore,  g  —  —  r  —  R.  Let  us  make 
an  arrangement  of  exciting  windings  and  compensating  windings 


countershaft  in  the  mill  where  it  is  used,  or  it  may  be  directly  con- 
nected to  an  independent  motor. 

The  most  important  consideration  of  the  design  of  the  phase- 
advancer  is  the  obtaining  of  good  commutation.  It  is  chiefly  for 
this  purpose  that  the  field  frame  and  winding  described  in  this 
paper  are  provided.  Where,  in  a  continuous-current  generator,  the 
voltage  between  the  bars  is  small,  the  commutation  can  generally 
be  forced  by  the  resistance  of  the  carbon  brushes  :  but  it  is  very 
much  more  desirable  to  provide  a  commutating  E.M.v.  which  shall 
at  all  times  be  proportional  to  the  current  to  be  commutated. 
In  the  machine  here  described  this  result  has  been  effected  by 
giving  each  armature  coil  a  span  of  somewhat  less  than  the  full 
pitch,  and  arranging  the  positions  of  the  brushes  so  that  one  of  the 
limbs  of  each  coil  is  moving  in  the  fringing  field  of  a  pole  excited 
by  a  current  which  is  at  all  times  proportional  to  the  current  under 
commutation.  The  currents  in  the  two  branches  of  the  armature,  - 
/;  and  —  r,  which  combine  to  form  i-,  are  out  of  phase  with  one 
another,  and  are  not  directly  under  control  of  the  commutating 
flux  ;  but  the  rate  of  change  of  the  current  in  the  coil  under  com- 
mutation ought  at  all  times  to  be  proportional  to  P.  Now  the 
pole  p''  (fig.  10)  is  excited  so  that  the  fringing  field  in  which  the 
left-hand  limb  of  the  coil  »  is  moving  is  at  all  time  proportional 
to  P,  By  making  the  coil  with  a  short  throw,  the  right-hand  limbcan 
be  taken  out  of  the  influence  of  the  pole  q".  The  exact  position  for 
the  brushes  is,  of  course,  obtained  by  trial  ;  in  practice  it  is  found 
that  the  commutation  is  perfect.  The  alternation  of  the  current  in 
the  armature  anS  field  causes  a  harmful  K.M.l".  to  be  set  up  in  each 
coil  under  commutation  :  but  as  the  frequency  is  so  very  low  (say, 
one  cycle  per  second),  this  e.m.f.  is  not  sufficiently  great  to  create 
any  disturbance.  In  the  machine  under  consideration  it  only 
amounts  to  one-sixth  of  a  volt. 

In  a  certain  mill  in  the  North  of  England  there  is  a  250-KW. 
generator  which  on  account  of  the  low  power  factor  of  the  motors 
connected  to  it  is  somewhat  overloaded.     As  it  would  be  a  rather 


Fk;.  10.— Showing  Relations  of  ExciTiNCi  Windings  and 
Co.MPKxsATiNG  Windings  to  Armature  Windings. 


Part  Sectional  Ele\ation  of  Phase-Advancer. 


like  that  indicated  in  fig.  10.  There  the  exciting  conductors 
which  pass  between  poles  p"  and  q"  are  -K  q,  -f  Q,  —  p,  —  u. 
That  is  to  say.  they  are  equivalent  to  3  q.  The 
question  whether  the  excitation  -+  g  gives  a  forward 
or  a  backward  e  m  f.  in  a  coU  depends  upon  the  direction 
of  rotation,  and  also  upon  the  question  whether  the  armature  is 
wound  right-handedly  or  left-handedly.  It  will  be  seen  that 
this  arrangement  of  conductors  lends  itself  to  form  mechanically 
a  simple  barrel  winding.  The  conductors  lie  in  two  layers,  and  all 
the  end  connectors  of  one  layer  are  bent  to  the  right,  and  all  the 
end  connectors  of  the  other  layer  are  bent  to  the  left. 

The  letters  in  fig.  10  which  are  placed  on  the  salient  poles 
represent  the  compensating  windings.  It  is  easy  to  prove  that 
these  are  in  direct  opposition  of  phase  to  the  currents  in  the 
armature  under  the  pole.  For  instance,  take  the  pole  p".  The 
compensating  winding  on  this  is,  -)-  P  -f  P  —  R  —  g,  or  -t-  3  p. 
Now  the  armature  coils  which  lie  under  p"  are  <•  and  —  a,  and  we 
know  that  a  —  <■■=  +  v.  Moreover,  the  ir,  conductors  in  the  pole 
face  carrying  the  currents  i',  q,  and  h  are  eciuivalent  to  12  con- 
ductors carrying  the  i' current.  Opposite  the  pole  P"  are  12  arma- 
ture slots  each  carrying — 2  n  and  2  c.  When  we  remember  that 
there  are  two  paths  in  parallel  per  phase  in  the  armature  we  see 
that  the  currents  in  these  12  slots  are  exactly  balanced  magnetically 
by  the  12  p  currents  in  the  compensa'ing  winding. 

In  practice  it  will  be  found  unnecessary  to  adjust  the  speed 
exactly,  because  the  particular  power-factor  at  which  the  motor 
runs  is  not  a  matter  of  importance.  It  is  not  usually  nece^ssary  to 
make  any  provision  for  the  adjustment  of  the  power-factor  during 
running  :  it  is  sufficient  that  the  motor  shall  take  a  leading  current 
from  the  line  at  all  loads.  If  it  should  be  necessary  to  adjust  the 
power-factor,  this  can  be  done  either  by  changing  the  speed  of  the 
advancer  or  by  diverting  some  of  the  field  current  from  the  serits 
coils. 

In  cases  where  the  speed  of  the  motor  is  not  great,  it  is  more 
economical  to  belt  the  advancer  to  it  so  as  to  obtain  a  higher  speed. 
In   other  cases   the   advancer   may  be    run    from  any   convenient 


costly  undertaking  to  install  a  new  generator,  the  alternative  pro- 
position was  put  forward  of  connecting  a  phase-advancer  in  circuit 
with  the  rotor  of  a  certain  140-h.p.  motor  in  the  mill.  It  was  seen 
that  this  at  least  would  help  matters,  although  the  capacity  of 
the  motor  and  its  phase-advancer  were  not  great  enough  to  bring 
the  power  factor  up  to  unity.  A  5-k.v.a.  advancer  was  ingtalledl' 
with  the  result  shown  by  the  following  figures  : — 

Total  Load  on  Mill. 


Amperes  per 
phase. 

Volts. 

Power 
factor. 

Advancer  cut  out         ...         ...         325 

Advancer  connected  in          \..         240 

440 
440 

070  lagging 
092  lagging 

Motor  Load  Only 

- 

.       / 

Advancer  ont 10.") 

Advancer  in       97 

440 
440 

074  lagging 
096  leading 

Whenever  the  advancer  was  switched  in  the  volts  of  the 
generator  roec  from  440  to  470.  The  figures  in  the  above  table 
were  taken  after  the  rheostat  had  been  adjusted  to  make  the 
voltage  normal. 

Another  case  that  might  be  quoted  is  that  of  three  400-h.p. 
motors  installed  for  pumping  water  for  the  Port  of  London.  As 
the  speed  of  the  motors  is  low  the  normal  power  factor  at  full  load 
is  only  O'o.").  These  machines  have  been  fitted  with  phase- 
advancers,  with  the  result  that  they  run  on  a  slightly  leading 
power  factor. 

The  table  on  page  158  gives  the  result  of  teste  upon  a  750-h.i'. 
motor  running  under  varions  conditions  with  and  without  a  phaso 
advancer. 

In  the  case  of  readings  1  and  2,  the  voltage  was  maintained  con- 
stant    by   hand  regulation       The  rise  of  voltage  between  readings    j 
3  and  4  is  due  to  the  phase-advancer  yielding  a  leaiiing  magnetising 
current.       It  will   be  seen  that  when  tlie  first  reading  was  taken 


Vol.7'.'.    No.  i,s;ir,,.rANMrAuv  •_'!,  I'.nit.l     ^i'ljK     KLECTEICAL    H1'>1)%VV. 


09 


the  phaHC'udviiiictT  wuH  nol  ruiiuiiit;,  uiul  tliu  jiowtT  fuutor  of  tlu: 
motor  wan  llitn  om;  lui;Ki>i»;.  Tho  lu^xt  two  ri'iulinKH  hHow  that 
with  thu  uiil  of  tlic  pliiuiii-utlvunuur  thu  powur  liiotur  )iu.s  bci'ii 
lirouifht  uj)  to  unity,  whilut  in  the  coho  of  fome  of  tho  lower 
rdnilinK'B,  with  the  aid  of  the  phatic-udvanccr,  thu  jiowcr  factor  hiiH 
l>oen  ohanKed  to  0'C>  leadini?. 


The  motor  on  which  these  experiments  were  tried  formed  part 
of  a  motor-generator  eet,  and  it  was  therefore  possible  to  make  it 
run  as  an  induction  generator  by  speeding  up  the  continuous-- 
current  machine.  When  this  was  done  the  terminals  of  the  phase- 
advancer  were  reversed  so  as  to  give  the  right  rotation  phases 
relatively  to  the  rotor  winding.  It  was  found  that  the  induction 
generator  could  be  run  so  as  to  supply  a  lagging  wattless  load,  the 
magnetisation  of  the  motor  being  carried  out  by  means  of  the  rotor 
current.  In  another  case  a  phase-ad  vnncer  was  connected  to  the 
rotor  winding  of  a  750-h  p.  motor  driving  a  rolling  mill.  The  load 
on  this  mill  was  very  unsteady,  and  for  considerable  intervals  of 
time  was  so  light  that  the  motor  was  running  on  an  extremely 
low  power  factor.  The  effect  of  the  phase-advancer  was  to  make 
this  induction  motor  take  a  small  leading  current  at  all  loads. 
Before  the  installation  of  the  advancer  the  whole  works  took  a  load 
of  about  1,000  K.v.A.  at  0  64  power  factor  ;  when  the  advancer  was 
started  up  this  was  changed  to  800  k.v.a.  at  0'8  power  factor.  In 
cases  where  generators  are  overloaded  and  it  is  not  desirable  to 
install  large  machines,  a  considerable  advantage  can  sometimes  be 
obtained  by  the  use  of  a  phase-advancer  in  conjunction  with  a  large 
motor  on  the  system. 


viiiiublo  ri-uctuncu  .\.  /,  in  lucb  It-K  Ailjuntulilu  i.oiiil>'iiMirii  <:  kutj  Y 
arc  adupti'il  to  be  vnrii-d  co)r|iially  with  i;oiidt:iir>  rn  u  anij  w 
rt:Hpc<'tivcly,  Ihit  latter  Ix'in^  iui.ludfd  in  cloxcil  OHcillation  circn'tii. 
rnch  of  wliich  foiinM  u  i>hunt  to  coDiiviiM-nt  f  and  v  rb«p<'-tiv(fl> 
ThcHu  i;ircuitH  are  iidtipti'il  to  be  tvutd  In  reronnnre  with  thi- 
nliHorbiiig  loop,  ami,  thcri-fon-,  oncillate  in  the  oKcillutioii  frcqutncy 
of  th('  reccivcfl  wavin 

The  variable  indiirtunrr'H.  K.  k',  rctipcctively  incliiikd  in  each 
shunt  circuit,  form  the  priiiinrieH  of  a  traniiformor,  the  K-cond»ry 
(;,  cf  which  forms  jiurt  of  a  <lete<:tor  circuit,  which  ii«  Ihuii  re«pr)n- 
Hivo  to  liny  o.Tiiiiitidii  I  n  .Mn-ufy  in  cither  tthunt  circuit  tbrf.Nf'h  ii..- 


4- 


FUi.    1.— WlKKLEfS 

Transmitter. 


FlO.   :?.  — WlBELEPS 

Reckiver. 


medium  of  the  inductive  coupling,  but  swings  in  its  own  lime 
period,  which  is  determined  by  the  adjustment  of  its  condeneer,  at 
a  rate  which  corresponds  to  the  group  frequency,  and  not  to  the 
oscillation  fruiuency  of  the  received  waves. 

In  an  alternative  form,  one  closed  oscillatirg  »'hunt  ciriuit  only 
is  shown,  to  which  the  detector  circuit  is  inductively  coupled,  as  in 
fig.  2. — Aiixfrnlifi/i  Mhihig  Stiindard. 


AUSTRALIAN    WIRELESS    TELEGRAPHY. 


The  Commonwealth  Commissioner  of  Patents  on  October  loth, 
1912,  granted  letters  patent  to  Mr.  J.  G.  Balsillie,  the  Commonwealth 
wireless  expert,  with  respect  to  his  system  of  wireless  telegraphy, 
which  is  assigned  to  the  use  of  the  Postmaster-General. 

The  description  and  drawings  of  the  transmitter  and  receiver,  as 
published  in  the  Australian  OflScial  Journal  of  Patents,  are  as 
follows  : — 

A__transmitting  system,  in  which  tuned  primary  and  charging 
circuits  energise  an  exciting  circuit,  which,  in  turn,  delivers 
unidirectional  impulses  or  kicks  to  an  electrostatically-coupled 
radiator  circuit. 

The  exciting  circuit  is  characterised  by  being  provided  with  more 
than  two  condensers,  one  of  which  is  common  to  the  radiator  circuit. 

The  unidirectional  impulses  are  obtained  from  the  exciting  circuit 
by  the  use  of  an  air-blast  gap,  working  with  a  pressure  of  100-10."i 
lb.  per  sq.  in. 

In  fig.  1  the  primary  circuit,  consisting  of  the  alternator  A,  key  b. 
primary  c  of  step-up  transformer,  and  reactance  i>«.is  inductively 
coupled  to,  and  in  tune  with,  the  charging  circuit,  consisting  of 
the  transformer  secondary  E,  reactance  k.  and  condensers  F,  a  and  H. 

The  exciter  circuit  comprises  the  rectifying  discharge  gap  .i 
(consisting  of  nozzle  and  plate  electrodes  l  and  si),  the  reactance  K, 
and  condensers  F,  G  and  H,  it  being  essential  that  the  condensers 
I"  and  G  are  arranged  symmetrically,  one  in  each  connection  of  the 
exciting  circuit  to  the  radiator  circuit. 

The  radiator  circuit  consists  of  the  antenna  P,  variable  inductance 
Q,  condenser  li,  and  earth  x. 

In  operation,  the  constants  of  the  exciting  circuit  are  so  adjusted 
that  it  has  no  distinctive  frequency  of  its  own,  in  order  that  the 
radiator  may  freely  oscillate  in  its  own  time  period. 

In  an  alternative  form,  a  rearrangement  of  the  condensers  is 
shown,  permitting  the  omission  of  the  variable  inductance  Q. 

In  an  absorber  of  the  looped  type,  fig.  2.  the  extremities  of  which 
are  connected  to  earth,  one  or  both  legs  include  a  variable  condenser, 
around  which  is  shunted  a  closed  oscillation  circuit,  tuned  to  the 
oscillation  frequency  of  the  received  waves,  and  provided  with  a 
variable  inductance,  forming  the  primary  of  a  transformer.  The 
secondary  of  this  transformer  is  included  in  a  detector  circuit, 
adapted  to  be  tuned  to  the  group  frequency  of  the  received  waves. 

The  receiver  may  thus  be  tuned  to  receive  from  any  particular 
transmitter,  working  on  the  two-tone  principle,  and  emitting  two 
distinct  wave  trains  of  difi'erent  frequencies,  but  having  a  certain 
predetermined  group  frequency.     The  circuit   is   formal  with   a 


Telephones  in  Uural  Districts. — It  will  be  remembered 

that,  under  the  present  farm  telephone  system,  several  persons 
in  rural  districts  are  enabled  to  share  a  single  telephone  line, 
running  through  an  estate  or  district,  at  considerably  reduced  rates. 
This  party-line  system,  of  course,  destroys  privacy  of  communi- 
cation, but  has  rendered  an  important  service  to  agriculturists  and 
others  by  providing  full  telephone  l)enefits  in  other  respects  at  a 
rate  which  is.  at  least,  proportioned  to  some  extent  to  the  les> 
urgent  need  for  telephone  service  in  these  districts.  Though  a 
farmer  has  not  the  same  kind  of  need  for  a  telephone  as  a  city  man. 
the  value  per  call  is  probably  greater  to  him,  owing  to  the  greater 
distances  involved  and  the  absence  of  other  rapid  means  of  com- 
munication. 

In  rural  areas,  the  commercial  advantages  of  telephone  facilities 
are  great  ;  market  fluctuations  can  be  followed,  and  sales  and  pur- 
chases effected,  but  it  is  in  commercial  transactions  that  the  lack  of 
privacy  of  the  party-line  system  is  really  most  serious.  Socially — 
where  distances  between  neighbours  are  great,  and  other  means 
of  communication  practically  impossible  in  inclement  weather — 
the  telephone  comes  as  a  great  toon.  In  at  least  one  case,  the 
tedium  of  an  isolated  farmhouse  has  been  relieved  by  the  trans- 
mission of  gramophone  songs  and  music  from  the  honse  of  a 
neighbouring  subscriber.  Finally,  the  ability  to  summon  prompt 
assistance  in  case  of  fire,  accident  or  other  emergency  cannot  be 
over-estimated,  and  must  save  many  lives  and  much  property  in 
the  course  of  a  year. 

The  Western"  Electric  Co.  have  lately  introduced  an  eccnomical 
telephone  system,  suitable  for  use  on  large  and  small  estates  and 
holdings,  whereby  a  line  is  run  round  the  estate,  startirg  at  the 
manor  house  or  office,  where  a  public  telephone  set  is  instaJled  side 
by  side  with  the  Ircal  or  "home"  instrument.  The  occupier  of 
every  holding,  and  the  various  estate  employes,  can  call  any  other 
station  in  the  local  circuit,  a  simple  ringing  code  being  airanged 
to  discriminate  between  the  calls  intended  for  one  station  and  these 
for  another.  Under  the  present  I'ost  Office  regulations,  private  tele- 
phone circuits  may  not  be  directly  connected  to  the  public  telephone 
system,  but  arrangements  can  easily  be  made  to  retransmit  messages 
from  stations  connected  only  to  private  telephone  lines  at  a  central 
station  connected  to  the  public  network,  as  well  as  to  the  party- 
line,  and  hence  provided  with  two  instruments. 

An  interesting  installation  on  this  system  has  lately  been  erected 
on  Messrs.  Farrow's  general  produce  farm,  near  Spalding,  Lines., 
and  various  parts  of  the  equipment  are  illustrated  in  our  contem- 
porary, the  Fruit  (TtviiYi;  I'niitrrer  and  Florist.  Ten  stations, 
including  the  central  office,  on  this  farm  (which  is  considerably 
over  1,000  acres  in  extent)  are  connected  by  19  miles  of  local  cir- 
cuit carried  on  creosoted  poles  varying  from  45  to  22  ft.  in  height. 
AH  the  telephones  are  of  the  magneto-ringing  type,  and  have 
powerful  five-magnet  generators.  Wall  sets  are  used  except  in  the 
central  office,  where  a  table  set  is  used  for  convenience,  the  ringing • 
magneto  and  call  bsU  baing  arranged  in  a  separate  box. 


160 


THE    ETJiiCTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  no.  1,835,  jamjaby  21, 1913. 


NEW 


PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR. 

(NOT  VET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913. 


Compiled  expressly  (or  this  journal  by  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  4  Co., 
ElectricuT  Patent  Agents,  2.S5,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C.,  and  al 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


318.      "Blow  magnet   fir    arc  lamps"       Kobtino  A  Mathieskn    Akt.-Gks. 
(Convention  date.  May  11th,  lt)13,  Uermany).    January  Cib.    (Complete.) 
381.    "  Processes  of  electric  welding."    G.  Onlcbtii..    January  6tb. 
333.    "  Bparking  plugs."    J.  U.  Rdnbakf.n.    January  Ctb. 
.161).    "  Electric  welding."    L.  M.  Watkkhoisk.    January  Gtb. 
411,    "  Disinfeeiing    apparatus  (or    telephones  and    the   like."    L.  Blolk. 
January  Utb.    (Complete.) 

41&.    "  Manufacture    of  quartz  articles."      British  Thombon-H(!X!ston  Co., 
Ltd.    (General  Electric  Co.,  United  Btates  )    January  Glh.     (Complete.) 

444.    "  Resonating  relays."     H.    \on  Kramer    and  U,   Kapi'.    (Addition    to 
lO.-HSe,  1911,  and  &,»6u,  1912  )    January  7(h. 

I$S.    "  Hoisting  gear,  winches  or  the  like,  operated  by  electric  motois."    D. 
NViisoN.     January  7tb. 

465.    "  Magnetometers,  compasses,  and   the   like."    R.  W.  Pacl.    January 
7th. 
605     "  Connections  between  wires    and    cables    of    small    diameter."      A. 
January  7th.    (Complete.) 
'  Means  for  improving  the  illuminating  etlect  of    olcotric  and   gas 

W.  J.  Seville.     January  7th. 
■  Ouide  attucbuienl  to  trolley  polos  of  oleotrioally-propelled  vehicles." 

January  8tb. 
'  Electric  ceiling  roses."    J.  P.  Smith.    January  Sth. 


FoDli 

506. 
lamps.' 

630. 
J.  Uiu.. 

.i»4. 


u70.  "  Means  for  and  methods  of  increasing  the  frequency  of  alternating 
currents."     A.  M.  Taylor.    January  8th. 

•'>8l.  "  Arrangements  for  compounding  allernatingourrent  machinery." 
Siemens  Bros.  Dynauo  Works,  Ltd.,  and  W.  Makden.    January  8th. 

1.08.  "Automatic  single-pole  electric  switch."  W.E.Gorton.  (Convention 
date.  May  Ititb,  191'i,  United  Btates  )    January  8ih.    (Complete.) 

Ij09.  "Disinfecting  apparatus  for  telephones  and  the  like."  L.  Block. 
January  8th.    (Complete.) 

C2i.  "Vapour  electric  current  rectifying  apparatus."  P.  Conrad.  (Con- 
vection date,  January  10th,  1912,  United  States.)    January  8th.    (Complete.) 

(W3.     "  Wireless  transmission  of  energy."    A.  Rolfe.    January  9th. 

W7.    "  Primary  batteries."    H.  E.  Frv.    January  9tb. 

ti64.  "Electrical  signal  system  in  connection  with  tramway  single  lines 
with  loops,  or  any  electric  traction,  either  along  the  public  thoroughfare,  in 
mines,  or  on  periuanent  railways."    E.  Lawton.    January  9tb. 

672.  "  Connection  of  motors  of  electric  tramoars  or  other  rail  carriages  to 
prevent  side  swing."     I.  Bllfi.n.    January  9th. 

687.  "Apparatus  for  controlling  synchronous  motion  electrically  (rem  a 
distance."  8ie»iens-S<hickeht  Werke.  (Convention  date,  August  2nd,  1912, 
Germany.)    January  9tb.    (Complete.) 

736.  "  Means  for  collectively  actuating  and  controlling  alternating-current 
motors."    J.  L.  Routin.    January  9th.    (Complete.) 

73fi.  ,"  Radiating  system  for  signalling  by  electric  waves  from  aeroplanes." 
Pional-Ges,  m.b  H.  (Convention  date,  February  24ih,  1912,  Germany.) 
January  9tb.     (Complete.) 

745.  "  Starting  and  regulating  devices  for  electric  motors."  A.  H.  Olmsted 
and  L.  Bootiiman.    January  9th. 

749.  "Improvements  in  and  in  means  (or  use  in  electroplating."  H.  B. 
Sankly.    January  lUth. 

763.  "  Electrical  terminals."    J.  W.  Record.    January  lOtb. 

764.  "  Electrical  switches."     W.  C.  Hobne.    January  10th. 

770.  "  Storage  battery  plates."  W.  M.  McDocoall.  January  10th. 
(Complete.) 

786.  "Method  of  telegraphy  by  low  voltage  currents  converted  by  an 
induction  coil  into  high  voltage  currents  and  a  double  current  key  for  making 
momentary  contacts."     R.  P.  MacUouoall.    January  10th. 

788.  "  Method  of  and  means  for  efff  cting  the  eflBcient  transmission  of 
electric  signalling  impulses  through  conduction  wires  and  cables."  A. 
WiLLiAUB,    January  10th,    (Complete.) 

790.  "  Motors  (or  use  chiefly  in  connection  with  telegraph  transmitters." 
J.  8.  Withers.    (K.  C.  Cox,  Norfolk  Island.)    January  10th. 

791.  "  Automatic  telegraph  transmitters."  J.  S.  Withebh.  (E.  C.  Cox, 
Nor(olk  Island.)    January  lUtb. 

792.  "  Electric  measuring  instruments."  H.  Aron  EIlektricitatszahleh- 
EABRiK  O  H  u.H.  (Convention  date,  August  28th,  1912,  Germany.)  January 
lOlh.    (Complete.) 

798.  "  Arc  lamps."  British  Thomson-Houston  Co..  Ltd.  (General  Electric 
Co.,  United  Btates.)    January  lOth. 

800.     "Accumulator  containers."    H.  Hunte.    January  lOtb. 

802.  "  Means  for  generating  alternating  electric  currents."  Q.  Maiicohi. 
Jannary  lOih. 

809.    "  Wireless  telegraphy  and  telephony."    8.  G.  Brown.    January  10th. 

818.  "  Selecting  devices  for  telephone  circuits."  Siemens  Bros.  &  Co..  Ltd., 
and  T.  PettioRew,    January  lOtb, 

833.  "  Dry  galvanic  cells."  J.  A.  E.  Achenbacu.  January  10th,  (Com- 
plete.) 

853.  "  Control  of  electric  motors  and  dynamos."  T.  &  J.  Jackson,  Ltd.,  and 
J.  Jaciuon.    January  11th. 

866.  "  E'ectric  furnaces  for  fixing  nitrogen  from  the  air."  Q.  Harkxk  and 
E.  K.  Scott.    January  11th.    (Complete.) 

882.    "  Electricity  meters."     W.  La«son.    January  11th. 

888.  "  Time-limit  devices  for  circuit-breakers  and  the  like."  J,  Rootiiaan 
and  Ferbanti,  Ltd.    January  lltb. 

886.    "  Electrical  resistances."    O.  L.  Pkard.    January  Ilth. 

896.  "  Carbon  feed  mechanism  for  electric  iiro  lamps."  Cbompton  &  Co..  Ltd., 
and  C.  CuoMPTON.    January  11th.    (Complete.) 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Mehbrh.  W.  p.  Thompson  &  Co.,  286,  High  Holborn,  W.C.,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


19U 

Wall    Pluub    or    othfr    Coui'L'N(ib  for   Eiecthical    Pi'Rposeb.      V.   C.   H. 

Gibson.    28,<«87.     December  21st.    (Cognate  applicalion,  12,909  of  1912.) 
CoaTBOLLEKs  FOB  Elictbic  Motors.    P.S.Turner.    29,138.     December  S7th. 
Maunetio  Bbpakatork.     Fried.  Krupp  Akt.  Giusonwuik.      29,224.     December 

28tb.     (January  12tli,  Uli. I 
P<jaTAiii.x   Elkctkic  Battery  Lamps.      Edmundaon's  Electricity  Corporation 

Ltd.,  J.  S.  HighUeld  and  F.  £.  Oripper.    29,809.    December  ;iUth. 


1912. 

DvNAMu-ELEnRic  Oenxkaturs.    British  Thomson-Houston  Co.  and  K.  Gartuu. 

4,629.     February  22nd. 
Mariners' Compasses.     L.  W.  P.  Chetn7«d.    4,761.    February  2tith. 
Insulating  Ph-h-clate  for  Railw.vy  ok  Tramway  Rails.    C.  J.  Cooke  and  A.  H. 

Johnson.    6,717.     March  19th. 
Klei'Trioallvopkraied  Automatic  Pi.kno  a.vd  like  Pi^yxrs.    J.  T.  Sibley. 

7,369.     March  26th. 
TuBBi.vE   Dynamo   Plant.     Warwick  Machinery  Co.  (1908).    (General  Eleotrit- 

Co.)     7.497.     March  27th. 
V'apocr- Electric  Devices.    British  Thomson-Houston  Co.    (General  Electric 

Co.)    7,775.    March  30th. 
Stabtino   Svste-ms  for  Internal-Combustion   Enuines.     J.   D.   Bell.     9,139. 

April  18th.    (Cognate  application,  16,763  of  1912.) 
Terminals  for   Electric  Battkhies.    H.  Lucas  and  G.  H.  Jackson.    9,278. 

April  19tb. 
Statio.n  Indicating  Device  foe  use  on  Vehicles.    D.  J.  Cooke  and  C.  Schcnck. 

9.3t0.     April  20th. 
Automatic  Block  Signalling  Systems  for  Kailwavs.    A.  E.  White.    (Carson.) 

10,?U8.     April  tOth. 
Spefo  Kkgulation  of  Asynchronous  Motors.     Bergmann  Elektricitiits  Werke 

Akt.-Ges.     12,134.     May  22nd.     (May  22nd,  1911.) 
E.vCKSs  Consumption  Meter  >ou  Electric  Cibcuits.    E.  Schuppisser.    18.602. 

June  10th.    (June  10th,  ICll.) 
Combination    Eleotmc    Lamp    Bulu  and    Diffuseh.    K.  L.   Frenot.    18,7C6. 

June  12th. 
Elkctrk'  Switches.     E.  B.  Meiriam.     14,763.    June  24th.    (June  53rd,  1911.) 
Reofnerative   Devices  for   Appabatus  for  Produhno   BiiNToEN  Rays.    H. 

Bauer.    16,171.    June  28th.  ^ 

Telephones.    E.  Ranidobr.     16,241.    July  lltb. 
Production  and  Wireless  Tbansmission  ok  Electrical  Osoii  lationr.      H. 

Heinicke  and  M.  Jasper.     18,632.    August  ]4tb.    (Divided  sppUoation  on 

28,a61  of  1911.    December  16th. 1 
Igniting  Current  Distributors  for  Intfrnal-Combustion  Motobs.    Siemens 

and  Halske  Akt.-Ges.     19,069.     August  20th.     (August  26th,  1911.) 
Electric  Wire  Terminal  Pluos.    C.  E.  Mowtcr.    23.f64.    October  I6th. 
Pluo  for  Electrical  Plug  Contacts.     H.  Stotz  and  Ctmpagnie  Elektricittiti 

Ges.    23,877.    October  18ih.    (October  20ih,  1911.) 
Devices  for  Adjustinothe  Length  of  the  Spare  Gaps  between  Fleotbodes. 

O.  Iniray.     (Ccmpagnie  Uenerale  Radiotelegiapbique.)     26,467.    Novem- 
ber 18th. 
Illuminated    Signs    for    Use    with    Arc    Lamps,      W.    J.    Beville.       229. 

January  drd. 
Systems  of  Electric  Distribution.    British  Thomson-Houston  Co.  and  A.  P. 

Young.    627.    January  fth. 
Elkotkical  Means  for  Controlling  Eleotrically-Dbiven  ApPARATUg.    H;  T. 

Holmes  and  Automatic  Advertising  Co.     1,069.    January  19th. 
Blackieadino  Machines  for  the  Use  of  Electrotvpehb.     R.  Hoe  .&  Co,  and 

F.  G.  Lougec.    1,968.    January  24th. 
Dbyino  of  Articles  Moulded  from  Clat,  ob  otheb  wet  Matebial,  more 

Ebpeciaily    Intendfd    for    Use    in    Connf.ctu  n    with    the    Drying  of 

Multiple  Channel  Conduits  fob  Electrical  Conductors.    R.  Lawton. 

2,348.    January  29th. 
Electric  Switches.    M.  J.  Railing  and  J.  Btrachan.    4,677.    February,  28rd. 
Troll>.y  Collectors  for   Electricallv-Driven  Trauoars  or  Road  Motok 

Vehicles.     E.  P.  U.  Estler.    5,469.     March  5th. 
Magnetos  Used  with  Internal-Combustion  Engines.    E.  E.  Bentall  and  G.  C, 

Bingham.     6,629.     March  Gtli. 
Device  fob  Attachino  Overhead  Line  Wires  to  Insulators.    G.  R,  Paton. 

5,636.     March  6th. 
Automatic    Spakk  Timing    Mechanism    fob    Internal-Combustion    Engines. 

T.  Townson.    6,077.    March  Uth. 
Switches  Combined  with  Plug  Terminals  for  Electbic  Circuits.     W.  E. 

Watson.     6,b73.     March  18th. 
Electrical  Indicating  Apparatus.   Soc.CourtaudG.Garnier,  Gil  et  Cie.    7,780. 

March  30th.    (April  1st,  1911.) 
Electric  Advertjsinq  Appliances.    J.  Meyer  &  Neuheiten  Verwtrlhungs  Ges. 

12,133.    May22Dd. 
Electro. Magnetic  Brakeb.     A.  Thode  &  Co.    18,440.    August  10th.    (August 

10th.  1911.) 
Appabatus  for  Automatically  Operating  Gas  ob  Electric  Lamps.      C.  R, 

Oliver.    28,998.    October  21st.    (Addition  to  23,789  of  1911.) 


A    Technical    E.\planation.— One    of    the    leading 

Canadian  daily  newspapers  was  describing  the  cause  of  a  street  car 
tie-up  which  had  occurred  the  day  before.  The  reporter  remarked 
that  he  interviewed  an  expert,  and  in  all  seriousness  he  gave  the 
following  account  of  the  interruption  of  service  on  the  transmission 
line  : — "  If  there  is  an  electric  gtorm  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
wires,  the  current  on  the  wire  is  protected  by  rotary  converters, 
which  transform  the  alternating  current  to  a  direct  one.  Some- 
times the  transformers  are  thrown  out  of  service,  and  have  to  be 
started  up  again,  causing  a  delay  in  the  syetems  fed  by  the  power. 
When  this  happens,  the  current  is  stepjied  down  and  out."  The 
moral  is  :  Be  careful  what  you  believe  when  you  read  the  daily 
newspaper — no  matter  what  a  power  it  wields  in  the  land. 

ElectTOiiietallur^y   in    Norway. — A   company,  under 

the  name  of  "  Aktieselskabet  Hybinettes  Udenlandske  Xickel- 
patenter,"  has  recently  bt-en  formed  at  Kristiania  with  a  capital  of 
£5,.';55,  for  the  purpose  of  selling  foreign  patents  of  Engineer  F. 
llybinette  for  the  production  of  nickel  by  electrolysis  from  nickel- 
copper  matte,  which  have  been  acquired  by  the  company  from  the 
inventor.  As  may  be  remembered,  the  Norwegian  rights  of  the 
above-mentioned  method  have  been  acquired  by  the  Kristiansand 
Electrical  Nickel  Refining  Works,  which  have  already  employed  the 
process  at  their  works  at  Kristiansand  for  a  couple  of  years,  with 
great  success. 

At  the  same  time  a  similar  company  has  been  formed  at  Kris- 
tiania under  the  name  of  "  Aktieselskabet  Hybinettes  Udenlandske 
Kobberpatenter,"  with  a  capital  of  £1,177,  for  the  purpose  of  selling 
the  foreign  patent  rights  of  Engineer  Hybinette  for  the  electrolytic 
production  of  copper  from  copper  ore  and  from  roasted  copi>er  ore 
and  pyrites.  This  process  has  also  been  commercially  exploited  in 
Norway.  It  may,  however,  be  mentioned  that  it  deals  only  with 
those  ores  in  which  the  percentage  of  nickel  does  not  exceed  that 
o£  copper. 


TMB 


HIXjECTK/IC-A-Xj    I^/E'VIE^W^. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


JANUARY  81,  I9i:i 


No.  l,n»»; 


Vol.  LXXII.  1 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


CONTKN'I'S:  January  31,  ItflD.l 


fNo.  1,880. 


The  British  Electrical  and  Allied  Manufacturer!)' Association  161 

The  "  Myriawatt  " Iii2 

Electrical  Exports  and  Imports  durinif  1912     162 

Copper            ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  162 

The  IJlaokburn  Extensions  (;//«.v)            lOH 

Mistakes  in  Tenders            ...         164 

Correspondence : — 

Errthinp  the  Neutral            165 

Testinfj  the  Continuity  of  Earth  Conductors         ...         ...  16.') 

The  Chances  in  Enjrland         165 

Tarilfs  for  Electricity  Supply           166 

The  l.E.E.  Discussions            166 

The  Association  of  Electrical  Station  Enf^ineers 166 

Villaffc  Lighting          167 

The  Case  of  the  Sub-Man      167 

The  Household  Battery      168 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Tramway  Feeding  Networks            16'.i 

Design  of  Phase-Advancers  (in««.) 169 

Electric  Winding  Engines     171 

British  Electrical  and  Allied  Manufacturers'  Association  (Inc.)  172 

^Legal , 174 

The  L.B.  and  S.C.  Railway  Electrification  0'n?<.O        176 

Basiness  Notea         177 

Notes 184 

City  Notes 186 

Stocks  and  Shares 189 

Market  Quotations 190 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         191 

New  Type  of  Single-Phase  Locomotive  (iJ/?/«.) 193 

Australian  Tramway  Companies  and  their  Employes. — IX.    ...  19H 

Hong-Kong  University      ...  194 

Tramcar  Clears  (iZZM«.)        194 

Electrical  Dangers 195 

EflBciency  in  the  Estimating  Department           196 

Exports  and  Imports  of  Electrical  Goods  during  Dec,  1912  198 

Electrical  Exports  and  Imports  during  1912  and  previous  Years  199 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (illit^.')      201 

Foreign  and  Colonial  Tariffs  on  Electrical  Goods          20.? 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 204 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     204 

Contractors'  Column         . . .         Advertisement  pages  xxiv  and  xxvi 

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THE  UNIVERSAL  ELECTRICAL  DIRECTORY 

(J.  A.  Berly'.). 

1913     EDITION 

In    the    l?>:>ess« 
M  Alabaster,  Catehouae  &  Co.,  4,  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  E.C. 


THE   BHITISIT  EI.KCTRK.'.VL 

AND    ALLIED    MANL'FACrrUREKS' 

ASSOCIATION. 


Till-:  Asaociiition  is  to  bo  congratulated  upon  ilit;  succcas 
which  attended  its  annual  dinner  on  Friday  last,  when 
FiOrd  Anipthill  for  the  first  time  presided  over  its  pro- 
ceedings, and  the  chairman  of  the  Council,  Mr.  .\.  IJruee 
Anderson,  witli  commendable  restraint,  defined  its  aims  ami 
felicitated  the  members  upon  its  achievements.  The 
Association,  he  said,  had  attained  a  position  in  which  it 
must  be  heard,  and  on  every  occasion  when  it  had  had  to 
speak,  it  had  been  heard  with  courtesy  and  consideration- 
That  the  Association  should  occupy  an  influential  position  in 
the  affairs  of  the  electrical  industry  is  greatly  to  be  desired, 
and  no  one  will  be  found  to  cavil  at  the  tone  of  the  chair- 
man's speech,  which  indicated  that  success  was  due  to 
grafting  the  spirit  of  alliance  on  the  old  spirit  of  self- 
reliance.  The  latter  in  past  time  has,  perhaps,  been  some- 
what too  prominent  in  our  industry  ;  individualism  has 
been  carried  to  extremes,  with  a  lamentable  lack  of  foresight, 
and  the  consequences  of  cut-throat  competition  have  been 
painfully  brought  home  to  many  firms,  the  innocent 
suffering  with  the  guilty. 

The  times,  apparently,  are  changed  ;  co-operation  was 
the  key-note  of  the  gathering,  and  the  text  of  every  speech. 
Seeing  that  we  have  for  years,  in  season  and  out  of  season, 
urged  upon  our  readers  the  imperative  necessity  of  combination 
and  co-opefation  in  order  to  rescue  the  electrical  industry  from 
the  dangers  towards  which  it  was  drifting,  we  may  be  permitted 
to  claim  no  small  share  in  bringing  about  the  new  order  of 
things,  and  we  rejoice  to  see  our  precepts  translated  into 
action,  and  our  policy  adopted  with  enthusiasm. 

•Judging  from  the  report  of  the  Council  on  the  results  of 
the  first  year's  operations,  which  we  reproduce  elsewhere  in 
this  issue,  excellent  progress  has  already  been  made  towards 
organising  the  industry  and  harmonising  its  apparently  dis- 
cordant elements.  The  relations  between  vendors  and  pur- 
chasers of  plant  have  been  vigorously  taken  in  hand,  and  the 
work  of  evolving  a  model  set  of  conditions  of  contract,  with 
the  co-operation  of  the  l.E.E.  and  the  I.M.E.A.,  is  far 
advanced.  In  this  respect  also  we  led  the  way,  having 
conducted  for  some  years  a  critical  examination  of  speci- 
fications for  public  works,  with  especial  reference  to  the 
onerous  conditions  of  contract  prescribed  by  the  legal 
advisers  of  municipal  authorities.  The  unnecessary  waste 
of  time  and  money  involved  in  the  practice  of  cross-tender- 
ing, which  also  has  been  condemned  in  our  columns,  has 
been  tackled  by  the  Association,  and  an  agreement  has  been 
reached  whereby  tenderers,  it  is  hoped,  will  be  relieved  of  all 
this  trouble  and  annoyance. 

The  revision  of  standards  for  electrical  machinery  is 
urgently  needed,  and  the  Association  has  made  good  progress 
in  this  direction  :  while  this  matter  is  on  the  table  we  trust 
the  Council  will  give  serious  consideration  to  the  report  of 
Mr.  Hamilton  Wickes,  which  we  recently  published,  with  a 
view  to  establishing  a  Laboratory  dealing  with  the  whole 
question  of  standardising  and  testing  electrical  accessories. 

One  of  the  most  delicate  matters  which  have  beun  dealt 
with  is  the  relationship  between  the  Association  and  the 
Electrical  Contractors'  Association,  and  we  trust  that  in 
this  case  also  satisfactory  results  will  be  derived  from  the 
negotiations  which  are  now  in  progress. 

The  suggestion  of  Mr.  Duddell  that  efforts  should  be 
made  to  co-operate  with  other  important  bodies  is  a  valu- 
able one,  and  we  hope  it  will  bear  fruit.      Co-opei-ation  is, 

161] 


162 


THE    ELECTEICAL    REVIEW,    [voi.  72.  no.  i.sso,  jancaby  31,  1913. 


undoubtedly,  the  right  policy — the  only  policy  that  affords 
hope  for  the  future  of  the  British  electrical  industry,  which 
has  had  its  hard  times,  and  deserves  a  term _of  prosperity. 
In  spit*-  of  the  '•  hoom,"  it  is  a  fact  that  prices  still  rule 
low,  much  lower  than  they  ought  to  be,  though  work  is 
plentiful,  and  by  sincere  and  genuine  co-operation  this  can  be 
remedied.  But  is  the  i)olity  of  the  Association  always  and 
wholly  co-ojierative  ?  }Ias  there  been  no  endeavour  to  apply 
pressure,  to  resort  to  attempted  compulsion  without  so  much 
as  a  preliminary  hint  at  co-operation,  in  any  of  its  activities  ? 
But,  perhaps,  that  to  which  we  refer  ;\as  simply  the 
work  of  a  i<ub-committee.  While  we  congratulate  the 
Association  on  the  good  work  it  has  done,  and  is  doing, 
and  heartily  appro\e  the  creed  which  it  professes,  we  trust 
that  it  will  sedulously  adhere  to  the  principles  of  action 
which  its  leaders  have  so  earnestly  enunciated. 


The 


OuK   friends  in  the  I'nited  States  are 
"Myriawatt."    *''*'^'"S     ^^^   question   of   standards   very 
seriously.       A    Joint   Committee   of    the 
American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers  and  the  American 
Society   of  Mechanical    Engineers    last    month    resolved  to 
recommend  to  the  said  Societies  the   use  of  the   myriawatt 
as  a  unit  of  thermal  or  mechanical  power,  to  be  used  exclu- 
sively  in  connection  with  boilers,   producers,   turbines  and 
engines,  in  lieu  of  the  term  "  boiler-horse-power,"  from  which 
it  is  said  to  differ  by  only  2  per  cent.     We  are  informed  that 
this    is   an   important  event,  being  the  first  piece  of  joint 
standardisation    work   accomplished    between    two    of    the 
American  engineering  Societies,  and  affording  a  simple  and 
satisfactory  method  of  rating  the  input  and  output  of  turbo- 
generators in  terms  of  the  international  watt.  We  are  gravely 
told    that    "  instead    of    rating   the    output   of    a    turbo- 
generator in  kilowatts,  and  the  input  in  boiler-horse-power  or 
other  heat  units  as  at  present,  it  becomes  very  convenient  to 
rate  the  electric  output  in  kilowatts  and  the  steam  input  in 
myriawatts,    because  the  myriawatt    is   approximately    the 
same  as  the  boiler-horse-power,  while  it  is  also  exactly  10  kw. 
By  this  means  the  long  existing  incongruity   of  stating  the 
input  and  output  in   different    and   disconnected    units  of 
power  will  be  eliminated."     Now,  we  cannot  refrain  from 
pointing  out  that  to  "  standardise  "  the   myriawatt,  which 
is  simply  a  recognised  decimal  multiple  of  the  standard  watt, 
is  as  superfluous  as  to  standardise  the  number  10 — or  10,000. 
It  is  not  standardisation  at  all.     What  the  conference  really 
did  was  to  agree  to  abolish  the  "  boiler-horse-power,"  a  term 
which  Las  been  disused  and  obsolete  in  this  country  for  years 
and  years.     For  the   benefit   of  our  readers  we   may  state 
that,  according  to  an   American  handbook,  it  represents  an 
evaporation  of  MO  lb.  of  water  per  hour  from  70"  F.  to  steam 
at   70   lb.   pressure  :  we  are  sure  that  American  engineejs 
will    be   well    rid  of    this   clumsy    unit.     What  we  cannot 
understand,  however,  is  why,  in  the  name  of  common  sense, 
they  want  to  measure  the  input  by  a  unit  ten   times  that 
used   for  the  output.     Surely  the  kilowatt  is  good  enough 
for   both    ends   of    the   machine.       Have  our  cousins  lost 
their  tiwlitional  sense  of  liumour  r 


Ix   accordance   with   our  usual  custom 

Electrical        towards  the  end  of  January,  we  ijublish 

Exports  and        i       i         •     ,i  •    •  \  ■  i     /. 

luijiorts  during  ^^'^ewhere  in  this  issue  a  graphic  record  of 

1912.  t.he    more   important   features   of    British 

electrical  export  and  import  business  during 

the  year  just  ended.     The  various  trade  curves  which   we 

reproduce   are  based  on   the  monthly  statistics  which  have 

formed  an  exclusive  feature  <»f  this  journal   for  some  years 

past. 

In  view  of  the  steady  expansion  of  British  overseas  elec- 
trical tiadc  which  has  occurred  in  recent  years,  there  can  be 


no  doubt  that  information  as  to  the  approximate  extent 
and  character  of  requirements  of  the  different  markets  of 
the  world  is  extremely  useful  to  the  exporter,  and  this 
information  can  be  obtained  from  our  monthly  statistics. 

It  is  probable,  however,  tliat  the  detailed  particulare  from 
which  the  latter  are  compiled  contain  much  information  of 
value  to  particular  firms,  which  it  is  imjwssible  for  ns  to 
publish,  and  to  meet  cases  such  as  these,  we  shall  have 
pleasure  in  allowing  those  interested  to  examine  these  details 
en  application  to  us. 


Copper. 


TuE  fall  in  the  price  of  standard  has 
naturally  aroused  considerable  interest, 
affecting,  as  it  does,  not  only  actual  dealers  but  many 
important  industries,  which  are  iufiuenced  by  the  price  in 
making  quotations.  Discussed  in  the  Finantier  for  January 
17th,  two  theories  are  quoted,  held  by  "bears"  and 
"  bulls  "  respectively.  The  bear  theory  is  that  the  American 
producers  have,  in  the  aggregate,  increased  the  output  ?o 
substantially  that  consumption  has  been  overtaken,  and 
stocks  have  consequently  accumulated.  Also  that,  in  con- 
sequence of  enormous  electrical  schemes  in  prospect  in  the 
States,  more  low-grade  mines  have  been  opened,  which  help 
to  increase  the  output.  This  party  also  is  appi'ehensive  of 
the  effect  of  further  restrictive  legislation  in  future. 

The  "  bulls "  have  it  that,  while  the  producers  may  be 
holding  stocks,  merchants  and  consumers  keep  practically 
none,  and  that  the  same  conditions  prevail  in  Europe.  It 
is  also  believed  that  the  political  outlook  in  Europe  is  less 
gloomy  than  is  represented.  A  revival  of  trade  on  more 
settled  conditions  would  force  the  consumer  into  the  market 
and  cause  a  smart  recovery  in  price. 

Uncertainty,  as  pointed  out  by  the  writer  of  the  Fimmciir 
article,  is  the  disturbing  cause  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 
I'ntil  the  want  of  confidence  is  overcome,  the  demand  will 
not  be  inclined  to  increase,  while  production  is  likely  to  pro- 
ceed with  regularity.  It  is  anticipated  in  New  York  that 
the  price  may  further  come  down  to  about  IG  cents,  corres- 
ponding to  about  £7:3  10s.  per  ton.  There  is  said,  however, 
to  be  a  strong  group  ready  to  act  in  co-operation  to  pre\ent 
anything  like  a  "  slump." 

Messrs.  James  Jjewis  &  Son's  resume  of  the  situation  in 
1912,  quoted  h^  the.  Financial  Xewsoi  January  17th,  is  well 
worth  studying  in  connection  with  the  present  situation. 
They  say  : — "  During  the  first  half  of  the  past  year  standard 
copper  fell  from  £G3  per  ton  for  cash,  the  value  at  the  close 
of  1!)11,  to  £00  17s.  (Id.  on  January  2!)th,  wire  bars  selling 
at  £()5  5s.  AVith  a  rapidly-increasing  consumption  and 
diminished  supplies,  large  purchases  were  made  by  con- 
sumers and  speculators,  and  prices  steadily  advanced  until 
£xO  was  paid  for  cash  and  £K0  15s. for  three  months'  prompt 
standard  on  June  20th — the  highest  point  of  the  year 
— wire  bars  selling  at  17^  cents  per  pound,  or 
£82  per  ton  c.i.f.  On  July  1st  European  stocks 
and  those  held  by  American  refiners  had  decreased 
40,2:58  tons  (from  lOO.GOM  tons  on  January  Ist,  to  00,455 
tons),  the  increase  in  European  and  U.S.  consumption  being 
respectively  81,160.  and  25,50'.i  tons,  or  50,075  tons 
together.  After  July  1st,  stocks  steadily  increased  from 
00,455  to  82,055  tons,  production  having  overtaken  con-  . 
sumption,  and  the  policy  of  the  leading  American  refiners  of 
maintaining  their  laelling  price  for  electrolytic  copper  at 
17;j  cents  per  lb.,  although  cash  standard  fell  to  £71  IMs.  !)d. 
in  August,  and  rose  to  £7i)  15s.  in  September,  being  sus- 
tained by  large  purchases  believed  to  have  been  on  American 
account,  caused  manufacturers  to  hold  lus  little  copper  as 
possiWe,  and  to  buy  only  for  their  immediate  requirements, 
thus  throwing  the  onus  of  carrying  the  increasing  stocks  on 
the  American  refiners.  The  year  ended  with  cash  standard 
quoted  at  £70  I2s.  Od.,  and  high  conductivity  wire  bars 
£82  jier  ton.  Production  in  the  U.S.  has  increased 
70,973  tons,  or  over  14^  per  cent.,  against  a  decrease  of 
1,009  tons  in  IIUI."  General  deductions  are  that  the 
price  is  still  one  favouring  increased  production.  As  any 
favourable  influence  tending  to  lessen  the  uncertainty  of  the 
political  outlook  would  be  followed  by  a  marked  trade 
revival,  it  will  be  to  the  interest  of  consumers  that  this 
increase  thould  continue. 


Voi.7j.    No.  i,8;».,,jANnAKY:ii,  I'jiM.i     TIIK     K riKC'ritlCA h     IM'AIIlW. 


IfW 


THE    BLACKBURN    EXTENSIONS. 

In  our  lust  isHiie  wii  referred  brielly  to  tlic  now  plimt  wliidi 
has  recently  Ikscii  insliilled  l)y  the  |{lHckl)iirii  electricity 
(lepartniont,  chiefly  in  order  to  meet  the  demand  for 
indnstrial  power  in  the  town. 

The  plant   previously  in  use  consisted  of   1.')  D.c.  cn(,'inc- 


New  Westinghouse  Tukuine  Plant  at  the  Blackbdkn  Electeicity  Works. 


driven  f!;enerators  and  a  motor-generator  for  supplying 
alternating  current. 

The  new  plant  includes  two  Westinghouse  fcurbo-alternator 
sets  generating  three-phase  current  at  (i,000/6,(>00  volts  and 
r)0  cycles,  remote  controlled  switchgear,  and  two  rotary 
converters  with  the  necessary  transformers,  by  the  same 
maker's,  to  link  up  the  alliernating  and  direct-current 
supplies. 

The  turbines  are  of  the  impulse  type,  running  on  steam 
at  ISO  lb.  pressure  and  KiO"  F.  superheat,  and  at  a  speed 
of  3,000  R.P.M. 

o;  One  turbo-alternator  is  already  completed,  and  has  been 
on  load,  but  not  officially  tested,  while  the  second  one  will 
be  completed  on  the  arrival  of  the  alternator  early  in 
February. 

Each  set  is  capable  of  giving  2,000  k\v.  under  continuous 
working  conditions.  In  addition  to  the  usual  fittings,  &c., 
a  small  automatic  steam-driven  oil  pump  is  provided  for 
flushing  the  bearings  before  starting  up,  a  Lea  recorder  is 
also  provided  for  each  set,  and  a  Triplex  Fournier  recorder  for 
giving  temperatures  of  condensing  water  inlet  and  outlet, 
together  with  the  extraction  water. 

The  condensers,  fixed  directly  under  the  turbine,  are  of 
the  Leblanc  type,  each  with  its  own  Leblanc  air  pump 
driven  by  a  vertical  turbine  which  exhausts  into  the  low- 
pressure  end  of  the  main  turbine. 

The  steam  supply  to  the  auxiliary  turbine  is  arranged  for 
starting  up  from  the  main  platform  of  the  turbine,  so  that 
it  is  not  necessary  in  case  of  emergency  to  go  down  into  the 
basement  to  start  up  the  condenser. 

The  rotors  of  the  alternators  are  of  the  cylindrical  type 
with  ^liles  Walker's  patent  compensated  windings  and  fans 
attached  for  ventilating  purposes  which  draw  the  air,  by 
means  of  ducts,  from  filters  fixed  outside  the  engine  room 
through  the  windings  of  the  machine,  the  warm  air  being 
then,  by  means  of  a  plate  placed  on  the  top  or  bottom  of  the 
alternator  casting,  exhausted  either  upwards  into  the  engine 
room  or  downwards  into  the  basement. 

The  water  for  the  condensers  can  be  taken  either  from  a 
tank  over  the  boiler  house,  direct  from  the  reservoir,  or  from 


ii  cooling  tower  cjipaltli;  of  dctilitig  with    2(i0,000  gulloiif  p«;r 
hour,  which  Ih  in  (^jurw.  of  erection. 

The  two  rotary  convert*;™,  of  HOO  km.  faj^uity  emili, 
have  teen  fixed  adjoining  the  turliinen,  while  iIk-  tnin»(- 
lormcrs,  one  for  earh  machine,  raUtd  at  xxo  k.v.a.,  f;,t;00/4«0 
volts,  and  of  the  oil-inKulat<;d,  Hcif-coojing  type,  an: 
located  in  the  basement  fn-low  the  rotaripH. 

The  trarmfortnerH 
are  coiinecttwl  ntar  to 
double  Htar,  for 
ofmration  in  eon- 
neetion  with  the 
rotaries,  which  arc 
si\-[>ha«<!  machines, 
running atdOOH.l'.M  . 
with  a  t)O08ter  and 
exciter  mounted  on 
the  same  shaft.  The 
rotaries  are  htarted 
u[)  from  the  t).c.  bus- 
bars and  can  bo  run 
inverted  for  supply- 
ing the  a. f.  load  when 
the  turbines  are  slmt 
down. 

The  extnt  -  high- 
tension  control 
switchboard  is  fixed 
in  the  main  switch- 
room,  and  is  of  the 
electrically  operated 
remote-control  desk 
tyj)e,  equipped  with 
the  usual  indicating 
lamps,  instruments, 
»^c.  ;  it  is  divided 
into  nine  panels  made 
up  of  two  turbo 
panels,  two  rotary 
converter  panels,  four 
feeder  and  one  bus-bar  coupling  panels.  Two  rotary  converter 
direct-current   control   boards   are   also   fixed  in  the   main 


Remote  Control  Boaui)  fou  the  e.ht.  Switch(;kak. 

Bwitchroom.    on   which   are   fixed   throw-over   switches  for 
supplying  the  lighting  or  traction  bus  bars. 

The  extra-high-tension  switchgear  is  built  up  in   brick 


164 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.72.  no.i,83g,  January  31, 1913. 


cubicles  in  a  special  room  in  another  building  situated  about 
GO  yards  from  a  control  desk.  The  oil  switches  are  of  the 
tbrce-pole  type,  with  solenoid  ojierating  gear,  and  are  inter- 
locked with  tlie  doors  of  the  cubicles.  Already  four  feeders 
have  l)een  laid  to  two  mills  situated  a  mile  and  a  half,  and 
half  a  mile  distant  resjKJctively,  from  the  works,  the  demand 


The  whole  of  electrical  machinery,  condensers,  pumps, 
switcbgear,  &c.,  has  been  supplied  by  the  British  Westing- 
house  Co.,  and  the  cooling  tower  is  being  built  by  the 
Davenport  Engineering  Co.  The  pumps  for  the  latter  are 
being  supplied  by  the  Kees  Koturbo  Co.,  and  the  water 
piping  by  the  Stanton  Ironworks  Co.,  the  work  of  laying 
the  latter  being  carried  out  by  the  electricity  department. 


MISTAKES    IN    TENDERS. 


WeSTINGHOUSE  OlL-BBEAK    SwlTCHGEAB. 

from  which  will  ultimately  exceed  1,000  K^^.,  and  arrange- 
ments are  now  well  in  hand  for  further  extensions  to  supply 
another  1,000  kw.  demanded  by  several  engineering  con- 
cerns. 

The  extensions  carried  out  have  been  designed,  and  the 
installation  of  the  plant  carrier?  out  to  the  specification  and 
under  the  supervision  of  the  borough  electrical  engineer 
(Mr.  r.  "Wheelwright),  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  these 


SOO  KW.   ROTAKV  COSVEIITKR   J^LANT   AT   BLACKBDBN 

notes.  The  new  plant  completes  the  equipment  of  the 
present  generating  station,  as  the  limit  of  the  supply  of 
water  for  condensing  purposes  has  been  reached,  and  in  the 
very  near  future  another  generating  station  will  have  to  be 
built  where  coal  can  Ix"  delivered  liv  mil  m-  canal,  and  better 
provision  for  water  is  possible. 


[KiioM  (UK  i,e(;ai,  contiuhutok.] 

WhkNx preparing  the  tender  for  the  cjirrying-out  of  a  large 
contract,  it  is  by  no  means  diflicult  for  the  engineer  to  make 
a  mistake  in  bis  figures.  He  often  has  to  work  against  time, 
and  he  is  bound  to  entrust  some  of  the  detail  work  to  sub- 
omlyiates.  Finally,  he  may  have  l^cn  misled  as  to  the  prices 
at  which  he  can  obtain  materials. 

If  a  mistake  is  made,  and  the  tender  is  accepted,  has  the 
contractor  any  remedy  ?  (^f  course,  if  the  offer  has  not 
been  accepted,  he  may  withdraw  it  ;  so  if  he  made  a  tender 
by  post  overnight  and  discovered  an  error  in  the  morning, 
he  might  withdraw  the  offer  by  a  second  letter.  In  such  a 
I'ase,  the  withdrawal  would  be  good,  unless  a  letter  of  acce])t- 
ance  had  been  written  and  posted  before  the  letter  of  with- 
drawal was  received. 

As  mistakes  are  not  usually  discovered  until  a  much  later 
stage,  it  becomes  necessary  to  consider  in  what  circumstances 
they  can  be  put  right. 

It  is  clear  law  that  if  a  mistake  is  unilateral,  that  is  to  say, 
a  mistake  made  by  the  party  tendering,  and  not  known  to 
the  person  who  invited  the  tender,  the  contractor  cannot 
escape  liability. 

I'or  instance,  in  a  Scotch  case  heard  not  long  since  the 
defender  offered  to  execute  work  fot  the  pursuers  for  the 
lump  sum  of  £851t.  His  offer  was  accepted.  He  afterwards 
found  that  owing  to  an  error  in  calculation  made  by  his  son, 
the  offer  was  £82C  less  than  it  should  have  been.  In  an 
action  for  damages  for  breach  of  contract,  the  defender 
having  contended  that  this  mistake  released  him  from  his 
contract,  the  Court  held  that  he  was  not  released — the  juis- 
take  having  arisen  through  no  fault  of  the  pursuers — and 
that  the  pursuers  were  entitled  to  damages. 

In  another  case,  a  tender  for  the  supply  of  granite  to  the 
plaintiffs  contained  the  words,  "  weather  and  other  circum- 
stances jjermitting."  These  words  were 
struck  out  by  the  plaintiff's  clerk,  and  the 
defendant  was  informed  of  the  fact.  \o 
reply  having  been  received  from  him  for 
several  days,  the  contract  was  sealed. 
Delays  having  occurred  owing  to  bad 
weather,  the  plaintiffs  sued  for  breach  of 
contract.  It  was  held  that  they  were 
entitled  to  recover. 

In  another  case  (Johnson  /•.  Islington 
Union,  l!)Oi),  73,  J. P.  172)  the  facts  were 
as  follows.  The  plaintiff'  saw  an  ad\er** 
tisement  in  a  newspaper,  inviting  tenders 
for  the  supply  of  certain  goods  recjuircd 
by  a  Board  of  Guardians.  He  tendered 
on  a  printed  form  supplied  by  the 
Guardians  for  the  supply  of  a  certain 
disinfectant  manufactured  by  him.  The 
tender  was  accompanied  by  a  sample  of 
the  disinfectant  labelled  "  Anite,"  which 
was  delivered  to  an  official  of  the 
defendants.  On  the  printed  tender  the 
defendants  had  asked  for  a  tender  for 
"  Heydozone,"  and  the  plaintiff  omitted 
to  alter  the  word  "Heydozone"  into 
the  word  "  An'te  "  on  the  tender,  so  as  to  make  the  tender 
agree  with  the  label  on  the  sample  delivered.  The  defendants 
accepted  the  tender  of  the  plaintiff  for  the  supply  of 
"  Heydozone."  It  was  held  on  the  facts  that  the  i)laintiff 
had  failed  to  show  that  the  minds  of  the  two  contracting 
parties  were   not  aJ  ifhm,  or  that  the  defendants  had  misled 


Vol.72.  No.i,83.i.  jANOAUYin,  19I.S.]    THIffi    ELECTBIOAL    REVIEW. 


166 


liiiii  in  any  way,  ami  tluiL  coim('i|iii'iitly  Llio  coiitnict  \v:is 
liiiidiiiL,'  ii])i)ii  him. 

Wliere,  Iiovvt^ver,  tljoro  is  u  inistiikc  in  a  Lcndiir  wliicli 
beiiifj  the  niHnit  of  a  nintiial  error  has  tlio  ciTect  U>  [irovent 
the  oontrai't  carryinj^  ont  tlie  reiJ  intention  of  tlie  parties, 
the  court  will  intervene;  to  rectify  the  contract.  For 
instance, -in  Neill  /'.  Midland  Railway,  17  W.R.  H71,  a 
railway  eonipany  advei'tised  for  tenders,  and  i.ssued  a  form 
of  tender  and  scliedule  of  i|iiiuitities.  TIk;  builder  sijjned  a 
(X)ntraet  in  Isdd  to  exiicut^  the  works  rccjuircid  at  the  jiriccs 
set  forth  in  his  tender  and  schedule  of  ((uantities.  The 
specification  for  the  erection  of  tlu;  huildinj^  was  annexed  to 
tills  (U)ntracl.  The  buiWPr  made  mistakes  in  filJini^  up  the 
8ehedul(\  In  18(!8  he  discovered  them,  and  tiled  a  bill  in 
equity  to  have  them  rectified,  allefijinjj  knowledj^e  of  the 
mistake  by  the  defendants'  enjjinccr,  anil  he  obtained 
recti  lieation. 

In  Collin  r.  Dublin  ('ounty  Council  (l'.)OK)  Ir.  II.  50:i, 
the  plaintitTs,  the  building  contractors,  tendered  to  the 
defendants  for  the  building  of  an  asylum.  'J'he  defendants, 
deeming  the  cost  too  high,  directed  their  (juantity  surveyors 
to  prepare  bills  of  reductions,  showing  reduced  works  and 
reduced  prices.  Owing  to  a  reference  letter  being  displaced, 
_there  was  a  error  in  the  total  cost  as  appearing  fi'ou)  the  bills 
of  reductions,  the  total  sum  being  put  at  t:8;5()  less  than  the 
correct  figure.  The  plaintiffs,  in  the  mistaken  belief  that 
the  aggregate  cost  of  the  reduced  works  was  as  stated  in  the 
reduced  bills  of  quantities,  tendered  for  one  bulk  sum  and 
their  tender  was  accepted  by  the  defendants,  and  the  works 
completed.  It  was  held,  in  an  action  for  rectification,  that 
the  mistake  could  be  rectified  to  carry  out  the  real  intention 
of  the  parties. 

These  few  cases  serve  to  illustrate  the  necessity  for  taking 
the  utmost  care  in  getting  out  the  figures  on  which  to  base 
a  tender.  Of  course,  a  mistake  may  sometimes  occur  to 
the  benefit  of  the  contractor  ;  but  this  is  unlikely,  for  the 
person  inviting  tenders  is  able  to  check  the  figures  of  the 
successful  tenderer  witli  those  of  the  other  contractors  who 
have  made  quotations. 

Another  point  to  which  attention  should  be  directed  in 
preparing  the  figures  for  the  final  tender  is  the  valuation  of 
"  prime  cost "  and  "  provisional  items."  A  prime  cost  item 
is  one  upon  which,  on  the  face  of  it,  the  contractor  is  not 
to  make  any  profit.  A  provisional  item  is  one  which  may 
at  any  moment  be  wiohdrawn  from  the  control  of  the  con- 
tractor altogether.  So  far  as  prime  cost  items  are  concerned, 
it  may  be  that  the  contractor  will  find  it  possible  to  add 
something  to  his  total  in  order  to  enable  him  to  make  a 
profit. 

With  regard  to  extras  and  omission,  it  is  prudent  to  have 
words  inserted  in  the  contract  which  will  i  prevent  the 
employer  from  withdrawing  from  the  contractor  more  than 
a  certain  percentage  of  the  whole  work.  Thus,  he  may  be 
invited  to  omit  the  most  valuable  part  of  the  whole  work, 
and  make  what  profit  he  can  on  the  rest. 


Hydro-electric  Scheme  for  Ncm  Vork  State,  U.S.A. — 

In  the  Electrical  World  for  January  4th  particulars  are  piven  of  an 
important  scheme  for  the  utilisation  of  the  natural  resources  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  based  on  an  article  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Perkins  in  the 
Enijineerinq  Maf/a:iiie.  At  present  the  power  plants  of  the  State 
aerffreerate  four  million  h.p.,  of  which  2,200,000  is  developed  in 
electricity  works,  1,200,000  in  private  steam  power  plantp,  and 
700,000  from  water  power  for  manufacturing  industries.  At  the 
present  rate  of  grrowth  the  power  required  will  increase  to  five 
million  H.P.  in  1915,  and  over  seven  millions  in  1920.  Of  the  steam 
plants,  2i  million  H.p.  could  be  replaced  by  water  power,  and  at  an 
estimated  diversity  factor  of  50  per  cent,  the  latter  aeed  only  be  of 
li  million  h.p.  The  proposed  high-pressure  distribution  system 
would  be  connected  with  nine  hydro-electric  stations,  ageregating 
1,669,000  H.P.,  with  steam  auxiliary  plant  of  809,000  H.P..  and  a 
peak  load  rating  of  2,15S,000  h.p. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  scheme  will  halve  the  cost  of  houfe 
lighting  and  of  motive  power,  saving  $15,000,000  annually  to 
electric  consumers  in  10  of  the  principal  cities,  and  conserving 
20  million  tons  of  coal  per  annum.  The  similar  scheme  in  operation 
in  Ontario  serves  :>()  cities  with  300  miles  of  high-pressure  lines, 
and  has  halved  the  cost  of  electricity  ;  99  per  cent,  of  the  houses 
in -Ottawa  are  electrically  lighted,  compared  with  one  in  35  in  New 
York  City.  The  rate  tor  continuous  power  supply  in  Ottawa  is 
$22"."-0  per  H.P.  per  annum,  and  in  Toronto  the  city  pays  S18'50  and 
sells  at  S2S  per  H.P.  per  annum  for  10  hours  daily.  Nearly  all  the 
private  supply  companies  in  Ontario  are  said  to  have  profited  by 
the  competition  and  to  have  enlarged  their  business. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

L'tttirt  TKcnrfd  by  u*  aftirr  h  P.M.  OW  Tuehdat  cannot  appear  vntxl 
thu  follouring  wtmk.  dirrrntvimdifiUl  iluruld  fi>ru>ard  th^ir  ctrmmuni- 
oationi  at  tk«  earlieit  puitioU  vionumt.  No  Uttfr  ran  i*  jmhlnhrd 
unlet!  tiwi  hare  the  writer'i  name  and  addreti  in  our  j/nsteMnon. 


V.artMnt;  the  Neutral. 

Since  Mr.  Kenelm  Kdgcunilje'H  letter  in  your  iiwtic  of  the 
lOtli  inst.,  I  have  confirmed  the  experimental  testa  taken  in 
tiie  laboratory  and  enclose  yon  diagram  S.l).  4  tc. 

ft  will  be  observed  from  these  readings  that  the  neutral 
point  is  anchored,  or  very  nearly  so.  The  ammeters  used  on 
these  tests  are  commercial  instruments,  and  the  n-adingB  arc 
correct  within  a  small  percentage. 

Trans.  ;V50  k.v.a.  Ratio  205  to  11.200.    Dei.ta-Co.nnkctbd  on 
K.M.T.  Smr.  .^ND  Stak  O.N  i,  t.  Sioe  A8  Snow.v  in  Sketch. 


CuRUENT  Headings. 

12         3  4       F 

U     1475    13-5    1375    0 
10    315        39         19      54 


OC  RESISTANCE 

PuEssnBE  Readinu.-^. 
1&2     1&3    2&3    l&E    2&E    3\;K 
382       384      386      219       222       224 
380       374      371     216o    213-5     213 


The  reading  of  .")4  amps,  is  the  maximum  that  can  con- 
tinuously flow  through  the  earthing  transformer,  wliich  is 
sufficient  to  operate  the  patent  earthing  device  controlling 
the  trip  coils  on  the  automatic  oil-break  switches. 

An  earth  developed  on  the  k.h.t.  system  on  two  recent 
occasions,  and  in  each  case  the  fault  was  isolated,  proving 
that  the  arrangement  is  satisfactory, 

S.  E.  Fedden. 

Electric  Supply  Department,  Sheffield, 
Jammrij  2'Srd,  191;^. 


Testing  the  Continuity  of  Earth  Conductors. 

In  the  Home  Office  Rules  Relating  to  the  Use  of  Elec- 
tricity in  Mines,  Rule  s  on  earthing  says,  "  Where  cables 
are  provided  with  metallic  coverings,  such  metallic  coverings 
maybe  used  as  a  means  of  connection  to  the  earthing  system. 
All  conductors  of  an  earthing  system  shall  have  a  con- 
ductivity at  all  parts  and  at  all  joints  at  least  equal  to 
50  per  cent,  of  that  of  the  largest  conductor  used  solely  for 
the  supply  of  apparatus  a  part  of  which  it  is  desired  to  earth  "  ; 
and  Rule  14  (c),  "  That  the  electrician  shall  be  responsible 
for  the  fulfilment  of  the  following  duties  :  (1)  The  testing 
of  earthing  conductors  and  metallic  coverings  for 
continuity." 

Up  the  present  time  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any 
practical  and  ready  method  of  testing  the  continuity  of 
earth  conductors,  and  should  be  pleased  to  know  if  any 
other  colliery  electrician  has  met  with  the  same  difficulty,  or 
has  any  suggest'on  to  make  as  to  a  convenient  method  of 
fulfilling  the  requirements  of  the  Act. 

Continuity. 


The  Chances  in  England. 

In  going  over  the  advertisements  in  the  Electrical 
Review  of  a  recent  issue,  I  was  afforded  considerable  amuse- 
ment by  two  plums  offered  to  those  out  of  a  job,  or  desirous 
of  improving  their  knowledge  and  finances. 

I  refer  to  the  mechanical  engineer  required  by  the  City 
of  Bradford,  and  the  resident  electrical  engineer  required  by 
the  Borough  of  Todmorden.  Those  who  inserted  the 
advertisements  offer  the  pay  of  a  common  labourer— a 
labourer  is  worth  that,  anyway,  if  lie  is  a  good  one.  A 
first-class  Tioard  of  Trade  certificate  is  worth  ,£:^>  per  week  in 
England,  and,  in  addition,  experience  with  steam  turbines  is 
necessary  to  land  the  job.     Fine  1 

In  the  other  case,  for  a  trifle  less  money,  the  lucky  man  is 
expected  to  be  a  fully,  qualified  electrical  engineer,  and. 
presumably,   familiar  with  destructor  plants.      He  stays  at 


166 


THE     ELECTKICAL     EEVIEW.       [Vol.72.    No.  l.S.Sfi,  January  31, 1913. 


the  pleasure  of  the  Council — an  excellent  way  to  put  it — and 
must  devote  his  whole  time  to  the  service  of  the  Corpora- 
tion.    What  a  great  opportunity  for  someone  I 

(ioodness  :  what  prospects  there  are  in  my  native  land  to 
entice  a  man  back  home  .' 

I  often  wonder  why  some  of  tlie  jrood  men  in  England 
stand  for  such  treatment.  I  almost  believe  the  mechanical 
engineer  who  was  "  lucky  "  enough  to  secure  that  Bradford 
appointment  would  do  his  fellow  engineers  a  good  service  if 
he  wrecked  the  whole  plant. 

English. 

Newark.  X.J.,  U.S.A. 


Tariffs  for  Electricity  Supply. 

Those  of  your  readers  who  are  concerned  with  the  manu- 
facture and  sale  of  electrical  heating  and  cooking  apparatus 
will  be  interested  to  hear  of  an  alteration  in  our  tariff  that 
came  into  force  with  the  new  year.  To  cater  for  the 
heating  and  cooking  business,  we  now  offer  the  following 
alternatives  : — 

1.  Domestic  Supplies  for  All  Purposes. — A  fixed  charge 
jier  quarter  of  Hd.  in  the  £  of  the  rateable  value  of  the 
premises,  plus  a  running  charge  per  "  kelvin  "  of  1\([.  in 
winter  and  Id.  in  summer. 

•2.  Heating  and  Cooking,  if  Separately  Metered. — A  flat 
nice  per  "  kelvin  "  supplied  of  lid.  in  winter  and  Id.  in 
summer. 

Applications  from  lighting  consumers  are  coming  in 
freely  for  transfer  to  the  assessment  tariff,  and  there  is  a 
brisk  inquiry  for  auxiliary  domestic  apparatus. 

AVith  regard  to  such  goods,  will  manufacturers  bear  with 
me  if  I  insist  on  the  importance  of  two  details  : — 

{(i)  The  heating  element  must  be  replaceable  easily,  and 
at  small  cost. 

(/>)  The  connector  and  flexible  cord  must  be  able  to  with- 
stand kitchen  handling. 

Item  (f/)  has  been  successfully  provided  for  in  some  utensils, 
but  the  problem  involved  in  item  (It)  has  not,  so  far  as  I  am 
aware,  been  solved,  except  at  a  cost  comparai)le  with  the 
price  of  the  main  article. 

The  Harrow  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltdr 

B.  HoRSLEY,  Engineer  and  Manager, 
Harrow,  .January  11  th,  1018. 


The  I.E.E.  Discussions. 


Although  the  above  is  not  a  new  topic  by  any  means, 
I  should  like,  once  again,  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  at 
many  of  the  meetings  proper  scope  is  not  allowed  for  dis- 
cussion, and  that  the  Institution  cannot  fail  to  be  a  loser 
through  this. 

I  take  it  as  granted  that  the  main  object  of  the  Institution 
meetings  is  to  allow  those  well  qualified  to  discuss  papers 
contributed  to  do  so  before  an  audience  of  members 
sufficiently  interested  in  the  subject  matter  of  the  paper  to 
come  and  hear  it  discussed.  The  reading  of  the  pajjer  by  the 
author  is  quite  secondary  in  importance  ;  he  merely  reads 
an  abstract,  probably  indicating  what  he  considers  the  most 
important  parts.  This  being  so,  is  it  a  reasonable  thing  to 
apply  the  closure  to  a  discussion  at  !).25  p.m.,  as  w-as  done 
at  the  meeting  on  Thursday  evening,  the  28rd  inst.  ?  In 
this  instance  the  chairman,  immediately  he  had  called  on  all 
those  who  had  sent  in  their  names  beforehand  as  wishing  to 
take  part  in  the  discussion,  said  he  had  several  written  com- 
munications which  he  would  not  read,  but  would  now  call  on 
the  author  to  reply,  which  he  did. 

Now  I,  for  one,  wished  particularly  to  take  part  in  this 
discussion,  and,  by  the  foregoing  procedure,  was  absolutely 
debarred  from  doing  so.  It  is  small  consolation  that  I  can 
send  in  a  written  communication  ;  that  is  all  very  well  in 
its  way,  but  one  can  bring  home  one's  arguments  by  speech 
in  a  way  in  which  they  cannot  be  brought  home  in  cold 
print,  and  bring  more  of  them. 

If  a  reasonable  time  is  not  allowed  at  the  meetings  for 
open  discussion,  and  if  we  are  to  be  satisfied  by  sending  in  a 
written  contribution,  what  is  the  use  of  the  meetings  ?  I 
submit  that  to  stop  the  discussion  of  an  important  paper  at 


such  an  hour  as  9.25  p.m.  is  unreasonable.  I  wonder  how 
many  members  would  consider  they  had  had  value  for  their 
money  if  they  went  to  a  theatre  and  found  the  entertainment 
winding  up  at  9.2,')  p.m.  instead  of,  say,  11.25  p.m.? — not 
that  I  am  advocating  the,^ xtension  of  Institution  discussions 
to  the  latter  hour.  The  whole  proceedings  on  Thursday 
evening  were  over  at  9.40  p.m.  ;  for  members  of  a  learned 
Institution  we  seem  to  be  very  easily  satisfied  indeed  with 
discussion. 

I  need  not  enumerate  the  causes  which  sometimes  prevent 
a  member  from  sending  in  his  name  teforehand,  but  I  may 
point  out  that,  in  the  discussion  by  those  who  have  sent  in 
their  names,  openings  are  sometimes  given  to  other  members 
who  could  utilise  those  openings  for  the  profit  of  those 
members  and  the  meeting  generally,  and  I  do  think  that  it 
should  be  made  a  rule  that,  provided  the  members  who  have 
intimated  their  desire  to  the  secretary  to  take  part  in  the 
discussion,  have  finished  at  a  reasonable  hour,  the  chairman 
should  invite  further  contributions  to  the  discussion  from  the 
audience.  An  hour  is  a  totally  inadequate  time  to  allow  for 
the  discussion  of  a  paper  of  the  interest  and  scope  of  Mr. 
Whysall's. 

Battery. 

London,  January  2~tli,  1913. 


The  Association  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers. 

As  a  central-station  man  myself,  I  must  confess  my  sur- 
prise at  finding  a  confrere  who  does  not  religiously  per- 
use the  "  Situations  Vacant "  columns  of  the  Review 
weekly.  Nevertheless,  in  reply  to  "  Central  Station 
Engineer "  and  any  others  who  may  have  overlooked  the 
advertisements  at  the  end  of  the  above-mentioned  column  for 
the  past  few  weeks,  the  Hon.  Secre^ry  of  the  Association 
is  : — 

Mr.  W.  J.  Ebben, 

7,  Vernon  Koad, 

Stratford,  E., 

to  whom  all  requests  for  application  forms,  provisional 
rules,  &c.,  should  be  sent.  Also,  in  case  the  advertisement 
in  last  week's  issue  has  also  been  overlooked  by  anyone 
desirous  of  attending  the  general  meeting  on  Thursday  next, 
February  Oth,  it  is  to  be  held  at  the  office  of  Harmer 
Rooke  &  Co.,  C9,  Fleet  Street,  E.C.,  at  7  p.m.    ' 

We  hope  to  see  a  very  much  larger  attendance  this  time 
than  on  the  10th  inst.,  and  it  would  be  as  well  that  any 
items  that  anyone  desires  to  put  on  the  agenda  should  be 
forwarded  to  the  Hon.  Secretary  without  delay.  Prospective 
members  in  the  provinces  should  especially  take  note  of  this, 
and  they  have  my  assurance  that  all  such  suggestions,  &c., 
will  have  full  and  fair  discussion. 

As  to  the  grades  to  be  included  in  the  membership  of  the 
A.E.S.E.,  it  would  seem  that  those  mentioned  in  the  follow- 
ing list  would  about  cover  the  various  positions,  in  whose 
interests  the  Association  has  l)een  formed,  viz.  : — 


Station  superintendent. 
Mains  superintendent. 
Engineers-in-charge. 
Sub-station  assistants. 
Mains  assistants. 


Repairs  and  construction 

engineers. 
Boiler  house  engineers. 
Switchboard  attendants. 
Meter-room  assistants. 
Draughtsmen. 
Outside  Traction  Assistants. 

As  regards  those  in  charge  of  works  or  private  plants,  it 
would  greatly  depend  upon  the  particular  qualifications  of 
the  applicant,  as  these  gentlemen  range  from  highly-trained 
engineers  down  to  gardeners,  stable  hands,  &c.,  so  that  it 
will  be  necessary  for  the  permanent  Committee  (when 
elected)  to  decide  each  individual  case  upon  its  own  merits. 

As  reference  to  the  report  of  our  meeting  in  last  week's 
Review  will  show,  the  A.E.S.E.  will  provide  also  for  a 
social  and  recreative  side,  for  at  present  this  has  offered  the 
only  solution  of  the  difficulty  in  getting  members  to  become 
ac(|uainted  with  each  other,  so  as  to  render  it  possible  for 
an  ojK-n  election  of  officere  to  be  made. 

Before  I  conclude,  I  notice  that  "  Unity  is  Strength  "  is 
imder  a  slight  misapprehension  as  to  the  failure  of  a  previous 
attempt  to  form  a  similar  association.  This  was  engineered 
by  an  individual  (not  a  station  man)  who  had  a  very  real 
interest  in  largely  adding  to  the  membership  of  a  society  whose 


Vol.72.   No.  1,83.;,  januauy:ji,  i9i:t.j     TITK    KTiKCTRTCAIi    IIKVIKW. 


167 


ibjectscortaiiily  did  not,  in  the  HlijjlitcHt  d<'<,'rcc  coincide  witli 
inr  own,  under  the  hazy  HUgKCsLion  LliaL  Hhould  we  care  to 
•econio  members  of  the  Buid  Hociety  (annuid  sub.  two 
;uineaH,  I  believe)  they  might  he  disposed  to  consider  the 
advisability  of  chiimpioning  our  cause,  but  no  promise  or 
indcrtuking  to  do  so  was  jfiven. 

We  want  everyone  who  is  interested  in  the  A.E.S.E.  to 
urn  up  on  Thursday  next  week,  when  it  is  hoped  that  a 
jreat  deal  of  good  solid  business  will  be  got  through. 

Finally,  I  should  like  to  remark  that  the  unanimity  of 
he  first  mei'ting  was  very  encouraging  indeed,  and  augurs 
veil  for  the  sncces-sful  future  of  the  A.l'j.S.H. 

Clins.  F.  Wade, 

Aciiiiy  hull,  c/iairmtiii, 

London,  X.,  Jinniarij  '21  Ih,  r.)13. 


Having  become  interested  in  the  correspondence  re  the 
ibove,  1  should  like  to  endorse  the  remarks  made  in  tlie 
etter  signed  "  Unity  is  Strength  "  rr  "  the  inclusion  of  all 
grades  who  are  connected  with  tlie  running  and  maintenance 
^f  electrical  plant." 

1  am  at  present  responsible  to  the  directors  of  a  large 
manufacturing  concern  for  the  ellicient  working  of  a  large 
plant  amounting  to  several  thousand  ii.i'.,  and  comprising 
jteam.  gas  and  electrical  machinery,  including  intricate  plant 
for  special  manufacturing  pur])oses,  also  for  the  compilation 
of  statistics  of  power  and  costs,  itc,  all  requiring  skilled 
iittention  ;  if,  tberefoi-e,  the  Association  of  Electrical  Station 
Engineers  is  going  to  include  men  of  my  status  in  its 
ranks,  I  will  gladlv  give  it  my  support. 

Unit. 


Village  Lighting'. 

I  am  thoroughly  surprised  at  the  supercilious  and  self- 
satisfied  tone  pervading  "  Willesden's "  letter  in  your  last 
issue.  It,  at  all  events,  does  not  give  one  the  impression  of 
a  desire  to  get  at  the  real  facts.  If  "  AVillesden  "  throws 
doubt  on  Mr.  Wardale's  "  second-hand "  information,  he 
may  possibly  accept  my  statements,  which  are  first-hand, 
though  I  have  my  doubts,  from  his  attitude.  Still,  your 
readers  can  form  their  own  opinion. 

In  my  own  case,  the  population  is  less  than  1,000,  and 
the  plant  capacity  less  even  than  10  kw.  All  the  available 
customers  in  the  village  are  not  yet  secured,  although  I  am 
st«adily  and  surely  approaching  this  condition  of  things.  I 
have  connected  premises  ranging  from  a  little  sweet  shop  with 
three  lights  and  Id.  slot  meter  to  a  brewery  with  72  lights,  and 
both  pay  a  flat  rate  of  8d.  a  unit.  What  is  significant  is  that 
when  people  who  had  electric  light  have  moved  into  other 
houses  in  the  village  without  it,  they  have  invariably  asked 
us  to  wire  the  new  house.  I  think  this  will  fairly  prove 
that  8d.  per  unit  is  not  considered  too  much  by  our 
customers. 

Now  as  to  remuneration.  When  I  wrote  in  October  last 
(Elkc.  Rev.,  Vol.  71,  p.  G4r.)  we  had  500  lights  ;  now 
we  have  5r)7.  AVith  500  lights  the  output  per  annum  was 
5,000  units  approximately.  This,  at  od.  per  unit,  brought 
me  £()2.  My  actual  running  time  for  the  year  was  1,312 
hours,  less  than  3|  per  day  ;  but  we  may  say  ■i\  to  allow 
for  time  making  small  adjustments  and  repairs.  So  I  had 
the  greater  part  of  the  day  for  other  work.  House  wiring 
in  11)12  brought  me,  as  payment  for  labour,  £21  ;  work  on 
mains  and  services  about  £t;.  That  is  £80  so  far.  Total 
time  on  house  wiring  and  services,  &c.,  was  540  hours— call 
it  an  average  of  H  hours  per  day.  So  that  my  total  time 
working  for  the  village  lighting  syndicate  was  5|  hours  per 
day,  and  pay,  t'lS'.)  for  the  year. 

In  addition  to  this  I  put  in  three  counti'y  house  installa- 
tions of  from  25  to  45  lights.  As  two  of  these  were 
30  miles  from  home,  I  put  a  wireman  on  the  interior  wiring, 
and  went  over  and  installed  the  dynamo,  battery  and  switch- 
board myself.  Average  profit  on  each,  after  paying  wire- 
man,  practically  £20,  making  another  £00.  Each  of  these 
jobs  took  about  a  month  over  all,  start  to  finish.  Total 
earnings  so  far,  £149. 
I  I  regret  I  have  not  a  complete  record  of  my  earnings 
from  other  sources,  such  as  visits  to  obstinate  oil  engines  on 


farms,    0(<iiHiciniil    fccH    for    examining    and    reporting    on 
»econd-haiid  machinery,  Ac. 

Hut  the  above  will  perhupB  give  a  fair  idea  of  what  may 
be  expected  from  a  sinall  installution.  Of  courHP,  in  I'.M:; 
the  output  will  be  much  more  than  5,000  unitH,  and  tlif  pay 
accordingly  ;  from  |)r(H(!nt  prowpects  I  fchould  Kay  at  Icaht 
(;,0()(),  making  about  £75  for  running  plant.  And  I 
anticipate  that  the  running  hours  will  little  excted  the  :'>\ 
hours  ])er  day  mentioned,  if  at  all,  as  during  \'.)\1  I  liave 
run  a  good  deal  of  the  time  on  part  load,  the  maximum  loa<l 
never  liaving  reached  the  output  of  the  dynamo  alone,  to  Bay 
nothing  of  drawing  from  the  storage  battery  while  the  engine 
was  running.  I  have  gone  into  tlie  earnings  of  the  man  in 
charge  at  sonu;  length.  "  Willesden  "  can  form  his  own 
opinion  of  the  jjosition  compared  to  the  aseistant  engineer's 
post  mentioned.  Frankly,  I  don't  know  which  is  the  Itetter. 
But  these  figures  are  absolutely  (-orrect  in  an  actual  <'a6e  of 
a  smaller  plant  than  his  10-kw.  example. 

I  have  given  the  customer's  view  and  my  own  position. 
Now  for  the  owners  of  the  plant.  This  plant  did  not  cost 
£500.  After  paying  for  fuel,  oil,  rent,  wages  and  repairs, 
this  particular  installation  had  a  surplus  for  the  last  financial 
year  of  l(i  per  cent,  on  the  capital.  I  rather  think  we  could 
put  a  fair  amount  into  the  sinking  fund  out  of  that,  and 
still  have  a  fair  dividend.  As  we  shall  in  the  present  year 
sell  a  deal  more  current,  adding  only  to  mains  and  services, 
and  not  to  generating  plant,  a  higher  gross  profit  is  inevitable, 
apart  from  a  serious  accident.  If  "  Willesden  "  thinks  we 
have  a  jerry  plant  for  our  outlay,  I  can  only  point  out  that 
we  arc  in  our  fourth  year,  and  have  never  had  a  singh- 
interruption  of  supply.  We  shall  probably  reduce  the  price 
later  on,  but  only  to-day  a  customer  told  me  that  he  had 
tested  a  10-c.i'.  lamp  with  his  penny  slot-meter  and  got 
1 1  hours'  light  for  his  penny.     ITe  wasn't  grumbling. 

The  above  are  first-hand  facts,  proof  of  which  I  will  lay 
before  "Willesden"  if  he  wants  it.  Your  readers  must 
form  their  own  opinions  on  "  Willesden's  "  airy  generalities, 
and  on  the  figures  obtained  in  actual  working. 

"  AVillesden "  mentions  a  plant  of  10  kw. — maximum 
capacity,  I  suppose.  From  observations  at  my  own  switch- 
board, a  maximum  load  of  10  kw.  would  mean,  in  a  village 
of  this  type,  an  annual  output  of  12,000  units.  I  should  put 
the  cost  of  plant  at  £700.  Running  expenses — fuel,  oil, 
water — Hd.  per  unit  (it  costs  us  less).  Repairs  |d.  per  unit. 
Wages  of  attendant,  say,  2d.  per  unit,  giving  him  practi- 
cally £2  per  week  for  less  than  half  of  the  day.  Rent,  in  a 
country  village,  practically  negligible.  Total  running  costs, 
3|d.  per  unit.  The  above  are  obviously  rough  figures,  but  are 
reasonably  near  for  present  purposes.  Put  the  selling  price  at 
7d.  Then  the  gross  profit,  1 2,000  units  at  'd\di.,  is  £  1 62  odd. 
Let  "  Willesden  "  descend  to  figures,  and  show  where  the 
miscalculations  are.  If  people  can  pay  5s.  6d.  and  (Js.  sd. 
per  thousand  for  gas,  as  they  do  in  small  towns  in  the 
country,  these  being  actual  figures  for  towns  not  far  from 
here,  they  will  pay  7d.  a  unit  for  electricity.  I  had  been  dis- 
cussing the  question  of  village  lighting,  before  I  launched 
into  it,  with  electrical  engineers  of  fair  standing,  and  in 
many  cases  they  were  politely  sceptical,  and  in  others  almost 
as  bad  as  "Willesden."  They  would  probably  have  put  in 
the  three-wire  system,  underground  mains,  and  elaborate 
balancers,  boosters  and  duplicate  plant.  Then  before  long 
someone  else  would  have  put  in  the  bailiffs. 

Little  Man. 


The  Case  of  the  Sub-Man. 

If  "  Motor-Generator  "  will  only  accept  advice  and  in 
formation  from  his  equals  or  superiors,  if  he  has  any  in  hi? 
own  mind,  he  will  lose  sight  of  one  of  the  most  useful 
sources  of  information  it  is  possible  to  find — the  practical 
workman  ;  call  him  tradesman  or  what  you  like.  If  his 
experience  has  been  anything  like  mine,  he  will  have  found 
that  equals  and  superiors  are  more  often  than  not  unable  to 
give  him  any  useful  information,  and  those  that  are  able 
are  more  often  than  not  "  too  busy  "  or  openly  unwilling. 
"  If  I  tell  you,  you'll  know  as  much  as  I  do  "  appears  to  be 
their  motto. 

But  I  have  always  found  the  men  to  whom  "  Motor- 
Generator  "  refers  as  tradesmen,  willing  to  give  of  their  best 
qoth  in  time  and  trouble  to   explain    anything  they  can 


168 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [Voi.  72.  no.  1, 836,  jantjabt:!i,  1913. 


Xot  so  with  tlie   shiftman,  however  ;    quite  the  contrary, 
fxcept  in  a  few  isolated  cases. 

I  had  the  wliole  jramut  of  actions  in  a  engine  room  full 
of  «-ngines  and  turbines  explained  to  me  by  a  driver,  who 
never  even  called  me  "  I5ill '"  :  he  didn't  calf  me  anything. 
When  he  wanted  to  explain  a  particular  thing  he  canght  hold 
"f  my  arm,  and,  so  to  speak,  put  my  nose  right  on  the  thing 
under  discussion.  But  I  owe  that  man  a  debt  wliich  in- 
rreases  rather  than  diminishes  a^s  time  goes  on. 

With  Mr.  Sullivan's  idea  of  examinations  1  most 
thoroughly  agree  :  it  is,  to  my  mind,  the  only  way  to  remedy 
things. 

"  Switchboard's  "  trouble  is  mine  also,  as  he  says,  "  quali- 
fications should  count  for  something,"  and  it  does  not  look 
fair  to  any  man  with  an  impartial  eye  that  "shiftmen," 
who  are  really  "  trained  men,"  not  crammed  men  that 
"  Wireman  "  speaks  of,  but  men  with  good  practical  know- 
ledge and  theory  to  back  it  up,  should  be  paid  an  equivalent 
wage  for  a  r>(!-hour  week,  to  what  men,  such  as  floor  cleaners 
and  under-stokers  are  receiving  for  a  -IS  and  .")(i-hour  week, 
and  very  little  more  than  labourers. 

This  is  what  we  want  to  remedy  ;  not  the  "  iley.  Bill  is 
this  right  ?  "  There  is  not  a  man  in  the  large  power-house 
at  which  I  am  employed  who  is  addressed  as  "  sir,"  from  the 
head  shift  engineer  downwards :  and  few  even  as  '•  llr."  We 
are  all  known  by  nicknames,  and  many  of  us  are  addressed 
by  wiremen.  fitters,  cleaners,  c^c.  by  those. 

Let  us  drop  cavil  and  snobbery — it  is  doing  our  cause 
more  harm  thau  good  ;  also  the  badly  veiled  advertising  of 
Mr.  Potter  :  and  if  our  society  is  formed,  let  us  go  solid  for 
an  examination  for  all  "  shift-men,"  such  as  Mr.  Sullivan 
speaks  of. 

Being  a  "  shift-man  "  no  more  makes  a  roan  a  gentleman 
than  it  ensures  his  fitness  for  the  position  he  holds. 

Balancer. 


It  is  most  interesting  to  read  the  letters  from  sub-men 
and  others.  Ikit  surely  they  are  free  agents,  and  free  men. 
So,  if  they  are  dissatisfied  and  underpaid  according  to  their 
own  valuation  of  their  aliility,  why  not  oifer  it  to  that 
section  of  the  trade  who  require  such  ability,  and  always 
appreciate  quality  and  find  it  remunerative  to  pay  for 
qualified  practical  men  ? 

Looking  at  the  subject  as  an  outsider,  while  sympathising 
with  them,  to  some  extent,  most  of  the  writers  miss  the 
practical  and  most  vital  point,  namely,  the  commercial  value 
of  the  individual  to  the  station  or  firm  by  which  he  is 
employed.  Although  we  as  workers  may  not  like  it,  each  year 
as  it  passes  proves,  most  unmistakably,  that  the  labour  given 
to  the  employer  is  considered  from  a  strictly  commercial 
standpoint,  and  this  principle  will  increase  in  weight  as 
time  advances.  But  when  does  the  everyday  workman  ask 
himself  the  question,  if  he,  commercially,  is  worth  more  to 
Ids  employer  than  he  is  at  present  receiving  ?  Provided  he  is 
satisfied  that  he  is  worth  more,  and  he  fails  to  secure  the 
same  in  the  central  station,  why  not  come  out  of  it,  and 
place  his  ability,  or  "  assumed  ability,"  to  the  test  in  the 
open  market  ?  Then  he  will  soon  feel  his  feet,  and  his 
salary  or  wage  its  commercial  level,  accordingly. 

But  if  he  desires  to  succeed,  he  must  know  his  trade 
"  through  and  through,"  even  "  wiring,"  the  modern  steam 
engine,  boiler,  and  all  the  auxiliaries  which  go  to  make  up 
the  complement  of  a  modern  up-to-date  private  installation, 
and  how  to  manage  and  run  it  economically.  Then  he  will 
have  no  need  even  to  join  a  society  to  bolster  up  a  fictitious 
wage,  which  he  naturally  places  above  the  competitive  value. 
This  experience  will  most  probal)ly  be  to  his  advantage  by 
disabusing  him  of  his  present  inflated  idea  of  his  value. 

The  first  and  second  sections  of  the  letter  signed  by 
"  Unity  is  Strength,"  are  worth  more  than  a  passing  glance. 
Here  we  find  a  contented  electrician,  in  the  sense  that  his 
estimate  of  his  commercial  and  financial  value  is  satisfactory 
to  himself  and  his  employer.  The  particular  cause  of  so 
much  discontent  and  complaint  from  a  certain  class  to-day, 
is  that  workers  put  a  much  higher  value  upon  their  ability, 
relative  to  the  work  they  are  doing  for  the  firm  or  station 
they  are  engaged  by,  consequently  disssitisfaction  and 
disappointment  are  the  result,  and  instead  of  taking  advan- 
tage of  their  opportunity  and  coming  into  the  open  market 


of  competition,  they  seek  out  a  way  to  compel  their  present 
employers  to  pay  them  according  to  their  own  and  their 
advisers'  valuation,  irrespective  of  the  fact,  that  there  must 
be  two  sides  to  this  contract  and  two  contracting  parties, 
whose  interests  are  diametrically  opposite,  except  that  one 
desires  value  for  money,  the  other,  money  for  their  value. 

However,  this  is  the  experience  of  the  writer  and  his 
advice  is  qualify,  and  again  qualify.  Come  out  into  the 
open  market,  do  not  live  financially  above  your  social  status, 
and  all  your  grievances  will  disapjwar,  and  your  interest  in 
yourself,  coupled  with  your  interest  in  your  employer,  will  be 
eminently  satisfactory  and  financially  gratifying  to  both. 

Agreeably  Satisfleif. 


I  read  with  great  interest  the  letters  ra  shiftmen  in  last 
week's  Rkvikw,  and  I  am  sorry  to  say  that  isome  of  the  nasty 
things  said  are  true,  but  as  a  branch  secretary  of  the  Elec- 
trical Trades  Union,  I  must  take  objection  to  a  remark  of 
"  Switchboard's."  He  says,  "  Apparently  the  sole  idea  of 
the  Electrical  Trades  Union  is  to  grind  all  down  to  a 
common  level  of  efficiency,  or  rather  inefliciency."  I  take 
it,  by  his  use  of  the  word  apparently,  he  is  not  quite  sure  of 
what  he  says,  so  if  he  reads  this  letter,  it  might  help  him 
to  see  more  clearly  than  the  word  "  apparently  "  implies. 
The  objects  of  the  E.T.U.  are  as  follows  : — 

To  teach  a  man  that  a  £4  suit  and  veins  flowing  with 
blue  (i.e.,  vulgar  term  for  dirty)  blood,  does  not  earn  wealth. 

To  help  those  inefficient  men  to  become  efficient. 

"J'o  grind  all  wages  below  the  standard  rate  up  to  the 
standard  rate. 

Also  to  be  ready  to  fight  as  a  Trade  Union  when  they  see 
words  or  phrases  such  as  apparently,  as  and  when  required,  &c., 
and  to  append  their  name  to  anything  they  write. 


Liverpool,  Juniifir//  21.'>7,  I'Ji;!. 


E.  S.  Bursleui. 


THE    HOUSEHOLD    BATTERY. 


[communicated.] 


The  household  battery  (by  which  tlie  writer  refers  to  the 
couple  of  primary  cells  ccnnectcd  in  series  which  are  usually 
employed  for  operating  bells  ai.d  indicators  in  private  houses) 
is  individually  a  very  humble  unit  ;  but  yet,  when  viewed  ia_ 
the  light  of  the  enormous  number  used,  and  of  the  fact  thafl 
the  majority  of  people  find  them  indispensable,  their  collect 
tive  importance  becomes  very  great.     Perhaps  one  of  the 
most  common  household  troubles  is  the  failure  of  the  electric 
bells,  and  the  cause  of  such  failure  will  amply  repay  a  little,  j 
investigation. 

It  may  safely  be  said  that,  in  the  majority  of  cases,  the  trouble 
is  due  to  a  defective  condition  of  the  battery  ;  and  it  is  further 
safe  to  say  that  the  defective  condition  is  usually  due  to  the  fact 
that  the  battery  was  put  to  work,  in  the  first  instance,  whilsti 
in  an  improper  condition.  Assuming  that  the  cells  are  of 
the  wet  Ijcclanche  type  (and  this  is  the  only  common  typ* 
of  cell  from  which  prolonged  service  may  be  expected),  the 
mistake  is  commonly  made  of  putting  such  a  quantity  of  sal- 
ammoniac  in  the  jars  that  the  solution  is  not  only  saturated, 
but  there  is  a  large  quantity  of  excess  crystals. 

The  result  of  this  is  that  "  creeping  "  takes  place,  and 
the  terminals  are  attacked  and  the  connections  rendord 
faulty.  It  will  be  found  that  2^  oz.  of  sal-ammoniac  is 
quite  sufficient  to  charge  a  No.  2",  or  quart  size,  battery. 
Another  fruitful  source  of  trouble  is  the  use  of  zincs  which 
have  not  been  thoroughly  amalgamated.  However  commer- 
cially pure  the  zinc  may  be,  there  is  bound  to  be  local 
action  unless  this  point  is  attended  to. 

The  use  of  lead  caps  on  the  carbon  plates  is  a  mistake 
which  is  still  made  by  some  manufacturers,  as  these  areso<^ 
attacked  and  eaten  away.  Carbon-capped  plates  are  peC 
fectly  satisfactory  and  should  alwajs  be  selected.  ' 

If  proper  attention  is  paid  to  these  points,  and  the 
battery  is  set  up  in  a  dry  position,  it  will  last  for  yeart 
with  the  occasional  addition  of  water  to  make  good  the  loss 
by  evaporation. 


"J 


Vol.72.    No.  1,83(.,  January  .(I,  1913.1      THE     FJjECTRTCAL     REVIEW. 


161) 


FROCEEDINQB    OP    INSTITUTION8. 


Trnmwny  Feodlnif  Networkn. 

Tllic  pnpor  on  thiw  Kubjpct  by  Mi:ssr«.  J.  O.  tind  K.  (I.  Ouni.UKIO, 
of  which  ail  aliHtract  waH  (rivon  in  our  ihsiioh  of  .laniiary  '.irA  and 
lOtli,  l'.n:i,  waM  rcu<i  Ixiforc  the  l(lltMiN(illAM  SKf'TloN  or  Till'. 
iNSTi'iTiioN  OK  Kr.KcrnicAi.  Enimnkiohn,  on  Decemhcr  lltli,  I'.M2. 
.Mu.  A.  P.  TlloTTKU  >>aiil  that  Hciontific  expcrtH  had  arirneil  that 
Ix'causo  I  ampero  would  dinnolvc  !:<  lb.  of  iron  in  a  year,  under 
laboratory  conditions,  the  eame  action  would  k"  '">  '"  the  cane  of 
traniwayH.  Tf  this  were  the  case,  the  ciuIh  of  all  the  tramway 
rails  which  wore  positive  to  the  earth,  niUHt  have  corroded,  but  no 
such  corrosion  had  been  observed.  Fortunately  cases  of  elec- 
trolysis in  this  country  were  very  rare.  It  was  (jenerally 
acknowI(H)(;c<l  that  this  was  duo  to  the  Hoard  of  Trade  Ue^fulations, 
and  to  the  carefulness  with  which  they  were  ^'en('rally  observed. 
It  was  jronernlly  recoffnised  amonff  tramway  enijinccvs  that  thece 
l{e(;ulati(iu8  hnil  not  hitherto  impeded  tramway  development,  and 
that  they  had  protected  pipes  from  electrolysis  to  an  extent  which 
was  not  anticipated.  Tlie  rule  that  pipes  must  not  approach 
nearer  than  3  ft.  to  the  rails  was  well  intentioned,  but  excavation 
was  not  made  to  a  depth  of  3  ft.  in  buildinp  a  tramway,  and  the 
owners  of  old  (fas  and  water  pipes  seldom  knew  the  position  of 
them.  'I'he  only  cases  of  electrolysis  that  he  had  known  had  been 
at  a  distance  of  le.=s  than  2  ft.  from  tramway  rails.  Thesupg-estion 
that  poles  should  not  be  bonded  to  the  rails,  either  for  pruard-wire 
earthing,  or  to  avoid  live  poles  where  j^as  lamps  were  fixed  to 
them  was  a  trood  one,  but  it  came  too  late.  It  appeared  that  the 
use  of  bare  copper  negative  feeders  bonded  together,  and  at  many 
placeB  to  the  track,  was  a  serious  obstacle  to  the  use  of  boosters  in 
Chicago,  and  accounted  for  the  proposal  to  increase  the  cumber 
and  size  of  sub-stations  in  that  city.  This  was  evidently  the 
wrong  method,  and  the  copper  was  not  well  leaded  with  current. 
The  authors  recommended  that  each  booster  should  be  excited 
from. the  feeders  serving  the  fame  area,  but  engineers  had  found 
that  it  was  difficult  in  some  cases  to  divide  the  districts  in  that 
manner.  Some  six  years  ago  he  began  to  look  into  the  elemental y 
principles  of  the  design  of  negative  feeders,  and  had  worked  out  a 
number  of  cases. 

Mb.  E.  B.  Weumork  said  that,  in  a  paper  contributed  to  the 
Institution  rrocerdingx  of  1902,  he  produced  some  data  bearing  on 
electrolysis.  The  further  evidence  indicated  that  the  fall  of  potential 
in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  the  track  was  greater  than  he 
estimated.  This  called  for  some  revision  of  his  estimate  of  the 
average  specific  resistance  of  the  earth,  and  the  data  now  indicated 
this  to  be  in  the  reighbourhood  of  .50  ohms  per  yard  cube.  This 
revision  did  not  appreciably  affect  the  considerations  on  electrolytic 
effect  of  the  leakage  current.  He  had  attempted  to  estimate  the 
resistance  of  the  relative  paths  through  the  ground  and  the  pipe. 
The  two  paths  were  from  the  track  through  the  general  body  of  earth 
and  from  the  track  through  the  pipe,  the  latter  path  including  a 
path  through  the  earth  from  the  track  to  the  pipe  and  from  the  pipe 
to  the  track.  His  figures  indicated  that,  in  the  case  of  iron  pipes, 
the  earth  was  practically  a  short-circuit  to  the  pipe,  but,  in  the  case 
of  lead  pipes  or  of  pipes  having  a  low  internal  resistance  through- 
out, the  resistance  of  the  path  through  the  pipe  was  low  enough  to 
require  careful  consideration.  With  a  view  to  bringing  out  the 
important  features,  he  had  made  an  estimate  bearing  on  the  length 
of  life  of  the  pipe  under  average  conditions,  and  had  assumed 
corrosion  taking  place  to  the  depth  of  ^Vith  in.  uniformly  over  the 
surface  of  the  pipe.  His  calculations  applied  to  pipes  lying  parallel 
to  the  track,  and  not  more  than  3  ft.  from  the  rails  over  the 
greater  part  of  their  length.  He  had  taken  an  extreme  case  where 
the  voltage  drop  was  2  volts  per  1,000  ft.  of  rail,  which  was  twice 
the  limit  set  by  the  Chicago  rules.  With  the  voltages  they  were 
discussing,  the  evidence  was  that  the  electrolysis  would  correspond, 
on  the  average,  to  only  5  per  cent,  of  that  calculated  on  the  assump- 
tion that  the  whole  of  the  observed  current  flow  was  electrolytic 
in  effect.  Even  with  7  volts  drop,  there  was  not  \\  volts  difference 
between  the  pipe  and  general  body  of  earth  at  either  end  of  the  pipe, 
and  in  considering  the  effect  on  short  lengths  of  pipe,  the  voltage 
available  was  some  small  fraction  of  1  volt.  Thus,  probably,  the 
calculations  erred  a  great  deal  on  the  f  afe  side  in  the  case  of  short 
pipes.  In  the  case  of  6-in.  iron  pipe  5,000  ft.  long,  it  was  estimated 
that  it  would  take  400,000  years  to  cause  the  amount  of  corrosion  he 
had  postulated.  This  figure  was  based  on  the  line  resistance.  An 
estimate  based  on  the  surface  resistance  would  indicate  a  figure  of 
600  years.  In  the  case  of  a  similar  pipe  r>00  ft.  long,  the  line 
resistance  gave  a  corresponding  limit,  and  the  surface  resistance  a 
limit  of  about  6,000  years.  In  the  case  of  lead  pipes,  the  figures 
were  very  different.  In  the  case  of  a  2-in.  lead  pipe  5,000  ft.  long, 
the  estimate  based  on  the  data  in  his  1902  paper  was  IGO  years.  The 
data  given  by  Messrs.  Cunliffe  indicated  a  much  higher  figure,  the 
estimate  running  between  400  and  1,600  years,  based  on  the  line 
resistance  of  the  pipe.  In  the  case  of  a  pipe  500  ft.  long,  the  line 
resistance  gave  a  similar  limit  on  the  assumed  potential  gradient, 
and  the  surface  resistance  now  gave  a  limit  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  160  years.  Safety  lay  in  keeping  the  pipe  away  from  the  rail, 
and  the  life  rapidly  increased  as  the  distance  exceeded  3  ft.  Regu- 
lations covering  the  maximum  voltage  drop  in  the  rail  were  all  that 
was  required. 

Dr.  Kapp,  referring  to  the  calculations  of  the  last  speaker,  drew 
attention  to  the  fact  that  they  were  made  on  the  supposition  that 
the  action  was  uniform  over  the  whole  surface.  In  reality  there 
was  not  this  uniformity,  and  the  electrolytic  attack  was  concen- 
trated at  a  few  points,  with  the  result  that  the  pipes  became  pitted, 
and  at  certain  points  holes  might  be  eaten  through  the  pipe.  He 
hod  himself  seen  a  large  amount  of  old  gas  piping  rendered  useless  by 
such  pitting  and  perforation  in  Hamburg.  With  negative  feeders  and 
boosters  properly  installed  no  electrolysis  need  be  feared.    He  could 


not  aifrtc  with  fhn  nuthora  that  the  utt  of  nriratiw  boo»t<T- 
increawjd  capital  outlay  and  workinjr  '•out*.  \\f.  th(/U(fht.  thi- 
reverco  was  unnally  the  cafto.  Hy  the  Infcrtiori  of  rf»i"f.n(ir:<-  in  a 
short  feeder  thf  ohniic  lodii  in  the  feeder  wn*  nrlifl'.inlly  iri'r<-»«r'l 
to  that  unavoidable  in  thr-  lonifcnt  frfder.  This  extra  luxn  mtmt  >»■ 
more  than  th('  loi"<eM  occurring  in  liooHtcrs,  Hinc«  thi-w;  wf.  uld  only 
be  put  on  to  the  longcHt  feedcrB,  whilxt  the  Nhort<'r  feedern  wonl'i 
have  no  more  than  their  natural  ohmic  loim. 

Mr.  Oronkh  said   that   in    VM)',,   in   connection   with  th*>   Bir 
mingham   tramway   Hystem,   the   alternativ«;H   of  cub-ntati'ii 
negotive   boo.-iters  werr-    prmwdcrc'd  ;    the   ncceHsity    for    jir 
local  supply  for  power  and    lighting  in   widely -cepttrafcd  'i-     r 
determined   that   the   former  scheme  would   be  the  most  nuitai/l' 
consequently  no  great  flifHcnlty  had  been  experienced  in  conformini- 
to  regulations.     There   was  no  doubt  that  with  negative  tx>oiiter!< 
and  plenty  of  pilots  a  very  flexible  syctem  could  lie  denigneii,  and 
the  track  sectioned  as  desired,  but  ccmmerciol  <!onsiderations  wonid 
not  permit  the  universal  adoption  of  this  electrically  ideal  method 
of   controlling   vagabond   currents.      The    restriction    to    7     volt- 
between  any  two  points  re<iuired  some  qualification  on  a  long  route 
concisting  of  several  negative  sections,  the  potential  might  rise  in 
a  series  of  small   steps  until  it  exceeds  7  volts,  although  the  condi- 
tions would  be  quite  satisfactory  in  resjiect  to  the  safety  of  pipei". 

Mu.  A.  M.  TAvr.ou  said  that  the  authors'  statement  that  the 
addition  of  sub-stations  for  the  purpose  of  splitting  up  the  track 
into  smaller  areas  was  uneconomical,  was  no  doubt  intended  to 
apply  to  the  case  where  the  traction  and  lighting  systfinsof  a  town 
were  quite  distinct.  Where  they  were  combined  under  one  manage- 
ment, as  at  Birmingham,  the  additional  sub-stations  were  desirable 
for  the  lighting  schi  me.  In  the  case  of  Birmingham,  he  had  gone 
very  carefully  into  the  use  of  negative  boosters,  in  order  to  see 
whether  it  was  at  all  possible  by  their  use  to  feed  the  whole 
tramway  .system  direct  from  one  generating  station,  and  had  found 
that  some  2(i  negative  boosters  would  have  been  necessary.  It  was 
then  found  that  the  requisite  number  of  rotary  converter  sub- 
stations for  the  traction  requirements  (without  boosters)  suited  also 
the  lighting  requirements,  and  the  combined  scheme  was  adopted 
It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  authors'  paper  dealt  with 
specially  heavy  traffic  conditions  only. 


The  Design  of  Apparntns  for  Improving  the  Power  Factor 
of  Alternating-Current  Systems. 

TnK  paper  on  this  subject  by  Phof.  Mii.es  Walker,  which  was 
abstracted  in  our  issue  of  January  24th,  1913,  was  discussed  by  the 
Institution  of  Ei.ectuical  Engixeebs  (Birmixoham  Local 
Section)  on  .fauuai y  8th,  and  in  London  on  January  9th. 

Discussion  at  Birmingham. 
De.  Kapp  said  that  the  so-called  practical  engineer  seemed  to 
think  that  anything  which  was  highly  scientific  was  generally  also 
highly  unsatisfactory  as  a  commercial  proposition.  The  author 
had  given  a  few  examples  showing  the  vast  improvement  resulting 
in  the  power  factor  of  a  system  by  the  addition  of  his  phase- 
advancer,  but  he  had  omitted  to  draw  attention  to  the  fundamental 
proposition  that  a  motor  with  a  phase-advancer  need  not  be  dearer 
than  one  without.  By  using  a  phase-advancer  they  were  able  to  do 
with  a  smaller  motor  in  all  cases  where  the  short-time  peak  and 
not  the  heating  was  the  determining  factor.  Since  the  motor  was 
smaller,  it  did  not  work  underloaded,  and  therefore  with  reduced 
efficiency,  and  the  buyer  would  find  that  the  saving  on  his  bill  for 
current  would  represent  a  high  dividend  on  the  outlay  for  the 
phase-advancer.  It  was  to  the  advantage  of  the  power  companies 
to  encourage  the  customer  by  an  extra  discount  if  he  took  his 
current  at  or  near  unity  power  factor.  Prof.  Arno,  of  Milan,  had 
devised  a  special  meter  which  would  automatically  discriminate 
between  bad  and  good  customers  in  this  respect,  so  that  all  cus- 
tomers were  treated  alike.  At  full  load  the  input  into  the  motor 
was  the  same  whether  a  phase-advancer  was  used  or  not ;  some 
power  was,  of  course,  required  to  keep  the  phase-advancer  going, 
but  some  waste  of  power  was  saved  in  the  motor  ;  and  the  two 
approximately  balanced.  The  author  had  referred  to  a  phase- 
advancer  made  by  the  speaker,  to  which  he  had  given  the  name 
"Vibrator.'  The  idea  of  producing  a  leading  e.m.f.  by  the  free 
swing  of  an  alternating-current  conductor  in  a  magnetic  field  wa** 
not  new  ;  Mr.  Swinburne  many  years  ago  had  suggested  this  kind 
of  mechanical  condenser  to  improve  the  power  factor,  not  of  a 
motor,  but  of  a  whole  network.  The  suggestion  was  impossible  of 
practical  application,  because  the  e.m.f.  was  exceedingly  small 
with  the  usual  frequency  of  supply.  If,  however,  they  had  to  deal 
with  the  rotor  current  of  a  non-synchronous  motor,  they  got  fre- 
quencies of  1  or  2  per  second,  and  then  the  idea  of  a  mechanical 
condenser  became  quite  practicable,  provided  that  they  did  not  let  a 
conductor  alone  swing  as  suggested  by  Swinburne  and  M.  Leblanc, 
but  a  complete  electromagnet.  In  his  vibrator  the  electromagnet 
was  a  drum  armature  of  special  proportions,  and  the  A.c.  was 
passed  through  it  by  brushes.  Since  the  armature  swung  freely. 
it  could  not  permanently  take  up  energy  :  hence  the  induced  e.m.f., 
and  the  current  which  produced  the  swing  must  be  in  quadrature. 
The  reversal  of  motion  must,  therefore,  take  place  when  the  current 
passed  through  crest  value.  This  meant  that  a  growing  current 
retarded  the  motion  and  a  declining  current  accelerated  it.  When 
the  motion  was  retarded,  mechanical  energy  was  converted  into 
electrical  energy,  which  was  transferred  to  the  circuit,  and  when 
the  motion  was  accelerated  energy  was  given  by  the  circuit  to 
the  swinging  system.  Thus,  the  circuit  lost  energy  during  the 
time  that  the  current  passed  from  crest  value  to  zero,  and  it 
received  energy  during  the  time  that  the  current  approached  crest 
value.  Thus,  both  the  decline  and  the  growth  of  the  current  were 
promoted,  which  was  only  another  way  of  saying  that  the  current 
phase  was  advKnced  by  the  injection  of  a  leading  e.m.f.    The  oom- 


170 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.  72.  no.  1,830,  jaxuaby  31, 1913. 


mntatin^r  conditions  were  very  favourable.  The  frequency  of  com- 
mutation was  with  a  swinging-  armature  very  much  lower  than 
with  an  armature  which  must  be  driven  at  high  speed.  Moreover, 
the  maximum  frequency  of  commutation  occurred  when  the  current 
passed  through  zero.  When  the  current  had  crest  value 
the  armature  etood  still.  At  an  intermediate  point  there 
was  both  current  and  frequency  of  commutation,  but 
both  were  less  than  their  maxima.  Hence  the  resistance 
voltage  was  low,  a  fraction  of  a  volt  only.  The  result 
was  a  perfectly  sparkless  commutation,  even  if  solid  copper  were 
nsed  for  the  brush  contact.  A  vibrator  to  his  design  had  been 
built  at  the  Sandycroft  works,  and  tested  a  week  ago  in  connection 
with  a  60-H.l'.  cascade  motor  of  the  type  invented  by  Mr.  Hunt. 
It  had  two  pairs  of  tappings  in  each  of  its  three  secondary  circuits, 
but  as  the  vibrator  had  only  three  armatures,  one  pair  of  tappings 


winding  were  fixed  in  space.  Hence,  when  the  ring  was  driven  at 
the  speed  ,v  R.P.s.  in  the  direction  in  which  f  revolved,  the  relative 
motion  of  the  field  F  and  the  winding  became  zero,  and  this  was 
equivalent  to  the  disappearance  of  the  self-icduction  ttfect. 
The  vector  diagram  of  the  phate  e.m  i'.  k  at  the  brushes 
and  the  current  i  fed  into  the  brushes  became  as 
shown  in  fig.  c,  i.e.,  the  current  was  now  in  phase  with 
the  K.M.r.  If  the  ring  were  driven  at  a  higher  speed  than  .«  k.p.s., 
the  X  I  component  of  fig.  u  became  reversed  in  sign,  and  the 
vector  diagram  was  now  as  shown  in  fig.  n,  i.e.,  the  current  was 
leading  on  the  e.w.f.  The  angle  of  lead  might  be  adjusted  by 
adjusting  the  speed  at  which  the  apparatus  was  driven. 

Mr.  N.  Shuttlewokth  said  Prof.  Walker's  fig.  8  did  not  agree 
with  his  view  of  the  case.  They  might  assume  that  the  phase- 
advancer  had  no  resistance  or  reactance,  in  which  case  the  point  .\ 
would  coincide  with  the  point  i:„.  He  understood  that  o  e„  repre- 
sented the  resistance  drop  of  the  full-load  watt  current  in  the 
main  rotor  ;  if  then  they  drew  a  horizontal  line  from  E^  to  cut  O,, 
in  y,  they  would  have  Ea  Q  as  the  ideal  voltage  to  inject,  since  it 
represented  the  resistance  drop  of  the  wattless  current  required. 
This  voltage  was  at  right  angles  to  the  rotor  voltage,  which  was 


Fig.  G. 


Fifis.  A,  B,  C  AND  D. 


in  each  circuit  had  to  be  joined  by  equivalent  resistances,  so  that 
the  motor  did  not  work  under  the  best  possible  conditions. 
Notwithstanding  this  drawback,  they  obtained  a  power  factor  of 
0-82  at  quarter  load,  rising  to  093  at  full  load,  and  when  the  motor 
was  supplied  at  reduced  pressure  (400  volts,  instead  of  500  volts), 
the  power  factor  rose  to  0-98  at  half  load.  When  driven  at  5  per 
cent,  above  synchronism,  the  machine  returned  35  per  cent,  of  its 
normal  input  to  the  line  with  a  power  factor  of  0!»4. 

Db.  T.  F.  Wall  said  the  action  of  the  Scherbius  type  of  phaee- 
advancer  might  be  explained  as  follows  :— The  apparatus  might  be 
represented  as  shown  in  fig.  a,  in  which  ti  was  a  ring  of  iron  pro- 
vided with  holes  in  which  a  winding  wa*  arranged,  in  a  manner 
similar  to  that  of  a  ring-wound  armatuie  of  a  d.c.  machine  with 
embedded  active  conductors.  (In  j.ractice  the  winding  was  drum, 
but  a  ring  winding  was  easier  to  illustiate  in  a  diagram.)  The  ring 
and  commutator  were  fixed  on  a  shaft  which  might  be  driven. 
Three  brushes  were  provided  on  the  commutator,  displaced  relatively 
to  one  another  by  120  electrical  degrees,  and  these  brushes  received 
the  currents  of  slip  frequency  from  the  secondaiy  of  the  induction 
motor.  If  the  ring  were  stationary  it  acted  like  a  three-phase 
choking  coil,  the  currents  producing  a  field  f,  which  revolved  in 


Fig.  E. 


space  at  a  speed  of  *  K.p.s.  corresponding  to  the  frequency  of  the 
cnrrente  supplied  to  the  brushes.  The  vector  diagram  for  the 
phase  E.M.r.  e  at  the  bruphee,  and  the  current  1  fed  to  the  brushes 
would  be  as  shown  in  fig.  b,  in  which  R  i  was  the  component  to 
overcome  resistance,  and  x  i  was  the  component  to  overcome  the 
E.M.F.  produced  by  the  revolving  field  F  (i.«.,  the  em  f.  of  self- 
induction).  Supposing  the  apparatus  were  driven  in  the  same 
direction  as  that  in  which  the  field  r  revolved,  the  speed  of  rota- 
tion of  f  in  space  was  independent  of  the  speed  of  rotation  of  the 
ring,  because  the  points  at  which  the  currents  were  led  into  the 


variable    according    to     the     slip,   hence    it   would    control    the 
wattless    current     entirely  ;     in    other    words,    they     must    not 
introduce    a    horizontal     component    greater    than     EaQ   when 
full-load    watt    current     was    flowing,    otherwiee    they    would 
have    a    larger    wattless     current    than    was    desired.      They 
might   now    represent    the    phase    rf    the    advancer    e.m.f.    by 
drawing  from  Ea  a  line  parallel  to  «   b,  and  by  cutting  this  in  i' 
with   a  vertical   from  y,   it  was  clear  that  the  magnitude   Ea  P 
had  the  correct  horizontal  component  for  producing  the  wattless 
current  necessary,  and  the  other  component  q  p  would  be  immedi- 
ately neutralised  by  a  tpeeding-up  of  the  main  motor.    It  would 
seem,  therefore,  that  Ea  p  was  the  correct  magnitude  for  this  par- 
ticular phase  to  introduce.    For  any  other  phase  relation  it  was 
simply  necessary  to  draw  from  Ea  a  line  representing  the  phase  to 
cut  the  vertical  through  Q.    According  to  Prof.  Walker's  diagram 
the  required  magnitude  was  obtained  by  the  phase  line  cutting  Oa. 
Prof.  Walker  referred  to  the  provision  of  a  commutating  flux  in 
phase  with  and   proportional  to  the  current  to  be  commutated  ; 
there  was  no  further  mention  of  this,  and  the  commutating  flux 
provided  was  not  in  the  desired   phase.      In   spite  of  this,   the 
machine  would  commutate  sparklessly,  for  the  reason   that  the 
reactance  voltage  of  commutation  was  only  of  the  order  of  '5  to  "G 
volt. 
Mr.  G.  Shearing  gave  the  results  of  tests  made  on  a  Scherbius 
three-phase  induction    motor    of 
25  H. p.,  50  frequency,  and  4  50  volts, 
having    a    synchronous  speed   of 
1,000  R.P.M.    The  motor  was  the 
primary  and   the  phase-advancer 
was  fixed  on  one  end  of  the  rotor 
shaft.     The  advancer  itself  was  a 
three-phase  commutator  dynamo 
with  no  stator  field,  the  exciting 
flux  being  produced  by  the  arma- 
ture itself.     The  stator  terminals 
were  connected  to  three  brushes 
on  the  commutator  ;  in  this  way, 
the  necessary  leading  e.m.f.  was 
injected  into  the  secondary  wind- 
ing.   Tests  were  made  at  505  and 
4(>0  volts.    In  one  test  at  505  volts 
the  advancer  was  cut  out,  in  the 
other,  the  advancer  was  in  circuit 
^^^-  ^-  as  well  as  in  the  test  at  460  volts. 

The  relation  between  the  power 
factor  and  kilowatt  input  were 
shown  by  the  curves,  fig.  v,  and  the  conclusions  to  be 
made  from  the  test  were  very  favourable  to  the  use  of  phase- 
advancers.  The  motor  was  very  light  for  the  output.  Its  net 
weight  was  798  lb.,  giving  14"5  kg.  per  horse-power  for  the 
rated  load.  From  the  maker's  figures  he  found  that  as  a  rough 
average  value  for  a  motor  of  the  same  output,  frequency  and  speed, 
but  with  no  advancer,  and  a  power  factor  from  86  per  cent,  to  88 
per  cent.,  the  weight  was  from  14  to  15  kg.  per  horse-power.  Thus 
the  decrease  in  weight  of  the  motor  resulting  from  the  use  of  the 
advancer  compenaeied  for  the  increase  due  to  the  weight  of  the 


ix"^ 

_0           - 

.^ 

ojSSi- 

^^ 

4 

4>  ^ 

r 

// 

X 

/ 

P 

Kilowatts   input 


Voi.7_'.   No.  i,«;u;,jAN..A«y:u,iyi:..i     THE    VLVT/rmCAh    KKVIKW. 


171 


wIvuiii'iT  itHdlf.  Without  nil  lulvimwr  Id  Hoourc  ii  liitfh  [wwcr- 
factor,  tho  air-nap  Iwul  to  bt^  very  Mmiill.  With  itn  um«  tho  air-Kup 
need  not  b«  ho  Hmall,  and  thn  incchunical  ditnuultii-H  uHHOciatml  with 
a  Hnmll  iiirjfap  diHni)ptmrcd.  Kor  thew)  roanonH  the  coHt  of  tho 
motor  and  phase-ad vaticor  nhoiild  not  neooHHarily  be  ({roator  than 
that  of  a  motor  with  no  advancer.  'I'ho  ctlicicncy  of  tho  motor 
waH  92  per  cent,  at  full  load.  The  additional  Iosihoh  dun  to  bruBh 
and  ohmio  rodiHtancu)  of  tho  advancer  wore  thuH  Hinall,  and  the  train 
roHultinir  from  tho  reduction  of  the  current  for  a  (jiven  output  was 
far  K'reatcr  than  the  additional  lofsa".  There  wan  no  Hparkini;  at 
the  bruHhcH  at  full  loa<l  when  the  Htator  current  waH  about 
80  ampereH.  The  iiinunilude  of  tho  Icadinff  K..M.I'.  waH  at  full  load 
S'4  voUh,  at  half-load  f'J  voItB,  and  with  motor  running 
light  3  voltH,  phowinp  the  tendcn(!y  to  saturation  of  the 
mairnetio  oircuit  of  the  advancer.  The  power  factors 
obtained  were  less  at  tho  higher  voltage.  This  followed  from 
the  circle  diagram  assuming,  as  an  approximation,  that  the 
current  diagram  was  a  circle,  a  h  c,  fig.  G,  was  the  current  circle 
for  the  lower  voltoge,  and  A'  ii'  v'  that  for  the  higher  voltage.  For  a 
given  input  as  represented  by  the  height  of  the  horizontal  line  I  I, 
the  phap((  angle  was  greater  for  the  higher  voltago  over  the  work- 
ing range  of  the  motor.  The  greatest  improvement  in  the  power 
factor  was  at  the  higher  loads.  When  lightly  loaded  the  power 
factor  was  somewhat  low,  and  the  advantages  of  the  advancer 
would  be  increased  if,  by  some  means,  the  power  factor  could  be 
made  higher  at  light  loads  with  no  additional  complications.  The 
greater  part  of  the  decrease  of  the  leading  E  M  I",  of  the  advancer 
took  place  between  no-load  and  about  one-third  full  load.  For 
these  loads  the  e  m.v.  was  approximately  proportioned  to  the  cur- 
rent and  the  power  factor  decreased  comiderably. 


HynchronoUH  motor.  If  tlii^ri'  wrh  ■ui:h  an  objection  V,  tli<r  <-)itr» 
machine,  why  did  not  people  Hcrap  the  eic-jter  in  that  com-  '  The 
Hyii<;hronouH  motor  could  Ix!  run  all  right  direct  from  the  malnH 
without  the  exciter,  and  would  ifive  a  power  factor  of  atxjut  '2, 
but  nobody  did  this. 

'  Mu.  Ahiiton  writoH  to  May  that  the  cohI  of  luitable  oondenwrf, 
including  Hwitohefl,  Ih  now  Iwii  than  mentioned  by  bim,  beini;  abcKit 
ijr'J  per  K.v  A.  ' 


Discussion  in  Lo.ndon. 

Dr.  Kapp,  in  opening  the  discussion,  said  the  author,  in  hie  new 
design,  had  used  a  mesh-coupled  machine,  and  he  believed  it  could 
be  built  so  as  to  obviate  any  sparking,  a  matter  which  he  had 
doubted  when  the  author  read  his  last  paper  on  the  subject.  He 
felt  that  the  author  had  not  said  as  much  as  he  might  have  done  as 
legarded  the  commercial  use  of  the  phase-advancer  ;  the  motor 
with  the  phase- advancer  would  give  a  greater  torque  than  without, 
which  was  equivalent  to  a  saving  in  capital  on  a  new  machine  to 
meet  a  slight  increase  of  load.  The  efficiency  would  be  improved  at 
all  times,  representing  a  continuous  saving  in  cost  of  energy.  He 
also  thought  it  would  be  cheaper  to  build  an  "  iron  "  machine  with 
a  phase-advancer  than  a  copper  one  without  it,  and  that  the  cost  of 
the  advancer  should  not  hinder  its  adoption.  The  right  place  for  it 
was  on  the  consumer's  premises,  but  it  was  possible  that  the  supply 
authorities  disliked  putting  their  plant  on  another  man's  premises. 
Possibly  if  the  consumer  were  tempted  by  a  disccunt,  he  might  be 
induced  to  put  the  phaee-advancer  in  himself.  There  was  a 
difference  in  principle  between  the  author's  rotary  machine  and  his 
(the  speaker's)  vibrating  machine  and  the  latter  could  not  tackle  a 
motor  with  a  very  bad  slip  so  well  as  the  author's  phase-advancer. 
The  effect  of  the  latter  was  simply  proportional  to  current,  while 
the  former  depended  on  slip,  and  was  adapted  for  motors  which 
were  much  under  loaded.  The  phase-advancer  would  be  of  great 
importance  in  electric  traction,  especially  in  such  a  place  as  Italy, 
where  coal  was  dear.  There  was  close  on  200,000  H.p.  of  three- 
phase  motors  in  locomotives  at  work  there. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Patchell  thought  the  phase-advancer  was  commer- 
cially practicable  and  it  should  be  put  on  the  consumers'  premises. 
The  Scherbius  machine  had  been  largely  used  for  fan  driving ,  and 
the  author's  arrangement  would  be  valuable  in  colliery  work. 

Mr.  H.  W.  Asiiton  made  a  comparison  between  the  use  of  con- 
densers and  the  phase-advancer,  taking  the  cost  of  installing  the 
former  to  deal  with  1,000  k.v. a.  of  wattless  current  at  60  periods 
to  be  £2,800.  He  assumed  that  the  phase-advancer  cost  £250, 
and  that  its  use  would  involve  an  extra  loss  of  25  kw.,  and  assum- 
ing capital  charges  at  61  per  cent.,  and  energy  at  £4  per  kw.  plus 
■4d.  per  unit,  he  found  that  at  100  per  cent,  load  factor  the  con- 
denser would  cost  £249,  and  the  phase-advancer  £489  ;  at  25  per 
cent,  load  factor,  £206  and  £211  respectively  ;  and  at  20  per  cent, 
load  factor,  £203  and  £193  respectively,  showing  a  saving  in  favour 
of  the  condenser  for  anything  over  25  per  cent,  load  factor.  No 
doubt  the  higher  first  cost  of  the  condenser,  and  the  fact  that 
engineers  were  unfamiliar  with  it,  accounted  for  its  non-nse. 

De.  S.  p.  Smith  said  while  the  idea  was  ingenious,  he  thought 
it  wrong  to  charge  against  the  induction-motor  its  one  vice,  in 
view  of  its  many  virtues.  As  a  designer,  he  could  not  see  how  an 
installation,  consisting  of  an  induction-motor  and  commntating 
polyphase  motor,  could  be  put  into  unskilled  hands  on  the  con- 
sumer's premises,  and  he  further  considered  that  if  the  station 
engineer  wanted  his  power  factor  improving  he  should  do  it  him- 
self, as  he  had  several  means  at  his  disposal.  In  certain  systems 
the  phase-advancer  might  be  the  only  alternative,  but  generally  he 
did  not  agree  with  its  use. 

Prof.  Mile'^  Walker,  in  replying,  said  he  thought  that  in  the 
cate  of  large  machines,  the  total  loss  when  using  the  phase-advancer, 
would  be  less  than  without  it.  The  important  thing  was  that  a 
smaller  motor  could  be  built  and  worked  at  a  higher  rate  with 
the  same  frequency.  The  main  reason  for  correcting  power  factor 
was  on  account  of  the  mains  cost,  which  quite  overbalanced  the 
cost  of  machirery-i  He  was  glad  to  hear  of  the  progress  of  the 
condenser,  but  the  price  mentioned  .seemed  low  ;  he  had  heard  of 
a  quotation  of  £5  per  k.v.a.  The  condenser  had  its  advantages, 
as  it  could  be  put  direct  on  the  mains,  but  he  disagreed  that  the 
losses  in  the  phase-advancer  would  be  as  high  as  stated  by  Mr. 
Ashton,  and  this  greatly  reduced  his  figures.  The  phase-advancer 
was  independent  of  the  motor,  and  could  be  shut  off  without 
affecting  it ;  it  W»8  even  better  in  this  wa^r  than  t}ie  exciter  pf  the 


Electric  Winding  Enginen. 

By  A.  E.  i)t    PAsgniEK. 

(A/istrtirl    of   papfr    iniil   hi-forr   thr  HoCTH   WaI.KH   I.nsTITI  TK  <n 

K.vyi.NEEK.S,  Seplpinhrr,  1912.) 

In  this  paper  the  author  diHcuseed  not  the  relative  advanta«re«  of 
steam  and  electricity,  but  the  principlcH  governing  the  type  of 
winder  for  particular  conditions,  and  the  infinence  of  drum  profile 
on  tho  results  obtained.  He  pointed  out  that  there  wafl  a  general 
trend  towards  electric  driving,  and  the  makerH  of  steam  winders 
were  with  one  accord  making  their  design!  more  suitable  for  elec- 
trical operation.  The  tendency  was  strengthened  by  the  growth 
of  the  large  power  companies,  which  he  regarded  with  favour  as 
being  to  the  advantage  of  the  consumers  rather  than  to  install 
their  own  generating  plant.  A  close  estimate  of  the  load  factor 
•was  of  the  first  importance  ;  the  smaller  it  waf,  the  less  chance 
had  the  local  generating  plant.  Where  coke-ovens  were  used,  the 
use  of  local  plant,  however,  was  essential  to  economy,  provided 
that  the  surplus  energy  could  be  disposed  of  by  co-operation  with 
a  supply  company,  as  in  many  cases  on  the  North-East  Coast. 

Comparing  A. c.  and  DC.  winders,  the  author  stated  that  in  thecaee 
of  the  former,  speed  regulation  was  effected  by  inserting  resistance 
in  the  rotor  circuit,  a  wasteful  method,  while  with  D.c.  the  Ward- 
Leonard  system  was  always  used  ;  the  latter  showed  an  economy 
of  energy  per  wind,  but  the  A.c.  winder  cost  20  per  cent,  less,  and 
if  the  intervals  between  winds  were  prolonged,  the  saving  was  lost. 
Regenerative  braking  was  practicable  with  the  Ward-Leonard 
control,  but  this  had  little  effect  on  the  total  consumption.  The 
equalising  effect  on  the  load  of  a  cylindro-conical  drum  was  very 
marked.  The  introduction  of  improved  double-helical  gearing  had 
benefited  the  A.c.  motor,  by  enabling  it  to  run  at  speeds  at  which 
high  efficiencies  and  power  factors  were  attainable.  The 
accelerating  and  retardation  periods  should  be  so  arranged  that 
the  accelerating  torque  turns  will  be  as  nearly  as  possible  equal 
to  the  product  of  the  statical  moment  by  the  number  of  revolu- 
tions made  by  the  drum  in  the  decelerating  period.  "  Equalis- 
ing "  was  to  be  avoided  if  possible.  Valuable  assistance  could  be 
obtained  from  a  drum  with  a  special  profile,  and  from  the  use  of  a 
tail  rope.  Table  I  gives  a  comparison  of  the  results  obtainable 
with  an  A.c.  motor  under  various  conditions,  without  equalising  ;  — 

TABLE  I. 


Dram 

Motor 

Motor 

Units 

Accele- 

Drum, 

speed, 

speed, 

per 

rating 

B.F.M. 

B.F.H. 

wind. 

peak. 

Cy-Con.  8'  6"-13'  0"... 

60 

480 

290 

4-8 

720 

11 

Cy-Con,  8'  6"-13'  0"... 

50 

460 

50 

4-8 

700 

1-55 

Cylindrical  12' 0"     ... 

50 

750 

290 

5-6 

1,730 

ri 

*Cylindrical  12'  0"  ... 

45 

480 

290 

4-75 

900 

1-0 

Cylindrical  12' 0"     ... 

50 

730 

50 

55 

1,630 

1-68 

*Cylindrical  12'  0'  ... 

50 

465 

50 

4-6 

870 

1-58 

*TaUr 

>pe  10  lb. 

per  ft. 

Detai 

Is  of  Wir 

der. 

Depth  of  shaft ... 

...    1 

,080  ft. 

Load       

3  tons 

Number  of  decks  per  ca 

ge      ... 

... 

3 

Weight  of  each  cage  an 

d  chains 

80  cwt. 

Number  of  tubs  per  dec 

i 

2 

Weight  of  each  tub     .. 

6  owt. 

Circumference  of  rope 

5iin. 

Weight  per  yard 

14  lb. 

Winding  time 

47  sec. 

Decking  time 

30  sec. 

Output  per  hour 

...     1 

40  tODS 

A  hoist  of  this  nature  would  be  quite  impossible  operated  from  the 
ordinary  colliery  generating  station,  or  small  power  company,  and 
under  such  conditions  of  supply  the  colliery  company  would  have 
to  adopt  an  equalised  system  at  a  cost  of  about  50  per  cent.  more. 

With  the  uniform  turning  moment  of  the  electric  motor  tail- 
ropes  gave  no  trouble  ;  they  were  in  use  in  some  of  the  Rand  mines, 
with  shafts  1,000  ft.  deep. 

Nowadays,  the  author  said,  the  maximum  peak  load  affected 
feeder  drop  more  than  generator  regulation,  and  it  was  often  better 
to  spend  money  on  additional  feeders  than  on  equalisers,  except 
where  the  colliery  was  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the  power 
station.  On  the  Rand,  with  thousands  of  h.p.  of  electric  winding 
plant  in  use,  there  were  no  equalisers.  In  any  cat*,  there  was  no 
need  to  attempt  to  get  perfect  equalisation — a  peak  of  15  per  cent, 
above  tlie  mean  demand  was  permissible.  The  fly-wheels  should  '■•e 
run  as  fast  as  possible — peripheral  speeds  of  100-120  m.  per  sec. 
were  now  quite  common — and  pro"vidfd  with  an  excess  speed  safety 
cut-off.  As  the  wheels  had  to  be  solid  castings,  not  over  12  ft.  6  in. 
in  diameter,  on  account  of  transport  difficulties,  the  maximum  speed 
of  tlie  motor- generator  was    thus  approximately  fixed,     Beaximf 


172 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     LVoi.72.  No.  i.sso,  januaey  31, 191s. 


)ire»Dre8  np  to  20u  lb.  per  s^q.  in.  of  projected  area  were  satisfactory, 
with  forced  lubrication  from  a  tank,  at  10  to  15  lb.  per  sq.  in.,  oil 
pumps  returninij  the  oil  to  the  tank  throuRh  a  cooler.  An  oil- 
failure  alarm  should  be  provided.  The  equaliser  should  be  designed 
for  a  maximum  blip  of  12  J  to  1.5  ))er  cent.,  and  should  be  capable  of 
completing  one  wind  in  case  of  failure  of  the  supply ;  the 
Hy-wheel  shouUl  be  situated  at  one  end  of  the  set,  with  a  couplintr 
permitting-  it  to  be  diticouiiected  without  shutting-down  the  plant. 
A  brake  for  stopping  the  wheel  quickly  was  necessary. 

The  Westinghouse  cqusliser  for  AC.  winders  was  in  parallel  with 
the  load,  instead  of  in  series  with  it,  and  this  involved  much  smaller 
losses  ;  the  slip  could  be  increasfd  to  30  per  cent.,  enabling  a  smaller 
wheel  to  do  the  same  work,  and  the  equaliser  set  could  be  com- 
pletely shut  down  without  interfering  with  the  winding.  In  the 
event  of  growth  of  the  power  station  to  such  an  extent  that 
equalising  was  no  longer  necessary,  the  whole  of  the  losses  insepar- 
able from  the  use  of  such  sets  could  thus  be  cut  out.  Table  II 
gave  a  comparison  of  the  systems  considered,  the  figures  being  for  a 
complete  winding  cycle,  including  decking  (see  under  Table  1). 

Comparing  A.c.  and  i).c.  winding,  the  author  gave  preference  to 
the  former  for  simplicity,  first  cost,  maintenance  and  space  occupied, 
and  to  the  latter  for  regulation,  control  and  braking,  while,  in 
respect  of  reliability,  efliciency,  power  factor  and  equalising,  there 
was,  on  the  whole,  no  great  diflference  between  the  systems. 

The  author  dealt  at  some  length  with  the  question  of  drum 
profile,  and  commended  the  practice  of  lapping  the  ropes  on  the 
drum  (winding  in  two  layers),  which  had  been  in  use  on  the  Rand, 
for  some  time.  He  stated  that,  as  the  depth  of  shaft  increased,  the 
load  also  should  be  increased  ;  for  a  depth  of  500  yd.,  the  economical 
lower  limit  seemed  to  be  3  tons  with  a  50-second  wind,  raising 
about  200  tons  per  hour.  Drums  should  be  kept  as  light  and  small 
as  possible.  Drums  of  unnecessarily  large  diameter  were  often 
used  ;  the  ratio  of  drum  diameter  to  rope  diameter  might  be  as  low 
as  4  1  :  Land  of  drum  diameter  to  the  diameter  of  the  individual 
■  wires   1,000  :  1.      Small    diameter   of    drum  reduced   the  statical 


moment  and  the  first  cost, ' increased  the  drum  speed,  and,  with 
scroU  drums,  greatly  assisted  in  equalising  the  winding  diagri  m 
without  unduly  increasing  the  inertia.  The  author  submitted 
that  with  modern  conditions,  using  electric  winding  engines,  a 
factor  of  safety  of  10  for  the  ropes  was  no  longer  necessary  ;  at  the 
De  Beers  mines  a  factor  of  safety,  omitting  bending  and  accelera- 
tion stresses  of  5'2  was  employed,  and  allowing  for  these  stresses, 
the  actual  factor  of  safety  was  233,  The  use  of  the  Thuiy  high- 
pressure  T>  c.  system  in  the  case  of  three  i-mall  winders  was  men- 
tioned. The  effect  of  suitably  designing  the  profile  of  the  drum 
on  the  winding  diagram  was  fully  dealt  with  in  the  paper,  with  the 
aid  of  numerous  diagrams, 


The  dlBcnssion  on  this  paper  (on  December  19th,  lit  1 2)  was 
reported  in  the  Jron  mid  i'oal  Tradei  Renew,  to  which  we  are 
indebted  also  for  the  foregoing  abstract. 

Mk.  B.  J.  Day  considered  that  the  high  jwwer  required  for  the 
large  outputs  of  present-day  pits  wae  in  favour  of  the  modern  steam 
winder,  which,  for  purposes  of  comparison  with  the  electric  winder, 
must  be  considered  in  conjunction  with  the  exhaust  steam  turbine. 
Mii.  W.  C.  Mou.NTAlK  communicated  similar  views  to  the  meeting. 
Mb.  W.  Tbimjiee,  however,  disagreed,  pointing  out  that,  in  South 
Africa,  electric  winding  was  displacing  the  steam  winding  where 
heavy  loads  had  to  be  hoisted  from  great  depths.  He  further  gave 
his  opinion  that  in  South  Wales  the  steam  winder  would  be  displaced 
by  the  electric  winder,  when  power  supply  on  an  adequate  scale  was 
available. 

Mb.  Geo.  Hank  thought  that,  if  a  fresh  start  could  be  made  in 
the  South  Wales  area,  it  would  be  agreed  that  the  most  efficient 
arrangement  would  be  central  power  stations  and  electrically 
equipped  collieries.  Under  present  conditions,  with  existing  steam 
plant,  however,  mixed-pressure  turbine-driven  generators  supplying 
auxiliary  plant,  was  a  possibly  good  solution  of  the  problem. 
VssUming  a'modem  installation  of  this  kind,  power  from  outside 
votild  not  have  to  exceed  in  cost  Jd.  per  unit — a  price  which  had 
not  yet  been  reached. 

He  favoured  the  electric  winder,  providing  the  conditions  were 
favourable  to  Ite  use,  but  careful  investigations  of  its  cost  compared 
with  the  steam  winder  were  required. 

As  an  example,  he  mentioned  that  the  Penallta  steam  winder 
consumed  450  lb.  steam  per  wind,  calculated  from  the  indicator  ; 
load  ij  tons,  depth  750  yds.,  time  of  wind  50  sees.  This  quantity 
of  steam  used  in  a  live  steam  turbine  plant,  at  15  lb.  per  KW.-hour, 
would  generate  .SO  nirite  ;  while  t)ie  tame  »piquq,t  of  exhftuet  steam 
used  in  an  exhaust  turbine  plant  at  the  rate  of  46'lb.  per  KW.-hour 


would  generate  10  units,  leaving  an  equivalent  of  20  units  per 
wind  for  the  steam  winder.  The  Pengam  electric  winder  dealing 
with  similar  loads,  60-Bec.  winds,  at  730  yds.  took  an  average  of 
24  units  per  wind,  but,  in  the  former  case,  condensation  loeses 
between  winds  were  not  included,  and,  in  the  latter,  which  included 
losses  in  the  Ilgner  converter,  transmission  losses  were  not  allowed 
for. 

Mr.  Fo.\  Tai.lis  thought  that  the  question  of  transmission  had 
influeilCe'l  the  adoption  of  the  electric  winder  rather  than  any 
economy  over  steam  winding,  and  that  such  winders  were  gene- 
rally found  at  new  pits. 

JIb.  W.  A.  Chamen,  speaking  from  the  Power  Co.'s  point  of 
view,  urged  that  the  colliery  proprietor  would  benefit  by  a  public 
supply  of  energy,  costing  no  more  than  he  couW  produce  it  at  for 
himself  and  freeing  a  large  amount  of  his  capital  for  other  purposes. 
He  further  pointed  to  the  advantageous  influence  of  diversity  factor 
on  the  Power  Co.'s  supply,  the  maximum  load  on  which  might  be 
only  half  the  total  H.p.  connected,  while  a  small  local  station  for 
a  colliery  would  get  scarcely  any  benefit  in  this  direction. 

Mr.  Huch  Bkamweli,  dealt  with  the  matter  of  winding  ropes, 
and  mentioned  that  the  electric  winder,  owing  to  its  even  accelera- 
tion, was  very  much  less  severe  on  the  rope,  and  that  a  reduced 
factor  of  safety  was  possible,  and  Mb.  F.  Ansi.ow  in  a  communica- 
tion, discussed  the  question  of  geared  motors,  holding  that  there 
must  be  considerable  advantage  for  them  to  replace  the  direct- 
coupled  drive.  He  had  had  satisfactory  gearing  in  use  for  purposes 
comparable  with  winding. 


TABLE  11. 

'-■   -- 

«• 

:.\  - 

• 

1 

%i 

^^•1 

^u 

rice  ratio. 

e 

.£3*0 

7| 

1" 

£.5 

ll 

i:- 

' 

S 

a   i*  = 

^* 

^2 

tE° 

A.C.        1 100 

4.52 

0«    !      Nil 

NU 

_:_ 

520 

1,040 

550 

A.C.  J. 

1 

equalised    r45 

5-22 

09 

Nil 

4 -5 

tOO/560  ^ 

600 

750 

650 

D.C.   • 

33  units 

equaliaed  |  r66 

4-66 

092 

per  hour 

7-5 

800/680 

626 

620 

540 

THE    BRITISH    ELECTRICAL    AND 

ALLIED    MANUFACTURERS'    ASSOCIATION 

(INCORPORATED). 


On  Friday  last  the  annual  dinner  of  the  "Beama"  was  held  at 
the  Savoy  Hotel ;  the  chair  was  occupied  by  the  lit.  Hon.  Lord 
Ampthill,  G.C.S.I.,  President  of  the  Association,  and  there  were 
present  about  300  guests,  including  members  of  the  Association, 
central-station  engineers,  consulting  engineers  and  contractors,  as 
well  as  many  distinguished  guests. 

After  the  loyal  toasts,  Mr.  Samuel  Insull,  President  of  the 
Commonwealth  Edison  Co.,  Chicago,  proposed  "  The  British  Elec- 
trical and  Allied  Manufacturers'  Association."  First  remarking 
that  he  knew  but  few  of  the  audience,  though  born  in  London,  he 
said  that  one  of  the  great  obstacles  to  the  progress  of  electrical 
business  in  this  country  was  the  lack  of  cooperation  between  elec- 
trical men  in  general  and  between  the  manufacturers  of  electrical 
apparatus  and  the  suppliers  of  electrical  energy  in  particular.  The 
results  achieved  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  were,  to  a  large 
extent,  due  to  the  closest  co-operation  between  manufacturers  and 
suppliers,  and  while  the  Association  was  formed  more  especially  to 
look  after  the  interests  of  the  former,  if  it  was  to  accomplish  its 
purpose,  it  must  also  take  care  of  the  interests  of  the  users  of 
electrical  apparatus.  Undertakings  and  combinations  were  useless 
unless  they  were  reasonable — so  reasonable  as  to  safeguard  the 
interests  of  the  user  as  well  as  of  the  maker.  Nothing  would  add 
so  greatly  to  the  prosperity  of  the  electricity  supply  business  of  the 
United  Kingdom  as  a  greater  appreciation  on  the  part  of  those 
engaged  in  it  of  the  true  mission  before  them.  In  London  alone, 
200,000  H.P.  was  awaiting  the  attention  of  the  electricity  supply 
authorities.  In  the  County  of  London,  with  a  population  of  1\ 
millions,  7.00  million  units  a  year  were  manufactured  for  all  pui  poses; 
in  Chicago,  a  population  of  2\  millions  in  \iVi  consumed  800  milliou 
units.  The  conditions  of  life  and  purchasing  power  in  the  two 
places  were  the  same,  yet  there  was  this  great  difference  in  con- 
sumption per  capita.  His  message  was  that,  if  they  wished  to  see 
their  great  industry  prosper,  the  main  thing  necestary  was  the 
massing  of  the  production  and  of  the  distribution  of  energy.  The 
pursuit  of  that  policy  would  bring  prosperity  to  the  Association. 

Responding,  Mr.  A.  Bruce  Anderson,  chairman  of  the  Council, 
first  apologised  for  the  length  of  his  speech  last  year,  which  he 
ascribed  to  inexperience  and  enthusiasm.  As  for  the  aspirations  of 
the  Association,  in  the  words  of  "The  Road  Mender,"  all  they  asked 
was  "  leave  to  serve."  They  wished  to  carry  their  fellow  men,  light 
them,  heat  them,  cook  for  them,  and  help  them  out  of  this  world, 
if  justice  so  decreed  ;  to  do  this  the  world  over,  but  especially  where 
their  own  flag  flew.  The  Association  had  achieved  a  positien  in 
which  they  expected  to  be  heard — and  to  long  as  they  spoke  truly, 
they  must  be  heard.  Whenever  they  had  found  it  necessary  to 
speak,  either  on  behalf  of  individual  members  or  of  the  Association 
as  a  whole,  they  had  invariably  been  received  with  courtesy  and 
consideration.  That  position  had  been  achieved  by  a  reasonable 
growth  of  that  spirit  of  alliance  which  they  had  grafted  on  to, 
without  impairing,  their  old  spirit  of  self-reliance  ;  by  the  careful 
deliberations  of  the  council  and  committees,  and  by  the  ability  and 
tact  of  their  secretary,  Mr.  Dunlop.  During  the  year  they  had 
obtained  the  services  of  Lord  Ampthill  as  president  of  the 
Association  :  they  regarded  hie  presidency  as  a  high  honour,  and  a 
clear  indication  to  their  friends  of  the  reasonableness  of  their 
desires  and  of  the  purity  of  their  intentions.  As  the  visitors  by 
their  presence  reeognited  the  importance  of  the  Association,  so  the 
latter  would  recognise  and  endeavour  to  fulfil  their  obligations. 

Proposing  "British  Industry,'  Mr.  L.  W.  EvanB,  M  P.,  referred  to 
the  prosperity  of  trade  the  world  over,  and  eaid  that  the  mainsprings 


Vol.72.  No.  i,83c.januaby;»i,  11.13.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


178 


of  rtritiHh  indiiHtry  were  cnpital  and  brainH.  It  was  an  excellent 
thint;  for  HrittHb  (lapital  to  no  abmitil  provided  that  onou(;h 
reniaineil  to  dovelop  home  in<luntrioH  ;  tho  HurpIiiH  capital  only 
should  (fo  abroml,  and  «o  lonir  an  there  wiirf  reanonable  oo-opcrution 
between  those  who  found  the  capital  and  those  who  supplied 
material,  British  industry  was  benefited.  There  mu.st  be  clowfr 
oo-op«*ration  between  them— that  was  where  they  were  weakest. 
The  Kand  power  scheme  a  few  years  atro  was  a  notabld  example  ; 
the  money  was  found  not  in  London,  but  in  Germany,  and  the 
Germans  (jot  the  work.  Tho  necessity  of  closer  co-operation  had 
brouifht  that  A8<tociation  into  existence,  and  everywhere  they  saw 
the  increasinpr  <-lfect  of  combination.  In  Lord  Ampthill,  who  had 
had  wide  experience  and  occupied  ^I'Bat  petitions,  they  had  secured 
an  ideal  jiresident. 

Lord  .\nipthill,  in  his  reply,  faid  ho  was  a  casual  labourer  in 
various  branches  of  public  work,  and  he  could  sympathise  with 
thope  who  did  not  share  in  the  advanta^jes  due  to  the  unquestioned 
boom  in  trade.  They  mi(rht  well  be  proud  of  the  achievements  of 
British  Industry  in  the  past  and  thankful  to  Providence  that  these 
blessing's  had  been  showered  on  the  nation.  Their  most  urgent 
need  was  to  see  that  «//  clas.ses  shared  in  their  ffood  fortune.  Could 
they  disregard  the  efforts  of  their  rivals  and  go  on  in  the  same  old 
way  .'  Often  in  business  a  complete  change  of  methods  was  neces- 
sary. Cobden  thought  we  should  always  be  the  workshop  of  the 
world,  but  other  nations  had  become  workshop'',  and  as  they  did 
not  copy  onr  methods  as  Cobden  expected,  we  should  adapt  ourselves 
to //(We  methods.  Our  Parliament  ought  to  be  attending  to  these 
matters-  -the  things  they  were  busy  with  at  present  would  not 
help  industry.  Our  prospprity  had  had  a  deteriorating  effect  on 
political  life  ;  they  must  look  not  to  the  politicians  but  to  the 
people  of  this  country.  The  people  looked  after  themselves  by 
Trade  Unionism,  a  system  of  co-operation  to  protect  their  interests  ; 
why  not  extend  the  system  to  the  nation — why  not  have  a  Federa- 
tion of  Trade  Unions  of  the  Empire  .'  How  could  they  reconcile 
the  system  of  protection  of  Labour  with  Free  Trade  in  goods  ? 
Foreign  manufacturers  could  protect  themselves  ;  British  manu- 
facturers should  be  able  to  compete  with  them,  not  for  their  own 
sokes,  but  for  the  sake  of  the  workmen.  They  were  not  in, need 
of  it  at  present,  but  must  look  to  the  future.  He  congratulated 
them  on  the  wonderful  success  of  the  industry  ;  by  the  skill  of  the 
workmen  and  the  courage  and  devotion  of  the  employers  they  bad 
recovered  their  lost  ground  and  pulled  up  level  with  their  com- 
petitors. But  they  must  not  forget  the  12  millions  of  people  on 
the  verge  of  starvation — the  white  slave  traffic — the  discontent  of 
labour — the  unmanly  decadence  which  held  back  their  citizens 
from  preparing  themselves  to  defend  their  great  heritage — and  the 
humiliating  outbreaks  of  feminism.  There  was  nothing  like  work 
to  inculcate  the  spirit  of  duty  and  discipline  and  to  bring  about  the 
social  reform  that  was  so  necessary.  What  was  wanted  above 
everything  else  was  far-sighted  promotion  of  British  industry. 

Dr.  S.  Z.  de  Ferranti,  vice-president,  proposed  "Kindred  Insti- 
tutions and  Oar  Guests."  He  said  that  a  few  years  ago  to  have 
called  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  a  "  kindred  insti- 
tution "  would  have  been  very  difficult,  but  now  they  could  go  very 
much  closer  to  the  idea,  because  the  Association  existed  for  the 
protection  of  the  members  and  their  interests,  and  the  I.E.E.  was 
not  only  a  scientific  institution,  but  had  also  taken  up  the  idea  of 
protecting  and  supporting  its  members.  The  presence  of  Sir  N.  J. 
Moore  was  a  sign  of  the  times  and  of  their  desire  ;  they  wanted 
him  to  help  them  on  with  the  great  work  they  had  to  do — to 
promote  the  applications  of  electricity  throughout  the  Empire. 
Mr.  Insull  was  a  great  benefactor  to  the  industry,  as  he  had  shown 
them  in  Chicago  the  wonderful  results  that  could  be  attained  in 
the  supply  of  electricity  to  the  community  by  skilful  organisation. 
Mr.  Evans  had  shown  the  desirability  of  capital,  ^^hen  going 
abroad,  conferring  benefits  upon  British  industry  ;  but,  in  the  case 
he,  mentioned,  the  Germans  got  the  English  to  find  the  money, 
while  they  got  the  work. 

Mr.  W.  Duddell,  President  I.E.E.,  responded,  and  in  pointing  ont 
that  the  toast  included  many  other  institutions  besides  the  I.E.E., 
Baid  that  no  country  had  more  institutions  iper  cap.  than  this  ;  it 
would  be  a  great  thing  if  they  could  devise  some  eoheme  of 
co-operation  between  those  bodies.  It  was  not  good  either  for  the 
manufacturer  or  the  consumer  that  goods  should  be  sold  at 
unremunerative  prices,  nor  was  it  good  for  the  institutions  to  work 
without  co-operation. 

Sir  N.  J.  Moore,  Agent-General  for  Western  Australia,  also  reply- 
ini!  to  the  toast,  said  there  was  an  undoubted  commercial  link  with 
the  Dominions  beyond  the  seas  ;  they  never  forgot  that  industry 
was  the  lifeblood  of  commerce,  and  the  Dominions  were  doing  all 
they  could  to  see  that  the  British  manufacturer  had  a  look-in. 
Three-quarters  of  the  trade  of  the  three  Dominions  south  of  the  line 
came  to  England  ;  one  of  them  was  spending  £50  per  cap.  on 
British  goods.  What  was  wanted  besides  capital  and  brains  was 
laboor,  without  which  they  could  not  develop  their  vast  territories. 
Out  of  12  millions'  worth  of  imports,  over  8  millions  came  from 
the  United  Kingdom,  only  £1,100,000  from  Germany,  and  2:f 
millions  from  the  United  States,  All  parties  in  Australia  were  in 
favour  of  preference  and  compulsory  service.  The  preferential 
tariff  applied  to  more  than  half  their  imports.  Between  1906,  when 
preference  was  introduced,  and  1910.  the  electrical  imports  from  the 
United  K!ingdom  had  increased  by  58  per  cent.  There  was  a  strong 
commercial  tie  between  the  L'nited  Kingdom  and  the  Dominions, 
largely  due  to  the  preferential  tariff.  Melbourne  had  placed  orders 
ior  three  millions  :  New  Zealand  was  calling  for  tenders  for  elec- 
trical plant  of  20,000  h.p.  Never  was  there  a  stronger  sentiment  of 
universal  patriotism.  All  the  Dominions  were  preparing  to  share 
in  Imperial  defence — they  were  as  proud  of  the  Empire  as  the 
native  Britons.  Nothing  short  of  national  military  preparation 
sufficed  nowadays,   and  the  British  people  should  consider  closely 


Ihii  reanons  which  led  K<  million*  of  their  brotht^fH  to  adopt  thii 
Jm|>erial  pTiioy. 

Mr.  11.  Hirst,  vice-proiident,  proponed  "Tho  Health  of  the  Chair- 
man,' remarking  that  Lord  Ampthill  wa«  the  diMtin(fQinhed  non  of 
a  (iihtingiiished  father,  and  ha<l  inHcrilje<l  hix  name  on  the  roll  of 
Empire  builders.  With  Lord  Cur/.on,  Lord  Rob<TtH  and  V'iHconnt 
Milner,  he  had  been  relegated  to  the  position  of  a  canual  labrmrer,  in 
the  deliotiiig  society  call'id  the  House  of  Lords.  The  Bhip  of  State 
was  in  tha. hands  of  windy  orators  ;  it  wa«  now  in  omooth  wateni, 
but  what  would  happen  in  time  of  trouble.'  The  manufacturer* 
also  had  been  drifting,  but  Lord  Ampthill  wom  willing  to  help  them, 
and  in  their  wider  aims  he  would  be  a  safe  guide.  He  must  preach 
the  great  difference  between  commerce  and  industry  ;  commerce 
led  to  internationalism,  manufacture  to  nationalism.  It  wa*  pecniiar 
that  every  society  had  some  honour  thrust  upon  it,  but  no  one 
cared  for  the  manufacturer— he  was  left  to  himself.  They  most 
alter  this  state  of  things,  anri  must  organise,  not  trastx,  bat  some 
system  of  universal  co-operation,  so  that  they  could  appear  abroad 
as  a  coherent  unit,  not  as  at  present  a  negligible  quantity.  Lord 
Ampthill  would  lead  the  way  to  success  in  this. 

The  Chairman  briefly  responded  to  the  toast,  expressing  hi* 
appreciation  of  Mr.  Hirst's  remarks.  The  health  of  Mr.  Brace 
Anderson  was  also  honoured,  though,  as  he  pointed  out  in  reply, 
his  name  had  already  been  coupled  with  a  toast. 

During  the  evening  a  short  but  excellent  programme  was  per- 
formed by  Miss  Carrie  Tubb,  Mr.  Herbert  Heyner  and  Mr.  Ernest 
Hastings. 


We  have  received  the  following  summary  of  the  report  of  the 
Council  (Session  1912),  which  was  submitted  at  the  annual  meeting 
held  in  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day  :— 

The  Council,  in  their  confidential  report  issued  to  members 
(which  covered  the  first  year  of  working  under  the  reconstituted 
Association),  recalled  the  main  object  for  which  the  Association 
was  originally  established — namely,  the  fostering  and  protection  of 
the  industry  by  means  of  co-operative  action. 

It  had  appeared  to  them  at  the  outset  that  a  subject  which  most 
urgently  called  for  co-operative  action  was  that  of  getting  agree- 
ment between  members  as  to  the  adoption  of  a  set  of  equitable 
conditions  to  govern,  as  far  as  possible,  the  relations  between 
vendors  and  purchasers  of  large  plant.  That  work,  therefore,  became 
the  first  line  of  action,  and  was  energetically  put  in  hand  last 
January. 

A  moment's  consideration  of  the  mere  scope  of  the  various 
interests  represented  in  the  Association  made  plain  the  extreme 
difficulty  and  complexity  of  that  work.  All  large  contracts  con- 
tained about  40  important  clauses,  each  dealing  with  a  different 
subject-matter  and  bristling  with  contentious  points.  Fortunately, 
a  text  on  which  to  work  was  at  the  disposal  of  the  Association, 
viz.,  the  "  Model  Cieneral  Conditions  of  Contract,"  published  by  the 
Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers.  This  text,  originally  drafted, 
as  it  is  stated,  by  a  firm  of  consulting  engineers,  had  undergone 
amendment  from  time  to  time  as  circumstances  seemed  to  its 
producers  to  require,  and  the  industry  at  large  owed  those  gentle- 
men a  debt  of  gratitude  for  something  in  the  absence  of  which  the 
Association  would  have  been  confronted  at  the  outset  by  a  serious 
difficulty. 

Even  the  briefest  resinne  of  the  work  done  upon  this  text  by  the 
Revising  Committee  of  the  Association  would  have  to  deal  with  an 
immense  mass  of  matter  thrown  off  first  as  between  the  Revising 
Committee  and  the  members  of  the  Association,  and,  secondly.  a» 
between  that  Committee  and  the  other  two  representative  bodies 
chiefly  concerned,  viz.,  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  and 
the  Incorporated  Municipal  Electrical  Association. 

The  Council  were  able  to  announce,  as  a  result,  that  at  the  end  of 
the  year  just  closed,  the  text  of  the  general  conditions  of  contract 
most  commonly  in  use  by  engineering  purchasers  throughout  the 
country  had  been  very  thoroughly  amended  in  line  with  the  require, 
ments  of  the  manufacturers  :  and  they  hoped  that  agreement  on 
that  text  was  within  a  short  distance  of  being  reached  as  between 
the  Association  and  the  kindred  bodies. 

That  this  result  had  been  attained  in  so  short  a  time  was  due 
partly  to  the  unfl^ging  energy  of  the  Revising  Committee,  partlv 
to  the  courtesy  and  assistance  extended  to  the  Association  at  all 
times  by  the  cognate  institutions  concerned  ;  and,  to  some  extent, 
it  should  be  said,  to  the  clear  earnest  of  its  intentions  which  the 
Association  afforded  all  and  sundry  by  printing  and  forthwith 
putting  into  use,  amongst  such  members  as  cared  to  adopt  it,  a  textj 
limited  to  certain  vital  clauses  common  to  all  large  contracts,  as 
soon  as  the  Revising  Committee  had  settled  the  same.  Printed 
copies  of  that  short  text,  of  which  about  4.000  had  been  distributed, 
might  be  had  by  any  member  on  application  to  the  secretary  ;  and 
copies  of  the  complete  text  would  similarly  be  available  at  a  later 
date.     Neither  was  to  be  regarded  as  final. 

Members  of  the  Association  manufacturing  prime  movers  and 
generating  plant  had  long  laboured  under  the  cumbrous  and  waste- 
ful procedure  known  as  cross-tendering,  whereby  sub-contractors 
always  tendered  to  a  main  contractor,  and  he  again  to  the  pur- 
chaser. A  remedy  for  that  bad  been  devised  and  was  embodied  in 
the  agreements  between  members  known  as  cross-tendering  agree- 
ments, under  which  their  signatories,  whether  main  or  sub- 
contractors, now  made  separate  tenders  direct  to  the  purchaser 
without  cognisance  of  each  other's  prices,  thus,  in  a  very  simple 
and  certain  way,  not  only  avoiding  temptations  to  cut  prices,  but 
obviating  fruitless  expenditure  of  much  time  and  trouble. 

A  Committee  dealing  with  the  revision  of  standards  for  electrical 
machinery  commenced  work  last  February.  It«  terms  of  reference 
were  to  consider  what  extensions  and  modifioations  were  necessary 


174 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.72.  No.  i.sse,  January  31, 1913. 


to  the  Engrineerinp  Standards  Committee's  Report  No.  36  on  British 
Standards  for  Electrical  Machinery,  bo  as  to  make  this  a  recognised 
text-book  for  British  engineers  and  manufacturers  corresponding  to 
the  standardisation  rules  respectively  issued  by  the  American  Insti- 
tution of  Electrical  Engineers  and  the  Yerband  Deutscher 
Electrotechniker. 

As  a  result,  the  following  sections  of  the  proposed  rules,  viz.  : — 
II.  Standard  Pressures  and  Frequencies  ;  III.  High-Potential  Tests  ; 
IV,  Classification  of  Machines  ;  V,  Rating  ;  VI,  Overloads  ;  and  VII, 
Heating,  vrere  now  completed,  and  would  shortly  be  presented  to 
the  Engineering  Standards  Committee. 

The  Association  was  reprepented  on  the  various  Sub-Committees 
of  the  Engineering  Standards  Committee  and  on  the  International 
Electrotechnical  Commission,  three  of  the  Special  Committees  of 
which  had  met  recently  in  Ziirich  on  the  subjects,  respectively,  of 
''Symbols,"'  'Rating  of  Electrical  Machinery,"  and  "Prime 
Movei-8." 

Another  Committee  of  the  Association  which  had  made  satis- 
factory progress,  was  that  dealing  with  electrical  accessories. 
Acting  upon  the  recotnmendation  of  the  Panel  of  the  Engineering 
Standards  Committee  dealing  with  electrical  accessories,  a  joint 
conference  had  been  held  under  the  chairmanship  of  Mr.  C.  H. 
Wordingham,  consisting  of  members  of  the  Panel  and  members  of 
the  Association.  The  outcome  was  that  recommendations  had  been 
made  which  would,  in  due  course,  be  presented  to  the  Electrical 
Accessories  Section  of  the  Engineering  Standards  Committee. 

The  recent  important  activities  of  the  Houses  of  Parliament  as 
they  affected  the  Association  were  well  known.  The  National 
Insurance  Act  of  1911,  particularly  Part  2  relating  to  unemployment 
insurance,  threw  a  considerable  amount  of  work  upon  the 
Association,  and  the  secretary  attended  on  several  occasions  before, 
and  otherwise  communicated  with,  the  umpire,  and  argued  cases  on 
behalf  of  members,  securing  in  several  instances  the  exclusion  of 
certain  branches  of  the  industry. 

A  new  Railway  Bill  was  proposed  by  the  Government  during  the 
year,  but  was  dropped  in  favour  of  a  short  one-clause  BUI  which 
was  now  receiving  attention. 

A  Bill  to  obtain  further  powers,  and  to  extend  the  present 
powers  of  municipalities  under  the  Electric  Lighting  Acts  was 
promoted  by  the  Incorporated  Municipal  Electrical  Association, 
which,  it  was  hoped,  might  be  passed  in  a  form  agreeable  to  the 
conflicting  interests. 

During  the  past  12  months  the  Association's  patronage  and 
assistance  had  been  invoked  in  respect  of  many  exhibitions  promoted 
either  by  local  authorities  or  private  enterprise.  As  members  were 
aware,  a  standing  rule  of  the  Association  was  that  members  could 
not  exhibit  except  on  conditions  very  advantageous  to  themselves, 
and  this  rule  was  enforced  in  regard  to  all  such  exhibitions,  with 
the  exception  of  the  forthcoming  Ideal  Home  Exhibition  and  those 
held  at  Islington,  Earl's  Court  (Shakespeare  Exhibition),  Glasgow 
and  Newcastle,  limited,  however,  to  members  who  supplied  heating, 
cooking  and  lighting  apparatus,  for  the  purpose  of  displays  of 
Emoke-abatement  electrical  appliances. 

Arrangements  were  on  foot  for  the  formation  of  a  Joint  Exhibi- 
tion Committee  composed  of  representatives  of  the  Association,  of 
the  Incorporated  Municipal  Electrical  Association,  and  of  the 
supply  companies.  The  terms  of  reference  to  that  Committee 
would  be  to  consider  whether,  and,  if  so,  by  what  means,  agree- 
ment could  be  reached  as  to  the  Association's  attitude  towards  pro- 
posals for  holding  exhibitions,  and  the  nature  of  such  exhibitions, 
having  regard  in  particular  to  the  question  of  avoiding  overlapping 
throughout  the  country. 

The  railway  companies  had  made,  during  the  year,  ceitain  altera- 
tions in  their  rates,  and  prescriptions  as  to  method  of  packing 
goods,  which  affected  a  large  number  of  members.  Switcbgear 
and  electric-heating  stoves  had  both  come  in  for  punishment  last 
year.  A  deputation  of  the  Association,  in  respect  of  the  carriage 
of  Bwitchgear,  would  shortly  visit  the  Railway  Clearing  House,  the 
carriage  of  electric  heating-stoves  having  already  been  the  subject 
of  a  visit  of  a  deputation.  It  was  expected  that  the  points  of  diffi- 
culty in  both  cases  would  shortly  be  satisfactorily  settled. 

As  members  were  aware,  the  Electrical  Contractors'  Association 
was  one  which  took  care  of  the  interests  of  that  increasing  body  of 
trading  contractors  who  acted  as  intermediaries  between  members 
of  the  Association,  the  manufacturers  of  apparatus  and  appliances, 
and  private  customers.  Many  such  contractors  were  in  a  large  way 
of  businees,  and  several  of  them  even  manufactured  lines  of  their 
own,  while,  on  the  other  hand,  several  members  of  the  Association 
confined  themselves  solely  to  selling.  Distinct  lines  of  cleavage 
were  not,  therefore,  easily  drawn,  and  this  might  account,  to  some 
extent,  for  the  difficulty  which  had  apparently  been  experienced  in 
the  past  in  arriving  at  a  complete  understanding  between  the  two 
Associations,  the  respective  members  of  which  were  so  necessary  to 
each  other.  A  Joint  Committee  composed  of  members  of  the 
Association  and  the  Contractors'  Association  was  now,  however, 
discussing  a  set  of  rules  to  govern  the  relations  to  one  another  of  the 
respective  members  of  the  two  Associations. 

During  the  year  the  Publicity  Committee  held  frequent  confer- 
ences with  the  Electricity  Supply  Companies'  Publicity  Committee 
with  a  view  to  devising  a  scheme,  and  a  scheme  was  finally  devised 
and  put  before  the  Council,  for  an  extensive  campaign  of  Press  and 
other  advertising.  That  scheme,  while  it  had  many  merits,  appeared 
of  somewhat  too  ambitious  a  character  for  the  Council's  sanction, 
find  was,  therefore,  rejected. 

Towards  the  close  of  the  year,  unfortunately  too  near  the  close  for 
effective  action,  the  Publicity  Committee  bad  under  consideration 
questions  raised  aa  to  the  usefulnesR  of  the  existing  trade 
directories  covering  the  branches  of  the  industry  represented  in 
the  Association.  Recommendations  made  were  a  little  confusing 
to  the  proprietor")  pf  {.fiepp  workf,  end  action  v  as  left  to  members' 


discretion.  The  subject  would  be  dealt  with  sufficently  early  this 
year  to  admit  of  promise  of  agreement  between  the  Association  and 
those  gentlemen. 

The  Electrical  Trades'  Benevolent  Institution,  a  body  worthy  of 
support,  had  benefited  by  a  contribution  from  the  Association  of 
the  sum  of  £2.50. 

The  number  of  sectional  meetings  held  during  the  year  was  135. 

The  number  of  members  on  the  register  of  the  Association  at  the 
close  of  the  year  was  109,  being  an  increase  of  14  on  the  number 
on  the  register  at  the  close  of  1911. 

Under  Article  17  of  the  Articles  of  Association  five  members 
of  the  Council  retired  as  from  the  date  of  the  annual  general 
meeting,  and,  being  eligible,  offered  themselves  for  re-election. 

Under  Article  25  the  members  of  the  General  Committee  retired, 
and,  being  eligible,  offered  themselves  for  re-election. 

Mr.  T.  Trimnell,  of  123,  Cannon  Street,  London,  had  been 
invited  to  become  industrial  solicitor  to  the  Association  (in 
addition  to  the  Parliamentary  solicitors,  Messrs  Bircham  &  Co.), 
and,  having  accepted  the  invitation,  his  appointment  was 
confirmed. 

Messrs.  Price,  Waterhouse  ^:  Co.,  the  auditors  of  the  Association, 
retired  under  Article  53,  and,  being  eligible,  offered  themselves  for 
re-election. 


LEGAL 


Marconi  Co.'s  Russian  E.xtensions. 

Mr.  Justice  Scrutton,  sitting  as  Commercial  Judge  in  the  King's 
Bench  Division  on  Friday  last,  delivered  his  reserved  judgment  in 
an  action  brought  by  the  Marconi  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd., 
against  Goukassoff  and  another  for  breach  of  contract,  arising  out 
of  negotiations  between  the  English  Marconi  Co.  and  a  Russian 
company,  which,  for  the  purposes  of  tte  action,  was  referred  to 
as  the  Russian  Telegrnph  and  Telephone  Co. 

Mr.  Shearman,  K.C.,  with  Mr.  Stuart  Bevan,  were  for  the 
plaintiffs,  and  Mr.  Cavell  Salter,  K.C.,  M.P..  with  Mr.  W.  S.  Hogg, 
repreeented  the  defendants. 

Mr.  Shearman,  in  opening  the  ca«e,  said  that  the  point  in 
dispute  turned  mainly  upon  the  construction  of  a  document  relating 
to  the  contract  between  the  parties.  The  plaintiff  company  desiring 
to  extend  their  operations  to  foreign  countries,  including  Russia, 
and  thinking  that  combination  was  better  than  opposition, 
approached  the  Russian  Telegraph  and  Telephone  Co.,  which  was 
working  wireless  patents  invented  by  Bieenstein.  Negotiations 
were  begun  in  1910  for  working  with  the  company  or  buying  it 
out  entirely,  and  a  scheme  was  suggested  by  which  the  plaintiff 
company  was  to  purchase  sufficient  shares  to  secure  a  con- 
trolling interest  in  the  Russinn  company.  Capt.  Adrian 
Simpson,  acting  under  the  instructions  of  Mr.  (iodfrey 
Isaacs,  the  managing  director  of  the  Marconi  Co.,  went  over  to  St. 
Petersburg  and  commenced  negotiations  with  Mr  Tischenko,  under 
whose  control  were  the  majority  of  the  Russian  company's  shares. 
Mr.  Tischenko,  on  October  16th,  came  over  to  England  and  com- 
pleted the  transaction.  All  the  documents  were  handed  over  as 
against  cash.  The  document  which  was  the  cause  of  the  dispute, 
was  signed  by  Tischenko,  and  said  : — "P.  O.  Goukassoff  4:  Co.,  repre- 
sented by  myself ,  hereby  bind  themselves  by  every  means  to  promote 
the  success  of  the  Russian  company,  and  not  to  take  part,  directly 
or  indirectly,  in  any  other  similar  companies  in  Russia.  At  the  same 
time,  they  hereby  bind  themselves,  in  the  event  of  their  wishing  to 
sell  the  shares  of  the  Russian  company  belonging  to  thtm  of  the 
nominal  value  of  340,000  roubles,  to  give  to  the  English  company  a 
preferential  right  to  purchase  all  those  shares  on  the  same  condi- 
tions, and  at  the  same  rate,  as  may  be  offered  for  those  shares  by 
other  persons  or  institutions.'  The  whole  object  of  the  plaintiff 
company  was  to  obtain  complete  control  over  the  Russian  company, 
and  they  did  not  want  those  shares  to  get  into  the  hands  of  other 
people,  who,  as  in  this  matter,  were  holding  them  for  the  purpose 
of  trying  to  persuade  and  squeeze  the  plaintiff  company  to  buy  them 
at  a  prodigious  price.  In  order  that  they  might  not  be  put  at  the 
mercy  of  Stock  Exchange  manipulation  by  outside  purcha.serB,  they 
stipulated  that  if  Tischenko  got  an  offer  for  the  shares  from  anyone 
else,  before  selling  them  he  was  to  give  the  plaintiffs  an  option  of 
taking  them.  What  happened  was  that  Tischenko  negotiated  for 
the  sale  of  the  shares.  He  said  he  wanted  capital  for  other  purposes. 
They  were  offered  to  theplaintiffs  on  the  Stock  Exchange  at  a  low  rate, 
and  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs  made  a  low  bid  for  them  of  220,000  roubles. 
He  was,  however,  not  successful.  He  (counsel)  thought  the 
facts  would  turn  out  as  follows  :  Somebody  desirous  of  speculating 
in  the  shares  approached  the  owners  and  made  a  substantial  bid  for 
them.  Tischenko  offered  the  shares  to  Capt.  Simpson  late  one  night 
in  St.  Petersburg  at  what  was  called  10  per  cent,  under  par,  and 
gave  him  only  3ri  hours  in  which  to  decide.  The  moment  that  was 
refused,  Tischenko  conceived  himself  at  liberty  to  sell  the  shares  to 
someone  else,  although  the  offer  he  made  to  the  plaintiffs  did  not 
represent  any  valid  offer  that  had  been  made  to  him.  He  sold  them 
to  other  persons,  who  were  now  demanding  a  large  premium  if 
plaintiffs  wanted  to  buy  them.  The  plaintiffs  submitted  that 
Tischenko  had  bound  himself  down  by  the  document.  They  did 
not  know  who  had  bought  the  shares,  but  they  were  held  by  a 
broker  named  Baruch,  against  whom  there  was  a  second  action. 
All  plaintiffs  knew  was  that  a  two-man  company  had  been 
registered  to  deal  with  the  shares,  and  they  were  now  being  offered 
to  the  plaintiffs  at  300  roubles  for  every  100-ronble  phftre,    Tbey 


Vol.72.    No.  1,830,  January  .ll,  1913.]       THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


175 


had  obviouBljr  beon  bought  for  tbo  Hpcciflc  ptirpono  of  putting 
proBBuro  on  plaintilTB  to  buy  them,  which  wrh  one  of  the  thhiRHthey 
wore  Beokint;  to  prevent,  lie  Bubmitted  that  what  ha<l  taken  place 
amounted  to  a  broach  of  controot.  IIo  diii  not,  however.  BU^'ifrHt 
that  TiBchonko  wau  not  a  perfectly  h9nourable  man.  I'laintillB 
did  not  want  to  spend  any  more  money  nt  the  priBcnt,  but  they 
dchired  to  previuit  the  BhareB  gettinti;  into  flie  liandrt  of  a  hoBtilo 
prroup.  In  UuHhia,  a  ^rft  many  tliin(;s  could  only  be  done  by  a 
company  if  thcr<:  waB  n  7r>  per  cent,  majority,  and  plaintillB  only 
hold  i'lO  i>er  cent,  of  the  BhareB.  I'laintitl'H  claimrd  dnniai^cB  for 
breach  of  contract,  .said  counRol,  and  the  UBual  mcaHure  of  damafifes 
would  be  what  the  plaintilTB  would  have  to  pay  in  the  market  for 
the  shares,  but  there  were  hardly  any  Rhares  to  be  had. 

Mb.  QdDKKKV  Charles  Lsaacs,  the  manogini;  director  of  the 
Marconi  Co.,  Haid  that  nef^otiations  in  I'.ilO  came  to  nothing,  but 
in  September,  1911,  Mr.  Tiecbonko  saw  him  in  London,  when 
further  necrotiations  took  place.  He,  Mr.  Tischcnko,  su^rfrestcd 
writinjj  the  letter  of  October  liith,  (jivintf  plaintiffs'  company  a 
preferential  ripfht  to  purchase  the  ;i,-ioO  shares.  The  first  offer 
submitted  to  him  in  respect  of  those  shares  was  from  .Solomon  and 
Co.,  stockbroker.s,  on  September  27th,  \'.H2.  They  first  telephoned 
to  him  sayinff  they  had  a  largo  block  of  Russian  shares  to  offer, 
and  a  correspondence  took  place  on  the  subject.  At  the  beginninfj 
of  April,  1912,  he  purchased  700  shares  at  100  roubles  each,  and 
others  were  offered  afterwards.  If  he  had  been  able  to  secure 
defendants' shares  it  would  have  given  his  company  just  over  7")  per 
cent,  of  the  shares  of  the  Russian  company,  sufficient  for  the 
control  of  it. 

In  cross-examination,  he  said  that  as  early  as  October  13th 
Tischenko  had  agreed  to  give  the  plaintiffs  a  preferential  right  to 
purchase  the  shares,  although  his  letter  of  the  14th  made  no  refer- 
ence to  the  option.  He  was  given  to  understand  that  Tischenko 
was  doing  things  separately.  lie  did  not  remember  having  had 
shares  offered  to  him  before  February  20lh,  but  he  wrote  to  Capt. 
Simpson  en  that  date  stating  that  he  had  been  approached  by  a 
firm  of  stockbrokers  with  an  offer  of  3,200  shares  then  held  by 
Tischenko,  and  he,  witness,  had  offered  220,000  roubles  for  them 
which  had  not  been  accepted.  They  were  offered  by  the  stock- 
brokers at  par,  which  was  320,000  roubles.  The  shares  were  offered 
about  March  4th  for  280,000  roubles,  but  he  declined  them.  The 
Russian  company  owed  the  plaintiffs  a  good  deal.  The  business  of 
the  Russian  company  was  so  la^ge  that  the  plaintiff  company  had 
to  advance  considerable  sums  of  money  to  finance  it.  Its  businefs 
was  entirely  with  the  Russian  Government,  and  with  every  order 
they  had  to  pay  25  per  cent,  deposit  for  the  fulfilment  of  the  order. 
The  payments  from  the  Russian  Government  were  often  very  long 
delayed.  Plaintiff  company  were  creditors  of  the  Russian  company 
for  £20,000,  and  £40,000  in  Russian  bonds  had  been  lent  to  them. 

Captain  Adrian  Francis  Huc;h  Si.mpson,  managing  director 
of  the  Russian  Wireless  Co.,  said  that  he  was  previously  engaged  by 
the  English  Marconi  ("o.  in  Russia,  and  that  while  there  he  had 
negotiated  with  Tischenko.  He  and  .Mr.  Isaacs  afterwards  saw 
Tischenko  in  London,  when  further  negotiations  took  place  with 
regard  to  the  option,  but  eventually  he  heard  from  others  that 
Tischenko  would  not  give  him  the  option.  His  company  had  been 
purchasing  all  the  shares  they  could  at  reasonable  prices. 

In  cross-examination,  the  witness  said  that  he  held  a  power 
of  Attorney  in  Russia  from  the  Marconi  Co.  When  he,  on 
jMaroh  5th,  saw  Mr.  Tischenko,  he  reminded  him  of  the  engage- 
mint  as  to  the  option.  Mr.  Tischenko  made  a  verbal  offer  and 
asked  witness  to  telegraph  to  London,  saying  that  he  would  be 
prepared  to  sell  his  shares  at  pal,  less  10  per  cent.  Later  in  the 
day  he  repeated  the  offer  in  writing.  Witness  agreed  that  on 
Jlaroh  14th,  Mr.  Tischenko  was  informed  by  him  that  his  company 
would  be  willing  to  take  the  shares  at  90  per  cent.,  but  on  the 
following  day  he  heard  that  the  shares  had  been  sold. 

Mr.  Salter  said  that  the  offer  vvas  made  too  late. 

Mr.  George  Tischenko,  called  for  the  defence,  stated  that  he 
was  managing  partner  in  the  firm  of  Goukassoft'  &  Co.,  and  was 
chairman  of  the  Russian  company.  The  option  was  not  mentioned 
until  nearly  everything  in  connection  with  the  arrangement  had 
been  settled,  but  when  Mr.  Isaacs  asked  him  to  give  the  option  he 
said  he  would  do  so  with  pleasure.  When  Capt.  Simpson  reminded 
him  while  at  St.  Petersburg  of  the  document,  he  had  forgotten  it, 
although  he  had  often  spoken  of  selling  his  shares  at  the  board 
meetings.  Capt.  Simpson  knew  of  the  offers  he  had  received  for 
the  shares.  Capt.  Simpson  afterwards  bargained  on  behalf  of  the 
Marconi  Co.  for  the  shares,  but  nothing  was  agreed,  and  he  was 
compelled  to  sell  to  the  broker,  Baruch,  for  288,000  rouble?.  He 
did  not  know  who  the  buyers  were,  and  he  wanted  the  money  im- 
mediately for  business  purposes. 

In  cross-examination  by  Me.  Shearman,  Witness  stated  that  he 
did  not  know  who  had  got  the  shares  or  whether  Mr.  Baruch  was 
the  holder  of  them  himself. 

Counsel  having  addressed  the  Covirt  on  the  evidence, 

His  Lordship  said  that  his  difficulty  was  that  he  did  not  know 
who  had  got  the  shares  now.  In  reserving  judgment  his  Lordship 
added  that  it  was  obvious  that  there  would  be  judgment  against 
the  defendants  for  damages,  but  if  before  Friday  morning,  when 
he  proposed  to  give  judgment,  sufficient  shares  could  be  got  under 
the  control  of  the  plaintiff  company  it  might  make  a  difference. 

There  was  a  secon4  action  by  the  Marconi  Co.  against  Mr. 
Baruch,  against  whom  damages  were  claimed  on  the  ground  that 
he  had  induced  Goukassoff  to  break  the  contract  with  the 
plaintiffs,  the  question  being  whether  at  the  time  he  completed  the 
sale,  he  knew  of  the  option  given  by  Goukassoff  &  Co.  to  the 
plaintiffs. 

The  Defendant  having  given  evidence  to  the  effect  that  he  knew 
nothing  of  the  option  before  the  completion  of  the  sale, 

Mu.  Shearman  said  he  could  carry  the  case  nc  further. 


His  Lordship  accordingly  gavo  judirmcnt  for  tho  defendant. 

HiB  LouDsiiip  in  giving  judgment  in  tho  com;  ogainHt  Meanrii. 
GonkoBBofT  A:  TiHchenko,  naid  that,  in  the  (Irhl  place,  the  defrndonto 
pleaded  that  there  had  been  no  conkidctration  for  the  agrmrment 
undor  whi(;h  they  undertook  to  inuko  an  offer  of  the  nhan-H  ti>  the 
plaintiffH  before  Belling  thim  to  anyone  cIbo,  at  the  prici:  which  the 
other  buyer  offered  ;  but  he  had  come  to  the  concluHion  ujKm  thi; 
whole  of  the  docuiiieiitB  that  there  wan  uonHideration.  The  defendants, 
in  the  Hccoiid  place,  contented  the  meaning  of  the  ogreement,  and 
said  that  it  was  merely  an  offer  to  the  .Mnrconi  Co.  of  the  uhareB  before 
Belling  them  to  another  jjerson,  but  he  did  not  bo  read  the  document. 
The  object  of  th(t  agr(«ment  wvlh  that  they  should  give  the  Marconi 
Co.  the  option  of  taking  the  shares  at  tho  same  rate  ax  others 
offered  for  them.  In  his  view,  the  defendantB  were  entitled  to  Hell, 
but  they  must  have  a  himn-tuh  offer  from  a  buyer,  and  before  gell- 
ing muflt  offer  the  shares  to  the  Marconi  Co.  as  offered  by  the 
other  person,  and  must  allow  a  reasonable  time  for  aece|)tance. 
The  Mnrconi  Co.  were  not  lK)und  to  buy  unless  they  were  informed 
of  an  outside  oiler,  and  they  were  therefore  entitled  to  damagec, 
and  having  regard  to  the  poHition  of  the  RuHsian  company  he 
assessed  the  damages  at  £ii,000,  for  which  sum  he  gave  judgment, 
with  costs. 


The  Graetzin  Lamp  Agency.— Jcdcment. 

Mr  Justice  Scrutton,  sitting  as  Commercial  Judge  in  the 
King's  Bpnch  Division  on  January  24th,  gave  judgment  in  the 
action  of  Braunstein  r.  Graet/,  in  which  the  plaintiff,  Mr.  Bernard 
Braunstein,  a  manufacturer's  agent,  of  Carthusian  Street,  F^ondon, 
claimed  damages  from  Mr.  Max  Graetz,  the  patentee  of  theGraelzin 
lamps,  trading  in  Berlin  as  Ehric  k,  Graetz,  for  breach  of  agree- 
ment of  agency  for  the  sale  of  electric  and  gas  lamps  and  fittings. 

His  LoRr.sHiP,  in  giving  judgment,  said  that  the  plaintiff  had 
for  some  years  carried  on  business  in  London  as  agent  for  the  sale 
of  electric  and  gas  lamps  and  fittings,  and  had  for  some  time  been 
acHng  as  agent  for  the  defendant  in  this  country  under  an  agree - 
mpnt  which  stipulated  that  he  was  to  have  the  sole  agency  for  a 
period  of  years.  In  December,  1908,  the  defendant  arranged  with 
the  plaintiff  to  take  up  the  sole  agency  for  his  lamps  and  fittings 
upon  an  agreement  which  provided  that  if  he  was  able  to  sell 
£5,000  worth  of  the  Graetzin  lamps  within  a  year,  the  agency 
would  be  extended  for  another  year,  and  if  in  the  second  year  he 
was  able  to  sell  £10,000  worth,  he  was  to  have  the  exclusive  right 
for  a  further  period  of  five  years.  The  business  was  very 
successful,  and  the  plaintiff  became  entitled  to  the  long(  r 
period  of  agency.  In  the  first  year  of  the  contract,  a 
large  order  was  given  by  the  Welsbach  Co.,  in  which  they  offered  o 
to  sell  500,000  lamps  on  condition  that  no  other  firm  in  the  United 
Kingdom  should  be  supplied  with  the  lamps  at  less  than  5  per  cent, 
above  the  price  at  which  they  were  supplied  to  the  Welsbach  Cr, 
The  Welsbach  Co.  exceeded  their  amount  in  the  first  year  of  the 
agreement,  and  in  the  second  year  they  agreed  to  purchase  ."lOO.OO  i 
lamps  to  be  marked  with  the  Welsbach  name.  The  plaintiff  agre.  d 
to  this,  and  the  turnover  again  exceeded  the  order.  For  varioi  s 
reasons  the  Welsbach  orders  were  discontinued,  and  subsequently, 
with  the  plaintiff's  consent,  an  agreement  was  entered  into  with 
Krupka  *:  Jacoby,  under  which  they  were  to  take  a  fixed  amount  of 
the  goods.  The  plaintiff's  agreement  was  affected  by  the  arrange- 
ment, but  it  was  compensated  for  by  an  arrangement  with  regard  to 
the  sale  to  other  persons.  It  appeared  that  early  in  1912.  Krupka 
and  Jacoby's  sales  hardly  reached  the  minimum  for  the  first  year, 
and  without  tie  knowledge  or  consent  of  the  plaintiff,  an  agree- 
ment was  entered  into  by  the  defendant  with  Krupka  &  Jacoby  for 
the  whole  of  the  electric  lamp  business,  leaving  the  plaintiff  with 
only  the  gas  business,  the  agency  for  which  terminated  in  January 
of  this  year.  By  the  agreement  with  Krupka  &  Jacoby.  a  com- 
pany was  to  be  formed,  and  it  was  contemplated  that  that  company 
should  deal  with  both  branches  of  the  defendant's  business. 
Kjupka  &  Jacoby  were  to  be  the  managing  directors  of  the  com- 
pany for  a  period  of  five  years.  The  plaintiff  was  not  told  of 
that  agreement,  although  letters  were  passing  between  him 
and  the  defendant  relative  to  the  business.  He  did 
not  know  what  was  being  done  until  June,  1912, 
when  the  defendant  wrote  to  Krupka  -t  Jacoby,  stating  that 
defendant  was  cancelling  the  agreement  with  them  as  from  July, 
1912.  He  (Mr.  Justice  Scrutton)  had  considerable  doubts  as  to  the 
hma  fidr.-i  of  the  letter,  which  was  not  shoTn  to  the  plaintiff  until 
some  time  afterwards.  The  plaintiff  had,  in  the  meantime,  been 
asking  for  new  price  lists,  and  he  did  not  receive,  until  August 
26th,  the  information  that  the  defendant  had  arranged  with  Krupka 
and  Jacoby  to  give  them  the  exclusive  sale  of  the  goods,  and 
asking  him  not  to  obtain  further  orders.  His  Lordship  then,  at 
considerable  length,  dealt  with  the  bearing  of  the  German  and 
English  law  upon  the  question  of  agency,  it  having  been  pleaded 
by  the  defendant  that  under  the  German  law  the  plaintiff  could  not 
recover,  as  there  was  in  German  law  no  such  thing  as  sole  agency. 
He  said  that  upon  the  authorities,  and  the  evidence,  he  came  to 
the  conclusion  that  as  tho  contract  was  made  in  Berlin,  and  the 
goods  were  supplied  from  Berlin,  although  the  agency  was  carried 
out  in  England  it  came  within  the  German  law.  The  interpreta- 
tion of  the  contract  was  governed  by  the  German  law,  and  the 
idea  of  an  agency  for  the  exclusive  sale  of  goods  was  almost  un- 
known in  German  law.  Another  point  of  importance  was  that 
when  agents  and  principals  disagreed  as  to  the  interpretation  of  a 
contract,  the  agent  could  not,  under  the  German  law,  bring  an 
action  without  having  first  obtained  a  declaration,  and  the  agent, 
according  to  the  expert  evidence,  could  not  complain  of  trading 
by  other  agents  within  his  area.  He  found  that  the  second  agree- 
ment   was    a    breach     of     the     plaintiff's    rights    so    far    as    it 

E 


176 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.      [VoL72.    No.  l, 836,  January  si,  1913. 


excluded  plaintiffs  action  us  agent  in  his  district.  He  (the  .ludpe) 
would  have  held,  under  the  English  law,  that  the  defendant  had  no 
riirht  to  cancel  the  contract,  and  that  Krupka  tt  Jacoby  had  no 
rijjht  to  make  the  contract  without  plaintiff's  consent,  and  he  would 
have  (jiven  judfrmeut  lor  the  plaintiff  on  the  claim,  and  assessed  the 
damages  at  £2, Sun.  He  held,  however,  that,  by  German  law.  the 
plaintiff  was  not  entitled  to  daiuai^es,  but  he  was  entitled  fq  ^ 
declaration  that  the  contract  was  a  subsisting;  contract,  The 
plaintiff  was  not  entitled,  under  the  German  law.  to  an  exclusive 
right  of  sale  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  but  he  was  entitled  to  a 
commission  of  ."  per  cent,  on  all  goo<ls  sold  in  his  district.  The 
defendant  was  not  entitled  to  exclude  plaintiff  from  carrying  on 
business  in  his  district  or  to  prevent  him  from  taking  orders.  With 
regard  to  costs,  his  Lordship  said  that,  although  plaintiff  had  failed 
as  to  damages,  he  was  entitled  to  a  declaration,  and  he  would  have 
half  the  taxed  costs. 

The  form  in  which  the  judgment  should  be  entered  was  left  for 
fnture  discussion. 


THE     L.B.     AND     S.C.      RAILWAY 
ELECTRIFICATION. 


EoiNBirROH  Tkamway  Guard  Case. 

The  First  Division  of  the  Court  of  Session  has  refused  a  Bill  of 
Exceptions,  applied  the  verdict,  and  found  defenders  entitled  to 
expenses  in  the  case  in  which  a  lady  sued  the  Edinburgh  and 
District  and  Tramways  Co.  for  damages  for  personal  injuries.  When 
Lord  Hunter  and  a  jury  tried  the  case  in  June  last,  the  jury  returned 
a  verdict  for  defenders.  The  pursuer's  case  was  that  she  took  up  a  posi- 
tion in  order  to  get  clear  of  a  cable  car,  but  that  when  the  car 
was  halfway  past  her  the  lower  part  of  her  skirt  was  caught  by  the 
vertical  stay  on  the  car.  As  a  result  of  her  injuries,  her  left  leg 
had  to  be  amputated.  She  maintained  that  if  there  had  been  side 
guards  on  the  car  the  accident  would  have  been  avoided.  Defenders 
denied  that  the  side  guards  were  necessary,  and  stated  that  the 
pursuer  in  a  preoccupied  manner  walked  against  the  side  of  the  car, 
with  the  result  that  she  was  thrown  down.  Lord  Hunter  charged 
the  jury  to  the  effect  that  if  they  came  to  be  of  opinion  that  the 
pursuer's  carelessness  contributed  to  the  accident,  they  must  return 
a  verdict  for  defenders,  and  that  the  question  as  to  their  opinion 
with  reference  to  the  propriety  of  having  side-guards  or  not  was 
immaterial.  His  Lordship  refused  the  reciuest  of  pursuer's  counsel 
to  give  the  direction  that  even  if  there  was  carelessness  the  company 
could  be  held  liable  if  the  jury  were  of  opinion  that  reasonable  care 
on  their  part  would  have  prevented  the  accident,  and  it  was  to 
decide  this  point  that  the  case  came  before  the  First  Division.  The 
Lord  President  said  that  he  was  of  opinion  that  Lord  Hunter  had 
rightly  refused  the  direction,  as  he  thought  it  would  have  been 
either  a  wrong  direction,  or,  at  least,  a  misleading  one.  Supposing 
the  case  was  that  the  pursuer  was  standing,  not  in  the  tramway 
line,  but  in  the  vicinity  of  it,  and  that  she  had  by  no  fault  of  her 
own  been  violently  thrown  on  the  tramway  lines  through  the  fault 
of  somebody  else  coming  up  behind  her,  or  through  the  pressure  of 
the  crowd  or  something  of  that  sort,  and  she  had  been  run  over, 
that  would  have  raised  the  question  whether  the  tramway  company 
should  have  had  a  side  guard.    The  other  Judges  concurred. 


Ellis  <.  Osbam  Lamp  Works,  Ltd. 

■With  reference  to  the  report  of  this  case  in  out  last  issne,  Mr. 
F.  Samuelson,  of  7lA,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.C.,  writes  as 
follows  : — 

"  As  solicitor  to  the  defendants  in  the  above  action,  I  beg  to 
point  out  an  inaccuracy  which  occurs  in  the  report  published  in 
your  last  issue.  In  such  report  it  is  stated  that  the  counterclaim 
(which  was  in  respect  of  dilapidations  to  the  premises)  was  dis- 
missed without  costs.  As  a  matter  of  fact  this  counterclaim  was 
not  dismissed,  the  sum  of  £7  was  awarded  to  the  defendants  in 
respect  thereof,  but  no  costs  were  allowed  in  respect  of  the  counter- 
claim. May  I  ask  you  to  be  good  enongh  to  insert  this  correction 
in  your  next  issue  .'  " 


Breach  of  Electricity  Regnlations.— At  Leigh,  on 

Monday,  the  Howebridge  Spinning  Co.  pleaded  guilty  to  a  breach 
of  Clause  i:i  of  the  electricity  regulations  of  the  Factory  and  Work- 
chops  Act  of  1901.  Mr.  J.  Owner,  H.M,  Inspector  of  Factories, 
said  that  a  man  named  Hesketh  was  using  a  portable  electric  lamp 
when  he  received  a  shock.  There  wa-s  a  danger  when  handling  the 
apparatus,  whilst  standing  on  a  wet  floor,  of  electricity  pasxing 
through  the  man's  body  and  causing  death.  The  apparatus  in  the 
case  wa.s  liable  to  become  charged  with  electricity  at  a  prefsure  of 
1.30  volts,  which  was  sufficient  to  caufe  death.  Defendants  were 
fined  £"j  and  costs. 

The  Kadiiim  Institote.— The  lirst  report  of  the  work 

carried  out  at  thf  Institute  up  to  December  31st,  l'.il2,  deals  with 
the  results  of  :.ls  cases  treated  by  radium  or  its  emanation  ;  :!9 
received  prophylactic  irradiation  only  ;  ii3  were  apparently  cured  ; 
28  were  cured  :  245  were  improved  ;  70  were  not  improved  ;  88 
abandoned  treatment ;  and  :,:,  are  dead.  The  cases  treated  were  in 
i.o  instance  selected.  Many  of  the  patients  had  exhausted  all  the 
known  resources  of  medicine  and  surgery,  their  condition  being 
almont  hupele&i. 


Thk  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Brighton  Railway  stated  in  the 
half-yearly  report  that  they  had  decided  to  proceed  with  tin 
electrical  equipment  of  the  whole  of  their  subiirban  system  com 
prised  within  the  area  extending  from  London  to  Croydon,  Purley, 
and  Coulsdon,  and  from  London  and  Sutton  to  Cheam,  and 
that  active  steps  were  being  taken  towards  the  execution  of  the 
work. 

The  board  arrived  at  this  decision  after  careful  investigation  of 
the  conditionB  governing  the  suburban  traffic,  in  view,  more 
especially  of  the  excellent  results  obtained  from  the  limited  electric 
service  now  running,  and  of  the  steady  growth  of  the  competition 
for  this  traflBc  by  other  means  of  transport. 

The  present  electric  service  has  been  operated  electrically  for  over 
three  years  on  the  single-phase  system  with  every  satisfaction. 

As  is  well  known,  the  introduction  of  electric  traction  on  the 
South  London  line  resulted  in  the  number  of  passengers  not  only 
being  brought  back  to  that  originally  carried  by  steam  before  the 
competition  of  electric  tramways  first  started,  but  in  an  increase 
of  about  2.000.000  passengers,  making  a  total  of  about  10,000,000 
per  annum,  with  a  corresponding  increase  in  revenue. 


Plan  Showing  the  Routes  Wuici 
TO  Electrify, 


IT  IS  Proposed 


Little  or  no  alteration  in  the  fares  was  made  when  electric 
traction  was  introduced,  so  that  the  increase  in  receipts  was  prac- 
tically proportional  to  the  increase  in  passengers  carried. 

On  the  Victoria-Crystal  Palace  line  competition  had  not  been  felt 
BO  severely,  in  consequence  of  the  distances  being  longer  and 
of  the  tramway  and  motor-omnibus  services  not  having  been  so 
extensively  run  in  this  region  as  in  the  area  served  by  the  South 
London  line.  At  the  same  time  the  increa.se  in  traffic  during  the 
first  18  months  of  service  has  been  most  remarkable,  and  there  is 
no  doubt  that  before  deciding  on  the  larger  scheme  the  directors 
must  have  satisfied  themselves  as  regards  the  increase  in  traOio 
brought  about  by  electrification. 

The  sections  to    be    electrified   comprise   four   tracks    between 
Balham  and  Croydon  and   Bricklayers'   Arms  (just  north  of  New 
Cross)  and   Croydon  ;    three  tracks  between  Loudon  Bridge  and  ^ 
Bricklayers'  Arms ;  four  tracks  from  Croydon  to  Parley,  the  remaiaKj| 
ing  sections  being  two-track  roads. 

The  electrification  so  far  carried  out,  including  all  siding?, ' 
expressed  in  miles  of  single  track,  at  the  present  moment  amounts 
to  70  miles.  The  fection  now  proposed  to  be  electrified,  reduced 
to  single  track  and  including  sidings,  amounts  to  nearly  LIO 
miles,  thus  bringing  up  the  total  electrification  to  2'M  miles 
which  will  constitute  by  far  the  largest  electrification  ever  under-, 
taken  by  a  railway  company  in  this  country. 

The  present  rolling  stock,  as  far  as  the  electrical  equipment  is 
>aoncerned,  consists  of  BO  motor  coaches,  and  in  round  figures 
another  200  motor  coaches  will  be  required  to  operate  the 
extensions. 


Vol.72.  No. i,8;ir.,  jANiiAiiYii, i9i;i.i    'rifi-:   i:li-x;tkical  kiivfkw. 


177 


It  in  intcroHtiiiK  to  notn  thut  thu  mipiily  of  electricity  from  the 
Ijondon  Klootric  Sujiply  Corporation  Iiiih  provfiil  no  Botinfttctory, 
that  it  iH  inloiidi'd  to  piircliiiHo  all  tho  elrotrlcity  DMinircd  for 
oporatinif  tlio  Hubiirbiiii  h^nU  in  from  thlH  company,  which  will 
moan  tlic  inHtullulion  of  adilitional  plant  of  Homcthinjr  like  10,000 
to  r)(»,uO()  KW.,  thiiH  makinif  the  company'H  plant  at  Dcptford, 
inoludini;  it«  prenont  cquipmnnt,  ono  of  thu  larifcnt  in  thin  country. 

Tho  principal  reaHonH  which  inflnoncKl  the  BriKhlon  Co.  to  adopt 
the  MinirlD-phaso  Hyntoni,  with  tho  nucpHHity,  in  thc^ir  opinion,  of 
not  having:  a  third  rail,  and  their  opinion  that  in  the  near  future  it 
would  1)0  neccsBary  to  extend  tho  electrification  as  far  aH  Brighton 
and  lCaatl)0urne. 

As  reRards  tho  lirst  reason,  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  this 
seenia  to  appeal  to  every  railway,  as  well  as  that  the  overhead 
system  i.s  jjoint;  to  be  adoptc<l  in  connection  with  continuous- 
current  traction.  This  is  the  more  interestinjf,  as  it  was  the  over- 
head construction  which  was  attacked  by  the  opponents  of  the 
sinule-phaso  system. 

Aa  retrards  the  question  of  long-distance  electrification,  all 
authorities  are  practically  agreed  that  in  that  case  the  single-phase 
system  possesses  the  greatest  advantages. 

The  decision  of  the  Brighton  Co.  to  extend  this  electrification 
and  their  satisfaction  with  the  single-phase  system  only  confirms 
the  experience  of  the  Prussian  Government  and  of  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  Railway  in  America. 

The  whole  of  this  extensive  work  is  expected  to  be  completed 
within  four  years,  the  plans  and  details  being  complete,  so  that  the 
actual  work  can  be  started  at  once. 

It  is  greatly  to  the  credit  of  the  Brighton  Co.'s  directors  that 
they  have  now  decided  to  adopt  the  forward  policy,  and  proceed 
with  one  of  the  largest  schemes  of  electric  traction  at  present 
proposed  in  this  country. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Consular  Notes. — Brazil. — An  American  Consular 
report  states  that  the  Brazilian  Covernment  has  decided  to  erect 
wireless  telegraph  stations  in  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Santa  Catharina, 
Sao  Thome,  Cruzeiro  do  Sul,  Senna  Madureira,  Rio  Branco,  Sao 
Luiz  de  Caceras  and  Porto  Mustinho.  Steps  are  being  taken  to 
organise  a  general  scheme  of  radio-telegraphy,  both  on  the  coast  and 
in  the  interior. 

Norway. — The  American  Consul  at  Christiania  reports  that 
Det  Norske  Nitridaktieselskab,  which  was  formed  in  Christiania 
recently  with  a  capital  of  £5.50.000  fully  subscribed,  to  produce 
sulphate  of  ammonia  from  the  atmosphere,  will  adopt  the  method 
of  the  Austrian  engineer.  Dr.  Serpek.  The  invention  has  been 
developed  by  a  French  company,  Societe  Cenerale  des  Nitrures,  and 
the  patent  right  for  Norway  has  been  acquired  by  the  Norske 
Aktieselskab  for  Elektrokemisk  Industri.  The  new  company  has 
been  started  jointly  by  French  and  Norwegian  interests.  Con- 
struction of  the  mill  was  to  begin  immediately  after  the  formation 
of  the  company,  and  production  was  anticipated  to  start  in  the 
autumn  of  19U.  At  first  10,000  HP.  will  be  used,  to  be  increased 
later  to  2.5,000  h.p.  The  power  will  be  supplied  by  the  Aktieselskab 
Arendals  Fossekompaui.  The  annual  output  is  calculated  to  exceed 
40,000  tons  of  sulphate  of  ammonia. 

This  Consul  also  reports  that  the  new  wireless  telegraph  station 
opened  on  September  1st  at  Rundemanden,  near  Bergen,  is  the 
third  large  Norwegian  Government  station  :  a  fourth  will  probably 
be  established  at  Tryvaudshoiden,  near  Christiania.  Norway  has 
also  a  number  of  smaller  establishments  doing  excellent  work.  The 
Government's  first  land  wireless  stations  were  the  two  bailt  in 
Lofoten  in  I'.iO.^and  Ui06,  which  since  their  establishment  have  been 
among  the  busiest  in  the  world,  successfully  sending  and  receiving 
some  6,000  telegrams  a  month.  In  1905  the  navy,  after  equipping 
its  ships  with  wireless  apparatus,  established  two  stations,  the  Tjomo 
and  the  Flekkero.  and  operated  them  until  a  couple  of  years  ago, 
when  they  were  tranferred  to  the  Telegraph  Board.  In  the  autumn 
of  1910  the  Viiro  station  at  Lofoten  was  opened,  and  there  are  now 
five  coast  stations  in  operation  besides  the  three  large  stations.  The 
first  steps  towards  building  the  Rundemanden  station  were  made  in 
1909,  when  a  joint  commission  of  military  and  telegraph  experts 
examined  the  districts  around  Bergen  with  the  view  of  establishing 
a  large  station  for  the  west  coast.  Rundemanden  was  selected 
chiefly  for  military  reasons,  being  within  the  circle  protected  by 
the  fortifications  of  Bergen.  Some  years  ago  the  American  com- 
pany, which  is  mining  coal  at  Spitzbergen,  applied  to  the  Norwegian 
Government  for  a  concession  to  build  a  wireless  telegraph  station 
on  the  island  and  keep  up  connection  with  an  establishment  on  the 
coast  of  Norway.  It  being  against  the  principles  of  the  general 
director  of  the  telegraph  of  Norway,  Mr.  Heftye,  to  recommend 
this  kind  of  concession,  he  proposed  instead  that  the  Norwegian 
Government  should  build  a  station  at  Spitzbergen  and  one  at  Ingo, 
in  Finmarken,  and  thus  supply  the  necessary  connection  with  the' 
far  Arctic  Island.  This  propo.sition  was  acted  upon  by  the  Govern- 
ment, and  £12,000  appropriated  therefor.  _  The  purpose  of  the 
coast  stations  is  partly  to  connect  the  ships  within  their  district 
wih  the  shore,  and  partly  to  keep  a  watch  over  these  ships  in  case 
of  any  emergency,  and  see  that  help  is  brought.  Life  and  property 
have  already  in  innumerable  cases  been  saved  by  these  means.  The 
Lofoten  stations,  besides  these  functions,  also  do  the  work  of  ordi- 
nary telegraph  stations.  The  large  stations  would  also  be  of  great 
importance  in  case  of  war.    The  time  of  service  at  Varo,  Rost  and 


Horvaugcn  in  all  day  ;  at  Tjomo,  Flvkki^ro,  Iuku  and  liDwlni 
doy  and  night  ;  at  Spi/.li«;rgen  dny  and  night  in  nummnr.  ;ill  ■ 
wint4T.  'I  ho  Hyhtdin  UfMid  in  the  onu  of  GeiiolUchaft  fur  l>r . 
Telt!gra|)hii!,  IJi-rliii,  thf  'I'nlufunken  iiyi»t*m,  and  the  d, 
MtationH  iiP!  (c(uippi«l  with  the  typen  of  thiM  nyHtcm  that  w<  ;■ 
nowtmt  at  th«  tiini;  tho  utationH  were  e«tablinh<;d. 

Japan.  Thu  American  (JonHul  at  .Vuga>-iiki  report*  that  the 
electric  light,  power,  and  tramway  undt^rtakingH,  hod  an  unprece- 
dented boom  in  hin  difitrict  in  1911,  ivime  41  different  electric 
proje<;tH,  including  five  tramways,  having  ftoen  inaDgurat>:d  in 
Kyushu  and  Okinawa-ken^^of  which  2.'>  have  begun  work. 

Fukuoka  Prefecture  in  the  northern  central  part  of  Kynnhu 
leads  in  electric  companies  with  eight  working,  and  five  in  courite 
of  construction  ;  Oita  Prefecture  has  fiv(;  working,  and  three  under 
construction  ;  Nagasaki  Prefecture  three  working,  and  two  under 
construction  ;  Kagoshima  two  working,  and  three  under  con- 
struction i  Saga  two  working,  and  two  under  coDstraction  ; 
Miyazaki  three  working,  and  one  under  conittruction  ;  and 
Kumamoto  and  Okinawa  each  one  working.  The  Island  of 
Kyushu  is  well  adapted  to  electric  development,  having  many 
streams  capable  of  being  utilised  for  water  power,  and  eitennive 
coal-mining  areas  with  cheap  fuel  for  steam  power.  The  Ilakata 
Electric  Light  and  Tramway  Co.,  of  Ilakata,  in  Fukuoka 
Prefecture,  has  been  in  operation  a  little  more  than  one  year,  and 
is  quite  successful,  having  declared  a  dividend  of  12  per  cent,  for 
1911.  The  Nagasaki  Electric  Lighting  Co.  has  made  some 
improvement  in  its  plant  and  will  enlarge  it  considerably  to  meet 
the  increased  demand  for  light  and  power,  which  the  old  plant  is 
too  small  to  supply.  A  dividend  of  8  per  cent,  was  declared 
for  1911. 

Uruguay.  -The  American  Consul  at  ilonte  Video  reports  that 
although  email  electric  street  signs  of  Anierican  make  have  been 
used  in  Uruguay  for  several  years,  these  were  until  recently  con- 
fined to  signs  capable  of  one  reading  only.  On  January  20th,  1912, 
the  first  large  electric  changing  display  sign  was  opened  for  ser- 
vice with  a  capacity  for  40  advertisements,  each  visible  every  seven 
minutes.  It  was  manufactured  in  New  Jersey  at  a  cost,  delivered 
in  Monte  Video,  of  £620,  the  cost  of  placing  in  position  being  addi- 
tional. The  annual  operating  expenses  will  aggregate  £1,400. 
The  sign  is  patronised  by  many  of  the  leading  local  houses  and 
newspapers  and  by  a  number  from  other  countries.  It  is  situated 
at  the  western  side  of  the  Plaza  Independencia,  through  which 
thousands  of  people  pass  during  the  day  and  night,  doubtless  the 
best  site  in  Monte  Video.  It  is  operated  by  Publicidad,  a  well- 
organised  advertising  concern  here,  which  also  places  ''  ads  "'  in  the 
various  newspapers,  periodicals,  street  cars,  and  billboards  through- 
out this  Republic,  also  supplying,  free  of  cost,  information  relative 
to  where  advertising  should  be  placed  to  produce  the  best  results. 
This  sign  is  the  property  of  a  young  Uruguayan,  who  spent  two 
years  in  the  United  States  making  studies  of  the  best  American 
novelties  to  introduce  into  his  native  country.  This  venture  has 
succeeded  so  well  that  he  is  now  planning  to  erect  similar  signs, 
but  of  greater  capacity,  in  the  cities  of  Buenos  Ayres  and  Rosario 
(Argentina),  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Sao  Paulo  (Brazil),  and  Santiago 
and  Valparaiso  (Chile). 

B.T.H.  Movements. — Some  months  ago,  in  order  to 
cope  with  the  rapid  growth  of  their  business  in  Mazda  lamps,  the 
British  Thomson-Hod.ston  Co,.  Ltd.,  acquired  a  plot  of  land  at 
Willesden,  and  were  erecting  a  large  up-to-date  lamp  factory  at 
this  point.  This  building  has  now  been  completed,  and  we  are 
advised  by  the  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  that,  in  order  to 
relieve  the  pressure  on  the  Rugby  labour  market  for  male  labour, 
it  has  been  decided  to  remove  the  switchboard  department  from 
Rugby  and  install  it  at  Willesden,  and  to  furnish  the  additional 
facilities  required  for  the  manufacture  of  Mazda  lamps,  at  Rugby, 
in  the  space  which  the  removal  of  the  switchboard  department  will 
now  provide.  5'he  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.  anticipate  that 
this  change  in  plan  will  effect  economies  in  lamp  manufacture,  will 
provide  larerely  increased  lamp  manufacturing  capacity,  by  reason 
of  the  concentration  at  Rugby,  and,  in  addition  to  providing 
employment  for  female  labour  in  Rugby,  will  actually  improve 
the  situation  as  regards  the  supply  of  male  labour  in  the  other 
departments  of  the  Rugby  factories. 

Ten  Montlis  ander  Water. — Messrs.  Cromptox  axu 

Co.,  Ltd.,  send  us  the  following  translation  of  an  extract  from  a 
letter  received  from  one  of  their  customers  in  Tangiers,  which 
affords  interesting  evidence  of  the  quality  of  their  machines.  The 
machine  in  question  formed  part  of  a  consignment  to  their  Bombay 
office  on  the  ill-fated  Dd/ii  :— 

"  I  have  to-day  bought  an  electric  motor  of  your  make,  which 
was  taken  out  of  the  steamer  Delhi,  which  was  lost  on  this  coast 
about  a  year  ago.  The  electric  motor  in  question  has  been  under 
water  for  about  10  months,  and  in  spite  of  this,  I  have  been  able 
to  have  it  cleaned  and  dried  perfectly  well  in  a  stove,  which  has 
meant  altogether  about  three  hours'  work,  and  immediately  after 
this,  I  put  it  on  load — it  ran  absolutely  well,  as  if  it  had  only  just 
come  out  of  the  workshops." 

Book  Notices. — Lockwucir^i  Builder' s  and  Contractor's  Price 
5()(i*,  1913.  Edited  by  F. T.W.Miller.  London :  Crosby  Lockwood  and 
Son.  Price  4s. — The  rise  in  wages  and  in  cost  of  materials  naturally 
has  affected  this  useful  annual,  though  it  is  stated  that  the  cost  of 
building  is  not  materially  greater,  being  kept  down  by  improved 
methods  of  production  and  by  competition.  The  electric  lighting 
section  has  been  revised  and  extended  by  Mr.  A.  P.  Haslam,  M.I.E.E.. 
and  may  therefore  be  depended  upon  to  be  correct ;  it  includes  not 
only  prices  of  materials  and  apparatus,  but  also  a  variety  of 
estimates  of  cost  of  electric  lighting  installations  and  rniming  oost^ 
with  other  information  useful  to  the  builder. 


178 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [Voi.  72.  No.  i,836,  jantabt  31, 1913. 


The  Telefunltfn  Zeititny  tor  December.  1912,  contains  articles 
relating  to  the  International  Radiotelepraphic  Conference  of  last 
summer,  and  the  International  Time  Conference  which  met  in  Paris 
in  October.  Other  articles  relate  to  Telefunken  apparatus  for  land 
and  sea  stations,  military  wireless,  and  the  development  of  the 
system  in  Russia,  the  I'nited  States,  New  Zealand,  \c. 

The  Adams  Manufacturing:  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Bedford,  have  just 
brought  out  a  second  edition  of  their  book,  entitled  "  Electric  Con- 
trol of  Printing:  Machinery."  It  contains  a  preat  deal  of  useful 
matter  ac(|uired  durintr  some  years  of  practical  experience,  and  it 
is  divided  up  into'  some  seventeen  chapters.  Since  the  laft  edition 
the  contents  have  not  only  been  brought  up-to-date,  but  a  number 
of  new  chapters  have  been  added,  containing  descriptions  of  appa- 
ratus 8ubse<iuently  introduced.  General  considerations,  notce  on  the 
essential  features  of  a  grood  control  pear,  "  inching  '  devices,  speed 
regulation,  motor-starting  switches,  regulators,  stopping  devices, 
overload  preventers,  press  controllers,  are  among  the  subjects  handled, 
and  most  of  the  apparatus  mentioned  is  illustrated. 

"  Spon's  Architects'  and  Builders'  Pocket  Price  Book  and  Diary." 
li'lS.     London  :  E.  *c  F.  N.  Spon,  Ltd.     Price  2s.  6d.  net. 

"  Atti  della  Associazione  Elettrotecnica  Italiana."  January  16th, 
1913.     Milan  :  Stucchi,  Ceretti  >*>:  Cie. 

"  Transact unif  of  the  Concrete  Institute."  Vol.  IV,  part  III. 
December,  1912.     London:  The  Institute. 

The  Journal  of  the  Tramways  and  Light  Railways  Association 
for  January  contains  a  full  list  of  members. 

'^Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute."  Vol.  CLXXV,  No.  1. 
January,  1913.     Philadelphia.  Pa. :    The  Institute.     Price  50  cents. 

"  Proceeilingx  of  the  Physical  Society  of  London."  Vol.  XXIV, 
part  VI.  October  15th,  1912.  London  ;  Elfctrician  Printing  and 
Publishing  Co.,  Ltd.     Price  4s.  net. 

"  Abstract  Bulletin  of  the  Physical  Laboratory  of  the  National 
Electric  Lamp  Association."  Vol.  I,  No.  1.  January,  1913.  Cleve- 
land, Ohio  :  The  Association. 

"Examinations  in  Science  and  Technology,  1912."  London: 
Wyman  4;  Sons,  Ltd.     Price  9d. 

"  Design  of  Polyphase  Generators  and  Motors."  By  H.  M. 
Hobart.  1913.  London  :  Hill  Publishing  Co.,  Ltd.  Price  12s.  6d. 
net. 

"  Aziende  Municipalizzate  :  Tramwie  Urbane  ;  Distiibuzione  di 
Energia  Elettrica.''     1912.     Modena  :  Blondi  e  Parnieggiani. 

Calendars    and    Diaries. — Tuk   Wiiitk   Ei.ectiuc.m. 

Instrumest  Co.,  of  2  and  4,  Gloucester  Street,  Clerkenwell,  E.C., 
have  issued  a  small  and  handy-sized  celluloid  pocket  calendar  for 
carrying  in  pocket  books  or  purses.  Already  they  have  satisfied 
innumerable  applications  for  them,  and  an  additional  supply  is 
now  available  for  all  who  write  to  the  above  address. 

Messrs.  McCluee  &  Whttfield,  of  Mersey  Dynamo  ^Vorks, 
Adswood,  Stockport,  have  issued  their  useful  pocket  note-book  and 
diary  for  the  current  year  as  usual.  Illustrated  particulars  and 
prices  of  their  Mersey  multipolar  type  generators  and  motors  of 
70  K\v.  and  upwards,  and  other  plant,  are  given  in  the  ojieniDg 
pages,  and  there  is  also  an  insurance  coupon. 

Electrical  Works  Sale. — The  recent  sale  of  the  works 
of  Messrs.  Er.sest  Scott  A;  Mountain,  together  with  portions  of 
the  plant,  as  reported  in  our  columns,  was  carried  out  by  Messrs. 
Wheatley  Kirk,  Price  A.  Co.,  who  also  conducted  a  six  days'  auction 
of  the  other  machinery  and  contents  of  the  works. 

Catalog'iies  and  Lists. — Messes.  James  Gordox  and 

Co.,  81-83,  Knightrider  Street,  London,  E.G. — New  catalogue  of 
between  60  and  70  pages,  containing  excellent  half-tone  illustra- 
tions and  line  diagrams,  together  with  descriptive  particulars  of 
complete  plant  for  the  development  of  water-power,  including  tur- 
bines (vertical  and  horizontal  shaft  and  Francis  types),  Pelton 
wheels,  governors,  pipe  lines,  i:c.  The  plants  illustrated  are  those 
in  Khabul  (Afghanistan),  Dryden  (Ontario),  Ocean  Falls  (B.C.), 
Cauvery  Falls  (India)  and  Glenanne  (Armagh).  A  number  of 
useful  and  detailed  tables  concerning  power,  efficiency  tests, 
dimensions,  <Scc.,  are  given. 

Messrs.  Hicjgs  Bros.,  Dynamo  Works,  Sherboume  Road,  Balsall 
Heath,  Birmingham. — Preliminary  four-page  list  containing  brief 
descriptive  and  tabulated  particulars  of  their  shunt  and  series 
motors — ^semi-enclosed  and  enclosed-ventilated — which  they  have 
recently  put  upon  the  market.  Jlessrs.  Iliggs  have  lieen  manu- 
facturing for  the  last  eight  months,  during  which  time  they  have 
supplied  upwards  of  200  machines,  and  the  only  ones  that  have 
been  returned  are  two  which  were  broken  by  a  railway  company. 

Messes.  Pope's  Electric  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.,  Hythe  Road, 
Willesden,  London,  N.W. — Folder,  giving  prices  of  "  Elasta  "  wire 
filament  lamps,  also  a  picture  blotter-card.  Copies  will  be  sent  on 
application. 

Messes.  Gent  k.  Co.,  Ltd.,  Faraday  Works,  Leicester. — New 
catalogue  of  52  pages  (Book  5)  in  which  are  given  very  full 
particulars,  with  illustrations,  and,  in  some  cases,  prices,  of  their 
"  Pulsynetic  "  system  of  electric  impulse  clocks.  "  Pulsynetic  "  is 
the  new  name  now  adopted  and  registered  for  the  system,  which 
hitherto  has  been  known  as  the  "  B.P."  Considerable  improvements 
have  lately  been  carried  out  in  the  system,  notably  the  increase  in 
the  Bensibility  of  the  movement,  so  that  only  one  cell  is  now  required 
for  every  three  clocks  in  the  installation.  Among  the  new  features 
in  the  list  is  the  C24  impulse  "  Underground '' clock,  a  pattern 
introduced  for  workshop  use — interior  and  exterior.  The  impulse 
movf-m-^nts  are  in  air-tight  cast-iron  cases  for  wet  positions  and 
where  destructive  fumes  are  present.  The  faces  are  part  of  the 
casting  and  are  painted  white,  with  black  raised  chapters.  This  clock 
is  fitted  with  a  water-tight  flexible  connection  for  fitting  to  screwed 
tubing.  Another  feature  in  the  list  is  the  Universal  prog^ramme 
ringer,  which  enables  a  set  of  bells  to  be  rung  at  any  time  during 


the  day  or  night,  and  the  programme  can  be  altered  simply  and  as 
often  as  rpquired.  It  is  simply  connected  in  series  with  the  clock 
circuit.  The  firm's  astronomical  observatory  clock,  which  has 
already  been  fitted  in  six  well-known  observatories  throughout  the 
world,  has  recently  been  ordered  by  the  Hong-Kong  Observatory. 
Contractors  are  invited  to  write  for  copies  of  this  catalogue. 

Tue  Schnievvindt  Electric  Co.,  40  and  41,  Staniforth  Street, 
Birmingham. —  Illustrated  list,  giving  prices  and  full  particulars  of 
"  Stangerotherm  "  electric  heat  carpets  and  mats. 

The  Sterlix(!  Telephone  ano  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  200, 
I'pper  Thames  Street,  London,  B.C. — New  40-rage  pamphlet 
(No.  201)  containing  brief  notes,  together  with  illustrations  and 
prices,  relating  to  cheap  domestic  telephones  ("  Parlyphones  "  and 
"Twencen"  instruments),  battery  ringing  telephones,  magneto 
ringing  ditto,  "Primal"  automatic  interphones,  and  various 
'  Sterling  "'  accessories. 

Sentence  on  Dealer, — For  reselling  OO  lb.  of  copper 
wire  belonging  to  the  Scottish  Electric  Power  Co ,  a  general 
dealer  has  been  sentenced  to  14  days'  imprisonment  by  Sheriff 
Mitchell  at  Stirling. 

Liquidation. — Heat  Econosiisers,  Ltd. — This  company 

is  winding  up  voluntarily,  with  Mr.  H.  St.  J.  Hodges,  20,  Copthall 
Avenue,  EC,  as  liquidator.  A  meeting  of  creditors  is  called  for 
February  8th. 

Bankruptcy    Proceedings. — W.  Loxudon  &    V.  G. 

Cobb  (Longdon  iV  Cobb)  electrical  engineers,  Nottingham. — First 
meeting,  February  6th  ;  public  examination,  February  14th  ;  both 
at  Nottingham. 

A.  E.  Martin,  Birmingham.— First  and  final  dividend  1 1  jd.  in  the 
£,  payable  February  3rd,  at  191,  Corporation  Street,  Birmingham. 

F.  Hastincs  Meduuest  (deceased),  engineer,  13,  Victoria 
Street,  S.W. — Last  day  for  receipt  of  proofs  for  dividend,  February 
8th.  Trustees :  F.  S.  Salamon,  1-2,  Bucklersbury,  E.G.  ;  and  F.  W.. 
Pixley,  58,  Coleman  Street,  E.G. 

Patents  Restored, — Notices  appear  in  the  London 
Gazptir  ordering  the  restoration  of  the  following  letters  patent : — 

E.  J.  DoHBINS. — "  Improvements  in  light  distributors  for  windows 
and  the  like."     No.  8,461  of  1907. 

S.  G.  Brown. — "  Improvements  in  electric  telegraphy."  No.  7,471 
of  1900. 

Screw  Caps  for  Radiator  Lamps.— Referring  to  the 

remarks  by  Mr.  Allen,  engineer  and  maniger  to  the  electricity 
department  of  Loughborough,  in  our  issue  of  January  17th,  under 
the  Leading  of  "Screw  Caps  for  Radiator  Lamps,  '  the  Westing- 
house  Co.  inform  us  that  they  recognised  the  troubles  attending 
the  use  of  bayonet  caps  on  such  lamps  years  ago,  and  in  their  own 
make  of  luminous  radiators  they  use  exclusively  screw  cap  lamps 
with  suitable  holders.  They  have  found  this  type  of  cap  much 
superior  to  the  ordinary  bayonet  cap. 

Trade  Announcements. — Wc  are  asked  to  state  that 

some  time  ago  Mr.  Wm.  Yorath  Lewis  was  appointed  managing 
director  of  the  British  "  Niclacsse  "'  Boiler  Co.,  Ltd.,  Tothill 
Street,  Westminster,  S.W.  The  company  have  recently  installed 
a  large  boiler  at  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.'  works  at  Stafford,  and  are 
taking  steps  to  construct  their  boilers  and  mechanical  stokers  (in 
accordance  with  the  most  modern  designs  and  standards  of  Messrs. 
J.  &  A.  Niclausse,  of  Paris)  in  this  country. 

Messrs.  Aubert,  Grenier  &  Co.,  of  68a,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields, 
W.C.  will  in  future  carry  on  their  English  business  under  the  title 
of  "  The  General  Cable  Manufacturing  Co."  The  address  and  tele- 
phone number  remain  the  same,  until  larger  and  more  convenient 
l)remises  can  be  found. 

Owing  to  the  large  increase  in  the  sales  of  Osram  lamps  since 
their  manufacture  with  drawn-wire  filaments,  the  General  Elec- 
tric Co.,  Ltd.,  have  found  it  necessary  to  provide  additional 
facilities  for  handling  orders.  A  larger  space  at  their  head  office, 
67,  (^ueen  Victoria  Street,  E.G.,  is  now  devoted  to  the  sale  of  Osrams  ; 
the  counter  room  has  been  doubled,  and  tliC  new  counter,  which  is 
adjacent  to  the  old  one,  has  been  specially  reserved  for  supplying 
high  c.P.  and  fancy  Osrams,  battery  lamps,  is.c.  At  their  Osram 
Stores  in  Union  Street  additional  premises  have  been  taken  and  set 
aside  for  stock  accommodation.  A  stock  of  Osram  lamps,  twice  as 
large  as  that  carried  heretofore,  is  now  constantly  on  hand. 

Messrs.  W.  Dickinson  &  Co  .  of  The  Broadway,  Bexley  Heath, 
have  taken  offices  at  130,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.G.,  to  facilitate 
the  handling  of  their  manufactures,  comprising  small  motors, 
switchboards,  &c.  Mr.  L.  M.  Lawlor,  for  some  years  on  the  staff  of 
Messrs.  Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  will  be  in  charge  of  their  London 
office. 

The  Selson  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.,  85,  Queen  Victoria  Street, 
London,  E.G.,  state  that  their  name  was  wrongly  omitted  from  the 
Telephone  Directory,  and  they  will  be  glad  if  readers  will  take  note 
that  their  numbers  are  as  before:  "Bank,  341,"  and  "  Central, 
11779." 

Messrs.  Imeson,  Finch  &  Co.  (1912),  Ltd.,  of  Stockton-on- 
Tees,  have  taken  over  the  manufacture  of  White's  patent  controller 
finger,  and  are  at  present  supplying  same  to  H.M.  Dockyards  and 
many  of  the  large  works  and  tramway  systems  in  Great  Britain 
and  abroad. 

Messrs.  Saville&  Walton,  electrical  engineers  and  contractors, 
have  opened  a  branch  business  at  37,  St.  Mary  Street,  Cardiff. 

The  Lasodon  Davies  Motor  Co.  have  installed  an  additional 
telephone  service  ("City  3388  ")  in  their  office  in  Cannon  Street,  E.G. 

The  sale  of  patent  adaptable  earthing  clips  will  in  future  be  con- 
tinued under  the  style  of  Hann  &  Ingle  at  the  same  address,  13, 
Albert  Place,  Bridge  Street,  Manchester. 


Vol.73.  No.  1,890, januaby 81, 1913.]     JHE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


179 


For  Sale, — Tho  Aberdeen  Corporntion  electricity  depart- 
ment has  for  diHposal  two  200-KW.  Willanii-MBVor  k  CoulBon  d.c. 
(renoratinir  cotB,  with  gpare  armature,  one  Burfaoe  condenBer,  and 
one  KdwardH  air  pump  ;  and  the  Ralford  Corporation  one  SOO-kw. 
Browett,  Lindley-Mather  A:  Piatt  n.O.  i;cnoratin|f  set.  See  our 
(idvertiscment  papes  in  this  isBue. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Aberdeen. — The  extension  of  the  Corporation  generating 

plant,  at  nn  OHtimated  coat  of  flfii.'JlO,  proposed  in  a  report  by  the 
electrical  engineer,  has  been  agreed  to  by  the  T.O. 

Alnwirk. — At  a  meeting  of  the  U.D.C.  on  January 
21th,  the  engineers  to  the  new  water  scheme  reported  that  they  had 
(fone  into  the  three  schemes  of  pumping,  the  estimated  costs 
respectively  being  :  Pumping  by  town's  gas,  £172  ;  by  suction  gas, 
dE345  ;  and  by  electricity,  £:!.S7  ;  and  they  recommended  the  adoption 
of  the  la'ter  scheme.  The  report  was  approved  subject  to  the 
necessary  consents. 

Ayr. — The  T.C.  has  increased  the  charge  for  private 
lighting  from  3}d.  to  4d.  per  unit,  and  for  public  lighting  from  2d 
to  2i.  The  rate  for  heating  and  cooking  is  to  be  Id.  per  unit,  and 
meter  rent,  instead  of  IJd.  The  sum  at  the  credit  of  the  reserve 
account  at  May  I.lth  laet  was  £4,000. 

Bedford.— 'i'he  T.C.  has  decided  to  apply  to  the  L.G.P,. 

for  a  Joan  of  £1,800  for  electric  lighting  services  for  the  next  three 
years.  Public  lighting  extensions  by  electricity  are  to  be  carried  out 
at  an  estimated  cost  of  £2.59. 

Bexliill, — The  electrical  engineer  has  been  instructed  to 
prepare  specifications  and  obtain  tenders  for  a  new  switchboard. 

Be-\ley.— The  U.D.C.  has  referred  to  its  electrical 
engineer  for  consideration  and  report,  an  offer  by  Woolwich  B.C., 
which  is  considering  a  scheme  for  the  extension  of  its  generating 
station,  to  supply  electricity  in  bulk  to  the  Council  at  the  actual 
cost  of  generation,  plus  a  small  profit  to  be  agreed  upon.  It  was 
intimated  by  Woolwich  that  it  estimated  that  energy  so  supplied 
could  be  retailed  in  the  Council's  district  at  about  ^d.  per  unit. 

Blaokbnrn. — As  indicated  in  our  last  week's  issue  the 
Mayor  (Alderman  Crossley)  eet  in  motion  at  the  electricity  works 
on  the  24th  inst.  the  first  of  two  turbo-alternators  of  2,000  KW. 
capacity,  which  has  been  installed  along  with  two  800-KW.  rotary 
converters  to  meet  the  requirements  of  heavy  power  consumers. 
This  is  the  last  extension  possible  at  the  existing  works.  The 
supply  to  a  few  more  electrically-driven  mills  in  the  town  will 
render  necessary  a  new  generating  station,  estimated  to  cost 
£1.">0,000.    The  new  plant  is  described  elsewhere  in  our  pages. 

Blackpool. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Corporation  Tramways 
Committee  on"  January  23rd,  there  was  general  agreement  with  the 
engineer's  extensive  scheme  for  autumn  illuminations  for  the  whole 
length  of  the  Promenade  and  adjoining  squares  and  open  spaces,  ia 
connection  with  the  season  extension  scheme.  The  cost  will  be 
shared  between  the  Tramways,  Electricity,  Markets  and  Street 
Lightiner  Committees.  The  electricity  department  will  supply  the 
current  free. 

In  order  to  deal  more  effectually  with  the  large  volumes  of 
water  in  times  of  flood,  the  Highways  Committee  has  decided  to 
install  two  electrically-driven  pumps  at  the  sewage  chambers  in 
Manchester  Square,  as  mentioned  in  our  "  Contracts  "  column. 

Burtoil-on-Trent. — The  B.  of  G.  has  referred  to  the 
Building  Committee  a  proposal  by  the  borough  electrical  engineer, 
that  the  electric  light  should  be  installed  at  the  workhouse. 

Canada. — An  application  has  been  made  for  a  grant  to 
develop  a  water-power  site  on  the  Cheakamus  River,  a  few  miles 
south  of  Green  Lake,  a  short  distance  from  the  proposed  route  of 
the  Pacific  Great  Eastern  Railway  line.  It  is  proposed  to  divert  the 
water  through  a  tunnel  about  one  mile  in  length,  having  a  fall  of 
100  to  liO  ft.,  with  a  flow  of  10,000  cb.  ft.  of  water  per  second.  A 
power  plant  is  to  be  erected  in  connection  with  the  project,  and  the 
estimated  cost  of  the  works  is  about  £40Q,000.  An  application  has 
appeared  in  the  "  Provincial  Gazette  "  requesting  the  right  to  con- 
struct a  dam  across  the  Fraser  River,  in  British  Columbia,  at  a  point 
abont  2  J  miles  above  Yale,  in  a  narrow  canyon  at  that  place.  The 
storage  area  will  be  about  ,5,000  acres,  and  the  h.p.  derived, 
100,000.  The  applicant,  the  International  Railway  and  Develop- 
ment Co.,  it  is  stated,  has  at  present  about  £1,000,000  available  and 
can,  if  necessary,  sec\ire  several  times  that  amount  for  further 
development 

Carlisle. — The  tramway  company  has  accepted  the  offer 
of  the  T.C.  to  light  the  centre  tramway  poles  by  electricity,  at  a 
fixed  Hiinnal  charge  of  £B0. 

Dang:arTaD. — The  Urban  Council  has  decided  to  light 
the  town  with  electricity,  if  it  is  able  to  procure  the  funds  necessary 
for  doing  so.  It  has  now  decided  to  ask  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to 
enable  it  to  negotiate  a  loan  of  £2,000  for  the  purpose  of  carrying 
out  the  work. 

£dinbnrp;b. — The  Corporation  Electric  Lighting  Com- 
mittee is  to  be  asked  to  consider  and  report  as  to  revising  the  mini- 
mnm  ohttr^eti  for  ouirent,  for  power  »nd  lighting. 


The  Council,  after  dlicuMlon,  bM  a«rre«d  to  atrfke  ont  the  cUa»« 
In  thoprovinional  order  dealing  with  the  power  •ouifht  by  the  Cor- 
poration to  provide  and  repair  electric  motor  fitting!. 

Erifh, — The  T'.D.C.  lias  lK»n  approached  by  the  "Wool- 
wich T.C.  wilR  referen<«  to  the  oupply  of  current  in  bulk  on  term* 
similar  to  those  mentioned  in  tho  catie  of  Bexley.  The  rounril  ha« 
decided  to  reply  thot  it  is  prepared  to  favourably  conitider  a  definite 
oflTer  for  a  l)ulk  supply  at  a  firm  rate  per  unit,  and  all  other  PH'tcntial 
terms  upon  which  the  supply  will  bo  given.  In  the  meantime,  the 
Council  has  deferred  conHideration  for  the  proponed  extcnsiomi  to 
the  generating  station  at  Eritli. 

•  The  engineer  has  reported  that  a.i  far  as  the  present  station 
is  concerned,  the  only  extension  he  can  reoommenri  is  that  a 
750-KW.  reciprocating  set  shouhl  be  installed  in  place  of  three 
existing  small  sets,  the  boiler  plant  remaining  aa  at  present.  He 
further  advises  that  the  time  has  arrived  for  considerioK'  a  new 
riverside  station. 

Godmancliester. — The  T.C.  has  decided  not  to  entertain 
an  offer  from  the  Cambridge  Electric  Supply  Co.  to  install  the 
electric  light  in  the  borough  in  conjunction  with  a  scheme  for  the 
neighbouring  borough  of  Huntingdon.  The  proposal  of  the  com- 
pany was  that  the  two  Corporations  should  jointly  obtain  a  prov. 
order  to  distribute  current  which  could  be  obtained  in  bulk  from  the 
company. 

Goole  (Vorks.). — The  Eown  is  shortly  to  have  a  supply  of 
electricity,  as  the  Electrical  Distribution  of  Yorkshire,  Ltd.,  pro- 
poses putting  into  force  the  powers  which  it  obtained  last  year  to 
supply  current  for  power  and  lighting  purposes.  It  propoees 
obtaining  current  from  a  plant  installed  at  Thorne  Colliery,  and  a 
preliminary  canvass  of  residents  at  Goole  who  might  be  prospective 
customers  has  yielded  a  very  satisfactory  result. 

Halifax. — The  B.  of  (i.  has  decided  to  engage  an  elec- 
trical engineer  to  report  upon  the  cost  of  producing  the  electricity 
at  the  hospital. 

Haslin^den. — The  T.C,  on  the  recommendation  of  the 
Electricity  Committee,  has  reduced  meter  rents  by  from  50  to  25  jjer 
cent.  Works  using  electrical  power  throughout,  are  to  be  allowed 
to  use  5  per  cent,  of  their  consumption  for  works  lighting.  For 
lighting  consumers,  the  minimum  payment  of  Ss.  per  quarter  haa 
been  abolished,  and  there  is  to  be  a  minimum  now  of  £  1  per  year. 
It  was  reported  to  the  T.C.  that  the  Committee  had  reason  to  be 
satisfied  with  the  progress  the  electricity  undertaking  had  made. 

Hastings, — At  the  weekly  meeting  of  the  Hastings  Board 
of  Guardians,  the  clerk  brought  up  a  report  showing  the  relative 
cost  of  gas  and  electric  light.  The  electric  light  was  installed  at 
the  workhouse  buildings  in  December,  1911,  For  the  year  I'.tU  the 
total  cost  for  gas  amounted  to  £285.  In  1912,  £168  was  paid  to 
the  Corporation  for  electricity  after  allowing  for  renewals,  ic, 
and  gas  for  cooking  purposes  cost  £24  10s.,  making  a  total 
of  £19:t,  thus  showing  a  net  saving  of  £92  since  the  adoption  of 
the  electric  light. 

Hove. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  drop  those  clauses  of 
the  Parliamentary  Bill  in  reference  to  the  purchase  of  the  electric 
lighting  undertaking,  which  refer  to  supply  to  outside  areas. 
One  reason  suggested  is  the  desirability  of  getting  rid  of  the 
opposition  of  the  Brighton  Corporation. 

Hojiake. — The  electrical  engineer,  at  the  monthly 
meeting  on  January  22nd,  was  instructed  to  prepare  the  specifica- 
tion for  a  new  switchboard  at  the  generating  station,  for 
which  tenders  are  to  be  invited.  The  cost  of  these  improvements 
is  to  be  charged  to  the  revenue  account  of  the  electricity 
undertaking. 

Leeds. — The  electricity  authorities  have  decided  to  supply 
current  to  the  Low  Moor  Iron  Co.,  for  use  at  the  Osmondthorpe 
Colliery,  at  a  fixed  charge  of  £850  per  annum,  plus  ■45d.  per  unit. 
Mr.  C.  N.  Hefford  has  been  temporarily  appointed  to  fill  the  post 
of  engineer  to  the  Electricity  Department,  in  place  of  Mr. 
Harold  Dickinson. 

Liverpool. — The  Select  "N'estry  has  decided  to  install  at 
the  Highfield  Infirmary  an  electric  lighting  and  power  system 
Gas  lighting  at  the  institution  costs  £5(54  per  annum,  in  addition 
to  which  the  engine  for  laundry  power  costs  £266,  making  a  total 
of  £830.  It  is  estimated  that  electricity  can  be  generated  at  Id, 
per  unit,  and  that  the  cost  of  the  supply  required  for  the  institution 
and  laundry  would  be  about  £342  per  annum.  For  the  necessary 
plant  and  appliances  it  is  estimated  that  £2,194  will  be  required. 

London. — Maryleboxe. — "With  regard  to  the  Council's 
decision  to  take  a  bulk  supply  from  the  Metropolitan  Electric  Supply 
Co.,  Ltd.,  the  Electric  Supply  Committee  has  decided  to  pay  the 
company  £408  as  out-of-pocket  expenses  in  fixing  converting 
plant,  &o..  also  to  enter  into  an  agreement  with  the  company  accept- 
ing its  offer  to  supply  current  in  bulk  upon  the  condition  that  the 
Council  has  the  oall  of  500  KW.,  and  to  pay  at  the  rate  of  £500  per 
annum  and  Jd.  per  unit  therefor,  such  payment  only  to  he  made  in 
the  event  of  13  honrs'  notice  being  given  that  a  supply  is  required. 

Manchester. — The  City  Council  has  now  adopted  the 

report  of  the  Trading  Profits  Special  Committee,  which  recom- 
mended that  the  Electricity  Committee  should  contribute  in  aid  of 
the  city  rate  1  per  cent ;  the  Tramways  Committee,  5  per  cent.  ;  the 
Gas  Committee,  U  percent.:  and  the  Markets  Committee,  2  per 
cent.  ;  the  percentage  contribution  in  all  cases  to  be  based  upon  the 


180 


THE    ELECTRIC.AX    REVIEW,     [voi.  72.   no.  i.ssc,  jakuabt  31, 1913. 


capital  expended.  The  Committee  recommended  the  adoption  of 
the  scheme  for  a  period  of  three  years,  bnt  an  amendment  was 
carried  hy  the  Council  limiting  the  time  of  operation  of  the 
scheme  to  12  months. 

nanrbnria. — The    ekctric   light    service   of  the  South 

Manchuria  Railway  at 'the  end  of  last  June  served  40,294  lamps. 
The  lamps  most  in  demand  were  those  of  5,  10,  16  and  2.")  C.P.,  the 
Ifi-c  r.  lamp  beinp  in  most  common  nee.  The  arc  lamps  for  street 
ligrhtinp  purposes  now  number  112. 

\ew  /rnland. — According  to  ih^  Mining  and  Engineering 
lifiinc,  Mr.  F.  Black,  of  Wellington,  submitted  to  the  Chriutchnrch 
Council  his  report  on  the  proposed  purchase  of  bulk  electricity  from 
the  Lake  Coleridpe  power  scheme.  The  report  is  favourable  to  the 
acceptance  of  the  New  Zealand  Government's  terms,  as,  -under 
existinp  circumstances,  it  would  be  impossible  for  the  Council  to 
trenerate  the  required  quantity  of  energy  at  as  low  a  figrure  as  that 
offered.  The  capital  cost  of  the  transforming  plant,  mains,  meters, 
iVc,  necessary  to  satisfy  the  requirements  is  estimated  by  Mr.  Black 
at  £123.888,  to  which  he  adds  12}  per  cent,  for  entrineeringr  and 
contingencies,  makiner  a  total  of  JE  139,373.  The  City  Council 
Electricity  Committee  recommends  that  a  loan  of  £120,000  be 
raised  to  provide  for  necessary  plant  required. 

Penistone  (Vorhs.). — The  District  Education  Com- 
mittee has  decided  to  approach  the  West  Ridinp  County  Education 
Committee  with  a  view  to  electricity  being  used  as  the  illnminant 
in  the  new  school  at  Silkstone 

I*eterhoron|rh. — The  L.G.B.  has  given  consent  to  the 

horrowinsr  by  the  T.c.  of  £I.<^00  for  the  extension  of  mains.- 

Pocklington  (lorks.). —  A  largely  Attended  and 
enthusiastic  mectinsr  of  ratepayers  was  held  last  week  for  the 
purpose  of  nrffiner  forward  a  proposal  to  provide  the  township 
with  electricity  for  lightinpr  and  power.  The  keen  desire  in  this 
direction  shown  by  the  ratepayers,  has  encourafred  Messrs. 
Crompton  Jc  Co.  to  offer  to  carry  out  the  work  if  a  suitable  agree- 
ment can  be  arrived  at  with  the  local  authority.  It  was  stated 
that  the  provision  of  electricity  would  improve  the  town's 
lighting,  and  save  £70  a  year  in  that  direction  alone.  A  resolution 
urging  the  Urban  Council  to  move  in  the  matter  was  passed 
nnanimously. 

Plj  mouth.— The    Parks  Committee  of  the  T.C.  has 

adopted  a  scheme  by  the  electrical  engineer  for  electrical  illumina- 
tions at  Hooe  Park,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £300. 

Rawtenstall. — At  the  T.C.  meeting  last  Thursday  some 
discussion  took  place  regarding  the  proposal  of  the  Lighting  Com- 
mittee to  apply  for  sanction  to  a  loan  of  £800  for  ihe  work  of 
electric  lighting  in  Bank  Street,  Ha.«lingden  Road,  and  along  Bacup 
Road  to  Thrutch.  Councillor  Schofield  said  he  thought  it  was  the 
intention  at  the  outset  to  borrow  £2,000  and  complete  the  work  in 
the  Crawshawbooth  and  Lurab  valleys  as  well.  Aid.  Crabtree 
thought  the  intention  was  to  deal  with  that  later.  Eventually  the 
proposal  was  approved. 

ISalford. — The  annual  report  of  the  Lighting  and 
Cleansing  Committee  states  that  100  electric  arc  lamps,  each  of 
1,000  nominal  or,  are  used  for  lighting  several  hnportant  street 
junctions  and  thoronghfarea.  The  Electricity  Commit) ee  charges 
£14  10s.  per  lamp  per  year,  which  includes  the  supply,  erection, 
cleaning,  and  maintenauce  of  the  lamps,  and  also  carboning  and 
current. 

Sba]doii     (Devon). — At    a     ratepayers'     meeting    on- 

January  24th.  it  was  decided  by  a  majority  of  votes  to  ask  the 
Council  to  adopt  electricity  for  public  lighting,  in  preference  to 
gae  or  oil. 

i^OUtll  Africa. — The  Cape  Town  Corporation,  liaving 
taken  over  the  electric  lighting  of  Claremont,  Rondebosch  and 
Mowbray,  announces  a  further  reduction  of  charges,  making  the 
price  of  the  current  from  New  \'ea,T  lefs  than  halt  that  in  force 
12  months  ago.  This  is  regarded  as  an  example  of  the  tienefits  to 
be  derived  from  the  projected  unification  of  the  municipalities. 

Stafford. — The  T.C.  has  reduced  the  price  of  current 

for  lighting  the  outside  of  premises  from  5d.  to  3d.  per  unit. 

Premises  in  Greengate  Street  are  to  be  leased  for  21  years,  at  an 
annual  rental  of  £1.50,  for  use  as  showrooms  and  offices. 

{»tal}  bridge. — The  .loint  Tramways  IJoard  has  resolved 
that  the  engineer  be  instructed  to  get  out  plans,  A:c.,  for  extensions, 
aijd  otitain  prices  for  rotary  converters  fcr  Hjde  sub-station  and 
the  generating  station. 

Mroud  (Cilos.). — The  R.D.C.  has  agreed  to  waive  any 

objoftion  it  might  have  to  the  proposed  electric  lighting  scheme  for 
the  district  on  condition  that  the  promotors  consent  to  protective 
clan.«es. 

^wanaCP. — Messrs.  rnrVes,  of  E.xeter,  have  informed  iVc 

f.D.C.  (hat  the  County  of  Dorset  Electric  .Supply  Co.  will  shortly 
commence  the  erection  of  fledticily  works  in  the  town,  and  anti- 
clpateil  that  current  would  lie  avaiUble  for  jiublio  and  private 
I'ghtinff  in  May.  The  Council  has  decided  to  interview  Mr.  H.  W. 
Purvps  on  the  question  of  puhlii;  lighting. 

l^esthODtrliton  (near  Rolton). — In  the  new  weaving 

Bhfd  lieing  erected  for  Me<>8rH.  TayJor.Jt,B»rtLey,  Ltd.,  meoticta  of 
which  wan  made  in  our  issue  of  .Iinuary  17th  last,  400  "  Schorch  " 
S'nu'c-ftr.v  ■  loom  tnot  irs  nrp  to  lie  inntnlled. 


WliitStable.— The  IM).C.  on  .Tanuary  2lst  further  dis- 
cussed the  electric  light  scheme  prepared  by  Mr.  Campbell.  Mr. 
W.  Camburn  moved  that  in  accordance  with  a  minute  passed  in 
September,  1898,  the  Council  should  themselves  apply  to  th^  B.  of  T. 
for  a  prov.  order.  Mr.  Harrison  seconded,  but  the  motion  was  lost 
by  seven  votes  to  four.  Mr.  A.  A.  Kemp  gave  notice  that  at  the 
next  meeting  he  should  propose  the  rescinding  of  the  minute  of 
Septcmlier,  189.S,  and  move  that  the  Council  consider  the  establish- 
ment of  an  electric  light  system  for  the  town,  subject  to  the  neces- 
sary arrangements,  guarantees  and  agreements  being  f  ntered  into 
with  the  promoters  of  the  scheme. 

Willesden. — Before  giving  a  definite  recommendation 
with  regard  to  improving  the  gas  lighting  of  the  district,  the' 
Lighting  Committee  has  decided  to  obtain  tenders  from  the 
electricity  department  (1)  for  the  lighting  of  all  side  streets  in 
the  parish,  and  (2)  for  those  streets  in  which  mains  are  already 
laid.  The  Committee  also  proposes  to  submit  both  systems  of 
lighting  to  photometric  tests  by  an  independent  expert.  The  offer 
of  the  electricity  department  to  substitute  all-night  lighting  of  the 
arc  lamps,  at  present  lighted  for  half  the  night,  with  incandescent 
lamps,  for  £110,  has  been  accepted.  The  question  of  gradually 
superseding  the  existing  arc  lamps,  and  providing  flame  arc  lamps 
in  lieu  thereof,  is  under  consideration. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Bradford, — The  Tramways  Committee  has  decided  to 
have  100  electric  traracars  fitted  with  a  new  device  invented  by 
two  Leeds  men  for  preventing  loss  of  life  by  persons  being  run 
over  by  the  cars.  The  new  idea  consists  of  a  couple  of  bars  at  the 
side  of  the  cars  stretching  from  the  front  "gate"  which  will  have 
the  effect  of  preventing  anyone  who  is  struck  by  a  car  from 
slipping  underneath.  This  new  contrivance  works  in  conjunction 
with  the  Tidswell  guard,  which  was  invented  by  a  Bradford  man. 

llrijschton    Railway    Electritieation. — Elsewhere    in 

this  issue  we  refer  to  the  latest  decision  of  the  directors  of  the 
Brighton  Co.  to  proceed  immediately  with  the  electrification  of 
most  of  the  remaining  suburban  routes  south  of  the  Thames,  and 
extending  as  far  as  Coulsdon,  Cheam,  &c. 

Chesterfield. — A  poll  taken  on  Monday  on  the  question 
of  the  Corporation  Bill  seeking  powers  to  install  a  system  of  rail- 
less  cars  in  the  borough  and  district  resulted  in  a  majority  of  522 
in  favour,  the  figures  being  : — For  the  Bill,  905  ;  against,  383. 

Continental  Xotes. — Gkiwia.w. — The  Government  of 
Saxony  has  decided  to  establish  without  delay  a  number  of  electric 
motor-coach  lines  on  the  same  system  as  adopted  in  Bavaria, 
without  awaitine  the  sanction  of  funds  in  the  next  Budget 
estimates  of  the  Diet.  It  is  also  proposed  to  consider  the  question 
of  converting  the  State  railways  to  electric  traction,  and  a  scheme 
for  this  purpose  is  to  be  submitted  to  the  Diet. 

TtBKEY. — According  to  the  Pull  ^FaU  ( in  :effr,  the  6T3t  act  of 
the  new  Government  in  the  industrial  domain  has  been  to  grant  a 
concession  to  a  German  group,  for  an  underground  railway  in 
Constantinople  from  Bayazid,  in  Stamboul,  to  Chichli,  the  farthest 
outlying  quarter  of  Pera.  The  line  will  run  under  the  Golden 
Horn. 

East  Ham. — The  Electric  Lighting  ahd  Tramways 
Committee  states  that  it  has  considered  a  report  of  the  engineer  and 
manager  in  conjiection  with  the  suggested  leasing  of  the  Barking 
tramways  situate  between  the  boundarits  of  the  districts  of  East 
Ham  and  Barking,  and  the  supply  of  electricity  to  Barking  Council 
in  bulk.  The  Committee  has  decided  that  the  leasing  be  agreed  to 
on  the  following  basis  : — That  the  Corporation  supplies  the  neces- 
sary cars  and  staff  required  for  all  through  running  and  local 
services,  and  that  for  all  service  purposes  the  section  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  part  of  the  East  Ham  system,  also  that  the  whole  of  the 
revenue  received,  after  deducting  East  Ham's  working  costs,  be  paid 
to  Barking  Council,  and  that  shou'd  these  arrangements  be  com- 
pleted an  offer  be  made  to  the  Barking  Council  for  the  purchase  of 
three  cars  only  ;  the  lease  to  be  for  a  period  of  not  less  than 
three  years,  determinable  thereafter  on  six  months'  notice  by 
either  side  ;  that  an  offer  be  made  to  supply  power  to  the  Barking 
Council  for  traction  purposes,  metered  at  the  boundary,  at  a  charge 
of  r25d.  per  unit  net  for  all  power  supplied,  sufficient  to  operate 
the  section  of  track  above  referred  to  ;  the  agreement  to  be  for  a 
period  of  12  months  and  thereafter  quarterly  ;  not  to  entertain  the 
question  of  giving  a  bulk  supply. 

Folkestone. — Tlic  General  Purposes  Committee  of  the 
T.C.  has  decided  to  oppose  the  Bill  of  the  Tramway  Co.  for  a  railless 
traction  system,  and  to  hold  the  company  to  its  original  agreement. 

JIalifa.x.  — Having  made  an  agreement  with  Brighouse' 
Corporation  by  which  Bradford  and  Hudderslield  were  to  be  excluded 
from  that  borough  with  regard  to  tramways,  unless  with  the  per- 
mission of  the  Halifax  Curjioration,  the  latter  submitted  a  Bill 
embodying  this  agreement  and  other  matters  to  a  poll  of  Halifax 
ratepayers  on  Saturday.  Part  of  the  bargain  with  Brighonse  wm 
"that  '"ilalifax'  shoiild  extend  its  tramways  from  the  centre  of  BHg- 
house  to  Ilastrick  and  pay  over  £4.o<i()  for  necessary  street Tra pro ve- 
ment*.     The    trwrnway    borrowing    powers   nnked    for    in   the   Bill 


Vol.73.   No.  i,83n,jANUAnT.ii,  191.S.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


181 


(imounted  to,  rouirhly,  £200,000,  and  £4(5,000  wan  inoluded  for  an 
imporfant  ntreot  wideninff  in  Halifax.  Tho  rexult  of  the  poll  was 
that  ('.,0:11  pcfHonH  voted  apainut  the  Hill,  and  l,!!:'!  In  favour.  Tho 
Hill  will  iici'dnlinjrly  bo  withdrawn. 

Ilvtho  (Kent), — At  ii  mcotiiif,'  of  tlie  T.C.  (Icncnil 
PiirpoMOH  Comniittt'P  on  January  20th,  it  wnw  decided  to  Bupport  tho 
propoHrd  HyHt«in  of  railloHH  traction,  on  condition  that  tho  proinot«r8 
I>ay  £100  towards  the  li|^htin;f  of  tho  route  and  1 1,000  towardH  the 
ooMt  of  iidaptiiijr  tho  route  to  tho  ("yntcin,  and  tliat  th(!y  will  under- 
take to  carry  out  the  Bobemo  within  two  yearn  of  the  panDinif  of  tho 
Bill.  '       

Leeds. — 'I'lie  pooi)le  ol'  tlic  Whtirfedalc  towns  and  villages 
have  received  with  very  mixed  feelinprH  tho  news  that  the  Corpora- 
tion ha-s  dropped  from  its  Parliamentary  Hill  the  propoealb  for 
runnini;  rnilleps  cars  throuch  tho  valley.  At  Otley  the  abandon- 
ment of  the  proposal  is  felt  with  keen  retrret,  but  at  Burlcy,  Hen 
Uhyddinpr  and  IJkley  the  decieion  has  oauned  Batisfactinn. 

London. — Tiik  Piccadii.i.v  TruK  Collision  Rkport. — 
The  H.  of  T.  report  dealing:  with  tho  collision  which  occurred 
between  an  entering  and  a  stationary  train  at  the  Caledonian  Road 
Station  of  the  Piccadilly  Tube,  in  September  last,  has  now  been 
issued.  The  accident  was  difficult  of  explanation  in  view  of  the 
automatic  signallinf!:  arrangements  used  on  the  tube  railways.  The 
first  train  was  delayed  by  motor  troubles  for  between  two  and  three 
minutes,  and  the  second  train  ran  past  the  sijrnals  and  collided  with 
the  standing  train,  while  travelling  at  18  or  20  miles  an  hour. 

Sir  H.  A.  Yorke,  who  conducted  the  inquiry,  has  come  to  the  con- 
clusion that  the  driver  of  the  second  trnin,  in  view  of  its  coasting 
down  the  incline  between  Holloway  Road  and  Caledonian  Road 
Stations,  sat  down  and  moved  the  reversing  handles  to  the  neutral 
position  so  as  to  render  it  unnecessary  for  him  to  keep  his  hand  on 
the  controller  (dead  man's)  handle,  to  enable  him  to  take  his  ease 
at  greater  convenience. 

The  fact  that  the  brake-handle  was  found  in  the  release  position 
appears  to  indicate  that  the  driver  never  applied  his  brake  at  all, 
and  was  paying  no  attention  to  his  duties  until  the  collision 
occurred.  The  evidence  as  to  the  brakes  being  applied  was  con- 
flicting, and  it  was  agreed  that  the  train  was  running  at  the  speed 
usual  for  a  non-stopping  train.  If  the  signals  failed,  the  failure 
was  of  brief  duration,  judging  by  the  evidence  of  the  driver  of  the 
train,  which  followed  the  above  one  minute  behind  it. 

There  remains  the  question  of  the  train  stop,  which  ought,  if 
the  signals  were  at  danger,  to  have  automatically  applied  the  brakes. 
On  this  point,  Sir  H.  A.  Yorke  tinds  that  the  trip  and  isolating 
cocks  on  the  train  were  in  their  correct  positions,  but  that  the 
train  stop  was  defective,  and  this  probably  caused  it  to  be  sluggish 
in  movement,  and  prevented  it  from  assuming  the  upright  position 
with  sufficient  rapidity  to  catch  the  trip  cock  under  the  train,  and 
stop  the  latter.  The  railway  authorities  ajre  now  engaged  in 
,  improving  the  position  of  the  signal  mechanism,  but  in  any  case 
Sir  H.  A.  Yorke  agrees  that  automatic  signalling  combined  with 
train  stops  may  be  regarded  as  the  safest  system  which  can  be 
adopt«d  on  such. lines  as  the  one  concerned. 

[We  may.  add  that  the  signalling  system  adopted  on  this  and 
other  tube  lines  was  fully  described  in  our  pages  several  years 
ago.] 

L.C.C, — Owing  to  a  cable  burn-out  at  the  Greenwich  tramways 
generating  station  on  Monday  evening,  some  1.200  of  the  Council's 
cars  were  held  up  for  half  an  hour.  A  somewhat  similar  occurrence 
stopped  the  tramway  service  at  Ashton-under-Lyne  on  Thursday 
evening  last  week. 

Woolwich. — The  B.C.  has  decided  to  lodge  a  petition  against  the 
L.C.C.  (Tramways,  Trolley  Vehicles  and  Improvements)  Bill,  as 
regards  the  paragraph  giving  power  to  the  Council  to  run  trolley 
vehicles  between  the  tramway  termini  at  Lee  Green  and  High 
Street,  Eltham. 

North  Wales.  —  It  is  reported  tbat  after  hearing  the 
views  of  a  deputation  from  the  promoters  of  the  proposed  new 
lailway  to  Trefrew  and  Llanrwst,  a  Committee  of  the  Carnarvon- 
shire County  Council  has  decided  to  recommend  a  contribution  of 
£20,000  towards  the  project. 

Persia. — According  to  the  SlanddrJ,  a  London  syndicate 
has  recently  been  formed  with  a  view  to  providing  electric  tram- 
ways and  lighting  in  the  city  of  Baghdad. 

Siberia. — It  is  reported  from  Madivostock  that  a  scheme 
is  at  present  under  consideration  for  the  construction  of  an  electric 
tramway  in  the  town  of  Blagowestchensk. 

Sonthanipton. — The  tramways  manager  has  submitted  a 
report  to  his  Comtoittee  in  which  he  strongly  advises  it  to 
provide  meters  on  the  cars  for  the  purpose  of  checking  waste  of 
energy,  and  in  connection  therewith  to  inaugurate  a  bonus 
system. 

Stirling'. — Asa  result  of  a  decision  come  to  at  last  •week's 
T.C.  meeting,  the  Corporation  Lighting  Committee  is  to  consider 
and  report  as  to  how  an  electric  or  other  improved  tramway  service 
can  be  secured  for  the  town  and  district,  to  be  carried  on  either  as  a 
municipal  undertaking  or  by  a  company.  In  the  course  of  the  dis- 
cnsslon,  it  was  stated  that,  at  one  time,  a  provisional  ariangement 
had  been  come  to  between  the  National  Electric  Construction  Co., 
the  T.C,  and  the  existing  tramway  company,  but  that  they  failed 
to  come  to  terws  with  the  County  Council  tegardlng  the  rortds.  ^he 
Bet^ttflty' AjsodHWDii  1b  8*tttiiftly  .«tipi:»i«'tinB'  the  »ny«Biifl»tt^-^hitn  ■  * 


Stockport. — Delivery  has  now  \x'f:n  mmlo  of  tho   firat 

raiIl(«H  car  to  bo  uwd  on  the  Ofrert')n  rout*-,  and  llm  wicond  car 
WB«  duo  to  arrive  thi«  wi-ek.  After  the  ncrhHriry  trial  run*  and 
H.  of  T.  insix.'clion.  (he  earn  will  tic  avnilablo  for  public  um». 

WilltiiamstOW. —  it  ha.s  lic<rn  dfioidr-d  to  take  no  action 
upon  the  i|uo«tioii  of  tho  advisability  of  hiring  trnmcarH  from  the 
Ley  ton  undertaking.  An  appeal  in  to  be  made  to  the  W»-Ht  Ham 
Union  AHHOHHmcnt  Committee  airalnHt  the  proponal  to  incrcaw:  th'; 
aHtMiSHPient  of  the  electric  light  and  tramwayH  undortakinu'i. 

Wood  (ireen. — The  usscKsment  of  the  piopertics  of  th«; 

MetroiKjIitan  Electric  Tramwayn  in  the  diMtrict  hati  b«cn  reduced 
from  £U,.iOO  gross  and  £:t,«00  rateable  to  £8,.15«  grooit  and  £2..-<30 
rateable.  A  petition  is  to  be  presented  iigainnt  the  .M.E.T.  fUaillewi 
Traction)  Bill  which  enables  tho  company  to  run  raiUesH  trolley 
vehicles  within  the  district. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Germany. — A  wireless  station  is  in  course  of  connruction 
by  the  men  of  the  Telegraph  Battalion  on  the  flying  L'ronnd  at 
•Tohannisthal,  near  Berlin,  for  the  exchange  of  messages  with  the 
marine  airship  L.T.      The  range  of  the  station  is  between  300  and 

400  km. 

Imperial  Wireless  System.— On  Wednesday  last  week 

the  Select  Committee  inquiring  into  the  Marconi  agreement  had 
before  it  Mr.  W.  R.  Laweon,  a  writer  on  financial  and  economic 
questions.  The  witness  criticised  adversely  the  agreement  on  the 
grounds  that  it  would  tie  the  hands  of  the  Post  Office,  and  would 
put  a  stop  to  British  progress  in  long-distance  communication,  aa 
all  competitors  would  be  driven  out  of  the  field.  The  Government,  he 
said,  had  very  indefinite  ideas  as  to  what  they  were  really  purchasing 
from  the  company,  and  the  State  had  been  indirectly  associated 
with  a  huge  Stock  Exchange  gamble.  The  lo  per  cent,  royalty 
alone  condemned  the  agreement  as  a  business  transaction. '  In  addi- 
tion to  the  heavy  royalty,  the  Government  would  have  to  take  all 
the  risks  and  bear  the  cost  of  military  protection,  as  well  as  the 
charges  for  collection  and  distribution  of  telegrams.  Sec.  It  was 
doubtful  whether  the  business  would  bear  more  than  2  or  3  per 
cent,  in  addition  to  the  necessary  expenditure,  and  the  Marconi  Co. 
might  draw  a  large  income  while  the  Post  Office  made  a  heavy 
deficit  ;  the  company  could  buy  up  new  inventions  and  thus  main- 
tain its  grip  on  the  system .  He  contrasted  the  favour  shown  to 
the  Marconi  Co.  with  the  treatment  accorded  by  the  Post  Office  to 
the  cable  companies  and  the  National  Telephone  Co.  While  the 
Post  Office  dictated  terms  to  the  Telephone  Co.,  the  Marconi  Co. 
appeared  to  have  dictated  terms  to  the  Post  Office.  The  cost  of  the 
system  and  the  royalties  were  trifles  compared  with  the  efifect  of 
the  negotiations  on  the  Stock  Exchange.  In  July,  1908,  with  the 
number  of  Marconi  ■  shares  at  394,190,  the  price  on-  the 
Exchange  was  6s.  9d.  ;  in  December,  1912,  with  7.50,000 
shares,  the  price  was  £4:  lOe.,  and  in  April,  1912,  when 
there  were  500,000  shares,  the  price  was  £9  15s. ;  the  total 
market  value  of  the  preference  and  ordinary  shares,  together 
making  £750,000,  was  £7,062,500.  Whereas  the  Post  Office  repre- 
sentatives said  the  agreement  was  forced  upon  them,  the  Post 
Office  was  really  the  master  of  the  situation,  and  the  Imperial 
wireless  system  was  a  matter  of  life  and  death  to  the  company. 

On  the  following  day  Mr.  Lawson  again  gave  evidence.  He 
alleged  that  the  company  was  not  in  a  position  in  1910  to  carry 
out  the  proposal  which  it  then  laid  before  the  Government,  to 
establish  long-distance  communication  at  its  own  cost,  and  said  that 
commercial  opinion  in  the  country  did  not  regard  wireless  tele- 
graphy as  urgent. 

On  Monday  Mr.  Marconi  was  invited  to  state  his  reasons  for 
wishing  to  withdraw  from  the  agreement.  He  said  that  the  only 
efficient  way  of  doing  so,  in  his  opinion,  was  by  giving  evidence  in 
reply  to  all  that  had  been  said.  It  would  not  be  right  for  him  to 
split  up  what  he  had  to  say,  and  he  preferred  to  reserve  his  state- 
ment until  he  had  an  opportunty  of  going  into  the  whole  case. 
Much  had  been  said  that  could  have  been  contradicted,  and  he 
thought  the  time  had  come  when  it  was  essential  that  he  should 
make  his  statement.  The  chairman  announced  that  Mr.  Marcpni 
would  be  heard  in  full,  probably  at  the  end  of  the  jonrnalistic 
evidence. 

Sir  Alex.  King,  recalled,  said  the  Postmaster-General  did  not  think 
it  right  to  reply  to  the  company's  letter  until  the  Committee  had  had 
an  opportunity  of  expressing  its  views  on  the  matter.  The  Postmaster- 
General  asked  him  to  point  out  that  if  it  were  found  that  the 
Marconi  system  was  the  only  one  that  could  safely  lie  employed, 
and  the  Government  were  still  unable  to  carry  out  the  work,  it 
would  be  difficult  to  resist  a  demand  for  higher  terms  if  a  fresh 
contract  had  to  be  negotiated  with  the  company.  He  could  not 
.accept  responribility  for  the  del.iy  wlu#h  had  occurred  since  he  laid 
the  agreement  before  Parliament.  In  the  opinion  of  the  witness, 
the  bargain  was  a  very  i:ood  one,  and  he  could  not  help  feeling  that 
Mr.  Marconi  had  not  been  well  treated.  He  and  his  system  had  been 
attacked,  and  although  he  was  the  wireless  expert  of  the  age.  he  hid 
not  yet  been  given  an  opportunity  of  refuting  the  statements  that  had 
been  made.  The  Government  had  everything  to  gain  and  nothing  to 
lose  by  holding  tie  company  t?>  thecontTacf .  He  understood  that  in 
ttddllitm  to  the  X^fwetf lati  tJOtitthft,  the  dompsny  1>&J  entered  ^'jlto 
a  rtitittiwt  with   tfip  Afprtifltip   Woveriunettt  for  ppinmwvimMpn 


182 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.  i.sse,  jANrABT3i,i9i3. 


with  Africa.  The  Marconi  Co.  had  informed  the  Postmaster- 
General  that  they  were  makin^r  arrangrements  which  would  necessi- 
tate alteration  of  the  proposed  sites  and  the  wave  lengths  of  the 
Imperial  stations. 

The  Committee  sat  a°rain  on  Wednesday,  when  Mr.  Lawson  was 
further  cross-examined. 

Answering  questions  in  the  House  of  Commons,  Mr.  Samuel 
stated  that  he  could  not  pledge  the  Government  not  to  reply  to 
the  letter  of  tho  Marconi  Co.  asking  t)  be  released  from  the  agree- 
ment until  the  Salect  Committee  communicated  with  him.  Any 
observation?  that  the  Committee  might  make  would  be  taken  into 
cmsiderntion. 

lu  accordance  with  the  recommendation  of  the  Select  Com- 
mittee of  the  Hou-e  of  Commons  on  the  Marconi  Contract,  the 
Postmaster-General  has  appointed  a  Committee  ''  to  report  on  the 
merits  of  the  existing  systems  of  long-distance  wireless  telegraphy, 
and  in  particular  as  to  their  capacity  for  continuous  communica- 
tion over  the  distances  required  by  the  Imperial  chain."  The  Com- 
mittee will  consist  of  : — 

Mr.  Justice  Parker  (chairman). 

Mr.  W.  Duddell,  F.K.S.,  President  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical 
Ensrineers. 

Mr.  R.  T.  Glnzebrook.  C.B.,  F.RS.,  Director  of  the  National 
Physical  Laboratory,  Past  President  of  the  Institution  of  Elec- 
trical Engineers. - 

Sir  Alexander  Kennedy,  F.R.S.,  Past  President  of  the  Insti- 
tution.s  of  Mechanical  and  of  Civil  Engineers. 

Mr.  James  Swinburne,  F.R.S.,  Past  President  of  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  Engineer.". 

They  have  been  rci|Ucsled,  as  desired  by  the  Select  Committee, 
in  view  of  the  urgency  of  the  question,  to  report  as  soon  as 
possible,  and  in  any  case  within  three  months  from  the  present 
date. 

\orwaj. — E.xperiments  have  lately  been  made  to" open  up 

telephonic  communication  between  the  most  northerly  point  of  the 
kingdom,  i.f  ,  the  Sulitelma  district,  and  the  most  southerly  part,  the 
Egner-Holmstriim  high-pressnre  telephone  being  made  use  of.  The 
results  have  shown  that,  up  to  a  distance  of  1,.500  km.,  the  tele- 
phone messages  are  clearly  audible. — /eilsclirit't  fUr  i<c/iir(tc/i- 
utriniitechn'li. 

Russia. — The  Department  of  I'osts  and  Telegraphs  has 
decided  to  connect  Moscow  iind  Rigra  by  a  telephone  system  during 
the  course  of  the  present  year.  Branch  lines  will  establish  com- 
munication with  Libau  and  Windau. — Board  of  Trade  JoxrimJ. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Abertleen. — February  10th.  One  ;^,00O-k\v.  turbo- 
alternator,  with  surface  condenser  and  air  pump,  for  the  Corporation. 
See  "Ollicial  Notices"  J.inuary  24th. 

AshtOll-Ulldcr-Lyne. — February  lOtli.  ii.r.  switch- 
gear,  water  softening  plant,  steam,  exhaust  and  feed  pipes,  tanks, 
k"..,  for  the  Corporation.     Soe  "C)fficial  Xotices"  todiy. 

Aostralia. — VuTOitiA. — February  21st.  Four  ],.",(»n- 
KW.  rotary  converters,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  December  6th. 

Westeiin  ArsTHAi.iA.  — February  I'.ith.  Armoured  telegraph 
cable,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  department.  See  "Official  Notices"  January 
10th. 

February  L'7th.-  Buildings  and  boiler-house  equipment,  turbo- 
alternators  and  rotary  converters,  for  a  Government  power  station 
at  Perth.     .See  "  Official  Notices  "  January  2lth. 

Sydney.— March^  7th.    Motors  for  the  City  Corporation. 

South  AuptraIia. — March  .")th.  One  section  of  a  common- 
battery  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

Be ckenham. — February  1 0th.  Arc  lamp  carbons  (flame) 
and  elcctricil  hou.se  cut-outa  and  service  boxes,  for  the  U.P.(;. 
The  Offices,  Beckenham. 

Belfast, — February  5th.  Electric  lamps,  carl)ons,  wire, 
batterie",  Ace.  for  a  year,  for  the  Midland  RaUway  Co.  Northern 
Counties  Committee  (form  No.  27).  Mr.  Ellis,  Stores  Super- 
intendent, York  Road  Station,  Belfast. 

Febrnnrr  2>th. — Stores  and  materials  for  one  or  three  years,  for 
the  City  electricity  department.    Sec  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

BirkenLead.  —  February  llth.  Continuous-current 
electricity  meters  and  house  service  fuse  boxes,  for  the  Corporation. 
Sec  "Official  Notices  "  January  21th. 

Blackhorn, — February  l.')tli.  Materials  for  a  year,  for 
the  Corporation  Electricity  Department.  See  "Official  Notices" 
to-day. 

Bolton. — February  ]:)Lh.  Turbo-altoi-nators  with  con- 
densing plant,  water-tube  boilers,  economisers,  switchgear  and 
Bteam  feed  pumps,  for  the  Corporniion.  '  8fic  "  Offioinl -NoMow  " 
.'hMtt»r/-«l<ih.  :••   1        -T-       - 


Bootle. — February  12th.  Steam  coal  and  slack  for  three 
or  six  months,  for  the  Corporation  electric  light  station.  Borough 
Electrical  Engineer,  PinfGTove. 

ltridlinn;tOD. — February  Sth.  One  600-kw.  turbo- 
generator, with  switchboard  and  pipework  extensioVis,  for  the 
Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices  '   January  24th. 

Bristol. — February  14th.  Arc  lamp  carbons,  joint, 
junction  and  fuse  boxes,  AC.  wattmeters,  and  n.c.  mercury  type 
a-npere-hour  meters,  for  the  City  Electricity  Department.  See 
"Official  Notices  '  to-day. 

Canada. — ^IooskJaw. — February  lOth.  One  1,500-kw. 
steam  turbine  and  generator,  for  the  City  of  Moose  Jaw,  Sask. 
S?e  "  Offi  ;ial  Notices"  January  10th. 

Regin.v. —  I'dbruary  24th.  Supply  of  materials  for  a  street  rail- 
way at  Rfgina,  Sask.,  including  2,140  tons  of  steel  rails,  with  bolts 
and  nuts,  angle  bars,  A;o.  ;  9,690  copper  rail  bonds  ;  21  miles  of  hard 
drawn  trolley  wire,  16  miles  of  stranded  copper  wire,  and  10  miles 
of  soft  drawn  iron  wire  ;  insulators,  hangers,  brackets,  iV:o.  :  20,000 
barrels  of  Portland  cement.  Conies  of  the  specifications,  &c..  from 
II.  Doughty,  Superintendent,  Regina  Municipal  Railway.  Regina. 
It  is  expected  that  copies  will  shortly  be  received  at  the  Commercial 
Intelligence  Branch  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  where  they  will  be 
available  for  inspection  by  manufacturers  in  the  United  Kingdom 
— Itotnd  (I/'  Trade  Joiinial, 

Cardiff'. — February  14th.  One  steel  chimney,  with 
mechanical  draught  plant,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "Official 
Notices  '■  to-day. 

China. — February  10th.  Six  625-k.v.a.  three-phase  oil- 
cooled  transformers,  for  the  Shanghai  Municipal  Council.  See 
"  Official  Notices"  January  24th. 

Colchester. — February  10th.  Duplicate  motor-driven 
air-compressor  plant,  with  pipework,  cables,  switchgear,  kc,  for  the 
Committee  of  Visitors,  Essex  and  Colchester  Asylums.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  January  24th. 

February  l.")th. — Rubber  and  fibre  insulating  materials,  cables, 
electrical  fittings  (lighting),  electrical  equipment  (cars),  overhead 
equipment,  car  fittings,  tVc,  for  the  Corporation  tramways  depart- 
ment. Mr.  R.  C.  BuUough,  General  Manager  and  Engineer, 
Magdalen  Street. 

Constantine.^January  1st,  1914.  The  contract  with 
the  local  gas  company  expiring  in  1920,  the  Mayor  is  prepared  to 
receive  offers  from  individuals  or  companies  -jirepared  to  provide  a 
public  and  private  lighting  service  either  by  gas  or  electricity, 
together  or  separately,  in  separate  tenders  or  jointly.  For  further 
particulars  see  this  column  last  week. 

Croydon. — February  4th.  General  stores  and  goods  for 
a  year,  for  the  Corporation  tramways  department.  Tramways 
Manager,  Thornton  Heath. 

Darlington. — February  17th.  One  1,000-im".  steam 
turbo- alternator,  one  7.50-kw.  and  one  2.i0-KW.  rotary  converter, 
and  one  water-tube  boiler,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

Dublin. —  February  l;«th.  Water-tube  boilers,  •econo- 
misers, pumps,  conveying  plant,  pipework,  &c.,  also  boiler  seatings 
and  flue  work,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Supply  Committee. 
Se;  "Official  Notices  '  Jannary  24th. 

E^r.ypt. — Ararch  .31st.  Section  dcs  Municipalitc'S  invites 
tenders  for  electrip  light  installation  at  Damietta.  For  further 
particulars  see  this  column  last  week. 

Fleetwood.  —  February  Ith.  One  TiOO-KW.  mi.\ed- 
jircssurc  turbine  and  continuous-current  dynamo,  with  condensing 
plant,  and  one  wntcr-tube  boiler,  superheater  and  brickwork,  for  the 
U.D.C.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  January  2!th.  v 

France. — Paris. — March  5th.  The  Administration  of 
the  Chemins  de  Fer  de  I'Etat  is  prepared  to  receive  tenders  for  the 
supply  of  five  travelling  cranes  with  electric  equipment  for  the 
railway  erection  shops  at  Batignolles.  Particulars  from  the  Bureaux 
du  .Service  Electrique  (1st  division),  43,  Rue  de  Rome,  Paris. 

Germany. — Dortmund. — The  T.C.  having  decided  to 

expend  £119.0(10  on  the  improvement  and  extensions  of  its 
electric  power  station  and  tramway  system,  orders  for  electric 
rolling  stock  and  equipment  may  be  shortly  expected. 

Oriiuslty. — February  llth.  One  1,000-KW.  mixed- 
pressure  tnrbine  and  continuous-current  dynamo,  with  condensing 
plant,  for  the  Corporation.    See  "Official  Notices'"  January  24th. 

Halifax. — February  17tb.     Stores  and  materials  for  a 

year,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  department.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

Iloylake  and  West  Kirhy.  —  Januai7  31st.  High- 
tension  single-phase  switchgear  (eight  panels)  and  one  50-K.v.A. 
single-phase  transformer,  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "Official  Notices" 
January  17th. 

.  Hyde. — February  .'ith.  The  Corporation  is  inviting 
tenders  for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  Public  Baths  extension 
Specifications  and  forms  from  the  architect.  Mr.  J.  H.  Fletcher,  45 
fifimmifwt  PtaW.  ttf»1»«.  '  .,. 


Vol.72.  No. i,83rt,jANUAUY 31, 1913.]    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


188 


India. — February  18th.  Hi^li  and  low-tenHion  switch- 
boardfl,  for  the  Bombay,  Biroda  and  Central  India  Railway.  See 
"OfHoia!  Noticog"  to-day. 

liciirlilcy.-  l'\;l)ni!iry  8lli.  Elcotriciuii's  work  for  ii 
year,  for  the  Kciphley  and  Binifloy  Joint  IFoHpital  Board.  Mr.  J.  N. 
Clarkson,  Clerk,  North  Street,  Kei^hley. 

Leeds, —  Febi'uiiry  IDLli.  Coal  and  jjeneral  stores  for  a 
year,  for  the  Corporation  electrio  lifrhtintf  dei)artnicnt.  See  "  Official 
Notices'   .liinimry  2tth. 

February  17th.  -The  City  Traniwny.s  Committee  invites  tenders 
for  eleotritiil  Hundries  and  eIl^rineer8'  furnishintjB  and  other  iroods 
f.r  the  tramways  durinjj'  the  12  months  ended  March  31  st,  I'.MI, 
and  also  for  the  rcoonstruction  of  certain  portions  of  tramway 
track,  in  refpectof  which  tenders  may  be  for  six,  nine  or  12  months. 
(Jeneral  Manager,  Tramway  Offices,  City  Square,  Leeds. 

London.  —  February  \  tli.  The  Metropolitan  Water 
Board  is  inviting  tenders  for  Sec.  '2!i,  electric  lamps  and  accessories, 
for  one  year.  Specifications  and  forms  of  tender  from  the  Clerk  of 
the  Board,  Savoy  Court,  Strand,  W.C. 

IIammers.mith. — February  fith.  General  stores  for  a  year,  for 
the  B.C.  electricity  department.     See  ''  Official  Notices"  Jan.  24th. 

H.M.  Oh'KiCE  OK  WouKS. — February  5th.  Main  switches,  main 
fuses,  switch  fuse  and  fuse  boards,  for  three  years.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  .January  2 1th. 

liKiiwoND.^EV.  February  17th.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the  B.C. 
Elt'ctricity  Department.     See  "Official  Notices"  .January  24th. 

L.r.C. — February  lllh.  The  tramways  department  is  invitinp: 
tenders  for  :>S  1  tons  of  special  section  mild  steel  bars  for  majjnetic 
brake  shoes.  Specifications  and  form  from  Mr.  A.  L.  C.  Fell,  Chief 
Officer  of  Tramways,  ii2,  Finsbury  Pavement,  E.G. 

The  Highways  Committee  is  to  invite  tenders  from  selected  firms 
for  additional  water-condensing:  pipes,  &c..  required  in  connection 
with  the  alteration  of  the  .plant  at  the  Greenwich  grenerating- 
station.  Tenders  are  to  be  invited  from  selected  firms  tor  metallic- 
filament  lamps  for  electric  cars. 

February  ^Sth. — Electric  wiring  of  the  Camberwell  and  Cressy 
Road  car-sheds.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Manchester. — February  18th.  General  stores  for  a 
year,  for  the  Corporation  tramways  'department.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

Nelson. — February  3rd.  One  traction  battery,  one 
automatic  reversible  booster  and  switcbgear,  one  DC.  motor- 
generator  and  switchg-ear,  for  the  Electricity  and  Tramways  Com- 
mittee.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  January  10th. 

Prague. — February  28th.  Tenders  are  invited  for  the 
supply  of  machine  tools,  with  electric  equipment,  to  the  Bohemian 
Northern  Railway.  Particulars  (enclosing  2d.)  from  the  Direktion 
der  Bohmische  Nordbahn,  Abteilung  IV,  Prag. 

Salford, — February  3rd.  Rotary  converters  for  the 
Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  January  24th. 

Sheffield. — February  5tli.  General  stores  for  two  years, 
for  the  City  Electricity  Supply  Department.  See  "Official  Notices" 
January  17th. 

February  Sth. — The  Corporation  Tramways  Committee  is  inviting 
tenders  for  1 ,000  tons  of  steel  tramway  rails.     Specifications,  \c., 
jC2  2s.  (returnable),  from  Mr.  W.  J.   JJadlield,  Surveyor  of  High- 
ways, Town  Hall. 
/ 

'    South   Shields. — February    17th.      Uniforms,   for   the 
Corporation  tramways  department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to  day. 

Spain. — Tenders  have  just  been  invited  by  the  municipal 
authorities  of  Ledesma  (province  of  Salamanca)  for  the  concession 
for  the  electrio  lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period  of  10  years. 

Uruguay. — March  29th.  Five  electric  gantry  cranes 
for  Customs  warehouses  at  Monte  Video.  B.  of  T.  C.I.  Depart- 
ment in  London. 

Warrington. — February  3rd.  "We  are  asked  to  state 
that  a  misprint  occurred  in  the  notice  of  last  week.  Specifications 
Tor  the  electric  li;;ht  installation  at  Public  Baths  are  to  be  applied 
for  at  the  office  of  the  Borough  Surveyor  (Mr.  A.  M.  Ker),  Town 
Hall,  Warrington.  Drawings  ean  be  inspected,  and  further  par- 
ticulars obtained,  at  the  office  of  Mr.  F.  V.  L.  Mathias,  the  borough 
electrical  and  tramways  engineer.  Electricity  Works,  Warrington. 


CLOSED. 


Bristol. — The  Docks  Committee  has  accepted  the  tender 
of  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  supply  of  flexible  crane 
cable. 

Belgium. — La  Socictc  dc  Ateliers  de  Constructions  Eiec- 
triques  of  Charleroi  has  submitted  the  lowest  tender  to  the  Belgian 
Post  and  Telegraph  authorities  for  tbe  supply  and  erection,  of  tw-p^ 
new  telephone  cables  between  Brussels  and  Antwerp,'fttiH  »  hew 
Hoc  IwtiHWrti  Stjhiwtbwk  and  Diejjheih, 


Be.\hill. — The  tender  of  Mensrs.  MyorH,  Rose  &  Co.  for 
the  Hnpply  of  1,000  tonii  of  coal  for  the  electrioitv  work*,  kt  20i«.  per 
ton  (Shii)loy  orTibBhrlf  peaa),  han  been  accepted  by  the  Council. 

Blackpool. — The  llifrhways  Committee  hiiK  oeeopted  the 
tender  of  McBHrs.  Mather  .t  I'latt,  Ltd.,  for  the  niippiy  of  two  *!<•(:• 
trlcally-driv(m  puinps. 

The  T.C.  has  plai'fd  an  order  with  McHHrs.  Halley'H  Induntrial 
Motors,  Ltd..  of  Vok<;r,  for  the  supply  of  a  petrol  motor  tower 
wagon  for  cervine  in  connection  with  the  maintenance  of  tbe 
electric  tramway  overhead  conductom. 

Bury. — 'I'lie  Tramways  Committee  has  placed  a  fxuitraet 
with  the  I'nited  Electric  Car  (Jo.  for  the  supply  of  four  new  car 
bodies,  and  a  contract  with  MesHrn.  Dick,  Kerr  A.  ('c,  Ltd.,  for  a 
pair  of  40-11. e.  motors. 

Great  Yarmouth. — The  R.  of  ('•.  has  accepU-d  the 
tender  of  Mr.  J.  Lamb,  of  Bridge  Foot,  Southtown,  for  electric 
light  at  the  new  receiving  home,  at  £29  19b.  !)d.  There  were 
six  tenders,  the  highest  being  £4H. 

heighley. — Messrs.  Clough,  Smith  &  Co.,  fitd.,  have 
secured  from  the  Trackless  Trolley,  Ltd.,  the  contract  for  the 
overhead  equipment  on  the  over-running  system  for  the  Ingrow 
to  Haworth  section  of  the  Keighley  Corporation's  trackless  syttem. 

London. — Paddixcton. — The  Guardians  have  aceeptcd 
the  quotation  of  Messrs.  Drake  &  Gorham,  for  a  supply  of  Osram 
electric  lamps. 

Wood  (Jkkkn, — The  tender  of  the  Private  Telephone  Co.  has 
been  accepted  by  the  I'.D.C.  for  installing  21  Sterling  inter- 
communicating telephones  at  the  Town  Hall,  at  £i;3  4s.  plus  £<i  .")S. 
for  lead-covered  cable  and  a  maintenance  charge  of  £5  per  annum. 

Woolwich. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Kirk 
and  Randall  for  steel  work  for  the  electricity  engine  house  at  £  1,486. 

Preston, — 'J'he  Tramways  Committee  has  recommended 
the  acceptance  of  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Dick,  Kerr  &  Co..  Ltd.,  for 
.50  to  60  tons  of  rails  for  relaying  a  portion  of  Church  Street  track, 
at  the  rate  of  £7  17s.  9d.  per  ton,  exclusive  of  royalties. 

Peliin. — Messrs.  Pritchetts  &  Gold,  Ltd.,  have  received  an 
order  for  a  battery  of  120  cells,  600  ampere-hour  capacity,  for  the 
Pekin  Legation. 

West  Ham. — The  British  "Westinghouso  Co.'s  contract 
with  the  T.C.  for  supplies  of  transformers  is  to  be  extended  for  a 
further  period  of  12  months.  In  regard  to  this  matter  the  Council's 
electrical  engineer  states  that  the  prices  of  transformers  of  the  sizes 
used  have  'ncreased  from  3  per  cent,  to  o  per  cent.,  and  by  the  end 
of  March  the  increase  would  be  much  more  than  this,  and  it  would 
b(!  to  the  advantage  of  the  Council  to  accept  the  offer  made  by  the 
V'estinghouse  Co. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


The  Electrical  Engineers'  Ball.— Friday,  J,anuary  31st.  At  9  p.m.  Hotel 
Cec-ir,  liondon. 

North-East  Coast  Institution  of  Engineers  and  Shipbuilders  (Graduate 

Section).— batiird.ay.  Feliruary  Ist.    At  7.15  p.m.    At   Holbec   Hall,  ^ew- 
castlf.    Paper  on  "Pipe  Design,"  l)y  Mr.  J.  Dickinson. 

Society  of  Engineers.— Monday,  February  3rd.  At  7.30  p.m.  At  the  I.B.E. 
Paper  on  "  The  Bus  i'.  Tram  Controversy,  and  otlier  Aspects  of  the  London 
Trallic  Problem,"  by  Mr.  W.  Vorath  Lewis. 

Royal  Society  of  Arts.- Monday,  Februaiy  3rd.  At  8  p.m.  Cantor  lecture 
on  "  Li<|uid  Fuel,"  by  Prot.  V.  B.  Lewes.    (Lecture  III.) 

Wednesday,  February  Sth. — At  8  p.m.  Paper  on  "The  Economic  and 
Hygienic  Value  of  Good  Illumination,"  by  Mr.  L.  Gaster. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Newcastle  Section).— Monday,  Feb- 
ruary 3rd.  At  7.30  p.m.  At  the  Armstrong  College.  Newcastle.  Author's 
reply  to  discussion  on  "  Electric  Resistance  Welding,"  and  demoDStratioD 
of  butt  welding. 

(Glasgow  Students'  Section).— Tuesday,  February  4th.  At  8  p.m. 
At  the  Uuval  Tcohnical  College,  Glasgow.     Paper  on  "  Electrical  Estimates 

and  Opportunities, ■'  by  Mr.  N.  C.  Woodtin. 

(Manchester  Students'  Section'.— Tuesday.  February  1th.  At  7.30 
p.m.  At  the  Municipal  School  of  Technology,  Manchester.  Paper  on 
"  Winding  of  Electrical  Machinery,"  by  Mr.  A.  T.  Robertson. 

(Students' Section).— Wednesday,  February  Sth.  At  7.43  p.m.  At  the 
I.E.E.  Paper  on  "  Low  and  Mixed-Pressure  Turbine  Plant,"  by  Mr.  C.  H. 
Ooulden. 

Chemical  Society.— Thursday,  February  6th.  At  8.80  p.m.  At  Burlington 
House,  W.  Papers  on  "  The  Presence  of  Helium  in  a  (las  from  the  Ii^terior 
of  an  -K-riiy  Bulb."  by  Sir  Wm.  Ramsay:  "The  Presence  of  Neon  in 
Hydrogen  alter  the  Passage  of  the  Electric  r)isehargo  through  the  Latter  at 
Low  Piessures,"  by  Messrs.  J.N.  Collie  and  H.  Patterson  ;  and  other  papers. 

Boyal  Institution.— Thursday,  February  Cth.  At  3  p.m.  Lecture  on  '  Recent 
Research  on  the  Gas  Engine,"  by  Prof.  B.  Hopkinson.    (Lecture  IL) 

Saturday,  February  8th.— At  3  p.m.  Lecture  on  "The  Properties  and 
Constitution  of  the  Atom,"  by  Prof,  Sir  J.  J.  Thomson.    (Lecture  I.) 

Association  of  Mining  Electrical  Engineers.- Friday,  Febrnaiv  7th.  At 
K  p.m.  At  the  LK.E.,  Embankment,  W.C.  Paper  on  "Cables  tor  the 
Shafts  of  Mines,"  by  Mr.  E.  K.  Scott. 

\S50Ciation  of  Engineers-in-Charge.— Saturday,  February  Sth.  At  St. 
Bride's  Institute,  E.C.    Social.    Danco. 


Dance. — To-morrow,  Saturday  evenintr.  the  Osram  and 
.Robertson  Social  and  Athletic  Club  will  hold  a  plain,  fancy  and 
evening  dress  dance  at  the  Brook  Green  Works,  Hammersmith. 
Dntioinir  from- 7  tt'oltrok  to  12  o'clock. 


184 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE\TEW.   [VoL72.  No.i.sse,  jaotabysi.  1913. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Offloer— tiiKUT.-CoL.  H.  M.  T.faf. 

The  following  orders  have  been  ieened  for  the  current  week : — 

Momlav,  Fcliruary  3rd. — "A"  Companj.  Eecruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 
company  training,  7  lo  10  p.m. 

Tuesday,  Febrnary  Uh.— "B"  Company.  Recroit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Thursday,  Fe>>raary  6th.— "C"  Company.     Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m 
iViday,   February  7tli. — "D"   Company.      Recroit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.' 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Saturday,  February  8th.— "  C"  Ccuipany.  Week-end  run  at  Fort  Coalhousc, 
East  Tilbury.  Paiade  at  Fencbunh  Ftictt  Station  ai  ;i  p.m.,  for  tiiiin 
leaving  at  3.25  ]i.m.  tor  Low  Street.  Dress  : — Eervice  dress,  putties  and 
Kreatc-oats.    No  arms  will  be  taken. 

Head(|uarter8    will   be    opened    for   regimental    buainees  only  from 
10  a.m.  till  12  noon. 


(Bigned) 


P.  H.  Cajipbell,  Capt.  R.E.,  and  Adjt., 

For  Officer  commanding  L.E.E, 


NOTES. 


The  ■■  Point  Fives." — We  are  informed  that  a  meeting 
of  the  id.  a  unit  men  has  been  held  in  London  under  the  chairman- 
ship of  Mr.  Cooke,  of  Luton,  and  that  a  set  of  rules  has  been  adopted 
for  an  Association  to  be  called  the  "  Point  Fives.''  No  one 
interested  in  electricity  supply  ■nork  will  disagrree  with  the  under- 
lying objects  of  this  new  Association,  and  we  cannot  wish  it  greater 
success  than  that  its  ostensible  purpose,  i.r.,  the  development  of  the 
use  of  electricity  for  domestic  purposes,  shall  be  so  fully  attained 
in  the  near  future  as  to  render  its  individual  existence  no  longer 
necessary.  The  Association  is  to  meet  four  times  a  year,  one  occa- 
sion being  at  the  I.M.E.A.  Convention,  and  the  next  meeting  is  at 
Bradford. 

Jlr.  Cooke  stated  that  in  order  to  promote  the  more  rapid  and 
extensive  use  of  electrical  ener^ry  for  cookiDy  purposes,  the  Society 
was  very  badly  in  need  of  a  compact,  reliable  and  low-priced  com- 
plete cooking  outfit  which  would  meet  the  requirements  of  the 
average  family  of  six  to  eight  persons.  Although  there  were 
several  cooking  outfits  on  the  market,  there  did  not  appear  to  be 
any  uniformity  of  opinion  among  the  manufacturers  as  to  what 
the  public  really  rer|uired,  nor  did  they  appear  to  realise  the  large 
sale  they  could  obtain  if  the  price  of  this  class  of  apparatus  was 
such  as  would  bring  it  within  the  reach  of  the  middle-class 
consumer.  He  therefore  believed  that  the  suggestion  made  by  Mr. 
Kowley  Hill  at  the  last  meeting  was  the  only  solution  of  the 
present  difficulty,  viz.,  to  standardise  this  apparatus  as  soon  as 
possible.  He  suggested  that  the  Society  should  adopt  a  standard 
specification  for  a  complete  cooking  outfit,  and  arrange  with  the 
manufacturers  for  the  pnrchase  of  a  certain  quantity  over  a  given 
period.  After  this  complete  outfit  had  been  standardised,  the 
Society  cotild  then  turn  its  attention  to  the  standardisation  of 
other  articles  for  cooking  and  heating.  He  submitted  a  draft  speci- 
fication as  a  nucleus  around  which  the  Society  might,  with  the  co- 
operation of  the  manufacturers,  develop  something  practical. 

Annnal  Dinner. — The  employi-s  of  Blackpool  electricity 
and  tramways  department  had  their  second  annual  dinner  at  the 
Winter  Gardens,  on  January  2.Srd.  About  HO  attended.  Mr.  C. 
Fomess.  electrical  engineer  and  tramways  manager,  presided,  and 
was  supported  by  several  members  of  the  Corporation.  The  chair- 
man submitted  the  toast  of  the  "  Mayor  and  Corporation,"  and 
said  that  the  department  had  had  a  record  year,  which  could  not 
harve  been  achieved  without  the  co-pp€ration  of  each  of  the  employes, 
who  were  all  links  in  the  municipal  chain.  It  was  of  no  use  for 
the  Committee  to  pass  resolutions  for  the  general  manager  to  carry 
out  unless  every  man  in  the  department  believed  they  were  right 
and  proper  and  carried  them  out  to  the  best  of  his  ability.  They 
all  tried  their  best  without  any  tyranny  on  the  part  of  the  general 
manager  or  the  staff.  Councillor  W.  (1.  IJean,  in  proposing  the  health 
of  the  employes,  commented  with  pride  on  the  fact  that  last  year 
13,0011,000  passengers  were  carried  on  the  Blackpool  Corporation 
cars,  and  that  there  had  only  been  one  accident.  lie  also  alluded 
to  the  work  of  the  electricity  department.  Mr.  .1.  Appleton,  of  the 
electricity  department,  acknowledged  the  compliment. 

Parliamentarv    Notes.  —  Tidworth  and  Bilford 

CAMPii  <'Electkic  Installation). — In  the  House  of  Commons  on 
.Tanuary  22nd,  Mr.  Tonche  asked  the  Secretary  of  State  for  War 
if  the.  specifications  for  the  electrical  installation  at  Tidworth  and 
Bnlford  cimps  were  prepared  by  a  private  firm  :  .tnd,  if  so,  would 
he  mention  the  name  of  the  firm  and  say  why  they  were  not  pre- 
pared by  the  War  Office  electrical  department.  Mr.  H.  Baker 
replied  that  the  specifications  in  question  were  prepared  by  Messrs 
Kennedy  Ic  Jenkin  in  conjunction  with  the  War  Office  electrical 
htaff.  This  ttaff,  which  wins  mainly  employed  on  electric  lighting 
for  defence  purposes,  was  not  large  enough  completely  to  supervise 
extensive  new  installationc  such  as  the  Tidworth  and  Bulford 
scheme.  Mr.  Touche  then  asked  at  what  place  the  Armordnct 
cable,  selected  for  the  army  camps  at  Tidworth  and  Bnlford,  would 
be  inspected  by  reprei*ntativp«  of  the  War  OfBce,  Mr.  Baker  replied 
that  mmnr.  Kennedy  *  .Tonktn  vrvnW  tnopprfthp  pttMi'  UMItp  W*Mo< ' 


of  Messrs.  Lynen  &  Co.,  Esohweiler,  near  Aix-la-Chapelle.  Mr 
Touche  further  asked  the  Secretary  of  State  for  War  if  his  attention 
had  been  called  to  an  advertisement  circulated  by  the  Armordnct 
Manufacturing  Co.,  setting  forth  that  the  Armorduct  cable  had 
been  selected  by  the  contractors  to  the  War  Office  for  the  army 
camps  at  Tidworth  and  Bulford,  requiring  approximately  300  miles  ; 
was  this  cable  manufactured  by  Lynen  &  Co.,  E^^chweiler,  Ger- 
many ;  would  he  say  who  were  the  contractors  who  were  providing 
the  cable  ;  and  were  all  the  competing  contractors  given  an  oppor- 
tunity of  quoting  for  German  cable,  or  were  they,  or  any  of  them, 
asked  to  tender  for  best  quality  English  cable.  Mr.  Baker  said  that 
nothing  was  known  at  the  War  Office  of  the  advertisement 
mentioned.  The  cable  was  manufactured  by  the  company  referred 
to.  The  contractors  were  Messrs.  G.  E.  Taylor  ,^;  Co.  All  com- 
peting contractors  were  given  the  same  opportunity  to  ((uote  for 
any  cable  complying  with  the  British  Standards  Committee  Report 
Xo.  7,  of  1910.  Mr.  Touche  asked  if  attention  had  been  drawn  to 
an  advertisement  in  the  papers  to  this  efi'ect : — "  Is  Armorduct  cable 
good  enough  for  you  ?  It  is  good  enough  for  His  Majesty's  War 
Office."  He  asked  if  the  hon.  member  considered  it  desirable  that 
the  War  Office  should  thus  be  used  for  the  purpose  of  advertising 
the  goods  of  foreign  competitors.  Mr.  Baker  said  he  had  heard 
nothing  of  the  advertisement,  but  could  assure  Jlr.  Touche  that  the 
cable  was  fully  up  to  their  requirements. 

41aniiniam  in    1012. — The    rejwrt  for  lOlJ  of  the 

Berlin  metal  firm  of  M.  Levy  k  Co.  recalls,  among  other  matters, 
the  fact  that  the  Neuhausen  Aluminium  Co.,  the  French  alu- 
ininitlm  companies  which  had  previously  combined  among  them- 
selves, the  two  English  componies  and  the  Norwegian  works 
formed  an  international  syndicate,  which  will  work  hand  in  band 
with  the  Canadian  and  L'^nited  States  companies.  It  is  of  some 
interest  to  learn  that  the  large  stocks  which  were  held  at  the 
close  of  191 1  have  been  entirely  consumed  by  the  works  which  pro- 
duce domestic  and  fancy  articles,  the  electricity  companies  and  thS 
airship  works  and  the  motor-car  industry.  During  the  final 
quarter  of  1912  the  motor-car  works  in  the  United  States  in  parti- 
cular imported  large  quantities  of  aluminium  from  Europe,  whereas 
up  to  a  short  time  previously  American  metal  was  being  delivered 
in  Europe.  The  prices  of  aluminium  rose  in  accordance  with  the 
development  of  the  market  from  JE50  per  ton  in  the  autumn  of 
1911  to  £70  in  June,  1912,  and  further  advanced  by  the  close  of 
the  year  to  £85  and  up  to  £90.  As  the  stocks  are  completely 
exhausted,  the  report  states  that  prices  favourable  to  makers  can 
be  reckoned  on  in  the  present  year  also. 

Callender's  Hospital  Fund. — With  the  close  of  the 

year  1912  the  Callender's  Hospital  and  Distress  Fund  completed  ita 
first  decade.  At  the  general  meeting,  held  on  January  2.')th  at  the 
Belvedere  Works,  Mr.  A.  R.  Kibblewhite  presiding,  the  tenth 
annual  report  and  accounts  were  presented  and  unanimously 
approved.  The  penny  weekly  subscriptions  realised.  £270,  which  is 
b^tterljy  £r)7  than  in  I'Oll,  and  there  w'eredoii'ations  of  about  £70, 
including  £50  from  the  company,  £5  5s.  from  Mr.  T.  ().  Callecder, 
and  £2  2s.  each  from  seven  others.  The  report  details  the  various 
ways  in  which  the  money  was  distributed,  £2.'')l  going  to  hospitals 
and  infirmaries  ;  this  is  the  highest  sum  on  record  to  go  in  this 
direction,  and  is  an  increase  of  £:?3  on  the  1911  figure.  Some  £52 
was  granted  to  37  cases  needing  financial  assistance,  while  spectacles 
and  surgical  appliances  were  provided  to  a  large  number  of  members, 
and  numerous  hospital,  convalescent  home  and  nursing  home 
tickets  were  given  out.  It  is  interesting  to  record  that  during  the 
10  years  the  fund  has  distributed  among  hospitals  and  members 
money  and  assistance  in  the  above  forms  to  the  excellent  total  of 
£2,8811,  and  has  issued  2,G6S  letters.  Those  responsible  for  the 
conduct  of  this  admirable  fund  are  to  be  congratulated  upon  such 
splendid  ai-hievements. 

Admiralty    Electrical    Enjrineers.  — The   Admiralty 

has  notified  the  authorities  at  Plymouth  that  in  future  electrical 
engineers  and  assistant  electrical  engineers  are  to  be  borne  on  the 
established  list,  pensionable  scales  of  salary  being  substituted  for 
the  non-pensionable  salaries  at  present  payable.  Electrical 
engineers,  highest  grade,  are  to  receive  salaries  of  £450,  rising  by 
annual  increments  of  £20  to  £('i5U,  with  an  official  residence,  or  an 
allowance  of  £.">0  to  £75  in  lieu  thereof.  Electrical  engineers,  lower 
grades,  are  to  receive  salaries  of  £:iOO,  rising  by  £15  increments  to 
£400,  with  an  official  residence,  or  an  allowance  of  £50  in  lieu. 
First  assistant  electrical  engineers  are  to  receive  £250  to  £:!50  a 
year,  and  second  assistant  electrical  engineers  £200  to  £250  a  year. 
The  pensionable  scales  arc  to  apply  to  all  future  entrants,  but 
officials  now  serving  are  to  be  given  the  option  of  being  placed  on . 
the  pensionable  scales.  They  will  enter  these  scales  from  the  date 
of  obtaining  the  necessary  Civil  Service  certificate  at  the  salaries 
they  would  have  been  receiving  if  they  had  served  in  the  pension- 
able capacity  throuehout  on  the  above  scales,  plus  the  proportion 
of  increment  earned  on  these  scales  up  to  the  dates  of  their  certifi- 
cates. They  will  not  be  allowed  to  count  their  previous  service  for 
pension.  With  reference  to  the  petitions  of  electrical  engineers 
asking  for  an  increase  of  pay.  the  Admiralty  states  that  it  is 
not  prepared  to  make  any  alterations  in  the  scales  other  than  those 
indicated  above,  j 

More  Wireless. — A  correpiiondent  anticipates  a  slump  in 

copper  and  a  sharp  rise  In  the  timber  and  tin-can  trade  ae  a  result 
of  some  "  wonderfully  clever  work ''  by  scientific  members  of  the 
Ilampfhire  House  Club,  Hammersmith — at  least,  if  the  Daily 
Minor  account  in  Friday's  issue  is  correct.  This  informs  us 
that  "  they  have  no  expensive  apparatus,  but  have  made  delicate 
instramentK,  like  ^Prtrlo  hellp  "aPd^gal^rnnomBtyrp,  .ogtof  Ol<J^jM»f-. 
bwtw  Bttti  Htt-'iiMw."    iVthflfix  MSty  iiIvh!I  ^w»»w*^fff  iTw, 


Vol.72.  No.  i.ssc,  januauy .11. 1913.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


185 


Old  Ontralians, — The  fiftccntli  aluuial  dinner  of  tlics 
al)ovo  AfKDi'iation  will  bo  held  on  Sivturflay,  Kcbninry  Ifith,  at  th« 
Trocadoro  Kc^tauraiit,  l'ic(;ndilly  Circus,  VV.  Tho  chuir  will  bo 
taken  at  7.:i(l  ]).in.  by  Sir  .lohn  Wolfo- Barry,  K  (.'.B.,  !•' K  S.,  th« 
rrcsidciit  (if  tho  Old  ContraliaiiH.  Tho  annual  general  mooting'  ih 
arranifi'd  to  proocdo  tho  dinner,  and  will  oonimenco  at  <>.45  ii.m. 
Further  information  and  tickots  (price  i'.h.  M.)  can  bs  obtained 
from  Mr.  (i.  \V.  Tripp,  A.(.'.(i  I.,  I,  Fairfiold  Hoad,  Charlton,  K-nt. 
"Old  Oentraliaim"  Ih  tho  name  of  tho  Anttooiation  forinorly  known 
as  Central  Technical  (Julletjc  Old  Studont«'  Ansociation,  the  ohantre 
beinR- made  when  tho  (JoIU'KO  hnoame  tho  City  and  Guilds  (En)?i- 
neorinjj')  (/'ollojro,  and  it  i»  hoped  that  the  new  name  will  servo  as 
an  effective  link  with  the  past. 

Electrical  Trades  rnibn. — The  Falham  Branch  of  this 

Union  is  holdinfj  the  fourth  of  its  winter  lectures  on  Jlonday  next. 
February  8rd,  at  !>.:W  p.m.,  ,at  tho  Rod  Lion  Hotel,  Walham  Green, 
when  Mr.  Andrew  Clark,  of  tho  Anti-Socialist  Union,  will  bo  the 
lecturer.  A  welcome  will  be  extended  to  anybody  engaged  in  the 
trade. 

Electrical    Fatality, — At  the  "Wandsworth  Town  Hall 

on  Monday,  Mr.  S.  Intrleby  Oddie  held  an  inquiry  reparding  the 
death  of  William  Laming,  aged  32,  a  labourer,  who  was  killed  by 
an  electric  shock.  The  deceased  was  in  the  employ  of  Messrs. 
Bentley  A:  Lock,  contractors,  who  'are  carrying  out  sewerage  work 
in  Mandrake  Road,  where  tho  fatality  occurred.  Deceased  left  a 
widow  and  four  little  children. 

Tho  deceased  and  other  men  wore  working  at  excavations  in 
Mandrake  Road,  and  earth  was  hoisted  up  by  an  electric  crane  from 
the  tunnelling.  The  deceased  was  found  dead,  after  he  ha<l  been 
heard  to  exclaim  ''  Oh  '.  "  at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft. 

The  driver  of  the  crane,  William  Jamep,  said  that  he  had  no 
gauge  to  show  him  when  there  was  a  short  circuit.  He  had  never 
known  the  hook  to  become  electrified.  The  strength  of  the 
electricity  was  200  volts.  The  wire  rojie  of  the  crane  was  not  in- 
sulated, but  witness  knew  of  no  defect  in  the  machinery.  The  first 
witness  knew  about  the  deceased  being  found  was  when  the  banks- 
man toli  him  to  switch  off  the  current.  At  the  time  witness 
suggested  that  the  man  had  received  an  electric  shock. 

Dr.  R.  S.  Trevor,  pathologist  at  St.  George's  Hospital,  who  made 
a  post-mortem  examination,  deposed  that  he  found  no  marks  of 
injury  on  any  part  of  the  body,  but  at  the  root  of  the  neck  on  the 
left  side  he  discovered  a  small  oval  pink  mark  on  the  skin.  Iq  the 
centre  of  this  were  numerous  minute  pin-point  darker  spots  of 
hamorrhage.  Internally  all  the  organs  in  the  body  were  perfectly 
healthy — there  were  no  signs  of  disease  at  all,  and  so  far  as  the 
examination  itself  was  concerned,  it  did  not  reveal  the  cause  of 
death.  There  was  no  mark  on  the  sole  of  the  foot  and  no  signs  of 
burning  on  the  feet  and  clothing.  The  only  important  sign  was 
on  the  neck,  and  that  was  very  superficial.  He  did  not  die  from 
the  effects  of  bad  air,  or  through  disease.  He  formed  the  opinion 
that  he  received  a  shock  at  the  side  of  the  neck  where  the  pink 
mark  was.  It  would  correspond  with  the  height  of  the  hook  of 
the  crane,  and  as  it  was  in  the  region  of  the  great  vessels  of  the 
neck,  it  would  have  been  quite  sufficient  to  produce  immediate 
death.  He  concluded  that  death  was  due  to  an  electric  shock. 
There  would  be  a  sudden  stoppage  of  the  heart. 

Heart  failure  following  an  electric  shock  .' — Yes. 

Would  200  volts  be  sufficient .' — I  think  so,  if  received  over  the 
great  vessels  of  the  neck.  The  boots  and  clolKing  were  damp. 
There  is  a  case  recorded  of  the  death  of  a  man  who  received  225 
volts  by  touching  an  ordinary  electric  lamp.  He,  too,  was  wearing 
damp  boots. 

Damp  boots  would  make  the  conduction  more  active  ? — Yes,  more 
especially  as  the  hands  were  wet,  deceased  having  worked  in  a  damp 
tunnel. 

The  mark  you  found  on  the  neck  was  the  result  of  the  coirtact .' 
— It  is  impossible  to  say,  but  it  occurred  to  me  it  might  be.  It  is 
quite  common,  in  cases  of  electric  shock,  to  find  no  marks.  [The 
witness  handed  the  Coroner  the  book  in  which  the  case  he  had  cited 
was  recorded.] 

Evidence  of  a  technical  nature  was  then  given  by  Mr.  Chas.  A. 
Baker,  M.I.E.E..  principal  assistant  in  the  L.C.C.  engineers'  depart- 
ment and  electrical  inspector  under  certain  Acts  and  orders.  He 
made  an  examination  of  the  crane  with  the  object  of  finding  out 
whether  it  was  well  earthed,  and  with  the  instruments  at  his 
disposal  he  came  to  the  conclusion  that  a  man  could  not  get  a 
shock  from  the  wire.  Had  it  been  sufficiently  earthed  it  would 
have  been  impossible  for  any  man  standing  on  the  earth  to 
receive  a  shock. 

Then  if  you  electrified  the  rope  it  would  not  give  a  man  a  shock 
if  it  were  properly  earthed  ' — Xo,  sir. 

When  witness  subsequently  made  an  examination  with  more 
sensitive  instruments,  he  found  there  was  a  slight  resistance,  suffi- 
cient to  make  it  possible  for  a  man  to  get  a  shock,  but  he  thought 
it  was  improbable.  He  could  not  make  out  where  the  wire 
got  the  electricity  from,  although  it  might  liave  come  from  the 
motor  if  there  was  a  leakage.  The  man  in  the  cabin  of  the  crane 
could  not  receive  a  shock,  unless  he  touched  tho  switchboard.  If 
there  were  defective  insulation,  there  would  be  a  "permanent 
e8cai>e  the  whole  time  the  motor  was  working.  Of  course  it 
would  vary,  and  would  mean  a  serious  figure  to  the  meters  ;  it 
would  tend  to  blow  the  fuses. 

How  do  you  think  this  wire  became  temporarily  electrified ;  I 
should  have  thought  that  it  would  have  gone  on  permanently  ' — 
It  would  be  intermittent  with  the  motion  of  the  crane.  A  jerk 
inight'cauBe  it;  and  another  iiilght'remove  it.  ■      . 

Witnees  thought  that  the  real   Bafegnard  would  be  to  harp  an 


earth  plate  oonneoted  with  the  cabin  and  machinery  l»y  mean*  of  a 
coliper  wire. 

That  would  make  it  abHoluU'ly  *afo  ,'  — I  think  io. 

I«  it  the  duty  nt  any  council  or  the  Board  of  Trade  to  io«peot 
those  cranes  '—Not  to  my  knowlcdgn,  nir. 

Can  anyone  put  up  a  cruiie  without  inniio'ition  '  V(*,  with  thin 
voltage,  but  the  Board  ol  Traiie  varieH  the  figure— low  premure, 
high  pressure,  ,v.  This  cume  undor  tho  head  of  low  prciware,  lach 
as  is  admitted  into  houiM^H  for  private  coDnamer*  —  the  public 
generally.     It  is  conHidereii  reawonably  Bafc. 

That  is  to  nay,  that  ItejauHe  there  in  only  one  recorded  cane  of 
death  with  such  pressure,  it  is  regarded  aH  Hafe  .'— Ye«. 

Continuing,  witness  said  that  when  the  voltage  was  double  the 
strenirth  tho  supply  companies  had  to  satisfy  the  Board  of  Trade 
that  their  requirements  hiid  been  met.  Subje<3t  to  that,  one 
could  use  the  electricity  as  he  pleased-  there  would  be  nothing  said 
as  to  tho  working. 

In  gumming  up,  the  Coroner  described  the  caHC  as  a  difficult  one, 
but  said  it  was  not  so  complicated  as  he  at  first  thought  it  would 
be.  It  was  evident  that  the  deceased  did  not  die  through  inhaling 
poisonous  gas,  or  there  being  a  deficiency  of  oxygen.  Dr.  Trevor's 
opinion  was  his  (the  Coroner's),  and  he  thought  the  jury  must 
irresistibly  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  deceased  died  aa  the 
result  of  receiving  an  electric  shock.  The  jury  could  not  very  well 
blame  anyone  for  the  fatality,  for  those  in  charge  of  the  crane 
could  not  have  l)een  aware  that  the  man  was  .going  to  be  killed. 
Now  that  a  life  had  been  lost  the  authorities  might  think  it 
desirable  that  cranes,  such  as  the  one  in  question,  should  be  inspected 
before  workmen  arrived,  in  order  that  they  might  not  be  put  in  a 
position  of  risk.  Now  that  they  had  had  experience  of  a  sad  case, 
he  thought  that  in  future  precautions  should  be  adopted  by 
people  in  charge  of  machinery  such  as  this. 

After  a  short  consultation  in  private,  the  jury  returned  a  verdict 
that  the  deceased  was  accidentally  killed  by  an  electric  shock,  and 
added  that  "  further  precautions  should  be  taken  in  future." 

Ittanicipal  v.   Private   Ownership  in   Germany.— 

In  a  recent  issue  of  the  Swedish  'JHnixk  Ttrhxhrift,  an  interesting 
paragraph  appears  regarding  municipal  electrical  works  in  (Jerman 
cities,  showing  that  municipal  administration  is  not  proving  all 
that  might  be  expected. 

Electrical  stations  in  the  German  cities  are,  as  a  rule,  municipal 
property,  and  a  great  number  of  them  have  done  very  well  in  spite 
of  the  rather  cumbrous  admmistration  which  is  associated  with 
public  or  municipal  working  of  an  enterprise. 

.  There  are  now,  however,  signs  of  a  tendency  to  hand  such  works 
over  to  private  enterprise,  while  retaining  some  sort  of  local 
control.  The  intention  is  to  place  the  works  under  an  adminis- 
tration which  will  manage  their  affairs  in  a  more  businesslike 
manner  than  municipal  management  will  permit  of.  The  electrical 
works  at  Brandenburg  have  recently  been  handed  over  to  the 
A.E.G.  for  a  period  of  40  years,  and  it  is  thought  that  this  arrange- 
ment, apart  from  the  advantage  which  it  has  of  removing  some  of 
the  burdens  from  the  municipal  authorities,  should  also  act  as  an 
incentive  to  the  development  of  the  town,  as  a  private  company 
would  always  be  in  a  better  position  to  meet  the  special  require- 
ments, and  thus  increase  the  use  of  electricity  in  general.  Under 
the  terms  agreed,  the  A.E  G.  will  pay  to  the  municipality  a  certain 
sum  in  cash  at  once,  and  afterwards  a  fixed  sum  per  annum.  The 
municipality  will  be  entitled  to  a  certain  portion  of  the  gross 
revenue  and  profits,  while  it  further  reserves  the  right  to  electrical 
energy  for  tramways  and  municipal  buildings  at  reduced  rates. 
The  municipality  also  has  the  right  of  exercising  a  certain  control 
over  the  working  and  the  prices  to  be  charged  for  energy.  The  elec- 
trical works  at  Brandenburg  are  valued  at  £60,000.  A  somewhat 
similar  arrangement  has  been  made  between  the  town  of  Saar- 
bii'icken  and  the  A.E.G.  A  new  company  has  been  formed  in  this 
case,  and  70  per  cent,  of  the  shares  are  owned  by  the  municipality, 
while  the  remaining  30  per  cent,  are  in  the  hands  of  the  A.E.G., 
which  has  undertaken  the  management  on  certain  terms. 

The  Austrian  Ber^mann  Co. — A  scheme  is  being  pro- 

iiioted  with  a  view  to  the  amalgamation  of  the  copper  and  brass 
departments  of  the  Austrian  Bergmann  Co..  of  Bodenbach,  and  the 
Vienna  brass  rolling  firm  of  Chaudoir  &  Co.,  by  the  formation  of 
a  new  company,  with  a  spare  capital  of  £416,000.  It  is  said  that 
during  the  first  complete  year's  working  of  the  Bodenbach  copper 
and  brass  departments  it  was  possible  for  the  company  to  secure 
one-third  of  the  Austrian  demand  for  brass  in  competition  with  the 
Austrian  Brass  Syndicate.  This  circumstance  has  proved  to  be  very 
inconvenient  to  the  syndicate,  which  has  consequently  threatened 
to  collapse,  but  the  proposed  fusion  of  Bergmann  and  Chandoir 
would  remove  one  of  the  difficulties  in  connection  with  the  renewal 
of  the  syndicate.  The  purely  electrical  departments  of  the  Boden- 
bach works  are  to  be  converted  into  a  joint  stock  company  with  the 
co-operation  of  the  Anglo-Austrian  Bank,  whilst  the  German 
Bergmann  group  will  have  an  interest  in  the  new  -amalgamated 
copper  and  brass  rolling  mills. 

Lan)p-9Ialiin<r  at  the  Cineiuatoirraph.— We  congratu- 
late Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  of  Dalston.  upon 
having  made  arrangements  with  one  of  the  largest  film  manufac- 
turing firms  in  the  world  to  produce  cinema  films  showing  the  pro- 
cesses of  manufacture  of  '  Tantalum  ''  and  "  Wotan  "  drawn-wire 
lamps,  together  with  several  other  interesting  features  in  connection 
with  the  science  of  electrical  illumination.  Arrangements  have 
also  been  made  for  the  exhibition  of  these  films  at  the  majority  of 
first-class  cinema  theatres,  and  it  is  hoped  by  this  means  to  increase 
the  interest  of  the  general  pnblio  in  the  nse  of  electricitsy  ae  a  light- 
In  U  ttgcnt.  .    •..•-     


186 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW,    [Voi.  72.  No.  i,m,  jaktaet  si,  1913. 


Willesden     Polvtechnic     Eleotrlcal     Enjflneerlng 

Society.— The  eleventh  annual  dinner  will  be  held  on  Saturday 
evening  next,  February  1st,  at  7  p.m.,  at  Rppgiori's  Restaurant, 
Chapel  Street,  W.,  the  President,  Mr.  Frederick  H.  Taylor, 
A.M.I.E.E.,  in  the  chair. 

I.M.E.A.  New  President.— Mr.  C.  E.C.  Sbawfield  having 

resigned  his  twsition  as  President  of  the  I.M.E.A.,  consequent  on 
his  accepting  another  ajtpointment  necessitating  his  leaving  muni- 
cipal employ  at  an  early  date,  the  Council  has  filled  the  vacancy 
by  electing  as  President  of  the  Association  for  the  remainder  of  the 
term,  i.t\,  until  the  annual  Convention  in  .Tune  next,  Mr.  ,1.  E. 
Edgcome,  of  Kiugston-on-Thames,  hon.  treasurer  and  past  president. 

The  Corthesy  Turbine.— It  is  unwise   to  close  one's 

eyes  to  new  and  apparently  improbable  inventions,  becaufe  they 
are  not  based  on  familiar  principles  and  proved  mechanisms.  For 
such  is  the  Corthesy  steam  turbine,  which  is  described  somewhat 
vaguely  in  the  Standard. 

To  begin  with,  the  present  types  of  turbine  are  not  based  on 
"shock  tactics'"  as  the  iS/a^w/a erf  appears  to  think.  The  Corthesy 
turbine  appears  essentially  to  consist  of  a  drum  or  series  of  drums 
rotating  in  a  casing  somewhat  larger  than  itself.  A  narrow  band 
of  steam  travels  round  this  narrow  space,  and  is  supposed  to  cling 
round  the  rotor  like  a  belt,  and  so  drag  it  round.  What  really 
happens,  if  steam  is  regarded  from  the  theory  of  molecular 
kinetics,  is  as   shown   in   the   figure  annexed.     Taking  a  single 


molecule  of  steam  projected  into  the  narrow  annular  space  between 
rotor  and  casing,  it  will  follow  a  zigzag  path  and  strike  the  rotor 
surface  at  an  angle  as  shown,  giving  it  a  slight  forward  push  at 
each  impact. 

Thus,  just  contrary  to  the  Stnndurd'.s  dictum,  this  turbine  dors 
work  by  shock.  And  it  does  not  work  by  the  belt  action  fancifully 
enppoped,  for  a  belt  does  not  slip,  whereas  the  steam  in  this  turbine 
acts  wholly  by  slip  velocity.  It  is,  therefore,  to  be  understood  that  the 
rotor  will  be  turned  by  the  impact  of  the  steam  molecules,  and  that 
if  a  sufficient  circumferential  area  be  thus  lapped  by  a  flat  torrent 
of  steam,  the  energy  of  the  steam  will  be  transferred  more  or  less 
completely  to  the  rotor.  Presumably,  the  casing  would  be  constructed 
so  as  to  provide  for  expansion,  and  there  would  be  many  chambers  in 
series.  But  the  description  is  very  vague  indeed,  and  the  mistake 
as  to  shock  tactics  throws  doubts  on  it  which  are  not  laid  to  rest 
by  the  subsequent  non- descriptive  description  so  contradictory  in 
what  it  appears  to  convey.  There  are  no  facts  or  figures  given  of 
value. 

We  would  gladly  welcome  a  bladeless  turbine,  and  do  not  think 
the  smooth  rotor  would  refuse  to  rotate.  What  we  fear  is  the  very 
extended  pulley  surface  to  be  exposed  to  the  "  clinging  "  belt  of 
steam.  As  to  efficiency,  if  it  can  be  shown  by  tests  that  this  tur- 
bine delivers  its  exhaust  steam  to  the  condenser  at  condenser  pres- 
8«re  and  condenser  temperature,  that  is,  not  superheated,  then  it 
may  be  allowed  that  the  turbine  will  be  so  far  efficient,  as  the 
steam  has  lost  heat  by  doing  work. 

Mnnicipal  Electrical   Trading  at   Edinbursb.— ]\ri. 

Walter  Finlay,  secretary  of  the  Electrical  Contractors'  Association 
of  Scotland  (Edinburgh  Branch),  writes  as  follows  :-'' I  notice 
your  paragraph  referring  to  Edinburgh  in  your  issue  of  24th  inst. 
Your  paragraph  correctly  reports  what  took  place  at  the  special 
meeting  of  the  Edinburgh  Town  Council  called  to  consider  the 
Bill,  held  on  Tuesday,  14th  intt.,  but  I  have  to  point  out  to  you 
that  the  Bill  is  a  very  long  one,  embracing  a  great  variety  of  sub- 
jects, and  the  electrical  clause  did  not  come  on  for  consideration  by 
the  Council  until  a  late  hour,  and  there  was  a  very  small  attend- 
ance. 

"  I  under.stand  that  the  clause  at  that  meeting  was  amended  to 
bring  it  in  harmony  with  the  model  clause  by  a  very  Fniall 
majority,  and  that  the  minority  were  in  favour  of  deleting  the 
clause  entirely  from  the  Bill.  1  have  to  point  out,  however,  that  at 
a  meeting  of  the  Town  Council  held  on  2l8t  inst.,  a  motion  was 
moved  to  disapprove  of  the  minutes  of  the  previous  meeting  so  far 
as  they  approved  of  this  clause  in  the  draft  provisional  order,  and 
that  this  motion  in  what  was  almost  a  full  council  was  carried  by 
a  very  large  majority.  The  position  of  matters  in  Edinburgh, 
therefore,  i.s  that  the  Council  have  decided  to  have  nothing  what- 
ever to  do  with  municipal  trading  in  electrical  matters,  and  it  is 
hoped  by  the  trade  that  many  other  Corporations  will  follow  the 
good  example  set  by  Edinburgh  and  leave  well  alone." 

Educational  Xote.— The  Engineering  Department  of 
the  Manchecter  Municipal  School  of  Technology  is  to  be  extended 
at  a  cost  of  £15,000,  and  re-eqnipperi  with  modem  machinrry. 

Institution  and  Leetnrc  Notes.— AssociATinx  ok 
MiNiNt;  Ei.ErTKKAL  Enoinkedh  (East  ok  Fcotlakd  Branch). 
—  At  a  meeting  held  at  Dunfermline,  on  .Tannnry  24th,  Mr. 
David  Beveridge.  of  Kelty,  rend  a  paper  on  "The  Supervision 
of  Electrical  Cables  Underground."  The  author  said  that  there 
wBfl  difficulty  in  putting  a  cable  in  a  deep  shaft  even  where 
they  had  a  clear  space  all  the  way  down,  bnt  if  they  had  to 
put  the  cable  down  the  pumping  fpuce,  where  they  would 
enrtjtintcT  wnortpti   b«^m»  nnd  ntwl  (firrteTK  lylnir  ncroim,    It  nim 


impossible  to  do  the  lowering  there  with  guides.  If,  therefore,  the 
cables  were  made  and  guaranteed  to  carry  their  own  weight, 
without  damaging  them  in  any  way,  they  would  simply  have  to 
guide  the  end '  of  the  cable  and  brake  it  down.  From  practical 
experience  he  was  of  opinion  that  cables  hung  on  trees,  or  near  the 
ends  of  the  crowns  at  the  side  of  roadways,  were  in  a  much  safer 
position  than  those  suspended  from  the  centre  of  the  roadway.  In 
such  circumstances,  when- a  fall  took  place,  the  crowns  generally 
broke  near  the  middle,  and  the  half  of  the  crown  fell  to  the  floor 
at  one  end,  the  other  end  commonly  resting  on  the  side  of  a 
roadway  near  the  roof.  The  paper  gave  rise  to  an  interesting 
discussion. 

Royal  Society  of  EDiNBrEGii.— On  Monday  last  week  Dr. 
C.  G.  Knott  read  a  paper  on  "Change  of  Electrical  Resistance  of 
Nickel  subjected  to  Cross  Magnetic  Fields." 

Society  of  Encuneees  (iNcouroRAXEn)  — The  Council  of  the 
Society  announces  that  arrangements  are  being  made  for  holding 
the  Fellowship  Examination  of  the  Society  during  the  second 
week  of  June  next.  Intending  candidates  should  apply  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Society,  at  17,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W., 
for  full  particulars.  A  paper  is  to  be  read  before  the  Society 
on  'February  3rd  by  Mr.  Yorath  Lewis,  at  the  Institution 
of  Electrical  Engineers,  on  "The  'Bus  r.  Tiam  Controversy, 
and  other  Aspects  of  the  London  Traffic  Problem." 

Institution  of  Electrical  Enoineees.— The  paper  read 
before  the  I.E.E.,  in  London  on  Thursday  last  week,  on  the  "  Use  of  a 
Large  Battery  in  Central  Station  Supply, "  by  Mr.  F.  H.  W^hy^all,  was 
read  before  the  Manchester  Section  on  Tuesday  evening,  the  28th 
inst.  A  long  and  varied  discussion  followed  on  each  occasion,  and 
the  author  replied.  At  the  London  meeting,  the  president,  Mr. 
Duddell,  announced  that  arrangements  were  in  progres.s  for  the 
formation  of  a  lending  library,  for  the  benefit  of  members  who 
were  unable  to  use  the  library  at  headquarters, 

Institftion  of  Electbical  Engineees  (Yorkshire  Sec- 
tion).— A  meeting  was  held  at  Sheffield,  on  Wednesday,  when  a 
lecture  was  given  by  Mr.  Kenneth  Cox  on  "  Internal-Combustion 
Engines,"  and  a  discussion  followed. 

The  Chadwick  Trust. — Three  evening  lectures  on  the 
"  Hygiene  of  the  Home  "  have  been  arranged  under  the  Chadwick 
Trust.  They  will  be  given  by  Mr.  H.  Percy  Bonlnois,  M.Inst.C.E., 
in  the  library  of  the  Royal  Sanitary  Institute,  ','0,  Buckingham 
Palace  Road,  London,  S.W.,  on  Fridays,  February  7th,  14th  and 
21st,  at  8.15  p.m.  The  lectures  will  deal  with  the  following 
phases  of  the  subject:— («)  The  Ideal  Home;  {h)  Drainage  and 
Sanitary  Fittings ;  (r)  Water,  Ventilation,  Heating,  •,V:c.  The 
lectures  are  free,  and  any  further  information  can  be  obtained  from 
the  secretary,  Mrs.  Aubrey  Richardson,  8,  Dartmouth  Street,  W'est- 
minster.  '" 

Manchester  Association  of  Engineers. — A  paper  on  "  Elec- 
tric Lighting  in  Engineering  Workshops "  was  read  t)efore  the 
members  on  Saturday,  by  Mr.  Haydn  Harrison. 

Noeth-East  Coast  Institution  of  Engineees  and  Ship- 
buildees. — A  Scholarship  will  be  offered  for  competition  among 
Graduates  of  the  Institution  in  September  next,  tenable  for  two 
years,  and  of  the  annual  value  of  £'>0.  It  will  be  awarded  on  the 
results  of  an  examination  held  in  Newcastle  during  September. 
Candidates  must  apply  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Institution  before 
August  Ist.  Conditions  for  membership  of  the  Graduate  Section 
of  the  Institution  may  also  be  had  from  the  Secretary. 

How  to  Quote  Judiciously.— Our  contemporarj',  the 
Ga.s  M'oild,  pays  a  well-deserved  tribute  to  Dr.  Ferranti's  .James 
Watt  lecture,  which  we  abstracted  in  our  last  issue,  and  draws 
attention  to  his  remarks  on  the  suitability  of  the  internal-com- 
bustion engine  for  small  powers,  which  it  suggests  will  be  useful 
"  in  maintaining  the  cause  of  the  small  town  gas  engine."  It  was 
naturally  inconvenient,  or  would,  at  any  rate,  have  been  injudicious, 
to  give  equal  prominence  to  the  latter  ])art  of  the  lecture,  which 
states  that  the  electric  motor  is  displacing  all  forms  of  small 
engine,  and  that  in  the  future  probably  all  stationary  motors  will 
be  electric,  reciprocating  forms  of  engines  being  only  makeshifts. 

.\ppointnients  Vacant. — Ceneral  assistant  to  the  secre- 
tary (£1.50-£200),  and  library  assistant  (£1.'')(0,  for  the  I.E.E.  ; 
assistant  engineer  (£80)  and  fitter-driver  (2.")S.),  for  the  Severalls 
.\sylnm,  Colchester.     .See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

L.C.r.TraniMay  System.— On  Monday  niglit  the  L.C.C. 
tramway  system  was  brought  to  a  standstill  owing  to  the  breakdown 
of  a  feeder  at  Greenwich  power  station. 

Correction. — Two  slight  errors  have  crept  into  the 
report  on  the  concert  of  the  Manchester  Electro- Harmonic  Society, 
on  page  204.  For  "Panzetta  "  read  '"  Canzonetta,"'  for  "Kuti  "  read 
"  Rati." 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Isaacson  &  Brown,  Ltd.  (12f;.r,nr,).— This  ccmpnny  was  rrpis. 

tfrcd  on  Jstmnry  2tlth,  with  n  rnpilnl  of  fl.Otr,  in  £1  flmrcp,  to  curry  or  the 
bonlnfiiB  of  etectricBl  Bud  mrchdntrBl  crgimcrf,  manntBctHrcre  »nrt  workers 
of  rlpptrlrlty,  motive  power  nnd  llglit,  *c.,  nnd  to  «flnpt  bh  Birrprtnect  wfth 
A.  W.  loturHon.  Tlie  snlmrrlliprB  (with  one  Kli»ro  cncli)  are  :— A.  W.  iRBBnnn, 
43  Brcl  14,  KniriTBl  Street,  E.C.,  elertrlrliin  ;  C.  W.  M.  Hrown,  43  and  44, 
FnmlTBl  Street,  l-.C,  elcctrlclBn  ;  J.  C.  Fli-her,  34,  RIbbleidBle  KoBd,  Hornrcy, 
N.,  clerk,  PriTEte  company.  The  rumlcr  ot  directors  1b  not  to  hp  Ipsa 
than  two  or  more  than  three;  the  first  are  A.  W,  Ifaacson  and  C.  W.  M. 
Drown  {both  iiermsnent  macaginK  directotj),  with  pcwir  to  appoint  one 
other;  nunllflcstlps,  £5;  remuneration  as  Dxcd  by  the  ccnptmy.  HeglBtDrcd 
otHrg,  49  iinfl  44i  Ftinilf  •!  Btreet.  Hollmm,  n.O. 


Vol.  72. 


No.1,8.38,  January  31,  1913.]     THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


187 


CouIkIoii  Klo(trol)ll«'  Coitppr  Worku,  Ltd.  (120,747).    This 

onii>ftny  wuh  rcKlKl.Mcd  on  Januni  v  JmIi  with  n  r«i>lul  nt  I'll.OOO,  in  i'l  HharM, 
oourry  on  111..  huHliii'HH  imliciili'J  l)v  lli«  tillo.  T  lin  KiilmiiribiT«  (wIlli  one 
Imru  iiuli)  n.n<  -11.  !•'.  A.Ik  inn,  W1.  (;»iilmty  I'»rk  llcmil,  KiiiKHl.iii,  ulciK  ;  1'. 
t.>lu>ll..ld,  as  Httckvlllo  Hlrwt.  W..  u'.tI..  Privalu  .vHiiimiiy.  The  llml 
ilroctorH  arc  not  namc.l.    RoglnturcJ  ofllco,  \.\.  Cockhiiur  Hlri'nt,  H.W. 

Ardnick     Electric    llc(fnlittor    Co.,    Ltd.    ( li'ti.c.oo).    This 

oini)»nv  waH  ri'KlHti'ri'd  on  January  'JOtli,  with  a  oaiiital  of  XI, 000  In 
I  HharoH,  111  ai-i|uir.>  certain  InvontionH  rolatliiK  to  fl.'.trlo  oontrouor 
CRulatorH  and  .cirilrolU-rB  for  olcctrlcal  piirimHcH.  to  carry  on  Iho  liuainnBH 
t  ciih'in.iors,  iiimuifucturcrH  of  clictricul  iiiipli  niunls  and  other  niaclilnory, 
ic,  and  to  adujili  an  aKrocnicnt  with  H.  Smith,  A.  J.  CI.  KlominK 
,nd  T.  Giiorin.  Tho  «uh«crih.MH  (with  one  share  i>Boh)  aro  :— T.  (luotln, 
r,,  Mayllold  Road,  Whallev  RanRC,  ManchChter,  metal  merchant; 
L.  J.  Q.  BMoniInK,  K  K.-dloHtone  Avenue,  Victoria  Park,  Manchent.T, 
alcH.ian;  B.  t-niith,  i:),  Mildred  Btrcet,  Hrooiihton,  ManchoBter,  .nKlneer. 
'rival.'  conipany.  The  number  of  directors  in  not  to  bo  Ichs  than  two  or 
noro  than  live;  tho  flrtt  iiic  T.  Gucrin  (chairman),  A.  J.  O.  FicminK  and  P. 
Imith  (all  pcrnmnent);  i|Ualitlcatiiin,  100  shares.  Registered  oHloe,  6'J,  CJueon 
Itreet,  Ardnick,  MnnohcHtcr, 

Jioitli   KiMish    IHcscl    Engine     Works,    Ltd.    (12r).722).— 

ICKistorcd  Januaiv  ■24th, by  Inco  Cilt,  Inoo  and  R.h.oo,  Bt.  Benet  ChaniberH, 
■enchurch  Street.  K.C.  Capital,  il.COll.OOO  in  fiOO.OOO  preference,  and  .lOO.OOO 
irdinary  shares  of  £1  each.  OliJ.  its  :  To  carry  on  the  business  i>l  mechanical 
iilginoors,  niaiuifacturcrs  and  repairers  of  internal  combustion  engines  and 
licctrlcal,  steam  or  oil  engines,  founders,  smiths,  machinists,  boiler  makers, 
icneral  engineerinK contractors,  builders,  repairers,  litters  and  owners  of  steam 
,nd  .ither  ships  and  vessels,  wet  and  dry  dock  and  wharf  owners,  Ac.  The 
ignatories  (with  one  share  eachl  arc  :— T.  H.  Casobourne.  tit.  Helens,  Everslcy 
'ark  Road,  VVinehmore  Hill,  N.,  cashier;  W.  Dayics,  119,  Thurleigh  Road, 
i.W.,  superintendent ;  A.  E.  C.  Greenwood,  .M,  Rectorv  Road,  Walthamstow, 
iccountant;  I..  Neville, 65,  Windsor  Road,  Forest  Gate,  E.,  clerk;  F.  B.Lilcy, 
8,  Holland  Road,  N.  Brixton,  B.W.,  shorthand  writer;  C.  A.  Targett,  :)2, 
A^allwood  Street,  Burdctl  Road,  K.,  clerk  ;  L.  B.  Colt,  St.  Benet  Chambers, 
■Unchurch  Street,  B.C.,  solioilor.  Private  company.  The  first  directors  (to 
lumber  not  lesj  than  live  or  more  than  nine)  are  to  bo  appointed  by  the  signa- 
ories;  quahllcation,  i'l.OOO;  remuneration  as  Hxed  by  the  company.  No 
lotice  of  situation  of  registered  offlcc  was  Sled  with  the  original  papers. 

Itritish  Telegrapli  Inslruuient  Co.,  Ltd.  (I2f;.74(0.— Regis- 

lered  January  25th  by  J.  H.  WeLb.  Walter  House,  Strand,  W.C.  Capital, 
CC.OOO  in  £1  shares.  Objects,  to  carry  on  the  business  of  manufacturers  of 
nstruments  and  appliances  for  use  in  connection  with  wireless  and  other  tele- 
[raphy  and  telephony,  cableKraphy,  itc,  to  aciuiro  the  business  carried  on  by 
i.  W.  Ward  and  W.  W.  Drury,  at  Sl:5and  i):!*,  Stanley  Road,  Teddington,  and 
;lsewhcre,  as  the  "  British  Telegraph  andKleotrioal  Miinufacturing  Co."  The 
iubscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  ;— A.  W.  Ward,  ITJ,  Claphara  Road,  S.W., 
jentlmian;  J.  H.  Webb,  Walter  House,  Strand,  W.C,  electrical  engineer  ; 
3.  B.  Ward,  179,  Clapham  Road.  S.W.,  engineer.  Private  company.  The  first 
iirectors  (to  number  not  less  than  three  or  more  than  five),  arc  W.  W.  Drury, 
K.  A.  Poole,  C.  B.  Ward  and  A.  W.  Ward.  Rrgistered  office,  179,  Clapham 
Road,  8.W. 

Panama  Electric  Lighting',  Power  and  Traction  Co.,  Ltd. 

1126  72ti).— This  company  was  registered  on  January  21th,  with  a  caiiital  of 
£100  in  i.1  shares,  to  carry  on  the  business  indicated  by  the  title.  The  sub- 
scribers (with  one  share  each)  are:— J.  F.  Crabb,  1:11,  Stroud  Green  Road,  N  , 
clerk;  0.  E.  Ellis,  57,  Rodenhurst  Road,  Clapham  I'ark,  S.W.,  clerk.  Private 
company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than 
seven;  the  first  are  H.W.  Saunders  (chairman  and  managing  director),  and 
F.  Q.  Roper;  qualification,  £1;  remuneration,  t'lO  per  annum  (chairman, 
£16).    Registered  omce,  30,  Coleman  Street,  E.C. 


OFFICIAL    RETURNS    OF    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


Electrical  Name  and  Numerical  Sign  Co.,  Ltd.— Particulars 

of  ia.OOO  debentures,  created  November  6th,  1912,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3) 
of  the  Companies'  (Consolidation)  Act,  1908;  the  amount  of  the  present  issue 
being  £1,500.  Property  charged :  The  company's  undertaking  and  property, 
present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.    No  trustees. 

Hampshire  Light  Railways  (Electric)  Co.,   Ltd.— Capital 

£1,000  in  £10  shares.  Return  dated  November  29th,  1912.  All  shares  taken 
up.    i'1,000  paid.     Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 

Hadley  Trench  and  Wrockwardinewood  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd. 

(fi4,'263).— Particulars  of  £3,000  debentures,  created  by  resolutions  of  August 
Ist  and  19tb,  1912,  Qled  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies'  (Consolida- 
tion) Act,  1908,  the  whole  amount  being  now  issued.  Property  charged  : 
The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and  future,  including  un- 
called capital.     No  trustees. 

A  memorandum  of  satisfaction  in  full  on  January  6th,  1913,  of  two 
mortgages  or  charges,  dated  June  29th,  1901,  securing  £1,250,  has  been  filed. 

Musselburgh  and  District  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co., 

Ltd. — A  memorandum  of  satisfaction  to  the  extent  of  £500  on  December  31st, 
1912,  of  charges  dated  November  13tb,  1905,  and  May  11th,  1909,  and  September 
12tb,  1911  (uuregistered),  securing  £90,000,  has  been  filed. 

Keynsham  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.  (64,634.)— 

Capital,  £5,000  in  £1  shares  (3,0u0  pref).  Return  dated  December  31st,  1912! 
all  shares  taken  up;  £5,000  considered  as  paid.  Mortgages  and  charges: 
£2,980  without  interest. 

'    Derbyshire  and  Nottinghamshire  Electric  Power  Syndi- 

ate,  Ltd.  (in  liquidation). — Amemorandum  of  satisfaction  in  iuU  on  December 
SOlh,  191'2,  of  mortgage  or  charge,  dated  January  20tb,  1904,  securing  £15,000 
and  interest,  has  been  filed, 

Longstreth's,    Ltd.  (64,823).— Capital   £3,000  in    £1    shares. 

Return  dated  December  2nd,  1912.  9,775  shares  taken  up.  £1  per  share 
called  up  on  2,275.  £2,340  paid,  including  £65  on  226  forfeited  shares.  £500 
Mnsidered  as  paid.  Mortgages  and  charges :  £1,700.  Resolution  pissed 
December  16th,  confirmed  January  13th,  to  change  name  to  "  Litbanode,  Ltd." 

Gosport  and  Alverstoke  Electric  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd.  (82,693). 

-Capital  £5,000  in  £10  shares.  Return  dated  November  29th,  1912 ;  filed 
December  3rd,  1912.  All  shares  taken  ap.  £6,000  paid.  Mortgages  and 
■barges:  Nil. 

Indian  Electric  Supply  and  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.— Particulars 

)(  £73,000  debentures,  created  October  9th,  1912,  and  secured  by  trust  deed  dated 
lanuary  1st,  1913,  Hied  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies'  (Consolida- 
ion)  Act,  1908;  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being.  £60,000,  Property 
harged :  The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and  future, 
Qcludlog  uncalled  capital  and  leasehold  and  other  property  in  India,  of  such 
'  nature  as  to  be  capable  of  being  specifically  mortgaged  under  the  lawi  o( 
oata,    Trustees :  Beaver  Trust,  Ltd,,  1,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.C. 


Cordoba  Lljcht,  Power  and  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.  ('.»9,(;40). 

Proaunt  capital  I'l. 000,1100  In  ri  i,h»r.         MnKirml    apital  t'^.nrun  fl  'htrM, 

lner.i»»Kd   to  1'mOO,OIJ<J  In  11  •        -        • "  '  '  '     " 

July  lltb,   lUll.     Riluri 

£1  per  ftliare  i-allod  upon  i 

r,,lfiO    sbar..ii   ha^o   mine    1  "    '' 

ohargoi:  £905,000. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

'Ilif  Kditom  iiivi/t'  fliutrtcal  fnyiiifi'm,  trIiMlirr  runwcti-d  vnth  thf 
techniriiL  cr  the  commertinl  tide  of  thf  jirvfrtriun  and  induMtry, 
aim)  elfrtnr  tramway  and   railway  oflirUlfji,  to   krep  rradfrt  i>f  the 

Electrical  Review  inmtrd  an  to  thrir  movemrnti. 


Central  Station  OdiciiiLs. — Lutfui  T.C.  ha.s  increii.'ted 

the  salary  of  the  cltctricul  eni;int;er,  Mk.  Cooki;,  from  tUM  per 
unniiiii  to  a  maximum  of  iiiOO,  by  H'M  a,  year  forthwith,  and  two 
annual  inoreinents  of  £•'«<>  each. 

Mit.  .1.  M.  Dawso.n,  chari^re  engineer  at  the  Ilanli-y  electricity 
works,  who  is  leaving  to  become  chief  engineer  to  the  i'ctbnal 
Green  H.G.,  has  been  pretented  by  his  colleagues  with  a  travelling 
bag,  a  case  of  pipes,  and  several  technical   Iwoks. 

Oiit  of  over  100  applicants,  Mu.  Fkkd.  KiLb),  of  KawtenHtall, 
was,  at  a  special  meeting  of  Todmorden  Corporation,  on  January 
2:ird,  appointed  electrical  engineer,  at  a  salary  of  £1.'")0  per  year. 

Mr.  William  I.snks  has  resigned  his  iiosition  as  a.^.iistant 
borough  electrical  engineer,  Metropolitan  Uorough  ot  Poplar,  in 
order  to  take  up  a  partnership  with  Messrs.  W.  T.  Towler  .v  Son.s, 
engineers  and  boiler  makers,  Stratford,  E.,  which  firm  will  hence- 
forth be  known  as  Towler  v>^  Innes. 

General.— Ml!.  Lek  .MiRRAy,  M.C.E.(.Melb.),  M.I.C.E. 

M.I.K.K.,  M.I.M.E.,  who  recently  retired  from  the  position  of 
general  manager  of  Messrs.  Bruce  Peebles  i:  Co.,  Ltd.,  engineers, 
Edinburgh,  has  started  business  on  his  own  acconnt  at  10,  Norfolk 
Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C,  as  engineering  representative 
(buying,  inspecting,  &c.)  for  firms  and  corporations  in  the  Colonies 
and  abroad. 

The  Timex  states  that  Mr.  G.  T.  Milxe,  who  was  recently 
appointed  II. M.  Trade  Commissioner  for  Australia,  is  to  sail  early 
in  February. 

Mr.  E.  F.  C().k  has  resigned  his  position  as  burgh  elec- 
trical engineer  at  Wishaw  as  from  Febru3u-y  1.5th,  and  any 
further  communication  after  that  date  will  reach  him,  care  of 
Cox  &  Danks,  buffer  makers,  Wishaw.  Mr.  Co.'f  has  formed  the 
firm  of  Cox  &  Danks  with  a  view  of  putting  down  a  forge  for 
making  general  forgings,  but  more  especially  buffers  for  railway 
wagons,  with  which  class  of  work  he  has  been  very  familiar 
during  the  last  five  or  six  years. 

Obituary. — Tiie  death  of  Mr.  .Ia.mes  F£r<;i'so.v,  elec- 
trical instrument  maker  and  engineer.  Pollokshaws,  removes  one 
who  was  associated  with  Lord  Kelvin  in  the  development  of  some 
of  Ids  chief  discoveries.  Mr.  Ferguson,  who  was  only  43  years  of 
age,  was  first  a  pupil  of  and  then  assistant  to  the  great  scientist. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Lisbon  Electric  Tramways,  Ltd. 

Mr.  L.  Bbeit.mever  presided  on  Wednesday  over  an  extraordinary 
general  meeting  of  the  above  company,  held  at  the  offices,  1, 
London  Wall  Buildings,  E.C. 

The  Ch.virmak  said  that  the  object  of  the  meeting  was  to  obtain 
the  approval  of  the  shareholders  to  an  alteration  of  the  articles  of 
association  with  regard  to  the  remuneration  paid  to  the  directors. 
At  present  the  articles  provided  for  a  sum  of  £.")00,  but  that 
amount  had  invariably  been  increased  by  the  shareholders  at  the 
annual  meeting.  It  was  now  proposed  to  alter  Article  Sii,  so  as  to 
provide  that  in  future  the  directors'  remuneration  should  be 
£2,500,  and  he  felt  sure  the  shareholders  would  have  no  hesitation 
in  giving  their  sanction  to  a  measure  by  which  the  directors  would 
be  paid  adeiiuately  for  their  services.  He  concluded  by  moving  the 
alteration  of  the  article. 

Mb.  p.  Troqcet  seconded  the  resolution,  and  it  was  unanimously 
agreed  to. 


St.  James"  and  Pall  Mall  Electric  Light  Co  .  Ltd.— 

The  directors  recommend  a  balance  dividend  on  the  7  per  cent, 
preference  shares,  for  the  half-year  ending  December  Slst,  1912,  of 
3s.  6d.  per  share,  and  os.  per  share  on  the  ordinary  shares,  making, 
with  the  interim  dividend  paid  thereon,  a  total  distribution  of 
10  per  cent. 

Prospectus.— r/if  Toronto  Poicer  Co.,  Ltd.— The  list 

was  to  close  on  Wednesday  in  an  issue  £616.438  4+  per  cent,  con- 
solidated guaranteed  debenture  stock  of  this  company,  at  £;'7  per 
cent.  The  stock  is  guaranteed,  both  as  to  principal  and  interest 
by  the  Toronto  Railway  Co. 

Central    London    Railway  Co. — The  directors  have 

declared  the  following  dividends  : — 3  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  stock 
for  the  half-year,  4  per  cent,  on  the  preferred  ordinary  stock  for  the 
half  .year,  2  per  cent,  on  the  deferred  ordiiiary  stocks  for  the  yev, 
carrying  forward  £27,218, 


188 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW.      1^°^  72.  No  i,836,  januaby  si,  1913. 


Metropolitan  District  Itailway  Co. 

Thk  directora  report  that  the  expenditure  on  capital  account 
during  the  half-year  ended  December.  1912.  has  been  £25.009.  The 
prose  receipts  on  revenue  account  amounted  to  £346, 055,  being  an 
increase  of  £23, ^i 40,  as  compared  with  the  corresponding  half  of 
last  year.  The  working  expenpes  have  amounted  to  £149  109, 
which  shows  a  decrease  of  £:i.."il6,  but  it  must  be  borne  in  mind 
that  in  the  corresponding  half-year  the  charge  for  electric  current 
included  interest  on  the  cost  of  the  power  hou^e.  Kc,  whereas  from 
January  Ist.  1912,  when  the  power-house  undertaking  was  leased 
to  this  company  and  the  London  Electric  Railway  Co.  jointly,  the 
interest,  by  way  of  rent  payable  under  the  lease,  appears  in  the 
net  revenue  account.  After  providing  for  interest  and  other 
charges  and  setting  aside  £10,000  as  a  reserve  for  renewals,  the 
net  revenue  account  shows  a  credit  balance  of  £85,694.  out  of 
which  the  directors  recommend  that  the  following  dividends  for 
the  half-year  be  declared  and  be  payable  on  February  7th,  viz.  :■ — 
At  the  rate  of  £4  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  4  per  cent,  guaranteed 
s;  ck:  at  the  rate  of  £4  10s.  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  4i  per 
cent,  first  preference  stock  ;  at  the  rate  of  £2  per  cent,  per  annum 
on  the  5  per  cent,  second  preference  stock.  The  following  table 
gives  a  summary,  of  comparative  figures  for  the  second  halves  of 
the  years  1912  and  1911  :-- 

Half-year         Half-year  Increase        Or  per 

Deo.,  1912.       Dec,  1911.       «>■  ^hereafe.       cent. 

GrosB  revenue  . .       £:h6,655  £322.815  iafl.WO  7t9 

Working  expenditure      . .        £149,109  i:l52,655  J.3,oW  — 

Passengers,  includirg 
workmen  i  season  ticket 
holders'  journeys  . .      43,092,!;89         39.897,CC1  3,166,528  S'Ol 

Passengers  carried  at 
workmen's  fares..  7,f87,(>33  7.128,160  4.'i9,472  645 

Passenger  receipts  . .        £327,236  £300,625  i:26,6ll  8-85 

Average  receipt  per  pas- 
senger          l-82d.  l-81d.  001  0  55 

Train  mileage  on  District 

Railway 2,046,698  1,888,733  167,965  8'36 

Car-mileage  on  District 
Railway 8,159,584  7,756,476  408,058  5  20 

The  traffic  continues  to  show  satisfactory  increases,  but  owing  to 
the  higher  price  of  fuel  and  increases  in  wages,  the  working 
expenses  have  increased.  The  company  are  constructing  a  fly-under 
junction  at  Earl's  Court,  which  will,  when  completed,  considerably 
improve  the  train  working. 

The  following  Bills  will  be  submitted  for  the  consideration  of 
the  proprietors  at  a  special  general  meeting  to  follow  the  ordinary 
meeting,  viz. : — 

1.  "  A  Bill  to  authorise  the  Metropolitan  District  Railway  Co.  to 
widen  part  of  their  Fulham  extension  railway,  to  confer  further 
powers  on  the  Wimbledon  and  Sutton  Railway  Co.,  and  for  other 
purposes." 

2.  "  A  Bill  to  extend  the  periods  limited  by  the  Wimbledon  and 
Sutton  Railway  Act,  1910.  for  the  compulsory  purchase  of  lands 
for,  and  for  the  construction  and  completion  of,  the  railways  and 
works  by  that  Act  authorised  ;  to  raise  additional  capital ;  and  for 
other  purposes." 

lOD  In  future  accounts  will  be  submitted  yearly,  and  one  ordinary 
general  meeting  will  be  held  in  January  or  February  in  each  year. 
Interim  dividends  will  be  declared  in  July  or  August.  The  directors 
have  appointed  Jlr.  C.  S.  Louch,  accountant  of  the  company  in  the 
place  of  Jtr.  Wm.  Whittle,  who  retired  on  December  Slst  last,  after 
being  42  years  in  the  service  of  the  company. 

Half-year  ending  December  31st,  1912. 

Total  miles 

run  by  Dis- 

On  District  Railway.                               trict  trains.  Total  for 

including  corres- 

District             Other                                 mileage  on  ponding 

Company's     ccmpanies'                              joint  and  half-year 

Train-mileage,     trains.            trains.           Total.         foreign  lines.  of  1911. 

Total     ..       1,880,865          165,893          2^046,698           2,649.289  2.468,268 


Electric  car- 
mileage    . .      7,677,407 


682,127  8,159,£3«  10,995.866  10,530,824 

Receipts. 


Passengers. 

Season 
tickets 
Ist  Sid     (estimated  1st      3rd     Season 

Half-year        class.        class,    journeys).    Total,     class,  class,  tickets.  Total, 
ended —  £,         £  £  £ 

June,  1911..  1,250.241  34,4i;9.790  5,79.3,800  41,505  831  17,9P0  250,084  45,558  313,572 
Dec,  1911..  1,088  513  83,273,850  5,539.698  39,897,061  15,139  242,318  43,168  ;*)0,6?6 
June,  1912.  .  1,2:«897  85,047,9(j3  6,623,760  42.U10.56O  17,.';82  2t6,'280  51,572  32.-..431 
Dec,  1912. .  1,134,331  35,499,910  6,468,848  43.092,569  10.042  261,029  S0,ie5  b27,236 

The  meeting  is  to  be  held  to-day,  Friday,  at  Westminster  Palace 
Hotel. 


London  Electric  Railway  Co. 

The  directors"  report  for  the  half-year  ending  December  31st,  1912, 
states  that  the  capital  expenditure  which  was  mainly  on  the  new 
extensions,  amounted  to  £279,322.  The  gros.s  receipts  on  revenue 
account  amounted  to  £376,710,  being  an  increase  of  £l0,i")20  on  the 
receipts  lor  the  corresponding  half  of  last  year.  The  working 
expenses  have  amounted  to  £162,703,  being  a  decrease  of  £»,238. 
but  it  muKt  be  borne  in  mind  that  in  the  corresponding  half-year 
the  charge  for  electric  current  included  interest  on  the  cost  of  the 
power  houfe,  kc,  whereas  from  January  1st,  1912,  when  the  power 
house  undertaking  was  leased  to  the  company  and  the  Metropolitan 
District  Railway  Co.  jointly,  the  interest  by  way  of  rent  payable 
under  the  lease  appears  iri  the  net  revenue  acconnt.  Alter 
providing  for  interest  and  rents,  and  reserving  £7,500  for  ccn- 
tingenciea   and   renewals,  there    remains  a  balance  of    £113,220 


available  for  dividends,  and  the  directors  recommend  that  a 
dividend  at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent,  per  annum  be  declared  on  the 
4  per  cent,  preference  stock,  and  that  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of 
1  per  cent,  per  annum  be  declared  on  the  ordinary  shares,  leaving  a 
balance  of  £3,107  to  be  carried  forward.  The  directors  recom- 
mend that  these  dividends  be  payable  on  February  7th.  1913.  The 
following  table  gives  a  summary  of  comparative  figures  for  the 
corresponding  half-years  of  1912  and  1911  :  — 


Gross  revenue. . 
Working  expenditure 
Passenger  receipts   . . 
Train-mileage.. 
Car-mileage 


Half-year 
Dec,  1912. 
£376,710 
il62,703 
£350,304 
2,807,557 
9,472,887 


Half-year 
Dec,  1911. 
£,S00,19O 
i:  170,941 
£342,451 
2,741,.S<'9 
9,121,677 


Increase  or 
decrease, 
-t-  £10,,520 

—  i'8,238 
+  £7,853 
+  66,218 
-r    851,210 


Per 
,  cent. 

-fa-873 

+  2-293 
•(  2  417 
•4  3  850 


The  following  table  gives  the  number  of  passengers  carried  : — 


Half-year  ending — 

June,  1911        

December,  1911 

June,  1912         

December,  1912 


Number, 
including  season- 
ticket  holders. 

62,548,284 

iSfim.8i2 

51,691,661 

49,190,926 


Receipts. 
£369,326 
£■42,451 
£363,325 
£350,304 


Satisfactory  progress  is  being  made  with  the  construction  of  the 
Charing  Cross  and  Paddington  extensions.  Work  has  also  com- 
menced on  the  Queen's  Park  extension  and  on  the  installation  of 
escalators  (or  moving  stairways)  at  Oxford  Circus  Station,  for  which 
contracts  have  been  let  since  the  last  report.  The  company  has 
sold  during  the  half-year  under  review  £235,056  of  debenture  stock, 
the  proceeds  of  which  are  being  used  toward.s  paying  ~for  the 
Golders  Green,  Paddington  and  Charing  Cross  extensions. 

The  following  Bills  will  be  submitted  for  the  consideration  of  the  proprietors 
at  a  special  general  meeting  after  the  ordinary  meeting,  viz. :  "  A  Bill  to  em- 
power the  L,ondon  Electric  Railway  Co.  to  construct  new  railways  and  tor 
other  purposes."  Powers  are  sought  by  this  Bill  to  enable  the  company  to 
construct  junction  railways  at  or  ne»r  Euston  Station  to  connect  the  company's 
Hampftead  and  Bighgate  lines  with  the  City  and  South  London  Railway,  and 
at  Hamnierfmith  to  crrnect  the  company's  Great  Northern,  Piccadilly  and 
Brompton  Railway  with  the  London  and  SouthWeHein  Railway  Co. 's  Ken- 
sington and  Richmond  line.  Powers  are  also  sought  by  the  Bill  to  obtain 
running  powers  over  the  City  and  South  London  Railway.  The  additional 
capital  sought  by  the  Bill  is  £463,000  of  preference  stock  and  £403  000  borrow- 
ing powers :  "  A  Bill  for  empowering  the  City  and  South  London  Railway  Co. 
to  enlarge  their  railway  tunnels;  to  raise  further  money;  and  for  other  pur- 
poses." By  this  Bill  power  is  sought  by  the  City  and  South  London  Railway 
Co.  for  the  enlargement  of  the  tunnels  of  that  company,  and  to  wholly  or 
partially  stop  or  suspend  the  working  of  their  railway  during  the  construction 
of  such  enlargement.  Power  is  also  sought  by  the  City  and  South  London 
Railway  Co.  to  enter  into  working  or  other  agreements  with  this  company. 
The  London  Electric  Railway  Act,  1912,  which  included  amongst  other  things 
powers  to  consolidate  the  authorieed  Edgware  and  Hampstead  Railway  with 
that  railway,  received  Royal  Assent  on  August  7th,  1912.  The  Edgware  and 
Hampstead  Railway  Co.  has  therefore  become  part  ot  this  undertaking.  By 
the  Railway  Ccmpanies'  (Accounts  and  Returns)  Act,  1911,  which  came  into 
operation  on  Jaruary  1st,  1913,  the  obligation  upon  the  company  to  prepare 
half-yearly  accounts  and  to  hold  an  ordinary  general  meeting  more  than  once 
a  year  is  removed.  The  accounts,  in  future,  will  be  made  op  yearly,  and  one 
ordinary  general  meeting  only  will  be  held  in  the  month  of  January  or 
February  in  each  year.  The  directors,  however,  will  declare  interim  dividends 
in  the  month  of  July  or  August, 

Half-year,  Half-year, 

Dec,  1911.  Dec,  1912. 


Train-mileage 
Car-mileage 


2,741,309 
9,121,677 


2,807,557 
9,472,887 


The  meeting  is  to  be  held  to-day  (Friday)  at  Westminster  Palace 
Hotel. 


Cape  Electric  Tramways,  ltd. 

An  extraordinary  general  meeting  of  the  shareholders  of  the  above 
company  was  held  on  Wednesday,  at  the  offices  1,  London  Wall 
Buildings*,  E.C.,  Mr.  L.  Breitmeyer  presiding. 

The  Chair.m.\n  moved  the  following  resolution  : — 

That  the  company's  articles  of  association  be  altered  by  deleting  Article  81 
and  substituting  therefor  the  following  :—"  81.  The  board  shall  be  entitled  as 
from  July  1st,  1912,  to  receive  by  way  of  remuneration  in  each  year  at  r)w  rate 
cf  £200  for  each  director,  with  an  additional  sum  of  fICO  for  the  chairman, 
and  such  further  sums  as  may  be  voted  by  the  members  in  general  meeting. 
The  division  of  all  such  remuneration  between  the  directors  shall  be  deter- 
..mined  by  resolution  of  the  board  from  time  to  tune." 

He  said  that  the  meeting  had  been  called  simply  for  the  purpose 
of  dealing  with  the  remuneration  of  the  directors.  As  thsy  would 
remember,  the  articles  provided  no  fees,  and  hitherto  it  had  been 
the  custom  for  shareholders  to  vote  the  directors  a  sum  at  the 
annual  meeting.  At  the  meeting  last  November  a  discussion  arose 
regarding  the  remuneration,  and  they  would  readily  understand 
that  that  discussion  was  distasteful  to  liim  and  his  colleagues, 
and  he  was  confident  of  their  approval  of  the  steps  which  wen 
now  being  taken  to  settle  the  question  once  for  all.  Thi 
remuneration  which  they  asked — £200  for  each  director,  with 
£  1 00  additional  for  the  chairman — was  not  excessive,  and  they 
considered  that  they  were  fully  entitled  to  it  for  the  Onerous  work 
they  were  doing  for  the  company.  He  might  mention  that  they 
had  received  proxies  for  about  300,000  shares  in  favour  of  the 
rejolution. 

Mu.  Dam.s  seconded  the  motion,  ard  it  was  carried  unanimously. 


Provincial  Cineniatos:ra]ili  Theatres.  Ltd. — A  third 

interim  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  was  paid  on  January  22nd,  making 
a  total  of  15  per  cent,  for  the  nine  months  of  the  year  endintr 
January  Blst,  1913. 

(iwjnnes,  litd. — A  petition  for  confinuing  the  rediictiou 
of  capital  from  £136,000  to  £»2,r>00  is  to  be  heard  in  the  Chancery 
Diviaion  on  February  1 0th. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8sr,,  januauy  ;ii,  i9i:i.]     TTTR    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


189 


Metropolitan  Hxiluay  Co. 

Kou  i\u'.  half-your  omlud  Docomber,  I'.l I U,  t)io  dirootorH  report  that 
tho  totnl  rocoipts  were  £402, fill,  and  thi^  exputiHeH  £r.)|,CriO, 
loavins;  a  prolit  of  £L'07,il!i4.  Compared  with  the  oirreHpondin(f 
half-year  of  I'JU,  the  rcooiptM  show  an  inoreaxe  of  £,r>J><H  and  the 
oxponHOH  u  docroaiio  of  (tl,2:!'.(.  The  net  reveinu!  aucount,  after 
providing,'  for  the  interoHt  upon  thodubentiiro  Htuuk^  and  other  tixud 
oharpeH  and  plaoiut;  £7,.'»00  to  tho  olt^utrical  ronowal  and  deprecia- 
tion fund,  ahowH  a  1ialun<;o  of  £171, TTH,  whioh  will  permit  of  tho 
payment  of  tho  dividends  upon  tho  preference  .Mtook.i,  and  leave  a 
balanoe  of  £6(;,o;>7  available  for  divi(lend  ui)on  the  ordinary  stock. 
The  dircotorM  recommend  a  dividend  upon  the  ordinary  stock  for 
the  past  half-year  at  the  rate  of  £1  l.")S.  per  cent,  per  annum, 
carryinjr  forward  i;',i,r.i7. 

The  Surplus  Lands  Committee  announce  that  the  dividend  on  the 
surplus  lands  stock  for  the  half-year  will  be  at  the  rate  of  £2  lOa. 
per  cent,  per  annum. 

The  p.assentrer  traflic  for  short  distances  has  again  suffered 
severely  from  the  competition  of  motor-omnibus  services,  but  the 
lonffer  distance  traffic  is  steadily  prowinff.  The  season-ticket  busi- 
ness continues  to  show  a  satisfactory  expansion,  while  the  receipts 
from  (roods  and  mineral  traffic  exhibit  appreciable  profrre.«».  A 
resolution  will  be  submitted  at  a  special  meetinj;  immediately 
following  the  ordinary  meeting  with  a  view  to  the  creation  of  the 
capital  authorised  by  the  Metropolitan  Railway  Act,  1912. 

A  BUI  13  being  promoted  ia  the  ensuing  sesaionof  Parliament  for  the  transfer 
to  and  vesting  In  the  company  of  the  Ureat  Northern  and  City  Railway  ;  for 
the  construction  of  railways  to  connect  the  Groat  Northern  and  City  Co.'s 
undertaking  with  the  company's  railway  near  Liverpool  btreet  Btntion  and 
with  the  Waterloo  and  City  Railway  at  tho  Bank,  and  for  other  purposf  s. 

A  Bill  has  also  been  deposited  by  the  Metropolitan  District  Railway  Co., 
which  includes,  amongst  other  provisions,  proposals  for  the  acquisition  of 
lands  for  the  enlar^-cnient  of  Aldgats  (East)  Joint  Station. 

These  Bills  will  be  submitted  for  approval  at  a  special  (WharnolilTe) 
meeting. 

The  work  of  replacing  the  electrical  plant  originally  installed  at 
\easden  by  improved  machines  is  now  practically  completed,  and 
a  substantial  saving  in  the  cost  of  the  productioa  of  current  is 
thereby  being  effected,  notwithstandiner  the  serious  increase  in  the 
price  of  fuel.  In  order  to  provide  for  the  increased  service  of 
through  trains  between  the  St.  John's  Wood  line  and  the  City,  and 
the  contemplated  working  of  an  electrical  service  over  the  East 
London  line,  it  has  been  necessary  to  proceed  with  the  laying  of 
additional  cables  between  Neasden  and  Moorgate  Street  and  the 
installation  of  another  rotary  converter  at  Baker  Street  Sub-Station. 
The  subways  at  Moorgate  Street  connecting  this  company's  station 
with  those  of  the  City  and  South  London  and  Great  Northern  and 
City  Railways,  were  opened  on  September  2nd  last,  and  have  proved 
a  great  convenience  to  passengers.  Facilities  for  the  working  of 
through  trains  between  the  St.  John's  Wood  line  and  the 
City  have  been  greatly  increased  by  the  opening  of  the  double 
junction  at  Baker  Street  on  November  4th  last.  The  elec- 
trification of  the  East  London  Railway  is  rapidly  approach- 
ing completion,  and  the  through  running  of  Metropolitsn 
trains  over  that  railway  will  be  shortly  resumed.  Further 
contracts  for  the  widening  of  the  railway  between  Finchley  Road 
and  Wembley  Park  and  for  improvements  at  Finchley  Road  Station 
have  been  met,  and  substantial  progress  has  been  made  with  these 
works  during  the  half-year.  Contracts  have  been  entered  into  for 
the  construction  of  general  offices  at  Baker  Street,  and  also  of  a 
block  of  residential  flats  over  the  railway  close  to  Regent's  Park. 
In  pursuance  of  an  agreement  with  the  Strand  Hotel  Co.,  Ltd.,  a  con- 
tract will  be  entered  into  for  the  erection  by  this  company  of  a  large 
hotel  on  the  building  site  which  will  be  created  over  the  new  station 
at  Baker  Street,  fronting  Marylebone  Road.  Negotiations  for  the 
acquisition  of  the  land  for  the  railway  to  Watford,  authorised  by 
the  company's  Act  of  1912,  are  proceeding. 

The  proprietors  are  aware  that  the  position  of  the  company  in  relation  to 
proposals  for  a  union  of  interests  between  the  various  transit  companies  in  the 
metropolis  has  engaged  the  careful  consideration  of  the  directors  for  some 
time  past.  Having  regard  to  all  the  circumstances,  the  directors  have  eome 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  Interests  of  the  company  would  best  be  served 
by  maintaining  a  position  of  financial  independence.  An  understanding  has, 
however,  been  arrived  at  whereby  this  company  and  the  Undei  ground  Electric 
Railways  Co.  will  work  in  friendly  co-operation  in  order  to  obviate  unnecessary 
competition  and  to  afford  the  fullest  possible  facilities  to  the  public. 

The  National  Insurance  Act,  1911,  came  into  operation  on  July  15th  last, 
and  imposes  a  substantial  buiden  upon  the  revenues  of  the  company.  A 
certificate  of  exemption  from  the  Act  has,  however,  been  granted  by  the 
Insurance  Commissioners  in  favour  of  the  members  of  the  company's  clerical 
staff  who  are  contributing  members  of  the  Railway  Clearing  bystem  Super- 
annuation Fund  ;  but  in  order  that  the  lull  benefits  of  that  fund,  as  set  forth 
in  the  Railway  Clearing  System  Superannuation  Fund  (Contributing 
Companies)  Act,  1900,  may  be  secured,  a  resolution  will  be  submitted  to 
the  proprietors  at  a  special  meeting  which  will  follow  the  Wharncliffe 
meeting. 

The  directors  regret  to  report  the  death  on  November  10th  of  their  esteemed 
colleague  and  deputy-chairman.  Lord  Furness,  and  desire  to  place  on  record 
their  iippreciation  of  his  valuable  services  to  the  company  since  his  election  to 
the  board  in  1901.  Mr.  Paul  Speak  has  been  appointed  to  the  position  of 
deputy  chairman  in  bis  place. 

The  agreement  with  the  Great  Northern  and  City  Co.  for  tbe  acquisition  of 
that  company's  undertaking  provides  for  the  election  to  the  board  of  this 
company  o(  two  of  their  present  directors,  vi/  ,  the  chairman  (the  Earl  of 
Lauderdale)  and  Sir  Clarendon  Hyde.  The  vacancy  on  the  board  caused  by 
the  death  of  Lord  Furness  has  been  tilled  by  the  election  of  Sir  Clarendon 
Hyde,  and  the  proprietors  will  be  asked  to  agree  to  a  resolution  to  increase 
the  number  of  directors  from  eight  to  nine  in  order  to  permit  of  the  election  of 
the  Earl  of  Lauderdale  to  the  board  in  the  event  of  ihat  prrtion  of  the  com- 
pany's Bill  relating  to  the  Great  Northern  and  City  Railway  becoming  law, 
and  to  make  provision  for  the  consequent  adaitional  rcmuueratiou  of  the 
directors. 


Year. 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 


Passengers. 

99  9iil.997 
10-2,849,458 
101,620  C53 
100,116,3'21 


Gross  receipts. 

£696,881 

118.089 

720,746 

712,239 


pulitun  lliiiway  huviriK  bucn  op«'nod  for  trntll>:  on  .Idfiuary  lOth, 
18rt:t.  "Ill  I  oni^rutulating  the  propri<!t<irn  of  th<!  rinlwuv  on  th* 
attainment  of  it^^  .lubiluo,  it  in  hi);bly  i^ratifyinir  tii  ncord  that 
during  the  hnlf-contury  under  review  more  than  :i,:>i)i),i)'''> '>'>'> 
puwonirorH  have  Ix^en  conveyed  over  tho  line,  anrl  that  only  on  on»! 
ooouHion  has  n  fatnl  acciilcnt  ocnurre'l  for  which  thn  company  coulrl 
be  hold  in  ariy  way  reMpoiiHible."  in  future,  the  a«;<»unt»i  will  t«- 
made  uji  in  uiiiitial  periodn,  but  the  diri'cforit  are  lanjxjweri-d  Ui 
ducluro  and  pay  an  interim  dividend  for  tbe  tirnt  half  of  any  year. 

.Mllei. 
Half-year  endad 
De<'.,  1<«11.         Dm-.,  1912. 
Bteam  pauengor  traioH  -iOO.nil  'JII.hT,/! 

Electric        „  „  I.TlC.i.rrf,;  1.7O.047 

Utuam  goodfi  and  mineral  trains  97,41/7  '.in,:fj» 

Electric    „  ,,  „       . .  I, "IS  <.'."''' 


Total    . . 


■i,l(J2,r,10 


2,ioa,i;70 


Blackpool  and   Fleetwood  Tramroad  Co.— For  the 

half-year  ended  December  the  amount  of  profit  availablf;  for  distri- 
tion  to  the  shareholders  ia  £14,027.  The  directors  propose  to  pay  a 
dividend  for  the  six  months  at  the  rate  of  9  per  cent,  [ler  annum, 
which  will  absorb  £6,7.50  ;  to  place  £H,.")0o  to  depreciation  :  to 
place  £750  to  the  general  reserve  account,  and  carry  the  balance 
forward. 

Dundee.  Broii^lity  Ferrj,  and  District  Tram- 
ways Co.  — The  directors  announce  an  interim  dividend  on  the 
preference  shares  at  G  per  cent,  per  annum. 

Singapore  Electric  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. — A  peti- 
tion to  the  Courts,  for  confirming  the  reduction  of  capital  from 
£400,000  to  £100,000,  is  to  be  heard  on  February  4th. 

Yorkshire  (West  Ridin<^)  Electric  Traniwaj.s,  Ltd. 

— The  directors,  in  their  report  for  the  year  ended  December,  1912, 
state  that  after  providing  for  all  expen.ses,  including  repairs, 
maintenance,  and  debenture  interest,  the  operations  resulted  in  a 
net  income  of  £20,10<>,  which  has  been  appropriated  as  follows  : — 
To  dividend  on  (i  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  shares,  at  :i  per 
cent,  per  annum,  less  income-tax,  £i;,.'.31  ;  to  depreciation,  renewals, 
reserve  fund  in  lieu  of  accident  insurance,  and  general  reserve  fund 
accounts,  i:7,3i'9.  £ii,243  is  written  off  preliminary  expenses 
account. 

Parsons    Marine    Steam    Tnrbine    Co.,  Ltd, — The 

directors  have  declared  an  interim  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  for  the 
half-year  to  December  Hist. 

Sniitbtleld  Markets  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.— The 

directors  have  declared  a  dividend  of  2  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary 
shares  for  the  year  to  December  Hist,  carrying  forward  £954. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


The  figures  given  in  the  report  praitically  cjmplete  a  pariod  of 
50  yeirs  of  tha  cjmpjay's  operations,  the  first  sejtioa  of  ths  Matro- 


Toesday  Evening, 
Every  market  in  the  Stock  Exchange  is  under  the  influence  of  the 
foreign  political  situation,  which  has  forced  business  to  a  stand- 
still, and  depressed  prices  from  Consols  downwards.  The  unrest 
abroad  is  supplemented  by  unsettlement  at  home,  and,  by  a 
whimsical  turn  of  the  political  wheel,  the  Suffragettes  have  been 
able  to  command  more  serious  attention  this  week  than  they  have 
done  through  the  carrying  out  of  all  their  freakish  operations  in 
times  past. 

Markets  in  electrical  railway  stocks  are  quiet  to  dull.  The 
declaration  of  the  usual  dividends  on  the  Central  London  Trio  had 
no  effect  upon  prices,  because  it  was  agreed  that  the  announce- 
ment was  of  academic  interest  only,  having  regard  to  the  fact  that  the 
proprietors  of  the  company  have  agreed  to  throw  in  their  lot  with 
the  Underground  Electric  group.  Metropolitans  were  the  Stock 
Exchange  tip  just  before  the  announcement  of  the  dividend,  and 
when  the  figures  quoted  here  last  week  were  announced,  the  price 
ran  up  to  54  bid,  from  which  it  has  quietly  dwindled  since.  On 
balance  this  week,  the  stock  is  1 1  down.  Districts  also  have  gone 
back  after  being  a  good  market,  and  Underground  Electric  Rail- 
way shares,  though  they  touched  5 1  buyers  the  other  day,  ea^ed  off 
later  to  il.  The  "  A "  shares  of  the  company  at  15s.  are  .^Vi  down, 
but  the  Income  bonds,  the  dividend  on  which  is  expected  to  be 
declared  this  %veek,  gained  a  point.  Anticipation  looks  for  the  full 
6  per  cent,  on  the  bonds. 

Activity  has  been  stimulated  in  the  shares  of  the  New  Central 
Omnibns  Company,  a  concern  which  has  a  close  working  agreement 
with  the  London  General  Omnibus  Company,  and  from  35s.  the 
price  was  run  up  to  45s. 

The  decision  of  the  London  and  Brighton  Railway  to  electrify 
nearly  200  miles  more  of  their  line  has  impirt*>d  quiet  strength  to 
the  shares  if  the  L  ndon  EUctric  Siiiplj  C'  rp..ration.  Tht-  prices 
of  the  Ordinary  and  Preference  are  firm  at  \i  and  .">i''„  resp-n-tively. 
According  to  a  Stock  Exchange  statement,  the  Brighton  Railway 
is  thoroughly  well  satisfied  with  the  i^ource  of  its  supply,  and  there 
seems  to  be  little  chance  at  present  of  the  company  br.iiiching  oat 
into  an  electric  power  business  of  ita  own,  while  io  is  further  said 
tha'j  the  London  Electric  is  capable  of  supplying  all  the  current 
which  the  Brighton  Railway  will  need  for  the  proposed  extension. 


190 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [VoL72.  No.  i,83g,  januabt  si,  1913. 


EdmundsoDS  and  Urbans  are  a  better  market,  and  Edmundson's 
Preference  have  responded  in  price.  The  market  in  City  of 
London  shares  has  become  very  dry  ag'ain,  business  beiDg  only 
fitful,  and  pointing  in  no  particular  direction  for  long  at  a  time. 
For  the  beat-class  shares  there  is  a  fair  demand. 

(^>uestions  connected  with  Electricity  Supply  shares  naturally 
arose  out  of  the  National  Telephone  award,  and  although  the  posi- 
tions of  the  companies  and  the  National  Telephone  are  radically 
different,  it  is  only  natural  that  shareholders  should  be  inquiring 
whether  they  are  likely  to  be  treated  in  the  same  way  as  those  in 
the  National  Telephone  undertaking.  It  may  mean  that  the  boards 
of  some  of  the  Electric  Lighting  concerns  will  consider  the 
advisability  of  changing  their  policy,  and  either  distributing  profits 
well  up  to  the  hilt,  or  else  seeing  to  it  that  their  reserves  are,  as  far 
as  possible,  in  actual  cash,  which  can  be  distributed  to  their  pro- 
prietors at  any  time.  Prices  in  the  market,  however,  suffered  in  no 
way  in  consequence  of  the  Telephone  award. 

Demand  for  shares  in  the  electrical  manufacturing  companies  is 
associated  with  the  idea  that  the  latter  are  doing  extremely  well 
just  now.  In  this  case,  and  in  that,  one  hears  of  books  being  full 
of  orders  for  another  year  or  so,  and  evidently  those  who  are  in  the 
know  are  also  not  averse  to  buying  a  few  shares  in  the  companies 
most  interested.  British  Westinghouse  shares  retain  their  rise  of  last 
week.  Electric  Constructions  are  better,  and  other  issues  in  this 
department  are,  as  a  whole,  easier  to  sell  than  they  are  to  buy  ]ust 
at  present.  Crompton  Debentures  gained  IJ,  Callenders  are 
i  higher,  British  Thomson-Houston  Debenture  is  1  up.  British 
Aluminium  Ordinary  and  Babcock  Ordinary  are  both  -^  to  the 
good. 

Report  has  it  that  Eiison  a:  Swan  Company  may  shortly  lay 
before  its  shareholders  a  scheme  of  reorganising  its  capital,  and  a 
great  deal  of  interest  attaches  to  the  way  in  which  this  will  be 
done.  If  the  £2  per  share  uncalled  liability  on  the  "  A  "  .shares  is 
cilled  up,  we  should  think  that  the  first  Debenture-holders  would 
have  something  to  say,  since  this  liability  forms  part  of  their 
security.  At  the  same  time,  it  would  be  better  for  all  concerned 
in  the  company  to  have  its  finances  placed  upon  a  thoroughly 
sound  basis  :  but  the  diflBculties  that  there  must  be  in  the  way  of 
effecting  equitable  arrangements  to  all  classes  of  the  company  can 
be  well  imagined.  The  First  Debenture  stock  has  fallen  i  points 
this  week. 

One  of  the  excitements  of  the  past  few  days  J)as  been  a  sudden 
descent  in  the  price  of  Georgia  Electric  Light  and  Power  share.s, 
which  from  .52  slumped  to  42.  The  reason  for  the  drop  was  an 
extraordinary  one.  The  previous  advance  had  been  brought  about 
largely  by  the  circulation  of  figures  from  the  Company's  office  in 
London,  showing  that  the  Georgia  Company  would  be  in  a  position 
to  pay  4  or  5  per  cent,  on  its  common  shares,  in  respect  of  the 
present  financial  year.  Later,  however,  it  was  discovered  that 
certain  of  the  statistics  were  inaccurate.  Upon  this  came  the 
slump  already  mentioned,  and  the  incident  has  flung  an  atmosphere 
of  doubt  over  all  the  undertakings  connected  with  the  Latin- 
Canadian  group.  The  mistake  appears  to  have  been  a  purely  acci- 
dental one  in  the  London  office,  and  to  have  had  no  official  recog- 
nition from  New  York  ;  but  the  bad  impression  created  will  take 
some  time  to  dissipate,  and  it  is  peculiarly  unfortunate  that  it 
should  have  occurred  at  the  time  w^hen  several  other  utility  com- 
pany issues  were  in  immediate  prospect.  After  the  fall  a  mild 
recovery  ensued  to  -tSj. 

The  Latin-Canadian  group,  as  a  whole,  is  somewhat  upset  by  the 
Georgia  incident,  in  addition  to  which  there  has  been  flatness  in 
Mexican  issues  generally.  Shawinigans  fell  2.  though  the  bonds 
are  J  up.  Mexican  Light  and  Power  remain  very  steady,  nor 
have  Mexico  Tramways  movedT  Montereys  lost  a  point.  On  the 
other  hand,  Montreal  Light,  Heat  and  Power  Common  gained  6,  and 
Royal  Electric  of  Montreal  4J  per  cent.  Debenture  put  on  2  bonds. 
Electric  Development  of  Ontario  bonds  are  i  higher,  in  connection 
with  the  issue  this  week  of  $3,000,000  4i  per  cent,  guaranteed 
Debenture  stock  at  97  by  the  Toronto  Power  Company  and  the 
Toronto  Railway  Company.  The  prospectus  of  this  newcomer 
appeared  at  a  moment  none  too  opportune  for  fresh  appeals  to  the 
investor,  but  the  stock  can  be  regarded  as  a  good  investment  of  its 
kind,  though  it  is  offered  at  a  price  very  little  less  than  the  quotation 
for  the  existing  Debenture  stock,  which  is  98.  The  Company's  4  J 
percent.  Debenture  stock  (1918)  stands  at  99J.  The  rest  of  the 
electric  tramways,  railways  and  power  group  is  steady.  Anglo- 
Argentine  Debentures  show  an  improving  tendency,  and  West 
Kootenay  gold  bonds  are  a  little  better.  Victoria  Falls  Power 
Preference  lost  .,>.;. 

National  Telephone  Deferred  stock  continues  to  provide  plenty  of 
scope  for  speculation.  On  balance,  the  movement  is  decidedly 
retrograde,  the  stock  having  lost  another  5  points  this  week. 
The  market  revises  its  estimates  almost  from  day  to  day  ;  and  as 
the  stock  goes  lower,  so  are  the  calculations  modified.  Marconis, 
on  the  other  hand,  have  been  on  the  up  grade,  regaining  most 
of  the  fall  of  last  week.  Opinion  in  the  House  still  adheres  to  the 
idea  that,  in  proposing  the  nullification  of  the  agreement  with  the 
Government,  the  Marconi  Company  has  made  an  excellent  move. 
Certainly  one  of  the  unexpected  developments  has  been  increased 
speculation  in  the  shares.  Canadian,  American  and  Spanish 
Marconis  are  moving  in  sympathy  with  the  fluctuations  in  the 
parent  shares,  and,  of  the  trio,  the  Canadians  are  the  most 
animated. 

The  Telegraph  market  is  very  quiet.  West  India  and  Panama 
and  Anglo-American  Deferred  both  went  back  a  little.  Except  for 
the£e  movements,  there  are  no  changes  worth  mentioning.  Reuters 
rose  to  11  i,  the  high  yield  again  attracting  purchasers.  There  are 
no  movements  to  be  recorded  in  any  of  the  Eastern  stocks  and 
shares. 


MARKET     QUOTATIONS. 


It  should  be  remembered,  in  making  use  of  the  figures  appearing 
in  the  following  list,  that  in  some  cases  the  prices  are  only  general, 
and  may  vary  according  to  quantities  and  other  circumstances. 


Wednesday 

January  29th. 

CHEMICALS.  Ac. 

Latesi 
Price. 

Fortnight's 
Inc.  or  Deo. 

a  Acid,  Mydrochlorlo 

per  cwt. 

6/- 

a     H     Nitrio 

22/. 
2|a. 

m     „     Oxalic            

per  lb. 

M     „      Sulphuric 

per  cwt. 

5/6 

a  Ammoniac  Sal        

42/- 

a  Ammonia,  Muriate  (large  crystal)  per  ton 

£2910 

a  Bleaching  powder 

£510 

a  Bisulphide  of  Carbon 

,^ 

£18 

a  Borax 

£16  10 
£25  10 

a  Copper  Sulphate 

" 

a  Lead,  Nitrate         

" 

£29  10 

a      „     White  Sugar 

£i7  10 

]    • 

a       „      Peroxide 

£.12 

e  Methylated  Spirit 

per  gal. 

2/6 

a  Potassium,  Bichromate,  in  casks 

per  lb. 

Sid. 

a  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %) 

per  ton 

£22  10 

a        „       Chlorate 

per  lb. 

nt 

a        „      Perchlorate 

" 

a  Potassium,  Cyanide  (98/100  %) . . 

7id. 

(for  mining  purposes  only) 

a  Shellac         

per  cwt. 

72,6 

a  Sulphate  of  Magnesia 

per  ton 

£4  10 

a  Sulphur,  Sublimed  Flowers 

£6  10 

a        „         Recovered 

£5  10 

a        „        Lump      

II 

£5 

a  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/72  %)    . . 

£10  5 

a      ,.     Chlorate       

per  lb. 

86d, 

a      „     Crystals         

per  ton 

£3  6 

a  Sodium  Bichromate,  casks 

per  lb. 

8d, 

METALS,  &c, 

b  Alnminitmi  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  . . 

per  ton 

£93 

£2  .Vc. 

b           „           Wire,  in  ton  lots    . . 

£iia 

b           „           Sheet,  in  ton  lots    . . 

£120 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots     . . 

£88  to  £146 

c  Brass  (rolled  metal  2"  to  12"  basis) 

per  lb. 

m. 

c      „     Tube  (brazed) 

KM. 

Jd.'irc. 

c      „         „     (solid  drawn) 

,, 

■lid. 

id.  inc. 

c      .,     Wire,  basis 

II 

'*Id. 

c  Copper  Tubes  (brazed)     . . 

„ 

1/Oid. 

c        „           „      (solid  drawn) 

Hid. 

g       „      Bars  (best  selected) 

per  ton 

£92 

g       „       Sheet          

£32 

g       „      Rod 

£92 

rf       „       (Electrolytic)  Bars 

£70 

£4"dcc. 

d       „                  „            Sheets      .. 

„ 

£93      • 

£1  dee. 

d       „                 „           Rods 

II 

£P1 

£ldcc. 

d       „                  „            H.C.  Wire 

per  lb. 

9id. 

Id,  dec. 

/  Ebonite  Rod            

" 

e/a 

/       „         Sheet         

4/9 

o  German  Silver  Wire 

l/IO 

h  Gutta-percha,  fine 

7/-  to  8/- 

h  India-rubber,  Para  fine  . . 

II 

illi 

l}d!'inc. 

/  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . , 

per  ton 

65/3 

9i<l.  dec. 

/     „     Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual. 

II 

£14 

g  Lead,  English  Pig 

II 

£18  6  to  £18 10 

m  Manganin  Wire  No.  38  .. 

per  lb. 

6/6 

g  Mercury         

per  bot. 

£7  8  6 

e  Mica  (in  original  oases)  small   . . 

per  lb. 

6d.  to8s. 

e     ,.               HI.      medium 

II 

8/6  to  e/- 

e     ..               ..           ,.      large   . . 

7/6  to  11/- 

o  Nickel,  ahuct,  wire,  &c 

3lt;  to  J  6  iiom. 

p  Phosphor  Bronze,  plain  castings 

II 

1/2  to  1/4 

p         „            „    rolled  bars  &  rods 

II 

1/2 

p         „           ,.  rolled  strip  &  sheet 

l/2i 

o  Platinum       

per  oz.       J 

186/: 

d  Silicium  Bronze  Wire 

per  lb. 

lUd. 

Steel,  Magnet,  in  bars 

per  ton 

£66 

g  Tin,  Block  (English) 

£231  10  to  £2.S2  10 

a    „     Wire,  Nos.  1  to  16    . . 

per  lb. 

2/9 

p  White  Antifriction  Metals 

per  ton 

£46  to  £3!) 

k  Zinc,  Sh't  (Vieille  Montague  bnd.) 

" 

£S0 

n  12  n  dec. 

QnotBtions  Bupplled  b 

r— 

^ 

a  Q.  Boor  k  Cc. 

y  Bollln 

!  4  Lowe. 

b  The  British  Alumlnlom  O].,  Ltd, 

JrMorri 

s  Ashby,  Ltd, 

c  Thos.  Bolton  &  Sons,  Ltd. 

/  Bicha 

rd  Johnson  4  Nep 

tiew,  Ltd. 

d  Frederick  Smith  4  Co, 

mW.T 

.  Glover  4  Co.,  Lt 

d. 

e  F,  Wiggins  4  Sons, 

oP.  On 

niston  4  Sons 

/Indla-Bubber,   Gutta-Percha    and 

o  Johns 

on,  Malthey  4  Oo 

,  LM. 

Telegraph  Works  Co,,  Ltd, 
g  James  i  Bbakspeate. 
%  Edward  TUl  ft  Oo, 

p 

rW.F, 

Dennli  4  Oo, 

Stock  Exchangfe  Notices. — The  Committee  have  ordered 
the  following  to  be  quoted  in  the  OfiScial  List : — Montreal  Tram- 
ways Co.— 810,445,000  First  and  Refunding  Mortgage  5  per  cent. 
30-year  Gold  bonds  (Nos.  D  1  to  1,016  of  $500,  and  M  1  to  9,922,  of 
31,000  each). 

Westminster   Electric  Snpplj  Corporation,  Ltd. — 

The  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  11  percent, 
per  annum  (less  income-tax)  for  the  half-year  to  December  8 let, 
making  10  per  cent,  for  the  year. 

City  of  Buenos  A.vres  Tramways  Co.  (1!>04),  Ltd. 

— The  directors  have  declared  a  balance  dividend  for  the  year  ending 
December  3tst  of  Is.  3d.  per  share  (making  5  per  cent,  per  annum). 
£4,600  is  to  be  transferred  to  the  general  amortisation  fund,  and 
£92  carried  forward. 


Vol.73.    No.  i,8:ir,jAN.;A..v  n.iyn.i       THE    ELECTRICATi     REVIEW. 


19' 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELEOTRIOAL     COMPANIES 


ENeLI8H    ELECTRICITY    »UFFLY    AND   TOWEB   C0KFAME8. 


MAUB. 


Boarnemonth  ft  Pool*,  Ord<    . . 

Do.    4i%Pret 

Do,    Rooond  6  %  Prat, 

Do.    44  %  Deb.  Stock.. 
Brompton  St  KennlnKton,  Ord.. . 

Do.    7  %  Cum.  Prof 

OenlTKl  Eleotrio  Bqpply,  4  %) 

Qnftr.  Deb.  / 

Ohsrlng  Gross,  West  End  &  Oit; 

Do.    4J%0nm.  Pref 

Do,     "  City     Undertaking "  1 
4i  %  Onm.  Pref.  J 

Do,  Do.  4%  Deb 

Chelsea,  Ord 

Do.    4i%Dob 

Olty  of  London,  Ord 

Do,    6  %  Cam.  Pre! 

Do.    B%Deb 

Do.    4)  %  Beoond  Deb, 
Ooonty  of  London,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    4}  %  Deb 

Do,    4j  %  Second  Deb, 
Bdmondson's,  Ord, 

Do,    6  %  Com.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Non-Cnm.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    4^  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . . 
Folkestone 

Do,    6  %  Cnm,  Pref 

Do,    4i%  First  Deb 

HoTe 


Stock 

DiTidends 

Share. 

for 

. 

1911. 

1913. 

10 

n 

lit 

10 

*h 

10 

H 

H 

stock 

th 

^t 

B 

10 

S 

7 

7 

100 

4 

4 

6 

S 

B( 

6 

4i 

*4 

B 

4i 

4i 

100 

4 

4 

6 

6 

4t 

Stock 

*fl 

«*t 

10 

S 

10 

« 

C 

Stock 

fi 

B 

100 

4« 

4Jt 

10 

B 

4t 

10 

H 

« 

Stock 

*i 

Jl 

Stock 

*l 

i'i) 

Nil 

6 

Nil 

8 

5 

100 

4* 

4* 

6 

K 

H 

E 

5 

6 

100 

M 

If 

B 

9 

Oloilnc 

Qnotatlont 
Jan.  3Hth. 


9*—  II 

8^     »! 
10  —  1 

on  —  98 

8j-  fla 

»4—    9 


4a-    Ei 

44-  4 

3S-  4i! 
92  —  94 

48-  5* 
Bfi  -  99 
16  —    174 

la  -  134 
iif)  —120 
100  —102 

112-  11? 

114-  la 

104  -106 
98  -101 

if  4a'"' 

83  —  85  xd 

4a-  64 

4§—    S4 
90  —  9axd 
74—    8 


Riie 

Pretanl 

+  or 

TIeld 

Fall 

P.O. 

— 

4  B.  d. 

B    4    9 

4  la    4 

S  14     8    i 

4  11  10 

E    6    8 

a  17    9 

4     1     8 

4  17    7 

4  12    4 

B    2  10 

4    5     1 

4  17    7 

4  10  U 

-  i 

4  11    r, 

4    9    0 

4   n  i 

4    8    3 

6     1     1 

BOO 

4    4  11 

4    8    8 

Nil 

+  i 

S    6  U 

B  17    1 

4  17    7 

4  17  10 

B  12    6 

Kensington  A  Knightsbrldge,  Ord 

Do.    4  %  Dob 

Kent  Bloc.  Power,  44  %  Deb.  .. 
tiondon  Elleatrle,  Ord 

Do,    8%  Prof 

Do,    4  %  First  Mort,  Deb,    . . 
Hetropolltan  

Do.    44  %  Com.  Pre! 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb,  . . 

Do.    84%  Mori.  Dob 

Midland   Electric  Corporation  I 

44  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  / 

NewcastleonTyno  B  %  Pref.,  1 

Non-Cam.  | 

North  Metropolitan  Power  Sop- 1 

ply,  B  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  J 

Netting    Bill,   6  %  Non-Cam,  I 

Pref.  J 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Bmlthfleld  Markets,  Ord, 
Soath  London,  Ord 

Do.    B  %  First  Mort.  Deb,    .. 
South  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref.. . 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Urban,  C5rd 

Do.    B%  Cum.  Pref 

Do,    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb. . . 
Westminster.  Ord, 

Do.    44%ODm.Prel 


Isioek 

DiTidoda 

Bbare. 

lor 

, 

1911.  IBia. 

B 

0         81 

Stock 

4         4 

Stock 
8 

3l.** 

B 

r ,  8 

Stock 

4 

4 

S 

4 

4t 

E 

« 

t 

Stock 

4 

t 

Stock 

S 

a 

100 

4 

4 

E 

6 

B 

100 

B 

B 

10 

e 

6 

s 

ti 

'  6f 

E 

10 

101 

E 

1 

7 

100 

84 

84 

E 

a 

4 

fi 

100 

E 

B 

1 

7 

T 

100 

n'SI 

4 

E 

a 

t 

100 
E 

iS* 

9I 

6 

4 

«i 

QaotaUoiif 
Jan.  asib. 


Ik-   H 

93-96 

78  —  80xd 
It-    a 
*i-  H 

89-93 

97  -100 

84  —  80 
98  -101 

H-  *l 

994-1024 

91-  lOJ 


4—  10 

n 

84-87 
97  —100 

ajll  4 

8fi  -  88 


RiM 

+  or 

rwi 


-I 


:  4  ••  d. 
E  10 
44a 

E  la  a 
a  IE  0 

i  B  14    3 
4    7    0 

B  a  8 
s  0  0 


COLONIAL   AND   FOBEieM   ELECTBICITT   SUPPLY   ASTD   POWEB. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pref 

Calcutta,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  let  Mort,  Bds, 
Canadian  Qen,  El,  Com, 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt..  Power  and T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Blec,  Lt.  and  P.  of  Coohabamba,  1 

6  %  Bonds ) 

Bleo,  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  1st  j 

Mort.  Deb,  j 

Eleo.  Dev,  Ontario,  E   %   let) 

Mort.  Bonds  I 

Kalgoorlle  Eleo.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Kamlnlstiqaia  Power,  6%  Ot.  Bs. 

Madras,  Ord.  

Melbourne,  6  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt^  6%  Ist  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do,    7%  Cum,  Pref 

Do,    B  %  let  Mort,  Qold  Bds, 


B 

R 

E 

8* 

6 

B 

100 

B 

$100 

7 

9100 

7 

I 

H 

100 

5 

100 

6 

100 

E 

$600 

E 

10/- 

Nil 

1 

H 

$600 

6 

6 

Nil 

100 

B 

B 

$100 

4 

$100 

7 

B 

4p-    6A 
92  -  94 

6    6    8 
5  19    4 
4  16    6 

6    6    6 

116  -120 

6  16    8 

120  —124 

6  13    0 

9l'Z,l' 

5    6    8 

B     1     0 

93  —  95 

6    6    4 

90  —  93 

5     7    6 

96-98 

+  4 

5    2    0 

1=      t 

NU 
9  16    2 

102  -104 

4  16    2 

11-  n 

101  -104 

4  16    a 

844-  664 

-4 

6  15    7 

82  -  86xd 

4  13    0 

lu5  -109 

-1 

6    8    5 

964-  984 

5     1     6 

Monterey  BIy,  Light  &  Power, ) 

6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Montreal,  Lt.,  B.  and  Power   . . 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal, ) 

B  %  1st  Mort.  Bonds  J 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref,      . . 

Do.    B  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Boy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  I 

1st  Mort.  Deb.  j 

Bhawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  l9t  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44%  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  «  %  Deb. 
Vera  Cruz  Lt.,  P.  and  T„  B  %  1 
1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 
West  Kootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 
1st  Mort.  6  %  Qold  / 


100 

B 

6 

$100 

B 

9+ 

$600 

6 

5a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

fi 

fi 

Do. 

6 

6 

100 

*4 

44 

$100 

6 

5 

$500 

E 

E 

Stock 
Do. 

3 

3 

100 

fi 

6 

1 

Hid. 

178d. 

100 

8 

6 

87  -  89  xd 

—1 

343  -248 

46 

10  —  20 

217  -227 

106  -111 

100  -102 

100  — 1C2 

+  2 

148  -1E2  xd 

—2 

106  —108 

+  4 

ICO4-IO24 

984-1004 

91  —  94 

m-   S4 

-A 

104  -106 

+  J 

TELEeBAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amaion  Telegraph 

Do,    E  %  Deb,  Bed 

American  Telep.  &  Teleg,,  Cap, 

Do,    Collat.  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    Def 

Anglo  •  Portugaese   Tel.,  5  % ) 
Mort.  Deb,  J 
Chill  Telephone    . . 
Commercial  Cable,  Stig.  4%  Deb. 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do.    10  %  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.    10  %  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %  1 

Reg.  Deb. )  [ 
Eastern  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do,    84  %  Pref,  Stock. . 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Eastern  Extension 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  S.  Africa  Tel.  4  %) 
Mt.  Db.  Mauritius  Sab.  / 
Qlobe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Qreal  Northern  Telegraph 
Indo-Buropeaa  Telegraph        . . 
Maokay  Companies  Common  .. 

Do.    4  %  Cum.  Pref 

Maroonl's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do,    7  %  Cum,  Partlo,  Pref, 


10 

4 

*¥ 

stock 

b 

b 

$100 

8 

8t 

$1000 

4 

4 

Stock 

H 

H 

!    Do, 

6 

6 

Do. 

80/- 

100 

6 

6 

fi 

7 

8 

Stock 

4 

4 

10 

6 

fit 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

4t 

6 

10 

10 

10 

5 

4 

100 

♦4 

*i 

stock 

7 

7t 

Do, 

84 

84 

Do, 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7t 

Stock 

4 

4 

96 

4 

4 

10 

fi 

6( 

10 

fi 

6 

10 

18 

18 

36 

13 

6t 

$100 

6 

5 

$100 

4 

4 

1 

3(1 

I 

17 

7-    74 

6    0    0 

974-  994 

+  * 

6    0    6 

136  -138 

6  15  11 

91  -  93 

4    6    0 

654-  674  xd 

4    8  11 

1104—1114  xd 

6    7     7 

24g-  24ixd 

-* 

6    0    8 

102  —104 

4  16    2 

74-     71 

6     3    3 

80-82 

4  17    7 

n-  8ixd 

1 

6  17    2 

16  -  17 

5  17    8 

^zf 

6  6    8 

7  2  10   ' 

4-    7ixd 

6  15    7 

99  —J  01 

4    9    0 

133  —136  xd 

6    2  11 

78  -  80  xd 

4    7    6 

96  —  98 

4     1     8 

13  -  184  xd 

6    3    8 

96-98 

4     18 

98  -101 

3  19    8    1 

108-  aoj 

5  10    4     i 

12|—  121 

4  13    2 

28*-  30X 

5  18    0 

564-  684 

6  11     1 

87  —  91 

6    9  11 

68  —  71 

5  12    8 

48-      44 

+A 

4    8  11 

si-    Si 

+  i 

4    7    0 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord, .. 

Do,    6%  Pref 

National  Telephone  Def, 

New  York  Telep.,  4*%  Gen,  Bnds, 

Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo, 

Do,    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do,    4%  Red.  Deb 

Paoiao  and  European  Tel.,  4  % ) 
Quar,  Debs.  J 

Renter's       

Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  %  1 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do,     4  %  Debs.,  1  to  1,600) 

guar,  by  Braz.  Bub.  Tel,  ] 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg, 

Do,    6  %  Cum,  Ist  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cnm,  3nd  Pref, 

Do,    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

6 

6i 

1 

E 

6 

Stock 

fi 

100 

44 

44 

1 

8 

fit 

1 

8 

8 

Stock 

4 

4 

Do, 

4 

4 

10 

10 

lot 

Cert, 

6 

fi 

Stock 

«i 

ii 

E 

8 

6 

6 

6 

Si 

n 

100 

4 

4 

10 

^ 

i4t 

10 

fi 

6 

10 

6 

fi 

100 

6 

B    1 

10 

7 

7f  : 

Stock 

4 

4     i 

!$1000 

«i 

(4 

H-iA 

i-      i 

94—98 
98i-  99i 


974-  994 

Hi-  ii'j 

127  —180 
97  —  99 

7rt-  m 
61-   sa 

lA-    lA 
95  —  98 
Si-      8i 

10  —  104 
94—  10 

101  —103 
18i-  185 
94  —  96 
974-1004 


—5 

+  4 

+  "i 
+  4 


-A, 


-A 


fi  14  3 
6  0  0 
4  17     1 


*  Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid. 


a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants. 


t  Interim  Dividend. 


t  as.  in  Funded  Dividend  Oerta 


CONTINUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE, 


192 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.72.  No.  i.sse,  januaeysi,  1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OF    ELECTRICAL    COMTANlES.-<C<mtinu»d.) 

ELECTRIC   RiJLWA¥8   AND   TKAJIWAT8.— HOME. 


MAMB, 


Bath  Trams,  Prel.  Ord 

Do.    e%Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Brit.  Blec.  Trao.,  6  %  Pref,     . . 
Do.        Do.  Deferred 

Do.  6%Ctmi.Pr'f. 

7%Non-Cnm.  Pt'f. 
5  f ,  Perp.  Deb.     . . 
4i  %  and  Deb.       . . 
Ocntral  Liondon  Bailwa;,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Def 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

City  A  Booth  London,  Ord. 
Do.    6  %  Pref.,  1891 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
4  %  Deb. 
Dablln  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 
Great  Northern  4  City,  Prf .  Ord 
Hastings  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4)  %  Deb 

Ble  of  Thanet  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 

London  Elec.  Railw'ys,  4  %  Deb. 

London  United  Trams,  S  %  Pref . 

Do.  4%  Deb 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Do. 
Do, 
Do. 
Do. 


1896 
1901 
1908 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


DlTldends 

for 

IBll. 

1919. 

Ml) 

NU 

6 

G 

44 

44 

'e 

6 

'6 

B 

s* 

^ 

4 

4 

9 

4 

4 

IR 

lit 

b 

6 

B 

6 

6 

5 

6 

6 

4 

4 

» 

fi 

Nil 

Nil 

6 

6t 

^ 

44 
2^ 

4 

4 

e 

6 

4 

4 

Nil 

4 

« 

Cloalng 

Qnotations 
Jan.  28th. 


76  —  81 

11  —  l.S 
5—7 

87  —  90 
87  —  40 
91  —  96 

77  —  81 
8a  —  84 
83  —  8R 
8a  —  84 
98  — IfO 
87A-  8PJ 

109"— 111 
109  -111 

109  -in 
10!)  —in 
98  —100 

12  -  18 

69  —  74 

94-  sa 

7fi  —  80 
7S  —  80 
95  —  97 
5  —  ti 
69  -  72 


Rise 

+  or 
Fall 


+  A 


Present 
Tield 

P.O. 


£  B.  d. 

NU 
6    8    1 
6  11    1 


6    6  3 

6  7  8 
8  11  6 
4  14  2 
a  7  7 
4  0  0 
8  11  5 
4  10  1 
4  10  1 
4  10  1 
4  10  1 
4  0  0 
4  13  4 

Nil 

7  7  8 


Metropolitan  Railway  Consol. . . 

Do.    BnrplDB  Lands    . . 

Do,    84%  Deb 

Do.    81  %  Pref 

Do.    Si  %  Con.  Prel 

Metropolitan  District  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do,    4  %  Prior  Uen    . . 

Do.    4i  %  First  Pref 

Do.    fl*%Qtd 

Metropolitan  Bleo.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    B%Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4}  %  Deb 

South  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground     Eleo.    Railways 

Do.     "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cum.  Inc.  Deb 

Do.    44%  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


1 

100 


I/- 

100 
100 
100 
6 
6 
100 


1911. 

1913. 

1 

1  t 

8 

a  1 

3 

Ni 

6 

6 

4 

4 

4 

4 

^ 

^ 

6 

6+ 

6 

6 

44 

«4 

6 

6 

84 

6 

b 

44 

44 

H 

« 

4 

6 

n 

il 

Nil 

8 

8t 

«4 

44 

631-  63} 
61  —  6S 
86  —  t8  xd 
85  —  87 
81  —  85 
40  —  40* 
189  —141' 
9»  -  95 
99  —101 
89  —  91 
76  —  78 

'Kf 
SO  —  92 
94-97 

85  —  88 
85  —  70 
*%~    ^. 

nil— liar 

98  —100 
954-  964 


79  -  63 


ELECTBICAL   RAILWAYS   AND   TRAKWATS.— COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  Ist  Pre!,     .. 

Do.    ilnd  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4}%  Deb 

Do.    6%rieb 

Anokland  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Elec.  8.  &  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.     S  "Tand  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  1 
Power  / 
Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B.  Colombia  Elec.  Bly.,  Del.    .. 

Do.    Pref.  Ord ' 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    44  %  1st  Mort.  Deb.      . . 

Do.    44  %  Vanoonver  Deb.    . . 

Do.    4|  %  Con.  Deb 

CalCDtta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Oape  Electric  Trams 

City  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Eleo.  Tr.  &  Lt.,  6  %  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  . , 

Do.    B%ADeb 

Do,    6%BDeb 


E 
6 

ill 

ft 

100 

4 

4 

100 

44 

44 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

10 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

100 

6 

6 

$100 

6 

8 

8t 

6 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

100 

« 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

40 
100 

It 

St 

100 

4i 

4i 

6 

7 

5f 

6 

6 

6 

100 

1 

t 

44 

6 

6 

Bt 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

tiooo 

1 

6 

Nil 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

8 

4i-    5i 

5    7    4 

4A-  m 

6  14    8 

93  -  96 

+   * 

4    4    3 

99  -101 

+  1 

4    9    1 

98j— lOdi 

4  19    fi 

101  -103 

4  17    1 

114-  I2i 

4  18    0 

96  -  98 

4  11  10   i 

97  —  99 

5  1  0  : 

101  —103 

^l\ 

5    8    6 
4  IS    3 

99  -102 

4    8    S 

142  -146 

+  1 

5    9    7 

122  -126 

+  2 

4  15    3 

105  -108  xd 

4  12    7 

100  -103 

4    7    6 

101  — lOSxd 

4    7    6 

97  -100 

4    6    0 

5J-    6i 

5  12    0 

4S8— BiV 

4  17    7 

97  —100 

4  10    0 

8-     3 

b,\-  5U 

4    8    0 

97  -100 

5    0    0 

93  -  97 

6    S    1 

99  —103  xd 

+  1 

4  17    1 

81^=88* 

Nil 
6  13    8 

80-40 

La  Plata  Eleo.  Trms,  Ord , 

Do.    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Eleo.  Tr,  (1904),  Deb.  . . 
Manaos  Trams  &  Lt.,  let  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.  and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Qen.  Con.  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys.  &  Lt.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Ist  Deb 

Perth  (W.A.)  Eleo.  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  1st.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Snp.,  Pref. . . 

Do,    4i  %  Ist  Deb 

Rio  de  Janeiro  Trame,  Ist  Mort. ) 
5  %  Bonds  I 

Do.    6  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Sao  Paalo  Tram,  Lt.  and  P,  i 
6  %  iBt  Deb.  i 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Southern  El.  Tr,  B.A.,  6  %  Deb, 
Un.  Eleo,  Trams  Monte  video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Ist  Deb. 
Winnipeg  Bleo.  Bly.,  44  %  Dsb. 


1 

Nil 

.J 

1 

6 

1 

6 

6f 

1 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

5 

6 

100 

6 

6 

$1000 

6 

6 

(100 

7 

7t 

6 

B 

100 

« 

fi 

6 

10 

lOt 

6 

6 

» 

100 

6 

6 

I 

5 

64 

100 

5 

6 

6 

« 

6 

100 

44 

44 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

$500 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

5 

B 

6 

7 

fil 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

y-  M 

P"  u 

1-  li 

91  —  96 

101  -103 

87  —  90 

1004—1034 

110  — IIJ  xd 

97-99 

-1 

100* -102* 

-4 

74—    8 

it-    58 

98  -100 

isi,-  m 

105  -108 

Sg-    6J 

97-99 

101  —103 

964-984 

lOSi-lOSi 

83  ^  86 

+1 

99  -101 

4I-    ft 

99  -103 

100  —103 

+  4 

MANUFACTURING  COMPANIES. 


AroD,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Baboook  A  WUoox  . .        . . 

Do.    Pref 

British  Aluminiim],  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debt,  . . 

Do.    Deb.  Btk 

B.I.  A  Helsby  Cablet      .. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do,    Deb 

British  Tbomson-Honston,  Deb, 
British  Westinghoose,  Pref,    . . 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  Llndley,  Ord 

Do.    Pref.  

Brash,  7%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     . . 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb. 
Oallender't  Cable 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Deb 

(Jaitner-KellDer 

Do.    Deb 


1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

100 

100 

6 

6 

100 

100 

8 

100 

100 

1 

1 

9 

100 

100 

100 


4-     I 

'-  3 


j?n  NU 


HI  tt 


t 

u" 

lot 

6 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

1 

ao 

30 

too 

44 

44 

18-  1 

90  —  va 
66-89 

8-84 

64-    6i 

102  —104 

96  —  97 

4-     i 

68-61 
100  —108 
9/-  -8/. 
4/6—6/- 

-"-      * 

73  —  78 

47  —  62 

28  —  82 

11  —  115 

44-    6i 

91  —100 

814-   9H 
106  —109 


+A 
+A 


+  J 


8  0  0 

7  7  8 

4  0  0 

4  0  0 


6  7  6 
6  19  4 
6  17  B 
4  It    1 

4    6    7 
I  4  12    9 
I      Nil 
1  6  11    3 

6  16    6 
'      Mil 
Mil 
I      NU 

6  8  9 
1  8  IS  2 
14    1    4 


6  7 
4  17 
4  10 


Crompton  A  Co 

Do.    Deb 

Dlok,  Kerr 

Do.    Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

BdlsoD  k  Swan,  A,  ti  paid 

Do.    folly  paid  .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Do.    6  %  Second  Deb. 
Bleetrlo  Construotion    .. 

Do.    Pref 

Oreenwood  A  Batley,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

General  Eleotrio,  Pref,  . . 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

India-Rubber,  8,  A  T,    . . 

Do,    Pref 

Telegraph  Construction.. 

Do.    Deb 

WiUans  A  RoblatOD 

Do.    Pref 

Do,    Deb 


100 


100 
6 
6 

100 

100 
3 
9 
10 

100 
10 

100 
6 
6 

100 
10 


100 

1 

6 

100 


Unless  Otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.    TTnteHrndfTldina. 


Banl<  rate  of  Discount  6  pw  •cent.,  October  17th.  1912. 


Vol.72.   No.  1,8;!.,, januahyu,  1913.1      THE    ELECTIUCAJi    REVIEW. 


I'.m 


NEW    TYPE    OF     SINGLE-PHASE 
LOCOMOTIVE. 


The  1,500-11. p.  Minjrlo-phaBO  looomotivu  reoonlly  coiiMtriicttd  for  tho 
Ctiomin  de  Imt  du  Sud  by  the  AteliorH  de  Contitruction  Electric  du 
Kord  ct  do  r I'^Ht,  poMCHPOH  a  number  of  interentin(?  fcatureR,  chief 
amooir  which  are  :  Axle  drive  without  coiiiiectintf  rods  ;  Rimplifird 
_  voltajre  retrulation  ;  improved  commutation:  and  automatic 
current  reifeneration. 

The  locomotive  is  of  the  1-C-l  type,  weijrliinp  HK  tonn  (18  Iodh  on 
each  drivinif  axlo,  and  16  tons  on  each  trailing  axle).  Two 
air-cooled  transformorti,  each  of  760  KW.  capacity,  are  mounttd 
near  the  ends  of  the  locomotive  and  are  connected  in  parallel  to 
the  collector  bov  e  An  induction  rfpfulator  is  mounted  on  the 
upper  yoke  of  onch  transformer,  so  that  the  total  iron  weight, 
loeseB  and  space  occupied  are  hardly  "jreater  than  those  of  a  simple 


SECTION  AT  N.F. 


SECTION  AT  H.E. 


Fig.  1. 

step'transformer  for' the  same  output ;  the  copper  weight  is  18  per 
cent,  greater,  but  chokers  and  other  auxiliaries  are  eliminated.  The 
transformer  secondaries  are  in  series  with  each  other  and  their  in- 
duction regulators,  which  provide  continuous  voltage  regulation 
between  200  and  760  volts. 

►  '  Three  500-h.p.  motors  are  mounted  perpendicularly  over  the 
respective  driving  axles,  to  which  they  are  connected  by  gfar 
wheels,  and  the  elastic  univerpal  coupling  described  below.  The 
motors  are  of  the  compensated  series  type,  connected  in  series  across 
the  transformer  secondaries.  On  starting  they  can  be  connected  as 
repulsion  motors  without  field  weakening.  Speed  control  is  by 
voltage  variation  from  the  induction  regulator,  and  regenerative 
action  on  down  grades  is  obtained  by  separately  exciting  the  main 
motors  from  the  compressor  motors. 

Fig.  1  shows  the  ingenious  coupling  employed  between  the  motor 
and  driving  wheel.  The  motors  are  fixed  to  the  loco,  frame,  and 
their  centre  of  gravity  lies  1"8  m.  above  the  rail  level.  No  con- 
necting rods  or  cranks  are  employed  ;  each  motor  drives  a  hollow 
shaft  through  a  1  :  2'72  gearing.  The  hollow  shaft  is  concentric 
with  the  driving  axle,  and  is  connected  to  it  by  a  flexible  coupling. 

The  circular  coupling  piece  c  is  provided  with  four  extensions,  of 
which  two  ^1,  fi  are  free  to  turn  and  slide  in  the  bronze  shells  ci, 
f]  mounted  in  the  arms  b  of  the  hollow  shaft,  and  two  f.,,  t^  in  the 
shells  fj,  <'.2  held  with  some  play  in  the  track  wheel  flange.  This 
arrangement  permits  a  cer- 
tain  rotation  of  the  hollow 
shaft  round  the  driving 
axle  and  a  certain  inclin- 
ation to  its  axis.  The  shells 
Cj,  C)  can  slide  parallel  to 
the  axle  in  their  bearings 
Ph  J'%,  «>  that  the  coup- 
ling allows  for  side  play. 
Finally,  the  bearings  pi,  ji-^ 
are  held  between  springs  B 
in  the  wheel  flange  :  these 
springs  prevent  shocks  on 
starting  the  locomotive 
and  damp  oscillations  in 
the  driving  torque.  It  is 
found  that  the  lubrication 
of  the  coupling  oflfers  no 

special  difficulties,  and  the  mechanism  operates  satisfactorily  at 
train  speeds  up  to  80  km.  per  hour,  and  under  most  severe  braking 
conditions. 

The  windings  of  the  induction  regulator  and  the  compf  nsatiou 
are  so  arranged  that  leakage  is  practically  confined  to  coil  end,  flot, 
and  zigzag  leakage,  and  is  very  low.  High  power  factor  is  thus 
secured. 

The  motor  output  is  500  HP.  at  450  b.p.m.  under  a  terminal 
voltage  of  230  volts.  The  efficiency,  including  gearing,  is  then 
87  per  cent.,  and  the  p  f.  93  per  cent.  At  400  H.r.  output  per 
motor,  the  efficiency  is  88  per  cent,  and  the  power  factor  95  per 
cent. 

Complete  compensation  and  good  commutation  are  secnred  by 
two  windings,  1,  2  (fig.  2a),  of  different  sections  and  number  of 
turns,  connected  in  parallel  and  lying  in  the  same  slots.  In  this 
winding  there  flows  a  compensating  current,  displaced  90°  from 
the  working  current,  proportional  to  the  latter  and  independent  of 


spctd.  At  confitntit  load  (and  hfmcft  escltmtion).  thu  volUMt* 
between  commutator  barn  induced  by  th*  alttrnntinp  ff^M  In  eriu- 
Ktant  and  rxprcrcnli-d  by  Ihi- line  a  A  (fig.  2/').     Tl.'  lyna- 

nilcnlly  induced  by  tho  cnn>pi'iii-ating  currMit  in  pf  .  the 

(ip<i'd  and  )h  riprcMiitcd  by  o  ii.    Tho  difforonce  U-.l.:  i  o  k 

gives  a  good  commutation  charnotcrititic.  Tho  rtiarai;tori«!.i<;  of  an 
cquiviilont  himplo  rcpulhion  motor  ih  given  by  thodifforonco  between 
A  A  and  the  parabola  ii  c,  and  Im  much  lot-o  HatiHfactory.  On  full 
Htarting  current,  o  A  --=  'A'(t  voltn,  and  it  becomes  7«ro  at  a  train  Npe<9d 
of  about  Mi  km.  per  hour.  At  low  Hpredn,  the  rcpulkion  connection 
yields  Ixjst  (commutation,  Tho  windings  U  (fig.  2ii),  are  now  din- 
connected  from  I  and  placed  in  |iaralloI,  motor  to  motor  ;  thi» 
arrangomont  confctrainH  the  rnotorH  to  run  at  equal  opced,  and  iii  an 
admirable  subhtitute  for  coupling  rods. 

Current  rogonoration  is  rendered  more  ditlicult  by  the  require- 
ment that  it  shall  be  effected  over  a  relatively  wide  cnrront  range. 
The  single-])ha«c  Latour  shunt  motors  driving  the  compreesors  are 
provided  with  auxiliary  stator  windings.  The  main  winding  ia 
supplied  at  a  prfHsure  Ki  (in  phase  with  the  supply  presinire),  from 
transformers.  The  auxiliary  winding,  in  quu^Irature  with  the  main 
winding,  induces  an  alternating  field  in  the  main  motors  and  a  total 
i<:.M.l'.  Ki  almost  in  phase  with  v.\.  By  a  suitable  se^tting  of  the  in- 
duction regulator,  the  total  secondary  voltage  Eg  can  be  ma/le  equal 
to  v,2,  so  that  the  circuit  can  be  closed. 

Directly  it  is  attempted  to  return  current  to  the  network  by 
lowering  Eg,  there  arises  serious  phase  <lisplacement  between  current 
and  pressure  ;  referring  to  fig.  2c,  the  phase  displacement  is  given 
by  :  tan  ifi  =  u  i,/w.  iTo  increase  the  power  factor.  Ej  is  displaced 
with  regard  to  Kg,  as  shown  to  the  right  of  fig  'Jc,  this  being  auto- 
matically effected  by  a  transformer,  the  primary  of  which 
carries  .(  and  the  secondary  of  which  is  connected  to  the 
compressor  motor  terminals.  To  compensate  for  the  phase  dis- 
placement produced  by  the  watt-current  required  to  drive  the 
compressors  and  fans  and  to  cover  losses,  a  compensating  trans- 
former is  provided  and,  finally,  transformers  and  ohmic  resistance 
serve  to  compound  the  compressor  motors  so  that  the  latter  operate 
at  unity  power  factor  at  all  times.  The  connections  of  these  small 
transformers  appear  complicated,  but  their  practical  operation  is 
very  satisfactory.  Regenerative  braking  is  practised  at  speeds 
between  22  and  55  km.  per  hour  ;  it  occurs  quite  automatically 
the  driver  simply  controlling  the  degree  of  braking  by  a  lever 
—KT.X. 


AUSTRALIAN     TRAMWAY     COMPANIES 
AND    THEIR    EMPLOYES.-IX. 


{Continued  from   I'ol.  71,  pai/e  568.) 

The  settlement  of  the  Melbourne  rates,  which  was  given  in  our 
last  article,  seemed  to  pave  the  way  to  further  arrangements,  and 
the  Court  adjourned  in  the  hope  that  other  settlements  by  consent 
would  be  made.  In  several  cases,  however,  agreements  could  not 
be  arrived  at,  and.  on  September  23rd,  the  Court  resumed  its 
sittings,  continuing  them  until  October  15th,  when  a  further 
adjournment  took  place  till  November  26th.  The  case  commenced 
on  March  4th,  and  has  occupied  the  attention  of  the  Court  for 
nearly  'JO  days.  The  Judge  has  now  stated  that  his  decision,  when 
arrived  at,  will  be  retrofpective  as  from  November  1st  last.  When 
the  Court  resumed  on  September  23rd,  it  was  stated  that  complete 
settlements  had  been  come  to  in  the  cases  of  Melbourne  and  Perth. 


Fig.  2A. 


^la.  i<f. 


and  that  agreements  were  practically  complete  with  Ballarat, 
Bendigo,  Hobart,  Fremantle  and  Northcote. 

At  North  Melbourne  there  was  still  trouble,  the  men  not  seeing 
their  way  to  make  the  few  concessions  from  the  Melbourne  terms 
rendered' necessary  by  the  company's  financial  position. 

The  cafe  of  Adelaide  was  then  taken.  The  situation  here  is  some- 
what peculiar  ;  in  ll)U6  the  J^outh  Australian  Government  bought 
up  the  interests  of  the  horse  car  systems  in  Adelaide  for  i:28O.O0O. 
Next  year  a  Trust  was  formed  to  carry  on  the  working  and  to  unify 
and  electrify  the  systems.  The  Trust  has  in  all  incurred  liabilities 
amounting  to  £1,500,000  to  the  Government,  and  is  bound  to  repay 
this  sum  in  30  years.  The  Trust  had  to  pay  all  its  receipts  to  the 
treasurer,  and  after  payment  of  all  expenses  and  the  provision  of  a 
2A  per  cent,  renewal  fund,  the  balance  went  to  the  repayment  of 
the  loan.  If  this  was  not  sufficient,  the  benefitting  localities  had 
to  make  up  the  difference  from  rates.  It  was  shown  that  on  the 
past  year's  working  there  was  a  deficiency  of  *■  15,u00,  due  entirely 


194 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  no.  i.ssrt,  januakt  31, 1913. 


to  sinkinpr  fund  repayments.  The  position  wse  that  the  fares  in 
Adelaide  were  very  hififh,  and  any  addition  to  the  pay-roll  would 
practically  have  to  be  paid  by  the  ratepayers.  The  Trust  had 
already  improved  the  conditions  of  its  workers,  but  to  a  largre 
extent  its  hands  were  tied.  The  Judge  suergested  wages  on  the 
Melbourne  scale,  but  the  Trust  could  not  then  see  its  way  to 
grant  them,  or  the  men  to  accept  them,  as  they  considered  that  a 
motorman's  work  was  more  important  than  a  gripman's.  The 
question  of  the  1  minute  wait  at  terminals  was  discussed,  and  it 
was  stated  that  to  increase  it  to  3  minutes  would  mean  23  addi- 
tional cars  in  service,  and  an  extra  annual  cost  of  .£26,624.  Mr. 
Goodman,  the  manager  of  the  company,  pointed  out  the  difficulty 
of  keeping  working  times  within  8  hours  per  day,  and  stated  that 
he  thought  that  overtime  rates  should  be  reckoned  after  9  hours' 
working. 

Although  the  Trust  could  not  see  its  way  to  definitely  ofifer 
the  Melbourne  rates,  a  ballot  of  the  men  refused  to  accept  them  on 
the  ground  of  the  higher  cost  of  living  at  Adelaide. 

It  was  stated  that  the  estra  cost  to  the  Trust  of  an  agreement  on 
these  terms  would  be  about  £11,000  per  year  which  would  mean 
additional  rates  in  the  various  townships  of  from  2d.  to  4 id.  in  the 
pound.  It  appeared  that  the  sinking  fund  was  about  £41,000  per 
year,  and  that  after  paying  all  expenses  and  a  small  interest  on  the 
capital,  there  was  a  balance  of  £26,000  to  go  towards  the  sinking 
fund,  leaving  a  deficiency  of  £ir>,000,  as  already  stated.  The 
Judge  asked  whether,  under  these  circumstances,  the  Trust  ought 
to  want  to  pay  low  wages  to  its  employes  simply  because  it  was 
under  a  liability  to  pay  ofif  a  sinking  fund.  Had  not  the  worker  a 
prior  claim  on  the  net  profit  of  working  the  system  ?  Some 
interesting  evidence  on  the  cost  of  living  and  house  rents  was  then 
given  by  Mr.  Lightfoot,  an  officer  of  the  Statistical  Department,  on 
the  basis  of  last  year's  costs.  Amongst  other  figures,  he  gave  the 
following  comparison  of  the  relative  cost  of  food,  groceries  and 
four-roomed  houses  in  various  parts  of  the  Commonwealth  :— 
Calling  Melbourne  1,000,  Sydney  would  be  represented  by  1,119, 
Newcastle  913,  Broken  Hill  1,108,  Ballarat  841,  Bendigo  833, 
Geelong  913,  Brisbane  910.  Rockhampton  930.  Adelaide  1,117,  Perth 
1,177,  Kalgoorlie  1,447,  Hobart  1001,  and  Launceston  951.  Rents 
would  compare  as  follows: — Melbourne  1,000.  Sydney  1.236, 
Geelong  863,  Brisbane  802,  and  Hobart  818. 

Thisconcluded  the  evidence  on  behalf  of  the  Adelaide  Trust,  and  the 
case  of  Brisbane  was  next  gone  into.  Mr.  Frew,  on  behalf  of  the  Bris- 
bane Tramway  Co.,  contended  that  there  was  no  industrial  dispute. 
The  men's  Union  had  lodged  claims,  but  that  did  not  constitute  a  dis- 
pute. The  company  thought  that  the  troubles  they  had  had  with  their 
workpeople  had  been  due  to  the  interested  efforts  of  Mr.  Prender- 
gast  and  other  officials  of  the  Union,  who  had  done  their  best  to 
sow  discontent  against  employers.  The  Judge  pointed  out  the  lack 
of  any  sympathetic  tone  in  these  remarks,  and  showed  how,  in  his 
opinion,  the  company  had  taken  up  a  too  autocratic  attitude,  which 
had  been  the  real  cause  of  the  trouble  with  the  men. 

The  Judge  then  asked  whether  the  company  would  undertake 
that  in  future  there  would  be  no  preference  shown  to  non-unionists 
over  unionists.  This  was  referred  to  the  company  at  Brisbane,  who 
replied  by  a  counter  inquiry  as  to  whether  an  answer  from  them 
would  mean  that  they  accepted  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Court.  As 
the  judge  would  not  accept  this  as  an  answer,  a  further  request  for 
a  direct  reply  was  forwarded  to  the  company  at  Brisbane. 

A  number  of  complaints  were  then  made  by  Mr.  Frew  as  to  the 
manner  in  which  the  men's  T'nion  conducted  their  business,  and  the 
way  in  which  they  secured  adhesions  to  their  policy,  but  the  judge 
remarked  that  this  argument  cut  both  ways,  in  view  of  the  manner 
in  which  the  company  asked  their  emplojes  to  go  to  their  solicitor's 
oflBce  to  sign  their  own  petitions.  Mr.  Frew  then  argued  that  the 
lower  costs  of  living  in  Brisbane  justified  lower  wages  than  in 
Melbourne,  and  took  up  the  position  that  a  motorman's  duties  were 
less  arduous  than  a  gripman's.  The  judge  pointed  out  this  was 
exactly  opposite  to  the  opinion  held  in  Adelaide. 

Before  the  conclusion  of  Mr.  Frew's  address,  the  Court  adjourned. 
It  was  intimated  that  several  of  the  other  tramway  authorities 
were  ready  with  their  employes  to  ask  the  judge  to  meet  them  and 
arrange  a  settlement.  Mr.  Justice  Higgins  intimated  that  he  would 
appoint  a  time  at  the  next  sitting  of  the  Court. 


HONG    KONG    UNIVERSITY. 


Prof.  C.  A.  M.  Smitu  has  sent  as  a  list  of  apparatus 
offered — the  replies  sent  within  a  fortnight  of  his  appeal  to 
our  readers.  This  we  give  below.  He  says  that  he  is 
certain  that  this  is  merely  a  preliminary  list,  and  he  wants 
British  manufacturers  to  support  him  thoroughly.  He  is 
almost  patlietic  ('oncerning  the  recent  telephone  contract 
for  the  city  of  Canton  (over  £100,000).  Canton  is 
within  80  miles  of  Hong  Kong, — yet  a  Continental  firm 
got  the  order  for  the  telephones.  He  begs  Britishers 
not  to  let  the  Canton  electric  tramway  scheme  be  captured 
by  their  trade  rivals. 

As  for  the  University — there  are  visitors  every  day. 
There  are  37  engineering  students  this  year,  and  already 
there  are  indications  of  a  further  increase  in  numbers  next 
ear.     We  are  glad  to  learn  that  the  Councils  of  the  British 


Engineers'  Association,  and  the  Institutions  of    Electric 
and  Mechanical   Engfneers   have    been  asked  to  nomina 
members  for  the  London  Committee  of  the  University 
Hong  Kong. 

AVe  understand  that  oil  and  gas  engines  up  to  20  B.H.i 
driving  110- volt  D.c.  dynamos,  are  wanted,  and  also  electi 
motors  and  switchgear  for  use  with  machine  tools.  Lat 
on  we  hope  to  publish  a  more  complete  list  of  apparatus  pi 
sented.  Meantime,  Prof.  Smith  wishes  to  sincerely  thai 
ourselves  and  another  journal,  also  the  British  Enginee 
Association,  which,  he  says,  has  more  than  justified  its  exii 
ence  by  its  splendid  co-operation  with  him. 

Pkelimikaky  List  of  Apparatus  Presented  by  British 
exgtxeers. 

1.  Storage  battery,  60  cells,  480  ampere-hours.  (The  Chlor; 
Electrical  Storage  Co.,  Ltd.,  Manchester.; 

2.  Experimental  steam  engine,  complete,  with  condensing  pla 
(Messrs.  Marshalls,  Ltd.,  Gainsborough.) 

3.  Ten  b.h.p.  vertical  oil  engine,  coupled  direct  to  DC.  110-vi 
dynamo,  mounted  on  base  complete.  (Messrs.  L.  Gardner  A:  So 
Ltd.,  Patricroft,  Manchester.) 

4.  Semi-Diesel  oil  engine.    (Mr.  Locke.) 

r>.  Water-tube  boiler,  oil-fired  heater,  filters,  burners,  ic,  co 
plete.     (Messrs.  J.  Samuel  White  i:  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cowes,  I.  of  W.) 

6.  Water-tube  boiler  complete.     (Messrs.  Babcock  k  WilcoxJ 

7.  Hot  air  engine,  with  pump  attached,  water  meters,  , 
(Messrs.  Hayward,  Tyler  &  Co.,  Ltd.) 

8.  Marine  motor  engine.  (Messrs.  John  I.  Thomycroft  &  C 
Ltd.,  Chiswick.) 

9.  Wood-working  lathe  and  circular  saw.  (Messrs.  A.  Banso 
and  Co.,  Ltd.) 

10.  Motor  starters,  circuit  breakers,  &o.  (Messrs.  Ferranti,  L( 
Hollinwood.) 

11.  Various  meters,  electrical  instraments,  kc.  (The  Wale 
Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.) 

12.  Assortment  of  electrical  switches  end  gear.  (The  Venj 
Switch  Co.,  Ltd.) 

13.  High-speed  twist  drills,  turning  and  planing  tools.  (Mesi 
Turton  Bros.  &  Matthews,  Ltd.) 

14.  Water  meters  and  fittings.  (Messrs.  Glen  field  &  Kenne 
Ltd.) 

15.  One  H-in.  reversible  level.    (Messrs.  T.  Cooke  &  Sons,  Ltd.' 

16.  Various  tools  as  desired.     (The  Hardy  Patent  Pick  Co.,  Ltd 

17.  Electrical  machinery,  telephone  gear,  kc.  (The  Gene 
Electric  Co.  of  China,  Ltd.) 

18.  Fery  spiral  radiation  pyrometer.  (The  Cambridge  Sclent 
Instrument  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cambridge.) 

19.  Photo  arc  lamp.  (The  Westminster  Engineering  Co.,  LI 
London.) 

20.  Case  of  steel  fractures.  (The  Eagle  A:  Globe  Steel  Co.,  L 
Shanghai.) 


TRAMCAR    GEARS. 


We  understand  that  the  Birmingham  tramways  are  to  i 
the  system  of  driving  from  both  ends  of  the  motor  spindl 
employing  two  sets  of  wheel  and  pinion  gear,  and  tl 
equalising  the  distance  between  the  road  wheel  and  the  gi 
wheel  on  the  two  sides  of  the  motor.  Incidentally,  and  t 
is  perhaps  not  the  least  important  benefit  which  will  acci 
from  the  change,  the  wear  on  the  motor  bearings  will 
equalised  between  the  two  ends,  and  there  will  be  no  furtl 
need  for  two  patterns  of  white  metal  or  the  casings  there 
The  parallelism  of  the  motor  spindle  and  the  driven  a: 
should  no  longer  be  a  matter  of  few  seconds'  duration,  \ 
should  be  permanent,  and  the  bearing  pressure  betwe 
the  gear  teeth  should  be  distributed  and  should  remi 
distributed  across  the  faces  of  the  wheels,  so  that  the  weari 
of  the  teeth  to  a  sharp  edge  at  one  end,  while  the  other  e 
remains  nearly  of  its  full  section,  will  be  avoided.  As 
is  obvious  that  two  wheels  of  half  breadth  will  be  strong 
than  the  present  double-breadth  single  wheel,  it  will  be  se 
that  this  is  a  move  that  ought  to  have  been  made  years  af 
for  the  faults  of  the  existing  system  are  all  too  visible,  ai 
they  have  often  been  pointed  out. 

The  use  of  the  parallel  axle  should  also  receive  considci 
tion.  In  railway  work  the  parallel  axle  condemned  ita 
years  ago  by  its  frequent  breakages,  and  amendment  ti 
only  secured  when  the  axles  were  forged  or  rolled  doT 
thinner  in  the  middle,  in  order  to  give  them  elasticit 
This  was  done  in  the  days  of  wrought-iron  axles,  and  wrongli 
iron  was  much  less  liable  to  fail  than  is  steel, 


Vol.72.    No.  I.83G,  January  :u,  lom.i     THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


196 


TliiH  liiil)ility  Lo  failure  of  Htei'l  is  Hlill  more  iimiked 
here  wluicls  with  sliarp-ed^fcd  hoied  centres  arc  (ittcd 
ghlly  on  u  plain  straif^lit  axle.  .Mter  kucIi  axles  have  run 
)!•  a  time,  they  break  olT  at  the  edfje  of  the  wlieel  bore, 
'he  best  way  to  overcome  the  trouble  is  to  turn  the  wheel 
•at  sli<,'htly  lar^-erin  diameter  than  the  rest  of  the  axle,  and 
1  make  this  swelled  jwi'tion  shoi  ter  than  the  length  tlirough 
le  boss.  Thus  tlie  boss  overhanj^s  the  swell,  as  in  lij,'.  I, 
nd  failure  is  not  caused,  lor  there  is  no  keen  jiressure  on 
lie  axle  by  the  sharp  edge  of  the  wheel  bore  at  n.  If  the 
ivell  is  not  made  upon  th(;  axle,  then  the  boss  of  the  wheel 
liould  not  be  bored  of  equal  size  right  tlirough.  Half  an 
ich  from  each  end  the  bore   should  begin  very  gently  to 


D 


w 


Fic;.  1. 


Fio.  2. 


jcrease  in  diameter,  as  shown  much  exaggerated  in  fig.  2. 
'he  diameter  between  d  and  c  is  to  be  increased,  so  that 
1 1  a  fairly  stout  "  feeler  "  can  be  entered,  and  then  beyond 
the  corner  may  be  rounded  to  ji  radius. 

There  must  not  be  an  angular  change  at  d,  but  the  curve 
d  should  be  hyperbolic,  so  that  where  it  departs  from  d  the 
hange  of  diameter  shall  be  insensible.  By  this  means 
ny  sudden  nip  in  the  metal  of  the  axle  is  avoided.  Even  in 
g,  1  the  same  bell-out  of  the  bore  may  be  carried  out  with 
dvantage. 

Where  keyways  are  sunk  in  a  shaft  or  axle  the  end  should 
lot  be  sudden,  but  the  bottom  of  the  keyway  should  curve 
^-adually  up  to  the  surface,  so  as  to  avoid  the  risk  of  that 
udden  change  of  section,  so  fatal  to  steel. 

Experience  may  show  that  the  system  of  equalised  double 
Iriving  wOl  not  only  diminish  the  breakages  of  axles,  but 
aay  do  something  towards  diminishing  the  evil  of  rail  cor- 
ugation  as  well,  which  some  engineers  believe  to  be  caused 
T  intensified  by  the  greater  length  of  axle  exposed  to  torsion 
m  one  side  than  on  the  other  side  of  a  car.  If  the  two 
fheels  differ  in  circumference,  the  long  end  of  the  axle  is 
round  up  by  torsion  like  a  spring.  When  the  torsion  stress 
xceeds  the  frictional  grip  on  the  rail,  one  wheel  releases 
ts  hold  on  the  rail,  and  produces  an  abrasion.  Such 
elease  will  be  determined  for  a  given  wheel  by  a  variety 
if  circumstances  such  as  the  relative  quality  of  the  two  tires 
loncerned,  and  the  class  or  quality  of  the  rails  on  which  the 
f heels  happen  to  be  running  at  the  time. 

Axle  torsion  can,  of  course,  occur  in  any  case  of  unequal 
rheels,  but  in  the  case  of  driven  wheels  there  is  the  addi- 
ional  fixed  point  of  the  gear  wheel.  With  two  points  of 
fearing  the  torsion  angle  will  be  small,  for  there  will  be  so 
hort  a  length  of  axle  to  twist,  and  the  intermittent  slip 
vhich  causes  corrugation  will  be  so  frequent  as  to  become 
;quivalent  to  a  steady  grinding.  In  aid  of  the  solution  of 
«rrugation  some  assistance  might,  perhaps,  be  obtained  from 
«sts  on  the  angular  torsion  of  axles  under  stress,  with  a 
aew  to  finding  how  far  two  wheels  can  be  put  out  of  phase 
ivith  each  other  before  they  slip  on  a  restraining  braking 
lurface. 


ELECTRICAL    DANGERS. 


By  S.  lees. 


rHE  intelligent  observant  mind  cannot  fail  to  have  noted 
frith  something  akin  to  alarm  the  rather  disturbing 
Frequency  of  fatal  electrical  accidents,  particularly  amongst 
jkilled  workeis,  during  the  past  12  months  or  so.  At  the 
subsequent  inquiries  into  several  cases  of  fairly  recent  date,  it 
-ranspired  that  the  victim  had  either  omitted  precautions 
dtogether,  or  taken  quite  inadequate  ones  against  risk  of 
shock  whilst  working  in  a  dangerous  situation.  In  some 
ither  cases,  although  the  medical  testimony  was  clear 
enough  regarding  the  cause,  no  evidence  was  forthcoming  as 
o  how  the  deceased  had  received  the  shock. 


It  would  seem,  at  Unit  thought,  incxplicuble  that  skd led 
workers,  extraordinarily  coimeiouH  of  the  grave  [X)H(!ibilitie« 
attendant  on  such  lupses  from  what  really  is,  or,  at  any  rate, 
ought  to  be,  part  of  their  routine,  should  ever,  even  for  a 
moment,  allow  vigilance  to  relax,  or  permit  their  mind 
to  wander  from  the  thought  of  the  dreaded  danger,  as  m 
often  ha[)iK!ns,  within  easy  reach  of  it.  One  reads  Uxj 
often  of  the  sad  results  following  neglect  to  use  the 
much-maligned  rubljer  gloves.  Hut  those  having  actual 
experience  of  the  average  examjile  of  rubber  glove, 
especially  in  (»nfincd  places— and  it  is  under  such  con- 
ditions that  the  employment  of  these  acoesw)rir.-8  mainly 
applies — will  readily  con(;ede  that  some  extenuation  may 
not  unreasonably  be  allowed  where  a  skilled  worker 
disdains  to  wear  the  protective  rubber  sheath.  Armed  with 
the  average  glove,  the  manipulation  of  anything  smaller 
than,  say,  a  J, -in.  size  spanner,  will  almost  invariably  require 
the  dexterity'of  a  Maskelyne.  The  operator  knows  full  well 
that  he  needs  must  keep  a  watchful  eye  on  small  details, 
such  as  nuts,  screws,  and  what  not,  these  often  of  Lilliputian 
proportions,  as  the  inadvertent  loss  of  one  or  other  amongst 
a  mass  of  closely  adjacent  "  live  "  metal  may  easily  compli- 
cate matters  regarding  not  only  the  quality  of  his  work,  but 
what  is  most  important  of  all,  his  personal  safety,  by 
introducing  an  element  of  added  danger  in  the  process  of 
recovery  thereof. 

With  men  accustomed  to  handling  "  live  "  work,  involnn- 
tary  twitching  of  the  nerves  is  a  fairly  common  complaint, 
and  often  an  attack  which  may  be  only  of  momentary 
duration  is  mistaken  for  the  sensation  of  electric  shock. 
The  effect  is  certainly  very  similar.  The  sensation  conse- 
(luent  on  a  blow  struck  on  the  ulnar  nerve,  or,  as  it  is  more 
popularly  known,  the  "funny  bone,"  is  remarkably  like  the 
sensation  of  electric  shock,  and,  curiously,  this  part  of  the 
human  anatomy  seems  peculiarly  liable  to  injury.  Now, 
such  a  circumstance  occurring  under  the  usual  conditions 
surrounding  live  working  is  easily  conceivable,  and  it  will 
be  obvious  that  the  almost  inevitable,  although,  maybe,  only 
very  temporary  confusion  following,  may  be  easily  attended 
with  serious  results  to  the  unfortHnate  worker.  Again,  a 
simple  fit  of  sneezing,  which  under  more  congenial  surround- 
ings might  prove  beneficial,  would,  perhaps,  possess  grave 
potentialities  of  harm  to  the  one  so  affected.  The  writer 
has  often  watched  men  working  in  risky  places  and  become 
interested  as  to  the  cause  of  the  profuse  perspiration  which 
attacks  them,  even  during  the  coldest  weather.  An  explana- 
tion would  seem  to  point  to  some  form  or  other  of  slight 
paralysis,  or  intense  numbness,  which  temporarily  affects  the 
respiratory  organs.  Cramp  of  the  fingers  is  common  to  men 
who  are  used  to  working  on  live  metal  in  confined  places, 
and  it  is  quite  the  usual  course  for  such  workers  to  take 
a  temporary  rest  to  enable  them  to  massage  their  hands. 

Following  the  adoption  of  the  Home  Office  new  rules  and 
regulations,  manufacturers  and  others  closely  interested  have 
hastened  to  remedy  or  otherwise  bring  into  conformity  with 
the  changed  order  of  things,  apparatus,  notably  switch- 
gear,  of  ante  1910  design.  While  undoubtedly  some  con- 
siderable measure  of  success  has  attended  these  laudable 
efforts,  there  still  exist  on  the  market  numerous  examples  of 
switchgear  of  various  types,  which,  owing  principally  to  price 
considerations,  find  a  ready  sale,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
under  the  new  regulations  the  employment  thereof  is  pro- 
hibited. One  well  remembers  the  almost  feverish  cry  so 
familiar  some  two  years  ago  for  all-metal  enclosed  switch- 
gear.  The  result  was  the  production  on  an  unparalleled 
scale  of  a  type  of  the  now  common  ironclad  gear,  which  was 
to  prove  the  panacea  for  all  the  troubles  hitherto  experienced, 
which  switchgear  was  often  supposed  to  be  heir  to.  But  too 
often  one  is  forced  regretfully  to  admit  that  the  substantial- 
looking  mechanical  iron  case  covers  up  a  multitude  of  elec- 
trical sins  inside. 

The  des-gn  of  switch-handling  media,  too,  stul  seems  to 
receive  but  scant  consideration  from  manufacturers  generally, 
notwithstanding  that  in  the  new  Regulations  it  is  provided 
that— (Clause  3)  Everv  switch,  switch  fuse,  circuit- 
breaker  and  isolating  link  shall  be  («)  so  constructed,  placed, 
or  protected  as  to  prevent  danger  ;  {h)  so  constructed  and 
adjusted  as  accurately  to  make  and  maintain  gcod  contact  ^ 
(<■)  provided  with  an  efficient  handle  or  other  means  of 
working  insulated  from  the  system,  and  so  arranged  that 


196 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi.71.  No.  i,836,  jANUA^Tai,  1913 


the  hand  cannot  inadvertently  touch  live  metal  ;  so  con- 
stracted  or  arranged  that  it  cannot  accidentally  fall  or  move 
into  contact  when  left  out  of  contact. 

Speaking  from  extensive  actual  experience  under  every- 
day working  conditions,  the  writer  is  reluctantly  forced  to 
the  conclusion  that  even  in  these  enlightened  days,  sub- 
Clause  ((•)  in  the  extract  quoted  above  is  more  often 
honoured  in  the  breach  than  in  the  observance  thereof.  These 
details  were  better  understood  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago. 
The  writer  remembers  some  examples  of  low-pressure  switch- 
gear  by  Siemens  during  the  early  nineties,  which  afford  an 
interesting  comparison  at  the  present  time.  The  gear 
referred  to  formed  part  of  a  large  three-wire  central  supply 
station  switchboard.  All  the  generator  switches  thereon 
were  fitted  with  interlocking  devices  to  prevent  mishap  due 
to  inadvertent  operating,  and,  in  addition,  hand-insulating 
shields  of  circular  form  over  tl  in.  in  diameter  were  provided 
for  the  safety  of  the  operator. 

It  has  now  become  the  common  practice  to  provide  the 
popular  knife  switch,  or  its  many  modifications,  with 
some  form  or  other  of  sparking  device  to  prevent  injury 
caused  to  the  main  conUict  memljer  by  arc  burning.  The 
form  usually  adopted  is  a  light  construction  of  one  or  more 
auxiliary  contact  pieces  hinged  to  the  main  member.  It  is 
no  exaggeration  to  state  that  with  the  majority  of  such 
switches  the  disposition  of  the  handle  or  grip  is  such  that 
the  operator  runs  not  a  little  risk  of  injuring  his  hand 
owing  to  the  too  close  proximity  of  the  surrounding  metal, 
which  often  presents  sharp  projections.  One  well-known 
make  of  switch  of  the  type  referred  to  has  several  wicked- 
looking  spear-like  mountings  placed  so  close  to  the  handle  that 
it  is  physically  impossible  to  close  the  blade  without  lacerating 
some  part  or  other  of  the  operator's  hand.  The  modus 
operandi  usually  observed  in  working  such  switches  is  first  to 
half-close  by  hand,  and  then  to  drive  home  by  means  of  a  stout 
piece  of  wood.  To  open  under  load  the  only  way  consistent 
with  a  reasonable  margin  of  safety  is  to  use  the  aforesaid 
stick  with  the  addition  of  a  hook-like  projection.  Further, 
the  practice  of  mounting  handles  and  grips  directly  on  top 
of  vertically-disposed  switches,  especially  of  the  conventional 
knife  type,  is  distinctly  bad,  and  should  be  rigorously  con- 
demned. When  coupled  together  such  handles  are  almost 
invariably  secured  to  an  indifferently  designed  insulating 
cross-bar,  which  usually,  owing  to  manufacturing  considera- 
tions, literally  bristles  with  "Uve  "  metal,  and  against  which 
no  protection,  or  worse  than  no  protection — an  apology  in  the 
filiape  of  a  ridiculous  flange  turned  on  the  handle  itself,  which 
gives  the  operator  a  false  sense  of  security — is  provided  for 
the  hand. 

Metal-clad  switchgear,  especially  for  situations  where  it 
is  liable  to  be  subjected  to  careless  handling  by  the  non- 
technical worker,  whilst  being  a  step  in  the  right  direction, 
is  rather  apt  to  be  over-estimated  in  order  of  importance.  It 
is  obvious  that  switchgear  of  robust  mechanical  design  is 
worthless  unless  embodying  equally  sound  electrical  con- 
struction. It  is  of  no  use  to  employ  massive  metal  moving 
parts,  including  handles  or  grips,  with  contingent  heavy  cast- 
iron  covers,  water-tight,  dust-excluding,  fool-pioof,  and 
what  not.  whilst  the  safe  working  of  such  devices 
depends  wholly  upon  the  integrity  of  a  diminutive  vulcanite 
or  fibre  washer,  or  ferrule.  Yet  it  is  a  matter  of  common 
knowledge  that  numerous  examples  of  such  gear  are 
made  and  marketed  and  assured  of  ready  sale  at  this 
day. 

We  know  the  laboratory  teaches  us  that  substances  such 
as  vulcanite,  mica,  Ac,  all  possess  really  wonderful  insulating 
properties,  even  when  only  of  microscopic  thickness,  but 
experience  should  surely  have  taught  us  also  by  this  time  the 
^tsurd  fallacy  of  carrying  laboratory  conditions  into  switch- 
gear  practice,  particularly  for  work  on  heavy  power  service. 
Further,  one  might,  not  unreasonably  either,  go  a  step 
further  and  include  some  of  the  smaller  types  of  illumination 
switch  apparatus.  Many  examples  of  small-cunent  hand 
switches  are  veritable  sinners  in  this  respect,  the  insulation 
(gave  the  mark)  usually  being  of  ridiculous  proportions, 
and  not  a  few  accndents  to  operators  have  been  traced  to 
failure  of  the  insulation  in  ordinary  tumbler  switches,  key- 
lampholders,  adapter  devices,  &c.  The  last-mentioned  are 
used  largely  on  inductive  circuits  with  fan-motors,  vacuum 
cleaners,  «S:c.  ;  the  inadvertent  opening  of  such  a  circuit  at 


the  adapter  connection  would,  in  all  probability,  be  attended 
by  serious  injury  to  the  operator's  hand. 

Most,  if  not  all,  makers  now  provide  some  arrangement  or 
other,  usually  a  bonding  screw,  for  earthing  purposes,  in  com- 
pliance with  the  revised  Regulations.  Given  good  earth, 
and  good  earth  is  not  by  any  means  a  definitely  certain 
quantity,  it  might  not  unreasonably  l)c  urged  that  ni) 
untoward  consequences  need  be  apprehended  in  the  event 
of  a  defect  developing  on  the  circuit  apparatus  or  gear.  But 
a  condition  is  easily  conceivable  where,  say,  a  metal  switch- 
handle  may  be  very  much  "  alive,"  whilst  the  metal  pro- 
tecting cover  of  the  switch  proper  remains  insulated 
therefrom,  and  at  earth  potential. 

The  continuity  (juestion  is  still  awaiting  satisfactory 
solution,  and  regardmg  this  subject  it  appears  to  the  writer 
at  least  that  the  efforts  of  some  would-be  solvers,  although 
otherwise  laudable  enough,  seem  at  times  rather  incon- 
sistent. On  the  one  hand  we  have  manufacturers  who  pride 
themselves,  naturally  enough,  on  the  excellence  of  the  enamel 
protection  used  on  their  products,  especially  conduit  tubing. 
On  the  other  hand,  we  find  the  same  maker,  or,  it  may  be, 
some  trade  rival,  evolving  some  contraption  or  other  which 
only  requires  springing  or  clipping  on  such  tubing  to  ensure 
perfect  metallic  continuity,  or  for  earthing.  The  excellent 
quality  of  the  aforesaid  enamel,  which  is  declared  to  be 
absolutely  impervious  to  all  sorts  of  severe  tests,  is,  as  it 
were,  rendered  instantly  impotent  by  the  adoption  of 
So  mid  So's  patent  continuity  device. 

Quite  recently  the  writer  in  the  course  of  his  vocation  had 
to  do  with  a  number  of  d.c.  motors  of  a  certain  well-known 
make  and  of  up-to-date  design.  Excellent  machines  otherwise, 
they  had  one  potentially  weak  point.  The  brush  gear 
was  fitted  with  a  tension  device,  adjustment  of  which  was 
provided  for  by  means  of  a  small  insulating  knob,  about 
\  in.  in  diameter,  and  flush  with  the  metal  spindle  to  which 
it  was  attached.  It  was  practically  impossible  to  grip  the 
said  knob  without  some  part  or  other  of  the  hand  coming 
into  contact  with  "  live  "  metal.  Another  case  of,  one  might 
well  say,  unpardonable  inconsistency,  was  a  batch  of  auto- 
matic circuit-breakers,  splendid  switches  as  regards  duty,  by 
the  way.  The  trip  coils  had  been  most  carefully  insulated 
on  the  exterior  with  sheet  fibre,  the  whole  finally  being 
securely  bound  together  with  several  turns  of  No.  16  hare 
copper  wire,  the  ends  of  which  were  firmly  anchored  to  one 
of  the  breaker's  live  terminal  binding  posts. 


EFFICIENCY    IN    THE    ESTIMATING 
DEPARTMENT. 


t 


[COMMUNICATKD.] 


Ix  the  hurry  and  rush  of  modern  business,  and  particularly 
during  "  boom "  periods,  such  as  that  which  we  are  at 
present  experiencing,  it  is  impossible  to  give  tco  much 
attention  to  those  internal  methods,  which,  when  carefuUj 
arranged,  make  for  smooth  working.  The  writer  hopes, 
therefore,  without  giving  an  exhaustive  description  of 
estimating  department  practice,  the  following  remarks  may 
prove  of  interest  and  value  : — 

Considering,  in  the  first  place,  the  personnel  of  the 
department,  there  can  be  little  doubt  that,  in  most  cases, 
the  average  engineer,  by  his  very  training,  becomes  unfitted 
to  take  control  of  office  routine  work,  but,  perhaps,  in  the 
future,  the  further  development  of  the  so-called  "com- 
mercial "  engineer  will  tend  to  improve  matters  in  this  respect-. 
However,  when  the  most  desirable  state  of  affairs  is  not 
possible,  it  should  not  be  detrimental  to  the  work  of  the 
department  if  the  head  be  a  non-technical  man,  provided  he 
has  that  keen  commercial  spirit,  tact,  and  general 
capability  which  are  essential,  and  can  be  assured  of  an 
adequate  staff  of  assistants.  These  assistants  may  be  partly 
recruited  from  pupils  who  have  finished  their  shop  experi- 
ence, and  have  also  been  through  the  drawing  and  design 
offices,  &c.,  but  a  proportion  of  them  should  be  on  the 
permanent  .staff,  so  far  as  is  possible. 


yoi.78.   No.  i,8sn,  januaht  sM9i«.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


197 


Tnkin{!^herc-HRnn  example  one  of  Uui  "  iini  vernal  pnividcr" 
clasa  of  iiiHiiiifncturcrH,  the  scctioniil  work  Kliotild  be  (tub- 
divided  witliiu  reiis()iinl)le  liiiiitH,  mid  with  careful  con- 
sideration of  its  nature.  To  ipiote  an  instance,  the 
niacliino  section  should  obviously  d(al  with  all  the  concomi- 
tant n|)paratus,  such  as  starting,  regulntinp  and  fiwitchfjear, 
\r.  This  sub-division,  however,  must  not  l)e  carried  to 
extreme,  and  it  is  a  mistake  to  go  Ho  far  as  to  create  several 
estimatiuf^  departmcTits  where  ono  should  suflice,  tliercby 
involvinfi  a  certain  amount  of  overlapping,  duplication  of 
work,  and  lack  of  cohesion,  besides  increasin<,'  the  establish- 
ment charj^es,  which  disadvantages  greatly  outweigh  tlie 
few  minor  adxantages  obtained  with  the  sej)arate  depart- 
mental system. 

With  regard  to  clerical  routine,  the  following  procedure  is 
one  which  tlie  writer  has  found  by  experience  to  be  most 
advantageous. 

Enter  every  inquiry  immediately  on  receipt  under  the 
following  headings  : — Date  received  ;  reference  number  of 
inquiry  ;  name  ;  description  (clafs  of  apparatus  stated 
briefiy)  :  date  quotation  due  out. 

These  headings  could,  of  course,  be  extended  to  suit 
various  requirements.  It  may,  for  instance,  be  useful  to  add 
a  column  for  the  name  or  initials  of  the  estimating  man  who 
will  prepare  the  tender,  or  for  that  of  the  salesman  who  will 
follow  it  up.  The  reference  number  should  be  quoted  in 
all  correspondence,  and  when,  as  is  often  the  case,  a  later 
revised  inquiry  is  received,  it  is  not  advisable  to  assign  a 
new  reference  number,  but  the  original  number  should  be 
retained,  with  the  suffix  "  a,"  &c.  If  this  method  is  not 
observed,  considerable  difficulty  in  keeping  the  corres- 
pondence files  straight  may  be  experienced. 

Such  an  elementary  matter  as  indexing  need  not  be 
here  mentioned  in  detail,  but  although  it  forms  part  of  the 
deadly  dull  routine  work  usually  relegated  to  the  office  boy, 
its  prompt  and  accurate  execution  is  essential  to  the  well- 
being  of  the  department. 

There  is  one  point  of  great  importance  (though  neverthe- 
less often  neglected),  viz.,  that  all  inquiries  should  be 
immediately  acknowledged  where  it  is  not  possible  to  quote 
by  return  post.  Frequent  negligence  in  this  matter  is  dis- 
courteous and  inexcusable,  and,  being  so,  naturally  causes 
offence,  and  in  these  days  of  keen  competition  no  one  can 
afford  to  offend  a  possible  customer.  This  leads  up  to  an 
equally  important  requirement,  namely,  the  necessity  of 
preparing  and  dispatching  quotations  and  tenders  with  the 
utmost  expedition.  It  is,  unfortunately,  too  often  the  case 
that  there  is  a  prolonged  delay  in  sending  out  estimates, 
with  exasperating  results  all  round.  Imagine  the  consterna- 
tion and  distress  of  mind  of  an  unfortunate  salesman, 
following  up  a  tender,  after  perhaps  several  hours'  travelling 
under  the  worst  conditions,  upon  being  told  on  arrival  that 
the  order  was  placed  some  days  "  before  your  people  quoted, 
as  I  thought  they  were  too  busy  I  " 

When  it  is  necessary  to  refer  to  one  or  more  of  the  design 
departments,  to  the  drawing  office,  or  any  other  part  of  the 
organisation,  or  to  outside  manufacturers,  steps  should  be 
taken  to  ensure  that  each  portion  of  the  specification  is  put 
in  hand  concurrently,  and  not  consecutively.  This  may  be 
done  by  copying  out  essential  extracts,  but  such  typing 
should  be  carried  out  judiciously,  for  to  retype  the  whole  of 
a  long  specification  is,  in  most  instances,  sheer  waste  of  time. 
(In  the  case  of  publicly  advertised  contracts,  most  municipal 
bodies  will  willingly  furnish  a  duplicate  copy  of  the  specifica- 
tion.) It  is  impossible  to  emphasise  this  question  of  prompti- 
tude too  much,  as  it  constitutes  one  of  the  principal  factors 
tending  towards  good  business  relationships  between  the 
manufacturer  and  his  customer. 

In  the  case  of  an  important  inquiry,  where  ample  time  is 
allowed  for  preparation  of  the  tender  (and  o  j'rojws,  some 
kind  friends  err  very  much  the  other  way  :  may  they  read 
these  notes  I)  it  will  be  found  very  advantageous  to  go 
through  the  specification  immediately  on  receipt  and  to  make 
memoranda  of  the  more  important  features  before  referring 
it  to  the  designing  engineers.  Later,  when  finally  making 
up  the  tender,  reference  to  these  notes  is  an  extremely  useful 
check.  Such  memoranda  should  preferably  be  made  by  the 
head  of  the  department,  before  turning  the  inquiry  over  to 
the  assistant. 

Prices  should  always  be  "  made  up  "  on  an  estimate  sheet, 


this  lieing  ho  arranged  us  U)  net  forth  clearly  the  c««t  of 
eacli  item,  freight  un<l  jMicking,  M]«ciul  development  chargei 
wliich  may  be  incurrcfj,  \xr  cent.  pri»lit,  toial  coHt,  total 
HcIlinkT  jiriee,  <tc.  ;  this  Hheet  dhonlrl  Jx»  checked  by  another 
member  of  tiie  Htaff. 

All  esiimating  men  Hhoiild  cultivate  th«;  art  of  quick  and 
acf:urHtx;  dictutioti  and  (■om[X)8ition,  obhtrving  the  nectftsity 
of  stating  with  brevit.y  and  lucidity  the  vital  pf)int«  of  the 
tender  and  the  more  imiKjrtant  features  of  the  apparatim  ; 
particular  emphasis  slioidd  be  laid  upon  any  advantagen  over 
competitors'  ajiparatus,  which  can  be  demonstrated,  and 
mention  made  of  any  installations  which  may  have  been 
carried  out.  Do  not  hesitate  to  submit  an  alternative  pro- 
position, if  the  circumstances  warrant  it.  Tact  in  plenty  i8 
a  very  necessary  (|nalification,  and  is  never  more  required 
than  when  corresponding  with  clients  having  idioHyncrBsics 
(they  do  exist!).  Avoid  ambiguity  of  expression,  repetitions, 
and  side  issues.  P^ven  if  not  asked  for,  it  is  advisable  to 
state  a  time  for  delivery,  and  to  forward  descripti\e  literature, 
illustrations,  and  dimensioned  prints,  as  attentions  of  this 
nature  at  the  outset  are  not  only  appreciated  by  the  prospec- 
tive customer,  but  are  helpful  to  the  salesman,  and  often 
save  future  correspondence. 

Three  copies  of  the  quotation  may  be  made,  these  being 
disposed  of  as  under  : — 

1.  Filed  numerically  with  complete  correspondence  in 
suitable  folder. 

2.  Filed  alphabetically  in  customer's  docket. 
'ii.  Handed  to  the  salesman. 

Further  copies  may,  of  course,  be  distributed  to  meet  any 
requirements  that  may  arise. 

As  indicated  at  the  outset,  these  notes  are  by  no  means 
intended  to  be  exhaustive,  but  the  writer  ventures  to  hope  that 
they  will  be  of  some  use  to  others  who  may  be  considering 
the  subject  as  it  affects  their  own  particular  sphere,  though 
the  application  of  the  suggestions  herein  expressed  will  not, 
of  course,  produce  any  gocd  results  unless  tempered  with  that 
grain  of  common  sense,  without  which  no  system,  no  matter 
how  perfect  theoretically,  can  flourish. 


The  International   Ampere. — A  detailed  account  is 

given  in  No.  2,  Vol.  8,  of  the  "  BvUelin  of  the  Bnreau  of 
Standards,"  of  the  work  done  by  Messrs.  E.  B.  Rosa,  >'.  E.  Dorsey 
and  J.  M.  Miller  in  a  redetermination  of  the  international  ampere 
in  absolute  measure.  The  mean  of  the  five  most  accurate  previous 
determinations  gave  for  the  e.m.f.  of  the  Weston  normal  standard 
cell  at  20°  C.  the  value  1'01824  "  semiabsolute  volts."  The  authors 
adopted  the  Rayleigh  balance,  with  a  single  moving  coil  suspended 
coaxially  between  a  pair  of  fixed  coils,  the  planes  of  the  coils 
being  horizontal.  Water-jackets  were  employed  to  maintain  the 
fixed  coils  at  a  definite  temperature,  and  to  ensure  perfect  con- 
stancy in  the  unavoidable  convection  currents  due  to  the  heating 
of  the  moving  coil,  the  effect  of  which  was  eliminated  by  succes- 
sive weighings  with  the  current  in  the  fixed  coils  reversed.  The 
construction  of  the  balance  and  of  the  coils,  A:c.,  is  minutely 
described  in  the  article,  as  well  as  the  methods  of  making  the 
observations,  which  extended  over  four  years.  The  final  con- 
clusion is  that  the  e.m.f,  of  the  Weston  cell  at  20°  C,  as  realised  by 
the  Bureau  of  Standards,  is  1'01822  "  semiabsolute  volts,"  with  a 
possible  uncertainty  of  2  parts  in  100,000.  The  result  diflters  from 
that  obtained  in  1907  at  the  National  Physical  Laboratory 
(r0181S  volts)  by  4  parts  in  100,000.  Part  of  this  may  be  due  to 
a  real  difference  in  the  e.m.f.  of  the  standard  cells.  The  Inter- 
national Committee  has  defined  the  e.m.f.  of  the  Weston  normal 
cell  as  10183  international  volts. 

From  the  results  obtained  is  deduced  the  value  of  the  electro- 
chemical equivalent  of  silver,  111804  mg.  per  coulomb.  The  value 
adopted  by  the  London  Conference  was  I'll 800. 

The  article  describing  the  investigation  occupies  124  pages  of  the 
Bvlletin. 

Electrical  Industries  in  the  I'.S.A.— The  following 

table  gives  the  approximate  results  of  the  past  year's  electrical 
work  in  the  United  States,  as  estimated  by  the  Elei-trical  M'rrld  .— 

1911.  1912. 

Electrical  apparatus  made           ...    S32.=;.0t)0.000  $350,000,000 

Electric  railway  earnings            ...      .iTr-.OCO.COO  625.000,000 

Central  station  earnings  ...     '...      375,000.000  450,000,000 

Telephone  earnings           310,000.000  S.io.OOO.CCo 

Telegraph  earnings           75,CeO,COO  S.^.OOO.OCh 

Isolated  plant  service        125,000.000  12.-.,000000 

Miscellaneous  electric  service      ...      100,000,000  125,000,000 

$1,885,000,000  12,110,000,000 


198 


THE     ELECTEICAL     KEVIEW.     tVol.72.    No.  1,836,  January  8I,  ISlS. 


EXPORTS    AND    IMPORTS    OF    ELECTRICAL    GOODS    DURING    DECEMBER.    1912. 


The  December  returns  of  eleotrical  business,  which  we  publish 
herewith,  complete  the  series  for  the  year  1912. 

The  esporta  for  the  month  amounted  In  value  to  £510,700, 
inclusive  of  telegraphic  material,  and  to  £456,874,  exclusive  of  the 
latter,  and  represent  rather  above  the  average  value  for  a  month. 

The  totals  for  the  preceding  month,  comparing  with  the  above, 
were  ie4GS,4G5  and  £430,000  approximately. 

The  imports  for  the  month  reached  £231,554,  a  decrease  on  the 
previous  month's  total  of  £252,672  ;  the  latter  figure,  however,  is 
considerably  above  the  average  of  the  year. 

The  re-exports,  at  £24,867,  were  over  £5,000  less  in  value  than 
in  Xovember. 

As  the  export  figures  indicate.  December  was  a  good  month  for 


the  home  electrical  manufacturer,  whose  staple  exports,  machinery 
and  cables,  were  represented  to  the  extent  of  some  £198,000  and 
£102,000  respectively. 

In  other  lines,  telephonic  exports  were  valued  at  £50,000  roughly, 
but  some  falling  off  occurred  in  the  battery,  lamp  and  instrument 
sections. 

In  the  case  of  the  imports,  the  value  of  machinery,  telegraphic 
and  telephonic  material,  and  electric  lamps,  entering  this  country 
fell  considerably  as  compared  with  November,  but  the  cable  imports 
more  than  doubled  those  of  the  latter  month. 

Our  best  customer  during  December  was  India,  with  Canada, 
New  South  Wales,  and  Brazil  following  ;  Germany  sent  us  some 
£150,000  worth  of  material  during  the  same  period. 


Registered  Exports  of  British  and  Irisli  Electrical  Goods  from  the  United  Kingdom. 


DestlDttion  of  exports  and  conntr;  ootisigning 
importe. 


.2^  . 
.o£  •> 
<t  o  a 
"•0.2 
■a  c  -2 
c  «  « 


m 


Russia,  Sweden,  Norway  and  Denmark      ... 

Germany  

Netherlands,  Java  &  Dutch  Indies 

Belgium  ...         

France 

Portugal  

Spain,  Canary  Isles  and  Spanish  X.  Africa... 
Switzerland,  Italy  and  Austria-Hungary  ... 

Greece,  Roumania  and  Turkey  

Channel  Isles,  Gibraltar,  Malta  and  Cyprus... 

U.S.A.,  Philippines  and  Cuba  

Canada  and  Newfoundland 

Br.  West  Indies,  Br.  Honduras  and  Br.  Guiana 
Mexico  and  Central  America 

Pern  and  Uruguay      

Chile     ...         

Brazil 

Argentina         

Colombia,  Venezuela,  Ecuador  and  Bolivia... 

Egypt,  North  Africa  and  Persia       

British  West  Africa,  Congo,  Liberia,  &c.    ... 

Rhodesia,  O.R.C.  and  Transvaal       

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Natal     ...         

Zanzibar,  Brit.  E.  Africa,  Mauritius  A:  Aden 
Azores,  Madeira  and  Portuguese  Africa 
French  African  Colonies  and  Madgascar    ... 

China  and  Siam  

Japan  and  Korea        

India     

Ceylon 

Straits  Settlements,  Federated  Malay  States, 

Sarawak  and  Borneo  

Hong  Kong      

West  Australia  

South  Australia  

Victoria  

New  South  Wales       

Queensland 

Tasmania 

New  Zealand  and  Fiji  Islands    


2,7 


£ 

213 

636 

537 

623 

778 

414 

59 
293 

91 
354 


216 

535 

162 

26 

48 

553 

1,716 

2,202 

122 

199 

52 

2,434 

l,8.->2 

1,029 

132 

364 


£S.2 
^2 


£ 

192 
2,201 
2,876 

705 

42 

5,21S 

36 

8 

639 

7 

3,040 

36 

14 

7 

336 

3,680 

8,564 

38 

1,984 

168 

1,991 

2,392 

6,1 1'^ 

94 

316 

5 


.a  R  I 


406  1,620 

668  2,966 

5,103  20,191 

324  569 


1,387 
56 

238 

814 

2,369 

5,159 

140 

163 

1,494 


1,497 
73 

301 

2,923 

8,181 

17,480 

562 

4,676 


£ 
104 

no 

139 

435 
5,032 

291 
124 
213 
117 

31 

1,114 

20 

17 
180 

1,771 
626 

1,263 

104 
48 
4.54 
602 
393 
190 
78 


210 

617 

4,815 

101 

405 
215 

98 

90 

581 

319 

42 

68 

466 


67 
31 
32 
49 
88 
18 

211 

9 

16 

119 

462 

1,460 

42 

12 

62 

123 

345 

321 

16 

244 
64 

967 

606 
69 

149 
41 
16 

136 

55 

1,380 

41 

33 
11 

61 
229 
560 
307 
104 

360 


CO  0 

r  a* 

Kg 


£ 
62 

577 
64 

153 
39 
11 
3 
79 
12 
19 

.344 

17 


■c§S 


„t  1^ 


£ 
575 

142 
61 
12 
26 

312 
41 


245 
3,154 


16  <  ... 

6  I  160 

9  j  292 

167  I  285 


6 

4 

164 

34 

12 


128 


115 

469 

35 

689 
46 


168 
902 
760 
516 

112 
131 

232 
588 
163 
421 
100 

666 


£ 

5,481 

2,336 

1,980 

2,566 

14,097 

1  759 

10,175 

2,226 

1,771 

17,775 

1,060 

32,660 

386 

52 

306 

4,576 

7,203 

3,864 

1,646 

624 
17 

1,606 

3,271 

812 

540 

491 

33 

770 
21,843 
14,59 

616 

1,364 
253 

464 
1,080 
4,140 
16,714 
6,934 
8 
4,050 


£ 

484 

40 
281 

246 

I  8 

2,635 

511 

'.) 


733 

904 

2,356 


112 
2,390 

32 


882 


1,(;87 
16 


520 

2,160 

44 


8,717 


151 
82 

4,874 
17 

15 
2 
17 
650 
52 
31 


30 
2,234 
1,344 
2,266 

169 

...I 

S  15 

i  447 
885 
286 
Lin 

936 


4 

8 
266 


143 
3 

7 

8 

14 


132 


268 

3,365 

381 

321 


2,331 
481 
3,226 
6,706 
10,181 

6,801 


4,244 

813 
8,470 
12,012 
8,958 
2,169 
1,669 
123 

6,8921  11,392 

345;  33,007 

1,650  52,341 

19!  4,533 

00      I 

4,265  9,480 

XI  [_r>.  746 


Total,*    38,649    101,644  21,383    8,875    2,055    11,384    181,022  16,K41    23,360  2,051    49,6,36    53,826  510,700 
Registered  Imports  into  the  United  Kingdom  of  Electrical  Goods  from  all  Countries. 


Russia,  Norway,  Sweden  and  Denmark 

Germany  

Holland  

Belgium  ...         ...         ...         ... 

France  

Switzerland      

Italy      

Austria-Hungary        ...         ...         ... 

United  States 


Total,  £ 


28 

21 

146 

38 

3,152 

281 

308 

25 

10,230 

15,674 
117 

1,827 

17,217 
2,500 

9,208 
1,027 

4,507 

63,300 
22 

11 

5,694 

9,484 

571 

6,165 

79 

366 

206 

64 

3,454 

20 

266 

27 

241 

1,150 

1,052 

1,073 

206 

364 

702 

161 

251 

3,873 

241 

809 

4 

64 

223 

887 

21 

17 

45 

20 

2,376 

218 

620 

896 

13 

2,257 

649 

66 

... 

190 

15 

1,604 

3,170 
14,501 

60 
27,629 

322 
J,  502 

18 

579 

206 
6,364 

9,987 
82,690 

6,463 
6,960 

426 

20 

21,933 

11,8.38 

6,976 

"U,978 

9,301 

1.3,192 

142 

8,227 
658 
720 

1,.398 

846 
34,484 


13,300 

160,344 

3,808 

18,434 
9,720 
3,031 
.5,441 
4,571 

22,096 


230,746 


Additional  imports  :  Spain,  carbons,  £210  ;  Japan,  glow  Ismpp.  £15  ;  Victoria,  telegraphic  goods,  £209  ;  and  Canada,  carbons,  £375. 

Registered  Re-Exports  of  Foreign  and  loloniai  Electrical  Goods  from  the  United  Kingdom.  ' 


VariouB  conntries,  mainly  as  above 


13,636 


1.425 

2,802   519 

... 

5,267 

... 

163     1,061 


24,867 


ToTAX  ExpoBTS:  £510,700.  TOTAL  Re-Expobts  :  £24,867.  Total  Impobts  :  £231,554. 

Note.— The  amounts  appearing  under  the  several  headings  are  classified  according  to  the  Customs  returns.  The  first  and 
third  columns  contain  many  amounts  relating  to  "goods"  otherwise  unclassified,  the  latter,  doubtless,  consisting  of  similar 
materials  to  those  appearing  in  adjacent  oolnmns.  Imports  are  credited  to  the  country  whence  consigned,  which  is  not  neoeeeariljr 
the  ooontry  of  origin. 


Vol.72.   No.i,8H6,  jANDABTHi,  i9i;«.]    THE    ELECTltlCAL    REVIEW. 


199 


ELECTRICAL      EXPORTS      AND      IMPORTS 
DURING     1912    AND    PREVIOUS    YEARS. 


An  in  previous  yoars,  wo  publish  nimultancouMly  with  Iho  Dcccmbor 
rotiirna  of  oloctrioal  cxportH  ami  importH,  a  HorioH  of  curves  iiluH- 
tratin^   ax    oonoiBoly     aH     poHhibltt     the 
trend  of  olootrical   buHinewH  (iurin^,'•  I'.il".' 
and  prcccdiiiir  yoarH. 

ThuH  fit,'.  I  Hhows  graphically  tho 
monthly  totals  of  tho  exports,  imports 
and  rc-oxpoitu  for  tho  years  l'.)()")-r.»12 
inclusive.  The  heavy  curvo  shows  the 
continued  upward  tendency  of  the 
exportw,  which  have  been  fairly  steadily 
mountin^r  upwards  for  the  past  half- 
dozen  years,  while,  on  tho  other  hand, 
the  home  manufacturer  will  note  with 
satisfaction  that  the  imports  curvo,  on 
the  whole,  shows  no  particular  iipwar<i 
tendency  during  the  past  two  years. 

The  actual  gTOBB  value  of  the  exports 
(dot-and-dash  curve)  durintr  the  12 
months  was  approximately  .*;  ri,300,()00, 
as  compared  with  some  £1,00(1,000  in 
1911,  and  £.".,700,000  in  1910,  the  last 
year  having'  been   a  more  than   usually 


in  MHO,  and  £2:tl,000  in  l!iO»,   tho   larKer  projKirtion   of  which,  of 
course,  reprew.'nts  machinery  and  cabin. 

Thii  (;haro/;tor  of  the  importH  curvo  ban  been  notml  above  ; 
actually  this  avorai;o  monthly  value  of  approximately  A2l7,r)0U 
was  somewhat  higher  than  that  oMatninif  in  IIH  I  whili) 
the  same  also  applies  to  tho  ro-exi)ortii,  which  were  nliKhtly  on  th« 
uj)gra<le. 


li^J/Stz"} 


RE-EXPORTS 


vmrnrnt^ 


Srpt.  Ddc.  Mar*.  June  Sopt.  D9C.  Mar. 


Juno  Sept.  Doc.  Kar,  ^une  Sept.  Dec 

1907  1908 


Fig.  1. 


The  upper  export  curve  is  inclusive  of  telegraphic  exports  from  November,  1908. 

-Chart  showing  Monthly  Electrical  Exports  and  Imports  during  the  past  Eight  Years. 


Fig.  2.— Monthly  Exports  ok  Electrical  Machinery  and  Electric  Cable,  other  than  Telegraphic  or  Telephonic 

Cable,  during  1908-12  inclusive. 


Fig.  3.— Monthly  Import.s  of  Electrical  Machinery,  Telegraphic  and  Telephonic  Material  and  Cable,  and  Electric 

Lamps  and  Parts,  during  1908-12  inclusive. 


busy  one  for  the  telegraphic  manufacturers,  judging  by  the  high 
total  recorded. 

Excluding  telegraphic  exports,  the  fluctuating  character  of  which 
has  been  noted  by  us  on  several  occasions,  there  remained  an 
average  monthly  electrical  export  of  nearly  £400,000  during  1912. 
as  compared  with  £338,000  in  the  preceding   12  months,  £285,000 


One  or  two  suspicious  kinks  will  be  noted  in  the  export  and 
other  curves  during  the  past  two  years  :  such  are  particularly 
noticeable  during  1912,  where  they  roughly  coincide  with  the 
labour  troubles  in  connection  with  shipping  and  transport. 

Turning  to  fig.  2,  the  progressive  character  of  our  export  business 
in  machinery  and  cablw  is  clearly  shown  :  th«  cable  sectiou  lUQ 


200 


[Vol.72.    No.  1,836,  Jantjaby  31,  1913, 


EXPORTS    TO 

"  s 

1 

"*'"°""° 

Q 

95.000 
90,000 

< 

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75.000 

70.000 

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xpobts  to 

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35.000 
30.000 
25.000 

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tXPOR 

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The  two  curves  shown  in  fig.  5  are  also  of 
great  interest  as  they  indicate  the  expansion 
of  our  Australasian  export  business,  beside 
which  the  lower  curve  of  dwindling-  South 
African  business  is  a  disappointing  contrast. 
Since  June,  I'.'IO,  our  collective  electrical 
exports  to  South  Africa  have  steadily  fallen 
ofiF.  due,  no  doubt,  to  the  stronj;  position  of 
the  German  electrical  interests  on  the  Rand 
where  the  bulk  of  the  engineering  develop- 
ment has  taken  place. 

The  sixth  set  of  curves  shows  the  trend 
of  our  Indian  and  Far  Eastern  business  ; 
Japan,  it  will  be  seen,  has  been  a  par- 
ticularly good  customer  during  the  past 
year,  and,  although  to  a  less  extent, 
India  also  increased  her  electrical  trade 
with  us.  China,  on  the  other  hand,  still 
remains  "  the  coming  market "  so  far  as  the 
British  electrical  manufacturer  is  concerned, 
judging  by  the  almost  featureless  record  of 
Chinese  electrical  business  with  this  country 
during  the  past  two  years. 

The  last  diagram,  fig.  7,  illustrates  the 
progress  made  by  our  most  prominent  foreign 


Fiu.  r>.— Electuical 

Exports  to 

Australasia,*    and 

South  Afuica.t 

1909-12. 


Fk;. 


4.^Ei.ectrk:ai,  E.xports  to  Canada,  AKCiENTiNA  and 
Brazil,  1909-12. 


cat€3  a  particularly  gratifying  improvement  after  what  has  been  a 
steady  climb  for  some  years. 

It  is  interesting  to  compare  with  the  above  the  year's  progress  of 
the  three  principal  electrical  imports  into  this  country,  shown  in 
fig.  ;>,  from  which  it  will  be  observed  that,  although  the  value  of 
machinery  entering  this  country  compared  well  with  the  preceding 
year,  a  decided  decrease  occurred  in  telegraphic  and  telephonic 
imports,  while  the  lamp  business  was  apparently  a  repetition  of 
that  for  1911. 

Purchasing  Countries  and  Importers  into  the 
United  Kingdom. 

The  remaining  curves,  in  figs.  4,  5,  6  and  7,  are  an  extension  of 
those  appearing  a  year  ago,  and  bring  up  to  date  the  various  export 
and  import  features  dealt  with  therein.  Fig.  4  is  of  particular 
interest,  as  it  emphasises  the  rapid  development  of  the  Canadian 
market,  which  bids  fair  to  easily  outdistance  the  other  American 
markets  shown  in  the  same  chart,  viz,  Argentina  and  Brazil.  In 
point  of  fact,  our  Brazilian  electrical  business  declined  heavily  as 
compared  with  the  previous  two  years,  while  our  exports  to  the 
Argentine  Republic  show  a  comparatively  small  expansion  as  com- 
pared with  the  preceding  year,  and  in  view  of  the  great  electrical 
progress  being  made  out  there. 


Includes  New  Zealand,  Australian  States  and  Tasmania. 

Includes  Cape  Colony,  Natal,  Transvaal,  Orange  River  Colony  and  Rhodesia. 


Fio.  6.— Electrical  Exports  to  Japan,  India  and^^hiha,  1909-12. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8:w, .tanuauv  :ii,  i9i:>.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    KKVIKW. 


201 


compotitorH  in  Iho  KripUHh  market  durinc^  tho  pant  four  yoarH.  It 
will  be  noted  that  only  a  nliuht  oxtcnBion  of  buHinrHH.  in  any 
cane,  iH  in<iicatt'il  by  any  of  tho  curvcn,  iinlvHH  it  br  with  the  U.S.A. 

Gorman  el(H;trical  iniportH  into  thiw  country,  Htill  far  ahead  of 
thoMO  of  any  other  country,  were  probably  a  little  in  oxcohm  of  thoHO 
dnrini?  tho'prfvcdini;  year,  and  amounted  routrhly  to  an  avoratfc  of 
Xl  10,(100  per  month. 

It  Hhould  1)1'  undcrBtood  that  thiH  roprescntH  olootrical  j^oodR 
which  wore  absorbed  almost  entirely  by  the  people  of  thiH  country 
(not  beinir   re-exported  to  any  appreciablir  extent).     An  the  fiifurc 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 

"Mela"  lleat«TH. 

TirK.  MKTM.i.ir-  8i.AMi.Kss  Ti  HE  Co.,  Lti>.,  of  I.'; 3,  Corporation 
Street,  HirminKham,  arc  HUpplyinK  a  nnmbcr  of  picaoini.'  deiiitrnfi  of 
electric  heating;  apparatus,  an  the  accompuuyinir  illoRtratlonit  will 


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Fi«.  1.^»Blk(;tkicai,  Wakminij  I'i.atk. 


Fig.  2. — "  Meta  '"  rRviNt;  Pan. 


Fig.  7, — Ei.KCTRicAL  Imports  from  Germany,  U.S.A.,  Belgium  and  France,  1909-12, 


Fig.  3. — "Meta"  Heater. 


mentioned  amounts  to  about  2rii  per  cent,  of  our  own  averaj^e 
electrical  exports  to  the  whole  of  the  world's  markets,  and  the 
latter,  we  believe,  form  no  inconsiderable  proportion  of  the  internal 
electrical  trade  of  this  country,  it  is  evident  that  the  German  elec- 
trical industry  still  retains  a  very  largre  proportion  of  the  latter 
despite  the  efforts  of  the  home  manufacturer. 

To  some  extent,  no  doubt,  Germany  retains  her  pre-eminent 
position  by  her  adaptability  to  trade  conditions,  as,  for  instance, 
when  a  year  or  two  since  the  metal  lamps  she  imported  into  this 
country  suddenly  increased  to  a  value  in  excess  of  machinery  imports. 
Again,  durinpr  the  past  year  it  is  noticeable  that  German  magneto 
imports  have  been  increasing:  to  largre  proportions,  some  £25,000 
worth  figuringr  in  the  December  returns  ;  this  business,  in  common 
with  a  good  deal  of  other  small  motor-car  electrical  supplies, 
represents  work  which  might  well  be  retained  by  the  British 
manafactnrer. 

General. 

In  conclusion,  it  is  evident  that  the  year,  in  comparison  with 
previous  ones,  has  been  a  prosperous  one  for  the  exporter,  despite 
the  interference  of  labour  troubles  at  home.  Probably  the  most 
intereetinjr  feature  was  the  rapid  growth  of  the  Canndian  export 
business,  which,  in  view  of  the  great  attention  which  has  been 
drawn  to  its  possibilities  in  our  pages,  is  particularly  gratifying  to 
ourselves.  Australia,  India,  Japan  and,  to  a  less  extent,  Argentina, 
were  also  improving  markets,  but,  unfortunately,  the  best  that  can 
be  said  of  our  business  with  Brazil,  our  South  African  colonies  and 
T'hina  is  that  it  does  not,  so  far  as  we  can  see,  expand. 


show.  These  are  some  of  their  popular  domestic  lines  of  "  Jleta  " 
apparatus,  of  which  prices  are  given  in  a  new  folder  just  issued  for 
the  use  of  the  trade.  Fig.  1  is  a  specimen  of  a  warming  plate, 
intended  for  table  or  sideboard  use,  for  keeping  dishes  or  food 
warm.  It  is  constructed  of  brass,  electro-plated,  with  aluminium 
top,  either  Tj  or  9  in.  diameter.  Fig.  2  is  a  "  Meta  "  frying  pan, 
11  in.  diameter,  in  polished  aluminium  :  it  has  four-heat  regulation 
by  using  triple  cable.  In  fig.  3  will  be  found  a  "'  Meta "  heater 
with  two-heat  regulation  by  two  switches.  This  heater,  which 
measures  16  in.  x  ]t>  in.  x  8^  in.,  has  a  sheet-metal  body  mounted 
upon  ■  a  cast-iron  frame,  and  is  finished  black  and  relieved. 
Copies  of  the  folder  mentioned  can  be  obtained  free  of 
charge,  overprinted  with  name  and  address,  on  application  to  the 
company. 

Device  for  Making  Earth  Connection. 

The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  1.  p.  202)  shows  an  earth  con- 
nection which  is  now  being  manufactured  bytheL.S.  Bbach  SrppLY 
Co.,  of  New  York  City.  It  is  claimed  that  this  device  will  produce  a 
low-resistance  contact  between  the  earth  wire  and  the  earth  itself 
which  it  is  impossible  to  secure  through  the  ,earth  wire  or  plate 
in  CPHimon  use.  To  accomplish  this,  the  earth  connection  has  been 
designed  to  retain  the  moisture  in  the  vicinity  of  the  contact,  to 
present  a  sufficiently  large  area  of  metal  surface  to  the  earth,  and 
to  ensure  firm  contact  between  the  earth  and  the  metal  plates.  To 
secure  moist  earth,  three  bowls  or  cups  are  fastened  to  a  centre  rod, 
providing  a  means  for  rain  water  as  it  soaks  through  the  earth  to 
be  caught  and  retained  within  the  earthing  device  itself.  This  water 
will  remain  in  the  bowls  as  long  as  the  surrounding  earth  is  moist. 


202 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.72.   No.i.sac,  januabtsi,  ms. 


When,  by  reason  of  the  hot  Bun,  evaporation  takes  place  and  the 
earth  becomes  dry,  there  still  remains  a  local  moist  area  due  to  the 
water  that  will  hie  piven  off  from  the  howls.  To  aid  in  attracting 
and  holding  water,  small  pieces  of  charcoal  are  placed  within  the 
bowls  and  covered  by  a  perforated  metal  screen.  The  perforated 
screen  itself  is  intended  to  protect  the  space  in  the  bowls  from  being 
filled  up  by  the  surrounding  earth,  so  that  ample  water  space  may 
be  retained.  The  three  bowls,  being  sweated  to  the  centre  rod, 
offer  more  than  three  times  the  exposed  surface  which  the  common 


Fio.  4.— Device  for  Making  Earth  Connection. 

ground  plate  can  offer  for  a  hole  of  given  size.  The  third  essential, 
that  of  securing  firm  contact  with  the  earth,  is  provided  for  by 
rfioforcing  the  bowls  and  the  metal  screw  so  that  the  earth  may 
be  packed  tightly  around  the  earth  connection. 

At  the  top  of  the  centre  rod  a  slot  milled  in  a  threaded  portion 
affords  a  convenient  means  of  joining  the  earth  wire  to  the  earth 
connection.  These  "  hydro-grounds,"  as  they  are  called,  are  now 
being  manufactured  in  three  standard  sizes,  each  size  carrying  three 
bowls  of  varying  diameters. — Electrical  World. 

A  >'ow  Electric  Sign. 

The  Fkanco-Bkitish  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  ."lO,  Oxford 
Street,  London,  W.,  have  just  completed  the  erection  of  an  animated 
sign,  of  which  we  give  a  reproduction  from  a  photograph  taken 


Fk;.  5.—'  Feanco  "  Animated  Electric  Sign. 

while  it  waa  alight.  The  sign  is  made  up  on  their  well-known 
"Franco"  principle,  and  is  fitted  with  their  patent  porcelain 
holders  and  nearly  xOO  1-c.r.  carbon  lamp*.  The  whole  of  the 
(>ign  is  supplied  from  a  transformer,  the  secondary  of  which  works  at 


14  volts  and  about  250  amperes,  the  corresponding  primary  taking 
17  amperes  at  200  volts.  The  sign  works  in  connection  with  a 
"  Franco "  flasher  which  controls  the  whole  of  the  2.50  amperes. 
The  working  of  the  sign  is  as  follows  : — First  of  all,  "The  Angel" 
and  "  Kingston  Bros."  light  up,  then  the  barrel  and  the  outline  of 
table  and  glass  :  next  a  hand  appears  at  the  tap  of  the  barrel  and 
amber  lamps  representing  a  stream  of  beer  become  illuminated  and 
have  the  appearance  of  continually  flowing  down  into  the  glass, 
the  latter  gradually  filling  up  with  amber  lamps  until  the 
top  is  reached.  The  froth  now  commences  to  rise  and  eventually 
to  flow  down  the  side  of  the  glass  and  spread  out  over  the  table. 
After  it  reaches  the  edge  of  the  table,  the  hand  on  the  barrel  dis- 
appears and  the  flow  of  beer  stops.  The  froth  on  the  glass  then 
gradually  subsides  and  the  part  which  is  at  the  side  of  the  glass 
also  goes  out,  leaving  that  which  is  on  the  table ;  this  then 
commences  to  effervesce,  and  while  so  doing  the  words  "  Bass  Best 
Beer  Drawn  from  the  Wood  '  come  in,  one  word  at  a  time.  After 
being  alight  in  this  way  for  some  two  or  three  seconds,  the  whole 
goes  out  and  recommences.  There  are  7.")  switch  wires  controlling 
the  sign.  Although  the  surface  of  the  sign  is  quite  flat,  the 
painting  has  been  carefully  done  in  order  to  give  the  necessary 
appearance.  The  sign  is  erected  in  Stratford  Broadway  and  was 
supplied  and  fixed  for  Messrs.  Stuart  A.  Curzon,  of  Westminster. 

We  understand  that  during  the  first  few  nights  that  this  sign 
was  alight,  large  crowds  assembled  in  front  of  the  public  house  to 
watch  the  operations,  and  it  is  said  that  the  sign  has  not  been  a 
help  to  the  temperance  cause,  judging  from  the  increase  in  takings. 

Instanta  Adjustable  Rise-and-fall  Pendants. 

A  new  rise-and-fall  adjustable  pendant,  illustrated  in  fig.  (i,  has 
recently  been  designed  by  Messrs.  F.  A.  Wilkinson  A:  Partners, 
Ltd.  By  its  use  the  lamp  can  be  raised  or  lowered  to  any  desired 
degree  by  simply  pressing  the  spring  attached  to  the  vulcanite 


I 

i 

I 


Fkj.  6.— Instanta  Adjustable  Pendant. 


head.     At  the  same  time  all  the  idvantages  of  reflected  or  indirect 
lighting  can  be  obtained  from  an  ordinary  lamp  pendant. 

The  fitting  can  be  attached  to  an  ordinary  pendant  in  a  few 
moments  without  any  rewiring  or  disconnection,  and  by  its  use  the 
usual  counterweights  and  pulleys  are  dispensed  with. 

A  New  Folding  Scaffold. 

We  illustrate  in  fig.  7  an  inven- 
tion of  Mb.  Heathman,  of  Par- 
son's Green,  Fulham— a  handy 
scaffold,  for  use  in  premises  where 
every  inch  of  storage  space  is  a 
consideration.  The  ''Shorrolds " 
pattern  telescopic  folding  scaffold 
trestle  can  be  stored  in  a  very 
small  space,  and  easily  carried  to 
the  position  where  it  is  desired 
to  set  it  up  for  use.  The 
trolley  base  is  upon  castors,  so 
that  it  may  be  of  service  to  move 
goods  upon  with  a  box  or  basket 
made  to  size  for  daily  ware- 
house service,  while  it  is  avail- 
able for  the  trestles  for  decorating 
purposes  out  of  the  usual  business  hours, 


Fig. 


7.— Heathman 
Scaffold. 


i" 


^„.r"™" The  trestles  are  rapidly 

set  up  and  fixed  to  the  carriage  by  set  screws,  and  the  sliding  sectwn 
is  easily  adjusted  to  the  height  requisite  to  reach  the  work  to  bj 
done.  Two  sets  can  be  used  conjointly  with  scaffold  boards  and 
protection  rails,  or  one  scaffold  can  be  used  separately  as  varying  cir- 
cumstances necessitate.    The  whole  can  be  carried  upon  a  barrow  or 


Vol.72.   No.i,s:.,;,,)AN..AK^  :n,i!M:t,i      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


W,' 


cart,  And  in  inudo  in  three  or  four  HoctionH  (uh  well  aH  the  two 
NutionH  illuMlriited)  ho  that  they  may  be  UHod  for  very  low  ax  well 
ais  hi(fh  rooMiH  ;  the  ladderH  can  Ih)  uHcd  c|uito  indciii'iidently  of 
the  trolley  biiHc  to  lean  utrniiiHt  walln,  an  three  separate  ladder«  tn 
each  Het,  or  iin  nelf  Huiiportinif  treotlcH.  TIichc  treatleH  are  made  with 
larirer  whi^oJM  for  road  and  ntre«t  nervice. 

Tho  Klortric  (<lruto. 

A  novel  de«i^'n  of  electric  Hre,  illuHtrated  in  fi(f.  H,  haH  been 
placed  on  the  market  by  Mkssus.  F.  A.  Wilkinson  A:  Pabtnehs, 
liTD.,  of  Hatfield,  Hertn.  Componed  throiighont  of  poliuhed  copper, 
with  braHH  facinjjH,  it  is  extremely  handnonie  in  apptarnnce,  and  in 
keepinir  with  the  most  luxurious  surroundintfs.  The  total 
power  conmniiption  of  the  ^rato  is  2'8  units  per  hour,  and  heat 
roifulation  is  ill'ected  by  means  of  the  two  switches.  There  are 
four  self-contained  heating  elements,  each  having  a  cajjacity  of 


of  the  porcelain  button  Ixiinir  broken,  altbouirh  the  DiBknm  (jcvnr 
had  a  case  brou);ht  to  their  notice.  In  order  to  obviate  any 
objection  on  thi^i  account,  they  now  make  tho  jiorcelain  mdid,  and 
the  lx>lts  securini;  thi' coiitactH  are  Hi:rewi-d  intii  niitu  let  into  tho 
|>orcelaiii  ,  even  in  the  hinaller  Hi/j;s  there  iw  not  I<-«h  than  abcot 
J  in.  of  porcelain  between  the  hiiuil  aixl  the  live  metal. 


Fir.  8.— Electric  Fire-grate. 

700  watts.  In  design  and  appearance  they  are  similar  to  ordinary 
incandescent  lamps,  but  are  mounted  on  mica  bases  and  fitted  with 
pin  plug  connections,  the  elements  thus  being  instantly  replaceable. 
An  imitation  of  an  ordinary  coal  fire  is  arranged  within  the 
grate,  and  when  working  glows  with  a  cheerful  appearance  and 
gives  out  an  intense  heat.  The  dimensions  of  the  grate  are  24  in. 
high,  20  in.  deep  and  18  in.  wide.  It  can  easily  be  carried  about 
and  used  anywhere. 

Porcelain  Fnse  UandleSi 

Messes.  A.  Reyrolle  A:  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Hebburn-on-Tyne,  have 
sent  us  particulars  of  their  latest  type  of  porcelain  fuse  handle, 
which  is  illustrated  in  fig.  9.     In  the  earlier  design  of  self-aligning 


Fig.  9.— Porcelain  Fuse  Handles. 

fnse  handle,  the  bolt  which  secured  the  contact  to  the  porcelain 
was  carried  through  to  the  front  of  the  porcelain,  and  »  porcelain 
button  was  screwed  over  the  shank.  There  was  a  possible  dis- 
advantage in  this  design,  inasmuch  as  there  was  always  the  danger 


FOREIGN    AND    COLONIAL    TARIFFS    ON 
ELECTRICAL    GOODS. 


A.MENDMENT;*. 

ECUADOR.-  The  Board  of  Trade  has  received  a  copy  of  a  decree 
revising  the  tariff  and  tariff  laws,  with  effect  from  January  Igt, 
191H.  Amongst  other  things,  it  has  been  decided  to  iinpo<^e  a 
surtax  of  17  per  cent,  ud  niluii-m  at  all  Customs  Ilouivef.  where 
parcels  are  received  by  post,  on  all  goods,  with  the  exception  of  certain 
foodstuffs,  agricultural  implements  and  cotton  goods.  As  regards 
incorrect  declaration  of  the  weight  of  imported  goods,  it  has  been 
decided  that  all  excess  of  weight  of  lo  per  cent,  or  more  between 
the  real  weight  and  the  weight  declared  in  the  Consular  invoice 
manifest  or  application  for  clearance  shall  be  penalised  with  a 
surcharge  of  loQ  per  cent,  on  the  duties  leviable:  when  the 
difference  is  less  than  lo  per  cent.,  duty  will  be  payable  on  the 
actual  weight  of  the  goods.  A  provision  has  been  added  to  the 
valuation  regulations  to  the  effect  that  the  value  of  the  goods 
which  is  to  be  declared  in  the  Consular  invoice  is  that  of  the  goods 
at  the  place  of  origin.  The  declaration  for  clearance  of  goods  from 
the  Customs,  which  must  be  presented  within  eight  days  after  the 
arrival  of  the  vessel  carrying  them,  must  specify,  among  other 
particulars,  the  net  and  gross  weight  of  each  imported  package. 

The  following  modifications  of  the  Customs  treatment  of  certain 
goods  have  also  been  made  : — 

Previous  rate.  Present  rate. 

"  Focos  "      for      electric 

lamps  not  specified  I  centavo  per  kg. 

Lifts  .'<  centavos  per  kg.  free 

Note. — 100  centavos  =  28. 

RUSSIA. — An  arrangement  has  been  made  with  the  Tnited 
States  Government  that  goods  of  American  origin  imported  into 
Russia  shall  be  given  the  benefits  of  the  lower  rates  of  duty  leviable 
under  the  "  Conventional  Tariff "  which  is  applicable  to  goods 
imported  from  countries  having  most-favoured- nation  arrange- 
ments with  Russia.  As  a  result  of  this  arrangement,  certificates 
of  origin  will  no  longer  be  required  for  goods  imported  from 
countries  other  than  the  LTnited  States  in  order  to  prove  their  non- 
American  manufacture. 

SPAIN. — It  has  been  decided  that  English  gold  coins  and  Bank 
of  England  notes  will  be  accepted  by  the  Spanish  Customs  at  their 
full  value  in  payment  of  Customs  duties.  Bills  of  exchange  or 
cheques  on  London,  provided  they  are  drawn  in  pounds  sterling, 
are  duly  guaranteed  and  can  be  cashed  at  the  exact  equivalent  in 
gold  of  their  face  value,  will  also  be  accepted. 

UNITED  STATES.— The  Customs  authorities  have  decided  to 
grant  free  entry  of  articles  imported  in  order  to  be  exhibited  at 
expositions  to  be  held  in  New  York  by  the  Merchants'  and  Manu- 
facturers' Exchange  of  that  city. 

MEXICO. — The  Board  of  Trade  has  received  information  from 
Mexico  that  the  proposal  of  the  Mexican  Government,  recently 
referred  to  in  the  Electrical  Review,  to  increase  the  Customs 
duties  by  7  per  cent.,  has  been  approved  by  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. It  will,  however,  still  have  to  be  approved  by  the 
Senate  before  it  becomes  law. 

ST.  VINCENT.— The  Government  of  St.  Vincent  has  decided  to 
continue  to  levy  the  surtax  of  10  per  cent,  of  the  duties  levied  on 
all  goods  imported  into  St.  Vincent  from  January  Isfc.  last  until 
March  Hist  nest. 

HOLLAND. — The  Dutch  Customs  authorities  have  issued  the 
following  decisions  as  to  the  daties  to  be  levied  on  certain  electrical 
and  similar  goods  : — 

Fully  finished  copper  bonds  for  electric  tramway 
rails,  dutiable  as  "  finished  copper  goods  "  at  the 
rate  of 5  %  ad  val. 

Steel  pins  belonging  to  the  above,  as  "Steel  goods," 

at  the  rate  of 5  %  ad  val. 

Switchboards — 

Belonging  to.  and  imported  at  the  same  time  as. 
dynamos  or  duty-free  electric  motors    ...         ...        Free. 

In  other  cases — dutiable  as  "instruments,"  at  the 

rate  of         5  %  ad  val. 

Marble  slabs  and  elate  slabs  fqr  switchboards,  not 

furnished  with  any  fittings  ...         ...         ...        Free. 

FRANCE. — The  French  Customs  authorities  have  decided  that 
current  limiters  (automatic  switches  to  prevent  the  excessive  con- 
sumption of  electricity")  are  to  be  dutiable  as  electrotechnical 
apparatus  at  rates  varying  from  20  fr.  to  110  fr.  per  100  kg., 
according  to  weight  and  nature.  Detached  parts  of  these  current - 
limiters  will  be  dutiable  aa  "  detached  parts  of  electrotechnical 
apparatus,"  at  rates  varying  from  25  fr.  to  110  fr.  per  100kg. 
according  to  weight.  It  has  also  been  decided  that  steam  or  water 
turbines  imported  without  their  shafts  are  to  be  treated  as  incom- 
plete apparatus. 


204 


THE    ELECTKICAL    KEVIEW.     LVoi.72.  no.i,836,januabt  31,191:^. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR.    1913. 

(NOT  TET  PUBLISHED.! 

Compiled  expressly  for  lliis  journal  by  MsasRa.  W.  P.  Tuuhpsun  &  Co., 
Electrical  Palont  AgiMiU,  285,  High  Holbom,''  London,  W.C.,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


l.oUl.    "Magneto-electric  machines  for  combined  ignition  and  illuminating 
purposes."    F.  R.  SiiiMs.    January  18th. 

l.SOo.    "  Electrically-operated  steering  gear."     British   Thohson-Hodston 
Co.,  Ltd.  (Qeneral  Electric  Co.,  United  Utates.)    January  18(h. 

1,513.    "  Regulators  (or  dynamos."    0.  E.   Von   Kerckhoven,    (ConTention       ^ 
date,  February  Srd,  1912,  France.)    January  Ittth.    (Complete.) 


936.  "  Electric  beat'.ng  apparatus."  M.  J.  Ruling  and  C.  H.  Auchkr. 
Janoary  IStli. 

942.  "Telegraphically  transmitting  signals  by  mean^'of  a  perforated  strip." 
Siemens  Bros.  ,t  Co.,  Ltd.  (Siemens  &  Halske  Akt.-Ges.,  Germany.) 
(Addition  to  H. 103  of  I'Jdri.)     January  ISih.     (Complete.) 

943.  "Hot-wire  electrical  measuring  instruments."  Siemens  Bros.  &  Co, 
Ltd.    (Siemens  <!i  Halsbe  Akt.-Qos.,  Germany.)    January  13th.     (Complete.) 

917.  "Wireless  telegraph  installations  lor  aerial  vessels."  L.  Ror/KT. 
January  ISlh.    (Complete.) 

1,002,  "  Series  systems  of  incandescent  lamp  lighting."  E.  Booth  and  N.  R. 
Booth.     January  i4ch, 

1,010.  "Protective  device  for  electric  motors  and  electrically-driven 
machinery."    Q.  P.  Heron.    January  14th. 

1,047,  "  Apparatus  for  controlling  motion  from  a  distance  applicable  more 
particularly  to  the  control  of  searchlights  or  projectors,  steering  gear  and  the 
like,"  SiKMKNsScHnrKERTWEKKK  G,m,b,H,  (Addition  to  956  of  1912.  Ccm- 
vention  date,  July  24th,  1912,  Gernmny.)    January  14th.    (Complete,) 

1,049,  "  Telephony  and  like  systems,"  E.  A.  Graham  and  W.  J.  Rickets. 
(Addition  to  10,045  of  1911.)    January  14tb. 

1,064.  "  Magneto  sparking  plugs."  Siemens  &  Halskk  Akt.-Qes.  (Con- 
vention date,  January  26lb,  1912,  Austria.)    January  14th,    ((Complete,) 

1,066,  "  Electrical  accumulators."  C.  de  Sednekf.  (Addition  to  18,571, 
1912.)    January  14tb.     (Complete.) 

l,06(i.    "  Electric  water  heaters."    B.  M.  T,  Boddam.    January  14th. 

1,069.  "Loud-speaking  telephone  for  closed  motor-cars  and  other  closed 
carriages."    R.  Pecobini,    January  14tb.    (Complete.) 

1,093.  "  Magneto  spp.iratus  for  use  especially  in  connection  with  internal- 
combustion  engines."  "  Maiam  "  Motor  Afiabate  Q.h.b.H.  (Convention 
date,  February  3rd,  1912,  Germany.)    January  14th.    (Complete.) 

1,098.  "  Apparatus  for  producing  electricity."  R.  J.  Meyers.  January 
14th.    (Complete.) 

1,100.  "  Devices  for  the  production  of  induced  currents  in  magneto 
machines,  dynimos.  and  other  induction  generators."  A.  Keller-Dorian. 
(Convention  dite,  August  9th,  1912,  France.)    January  14th.    (Complete.) 

1,103.  "  Electrical  control  of  drop  hammers."  British  Thomson-Houston 
Co.,  Ltd.    (Ailgemeine  K.lektricitacs  Ges.,  Germany.)    January  14th. 

1,1^.  "Resonating  relays."  H,  V.  Kramer  and  G.  Kai'p.  (Addition  to 
10,856, 1911.)    January  15tb. 

1,149.     "Arc-light  carbons."     H.  Ayrtos.    January  15th. 

1,167.  "Switches  for  automatic  telephone  systems."  W,  J,  Bruce,  jun. 
(Oinvention  date,  January  '2tith,  1912,  United  States.)  January  15th.  (Com- 
plete.) 

1,163.     "  Incandescent  electric  lamps'"    A.A.Barron.    January  15th. 

1,189.  "Windings  of  dynamo-electric  machinery."  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo 
Works,  Ltd.  (Siemens  Scbuckertwerke  O.m.b.H.  Germany.)  January  15th. 
(Complete.) 

1.198.  "  Direction  indicators  for  machines."  L,  Landi  iKf  Rici  ardi.  (Con- 
vention date.  May  ISth,  1912,  Italy,)    January  15th,    (Complete,) 

1.199,  "  Electric  revolution  counters."  L,  Landi  n<«  Riccakdi,  (Conven- 
tion date,  May  15th,  1912,  Italy,)    January  15th,    (Complete.) 

1,205.  "  Apparatus  for  lighting  vehicles  by  electricity."  T.  W.  Tattebsall, 
January  15th.    (Complete.) 

1,207.  "  Systems  of  voltage  regulation  for  electric  circuits."  A,  H,  Olmstead, 
January  ISth, 

1,218,  "  Vacuum-light  apparatus,"  Moore-Licht  Akt-Qes.  (Convention 
date,  April  i:)th,  1912,  Germauy.)    January  15th,    (Complete,) 

1.222.  "Field-magnets,"    A,  Rolfe,    January  15th. 

1.223.  "Automatic  telephone  exchange  system."  Western  Electric  Co., 
Ltd.    (Friedricb  Wohler,  Germany.)    January  15th.    (Complete.) 

1,243.  "  Electric  clock  mechanisms."  F.  T.  Ueid.  (Divided  application  on 
1,693,  January  22nd,  1912.)    January  12th. 

1,259.    "Telfphone  attachment."    A.  O'Hare.    January  16th. 

1,277.  "  Method  of  rotating  a  magnetic  armature  step  by  step."  Sikmens 
Bros.  &  Co.,  .Ltd.  (Siemens  &  Halske  Akt-Ges.,  Germany.)  January  16th. 
(Complete.) 

1,278  and  1,279.  "  Eleotro-magnetically  operated  sound  emitting  or  calling 
means."    B.  A.  Graham.    January  16th, 

1,281,    "  Spark-plugs,"    C.  H.  Dctrv.    January  16th.    (Complete.) 

1.285.  "Alarm  device  for  announcing  fire  and  burglary."  A.  Bares  and  J. 
Wsiss.    January  16tb.    (Complete.) 

1.286.  "  Shade  or  globe  carrier  for  use  with  electric  lampholders."  M.  J, 
Railin'.  and  G,  Maukick,    January  16th, 

1,299.  "  Devices  for  telephone  exchanges."  Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and 
T.  Pettiorew,    January  10th,    (Complete,) 

1,331,  "  Electric  arc  lamp,'  British  Thomson-Houston  Co,,  Ltd,  (General 
Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    January  16th. 

1,837.  "  Brush-holders  for  dynamo-electric  machines."  T.  Von  Sweioberok. 
January  16tb.    (Complete.) 

1,340,  1,341  and  1,342.  "  Manufacture  of  electric  Incandescent  lamps." 
Naamlooze  Vennotschap  Phillip's  MsTAALoLOEiLAHrLNiAnRiFK.  (Convention 
dates,  December  6tb,  7tli  and  7th,  respectively,  1912,  Germany.)  January  16th, 
(Complete,) 

1,.'143,  "  Machines  for  covering  conductors  with  material,"  G.  Datta. 
(Convention  date,  July  6ril,  1912,  Belgium,)    January  16th,    (Complete.) 

1,395,  "Electric  resonance  operated  apparatus."  H.  W.  Handcock,  A.  H. 
Dykes  and  W.  Dcddell.    January  17th, 

1,407.  "  Connections  lor  continuous  electric  current  apparatus."  F.  Kripp 
Akt-Oes.  (Convention  date,  March  1st,  1012,  Oermanv.)  January  17th. 
(Complete.) 

1,413.  "  Means  for  controlling  electric  circuits."  H.  Lkitner, 
January  17tb. 

1,420,  "Process  of  electrolyaia,"  H.  M.  DC  Bois,  January  17th,  (Com- 
plete,) 

1,433,  "Combined  mechanical  locks  and  electric  circuit  breakers." 
Electromotor  Eklii-uent  Co.,  Lid,,  and  W.  H,  Brennbb,  January  17th, 
(Complete,) 

1,439,     "Electrolytic  cells,"    H,  M.  DU  Boia,    January  17tb.    (Complete,) 

1.441,  "  Electric  resistance  furnaces,"    J,  A,  Scoulab,    January  17«b, 

1.442,  "  Suppirts  (or  the  fllamcnta  of  incandescent  electric  lamps."  J,  M, 
Rocx  and  J,  SANruK/..    January  17lb, 

1,444,    "  Telephonograph,"     E.  Cbabeaitlt.    January  17th.     (Complete.) 
1,449.     "SparKing  plugs."    A.  T.  UcoREv  and    Nilmelior  (Enuland),  Ltd. 

January  17tb. 
1,467.    "Dimmers  for  electric  lamps."     B.  T.  Midolimisb.    January  18th. 
1,471.     "Electric  plug  contact."    E.  M.  Wii.dry.    January  IStb, 
1,4«9.    '•  Primary    and  secondary    electrical    batteries."    F.   J,   TcByrANii. 

January  IBth. 

1,496.  "  Time  awitohei."  H.  F.  J,  Thomi'son  and  J,  H.  Boworn,  January 
ISth.    (Complete,) 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtainod 
of  Messrs,  W,  P.  Thompson  &  Co,,  286,  High  Holbom,  W,C,,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d,  (in  stamps), 


1911. 

Electric  Locking  Devices  for  Locks.  G.  Baliiner.  26,8(1.  November  21th. 
(Addition  to  No.  15,991  of  1109.) 

Elkctkic  Switches.    J.  H.  Whyman.    27,254.     December  5th.    (July  5th,  1912.) 

Elkctrical  EyuiPMENT  of  Roundabouts,  Scenic  Railways  and  the  Like. 
L.  A.  Hackc-tt  and  E.  W.  Whattani.     28,899.     December  22nd, 

Magnetic  Sepabatobs.  Fried.  Krupp  Akt.-Ges.  Qrosonwerk.  29,201.  De- 
cember 2sth.     (January  I2th,  1911.) 

Apparatus  fob  the  Maunktio  Sepabation  of  Ores  and  otheb  Material.  G. 
Ullrich.  39,230.  December  28th.  (AdditioQ  to  No.  14,082  of  1908,  January 
17th,  1911.) 

Eleitrio  Safety  Lamps.    G.A.Dickie.    39,32!.     December  80th. 


1912. 

SioKAOB  Battery  Lamps.    C.  B.  Bartley.    71.    January  let. 

Portable  Unspillable  Electbic  Batteby  Lamps  fob  Use  in  Minis,  Ships  and 

LIKE  Places.    T.  Sparkes.    78.    January  Ist. 
Wireless    Telegraph    Receivebs.      G.    Marconi    and    G.  S,    Franklin,     80, 

January  1st. 
Elf.ctbic  Batteriks,    P.  L.  Liney.    181.    January  2nd. 
Electric  Heating  Elements,    E.  Townshend.    387.    January  &th. 
Telephone  Receiver  Holdeb,     H.Brown.    416.    January  5tb. 
Electric    Controller    Reoblatobs.      H.     Sefton-Jones.      (American    Auto- 

monoteer  Co.)    523.    January  6tb. 
Aerial   Conductors  i  sed    in  Wireless    Telegraphy.     Marconi's    Wireless 

Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  C.  E.  Prince.    2,456.    January  30th.    (Cognate 

application  No.  2,457  of  1912.) 
Electric    Arc    Lamps  of  the   Type  in  which  Carbons    Impregnated  witb 

Chemicals  are  Consumed  in  a  Chamber  substantially  Aihtiout.    B.  A. 

yuint.    3,065.    February  7t)i. 
Locomotives.     British  Thomson-Houston  Co,      (General  Electric  Co,)    8,231, 

February  8th. 
Means  fob  Buppobting  Electric  Lamps,    Byng  i  Collings,    7,187. 
Power    Tr.u(8MISsion    System    for    Driving    a    Dynamo    whose    Electricai, 

Energy  is  scBsEguENTLY  Utilised  for  the  Electric  Propulsion  of  Motob 

Vehicles,  Boats,  Air  ships  or  the  Like,    P.  Marino.    13,780.    June  12(b. 
Induction  Electric  Furnaces.    J.  Bally.     16,040.    July  9th.  ..  (July  Uth,  1911.)' 
Electromagnetic  Track  Brakes.     Magnet  Bremsen  G.m.b.H.     26,396.    Mo-^ 

vember  15th.     (January  9th,  1912.) 
Connection  Apparatus  for  Electric  Circuit  Conductoks.    T.  E.  Murray, 

£6,337.      November  16th.      (Divided   application    on    No.    19,535    of    1918^. 

August  26th.)     (February  9th,  1912.) 
Live  Rails  of  Electric  Roundabouts,  Soknic  Railways  and  the  Like.    L.  A. 

Hackett  and  E.  W.  Whattani.    27,046.     November  25th.     (Divided  applioa- 

tion  on  No.  28,899  of  1911,  December  22nd.) 


Manchester  Electro-Harmonic  Society. — The  fourth 

concert  of  this  excellent  Society  was  held  at  the  Albion  Hotel, 
Manchester,  on  ?'riday,  January  21th,  when  there  were  close  upon  f| 
200  members  and  friends  present.    The  profrramme  included  a  prood>' 
deal  of  higfhly  classical  music,  and  the  performance  was  excep- 
tionally well  received.    The  next  of  these  concerts  will  take  place 
on  Friday,  February  21st,  when  the  artistes  will  be  as  follows  : — 
Solo  violin,  Mr.  .1.  Sedgrwick  Bridge  ;  eolo  'cello,  Mr.  J.  H.  Foulds  ;  ■ 
soloist  (bass),   Mr.   Hamilton    Harris  :    entertainer,    Mr.    Wilfrid^ 
Ludlow  ;  pianist  and  accompanist,  Mr.  E.  Bennett  North.  ■ 

Mr.  H.  Clifford  Palmer  writes  as  follows  respecting  the  evening  :— .* 
"  The  Manchester  Electro-Harmonic  Society  bids  fair  to  become  their 
rqual  of  its  London  parent,  if   not  in   numbers,    at   any  rate  "fn 
quality  of  entertainment.     It  was  my  privilege  on  Friday  evening 
last  to  attend  one  of  these  functions — to  be  exact,  the  fourth  oL, 
their    first    season — ^and    right     merrily    did    the    evening     go.  ," 
Mr.    Dorman    (of     Dorman    &    Smith)    officiated    in    the    chair.' 
Amongst   others,   the  following  well-known  electrical  men  wep** 
present : — Alderman  Walker  (deputy-chairman  of  the  Mancheetet,. 
Electricity   Committee),    Mr.   F.    Sells   (director    of  the    G.E.C.Xv. 
Mr.    Cramp    (11.   Simon    &    Co.),    Mr.    Mnrlor  (Manchester    Cor-', 
poration),  Mr.  H.   B.  Leach,  Mr.  Shaw,   Mr,  Eckstein,   Mr,  \V.  Jijtj 
Smith,  Mr,  J.  Gibson,  and  Mr,  .T.  Hill  (hon.  sec.  of  the  Society); 
An  excellent  programme  was  provided,   including   Mr.  Albert  J^ 
Holt    (solo    tenor,    Manchester     Cathedral),    Mr.     Harold    Jonea 
(solo  violin),  Mr.  T.   Stanley  Greenwood  (humorist),  Mr.  Jacqnei' 
Fortescne  (musical  monologues),  and  Mr.  H.  A.  Palmer  (entertainer).— 

"  The  programme  in  general  was  so  thoroughly  enjoyable  that  it 
is  hardly  fair  to  mention  one  item  without  referring  to  all.  but  it 
might  be  said  that  Mr.  Harold  Jones's  rendering  of  '  Canzetta  '  and 
'  Hejre  Kuti '  were  well  worth  going  many  miles  to  hear.  He  quit« 
'  brought  the  house  down.'  At  the  conclusion  of  the  evening,  Mr. 
F.  Sells,  in  a  few  well-chosen  words,  proposed  a  vote  of  thanks  to 
the  chairman,  which  was  seconded  by  Mr.  Leach,  and  responded  to 
in  a  very  cordial  manner.  These  evenings.  I  was  given  to  under- 
stand, have  become  very  popular,  and  I  could  testify  to  the 
extremely  hospitable  nature  of  our  worthy  electrical  ron/n'rr.^  in 
Manchester.  These  institutions  in  the  provinces  are  calculated  to 
promote  amongst  all  sections  of  the  industry  that  isprit  dt 
nirj/.i  which,  after  all,  is  highly  desirable  if  we  are  to  foster  the 
spirit  of  co-operative  effort,  the  seeds  for  which  are  now  beinfr 
Bown.  li  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  other  large  indnstrial  centrei 
in  the  provinces  will  follow  suit," 


'JTXIES 


EIXjECTI^ICJ^Xj    I?/EA7"IE^W. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


KKI^IUIARY  7,  191:5. 


'  No.  l,««r. 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


UNIVEIISTTIES     ANJJ 


\I)K. 


Vol.  IjXXII. 


CONTENTS  :  February  7, 1010. 


[No.  I,8a7. 
PaKB 

UiiivorBities  and  Trade       205 

MinitlKT  Matters        206 

CorreBpondence : — 

Tenting' the  Continuity  of  Karth  Conductors  (iJ/ia.)       ...  208 

The  Case  of  the  Sub-Man      208 

Electricity  in  Agriculture     208 

The  I.E.E.  Discussions  208 

Prooeedinus  of  Institutions  : — 

Independent  Steam  Condensinfj  Plants  (iiZw*.)      ...         ...  20;t 

Our  Lepal  Query  Column 212 

Business  Notes        21S 

Notes 220 

The  Power  Station  at  Lienfos,  Norway  {illnx.') 223 

Electricity  in  Constructional  Work  (illtig.)        225 

Crystalate  in  the  Making:  (J.llns.) 227 

City  Notes 229 

Stocks  and  Shares 234 

Electric  Tramway  and  Railway  Traffic  Returns  234 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         235 

Metal  Market. — Fluctuations  in  .January  237 

Notes  from  Canada 237 

Graphs    in  a    Cable-Ship    Drum-Room  :    Notes    for    .Junior 

Aasist&ntB  iillns.')  (,continiied) 238 

Legal 240 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  Villus.)      242 

Reviews         243 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 244 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     244 

Contractors'  Column         Advertisement  pages  xxiv,  xxvi  and  xxviii 

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In  tlio  .laniiiiry  jhhik;  of  tlic  Ilcriiw  of  /t'rrii/rx,  Mr.  II.  K. 
Morgan  pleaded  for  tlie  building  of  a  half-way  lioiiw:  lK;twcen 
the  University  and  the  city  oHice,  to  servo  the  purixwc  of  a 
sort  of  superior  Labour  Exchange  for  introducing  buddiog 
talent  to  remunerative  einploynaeiit  in  trade  and  commerce. 
The  article  has  given  rise  to  some  newspaper  comment  of  a 
very  similar  character  to  that  which  was  made  a  short 
time  ago  in  consequence  of  the  observations  of  (he  chairman 
of  one  of  our  large  electrical  companies.  In  all  these 
discussions,  it  seems  to  be  accepted  that  there  is  some 
special  virtue  in  University  training,  and  some  special 
repugnance  to  embarking  in  commercial  work  on  the  part 
of  those  who  have  received  such  training.  Clearly  there  is  a 
contradiction  here.  If  the  latter  be  true,  there  must  be 
something  defective  in  the  training,  and  the  Universities 
have  not  advanced  with  the  times  in  teaching  the  dignity  of 
labour,  or  the  estimation  of  merit  by  results,  rather  than  by 
inheritance  or  environment.  Cobbett  cannot  be  regarded 
as  one  quite  capable  of  expressing  the  general  opinion  of 
his  day,  but  his  own  opinion,  recently  rejiublished,  found 
utterance  in  the  phrase  :  •'  I  know  what  your  collet/c 
gentlemen  are.  They  always  have,  and  will  have,  the 
iusoMce  to  think  themselves  our  beltrrs  ;  and  our 
superior  talents  and  industry  and  power  and  weight 
only  excite  their  envy."  English  public  schools  and 
Universities  have  a  fine  record,  but  the  raw  material 
can  go  through  both  without  acquiring  either  strength 
or  finish.  In  consequence,  the  mere  fact  of  University 
training  is  no  proof  of  fitness  for  a  business  or  any  other 
career,  and  it  is  high  time  the  idea  that  tone  and 
character  may  be  bought  by  an  expensive  education 
should  be  abandoned.  But  it  is  more  than 
high  time  to  recognise  also  that  higher  education  is 
now  a  necessity  in  any  branch  of  bread-winning.  In  the 
prevailing  deprecatory  attitude  of  the  average  English  mind, 
it  is  the  foreign  example  which  is  held  up  for  comparison  ; 
but  it  is  doubtful  whether  the  appreciation  of  education  in 
Germany  to-day  is  higher  than  it  was  in  Scotland  a  century 
ago,  or  even  in  England  three  centuries  earlier,  when  Gresham, 
the  founder  of  the  Exchange  which  Queen  Elizabeth  pro- 
claimed as  "  Royal,"  was  sent  to  Cambridge  to  acquire  the 
education  then  considered  suitable  for  a  merchant  of 
London.  It  is,  however,  true  that  the  English 
University  for  generations  has  been  the  favoured  resort 
of  the  wealthy,  or  the  necessary  qualifying  ground  of 
the  serious  student  who  was  unable  to  pass  into  the 
Church,  the  Law,  or  other  profession,  except  through  its 
portals.  In  other  words,  the  University  has  been  expensive 
and  exclusive.  Small  wonder,  then,  if  some  old-time  pre- 
judices still  remain.  But  what  shall  be  said  for  the  manager 
of  an  Employment  Agency,  who  .'>uggests  in  the  Stflndard 
that  the  office  hand  from  the  University  should  be  given 
special     privileges    over    his     less    favoured    colleagues  ? 


[205] 


206 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.  72.  No.  1,837,  febbuaby  7, 1913. 


Such  a  suggestion  is,  in  itself,  a  reflection  on  University 
training,  for  it  indicates  a  reliance  on  the  source  of  an 
education  rather  than  on  the  education  itself.  If  the 
I'niversity  man  is  not,  as  a  result  of  his  training, 
capable  of  proving  his  superior  ability,  it  is  folly  to 
encourage  him  into  any  new  path  by  holding  out  induce- 
ments in  the  form  of  special  privileges.  He  must  take  his 
chance  with  the  rest,  and  rise  or  fall  in  accordance  with  bis 
capacity  and  character. 

Some  further  comments  on  this  question  would  almost 
lead  to  the  impression  that  the  educated  business  man  is  the 
exception  rather  than  the  rule.  In  fact,  the  business  men 
of  England  differ  but  little  from  the  business  men  of  other 
countries,  except,  perhaps,  in  one  respect — in  comparison 
with  their  Continental  fellows  they  have  been  too  often  content 
to  limit  their  linguistic  attainments.  This  is  to  be  traced 
to  the  simple  fact  that  the  English  language  carries  further 
than  any  other,  but  the  international  relationship  of  British 
commerce  reriuires  that  a  greater  attention  should  be  given 
to  this  matter,  and  the  education  of  the  day  is  tending  to 
remedy  the  undoubted  defect.  The  successful  business  man 
is  as  varied  in  other  countries  as  in  Great  Britain.  There 
are  types  everywhere  of  the  cultivated  and  of  the  less  well- 
educated,  but  shrewd  and  capable  men,  whose  progress  may 
be  ascribed  to  instinct  rather  than  to  culture,  to  perception 
of  an  opportunity  rather  than  to  the  absorption  of  knowledge 
from  books. 

The  University  man  in  business  is,  as  we  have  seen,  no  new 
feature  at  home,  even  if,  as  probably  is  the  case,  other  countries 
have  in  recent  years  outstripped  us.  Men  of  middle  age  will 
remember  an  inquiry  in  Parliament  in  the  seventies  regarding 
the  appointment  of  a  head  to  the  Stationery  Office,  which 
was  regarded  as  a  "  job "  because  the  appointee  had  no 
previous  experience  of  the  work.  They  will  remember,  too, 
the  vindication  by  a  member  of  the  Oovernment,  who  was 
then  Mr.  "\V.  H.  Smith,  and  who  related  that  he  had 
placed  at  the  head  of  his  own  immense  business  a 
gentleman  from  one  of  the  Universities  who  was  entirely  new 
to  the  work,  but  carried  it  out  with  results  which  were 
eminently  satisfactory.  Business  generally  has  grown  so 
that  in  all  departments  a  wider  outlook  is  necessary.  Experi- 
ence in  a  particular  groove  is  still  of  value,  but  the  changes 
are  more  frequent,  and  there  must  be  such  mental  culture  as 
will  enable  the  operative  in  a  business  house  to  acquire  in  a 
short  time  by  observation  what  has  hitherto  been  acquired  in 
a  long  time  by  experience.  Whether  this  mental  culture  is 
obtained  in  a  University  or  elsewhere  is  immaterial,  so  long 
as  it  is  there. 

AVe  doubt  whether  any  exceptional  agencies  are  needed 
to  bring  together  the  office  and  the  man.  If  the 
student  from  the  University  directs  his  steps  to  the  pro- 
fessions, it  is  because  he  sets  his  hopes  upon  their  rewards. 
"  It  is  written  in  the  unalterable  laws  of  human  nature  that 
no  trade  shall  continue  to  be  at  the  same  time  lucrative  and 
easy."  Widen  the  meaning  of  "  trade  "  to  include  what 
are  known  as  the  learned  professions,  and  the  explanation  of 
the  trend  of  students  is  simple  enough.  True,  not  all 
exponents  of  the  professions  find  lucrative  employment,  but 
those  who  ttrive  to  enter  think  not  of  the  average  but  of  the 
fortunate  exceptions.  Commerce  is  becoming  more  complex, 
it  requires  in  its  votaries  a  broader  culture.  The  market 
price  will  rise  and  the  stream  of  talent  will  tend  without 
artificial  assistance  to  fill  the  vacant  places. 

Of  far  greater  importance  is  it  that  the  need  for  higher 
education  should  be  recognised,  that  its  acquirement  should 
be  within  the  reach  of  the  many  and  not  limited  by  reason 
of  its  cost  to  tlie  few.  International  competition  is  influenced 
largely,  but  not  entirely,  by  education.  May  we  not  gay 
that  our  endowments  or  our  opportunities  have  stood  us  in 
good  stead  in  spite  of  our  tardy  recognition  of  education's 
advantages  ?  AVhen  it  is  remembered  that  compulsory 
education  in  England  dates  only  from  the  Act  of  ]H70,  it  will 
l>e  seen  how  much  we  are  behind  our  active  competitors,  and 
liow  important  it  is  to  givi^  every  possible  encouragement  to 
those  who  seek  to  redress  tlie  balance.  In  technical  educa- 
tion we  have   made   remarkable   strides   largely  by  reason 


of  the  developments  in  electrical  and  general  engineering. 
The  City  and  Guilds  and  other  similar  institutions  in 
London,  and  their  counterparts  in  the  provinces,  have  done, 
and  are  doing,  educational  work  of  the  highest  importance. 
The  qualifying  examinations  require  a  fairly  liberal  general 
education,  and  the  courses  of  instruction  ensure  to  any 
capable  and  industrious  student  a  training  which  fits  him  to 
embark  upon  any  engineering  enterprise.  The  standard  has 
been  raised,  and  there  is  no  longer  any  chance  for  the 
incompetent  or  untrained  in  such  work.  There  are  evi- 
dences also  that  this  standard  of  culture  is  overflowing  into 
the  commercial  ranks,  so  that  the  opportunities  for  Univer- 
sity men  to  feel  any  marked  superiority,  if  they  ever 
existed,  are  becoming  less  and  less.  One  other  change  is 
going  on  also  in  commercial  circles.  It  is  the  endeavour 
to  promote  by  merit.  The  tendency  may  be  accelerated 
with  advantage,  but  it  would  be  a  great  misfortune 
if  the  old-time  promotion  by  seniority  were  replaced  by  a 
favouritism  for  the  product  of  a  particular  school.  The 
University  man  must  establish  his  position,  if  at  all,  by  his 
"  superior  talents  and  industry  and  power  and  weight." 


MINING    MATTERS. 


Ix  the  House  of  Commons  recently  the  Prime  ^linister  said, 
in  reply  to  a  question,  "  Prices  of  coal  have,  no  doubt,  risen 
since  the  passing  of  the  Coal  Mines  (Minimum  Wage)  Act," 
and  he  might  have  further  said,  had  he  been  aware  of  the 
fact,  that  some  wages  had  gone  down  while  others  had  gone 
up,  the  latter,  of  course,  at  the  expense  of  the  former.  As 
a  matter  of  fact,  individual  good  workmen  who  had  the 
confidence  of  the  management  are,  in  many  cases,  earning 
less  wages  than  they  might  otherwise  have  been  paid,  whilst 
others  have  had  added  to  their  actual  earnings  each  week  a 
certain  sum  to  make  them  up  to  the  minimum  wages.  The 
minimum  wage  set  up  by  Act  of  Parliament  forms  a 
standard,  and  as  this  can  be  demanded  by  the  workman,  the 
management  cannot  be  blamed  for  doing  all  in  their  pow(r 
to  see  that  he  gets  no  more.  Wages  don't  grow  on  trees, 
and  they  must  be  earned  by  someone,  or  they  cannot  be 
paid,  hence  the  actual  working  of  the  Act  results  in  the 
good  man  having  to  suffer  for  his  poorer  mate.  We  do  not 
think  it  is  likely  to  be  continued  after  the  end  of  the  three 
years'  period  fixed  by  the  Act,  and  there  will  be,  in  all 
likelihood,  local  disturbances  when  the  rules  and  rates  fixed 
under  the  Act  c(  me  up  for  revision  at  the  end  cf  the  firtt 
year. 

The  Minimum  Wage  Act  was,  of  course,  brought  in  to 
cobble  up  the  consequences  of  the  Eight  Hours'  Act,  which 
was  the  immediate  cause  of  the  men  earning  less  wage?. 
"With  shorter  hours  of  labour,  less  coal  was  produced  by  the 
individual  workman,  and  in  order  to  maintain  the  same  out- 
put more  men  had  to  be  employed,  but  naturally  there  was 
— with  the  same  output — the  same  amount  of  money  to  1  ( 
divided  amongst  the  workmen,  and  as  there  were  more  of 
the  latter,  the  "portions"  were  less — which,  to  say  the 
least,  was  very  disappointing  and  not  at  all  anticipated  by 
our  friend  the  miner.  Hence  the  Minimum — or  "  minium," 
as  it  is  more  commonly  designated — Wage  Act.  Really, 
when  one  considers  the  fallacies  upon  which  these  two  Acts 
are  based,  one  cannot  help  thinking  that  there  must  lie  some- 
thing after  all  in  the  pitman's  plan  for  remedying  the  evils 
arising  from  a  first  "  levelling  "  dM',  by  "  levelling " 
again.       The   next    step    in    the    miner's    propaganda   is 


I 


Vol.72.  No.  1,837,  FKHunAUY  7,101.1.1      TTIK    RLECTRICAri    REVIEW. 


207 


"  livo  "  workiiif,'  ihiyH  per  wwU,  wbidi  will  liuve  lIk^  illVrL  of 
further  raiHiiif^  tlio  price  of  coiil,  and  following;  tliiH  is 
"  nationnlisatioii "  of  the  coal  mincH,  which  latter  is  fully 
expected  to  yield  p;o()d  wogcH  for  very  little  work,  if,  in  fa'-t, 
any  w'ork  at  all  is  found  to  be  necessary. 

In  the  report  of  the  Chief  Inspector  of  Mines  (I'urt  II  j 
we  are  tohl  that  the  Eif^ht  Hours' A(i  is  wcrkinfj;/W/r/// sntis- 
factorily,  even  in   Nortlminherland  and    Durham,  with   tlie 
exception  tliat  "  the  cessation  cf  work  late  in  the  day  on 
Saturdays   still    constitutes   a  grievance    in   Fomc   parts  of 
Durham,  and  especially   in  the  Clcsveland  ironstone  mining 
district  of  Xorth  Yorkshire."     This,  however,  is   very  far 
from  the  true  state  of  the  case,  and  it  is  perfectly  well  known 
that  the  "  three-shift    system,"  whi(;h   is  being  worked  at 
some  of  the  collieries  in   Northumberland,  is  anything  but 
satisfactory    to  the   workmen,   and  at  the  present  moment 
the   whole   county   is   being   "  stumped "     by    the   miners' 
leaders  to  instigate  a  strike  of  all  the  miners  against  the 
system.     A  ballot  is  to  be  taken  shortly,  and  there  is  a  very 
grave  fear  that  it  will  be  in  the  affirmative.     Durham  is 
expected  to  follow  the  lead  of  Northumberland,  so  that  both 
counties, are  involved   in  this  question.     The  owners  affirm 
that   the   pits   cannot    be   worked   profitably  unless  there 
are    three    shifts    of    hewers,    as    the    hewers     of    these 
two    counties     only     work     from     Oil     to     seven    hours, 
as  against  the  full    eight    hours    in   all   other  districts — 
hence  the  difficulty  in  arranging  the  working  of  the   mine 
to  suit  the    difference   between  the  hours  worked   by   the 
hewers  and  by  those  engaged  in  removing  the  coal  from  the 
workings  to  the  surface,  who  work  eight  hours.    1  he  owners 
have  offered  to  do  away  with  the  multiple-shift  system  if 
the  hewers  will  conform  with  the  Act  and  work  an  eight 
hours'  shift,  but  this  reasonable  demand  they  will  not  for  a 
moment  entertain.     The  Government  were  fully  cognisant 
of  the  difficulties  in  connection  with  these  two  counties,  as 
the  law  did  not  take  effect  there  until  six  months  after  it  had 
become  operative  in  all  other  districts.     The  only  advan- 
tages— if  they  can  be  termed  such — were  the  reduction  of 
the  hours  of  the  "  lads  "  and  "  off-hand  "  men,  who,  pre- 
viously to  the  introduction  of  the  Act,  worked  from  nine  to 
10  hours,  but  if  they  started   at   six   in  the   morning  they 
left  off  at  four  in  the    afternoon,    and  every   day  was   the 
same.     Under  the  Act  it  is  true  they  work  two  hours  less, 
but   some   start  at   six   and   finish  at  two,  others  start  at 
two  in  the  afternoon  and  finish  at  10  at  night,  whilst  the 
hewers  may  be  on  either  day  shift  or   night  shift,  and  the 
whole  of  their  social   and  home  life   is  dislocated.     The 
"lads"  would  readily  agree   to  go  back  to  the  10  hours' 
shift  if  they  were  allowed  to  do  so.     What  will  be  the  out- 
come none  can  say,  but  certainly  the  outlook  for   North- 
umberland,   with    its    old    and    nearly  worked-out   mines, 
depending  solely  upon  an  export  trade  for  its  existence,  is 
anything    but  bright   at  present.      Such   is  the   effect   of 
"  pitiful "  legislation. 

As  regards  the  use  of  electricity  in  mines,  we  are  glad  to 
note  that  this  is  steadily  increasing.  Under  Rule  15  of  the 
Electricity  Special  Rules  (1905)  notices  have  to  be  given, 
when  electricity  is  newly  introduced  into  a  mine,  to  the 
Inspctors  of  Mines  for  the  different  districts,  and  46  such 
notices  were  given  in  1911,  as  against  40  in  1910.  It  is 
also  interesting  to  note  that  Scotland  takes  the  lead  with  20, 
and  South  Wales  follows  with  13.  These  rules  merely 
require  that  notice  of  its  introduction  shall  be  given  without 
any  particulars  of  the  plant  being  asked  for,  and,  as  a  rule, 
none  are  given,  but  under  the  uew  Coal  Mines  Act,  1911, 
full  particulars  are  to  be  given,  so  that  a  complete  classifica- 
tion of  the  different  systems  of  distribution,  together  with  a 
measure  of  the  growth  of  the  use  of  electricity  in  mines,  will 
be  possible.  Such  particulars  as  have  been  given  show  that 
high-pressure  alternating-current  has  been  introduced  into 
five  mines,  medium-pressure  alternating-current  into  11 
mines,  [medium-pressure  direct-current  into  13  mines,  and 


low-|ircHHurr  direct-furrcnt  into  four  milieu.  In  the  lii»t- 
niimcd  ca.H(),  liowcvor,  the  current  woh  only  uw-d  for  lighting 
purjtoHCs.  The  number  of  ele<trically-<!riven  cfjal-cuttent  in 
use  at  tlie  end  of  19 II  whh  99x,  I)eing  an  incrouc  of  l^ri 
over  those  in  use  at  tin'  <iid  of  1910. 

As  regards  accidents  due  to  electricity,  it  in  regrettable  to 
notice  that  1  1  fatal  accidents  wore  reported  to  the  InsfiectorH, 
causing  in  all  15  deuths.  Two  of  thefc  atX'identJi  (aiuHing 
three  deaths,  however,  though  reported  to  and  invf^tigatwl 
by  the  Inspector,  had.  strictly  sfieaking,  no  connection  with 
electricity  in  or  about  mines.  There  were,  therefore,  12 
deaths,  as  against  21  in  tin'  previous  year,  whii-h  is  very 
satisfactory  indeed.  As  we  pro[)osc  to  deal  with  these  acci- 
dents in  some  detail  in  a  sej)arate  article  shortly,  we  need  not 
enter  into  this  question  further  now,  beyond  noting  that,  with 
one  exception  which  was  due  to  burns  f»)llowing  -in  ignition  of 
gas  in  a  motor  room,  all  the  accidents  were  due  to  electric 
shock.  The  Klectrical  Inspector  of  Mines  also  points  out 
that  "  the  provision  of  proper  connections  to  earth  might 
have  been  the  meafis  of  preventing  six  of  the  accidents,  or 
two-thirds  of  the  total  number."  There  were  also  41  non- 
fatal electric  shock  accidents,  many  of  which  were  trifling  in 
their  results,  but  in  four  of  the  cases  the  victim.s  were 
unconscious  for  some  time. 

Three  underground  fires  were  caused  by  electricity' 
exactly  the  same  number  as  in  1910,  fortunately  without  loss 
of  life,  and  in  another  case  an  explosion  of  coal  dust  in  a 
coal  crusher  house  on  the  surface  was  traced  to  the  short- 
circuiting  of  one  of  the  armature  coils,  which  resulted  in 
excessive  sparking.  Fortunately,  no  one  was  hurt,  the 
building  was  fire-proof,  and  no  great  amount  of  damage  was 
done.  With  the  introduction  of  the  new  electricity  rules 
which  came  into  force  on  March  9th  last  in  all  coal  mines, 
and  on  September  29th  in  all  metalliferous  mines,  and  which 
require  more  care  and  attention  in  the  installation  and  use 
of  electricity,  a  proper  earthing  system,  and  a  sound 
mechanical  construction  of  all  apparatus,  we  hope  to  see 
electrical  accidents — fatalities,  at  any  rate — reduced  to  7u'f. 
The  number  for  19  J 1  is  far  too  great,  but  it  will  afford 
some  little  satisfaction  to  know  that  it  represents  only  one 
per  cent,  of  the  fatal  accidents  in  mines  due  to  all  causes 
during  the  year  1911. 


Gbent  International  ExhibitioD. — Those  responsible 

for  the  arrangements  for  the  Ghent  International  Exhibi- 
tion have  seen  to  it  that  fire  risk  will  be  at  an 
absolute  minimum.  They  have  profited  by  the  lessons  learnt 
from  the  disastrous  fire  at  the  Brussels  Exhibition  of  1910. 
There  the  disaster  was  largely  due  to  the  failure  of  the  water 
supply,  so  at  Ghent  a  powerful  supply  has  been  installed  quite  dis- 
tinct from  all  other  water  supplies,  and  the  grounds  are  mined  in 
all  directions  by  water  mains,  the  largest  of  which  are  300  milli- 
metres, while  the  greater  number  are  200  and  150  millimetres  in 
diameter.  These  mains  serve  the  hydrants  scattered  throughout 
the  grounds  and  pavilions.  In  no  part  of  the  whole  Exhibition,  the 
authorities  state,  are  two  adjoining  hydrants  more  than  50  metres 
apart,  the  average  distance  being  considerably  less.  The  water  supply 
is  derived  from  the  River  Scheldt  by  means  of  large  automatic 
pumps  at  a  pressure  of  five  atmospheres,  and  the  hydrants  will 
consequently  be  capable  of  throwing  water  to  the  top  of  any  of  the 
buildings.  That  the  supply  will  be  adequate  in  quantity  is  vouched 
for  by  the  fact  that  these  pumps  can  supply  600  cubic  metres  of 
water  per  hour.  But  the  greatest  safety  from  fire  lies  in  the  fact 
that  all  buildings  are  isolated,  and  in  no  place  less  than  10  metres 
apart,  while  in  practically  all  cases  they  are  much  more.  A  special 
fire  brigade  station  is  also  being  installed  by  the  municipal  fire 
brigade  in  the  centre  of  the  Exhibition,  and  equipped  with  motor 
fire  engines  and  a  staff  of  25  men.  This  brigade  will  be  able  to 
reach  all  parts  of  the  Exhibition  owing  to  the  space  between  the 
buildings,  .and  will  also  be  independent  of  the  water  supply  from 
the  mains  owing  to  the  artificial  lakes  in  the  grounds.  A  supply  of 
electric  fire  alarms  connecting  with  the  fire  station  will  also  te  in 
operation  just  as  in  the  London  streets,  while  hand  extinguishers 
will  be  placed  in  all  buildings.  The  British  Section  will  have  yet 
another  safeguard — and  one  of  the  greatest— in  the  fact  that  the 
floors  are  laid  direct  upon  the  ground  and  all  platforms  packed 
with  earth,  preventing  the  spreading  of  fire  in  the  space  below  the 
flooring  and  confining  a  fire  to  where  it  can  be  reached  at  once. 

Canadian   Inqoiry. —  Among  the  inquiries  relating  to 

Canadian  trade  recently  received  at  the  oflBce  of  the  High  Com- 
missioner for  Canada,  1  7,  Victoria  Street,  London.  S  W.,  was  one 
from  a  Montreal  importer,  who  desires  to  receive  quotations  from 
United  Kingdom  manufacturers  of  high-class  machinery,  iron  and 
eteel  pipes,  and  all  lines  used  by  steam  and  electric  railways, 
municipal  and  other  engineers. 

D 


'208 


THE    ELECTEICAL    EEVIEW.    LVoi.72.  No.  1,337,  fzbruarv  7, 1913.  ^^ 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

lMt»r»  receitfid  hy  ut  after  5  p.m.  ON  Tuesday  cannot  appear  utUil 
th«  following  week.  Corre.spmtd4inti  should  forward  their  comm-uni- 
catioHt  at  th«  earliest  possible  vtometU.  No  letter  can  he  puhlisked 
vnlfis  um  hare  the  writer's  name  and  address  in  (mr  possession. 


TesliDff  the  Continuity  of  Earth  Conductors. 

ReplyiufT  to  "'  Coutinuity  "  re  the  testinj;  of  earthuig  con- 
ductors ami  the  metallic  coverings  for  continuity,  the 
niftliod  of  testing  depends  somewhat  upon  the  arrangement 
of  the  earthing  system.  I  presume  the  metallic  covering 
would  lie  liondcd  together  to  give  continuity  throughout,  and 
the  si/.e  of  the  earth  conductor  would  be  such  as  to  meet  the 
particular  requirements,  in  accordance  with  the  Home  OthcL' 
rules.  Tiierefore,  the  only  difficulty  is  in  establishing  a  good 
"  earth  "  connection,  with  facilities  for  testing  the  game  from 
time  to  time. 

The  metallic  covering  would  be  connected  to  a  main  earth 
plate  at  the  surface,  and  also  to  earth  plates  or  an  earth  wire 
at  several  points  in  the  mine,  according  to  local  conditions. 

For  testing  purposes,  a  second  earth  plate  should  be  pro- 
vided at  the  surface,  at  a  convenient  distance  from  the  first, 
'["he  same  should  also  be  done  in  the  mine.  Every  care 
should  be  taken  to  see  that  a  good  earth  connection  is  made. 

A  bridge  test  can  now  be  made  between  the  auxiliary 
earth  plates  and  various  points  of  the  earthing  system,  as 


EABTh     PL«rE!>    FOR     TESTING 


shown  on  the  diagram.  If  a  water  pipe  is  convenient  at  the 
surface,  a  further  check  can  be  made. 

When  making  tests,  see  that  all  connections  are  good,  and 
also  allow  for  resistance  of  lead.  The  arrangement  also 
allows  of  a  more  rough  and  ready  method  of  testing. 

When  a  good  earth  has  been  established,  the  resistance 
between  the  earth  plates  can  be  taken  periodically,  and  any 
rise  in  the  resistance  should  be  noted. 

The  metallic  co\  erings  should  have  copper  bonds  across 
all  joints  or  junctions  in  the  cables,  and  all  connections  to 
the  earthing  system  should  be  well  made. 

When  permissible,  bad  joints  and  connections  can  be 
detected  by  the  use  of  a  portable  battery  and  sensitive 
nstrnment,  taking  the  drop  across  the  connection. 


B.  T.  Da  vies. 


.Swansfii,  Fihiuanj  Zrd,  11)13. 


The  Case  of  the  Snb'Man. 

I  should  like  to  say  a  few  words  in  connection  with  the 
controversy  at  present  waging  in  your  columns  between 
sub-men  and  wiremen,  also  r-e  the  formation  of  the  A.E.S.E. 

Primarily,  what  would  happen  if  all  the  present  sub-men 
were  to  deliver  an  ultimatum  to  their  chiefs,  to  the  effect 
that,  unless  they  got  a  better  living  wage,  they  would  resign 
their  positions  'f  Supposing  their  chiefs  refused  to  consider 
this,  whick  is  more  than  probable,  I  think  the  snb-men 
would  find  their  places  filled  up  almost  immediately  hy 
competent,  well-educated  men,  whether  they  be  college  men 
or  wiremen,  well  able  to  adequately  carry  out  all  the 
necessary  duties  required  of  them. 

Secondarily,  on  examination  of  the  modern  power  station 
and  the  duties  required  of  sub-men,  we  liud  that  modern 
running  plant,  if  kept  clean  and  well  oiled,  needs  practically 
no  attention.  Should  a  fault  in  it  chance  to  develop,  all  the 
education  in  the  world  would  not  prevent  it.  If  of  a 
mechanical  nature,  then  the  sense  of  hearing  would  probably 
give  the  iir.st  iudiciticn  of  trouble  ;  by  this  means  also  it 


could  be  lo(;ated  and  then,  if  possible,  rectified.  Jf,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  fault  is  of  an  electrical  nature,  then  the 
only  means  of  detecting  this  would  be  by  daily  testing  the 
ohmic  resistance  of  the  insulation,  this  not  being  a  very 
intricate  matter,  as  it  only  requires  a  good  sense  of  seeing, 
as  the  ohms  and  megohms  are  usually  jirinted  accurately  on 
the  instrument  employed.  This  may  prevent  a  fault 
developing,  but  in  the  majority  of  cases  does  not,  as  faults 
have  the  bad  habit  of  happening  unexjiectedly.  j 

Now  these  two  senses  of  hearing  and  seeing  are,  as  a  rule, 
developed  in  one  man  as  much  as  in  another,  be  he  a  college 
man  or  a  wireman.  After  all  this  comes  the  ability  of  the 
sub-man  to  keep  logs,  which,  even  to  the  working  out  of 
load  fact<irs  and  the  plotting  of  load  curves,  is  not  such  a 
very  brainy  matter.  Do  not  think  I  am  running  down  the 
fact  of  a  sub-man  having  brains;  I  am  only  trying  to 
exjx)se  the  want  of  scope  to  employ  such  brains  in  such 
duties.  Consequently,  my  advice  is,  "  If  your  situation 
suits  you,  keep  it ;  if  not,  you  know  the  remedy." 

To  put  the  whole  matter  in  a  nutshell,  electrical  engineer- 
ing in  this  country  is  overcrowded  and  becoming  more  so 
every  day,  there  not  being  an  equivalent  outlet  in  the  erec- 
tion of  power  stations  to  hold  the  surplus. 

Trans/or iiiatio)). — The  A.E.S.E.  have,  I  think,  solved  the 
crux  of  the  situation.  By  forming  this  association  they 
may  eventually  improve  existing  matters  considerably ;  at 
any  rate,  at  present  they  will  fill  a  want  which  is  much 
felt,  by  allowing  an  outlet  for  a  considerable  amount  of 
surplus  brains  and  energy  in  the  compiling  and  the  dis- 
cussing of  interesting  and  instructive  papers,  and  thus 
should  go  a  long  way  in  upholding  the  subman's  welfare  and 
status.     Wishing  the  Association  every  success, 

W.  G.  R. 


Electricity  in  Agriculture. 

You  recently  published  an  account  of  successful  results 
following  the  application  of  electricity  to  farm  crops  on  a 
farm  at  Petrovic,  near  J^rague. 

It  may  interest  your  readers  to  know  that  this  installation 
is  arranged  on  the  system  introduced  by  ourselves,  and  that 
the  apparatus  used  was  supplied  by  us  to  Messrs.  Elektrizitats 
Aktien-Gesellschaft  (formerly  Kolben  &  Co.),  of  Prague, 
who  erected  the  plant,  and  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  a 
confirmation  of  the  report  which  you  have  published.  They 
also  promise  to  send  us  a-  more  detailed  report  of  the  results 
in  a  short  time. 


The  Agricultural  Electric  Discharge  Co.,  Ltd. 

J.  E.  Newman,  General  Manager, 

Gloucester,  January  Zlst,  1913. 


The  I.E.E.  Discussions. 


I  was  interested  to  read  the  letter  from  "  Battery  "  on  the 
above  subject  in  your  current  issue,  and  I  can  quite  endorse 
his  remarks. 

I  was  not  present  at  the  meeting  to  which  he  refers,  but  I 
remember  an  occasion  last  year,  when  a  member  (unknown 
to  me)  was  speaking,  when  suddenly  the  President  rose  and 
requested  him  (I  had  almost  said  "  ordered  "  him)  to  reserve 
the  rest  of  his  remarks  till  the  next  meeting,  and  declared 
the  discussion  adjourned.  The  time  was  !t.30  exactly,  and 
from  the  speaker's  remarks  I  think  it  must  have  been  evident 
to  anyone  that  another  2  minutes  at  the  outside  would  have 
enabled  him  to  finish  what  he  had  to  say.  The  member 
was  evidently  rather  disgusted,  and  I  think  it  very  doubtful 
whether  those  remarks  were  ever  concluded. 

Personally,  I  considered  the  President's  abrupt  inter- 
ruption not  only  very  tactless  and  discourteous,  but  absolutely 
rnde,  as  I  could  not,  and  cannot,  see  why  he  should  not  ha  v. 
waited  a  minute  or  two  longer,  and  adjourned  the  meeting 
at  the  end  of  the  member's  remarks. 

I  have  attended  a  good  many  meetings  of  other  Societies 
and  Institutions  besides  those  of  the  Electrical  Engineers, 
both  in  London  and  the  provinces,  but  have  never  .seen  any- 
thing (juite  the  same. 

Why  this  catt-iron  "  Curtain  at  9.30  sharp  "  ? 


Vol.  73.   No.  i,8;t7,  FEBKUAiiY  7,  loi.s.]    THE    ELECTRICAL    KKVIKW. 


iOii 


'I'licio  is  only  oiui  coiiclimion,  but  tboHo  whom  we  honour 
ly  pliicinfj  in  tlid  cliair,  if  1k)1'(m1  by  the  diHcnssion  of  ii 
ubjt:t;t  whicli  docs  not  inturoHt  tliein,  nii^ht  surely  iiHk  some 
tluT  incinbiT  to  ttikf  their  plaw. 

OnicifH. 

I  Without  expressing  any  view  us  to  wbetlier  the;  discua- 
ions  should  be  closed  at  !).;iO  or  not,  we  nuist,  in  justice  to 
lie  I'residenLs  of  the  Institution,  ('niiiiiaticully  stutc  that  in 
lany  years'  experience  of  the  I.K.l'l.  uieetinj^s,  we  have 
ever  known  tlu;  occupant  of  the  chair  to  be  wantiiij^'  in 
Durtesy  to  speakers  in  discussions.  On  the  contrary,  the 
ktter  lia\e  often  been  allowed  to  exceed  their  fair  allowance 
f  time,  owin<^  to  the  reluctance  of  the  chairnuui  to  inter- 
ene,  and  we  have  witnessed  many  instances  in  which  th<' 
peaker,  after  receiving  a  gentle  hint  tliat  his  time  was  up. 
as  continued  his  remarks  in  open  disregard  of  the  chair- 
lan's  warning.  The  discourtesy  is  on  tlie  other  side. — 
Ins.  H.R.  I 


of  oporutiuK  thu  uir  and  water  puiii|iii  i»  lower,  due  Vt  th»  fact  that 
the  condunnlDts'  wator  in  kept  out  of  the  vacuum  chajutier  of  tha 
coiideiiHer. 

A  point  whioh  reqiiiroii  oarof  ul  ooniideration  b«for«  daoidLnir  uu  a 
tiurfRix-  type  of  plant  Ih  thi-  liability  to  corroiilon  or  pitting  (,t 
'■oiidonHur  tubfH.  'IhiM  iiiiiy  Ijt- cuumil  by  local  eiectrolytii-  f '.  w. 
btruy  eloctri'jal  ciirrcnlh',  Kr..,  and  it  riiquireH  only  ••■  ry  ■l/i.'!/ 
iicidificd  condcnniiiK  wuUir  to  coiivi-y  Ihux*)  eloctrioal  i;u. 
one  part  of  the  lube  to  unothtr.  Tlio  author  hox  fouii'! 
niOHt  pruvaleiit  whi.rc  co()liii(f  towcrrHuro  DiMxi.  In  ctrlu 
timt  anulyHiH  hati  hHowii  the  water  to  Vie  almoHt  pare  and  ^i.nj<i  tot 
drinkin);  pur|iimoH,  but  there  hiut  lieen  u  very  Hlitcht  acidity,  iiuitcsu  Hi - 
ciont  to  convey  local  electrical  currentH  l^ttweeu  the  different  metalM 
formin);  the  alloy  of  the  tubeH.  Many  different  miztureit  of  tnlMiii 
have  been  tried  with  only  partial  buccchm,  and  the  trouble  hon  in 
certain  caKew  only  been  overcome  by  periodically  adding  a  certain 
((uantity  of  lime  to  the  wattir  in  the  coolini^  tank,  Hufficitnt  to  pro- 
duce a  neutral  «olution.  ThiH  corronion  and  pittinif  trouble  in 
alHO  very  prevalent  where  »ea  water  in  UHed  lor  condenBinif.  Zinc 
and  sometimes  mild  Hteel  platea  are  fitted  into  the  water  cbamtjerM 
of  the  condenser  and  connected  by  mild  Hteel  MtudH  to  the  tube 
plates,  the  idea  being  that  these  platen  will  be  of  negative  polarity 


PROOEEDINOS    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Independent  Steam  Condensing  Plants. 

By  W.  A.  Dexter. 

Abstract  11/'  paper  read  before  the   INSTITUTION  OF  ELECTRICAL 
Engineers  ut  Leedn,  Januartj  I5t/i,  1913.) 

HE  author  proposes  to  consider  a  few  of  the  later  forma  of  surface 
nd  jet  condensing  plant,  such  as  are  used  in  connection  with 
*am  turbines  driving:  electrical  machinery  ;  he  will  also  deal  with 
arious  types  of  air-pumps,  both  reciprocating-  and  rotary. 

From  entropy  diagrams  we  find  that  for  the  non-condensing' 
igine  with  steam  at  1()5  lb.  absolute  pressure,  we  shall  obtain 
73  B.TH.u.  per  lb.  of  steam  ;  for  the  engine  working  condensing 
'6  obtain  248  b.th.u.,  and  where  the  steam  is  expanded  to  a  vacuum 
f  28J  in.  we  should  obtain  334  b.th.u.  per  lb.  of  steam,  showing  a 
ain  of  43  per  cent,  and  93  per  cent,  respectively  over  the  non- 
jndensing  engine.  These  figures  represent  the  theoretical  gain, 
ad  show  the  value  of  expanding  steam  below  atmospheric  pressure, 
ad  also  the  great  gain  in  useful  work  which  can  be  obtained  by 
'orking  an  exhaust  steam  turbine  in  combination  with  a  non-con- 
ensing  steam  engine. 

For  reciprocating  engines  of  the  low-speed  type,  such  as  are  very 


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Fn..  1.— DiAQBAM  OP  Tempebature 

HlPPERENCE   FOB  SURFACE   WORK. 


Fig.  2." 


3mmon  in  the  textile  mills  of  this  district,  there  is  no  doubt  that 
lie  attached  condenser  and  air-pump  is  the  most  eflBcient  type  :  a 
igh  vacuum  is  not  required,  say  20  in.  at  the  condenser.  For 
igh-speed  engines  a  vacuum  of  26  in.  to  26^  in.  is  quite  snflBcient 
or  economical  working.  For  steam  turbines,  and  especially  the 
JW-pressure  type,  a  high  vacuum  is  really  essential  ;  but  even 
eie  it  is  possible  to  aim  at  too  high  a  vacuum  for  overall  efBciency 
'here  there  is  not  a  good  natural  supply  of  cooling  water  at  low 
amperature. 

The  most  practical  and  efficient  condensers  for  general  conditions 
re  the  counter-current  surface  condenser,  the  low-level  jet  oon- 
enser,  and  the  elevated  self  •draining' "  barometric  "  jet  condenser 
■ith  air-pump. 

The  surface  type  of  condenser  possesses  many  advantages  over 
•ber   types,  though  its  initial  cost  is  generally  higher.     The  cost 


Fio.  3. 

to  the  metal  of  the  tubes,  and  thus  be  gradually  decomposed  instead 
of  one  "of  the  metals  of  the  tubes. 

The  most  efficient  condenser  is  one  iu  which  the  condensing 
water  leaves  the  condenser  at  a  temperature  equivalent  to  the  tem- 
perature of  the  exhaust  steam  ;  at  the  same  time  the  condensed 
water  should  be  withdrawn  at  as  high  a  temperature  as  possible. 

In  practice  it  does  not  pay  to  aim  at  so  high  a  discharge  tempe- 
rature for  the  water,  and  the  best  temperature  difference  between 
the  exhaust  steam  and  discharge  cooling  water  will  depend  on  the 
inlet  temperature  of  the  water.  Where  there  is  a  plentiful  supply 
of  cold  water  a  greater  temperature  difference  should  be  allowed 
than  where  cooling  towers  are  used  ;  also  for  lower  degrees  of 
vacuum,  the  temperature  of  the  steam  being  correspondingly  high, 
a  greater  temperature  difference  should  be  taken  than  for  a  high 
vacuum. 

The  curves  in  fig.  1  indicate  what  may  be  taken  as  fairly  good 
allowances  for  temperature  difference  for  various  inlet  water  tem- 
peratures and  vacua.  Thus  for  28-in.  vacuum, 
inlet  water  temperature  75*,  the  tempera- 
ture difference  would  be  8"  F.,  and  -with 
water  at  oO"  it  would  be  19°  to  20°  F. 
Fig.  2  is  a  series  of  curves  showing  the 
ratio  of  condensing  water  per  pound  of 
steam  condensed  for  different  degrees  of 
vacuum  and  inlet  water  temperature  based 
upon  the  temperature  differences  given  in 
fig.  1. 

For  a  given  cooling  surface  the  cheapest 
form  of  condenser  is  certainly  one  of  cir- 
cular section,  relatively  small  in  diameter  and 
long  between  the  tube  plates  ;  but  it  will 
probably  be  found  that  a  greater  heat  trans- 
mission per  sq.  ft.  of  cooling  surface  can  be 
attained  by  a  condenser  of  different  shape 
and  design. 

The  velocity  of  the  steam  aa  it  passes 
through  the  condenser  should  be  maintained 
as  near  as  possible  to  the  velocity  at  the  inlet 
branch.  Anything  which  wUI  retard  the 
flow  of  steam  or  cause  eddies  should  be 
avoided. 

The  volume  of  air  entering  the  condenser 
with  the  steam  is  but  a  small  proportion  of 
the  total  volume  of  the  steam  and  air,  but  as 
the  fluid  pjisses  through  the  condenser  the 
steam  becomes  condensed  until  at  the  air 
pump  suction  branch  or  outlet  of  the  con- 
denser, the  air  forms  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  air  and  vapour 
mixture,  and  as  the  pressure  throughout  the  condenser  should 
remain  nearly  constant,  the  area  of  the  path  of  flow  near  the  outlet 
may  be  considerably  reduced,  leading  to  a  condenser  whose  cross- 
section  is  of  wedge  or  pear-shape. 

The  steam  on  entering  the  condenser  should  be  directed  equally 
over  the  whole  surface  of  the  upjier  row  of  tubes,  and  in  its  passage 
through  the  condenser  each  square  foot  of  tube  surface  should  con- 
dense an  equal  volume  or  weisrht  of  steam.  To  obtain  this  the 
steam  inlet  branch  should  l>e  of  large  dimensions,  following  closely 
the  contour  of  the  top  part  of  the  condenser  body.  Plates  may  be 
fitted  into  the  distributiug  chamber  to  direct  the  steam  oviually 
over  the  whole  surface  of  the  tubes.  Except  for  comparatively 
small  installations,  separate  air  and  water  pumps  give  the  better 
efficiency.     A  condenser  approximating  to  th   above-mentioned  coa* 


-DiAaBAM   OF  ClBCULATINU    WATEB 

Rates  foe  Surface  Wobk. 


210 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.  1,837,  fkbbuabt  7, 1913. 


ditions  ie  shown  in  &g.  3.  In  this  case  the  tubes  are  divided  into 
four  nests,  and  the  condensing  water  is  arranpred  to  travel  four 
•  mes  through  the  full  lenfrth  of  the  condenser. 

Three-quarters  of  an  inch  outside  diameter  is  the  standard  used 
IT  most  manufacturers  for  the  tubes,  but  where  the  water  is  more 
or  less  dirty,  it  may  be  necessary  to  increase  the  diameter  to  1  in. 
or  even  more. 

Where  the  coolinc  water  contains  a  larpfe  amount  of  foreign 
matter  liable  to  choke  the  tubes  of  a  surface  condenser,  or  contains 
ealta  which  would  form  a  scale  on  the  tubes,  and  thus  retard  heat 
transmission,  or  is  of  a  nature  which  may  cause  corrosion  or  pitting 
of  tubes,  or  where  it  is  not  desired  to  collect  the  condensed  steam 


Fig.  4.  Fig.  .5. — Jet  Condensers  :  Ratio 

OF  Cooling   Water  to  Steam 

CONDESSKI)  AT  4°  TEMPEKATUEE 

Difference. 


for  boiler  feed,  it  would  be  advisable  to  adopt  a  condenser  of  the  jet 
type.  It  is  a  cheaper  type  of  plant  as  regards  initial  cost  than  the 
surface  type,  but,  generally  speaking-,  requires  more  power  for  the 
operation  of  the  pumps. 

In  the  low-level  type,  the  injection  water  is  usually  drawn  into 
the  condenser  by  the  vacuum,  but  it  is  necessary  to  withdraw  the 
water  from  the  condenser  by  means  of  a  pump  against  a  suction 
resistance  equivalent  to  the  vacuum,  say,  from  28  to  32-ft.  head. 
A  separate  pump  should  be  used  for  dealing  with  the  air  and 
incondensable  gases.  Unless  certain  precautions  are  taken,  there 
is  a  risk  of  flooding  the  turbine  or  engine  with  this  type  of  plant. 

In  the  barometric  type,  except  in  very  rare  cases,  it  will  be  neces- 


CUSJC    FEET    OF    AlR    PER    POU'lO    OF    tVATER . 


it  will  be  necessary  to  design  the  plant  for  a  little  higher  vacuum  in 
order  to  maintain  an  equivalent  vacuum  at  the  turbine. 

The  highest  heat  transmission  efficiency  will  be  when  the  water 
leaving  the  condenser  is  at  the  same  temperature  as  the  incoming 
steam.  This  result  can  be  most  nearly  attained  by  arranging  the 
steam  to  enter  at  the  bottom  of  the  condenser,  the  air  and  nncon- 
densed  gases  being  drawn  off  at  the  top.  This  gives  counter 
direction  of  flow  for  the  steam  and  water  ;  the  coldest  part  of  the 
condenser  is  at  the  top  and  the  hottest  at  the  bottf>m  ;  the  water  is 
being  gradually  raised  in  temperature  during  its  passage  through 
the  condenser. 

rig.  4  shows  a  section  of  a  vertical  type  jet  condenser  fitted  with 
three  distributing  trays  ;  these  trays  are  perforated  with  elongated 
holes  about  i  in.  x  2  J  in.,  which  give  a  very  good  distribution  and 
breaking  up  of  the  water,  and  at  the  same  time  allow  the  use  of  fairly 
dirty  water.  Where  the  water  is  very  dirty  the  holes  are  left  out, 
the  trays  made  shallow  or  in  the  form  of  a  flat  plate,  and  the  water 
then  falls  over  the  edges  in  the  form  of  a  cascade,  suitable  openings 
being  arranged  in  the  cascades  to  allow  for  the  passage  of  the  un- 
condensed  steam  and  gases.  The  air  is  drawn  off  at  the  top  of  the 
condenoer  after  passing  through  the  coldest  condensing  water,  and 
is  therefore  at  minimum  volume.  Where  dry-air  pumps  are  used, 
it  is  advisable  to  fit  a  water  separator  in  the  air  suction  pipe  ;  the 
water  from  this  separator  is  drained  to  the  condensing  water  outlet 
pipe.  With  the  condenser  as  illustrated,  the  author  has  seen  a 
number  of  tests  carried  out  under  full  load  conditions  where  the 
water  has  been  discharged  at  a  temperature  within  1  or  2  degrees 
of  the  exhaust  steam  temperature. 

For  a  good  counter-current  jet  condenser  and  for  the  Leblanc 
multi-jet  type  with  reasonably  good  air  conditions,  it  is  safe  to 
allow  for  the  condensate  and  injection  water  being  discharged  at  a 
temperature  within  4°  of  the  temperature  corresponding  to  the 
vacuum,  and  in  fig.  ,5  curves  are  drawn  showing  the  ratio  of  injec- 
tion water  to  steam  condensed  at  various  degrees  of  vacuum  and 
for  a  temperature  difference  of  4°  F. 

The  absolute  pressure  in  a  condenser  is  the  sum  of  the  pressure 
corresponding  to  the  vapour  tension  of  the  condensed  water  and  the 
pressure  due  to  the  volume  of  air  present  in  the  condenser. 


i~cST 


n 


Fig.  8. 


Fio.  9. 


Fig.  C. 


Fig.  7. 


sary  to  pump  the  water  into  the  condenser,  but  no  pump  is  required 
to  extract  the  water,  as  the  condenser,  being  fixed  at  a  barometric 
height,  will  be  self -draining.  The  air  pump  will  be  the  same  as 
for  the  low-level  plant.  The  pumping  power  will  be  smaller  for 
the  baK)nietric  than  the  low-level  type,  as  the  full  effect  of  the 
vacuum  can  be  utilised  in  raising  the  water  to  the  condenser.  It 
is  a  safer  and  easier  plant  to  operate,  as,  if  properly  designed,  there 
is  no  risk  of  water  flooding  the  exhaust  pipe  and  thence  getting 
back  to  the  turbine  or  engine.  It  is  more  expensive  than  the  low- 
level  type  on  account  of  the  longer  length  of  steam,  air  and 
\rat«r  pipes  required  ;  also,  on  account  of  the  long  exh&ust  main, 


The  air  pump  should  therefore  be  of  such  a  capacity  and 
efficiency  that  it  will  effectively  deal  with  the  amount  of  air  paas- 
ing  through  the  condenser,  in  a  highly  attenuated  state  or  at  Ion 
absolute  pressure,  thus  closely  reaching  an  absolute  pressure  in  th( 
condenser  equal  to  the  vapour  tension  of  the  condensed  water.  Th« 
pressure  of  air  in  a  surface  condenser  greatly  reduces  the  rate  ol 
heat  transmission. 

The  amount  of  air  passing  through  a  surface  condenser  will  bf 
that  due  to  leakage  at  glands,  pipe  joints,  &c.,  and  to  the  smal' 
amount  present  in  the  boiler  feed-water  which  will  pass  over  wit! 
the  steam  ;  there  will  be  a  much  greater  amount  in  the  case  of  > 
jet  condenser,  as,  in  addition  to  the  above,  there  is  the  amount  o 
air  present  in  the  injection  water,  which  latter  may  be  from  30  t< 
60  times  the  volume  of  the  feed-water.  The  amount  of  air  presen 
in  the  feed  or  injection  water  may  be  anything  from  1  i  to  5  pe 
cent,  of  the  volume  of  the  water.  Particular  care  should  be  givei 
towards  eliminating  air  leakage.  All  pipe  joints  should  beas  careful! 
made  as  though  they  had  to  stand  a  steam  pressure  of  300  lb.  Lo« 
pressure  engine  glands  should  be  very  carefully  packed,  turbin 
glands  should  be  water  or  steam  sealed,  the  latter  being  preferabh 
and  for  high  vacuum  it  is  better  to  have  all  valve  spindles  watet 
sealed.  The  exhaust  mains,  if  of  cast-iron,  should  be  of  close 
grained  metal,  and  care  should  be  taken  in  the  fixing  of  chaplet 
when  casting  ;  piping  built  of  mild  steel  plates,  if  well  madi 
makes  the  best  job. 

In  a  high-pressure  turbine  installation  kept  in  good  conditio) 
with  the  condenser  fixed  close  to  the  turbine,  the  air  leakage  shoul 
be  within,  say,  6  lb.  per  10,000  lb.  of  steam,  or  the  equivalent  t 
what  would  pass  through  a  3-mm.  diameter  expanding  nozzle  p< 
22,000  lb.  of  steam  condensed.  For  a  plant  connected  to  a  sing 
reciprocating  engine,  the  weight  of  air  allowed  for  should  be  thi 
equivalent  to  what  would  pass  through  a  4  or  6-mm.  diamet 
nozzle.  Exhaust  steam  turbine  installations  require  careful  atta 
tion,    The  pressure  in  the  engine  low-preMure  cylinder  and  tlj 


Vol.72.  No.  i,8:j7,  FEBnuAHY?,  1913.]    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


211 


=  00054  cb.  ft. per  lb.  water.) 


[haust  main  up  to  the  turbine  Hhould  alwayn  be  k«<pt  I  to  2  lb. 
bovo  atraoRphorio  proHHurc. 

In  dp.  (!,  which  appliuB  only  to  surface  condonKorB,  onrvcH  arc 
rawn  roproHentiin,'  tho  aotual  volume  of  air  to  Ikj  allowud  for  ut 
Iffcrtnit  dcifrocM  of  vaouiiiii,  exproHsed  in  cubic  foot  pnr  pound  of 
»am.  Tho  upper  curve  refers  to  turbine  plnntH  with  directly 
innccted  comUniHcr,  nnd  the  lower  curve  to  an  eni^'ine  withdireotly- 
)nneoted  conddMHcr.  If  two  or  more  turbincH  or  enjrineB  are  con- 
octtNl  to  a  central  condensinfif  plant  the  allowancoH  will  rniuire  to 
B  increaned. 

The  curvo.M  are  based  on  a  .'t  per  cent,  volume  of  air  in  the  fecd- 
ater  and  an  air  Icakaso  e<iual  to  a  :i-uim.  diameter  no/zle  jMir 
2,000  lb.  Mteam  per  hour  lor  a  sintflo  turbine,  and  a  u-mm.  diameter 
o/.zle  for  one  rcciprocatiiifr  enjjine  at  the  Hanie  »team  duty.  Where 
lore  than  one  turbine  or  enpine  is  connected  to  one  condunBer  it  in 
ivi«able  to  allow  for  an  extra  air  capacity  in  the  pump,  say  10  per 
ant.  extra  for  each  turbine,  other  conditions  remaininfr  the  same. 

Referrinfj  to  the  curves,  it  will  bo  seen  that  for  a  sinijle  turbine 
nd  attached  condenser  for  a  vacuum  of  27  in.,  barometer  30  in.,  an 
stual  air  displacement  of  O'l  cb.  ft.  per  lb.  of  steam  should  be 
llowed,  whereas  for  a  vacuum  of  2H5  in.  it  would  rc(iuire  0'2  cb.  ft. 
or  a  reeiprocatinjr  enprine  at  20  in.  vacuum  it  requires  0'2  cb.  ft., 
ad  for  27  in.  vacuum,  0265  cb.  ft.  per  lb.  of  steam. 

Fig.  7  shows  the  cubic  feet  of  air  to  be  allowed  for  at  different 
epreoi  of  vacuum  for  the  air  contained  in  the  injection  water,  and  is, 
f  course,  applicable  only  to  jet  condensers.  Four  curves  are  shown 
jr  1,  2,  3  and  i  per  cent,  volume  of  entrained  air  ;  the  horizontal 
sale  is  based  on  cubic  feet  of  air  per  pound  of  injection  water. 

To  fix  up  the  size  of  air-pump  for  a  jet-condenser  oti  the  lines 
idicated,  we  will  take  the  following:  example  : — 

Duty  10,000  lb.  steam  per  hour;  vacuum,  2.S  in.  (bar.  30  in.) ; 
•ater,  S0°  F. 

From  fig.  5.       Injection    water   =  60  times  the  steam. 
From  fiff.   7.     2   per  cent,  curve 

at  2  in.  abs 

Volume  of  air  in  injection  water 

(per  lb.  steam  condensed)  ...   =   0'324  cb.  ft. 
Volume  of  air  by  leakage  (same 

as  for  surface  plant),  &g.  6   =  0'15cb.  ft. 

Total  per  lb.  ateam  condensed  0'47  I  cb.  ft. 

10,000  X  0474  =  4,740  cb.  ft.  per  hour  required,  or,  say,  24  lb. 
ir  per  hour. 

It  must  not  be  overlooked  that  this  figure  is  the  actual  roluine  nf 
ir  which  must  be  discharged  by  the  pump,  and  full  allowance 
mat  be  made  for  the  volumetric  efficiency  of  the  type  of  air  pump 
mployed. 

The  reciprocating  wet  air-pump  with  foot,  bucket,  and  delivery 
alves  has  mostly  been  used  in  the  past  in  connection  with  low- 
peed  reciprocating  engines,  and  driven  directly  from  the  piston 
Dd  or  cross-head,  and  has  in  recent  years  been  almost  superseded 
y  the  Edwards  valveless  suction-pump.  The  principal  objection  to 
le  former  pump  is  the  complication  of  valves,  and  especially  the 
laccessibility  of  the  valves  in  the  bucket.  The  most  notable 
sample  of  this  type  of  pump  is  the  Weir  dual  air-pump. 

The  Edwards  pump  is  so  well  known  that  it  is  unnecessary  to 
escribe  it.  Its  main  feature  is  its  simplicity,  there  being  only  one 
it  of  valves,  and  these  being  in  the  delivery  plate,  they  are  easily 
scessible  for  attention  and  replacement.  The  volumetric eflBciency 
I  this  pump  falls  rapidly  at  high  vacuum  when  the  air  is  very 
ttenuated  :  similarly  it  drops  very  much  when  the  speed  increases. 

Much  attention  has  recently  been  given  to  rotary  auxiliaries,  and 
specially  to  air-pumps.  In  general,  the  rotary  air-pump  consists 
f  a  centrifugal  water-pump  which  is  made  to  deliver  water  in  jets 
r  sheets  through  an  ejector,  the  air  and  gases  immediately  sur- 
Dunding  these  jets  being  carried  along  with  the  water  by  reason 
f  the  friction  between  the  surface  of  the  water  and  the  air  in 
onta",t  with  the  same.  In  other  cases  jets  or  sheets  of  water  are 
rejected  intermittently  through  passages  in  the  pump  casing, 
ntrapping  air  between  the  intermittent  plugs  of  water,  the  whole 
oing  discharged  against  atmospheric  pressure  by  the  energy  due  to 
!.<■  \elocity  of  the  water.  Experiments  have  shown  that  a  greater 
olume  of  air  can  be  discharged  by  a  given  quantity  of  water  when 
he  air  is  entrapped  between  plugs  or  sheets  of  water  than  when  it 
!  drawn  into  the  ejector  by  skin  friction  between  the  water  and  air. 
'he  velocity  of  the  water  being  one  of  the  main  features  of  this 
ystem,  it  is  essential  that  it  be  obtained  with  the  least  possible 
xptuditure  of  power.  The  features  above-mentioned  are  embodied 
[1  the  well-known  Leblanc  pump,  invented  by  Prof.  Maurice 
icblance,  of  Paris,  about  eight  years  ago. 

The  author  has,  during  the  past  few  years,  carefully  investigated 

number  of  the  best  known  forms  of  rotary  air-pumps,  the  result 
eing  that  his  firm  have  now  taken  up  a  licence  for  the  manufacture 
f  the  Leblanc  pump,  both  for  land  and  marine  purposes.  There  are 
ver  1 2,000  Leblanc  installations  now  at  work.  They  are  in  successful 
.88  connected  to  steam  turbine  units  of  15,000  kw.  capacity.  They 
lave  been  taken  up  by  several  of  the  Continental  and  foreign  navies, 
nd  in  the  French  Navy  they  have  practically  superseded  the  recipro- 
ating  pump. 

A  Leblanc  pump  is  essentially  a  high-vacuum  pump,  and  where 
ery  large  volumes  of  air  have  to  be  dealt  with,  the  reciprocating 
irpe  as  last  described  would  be  the  better,  but  for  the  very  high 
acuum  required  for  turbines,  it  is  a  most  suitable  form  of  air- 
nmp.  The  characteristic  of  the  Leblanc  air-pump  is  a  water 
jector,  in  which  the  necessary  kinetic  energy  of  the  water  is 
reduced  in  the  apparatus  itself  by  a  reverted  turbine  of  partial 
tjOctiun. 

Fig.  8  shows  a  portion  of  the  turbine  wheel.    The  water  entere  in 


tho  tnrbine  with  a  velocity   w,  and  m  the  wheel  ta  movlntr  In  »b  • 
direction  of  the  arrow,  tblH  velocity,  aombIne<I  with  tip 
velocity  i\  givcm  tho  rvlativo  viducily  v.     Thi»  velocity  ' 
at  the  discharge    cjf    tho    turbitH-,  and,    c«'>mbitie<l   wi'i, 
pheral  velocity  v,i,  glvcH    an    nbM'>luto    velocity  w «,   with   *lu.;ii 
the  water  leaven  the    bladcH.     Tho   anglcH  of  the   blade*  are  Huch 
that  tho  velocity  w«  in  about  \'M)  ft.  \Mr  Mecond.     In  an  ordinary 
water  ejector  a  heail  of  about  •.'•;.';   ft.  would  be  necccHary  to  produrn) 
thiH  velocity.     It  Ih,  therefore,  f|uit<i  clear  that  the  kinetic  energy 
will   be  transmitted  to  the  water  with  a  higher  efflciency  than  if 
this  necessary  prcBHuro  were  produced  by  a  o^'ntrifrigal  puin[i  ari  I 
then    transformtMl    into    velocity.      Also    in    thi«   arrangement  the 
wheel  is  running  in  vacuum,  thus  rerlucing   the  friction  Iobhch  to  a 
minimum. 

Fig.  It  BhowB  a  sectional  arrangement  of  the  Leblanc  pump,  which 
works  as  followH  :  Sealing  water  is  introduced  through  b  Huitabl  ■ 
branch  on  the  casing  into  a  central  chamber  h,  from  which  i", 
passes  through  the  water  guide  nozzle  C.  On  leaving  thin  the 
water  is  caught  up  (or  chopped  off;  by  the  blades  D  of  the  air- 
pump  wheel,  or  impeller,  and  ejected  into  ihe  collecting  one  e  in 
the  form  of  >thin  sheets,  which  travel  with  the  velocity  wa  until 
they  meet  the  sides  of  the  collecting  cone,  and  thus  form  alwolutely 
tight  water-pistons,  which  entrap  the  air  and  non-condenHable  gase-i 
coming  from  the  condenser  or  other  apparatuH  through  the 
suction  F,  and  carry  them  out  against  the  atmospheric  pressure. 
The  estimated  thickness  of  these  water-sheets  is  only  from  4  to 
8/1,000  of  an  inch.  These  sheets  have  the  tendency  to  enlarge  as 
the  water  particles  are  ejected  divergently,  and,  as  previously  stated, 
they  are  concentrated  in  the  collecting  cone,  forming  a  compact 
plug  when  pai-.-ing  through  the  smallest  diameter  into  the  diffuser, 
the  energy  of  velocity  being  converted  into  pressure,  and  the  plug, 
consisting  of  air,  gas  and  water,  being  discharged  against  the 
atmospheric  pressure.  The  great  advantage  of  rotary  air-pumps  i.s 
their  extreme  simplicity  and  the  small  number  of  moving  parts, 
usually  only  an  impeller  and  shaft,  and  being  adaptable  for  direct 
driving  from  electric  motor,  high-speed  engine  or  turbine,  all 
usual  gearing  troubles  are  eliminated. 

There  is  no  need  to  dwell  in  detail  on  circulating  or  injection 
water  pumps  of  the  centrifugal  type.  It  is  now  possible  to  obtain 
high  efficiencies  w.h.p./b.h.p.  with  this  type,  and  they  lend  them- 
selves admirably  to  direct  driving  from  electric  motors  or  small 
steam  turbines. 

Steam-driven  auxiliaries  have  a  distinct  advantage  over  electric- 
ally driven,  in  that  they  are  not  in  any  way  affected  by  a  disturb- 
ance of  the  electric  supply.  In  the  case  of  a  single-unit  plant  the 
pumps  can  be  started  up  before  the  turbine,  and  a  full  vacuum 
obtained  in  the  condenser  ready  for  the  starting  up  of  the  tnrbine. 
This,  of  course,  does  not  usually  apply  to  a  large  central  power 
station  where  there  are  always  one  or  more  generating  seta  at 
work. 

Discussion. 

The  chairman  (Mb.  Wilson  Hartnell)  said  that  what  Mr. 
Dexter  really  meant  when  he  said  a  vacuum  of  30  in.  was  a  pres- 
sure of  2i  in.  above  absolute  vacuum.  The  absolute  pressure  in 
inches  of  mercury  could  be  easily  obtained  by  having  a  small 
manometer,  instead  of  measuring  the  difference  of  pressures  outside 
and  inside  the  condenser  as  they  usually  did. 

Mr.  R.  H.  CA.MPION  said  he  had  beautiful  water  for  drinking  pur- 
poses, but  which  played  great  havoc  with  condenesr  tubes.  There 
were  a  good  many  bad  tubes  on  the  market.  The  trouble  was  due  to 
the  aerated  condition  of  the  water  which  in  passing  through  the 
cooling  tower  absorbed  acids  which  were  present  in  the  air.  They 
had  earthed  the  condenser  to  get  rid  of  electrolysis,  and  now  they 
were  fitting  a  special  arrangement  with  the  same  object  in  view. 
His  experience  with  the  surface  condenser  suggested  that  they  must 
not  rely  on  any  of  these  new  ideas  to  do  away  with  tube  surface  ; 
there  was  nothing  like  tube  surface.  He  had  plant  of  the  low -level 
type,  which  was  described  as  rather  unsafe  on  order,  and  he  did  not 
fear  the  bad  results  which  the  author  foretold.  As  to  the  risk  of 
flooding,  they  had  two  arrangements  to  prevt-nt  that. 

Mb.  Dexter  said  that  corrosion  of  the  tubes  was  a  very  serious 
matter  indeed  ;  he  did  not  agree  that  it  was  due  in  any  way  to  bad 
tubes.  His  own  firm  had  had  that  trouble  in  many  cases.  In  one 
case  in  Glasgow  they  found  the  water  from  the  cooling  towers 
was  slightly  acidified,  and  the  trouble  was  got  over  entirely  by 
adding  periodically  a  certain  quantity  of  lime  to  the  cooling  water. 
He  had  recommended  this  to  a  number  of  people,  with  very  beneficial 
results.  In  many  cases  he  had  found  that  the  more  expensive 
tubes — particularly  those  which  had  been  tinned — had  given  worse 
results  than  the  inferior  tubes  had,  and  he  thought  it  was  mostly 
due  to  electrolytic  action.  The  neutralisation  of  the  water  had  the 
best  results.  In  one  case  at  Liverpool  there  was  a  centrifugal 
pump  in  which  the  impeller  had  been  reduced  25  per  cent  in 
weight  in  less  than  two  months  from  the  pump  being  installed. 
When  he  opened  up  the  pump  he  noticed  a  deposit  of  copper  at  the 
bottom  of  the  cast-iron  casing  in  fovur  places  diametrically  opposite. 
The  pump  casing  was  distinctly  magnetised.  He  found  quite  a  big 
difference  of  potential  between  the  pump  casing  and  the  spindle, 
and  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  pump  was  running  like  a 
dynamo.  They  got  over  that  case  by  making  the  whole  pump  and 
impeller  and  spindle  all  of  gun-metal,  and  of  the  same  mixture  of 
gun-metal,  too.  They  made  tests  before  that,  tind  found  that  with 
two  different  kinds  of  gun-metal  they  got  quite  a  rapid  corrosion 
with  this  water,  which  was  pronounced  by  the  city  analyst  to  be 
splenrid  drinking  water,  and  to  hhve  nothing  wrong  w\th  it.  They 
found  plight  acidity  in  the  water,  nd  since  lime  haii  betn  added  to 
the  cooling  tower  tank  they  had  had  no  trouole,  and  they  wtru 
running  the  same  station  with  cast-iron  pumps  and  impeliers.    The 


212 


THE    ELECTRTCAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.  i.ss;,  febbuabt  7,  wis. 


station  ■was  divided  in  two.  and  the  turbines  and  condenBing  plant 
were  exactly  the  same  on  each  side  of  the  station  ;  yet  on  one  side 
a  very  large  corrosion  took  place,  and  on  the  other  side  there  was 
no  corrosion  at  all.  Jt  was  well  to  remove  as  mnch  oil  ae  possible 
before  it  pot  to  the  condenser,  aa  otherwise  it  would  coat  the  con- 
denser tubes  and  the  coolinpr  towers,  and  they  would  soon  have  a 
loss  of  efficiency.  The  Leblanc  type  of  plant  was  so  safe  that  he 
had  no  fear  whatever  of  usinp  that  type  either  with  reciprocating 
engines  or  with  turbines.  If  the  vacuum  dropped  the  pump  did  not 
give  up  lifting  if  the  sealing  tank  was  placed  on  the  same  level  as 
the  pump,  so  that  the  pump  was  always  primed.  I'ntil  about 
2i  years  ago  that  was  a  defect  in  the  Leblanc  pump. 

Mk.  a.  E.  Leigh  Scanes  said  that  he  noticed  a  very  large  tem- 
perature difference  was  given  for  a  low  vacuum.  In  his  own  opinion, 
it  was  never  necessary  to  exceed  1 6*  I".  ;  it  meant  a  (luite  unnecessary 
amount  of  pumping  of  the  water  and  consequent  increase  of  power. 
His  firm  (the  Westinghouse  Co.)  had  found,  like  Mr.  Dexter,  that 
the  cheapest  form  of  condenser  was  the  circular  shell,  and  he  could 
not  agree  that  any  other  form  was  advantageous  in  the  long  run, 
because  of  the  higher  initial  costs.  They  found  that  with  that 
they  could  obtain  results  better  than,  or  equal  to,  certainly  any 
make  of  condenser  on  the  market  of  any  sha))e  whatever.  One  of 
the  plants  they  made  recently  could  condense  22  lb.  of  steam  per 
sq.  ft.  with  water  at  60*  F.  and  a  28  J -in.  vacuum.  Mr.  Dexter 
suggested  that  directing  plates  should  be  fixed  under  the  steam 
inlet  of  the  condenser.  His  own  firm  had  found  that  if  that  was 
done  there  was  an  appreciable  loss  of  vacuum  in  the  condenser 
itself,  and  they  found  that  a  large  steam  inlet,  as  was  also  suggested 
by  Mr.  Dexter,  was  quite  suflBcient  in  ordinary  practice.  As  to  the 
safety  of  the  low-level  jet  plants,  they  had  never  up  to  the  present 
had  an  accident  from  that  cause.  They  had  found  that  under  any 
conditions  where  it  was  possible  to  put  in  these  Leblanc  air  pumps 
they  could  compete  on  a  commercial  basis  with  the  best  types  of 
reciprocating  pumps.  He  admitted  that  the  presence  of  air  in  the 
condenser  affected  the  vacuum,  but  he  did  not  think  it  affected  the 
heat  transmission.  Undoubtedly  where  the  air  was  equally  mixed 
with  the  steam  it  did  affect  the  transmission,  but  it  was  not  equally 
mixed  in  a  surface  condenser.  Mr.  Dexter  suggested  that  steam- 
sealed  turbines  were  preferable,  but  his  own  opinion  was  exactly  the 
reverse  ;  whenever  they  had  the  steam-sealed  plant  to  deal  with 
they  always  allowed  a  ratio  of  air  in  the  proportion  of  four  to  three 
for  what  they  allowed  for  water-sealed  glands.  The  great  point  of 
the  Leblanc  rotary  pump  was  that  they  could  get  a  much  higher 
hot-well  temperature,  which  varied  from  5  to  10°  F.  above  that 
obtained  with  a  reciprocating  pump. 

Mb.  Dexter  said  he  did  not  quite  agree  with  Mr.  Scanes  about 
limiting  the  temperature  differences.  When  they  were  working 
with  high-temperature  cooling  or  injection  water  to  obtain  a  certain 
vacuum,  it  was  policy  to  work  at  a  very  much  clospr  temperature 
difference  than  they  need  do  for  a  very  low  water  temperature. 
With  regard  to  directing  plates,  in  one  case  he  found  a  great 
improvement  made  by  dividing  up  the  main  exhaust  pipe,  which 
was  of  large  area,  into  sections  by  ribs  and  carrying  these  right 
through  to  the  condenser,  and  then  in  the  condenser  continuing 
them,  so  as  to  direct  the  steam  well  towards  the  end  of  the  con- 
denser, and  better  results  were  got  thus  than  by  simply  fitting  the 
directing  plates — much  better  than  without  directing  plates,  and 
also  better  than  directing  plate.s  without  the  sectionising  of  the 
exhaust  pipe.  He  believed  there  had  not  been  any  flooding  accident 
80  far  with  a  Leblanc  pump.  He  had  been  able  to  get  results  on 
low-level  type  condenser  reciprocating  pumps  showing  a  tempera- 
turedifference  within  one  degree,  and  on  several  surface  condensers  he 
had  got  to  within  1  i  or  2  degrees,  but  these  were  under  exceptional  cir- 
cumstances. In  the  case  of  plant  where  a  reciprocating  pump  was 
dealing  with  dry  air  and  a  separate  pump  extracting  water,  he  did 
not  think  there  was  much  difference  in  the  hot  well  temperature  com- 
pared with  that  obtained  with  the  rotary  plant.  He  would  like  to  men- 
tion theimportance  of  engineers  knowing  what  air  capacity  was  being 
given  to  them  when  they  were  buying  plant.  It  was  very  easy  to 
ask  for  the  square  feet  of  cooling  surface  in  a  condenser,  the 
quantity  of  cooling  water  circulated  and  power  required,  <S;c.,  but 
until  quite  recently  he  scarcely  knew  of  any  specifications  issued 
where  the  weight  or  quantity  of  air  which  was  provided  for  by  the 
air  pump  was  asked  for.  It  did  not  matter  to  the  purchaser 
whether  he  was  getting  .(.000  or  4.000  sq.  ft.  of  cooling  surface  in 
the  condenser  unless  the  condensers  were  of  the  same  power  and  of 
the  same  design.  He  had  found  that  in  many  cases  it  had  paid  to 
give  extra  cooling  surface  and  go  in  for  a  very  simple  type  of  con- 
denser. He  differed  with  Mr.  Scanes  about  the  air  affecting  the 
heat  transmission.  He  thought  the  results  of  tests  his  firm  had 
recently  carried  out  at  their  works  were  conclusive  on  that  point. 

Mr.  McLay  said  that  the  obviously  commonsense  way  was  to 
bring  the  steam  in  at  the  bottom,  and  let  it  pass  up  through 
the  condenser,  the  air  being  taken  rff  at  the  top,  and  the  con- 
densed steam  at  the  boltom.  They  should  keep  the  upper  tubes  as 
dry  as  could  be,  so  that  no  moisture  was  taken  from  the  air,  and 
the  air  would  pass  over  to  the  pump  practically  dry.  The  con- 
denser should  be  made  of  a  .«hape  suitable  to  deal  with  the 
volume  which  was  going  through  it,  and  should  be  alongside 
the  turbine.  If  they  put  their  pumps  into  the  basement  they  got 
no  attention. 

Mr.  Dexteb  agreed  with  the  principle  of  bringing  the  steam  to 
the  bottom  and  taking  it  out  at  the  top,  but  said  that  did  not  fit 
in  well  with  turbine  arrangements.  He  had  tried  it  many  times, 
and  it  was  very  difficult  to  arrange.  They  had  to  have  founda- 
tions :  that  in  it?elf  made  a  basement  in  most  instances,  and  they 
found  it  was  better  to  put  the  plant  in  the  basement.  Then  they 
could  get  a  much  greater  output  from  the  same  floor  space. 
The  basements  were  a*  well  looked  after  as  the  main  engine 
room. 


OUR  LEGAL  QUERY  COLUMN. 

[  Questions  addressed  to  this   column   should   be  written  on  our  side 
of  th«  paper  onZy.] 


"Consulting  Electbical  Engineeb '"  writes  : — "I  should  be  glad 
if  you  would  kindly  let  me  know  in  what  pouition  the  local 
authorities  stand  in  the  following  case :  The  urban  council  in 
question  has  no  electrical  powers,  and  it  is  questionable  whether 
it  will  attempt  to  obtain  them.  There  are  several  works  within  1 
the  area  of  the  Council,  and  it  is  proposed  to  put  an  electrical  plant 
in  one  of  them,  and  transmit  power  to  one  or  more  works  about 
250  yd.  away.  An  overhead  cable  would  be  more  direct  ;  but  it  is 
deemed  best  to  put  an  underground  cable  down  along  the  footpaths, 
with  two  road  crossings.  The  streets  are  side  streets,  and  the  roads 
and  footpaths  unmade  and  unattached.  An  application  has  been, 
sent  to  the  Council  for  permission  to  carry  this  cable  as  suggested  ; 
it  is  believed  that  the  Council  is  going  to  object.  Would  you 
kindly  state  whether  it  is  entitled  to  object,  seeing  that  it 
has  no  powers,  nor  is  it  likely  to  acquire  them  in  the 
immediate  future.  If  the  roads  are  unattached  and  the  owners  of^ 
the  roads  be  agreeable,  could  a  cable  be  laid  in  spite  of  the  Council  ?> 
The  writer  would  be  obliged  for  an  early  reply  to  these  and  any 
other  points  which  may  cover  the  case. 

*,*  This  query  would  appear  to  raise  a  question  under 
Sec.  23  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act,  1909,  which,  so  far 
as  is  known,  has  not  yet  been  considered  by  any  court  of  law, 
A  glance  at  that  section,  however,  shows  that  it  confers  no  ^ 
right  upon  a  local  authority  to  interfere  with  the  private  supply^ 
of  electricity  unless  that  authority  is  itself  supplying  electricity  ■ 
under  licence  or  provisional  order.  ^Moreover,  although  it  enables  * 
a  supply  authority,  being  a  local  authority,  to  interdict  the  supply,' 
of  electricity,  it  does  not  "prevent  any  company  or  person  from 
affording  a  supply  of  electrical  energy  to  any  other  company  or 
person,  where  the  business  of  the  company  or  person  affording  the 
supply  is  not  primarily  that  of  the  supply  of  electrical  energy  to 
consumers."  It  would  therefore  seem  that  so  far  as  the  Act  of " 
1909  is  concerned,  the  Council  has  no  power  or  authority  to  inter- 
fere. A  more  serious  (juestion  arises,  however,  with  regard  to  the 
laying  of  underground  cables.  By  the  exercise  of  its  powers 
in  this  respect,  the  local  authority  may  effectually  check  the  pro- 
posed enterprise.  The  Public  Health  Act,  187.';,  Sec.  148,  vests  "all 
streets,  being,  or  which  at  any  time  become,  highways  repairable 
by  the  inhabitants  at  large  within  any  urban  district,  and 
the  pavement  stones  and  other  materials  thereof  in  the  urban 
authority."  A  similar  provision  applies  to  the  Metropolis;- 
and  where  an  electric  lighting  company  had  illegally  broken, 
up  the  surface  of  a  street  within  the  district  of  a  Vestry 
in  the  Metropolis  and  placed  their  pipes  and  wires  at  a 
depth  of  about  2  ft.  below  the  surface,  it  was  held  that  the  Vestry 
was  not.  by  virtue  of  Sec.  9(i  of  the  Metropolis  Management  Act,  ; 
18.5.5,  the  owner  of  the  soil  of  the  street  at  that  depth,  and  that,.- 
although  the  company  had  acted  illegally  in  breaking  up  the  street, 
and  an  injunction  was  granted  restraining  them  from  doing  so 
again,  the  Vestry  was  not  entitled  to  a  mandatory  injunction  to 
compel  the  company  to  remove  their  pipes  and  wires,  there  beiogf 
no  continuing  trespass  upon,  or  interference  with,  any  right  of  the 
Vestry  (Vestry  of  St.  Mary,  Battersea  r.  County  of  London,  &c.,  Co., 
Ltd.,  (1899)  1  Ch.  4  7}).  For  the  unwarranted  breaking-up  of  the 
street,  however,  the  company  were  summoned  at  the  police  court 
and  fined.  The  suggestion  may  be  thrown  out  that  if  the 
soil  of  the  streets  in  question  does  not  belong  to  the  Council 
referred  to,  there  will  be  nothing  to  prevent  wires  or  cables  being: 
suspended  at  such  a  height  as  not  to  interfere  with  the  traffic. 
If,  therefore,  the  necessary  wayleaves  from  frontagers  and  otheia. 
can  be  obtained,  there  is  no  reason  why  an  overhead  system  shonld 
not  be  adopted,  provided  the  Public  Health  Acts  Amendment  ActJ 
1890,  (if  it  has  been  adopted  in  the  area  in  question)  is  complied 
with.  Before  embarking  upon  this  course,  however,  a  solicitor- 
should  be  consulted,  because  the  question  whether  the  "soil"  of 
the  streets  is  vested  in  the  Council  is  highly  technical,  and  cannot 
be  answered  without  a  much  fuller  statement  of  the  facts  than 
that  which  is  given  in  the  query. 


British  and  Aiiieriran  Electriral  Machinery  E.iports. 

— In  Saturday's  Parliamentary  Papers  Mr.  Arnold  asked  the  Presi-' 
dent  of  the  Board  of  Trade  to  state  what  were  the  values  of  the 
exports  of  electrical  machinery  from  the  United  Kingdom  and, 
from  the  United  States  from  1903  to  191 1,  inclusive  ;  and  what? 
were  the  values  of  the  imports  of  electrical  machinery  of  Uniti 
States  manufacture  into  the  United  Kingdom  during  the 
years. 

Mr.  Sydney  Buxton,  in  reply,  furnished  the  following  statement :- 

Imports  into  the  United  J 
Kingdom  of  electric*! 

machinery  of  all 
kinds  from  the  United  j 
BtateB  of  America, 

£306,000 
290,000 
203,000 
259,000 
186,000 
1«1,000 
162,000 
153,000 
195,000 


Exports  of  "electrical  machinery  of 
all  kinds  "  to  all  destinations. 


From  the  United 

From  the  United 

Year. 

Kingdom. 

States  of  America. 

1903 

£437,000 

£1,064,000 

1904 

523,000 

1,391,000 

1 905 

644,000 

1,644,000 

1900 

842,000 

],724,00<1 

1907 

996,000 

2,028,000 

1908 

1,354,000 

1,449,000 

1909 

1,4.32,000 

1,242,000 

1910 

1,603.000 

1,491,000 

1911 

1,791,000 

1,739,000 

Vol.72.  No. i,8sr, tebbuabt 7. 1913.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


218 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


The  Edison   Car   LifflitinK  System.— In    <oimc(;ti()n 

with  our  recent  article  on  the  Hubjoct  of  car  Ii(rhtinif  dynaiiiOH,  an 
Hhown  at  the  ()lyiiii)ia  Motor-Car  Kxhibitioii  in  Novdinbcr  InHt,  Mil. 
.John  1''. MoNNOT.of  ll.drent  Porthind.Strof^t,  W'.,  tlio  hoIo  ooncoBsion- 
iiairp  for  tho  Eiiinon  battery,  has  brou(rht  to  our  notice  an  olcotric 
li^rhtin(r  sy»teni  lor  motor-earn  which  he  han  introduced,  in  which 
the  neocHHary  wupply  of  current  is  furninhed  by  a  battery  of  EdiBon 
aocuiiiulatorH,  the  ukc  of  a  dynamo  beinu  dispensed  with.  Tho 
liphlintr  Hot  comprises  a  Hmall  Rdison  niokel-Btecl  Htorago  battery, 
two  side  laiiipf,  a  tail  lamp,  and  a  two-way  switchboard.  Four 
sizes  are  beinjj  made,  tho  No.  1  set,  which  is  intended  for  small 
oars,  comprising;'  a  10  ampere-hour  t-volt  battery,  three  lamps, 
switchboard,  and  three  4-volt  t-C'.l".  metallic-filament  bulbs, and  beinu 
desig'ned  to  prive  lit  hours'  continuous  liphtinp  on  one  charge.  The 
No.  L'  set  is  also  for  small  cars,  and  differs  only  from  the  former  in 
having' an  so  ampere-hour  battery,  for  2(i  hours' continuous  li(fhtingr. 
The  No.  3  set  is  for  medium  cars  ;  the  battery  in  this  ca.se  is  of 
40  ampere-hour  capacity  at  8  volts,  J  c.e'.,  S-volt  bulbs  being:  used. 
The  largest  set  is  adapted  for  biff  cars,  and  is  able  to  furnish  cur- 
rent for  .'iO  hours'  continuous  ligfhting  on  one  charije,  tho  battery 
having'  a  capacity  of  80  ampere-hours  at  8  volts.  In  addition  to 
lighting  the  lamps,  the  battery  may  be  used  for  the  operation  of  an 
electric  horn.  The  different  sets  are  neatly  arranfjed,  and  where  a 
Bupplv  of  current  for  charging  purposes  is  readily  available,  they 
will  be  found  a  much  simpler  and  certainly  less  costly  car  electric 
li|;htinif  equipment  than  where  dynamos  are  used.  At  the  same 
time,  the  latter  have  the  advantapje  tliat  no  special  battery  charging 
is  necessary,  this  being  automatically  effected. 

Catalo(?ues  and  Lists. — Mkssrs.  (tent  it  Co.,  Ltd., 

Faraday  Works,  Leicester. — Two  pocket  leaflets;  No.  510  illustrates 
and  gives  prices,  fee,  of  bells  for  power  circuits,  while  No.  .511  deals 
similarly  with  the  "  Electromatic "  C.B.  interphone  system,  and 
contains  a  diagram.  Contractors  can  have  quantities  of  either  with 
their  names  printed  thereon. 

Thk  Stebi.inc;  Telephone  and  Klectbic  Co.,  Ltd.,  200, 
Upper  Thames  Street,  London,  B.C. — The  company  have,  owing  to 
the  demand,  decided  to  reinstate  in  their  catalogue,  and  to  stock  in 
London,  their  cream  and  gold  "Twencen"  domestic  telephone 
No.  riOO,  which  they  withdrew  when  issuing  the  eighth  edition  of 
their  catalogue.  They  have  now  prepared  for  insertion  in  this 
catalogue  a  suitable  priced  leaflet  relating  to  the  instrument. 

The  "Saketbe"  CoNTKOLLiNri  Appliances  Co.,  Ltd.,  Luton, 
Beds. — Six-page  illustrated  price  list,  with  particulars  of  parts  of 
the  "Safetee  "  combined  switch  fuse  for  1  to  500  amperes  and  for 
250  and  500  volts.  -^ 

The  Universal  Klecteical  Manufactuhing  Co.,  14, 
Station  Road,  (.lueen's  Road,  Peckham,  London,  S.E. —  Folding 
jwoket  card  with  calendar  for  the  first  quarter  of  the  year  followed 
by  particulars  and  illustrations  of  the  "  Poplar  "  street  lighting 
fitting. 

The  Stuutevant  Engineerink  Co.,  Ltd.,  147,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  London,  EC. — New  catalogue.  No.  1,071  (32  pages),  con- 
taining a  full  description  of  the  Sturtevant  system  of  mechanical 
draught  for  steam  boilers.  The  pamphlet  is  fully  illustrated  with 
half-tone  views  of  the  system  applied  to  a  number  of  power 
stations  and  other  works  ;  also  line  drawings  of  typical  arrange- 
ment of  the  economiser  and  system. 

Messrs.  'Vekitys,  Ltd.,  London  and  Birmingham. — Publication 
No.  682,  consisting  of  16  pages  of  illustrations,  notes  and  prices  of 
"  Aston  "  watertight  fittings  for  outside  and  industrial  service,  ship 
installations,  porcelain  acid-proof  fittings,  inverted  reflector 
fittings,  i:c. 

Messrs.  J.  Waddinoton  &  Son,  builders  and  electrical  fitters, 
<;  and  7,  Creed  Lane,  Ludgate  Hill,  E.G.,  have  sent  out  a  useful  little 
desk  calendar,  with  framed  monthly  slips,  a  complete  year  appearing 
on  the  back. 

The  Record  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  Caxton  House,  'Westminster, 
London,  S.W. — Twelve-page  catalogue  (M  10),  containing  a  full 
and  illustrated  description,  and  table  of  prices,  of  their  new  moving- 
coil  instruments  for  direct  current.  Also  a  collection  of  illustrated 
price  lists  in  binding  cover,  particularising  their  auto-battery  cut-in 
and  cut-outs,  circuit-breakers,  moving-iron  and  movinf,'-coil 
instruments  for  A.c.  and  d c,  and  switchboard  and  portable  shunts. 

Messrs.  Bedford,  Steer,  End  I'ic  Co.,  Ltd.,  78  to  84,  Long 
Lane,  Borough,  London,  S.E. — Price  leaflet  relating  to  asbestos 
woven  wire  resistance  nets. 

The  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  <;7,  Queen  Victoria  Street, 
London,  E.C.— Leaflet  (S  1,514)  giving  prices  of  Osram  candle  lamps 
Cplain  and  twisted  flame,  and  "  Spearhead  ").  Eight-page  cata- 
logue (No.  F  1,660)  containing  illustrations  and  prices  of  a  number 
of  designs  of  Holophone  pendants  for  direct,  indirect  and  diffused 
lighting. 

The  Aemobduct  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  Farringdon 
Avenue,  London,  B.C. — A  two-colour  folder,  showing  by  means  of 
outline  maps  the  extent  of  an  order  recently  received  from  the 
Postmaster-General  of  New  South  Wales  for  Armorduct  vulcanised 
rabber  cable  (1,115  miles). 

The  Westminster  Tool  and  Electric  Co.,  Suffolk  House, 
Laurence  Pountney  Hill,  London,  B.C. — Illustrated  price  leaflets 
relating  to  the  Westminster  electric  grill,  No.  6  electric  cooker 
(oven,  grill  and  boiling  plate),  and  the  No.  3  cooker. 

Mr.  0.  M.  Simpson,  Canada  House,  Baldwin  Street,  Bristol. — 
Neat' Httle  calendar  for  1913,  with  monthly  slips. 


Mu.  n.  (;.  Sl.INfjHiir,  142Hfi,  Old  Street,  London,  K.C  I.;ir(tr 
shojit  of  illuKtrationH  HhowinK  a  mnrvellouB  collwtion  of  a 
thousand  different  laililorH,  truolcn,  tower  wn(on«,  hand-cart»,  and 
othitr  such  things. 

Tlir,  Kiici.NEMTrm  MANiKACTUlilNr*  Co.,  127,  I'omeroy  Stri-ct. 
New  (JroHH,  London,  S.K.  Advanf.fl  copy  of  a  new  cittiiliik.'Ui!  of 
moulded  insiilatorH.  (lonsiderable  lulditionH  have  Ixw^n  made  to  the 
number  of  st^indard  mi/ch  of  buHhes  and  handleH,  all  of  which  can 
be  delivered  from  stock.  The  firm  have  made  conMidcrablc  rraloction 
in  the  prices  of  most  of  their  standard  artlclnh.  In  order  U> 
encourago  the  triule  to  kce,)  to  as  small  a  number  of  standardM  an 
popsible,  a  selected  niimlicr  of  bushes  prinU^  in  black  an; 
oll'ered  at  greatly  rciluced  prices.  The  cataloj^uo  openn  with 
particulars  of  tests,  and  the  following  st'ctions,  which  urc  separate! 
by  a  thumb  index,  contain  dimennioned  fall-Hi/«  sketches  of  bnghcti 
of  different  kinds,  handles,  sleeveji  and  washers,  caps,  tcrminaU 
and  brnshholders,  and  hand  wheels.  A  loose  list  shows  and  prioeti 
insulated  lampholders,  and  a  £.")()  free  insurance  against  death 
from  electrical  shock  is  available  for  anybody  who  may  tx;  using 
inferior  insulators. 

The  Wandsworth  Electrical  .Manltacti-'rini;  Co.,  Ltd., 
Imperial  Works,  Ludgate  Hill,  Birmingham. — Seventy-two-pag-e 
catalogue  containing  descriptive  notes,  prices,  and  very  clear 
illustrations  of  a  variety  of  switchlxjards,  tumbler  Hwitche8, 
ornamental  switch -covers,  secret  switches,  combination  switches  and 
plugs,  two-pin  floor  and  wall  sockets  and  plugs,  adapters,  cnt-ont«, 
fuseboards,  main  fuses,  spring-contact  switches,  knife  switches, 
ironclad  switches,  and  so  forth. 

Siemens  Brothers  Dvnajio  Works,  Ltd.,  Caxton  Hou8<». 
Westminster,  S.W. — Twelve-page  pamphlet  containing  a  list  of  their 
lantern  slides  that  are  held  in  stock.  Since  the  first  issue  of  this 
list  it  has  been  revised  and  considerably  increased  by  the  addition 
of  many  interesting  and  up-to-date  slides,  and  now  consists  of 
2HS  different  views.  The  slides  are  kept  in  stock  at  Caxton 
House,  and  are  loaned  free  of  charge  to  lecturers,  schools,  fee. 

Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  \;  Co.,  Ltd.,  Woolwich. — New  catalogue 
(No.  529)  of  eight  pages  and  cover,  giving  full  descriptive  notes, 
with  prices  and  illustrations,  concerning  their  small  and  large 
electric  motor  syrens  for  ordinary  and  for  sharply  defined  signals. 

Trade    Announcements. — Mkssrs.    Stei.xhach    and 

Hohn,  669,  Mansion  House  Chambers,  Bucklersbury.  London.  B.C., 
have  been  appointed  sole  agents  for  the  United  Kingdom  for 
Messrs.  Lindner  4:  Co.,  of  Sondershausen,  manufacturers  of  electrical 
porcelain  ware  and  fittings. 

The  M..\.X.  Maschinenkabrik  Ar«SBrR(;NiRNi!ER(;  A.G. 
announce  that  owing  to  increased  business  they  are  this  week 
moving  from  their  offices  in  the  East  Block  of  Caxton  House  to  a 
larger  suite  of  offlces  on  the  first  floor  of  the  West  Block  in  Caxton 
House. 

Mr.  E.  Allen,  formerly  manager  of  the  Central . Electric  Co., 
has  started  in  business  for  himself  under  the  title  of  E.  Allen  &  Co , 
electrical  engineers  and  contractors,  at  138  b,  Newington  Batts, 
London,  S.E.    Lists  and  catalogues  from  the  trade  are  asked  for. 

Messrs.  Grant  &  E\  ans,  electric  bell  fitters,  kc,  of  41,  Bridge 
Street,  Berwick-on-Tweed,  have  opened  a  branch  establishment  at 
Market  Place,  Coldingham. 

On  Monday  last  Messrs.  Mann,  Egerton  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  of 
Norwich,  removed  their  electrical  oflnces  from  82,  Victoria  Street, 
Westminster,  to  379-3S1,  Euston  Road,  London,  where  they  have 
taken  extensive  premises  for  their  motor-car  and  electrical  staff. 
The  firm  obtained  additional  accommodation  owing  to  the 
increase  in  their  electrical  and  motor-car  business  in  London. 

Mk.  S.  .1.  Brad-wall,  electrical  engineer,  of  Macclesfield,  has 
removed  from  Duke  Street  to  more  commodious  premises  at  Lowe 
Street,  Park  Green. 

Mr.  L.  a.  Wells,  late  electrical  contractor,  of  19,  St.  Margaret's 
Street,  and  Parade,  Canterbury,  has  disposed  of  his  business, 
and  is  leaving  for  Sydney  by  the  Drama  on  the  14th  inst.  He  will 
be  pleased  to  receive  all  correspondence,  especially  catalogues  from 
sign  specialists,  at  G.P.O.,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales. 

The  District  Iron  and  Steel  Co.,  Ltd.,  Smethwick,  have 
appointed  Mr.  F.  S.  Rippingille,  of  Winchester  House,  Birmingham, 
as  their  representative  for  the  specialities  manufactured  in  their 
electrical  conduit  department,  which  comprise  close-joint  conduit 
and  electrically-welded  screwed  conduits,  clips,  saddles,  couplers.  A;c. 

Private    Arranjfements.— H.v:\imoxi)    iV:    CHAJirxEs.s 

Ltd.,  Alfreton  Street,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E.  The  creditors 
interested  herein  were  called  together  on  Tuesday,  at  the  Great 
Eastern  Hotel,  Liverpool  Street,  B.C.,  when  a  statement  of  affairs 
was  presented,  which  had  been  prepared  by  Messrs.  Henry  J. 
Burgess  i:  Co.,  14,  St.  Mary  Axe,  E.G.,  showing  the  jxjsition  as  at 
January  17th  last.  This  disclosed  liabilities  of  £7.656.  The 
assets  were  valued  at  £4,525.  Mr.  Burgess  reported  that  he 
had  been  appointed  to  act  as  the  voluntary  liquidator  of 
the  company,  and  also  as  the  Receiver  on  behalf  of  the 
debenture-holders.  The  assets  had  not  been  taken  on  a  realisa- 
tion basis,  and  at  a  forced  sale  they  might  not  realise  the 
amount  at  which  they  were  set  down.  All  the  debentures  were 
issued  for  cash.  The  company  was  registered  in  March,  1910,  with 
a  nominal  capital  of  £4,000,  divided  into  3,700  preference  shares  of 
£1  each,  and  6,000  ordinary  shares  of  Is.  each.  The  total  number 
of  shares  taken  up  was  603"preference  shares,  and  the  6,000  ordinary 
shares  of  Is.  each  had  also  been  issued.  All  those  shares  were  fully 
paid  up.  A  creditor  said  he  understood  that  the  cosh  claims  were 
in  respect  of  moneys  advanced  to  the  j«Ttnership  by  the  partners, 


214 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,    [voi  72.  no.  1,837,  febeuaey  7, 1913 


and  the  debts  were  taken  ovor  by  the  company.  The  liquidator 
replied  that  there  were  cash  creditors  who  had  never  been 
partners  in  the  concern,  while  the  directors  were  now 
creditors  for  a  larger  amount  than  at  the  formation  of 
the  company.  A  solicitor,  who  appeared  for  the  cash 
creditors,  intimated  that  all  those  claims  would  be  withdrawn, 
and  a  document  to  that  effect  was  produced  at  the  meeting.  la 
answer  to  questions',  the  liquidator  stated  that  the  first  balance- 
sheet  prepared  was  at  September,  191(».  It  covered  a  period  of 
15  months'  trading,  including  nine  months  of  the  trading  of  the 
business  before  the  company  was  registered.  During  that  period 
there  was  a  loss  of  £292,  while  in  the  succeeding  12  months 
there  was  a  loss  of  £1,4")0.  During  the  12  months  to  September, 
1912.  the  debit  balance  was  increased  to  £2,100.  Mr.  E.  II. 
Hawkins  pointed  out  that  ever  since  the  company  had  been  formed 
it  had  carried  on  business  at  a  loss.  In  answer  to  questions,  it  was 
stated  that  in  the  last  balance-sheet  the  goodwill  of  the  company 
was  set  down  as  £700,  but  in  the  statement  of  affairs  no  value  was 
placed  upon  it.  Mr.  Burgess  added  that  he  had  been  carrying  on 
the  business  and  had  ompleted  some  small  contracts.  He  could 
offer  the  business  for  sale  as  a  going  concern,  and  if  that  was  not 
successful  he  could  attempt  to  dispose  of  the  assets  imder  the 
hammer.  The  opinion  was  expressed  by  certain  creditors  that 
application  should  he  made  to  the  Court  for  the  appointment  of  an 
independent  liquidator.  A  motion  to  that  effect  was,  however, 
defeated,  and  it  was  decided  to  appoint  a  committee  of  six  of  the 
principal  creditors  to  act  with  Mr.  Burgess  in  the  liquidation  of 
the  company.     The  following  are  the  principal  creditors  :  — 

Adams  British  Oil  Co XIG        General  Electric  Co £;M) 

Aston  Construoiion  Co,    . .         . .     154        Hoffmann  Manufacturing  Co.    . .       .10 

Auto  Machinery  Co 40        Knights,  H.  Newton  &  Co.,  Ltd.      174 

Aldous  4:  Smith       4!i        Lift  and  Hoist  Co 16 

Berglheil  &  Young,  Ltd 40        Macnamara,  J.  J 17 

Buckley,  8 4t<        Marryat  &  Place 28 

Brotherhood,  P.,  Ltd 4U        Mawdsleys,  Ltd 197 

Bellows,  J 40        Mosers.  Ltd IH 

Butler  &  Jordan 20        Nash,  W 82 

Balmforth,  T.,  *  Co 126        Neltlefold  &  Sone 30 

Brotherton  Tubes  and  Conduits,  Oliver  Arc  Lamp  Co 46 

Ltd 31        Potter,  F.  W.,  &  Co E.'i 

Croggon  &  Co.,  Ltd 10        Rediialh,  Brown  &  Co 100 

Couldrav,  W n        Reid  Gear  Co 65 

Cohen,  J.,  4  Co 21        Kodney  Foundry  Co.,  Ltd.        ..     147 

Dixon    &     Corbitt     and    B.    8.  Russell,  J..  &  Co.,  Ltd 22 

Newiitl  *  Co.,  Ltd 80        Smith,  A.  J.,  &  Co.  ..         ..241 

Electric  Control.  Ltd 55        Hewell,  Edwards  &  Nevill  . .      28 

Gcipel,  Wni  ,  &  t  0 63        Varley  Magnet  Co 30 

Bankruptcy  Proceedin»'S. — Samiel  Loko,  director  of 

a  limited  company,  1>!,  James  Street,  Liverpool. — This  debtor 
attended  at  the  Court  House,  (iovernment  Buildings,  Victoria 
Street,  LiverpoDl,  on  January  27th,  for  his  adjourned  public 
examination,  before  Mr.  Registrar  Howarth.  The  Official  Receiver 
said  he  had  no  further  questions  to  ask.  Although  he  was  not 
satisfied  with  the  information  he  had  obtained  from  the  debtor,  he 
did  not  think  he  could  carry  the  matter  further.  Mr.  Ross, 
8oli.2itor,  said  that  the  debtor  had  given  all  the  information  in  his 
power,  and  as  no  goad  purpose  would  be  served  by  keeping  the 
matter  open,  he  asked  that  the  public  examination  should  be  closed. 
The  Official  Receiver  said  he  would  mt  oppose  the  closing,  as  he 
was  not  proiiared  to  proceed  further  at  present.  The  examination 
was  ordered  to  be  closed. 

Wesley  Sitton,  i;2.  Dale  Street,  Liverpool — This  debtor  also 
attended  on  January  27th,  before  Mr.  Registrar  Howarth,  for  his 
adjourned  public  examination.  The  Official  Receiver  made  the 
same  ob^ervaUons  as  in  the  above  case,  and  the  examination  was 
ordered  to  be  closed. 

Chas.  Lewis,  electrical  engineer,  lately  licensed  victualler.  Old 
Trafford. — Receiving  order  made  at  Manchester  on  January  29th, 
on  debtor's  own  petition.  First  meeting,  February  12th  ;  public 
examination,  February  21st. 

Patents  Applications. — Tuk  Economic  Enginekrim; 

ASu  CONSTUUCTION  Cd.  have  applied  f Or  the  restoration  of  patent 
No.  8,:i2H,  of  1907,  granted  to  E.  M.  Bassler,  for  "  Improvements  in 
and  relating  to  Conveyors." 

An  order  has  been  made  restoring  patent  No.  22,968,  of  1904, 
granted  to  II.  H.Lake  for  an  invention  communicated  by  the  Oil  and 
Waste  Saving  Co.,  of  U.S.A.,  for  '"Improvements  in  Centrifugal 
Machines." 

FindiDi!^  Lost  Pipes. — AVe  regret  that  in  our  issue  of 
January  24th  the  address  of  the  English  makers  of  the  wireless 
pipe  locator  was  incorrectly  stated.  The  firm  is  that  of  Me.ssks. 
Edwin  A.  Mansiield  i:  Co.,  12,  Beckenham  Road,  New  Brighton, 
Cheshire,  and  all  applicants  will  receive  full  particulars  on  appli- 
cation. 

Di.ssolution. — "Wuf.klku  &  Miiu-nv  (J.  E.  "Wheeler 
and  W.  Murphy),  electrical  engineers,  Northwuod. — Partnership 
dissolved  ;  Mr.  Wheeler  attends  to  debts. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Aberdeen, — In  view  of  the  proposal  to  supply  electricity 
to  Banchory  and  Ballater  and  intermediate  plases  on  Deeside,  Mr. 
Bell  has  been  authorised  to  visit  districts  where  overhead  trans- 
missions  are  in  use. 

The  Electric  Lighting  Department  is  to  apply  to  the  Secretary  for 
Bootlatid  frir  bofrowing  pijvrere  for  iE?D,fCa 


Accrin^ton. — An  application  has  been  received  by  the 
Electricity  Committee  from  Messrs.  Peebles  i:  Co.,  of  Rishton  Paper 
Mills,  for  a  minimum  electrical  isupply  of  1,000,000  kw.  hours  per 
annum.  This  has  been  referred  to  the  sub-Committee  for  con- 
sideration, with  power  to  agree  to  terms.  A  contract  has  been 
entered  into  for  a  supply  of  electrical  energy  to  the  Accrington 
Brick  and  Tile  Co.  for  a  period  of  three  years. 

Alderman  Iligham,  the  chairman  of  the  Electricity  Committee, 
last  week  forecasted  an  early  reduction  in  the  price  of  current  for 
lighting.  The  experiment  of  generating  electricity  by  the  Mond 
gds  system,  said  Alderman  Higham,  was  proving  a  success,  and  the 
tabulated  results  would  doubtless  be  eagerly  awaited  and  keenly 
criticised  by  electricity  experts  throughout  the  country.  Quite  a 
number  of  people  interested  in  the  cheap  production  of  electricity 
had  visited  the  electricity  works  since  the  plant  was  started. 

Athenry. — The  proposed  improvements  to  be  effected  in 
this  town  include  an  electric  lighting  scheme,  to  cost  £2,000. 

Bewdley. — At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C.  on  Monday,  it  was 
announced  that  negotiations  were  proceeding  for  the  establishment 
of  electric  light  works  in  the  town  by  a  private  company,  who  would 
give  the  Corporation  the  option  to  purchase  the  undertaking  at 
stated  intervals.  The  Mayor  stated  that  the  negotiations,  although 
not  yet  completed,  were  in  a  very  forward  ttate,  and  there  was  every 
likelihood  of  the  scheme  being  carried  through. 

Bolton, — An  inquiry  was  held  on  .January  30th,  on 
bahalf  of  the  L.G.B.,  relative  to  the  T.C.'s  application  for  sanction 
to  borrow  £  130,000  for  carrying  out  a  big  extension  scheme  in  con- 
nection with  the  electricity  undertaking,  including  the  erection  and 
complete  equipment  of  a  generating  station  on  a  site  known  as 
Back-o'-th'-Bank.  The  town  clerk  said  that  the  land  had  already 
been  acquired.  In  consequence  of  alterations  made  in  the  scheme, 
the  actual  amount  now  estimated  to  be  required  was  £122.00(1. 

The  scheme,  for  which  the  borough  electrical  engineer,  Mr.  A.  A. 
Day,  is  responsible,  has  been  deemed  necessary  by  reason  of  the  fact 
that  the  existing  power  station  at  8pa  Road  has  become  inadequate. 
The  initial  capacity  of  the  plant  proposed  is  two  4,000-KW. 
turbo-alternators  generating  three-pha.se  current  at  5(i  cycles  and 
6,500  volts.  Coal  will  be  delivered  from  the  L.  \  Y.  Railway  siding 
direct  on  top  of  the  boiler  house,  and  on  the  other  side  of  the  site  iB 
the  River  Tonge,  the  water  of  which  will  be  available  for  condensing 
purposes.  In  addition  to  the  river,  there  will  be  extensive  reservoir 
capacity  for  condensing  purposes. 

The  Inspector  said  if  the  Board  approved  the  general  scheme, 
subject  to  future  details  being  satisfactory,  it  would  fix  a  limit  to 
the  expenditure. 

Canada, — The  Carillion  Falls,  on  the  Ottawa  River, 
3.")  miles  from  Montreal,  will  be  the  source  of  power  of  the  National 
Hydro-Electric  Co.,  with  a  capital  of  $1,000,000,  which  will  seek  a 
market  in  Montreal  for  the  148,000  h.p.  which  could  be  developed 
from  them. 

The  immense  water-power  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  above 
Montreal,  is  a  source  of  great  temptation  to  speculators  and  others 
on  b  )th  sides  of  the  Canadian  border.  Another  attempt  is  to  be 
made  to  convert  the  possibilities  of  the  river  into  an  electric 
development  proposition.  The  promoters  of  this  scheme  are  th6 
Canadian  Light  and  Power  Co.  Application  has  been  made  some 
time  ago  to  the  Government  at  Ottawa  for  authorisation  to  build 
dams  across  the  river  near  Coateaw,  at  the  head  of  the  rapids,  and 
at  the  entrance  to  the  Cedars.  Works  involving  from  §15,000,000 
to  $20,000,000  are  projected,  in  addition  to  those  already  under  con- 
struction at  the  foot  of  Beauharnais  Canal.  The  scheme,  it  is 
understood,  will  provide  for  the  production  of  close  to  a  half-million 
horse-power  within  easy  reach  of  Blontreal. 

Caton  (Lanes.). — An  effort  is  being  made  to  establish 
an  electric  light  undertaking  at  Caton.  Efforts  are  being  made  to 
ascertain  the  probable  number  nf  consumers,  and  if  there  ia  a 
sufficient  demand,  steps  will  be  taken  to  supply  it. 

Cliristchurcli. — The  B.  of  (i.  has  decided  to  take  a. 
supply  of  current  from  the  Bournemouth  and  Poole  Electricity^ 
Supply  Co.,  for  at  least  five  years,  at  3id.  per  KW.-hour  for  lighting, 
and  Ijd.  per  KW.-hour  for  power  and  heating. 

Continental  Xotes.— Belou-.m.— La  Socictc  Beige  Popp' 

(Traitement  des  MiHaux   par  I'Electriciti')  is  the  name  of  a  new 
company  which  has  just  been  formed  in  Brussels  with  a  capital  of 
£.".0,000,  to  establish  a  plant  for  the  electrical  treatment  of  metal  W 
in  accordance  with  certain  patented  processes.  ' 

Spain. — The  municipal  authorities  of  Sarria  (province  of  Lugo) 
have  just  invited  tenders  for  the  concession  for  the  electric  lighting 
of  the  town  during  a  period  of  1 0  years. 

Gekmanv. — The  Cstharz  Ueberland  Zentrale  Gesellschaft  is  th? 
name  of  a  new  company  which  has  lately  been  formed  at  Dessau,  », 
with  .a  capital  of  £.50,000,  to  establish  a  central  electricity  genera-  - 
tion  station  for  the  supply  of  current  for  lighting  and  power  ' 
purposes  to  a  number  of  small  towns  and  villages  in  the  East  Ilartz  4 
district. 

Sweden. — The  new   Swedish  budget  makes  provision   for  the 
following  electrical  works  and  acquisitions  for  the  State  railways 
and    power   stations,   &c. :— For  the    frontier   railway,    additional 
electrical  etjuipment  £3(l,.".55,  and  £22,222  for   1911  ;  continuation 
of   the  works   at   the   new   Trolhattan  canal,  £  1  GO,  (i6(),  including 
£.5,277  already   voted   from  the  widening  of  the  Stallback  canal ; ;: 
extensions  at  the  Trolhattan  power  station,  for  a  first  and  second  ^i 
outbuilding,    £7,222,    and    for    a    third    building    £8,888,     with^- 
£7,222      for     extras ;     for      electrical      plant      at      the      Trol-  ., 
hattan:^pow6i-  «tfttl(jn  £S,883  ;    contltitifltfan  of  wbtkB  at  Pdirjui. 


voi.7j.  No.  1,837.  fhbbuaby  7, 1912.]     THE    RTiRCTRICAl j    review. 


215 


3wer  Htalioii,  £41,000  ;  and  for  IncrcMiinr  the  water  Htcrni,"" 
ipooity  of  till!  Store  l-ulo  river  £4,000  ;  for  the  Alfkoricby 
iHtallation  iir/J.OOO,  iK'niiie*  a  like  aniount  for  the  trunmninHioii 
Btwork  from  HtationH. — AJI'iirsitirltli-ii. 

Derby. — Tlio   E.L.  Committee  of  the  T.C.  has  recoiir 

rn.lc.l  an  application  to  the  L  O.IJ.  for  a  loan  of  £13,500  fo>" 
lilitidiiiil  plant,  >^c.,  viz.,  2.00()-K\v.  turbint'  set,  with  condenHinK 
ant  and  foiindalionn,  £9,000  ;  rotary  converter  and  tranBfoinior. 
1,000;  niotor-frenerator,  1 2,500  ;  Hwitcbifear,  £750;  cable  wot k 
id  BnndrioH,  £'-'"iO. 

Doutflas. — At  a  Special  meeting  of  tlie  T.C.  it  whh 
Bcldod  by  a  majority  of  li  votcH  to  secure  an  cBtimate  for  a  scheme 
f  decorative  electric  liprhtiD^'  for  the  promenadcH  of  South  Douelas, 
le  coHt  not  to  exceed  £12,00o.  An  amendment  to  obtain  a  report 
a  a  Himilar  Hcheme  at  half  the  coat  was  defeated.  .Vnother  motion 
iscindinir  the  previous  decision  cmpoworinpr  the  Council  to  take  a 
leblscite  of  the  town  on  an  enlarged  scheme  to  cost  £28,000  was 
irried.  It  was  pointed  out  that  no  Act  provided  for  a  plebiscite 
1  electric  liphtinp-,  and  the  Council  would  be  liable  to  be  surcharsred 
ith  the  cost. 

Dover. — The  sanction  of  the  L.G.I5.  is  to  be  obtained  to 
le  borrowintf  of  a  further  £300  for  transformers. 

Dudley. — Tlic  Electric  Lighting  Committee  is  making 
eceesary  recommendation  to  the  Council  for  the  purpose  of  carry- 
ig  on  the  gencratinp:  station  until  such  time  as  the  works  are 
anded  over  to  the  Electric  Traction  Co.  and  co-operating  firms',  in 
Bcordance  with  the  deed  of  sale.  Mr.  C.  E.  Savage,  the  electrical 
ogineer,  has  accepted  another  position  near  Dudley,  but  the  Com- 
littee  advises  the  Council  to  ask  him  to  devote  half  or  two-thirds  of 
is  time  to  the  work  of  station  cDgineer  at  the  rate  of  £25  per 
lonth  until  the  transfer.  It  is  further  recommended  that  the 
srvices  of  Mr.  Savage  be  retained  after  the  date  of  the  transfer, 
t  an  annual  fee  of  £21,  for  the  purpose  of  inspecting  the  cost  and 
uantities  conf-umed  on  the  street  lighting  contrac'',  and  for  the 
sainination  of  the  tramway  plant  under  the  lease. 

Dandee. — ^Fessrs.  INFather  it  Piatt  are  fitting  a  factory  in 
lie  centre  of  the  city  with  three-phase  motors,  and  those  already 
onnected  to  the  Corporation  mains  are  giving  every  satisfaction, 
adividnal  drive  on  the  Schorch  system  has  been  adopted  at  a 
iwstory  in  the  Lochee  district,  which  is  connected  to  the  Corpora- 
ion  mains. 

Darham. — The  R.D.C.  has  decided  to  have  the  electric 
ight  installed  at  Honghal  Hospital,  where  oil  lamps  are  at  present 
a  use. 

Edinburgh. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Corporation  Electric 
lighting  Committee,  it  was  agreed  to  advise  the  T.C.  to  give  a 
irect  electric  supply  to  Redford  Barracks,  conditional  upon  the 
onsent  T)f  the  county  authorities  being  obtained.  A  proposal  to 
ive  a  supply  to  Duddingston  was  remitted  to  the  engineer  for 
eport,  and  a  Sub-Committee  was  appointed  to  consider  the  question 
if  opening  showrooms  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting  electrical 
ittings  and  apparatus,  and  demonstrating  their  utility. 

Ect'les. — At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  E.L.  Committee, 
)articulars  were  given  as  to  the  annual  amount  of  electrical  energy 
vhich  the  Salford  Corporation  would  agree  1o  take  for  its  tram- 
vays,  and  its  willingness  to  agree  to  a  "coal'  clause,  whereby  a 
i  rise  or  fall  in  the  price  of  coal  would  be  reflected  in  the  price  of 
inergy. 

Glasgow, — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Electricity  Com- 
nittee,  the  engineer  reported  that  the  consumption  of  coal  at  the 
tenerating  stations,  and  the  output  of  electricity  had  largely 
iiceed  d  his  estimates,  and  a  special  sub-committee  has  been 
empowered  to  purchase  such  additional  quantity  of  coal  as  may  be 
Mnsidered  necessary. 

The  T.C.  at  its  first  meeting  is  to  te  asked  to  approve  of  a  proposal 
jy  the  sub-committee  for  the  holding  of  an  exhibition  of  electrical 
ippar.itus  in  the  city  at  a  date  probably  in  the  la'e  autumn,  and  to 
^mpower  the  committee  to  make  the  necessary  arrangements.  Mr. 
James  Freer,  who  managed  the  last  two  smoke-abatement  exhi- 
oitions,  is  proposed  to  manage  the  latest  venture,  which  was 
Drought  about  on  the  invitation  of  several  manufacturers  and 
agents. 

Gloucester. — The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  a  licence  to 
enable  the  T.C.  to  supply  electricity  to  the  Children's  Hospital  at 
Longford. 

Hertfordshire. — Petitions  are  to  be  lodged  by  the 
C  C.  against  the  following  Electric  Lighting  orders  : — Watford 
(Extension),  Barnet  (Extension"),  Colne  Valley,  Rickinansworth, 
Chlorleywood  and  District,  and  the  Northwocd  and  Ruislip 
(Extension). 

Hestoii-Isle'worlh. — In  respect  of  mains  and  house 
services,  two  further  loans  of  £1,200  and  £800  are  to  be  applied 
for  by  the  Council. 

Hornsey. — Tc-morrow  the  Council's  new  plant  at  th 

generating  station  is  to  be  inaugurated.  This  consists  of  a  750- KW. 
Belliss-E.C.C.  direct-current  set,  with  a  speed  of  2.")0  r.I'.m.  The 
engine  is  of  the  triple-expansion  type,  and  exhausts  to  a  Mirrlees 
barometric  condenser  with  two  Rees-Roturbo  pumps  driven  by  a 
Bruce  Peebles  motor  for  supplying  condensing  water.  A  Baker  oil 
separator  is  provided,  and  the  hot  well  water  is  passed  through  a 
softening  apparatus  to  the  boiler  feed  tank,  in  connection  with 
which  a  Rees-Roturbo  electrically -driven  boiler  feed  pump  has  been 


inHtulk'd.  A  Iiiil>c<>ck  wut^rtulM'  iKiilcr  wan  iniitttll'd  tlxiut  11 
inonthH  ago,  ami  u  further  tKjilcr  of  Ihi-  marim-  tj\»;  with  i-Ikv 
tricallydrivcii  htokcr  gear,  roal  bunkrr^  Uc  ,  ha«  Uk-ii  a/ldnl,  whlfc 
the  engine  room  hun  lioi-n  extendi d  tufflcif-ntly  to  accoiiiinr.'lBtfl  two 
further  large  Ketn,  in  addition  to  that  jumI  Inntallid.  The  work  han 
been  carried  out  under  the  direction  of  the  borough  el<-<;tric»l 
engineer,  Mr.  Normon  Stanilan<l. 

Ilford.  .Aililicatioii  is  to  Iw;  ma<le  tf>.  the  I..<J.H.  fur 
>anction  to  bonow  £10,000,  Ix^irg  the  e«timat«d  expenditur*"  on 
mains  extensioiiH  during  the  n(;xt  three  yearn.  The  amount  in  m«d<- 
up  as  follows  ;-  Private  mains,  Jifj^OO  ;  public  mains,  £1,000  :  houho 
Hervicen,  £3,500  ;  legal  and  loan  charges,  £100.  A  nupply  in  to  b«! 
given  to  the  Omnibus  Co.,  at  itit  new  garage  ot  Seven  Kinga,  on  the 
two- rate  system. 

kislinitbury  (Xorthants).  — .\  meeting  of  the  rate- 
payers has  pas.Hed  a  resolution  supjxjrting  a  propoBal  to  obtain  a 
supply  of  electricity  from  Northampton  through  the  Electric  Light 
Co.,  and  pledging  them  to  become  consumers  when  a  supply  is  avail- 
able. 

Ltwes. — An  «0-ft.  chimney  8taci<  fell  on  Monday  night 
on  to  the  local  electricity  workp,  doing  considerable  damage. 

Liverpool. — .\pplicationfi  are  to  Ijc  made  to  the  Hoard 
of  Trade  and  the  L.G.B.,  for  sanction  to  the  Ixirrowing  of  £8,00<J 
and  £40.000  for  the  provision  of  additional  tramway  earn  and  elec- 
tric mains,  resf  ectively. 

London. —  H.a.m.mkks.mitu — The  Major  and  members  of 
the  Council  last  week  paid  a  visit  to  the  electricity  works  in 
Fulham  Palace  Uoad.  Particular  interest  was  taken  in  the  lapt 
turbine  installed,  which  was  supplied  by  Messrs.  Richardsons,  West- 
garth  .t  Co.  It  has  a  capacity  of  3,000  kw.,  with  :i,7.oO  kw.  in 
case  of  emergency  for  two  hours.  In  the  works  there  are  now  nine 
machines,  viz.,  four  turbines  and  five  high-speed  reciprocating 
generators,  the  total  capacity  of  the  whole  being  10,300  KW. 

The  sum  of  £3,0()0  is  to  be  taken  up  from  the  L.C.C.  for  elec- 
tricity purposes,  viz.,  £1,239  for  mains,  repayable  in  25  years  ;  £13s 
for  switchgear,  within  15  years:  £l,32t  for  house  services  within 
12   years  :  and  £290  for  meters  within  10  years. 

Maidstone. — The  T.C.  has  adopted  the  recommendation 
of  the  Electricity  Committee  to  extend  the  plant  and  buildings  at 
the  electricity  works  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £5,620. 

Middlesex.— With  the  view  of  protecting  the  county 
interests,  a  petition  is  to  be  lodged  against  the  Metropolitan 
Electric  Tramways  (RaillcES  Traction)  Bill,  1913.  Objections  have 
been  lodged  against  the  Colne  Valley  Electric  Supply  Prov.  Order 
and  the  Wood  Green  Electric  Lighting  Prov.  Order. 

Newport  (Mon.). — As  an  experiment,  the  Borough  Edu- 
cation  Committee  has  decided  to  have  the  electric  light  installed  in 
the  Bolt  Street  and  Eveswell  schools. 

Oldliaill. — A  point  in  connection  with  the  proposed  new 
plant  at  the  electricity  works  was  raised  at  a  meeting  of  the  Cor- 
poration Electricity  Committee  last  week.  Councillor  C.  Hardman 
said  that  a  local  firm  had  asked  if  the  Committee  could  let  them 
have  1,000  HP.  The  Committee  had  intended  to  get  a  1,.500-h.p. 
set,  and  that  might  be  too  small  in  view  of  the  many  applications. 
The  engineer  (Mr.  Newington)  said  a  2,000-h.p.  set  was  slightly 
more  economical  than  the  1.500  h.p.  set.  The  working  cost  was 
practically  the  same,  and  the  present  boiler  power  would  be 
sufficient.  It  was  decided  that  the  Committee  should  put  a 
2,000-H.P.  set  in  the  application  for  borrowing  powers  which  is  to 
be  made,  instead  of  the  1,500  h  p.  set,  as  first  suggested  :  also  to 
ask  permission  to  supply  a  Royton  firm,  which  is  just  on  the 
border. 

Pljmonth.— The  Electricity  Committee  of  the  T.C.  has 
decided  to  extend  and  alter  the  plant  and  mains  at  the  electricity 
works,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £7.500.  Of  this  £2,000  for  altera- 
tions will  be  met  out  of  the  reserve  fund,  and  a  loan  will  be  applied 
for,  for  the  balance  of  £5,500. 

Rickmansworth.— The  U.D.C.  has  decided,  for  certain 
reasons  submitted  to  the  B.  of  T.,  not  to  support  the  application  for 
a  prov.  order 'for  electric  light  ot  Jlr.  R.  E.  H.  Fisher,  who  had 
asked  the  B.  of  T.  to  dispense  with  the  Council's  consent.  The 
Watford  R  D.C.  has  also  taken  a  similar  attitude,  and  has  informed 
the  B.  of  T.  that  it  cannot  support  the  application  of  any  particular 
e'ectrical  company. 

Sr.  Albans.— The  B.  of  G.  has  appointed  a  Committee 
to  go  into  the  whole  question  of  lighting  the  workhouse  at  present 
lit  by  gas. 

Salford. — An  agreement  has  been  entered  into  with  the 
Calico  Printers'  Association  for  supplying  energy  to  them,  subject  to  a 
minimum  payment  being  guaranteed,  and  to  the  pajmentof  £1 
per  quarter  per  li.P.  demanded,  and  Id.  per  KW.-hour.  A  contract 
is  being  entered  into  with  the  Lancashire  Electric  Power  Co.  for 
supplying  energy  in  bulk ;  the  Manchester  Corporation  also 
tendered  for  this  supply.  The  sanction  of  the  L.G.B.  is  to  be 
obtained  to  the  borrowing  of  £12,000  for  the  installation  of  rotary 
converters,  transformers  and  switchgear  required  at  the  Frederick 
Road  station  in  connection  with  the  taking  of  the  above  bulk 
supply. 

Scarborough. — The  Corptn-ation  has  appointed  a  Sub 
Committee  to  consider  the  question  of  the  taking  over  of  the 
Scarborough  electric  supply  undertaking.  The  Corporation  has 
the  option  of  doing  so,  if  it  thinks  such  a  step  desirable,  at  stated 


216 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [VoL72.  no.  i,837,  fbbkuaby  7, 1913. 


ntcrvals.      The    Sub-Committee    has    been    instructed    to   report 
generally  upon  the  question  of  purchasinpf  the  undertaking-. 

Shipley  (lorks.), -The  Shipley  District  Council  con- 
templates extendintf  its  scheme  of  electric  street  lighting;,  and  has 
iMued  instructions  for  the  preparation  of  a  scheme  and  estimates 
of  the  cost  of  liirhting  both  by  electricity  and  by  gjas. 

Sta^eley. — Scvpi-al  influential  residents  are  interesting 
themselves  in  a  scheme  for  obtaiuinfif  a  supply  of  electricity  for  the 
parish.  Kncriry  could  be  supplied  from  the  Devonshire  works  of 
the  Stavoley  Coal  and  Iron  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  it  is  understood  that 
efforts  will  be  made  to  secure  a  supply. 

Sniidfrland. — The  estimates  for  the  Corporation  Elec- 
tricity Department  for  the  year  ending  March  :Ust  show  an  income 
of  £67,V'!i'  and  an  expenditure  of  dk'61,218,  leavinp  an  estimated 
credit  balance  of  £6,724 — a  substantial  increase  on  the  figures  of 
last  year.  Of  the  net  profit,  it  is  intended  to  take  £1,200  for  the 
renewal  of  mains,  and  place  the  remainder  to  the  credit  of  the 
renewals  fund. 

Sotton  (Surrey). — The  .South  Metropolitan  Electric 
Tramways  and  Lig-htini?  Co.  has  decided  to  supply  current  to  con- 
sumers at  Sutton  for  heatinp:  at  Ijd.  per  Kw.-hour  on  a  minimum 
quarterly  consumption  of  100  Kw. -hours. 

Wednesbury. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  recom- 
mended that  application  be  made  to  the  L.G.6.  for  sanction  to 
borrow  £2,000,  for  sundry  electric  mains,  and  a  further  sum  of 
£1,000  to  cover  estimated  expenditure  on   service  connections. 

WestliOQ^bton. — It  was  announced  recently  that  the 
D.C.  had  decided  to  approach  the  Lancashire  Electric  Power  Co.  as 
to  whether  it  would  be  prepared  to  discuss  terms  for  an  extension 
of  the  lighting  of  the  district  by  electricity. 

Wliitstable-Oll-Sea. — The  electric  light  (juestion,  re- 
ferred to  in  the  last  issue  of  the  Electrical  Revikw,  was  again 
discussed  by  the  U.D.C.  on  January  28th,  when  Mr.  A.  A.  Kemp 
proposed  that  the  resolution  of  September  Ist,  relative  to  the 
application  of  the  Council  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  a  prov.  order,  be 
rescinded.  On  this  being  carried  by  6  votes  to  5,  Mr.  Kemp  moved 
that  the  Council  consider  the  establishment  of  an  electric  light 
undertaking  by  a  private  promoter,  and  this  was  adopted  by  G  votes 
to  4. 

Wood  (ireen.— As  recently  stated  in  these  columns,  the 
U.D.C.  has  decided  to  sell  its  provisional  order  to  the  Tottenham 
and  Edmonton  Gas  Co.  for  £500,  subject  to  terms  of  supply,  repur- 
chase, ^c.  The  Gas  Co.  is,  therefore,  seeking  the  necessary  Parlia- 
mentary powers  to  supply  electric  light  On  the  other  hand,  the 
North  Metropolitan  Electrical  Power  Distribution  Co.  is  applying 
to  the  B.  of  T.  for  an  order  empowering  it  to  supply  Wood  Green. 
At  a  meeting  on  January  .SOth,  arranged  by  the  local  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  the  Chamber  adopted  the  unusual  course  of  inviting  the 
heads  of  both  the  Electricity  and  Gas  Co.'s  to  attend,  and  in 
response,  Mr.  Broadberry  (manager  of  the  Gas  Co.),  Mr.  Devonshire 
(chairman  of  the  Electricity  Co.),  and  Mr.  Ruthven  Murray  (the  Elec- 
tricity Co.'s  expert),  together  with  Mr.  Spencer  Hawes  (the  District 
Council's  expert  adviser),  were  present.  Each  was  invited  to  express 
his  views,  after  which  they  withdrew,  and  the  traders — who  will  be 
the  principal  consumers,  apart  from  the  public  lighting — voted 
upon  the  Council's  action. 

Mr.  Broadberry,  for  the  Gas  Co.,  said  his  company  was  binding 
itself  to  a  maximum  price  of  5d.  per  KW.-hour,  and  undertaking  to 
supply  within  one  year.  The  Order  which  the  Power  Co.  was  to 
obtain  now  fixed  the  maximum  price  at  8d.,  and  did  not  undertake 
a  supply  for  two  years.  Ilis  company  would  install  gas  engines  of 
a  new  type,  which  would  be  almost  as  silent  as  sewing  machines. 
It  was  not  securing  the  Order  to  stifle  it.  With  both  gas  and  elec- 
tricity in  the  hands  of  one  concern,  there  would  be  no  overlapping 
of  canvassing,  and  it  mattered  not  to  the  Gas  Co.  whether  its  gas 
was  being  used  with  incandescent  mantles,  or  for  the  purpose  of 
creating  electricity. 

Mr.  Devonshire,  for  the  Electric  Power  Co.,  said  the  Wood  Green 
ratepayers  owed  the  Power  Co.  a  debt  of  gratitude,  for  in  1 904  it  saved 
them  from  what  at  one  time  appeared  to  be  a  very  foolish  expendi- 
ture, when  about  to  embark  upon  the  huge  outlay  of  £45,000  upon 
electric  lighting.  Happily  the  scheme  was  abandoned,  and  he 
estimated  that  the  Power  Co.  thus  saved  the  ratepayers  an  annual 
expenditure  of  £12,000.  From  that  time  onwards,  the  Power  Co. 
submitted  various  schemes  for  the  supply  of  electricity  in  bulk, 
realising  that  with  its  enormous  plant  it  could  generate  far  more 
cheaply  than  the  Council  could  ever  hope  to  do  it.  In  one  bulk 
supply  scheme  that  came  near  to  adoption,  the  Council  wanted  an 
indemnity  clause,  to  which  the  company  could  certainly  not  agree, 
so  that  the  scheme  was  dropped.  In  1907  another  scheme  was  pre- 
sented but  never  proceeded  with.  The  Power  Co.  had  endeavoured 
to  do  busines-H  with  the  Council,  but  it  seemed  as  if  it  would  not 
meet  with  success,  and  now  it  had  had  enough  of  it.  Although  the 
methods  of  procedure  adopted  by  the  respective  companies  to  get 
the  powers  were  different,  they  would  both  meet  in  Parliament,  and 
he  trusted  that  the  Power  Co.  would  be  able  to  convince  that  high 
tribunal  which  was  the  better  of  the  two  schemes. 

Mr.  Ruthven  Murray,  the  Power  Co.'s  expert,  derided  little  gas 
stations,  and  said  they  were  being  scrapped.  The  maximum  of  8d. 
woB  merely  protective,  and  was  seldom,  if  ever,  reached. 

Mr.  Spencer  Hawes,  the  Council's  expert,  emphatically  declared 
himself  in  favour  of  the  'ias  Co.  s  scheme,  and  assured  the 
Chamber  of   Commerce  that   the  Council  had  acted  in  the   best 


interests  of  ratepayers  and  possible  consumers  in  agreeing  to 
dispose  of  its  order  to  the  Gas  Co.,  which  had  treated  it  most 
fairly  in  the  matter. 

Mr.  F.  G.  Holmes,  the  only  member  of  the  Council  against  the 
Kcheme,  said  the  Council  would  be  at  the  mercy  of  the  Gas  Co.  if 
the  scheme  were  sanctioned  by  Parliament.  He  estimated  that  the 
total  turnover  on  gas  at  Wood  Green  was  £50,000  a  year,  yet  the 
Council  was  giving  the  company  a  monopoly  for  £500.  He 
l>elieved  in  competition. 

A  resolution  was  carried  that  the  Council's  action  in  agreeing  to 
sell  the  order  to  the  Gas  Co.  was  not  in  the  best  interest."*  of  the 
district.  This  decision  is  regarded  in  the  neighbourhood  as  an 
important  weapon  with  which  to  strengthen  the  hands  of  the  elee- 
trie  light  company. 

Vork. — A  report  shows  that  the  total  income  of  the 
York  electricity  undertaking  for  the  nine  months  ended'. 
December  3l8t,  1912,  was  £19,901,  as  compared  with  £15,944- 
durinti  the  corresponding  period  of  1911,  an  increase  of  £3,956, 
The  expenses  were  £9,010,  having  grown  from  £f.,904.  The  coat 
per  unit  during  the  period  was  53(1.,  as  compared  with  'SOd.  The^ 
increased  demands  and  the  expected  requirements  of  the  next 
winter  have  resulted  in  the  Electricity  Committee  recommendiDff 
the  Corporation  to  apply  for  power  to  borrow  £30,000  for  the 
purposes  of  extensions  of  plant  and  mains. 

The  loan  is  to  be  applied  for,  for  the  following  purposes  : — 
3,500-KW.  turbo-alternator  with  condenser,  £14,267  ;  two  water- 
tube  boilers,  with  superheater  and  chain-grate  stokers  and  steam 
pipes,  £4,170;  H.T.  cables,  £(),551  ;  battery  room  and  battery,- 
£4,722  ;  sheds  for  locomotive  and  main  stores,  £600  ;  con^-^ 
tingencies,  £300. 

A  poll  of  the  ratepayers  was  taken  on  Friday  last  to 
determine  the  future  of  the  proposal  to  obtain  Parliamentary 
powers  to  purchase  the  CJas  Co.'s  undertaking.  Curiously  enough, 
the  proposal  appears  to  have  been  largely  supported  by  the  members 
of  the  local  Electricity  Committee,  but  nevertheless  the  ballot 
resulted  in  a  majority  of  2,007,  out  of  8,629,  against  the  proposed^ 
Bill. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Belfast, — The  extension  of  the  tramways  system  was 
opened  on  the  28th  ult.,  and  since  then  there  has  been  a  substantial- 
traffic  on  the  new  roads — Bloomfield,  Donegal  Road,  Oldpark  Road, 
Ligoneil,  Stranmillis  Road  and  Ravenhill  Road.  The  B.  of  T. 
inspection  was  carried  out  the  day  before. 

Blackpool. — The  T.C.  has  approved  of  the  Tramways 
Committee's  proposal  to  borrow  £10,000  for  extensions,  including 
the  purchase  of  six  additional  "  toast-rack  "  cars. 

Brighton. — The  T.C.  has  rejected  a  proposal  of  Messrs. 
Tilling  to  run  a  service  of  petrol-electric  'buses. 

Cannock. — The    R.D.C.    has    decided   to  support   the 

application  of  the  Great  Wyrley  P.C.  to  the  Walsall  Corporation  for 
motor-'bus  or  tramway  facilities  between  Great  Wyrley  and  WalsalL  , 
The  P.C.  has  received  a  communication  from  the  Corporation 
stating  that  the  matter  will  receive  consideration  by  the  Tramways 
Committee,  but  that  the  latter  could  not  embark  upon  any  scheme 
which  would  not  provide  8d.  per  mile  for  every  car-mile  run.  { 

Continental  Kotes. — Atstrta. — An  extensive  scheme 

for  the  enlargement  of  the  tramway  network  is  projected  at  Trieste, 
by  which  some  27  public  thoroughfares  will  be  intersected  and 
served  by  tramway  lines.  The  official  authorisation  for  the  pre- 
liminary studies  has  been  granted.  At  Prague  the  Advisory^Com- 
mittee  of  the  Tramways  Co.  has  recommended  the  construction  of 
six  new  lines  in  that  city  and  its  suburbs. — J'JMtroteilmifi  «nd 
MawhinrnbdU. 

Edinburgh. — On  condition  that  the  Corporation  aids 
substantially  the  proposed  Zoological  Gardens  for  Edinburgh,  and 
that  the  gardens  will  be  opened  within  the  next  12  months,  the 
Tramways  Co.  is  prepared  to  contribute  £1,000  to  the  undertaking.. 

GlaS(^0W. — At  its  last  meeting  the  T.C.  instructed  the 
Tramways  Committee  to  proceed  with  negotiations  with  the 
various  local  authorities  and  other  parties  interested  along  the 
line  of  route,  in  connection  with  a  considerable  extension  of  the 
line  of  tramways,  which,  if  carried  out  in  its  entirety,  will  add  aboat 
20  miles  of  double  track  to  the  system.  It  is  expected  that  the 
negotiations  will  take  up  the  better  part  of  the  spring  and  summer, 
and  upon  their  success  or  otherwise  will  depend  the  future  action 
of  the  T.C.  in  seeking  for  Parliamentary  sanction  for  the 
extensions.  In  submitting  the  proposals.  Bailie  Kirkland,  the 
convener,  spoke  at  some  length  of  the  great  congestion  of  traffic  in 
the  centre  of  the  city.  He  admitted  that  the  tramways  were  to  a 
very  considerable  degree  responsible  for  this,  and  suggested  that  in 
the  near  future  the  question  of  a  central  relief  route  would  have  to 
be  considered.  This  would  probably  involve  the  construction  ot 
another  bridge  over  the  River  Clyde,  but  if  the  CorporatioB 
approved  of  the  erection  of  such  a  bridge  as  would  suit  the  needa 
of  the  tramways  department,  the  latter  might  be  looked  to  for  a 
large  contribution,  if  not  the  payment  of  the  whole  cost.     As  ta 


Vol.72.  No. i,8a7, fbbbdahy T,  1911.1      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


217 


the  oxtonnionfi,  which  are,  with  three  Hll(?ht  exc<!])tionH,  nil  into 
tho  country,  and  link  up  villivtfc.M  ond  populou*  uentres,  it  wuj' 
oontondcd  that  Hiich  routCH  had  paid  aH  woU  an,  if  not  better  than, 
the  crowded  city  lines. 

With  the  extonBion  of  the  half-|)enny  ittaKO  dintance  on  the 
'I'.C.  tramway  carH  tho  fear  at  hr«t  wan  expreHHcd  that  there  would 
be  n  coHHidorable  fallinnr-off  in  the  revenue  derived.  Thin  fear  has 
now  had  the  ed^fo  taken  oil'  it  by  the  report  from  the  department 
that  tho  income  for  tho  present  financial  year  haa  exceeded  that  of 
iyil-12  (up  to  the  end  of  February),  by  over  £1,000.  The  fiunreH 
are  from  June  Ist  to  February  1st,  liUU-lS — £ti(ir,,(n7,  andJune  1st 
to  February  Ist,  li)ll-12,  £G(;6,(!12.  While,  through  1912  bein(f 
Leap  Year,  the  last  12  months  had  one  more  workin);  day  than  the 
present  year  (and  a  day's  drawin^fs,  which  will  not  bo  included 
in  l'.)I2-13,  are  averaped  at  £2,100),  it  is  confidently  expected  that 
the  record  in  tho  income  created  last  year  will  be  eclipsed  on  the 
present  occasion.  So  far  as  passengers  curried  are  concerned,  the 
totals  already  far  exceed  those  of  any  previous  similar  period  of 
nine  months,  and  are  nearly  2(1  millions  more  than  in  the  corres- 
pondinp:  spell  of  1011-12. 

Clioldtliorite. — The  U.D.C.  has  under  consideration  a 
scheme  for  the  establishment  of  a  service  of  raillees  cars  between 
Bolton,  Goldthorpe  and  Barnsley. 

Hettford. — The  County  Council  has  decided  to  abandon 
the  W'atford-Bushey  tramway  scheme,  which  has  been  on  the  boards 
for  12  years.  The  introduction  of  the  motor-'bus  is  considered  to 
account  for  the  decision. 

Hytbe  (Kent). — The  T.C.  at  a  special  meeting  on 
Saturday  decided  to  support  the  Bill  of  the  Tramway  Co.,  which 
is  being  promoted  by  Mr.  Cownie. 

Japan. — The  Aichi  electric  railway  is  about  to  commence 
the  construction  of  a  light  electric  railway  about  eight  miles  in 
length. 

London. — Centr.m,   Lonmjon    Raiiavav. — The  work  of 

reconstructing  the  permanent  way  has  been  commenced.  This  is 
being  carried  out  at  nig^ht,  thrfH!  ■12-ft.  sections  being  hauled  from 
the  depot  where  they  are  built,  to  the  desired  position  on  a  special 
train  consisting  of  bogie  trucks,  which  are  motor-driven  from 
Edison  batteries.  Two  of  the  latter,  each  with  220  cells,  are 
installed  on  each  truck,  and  the  latter  are  also  provided  with  cranes 
for  lowering  the  track  into  position. 

Newcastle-on-Tyne. — The  estimates  for  the  ensuing 
year  of  the  Corporation  tramways  have  been  presented  to  the  com- 
mittee. The  income  is  put  at  *;  10,000  more  than  in  the  past  year,  but 
the  estimated  expenditure  is  put  a  like  amount  higher,  the  increased 
expenses  being  attributed  to  higher  wages  of  drivers,  con- 
ductors, vVc,  £3,000  ;  street  repairs,  £2,000  ;  and  increased  cost  of 
coal,  &c.  It  was  reported  that  several  works  were  urgently  needed, 
including  the  renewal  of  lines  in  Shields  Road,  Jesmond  Road,  and 
Grainger  Street,  •See,  the  total  cost  of  which  was  put  at  £61,000, 
which  would  be  met  out  of  the  reserve  fund. 

]\'ortliauipton.  —  The  Tramways  Committee  has  had 
under  consideration  the  advisability  of  adopting  a  motor-omnibus 
service  or  extending  the  tramways  to  Far  Cotton.  It  has  been 
decided  to  take  the  latter  course  and  construct  a  double  track 
throughout,  with  the  exception  of  a  portion  which  will  cross  the 
L.  i:  N.W.  Railway,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £17,340.  Tenders  are 
to  be  obtained  for  carrying  out  this  work,  and  also  for  the 
doubling  of  certain  track,  estimated  to  cost  £5,090.  W^ith  regard 
to  the  motor-  buses,  the  Committee  expressed  the  opinion  that 
buses  cannot,  either  as  regards  reliability  or  comfort,  compete  with 
modem  tramcars,  and  their  working  expenses  were  greater  than 
would  justify  the  Town  Council  in  adopting  this  method  of 
tractfon. 

Salford, — In  default  of  the  proposals  of  the  Salford 
Corporation  being  accepted  as  to  the  terms  for  the  future  supply  of 
energy  by  Eccles  to  Salford  for  working  the  tramways  in 
Eccles  by  the  Salford  Corporation,  application  is  to  be  made  to  the 
B.  of  T.  to  appoint  an  arbitrator  to  settle  the  question. 

Sand^ate  (Kent), — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  proceed 
with  the  petition  against  the  Bill  of  the  Tramway  Co.  for  power  to 
construct  and  operate  a  railless  traction  system  in  the  district. 

Scarborough, — The  Scarborough  South  Cliff  Tramway 
Co.  proposes  to  introduce  pumping  by  electricity. 

S.E.  &  C.  Railway  Electrification. — Speaking  at  the 

meeting  of  the  South-Eastern  and  Chatham  Railway  recently,  Mr, 
Cosmo  Bonfor,  who  presided,  stated  that  the  directors  had  not 
abandoned  the  idea  of  electrifying  the  railway.  At  the  present 
moment,  they  were  having  a  report  made  by  an  eminent  engineer 
as  to  the  wisdom  of  the  proposal.  The  system,  the  chairman  added, 
was  a  difficult  one  to.deal  with,  for  they  must  either  electrify  it 
throughout  or  leave  it  alone  altogether.  The  question  was  entirely 
one  of  money. 

Sunderland. — The  estimates  for  the  year  ending  March 
31st  next  show  an  income  of  £68,769,  a  slight  decrease  on  the 
figures  for  the  preceding  year.  The  net  profit  is  put  down  at 
£11,076,  and  of  this  £6,076  is  to  be  placed  to  the  reserve  fund,  and 
£5,000  to  the  borough  fund  for  the  relief  of  the  rates.  The  slight 
decrease  in  income  is  attributed  to  the  bad  weather,  which  caused 
a  reduction  in  the  traffic  to  the  seaside. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Australia. — Tli''  Kwlcral  <;ov<;iliiriL!ii  tm-  iii:i,i  iiw-'l 
tejidcrs  for  the  inHtullation  i>faut<jmatic  telephone  exchangf.-n  on  the 
Strowger  HyHtem  in  theOlctjc,  .N'ewtown  and  Itolmain  iiuburtjnn  arean 
of  Melbourne.  The  contract  price  is  about  £37, 0'XJ.  The  wy stem 
has  already  been  iiiHtalled  at  ficelong,  at  a  (xmt  of  £14.293.  - 
Sii/liirij  MiirniiKi  Ifi'ralil. 

The  report  of  the  I'lmtmanter-General  for  iOl  1  iihowH  that  the 
revenue  of  the  Commonwealth  from  the  telephone  nervice  increaiied 
by  £233,(',74,  and  from  the  telegraphs  by  £40,073.  The  total  length 
of  wire  in  use  fo.'  telegraphic  purpose"  wa«  ;»7,0">:i  milee  ;  the 
number  of  telephone  inslrumcntH  in  use  wan  102,6.'>4,  ao  incretuie 
of  16".'5  per  c;ent.  The  number  of  telephone  excbangeH  roue  from 
67«  to  927,    The  telephone  trunk  lines  aggregated  39.088  milea. 

Iniiierial  Wirele.s.s  System.— On  "Wednesday  Inst  week 

the  cross-examination  of  Mr.  W.  U.  Lawson  by  Mr.  Falconer  before 
the  Select  Committee  occupied  the  whole  sitting.  .Mr.  Lawson 
admitted  that  at  the  time  when  the  contract  was  drawn  up  there 
was  no  company  in  the  same  position  as  the  ]^Iarconi  Co.  to  carry 
out  the  work.  He  had  said  that  the  effect  of  wireless  telegraphy  in 
naval  warfare  had  not  been  thoroughly  tested  or  thought  out,  and 
that  there  was  no  mention  of  the  subject  having  ever  come  before 
the  Cabinet,  but  he  withdrew  the  latter  statement.  He  admitted 
that  the  rates  to  be  charged  by  the  Post  Oflice  for  messages  would 
not  be  affected  by  the  amount  at  which  the  Marconi  companies 
were  capitalised,  and  that  if  the  market  value  of  the  shares  was 
excessive,  that  was  not  the  fault  of  the  company.  Regarding  his 
statement  that  the  State  had  associated  itself  with  a  huge  Stock 
Exchange  gamble,  he  said  he  had  never  been  able  to  verify  the 
rumours  that  Ministers  had  been  interested  in  the  speculation. 

On  the  following  day,  Mr.  Lawson  withdrew  the  allegations  that 
wireless  telegraphy  had  never  been  considered  from  the  point  of 
view  of  its  effects  on  naval  warfare,  and  that  the  Post  Office  had 
shut  itself  out  from  the  .services  of  all  other  patentees.  He 
admitted  that  the  cable  companies  had  been  granted  landing  rights 
without  payment,  while  the  Marconi  Co.  had  been  refused  a  licence 
in  1910,  and  that  there  was  no  analogy  between  the  position  of 
the  cable  companies  and  that  of  the  Marconi  Co.,  and  he  therefore 
withdrew  his  statement  that  the  treatment  of  the  former  was  in 
striking  contrast  to  the  favour  accorded  to  the  Marconi  Co.  He 
agreed  also  that  there  was  no  analogy  between  the  positions  of  the 
Xational  Telephone  Co.  and  the  Marconi  Co.  He  further  with- 
drew his  statement  that  the  affiliated  companies  of  the  Marconi  Co. 
were  all  heavily  loaded,  and  modified  other  passages  in  his  pre- 
vious evidence. 

On  Monday  Mr.  Lawson's  cross-examination  was  continned.  The 
witness  protested  against  the  mode  of  cross-examination  adopted 
by  Mr.  Falconer,  and  expressed  a  wish  to  take  out  the  whole  of  his 
evidence  with  regard  to  the  Government  being  tied  to  the  Marconi 
Co.  by  the  agreement.  He  agreed  that  the  company  was  financially 
in  a  position  to.  carry  out  the  contract,  had  a  system  capable  of 
trans- Atlantic  communication,  and  had  a  large  and  highly -qualified 
engineering  staff,  a  more  important  consideration  than  that  of 
patents.  The  company  had  great  financial  influence,  but  he  admitted 
that  the  Government  were  absolutely  independent  of  the  company. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Mr.  Marconi,  stating  that  he  was  com- 
pelled to  go  to  the  United  States  before  March  1st  in  connection 
with  certain  patent  actions  brought  by  his  company,  and  must 
absent  himself  from  London  for  10  or  U  days  before  sailing.  He 
thererore  requested  to  be  heard  by  the  Committee  as  soon  as 
possible.  The  chairman  said  they  could  not  break  oflt  the 
journalists"  evidence  at  present ;  and  as  the  House  of  Commons 
would  rise  on  February  14th,  the  Committee  could  not  call  Mr. 
Marconi  till  after  Easter. 

The  Committee  sat  again  on  Wednesday. 

The  Committee  appointed  by  the  Postmaster- General  to  ad\-ise  on 
the  existing  systems  of  wireless  telegraphy  requests  any  person 
desiring  to  be  heard  by  the  Committee  to  apply  to  the  Secretary, 
Mr.  E.  H.  Rayner,  National  Physical  Laboratory,  Teddington, 
Middlesex. 

The  Select  Committee,  to  which' the  Postmaster-General  referred 
the  request  of  the  Marconi  Company  to  be  released  from  the  con- 
tract, has  replied  that  it  cannot  advise  on  the  matter  until  the 
inquiry  is  concluded.  Mr.  Samuel  therefore  has  refused  to  release 
the  company,  pointing  out  that  a  provision  was  embodied  in  the 
contract  that  it  should  not  take  effect  until  approved  by  the  House 
of  Commons. 

TelepllonicControlof  Trains.— The  Rhymney  Railway 
Co.  have  put  into  operation  over  their  system,  which  extends 
from  Cardiff  into  the  eastern  and  western  valleys  of  Glamorgan- 
shire, a  new  train  control  system  making  use  of  the  telephone, 
the  first  of  its  kind  that  has  been  installed  in  Great  Britain. 
It  was  provided  by  the  Western  Electric  Co.,  of  North  \yooiwich. 
By  means  of  a  system  of  telephones  to  all  signal-cabins,  junctions, 
and  stations  on  the  line,  the  whole  of  the  train  working  can  be 
completely  and  directly  controlled  from  the  head  office  at  Cardiff. 
It  is  believed  that  as  the  result  of  the  new  installation  much  time 
will  be  saved. — Standard. 

Wireless  in   tlie   Antarctic— Several  messages  have 

been  reoeived  from  Dr.  Mawson,  leader  of  the  Australian  Antarctic 
Expedition,  who  is  now  in  Adelie  Land,  but,  so  far,  the  Anattaban 
station  haa  not  been  able  to  make  him  hear  any  reply. 


218 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi.72.  No.  1,837,  fbbruae?  7, 1913. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Abenleeu. — February  lOLh.  One  3.00(>-K\v.  turbo- 
ternator,  with  surface  condenser  and  nir  pump,  for  the  (Corporation, 
»e  "Otlicial  Notices"  .January  24th. 

Arbroatb. — Tt-nders  are  invited  for  the  electric  lighting 
ork  for  the  reconstructed  Sheriff  Court  House.  Mr.  P.  C.  Smith, 
jrph  enpfineer. 

Ashtou-uiider-Ljne, — February  li)th.  ii.T.  switcb- 
}ar,  water- softenin;.'  plant,  steam,  exhaust  and  feed  pipes,  tanks, 
;.,  for  the  Corporation.    See  "Official  Notices "'  January  31st. 

Aastralia. — Yictoria. — February  21st.  Four  1,5(>0- 
w.  rotary  converters,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.  See  "Official 
otices  "  December  6th. 

Westeuk  Acstualia.  —  February  lltth.  Armoured  telegraph 
ible,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  department.  See  "  Official  Notices  "  January 
)th. 

February  27th.— Buildings  and  boiler-house  equipment,  turbo- 
tematore  and  rotary  converters,  for  a  Government  power  station 
,  Perth.  See  "  Official  Notices'  .January  24th. 
Sydney. — March  17th.  Motors  for  the  City  Corporation. 
SotTii  AusTRALi.\.  March  ."ith.  One  section  of  a  common- 
ittery  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "  Official 
otices"  January  31st. 

Austria. — ^'ll.^AC'U. — j\Iarch  1st.  Tenders  are  invited 
iT  the  supply  of  three  portable  r3-H.P.  rotary  current  motors,  a 
)-n.p.  rotary  current  motor,  and  a  7-h.p.  rotary  current  motor  ; 
so  for  a  large  number  of  machine  tools  for  the  railway  work- 
tops. Forms  of  tender  C2d.)  and  conditions  of  delivery  (Is.),  and 
her  particulars,  may  be  obtained  of  Abtelluug  IV,  k.k.  Staats- 
ihn-Direktion  Villach,  Austria. 

Krakau. — February  I'Jth.  Tendersare  wanted  for  the  supply  of 
iree  electric  hand-boring  machines,  three  ditto  air,  the  equipment 
ir  a  (iO-ton  wagon  hoist,  a  20-ton  electrically-driven  movable 
ane,  a  movable  electric  boring  machine,  a  ditto  screw-cutting 
the,  two  electric  Universal  hand- boring  tools,  an  electric  polishing 
achine,  an  electric  quick-borer  and  a  rotary  transformer.  Par- 
culara  and  tender  forms  from  Abteilung  IV,  Staatsbahn-Direktion, 
rakau,  Austria. 

iKX-^BBUCK. — February  2l8t.  Tenders  are  required  for  the  supply 
'.  a  shaping  machine  with  electrical  equipment,  an  electrically- 
riven  table  boring  machine  for  holes  15  mm.  diameter,  an  electric 
md-boring  machine,  the  electric  equipment  of  a  40-ton  wagon 
oist,  an  electrically-driven  hammering  machine,  and  other  tools 
ir  the  railway  workshops.  Particiilars  and  forms  of  tender 
inclosing  2d.)  of  Abteilung  IV,  k.k.  Staatsbahn  Direktion 
insbruok,  Austria. 

Beekenham. — February  10th.  Arc  lamp  carbons  (flame) 
id  electrical  house  cut-outs  and  service  boxes,  for  the  U.D.C. 
he  Offices,  Beekenham. 

Belfast. — February  24th.  Stores  and  materials  for  one 
r  three  yews,  for  the  City  electricity  department.  See  "  Official 
otices"  January  31st. 

Belgiani. — February  17th.  The  Belgian  Department  of 
ridge.i  and  Roads  in  Brussels  (52,  Boulevard  du  Regent)  are 
iviting  tenders  for  the  necessary  installation  for  the  supply  of 
lectricity  for  lighting  purposes  at  the  Royal  Palace  at  Laeken. 

Birkenhead,  —  February     llth.        Continuous-current 

lectricity  meters  and  house  service  fuse  boxes,  for  the  Corporation, 
ee  "Official  Notices  "  January  24th. 

Blackburn. — February  15th.  Materials  for  a  year,  for 
ne  Corporation  Electricity  Department.  See  "  Official  Notices  " 
anuary  Itlst. 

Bolton. — February  1.3th.  Turbo-alternators  with  con- 
ensing  plant,  water-tube  boilers,  economisers,  switchgear  and 
team  feed  pumps,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  Official  Notices " 
anuary  24th. 

February  24th.  Materials  and  stores,  for  the  Corporation  Tram- 
rays  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Bridlington.— February  8th.  One  GOO-kw.  turbo- 
enerator.  with  switchboard  and  pipework  extensions,  for  the 
iorporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  January  24th. 

Bristol. — February  14th.  Arc  lamp  carbons,  joint, 
unction  and  fune  boxfs,  A.c.  wattmeters,  and  d.c.  mercury  type 
mpere-hour  meters,  for  the  City  Electricity  Department.  See 
Official  Notices  '  January  31st. 

Cardiff. — February  14th.  One  steel  chimney,  with 
mechanical  draught  plant,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "Official 
lotices"  January  3lBt. 

Clielteubain. — February  12th.  Electric  wiring,  Mont- 
€llier  Baths,  for  the  T.C.     Borough  Engineer,  Municipal  Offices. 

China. — February  10th.  Six  C2.'j-k.v.a.  three-phase  oil- 
ooled  traDsformers,  for  the  Shanghai  Municipal  Council,  See 
Official  Notices  "  January  24th. 


Colchester. — February  10th.  Duplicate  motor-driven 
air-compressor  plant,  with  pipework,  cables,  switchgear,  &c.,  for  the 
Committee  of  Visitors,  Essex  and  Colchester  Asylums.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  January  24th. 

February  15th. — Rubber  and  fibre  insulating  materials,  cables, 
electrical  fittings  (lighting),  electrical  equipment  (cars),  overhead 
e(|uipment,  car  fittings.  A:c.,  for  the  Corporation  tramways  depart- 
ment.    Mr.  U  C.  Bullough,  General  Manager  and  Engineer. 

Darlinjfton.—February  17th.  One  1,000-Kw.  steam 
turbo- alternator,  one  750-KW.  and  one  250- kw.  rotary  converter, 
and  one  water-tube  boiler,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  .January  3l8t. 

Derby.— February  I'Jth.  One  2,000-KW.  turbo-alter- 
nator, for  the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Dublin. —  February  13th.  Water-tube  boilers,  econo- 
misers,  pumps,  conveying  plant,  pipework,  &c  ,  also  boiler  seatings 
and  Hue  work,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Supply  Committee. 
See  "Official  Notices"  January  24th. 

February  13th.  Arc  lamp  carbons,  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Edmonton. — February  2()th.  Electric  lamps  for  the 
B.  of  G.  Mr.  F.  Shelton,  clerk.  The  Grange,  White  Hart  Lane, 
Tottenham. 

Egypt. — March  .3 1st.  Section  des  Municipalites  invites 
tenders  for  electric  light  installation  at  Damietta.  For  further 
particulars  see  this  column  for  January  24th. 

Finchley. — February  17th.  One  300n.-ii.l'.  oil  engine, 
coupled  to  a  200-KW.  E.C.C.  generator,  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

France. — Paris. — February  14th.  Tendersare  invited 
by  the  Administration  des  Chemins  de  Fer  de  TEtat  for  the  supply 
of  500  electric  connections  for  bearer  rails,  60  metres  of  naked 
copper  cable  of  section  200  square  millimetres,  and  700  metres  of 
naked  copper  cable  of  400  square  millimetres  section.  Particulars 
may  be  obtained  from  Bureaux  du  Service-Eleotrique  (1st  division), 
4  3,  Rue  de  Rome,  Paris. 

Nantes.— Orders  are  about  to  be  placed  by  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce of  Nantes  for  three  electric  cranes.  Particulars  of  the 
Chamber. 

Glasgow, — It  is  recommended  by  the  T.C. 'a  Com- 
mittee on  Electricity  that  it  is  advisable  to  proceed  with  the 
erection  of  a  new  generating  station  on  ground  recently  acquired 
for  the  purpose  in  Dalmarnock  Road,  and  the  engineer  (Mr.  W.  W. 
Lackie)  has  been  authorised  meantime  to  prei)are  forms  of  tender 
of  specification  for  the  erection  of  one  pumping  station  for  the 
purpose  of  pumping  water  from  the  River  Clyde  for  condensing 
purposes,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £3,000. 

Grimsby, — February  llth.  One  1,000-Kw.  mixed- 
pressure  turbine  and  continuous-current  dynamo,  with  condensing 
plant,  for  the  Corporation,     See  "Official  Notices"  January  21th. 

Halifax, — February  17th.  Stores  and  materials  for  a 
year,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  department.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  January  Slst. 

February  17th. — Stores  and  materials  for  tramways  department 
for  1 2  months.  Tramways  Engineer,  Tramways  Office,  Skircoat  Road. 

Hornsey, — February  24th.  Electricity  meters,  cables 
and  cable  stores,  for  the  T.C.    See  "  Official  Notices''  to-day. 

Ilford, — February  25th.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the 
U.D.C.  electricity  department.     See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

India. — February  18th.  High  and  low-tension  switch- 
boards, for  the  Bombay,  Baroda  and  Central  India  Railway.  See 
"Official  Notices"  January  Slst. 

Leeds. — February  19th.  Coal  and  general  stores  for  a 
year,  for  the  Corporation  electric  lighting  department.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  January  24th. 

February  17th. — The  City  Tramways  Committee  invites  tenders 
for  electrical  sundries  and  engineers'  furnishings  and  other  eoods 
for  the  tramways  during  the  12  months  ended  March  31st,  litll, 
and  also  for  the  reconstruction  of  certain  portions  of  tramway 
track,  in  respect  of  which  tenders  may  be  for  six,  nine  or  12  months. 
General  Manager,  Tramway  Offices,  City  Square,  Leeds. 

London. — Bermond.sev. — February  17th.  Stores  for  a 
year,  for  the  B.C.  Electricity  Department.  See  "  Official  Notices  " 
January  24th. 

L.C.C.— February  llth.  The  tramways  department  is  inviting 
tenders  for  584  tons  of  special  section  mild  steel  bars  for  magnetic 
brake  shoes.  Specifications  and  form  from  Mr.  A.  L.  C.  Fell,  Chief 
Officer  of  Tramways,  (52,  Finsbury  Pavement,  E.C. 

L.C.C, — February  25th.  Electric  wiring  of  the  Camberwell  and 
Cressy  Road  car-sheds.     See  "Official  Notices  "  January  31st. 

Fri.HAM.— February  19th.  Electrical  and  engineering  stores  for 
a  year,  for  the  B.C.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

St.  Pasckas. — March  4th.  Arc  lamp  carbons,  for  the  B.C.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

SuoKEDiTCH. — The  B.C.  Lighting  Committer  is  to  invite  tenders 
for  economisers  for  Whiston  Street  generating  station. 

Makvlehone.— February  2Gth.  Stores  and  materials  for  a  year, 
for  the  B.C.  Electricity  Department.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Mabylkbone.— February  12th.  Converting  plant,  for  the  B.C 
Bee  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 


i 


V01.7L'.   No.i,8;t7,PicDBDA«Y7,  i<h:.,i      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


219 


MaiM'lH'slcr.  I'VhiiiHr)'  IMLli.  (icnc.riil  utorcK  for  n 
year,  for  thi^  (lorporation  triimwiiyH  (l(>|iartimint.  800  "  Odlcinl 
NotlcoH  "  .laiiiiurv  Ml  at. 

Morocco. —  iMftn;Ii  27tli.  l.O.OOO  iiiBulutoiH  for  the  Post 
and  Tolcgrftph  sorviotv  TondcrB  to  M.  k>  I'n'-Hidont  do  la  Com- 
miBBion  CJc'TK'rale  dos  AdjudifationH  ot  dos  Murchos,  Dar-En-NiaVm, 
TanRier.     Deposit,  1,00(1  fr.     liiunul  nf  'Iriiilo  .luiirini!. 

Xewcastlf-on-TyilC. —  Mcshik.  C.  \.  I'ursorm  A  Co., 
litd.,  llcftton  \Vorkn,  aro  inviting  tenders  for  a  10-ton  Binjjle-inotor 
electrically-driven  travellinjr  jib  crane,  t  ft.  'ij  in.  (range,  with 
travellinir,  lifting-  and  clcwintr  inotionH,  about  It!  ft.  radiuH,  fitted 
with  overhead  trolley  (collectors,  all  for  110  volts  DO.  supply. 

Olilliaill. —  February  2l8t.  Two  .'j()0-k\v.  motoi-alter- 
nators,  for  the  Corporation.     See  ''  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

l*ortsmou1li, —  February  loth.  Arc  lamp  carbons 
(Conrndtys),  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department,  for  a  year 
E'ectric  Light  (Station,  Gunwharf  Road. 

Prajtiie. —  I'^cbruary  28th.  Tenders  are  invited  for  the 
supply  of  machine  tools,  with  electric  equipment,  to  the  Bohemian 
Northern  Railway,  Particulars  (encloainfr  2d.)  from  the  Direktion 
dcr  Bohmische  Nordbahn,  Abteilung  IV,  Prague. 

Rocbdalc. — Eni^jine  room  e.xtension,  new  boiler  house, 
&.O.,  turbo-alternator,  condeneing  plant,  motor-alternator,  water- 
tube  boilers  and  boiler  house  equipment  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Sheffield. — February  8tli.  Tlie  Corporation  Tramways 
Committee  is  inviting  tenders  for  1,000  tons  of  steel  tramway  rails. 
Specifications,  iVc,  .4; 2  28.  (returnable),  from  Mr.  W.  J.  Hadfield, 
Surveyor  of  Highways,  Town  Hall. 

Sontli  Sbieltls. —  February  17th.  Uniforms,  for  tlie 
Corporation  tramways  department.  See  "Official  Notices"  January 
31st. 

Uruguay. — March  29th.  Five  electric  gantry  cranes 
for  Customs  warehouses  at  Monte  Video.  B.  of  T.  C.I.  Depart- 
ment in  London 

WaltliailJstOW. — February  28tli.  Four  double-deck 
tramcars  complete  with  magnetic- brake  equipments,  for  the  U.D.C. 
See  "  Official  Notioes  "  to-dav. 


CLOSED. 


"  Admiralty. — The  Walsall  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  has 
received  an  order  from  the  Admiralty  for  1,000  switches  and 
sockets. 

Australia. — The  Australian  Mining  Standard  states  : — 
"With  reference  to  the  acceptance  of  the  tender  of  Australasian 
Wireless,  Ltd.,  Sydney,  for  the  installation  of  wireless  telegraph 
stations  at  Sydney  and  Fremantle,  \t  is  notified  that  the  price 
covered  by  such  acceptance  has  been  increased  to  £6,150  in  the  case 
of  the  station  at  Sydney." 

One  lamp  signalling  trunk-line  switchboard  of  nine  sections,  one 
three-position  recording  desk  and  one  chief  operator's  desk,  for 
£2,079,  has  been  ordered  by  the  P.M.G.,  Melbourne,  from  the 
Western  Electric  Co.  (Aust.),  Ltd,,  Sydney. 

The  same  contemporary  states  that  Messrs.  W.  G.  Watson  &  Co., 
Sydney,  have  received  an  order  for  11,000  Hellesen  dry  cells, 
which  completes  a  total  of  .33,000  supplied  for  the  Sydney  Post 
Office. 

The  Prahran-Malvern  (V.)  Tramways  Trust  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros,,  Melbourne,  for  an  automatic  re- 
versing booster  and  awitchgear,  at  £971. 

Bradford, — The  Board  of  Guardians  has  accepted  the 
offer  of  Messrs.  C.  A.  Parsons  &  Co.  of  a  new  commutator  for  one  of 
the  tiirbo-generators  of  the  workhouse  plant,  at  a  cost  of  £75. 

('heltcnhaiii. — The  Borough  p]duciition  Committee  has 
accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  R.  E.  &  C.  Marshall  for  the  electric 
light  installation  at  Haunton  Park  Centre,  at  £31  ;  and  that  of 
Mr.  F.  H.  Bastin  for  the  electric  light  installation  at  Marlborough 
House,  at  £26, 

Dover. — The  tender  of  Messrs.  .J.  Wright  c^-  Sons,  at 
£42,  has  been  accepted  by  the  T,C,,  for  wiring  the  St.  Martin's 
Schools. 

Eastbourne. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 

British  Weetinuhoase  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Co..  for  a 
1,500-K\v.  turbo- alternator,  without  condensing  plant,  running  at 
3,000  R.r.M.  for  £5,236.  The  turbine  is  to  be  of  the  pure  impulse 
type.     Fifteen  other  tenders  were  received. 

Eccles. — The  tender  of  Messrs.  Joseph  Chapman  I'k-  Sons, 
Patricroft,  is  to  be  accepted  for  the  erection  of  the  extension  to  the 
boiler  house  at  the  electricity  works,  for  £518. 

The  T.C,  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  .T.  and  G.  Weir,  Ltd., 
at  £80,  for  the  provision  of  an  additional  feed  pump  at  the  elec- 
tricity works,  and  that  of  the  British  Electric  Transformer  Co,, 
Ltd,,  at  £115,  tor  the  installation  of  a  150-k.v.a,  transformer, 


(>lasK;ow.  'I'lif  Mlectricity  OiKimitU'-  \\m  pf^iin- 
iiHiiKJed  the  acceptunre  of  (I;  an  offor  by  MeiiitrM.  WilUnx  and 
Kobin.HOii,  IA<1 ,  for  one  Bct  of  ^'urti^-ParMOnit  turbrj-alt<!rrittt/irii  and 
condouHiiig  plant,  at  £I6,0Ht;  and  (2;  nn  of7er  by  the  BritUb 
WoBtinghouHe  Electric  and  Manufactiirini;  ''o.,  LUI,,  for  one  neb  of 
CnrtiH-ltateau  turbo-alteniatom  and  condiinHinir  plant,  at  £11,721. 

(■loiiccster. — The     Electric;ity    Supply    CommitU-*-,   han 

aciK^pted  the  tender  of  the  Photiix  Dynamo  Manofaetiiring  Co., 
Ltd,,  for  two  new  armatures  for  No,  6  generating  m-.l,  at  £.''/H0.  and 
that  of  Mofsrs,  Sisi^on  \  Co.,  at  H'A'j,  for  altoratiouH  to  the  governor*, 
fi.c.  The  engine  will  be  able  to  ran  at  fall  loa<l  at  reducc'l  *peed 
after  these  altcrationH. 

llasliDifdcn. — Mr.  A.  .M.  Crumi),  <.f  ilaHlingden,  bus 
secured  the  eontract  for  electric  lighting,  power,  bclln,  telephone* 
and  vacuum  suction  plant  for  Springfield  Lodge,  Haiilingdcn,  the 
new  residence  of  (!ounoillor  \i.  Wnddington.  chairman  of  the 
Electricity  Committee.  Mr,  (.'ramp  is  also  carrying  out  the  elec- 
trical equipment  of  MessrB.  S.  S.  Stott  Ac  Co.'h  Lanesidc  Foundry 
and  Elevator  Works,  Ilaslingden. 

Ilford. — 'I'he  [M).(.'.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 

W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works,  Ltd.,  at  £h7  10b,,  for  the  supply 
and  delivery  of  100  yd.  of  cable  for  switchboard  connections. 

Ipswicb, — The  H.(i.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
Chloride  Electrical  Storage  Co.,  Ltd,,  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
storage  battery  at  the  Workhouse  for  five  years. 

Leyton. — 'I'he  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
Paterson  Engineering  Co,,  Ltd.,  at  £150,  for  installing  a  cold 
process  water  softener  at  the  electricity  works, 

Liverpool. — The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted 
by  the  T.C.  — 

Jas.   MoRelvie  &   Co.— Annual  supply  of  about  1,500  tons  best  Arley  gaa 

slack  to  tbe  electricity  department. 
Halley'B  Industrial  Motors,  Ltd.— Chassis  for  motor  tower  wagon. 
Sutton  Heath  and   Lea  Green  Collieries,   Ltd.— Annual  supply  o(  steam 

slack  to  the  Lister  Drive  power  station. 

The  following  have  also  been  accepted  for  plant  for  the  Lister 
Drive  power  station  : — 

Babcock  &  Wilcox,  Ltd.— Six  boilers  with  chain  grate  stokers,  stoker  gear 

and    Bteel  up-take   Hues;  induced  draught  fan,  complete  with   motor; 

gravity  bucket  coal  conveyor  and  motor;  overhead  coal  bunkers  and 

floor  for  supporting  economisers,  flues  and  fans. 
E.  Green  &  Son,  Ltd.— Si.x  economisers, 
Jos.  Crawford.- Four  induced  draught  fans  and  control  panels,  motors  and 

platform. 

London. — Shoreditch. — The  B.C.  Lighting  Comniittee 
has  contracted  with  Messrs.  Harrison,  Tidswell  &  Co.  for  up  to 
2,000  tons  of  Whitwick  deep  seam  slack,  at  14s,  5d.  per  ton, 
delivered  free  alongside  Whiston  Street  power  station. 

Stepnky. — The  B.C,  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the  offer 
of  Messrs.  W.  Geipel  ^  Co.  for  28,000  Henrion  flame  arc  lamp 
carbons,  at  14s.  6d,  per  100,  less  50  per  cent,  discount.  It  also 
recommends  the  acceptance  of  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Strachan  and 
Henshaw,  Ltd  ,  Bristol,  for  the  extension  of  the  telpher  track  at 
Limehouse  station,  for  £2,722.  Messrs,  E.  Wood  i>c  Co..  Ltd,,  Man- 
chester, tendered  at  £2,752. 

POPLAK,— The  tender  of  Messrs,  M.  Keenan  &  Co.  has  been 
accepted  by  the  B,C.  at  £91,  for  lagging  the  main  steam,  feed,  and 
blow-down  piping  in  the  extension  at  the  generating  station. 

Manchester. — Iklessrs.  Higginbottom  it  Mannock  have 
received  an  order  for  the  supply  of  six  2-ton  electric  cranes  for 
\o,  9  dock. 

Mersey. — The  Mersey  Docks  and  Harbour  Board,  has 
accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Geo.  Russell  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  30-cwt. 
movable  electric  roof  cranes  for  the  double-storey  shed  on  the 
south  side  of  the  Brocklebank  Branch  Dock. 

Morecambe. — The  Corporation  has  approved  the  accept- 
ance by  the  Tramways  Committee  of  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Hill  and 
Smith,  Wolverhampton,  for  the  supply  of  an  unclimbable  iron  fence 
at  Bare  in  connection  with  the  new  tramway  sheds. 

Newport. — February  22nd.  General  stores  for  a  year. 
for  the  Corporation  electricity  and  tramways  department.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Salford. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
A, E.G.  Electric  Co.,  for  the  supply  of  500  electric  lamps  at  30s. 
per  doz.,  less  27^  per  cent.,  also  the  tender  of  W.  T.  Henley  s  Tele- 
graph Works,  Lt<l..  for  an  annual  supply  of  wire  to  the  tramways 
department.  Two  overload  circuit  breakers  are  to  be  purchased 
from  Mr.  Bertram  Thomas,  for  £90.  The  tender  of  Messrs,  Mather 
and  Piatt,  Ltd.,  has  also  been  accepted,  at  £635,  for  the  supply  and 
delivery  of  filtration  plant  at  the  electricity  works. 

WaltbaniStOW.  —  February  28th.  Annual  stores  for 
the  electricity  and  tramway  departments.  See  "Official  Xotices' 
to-day. 

Willenball.— The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
Rees  Roturbo  Manufacturing  Co  for  the  pumping  plant  in  cop. 
nectipn  with  the  new  sewage  disposal  works. 


220 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [voi.tl'.  No.  1,837,  febbuaby  7, 1913. 


rORTHCOMING  EVENTS. 


NOTES. 


Association  of  Mining  Electrical  Engineers— Friday,  February  7th.  At 
8  p.m.  At  the  I.K.K.,  Einbaiikmont,  W.C.  Paper  on  "Cables  for  the 
■  Bbafts  of  Mines,"  ly  Mr.  K.  K.  Scott. 

(West  of  Scotland  Branch).— Saturday,  February  16th.    At  4.80  p.m. 
Meeting  at  the  Koyal  Tcrhiiical  College,  GlaBgow. 
Royal  Institution.-  Saturiiav,   February  Sth.— At  3  p.m.    Lecture  on  "The 
Properties    and   Constitution  of  the  .\tom,"  by  Prof.  Sir  J.  J.  Thomson. 
(Lecture  I.)    Saturday,  Fel-riiary  16th  —(Lecture  II.) 

Association  of  Engineers-in-Charge.— Satiuday,  February  8th.  At  St. 
Bride's  Institute,  E.C.    Pocial.    Dance. 

Wednesday,  February  12th.— At  8  p.m.    At  the  St.  Bride's  Institute, 

c.    Paper  on  'The  Control  of  Alternating-Current  Motors,"  by  Mr.  J.  T. 

•  lould. 

^alford  Technical  and  Engineering  Association.— Saturday,  February  8th. 

At  7  i>.m.    At  the  Royal  Technical  Institute,  Salford.    Lecture  on  "Our 

Annual  Trip  Round  the  Sun,"  by  Mr.  C.  M.  Dorman,  M.I.E  E. 

Institution  of  Post  Office  Engineers  (Metropolitan  Section).— Monday, 
February  10th.  At  6  p.m.  At  the  I.E.E.  Paper  on  "Loading  Coils,"  by 
Mr.  S.  A'.  Pollock. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  iNewcastle  Section).-  Monday,  Feb- 
rnary  lOtb.  At  7. M  p.m.  At  the  Armstrong  College,  Newcaetle.  Paper  on 
"The  Special  Application  of  Electricity  in  Warships,"  by  Mr.  A.  P.  Pyne. 

(Manchester  Section).— Tuesday,  Febroary  11th.  At  7.80  p.m.  At  the 
OniverBity,  Manchester.  Paper  on  "  .\dveitising  Electricity,"  by  Mr.  H.  C. 
Palmer. 

(Scottish  Section).— Tuesday.  February  llth.  Meeting  at  8  p.m.  At 
Princes  Street  Station  Hotel,  Edinburgh. 

Saturday,  February  15th.— At  7.30  p.m.  At  the  Qrosvenor,  Glasgow. 
Annual  smoking  concert. 

(Birminghani  Section).— Wednesday,  February  13th.  At  7.30  p.m. 
At  the  University,  Birmingham.  Paper  on  "  The  Parallel  Operation  of 
Alternators,"  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Everest. 

(Yorkshire  Section).— Wednesday,  February  12th.  Meeting  at  the 
University,  Leeds.  At  7.15  p.m.  Lecture  on  "  Souie  South  American 
Elirtric  Plants,"  by  Mr.  T.  Harding  Churton. 

(London).— Thursday,  February  13tb.  At  8  p.m.  Paper  on  "Parallel 
(iperation,"  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Everest. 

(Dublin  Section).— Thursday,  February  IBth.  Meeting  at  8  p.m.  At 
the  Itoyal  College  of  Science,  Dublin. 

Junior  Institution  of  Engineers.— Thursday,  February  13th.  At  2.80  p.m. 
\  isit  to  the  works  of  the  Osram  Lamp  Works,  Ltd.,  Hammersmith. 

Friday  evening,  February  14th.— At  39,  Victoria  Street,  S.W.    Paper  on 
Klectrical   Installations  in'  Metal  Conduit,  with    Special    Reference    to 
Earthing,"  by  Mr.  F.  H.  Taylor. 

Saturday,  February  16th.— At  6.30  p.m.     At  the  Hotel  Cecil.    Annual 
dinner. 
Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers.— Friday,  Febrnary  14th.    At  8  p.m. 
Annual  general  meeting.     Paper  on  "  Modern  Condensing  Systems,"  by  Mr. 
A.  E.  L.  Bcanes. 


Birmingham  and  District  Electric  Club. 

p.m.     At  the  Swan  Hotel,  Birmingham. 


-Saturday,  Febrnary  15th. 
Annual  dinner. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Officer— Lntra.-CoL.  ll.  M.  Leaf. 

The  f ollowiner  orders  have  been  issued  for  the  current  week : — 

Monday,  February  ICih.— "A"  Company.    Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Tuesday,  February  llth.— "B"  Company.    Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 

company  training,  7'to  10  p.m. 
Thorsday,  February  13th.— "C"  Company.    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Friday,  February  lltli.- "D"   Company.    Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Saturday,  February  leth.-Hcadcjuarters-will  be  open  from  10  a.m.  till  12 

noon  for  regimental  business. 


(Bigned) 


P.  H.  Campbell,  Capt.  R.E.,  and  Adjt., 

For  Officer  commanding  L.B.E. 


The  Electrical  Trades  Benevolent  Institution  and 

Life  Insurance. — We  have  received  from  Mr.  Hawes,  the  secre- 
tary of  the  above  Institution,  particulars  that  are  being  issued  by 
the  Provident  Clerks"  and  General  JIutual  Life  Assurance  Associa- 
tion respecting  life  and  endowment  insurance.  This  office  under- 
takes to  afford  to  members  of  the  Institution  an  opportunity  to 
effect  life  insurance  on  easy  terms.  Weekly  payments  fan  be 
made  throu^'h  the  Institution's  properly-appointed  representatives. 
Full  information  as  to  scales  for  ■whole  life,  limited  premium,  and 
endowment  policies  can  be  obtained  either  from  Mr.  F.  B.  O  Hawes 
at  18,  Park  Mansions.  Vauxhall  Park,  S.W.,  or  the  secretary  of  the 
Assurance  Association  named,  at  27  and  29,  Moor(fate  Street, 
London,  E.G.  It  is  hoped  that  the  arrangement  will  form  an 
inducement  to  many  of  the  younger  men  in  the  industry  to  become 
members  of  the  Benevolent  Institution  f  minimum  subscription  10s. 
per  annum).  Ten  per  cent,  will  be  added  by  the  Institution  to  the 
amount  afisnred  when  tlie  same  becomes  payable. 

Glasg:ow    International    Exhibition, —  Ibere    is    a 

movement  on  foot  for  holding  an  International  Exhibition  in 
OUsirow  in  U»l.'>  or  lOlfi. 


Parliamentary  Xotes. — Undkeground  Tkamways. — 

Last  week  Mr.  Kellaway  asked  the  representative  of  the  First  Com- 
missioner of  Works  whether,  with  a  view  to  diminishing  the  exist- 
ing conjrestion  of  London  streets,  his  department  had  at  anytime 
discussed  with  the  London  County  Council  the  possibility  of 
allowing  underground  tramways  to  be  made  under  thoroughfares 
and  land  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Office  of  Works  in  such  a 
manner  as  not  to  interfere  with  the  amenities  of  any  street  or  path 
beneath  whose  surface  such  tramways  might  be  run.  Mr.  Benn 
replied  that  the  possibility  of  allowing  subways  for  tramways 
under  land,  &c.,  in  the  control  of  the  Department  was  discussed 
with  the  London  County  CouncU  in  1906.  The  First  Commissioner 
was  prepared  to  consiiler  any  further  representations  which  the 
Council  might  make  on  the  subject. 

SHEKiiELD  COUPORATION  BiLL.— According  to  the  Tiniex  Par- 
liamentary report,  the  House  of  Lords  had  under  consideration  the 
Commons'  reasons  for  disagreeing  with  certain  of  the  Lords' 
amendments.  Lord  South wark  moved  that  the  House  do  not  insist 
uiKin  their  amendments,  but  he  also  moved  the  insertion  of  a  new 
sub-clause  restricting  the  right  of  the  Corporation  to  supply  elec- 
trical fittings.  This,  he  said,  was  an  agreed  compromise,  and  after 
a  short  discussion  the  motion  was  agreed  to. 

The  following  is  the  new  sub-Clause  to  Clause  90  in  lieu  of  sub- 
Clause  2  : — 

"  The  Corporation  may  enter  into  contracts  for  the  execution  of 
any  of  the  powers  of  this  section,  including  the  wiring  of  private 
property.  The  Corporation  shall  not  under  the  powers  of  this 
section  sell  any  such  electrical  fittings  (other  than  electric  lines, 
fuses,  switches,  ceiling  roses,  and  such  other  electrical  fittings  as 
are  used  in  connection  with  the  wiring  of  private  property  from 
the  distribution  main  as  far  as  the  ceiling,  wall  or  floor  outlet  only), 
except  through  a  contractor  carrying  on  his  business  independently 
of  the  Corporation." 

Lord  Southwark  said  that  the  new  sub-Clause  practically  meant 
that  the  Corporation  would  now  have  the  power  to  carry  wiring  as 
far  as  the  walls  and  the  ceiling,  and  that  the  traders  would  ha\e 
the  rest  of  the  work  in  connection  with  electric  lighting. 

Iu<|Uiries. — A  con-espon(3ent  wislies  to  get  into  touch 
with  the  makers  of  self-starting  synchronous  motors,  British  or 
Continental.  The  name  of  makers  or  agents  of  the  "Leanda" 
lamps  is  asked  for. 

Newcastle  Contractors'  Dinner. — The  Xewcastle-on- 

Tyne  Branch  of  the  Electrical  Contractors'  Association  held  their 
annual  dinner  in  that  city  on  the  Ist  inst.  The  chair  was  occupied 
by  Mr.  W.  Fletcher,  and  there  was  a  fairly  numerous  company 
present. 

The  chairman  proposed  the  toast,  "The  Electricity  Supply 
Authorities."  He  said  that  the  relations  between  the  supply  autho- 
rities and  the  contractors  in  that  district  were  of  a  very  friendly 
character.  An  evidence  of  this  good  feeling  was  to  be  found  in  the 
recent  Electri(jal  Exhibition  in  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  where  the  con- 
tractors and  the  supply  companies  worked  together  with  great 
success,  and,  he  thought,  to  their  mutual  benefit. — Mr.  C.  Turnbull 
(electrical  engineer.  North  Shields),  in  replying,  referred  to  the 
relations  between  the  wiring  contractors  and  the  supply  companies, 
and  said  he  thought  the  trouble  was  that  everybody  wanted 
something  cheap.  It  was  a  difficult  position,  and  it  appeared  to 
him  that  the  chance  of  getting  prices  up  was  remote.  It  was  a  young 
industry,  and  one  in  which  there  was  room  for  more  t-flBciency.  In 
looking  over  the  details  of  gas  companies'  undertakings,  he  was 
struck  with  the  large  percentage  of  residuals  of  commercial  value  that 
were  left  over ;  if  they  co\i\d  do  somi^thing  of  that  sort  in 
regard  to  electricity,  they  might  get  down  to  2d.  per  unit,  and  the 
day  would  not  be  far  distant,  as  in(ieed  he  hoped  it  was  not,  when 
the  consumer  would  be  willing  to  pay  a  reasonable  price  for  his 
installation.  He  thought  that  the  way  to  do  this  was  by  co-opera- 
tion between  the  wiring  contractors,  the  supply  authorities,  the 
manufacturers  and  everyone  in  the  trade,  in  order  that  they  might 
be  able  to  get  cheaper  materials — copper  and  rubber,  for  instance. 
Copper  was  one  of  the  dearest  metals  in  the  market,  and  rubber  as 
a  commercial  material  was  extremely  expensive.  He  believed  that 
many  of  their  wires  could  be  made  of  some  cheaper  material  than 
copper,  and  that  insulation  might  be  made  at  a  quarter  the  cost  of 
rubber  :  but  if  they  were  to  experiment  in  this  direction,  they  should 
have  somekind  of  testing  authority  which  would  examine  all  materials 
put  forward,  and  wouW  not  pass  any  material  to  come  into  general 
use  until  they  were  satisfied  that  it  would  be  good.  By  co-operation 
they  could  do  much  for  the  benefit  of  everybody.  Commenting 
on  the  advance  they  were  making  in  electrical  machinery,  he 
mentioned  that  Messrs.  Parsons  were  constructing  a  turbine  of 
26,000  KW.,  and  expressed  the  hope  that  in  the  not  very  far 
distant  future  they  would  see  machines  like  that  in  use  through- 
out the  district. 

Mr.  .1.  (Uedson  gave  the  toast,  'The  Electrical  Contractors'  Asso- 
ciation,'' the  principal  object  of  which  was,  he  took  it,  the  main- 
tenance of  a  proper  status  in  the  profession,  and  to  ensure  the 
recognition  of  their  rights. — Mr.  R.  Robson  (the  hon.  secretary) 
responded  to  the  toast,  and  said  that  the  Association  had  devoted  much 
of  its  time  to  opposing  Bills  in  Parliament,  and  had  been  very  suc- 
cessful in  that  respect  and  in  getting  clauses  altered  in  favour  of  their 
trade.  Perhaps,  if  their  energies  had  been  expended  in  other  ways, 
they  might  have  increased  their  membership.  He  thought  it  was 
alxjut  time  that  the  Association,  instead  of  devoting  all  its  energies 
to  fighting  Corporations  and  municipal  trading,  devoted  some  of  its 
time  to  fair  trading.  Mr.  Cross  had  done  an  enormous  amount  6t 
work   in  trylntr   to   make  arrangement!   with  the  Manufacturer*' 


voi.7j!.  No.  i,8»7.i'HBiu.AUY7,  i-ji.i.i     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


221 


^HKouiatioii  for  fuir  trading  by  allowiii);  tho  buyer  to  have  a  le^ritl- 
mate  profit  ovor  auyl)ody  else  for  tho  Haino  <|uaiility  uf  material 

iMr.  A.  Andrews  proiwaed  the  toast  of  "  Kindred  KIcctrical 
i'riuK'B.''  Ho  Baid  tho  tlcctrical  oontractorn  were  in  that  unfor 
luniito  poBition  known  iih  niiddknion,  but  he  thought  that  they 
jould  aek  tho  Munufactur<'r«'  Anfooiiition  to  (frant  them  prc^fcrcntial 
larilTH.  One  of  the  orijjinators  of  the  MnnufacturorH'  AfHorialion 
IV8B  Mr.  Bynif,  who  had  written  very  largely  upon  preferential 
;arill'H,  und  lit^  nui.'U('ntcd  to  Mr.  Spence,  who  liad  to  rcnpond  to  that 
loant, that  hosliould  use  hiH  ciidtuvours  to  (jet  the  contrnctorH  fonic 
)rof('rontial  tarilV  ao  compared  with  the  ordinary  tradc^r.  -Mr.  J. 
ipence  acknowlcdjjcd  the  toast,  and  Koid  the  delicate  pointH  put 
'orward  by  Mr.  AndrowB  rfijuired  careful  conwideration.  With 
•ei;ard  to  preferential  tarilTs,  tho  manufacturerH,  aa  they  knew, 
verc  in  a  most  peculiar  pohition.  Although  rather  late  in  the  day, 
he  electrical  manufacturerw  in  thiw  country  had  formed  th«nieclvcH 
nto  an  Aasociation,  not  for  their  own  benefit  altcfc'ether,  but  also 
'or  tlie  benefit  of  tho  whole  industry.  The  chief  ijain  wa«  mutual, 
lince  it  came  throiijrh  standardication  in  every  department.  (,iuen- 
ions  relatinjr  to  treatment,  tcnderp,  time  (?uar:intec8,  and  pulilic 
lodics  could  be  much  better  dealt  with  by  an  Atiaociation.  The 
nanufacturers  had  no  desire  to  injure  any  other  interest,  least  of  ull 
hat  of  the  contractors,  upon  whom  they  looked  as  their  very  best 
riends.  The  quf  stion  of  preferential  treatment,  however,  was  a 
ery  difficult  one  to  discuss.  He  had  been  at  a  number  of  meetings 
if  manufacturers,  and  he  knew  what  was  going  on  inside,  and  he 
ould  assure  the  contractors  that  this  matter  was  receiving  very 
erious  consideration. 

During  the  eveninjr  an  interesting  musical  programme  was 
rovided. 

Annual  Socials  and  Dinners. — Newcasti.k-on-Tvnk. — 

)n  Friday  evening  last  at  the  Central  Exchange  Hotel,  Grey  Street, 
lewoastle-on-Tyne,  the  staff  dinner  of  Messrs.  .J.  H.  Holmes  &  Co. 
ras  held,  Mr.  Alfred  Holmes  presiding  over  a  goodly  company, 
rhich  included  several  engineers  engaged  in  electrical  business  in 
he  Tyneside  district.  After  the  usual  loyal  toast,  Mr.  T.  W.  Wallis, 
london  reprefentative,  proposed  "  The  Firm."  This  was  drunk 
nth  great  enthusiasm,  and  Mr.  A.  Holmes,  the  senior  partner  in 
he  firm,  responded.  There  was  an  excellent  programme  of  music 
nd .  song.  In  addition  to  the  customary  printed  programme, 
here  was  a  second,  which  was  in  distinctly  humorous  vein,  and  was 
istributfd  after  the  tables  had  been  cleared.  It  occasioned  a  good 
eal  of  merriment. 

Warrington. — The  staff  of  the  St.  Helens  Cable  and  Rubber  Co., 
ltd.,  held  their  annual  whist  drive  and  dance  on  Friday  evening 
ist,  from  7.30  p.m.  to  2  a.m.,  at  Winmarleigh  Cafe,  Warrington, 
in  invitation  card  of  special  design  was  issued  in  connection  with 
lie  event. 

Dundee. — The  manager,  Mr.  D.  Fisher,  presiding  at  the  annual 
upper  and  dance  of  the  employes  of  the  Dundee  and  Broughty  Ferry 
'ramway  Co.,  said  the  company  had  had  a  successful  year,  and  they 
ad  been  throughout  loyally  supported  by  the  staff.  Mr.  Wm.  McGill, 
he  secretary,  congratulated  the  company  and  the  employes  on  their 
namunity  from  accidents  during  the  year. 

ACCRINGTON. — Fifty-six  Accrington  Corporation  tramway  men, 
icluding  the  Haslingden  staff,  sat  down  to  dinner,  on  January  ,30th, 
nd  afterwards  adjourned  to  the  Central  Conservative  Club.  Mr. 
'illing,  the  general  manager,  presided,  and  was  supported  by  Mr. 
;ay,  the  Haslingden  general  manager,  and  Mr.  Calvert.  During  the 
vening,  the  presentation  of  a  clock  was  ms«3e  to  Mr.  A.  Duffy,  in 
scognition  of  his  .services  in  connection  with  the  benevolent  fund 
jr  men  who  have  been  off  work  through  sickness  or  accident  while 
n  duty. 

Blackpool. — The  employes  of  Blackpool,  St.  Anne's  and  Lytham 
ramwaysCo.  held  their  seventh  annual  dinner  and  entertainment, 
n  January  30th.  Mr.  H.  W.  Laing,  general  manager,  presided 
ad  was  supported  by  Mr.  Wood,  traffic  man.ager,  Mr.  Partington, 
iT-shed  foreman,  and  other  heads  of  departments. 

LONi>ON. — The  Mazda-Gems  held  a  very  successful  Bohemian 
}Dceit  at  the  Talbot  Restaurant,  London  Wall,  E.G.,  on  Monday 
?ening.  Mr.  B.  Coote  presided  with  much  geniality  over  a  gather- 
ig  which  taxed  the  holding  capacity  of  the  hall  to  its  fullest  extent, 
n  excellent  programme  was  provided  and  was  enthusiastically 
•ceived,  number  after  number  being  encored.  Clever  caricatures  of 
he  heads  of  departments  on  the  programme,  and  the  general  get-up 
f  the  latter,  reflect  credit  on  the  firm  and  on  the  designer.  The 
rening  was  most  successful  throughout,  and  everybody  present 
ill  eagerly  look  forward  to  the  next  B.T.H.  event  of  the  kind. 

Copper. — Messrs.  Merton's  statistical  circular  for  January 
Ist,  1913,  shows  a  reduction  in  European  visible  supplies  of  2,161 
)ns,  made  up  of  2,343  less  in  English  ports  and  118  less  at  Havre, 
gainst  an  increase  of  300  tons  in  the  quantity  afloat.  Rotterdam 
lot  included  in  the  above)  shows  400  tons  better,  and  Hamburg 
,G21  tons,  so,  if  these  were  included,  the  reduction  during  January 
onld  be  only  141  tons. 

Arrivals  from  North  America  are  well  up  to  average  ;  from  Spain 
lid  Portugal,  fairly  high  at  1,983  tons,  the  average  being  about 
750  tons.  Shipments  from  Chile  are  well  up  at  4,S0O  tons,  a  figure 
ot  reached  since  IWS  ;  the  average  shipments  from  thiscountiy 
rer  the  past  12  mouths  are  good,  and  the  country  appears  capable 
t  a  steady  output.  Australian  sTiipments  are  also  strong  and  well 
laintained.  The  total  deliveries  are  40,057  tons,  the  highest  figure 
noe  last  June.  The  stocks  in  American  Producers'  hands  (American 
reducers'  Association)  at  the  end  of  December  are  given  as  47,014 
'US,  an  increase  of  8,548  tons  over  the  quantity  on  November  30th. 
he  total  visible  supply,  including  Holland,  Germany  and  the 
aited  States,  for  the  end  of  December,  1913,  stood  at  90,225  tons, 
t' increase  of  8,478  tons  over  the  previoui  return. 


The  Cortlicgy  Stmm  Turbine. — U'<j  hav*;  lx«ii  aide  o, 

gather  further  inforiiiBtion  i^mcerning  thiit  profioiiul  for  a  turbin« 
without  liladex,  and  wn  find  thut  it  iioiiMlJitN  practli:ally  of  »  nilnMng 
annular  drum,  that  in  to  Muy,  the  rotor  und  the  owing  ar<-  alia<-hi!<l 
and  rotate  together,  and  iiteum  Ih  admitted  by  a  no/./.li;  or  no/.zlea 
into  tho  annular  Hpuco  in  the  direction  of  rotation.  The  drum  thuii 
rotatcH  iunide  a  whirl  ofHtt-am  The  length  of  tho  drum  in  divid«l 
by  ring  plateit  or  diaphniKnm  into  w^veral  ilivfnionPi  of  iricc  >  , 
croi<H-ge(;tion  and  pnHwiH  from  one  •livinion  to  the  next  by  a  -•  r 
noz/.lfH.  At  pien'iit  we  only  n'f.m  to  we  in  thcfe  division  pin' 
means  of  iiM|M)Hing  on  the  HU-nm  u  path  of  dutllolent  length,  t'm 
the  rent  our  .■iketch  of  laiit  wwk  Htiindn  good.  It  only  remainM. 
therefore,  to  effect  a  jiroper  joint  at  the  llrnt  end  of  the  Inrbinn 
and  a  suitable  connection  to  a  condonKer,  in  order  to  demonstrate 
what  thia  smooth  turbine  will  do.  That  it  ih  unexpectedly 
powerful  can  be  readily  believed,  and  itn  value  will  be  great  if  itonly 
succeeds  in  being  nearly  uh  cflicient  iu>  a  liladcd  turbine.  All  that 
remaiuH  to  be  done  is,  therefore,  to  prove  itH etiiciency  in  commercial 
sizes.  Nciilless  to  say  that  though  both  caHiog  ainl  rotor  an? 
moving  with  the  ntcain,  their  motion  relative  to  the  steam  in  Hinall 
and  the  action  depicted  in  <jur  figure  will  take  ploce  with  no  mucli 
better  etiiciency  seeing  that  both  surfaces  of  impact  are  in  motion. 
The  proposal  is  of  extreme  interest  if  it  can  be  proved  far  enough 

Treatment    after    Electric    SliocJ*.— Tb<:    Hi^jlwayH 

Committee  reported  to  the  L.C.C.  at  Tuesday  h  meeting  that  they 
had  arranged  for  lectures  and  demonstrations  to  \>c.  eiven  to  those 
employes  in  the  tramways  department  whone  work  may  bring 
them  into  contact  with  electrically-charged  apparatus,  in  order  that 
they  may  receive  instruction  in  the  treatment  of  persone  suffering 
from  electric  shock.  The  number  of  men  tiffected  is  al>out  300,  and 
they  will  be  divided  into  classes  of  about  15  each.  The  total 
expenditure  will  amount  to  about  £42. 

L.C.C.  Tnrbine  Repairs. — The  Highways  (.'ommitteo 
reports  that  an  accident  occurred  in  July,  liil2,  to  the  generator 
coupled  to  No.  8  turbine  at  the  Greenwich  generating  station, 
which  necessitated  the  provision  of  new  windings  and  other  repairs. 
The  work  was  put  in  hand  at  once  by  the  makers  of  the  machine, 
the  British  Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd. 
The  cost  of  the  work  amounted  to  £2,010. 

Post  Oflice  Engineers. — The  ninth  annual  dinner  of 
the  Engineering  Department,  London,  was  held  on  January  29th,  at 
theConnaught  Rooms,  Kingsway,  W.C,  the  chair  being  taken  by  Mr. 
William  Slingo,  Engineer-in-Chief  to  the  Post  Office. 

After  the  loyal  toasts,  in  proposing  the  toast  of  "The 
Engineering  Department,"  Mr.  Herbert  Samuel  said  there  never 
had  been  an  occasion  when  the  Department  was  more  deserving  of 
toasting  ;  the  year  1912  had  been  a  most  arduous  one  for  tho 
engineering  branch,  which  had  been  concerned  with  vast 
changes — the  inventory  of  the  National  Telephone  Co.'s  plant,  and 
the  transfer  of  that  great  undertaking  to  the  State  ;  the  amalgama- 
tion of  the  two  systems,  and  of  the  two  staffs  ;  the  arbitration, 
the  greatest  arbitration  of  its  kind  that  had  ever  taken  place  in 
this  country  ;  and  the  readjustment  of  their  engineering  districts. 
One  other  event  had  happened  which  they  might  wish  to  fee  con- 
tinued and  repeated  in  future  years — the  introduction  of  higher 
scales  of  pay  for  certain  of  the  classes.  The  efticienoy  of  the  tele- 
phone business  dependenJ  to  a  large  degree  upon  the  way  in  which 
it  was  worked  by  the  engineerirg  staff  of  the  Post  Office,  and  he 
trusted  that  they  would  do  their  best  to  see  that  the  public  got  a 
really  efficient  and  satisfactory  service.  The  development  of  the 
service  was  likely  to  be  rapid.  In  the  present  financial  year 
thev  would  spend  on  construction,  renewals,  and  maintenance,  a  sum 
of  about  :")}  million  pounds.  The  money  had  been  available  before, 
but  the  staff  had  had  so  much  to  do  that  thev  had  not  been  able  to 
spend  it.  The  future  development  of  the  telephone  service  was 
greatly  bound  up  with  the  introduction,  to  a  continuously 
increasing  degree,  of  automatic  systems.  The  experiments  that 
had  been  made  had  been  ve/y  successful,  and  the  Department  was 
taking  steps  to  extend  the  tise  of  automatic  appliances.  The  late 
Engineer-in-Chief,  Major  O'Meara,  was  still  assisting  the  Depart- 
ment, as  special  commissioner,  and  was  investigating  telephone 
systems  on  the  Continent.  They  proposed  to  make  an  experiment 
of  a  very  interesting  kind  ;  in  some  small  towns,  with  less  than  50 
subscribers,  an  automatic  installation  was  to  be  provided  which 
would  look  after  itself  entirely.  It  would  merely  enable  the  sub- 
scribers to  get  into  touch  with  the  exchange  in  the  nearest  large 
town,  and  also  enable  the  operators  in  that  exchange  to  ring  up 
the  subscribers  in  the  small  place.  One  other  development  was 
the  provision  of  a  tube  railway  for  the  exclusive  use  of  the  Post 
Office  in  London.  The  scheme  was  well  advanced,  and  the  Post 
Office  would  before  long  have  a  tube  of  its  own  for  the  carriage  of 
its  mails  and  parcels  from  one  end  of  London  to  the  other.  It  was 
a  great  pleasure  to  him  to  toast  their  new  Engineer-in-Chief,  Mr. 
Slingo,  who  had  risen  in  the  Engineering  Department  from  the 
lowest  ranks  up  to  the  top. 

Mr.  W.  Slingo.  in  reply,  referred  to  the  wonderful  strides  which 
the  Engineering  Department  had  made  and  the  very  great  impres- 
.-■ion  which  he  was  sure  the  Department  had  made  upon  thr  heads 
of  the  Post  Office.  The  importance  of  the  work  and  the  honour 
and  credit  of  the  Department  were  undoubtedly  on  the  mind  of 
every  man  on  the  staff;  they  were  alive  to  the  great  interests 
entrusted  to  them  and  to  the  great  work  they  had  to  do.  The 
Department  was  increasing  rapidly.  Their  expenditure  this  year 
was  twice  as  much  as  it  was  last  year,  but  they  had  done  more 
than  twice  as  much  work  for  the  double  expenditure.  The  staff 
increased  during  the  year  by  the  acquisition  of  the  National  Tele- 
phone Co.'s  staff  from  9,000  to.  1  (5,000  men.     The  elutl  had  under-. 


222 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi,  72.   No.  i,837,febbdary7,  1913 


gone  a  reorganisation,  and  a  largely  extended  benefit  had  resulted. 
He  did  not  want  a  contented  staff.  A  contented  staff  was  a  stafl'  with- 
out ambition,  and  could  never  progress  He  hoped  no  one  would 
imagine  that  because  there  were  to  be  no  examinations  there  would 
be  no  selection.  He  was  prepared  to  make  the  selection  as  keen  aa 
ever  it  was.  The  inventory  had  almost  been  forgotten  ;  he  won- 
dered if  anyone  realised  how  much  work  there  was  in  the  inventory 
operations.  The  valuation,  which  succeeded  the  inventory,  and  to 
some  extent  proceeded  concurrently  with  it.  was  another  big  work. 
Only  those  who  went  through  that  mill  would  ever  know  the 
extent  of  the  grinding,  and  the  time  would  come  when  credit 
would  have  to  be  given  to  some  of  the  offi-^ers  who  so  zealously 
threw  themselves  into  this  work.  It  was  an  honourable  fight. 
They  had  been  more  than  74  days  in  Court,  and  at  the  end  of  that 
time  there  was  hand-shaking  all  round,  proving  that  there  was  the 
utmost  good  feeling. 

Mr.  \V.  Noble,  on  rising  to  propose  the  toast  of  "The  Visitors," 
said  they  had  with  them  not  only  the  rlilf  of  the  Post  Otiioe  service 
but  also  the  I'litr  of  the  allied  engineering  professions  outside  the 
service,  to  whom  they  gave  a  very  hearty  welcome.  He  first  referred 
to  the  "  oflBcially  dead,'"  namely,  their  veterans.  Sir  John  Gavey 
would  always  have  a  very  hearty  welcome.  It  was  only  a  few  days 
since  Mr.  Kempe  left  them  ;  recently,  when  he  delivered  a  very 
interesting  address  at  their  Institution,  one  gentleman  made  the 
shortest  speech  on  record  :  "  Mr.  Chairman  and  gentlemen,— Can 
you  wonder  that  we  all  love  Kempe  .'  "  With  regard  to  their 
"officially  live"  guests,  it  was  the  universal  opinion  of  all  officers 
of  the  Post  Office  that  they  never  had  a  more  able  Postmaster- 
(Jeneral.  nor  one  who  had  obtained  such  a  grasp  of  the  work  of  the  ' 
great  Department  over  which  he  presided. 

Mr.  A.  M.  .T.  Ogilvie  and  Mr.  W.  Duddell  replied  to  the  toast,  and 
Mr.  A.  W.  Martin  proposed  the  toast  of  "  The  Chairman,"  who  briefly 
responded. 

Institution    and    Lecture    \otes. — Association    of 

Mining  Electrical  En(;ineebs.  —  At  a  joint  meeting  of 
members  of  the  Association  and  of  the  Yorkshire  Branch  of 
the  National  Association  of  Colliery  Managers,  at  Leeds,  last 
week,  Mr.  David  Bowen,  acting  head  of  the  Mining  Department  of 
the  Leeds  University,  gave  an  illustrated  lecture  on  "  An  Account 
of  Experiments  on  Safety  Devices  in  Connection  with  Electrical 
Machinery  for  Coal  Mines,"  with  many  details  of  experiments 
carried  out  at  the  University  by  himself  and  Mr.  Walter  C.  French. 
He  referred  to  the  experiments  carried  out  in  Germany  several  years 
ago  by  Prof.  Heise  and  Dr.  Thiem,  and  continued  by  Messrs.  Beyling 
and  Goetze  in  Germany,  and  said  that  they  had  since  been  proved  by 
himself  and  Mr.  French  to  be  unacceptable. 

The  Iron  and  Steel  Institute. — The  annual  meeting  will 
be  held  at  the  Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  Storey's  Gate, 
Westminster,  on  Thursday  and  Friday,  May  1st  and  2nd.  The 
Bessemer  Gold  Medal  will  be  awarded  to  Mr.  Adolphe  Greiner, 
general  director  of  the  Socicte  Cockerill,  Seraing,  vice-president  of 
the  Institute.  The  annual  dinner  will  be  held  at  the  Hotel  Cecil 
on  Thursday,  May  1st.  The  autumn  meeting  will  be  held  at 
Brussels,  at  a  date  to  be  announced  later. 

Royal  society  of  Arts.— On  Wednesday  evening,  a  paper  on 
"The  Economic  and  Hygienic  Value  of  Good  Illumination"  was 
read  by  .M  r.  Leon  Gaster. 

The  Society  ok  Engineers  (Inc.).— On  February  3rd,  a  paper 
on  "  The  Bus  r.  Tram  Controversy,  and  Other  Aspects  of  the  London 
TraflSc  Problem,'  was  read  by  Mr.  Wm.  Yorath  Lewis,  who 
endeavoured  to  awaken  Londoners  to  the  seriousness  of  the  present 
situation,  urging  that  the  traffic  facilities  should  be  controlled  by 
Government.  The  formation  of  a  ''  London  Transport  Association  " 
was  suggested,  for  the  purpose  of  studying  the  problems,  e<lucating 
the  public,  and  using  all  possible  means  to  secure  cheap  and 
effectively  rapid  transport.  At  present,  he  said,  the  London  County 
Council  was  baulked  in  every  direction,  and  its  tramway  under- 
taking was  excluded  from  the  lucrative  short-journey  traffic  which 
would  be  ensured  by  inter-connections  through  the  central  area. 
The  author  then  investigated  whethef  motor-omnibuses  adecjuat^ly 
filled  the  needs  of  the  central  area  and  the  connections  with  the 
immediate  surroundings,  concluding  that  if  they  did  so,  which  was 
not  by  any  means  the  case,  it  was  only  at  enormous  cost  to  the 
traveller  using  them,  although  they  operated  under  conditions 
of  unmatched  freedom,  conditions  which  could  not  be  justified. 
The  "door  to  door  '  speed  possible  with  'buses  within  the 
central  areas  was  on  the  average  only  4  miles  an  hour.  The 
average  amount  paid  [jer  passenger-mile  ridden  was  at  least  Id., 
and  of  every  penny  taken  :>S  per  cent,  was  clear  profit.  In  com- 
parison with  thi",  on  the  Glasgow  tramways  the  amount  paid  per 
ridden  mile  was  under  a  halfpenny,  and  on  the  L.C.C.  tramways  the 
amount  paid  per  ridden  mile  was  as  low  as  Jd.  The  huge  profit  made 
by  buses  in  the  central  area  enabled  the  omnibus  company  to  make 
big  average  profits,  even  if  the  suburban  traffic  was  run  at  such  rates 
as  left  in  some  cases  little,  if  any,  margin.  Mr.  Lewis  concluded 
that  the  Adkins-Lewis  system  of  continuous  transport  was  superior 
to  motor  omnibuses  and  tramways  for  the  central  area. 

Lamp  Standards  for  Notor-Car  Electric  Li^htinft; 

InstallationK. — At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Standards  Committee 
of  the  American  Society  of  Automobile  Engineers,  in  New  York,  a 
report  was  presented  by  the  Division  on  Lamp  Standards.  The 
relative  advantages  of  fche  earthed  and  unearthed  returns  for 
lighting  systems  commanded  attention  on  account  of  the  rapid 
development  in  car  electric  lighting  recently.  It  was  brought  out 
that  the  earthed  return  provided  bigger  contact  points  and  better 
insulation  of  the  lamp  receptacles.  Further,  with  earthed  returns 
there  were  fewer  connections  at  the  switch  ;  an  ordinary  system 
involving  head,  side  and  tail  lamps  had  11  connections  with  tl)e 
Ciirtbed,  as  against  14  with  the  unearthed  8^»t«m, 


As  to  the  advantages  of  the  unearthed  return,  they  all  hinged  on 
the  fact  that  accidental  earthing  on  the  battery  side  of  an  earthed 
return  system  short-circuited  the  current  and  damaged  the  battery  ; 
whereas,  in  the  unearthed  return  system  it  would  be  necessary  to 
earth  both  sides  of  the  circuit  simultaneously.  With  earthed 
systems  horns  and  other  dash  electric  devices  must  be  carefully 
insulated  from  the  metal  parts  of  the  body.  No  definite  recom- 
mendation was  made  on  this  point. 

The  report  recommended  that  standard  electric  light  bulbs  be 
known  as  7-volt  bulbs,  and  have  an  efficiency  of  11  watts  per 
candle  at  voltages  between  6'5  and  7  volts.  Standard  electric 
headlights  are  to  be  2j'„  in.  in  diameter,  and  capable  of  being 
focused  in  a  reflector  of  7 — S  in.  or  greater  focal  length.  An  effort 
is  being  made  to  get  data  from  battery  makers  from  which  to 
specify  standard  dimensions  of  batteries  and  plates,  giving  three 
standard  plate  sizes  from  which  batteries  of  any  capacity  can  be 
made  by  increasing  the  overall  battery  length. 

Electricity  Supply  Ritle  Leas?ue.— On  .Saturday  last 

the  first  annual  dinner  of  the  League  was  held  at  the  Talbot 
Restaurant,  London  Wall  ;  the  president,  Sir  Alexander  Kennedy, 
occupied  the  chair,  and  there  was  a  large  gathering  of  meml 
and  guests,  numbering  over  100. 

After  the  toast  of  "The  King,"  Mr.  L.  L.  Robinson,  electric 
engineer  and  manager  to  the  Hackney  Borough  Council,  propos 
success  to  the  League,  remarking  that  the  Hackney  staff  were  thi 
prime  movers  in  forming  the  League  early  last  year,  and  that  thejj 
hid  a  unst  energetic  secretary  in  Mr.  E.  Matthews.     Westminst 
had   won   all  their  matches,  and   scored  20  points,  Central   bein^ 
second  with  14.     All  managers,  he  said,  were  anxious  to  encourag 
the   League,   which    had    proved    a  splendid  thing ;    they   would 
endeavour  to  promote  shoulder-to-shoulder  matches,  so  as  to  get' 
acquainted  with  one  another  at  the  different  works.     Hackney  had 
an  excellent  range  of  liiO,  50  and  25  yards,  and  they  hopad  to  hold 
a  gala  day  there  next  summer. 

Mr.  Matthews,  who  received  an  ovation,  said  that  in  addi- 
tion to  the  undertakings  already  enrolled,  those  of  Brompton,  St. 
James's.  Poplar,  Bermondsey  and  Hampstead  were  coming  along 
this  year. 

Mr.  S.  T.  Dobson,  of  the  St.  James's  Co.,  briefly  proposed  the 
health  of  the  President,  who,  in  responding,  said  he  was  more 
concerned  with  the  13'5-in.  gun,  having  a  range  of  20,000  yd., 
than  with  the  riiie.  He  was  pleased  to  see  that  the  shooting  men 
were  drawn  from  every  branch  of  the  staff  ;  that  was  an  ideal  con- 
dition. He  conveyed  a  challenge  to  the  League  from  the  Railway 
Rifle  League  to  a  match  (which  was  at  once  accepted),  and  offered 
to  present  a  disappearing  target  apparatus  to  the  League  if  they 
would  devise  one.  He  then  presented  souvenir  medals  to  the 
members  of  the  Westminster  team  : — Messrs.  H.  A.  Pearman 
(average  96'2)  ;  Foster  (BSD  ;  Neville (953)  :  Winchcombe  (94'8fi)  ; 
Partridge  (939  ;  W.  A.  Pearman  (920)  ;  Horley  (9r8)  ;  Litt  (900); 
and  White  (89  87). 

Mr.  C.  Newton  Russell,  proposing  the  "Visitors,"  said  that  all 
the  sports  clubs  that  had  been  formed  at  Shoreditch  had  proved 
failures  with  the  exception  of  the  rifle  club,  which  was  thriving, 
Mr.  G.  Spenoer  Hawes  replied  with  a  humorous  speech,  and  Mr.  L, 
Wilde  proposed  "The  Artistes,'  for  whom  Mr.  J.  II.  Heathman 
responded.  Mr.  Heathman  was  in  charge  of  the  excellent  musical 
programme,  which  was  rendered  by  members  of  the  League,  and 
proved  that  the  latter  were  no  less  efficient  as  musicians  than  theif 
were  as  riflemen. 

Educational  Notes. — Au  aunouncement  is  made  in  our 
advertisement  pages  regarding  a  course  of  12  lectures  on  "The 
Design  of  Turbo-Generators,"  to  be  delivered  by  Prof.  Miles  Walker 
at  the  City  and  Guilds  (Engineering)  College,  South  Kensington, 
commencing  on  February  12  th. 

A  site  for  the  proposed  Engineering  Laboratory  at  Oxford  haa 
been  obtained  outside  the  park.  The  original  proposal  to  erect  it 
in  the  University  Park  met  with  strong  opposition. 

Fatality. — A  correspondent  writes  : — "  While  Edward 
Blanched  was  engaged,  on  Tuesday  night,  wheeling  a  motor-oar 
into  a  shed,  the  car  touched  a  live  wire,  and  the  man  received  such 
a  severe  shock  that  he  died  on  the  way  to  the  hospital." 

Osrani  and  Robertson  Social  and  Athletic  €lub.— 

The  Fancy  Dress  Dance  of  this  club  was  held  at  Brook  Green, 
Hammersmith,  on  Saturday  last,  and  was  a  great  sucoeas, 
Dancing  commenced  at  7  o'clock,  and  despite  the  inclement 
weather,  about  300  people  were  present.  The  music  was  rendered 
by  Mr.  F.  Windett's  scarlet  orchestra.  The  M.C.'s  were  Meean 
Pluck  and  Minson.  Prizes  were  offered  for  the  best  fancy  costumei 
and  the  judging  resulted  as  follows  :  — 

Ladies. — First,  Miss  Palombo,  "  Lady  Uainsboroueb  " ;  secand,  Mia 
Braysliaw,  "  lodian  Lady";  third,  Miss  BignelJ,  "Charles  I";  fourth,  Hi* 
Ritchie,  "  Pompadour." 

Gentlemen.— First,  Mr.  Woodward,  "  Skipper  "  ;  Mr.  Cook,  "  Cowboy." 

The  prizes  were  presented  by  Mrs.  C.  Wilson,  to  whom  a  heart] 
vote  of  thanks  was  accorded,  and  Mr.  Wilson,  on  behalf  of  M« 
Wilson  and  himself,  suitably  replied.  Amongst  the  compan; 
\vere  —Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  Hirst,  Mr.  M.  Railing,  Mr.  F.  Sells,  Mr.an< 
Mrs  Sheppard.  The  party  broke  up  about  midnight,  after  harini 
spent  a  very  enjoyable  evening. 

Royal  College  of  Physicians, — Xatim  states  that  th 

Goulstonian  Lectures,  to  be  delivered  by  Dr.  A.  J.  Jex-Blake  o 
February  26th  and  27th  and  March  4tb,  will  deal  with  "  De(i*b  b 
Lipbtninp  and  Electric  Currents, ' 


Vol.  72.     Xi>.  l,N:i7,  Vi:unv 


TIIK    KLKC'I'IilCAL     KKVfKW. 


22:j 


THE     POWER    STATION    OF    LIENFOS. 
NORWAY. 


[llV    (Ull    ItKllMN    CDUltKllroNDI.N'l'.] 

Willi. i;    Llic    iihuiuliuiL    wiiter    power   of    Norway     ifi    used 
extcimively   for  Llie   supply   of  Vv^Ui  and  power,  uiid    more 


The  Poweu  St.vtion  oi'  Lienkos. 

recently  for  railway  operation,  many  of  the  iarn;e  waterfalls 
situated  in  the  interior  of  the  country  would  have  had  to  remain 
idle  but  for  the  extraordinary  industrial  developments  brouglit 
about  by  tlie  advent  of  new  processes  for  the  production  of 
calcium  carbide,  the  fixation  of  atmospheric  nitrogen  and 
the  manufacture  of  iron  and  steel  in  the  electric  furnace.  In 
Telemarken,  in  par- 
ticular, where  local  con- 
ditions are  es2)ecially 
favourable,  a  large 
number  of  plants  have 
already  been  installed. 
A  natural  lake,  the 
Mjosvand,  situated  at 
an  altitude  of  902 
metres,  and  having  an 
area  of  41  &[.  km., 
forms  a  gigantic  reser- 
voir which  is  capable 
of  supplying  up  to 
")0  cb.  metres  of  water 
per  second  continu- 
ously throughout  the 
whole  year.  The  water 
flows  through  the 
power  stations  Rjukaii 
I,  Rjukan  II  (under 
construction),  Svaelg- 
fos,  Lienfos,  Tinfos 
and  Skaatfos,  so  that 
one  reservoir  supplies 
six  power  stations,  a 
number  to  be  even 
increased  later  on  by 
the  use  of  other  falls. 
These  favourable  local 
conditions  can  be 
expressed  in  figures 
by  stating  that  the 
cost  of  electrical 
energy,  including  the 
purchase    of    the    site 


Nitrogen  (.'().  (  Hydro-  Klckuitk-  K  vmUlof  -  Akti<-»«;Ukab;, 
which  miimifuelureH  nitre  uiid  liy-pnxluclH  in  itH  factorieH  at 
N()t<)dd"n  hikI  Snuheim. 

In    tlie   liieiifoH    power  Htiitir'ti,   lii(;b-prcH<iurc  ciirr«;nt  at 
TiO  eyelcH  is  produced  directly  by  the  generators  un<l   \Mnivm 
on  to  the  tranxinisitioii  lincH  without  further  wmvention.    The 
electrical    e(|iiipiiient     compriM'H     two     eontinuouM-ciirrent 
exciters  driven  \>y  Hmali    lurbineH,    four   hirge    three-|)haw; 
generator.M,  cablcH  leading  tf>  the  Hwitch- 
gear,     the    Hwilchgear    it<«;lf    with     the 
apparatus  and  oil   switchex  for  tlie  four 
gencratorH  and   ff)ur    transmisHion   lines, 
the  bus-bars  and  the  lightning  arresttr 
I)lant,   as   well    as  the  switeh board   and 
the   lighting  installations.       Further,  in 
the  switcbgear,  branches  have  been  pro- 
vided to  the  Svaelgfos  sub-station  of  the 
Tinos  railway,  as  well  as  to  tin;  slation 
transformer.      The   connections    are    so 
designed    that   each    machine  can  work 
separately   on    the    transmission   line    to 
which  it   belongs  or  in  parallel  with  tlic 
other  machines  on  to  the  transmission 
lines  over  the  bus-bars.     For  this  pur- 
pose the  bus-bars  are  so  arranged  that 
they     can    l)e     cut    off     by     isolating 
switches   from    the   junction    points   of 
the    machines   and    transmission    lines. 
Each   pair  of    three-phase   transmission 
lines  is  carried  on  one  row  of  poles.     The 
main    conductors    are     arranged     in    a 
hexagon,  above  which  a  smaller  neutral  wire  is  led  which  is 
earthed  at  the  receiving  station.      This   wire  can  carry  the 
neutral    wire  currents  of  two   adjoining  machines,  but  two 
neutral    wires  can    also    l)e   connected    up    in    parallel    by 
means  of  special  bus-bars.      They  are  only  provided  with 
isolating  switches  and  not  with  oil  switches. 


IlNterior  of  Lienfos  Power  Station. 


and  the  building  of  the  station,  only  amounts  to  100-1 2.") 
marks  per  H.p.-year. 

It  is  intended  in  the  following  to  give  a  short  description 
of  the  electrical  equipment  of  the  Lienfos  works,  situated 
3  km.  above  Xotodden,  on  the  Ki\er  Tin,  which  was  supplied 
by  the  A.E.G.  This  power  station,  like  the  Kjukau  works 
and  Svaelgfos  power  station,  belongs  to  the  Hydro-Electric 


Each  exciter  lias  an  output  of  -JOO  Kw.  at  230  volts  and 
400  R.P..M.,  and  suffices  for  the  excitation  of  all  four 
generators.  By  switching  out  the  shunt  regulator  of  the 
exciter  which  happens  to  be  running,  the  excitation  can  be 
cut  off  from  the  power  station  in  the  event  of  a  dangerous 
breakdown. 

The    four   generators,  coupled  to  the  turbines  by  flange 


224 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.  72.   No.  1,837,  febiu-aky  7, 1913 


couplin<rs.  arc  earb  desiiriieil  for  an  output  of  (i,(100  k.v.a.  at 
cos  9)  =  •(!,  and  for  a  pressure  of   10,000  to   11,000  volts 


Fig.  1.— Arrangejiknt  of  Ckneratini;  Plant  at  GLENyUAV  Reservoir  (Sot- p.  226). 


at  .")()  cycles  and  a  speed  of  187'o  it.i'.^r.     The  rotors,  which 
are  tested  up  to  excess  speeds  of  f^O  per  cent.,  have  cast-steel 


action  is  veiy  jiowerful  and  sets  up  an  appreciable  partial 
\acuuni  in  the  dynamo-room  when  the  windows  are  closed, 
so  that  a  single  door  leading  into  the 
open  air  can  only  be  opened  with 
difficulty.  Tlie  regulating  shutters  placed 
in  the  air  passages  are  completely 
closed  in  winter  ;  the  air  then  re- 
enters the  dynamo-room  for  heating 
purposes,  through  gratings  above  the 
air  passages  and  also  through  openings 
in  the  backs  of  the  stators. 

The  field  regulators  are  fitted  with 
remote  control,  and  by  means  of  a 
contact  arrangement  can  be  con- 
trolled both  separately  and  simul- 
taneously in  parallel  by  a  single 
manipulation.  The  controlling  gear 
works  in  such  a  manner  that  the 
contacts  can  only  remain  stationary 
with  the  broad  surfaces  covering  one 
another.  In  order  to  avoid  burns, 
the  contacts  are  provided  with  additional  sparking  contacts 
and  magnetic  blow-outs.     The  controlling  gear  is  switched 


POWER 
HOUSE 


JIM  •  n  :  *H  -?    ?f  f 


Fig.  2. — Plan  of  Works  at  Glenquay  Reservoir  (See  p.  226). 


rims  into  which  the  poles  are  dovetailed  ;  the  latter  have 
bare  copper  windings  and  oblique  pole  shoes.  The  semi- 
enclosed  stators  are  constnicted  in  four  parts  with  removable 
feet,  and  have  former- 
wound  coils  laid  in 
open  slots  in  three 
layers.  The  stators 
are  mounted  in  the 
pits  on  four  rollers  on 
which  they  can  be 
turned  completely 
round.  A  maximum 
temperature  rise  of 
40^  C,  a  test  voltage 
of  22,000  volts  and 
an  efficiency  of  ;);}"5 
per  cent,  were  guaran- 
teed. The  cooling 
air,  driven  into  the 
machine  radially  by 
means  of  fan  rings 
on  both  sides,  is  led 
through  the  back  of 
the  stator  to  the  gene- 
rator pit.  which  is 
covered  in.  From 
here  it  passes  into 
passages    each    bavin 


out  automatically  in  the  end  position.  It  should  also  be 
mentioned  that  the  exciter  switches  of  the  generators  are 
electrically  interlocked  with   the   field   regulators,  so    that 


Fig.  3.— View  oi-  Works,  Glenquay. 


the    open     air     through     two    air 

a   section  of    1    scj.   metre,   which 

are  provided  with   regulating    shutters.      The   ventilating 


they  can  only  l)e  openeil  when  the  regulators  are  switched 
out  and  the  generators  are  not  excited. 

Two  four-core  cables  arranged  in  parallel  lead  the  three 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8:t7,  FKH,M,Auv7,  liM.i    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


'tir> 


plmsc's  1111(1  Llic  luiilriil  wire  frotii  ('ii(!li  ^jcntiiitor  Lo  tlir  ciiil 
Healinf,'  Ijoxcs  of  tlu!  HwiLclifjeur,  wliotiw!  the  oondiioLors 
are  ciiri'iod  on  in  tlie  form  of  bare  copper  r(Ml.  Tlie 
jiliiises  lire  lve[)t  sepiiriiLe  tliroufjlidiit  the  entire  H\vitclij,'cur. 
'I'lie  oil  H\vit(;lie8  eiicli  coiisJHLof  three  remote-control  Hepurate 
switches  coupled  by  chains.  Smooth  insulators  and  con- 
centric terminals  are  employed  everywhere,  and  impart  a 
very  pleasiu},'  appearance  to  the  installation. 

Tests  made  on  delivery  f,'ave  very  favourable  results. 
Althoufih  tiie  aica  of  the  air  outlet  is  very  mneli  reduced  in 
winter,  the  <^uaranteed  temperature  ri.se  was  adhered  to. 
The  efliciency  was  found  to  be  \-\\  per  cent,  better  than  the 
guaranteed  figures,  and  amounted  to  i)l-K  per  cent,  at 
cos  <^  =  ■(;,  so  that  the  high  efliciency  of  !)6'H  per  cent,  was 
attained  with  phase  coincidence. 


\<)  lM-tt<'r  results  in  tliis  connection  have  \^^■^t\\  obUiined 
than  in  the  working  of  pumi*— reHults,  indeed,  unuttained  by 
any  other  method  of  trunsmiHsion,  bccuuw;  of  the  Hlewly  load 


ELECTRICITY  IN  CONSTRUCTIONAL  WORK. 

Tilt';  supply  of  labour  is  of  vital  importance  in  the  carrying- 
out  of  constructional  work,  and  will  often  decide  whether  a 
contract  shall  prove 
profitable  to  the 
contractor  or  not, 
and  whether  he 
will  be  enabled  to 
adhere  to  the  speci- 
fied time  of  comple- 
tion. In  this 
article  we  do  not  in- 
tend to  disparage 
the  substitution  of 
mechanical  power, 
which  has  hitherto 
advantageously 
superseded  manual 
labour  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  with 
the  aid  of  compara- 
tively small  and 
inefficient  steam 
plant,  but,  as  a 
general  rule,  we 
consider  the  appli- 
cation of  electricity 
obtained  from  a 
central  source  of 
power  by  means 
of  connection  to  the 
mains  of   a   supply 

authority  in  the  neighbourhood,  or  by  the  equipment  of  a 
power  station  to  suit  requirements,  to  be  much  preferable  as 
regards  both  convenience  and  economy  in  working. 


Turning  and  Polishinr  Shop,  Ckystalate  Co.'s  Works  (pag:e  227). 


View  in  Pkess  Shop,  Crvstalate  Co.s  Works  (pajre  227). 


The  Crvstalate  .MANUFACTURiNCi  Co.'s  Wobks,  Tokbbidoe 
(pace  227). 

on  the  niritor.  A  further  recommendation  for  this  duty  is 
the  mobility  of  the  pumps  and  motors,  as,  the  energy  being 
transmitted  by  cables,  it  is  obvious  that  very  little  work  is 

involved  in  remov- 
ing the  pumps  to 
new  positions  as 
found  necessary. 

One  of  the  most 
recent  instances  of 
the  use  of  electricity 
in  contracting  is  to 
be  found  in  the 
work  now  being 
completed  at  Glen- 
quay  Reservoir,  in 
Perthshire.  This 
undertaking  was 
carried  out  three  or 
four  years  ago  to 
provide  storage  for 
the  water  supply  to 
the  Southern  Dis- 
trict of  Fifeshire, 
and  particularly  in 
anticipation  of  the 
increased  demand 
likely  to  be  created 
by  the  Xaval  Base 
at  Rosyth.  About 
18  months  ago  it 
was  found  neces- 
sary to  extend  the 
puddle  trench  of  the  retaining  bank  into  the  hill  at  the 
east  side,  with  a  view  to  increasing  the  cjipacity  of  the 
reservoir,  which  has  been  planned  to  provide  double  storage 
at  any  future  time  by  raising  the  existing 
bank  by  1 1  ft. 

The  enterprising  contractors — Messrs. 
Wilson,  Ivinmond  and  Marr,  Ltd..  of 
(Hasgow — were  entrusted  with  the  exten- 
sion, and  on  the  advice  of  their  consulting 
engineers,  Messrs.  James  E.  Savers  and 
Caldwell,  of  Glasgow,  decided  to  provide 
generating  plant  in  a  position  accessible 
for  the  easy  delivery  of  fuel,  the  power 
being  supplied  to  the  pump,  crane,  &c.,  by 
means  of  an  overhead  transmission  line. 

The  position  of  the  power  house  in 
relation  to  the  work  can  be  seen  in  tig.  2. 
on  the  opposite  page,  while  the  plan, 
fig.  1.  shows  the  general  arrangement  of 
the  generating  plant. 

The  gas  engine  and  suction-producer 
plant  were  manufactured  by  the  National 
Gas  Engine  Co. :  the  engine  is  capable  of 
giving  7.')  U.K. p.  maximum  and  68  b.h.p. 
constant  working  load  on  suction  gas  of 
loo  yi.TH.r.,  when  running  at  :?10  R.r.M. 
The  engine  is  provided  with  magneto 
ignition  and  compressed-air  starter. 


•2-26 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    :voi.72.   xo.  1,837,  februauyt,  loi: 


Owing  to  the  continuance  of  operations  night  and  day 
during  the  execution  of  tlie  contract,  double  producers  and 
scrubbers  were  provided,  wliich  are  connected  togfether  ;  but 


^n^ 

mt 

0^^^ 

i 

f^H 

jp 

As  the  growth  of  water  was  uncertain,  one  pump  was 
supplied  in  the  first  instance,  and  has  proved  sufhcient  to 
deal  with  the  amount  of  water  in  the  trench. 

The  centrifugal  pum])  and  motur  combination,  manufac- 
tured bv  Weise  &  IMonski,  will  deliver  300  gallons  of  water 
I)er  minute  against  a  total  varying  head  of  from  .")0  to  I'.tOft. 
The  pump  delivery  to  the  o-in.  rising  main  pipe  column, 
fitted  with  a  retaining  valve,  is  throttled  at  the  sluice  valve 
as  required  to  keep  the  (juantity  of  water  normal  during 
sinking  operations  at  reduced  head.  The  25-h.I'.  motor, 
lunning  at  1,70U  r.i'.m.,  is  of  the  shunt-wound  j)rotected 
type  for  operating  at  2r)0-;!()0  volts,  and  suitable  for  driving 
the  pump  at  full  load  without  destructive  heating.  Although 
the  pump  was  used  intermitf^ntly,  spare  impeller  parts  and 
a  motor  armature  were  available  to  ensure  continuity  of  ser- 
vice, but  it  is  particularly  gratifying  to  know  that  neither 
have  so  far  been  necessary. 

A  3-ton  electric  derrick  crane,  by  Messrs.  Butters  Bros., 
lifting  at  the  rate  of  8u  to  1 20  ft.  per  minute,  is  fitted  with 
a  (iO-ft.  steel  lattice  jib,  made  in  two  portions  for  convenient 
delivery  and  erection.     A  12-ii.u.i'.  motor  of  the  enclosed 


A  COENER  OF  THE   PRESS  RoOM  IN  THE  CRVSTALATE  CO.'S  WoRKS. 

as  each  is  capable  of  taking  three-(|uarter  duty,  they  are  so 
arranged  that  either  plant  can  be  disconnected  to  allow  of 
the  other  producer  being  relincd  with  firebricks  at  intervals. 
A  motor-driven  fan  is  fitted  to  one  producer  for  starting. 

The  dynamo,  of  40-KW.  capacity,  manufactured  by  the 
Edison  &  Swan  Co.,  is  compound  wound  to  generate  135  am- 
peres at  30u  volts  and  800  u.p.m.,  and  is  connected  by 
belting  to  the  engine  pulley. 

A  circular  saw  is  accommodated  at  the  end  of  the  power 
house  building,  and  is  driven  by  belting  from  the  engine 
fly-wheel. 

The  supply  of  electrical  energy  is  transmitted  to  the  bank 
workings  by  overhead  bare  conductors,  supported  on  insula- 
tors fixed  to  poles  and  entering  buildings  through  porcelain 


View  in  the  Tool  Shop,  Crvstalate  Co.'s  Works 


tubes.  .Separate  cables  radiate  from  distributing  boards  in 
a  store  cabin  adjoining  the  excavations  for  the  supply  of  the 
pump,  crane  and  lighting. 


The  Rolling  and  ^Iixing  Department,  Crystalate  Co."s 
Works  (p.  227). 


reversing  type,  series-wound  for  250-300  volts  at  700  r.J'.m., 
is  fitted  to  this  crane,  and  a  tramway  type  controller  with 
magnetic  blow-out  and  suitable  resistance  is  mounted 
alongside.  The  crane  has  handled 
fully  10,000  cb.  ft.  of  earth  and 
rock  excavations,  besides  the  necessary 
timbering,  &c. 

Aerial  conductors  for  electric  light- 
ing are  supported  on  porcelain  insu- 
lators fixed  to  cross-arms  on  poles 
spaced  about  2()  yards  apart,  the 
connections  being  taken  from  these 
conductors  to  21  electric  lamp  fit- 
tings fixed  to  poles  by  clamping  rings 
underneath. 

The  erection  of  the  plant  and  wiring 
was  carried  out  by  the  Harland  Engi- 
neering Co.,  and  ^Fessrs.  Telford,  Grier 
and  MacKay. 

During  the  18  months  the  plant 
has  been  in  operation  only  55  tons 
of  Polmaise  anthracite  (washed  singles), 
costing  £56  12s.,  including  delivery 
charges,  was  consumed  by  the  producer 
plant. 

The  above  instance  of  the  appli- 
cation of  electricity  to  contracting 
work  is  sufficient  to  warrant  the 
special  consideration  of  its  further 
development  by  firms  who  carry  out 
the  erection  of  large  buildings,  the 
driving  of  tunnels,  the  excavation  of 
sewers,  and  other  large  public  works  necessitating  the 
operation    of    lifts   and    hoists,   concrete    mixers,    derricks, 


and  other  contracting  appliances. 


Vol.72.   No.  1,837, 1'KiuurAHvr,  191M.1    THE    ELECTRICAL    KEVIRW. 


221 


CRYSTALATE    IN    THE    MAKING. 


It  is  prolmbli-  tlmt  very  few  of  our  ri-adein  re(|iiire  u  lengthy 
introduction  to  Crystiiliitc,  a  subHttmcc  which  hiiH  been  widely 
applied  during  the  past  few  years,  both  industrially  and 
for  sporting  and  other  purposes.  In  the  industrial 
sphere,  its  electrical  uses  are  very  luinicrous  ;  in  the  world 
of  sport  and  pastime  its  use  for  billiard  and  bagatelle  bulls 
is  too  well-known  Lo  need  description,  while  it  is  also  largely 
employed  in  the  making  of  gramophone  rec^mls, 
dominoes,  itc. 

The  ("rystalate  Manufacturing  Co.'s  works  arc  situated 
about  five  miles  from  the  old  town  of  Tonbridge,  Kent, 
amidst  surroundings  which  certainly  do  not  suggest  manu- 
facturing operations,  although  some  .">()()  workpeople  are 
employed  there.  Broadly  speaking,  the  company's  product 
is  divided  into  Crystallite,  a  material  which  has  as  many  as 
80  different  compositions  and  can  be  made  in  any  colour, 
and  Crystalate  Star  (!rade,  a  fireproof  black  or  white  insulat- 
ing material  specially  produced  for  electrical  purposes.  Roth 
classes  of  material  are  very  largely  used  for  switch  handles, 
bases,  covers,  bushes,  conduit  fittings,  telephone  mouth- 
pieces, receivers  and  similar  things,  all  over  the  world,  but 
particularly  in  (iermany. 

The  Star  Grade  is  a  new  material  only  recently  put  on 
the  market,  and  an  expensive  plant  has  been  installed  for 
its  production,  the  company  having  the  sole  manufacturing 
rights  for  the  whole  of  Eurojie.  It  is  made  in  several  grades 
for  moulding,  machinuig  and  sheets,  and  differs  from  nearly 
all  other  insulating  materials  of  the  kind,  in  that  it  is 
unaffected  by  high  temperatures,  non-hygroscopic,  has  a 
high  insulation  resistance,  and  is  both  tough  and  strong. 

A  Faraday  House  test,  for  instance,  gave  a  specific 
resistance  of  113,000  megohms;  a  breakdown  voltage  of 
over  7.000  volts  on  a  sample  "dbl  cm.  thick  ;  a  percentage 
absorption  of  water  after  4S  hours'  immersion  of  'U  ;  and 
showed  that  heating  in  a  Bunsen  flame,  and  in  a  crucible,  to 
680""  F.  had  no  effect  on  it. 

A  special  department  is  given  up  to  the  preliminary 
mixing  of  the  raw  constituents  of  the  Star  Grade  Crystalate, 
which  subsequently  passes  to  a  -  hydraulic  press  room, 
where  it  is  measured  preparatory  to  moulding,  an  operation 
carried  out  in  special  dies,  and  under  considerable  pressure. 
A  number  of  large  and  small  presses  are  employed  in  this 
work,  the  largest  being  a  1,200-ton  press  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  slabs,  iV.c..  and  these  are  worked  from  a  hydraulic 
pumping  plant  with   two  100-ton  accumulators. 

From  the  press  room  the  moulded  articles  pass  to  gas-fired 
furnaces,  where,  placed  in  racks,  they  are  subjected  to  a  very 
high  temperature  for  periods  up  to  24  hours,  and  emerge 
practically  fireproof. 

The  next  step  is  "  finishing,"  the  rough  fired  pieces  being 
machined,  ground,  polished,  &c.,  as  required  for  the  trade. 

The  mention  of  dies  reminds  us  that  the  company  has  a 
special  tool  shop  for  the  production  of  the  various  dies, 
moulds,  etc.,  required  in  the  works.  This  department  is 
fully  equipped  with  machine  tools,  &c.,  for  the  cutting  and 
working  of  the  steel  slabs  from  which  the  dies  are  produced  ; 
this  class  of  work  is  a  speciality  of  the  company,  which  has, 
of  course,  had  considerable  experience  both  as  a  maker  and 
user  of  dies. 

So  far  we  have  not  referred  to  the  manufacture  of  ordinary 
grade  Crystalate,  the  better  known  product  of  the  company, 
which  differs  in  process  from  that  described.  In  this  case  the 
preliminary  mixing  of  the  raw  ingredients  is  followed  by 
calendering,  four  sets  of  steam-heated  calenders  being 
employed  in  this  work  :  the  resulting  product  passes  to  a 
press  room  where  upwards  of  a  hundred  presses  are 
continually  in  use,  moulding  the  numerous  articles  for 
which  ordinary  Crystalate  is  employed.  These,  of  course, 
include  a  great  variety  of  electrical  parts,  as  well  as  billiard 
and  bagatelle  balls  from  h  in.  to  ;>  in.  in  diameter,  gramo- 
phone records,  dominoes,  bottle  stoppers,  v&c.  The  company's 
record  business  has  developed  very  much  recently,  and  con- 
siderable extensions  are  now  being  made  to  cope  with  it. 
In  the  course  of  our  visit  we  were  shown  the  depositing 
shop,  where  the  matrices  are  obtained  from  the  original  wax 
records  ;  these,  after  being  soldered  on  to  copper  plates  and 
nickelled,  form  the,  dies  for  use  in  the  Crystalate  moulding 
process,  which  snbseqnently  takes  place  in  tbe  press  shop. 


The  billiard  IiuIIh,  after  leaving;  the  prem  Hhop,  are  nub- 
jcclcf]  U)  very  high  presHure  in  enclowjcl  cylinrlrm,  and  unb- 
He(iuent!y  an'  turned  and  buffed  pr(;[)aratory  lo  jiiieking,  .fee, 
the  latter  deiMirlment  iicingprovidctl  with  a  l)<>\-mBking  plant. 

The  linishing  prcxx-SH,  of  cours*,-,  also  applies  to  orfiinary 
Crystalate  electrical  goals,  which  are  flf;rap<:d  and  bnff<^l  and 
take  a  very  high  polish  ;  in  the  ea«c  of  small  turn  (twiu.hef, 
such  as  arc  used  on  the  ("ontinent,  the  thumb  pir«e  in 
moulded  on  to  the  spindle,  and  in  the  same  way  Crystalate  in 
moulded  on  to  brass  screw  threwls,  where  thew;  are  desired. 

The  various  operations  carried  on  demand  a  ajnaiderable 
amount  of  power,  and  thfee  steam  and  three  suction-gaH 
engines,  varying  from  .'lO  to  2'tt)  H.c,  an'  in  use.  The 
works  are  lighted  electrically,  and  in  several  of  the  sbopn 
the  Cooper- Hewitt  mercury  va[K»ur  lamp  is  in  U8<-'. 

In  (lonclusion,  we  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Chius.  Davie, 
managing  director  of  the  company,  for  an  instructive  visit, 
affording  us  an  insight  into  an  industry  which,  though  of 
itself  little  known,  is  relatively  of  great  interest  U)  electrical 
engineers.  On  pages  22.'i  and  220  we  give  a  numl»cr  of 
views  of  the  workshops. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

7he  Kditorx  invite  electrical  engineers,  whether  connected  urith  the 
technical  or  the  commercial  fide  of  the  profetition  and  indv-itry, 
also  electric  trannoay  and  railway  ofHciaU,  to  keep  readert  of  tht> 
Electbical  Review  pouted  ax  to  their  morement*. 


Central  Station  Officials. — Owing  to  the  termination 
of  the  electrical  enpineer's  (Mb.  C.  E.  Savaoe)  contract, 
at  the  end  of  last  month,  temporary  arrangements  have 
been  made  by  the  Dudley  T.C.  for  the  continuation  of  his 
services  as  electrical  engineer,  giving:  not  less  than  one-half 
or  more  than  two-thirds  of  his  time,  payment  to  be  made 
at  the  rate  of  £2.")  per  month.  These  terms  are  to  be  continued 
until  the  day  of  the  transfer  of  the  undertaking  takes  place.  Mr. 
Savage  being  retained  afterwards  for  the  purpose  of  inspecting  the 
cost  and  quantities  consumed  on  the  street  lighting  contract,  and 
for  the  examination  of  the  tramway  plant  under  the  lease,  at  an 
annual  fee  of  £21. 

The  assistant  borough  electrical  engineer  of  Poplar  (Mb.  W. 
IXNES)  has  resigned  his  position  as  from  January  31st  last  in  order 
to  enter  private  business.  Asa  consequence  the  Electricity  Com- 
mittee have  decided  to  discontinue  this  oflSce  and  to  give  more 
prominence  to  the  managerial  side  of  the  department.  It  is  pro- 
posed that  there  should  be  four  departmental  oiBcers  directly  re- 
sponsible to  the  chief  engineer  and  manager,  viz.,  assistant  mantiger, 
station  engineer,  mains  engineer  and  siles  manager.  Messrs. 
Tate,  managerial  clerical  assistant,  V.  H.  CRncKSHANK,  station 
superintendent,  and  E.  R.  Ingram,  mains  superintendent,  have  been 
appointed  to  the  three  first  mentioned  positions  at  salaries  of  £250, 
rising  by  annual  increments  of  £1:.'  10s.,  to  £300  per  annum,  in  the 
case  of  F.  Tate,  and  £212  lOs.  per  annum,  rising  by  annual  incre- 
ments of  £12  lOs..  to  £300  per  annum,  in  the  case  of  the  two  other 
appointments. 

Mk.  Samuel  Williams,  late  burgh  electrical  engineer  In  Mother- 
well, has  been  appointed  to  a  similar  position  in  Wishaw.  There 
were  46  applicants  for  the  vacancy.  Mr.  S.  Williams  resigned 
the  post  of  burgh  electrical  engineer  for  Motherwell  in  May,  1911, 
since  when  he  has  been  suffering  from  acute  rheumatism  and 
unable  to  attend  to  business  of  any  kind.  We  are  glad  to  learn 
that  he  has  now  sufficiently  recovered  to  take  up  the  Wishaw 
appointment. 

The  salary  of  Mb.  J.  W.  Speight,  station  superintendent  to  the 
Leyton  undertaking,  is  to  be  increased  from  £2n0  to  the  maximum 
of  £2.">0,  by  annual  increments  of  £10. 

The  salary  of  the  deputy  borough  electrical  engineer  of  Salford 
is  to  be  advanced  by  £30  from  April  next,  in  lieu  of  £2.5  from 
April,  1914,  and  the  salary  of  the  mains  engineer  by  £30  instead 
of  £10. 

At  the  Barrow  T.C.  meeting  on  Monday,  after  some  discussion, 
the  salary  of  the  borough  electrical  engineer,  Mb.  H.  R.  BrRXETT, 
was  increased  from  £.'iOO  to  £."i.50  per  annum.  The  salary  of  Mr. 
J.  AiBEV,  chief  clerk  and  storekeeper,  was  increased  from  £12."i  to 
£135  per  annum,  with  two  further  annual  increases  of  £10  and  *■  5 
respectively  up  to  £150  per  annum.  JIi;  H.  R.  Barnwell,  works 
superintendent,  was  advanced  from  £180  to  £190,  with  a  further 
increase  of  £10  twelve  months  hence  to  a  maximum  of  £200  ;  and  Mr. 
J.  F.  Heslop,  mains  superintendent,  had  his  salary  increased  from 
*1G5  to  £180  per  annum,  with  further  increases  of  £10  per  annum 
to  a  maximum  of  £20i^. 

Todmorden  T.C.  has  now  appointed  Mb.  Jos.  Boyce.  for  13  years 
assistant  electrical  engineer  to  Darwen  Corporation,  as  chief  elec- 
trical engineer  and  manager  of  the  destructor  department.  There 
was  a  large  number  of  applicants.  Mr.  Boyce  served  six  years" 
apprenticeship  with  Messrs.  Charlesworth,  Hall  i:  Co.,  electrical 
and  general  engineers,  of  Oldham.  Subsequently  he  was  with  Mr. 
G.  St.  J.  Day,  an  electrical  engineer  in  private  prsctice  at  Oldham, 
and  Messrs.  G.  L.  Adamson  c^  Son,  of  Rochdale,  where  much 
experience  was  gained  in  the  application  of  electric  power  for 
driving  mills,  works  aj)d  njipes. 


228 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.72.  No.  i.sst,  fubeuaky  7,  leis. 


Mr.  Fred  Riley,  of  Rawteustall.  has  ileclinod  the  appointment 
■  electrical  engineer  to  tho  Todmorden  Corporation. 

Mr.  Dlsrose,  of  the  Stokeon-Trent  electricity  staflf,  has -been 
presented  by  his  colleasrues  with  a  case  of  cutlery  on  his  marriage. 

Newport  (Mon.)  Education  Committee  has  appointed  the  borough 
electrical  engineer,  Mr  A.  Nichols  Mooue,  as  teacher  of  electrical 
engineering  at  the  Technical  Institute,  in  place  of  Mr.  Whitehouse, 
who  has  resigned. 

Mr.  0.  E.  Sav.\ge,  chief  electrical  engineer  to  t^e  Dudley 
Corporation,  has  accepted  a  position  under  the  Earl  of  Dudley  at 
Baggeridge  Wood  Colliery. 

The  (ieneral  Purposes  Committee  of  Blackburn  Corporation  have 
adopted  a  ocheme  involving  an  increase  of  £1,17(^  in  the  salaries 
of  Corporation  employes,  with  further  increaset<,  when  tlie  maximum 
is  attained,  amounting  to  £1,457.  In  the  case  of  employes  other 
than  clerks,  there  is  au  advance  in  the  first  year  of  £730,  including 
the  electricity  department,  £7h  ;  tramways  department,  £.538.  The 
increase  in  the  tramways  department  includes  a  farthing  per  hour 
all  round  for  motormen,  conductors,  and  depot  employes  over  21 
years  of  age.  In  all  cases  where  holidays  with  pay  have  been  less 
than  five  days,  it  is  recommended  that  they  be  increased  to  tTjat 
number. 

Mr.  .Josi;ph  S.  Aixsworth,  who  was  chief  assistant  at  the 
electricity  works  of  the  Monmouth  Corporation,  and  in  a  similar 
position  with  theBrynamman  and  District  Electric  Light  and  Power 
Co.,  South  Wales,  has  resigned  from  the  staff  of  the  electricity 
works  of  the  Gloucester  Corporation,  so  as  to  accept  an  important 
position  in  New  Zealand  in  connection  with  a  new  water-power 
scheme.  On  behalf  of  the  staff  of  the  Gloucester  electricity  works, 
Mr.  Corson,  the  city  electrical  engineer,  presented  Mr.  Ainsworth 
with  an  oval-shaped  glass-sided  travelling  timepiece  in  leather 
case.     Mr.  Ainsworth  sails  on  February  14th. 

The  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee  of  the  York  T.C.  has 
appointed  Mr.  L.  M.  Jockell,  of  Middlesbrough,  as  fourth 
engineer-in-charge  at  the  electricity  works. 

On  the  occasion  of  his  leaving  Ilkeston  to  take  up  a  similar 
appointment  at  Bexley  Heath,  Mb.  H.  P.  Stoke.';  was  entertained 
to  dinner  on  January  22nd,  by  a  number  of  the  members  of 
the  Council  and  prominent  townspeople.  After  'the  dinner, 
and  between  items  in  the  programme,  the  Mayor  (Councillor  F.  P. 
Sudbury)  presented  Mr.  Stokes  with  a  silver  tea  urn,  and  spoke  of 
the  very  high  esteem  in  which  he  was  held,  of  the  hard  work  he 
had  done,  and  of  the  satisfactory  state  in  which  the  two  depart- 
now  were,  as  compared  with  the  time  when  he  took  over  the  manage- 
ment. At  a  meeting  of  the  employes,  the  chief  inspector  asked 
Mr.  Stokes,  on  behalf  of  the  employes,  to  accept  a  sOver  cake 
basket. 

General. — At  the  annual  social  of  Darweii  tramway 
employes  on  .January  30th,  Mu.  R.  W.  Smith  Sami.le  was 
presented  with  a  silver  rose-bowl  by  the  Corporation  tramway  staff 
upon  his  retirement  from  the  post  of  engineer  and  manager. 
Alderman  James  Tomlinson  made  the  presentation,  which  was 
given  in  recognition  of  the  cordial  relations  which  have  existed 
between  the  recipient  and  the  staff  during  the  past  12  years. 

The  Auxtniliaii  Minhiji  Standard  states  that  Mr.  C.  H.  Meez, 
before  leaving  for  England,  was  entertained  at  luncheon  by  the 
Victorian  Premier,  Mr.  Watt,  and  speeches  were  made.  Most  of 
the  members  of  the  Ministry,  several  members  of  both  Houses,  and 
t)fficers  of  the  Railway  Department,  were  present. 

We  are  officially  informed  of  the  following  changes  in  the  boards 
of  the  following  companies  :  — 

Ce.ntrtil  J.nitdau  Ba'du-aij. — Lord  Knollys,  Lord  Rathmore  and 
Mr.  Robert  Fleming  have  resigned,  and  Lord  George  Hamilton, 
Colonel  Sir  Herbert  Jekyll,  and  Mr.  A.  H.  Stanley  have  been 
appointed  in  their  places.  Mr.  A.  H.  Stanley  will  be  appointed 
managing  director  of  the  company.  Mr.  H.  F.  Parshall  ha.s  ten- 
dered his  resignation  as  a  director.  Mr.  A.  H.  Stanley  has  been 
appointed  managing  director.  Hon.  Sydney  Holland  will  be  elected 
to  fill  the  vacancy.  Lord  George  Hamilton  will  become  chairman 
of  the  board. 

Citij  and  Siiuth  London  Ilailua i/.—'^T.  J.  F.  S.  Gooday,  Mr.  S. 
Barclay  Heward  and  Mr.  Edwin  Tate  have  resigned,  and  Admiral 
Sir  Cyprian  Bridge,  Mr.  T.  C.  Jenkin  (who  has  resigned  as  general 
manager  of  the  company),  and  Mr.  A.  H.  Stanley,  have  been 
appointed  in  their  place. 

London  Electric  Baihra;/. — Lord  George  Hamilton  resigns  as 
chairman  of  the  company,  the  resignation  taking  effect  after  the 
half-year  meeting  held  last  Friday,  when  Lord  Farrer  was  appointed 
in  his  place.     Lord  Knollys  has  been  elected  to  a  seat  on  the  board. 

Messrs.  T.  L.  Miller,  H.  W.  Wilson,  and  H.  V.  Pegg  (Miller, 
Wilson  A:  Pegg.  consulting  mechanical  and  electrical  engineers, 
Liverpool  and  Belfast)  have  dissolved  partnership.  Mr,  T.  L. 
Miller  will  attend  to  debts  at  Tower  Buildings.  Water  Street, 
Liverpool. 

Congratulations  to  Past-President  Db.  Ziani  de  Ferkanti  and 
Mrs.  Ferranti  on  the  birth  of  a  daughter  on  January  29tb,  at 
Baslow.  Derbyshire. 

Mu.  K.  J.  Arnold,  until  recently  fittings  department  manager 
for  the  General  Electric  Co.  in  Liverpool,  has  severed  his  con- 
iiection  with  the  company,  in  order  to  start  in  business  upon  his 
own  account  in  partnership  with  Mr.  I.  E.  PoYsiiR,  as  the  Liver- 
pool Fittin;.^  Co.,  at  r>'>,  Renshaw  Street.  Liverpool. 

The  Limes  says  that  Sir  IIe.sbv  Xobman  has  been  elected  an 
Associate  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers. 

The  wedding  took  place  at  St.  John  s  Church,  Blackpool,  on 
January  30th,  of  Mr.  C.  G.  Nick.-^ox,  an  electrical  engineer,  younger 
son  of  the  late  Aid.  John  Xickson  and  Miss  Ethel  Eyre. 

Me.  W.  C.  Jeaby,  the  general  manager  of  the  Magic  Appliances, 
Ltd.,  has  been  elected  to  a  seat  on  the  board. 


Mu.  Geo.  H.  Gtton  having  secured  an  appointment  with  Messrs. 
J.  M.  Doughty  i:  Son,  Ltd.,  of  Clerkenwell,  is  resigning  his  position 
with  Messrs.  D,  H,  Bonnella  A:  Son,  for  whom  he  has  aoted  as 
London  representative. 

Mb.  Ai.vix  E.  Loe,  who  has  been  manager  of  the  General  Electric 
Co."s  Telephone  Department  (Glasgow  Branch)  for  several  years,  has 
resigned  his  position.  Mr.  Loe  will  continue  to  place  his  ppecialised 
knowledge  on  telephony  and  allied  subjects  at  the  service  of  his 
friends  at  (for  the  present)  43,  Apsley  Street,  Partick,  W.  Glasgow. 

Obituary.— The    Eaul    oi-    Crawford. — We    deeply 

regret  to  record  the  death,  which  occurred  on  January  31st  at 
Cavendish  Square,  London,  of  the  Earl  of  Crawford  and  Balcarres, 
Kt.,  F.R.S.,  at  the  age  of  66  years.  On  Tuesday  a  memorial  service 
was  held  at  the  Chapel  Royal,  St.  James',  on  Tuesday,  4th  inst., 
when  the  Institotion  of  Electrical  Engineers  was  represented  by 
Mr.  Walter  Judd  (vice-president),  Mr.  Robert  Hammond  (honorary 
treasurer)  and  I\lr.  P.  F.  Rowell  (secretary).  The  late  Earl,  who 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Institution,  was,  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  the  oldest  surviving  officer  of  the  Institution,  having  been, 
as  Lord  Lindsay,  the  first  vice-i)resident  of  the  Institution,  holding 
that  office  for  three  years — 1^72-3-4— during  the  presidencies  of 
Sir  William  Siemens,  Frank  Ives  Scudamore  and  Sir  William 
Thomson.  On  the  occasion  of  the  special  meeting  of  members  of 
the  Institution  on  June  3(ith,  1908,  when  the  purchase  of  the 
present  home  of  the  Institution  was  sanctioned,  the  following  letter 
from  the  deceased  Peer  was  read  to  the  members  : — 

I  regret  that  I  shall  not  be  able  to  attend  the  meeting  called  for  the  30lb.  I 
must,  however,  write  a  line  of  congratulation  to  the  InstitutioD  on  their 
acquisition  of  bo  fine  a  home,  especially  when  I  think  of  the  llist  thouRhts  of 
its  formation  in  my  old  laboratory  in  a  mews  behind  Green  Street,  Park  Lano, 
all  now  swept  away,  and  of  the  first  soiree  which  was  hold  in  my  laboratory  in 
Greek  Street,  Soho.  I  believe  that  now  I  am  the  senior  surviving  officer  of 
the  Society,  as  I  was  Vice-President  to  Sir  William  Thomson  <one  of  oar  first 
Presidents),  and  as  euch  I  olTer  my  congratulations. — Very  faithfully  yuurs, 

CHAWFoan. 

The  February  number  of  the  Faraday  LLoiise  Journal,  which  has 
been  issued  this  week,  contains  an  article  on  the  deceased  peer, 
from  which  we  gather  that  he  had  been  closely  associated  with 
Faraday  House  for  the  last  23  years.  It  is  stated  that  as  far  back 
as  1809,  Lord  Lindsay  (as  he  was  then  called)  had  an  electrical 
laboratory  in  Eaton  Place,  where  he  continued  many  of  Faraday's 
researches.  "  Some  of  his  original  apparatus  is  still  in  everyday 
use  in  the  laboratories  at  Faraday  House.  It  was  at  Eaton  Place 
that  in  the  first  inception  of  the  Society  of  Telegraph  Engineers  was 
made,  a  society  which  is  now  called  the  Institution  of  Electrical 
Engineers.  Lord  Crawford  has  told  how  he  and  Cromwell  and 
Alfred  Varley  first  discussed  the  project,  and  how  anxious  they  were 
that  Prof.  Sir  William  Thomson  (Lord  Kelvin)  should  be  their  first 
President.  ...  In  1878  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal 
Society,  and  became  for  the  first  time  President  of  the  Royal 
Astronomical  Society — a  post  which  he  filled  with  great  distinction. 
In  the  same  year  (1878),  he  and  Lord  Rayleigh  were  elected 
Honorary  Members  of  the  Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers." 
For  very  many  years,  and  until  the  time  of  his  death,  he  was 
closely  identified  with  the  London  Electric  Supply  Corporation, 
Ltd.,  as  chairman,  but  he  was  constantly  engaged  in  a  battle  against 
ill-health. 

Dr.  (iusTAF  DE  Laval. — We  regret  to  record  the  death  which 
occurred  at  Stockholm  last  Sunday  of  Dr.  G.  de  Laval,  the 
inventor  in  1889  of  the  well-known  high-speed  turbine  which 
bears  his  name,  and  which  may  be  described  as  laying  the 
foundation  of  the  impulse  part  of  the  modern  turbine  which  is  a 
combination  of  the  inventions  of  de  Laval  and  Parsons.  The 
de  Laval  turbine  is  used  for  small  and  moderate  powers  in  various 
electrical  and  other  works  abroad,  and  for  a  number  of  private 
works  installationB  in  this  country.  The  English  rights  were  held 
by  Messrs.  (Jreenwood  A:  Batley,  Ltd.,  of  Leeds,  whose  works 
installation  comprised  a  number  of  these  turbines.  The  deceased 
gentleman  was  67  years  of  age. 

Mr.  Thos.  Blane  passed  away,  on  January  30th,  at  his  residence 
at  Blackpool,  at  the  age  of  62  years.  Deceased  was  chairman  of 
Blackpool,  St.  Anncs  and  Lytham  Tramways  Co..  and  a  director  of 
other  concerns. 

A  correspondent  says  that  much  regret  was  felt  in  Newport 
(Fife)  at  the  death  in  Winnipeg,  of  a  well-known  native.  Mb. 
David  C.  Jack,  an  electrical  engineer  and  a  partner  in  the  Hub 
Welding  Co.,  Winnipeg.     Mr.  Jack  was  only  30  years  of  age. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Portable  Electric  Light  Co.,  Ltd.  C126,7X2).— This  company 

was  registered  on  Januar>  27th.  with  a  capital  of  £10,000  in  £1  shares,  to  carry 
on  the  business  of  dealers  in  electrical  and  mechanical  novelties,  4c.  The 
subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are:— M.Gocdfellow,  fi,  Shaftesbury  Avenue, 
New  Barnet,  secretary;  A.  Herrmann.  .19,  Norfolk  Avenue,  Stamford  Hill,  N.. 
clerk.  Privato  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two 
or  more  than  live  :  the  subscrihors  are  to  appoint  the  first.  Bolicitors  J- and 
M.  Solomon,. V,  Finsbury  Pavement,  E.G.  Registered ofBrp.  140,  Shaftesbury 
Avenue,  London 

Baldiir  Engineerinf,'  and  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  (126.901).— This 

company  was  registered  on  February  let,  with  a  capital  of  £6,600  in  £1  shares 
(3,000  preference),  to  carry  on  the  business  ol  gas,  electrical  and  mechanical 
engineers,  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  ^as  and  electrical  fittings,  aoccs- 
Bories,  conveniences  and  apparatus,  &c.  The  subscribers  (with  one  sharp 
each)  are:— G.  A.  Hattiii,  61,  Morland  Buildings,  Earl  Street,  Westminster, 
clerk;  A.  Q.  Ferris,  104,  Torrian's  Avenue,  Camden  Road,  N.W.,  clerk. 
Private  company.  Tho  number  of  dircclorb  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more 
than  Ave ;  the  first  are  J.  T.  Grein  (chairman)  and  H.  C.  Cayley  (both  per- 
manent); quaUflcatioO,  600  shares;  remuneration  of  chairman,  £60  pet 
annum.    Regiitered  by  Strong  A  Co.,  70,  OraccchurchiBlreet,  E.C. 


Vol.72.  Nu.  1,8)7, 1'Ki.urARv  7,  i«i;..!     THI',    ELMCTRICAFi    KKVII'lVV. 


221< 


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M  tOKlHliireil  oil  Jniiimry  <J7tli,  wllli  n  oitiiltttl  o(  £1,000  In  i'l  Hlmrm,  tn  tkkii 
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,eh)ari'  -  R.  K.  Ilitiirn,  Noiliortoii,  Tlio  l)ownn,  Wlnilil.  .Ic.ti,  miKiniinr  ;  K.  K. 
B»rn,  NctliKitoii,  'I'lin  Dowim,  Wimbledon,  KonHiiiMiin.  Prlviiti<  i-ompany, 
He  Mrnt  illrpolom  arr  H.  K  Honrn  and  K.  F.  Hoarn  (both  pornianant) 
41oil"r»  Htanlny  lOvann  4  Co.,  'JO'ja,  TbooliaUU  Hoad,  W  C.  RriKlHtornd 
Ire,  ^ll-^,  KInK  Btrool,  HaniRioiKinitli. 

Prltclinnl,  Foxcroft  &  Co.,   Ltd.   (l2ti,«;tH).— ThiH  company 

tR  rccl-itered  on  January  Udtli,  with  aiMipilal  of  £1,000  In  £1  Hlianm  (600  iopor 

iiilativi)  HliaroH),    to  lairy  on  tlip  biinlnoH»  of  olnctricul,  tcU^Krapli  and 

inKinrcm,  uclontillc  and  ojitlcal  cann  makprK.  chi^trli'luim,  ailvor 

itH,  maniifaotiirera  of  kinnnatoRrnph  tllniH  anil  apiiaratun,  *o.     Tlio 

I.    (with  (inn   dharo    tiaoh)  an:-    H.    Priloliurd,    KniprnKK    Workd, 

laclili  wkII  l,ani<,  I)al«ton,  N.K.,  onKinoor ;    B.  H.  QuttcnborK,  110,  (IrOHvonor 

)»d,  Cannnlmiy,  N.,  jowollor.      Private  company.      Tho  number  of  dlri^rtorH 

not  to  ha  limn  than  two  or  moro  thun  live;    the  flrHt  aro  H.  I'rilohaid  and 

11.  lluitunburK  (both   pormnnenl).      Registered    offlco,    Kinpreaa    Workg, 

lacklcwell  Lane,  Dalaton,  N.G. 

flerosr,    Ltd.    (12f).852).  —  This    company    was    rociBtered    on 

null,  Willi  II  oapital  of  £3,000  in  Is.  sharcH,  to  carry  on  tho  businoas 

lans,  cnKlniirs,  suppliers  of  eleotrioity,  miiniifaiturorH  of  and  doalora 

md  tinieregiatcrinK  and  Automatic  machines  and  appliances,  /ic.  Tho 

r-(witli  Olio   share   each)   aro  :— K.  H.  Campion,  B.  A.,  !iy,  Old  Hi  oad 

rcct,  1-1.( '.,  solicitor  ;  K.  R.  Bainos,  Oroen  Street  Gioen,  Orpington,  accountant. 

Ivatc  company.       Tho   number  of   directors   is  not   to  bo   leen   than  tlnoo 

more  than  seven;  tho  Bubsciibei's  are  to  appoint  tho  lirst;    no  iguallllcation 

iiuired:  remuneration  acooiflini?  to  profits.      Registered  by  H.  U.  Campion 

d  Co.,  2:),  Old  Broad  Street,  E.G.  (soIioltorR). 

Periianibiico  Tramways   and   Power  Co.,  Ltd.  (I2fi,73l). — 

■gistered  January  21th,  by  Norton,  Rose,  Harrington  &  Co.,  67*,  Old  Broad 
roet,  E.G.  Capital  £l,0(l'0.0(K)  in  i'l  shares  (40n,000  preference).  Olijeots : 
1  acquire  or  construct,  develop  and  extend  any  tramways,  railways,  or  light 
ilways,  to  equip,  work,  and  maintain  the  same  with  electrical,  steam, 
imal,  or  other  power,  Ac.  'L'he  BiRnatoriea  (with  one  share)  are  : — E.  T. 
aahington,  100,  Westmount  Road,  Eltham,  Kent,  clerk;  J.  A.  J.  Scott,  R'i, 
aring  Road,  K.W.,  clerk  ;  H.  L.  Hamlvn,  80,  Bestrevor  Road,  Fulham,  8.W., 
!rk ;  H.  Harper,  1(1,  Penerley  Road,  Catford,  B.E.,  accountant ;  F.  H. 
ethurst,  !•<,  Egorton  Gardens,  Hendon,  N.W.,  buyer;  0.  M.  Plumptre,  B8, 
iderhill  Road,  East  Dulwich,  8.E.,  clerk;  M.  P.  Howell,  15,  Cuiverden 
>ad,  Balham,  8.W.,  registrar.  Minimum  cash  subscription,  seven  shares. 
le  first  directors  (to  be  not  less  than  three  or  more  than  seven)  are  Eugenie 
idsworth,  Rio  de  Janeiro  ;  Follett  Holt,  fi,  Sussex  Sciuare,  W. ;  Eugenie  Q. 
Iho,  Peruambuoo ;  H.  K.  Heyland,  Hi,  Gresham  House,  E.G.;  \Vm. 
ggins,  Glenafton,  Wimbledon,  8.W. ;  Sidney  Jones,  Paris  ;  and  Henri 
»rochal.  No  iiualiflcation  required  for  first  directors ;  qoalifioation  of 
bsequent  directors,  £1,000;  remuneration,  £1,300  per  annum,  divisible. 

Roberts  Bros.  &  Holloway,  Ltd.  (l2G,7Kf.).— This  company 

,9  registered  on  January  27tb,  witii  a  capital  of  £1,500  in  £1  shares,  to 
(Uire  the  business  of  electrical  engineers  carried  on  as  "Roberts  Bros." 
Bradford,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  Mary  Agnes  Roberts  and  A. 
ibert«.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are:— Mrs,  M.  A.  Roberts, 
agg  Cottage,  Rawdon ;  A.  Roberts,  Cragg  Cottage,  Rawdon,  electrical 
gineer ;  E.  R.  Holloway,  145,  Bradford  Road,  F5izinghall,  Bradford,  elec- 
oal  engineer ;  G.  K.  Holloway,  145,  Bradford  Road,  Frizinghall,  Bradford, 
shier,  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  tlian  two 
more  than  Ave  ;  the  first  are  A.  Roberts  and  E.  R,  Holloway  ;  qualification, 
)  shares.  Registered  office.  3,  Nutter  Place,  North  Parade,  Bradford, 
lioitor,  H.  H.  Duncan,  U,  Piccadilly,  Bradford. 

Price  Adjustable  Reamer,   Ltd.   (126,783).  -This   company 

is  registered  on  January  27lli,  with  a  capital  of  £1,000  in  £1  shares,  to  take 
Br  a  patent  for  improvements  in  adj  ustable  reamers,  taps  and  tho  1  ike,  to  carry 
tbe  business  of  mechanical,  electrical,  motor  and  general  engineers,  manu- 
iturers  of  and  dealers  in  cycles  and  motors,  &o.,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement 
th  F.  Price.  The  subscribers  (with  10  shares  each)  are  :— W.  Williamson, 
omwcll  House,  Earlsdon  Avenue,  Coventry,  manufacturer  ;  E.  L.  Roberts, 
Go.-;ford  Street,  Coventry,  cycle  engineer.  Private  company.  The  number 
directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  five;  the  first  are  F.  E. 
ice,  W.  Williamson  and  E.  L.  Roberts;  qualification,  £10,  Registered  by 
rdan  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  116-117,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 


OFFICIAL    RETURNS    OF    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


Brown,  Boveri  &  Co.,   Ltd.  (8',),167).  —  Ciipita!,   £50,000  in 

shares  (1,.')00  "A"  and  8,500  "B").  Return  dated  December  lith,  1912 
ed  December  I7th).  All  shares  taken  up,  15s.  per  share  called  np  on  8,500 
3,"  £i;,375  paid,  £7,500  considered  as  paid  on  £1,500  "A."  Mortgages 
d  charges  :  Nil. 

South  London  Electric   Supply  Corporation,   Ltd.— Issue 

January  21st,  1913,  of  £1,400  debentures  (sold  to  brokers  at  99  per  cent.), 
rt  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have  already  been  tiled. 

Electrical  Installations,  Ltd. — A  memorandum  of  satisfaction 

the  extent  of  £200  on  January  16tli,19l3,  of  debentures  dated  December  5th, 
16,  securing  £2,0'0,  has  been  filed. 

Blackpool  and  Garstang  Electric  Light  Railway  Co.,  Ltd. 

,150).— Capital,  £10,000  in  £6  shares  ;  return  dated  January  llth,  1913  (filed 
ne  date) ;  :161  shares  taken  up ;  £4  per  share  called  up  ;  11,707  paid  (including 
23  received  on  application  for  further  shares  not  allotted) ,  £1)0  remains  in 
■ears.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 

Isaacson  &   Brown,   Ltd. — Particulars  of    £800  debentures. 

sated  January  23rd,  1913  ;  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies' 
jnsolidation)  Act,  1908,  the  whole  amount  being  now  issued.  Property 
arged :  The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and  future, 
'ludin^  uncalled  capita).    No  trustees. 

Oriental  Telephone  and  Electric  Co.,  Ltd,     .\  memorandum 

satisfaction  to  the  extent  of  £1,450,  on  January  22nd,  1913,  of  trust  deed 
ted  June  28lh,  1905,  and  supplemental  deed  oi  acknowledgement  dated 
ne  12th,  1007,  securing  £200.000. 


CITY    NOTES. 


lorksliire  Electric  Power  <o. 

Tin:  diroctOFH  rcpurt  for  Ihn  y«ftr  omUng  VvJ'.mbt-r  M»t  1912,  V. 
bo  Hubmittt'd  at  thr  Imlf-yrarly  imietinK' ot  LeetU  on  Febroary  l*<th, 
HtatuH  that  tho  ktohh  profit  on  Ibn  rnvuniin  account  for  the  khrw 
ycarH  cndinif  Decern biT  31  at,  wna  oh  followa  :  15(12,  «IL',7I0;  ll>ll, 
£lL',.';72  .  I'JJO,  £ll,:iOs.  The  net  profit,  after  |m.i,.M.;  nt  mort- 
KaKcint(rr<'Ht  for  the  Hitinc  pitrio  Im,  waH  .       i;7,.u;i  •■  r.O'.l. 

The  acc»niiiUt<Ml   protitn   up   to  th<i  end  of   11)11  :oin 

pany  to  writt^  off  iidminiHtration  and  duvelopmont  ,    ,  _    jont- 

inj,'  to  £11,017,  and  to  pay  tho  dividend  due  on  thn  cumulstire 
preference  MhartH,  kuvini;  .i  balance  to  corry  forward  of  £330, 
which,  added  to  tho  profit  for  the  yvnr  11)12  of  £7,;»«1,  (five*  a  tot*l 
of  £7,ti91  ;  and,  dcductini;  thn  dividend  paid  on  the  preference 
shares  to  .lunc  :tOth,  1'.)I2,  of  i:2,.32:H,  leaves  a  diHpn-nM.-  fmlnncc  of 
£r,,3r.K.     The  dircct(jrH  recommend  thiit  th<;  balaii^  dealt 

with  as  follows  :     Dividend  for  the  half-year  end;  Hut. 

1 !)  12,  at  the  rate  of  li  per  cent,  per  anniim   on  tti.  •    pre- 

ference sharcH,  £2,M0:i  ;  write  off  the  Kpecial  cxiKjiidilurt  during 
1911  in  connection  with  i,'cneratin(;  plant,  £  I, 'J_' I.  carry  int' forward 
£t)4r).  The  Hiipply  for  power  and  lijrht  waH  fully  iiiaiataincd 
throu(?hout  the  coal  strike,  thontrh  the  additional  cost  to  the  company 
was  very  considerable.  That  strike,  and  the  partial  breakdown  of  plant 
last  .July,  referred  to  in  the  last  half-yearly  report,  have  (rreatly 
retarcled  the  prouress  of  the  company  and  affected  its  profit*  by 
delaying  connections  to  the  premises  of  new  consumers  from  whom 
important  increases  of  revenue  would  have  accrued  in  the  second 
half  of  11»12.  Considerable  additions  have  been  mixie  to  the 
peneratinfj  plant  at  Thornhill  to  meet  the  normal  increase  of 
business,  and  that  which  is  expected  from  aprreements  already  made 
and  others  in  process  of  neffotiation.  Daring-  the  year  there  has 
been  considerable  capital  expenditure  on  the  exten.sion  of  the 
distributive  system,  and  the  company  is  now  jrivinir  a  supply  over 
a  large  area  in  the  West  Ridinp.  There  has  asrain  been  an  increase 
in  the  amount  paid  for  rates,  and  the  company  is  now  psiyinfr  these 
in  ."i6  parishes  and  townships.  In  accordance  with  the  resolution 
passed  at  an  extraordinary  meeting  held  on  September  17th  last, 
an  issue  of  .■i:,5(»,0o0  6  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  shares  has 
been  offered  to  shareholders,  and  up  to  the  end  of  l'.il2  applications 
had  been  received  for  £20,.53.5  of  this  capital.  On  May  20th,  l'.»I2, 
the  Yorkshire  Wast*  Heat  Co.,  Ltd.,  was  incorporated  under  the 
Companies'  CConsolidation)  Act,  l!t08.  A  generating  station  is  now 
being  erected  at  Barugh,  near  Barnsley,  and  to  construct  this 
station  an  issue  of  £25,000  of  oj  per  cent,  first  mortgage  debenture 
stock  was  in  November  offered  to  the  shareholders  of  the  Power 
Co.  Of  this  issue  £10, -160  has  been  applied  for  up  to  December 
31st  last.  The  directors  anticipate  that  the  whole  of  both  issues 
will  shortly  be  taken  up. 


Company  Registrations  in   1»12.— In  the  course  of 

its  usual  annual  review,  the  Iin-fx/orx'  Guardian,  gives  the  follow- 
ing among  its  other  statistical  returns  :   - 

English  registrations.  1910.  1911.  1912. 

No.  of  companies  . . 

Electric 

Bngineering  and  hardware 

Gas 

Motor,  cycle  and  carriage 

Oil 

Railways  and  tramways 

Rubber         . .        : 


1910. 

6,707 
2,408,457 
.5,889,442 
l,0i:j,362 

.^.29;^,050 

:t4,302,;t37 

9,9!;2,«(;o 

44,04ti,04,-> 


5,960  7,095 

.^,166,645  7:379,7ffl 

8,424,402  8,,S8,i,757 

838,125  407,900 

2,721,345  7,25!)  879 

15.860,820  23,533,182 

5,186.85.-.  3,164,200 

9,4.58,775  3,209,96.5 


Torqi 


Briti,sli  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.— The 

rectors  have  declared  a  dividend  on  the  6  per  cent,  cumulative 
aference  shares  to  December  Slat. 


luay  Electric  Traiuwajs  Co..  Ltd. — The  annual 

report  for  1912  gives  the  following  figures  : — Traflftc  revenue, 
£28,112,  as  against  £22,»135  in  1911;  advertising,  £278;  total 
receipts,  £2i><,43s  ;  expenditure,  £17,008  ;  profit  balance,  £11,7.")5; 
passengers  carried,  1,207,619,  compared  with  3,5'.U,:U7  in 
1911  ;  car-miles,  626,478,  last  year  494.468  :  receipts  per  car- 
mile,  10'77d. ;  1911,  10'99d.  :  receipts  per  passenger,  l'60d.  : 
1911,  rsid.  :  energy  per  car-rnile,  r97d.  ;  1911,  2"41d.  After 
paying  debenture  interest  and  providing  for  sinking  fund 
for  prior  lien  debentures,  there  is  a  balance,  with  a 
"carryforward"  of  £883  from  1911,  of  £.'>,98S.  A  dividend  of 
:>  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares  will  absorb  £3,.")99  ;  £1,.')00  will 
be  allocated  to  the  reserve  and  renewals  fund,  and  £37  will  be 
carried  forward.  The  year's  profit  is  £2.860  in  excess  of  that  for 
1911.  Considering  the  wet  weather  which  prevailed  last  year,  the 
result  is  regarded  as  satisfactory.  Mr.  W.  B.  Cownie,  who  has  been 
a  director  since  the  formation  of  the  company,  has  been  appointed 
managing  director.  The  annual  meeting  was  held  in  London  on 
Wednesday. 

Consolidated  Diesel  Eon-ine  Manufacturers,  Ltd. — 

In  a  report  dealing  with  the  progress  made  by  the  company  since 
its  incorporation,  the  director:-  state  that  many  imjjortant  con- 
tracts have  been  booked,  both  by  the  company  and  its  associate?". 
Messrs.  I'sines  Carels  Frrr^s.  The  construction  of  the  Ipswich 
works  has  not  progressed  as  fast  as  was  anticipated,  owing  t»> 
various  obstacles  having  to  be  overcome  during  the  preliminary 
stages.  The  activity  in  the  steel  trade  has  caused  a  certain  delay 
in  the  delivery  of  material,  but  the  contracts  for  steel  work  were 
placed  before  the  present  intiatoil  prices  came  into  operation.  The 
greater  part  of  the  foundations  for  the  buildings  is  completed,  and 
the  structural  work  is  in  course  of  erection.  One  section  of  the 
shops  will  be  built  first,  and  as  soon  as  this  is  ready  a  number  of 
the  staff  will  be  transferred  to  Ipswich  to  carry  on  the  preliminary 
work  upon  which  they  are  now  en^a^ed  either  in  London  or 
Qhent. — Financial  Kew*. 


230 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW^    [voi.  72.  No.  1,837,  fkbbuary  7,  1913. 


Lanarkshire  Tranmajs  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  meeting  of  the  f)iareholders  of  the  above  company  was  held 
on  Tuesday  at  the  ottices,  S3,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.G.,  Mr,  A.  R. 
Monks  pretidinp. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposinsr  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electiucal  Rkmew,  page  147),  said  that  the  capital  expenditure 
for  the  half-year  had  only  amounted  to  £726,  which  had  been  met 
to  the  extent  of  £500  by  the  issue  of  further  debentures.  The 
traffic  receipts  showed  an  increase  for  the  first  half  of  the  year  of 
£5f)S,  and  for  the  second  half  an  increase  of  £1,8!U,  a  total  of 
£2,-l.")ii.  The  receipts  for  the  first  half  of  the  year  were  largely 
affected  by  the  coal  strike,  and  they  estimated  that  but  for  the 
strike  they  would  have  shown  a  further  increase  of  about  £2,500. 
Advertising  and  other  sundry  revenue  items  were  a  few  pounds  in 
excess  of  the  previous  year,  which  gave  them  a  net  gain  in  the 
gross  revenue  of  £2,462.  Taking  the  expenses,  the  power  costs 
showed  an  increase  of  £177,  all  of  which  was  due  to  higher  prices 
ruling  for  coal.  Traction  expenses  were  £2,287  more  than  for 
the  previous  year,  nearly  £2,000  of  which  was  due  to  increased 
maintenance  charges  for  permanent  way  and  electrical  equipment 
of  line.  The  net  increase  in  expenses  was  £-l,0(i2,  so  that  the  gross 
profits  were  £l,ti00  less  than  for  the  year  1911.  This  was  offset  to 
the  extent  of  nearly  £1,200  by  the  reduction  of  their  payments  to 
local  authorities.  For  1911  the  payments  amounted  to  £2,892 
(this  was  on  a  6  per  cent,  dividend  basis),  but  as  they  could  only 
pay  5|  percent,  for  1912,  their  payments  were  reduced  to  £1,704. 
The  expenses  in  connection  with  the  Act  promoted  by  the  Lanark 
County  Council  amounted  to  £818.  They  had  written  this  amount 
off,  also  £  137  for  repair  shop  equipment,  loose  tools,  &c.  £9.500 
had  been  transferred  to  reserve  for  depreciation;  making,  with 
interest,  a  total  addition  for  the  year  of  .£  11,1 18,  increasing  the 
reserve  to  £t)3,2t'>3.  The  balance  of  profit  available  allowed  for 
payment  of  a  <'i  per  cent,  dividend  for  the  half-year,  making  5'i 
per  cent,  for  the  full  year,  and  after  reserving  £307  for 
additional  remuneration  to  the  directors,  they  had  £1,577  to 
carry  forward  to  the  current  year.  Having  in  mind  the  adverse 
effects  of  the  coal  strike,  he  thought  they  would  agree  that  the 
results  for  the  year  were  very  satisfactory.  They  had  invested 
during  the  year  £4,987  in  trustee  securities,  making  a  total  invest- 
ment to  date  of  £21,134.  The  two  matters  in  dispute  with  the  Lanark 
County  Council,  namely,  the  utilising  of  money  paid  by  the  com- 
pany tor  road  widenings  in  building  the  new  road  known  as  Corona- 
tion Road,  New  Stevenston,  and  the  application  for  Parliamentary 
powers  for  the  immediate  purchase  of  their  undertaking,  had  been 
satisfactorily  disposed  of  during  the  year.  The  County  Council  had 
been  granted  powers  to  construct  the  uncompleted  lines  authorised 
by  their  1 903  order.  By  an  agreement  between  the  County  Council 
and  the  company,  these  new  lines  would  be  proceeded  with  shortly, 
and  would  be  leased  to  the  company  on  the  terms  of  their  paying  to 
the  County  Council  the  interest  charge  on  the  amount  expended  on 
the  construction.  Under  the  agreement,  the  Council,  with  the 
other  local  authorities  interested,  had  an  option  to  purchase  the 
undertaking  at  any  time  before  1928  at  a  price  to  be  agreed  upon 
between  the  local  authorities  and  the  company.  If  the  local 
authorities  did  not  buy  them  out  within  two  years  from  the  date  of 
the  opening  for  public  traffic  of  the  new  lines,  they  were  to  purchase 
from  the  County  Council  the  new  lines  at  the  cost  price.  No  way- 
leave  would  be  payable  in  respect  of  the  new  lines  during  the  first 
two  years  of  their  operation.  To  meet  the  traffic  on  the  extensions, 
they  were  ordering  12  additional  cars  and  had  also  to  extend  their 
car-sheds,  repair  shops,  &c.  The  directors  had  also  decided  to  run 
motor-omnibuses,  and  services  would  be  inaugurated  in  the  near 
future. 

Mb.  G.   Franklin   seconded  the  motion,   and  the   report  was 
adopted. 

Metropolitan  District  Railway  Co. 

The  ordinary  general  meeting  was  held  on  Friday  last  at  the 
Westminster  Palace  Hotel,  London,  under  the  presidency  of  Lord 
George  Hamilton. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  168),  said  that  the  six  months  under 
review  showed  progress  and  some  expansion  of  traffic,  but  the 
profits  upon  the  expansion  were  to  a  considerable  extent  neutralised 
by  the  rise  in  the  prices  of  certain  articles,  notably  in  that  of  coal. 
The  amount  expended  on  capital  for  the  half-year  was  £25,000. 
The  estimate  of  further  capital  expenditure  was  £205,000,  and 
included  the  following  provisions  :— New  rolling  stock — 30  addi- 
tional cars,  £67,000  ;  extension  to  Charing  Cross  sub-station, 
including  additional  converters,  £10,400;  additional  converters  in 
Victoria,  Earls  Court,  Ravenscourt  Park,  Acton  Town  and  Hounslow 
Bub-Btations,  £10,000;  flying  junction  at  Earl's  Court,  £62,000; 
and  electrification  of  section  of  District  Railway  between  West 
Kensington  Junction  and  EarVs  Court  Junction,  £4,000.  The  gross 
receipts  amounted  to  £346,655,  being  an  increase  of  £23,840,  or 
7'39  per  cent,  over  the  receipts  for  the  corresponding  half-year. 
The  passenger  receipts  amounted  to  £327,236,  an  increase  of 
£26,611.  or  8'85  per  cent.,  while  the  average  receipt  per  passenger 
was  r82d.,  or  an  increase  of  O'Old.  compared  with  the  corres- 
ponding period.  The  expenditure  for  electric  train  working 
amounted  to  £66,806,  as  compared  with  £78,540  in  the  corres- 
ponding half-year,  being  a  difference  of  some  £11,700.  The  total 
expenditure  for  the  half-year  was  £166,200,  as  against  £1.52,600 
for  the  six  months  of  the  corresponding  last  half-year,  showing  an 
excRss  of  £13,61)0;  £i',,(j00  of  which  was  the  extra  cost  of  train 
working,  due  principally  to  the  increased  cost  of  coal.  They  con- 
sumed about  3,000  tons  of  coal  per  week,  and  the  rise  of  a  few 
Bhillinjr*  in  the  price  per  ton  caused  a  subetantiftl  increase  in  this 


item  of  their  expenditure.  The  price  of  coal  materially  affected 
their  working  expenses,  and  he  was  afraid  there  was  every  indie*, 
tion  that  during  the  current  year  the  price  of  coal  would  continue 
to  be  high.  The  car-mileage  had  increased  by  403,058,  or  5  20  per 
cent.,  notwithstanding  which  the  passenger  receipts  per  car-mile 
were  9'62.5d.,  or  an  increase  of  0  323d.  over  the  corre.«ponding  period. 
The  percentage  of  operating  expenses  to  gross  earnings  was  4  3  per 
cent.,  compared  with  4r94  per  cent,  for  the  correspunding  period. 
The  same  sum  had  been  reserved  for  renewals,  namely,  £10,00u,  i 
for  the  corresponding  period  of  last  year.  The  balance  available 
for  the  dividend  was  £85,694,  which  was  practically  the  same  m 
that  available  for  a  similar  purpose  last  year.  This  balance  th^ 
proposed  to  distribute  as  follows  :  -  On  the  4  per  cent,  guaranteed 
stock  at  the  rate  of  £4  per  cent,  per  annum,  £28,714  ;  on  the  firrt 
preference  stock  at  the  rate  of  £4  10s.  per  cent,  per  annum, 
£33,750  ;  and  on  the  5  per  cent,  second  preference  stock  at  the  rate 
of  £2  per  cent,  per  annum,  £14,700.  This  would  leave  a  balance 
of  £8,528  to  carry  forward.  The  accounts  would  have  permitted  a 
slight  increase  in  the  dividend  on  the  second  preference  stock,  but 
the  directors  were  of  opinion  that  it  was  preferable  that  no  increat- 
to  their  dividends  should  be  made  this  half-year,  but  that  th( 
carry-forward  to  the  current  year  should  be  increased.  There  were 
two  Bills  referred  to  in  the  report,  one  by  their  company,  and 
the  other  by  the  Wimbledon  and  Sutton  Railway  Co.  The  first  one 
provided  for  the  widening  of  their  Fulham  extension  railway,  consist 
ing  in  the  provision  of  two  additional  lines  of  track  for  a  distance  oi 
about  three-quarters  of  a  mile,  and  of  two  island  platforms  at  Parson'i 
Green  allowing  of  the  passing  of  slow  and  fast  trains,  which 
extension  when  constructed  would  improve  the  train  working  cm 
this  branch.  The  Bill  also  authorised  the  Metropolitan  Co.  and 
their  company  to  lengthen  the  platforms  of  the  Aldgate  East 
Station  on  the  City  lines  so  as  to  allow  of  the  running  of  longa 
trains,  the  Aldgate  East  platforms  being  at  the  present  time  tlK 
shortest  on  the  railway.  The  important  part  of  the  Bill  was  in 
connection  with  the  Wimbledon  and  Sutton  Railway.  They  woaU 
remember  that  this  railway  was  authorised  by  Act  of  Parliament  ii 
1910,  but  no  portion  of  the  railway  had  been  constructed.  Tlu 
directors  were  of  the  opinion  that  this  railway  would  serve  a  veij 
desirable  residential  district  close  to  London,  and  that  a  throtigl 
service  of  trains  direct  from  the  City  to  Sutton  would  be  the  meuti 
of  rapidly  developing  the  latter  district,  and  ultimately  be  to  thi 
advantage  of  the  District  Railway.  The  Bill  took  powers  a 
behalf  of  the  Wimbledon  and  Sutton  Co.  for  an  extension  of  timi 
for  the  purchase  of  lands  and  the  construction  of  the  railway,  ai 
well  as  for  additional  capital  and  borrowing  powers.  Certaii 
changes  in  the  personnel  of  the  staff  had  occurred  during  thi 
period.  The  District  Railway  was  by  far  the  oldest  of  the  varioDi 
undertakings  controlled  by  the  Underground  Co.  They  had  thi 
advantage  of  this  maturity  in  possessing  an  experienced  staff 
personnel,  many  of  whom  had  spent  much  of  their  lives  in  thi 
service  of  the  company,  and  who  took  an  inherent  and  genuini 
interest  in  the  work  and  well-being  of  the  company.  On  the  othe: 
hand,  age,  time,  and  death  caused  greater  gaps  amongst  the  heads  o 
departments  than  was  the  case  with  younger  companies.  Havioi 
referred  to  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Whittle,  who  had  been  tbi 
accountant  of  the  company  for  42  years,  and  to  the  death  of  Mr 
Soar,  an  old  servant,  the  chairman  concluded  by  saying  that  thi 
past  six  months  showed  the  same  steady  and  continuous  expansUn 
which  had  been  characteristic  of  the  reports  of  the  District  Railwt; 
during  the  last  six  years.  It  was  true  that  high  prices,  especiall; 
those  of  coal,  had  interfered  with  and  marred  the  increased  prol 
which  they  otherwise  would  have  been  able  to  show.  The  railway 
from  its  small  mileage  and  from  the  complicated  and  hamperini 
conditions  which  old  Acts  of  Parliament  had  imposed  upon  it 
could  not  be  expected  to  show  in  any  half-year,  or  even  in  any  M 
year,  a  revenue  advancing  by  leaps  and  bounds.  Such  performaoK 
were  outside  its  capacity  and  limitation,  but  it  had  shown  ta> 
would,  he  thought,  continue  to  show  progress,  which  though  Bl<n 
was  steady  and  unbroken,  a  progress  not  very  noticeable  in  rn 
one  half-year,  but  which  by  continuous  accumulation  over 
number  of  years  would  steadily  increase  the  aggregate  dividend  0 
the  value  of  the  property  of  its  stockholders.  ^ 

Mk.  ERNE.ST  Law  seconded  the  resolution,  and  the  report  W 
adopted. 


Stock  Exchange  Xotices. — Applications  liave  been  i 

to  the  Committee  to  allow  the  following  securities  to  be  quoted^ 
the  Official  List  :— 

British  Columbia  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.— 10,000  6  per  cent,  cumulative  | 
ence  Bhares  of  .*100  each,  lully  paid  (Nob.  1  to  10,000). 

Coropania  HidroElecttica  de  Tuouman,— i:800,000  6  per  cent,  flret  moTtm 
debentures  of  JEIOO  each.  '• 

Mexico  Tramways  Co.— Further  ifiBue  of  r<l,298,000  general  conBOndsteaB 
mortgage  50-year  6  per  cent,  gold  bonds. 

The  Committee  have  ordered  the  undeimenticned  securities' 
be  quoted  in  the  Official  List ; — 

Cordoba  Light,  Power  and  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.— Further  iseue  of  UT|> 
ordinary  (.hares  of  £1  each,  fully  paid  (Nos.  472,448  to  600,000). 

Rhondda  Tramwajs  Co.,  Ltd.— Further  ifsue  of  je40,C00  5  per  cent,  m 
mortgage  debentures  (registered)  of  £100  each  (Nob.  2,001  to  2,400). 

Consolidated  Gas,  Electric  Li|;lit  and  Power  01 

of  Baltimore.-  The  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  of  IJ  J 
o«nt.  on  the  common  stock  for  the  quarter  ending  March  Slst,  M 
3  per  cent,  on  the  preferred  stock. 

Calcutta  Electric   Supply  Corporation.  Ltd.— Tl 

number  of  units  delivered  to  consumerB  during  the  four  w«el 
ended  December  27th,  1912,  amounted  to  806,132,  compared  wi" 
656,441  units  in  the  corresponding  four  weeks  of  191 1, 


1.7a.   No.  i,«M7,  FwimuAuv;,  191.1.]      TIIK    KTjKCTKICAL    JIKVIKW. 


231 


<entral  London  Kailway  Co. 

directorH'  report  for  the  Imlf-ycar  cndint;  Dtccinbiir  HUt, 
,  Btat*»  that  the  nmoutit  of  cnpitiil  expciidtii  durii>jf  Iho  hiilf- 
wa«  itr>3,Mf<.  Tho  following  are  the  financial  ruMultH  of  the 
year'B  workintr 


Itll'.;. 

I'Jll. 

Inoreut. 

radio  rcoolpts 
liBOcUimooiiH  rci'oljilH 

i'lUl.OSH 
lll,4'i7 

1 '2,74(1 

C81 

Irosfl  rocoipto        

LcBH  workin)!  oxpcrsaB 

7I1..')2H 

i'lim.ccu 

7H,(i()0 

i;f.,BOii 

lalance  to  Lt't  rovniuc  aooi.  unl  i'(!H,127 


X'II4,8.'.li 


X8,a71 


'ter  providinfj  for  interest  on  the  debenture  stock  and  other 
nentf,  the  net  revenue  aceount  showH  that,  inoludinpf  tho 
init  brouKht  forward  from  last  half-year,  there  is  an  available 
ace  of  £8ri,  120,  as  compared  with  £8;}, 170  in  the  corrcs- 
linif  period.  After  deducting  £(;,7;i'.i  for  interest  on  the  li  per 
,  preference  stock,  there  remains  a  balance  of  £78,680,  out  of 
sh  the  directors  recommend  the  declaration  of  the  followirpf 
lends  : — Undivided  ordinary  stock  at  the  rate  of  H  per  cent, 
mnum  for  the  half-year  ;  preferred  ordinary  stock  at  the  rate 

per  cent,  per  annum  for  the  half-year  ;  deferred  ordinary 
[  at  the  rate  of  2  per  cent,  per  annum  for  the  whole  year, 
le  payments  will  require  £51, •1(12,  leaving  a  balance  of  £27,218. 

number  of  passengers  carried,  including  season  tickets, 
ugh  tickets  and  the  cheap  return  tickets  issued  before  7.:iOa.m., 

follows  : — 

Hair-year  ending      HaU  year  ending 
'ear.  Jone.  December.  Total. 


20,664,8911 
20,006,267 
17.249,16y 


Total  carried 


1 '.1,995,960  40,660,8r,(i 

18,076,990  38.083,28:1 

18,690,033  35,939,202 

510,902,053 


le  extension  of  the  railway  to  Liverpool  Street  was  opened  for 
lie  traffic  on  Sunday,  July  28th  last,  and  the  Broad  Street 
ion  booking  offices  on  Thursday,  October  10th  last.  The 
iber  of  passengers  using  this  extension,  and  the  receipts 
ved  therefrom  are  considered  satisfactory.  The  proposals  of 
Underground  Electric  Railways  Co.  of  London,  Ltd.,  referred 
1  the  chairman's  circular  letter  of  December  14th  last,  having 
1  accepted  by  the  holders  of  over  75  per  cent,  in  the  aggregate 
(he  ordinary,  preferred  ordinary,  and  deferred  ordinary  stock, 
offer  has  now  become  binding  on  the  Underground  Co. 
lie  directors  propose,  in  future,  to  submit  accounts  yearly,  and 
I  one  ordinary  general  meeting  in  .January  or  February  in  each 
'.     Interim  dividends  will  be  declared  in  the  month  of   July  or 

UBt. 

he  Right  Hon.  Lord  Esher  retired  from  the  board  in  October 
,  and  Sir  Henry  Babington  Smith  was  elected  in  his  place.  The 
ting  was  called  for  yesterday,  (>th  inst. 


(Jreat  IKorthern  and  City  Railway  Co. 

5  half-yearly  general  meeting  of  the  shareholders  of  the  above 
pany  was  held  on  29th  ult.  at  the  Westminster  Palace  Hotel, 
Earl  of  Lauderdale  presiding. 

he  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report,  said 
y  would  see  by  the  accounts  a  falling-otf  in  the  traffic.  Consc- 
ntly  their  working  expenses  which,  at  the  corresponding  half- 
r  of  last  year,  were  SlTiO  per  cent.,  had  been  for  the  last  half- 
r  5411  per  cent.,  though  actually  in  money  only  £15o  up.  They 
;  this  year  to  contend  with  the  competition  of  motor-'buses  and 
ucars,  which  accounted  for  there  being  no  set-oil  against  the 
rease  by  the  usual  normal  increase  of  travellers.  A  working 
I  of  £5,08()  appeared  as  the  result.  That  sum,  however,  had 
in   been  provided,    as    in  past    years,    from    outside     sources. 

would  mention  what  perhaps  was  an  open  secret,  that  the 
ef  friends  of  the  company,  who  had  provided  over  £28,000 
those  recurring  deficiencies  by  means  of  free  gifts  to  the  com- 
ly  ouK  of  their  own  pockets,  had  been  Messrs.  S.  Pearson  &  Son, 
I.,  who  constructed  the  railway,  and  who  were  large  share- 
ders  and  creditors  of  the  company.  Had  it  not  been  for  that 
lely  and  continuous  support,  the  concern  would,  he  thought, 
7e  soon  passed  into  the  hands  of  a  receiver.  A  fresh  issue  of 
ference  stock  to  the  amount  of  £85,000  had  been  made  to 
fsrs.  Pearson,  which,  as  they  were  all,  no  doubt,  aware,  had  been 
3  to  them  for  some  .years  past.  They  would  also  see  that  whilst 
)yd's  bonds  had  increased  by  £40,000,  the  loan  due  to  the  con- 
ctors  had  been  reduced  by  a  like  amount.  The  cross-action 
;ween  the  Regent's  Canal  Co.  and  the  railway,  in  reference  to 

water  supply,  had  been  settled  on  fair  and  satisfactory  terms, 
i  the  railway  compony  would,  .in  future,  obtain  its  feed  water 
iin  other  sources  thi.n  the  canal,  and  would  also  make  a 
iuced  payment  to  the  canal  company  in  respect  of 
iter  supplied  by  the  latter  for  other  purposes.  They 
1st  all  be  conscious  of  the  fact  that  the  history 
the  company  had  been  one  of  continuous  disappointment  ;  and 
it  had  not  been  for  the  fact  that  the  directors  entered  into  a 
mpetitive  struggle  with  other  lines,  the  compHuy  would  quickly 
ve  succumbed.  As  it  was,  they  had  carried  on  for  nine  years  a 
nggling  existence,  and  one  made  more  difficult  y«ar  by  year, 
ing  to  the  unexpected  arrival  of  the  motor-"bus  and  the  electri- 
ition  of  the  tramways,  &c.  That  had  all  tended  to  make  it  ex- 
jimely  difficult  for  that  little  disconnected  railway  to  hold  its  own. 
^me  time  ago  the  directors  thought  it  advisable  to  link  up  the 
je  with  a  main-line  system,  so  that  the  value  of  its  large  tunnels 
ight  be  utilised,  and  various  negotiations  took  place,  but  until  a 


few  inonthH  ofco  without  iinucrna,  when  the  matter  wbh  taken  up 
by  the  Metropolitan  <  o.  The  latter  company  now  had  a  lilU  ^lefore 
I'arliuiiU'nt  whnh  provided  for  the  rnvival  of  Ih'- eitennifin  of  the 
railway  to  the  llunk,  which  that  company  only  allowed  to  lapae 
through  sheer  inability  to  -ihow  any  proKpcttn  of  Ix-ing  abin 
to  finance  it.  In  iiddition  it  was  proixjwd  U>  exti'nd  the  rail- 
way to  a  juncticm  with  the  Woterloo  and  City  Kailwtiy  no  that  it 
would  be  pOHHible  to  journey  under  cover  all  th<;  way  from  the 
South- Western  htationH  to  the  North  of  lyjndon.  Other  extc-niiionii 
were  also  propo-<ed  which,  in  short,  meant  that  the  Metropolitan 
Railway  propomid  to  take  over  their  line  and  develop  it  om  it 
re(|uircd  to  be  developed.  They  hud  to  congratulate  themMelven 
upon  the  fact  that  a  total  Iohh  of  their  capital  wut  not  to  bo  their 
fate.  So  far  as  the  debenture-holders  were  concerned,  they  would 
receive  £  for  £  an  equal  amount  of  Metropolitan  SJ  per  cent. 
"  A  "  debenture  stock,  and  thi:  "  A  "  nhareholderB  were  receivinij 
7.">  per  cent,  of  the  face  volue  of  their  Bhares  in  Metropolitan  ordi- 
nary stock,  with  dividendB  slightly  restricted.  The  "  IJ  "  deferred 
ordinary  shares  would  get  .">0  per  cent,  of  the  face  value.  Ah  it  woji, 
their  line  was  earning  nothing  for  its  sharcholderB,  and  by  itself 
had  no  prospect  of  earning  a  dividend  ;  an  part  of  a  large  and 
energetic  railway,  however,  it  promised  to  become  a  profitable 
feeder,  and  with  its  success  their  prospects  would  also  be 
improved.  It  was  true  they  would  have  to  submit  to  a 
reduction  of  i  per  cent,  of  their  interest,  but,  on  tho 
other  hand,  they  would  secure  an  easily  saleable  stock 
of  unquestionable  security.  Out  of  all  the  debenture-holders  873 
per  cent,  had  sent  in  consents  to  the  scheme.  Some  comment 
had  been  made  on  the  fact  that  whilst  the  preferred,  ordinary,  or 
"  A  ''  shares,  got  75  per  cent.,  the  "  B  "  shares  received  only  50  per 
cent,  in  stock.  It  was  only  right  to  explain  that  both  the  preferred 
and  deferred  were  ordinary  stock,  and  as  a  matter  of  strictness  on 
a  division,  each  share,  whether  "  A  "  or  "  B,"  was  entitled  to  receive 
the  same  amount  of  stock.  Inasmuch  as  the  arrangement  with 
the  Metropolitan  Co.  had  got  to  be  carried  through  by  agree- 
ment, and  each  class  of  share  was  dependent  on  the  vote  of  the 
other  to  secure  the, acceptance  of  theagreement,  it  had  been  thought 
right  that  the  "A  "  shareholders,  who  were  entitled  to  a  preferen- 
tial dividend,  should,  as  some  compensation,  get  a  larger  amount  of 
stock,  and  so  the  "A's"  got  75  per  cent.,  and  the  "  B's  "  only 
50  per  cent.  A  special  meeting  of  the  "  B  '  shareholders  would  be 
held  later  on,  when  they  would  be  asked  to  waive  their  strict  rights 
to  an  equal  distribution  and  to  agree  to  the  acceptance  of  the 
smaller  proportion.  As  regarded  the  directors,  he  (the  chairman)  and 
his  colleague.  Sir  Clarendon  Hyde,  would  join  the  board  of  the 
Metropolitan,  and  the  other  directors  would  resign.  He  thought 
that  whilst  reccgnising  that  the  Metropolitan  Railway  had  made  a 
fair  bargain  in  the  matter,  it  had,  at  the  same  time,  saved  them  all 
from  a  very  unsatisfactory  position.  Not  one  proxy  had  as  yet 
been  sent  in  against  the  scheme.  He  proposed  that  the  report  and 
accounts  be  adopted. 

Me.  Chables  Steel  (deputy  chairman)  seconded,  and  the  motion 
was  carried. 

After  the  auditors,  &c.,  had  been  re-elected,  the  SoLicnoK  to  the 
company  explained  briefly  the  object  of  the  amalgamation,  and  the 
proceedings  closed. 


Mersey  Railway  Co. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  half-year  ended  December  31st,  1012^ 
states  that  the  train  mileage  run  during  the  half-year  was  27t^.73 
miles  as  compared  with  SOl.CiSS  during  the  corresponding  six 
months  of  1911.  The  number  of  passengers  conveyed  during  the 
half-year  was  6,622,(84,  as  against  5,914,743  for  the  corresponding 
period  of  1911,  exclusive  of  season  ticket  holders.  The  total 
receipts  from  all  sources  for  the  half-year  were  £59,651,  as  com- 
pared with  £54,150.  The  working  expenses,  exclusive  of  the 
charges  for  pumping,  ventilation,  and  lifts  were  £27,427,  equal  to 
45  97  per  cent.,  as  against  £27,065,  equal  to  4998  per  cent.  These 
charges  for  pumping,  ventilation,  and  hydraulic  lifts,  for  the  past 
half-year  amounted  to  £3,818,  equal  to  6'40  per  cent.,  as  compared 
with  £3,125,  or  at  the  rate  of  .^'77  per  cent.  Under  the  scheme 
of  agreement  scheduled  to  the  Mersey  Railway,  1900,  as  extended 
by  the  Mersey  Railway  Acts,  1906  and  1910,  the  payment  of 
interest  on  the  following  debenture  stocks,  viz.  : — 1866,  1871, 
18S2/3;."'i  and  B,  was  contingent  on  the  revenue  of  the  company  avail- 
able therefor  in  each  separate  year.  The  auditors  had  certified 
that  the  revenue  available  for  this  purpose  for  the  year  ending 
December  31st,  1912,  amount  to  £18,061,  which  was  accordingly 
being  distributed  to  the  debenture-holders  as  follows  : — Interest  at 
4  per  cent,  on  the  1866  debenture  stock,  £4,664  ;  interest  at  3  per 
cent,  on  the  1871  debenture  stock,  £3,000  ;  interest  at  £2  17e.  9d. 
per  cent,  on  the  1882/3/5  debenture  stock,  1 10,395  ;  balance  carried 
forward,  £1  12s.  7d.  The  interest  on  these  debenture  stocks  was 
duly  paid  to  the  debenture-holders  on  February  1st,  1913.  The 
meeting  is  to  be  held  in  London  on  February  11th. 


South  London  Electric  Supply  Corporation.  Ltd.— 

The  directors  recommend,  subject  to  final  audit,  a  dividend  on  the 
ordinary  shares  for  the  year  1912  at  the  rate  of  5 }  per  cent,  per 
annum,  as  compared  with  a  5  per  cent,  for  the  previous  year. 

Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways.  Ltd.— -\n  extra- 
ordinary general  meeting  wUl  be  held  at  Electrical  Federation 
Offices,  W.C.  to-day,  Friday,  to  consider  a  resolution  approving  the 
Bill  intituled,  "  A  Bill  to  empower  the  Metropolitan  Electric  Tram- 
ways, Ltd.,  to  provide  and  work  vehicles  by  means  of  raiUess  trac- 
tion ;  and  for  other  purposes." 


232 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.  1,837,  febbcary  7, 191.1. 


City  and  Sonth  London  Railway  Co. 

The  report  of  the  directors  shows  that  the  receipts  from  all  sources 
for  the  half-year  ended  December,  1912,  amounted  to  £8.3.877,  and 
the  cost  of  working  was  £42,9-11,  leavinff  a  profit  of  £40,936.  In- 
clusive of  the  balance  brought  forward,  the  net  revenue  account 
shows  an  ujrgrepate  total  of  £43,130.  After  making  provision  for 
the  debenture  etock  interest,  rent  charge,  and  the  transfer  to  the 
renewal  fund  of  £  1,500,  a  balance  remains  available  for  dividend  of 
£27,63,S.  Out  of  this  the  directors  recommend  that  the  full  dividend 
of  5  per  cent,  per  annum  be  paid  on  the  preference  stocks,  1891, 
IS'.iG,  lOOl  and  1903,  and  that  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  i  per  cent, 
per  annum  be  paid  upon  the  consolidated  ordinary  stock  for  the 
half-year,  leaving  £2.588  to  be  carried  forward  to  the  next  account, 
as  against  1}  per  cent,  per  annum  and  £2,815  carried  forward  last 
year. 

Passuagei's,  Receipts,        Dividend 

inclusive  of  including        per  cent. 

Half-year,  season  tickets,       season  tickets,  per  annum. 

June  30lh,  1910  . .        13,367,324  i'as,413  IJ 

December  Slst,  lUlO        ..        12,800,719  £86,103  Ij 

June  :iOlh.  1911     ..        ..        13,818,622  £67.691  i; 

December  Slst,  1911         . .         12,840,839  £85,817  ij 

Jane  80lh,  1912  12,610,728  £81,656  14 


December  3Ut,  1912 


£78,839 


The  decrease  in  traffic  receipts  was  spread  very  generally 
throughout  the  line,  and  about  one-fourth  of  the  whole  amount 
was  in  bookings  with  other  companies.  The  directors  attribute  it 
mainly  to  the  extensive  and  general  development  of  motor- 
omnibuses,  which,  by  direct  competition  and  by  intersecting 
routes,  have  diverted  much  of  the  traffic  which  formerly  came  to 
this  system.  The  directors,  foreseeing  that  the  reduction  in  the 
receipts  had  not  reached  its  limit,  decided  that  the  interests  of  all 
classes  of  stockholders  would  be  best  served  by  arriving  at  an 
arrangement  with  a  larger  company,  and  after  anxious  considera- 
tion and  some  delays,  a  scheme  was  negotiated  with  the  Under- 
ground Electric  Railways  Co.  of  Condon,  Ltd.  The  full  details  of 
this  arrangement  were  submitted  to  the  ordinary  stockholders. 
Approximately  99  per  cent,  of  the  consolidated  ordinary  stock  of 
the  company  has,  in  pursuance  of  this  scheme,  been  transferred  to 
the  Underground  Electric  Railways  Co.  of  London,  Ltd.  The 
directors  who  have  resigned  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the 
scheme  are  Messrs.  J.  F.  S.  Gooday,  S.  Barclay  Reward  and  E. 
Tate,  and  in  their  places  have  been  appointed  Mr.  A.  H.  Stanley 
(managing  director),  Mr.  T.  C.  Jenkin,  and  Admiral  Sir  Cyprian 
A.  G.  Bridge,  G.C.B.  In  intimating  these  resignations,  the  chair- 
man desires-  to  place  on  record  his  regret  at  parting  with 
colleagues  much  esteemed  on  personal  grounds,  whose  counsel  and 
co-operation  had  been  at  all  times  of  the  greatest  value  to  the  com- 
pany. The  appointment  of  Mr.  Jenkin  to  a  seat  on  the  board 
involved,  and  was  preceded  by,  his  resignation  of  the  ofiBce  of 
general  manager.  This  office  he  had  held  since  May,  1890,  and  had 
displayed  therein  a  degree  of  vigilance,  courtesy,  and  organisitng 
capacity  which  it  would  be  difficult  to  overpraise.  It  is  satis- 
factory to  be  able  to  announce  that  in  his  new  capacity  Mr. 
Jenkins  devotion  and  experience  will  still  be  at  the  service  of  the 
company.  The  company  are  promoting  a  Bill  in  the  ensuing 
session  for  enlarging  the  tunnels,  for  raising  the  necessary  capital 
for  this  work,  for  new  rolling  stock  and  electrical  equipment,  and 
for  other  purposes,  which  will  be  submitted  to  the  proprietors  at  a 
special  meeting  to  be  held  at  the  conclusion  of  the  ordinary 
general  meeting.  The  London  Electric  Railway  Co.  are  promoting 
a  Bill,  which  will  also  be  submitted  to  the  special  meeting,  to 
authorise  a  physical  junction  near  Euston.  between  this  company's 
line  and  the  Charing  Cross,  Enston  and  Hampstead  Tube.  This 
junction  will  enable  up-to-date  trains  to  run  from  Edgware, 
Golder's  Green,  Highgate,  kc,  through  this  company's  enlarged 
tunnels  to  Enston,  King's  Cross,  the  City,  London  Bridge,  and 
Clapham  Common. 

The  meeting  in  to  be  held  on  February  llth. 


London  Electric  Railway  Co. 

The  ordinary  general  meeting  of  the  shareholders  was  held  on 
Friday  last  at  the  Westminster  Palace  Hotel,  London,  Lord  George 
Hamilton  presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Elec- 
trical Review,  page  1C8),  said  that  the  capital  powers  of  the 
company  had  been  increased  by  £7OO,O0i»  additional  capital,  and 
£200,(100  additional  borrowing  powers  authorised  by  the  London 
Electric  Railway  Act,  1912,  and  by  £600,000  additional  capital  and 
£200.000  additional  borrowing  powers  authorised  by  the  Edgware 
and  Hampstead  Railway  Acts,  1902  and  1912.  The  amount  of 
preference  stock  created  had  hieen  increased  by  £23,670  for  which 
an  equivalent  amount  of  ordinary  shares  of  the  Edgware  and 
Hampstead  Railway  Co.  was  received  in  accordance Vith  the  terms 
of  the  London  Electric  Railway  Act,  1912.  During  the 
half-year  £23.t,056  of  debenture  stock  was  issued,  the 
proceeds  of  which  were  being  used  for  paying  the  cost 
of  the  Golder's  Green,  Paddington  and  Charing  Cross  extensions. 
The  amount  spent  on  capital  account  was  £279,322,  of  which 
£159,251  was  expended  on  the  extension  from  Golder's  Green, 
£39,830  on  the  Paddington  extension,  £35,223  on  the  Charing  Cross 
extension,  and  £14,.'<1n  on  Earl's  Court  escalator.  The  gross 
receipts  had  amounted  to  £376,710,  being  an  increase  of  £10,520 
for  the  corresponding  period  of  the  preceding  yeu.  There  had 
been  an  increase  in  expenditure  of  about  £8,300  compared  with  the 
corresponding  period,  of  which  £4,000  was  increase  in  cost  of  train 
working,  due  principally  to  the  increased  cost  of  coal,  and  there 
was  every  indication  that   the  price  of  coal  would  continue  to  be 


high  during  the  current  year.  The  car-mileage  showed  an  increase 
of  361,210,  or  3'85  per  cent.,  while  the  passenger  receipts  per  car- 
mile  were  8'87d.,  compared  with  9'Old.  for  the  corresponding 
period.  The  percentage  of  operating  expense  to  gross  earnings 
was  43"19  per  cent.,  compared  with  4212  per  cent,  for  the  correa- 
ponding  period.  There  were  two  Bills  referred  to  in  the  report, 
one  by  their  company  and  the  other  by  the  City  and  South 
London  Railway  Co.  The  powers  sought  in  the  company's  Bill 
were  to  enable  them  to  construct  a  physical  connection  between  the 
City  and  South  London  and  their  Hampstead  and  Highgate  rail- 
way at  Euston,  so  as  to  allow  of  a  through  service  of  trains  into 
the  City.  In  order  that  this  might  be  done,  it  was  necessary  for 
the  City  and  South  London  Co.  to  enlarge  its  tunnel,  which  was  of 
a  smaller  diameter  than  their  company's,  and  that  company  wag 
promoting  a  Bill  seeking  powers  for  that  purpose.  The  work  on 
the  Paddington  and  Charing  Cross  extensions  involved  many  com- 
plicated engineering  problems,  but  it  was  progressing  satisfactorily, 
and  it  was  hoped  that  both  those  extensions  would  be  opened  for  traffic 
either  in  the  late  summer  or  the  early  autumn  of  the  present  year. 
The  contract  had  also  been  made  for  the  installation  of  escalators 
at  Oxford  Circus  Station,  and  thjs  work  had  commenced.  This  was 
the  last  occasion  upon  which  he  would  act  as  chairman.  He  was 
sorry  to  leave  the  company  :  his  relations  with  all  concerned 
had  been  most  pleasant  and  harmonious.  lie  was  especially  sorry 
to  leave  it  at  a  time  when  it  was  embarking  into  a  larger  system 
of  co-operation  with  other  companies  and  in  extensions  of  its  own. 
The  L^nderground  Co.  had  been  forced,  not  by  any  desire  to  create  a 
monopoly,  but  by  the  pressure  of  the  circumstances  with  which  it 
had  had  to  deal,  to  extend  its  operations  and  to  enter  into  arrange- 
ments with  other  enterprises  similarly  engaged.  The  huge  and 
ever-growing  daily  passenger  traffic  throughout  London  could  not 
otherwise  be  handled,  if  the  convenience  of  the  traveller  had  to  be 
consulted  and  proper  facilities  afforded  for  the  increasing  number 
of  persons  requiring  daily,  constant,  continuous,  and  rapid  transport 
to  and  from  aU  parts  of  the  metropolis  and  its  suburbs.  This  claea 
of  traffic  could  not  have  its  Tiecessities  adeijuately  met  if  London 
was  arbitrarily  divided  into  artificial  and  self-contained  sections. 
The  Undergroand  was,  therefore,  forced  to  become  a  very 
large  concern,  and  that  being  so,  it  was  desirable  to  so  adjust  and 
shape  every  part  of  the  co-operation  thus  necessitated  so  as  to 
ensure  smooth  and  harmonious  working  throughout.  In  the 
opinion  of  those  whose  judgment  he  trusted,  it  was  thought  that  he 
might  be  more  usefully  engaged  elsewiere.  He  bowed  to  that 
decision  and  took  leave  of  them  all  with  regret.  He  was  consoled 
by  knowing  that  his  successor.  Lord  Farrer,  was  a  director  of 
exceptional  experience  in  raQway  management.  He  came  from 
a  family  distinguished  in  many  walks  of  life,  and  he  had 
no  'doubt  that  these  railways  would  prosper  under  his 
direction.  His  experience  as  chairman,  and  the  constant  examina* 
tion  and  revision  of  the  figures  brought  weekly  under  his  notice, 
had  made  it  clear  that  it  was  only  by  a  closer  interchange  and 
linking  up  with  existing  systems  that  an  adequate  return  could  be 
secured  upoii  the  great  outlay  of  those  underground  undertakings. 
During  the  last  two  years,  excluding  the  exceptional  period  of  the 
Coronation  festivities,  the  growth  of  traffic  receipts  was  almost 
entirely  derived  from  terminal  and  exchange  stations.  The  inter* 
mediate  stations  held  their  own,  but  no  more.  For  short  distances, 
especially  in  fine  weather,  the  motor-'buses  were  their  most 
formidable  competitors.  They  had,  in  hand  a  number  of  extensions 
and  improvements  which  could  not  fail  to  largely  augment  their 
present  traffic.  The  Paddington  extension  would  bring  them  into 
direct  physical  connection  with  the  Great  Western  system,  whilst 
the  further  extension  from  Paddington  to  Queen's  Park  would 
enable  them  to  co-operate  with  the  London  and  North-Westem 
Railway  in  bringing  passengers  from  their  lines  straight  through 
to  lines  operating  on  the  south  of  the  Thames.  The  Golder'l 
Green  extension  would  run  through  a  rapidly; increasing  residem  "  "' 
neighbourhood,  a  large  proportion  of  whom  were  daily  conveyed; 
to  and  from  the  Metropolis.  Under  the  Bills  promoted  thit 
session  by  the  City  and  South  London  Railway  Co.,  their  railwaj. 
would  be  80  connected  with  th^ir  lines  as  to  become  an  integri}"! 
part  of  their  system.  The  Charing  Cross  improvements  whiob-* 
were  approaching  completion  would,  when  finished,  pfovide  a  co&v. 
solidated  station  which  would  afford  full  facilities  for  a  thorongUT 
exchange  of  passengers  between  the  Bakerloo,  the  Hampstead,  and  ° 
the  District  Railways.  Those  and  other  developments  had  not  ' 
been  promoted  piece-meal  or  at  haphazard,  but  they  were  part  of  •• 
general  policy  carefully  thought  out,  by  which  they  hoped  out  of 
the  isolated  and  scattered  lines  they  originally  started,  to  establish 
a  compact  and  ubiquitous  system  of  underground  travel  throtigf 
the  Metropolis.  He  should  watch  with  interest  and  attention 
development  and  realisation  of  this  great  utilitarian  idea. 

Sir   Algernon  West,  G.C.B.,   seconded   the  motion,   and 
report  was  adopted. 

1  nderjcround   Electric   Railways    Co.  of  Londoii) 

Ltd, — The  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  6  prfj 
cent,  per  annum  on  the  income  debentures,  and  at  the  rate  of  6] 
cent,  per  annum  on  the  income  bonds, 

London   General  Omnibns  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directon 

recommend,    subject   to   audit,   the  payment  of  a  dividend  on  i 
ordinary  shares  of  the  company  for  the  period  ended  December  31i 
1912,  of  8  per  cent.,  free  of  income-tax. 

South  London  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd.- 

The  directors  recommend,  subject  to  final  audit,  a  dividend  on  (" 
ordinary  shares  for  the  year   1912  at  the  rate  of  5i  per  cent.  [ 
annum.     This  compares  with  a  5  per  cent,  dividend  for  the  previo^ 
year, 


I 


ler  ( 
ti«|i^ 


a 


▼6l.rz.  No.  1,837,  FKBhiTAnYf,i«ii<.3      THE    ELECTRICAX.    REVIEW. 


'238 


Liveriiool  0\t'rliea(l  Railway  Co. 

The  direotors'  roport  HhowB  that  the  irroHH  revenue  receipts  for  the 
lialf-vear  ended  Dooomber,  11)12,  mnonnted  to  AIJt.ilHS,  and  the 
workintf  oxponHOS  to  £28,8il".i. 

The  nninber  of  pas8enu:ers  oarried  durink'  the  laHt  two  yearn  is  an 
foUowH  :  — 

Half  year         Halt  vcar         Half  year        Ilallyoar 
June,  lUU.       Deo.,  lUll.       June.  lUI'J.      Doc,  1U13. 

PIrat  olasH B7i),ll2H  (117,007  (ISH.doa  ft74,J(iO 

Third  olaB8(liicUl(?trmy8)      :i,Ull,07lJ  n.:)nM,n<'.!)  :i,3a),291  :i,lilH0On 

Worknion  (spec.  rot.  IcklB)     1,701,19(1  1,7211,1110  l,«l!l,(iU<l         l,«7r.,07M 

Total  ..        ..     .'),8()ll,r>97  r,,7:W,B0fi  r,,871,:i'Jl)         (l,2U7,6li; 

In  conseciuence  of  ill-health,  Sir  W.  B.  Forwood  has  rcBitfned  hiH 
position  as  chairman  of  the  company.  He  will  retain  his  seat  on 
the  board,  and,  it  is  hoped,  will,  ere  lonf,',  be  able  to  take  his  usual 
keen  interest  in  the  workin;;  of  the  railway  The  meeting  of  nharc- 
holders  will,  in  future,  be  held  only  once  in  each  year,  in  the  month 
of  February.  The  directors  intend,  when  possible,  to  declare  and 
pay  interim  dividends  in  the  month  of  Aujjust,  as  heretofore.  The 
receipts  from  passenger  traflic  amounted  to  £t2,56()  ;  miscellaneous 
receipts  and  interest,  £1,4  !!)  =  £  13,98:)  ;  less  workintr  expenses  and 
trwisfer  to  renewal  fund,  £28,.'<(ii(=  £15,1  Hi ;  less  interest  on  mort- 
gage debentures,  and  on  calls  paid  in  advance,  £4,329  ;  also  '.e.S8  pro- 
vision towards  cost  of  adjustment  of  loan  capital,  £.500,  and 
written  off  for  depreciation  of  investments,  £300  ;  leaving  £9,986, 
plus  £4,8ri2  brought  forward.  This  leaves  available  for  dividend 
£14,839,  out  of  which  the  directors  recommend  dividends  at  the 
rates  of  5  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  preference  shares,  and  2i  per 
cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary  shares,  leaving  £4,913  to  be 
carried  forward. 


Metropolitan  Railway  Co. 

The  half-yearly  meeting  was  held  on  Wednesday,  January  28th,  at 
the  Great  Eastern  Hotel,  E.G.,  Lord  Aberconway  presiding. 

The  CUAIBMAN,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  189),  said  that  on  the  expenditure 
side  of  the  revenue  account  there  was  a  saving  in  expenses 
of  £1,239.  Locomotive  and  generating  expenses  showed  an 
increase  of  £1,751.  Like  all  other  railway  companies,  they  were 
suffering  from  a  serious  increase  in  the  price  of  fuel  and 
also  from  an  increase  in  the  price  of  materials  generally, 
and  but  for  these  circumstances,  they  would  have  shown  a  very 
considerable  saving  on  this  account,  because  their  new  generating 
machines  at  Neasden  were  enabling  them  to  produce  the  current 
they  required  at  a  much  smaller  consumption  of  coal  than  under 
the  old  conditions.  During  the  half-year  they  had  burnt  in  the 
power  house  31,089  tons  of  coal,  as  against  37,341  tons  in  the 
corresponding  period,  the  decrease  being  (1,252  tons,  or  17  per  cent., 
while  the  output  of  current  had  been  practically  the  same.  On  the 
receipts  side  of  the  account  the  disappointing  feature  was  the  first 
item,  which  showed  that  the  receipts  from  the  conveyance  of 
passengers,  apart  from  season  ticket  holders,  showed  a  decrease  of 
£1,444.  The  longer  distance  and  the  season  ticket  traffic  both  showed 
substantial  advances,  the  falling  off  having  been  in  the  short- journey 
traffic,  where  they  had  a  very  severe  competitor  in  the  motor-'bus. 
Their  losses  on  the  working  of  the  Hammersmith  and  City  Railway 
and  on  the  East  London  Railway  were  both  less  than  in  the 
corresponding  period,  and  their  proportion  of  the  profit  from  the 
working  of  the  City  lines  and  of  their  joint  lines  with  the  Great 
Central  Co.  north  of  Harrow  showed  a  substantial  increase.  The 
net  result  was  that  they  had  available  for  dividend  £171,778,  as 
against  £164,677.  That  would  enable  them  to  pay  the  dividend  on 
the  whole  of  the  preference  stocks  as  usual,  and  to  pay  at  the  rate 
of  £1  15s.  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary  stock,  carrying 
forward  £9,496.  Put  shortly,  the  effect  of  the  accounts  was  that 
they  paid  the  same  dividend  as  12  months  ago  on  the  ordinary 
stock,  notwithstanding  that  the  amount  of  that  stock  had  been 
increased  by  £729,000  ;  they  put  £7,500  to  their  electrical  renewal 
and  depreciation  fund,  as  against  £5,000  in  the  corresponding 
period  ;  and  they  were  carrying  forward  £280  more  than  on  the 
previous  occasion.  Having  referred  to  the  progress  being  made 
with  various  alterations  and  widenings,  the  chairman  said  that 
at  Neasden  the  whole  of  the  five  new  sets  of  machines  had  been 
installed,  though  they  were  not  all  yet  out  of  the  contractors' 
hands.  From  their  experience  of  them  up  to  now,  he  might  say 
that  they  were  quite  eatii  fied  that  they  would  effect  all  the  economy 
in  working  that  they  intended  they  should  do.  They  were 
putting  up  some  additional  sheds  at  Neasden  for  the  housing 
of  their  rolling  ftock,  and  they  hoped  thereby  to  reduce  their 
maintenance  costs,  as  a  great  part  of  the  stock  had  at 
present  to  remain  in  the  open  at  night.  They  were  laying 
an  additional  high-tension  cable  between  Neasden  and  Moorgate 
Street  to  meet  the  increased  call  for  current  necessitated  by  the 
increa'ed  train  services  which  they  were  now  running,  and  which 
they  had  in  prospect.  In  view  of  this  they  had  placed  an  order 
with  the  Metropolitan  Carriage,  Wagon  and  Finance  Co.  for  the 
building  of  36  new  cars  which  they  required  for  working  the  electrified 
East  London  Line,  the  Hammersmith  and  Richmond  Line,  and  for 
other  purposes.  The  proprietors  would  be  aware  that  in  November 
last  they  issued  an  official  statement  through  the  Press  in  reference 
to  the  relations  of  the  company  with  the  Underground  Co.,  which 
was  a  virtual  amalgamationof  most  of  the  tube  lines,  the  District  Co., 
and  the  London  General  Omnibus  Co.  He  had  referred  to  this 
question  at  one  or  two  previous  half-yearly  meetings,  and  they 
thought  it  right,  in  view  of  certain  unauthorised  statements  having 
appeared  in  the  newspapers  on  the  subject,  to  issue  an  authentic 
announcement.  He  would  like  to  state  frankly  and  fully  the 
reasons  that  led  the  board  to  the  decision  that  it  was  not  in  the 


Interents  of  the  company  that  there  should  be  a  flnancial  foiion 
between  the  Metropolitan  and  the  Underground  group.  In  the 
(Irst  plaon,  ho  mont  remind  them  that  the  very  M-rioas  aod 
inoren(>irig  compctilion  of  the  motoroiiijiibnH<-<i  with  the 
whole  of  the  underground  lineH  in  London  waK  the  main  fa':t'ir  in 
determining  thoMci  who  had  control  of  the  majority  of  the  tub<> 
linoH  to  acquire  the  control  of  the  Omnibus  Co.,  and  that  thdy 
acted  wisely  in  doing  ho  there  could  be  no  rjucHtion  whatever.  The 
motor-'buH  had  introduced  a  new  and  formidable  element  in  com- 
petition. The  old  horp(!  'bus  competed  with  the  underground  lines 
to  a  certain  extent  in  the  old  steam  days,  but  it  could  not  comi>ete 
effectively  after  thi'se  liiioH  were  electrified.  The  motor-  bus,  on 
the  other  hand,  could  compete  with  them  in  the  matter  of  speed 
for  short  distances,  and  the  very  great  convenience  it  offered  to  the 
public  in  picking  up  people  and  setting  them  down  at  any 
point  they  desired,  rendered  it  a  very  formidable  competitor. 
Under  these  circumstances,  and  us  the  tube  lines  were  dependent 
for  practically  the  whole  of  their  earning,^  on  traffic  for  which  the 
motor-  buses  were  competing,  a  common  control  of  the  two  intereeto 
was  undoubtedly  desirable  from  every  point  of  view.  The  Metro- 
politan Co.'s  position,  on  the  other  hand,  was  quite  different.  Leea 
than  one-half  of  their  total  revenue  was  derived  froiu  traffic  for 
which  they  were  in  competition  with  the  motor-'buses,  the  main 
part  of  their  receipts  being  from  their  longer  distance  traffic,  from 
their  goods  traffic,  and  from  their  exchange  with  various 
trunk  lines,  where,  for  obvious  reasons,  they  need  not  fear 
competition  from  the  source  he  had  named.  That  they  had 
suffered  and  were  still  suffering  seriously  from  the  diversion 
of  traffic  to  the  motor-'buses  within  the  London  area 
was  undoubtedly  a  fact,  and  thou/h  they  were  doing,  and 
would  continue  to  do.  everything  that  lay  in  their  power  to  attract 
short-distance  traffic  to  the  line  by  affording  every  possible  facility, 
he  had  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  they  must  not  erpect  any  growth 
in  that  section  of  the  business.  On  the  other  hand,  their  longer 
distance  traffic  was  capable  of  large  expansion,  and  their  policy 
during  recent  years  had  been  to  encourage  and  develop  the  traffic  in 
their  outlying  districts.  The  board  gave  very  careful,  and  indeed 
anxious,  consideration  to  the  whole  matter  before  deciding  to  dis- 
continue the  negotiations  with  the  Underground  Co.,  and  he  hoped 
he  had  said  sufficient  to  satisfy  them  that  the  possible  sacrifice  of 
future  prospects  that  would  have  been  involved  in  an  amalgama- 
tion with  the  group  in  question  would  have  been  greater  than  the 
circumstances  justified.  He  considered  it  would  have  been  a  mistake 
to  have  exchanged  the  prospects  tliat  they  undoubtedly  had  for  such 
immediate  benefits  as  might  have  come  to  them  by  throwing  in 
their  lot  with  the  underground  group.  Their  discussions  with  the 
Underground  Co.  were  carried  on  throughout  in  a  most  friendly 
spirit,  there  being  an  earnest  desire  on  both  sides  to  make  the  best 
arrangement  possible  for  the  respective  undertakings.  It  was 
finally  recognised  on  both  sides  that  it  was  practically  impossible 
to  devise  a  scheme  that  would  be  mutually  satisfaetory,  and  it  wm 
thought  that,  so  far  as  theworking  of  theundertakinj/'s  was  concerned 
the  objects  in  view  could  be  accomplished  without  a  financial  union. 
As  regarded  the  East  London  line,  where  they  were  joint  lessees 
with  several  other  companies,  the  work  of  electrification  was 
approaching  completion,  and  they  expected  the  line  would  be 
ready  for  electrical  operation  in  the  course  of  about  two  months. 
They  would  then  resume  the  running  of  through  trains  between 
New  Cross  and  their  system,  which  was  previously  a  source  of 
considerable  profit  to  them. 

Mr.  Paui,  Speak  seconded  the  motion. 

Me.  Pownall,  in  a  lengthy  speech,  criticised  adversely  the  pro- 
posal of  the  directors  to  purchase  the  Great  Northern  and  City 
Railway  Co.  That  company  was,  he  said,  an  unsuccessful  and 
bankrupt  concern.  Having  given  the  figures  of  the  actual  results 
shown  by  the  line,  as  compared  with  the  estimates  in  the  prospectus 
and  pointed  out  that  only  on  two  occasions  had  the  company 
earned  sufficient  to  pay  the  interest  on  the  debenture  stock,  Mr. 
Pownall  gave  it  as  his  firm  opinion  that  the  future  prospects  were 
not  more  encouraging.  They  were,  he  said,  told  that  if  they  did 
not  buy  the  line  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Co.  would  do  so.  and 
if  that  was  so,  he  would  rather  that  company  bought  it  than  the 
Metropolitan. 

The  Chairman  said  that  in  the  opinion  of  the  board  they  had 
the  opportunity  of  purchasing  the  (^reat  Northern  and  City  Co. 
on  very  favourable  terms,  and  they  were  satisfied  that  if  it  came 
into  their  hands,  and  they  extended  it  as  they  proposed,  it  would 
put  the  earning  value  of  the  line  upon  a  footing  that  it  had  never 
yet  occupied  by  reason  of  its  short  length.  He  reminded  the 
shareholders  that  the  Metropolitan  Co.  had  a  power  station  at 
Neasden  capable  of  turning  out  a  very  much  larger  quantity  of 
electrical  power  than  they  could  now  consume,  and  it  was  proposed 
to  use  this  surplus  energy  to  run  the  new  line,  and  to  use  the 
station  of  the  Great  Northern  Co.  for  other  purposes. 

After  a  long  discussion,  the  report  was  eventually  adopted. 


A  W'harncliffe  meeting  was  subse(iuently  held,  at  which  the 
Chairman  proposed  a  resolution  approving  the  Bill  providing  for 
the  purchase  of  the  Great  Northern  and  City  Railway.  lathe 
course  of  a  long  speech  defending  the  proposal,  he  explained  the 
various  extensions  which  they  proposed  to  make,  and  said  it  was 
their  intention  to  take  over  the  line  as  and  from  July  Ist  next. 

Considerable  discussion  ensued,  in  which  various  shareholders 
urged  the  desirability  of  delay  in  order  to  give  further  time  to  con- 
sider the  matter,  and  in  the  end  it  was  decided  to  adjourn  the  con- 
sideration of  the  question  to  a  special  meeting,  to  be  held  on 
February  12  th.  In  the  meantime  it  is  proposed  that  a  number 
of  the  largest  shareholders  shall. confer  with  the  board  on  the 
matter, 


234 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.72.  no.i.sst.pkbhuabtt,  1913. 


Sinitbtielii  Markets  Electric  Sapply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  1912  shows  that  the  grross  profit 
amounted  to  £4,005.  compared  with  £3,869  last  year,  and  the  net 
profit  to  £1,5-':),  compared  with  £1,383.  A  further  sum  of  £400 
has  been  placed  to  the  debenture  stock  redemption  fund,  making  a 
total  of  £1,2^2  at  the  credit  of  this  account,  and  £500  to  deprecia- 
tion and  general  reserve  fund  accounts.  The  available  balance, 
inoludinir  £G2'.i  brought  in  'from  1911,  is  £2,154,  which  the 
directors  propose  to  deal  with  by  paying  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of 
2  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary  shares  (£1,200),  and  carry- 
ing forward  £'.'.'i4.  The  output  of  current  for  lighting  has  been 
maintained,  but  the  demand  for  power  has  been  rather  lees,  pro- 
bably due  to  the  abnormal  conditions  prevailing  during  the  summer 
months.  The  plant  and  machinery  have  been  efficiently  main- 
tained and  a  reduction  in  generating  costs  per  unit  effected.  The 
installation  of  the  new  generating  plant  is  proceeding  satisfactorily 
and  will  be  completed  very  shortly.  The  vacancy,  caused  by  the 
death  of  Sir  .T.  H.  Morris,  K.C.S.I.,  one  of  the  trustees  for  the 
debenture-holders,  has  been  filled  by  the  appointmentof  Sir  Herbert 
Leon,  Bart.,  as  a  trustee. 
The  annual  meeting  takes  place  to-day  (Friday). 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Toeeday  ETening. 
Markets  in  the  Stock  Exchange  have  called  something  of  a  halt 
pending  the  war  developments  in  the  Balkans.  Opposed  to  the  idea 
which  existed,  even  up  to  Monday  night,  that  the  two  combatants 
would  not  come  to  blows  after  all,  was  the  hope  that  they  would 
fight  out  their  differences  once  and  for  all.  and  so  settle  the  matter. 
For  a  great  deal  too  many  years  the  Near  Eastern  tjuestion  has 
been  a  constant  thorn  in  the  side  of  the  Stock  Exchange  ;  and  its 
extraction,  even  if  a  painful  process  during  the  operation,  would  be 
welcomed  by  financial  circles  the  world  over.  Business,  meantime, 
is  very  quiet,  and  the  liveliest  feature  this  week  amongst  electrical 
sections  have  been  the  movements  in  Marconi  shares. 

The  Home  Railway  market  was  greatly  cheered  by  the  declara- 
tion of  unexpectedly  good  dividends  by  eome  of  the  Northern  lines. 
Prices  of  steam  stocks  improved  generally,  and  this  had  a  good 
effect  upon  Metropolitans  and  Districts,  the  quotations  of  which 
improved.  Metropolitans,  allowing  for  deduction  of  the  dividend 
of  178.  6d.  per  cent.,  are  1 J  up  ;  while  Districts  have  recovered  1. 
The  eagerly-expected  report  of  the  Underground  Electric  Railways 
Company  showed  that  the  earnings  were  suflBcient  to  pay  the  full 
6  per  cent,  on  the  Income  Bonds,  but  the  carry  forward  did  not 
come  up  to  hopes  which  had  been  expressed  about  it  previously,  and 
was  not  large  enough  to  justify  some  of  the  extravagant  talk 
recently  heard  in  connection  with  the  company's  Ordinary  shares. 
The  price  of  the  latter,  therefore,  eased  off  J  to  regain  it  later, 
while  the  Is.  shares  fell  xsi  and  the  Income  Bonds  themselves  at 
95i  showed  a  fall  of  i.  Confidence  in  all  these  issues,  however, 
remains  strong  ;  and  unless  holders  come  in  to  realise  their  shares 
more  eagerly  than  they  have  done  so  far  during  the  past  week, 
there  might  be  a  recovery,  provided  the  meeting  is  a  satisfactory 
one. 

Central  London  Ordinary  and  Deferred  both  shed  a  point ;  but 
the  Preferred  is  1  up,  in  consei|uence  of  the  good  return  which  the 
stock  shows  at  the  present  price,  included  in  which,  of  course,  is  the 
recently-declared  dividend  of  £2  per  cent.  Great  Northern  and 
City  Preferred  fell  lOs.  to  24  on  the  opposition  manifested  at 
the  meeting  of  the  Metropolitan  Railway  shareholders  to  the 
scheme  for  the  absorption  of  the  Tube  line  by  the  Metropolitan. 
When  the  project  was  first  announced,  the  wonder  was  expressed 
here  why  the  older  railway  should  want  to  ac(iuire  the  Great 
Northern  and  City,  and  evidently  eome  of  the  Metropolitan  pro- 
prietors are  still  unsatisfied  on  the  point. 

British  Electric  Traction  li  per  cent.  Preferred  stock  has  receded 
to  lli,  but  Potteries  Preference  are  better,  and  there  is  a  vague 
notion  that  the  Company's  Ordinary  shares  may  be  worth  picking 
up  as  a  gamble  that  ought  to  be  kept.  In  view  of  the  very  small 
market  that  there  is  in  the  shares,  it  would  seem  to  require  some 
courage  to  buy  these,  even  for  the  purpose  of  putting  away. 

Dividend  announcements  have  already  begun  to  appear  from  the 
English  electricity  supply  Companies.  The  Westminster  Company 
announces  a  distribution  at  the  rate  of  1 1  per  cent,  per  annum, 
making  the  regular  10  per  cent,  for  the  year  ;  whUe  the  St. 
James's  Company  is  paying  5s.,  also  ae  usual,  making  a  similar 
percentage. 

The  list  of  prices  has  been  rectified  to  some  extent,  and  brought 
more  into  line  with  the  actual  conditions  of  supply  and  demand  in 
the  market.  Chelseas,  London  Preference,  Metropolitan  Ordinary, 
and  County  Ordinary  and  Preference  have  been  marked  up  J  in  each 
case.  Westminsters  and  St.  James's  have  both  declined,  in  spite  of 
their  dividend  declarations.  Thd  principal  change  is  a  rise  of  1.58. 
in  City  of  London  Ordinary,  the  market  being  strengthened  by 
recuwence  of  the  demand  from  the  same  group  whose  operations 
started  the  previous  rapid  improvement.  The  market  is  none  too 
supplied  with  shares  of  any  of  the  best  London  Electricity  Stipply 
Companies,  but  there  is  not  a  great  deal  of  inquiry  to  stimulate 
prices,  and  the  National  Telephone  Arbitration  award  is  not  yet 
far  enough  away  to  remove  a  certain  feeling  of  doubt  as  to  how  the 
electric  undertakings  wUl  be  treated  in  1931. 

Remark  was  made  here  in  our  la-^t  report  upon  the  way  in  which 
the  manufacturing  shares  were  being  picked  up  by  people  who 
knew  how  busy  quite  a  number  of  the  companies  are   at  present. 


This  movement  has  gone  further,  Electric  Constructions  have 
followed  up  their  advance  of  a  week  ago  by  a  gain  of  j\.  British 
Aluminium  Ordinary  and  Preference  have  both  improved,  and  the 
Prior  Lien  Debentures  gained  1,  a  similar  advance  being  secured  by 
British  Thomson-Houston  Debenture.  Castner-Kellner  Debenture 
stock  recovered  li  of  its  dividend  deduction,  while  Edison  &  Swan 
4  per  cent.  Debenture  stock  rallied  a  point  after  its  drop  of  last 
week,  although  the  Ordinary  shares  (partly  paid)  have  been  marked 
down  to  the  lugubrious  figures  of  nothing  to  |.  No  doubt  the 
readers  of  these  Stock  Exchange  notes  arc  better  conversant  with 
the  amount  of  work  which  manufacturing  companies  have  in  hand, 
than  a  mere  financial  writer  can  expect  to  be,  since  he  is  but  the 
wax  upon  which  are  stamped  the  impressions  of  those  more  fully 
informed.  Babcock  &  Wilcox  rose  ^  to  ^i^g,  but  in  Willans  and 
Robinson  there  are  no  changes. 

The  Marconi  market,  as  noted  above,  is  one  of  the  most  active  in 
the  Miscellaneous  section.  The  price  of  the  shares  has  spurted 
strongly,  touching  4  J  on  Monday,  and  finishing  on  .Tuesday  night 
at  4  5,  leaving  a  rise  of  i'-,  on  the  week.  The  cross-examination  of 
Mr.  '\\'.  R.  Lawson,  one  of  the  journalistic  critics  of  the  Marconi 
agreement,  is  followed  with  particular  interest  in  the  Stock 
Exchange,  because  Mr.  Lawson  is  a  member  oi  the  House.  With 
the  parent  shares,  the  prices  of  Canadian,  American  and  Spanish 
Marconis  have  advanced  in  sympathy.  The  market  is  a  very  diffi- 
cult one  to  read,  and  it  is  largely  at  the  mercy  of  a  comparatively 
small  clique,  whose  extensive  deals  bring  about  these  violent 
fluctuations. 

National  Telephone  Deferred  has  quieted  down  again,  and  the 
price  shows  a  fair  recovery  after  its  very  steep  fall.  So  many  con- 
flicting calculations  are  being  made  even  yet  as  to  the  price  at 
which  the  stock  will  be  paid  off  that  no  good  purpose  can  be 
served  by  reproducing  these  guesses.  American  Telephone  Capital 
stock  fell  1 J  for  the  same  reason  as  mentioned  on  a  previous  occa- 
sion, namely,  that  it  is  feared  the  United  States  Courts  may  declare 
the  Company  to  be  an  illegal  combination  in  restraint  of  trade. 
The  same  contention  applies — more  indirectly,  of  course— to  the 
Anglo-American  Telegraph  Company,  now  under  the  wing  of  the 
Western  Union  Company.  But  the  prices  of  the  Anglo  group  are 
unaffected,  because  it  is  taken  for  granted  that,  even  in  the  event 
of  the  so-called  trust  being  dissolved,  the  Anglo  could  keep  up  its 
own  end  perfectly  well.  Mackay  Common  shares  fell  2.  Cuba 
Telegraphs  are  a  good  spot,  with  a  lOs.  rally  ;  but  West  India  and 
Panamas  continue  to  sag,  and  the  price  has  lost  another  i\.  The 
Eastern  group  keeps  very  steady,  and  there  is  not  a  change  worth 
mentioning  beyond  a  point  decline  in  Eastern  Ordinary  stock. 

The  unpleasant  flavour  left  in  the  mouth  by  the  (leorgia  Light 
and  Power  incident  continues  to  militate  against  this  department. 
Georgias  themselves  have  recovered  to  44^,  and  the  Mexican 
group  is  a  little  better.  Brazil  Tractions  recovered  the  1 J  per  cent, 
deducted  for  dividend,  and  another  J  in  addition  :  while  British 
Columbia  Electric  stocks  are  just  steady,  the  Deferred  losing  a 
point,  which  the  Preferred  picked  up.  Rio  First  Mortgage  Bonds 
are  better.  Barcelona  Trams  rose  from  47  to  50,  and  reacted  to  49. 
United  Electric  Tramways  of  Monte  Video  shares  are  a  shade 
easier,  but  there  is  not  much  doing  in  them,  and  the  prices  of  the 
pre-ordinary  issues  remain  very  firm.  Mexico  Trams  are  harder, 
and  in  the  Mexican  Light  and  Power  group  the  only  alteration  is 
a  partial  recovery  of  the  coupon  on  the  company's  5  per  cent.  First 
Mortgage  Bonds. 


ELECTRIC    TRAMWAY    AND    RAILWAY 
TRAFFIC    RETURNS. 


I.ocalitv 


Moutli  I    Receipts  for 
ended  the 

1(1  wks.).         month. 


Bath 

Blackpool-Fleetw'd 

Bristol 

:Brit.  Klec.Trac.Co. 

Chathatn  and  Dist. 

Cork 

Diil.lin 
Hastiiifts 

Lancashire  United 
Lhvndudno-Col.  Bay 
London  United 
Tyncside 

Anglo-Argentine    . . 

Auckland 

Bombay  (B.E.T.)  . . 

Brisbane 

Brit.  Columbia  Rly. 

Calcutta 

Cape  Electric  T.  Ld. 

Kalgoorlie,  W.A.  . . 

Lisbon 

Madras 

Montevideo 

Cen.  London  Rly. 
City  &  S.  Lon.  Rly. 
Duiilin-Lucan  Rly. 
G.N.  and  City  Rly. 
L'pool  Ovcrh'd  Rly. 
London  Elec.  Uy.  Co. 
Mersey  Railway    . . 
Metropolitan  Rly. 
Met.  District  Rly. 


No. 

of        Total  to  date. 
Iwks. 


Route 
miles 
open  I 


2,714  U    105 

955  (-        1 

.Tan.  81     27,302  4  3,810 

24     91,496  +5,892 

80  ;     8,345  f    325 

30  !     1,742  1+      31 

31  22,061  ■  ♦  1,724 
"       2,a")l  f      6r. 

R,(Xi9  +     393 


Jan.  29 
Feb.    1 


8,669  -I-      2C5  .. 

1,176  -       6i       8    ! 

30,511  -I-  2,367  80-6 

7(*,748  +6,115  .. 

3,fi00  +      103  14'9f 

1,876  —        97  9-89 


„    80 

„    29 

,.    24 

Feb.    1 

Jan.  29 


mS    f      52 


21,182 
1,62  J 


+    401 


24,687    +      SOS 

6,463 
1,176 
27.151 
1,709 


ik25 
19-3 
89 
6-5 


Jan.  28   -219,170  +  18.696 

Dec.  29     20,.'").'i6  +2,5v8 
12,068  631 

25,890  «  1,660 


Jan. 
Dec. 


Feb.    1 


17,655  |+1,IC7 
3,206  ! 


Jan.  81       3,541  ;  +    368 
Jan.     j  38,?01     +P,010 


126  U 

219,170    -+i  8,696  ..     ', 

1  7.7.^)9    +18,280  24-11 

l£0.9;i3    +  3,217  .. 

254, Sll     +  P.'iU  .. 


f      86B    14-7 1 
♦  11,355      .. 


Feb.    1 
Jan.  V> 


27,465     <■  1,689 

12,491        1,3C5 

455  >  +      20 


Feb. 
Jan. 
Feb. 

1 
26 
1 

Jan. 
Feb. 

26 

1 

6,  75 

6,544  I  +  675 
60,430   -    180 

6,991  *■  5t\ 
67,408  -1,043 
63,6SS  1+2,73] 


2,289     678       4 


-  1,305 


7-26 
7 


6-6 


829  1-  968 
644  +  676 
.310  —  806  2l'25| 
.819  +  (68  4'6  I 
,408  -  1,048  1 26-75 
,913  I  +  8,845  j  26     I 


•  Compared  with  the  corresponding  period  of  1912. 
:  Includes  horse,  steam  and  other  receipts, 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,837,  Febrdahy  7,  1918.]       THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


286 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELECTRICAL     COMPANIES. 


ENBLIHH    ELECTRICITY    SUPPLY    AND   POWER   COMPANIEH. 


Boaniemontb  ft  Poole,  Ord.    . . 

Do.    44%Pref 

Do.    BocoDd  6  %  Prel. 

Do.    H  %  Dob.  Btook  . . 
Brompton  A  KooBlngton,  Ord... 

Do.    IJtCum.  Prof 

Oenlral   Elootrlo  Bopply,  4  %') 

Guar.  Deb. ) 

Oherlng  Orosa,  West  End  ft  Olty 

Do.    «4%0Qm.  Pref 

Do.     "  City     Undertftking "  | 
H  %  0am.  Prel. ) 

Do.  Do.  4%  Deb 

Chelsea,  Ord 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Olty  ot  London,  Ord 

Do.    G  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do,    e  %  Dob 

Do,    H  %  Second  Deb. 
OoDDty  of  LiondoD,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    «%Deb 

Do,    4{  %  Beoond  Deb, 
EdmoDdson'B,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6'^,  NonCum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    ii  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . . 
Folkestone 

Do.    B%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4i%  First  Deb 

Hove 


10 

10 

10 

Btook 


100 

5 

Stock 

10 

10 

Stock 

100 

10 

10 

Btook 

Btook 

i'S 


DitidondH 
for 


Closing 
Quotations 
F.b.  4th. 


M—  II 
M-    9i 

10  -  ir 

on  — 

8J-    H 

81—  e 

OS  —  98 
«-    64 

44-  *l 
33-  48 
02  —  94 

*i-    Bi 

9fi  —  99 
16.1  -    IHi 
124-  134 

ufl  -lao 

ICO  —102 
lit-  12 
113-  12* 
104  —106 
98  —101 
A-  ,». 
4*-  48 

n-  n 

82  —  85 

r  ^* 

90  —  93 
74-    8 


Rise 

+  or 
Fkll 


Present 
riold 
P.O. 


M  :  d. 

S    4    0 
4  13    4 

sua 

4  II  10 

5  6    8 
S  IT    9 

4     18 


4  15  3 
4  10  11 
4    7    8 


I    8    8 
NU 


6  5  11 
6  17  1 
4  17  7 
4  17  10 
6  13    6 


Dividands 
tor 


Kenilngtoii  ft  Knlcbtabrldc*,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Dob 

Kent  Blec.  Power,  41  %  Deb,  .. 
London  Eleotric,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4  %  First  Mart.  Deb,    . . 
Metropolitan  

Do.    44%  Cum.  Pref , 

Do,    4i  %  First  Mort.  Dob.  . . 

Do.    84%  Mort.  Deb 

Midland   Bleotric  Corporation  I 

44  %  First  Mort.  Dob.  1 

Newoastle-on-Tyne  B  %  Pref.,  I 

Kon-Cum. ) 

North  Metropolitan  Powor  Sup- 1 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Rod.)  / 

NotUng    Hfil,    6  %  Non-Cum.  I 

Pref.  / 

Oxford  

Bt.  James'  and  Fall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

BmithBeld  Markets,  Ord, 
Boutb  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    .. 
South  Metropolitan,  7  %  Prel... 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Btook  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cam.  Pref 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb. . . 
Westminster,  Ord, 

Do.    44%  Cam.  Pref 


Block 

Btook  44 

8    I  34 

6    I  e 

Stock  I  4 

6    :  t 


lull.  UU. 

9        81 


Cloalng 
Qnotatlona 
Feb.  4lb. 


;  100 

H 

1    » 

B 

B 

100 

B 

B 

10 

6 

6 

6 

ti 

6t 

6 

10 

lot 

S 

7 

7 

ido 

84 

B4 

6 

9 

4 

B 

100 

6 

s 

I 

T 

7 

100 

44 

44 

£3 

Nil 

6 

3 

t 

100 
6 

iS* 

9*t 

6 

44 

44 

71-    « 

30  — Hxd 
76  — 80zd 
14-    3 
6—    l| 

m  —  93 

4J-     44 

fi7  -IWJ 
tH  —  88 
08  -101 

H-  4i 

994-1024 

91-  lOJ 

64-  M 
Bl—  'J-l 
6i-    7i 

84  —  87 
1»-  li 
22-    8i 

97  —100 

14-    U 

96  —  99 

3fl    84 

85  —  88 


RlM    Preaent 

-f  or  ,  71eld 

F«U      p.e. 


+  1 


-i 


-  A 


-» 


J  1.  d. 
B  10    9 

4  n  0 

B  13  S 
8  IB  0 
B  11  1 
4  7  0 
BOO 
BOO 
4  10  0 
4     I    S 


4    9    1 


4  17    7 


B    9 

5  2 
4  IB 
4    0 


6    a  1 

6    0  0 

B  13  0 

4  11  8 


B  3  0 
5  8  1 
4    5    9 


COLONUL   AND   FOREIGN   ELECTRICITY   SUPPLY   AND   POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pref 

Oalcntta,  Ord 

Do.    B%Pref 

Calgary  Power,  Ist  Mort,  Bds. 
CanadlanOen.El.com.  .. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and  T,,  Ord. 

Do,    B%Deb 

Eleo.  Lt.  and  P.  of  Coohabamba, ) 

6  %  Bonds  / 

Eleo.  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  Ist  I 

Mort.  Deb, ) 

Eleo.  Dot,  Ontario,  6   %   1st ) 

Mort.  Bonds  | 

Ealgoorlle  Eleo.  P.  and  L,,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Eamlni8tiquiaPower,6%  Q,  Bs, 

Madras,  Ord,  

Melbourne,  6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt„  6%  Ist  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt.  ft  Power,  Common 

Do.    7  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    E  %  Ist  Mort.  Qold  Bds. 


6 

6 

6 

6 

84 

7t 

6 

b 

6 

100 

6 

6 

$100 

7 

7 

$100 

7 

7 

1 

H 

5 

too 

5 

5 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

$600 

E 

E 

10/. 

Nil 

1 

H 

6 

$600 

6 

6 

6 

Nil 

100 

6 

6 

E 

E 

9100 

4 

4t 

$100 

7 

7 

6 

S 

^n 

E    6    8 

6  19    4 

m-           BfSg 

4  16    5 

92  —  94 

B    6    6 

116  -120 

5  16    8 

120  —124 

5  13    0 

91^9^' 

5  6    8 

6  10 

93  -  95 

6    6    4 

90  —  93 

5    7    6 

954-  97* 

-  i 

5    2    7 

1-      f 

Nil         1 

9  15    :2 

102  —104 

4  16    2 

Ig-     1? 

101  -104 

4  16    2 

SJi-  86* 

B  16    7 

82-86 

4  IS    0 

105  —109 

6    8    5 

S5  —  97  xd 

+  1 

6    3    1 

Monterey  Bly,  Light  ft  Power, ) 

6  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Montreal,  Lt,,  H,  and  Power  .. 

Northeru,  Lt,,  Power  and  Coal,  | 

6  %  1st  Mort.  Bonds ) 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum,  Pref.      .. 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Roy.  Blec.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  1 

1st  Mort.  Deb.  | 

Bhawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb. 
Vera  Cruz  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  E  %  1 
1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 
West  Eootenay  Power  and  Lt., 
iBt  Mort.  6  %  Gold 


100 

s 

$100 

8 

$500 

6 

Stock 
Do. 
Do. 

10 
6 
6 

100 

44 

$100 
$600 

6 
5 

Al 

44 

5 

100         E     '     6 
1       lljd.'nid, 


Do, 


100 


6 


240  —345  xd 


217  —227 
106  —111 
100  —102 
100  — 1C2 
148  — lf2 
106  -108 
1004-1024 
984-1004 
91  —  94 

IC4  —106 


6  12 
3  13 


4    8  0 

6    6  8 

4  18  0 

4    8  3 

3  5  9 

4  12  7 
4  7  10 
4  9  7 
6    6  5 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amaaon  Telegraph         .. 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  ft  Teleg.,  Cap, 

Do.    Collat,  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  -  Portuguese   Tel.,  6  %) 
Mort.  Deb.  / 

OhlU  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Btlg.  4%  Deb, 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do.    10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.     10%  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %\ 
Reg.  Del).  J 
Eastern  Telegraph,  Ord,  Stock 

Do.    84%  Pref.  Stock.. 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Eastern  Extension 

Do.    4%  Deb 

East  and  S,   Africa  Tel.  4  %1 
Mt.  Db.  Mauritius  Sub,  / 
Globe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do,    8%  Pref 

Great  Northern  Telegraph 
Indo-European  Telegraph        . . 
Mackay  Companies  Common  ., 

Do.    4%  Cum.  Pref 

Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    1  %  Com,  Partlo.  Pref, 


10 

4 

*¥ 

stock 

5 

6 

$100 

8 

8t 

$1000 

4 

4 

1  Stock 

R 

R 

1    Do. 

6 

« 

I    Do. 

80/. 

100 

6 

6 

6 

7 

R 

Stock 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

4t 

6 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

100 

4} 

44 

Stock 

7 

V 

Do. 

B4 

84 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7t 

Stock 

i 

4 

8£ 

t 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

6 

6 

10 

IH 

18 

95 

13 

Bt 

tioo 

6 

6 

$100 

4 

4 

1 

30 

1 

17 

7-  74 
974-  99* 
]34*-13b4 
91"-  93 
66*-  674 
1104—1114 
24JJ.—  24}g 

102  —104 

74-     7| 

79  —  81 
8i-     SJ 

16  —  17 
Si—     8| 

et-  7 
4-  n 
99  -101 

132  —135 
78-80 
96  —  98 
13  —  134 
96  —  97  xd 

98  -101 
101-  m 
I2I-  I2I 
28*-  30* 
67'—  59' 
85  —  89 
68  —  72 
44-  45 
3J-      4 


-14 


+  1^1 


+  i 


+  i 


+  i 


6  0  0 

6  0  6 

6  17  3 

4  6  0 

4  8  U 

6  7  7 

6  0  3 


7    2  10 

6  15 

7 

4    9 

0 

6    3 

8 

4    7 

6 

4    1 

H 

6    B 

8 

4    2 

6 

8  19 

8 

6  10 

4 

4  13 

2 

5  18 

0 

6  10 

2 

5  12 

4 

5  11 

1 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord. .. 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

National  Telephone  Def. 

New  York  Telep.,  44%  Gen.  Bnds, 

Oriental  Telep,  and  Elec. 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4%  Red.  Deb 

Paciflo  and  European  Tel,,  4  % 
Guar,  Debs. 

Renter's       

Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  %  \ 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to  1,600) 

guar,  by  Braz.  Sub.  Tel. ) 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  1st  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  2nd  Pref.      . . 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg,  Bonds 


'Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants. 


t  Interim  Dividend. 


t  8b.  in  Funded  Dividend  Cert*. 


CONTINUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


286 


THE    ELECTEICAL    KEVIEW.     [Voi.7?.  No.  1,837,  februabt  7, 1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OP    ELECTRICAL    C0MTA1HlEB.-<O>ntinu«d.) 

ELECTBIC  BAILWAT8   AND   TRAMWAYS.— HOME. 


Bath  Truni.  Piel.  CM 

Do.    6%PTel 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Brit.  Elec.  Tr»o.,  6  %  Pref,     . . 

Do,        Do.  Deferred 

Do.        Do.  6%Cam.Pr'f. 

Do.  7%  Non-Cam.  Pr'f. 

Do.  6  ? ,  Perp.  Deb.      . . 

Do.  4)  %  Stud  Deb.       . . 

CinlrmI  London  IUilw*y,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Def 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

City  St  Booth  London,  Ord, 


Do. 

6%  Pref. 

1891 

Do, 

Do, 

IHHA 

Do, 

Do. 

1901 

Do, 

Do. 

1908 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Dublin  United  Trsms,  6  %  Pref. 
Qreat  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f,  Ord 
Hastings  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 


Do.    4»  %  Deb.  . . 
Ble  of  Th«        ~ 


banel  Trams,  8  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  E  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Eleo.  Railw'jrs,  4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trams,  6%  Pref, 

Do.  4%  Deb 


100 
100 
lOG 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 


100 
100 
100 
10 
100 


DlTldenda 
(or 


1911. 
NO 

t 

4 


1913. 
Nil 


Closing 
Qnotations 
Feb.  4th. 


76  - 
lOi- 

R7  - 
87  - 
91  - 

77  - 


87*- 
109'- 
109  - 
109  - 
109  - 

98- 


81 

•?» 

9U 
40 
95 
61 


-111 
■111 
-lil 
-111 

-100 
■  18 

-  74 

•   as 


Rise 

+  or 
Fall 


-i 


4  16  8 

6    0  0 

6    5  0 

4  3  6 

5  ii  1 


6  13  4 

6  '5  3 

6  7  3 
8  13  8 
4  18  0 

3  8  3 

4  0  0 
8  11  6 
4  10  I 
4  10  1 
4  10  1 
4  10  1 
4  0  0 
4  13  4 

Nil 

7  7  8 
6    17 


HolropoUlan  Railway  Oonaol 

Do.    Barplae  Landa    . . 

Do,    8i%Deb 

Do.    8l  %  Prel 

Do.    8}  %  Con.  Pref,  . . 
Metropolitan  Dlatrlol  Ord. 

Do,    6  %  Deb 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Do,    4  %  Prior  Lien    . . 

Do,    4*  %  First  Pref,  .. 

Do.    B|%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Bleo,  Trama,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    4i%Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Bouth  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Prel, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground    Bleo,    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.     6%  First  Cum.  Inc.  Deb. 

Do,    4i  %  Bonds 

Do,    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    4i%Deb 


100 
100 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
1 
1 
100 
100 


100 

1 

100 
10 

1/- 

100 
100 
100 
E 
6 
100 


Dividends 
for 


Cloaing 

Quotations 
Foil.  4th. 


68^  ESixd 
61  —  63  xd 
80  —  f8 
64  —  86  X(l 
83  —  86  xd 
41  —  41* 
189  —141" 

93  —  95 
99  —101 
8y  —  91 

75  —  77  xd 

8J  —  92 

94  —  97 

A-     A 
8-     i 

85  —  88 

66  —  7U 
43-     5 

lUi— 113) 
98  —100 

95  —  96 

31=81 
80  —  84 


Rise 

+  or 
Fall 


+1^ 


+  i 


+  A 


-A 


ELECTBICAL    EAILWAT8    AI^D    TBAMWATS.— COLONIAL   AND    FOBEION. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trama,  lit  Prel.     .. 

Do.    and  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Elec.  S.  A  Trama,  Pref, 

Do.    4i  %  Deb 

Do.    B  %  and  Deb 

Brnj-ilinn  Traction  LiRht    »ncl  1 
Power  / 
Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ord, 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    4J%Deb 

B,  Colombia  Eleo.  RI7,,  Def,    .. 

Do,     Pref.  Ord 

Do,    6  %  Pref 

Do,    4*  %  let  Mort.  Deb.      .. 

Do.    4}  %  Vanoouver  Deb.    , . 

Do.    4jjgCon.  Deb 

Calcotta  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trama 

City  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr.  4  Lt.,  6  %  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  RIy.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  .. 


B 

6 
100 
100 
100 
100 


Do, 
Do, 


,  A  Deb, 
,  B  Deb. 


B 

6 

100 

100 

100 

100 

40 

100 

100 

5 

5 

100 

1 

5 

100 

100 

tlOOO 

1 

100 

100 


n 

n 

4 

«4 

4 

b 

K 

6 

a 

H 

i 

ei 

8 

M 

6 

^ 

4* 

fl 

6 

S 

4 

4 

7 

51 

5 

^ 

ii 

5 

Et 

E 

B 

E 

Nil 

E 

6 

8 

a-  5» 

5    7    4 

if"--  m 

6  14    8 

m-  95i 

H 

A 

4    3    9 

99  -101 

4    9    1 

98i-1004 

4  19    G   1 

101  —103 

4  17     1 

11  -  13 

— 

-i 

5    0    0 

96-98 

4  11  10 

97-99 

5     10 

lOli-IOS  xd 

■I-2 

4|-    6J 

6    8    6 
4  16    8   1 

100  -108 

•4-1 

4    7    5     1 

141  -146 

—1 

6  10    4 

120  — 124xd 

41 

4  16    9 

105  —108 

4  12    7 

100  —103 

4    7    5 

101  —103 

4    7    6 

97  -100 

4    6    0 

53-    6i 

5  12    0 

m-6^ 

4  17    7 

97  -100 

4  10    0 

fi-     2 

BtW-  5}i 

4    8    0 

97  -100 

6    0    0 

93  —  97 

6    8    1 

99  -103 

4  17    1 

A-     A 

Nil 

83  —  88 

6  13    8 

80  —  40 

La  Plata  Eleo.  Trma,  Ord. 

Do,    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Old, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb,  .. 
Manaos  Trams  &  Lt,,  Ist  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec,  R.and  Ltg.,  Elonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Gen.  Con.  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Eleo.  RIys.  &  Lt.,  Ord.     . . 

Do.     6%Pref 

Do.    6  %  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W. A.)  Eleo.  Tr,,  Ord,    .. 

Do.    6%lBt.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  4  Sup.,  Pref, .. 

Do.    44%  Ist  Deb 

Riode  Janeiro  Trams,  1st Mort. ) 
6  %  Bonds  [ 

Do.    6  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Paulo  Tram,   Lt.  and  P.  I 
5  %  1st  Deb.  I 
BIngapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bouthem  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  B  %  Deb, 
Un,  Eleo.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    e%lBtDeb 

Winnipeg  Eleo,  RIy,,  1)  %  Deb. 


1 

Nil 

1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

6t 

1 

6 

6 

100 

E 

E 

100 

5 

E 

100 

5 

E 

<1000 

6 

E 

tioo 

7 

7+ 

f> 

B 

100 

6 

6 

6 

10 

lot 

6 

B 

6 

100 

6 

E 

I 

5 

64 

100 

6 

E 

6 

6 

6 

100 

♦4 

*i 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

9500 

6 

E 

100 

6 

E 

100 

6 

5 

E 

7 

fit 

6 

H 

« 

100 

6 

E 

100 

a 

H 

1-  ij 

91  —  96 

101  —103 

87  —  90 

1004— 102A 

111  —118" 

964—  il84 

1004—102* 

71—    8" 

44—    5i| 

98  —100 

isi-  Hi 

105  — lOS 

61-    6i 

97  —  99 

1014—1034 
964—  984 

1084—1054 
66  —  90 
97  —99  xd 


MANUFACTUBINe  COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Baboook  4  Wllooz 

Do.    Pref 

British  Aluminium,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Prel 

Do.    B  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  Stk 

B.I.  4  Beleby  Cable 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

British  Tbomson-Bonston,  Deb, 
British  Westlnghonse,  Pref,    .. 

Do,    Deb 

Do,    6  %  Prior  Lien    . . 
Browett,  LIndley,  Ord 

Do.     Pref 

Bmah,  7%Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     . , 

Do,    4^  %  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Reoond  Deb, 
Callendrr's  Cable 

Do,     Pref 

Do,     Deb 

Oaatner-Kellnar 

Do.    Deb 


1 

8 

1 

A 

6 

1 

as 

14t 

1 

H 

A 

1 
1 

NU 

Nil 

100 

6 

E 

100 

6 

6 

6 

10 

81 

B 

6 

6 

100 

44 

4 

100 

^. 

4 

8 

Nil 

Ni 

100 

4 

4 

100 

8 

6 

1 

,, 

1 

a 

Nil 

Nil 

100 

E 

E 

100 
100 

3 

^ 

B 

U 

lot 

E 

6 

6 

100 

<4 

*h 

t 

30 

30 

100 

4 

4 

i-     1 

H-   M 

Tr?](" 

+  A 

3—    1 

+A 

I —    1 

+A 

91-94 

+  1 

86-89 

8-84 

63-    6ixd 

102  -104 

9fi  -  98 

+  1 

i-     i 

58  —  61 

100  —108 

9/- -8/. 

4/6-6/. 

0-      I 

73  —  78 

47  —  53 

,, 

28-83 

11  —  113 

*l-   H 

97  —100 

8fJ-    8HJ 

105  —108  id 

+  1 

8    0  0 

7  7  8 

8  18  8 
4    0  0 


6  6  6 
6  13    4 

5  17  8 
4  16  0 
4  6  7 
4  11  10 

Nil 

6  11  a 
6  16    6 

Nil 

Nil 

Nil 
6  8  3 
8  18  3 
14  1  4 
6  7  8 
4  17  7 
4  10  0 
6  6  0 
4    8    4 


Crompton  4  Oo 

Do.    Deb 

Dick,  Kerr 

Do.    Pref 

Do,    Deb 

Edison  4  Swan,  A,  MB  paid 

Do,    fully  paid   ,. 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Do,    5  %  Becond  Deb, 
Electric  Construction     .. 

Do.    Pref 

Qreenwood  4  Batley,  Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

General  Electric,  Pref,  .. 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

India-Bubber,  Q,  4  T.     . . 

Do,    Pref 

Telegraph  Construction.. 

Do,    Deb 

Willans  4  Roblnaon 

Do,    Pref 

Do.    Deb 


1 

100 

E 

6 

100 

100 

a 
a 
10 

too 
10 

100 

6 
E 

100 


la 

100 

1 


E 

6 

4 

4 

17 

6t 

n 

IJ 

.. 

'■i 

B 

6 

17* 

6t 

4 

4 

Nil 

Nil 

« 

« 

65  —  67 
95  —  98 

?=ii 

61—65 
72  —  75 

ii'.-   lA 

l|—    2xd 
74—    B 

93-94 
93-  103 

90-95 

101  —108 
10  —  11 
10 
844—  < 


964- 
B7  —  69 


Unless  otherwiae  stated,  all  iharea  are  tolly  paid,     t  Interim  dividend. 


Bank  rate  of  Dlicoutft  6  twr  cent.,  October  i7th,  1912. 


Yol.  72.  No.i,887,fbbbttabt7,  i9ia.|    THE    ELECTKICATi    REVIEW. 


287 


METAL    MARKET. 
Fliictimtions  In  Jnniinry. 


NOTES    FROM    CANADA. 


SPELTER    (G.O.B's.). 

.Tan.  2   ;i  6   7    8   0  10  i:!  IJir.  Ifi  17  2021  22  2:124  27  i;«S!<.».'10;U 


CJU 

29 
28 
27 



2  b 
25 

LEAD    (ENGLISH). 

.Tan.  2   .■}   G   7    8   9  10  13  1 1  l.".  If.  172021  2223?i272829.3031 


19 

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18 
17 
16 
15 

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—. 

^ 

___ 

^ 

V 

^ 

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L_ 



_ 







_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

.Tan 
75/ 
74/ 
73/ 
72/ 
71/ 
70/ 
69/ 
68/ 
67/ 
66/ 
65/ 
64/ 


IRON. 

2   3   fi   7    8   9  101314ir.l61720212223242728293031 


1 

' 

"^ 

s. 

5COTCH 

■^ 

*-v 

y 

\ 

N 

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\ 

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CLEVELAND 

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^ 

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_ 

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TIN. 

2   3   6   7    8   9  10131415161720212223242728293031 


COPPER    (G.M.B's.). 

2   3  6   7    8   9.1013141.5161720212223242728293031 


Bail  Welding:. — Messrs.  Thkkjitt,  Ltd.,  London,  liave 
contracts  in  hand — or  shortly  to  be  started — for  the  weldinp  of  the 
tramway  rails  on  the  following:,  among:  other  systems : — Ayr, 
Bolton,  Birmingham,  Dublin,  London  County  Council,  Manchester, 
Portsmouth,  Salford,  York,  &c.  The  number  of  joints  welded  on 
new  and  reoonstruotion  work  durintr  1912  amounted  to  over 
16,000,  whioh  is  eqnivalent  to  oearly  90  miles  of  Biagle  track, 
eld'fts  rails. 


futoM    01  K   HrKCUL   COUnKHrONDKNT.J 

TiiK  wiitor  of  thcHc  nnU-v,  liaH  jtiBt  rc<x>ivwl  the  Ki.K'TRrr-Ar, 
Ukvikw  of  .laniiury  :!r(l.  which  wnitainH  the  refwrt  of  Mr. 
('.  Iliiinilton  Wickes  on  the  Chifjaf^o  lialK)niU>rie«. 

Mr.  Wifkcs  huK  ciircfnlly  (lathcrfd  liin  facts  and  mar- 
shalled fcliem  well,  for  he  Hf;tfl  ont  (he  e.xifitinf.'  Htatr-  of  affair" 
very  acuurately.  The  tnosL  noteworthy  of  hin  HtaUrments 
are  the  followinf;  : — 

I.  The  tiiird  paragraph  of  the  report,  relating  to  the 
"...  other  diniciilticR  appertaining  to  the  pomtion  .  .  ." 

II.  The  last  paragraph  under  the  heading  "  RritiBb 
IMannfactnrers  /•.  tiie  ()|)erationH  of  the  Indenvritcrs' 
iiaboratories,  Chicago." 

III.  Also  Sees.  :.',  4  and  .")  under  the  sanac  heading. 

'i'hc  statements  referred  to  in  1  are  self-evident  truths  to 
anyone  acquainted  with  this  Continent,  and  need  no 
comment, 

The  question  of  danger  to  life  fSf-c.  2j  is  an  important 
one,  as  neither  the  I'.L.C.,  nor  any  of  the  IxKlies  associated 
therewith,  arc  in  a  position  to  enforce  rules  on  this  point ; 
the  only  thing  that  they  can  do  is  to  make  recommendations. 
The  sole  means  which  the  Underwriters  possess  of  enforcing 
their  rules  is  to  raise  the  insurance  rate  f)r  refuse 
insurance  altogether  ;  manifestly,  then,  as  they  do  not 
insure  lives  they  are  (|uite  powerless  where  life  hazard  comes 
in,  except  in  so  far  as  this  may  be  introduced  through  fire. 
Even  in  respect  of  the  fire  risk,  if  this  be  not  excessive  and 
the  business  is  good,  the  rules  are  frequently  winked  at. 

From  this  it  is  plain  that,  if  a  person  cares  to  take  the 
risk  of  being  without  insurance,  or  of  insuring  with  a  com- 
pany outside  the  Fire  Underwriters'  organisation,  he  can 
please  himself  what  he  does.  As  for  the  electric  supply 
companies,  some  of  them  will  connect  up  to  any  pair  of 
terminals  without  much  question  as  to  what  is  on  the  side 
remote  from  their  mains. 

It  seems  a  great  pity  that  the  U.L.C.  are  not  supported  by 
the  Life  Assurance  companies  as  well,  because,  if  this  were  so, 
proper  safeguards  against  shock  would  immediately  be  taken 
and  enforced.  Even  this  arrangement,  however,  would  fall 
a  little  short  of  the  ideal,  as  some  people  do  not  insure  at  all. 

Mr.  Wickes  refers  (Sec.  3)  to  "  the  intolerable  state  of 
affairs  "  which  necessitates  British-made  products,  intended 
for  "  a  portion  of  the  British  f^mpire,"  being  approved  or 
re;jected  by  a  foreign  corporation. 

This  is  exactly  the  view  of  the  situation  taken  by  the 
writer  and  already  set  forth  in  these  "  Notes "  some  little 
time  ago. 

Sees.  2,  4  and  .""),  referred  to  in  III  above,  are  all  closely 
related,  and  may  be  considered  together. 

The  Imperial  Trade  Commissioner  remarks:  "I  think  he" 
(the  British  manufacturer)  "  should  be  supported  in  this 
objection,  unless,  indeed,  we  are  prepared  to  concede  that 
the  United  States  engineer  is  the  repository  of  all  the 
wisdom  of  the  world  .  .  .  ."  It  would  be  one  thing  for  a 
Britisher  to  refrain  from  conceding  such  a  point,  bnt  qnite 
another  to  induce  the  "  United  States  engineer  "  to  join  in 
the  refrain,  at  least  so  far  as  this  continent  is  concerned. 

The  statement  that  "  the  introduction  of  new  methods  or 
fresh  standards  might  meet  with  considerable  opposition  "  is 
very  much  too  mild,  for  it  may  be  confidently  predicted  that 
the  "  opposition  "  from  the  "  manufacturing,"  and  some  of 
the  "  other  Mercantile  Associations,"  would  be  of  a  very 
determined  character,  if  any  such  step  as  that  recommended 
by  j\Ir.  Wickes  were  under  contemplation. 

It  is  not  to  be  denied  that  the  U.L.C.  have  done  prac- 
tically all  the  pioneer  work  and  are  efficiently  performing  a 
duty  not  undertaken  on  this  side  by  any  other  body.  This 
is  all  very  well  for  the  States,  but  when  one  turns  to  Canada 
it  is  regrettable  to  find  the  British  manufacturer  practically 
shut  out  from  certain  lines. 

Mr.  "Wickee,  in  discussing  the  suggestions  at  the  end  of 
his  report,  thinks  that  the  adoption  of  his  third  projx)sal 
"  would  throw  open  to  our  British  manufacturers  not  only 
the  Canadian,  but  the  American,  market." 

Supposing  that  the  American  manufacturer  came  to  the 
same  condusion — would  hey  supporting  thBU,L»Oi  bb  be  dues, 


238 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.  1,837,  febbuaby  7. 1913. 


quietlj  submit  and  allow  his.  market*  to  be  thus  thrown  open, 
or  would  he  not  rather  rise  up  and,  in  every  way  possible, 
strenuously  fight  the  matter — there  seems  to  be  only  one 
answer  to  this  ;  he  would  also  have  the  strong,  and  not-to- 
be  despised,  co-operation  of  the  electrical  contractors  and 
jobbejB  who  are  naturally  in  close  touch  with  the  manu- 
facturers. 

If  the  American  market  cannot  be  "  thrown  oj)en  "  (to 
say  the  least  the  task  would  be  difficult),  what  about  the 
Canadian  one  ?  If  the  Canadian  fire  underwriters  be  willing 
to  forgo  the  U.L.C.  inspection  and  specifications,  and  accept 
those  of  a  British  laboratory,  this  might  be  done.  If,  how- 
ever, this  latter  be  merely  an  "  offshoot  "  (or,  shall  we  Siiy, 
an  "adjunct")  of  the  U.L.C.,  it  may  be  taken  for  granted 
that  practically  no  new  methods  or  standards  would  be  intro- 
duced over  here  ;  the  matter  would,  therefore,  resolve  itself 
into  the  British  manufacturer  being  compelled  to  get  out 
new  drawings,  tools,  jigs,  &c.,  in  order  to  make  apparatus 
and  fittings  which  would  comjjly  with  the  American 
standards.  To  some  extent  this  procedure  is  inevitable  if 
any  Canadian  trade  is  to  go  to  (ireat  Biitain,  but  the 
situation  might  be  mitigated  were  the  problem  of  securing 
this  trade  for  the  home  country  attacked  in  a  somewhat 
different  way  from  that  recommended  in  the  report  now- 
being  criticised.  In  view  of  the,  as  yet,  comparatively 
small  size  of  the  Canadian  market,  the  British  manufacturer 
must  ask  himself  seriously — "  Will  it  pay  to  go  to  the 
expense  of  getting  out  new  standards,  tools,  &c.,  for  the 
sake  of  obtaining  a  aliarc  of  the  Canadian  trade  if,  as  seems 
likely,  no  American  trade  can  be  looked  for  ? " 

Of  course,  it  pays  him  to  supply  material  and  goods  of  his 
own  standards,  and,  in  regard  to  meters,  motors,  large 
cables,  &c.,  he  is  allright  in  this  country  now,  but  when  it 
comes  to  small  switches,  lampholdcrs,  fuses,  ceiling  roses,  &c., 
the  design  of  which  is  covered  in  the  siJecification  of  the 
U.L.C.,  the  case  is  very  different. 

Mr.  Wickes's  suggestion  to  extend  the  policy  to  other  parts 
of  the  Empire  is  a  very  good  one,  but  it  must  be  remembered 
tliat  in  most,  if  not  all,  other  parts  of  the  Empire,  except 
Canada,  British,  and  not  American,  standards  and  designs 
are  predominant.  Canada's  position  is  quite  unique  in  this 
respect,  as  was  pointed  out  in  the  columns  of  the  Rkview 
a  little  while  ago. 

In  the  opinion  of  the  writer,  the  best  way  of  dealing  with 
this  problem  would  be  to  combine  ]\Ir.  Wickes's  first  and 
second  projxtsals,  i.e.,  that  laboratories  should  be  established 
both  in  Canada  and  in  England,  these;  of  course,  to  work  in 
conjunction  with  each  other,  and  be  independent  of  the 
U.L.C.,  though  not  essentially  antagonistic  thereto. 

Probably  it  would  be  difficult  to  establish  a  fully-equipped 
laboratory  here  for  some  years,  so  that  elaborate  tests,  when 
required,  might  be  carried  out  in  England  (if  need  be,  at 
the  National  Physical  Laboratory),  under  the  supervision  of 
both  Canadian  and  British  engineers.  Jlere  inspections, 
labelling,  &c.,  could  readily  be  done  both  here,  for  the 
Canadian  manufacturer,  and  in  England,  for  the  British 
manufacturer. 

The  system  established  in  the  I'.S.A.,  and  at  present 
operative  here,  of  having  all  fittings,  ic,  made  to  the 
standard  specifications  of  the  U.L.C.,  is  an  excellent  one, 
and  as  all  municipalities,  Ac,  adopt  the  one  set  of  rules,  viz., 
the  National  Electric  Code,  the  training  of  wircmen  and 
the  ordering  of  material  are  very  much  simplified  as  com- 
pared with  English  practice. 

Many  of  the  devices  used  and  methods  adopted  are 
eminently  suited  to  the  conditions  of  the  country,  and  it 
would  be  both  unnecessary  and  unwise  to  alter  them,  but 
the  British  manufacturer  labours  under  great  disadvantages 
at  present,  even  though  he  be  {prepared  to  supply  goods  in 
strict  accord  with  U.L.C.  requirements. 

The  Imperial  Trade  Commissioner  for  Canada  is  to  be 
heartily  congratulHt<d  for  having  grasped  the  situation  so 
well  in  the  short  time  he  has  spent  in  the  Dominion,  but 
your  correspondent  takes  issue  with  him  on  the  method  which 
he  recommends  for  tlie  removal  of  the  disadvantages  just 
referred  to.  The  work  of  a  British  laboratory,  which  was 
merely  an  "off-shoot"  of  the  U.L.C.  would  not,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  writer,  help  the  British  manufacturer  much  in 
hifl  trade  relations  with  this  continent ;  rather  would  it  tend 
to  "  throw  c)pen  "  the  markets  of  the  Empire  to  the  American 


manufacturer,  as,  with  a  laboratory  in  England  practically 
subordinate  to  one  which  is  in  constant  touch  and  already 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  his  own  products,  every  possible 
influence  would  be  exerted  to  enable  him  to  introduce  his 
wares  into  other  British  possessions  with  the  object  of 
making  them  standard  there  in  place  of  designs  of  British 
origin. 

If  the  British  manufacturer  wants  to  strike  in  his  own 
interests  let  him  strike  off  his  own  bat,  and,  as  the  captain 
of  a  certain  eleven  is  said  to  have  told  a  batsman  who  was 
not  quite  sober,  "hit  with  the  w/rW/f  bat,"  too,  i.e.,  with 
the  real  bat,  not  a  visionary  one.  It  wtuld  be  far  better  to 
leave  the  American  market  alone,  if  the  attempt  to  secure 
it  (success  being  very  uncertain)  means  that  the  markets  of 
the  Empire  will  be  thrown  open  to  the  American  manu- 
facturer. 


GRAPHS   IN   A   CABLE-SHIP   DRUM-ROOM 
NOTES   FOR   JUNIOR   ASSISTANTS. 


By  EDWARD  RAYMOKD-BARKER. 


{Continued  from  page  154.") 

(i3.  Fig.  6  shows  a  complete  cable-slack-per-cent.  calculator 
board*  dealing  with  all  cable  values — whether  in  n.m.  or  in 
knots — in  a  manner  involving  no  converging  origins. 

G4.  One  of  the  main  features  of  these  calculator-board 
graph-sheets  (figs,  t;  and  7)  is  the  use  of  Morse-code  figures 
for  vertical  and  horizontal  co-ordinates  and  percentage 
diagonals. 

As  far  as  the  writer  has  been  able  to  ascertain,  this 
application  of  Morse  figures  as  a  means  for  quick  differentia- 
tion of  any  number  of  sectional  lines,  diagonals,  curves,  oi" 
lines  of  any  kind  where  easy  and  rapid  identification  is 
desirable,  is  quite  new.  This  system  will  commend  itself  to 
draughtsmen,  hydrographers,  chart-makers  and  others, 
embodying  as  it  does  a  simple  way  of  drawing  any  number 
of  lines  in  as  many  different  ways,  thus  facilitating  identi- 
fication of  a  given  line,  from  one  part  of  a  large  chart  to 
another,  without  any  irksome  following  of  a  line  throughout 
its  entire  length. 

OS.  In  figs.  6  and  7  every  fifth  vertical  and  horizontal 
line  is  continuous,  whilst  intervening  lines  in  all  cases 
severally  are  "  1  "  to  "  4  "  in  Morse  figures  of  dots  and 
dashes.  Similarly,  the  diagonal  percentage  lines  are  in  Morse 
figures  from  "  1  "  to  "  20  "  inclusively,  so  that  where 
rectangular  intersection  of  taut  ivire  and  caMe  co-ordinates 
takes  place  on  any  diagonal,  the  c.ahle-slacJc  percentage  indi- 
cated by  that  diagonal  is  at  once  recognised  in  the  Morse 
figures  composing  the  diagonal.  There  is  no  need,  there- 
fore, to  follow  the  diagonal  line  up  to  the  percentage  figures 
at  the  top  of  the  graph  sheet. 

(16.  In  fig.  (■)  the  taut-u-ire  vertical-scale  divisions  range 
from  2  to  5  on  the  left  of  the  sheet,  and  from  5  to  10  on 
the  right. 

67.  The  corresponding  calle  horizontal-scale  divisions 
range  from  2  to  6 '5  from  left  to  right  and  from  5  to  12, 
right  to  left. 

G8.  The  respective  two  corresponding  sets  of  slack-per- 
cent, diagonals  incline  opposite  ways  and  lead  up  fo  slack 
percentage  figures  clearly  inscribed  at  the  top  of  the  sheet. 

00.  For  taut-wire  values  between  2  and  5,  a  single 
diagonal  thread  is  used,  moving  radially  from  a  pin  attach- 
ment at  the  point  of  origin. 

70.  For  like  use  between  h  and  10,  a  transparent  celluloid 
radial  arm  moves  with  its  base  in  a  curve  so  formed  as  to 
cause  the  arm  to  move  radially  on  an  inferred  origin — that 
is,  on  that  common  point  of  origin  towards  which  the 
diagonals  tend  to  converge.  Movement  of  the  radial  arm 
causes  its  straight-edge  to  coincide  successively  with  the 
various  percentage  lines.  In  fig.  0,  this  coincidence  is  not 
absolute,  because,  when  the  photograph  was  taken,  the  upper 
end  of  the  radial  arm  was  not  close  up  to  the  board,  but  must 
have  been  hanging  away  slightly  from  it. 

•  Maker  :  W.  H.  Harlinp,  47,  Finebury  Pavement,  London,  E.G.    • 


Vol.72.  No.i,8.v,  FEnRUAUYT.  191!.]     THE    KLEOTRICAL    REVIEW. 


289 


7 1 .  So  much  for  leiKjth  and  sjned  viiluoa  between  2  and  5, 
and  bcLwcon  .0  and  10.  What  pnivisioii.  then,  is  to  be  made; 
for  values  between  zoro  and  2  '^  A.s  fur  m  viilueH  0  to  1  arc 
conccriiecl,  these  niitiirttlly  will   be  the  Hiiinc  m  those  from 

0  to  10,  any  dilTercnce  depending'  merely  on  the  position  of  a 
decimal   point.     What   me  wanted  are  tlie  values  between 

1  and  2. 

72.  Hence,  on  the  calculator  board  shown  in  (if(.  fi, 
which,  to  fu(Mlitate  the  verificution  of  co-ordinates,  is  fitted 
with  horizontal  and  vertical  'cur.-ior  threads,  an  cjlni  sfl  of 
vertical  and  horizontal  a.xes,  also  diaj^onals,  have  i)een  pro- 
vided on  an  extended  scale. 

TaiU  wire  vertical  scale  :  1  to  2. 
Calih  horizontal  scale  :   1  to  2-(;. 

The  corresponding  diagonals  are  seen,  in  fig.  C,  to  the 
right  of  the  others. 


.  >.  On  the  other  hand,  )iupp<«iiig  that  with  a  Inut  wirit 
rate  of  '•:>  knotH,  it  Ik;  deflired  to  lay  almat  •;••'»  [jer  cent,  of 
cable  Hlack. 

(1).   l!()rizont.)d  cursor  in  placed  at  7"5. 

(2).  The  radial  arm  is  then  moved  on  '\\m  curved  baMC  till 
the  Htrai};ht-e(I(,'e  licH  alxait  half-way  lx:tween  the  0  {jer  cent. 
and  the  7  per  wnt.  diajjonals. 

(:'>).  The  verti«il  cur.Hor,  on  being  brought  to  the  inter- 
section of  radial  arm  ami  horizontid  curv)r,  is  found  to 
indicate  the  re'|uired  luble  rate,  viz.,  eight  knots. 

7(!.  Thus  it  is  seen  that  the  calcnlator-bfjard,  fig.  «;,  fulfila 
all  percentage  conditions  Ijctween  0  [jor  cent,  and  20  per 
cent.,  without  any  converging  origins. 

77.  After  what  has  gone  before,  (ig.  7  will  \xi  found  self- 
explanatory.  It  shows  a  calculator  board*  sftecially  designed 
by  the  writer  for  i)aying-out  purposes,  and  for  giving,  at  a 
glance,  for  all  types  of  cable  on  Itoard  a  ship,  the  rerjuired 


Fio.  G.      (Sectional  sheet,  reduced  from  700  mm.  X  500  mm.) 


73.  In  comiection  with  these  last,  an  e.xample  may  be 
cited. 

Supposing  fautivire  paid  out  =  130  x.m. 

Horizontal  cursor  placed  at  1-3  (see  fig.  iJ). 

Supposing  cable  paid  out  =  140  N.ii. 

Vertical  cursor  placed  at  T-l. 

Radial  thread  caused  to  cut  the  two  cursors  at  their  point 
of  intersection  is  found  to  lie  between  the  7  per  cent,  and 
8  per  cent,  diagonals.     Actual  slack  =  7*7  per  cent. 

74.  Second  example  (see  fig.  G). 

Let  taut  wire  be  going  out  at  7'5  knots. 
Horizontal  cursor  placed  at  7*5. 
Let  cable  be  going  out  at  eight  knots. 
Vertical  cursor  placed  at  8'0. 

Straight-edge  of  radial  arm  brought  to  traverse  point  of 
intersection  is  found  to  coincide  with  a  position  a  little  over 
half-way  between  the   G   per  cent,   and  the   7  per    cent. 


Actual  slack  s  6'G  per  cent. 


cable-drum  revs,  jier  minute  corresponding  with  any  likely 
rate  of  laying  that  might  be  adopted. 

78.  Below  the  horizontal  cable  scale  is  a  space  into  which, 
for  any  cable-laying  expedition,  may  be  pinned  a  fresh  table 
of  corrected  drum  revs,  per  minute  values,  so  written,  and 
arranged,  that  the  several  sets  of  values  for  the  various  cable 
types  on  board,  lie  in  line  with  the  corresponding  graduations 
of  the  cable  knots  horizontal  scale. 

79.  The  afore-mentioned  table  would  be  based  on  a 
formula  developed  from  data  given  in  3G  and  37 — 

Tx  .     .  cable  N.M.  per  hour 

Drum  revs,  per  mmute  =  - — ~ — r-^ 

1  drum-rev.  in  x.M.  x  GO 

(all  values  corrected,  see  3G  and  37"). 

80.  In  fig.  7  (on  the  extra  slip  of  canvas  paper  pinned  in 
afresh  for  each  expedition)  there  are  drum-reii.  yer  >■<■■} ■rv't 
columns  given  for  eight  different  cable  types. 


*  Made  by  W.  H,  Harling,  of  47,  Finsbary  PaTement,  London,  E.O 


Li^40 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.  1,837,  febbuaby  7, 1913 


■^1.  The  positions  (as  shown  in  lig.  7)  of  the  tliread- 
cursors  afford  an  examplt>  of  the  general  working  of  tliis 
calculator  board. 

117/ <;  going  out  at  11?>'3  measuring-wheel  rcrs.  per  mi)}. 
^  7-1  knots  :  sp«'ed  of  sliip. 

ilorizoutal  cursor  at  7'1. 

C'alik  type  B  going  out  at  l.j-7druni  rcrs.  /ii-,t»iii.  =  <S'l 
knots.     Vertical  cursor  at  ^"1. 

The  two  cursor  threads  arc  then  seen,  at  a  glance,  to 
intersect  on  the  cable-slack  diagonal  of  14  per  cent. 

82.  Conversely,  if  with  irire  going  out  at  7-1  knots,  it 
be  desired,  for  certain  reasons,  to  lay  over  a  particular  part 
of  the  cable  route,  slack  to  the  extent  of  14  per  cent.,  the 
?«■/■<•  horizontal  cursor  is  placed  at  7-1  and  the  rab/e  vertical 
cursor  is  brought  to  the  point  of  intersection  between  the 
horizontal  cursor  and  the  14  per  cent,  diagonal.  The 
vertical  cursor  then  automatically  indicates  not  only  the 
necessary  cable  rate  in  knots,  for  any  cable  type,  but  also, 
the  corresponding  drinn-revi.  jirr  urin.  necessary  to  produce 
that  same  paying-out  rate. 

83.  If  the  graph  method  involved  in  fig.  4  be  nsed 
(see  38)  the   1  drum-rev.  in  the  formula  (see  79)  is  left 


where  along  the  cork   strips  let  into   the  calculator-board 
frame. 

Sf).  "With  the  scales,  sectional  lines,  figures,  and  data 
available,  innumerable  changes  may  be  rung  by  means  of 
these  calculator  boards,  in  the  manipulation  of  percentage 
and  other  figures. 

{To  he  ron/iiiun/.) 


LEGAL. 


Interesting  Tkamway  Case  at  Bbadfoeu. 

At  the  Bradford  City  Police  Court  on  Friday,  the  Stipendiary 
Magistrate  (Mr.  H.  W.  W.  Wilberforce)  delivered  judpment  in  a  case 
in  which  a  man  travellinEf  on  a  Leeds  Corporation  car  was  summoned 
for  ucinp  obscene  language.  The  Stipendiary  Magistrate  said  :  "This 
summons  alleges  a  breach  by  the  defendant  of  one  of  the  Tramway 
By-Laws  of  the  Bradford  Corporation,  in  using  obscene  language 
upon  a  tramcar.  The  facts  are  not  really  in  dispute,  but  the 
question  arises  whether  the  by-laws  apply  to  a  particular  ttamcar 


Fig.  7.      (Sectional  sheet  reduced  from  700  mm.  x  500  mm.") 


uncorrected     for     cahh    cinuivfirtnce,    and    the     formula 
becomes  : — 

1, .     „  ■  cable  X..M.  per  hour 

1  'rum-revs,  per  min.  = . 

1  drum-rev.  in  n.m.  x  (JO 

One  siiiyle  table,  in  that  case,  would  suffice  for  all  types 
of  cable  (tee  >iO)  the  correction  for  cable  circumference  being 
applied  at  the  final  stage,  by  means  of  data  obtained  from 
the  curve  in  fig.  4,  in  the  manner  shown  in  38  and  43. 

84.  In  practice  the  cursor  threads  are  best  made  of  the 
finest  /e^Z-silk-covered  elastic. 

In  fig.  6  the  cursor  threads  are  adjusted  by  brass  attach- 
ments sliding  along  rods. 

A  preferable  and  more  simple  method  of  adjusting  the 
cnraors  is  shown  in  fig.  7.  The  threads  are  attached  to 
glass  '*  photographic  "  pins  easily  inserted,  at  pleasure,  any- 


upon  which  the  obscene  language  wu8  used.  The  car  was  the 
property  of  the  Leeds  Corporation,  and  was  running  upon  Bradford 
tramlines  in  pursuance  of  an  agreement  between  the  two  Corpora- 
tions entered  into  under  the  authority  of  Sec.  12  of  the  Bradford 
Act,  1899.  (Sec.  12 — "'The  Corporation  on  the  one  hand,  and  the 
owner  and  Ipssee  of  any  trams  or  light  railway  in  any  adjacent 
district  which  can  be  worked  with  any  of  the  Corporation  trams  on 
the  other  hand,  may  from  time  to  time  enter  into  and  carry  into  force 
contracts  and  agreements  with  respect  to  the  purchase,  sale,  lease, 
working  or  management  and  maintenance  by  the  contracting 
parties,  of  all  or  any  of  their  respective  tramways,  light  railways  and 
works,  or  any  part  or  parts  thereof  respectively  ;  the  making  of  all 
necessary  junctions,  the  oupply  under  any  agreement  for  all  or  any 
of  the  respective  tramways  or  light  railways  of  the  contracting 
parties  being  worked  by  the  other  of  them  as  aforesaid,  and  rolling 
stock,  plant,  machinery  and  electrical  energy  or  power  necessary  for 
the  purpose  of  such  agreement  ;  the  appointment  and  removal  of 
officers  and  servants  the  payments  to  be  made  and  the  conditions 
to  be  performed  in  respect  of  such  working  or  management  and 
maintenance  ;  the  interchange,  accommodation,  conveyance,  trans- 


Vol.71.'.  No.  i,887,fi.:huuauv7,  iiuMi   THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.' 


'241 


iniHsidii  iind    dolivory   of  trivdlo,  uoiniiiif   from  or  (li'Htin(!(i   for  Iho 
reHp<«;livo  iindt'rtiikiriKH  of  tho  coiitriictiiiK'  parlifH,  uikI  thiMliviTHioii 
iiiiii  itpporlionmeiit  of  thd  rovuniic  ariHiiiir  from  miicIi  tralllo  ami  thi- 
paynietit  of  any  lixoil  or  <:OlltiIl^,'(^t)t  rent.   )     Tin-  point,   waM,  there- 
fore, can  thiH  tranioar,  althoutfli  tlio  properly  of  tho  FifnlM  (Corpora- 
tion, bo  Maid  to  bo  a  carriat^o  b<floiii,'intf  to  tho  |{ru<tford  (Jorfiorution, 
within  tho  nioanin^  of  tlioHoolion  of  tho  Act  of  IH7().    Itnwd  hardly 
bo  uaid  that  it  would   bo.  tho   hoipfht  of  abHurdity  tliat  a  tramway 
passontrer  in  Bradford   who   lindH   hiniHolf  in   a  oar  which  hapiionH 
to  be  the  jiroperty  of  tho  LeodH  Corporation   running'  in  Hra<lford, 
Hhould    therefore    ho    able    to   commit    nuisancer   with    impunity. 
Still,  thiH  absurdity,  if  it   oxiHtcd,  would    not  be  due  to  the  Act  of 
1870,  which  neither   contemplated   nor  authoriso<l  the  MubHci|uont 
dovelopmont   of    municipal   ontorpriKe,     but   to    omiHHions    in   the 
various   private   Acts,   which    Hanctioned    this  development.     This 
consideration,  accordingly,  is  irrelevant  to  the  interpretation  of  the 
languuvce  of  the  nection.     Now,  lookinjf  to  the  words  tliemtelves, 
it  is  to  be  said  tliat  in  their  ordinary  use  "  belonijintf  to '"  may  bear 
a  variety  of   meanings,  ran^ini,'  from  absolute  owners-hip  to  a  con- 
nection   or   relation   of   a   very    much  sli^htor  kind,  and    in   this 
particular  section  tho  meaning  cannot,  I   think,  he  limited  to  abso- 
lute   ownership.      l''or  instance,    if    a    car    were    hire.l,    whether 
on     a    hire-purchase     airreement,    or     for     a     period,      by     tho 
Bradford    Corporation   from    the    makers,    and    not    bought    out- 
riffht,    such    a    car    would,     I    take    it,  be    within    the  meanintr 
of   the  section.     So,    too,    if    a    car  is    lent    on    approval    to    the 
Corporation.    Considerations  of  this  kind  ecem  to  me  to  pfive  to  the 
words  a  meaning   in  this  section  rather  of  possession  and  control 
than  of  ownership,  and  accordingly  it  becomes  necessnry  to  inquire 
what  was  the  position  of  the  Bradford  Corporation  in  reference  to 
this  particular  car.     Broadly  speaking-,  the  result  of  the  agreement 
between  the  two  cities  as  to  cars,  the  property  of  Leeds,  running  in 
Bradford,    is  that   Bradford  pays  the  working  expenses  of  the  car, 
receives  the  fares,  and  has  control  of  the  car  and  the  nifnin  charge 
of  it.   I  do  not  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  these  cars  are  alluded  to  in 
the  agreement  as  ''  belonging  to  Leeds,"  and  that  claims  for  damage 
caused  by  the  cars,  or  those  in  charg'e  of  them,  are  to  be  satisfied  by 
Leeds.      Looking,    however,   to   the    agreement    as  a    whole,    the 
possession  and  control  of  this  car  was,  in  my  opinion,  clearly  with 
the  Bradford  Corporation.     That  being  so,  although  my  opinion  has 
wavered,  and  I  regret  that  the  case  has  not  been  argued  on  the  other 
Bide,  I  come  to  the  conclusion  that  this  possersion  and  control  brings 
the  tramcar   in   question   within  Sec.  4()  of  the   Act  of  1870,  and 
therefore  within  the   similar,   though  not  identical,  words  of  the 
Corporation    by-laws.      There    will,    accordingly,  be  a   conviction. 
Defendant  will  be  fined  2s.  6d.  and  IBs.  coats. 


Baknsley  Corporation 


Barnsley  Motok  Omnibus  Co., 
Ltd. 


At  the  Barnsley  County  Court  last  week,  the  plaintiffs  sued 
defendants  for  £25  damages  done  to  an  electric  switch-box.  The 
case  occupied  considerable  time.  It  appeared  that  on  the  night  of 
October  24th  last  a  taxi-cab  belonging  to  defendants  collided  with 
an  electric  pillar-box.  The  street  was  27  ft.  wide.  The  cab  struck 
the  box  in  avoiding  a  tramcar.  Imme3ii.tely  the  box,  which  con- 
tained the  electric  main  for  the  town's  lighting  system,  was 
struck,  the  wire  fused,  and  the  whole  town  was  plunged  into 
darkness  for  a  time.  The  defendants  had  maintained 
that  the  cause  of  the  mishap  was  the  state  of  the 
tramway.  It  was  stated,  however,  that  the  borough  engineer  had 
examined  the  site  and  found  that  the  condition  of  the  tramway 
was  such  that  it  could  not  even  be  a  contributing  cause  to  the 
accident.  The  defendants  pleaded  that  the  affair  was  a  pure 
accident,  owing  to  the  greas.y  state 'of  the  road,  and  the  onus  was 
on  the  Corporation  to  show  that  there  had  been  negligence.  At 
this  point,  near  a  dangerous  corner,  it  was  the  practice  of  motor- 
drivers  to  drive  in  the  middle  of  the  road,  and  very  properly  so. 
They  maintained  that  the  wheels  of  the  taxi-cab  caught  in  the 
tramline,  and  the  cab  skidded  into  the  pillai-box.  Hia  Lordship 
eventually  gave  judgment  for  the  defendants,  with  costs. 


The  Graetzin  Lamp  Agency  .Iudgment. 

In  our  summary  of  the  judgment  in  this  case  last  week,  an  error 
occurred  in  the  first  five  lines  on  page  176.  What  should  have 
been  reported  will  be  gathered  from  the  following  extract  which 
we  have  made  from  a  verbatim  copy  of  the  judgment  that  we  have 
since  seen  :— 

"  If  I  should  be  wrong  In  holding  that  the  interpretation  of  the 
contract  is  governed  by  German  law,  I  should  have  held  at  English 
law  that  the  ilefendatits  had  no  right  to  cancel  the  first  contract  of 
Erupka  ^V:  Jacoby,  so  as  to  avoid  paying  the  plaintiff  commission 
on  the  guaranteed  sums  ;  that  they  had  no  right  to  make  the 
contract  of  February,  1912,  without  the  plaintiff's  consent." 


Collision  between  Tramcar  and  Motor-Car. 

In  the  King's  Bench  Division  on  January  31st,  Mr.  Justice  Bucknill 
and  a  special  jury  concluded  the  hearing  of  an  action  in  which  Mr. 
Leslie  Montague  Sarll,  formerly  of  Richmond  and  now  of  Chelsea, 
claimed  damages  from  the  London  United  Tramways,  Ltd.,  for 
injury  to  his  motor-oar  by  a  collision  with  one  of  the  defendants" 
tramcara.  The  accident  happened  on  February  10th  of  last  year, 
under  a  railway  arch  which  crosses  the  Kingston  and  Maiden  Road 
in  Surrey,  the  roadway  under  which  is  not  sufficiently  wide  for 


ordinary  viihicli^s  to  pomi  a  tr»mcttr,  and  ea/:h  party  rj)nt/:n'M  that 
the  olhor  oii^ht  to  have  glv«ii  way. 

Thii  ((iioMlioii  waH  <intir<ily  one  of  liability,  th<!  amount  of  damig<- 
dono  littvint,'  !><•«  ri  agrood  Ixitwiivn  the  partiiTM  at  ti'l'il  in  r<-«|My;t  of 
tho  plaintill'rt  motor -cur,  and  £1  I  :tH.  in  ri*p«<;t  of  th«  tramuir,  for 
which  tho  dofondantn  oount4-rolaimed. 

The  jury,  in  tho  ronnit,  found  for  tbo  plaintiff  on  both  claim  and 
counterclaini,  exprcHsing  an  opinion  that  tho  motor-car  wan  und>T 
tho  archway  Iwforo  tho  tramcrar. 


OsiiAM  Lamp  Co.,  Ltk.,  r.  Tiik  obo  F,,amp  Co.,  Ltd. 

I.N  the  Chancery  Division  on  Friday,  .fanaary  SIbI,  .Mr.  .luHtice 
Swinfon  Kody  had  before  him  a  motion  in  this  action. 

Mil.  Gray  stated  that  it  was  a  motion  to  reotrain  an  alleged 
infringement  of  patent  rightc.  The  purtiex,  howev,-.r,  aiiked  for  a 
week's  adjournment,  defondantn  undertaking  not  to  commit  the 
a(^ls  complained  of  during  that  time. 

His  LoRD.HHiP  :  Very  well. 


The  Sinoai'oriv  Electric  Tramways,  Ltd. 

On  a  petition  by  this  company,  Mr.  Justice  Joyce  in  the  Chancery 
Division  sanctioned  a  reduction  of  its  capital  from  £100,000  to 
£  100,000.  It  was  stated  that  the  difference  between  those  two  sums 
was  the  amount  of  capital  lost  or  unrepresented  by  available  aaaetii, 
and  the  reduction  woh  to  be  accomplished  by  reducing  the  £1 
shares  to  shares  of  ~>b.  each. 

Mr.  Hughes,  K.C,  and  Mr.  J.  VV.  II.  Holmes  appeared  in  support 
of  the  petition,  and  there  was  no  opposition. 


Smith  r.  Stanton  Iron  Works  Co.  Collierie?,  Ltd. 

The  Master  of  the  Rolls  and  Lords  J  ustices  Buckley  and  Hamilton 
heard  an  appeal  by  the  dependants  of  Wilfrtd  Smith,  a  boy  of  l."), 
from  the  refusal  of  the  Judge  of  the  Mansfield  County  Court  to 
make  an  award  against  the  company  in  respect  of  the  boy's  death, 
on  the  ground  that  the  accident  causing  death  did  not  arise  out  of, 
or  in  course  of,  his  employment. 

Mr.  Ward  (for  appellants)  said  that  the  lad  was  employed  as 
"electric  motor  driver,"  and  had  to  work  in  a  shed  27i  ft.  long  : 
at  one  end  was  a  motor  switchboard,  which  the  boy  worked 
according  to  signal.  Another  part  of  his  duty  was  to  oil  and  clean 
an  engine  in  the  shed  when  it  was  at  rest.  The  boy  was  found 
dead  on  the  cog-wheel  of  the  electric  motor.  Counsel  submitted 
that  it  ought  to  be  presumed  that  he  met  his  death  in  the  course 
of  his  employment,  either  in  oiling  or  cleaning  the  engine. 

The  Court  dismissed  the  appeal  without  calling  on  the  other 
side,  and  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  said  that  no  fact  had  been 
found  in  the  case  which  would  justify  the  inference  that  the 
unfortunate  accident  arose  out  of  the  boy's  employment.  The 
explanations  put  forward  on  behalf  of  appellants  were  mere 
guesswork,  and  that  was  not  enough. 


Post  Office  Telephone  Charges.— Customers'  Complaints. 

In  the  City  of  London  Court,  on  .January  30th,  the  Postmaster- 
General  sued  the  British  Motor-Cab  Co.,  Ltd.,  Pimlico,  for  £4, 
balance  for  removing  a  switchboard  from  one  room  to  another. 

Mr.  L.  C.  Bullock,  defendants'  solicitor,  said  that  one  of  the 
Postmaster-General's  responsible  officials  obtained  an  undertaking 
from  the  defendants  under  misrepresentations.  A  verbal  price  of 
£2  to  £3  was  given,  and  yet  the  Postmaster-General  charged  £7. 

Mr.  Macintyre,  for  the  Postmaster-General,  said  there  was  no 
doubt  that  an  estimate  of  £2  to  £3  was  given,  but  before  the  work 
was  done  defendants  were  required  to  give  an  undertaking  to  pay 
the  charges,  whatever  they  were,  as  they  could  not  be  determined 
before  the  work  was  done.  It  was  a  large  switchboard  that  had  to 
be  removed.  In  the  ordinary  course  the  cost  would  have  been  £17, 
and  the  Postmaster  had  charged  £7. 

Mr.  Bullock  said  that  the  engineer  to  the»Post  Office  specififd 
that  the  cost  would  be  £3  at  the  outside. 

Mr.  Wey.man,  the  engineer,  said  that  the  work  was  delayed  at  th^ 
request  of  the  defendants,  and  that  increased  the  cost.  'There  was 
no  standard  price  for  removing  a  switchboard.  An  undertaking 
always  had  to  be  given  to  prevent  the  public  having  to  pay  for  the 
delays  of  subscribers.  At  first  they  charged  £9,  and  then  reduced 
it  to  £7. 

Judge  Rentoul  said  it  was  a  question  whether  the  defendants 
had  not  been  misled  unintentionally  eis  to  the  amount. 

Mr.  Bullock  said  they  would  not  have  had  the  work  done  had 
they  known  it  was  to  cost  £7.     They  had  paid  £3. 

Mr.  JIacinty^re  urged  that  the  Crown  was  not  bound  by  what  a 
servant  chose  to  say.  The  engineer  was  pressed  to  give  a  figure, 
and  said  £3.  He  had  no  authority  to  quote  a  price.  That  was  why 
the  undertaking  was  re<\uired. 

Judge  Rentoul  said  he  had  never  known  Mr.  Macintyre  to  ba 
wiong  before.     He  was  on  that  occasion. 

Judgment  for  the  defendants,  with  costs,  with  leave  !o  appeal. 


242 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REYIEW.     [voi.72.  no.i,837,februaby7.i918. 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 


New  G.E.C.  Balancer  Starter. 

The  GeKEBAi,  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  recently  desif^ned  a 
special  type  of  starter  which  possesses  several  orieinal  features,  and 
avoids  the  use  of  a  no-volt  release.    The  new  arrangement  consists 


unique  in  construction  and  desijrn.  The  main  feature  is  a  springr- 
influenced  cam  with  a  double-fly  action.  The  springs  are  in  tension 
durinfr  the  initial  movement  of  the  dolly  in  either  direction,  and 
then  re-act  through  the  cam,  to  force  the  switch-arm  into  or  away 
from  the  contacts,  irrespective  of  any  further  movement  of  the 
dolly.  These  sprintrs  also  serve  to  lock  the  switch  in  both  "on" 
and"  off  "  positions.  The  switch  has  an  easy  action,  and  it  is  im- 
possible to  pet  an  intermediate  position.  The  switch  cannot  be  held 
in  partial  contact  by  the  operator.  The  action  of  the  switch  has 
been  covered  by  letters  patent. 


Fig.  1.— G.E.C.  Patent  Balascer  Starter. 

of  a  main  switch  which  is  interlocked  with   a  starter,  so  as  to 
ensure  the  following'  sequence  of  operations  : — 

1.  That  the  starter  must  be  in  the  "off"  position  before  the  main 
switch  is  closed. 

2.  If  the  main  switch  is  opened  when  the  starter  is  in  the  full 
"on  '  or  any  intermediate  position,  it  cannot  again  be  closed  until 
the  starter  arm  is  moved  to  the  "  off  '  position. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  dangers  connected  with  the  '  no- 
volt  '  type  of  balancer  starter  will  be  obviated. 

Distribution  Boxes. 

We  illustrate  in  fig.  2  one  of  a  line  of  distribution  boxes,  which 
has  been  developed  by  Messes.  A.  Reyrolle  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Hebburn- 
on-Tyne,  to  meet  the  Home  Office  Regulations.  The  boxes  are  of 
stout  cast  iron,  fitted  with  latched  doors,  and  the  range  of  sizes 
runs  from  a  single-way  2.">-ampere  box  up  to  a  nine-way  400-ampere 
box.  The  fuse  handles  are  of  the  firm's  well-kuown  patent  self- 
aligning  type,  and,  as  we  recently  explained,  these  are  not  now 


Fio.  2.— Reybolle  Distribution  Bo.x. 


fitted  with  buttons  on  the  front,  thus  removing  what  might  have 
been  a  source  of  danger  in  the  event  of  a  button  breaking.  The 
space  between  the  porcelains  of  the  individual  fuse  handles  is 
fitted  with  insulating  screens,  and,  where  different  poles  or  phases 
are  brought  into  the  same  box,  vertical  screens  are  fitted. 

>'ew  Wandsworth  Switches. 

The  Wandsworth  Electrical  Manuiactubino  Co.,  Ltd.,  of 
Ladgate  Hill,  Birmingham,  have  recently  introduced  a  new  switch — 
the  Al — which  is  shown  In  the  "  on "  and  "  off  "  positions  in 
fig.  3.      The  movement  of  thia  Bwitch  is  new  in  principle,  and 


Fig.  3.  lie.  I. 

New  Wandsworth  Switch  and  Switch-Plug. 

A  further  combination  of  switch  Al  with  an  ordinary  plug  r.nd 
socket,  fig.  I,  is  so  arranged  that  the  action  of  pushing  the  plug 
into,  or  withdrawing  it  from,  the  socket  automatically  moves  the 
switch  to  the  required  position.  As  in  switch  A 1,  it  can  never  be 
held  or  left  in  such  a  position  as  to  make  only  partial  contact. 
There  is  no  intermediate  position  between  "  on  "  and  "  off."  The 
circuit  is  automatically  mnde  and  broken  by  the  switch  and  not  by 
the  plug.  It  can  be  fitted  with  an  earthing  device  if  required.  This 
combination  switch  plug  has  also  been  patented. 

The  "Indra"  System  of  Lighting. 

The  "Indra  ■  patent  system  of  light  distribution,  which  is  being 
introduced  by  the  Electrical  En(;ineehin(;  and  Ecjuipment  Co., 
Ltd.,  109  111,  New  Oxford  Street,  W.,  is  a  mode  of  lighting 
whereby  a  very  high  general  illumination  can  be  secured,  or  the 
light  can  be  directed  to  illuminate  brilliantly  a  given  area  without 
the  eye  strain  consequpnt  upon  the  use  of  naked  lamps  and 
reflectors.  In  the  "  Indra '"  system  the  actual  source  of  light  is  not 
seen,  yet  the  bulk  of  the  light  is  directly  reflected  through  clear 
glass,    A  simple  fitting  con^sts  of  a  com.blnation   of  specially 


Fig.  5.— Sectiok  oi"  "Indra"  Fitting. 


designed  upper  reflector  and  lower  distributor.  The  upper  reflector 
is  preferably  of  opal  glass,  but  where  the  whole  of  the  light  is 
required  in  a  downward  direction,  an  aluminium  reflector  is  supplied. 
The  lower  plate  (fig.  6)  is  provided  with  alternating  rings  of  clear 
and  etched  glass, 

As  is  well  known,  the  bnlk  of  the  rays  of  light  from  metal" 


Vol.71.'.    No.  i,8;)7,  fkiiuiiaky  7,  i;)i:i.  I       iT^f     F!  rF»7T'Kvi  »',/•.  i      r.\"lVY 


2i:i 


flinmtmt  liiiiipB  ttrn  ciiiitlcd  at  ri({lit  iiiiifli^H  lo  llu^  (ilitnii'iit.  Tlieno 
rayH  (l>)  Htriko  tho  rclltotor,  niiil  iirii  (iircctcd  lliroui^li  th(i  cinar 
IflaPK  riiinH  of  tho  distrihiitor.  Tho  rnyw  («)  whioh  Htriko  tho  diH 
tributor  iliroct  iiro  dilVufid  through  tlio  traiiHliicont  or  etched  ((Imh 
riii(fH,  HO  that  a  vory  hit;h  Koiioral  illmnination  Ih  Hoourcd  without 
oyo  Htrain.  From  photoinotrio  toHtH  which  have  bocn  carriiid  out, 
it  is  i'ound  that  tho  ilhmiination  in  much  Kr^ator  when  tho 
"  Indra  "  (ittinp  iw  uHod  than  that  from  an  ordinary  lamp  with 
refloctor,  tho  eyo  iw  not  blinded  by  tlio  brilliant  i;lare,  and  tho 
(fcnoral  illumination  is  far  Huporior. 

The  fittinRs  aro  arranged  to  meet  all  poHHiblc  requiremcntH  of 
lightintr  ;  thoy  can  lie  Buppliod  to  focuH  the  licht  on  a  Riven  upot 
or  to  Hpread  it  over  a  dcHircd  area,  or  to  pive  a  Rcncral  illumination, 
and  are  made  up  in  deMiRns  suitable  for  all  applicationx.  They 
are  supplied  in  various  sizes,  from  8  in.  to  20  in.,  and  ore  suitablo 
for  metal-filament  lamps  rantjinp  from  50  to  1,000  c.r, 

Aiitoiiiatic  Chnng^o-ovor  Snitch. 

Half  the  benefit  of  a  duplicate  supply  of  electricity  to  a  theatre 
or  other  public  building-  is  lost  if  an  appreciable  interval  of  time 
elapses  between  the  failure  of  one  and  the  switchinp-on  of  the 
other  system,  and,  where  tho  change-over  is  etfected  by  hand,  f  iich 
an  interval  i.s  inevitable — it  may  be  of  several  minutes'  duration  if 
there  is  no  switchboard  attendant.  An  automatic  device  should, 
therefore,  bo  provided  in  all  such  cases,  capable  of  acting 
instantaneously  and  transferring  the  load  to  the  sound  supply 
with  no  more  than  a  flicker  of  the  lamps  at  the  most.  Such  a 
device  has  been  developed  and  patented  by  the  Ad.\m«  Manu- 
FACTUKINO  Co.,  LTD.,  of  Bedford  ;  it  consists  essentially  of  two 
magnetically-operated  main  switches  controlled  by  a  magnetic 
relay,  and  is  applicable  to  all  cases  in  which  both  supply  systems 
are  at  the  same  voltage,  d.c.  or  A.c.  With  suitable  modifica- 
tions, cases  where  the  voltages  or  systems  are  not  identical  can  be 
dealt  with.  As  the  conditions  vary  in  each  case,  the  apparatus 
cannot  be  standardised  to  meet  all  cases,  but  is  made  up  according 
to  requirements. 


REVIEWS. 


7'he    Energij  Diagram  for   Gan. 
London  :  Constable  &  Co.,  Ltd. 


By    F.    W.    BURSTALL. 

1912.     Price  5s.  net. 


This  is  a  novel  presentation  of  the  energy  diagram,  with 
special  reference  to  nitrogen,  because  the  specific  heat  of  this 
gas  varies  directly  with  temperature,  and  that  of  other  gases 
can  be  found  by  the  formula  K  times  molecular  weight  = 
constant.  The  units  are  English,  except  for  temperature, 
and  so  it  happens  that  the  bastard  figure  of  1,400  is  favoured 
for  J. 

Everyone  knows  the  ordinary  j)  r  diagram  for  gas.  It  is 
easy  to  explain,  especially  with  the  indicator  as  an  aid,  for 
the  ordinates  so  obviously  mean  pressure,  as  drawn  by  the 
instrument,  and  the  engine  draws  in  its  own  volumetric 
abscissie.  But  the  energy  curve  is  too  much  of  an  abstract 
idea  for  most  men,  and  it  almost  seems  that  the  men  who 
could  profit  by  this  book  are  those  who  could  have  written 
it.  It  has  involved  an  immense  amount  of  work,  and  will 
doubtless  be  of  service  to  those  who  can  use  it,  but  those  will 
be  comparatively  few.  But  possibly  they  will  be  as  many 
as  the  author  looks  for.  To  the  academic  variety  of  author 
accustomed  to  the  daily  use  of  the  higher  mathematics,  the 
ignorance  of  mathematics  of  the  average  engineer,  and  his 
clumsiness  in  using  it,  is  either  an  unknown  quantity,  or  it  is 
beneath  contempt.  One  of  these  mental  attitudes  possibly 
stands  behind  the  fact  that  there  is  no  list  of  symbols.  The 
reader  is  supposed  to  know  what  is  meant  by  all  those  which 
are  employed.  If  this  book  was  intended  to  be  used  by 
engineers  generally,  every  symbol  ought  to  have  been  defined. 
Instead,  the  first  page  starts  off  with  the  symbol  Kp  Kj,,  only 
to  be  known  by  inference.  p,  v  and  t  are  more  obvious, 
but  what  of  a,  b,  s,  s  ?     Why  define  }>,  i\,  v^,  and  omit  r  .' 

The  fact  is  that  these  energy  diagrams  are  outside  the 
unassisted  ken  of  ordinary  mortals,  and  authors  will  not 
assist  such. 

The  ordinary  engineer  can  understand  the  indicator  dia- 
gram, and  knows  that  the  hyperbola  is  so  near  to  the  actual 
steam  expansion  curve  that  an  engine  will'  do  a  little  more 
work  than  hyperbolic  false  theory  teaches.  He  knows  that 
adiabatic  expansion  falls  below  the  hyperbola,  and  he  can 
find  out  pretty  closely  what  is  really  going  on  in  an 
engine.  Cannot  the  present  author  state  in  plain  language 
just  how  the  energy  diagram  is  applicable  to  practical 
conditions  f 

How  does  the  applier  need  to  take  cognisance  of  cylinder 
effects  in  the  steam  engine  or  the  worse  jacket  cooling  effects 


(if  tho  gas  engine.'  If  the  (liagram  Ih  Uj  <;<)me  into  real 
UHO,  it  miiHt  Ix!  fully  e.Tplainwl  for  the  Ixinr-fit  of  th'jse  who, 
if  not  mental  gynmaHtn,  aro  Hound  enoogli  engin»ern,  for 
steflni  engine  (r<»n()niy  has  not  Ix^en  brought  alxjut  by  miithe- 
maticH,  but  by  the  apjilicution  of  simple  ol^.-rvation.  The 
diagrumH  with  which  thr;  bf)ok  in  illustriiled  are  not  torj  eaay 
U)  nad,  being  ii  mas-s  of  curven  and  figurCH.  Y'<-t  the  author 
places  the  dftHcription  of  lig.  I  on  one  page  and  the  diagram 
on  the  buck  of  that  jiuge.  The  reader  cannot  even  tear  the 
page  out  for  convenience.  Fig.  5  Ih  on  page  18,  itH  descrip- 
tion on  pages  14  tf>  17.  Fig.  »;  on  page  KJ  fiuyi-.n  the 
description,  as  all  should.  These  diagrams  should  all  Ik; 
plates  to  lie  wholly  l)eyond  the  Ixjok  when  opened  out.  With- 
out such  an  aid  no  studi;nt  can  follow  either  diagrams,  or 
description  without  eyestrain  and  worry.  If  it  Ix;  argued 
that  the  Ixjok  is  nf)t  intended  for  such  as  ainnot  follow  its 
matter  with  facility  we  may  cease  complaint. 

Let  it  be  added  that  the  value  of  the  specific  heat  of 
nitrogen  is  that  of  Ilolborn  and  Henning,  as  given  by  the 
formula  k;;  =  0-224G  -I-  0-00003«  T  and  K„  =  0-1.041  -I- 
()'0000;iH  T.  The  connection  between  pressure,  volume  and 
temperature  is  i'  v  =  '.)8-8(;  T.  r,  of  course,  is  absolute. 
The  energy  chart  has  been  constructed  so  that  all  calculations 
in  connection  with  the  internal-combustion  engine  can  be 
made  with  a  pair  of  compasses. 

The  indicator  diagram  is  transferred  to  the  energy  diagram 
by  multiplying  the  volumes  of  the  indicator  diagram  by  a 
factor  which  is  the  reciprocal  of  the  charge  weight.  To 
explain  his  book,  the  author  considers  a  series  of  heat-engine 
cycles  that  have  been  employed  and  some  of  which  are  still 
employed.  He  also  explains  the  large  diagram  for  nitrogen 
which  is  folded  in  a  pocket  in  the  back  cover.  This  large 
diagram  carries  the  adiabatic  curves  from  r  =  ;!00^  C.  to 
1,600"  C.  There  is  a  curve  of  specific  heat  and  scales 
of  velocities,  thermal  units  and  absolute  temperatures,  and 
also  a  curve  of  velocities.  An  excellent  little  work,  but  quite 
insufliiciently  explained  to  the  man  who  perhaps  wants  it  most, 
while  clear  enough  to  him  who  could  have  written  it,  like 
the  author  himself. 


Primpr  of  Srientific  Maufi/emcnt.     By  Frank  B.  Gilbreth. 
1912.     London  :  Constable  &  Co.,  Ltd.     I'rice  4s.  net. 

This  book  has  been  written  as  a  reply  to  the  enormous 
number  of.  inquiries  following  the  publication  of  "The 
Principles  of  Scientific  ]Management,"  by  Dr.  F.  W.  Taylor, 
in  the  "  American  ]\Iagazine "  ;  and  it  is  arranged  in  the 
form  of  answers  to  representative  questions  concerning  the 
methods  put  forward  by  this  well-known  authority.  It  is 
practically  a  defence  of  Dr.  Taylor's  system,  and,  we  may 
add,  a  very  convincing  one  ;  at  any  rate,  such  will  be  the 
case  as  regards  the  employer.  To  convert  the  British  work- 
man, the  subject  will  have  to  be  dealt  with  in  simpler 
language. 

General  principles  only  are  considered,  and  they  are 
applicable  to  any  industry  in  which  piecework  is  practicable. 

The  opinion  that  the  details  of  the  American  system  of 
management  are  needlessly  complex  is  widespread  in  this 
country,  but  that  the  general  principles  are  correct  and 
worthy  of  study  will  be  freely  admitted  by  all  who  have 
followed  Dr.  Taylor's  investigations  regarding  cutting 
speeds  and  other  features  of  production. 

Under  the  old  system  of  works  management  a  drawing 
was  sent  into  the  machine  shop  showing  the  finished  part, 
but  no  instructions  were  issued  as  to  how  the  work  was  to  be 
done  or  what  tools  were  to  be  used.  This  system  was  im- 
proved upon  by  the  introduction  of  jigs,  and  some  attempt 
to  provide  tools  of  the  best  form  for  cutting  various  metals 
at  the  highest  speeds,  but  the  workman  still  had  to  rely 
upon  the  foreman  and  his  own  ingenuity  to  turn  out  the 
job  in  the  quickest  way.  Then  followed  the  recording  of 
the  times  taken,  which  enabled  a  specialist  to  forecast,  to 
some  extent,  the  correct  allowance  of  time  for  new  work. 
This  was  all  very  good  in  its  way,  but  the  results  were  not 
accurate  enough  for  the  fixing  of  piecework  rates,  and  the 
men  systematically  limited  their  output  to  prevent  the 
cutting-down  of  the  prices. 

Under  tlie  Taylor  system  not  only  is  the  time  for  each 
machine  operation  very  carefully  studied,  but  also  every 
motion  made  by  the  operator  in  setting  up  the  w6rk.     This 


244 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.     [Vol.72.    No.  1,837,  February  7,  191  :s, 


timing  of  each  motion  by  stop  watches  very  naturally 
engendered  suspicion  amongst  the  men,  who  looked  upon  it 
as  preparatory  to  a  crusade  of  "  nigger -driving  "  which  only 
the  strongest  could  survive,  while  employers  condemned  the 
methods  as  l)eiiig  needlessly  costly  and  complex. 

The  results  where  the  Taylor  system  has  been  tried  have 
proved  that  the  cost  of  finding  out  the  quickest  way  to  do 
each  job  is  far  more  than  recovered  l)y  the  time  saved,  while 
the  workmen  are  enabled  to  earn  much  higher  wages  year  in 
year  out,  without  the  slightest  injury  to  their  health,  in 
fact  their  condition  has  been  actually  imjiroved.  As  regards 
this  feature,  one  aim  of  the  system  is  to  ascertain  the 
amount  of  rest  needed  to  enable  a  workman  to  keep  up  the 
speed  without  any  jwssibility  of  wearing  hinisclf  out. 

Every  employer  who  reads  this  book,  and  Dr.  Taylor's 
works  on  the  same  subject,  will  be  easily  convinced  of  the 
advantages  attaching  to  the  system  ;  the  difficulty  is  to 
make  the  nun  understand  the  benefits  accruing  to  /hem. 
This  will  be  a  slow  process  in  the  early  stages,  but  there  is 
little  doubt  that  scientific  management  on  these  lines  will 
extend  and  eventually  become  universal.  In  any  case  it  is  a 
subject  which  no  manufacturer  can  afl'ord  to  ignore,  and 
we  believe  that  Dr.  Taylor's  methods  have  already  been  very 
carefully  studied  by  a  large  number  of  manufacturing  firms 
in  this  country. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR.     1913. 

(NOT  VET  PUBLISHED.) 

Compiled  expressly  for  this  joumivl  by  Mksbbs.  W.  P.  Thompson  A  Co., 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


1,50)2.  "  Holders  for  electric  ironing-irone."  B.  Bameli.  Jnnuary  30th, 
(Complete.) 

1,563.  "  Reverse  current  or  power  cut-outs."  J.  Bootmaan,  J,  Demuau  and 
KERBAim,  Ltd.    January  20th. 

1,579.  "Electric  vulcanisers  for  tires."  B.  Kisshazy.  January  20th. 
(Complete.) 

1.591.  "Electric  motor-control  systems."  Sikmens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works, 
Ltd.,  F.  Lvdall  and  A.  M.  Dcke.    January  20th. 

1.592.  "Electrical  distant-control  systems."  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works, 
Ltd.,  F.  Lydall  and  A.  M.  Duke.    January  20th. 

1.598.  "  Electric  measurint;  instruments."  British  Thomeon-Eouston  Co. 
Ltd.,  and  A.  P.  Yovsg.    January  20th. 

1.599.  "  Electric  snitches."  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  and 
H,  C.  Heath,    January  20tb. 

1.600.  "  Electric  measuring  instruments,"  British  Thomson-Houston  Co., 
Ltd.,  and  A.  P.  yoCNO.    January  20th. 

1.617.  "  Semi-automatic  winding  machines.."  Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
(Western  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    January  20tb.    (Complete.) 

l,f>86.  "  Manufacture  of  chrome-alum  by  electrolysis."  H.  Chaumat. 
(Convention  date,  January  21th,  1912,  Prance.)    January  20th.     (Complete.) 

1,658.  "Process  of  and  means  for  forming  clay  solids  employed  in  the 
manufacture  of  insulators  and  other  articles."     W.  Podhobk.    January  21st. 


1,716.  "Telephone  systems."  E.  A.  Graham.  (Addition  to  10,677/10.) 
January  2lBt.    (Complete.) 

1,73£.  "Circuit  controlling  device."  Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
(Western  Electric  Co.,  United  SUtes.)    January  2l9t.    (Complete.) 

1,745.  "  Method  of  and  means  for  electro-plating  certain  articles."  G.  P.  M. 
Lee  and  H.  A.  Harvey  &  Co.,  Ltd.    January  22nd. 

1,765.  "Means  for  the  control  of  electric  pressure  and  current  regulators." 
W.  J.  Poole.    January  22nd,    (Complete.) 

1,776.    "  Arc-light  carbons."    H.  Ayrton.    January  23nd. 

1,776.  "  Apparatus  for  detecting  and  estimating  certain  substances  by  virtue 
of  their  polarising  or  depolaristog  action  on  an  electrical  couple."  E.  K, 
Rideal  and  U.  R.  Evans.    January  22nd. 

1,780.  "  Two-line  electric  plug  and  sockets  and  the  like."  J.  J.  CLitFOBD 
and  C.  E.  Bubell.    January  22nd. 

1,796.  "Means  for  intermittently  indicatii^g  or  displaying  the  names  of 
stations  or  stopping-places  in  trains  or  other  vehicles,  or  other  situations  or 
other  devices  or  matter  in  tucli  vehicles  or  other  situations."  C.  J.  Evans  and 
J.  M.  Cater.    (Addition  to  -lii.iW,  1911  I    January  22nd. 

1,H04.  "(Construction  of  incandescence  electric  lamps."  0.  Schaller. 
(Addition  to  16,193,  1911.  Convention  dale,  August  23rd,  1912,  Germany.) 
January  22Dd.    (Complete.) 

1,812.  "  Production  of  gases  by  electrolytic  processes."  Knowles  Oxyoen 
Co.,  Ltd.,  and  R.  W.  Grant.    January  22nd. 

1,843.  "  Process  and  devices  for  producing  in  a  continuous  manner  Riintgen 
rays,  having  any  desired  degree  of  hardness  which  can  bo  adjusted  at  a 
moment's  notice."  J.  E.  Lilienfeld.  (Addition  to  38,169, 1913.)  January  22nd. 
(Complete.) 

1,855.  "Electric  measuring  instruments."  British  Thomson  -  Houston 
Co.,  Ltd.,  and  A.  P.  YouHn.    January  22nd. 

1,857.  "  Automatic  regulators  for  level-compounding  or  over-compounding 
oo  alternating-current  citcoits."    A.  M.  Taylor.    January  22nd. 

1,895.  "  Switch  for  electric  lighting  on  a  email  scale."  Elektbomechanische 
Iiini  sTRiE  G. SI. K.B. and  F.  Hermann.    January23rd.    (Complete.) 

1,899.  "  Insulating  sectional  iron  masts."  Bikmens  Bros  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and 
G,  W.  Pr.iiRY,    January  aard.    (Complete.) 

1,902.  "Telephone  exchange  systems."  Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd, 
(Western Electric  Co.,  Belgium.)    January  23rd,    (Complete.) 

1,915.  "  Manufacture  of  tungsten."  British  Thom.sonHoubton  C3o.,  Ltd. 
(General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    January  28rd. 

1.927.  "  Automatic  electric  switch."  H.  F.  BiuoE  and  F.  R.  Btnr,  January 
23rd. 

1,9.S3.  "  Production  of  alkali  metals  by  the  molten  electrolysis  of  alkali  com 
ponods."  W.  Johnson.  (Deutsche  Gold  and  Bilber  Bcbcide  Anstalt  vorra. 
Ro         ,  Germany, 1    January  2.3rd. 


1,935.  "  Electrolytic  processcR  and  apparatus  particularlv  applicable  to  the 
production  of  alkali  compounds."     C.White.     January  aSrd. 

1,943.    '■  Electric  switches,"    Q.  Hkrse  and  W,  Zabel,    January  24th. 

1,951.  "  Magneto-electric  generating  apparatus  especially  suitable  for 
ignition  in  engines  of  motor-cycles  and  motor-cars."  A.  Q.  Uinton.  January 
24th. 

1.978.  "  Filaments  of  incandescent  electric  lamps."  E,  M.  Lacey.  January 
24  th. 

1,984.  "  Electric  quick-make  and  quick-break  vibration  proof  switch  fuses." 
R.  C.  Perfect.    January  24th. 

1,990.  "  Dynamo  machines  for  constant  output  at  various  speeds."  W.  O. 
Lek  and  P.  J.  Oldfield.     January  24th. 

1.995.  "  Receiver  (or  submarine  signalling."  Signal  G.m.b.H.  (Convention 
date,  June  1st,  1912,  Germany.)    January  24th.    (Complete.) 

1.996.  "Receiver  (or  subinarine  signalling."  Sional  G.m.b.H.  (Convention 
date,   November   30th,  1912,  Germany.)    January  24tb.    (Complete.) 

1.997.  "  Method  of  transmitting  the  effect  of  vibrations  by  wireless  tele- 
graphy."    W.  L.  CoRRY.     January  24th, 

2,001.  "  Wire  drawing."  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.  (Genera 
Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    January24th. 

2,022.    "  Telephone  systems."    E.  A.  Graham.    January  34th. 

3,027.  "  Telephone  or  like  apparatus  and  telephone  systems,"  W.  K.-L. 
Dickson.    January  34th. 

3,070.  "  Mechanism  suitable  for  use  in  connection  with  electric  switches  or 
for  other  purposes."    A.  H.  F,  Perl,    January  2Sth.? 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  285,  High  Holborn,  W.C,  and. at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1911. 


Electbio  Printing  Telegraphs.  A.  T.  M.  Johnson,  F,  H.  Varley, 
Michaelis,  Power  and  Johnson  Secret  Wireless  Telegraph  and  Telephcne 
Testing  Syndicate,  22,079.  October  6th.  (Cognate  application,  10,749  of 
1912.) 

Electric  Clocks.    C.  Vogt.    27,291.    December  6th. 


1912. 

Device  tor  the  Transmission  of  Signals  upon  Power  Transmission  Links  and 

LiGHTiNQ  Mains.    Boc.   Industrielle  des  Telephones.    412.    January  5th. 

(January  5th,  1911.) 
Telkpuone    Systems.      W.    H.    Derriman.      (Automatic    Electric    Co.)     687. 

January  9th. 
Electric  Lampholders.    G.  St.  J.  Day.    750.    January  10th. 
Electricai,  Apparatus  for  Transmitting  and  Receiving  Signals.    Sir  A.  T. 

Dawson  and  G.  T.  Buckham.     777.    January  10th. 
Apparatus  for  the  Electrolytic  Manufacture  of  Alloys  of  Light  Metals 

WITH  Heavieii  Metals,  and  the  Continuous  Tueatment  of  such  Allots 

FOB  Obtaining  Final  Products.    E.  A.  Ashcroft.    1,001.    January  12th. 
Apparatus  for  the  Electrolytic  Manufacture  of  Liomt  Metals  and  Reaction 

Products  Thereof.     K.  A.  Ashcroft.    1,003.    January  12th. 
Apparatus  fob  the  Electrolytic  Manufacture  of  Caustic  Alkalies  in  Pure 

Anhydrous  Condition.    E.  A.  Ashcroft.    1,001.    Jauuary  lilh. 
Circuit  Interruptohs  for  the  Tbanemitters  of  Electric  Telephones.    W.  A. 

Lcgau,    1,\G8.    January  15th, 
Operation  of  Direct-Cuebent  Electric  Motors,    J.  S.  Feck  and  S.  Eckmann. 

I,3t5.    January  17th. 
Eleciric  Metallurgical  Furnaces.    V.  Stobie.    2,081.    January  26th. 
Illuminated  Signs  Adaptfd  to  be  Supportid  above  the  Globe  or  like  Part 

of  an  Incandescent  Electric  Lamp.    W.  J.  Seville.    3,566,    January  31st. 

(Addition  to  229  of  1912.) 
Treatment  of  Metals.    British  Thomson-Houston  Co,    (General  Electric  Co.) 

3,752.     February  14th. 
Electric  Telephones,    L.  U.  Hammer.    4,358.  -  February  Slst. 
Construction  of  Two-WAV  Electric  SiviTcu.    G.Markt.    4,498.    February  2!nd. 
Elkctbic  Fiiotograpuio  Copying  Machines.    J,  B,  Halden.    6,278.    March  3nd. 
Means  for  Decreasing  the  In.iubious  Effects  due  to  Capacity  in  Electric 

Conductors.    F.  A.  Becker.    (>,061.    March  lltb.    (March  ISth,  1911.) 
Electric  Contkoilers.    British  ThomsonHoaslon  Co.  and  H.  C,  Hastings, 

7,704,     March  23th. 
Gripping  ami  Shearing  Grapnel  for  Raising  Submarine  Ti'.LEORArH  Cablis. 

W.  Hensman.    7,996.    April  2nd. 
Electric  Lighting  Apparatus.    F.   Dusssud.    8,087.    April  8rd.    (April  6th, 

1911.) 
Electbio  Ignition  Device  fob  Internal-Combustion  Enoines,    H,  Bauer  and 

M,  Eckmeier.    9,493.    April  22nd. 
Methods  AND  Appliances  for  Obtaining  Inptantaneous  Radiographs.    Bieiueps 

and  Halske  Akt.-Ges.    9,499.     April  22nd.     (April  21st,  1911.)  ' 

Electromagnetic  Separator  for  the  Wet  Sf.pabation  or  Ores,    Elektro- 

magnetitche  Ges.    10,619.     May  4lh.    (May  4lh,  1911.) 
Regulation  OF  Electric  Installations.     H.D.  Earl.    11,671.    MaylSlh. 
Spark  Plugs.      H.  J.  C.  Forrester.      (Marthalltown  Motor  Material  Manu- 
facturing Co.)     12,809.     May  Slst. 
Electrical  Switch  Contact  Devices.      W.   S.  Ucsfoid.     13,<E2.     June  7th. 

(September  8th,  1911.) 
Automatic   Electromagnetic  Cut-outs.     V.  Wessel  and  T.   Gysler.     14,120. 

June  nth. 
Apparatus  for  ihe  Production  op  Higu-freoufncy  Oscillating  Ccbbents, 

\'.   F.  Feeny.     (National  Wireless  Iclephtnc  and  Telegraph  Co.)    U,7S5. 

June  24th. 
Elf-ctric   Ignition    Appabatob,     B.    Rothtchild.      14,738.     June    24th.      (No- 
vember 16th,  1911.) 
Methods  for  Compensating  for  the  Fluctuations  in  the  Load  of  Electbio 

Motors,      Sicmens-Bcbuckeitwerke  Ges,      15,469.     July  2nd.     (July  8th, 

1911.) 
Maoneto-electrio  Machines.    C.  W.  Binksman.    15,704.    July  5th. 
Overhead  Contact  Conductobs  of  Electric    Railways.      Bergmann    Elek- 

tricltats-VVerke  Akt.-Ges.    16,(30.    July8tb.    (August  SSrd,  1911.) 
Electbio  Transformer  Boilers.    J.   Bally.     16,048.      July  9(h.    (July  SOth 

1911.) 
Bevolvino  Electric  Fusnack  intemifd   chiefly  for  the  Manufacture  of 

AiuMiNiuM   Nitride,      boc.   Gini'iale   des    Nitrures.      16,406.     July  18th. 

(AURiibl  4ib,  1911.     Addition  to  No.  59  299  of  191P.) 
Rotary  Magnets.    0.  T.  Blatby.     10,588.    Ju'y  15th.    (August  24tb,  1911. 
Electric  Igniters.    J.  O.  Cook.     16,664.    July  17tb. 
Device  fob  Automatically  Ad.hhtino  the  Time  of  Ignition  in  Internal- 

CoMBOsiioN   Engines  using  Maiineto-elkcthio  Ignition.     Robert  Bosoh, 

(Firm  of).     17,029.    July  23nd.    (September  ^nd,  1911.) 
Portable  Electric  Hand  Lamps.    A.H.Hunt.    17,850.    August  Ist. 


rtiE 


ELECTi^ic^L  :e^:e-v-x:hi-w. 


Vol.  LXXU. 


Ki:nHlIAKY  14,  1918. 


No.   l,KiH. 


ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


CONTENTS:  February  U,  1918. 


Intornntional  SpeciBcations 
Apprenticet-hip  Systems     ... 

A  Visit  to  Parifl        

Artificers  in  the  Koyal  Navy 
Storaee  in  Electricity  Supply 


245 
246 
246 
247 
247 


Arc  Lamps  for  the  Outside  Lighting'  of  Shops,  &c.  (i;i««.)     '.'.'.  24« 
Correspondence  : — 

Screw  Caps  for  Radiator  Lamps       -j^g 

Costs  of  Runninj,'  Small  Generating  Station          ..'.         ...  249 

Testing  the  Continuity  of  Earth  Conductors  (.illvi.)       ...  249 

Earthing  the  Neutral  (iWtt*.)             '.         ""  gSO 

The  Use  of  Electricity  and  Electrical  Accidents  in  Mines  251 

Lejral • ■  253 

Business  Notes         '"  o-'i 

Notes „g- 

City  Notes \\\         '"        '"  gfjs 

Stocks  and  Shares '"         ""  9^, 

Market  Quotations "'         *"  972 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         ""'  27S 

The  Lowest  Tender ""         ""  375 

An  Apparatus  for  Signalling  Thunderstorms  (_UIm.)  ...         ...  275 

Graphs    in  a    Cable-Ship    Drum-Room  :    Notes    for    Junior 

Assistants  (?7??/»'.)  {concluded) 276 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  .— 

The  Use  of  a  Large  Lighting  Battery  in  connection  with 

Central  Station  Supply  {iUvg.)      278 

Physical  Society           ...         ''[  281 

Institutinn  of  Electrical  Engineers ...         .'..'  281 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (ilbu.)      ...         ..,  282 

Foreign  and  Colonial  Tariffs  on  Electrical  Goods         ...         '..'.  283 

International  Electrotechnioal  Commission        ."*  283 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 \[         [[[  284 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications .'.'         .".*  284 

Contractors'  Column         Advertisement  pages  xxiv,  xxvi  and'xxviii 


The  electrical  review. 

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Place. 
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de  la  Banque. 
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William  Street. 
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THE     UNIVERSAL     ELECTRICAL     DIRECTORY 


(J.  .A.  Reply's). 


1913  EDITION 


H.   ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &   CO., 
4,  Ludgate  Hill,  London.  E.C, 


INTERNATIONAL     SPECIFICATIONS. 

Thk  inherent  ditTercnce  in  the  treatniftnt,  from  the  [Kjint  of 
view  of  unification,  of  such  things  a.s  Hteei  Kirdeni,  raila, 
roliing'.stock,  cement,  .Vc.,  and  of  tho.se  which  may  be  properly 
said  to  come  under  the  hcadinf?  of  electrital  machinery 
and  apparatus,  is  fiot  always  as  fully  appreciated  as  it 
might  be. 

In  regard  to  the  former,  it  will  be  noticed  that  in  the 
majority  of  cases  concrete  figures,  chemical  analysis,  and  even 
actual  designs,  have  been  agreed  upon  between  buyer  and 
seller,  as  representing  the  best  up-to-date  practice,  and  it 
is  undeniable  that  manufacturers  have  thereby  reaped  much 
benefit,  through  the  lowering  of  the  cost  of  production  ;  on 
the  other  hand,  combinations  upon  these  lines,  if  carried  too 
far  into  detail,  may  develop  into  trusts  which  tend  to  rob  the 
consumer  of  the  benefits  which  healthy  competition  brings, 
even  if  prices  are  not  raised. 

In  regard  to  the  latter,  generally  speaking,  unification  is 
brought  about  through  agreement  as  to  the  tests  which  a 
machine  or  apparatus  intended  for  any  particular  purpose 
shall  fulfil ;  that  is  to  say,  in  matters  electrical  unification 
is  usually  based  on  results,  and  not  upon  the  means  by 
which  those  results  are  obtained.  On  this  principle 
neither  dimensions  nor  design  are  touched  upon,  and  whilst 
on  the  one  band  a  real  basis  of  comparison  is  established, 
on  the  other  hand  invention  and  progress  are  in  no  way 
hampered,  and  commercial  enterprise  has  free  scope  for 
development. 

The  difficulties  surrounding  international  agreement  as  to 
engineering  specifications  generally,  may,  to  a  large  extent, 
be  traced  to  these  fundamental  differences  ;  yet  international 
co-operation  in  engineering  aflaii-s  is  certainly  coming  to  the 
front  more  and  more,  and,  in  spite  of  many  obstacles,  is 
succeeding.  It  is,  however,  one  thing  to  attempt,  inter- 
nationally, to  draw  up  a  specification  for  steel,  and  a  very 
different  problem  to  agree  internationally  upon  the  rating 
and  tests  for  electrical  machinery. 

In  the  case  of  steel,  the  very  fact  that  the  question  of 
chemical  analysis  must  form  the  basis  of  any  specification 
shows  that  the  whole  subject  bristles  with  commercial  diffi- 
culties and  rivalries. 

Manufacturers,  as  well  as  users,  however,  can  only  welcome 
the  establishment  of  international  rules  for  guidance  in 
specifying  electrical  machinery,  and  many  are  the  diffi- 
culties and  annoyances,  from  the  point  of  view  of  foreign" 
trade,  which  will  undoubtedly  be  obviated  when  such  rules 
are  promulgated  by  a  recognised  authority. 

In  its  early  stages  it  appeared  to  some  that  the  Electro- 
technical  Commission  was  not  likely  to  prove  of  much  utility 
or  even  practical  interest  to  the  electrical  imlustry  as  a  whole. 
Its  programme  of  work,  including,  as  it  then  did,  only 
symbols  and  nomenclature,  iseemed  somewhat  too  far  removed 
from  the  domain  of  practical  politics  and  its  organisation  too 
cumbersome  to  effect  much  solid  achievement. 


[245] 


•246 


THE    ELECTKICAL    EEVIEW.    [Voi.72.  No.  i.sss,  febeuabt  u,  1913. 


The  report,  however,  which  we  publish  elsewhere  in  this 
issue,  will  show  that  the  formation  of  the  small  Inter- 
national Committees  has  had  the  fortunate  effect  of  over- 
coming this  initial  inertia,  and  from  what  we  have 
been  able  to  gather,  the  work  of  the  Ziirich  meetings, 
when  printed  and  issued  by  the  Central  Office,  should 
prove  of  more  than  ordinary  interest.  From  the  British 
point  of  view,  it  is  particularly  gratifying  to  see 
that  the  B.E.A.M.A.  was  officially  represented ;  the- 
spirit  of  intimate  co-operation  displayed  by  the  various  bodies 
interested  should  certainly  result  in  work  of  much  practical 
utility.  When,  therefore,  this  first  chapter,  as  we  may  be 
permitted  to  call  it,  is  ratified  at  Berlin  next  autumn,  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  it  will  be  widely  disseminated,  and  at  a  very 
moderate  charge. 

If  the  recommendations  are  added  to  year  by  year,  and,  by 
periodical  revision,  kept  abreast  of  progress,  the  time  and 
money  expended  will  have  been  well  justified. 


APPRENTICESHIP     SYSTEMS. 


TuE  ■personnel  of  a  works  is  of  a  scarcely  less  importance  to 
its  success  than  the  quality  of  the  plant  and  machinery  ;  and 
a  great  steel  maker  once  gave  it  as  his  conviction  that  a 
fire  which  should  destroy  his  works  would  be  preferable  to 
the  loss  of  the  services  of  his  trained  staff.  The  one  may  be 
rebuilt  and  equipped  with  equal  or  better  machinery  than 
before,  but  the  personnel  of  the  other  can  never  be  the  same, 
and  it  may  take  years  to  train  men  up  to  fill  satisfactorily  all 
the  old  positions. 

Works,  like  individuals,  cannot  stand  still,  they  must 
either  develop  or  decline,  so  that  in  every  well-organised 
establishment  there  must  be  a  continuous  system  of  training 
recruits  to  fill  new  positions  of  responsibility  rendered 
necessary  by  the  natural  expansion  of  the  business,  or  to  fill 
vacancies  due  to  resignations,  death  or  other  cause. 

This  system  of  training  in  engineering  works  is  known 
generally  as  the  apprenticeship  system,  a  system  which  has 
had  to  be  considerably  modified  in  recent  years  to  meet  the 
changes  which  in  workshop  practice  have  been  brought 
about  by  the  ever-increasing  use  of  labour-saving  tools. 

In  the  days  preceding  the  machine-tool  era,  when  handi- 
craft and  manual  dexterity  were  of  prime  importance,  the 
apprentice  sjstem  had  become  regularised,  and  a  youth  could 
enter  a  works  with  the  certain  knowledge  that  he  would 
at  least  have  an  opportunity  of  becoming  a  skilled  artisan 
in  a  definite  or  specific  trade,  and  he  might  reasonably 
expect  to  have  in  due  course  a  general  knowledge  of 
the  details  and  construction  of  the  machines  manufactured. 
He  would  be  able  to  make  practically  every  part  and  to 
assemble  and  fit  them  together  and  set  the  machine  to  work. 

Nowadays,  a  boy  may  be  set  to  watch  or  mind  a  machine 
while  it  repeats  day  in  and  day  out,  with  monotonous 
regularity  and  precision,  a  stereotyped  operation  ;  his 
foreman  will  keep  him  at  this  occupation  as  long  as  he  will 
stand  it,  and  when  he  at  length  gets  a  change,  it  will  be  to 
watch  another  machine  go  through  another  set  of  mechanical 
operations. 

The  problem  of  recasting  the  apprenticeship  system  in  a 
form  suitable  to  modern  workshop  conditions  has  been 
attacked  both  by  educationists  and  by  engineering  employers, 
but  whilst  many  suggestions  have  been  made,  no  regularised 
or  standard  system  has  been  evolved,  and  it  is  at  present  left 
to  individual  employers  to  work  out  their  own  schemes  in 


detail    to    suit   the  conditions  existing   in  their   particular 
works. 

In  general,  however,  the  new  apprenticeship  embraces  not 
only  the  service  of  a  specified  number  of  years  in  a  work- 
shop, but  also  the  attendance  at  day  or  evening  classes  in  a 
technical  school.  We  have  from  time  to  time  given  in  our 
columns  details  of  the  conditions  of  apprenticeship  adopted 
by  various  engineering  firms,  and  we  give  below  the  chief 
points  from  a  notice  lecently  issued  by  Messrs.  Mather  and 
Piatt,  Ltd.,  of  Manchester,  regarding  apprentices.  Three 
classes  of  apprentices  are  taken,  viz.  : — 

Class  1. — This  class  consists  of  boys  of  not  less  than  l.'V 
years  of  age,  who  desire  to  beccnie  artisans  or  "  tradesmen  " 
on  reaching  the  age  of  21.  They  must  produce  proofs  of 
having  had  a  satisfactory  elementary  education,  and  have 
passed  Standard  VI.  They  must  attend  evening  classes  at 
the  Manchester  or  Salford  Scherals  of  Technology,  or  other 
approved  schools.  In  some  cases  those  who  can  show  that 
they  will  derive  full  benefit  therefrom,  may  be  granted  the 
privilege  of  attending  the  special  day  courses  for  apprentice 
engineers  at  the  Manchester  School  of  Technology,  no 
deduction  being  made  from  their  wages  for  the  time  so 
spent. 

Class  2  consists  of  a  limited  number  of  youths  not  under 
]  7  years  of  age,  who  can  give  proof,  by  examination  or 
certificate,  of  having  had  a  good  general  education  at  a 
secondary  lor  public  school  ;  those  who  have  had  a  recog- 
nised course  of  technical  training,  or  have  obtained  dis- 
tinction at  a  public  school.  A  knowledge  of  French, 
German,  or  other  modern  language,  is  considered  an  addi- 
tional qualification.  This  class  is  for  youths  who  desire  a 
practical  training  in  different  branches  of  engineering,  and 
they  are  transferred  from  department  to  department  as 
circumstances  permit,  so  as  to  obtain  as  wide  an  experience 
as  possible.  The  departments  included  in  the  curriculum 
are  :  the  foundry,  machine  tools,  fitting  and  assembling,  and 
either  the  test  room  or  drawing  office.  A  probationary 
period  of  six  months  without  wages  must  first  be  passed 
through,  after  which  apprentices  in  this  class  receive  lOs.  a 
week  up  to  the  end  of  their  apprenticeship.  All  second- 
class  apprentices  must  continue  their  technical  education  at 
an  approved  technical  school,  or  at  the  University,  and  as 
in  the  case  of  Class  1  the  special  day  classes  for  apprentices 
may  be  attended  if  permission  be  obtained  from  the  works 
manager. 

Class  3  is  for  young  men  of  not  less  than  20  years  of  age 
who  desire  to  acquire  a  practical  workshop  training.  They 
must  have  passed  through  a  complete  course  of  technical 
training  or  obtained  an  engineering  or  science  degree  at  a 
University.  Admittance  to  this  class  depends  upon  the 
educational  qualifications  a  candidate  is  able  to  submit,  and 
great  importance  is  attached  to  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
modern  languages.  A  probationary  period  of  six  months 
without  wages  is  necessary,  at  the  end  of  which  there  is  no 
obligation  on  the  part  of  either  probationer  or  firm  to  con- 
tinue the  employment.  If,  however,  it  is  continued,  a 
written  agreement  is  entered  into  for  a  definite  period,  and 
although  the  firm  cannot  undertake  that  men  in  this  class 
shall  spend  a  specific  time  in  any  particular  department,  the 
management  will,  as  far  as  possible,  select  such  departments 
as  shall  be  most  suitable  to  the  attainments  and  capabilities 
of  each  man. 

General. — No  entrance  fee  or  premium  is  charged,  nor  is 
any  apprentice  indentured,  nor  is  there  any  obligation  to 
continue  the  employment  of  any  apprentice. 

Shop  hours  must  be  kept,  and  the  usual  works  regulations 
observed  by  all  classes. 


A  Visit  to 
Paris. 


Readers  who  are  members  of  the 
I.E.E.  will  be  interested  to  learn  that  the 
Socictc  Internationale  des  Electriciens  has 
invited  the  Institution  to  Paris  for  a  few  days  in  May  next. 
During  recent  years  great  developments  have  taken  place  in 
the  electrical  world  of  Paris  ;  railways  have  been  electrified, 
new  electric  railways  have  been  built,  large  power  stations 
have  been  erected — there  is  much  to  see,  of  the  greatest 
electrical  interest,  and  we  are  sure  that  those  who  take  part 
in  the  visit  will  have  a  thoroughly  good  time. 


i 


Vol.71!.    No.  I,8:!8,  Fi;hki>auy  l»,  l!)i:i.|    TITFi     VJ  iVA]'Vli\C\]i     MKWKW. 


'247 


ArtHlcors 

in  tlio 
Iloyiil  Navy. 


A  KKM.vUKAlii.K  |iuiii|ililt;L,  iiccuinpuiiiod 
liy  a  l(!ttor  from  tlic  HccieLiiry,  luiH  recently 
liecii  sent  to  us  Iroiii  Dcvoiijiort  by  the 
lioyul  Naval  ArtifKor-i'iiij^incctrH'  and 
Kiif^itic-Rooni  Artificers'  lienevolent  Kuncl,  in  rcj^ard  to 
which  it  is  necessary  to  have  reluctantly  to  confess  that, 
although  we  have  always  listene<l  attentively  and  syni- 
patli(!tically  to  any  supported  expressions  of  opinion  of  men 
within  the  Service  touchiuf^  matters  of  importance  to  the 
ellicicncy  and  well-being  of  the  engineer  branch,  the  state- 
ments put  forward  in  tiic  present  instance  seem  to  call  for 
other  treatment,  as  they  are  singularly  lacking  in  force  and 
justification.  It  has  to  be  explained  that  this  communica- 
tion has  little,  if  anything,  in  common  with  the  old  trouble 
concerning  engineer  otHcers.  It  is  a  plea  put  forward  by 
certain  discontented  chief  and  engine-room  artificers, 
entered  at  full  age  as  fully  (jualified  engineering  mechanics, 
chief  and  artificer  engineers  promoted  from  chief  and  engine- 
room  artificers,  and  a  few  engineer-lieutenants  promoted 
from  chief  artificer  engineers.  Under  existing  conditions, 
the  Navy  is,  in  ett'ect,  a  secret  service,  and  it  is  impossible  to 
determine  the  merits  of  an  alleged  grievance  of  this  kind  by 
du'ect  question  and  answer.  All  that  can  be  done  is  to 
examine  the  scanty  information  available,  and  to  endeavour 
to  test  whether  it  is  in  agreement  with  such  facts 
as  have  been  published  officially  regarding  the  organisa- 
tion of  the  Navy.  The  demand  made  is  for 
increase  in  pay,  increase  in  pension,  openings  to  rise  to  the 
higher  ranks  in  the  engineering  branch  of  the  service,  the 
opening  of  the  Royal  Naval  Reserve  to  members  of  the 
corps  of  royal  naval  artificer  engineers  and  engine-room 
artificers,  and  the  retention  by  them  of  the  engine-room 
watch  keeping.  As  abstract  propositions  these  are  all 
legitimate,  and,  if  made  to  the  proper  authorities,  they 
would,  no  doubt,  receive  careful  consideration  ;  but  the 
attempt  to  force  them  upon  the  public,  through  the  Press, 
upon  the  questionable  grounds  stated  in  the  above-mentioned 
letter  and  pamphlet,  must  entirely  alienate  the  grumblers 
from  the  sympathy  of  those  who  have  more  than  a  super- 
ficial knowledge  of  service  matters,  and,  incidentally,  of 
those  who  have  the  best  interests  of  the  corps  at  heart.  It 
may  be  asked  :  Then  why  take  any  notice  of  such  statements  ? 
The  answer  is  that — in  justice  to  the  great  body  of  artificer 
engineers — it  is  desirable  that  the  public  should  have  the 
means  of  checking  the  statements  of  a  misguided  few. 

The  letter  declares  that  "  we  are  rapidly  drifting  towards 
the  serious  position  of  a  steam  Navy  minus  engineer  officers." 
It  states,  moreover,  that  it  is  notoriously  difficult  to  get 
candidates  to  enter  for  the  engineer  branch  at  all.  It 
suggests  also  that  for  five  years  not  a  single  engineer  officer 
will  have  been  added  to  the  Royal  Navy.  These  loose  and 
inaccurate  statements  are  made  the  lever  for  a  demand  of 
7s.  a  day  as  starting  pay  for  the  Corps,  and  a  minimum 
pension  of  £100  a  year  for  chief  artificer  engineers.  The 
argument  is  based  upon  the  fact  that  Keyham  College  was 
closed  in  19 10,  and  that  the  first  batch  of  the  new  engineer 
officers,  under  the  new  scheme  of  education  and  training  for 
naval  officers,  cannot  have  specialised  until  the  end  of  1915. 
Nevertheless,  anyone  who  cares  to  consult  a  Xav!/  List  will 
see  that  there  is  not  likely  to  be  a  disappearance  of  engineer 
officers  in  1915,  and  although  there  must  aecessarily  be 
questions  arising  for  adjustment  between  the  old  and  the 
new  schemes  of  entry,  it  is  an  entire  misrepresentation  to  ask 
the  public  to  believe  that  we  are  drifting  towards  the  position 
of  a  steam  Navy  without  engineer  officers.  There  will  be 
similar  matters  for  adjustment  in  regard  to  new-scheme 
officers  for  the  navigatmg,  torpedo,  gunnery  and  Royal 
Marine  branches  ;  and  are  we  to  be  told  that  these  branches 
will  also  be  depleted  until  the  end  of  the  first  term  of 
specialisation  in  each  branch  ?  Again,  the  suggestion  that 
it  is  notoriously  difficult  to  get  new-scheme  candidates  to  enter 
for  the  engineer  branch  is  difficult  to  reconcile  with  the  asser- 
tion that  the  first  batch  of  the  new  engineer  officers  "  cannot 
have  specialised  until  the  end  of  1915,"  for  how  is  it  possible, 
early  in  1913,  to  contend  that  there  is  difficulty  in  getting 


tlitni  to  etiU;r,  say,  u  year  hence  ?     The  contingency  haa  not 
yet  arisen,  and  is  not  likely  to  arise. 

It  is  most  nnfortunule  that  the  question  of  linkinjr-np  the 
artificers  with  the  commiHsioned  ranks  of  th<:  Kngin<er 
Hrancli  of  the  Navy  should  have  been  put  forward  in  ilii.H 
misleading  manner,  for  we  are  firmly  of  opinion  that,  in  the 
future,  thai  branch  will  Ik;  greatly  stnrngtlicned  by  a  healthy 
8yst(;m  of  jHoinolion  of  men  of  ability  from  the  lower  deck. 
It  is  scarcely  practicable  t^)  carry  out  such  a  reform  in  a 
hurry,  and  it  must  nefjessarily  take  effect  upon  those  who 
have  entered  the  service  as  lK)y8  and  youths,  rather  than 
upon  those  who  have  entered  later  in  life  from  a  variety  of 
mechanical  trades,  some  of  which  are  only  remotely  con- 
cerned with  naval  engineering,  .\gain,  it  is  difficult  to  sec 
how  those  who  are  promoted  can  hope  to  fjualify  for  the 
higher  commissioned  ranks  :  for  the  standard  of  education 
and  training  re(|uired  for  commanders,  caj)tains  and  admirals 
tends  ever  to  become  more  exacting.  The  way  may,  never- 
theless, be  left  open,  so  that  those  who  can  climb  may  climb. 
The  general  course  of  events  will  probably  be  that,  instead 
of  adding  greatly  to  the  accommodation  at  Dartmouth 
College  to  meet  the  future  demands  of  the  technical 
branches  of  the  Navy  in  respect  of  watch-keeping  lieutenanta, 
the  lower  commissioned  ranks  will,  of  an  increasing  extent, 
be  replenished  from  among  the  most  deserving  of  the  warrant 
officers,  and  the  result  will  be  to  the  advantage  of  the  whole 
service. 


Thk    important    paper    read    by    Mr. 
E*i*'"t^r-t"       Whysall    before   the    I.E.E.   last   month 
SuddIv  brings   the    question   of    storage   on   the 

large  scale  prominently  forward  once  more. 
Our  readers  will  recollect  that  in  1908  Mr.  A.  M.  Taylor 
dealt  with  the  subject  very  fully  at  the  I.M.E.A.  convention, 
and  advocated  the  installation  of  very  large  batteries  on  the 
grounds  of  reliability  and,  above  all,  economy,  bringing 
forward  very  cogent  arguments  in  support  of  his  views.  On 
that  occasion  we  expressed  our  cordial  agreement  with  the 
author,  having  maintained  for  many  years  that  engineers 
responsible  for  the  design  of  central  stations  showed  a 
regrettable  lack  of  appreciation  of  the  important  advan- 
tages to  be  gained  by  the  use  of  adequate  storage 
— not  the  half  -  hearted,  hesitating  installation  of  a 
battery  having  an  output  of,  say,  10  per  cent,  of  that  of 
the  generating  plant,  though  that  at  least  ensured  the 
maintenance  of  the  station  ligllting  and  the  excitation  of 
the  generators  in  time  of  emergency,  but  really  adequate 
storage.  What  we  mean  by  this  may  be  exemplified  by  the 
policy  of  the  four  American  undertakings  cited  by  Mr. 
Taylor,  which,  even  in  1908,  possessed  storage  batteries  of 
more  than  130,000  K\v.  output,  a't  the  one-hour  rate.  The 
present  paper,  giving  the  actual  results  obtained  with  a  big 
battery,  and  showing  an  important  saving  even  when  ilr. 
Pearce,  to  avoid  undue  optimism,  discounted  the  results 
to  the  utmost  possible  extent,  will  arouse  renewed  interest 
in  the  matter,  and  encourage  those  who  are  considering  the 
advisability  of  providing  storage  on  a  large  scale. 

We  are  impelled  to  enlarge  upon  this  topic  by  the  fact  that 
during  the  past  year  there  has  been  a  deplorably  large 
number  of  total  or  partial  shut-downs  of  electricity  works, 
and  we  are  anxious  to  invert  the  order  of  the  two  qualifica- 
tions of  the  storage  battery  to  which  we  have  referred.  We 
want  to  urge  station  engineers  to  put  down  large  batteries 
on  the  grounds  of  economy,  and,  almrc  all,  rrUabUity. 
There  is  a  grave  risk  that  electricity  supply  will  get  a  bad 
name  for  its  lack  of  reliability  unless  station  engineers  not 
only  talk  about  the  extreme  importance  of  reliability,  as  they 
often  do,  but  also  do  something  towards  ensuring  its  achieve- 
ment. Our  rivals  the  gas  suppliers  are  doing  all  they  can  to 
stem  the  tide  of  electricity  supply,  and  they  make  the 
greatest  possible  use  of  every  reported  breakdown  to  back  up 
their  arguments. 

The  fact  that  important  economies  can  be  effected  with 
storage  batteries  ought  alone  to  suffice  to  ensure  their 
adoption  ;  the  reliability  thus  obtained  should  be  a  still 
more  potent  argument,  and  when  these  two  considerations 
are  combined  the  case  is  irresistible. 


248 


THE     ELECTEICAL     KEVIEW.    [Vol.  72.    No.  l.SSS,  February  14,  1913. 


ARC   LAMPS  FOR  THE   OUTSIDE    LIGHTING 
OF     SHOPS,   &c. 


By    \V.    FENXELL,  A.M.I.E.E. 


Thk  situation  at  AVednesbury  six  months  ago  with  regard  to 
the  out-^ide  lighting  of  shop  premises  was  as  follows  : — 

From  its  commencement  about  se%'en  years  ago  the  elec- 
tricity undertaking  had  been  making  very  good  headway, 
and  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  at  least,  the  majority  of  the 
business  premises  used  electricity  extensively,  and  in  many 
cases  there  were  outside  arc  lamps.  These  lamps  were  such 
as  might  be  usually  met  with  in  a  medium-sized  town — 
chiefly  enclosed  lamps  in  pairs  across  i*:50-volt  mains.  Two 
adjoining  shopkeepers  had  combined  to  run  a  series  of 
5  flame  arcs,  using  metal-cored  carbons,  and  there  was  one 
large  consumer  with  a  similar  series  ;  but,  generally  speaking, 
two  enclosed  lamps  in  series  were  usual,  the  shops  not  being 
large  enough  to  justify  the  expense  of  a  series  of  four  or  five 
low-voltage  flame  lamps.  There  were  the  usual  complaints 
of  burnt  carbon  holders,  broken  globes,  badly  adjusted  lamps, 
and  other  troubles  incidental  to  arc  lighting,  but  still  one 
could  feel  satisfied  that  electricity  had  practically  outclassed 
gas,  until  high-pressure  gas  appeared.  News  was  received 
one  day  that  a  notice  had  been  deposited  with  the  surveyor 


Outside  A£C  Lamps  in  a  side  Street,  Wednesbuey. 

to  open  the  roadway  to  lay  a  high-pressure  gas  main  in  the 
Market  Place,  and  the  next  day  it  was  stated  that  one  of  the 
largest  users  of  arc  lamps  had  signed  an  agreement  to  take 
the  new  gas  supply,  and  that  negotiations  were  in  an  advanced 
state  with  others  to  change  over  from  electricity  to  high- 
pressure  gas. 

On  making  a  visit  to  a  large  town  a  few  miles  off,  it  was 
obvious  that  these  same  high-pressure  gas  lamps  had  swept 
the  principal  shopping  streets  of  arc  lamps  within  a  few 
months.  One  was  astonished  at  the  swiftness  of  the  change, 
and  felt  it  would  be  disastrous  if  such  a  thing  happened  in 
Wednesbury.  An  incjuiry  as  to  the  terms  and  conditions 
revealed  the  cause  of  the  stampede.  The  gas  authorities 
were  offering  to  fix  and  maintain  a  1,000-c.r.  high-pressure 
lamp  at  £5  per  annum,  such  lamp  to  be  used  during  ordi- 
nary business  lighting  hours.  Consumers  were  attracted  by 
the  low  charge,  and  by  the  assurance  of  its  being  the  first 
and  last  expense.  Shopkeepers  and  their  assistants  hated 
messing  with  carbons  and  gas  mantles.  It  had  already  been 
proved  that  they  would  not  pay  an  extra  for  skilled  attend- 
ance, and  they  grudged  the  expense  of  flame  carbons. 
Again,  and  this  is  the  most  important  point  in  a  small 
town,  shopkeepers  did  not  want  four  or  five  lamps  each, 
and  two  enclosed  lamps  cost  more  to  run  and  gave  less 
light    than    two    high-pressure   gas   lamps.      The  various 


metal-filament  lanterns  were  also  out  of  the  question  ;  they 
cannot  compare  with  high-pressure  gas. 

The  writer  decided  that  the  only  way  to  meet  this  com- 
petition was  immediately  to  ofi'er  a  better  light  on  the  same 
terms.  Not  a  very  startling  or  original  proposition  ;  but  it 
involves  many  side  issues,  some  of  which  are  important, 
and  require  courage  to  force  through.  A  recommendation 
was  made  to  the  Committee  to  carry  out  the  following 
scheme,  which  was  adopted,  and  which  is  probably  the  first 
of  its  kind  : — 

Consumers  were  offered  a  T-ampere  flame  arc  lamp, 
giving  about  l,r)00  c.p.,  at  .£5  per  lamp  per  annum,  includ- 
ing hire,  trimming,  cleaning  and  current.  All  the  facilities 
given  by  the  gas  authorities  were  provided  at  the  same 
price,  and,  in  addition,  more  light. 

In  order  to  give  this  supply,  a  low-pressure  50-volt 
three-wire  main  would  be  run  in  the  principal  shopping 
centre,  so  that  any  consumer  could  have  one,  two,  or  more 
lamps.  This  circuit  was  to  be  supplied  by  a  motor-generator, 
the  generator  being  fitted  Avith.  balancing  slip  rings  and 
transformers. 

The  works  are  in  this  case  very  close  to  the  centre  of 
the  town,  so  the  machine  is  at  the  works,  but  it  could  be 
placed  in  a  basement,  or,  indeed,  in  a  balancing  station  if 
required. 

In  order  at  once  to  demonstrate  the  advantages  of  the 
proposal,  temporary  overhead  mains  were 
run  and  connected  to  some  of  the  battery 
regulators,  and  two  sample  lamps,  one 
with  yellow  and  the  other  with  white 
carbons,  were  exhibited.  These  lamps 
were  fixed  on  shops  adjoining  the  one 
which  had  deserted  to  the  "enemy," 
and  were  lighted  on  the  opening  day 
of  the  high-pressure  gas  supply.  A 
circular  was  issued  calling  attention  to 
the  demonstration  and  stating  the  com- 
peting terms. 

The  proceedings  were  hardly  dignifiied, 
but  the  result  was  magical.      The  gas 
authorities  have    not  secured   a  second 
consumer    for    their    high-pressure  gas 
up     to     the    present.       The     circular 
caused  several  who  had  intended  to  use 
high-pressure    gas   to    draw   back,   and 
applications   were    received    from   con- 
"    sumers  quite  away  from  the  high-pres- 
sure  gas  area.      It  was  originally  pro- 
posed to    confine    this  special   main  to 
the  area   served   by    the  high-pressure 
gas  main,  but  it  has  already  extended 
rapidly.     In  the  six  months  which  have 
elapsed,  over  40  lamps  have  been  con- 
nected, most  of  them  new  business,  i.e., 
they  have  replaced  gas  lanterns,  or  there 
had  been  no  outside  lighting,  and   there  are  several  con- 
sumers with  single  arc  lamps,  some   of  them  quite  small 
shops.     It  is  curious  to  note  that  those  consumers  who  had 
series  flame  lamps  have  not  changed  over  to  the  new  circuit, 
although  they   were  on  the  point  of  going  in   for  gas  six 
months  ago.     These  are  the  occupiers  of  larger  premises,  of 
course,  but  there  is  no  doubt  they  would  have  "  deserted  " 
if  high-pressure  gas  light  had  made  headway  as  in  neigh- 
bouring towns. 

In  the  first  place,  it  was  not  claimed  that  the  scheme 
would  be  very  profitable — it  was  put  forward  as  a  necessary 
measure  to  retain  the  advertisement  of  outside  lighting. 
The  gas  authorities  were  prepared  to  lose  money  on  high- 
pressure  gas,  just  as  they  are  on  street  lighting.  To  be  able 
to  say  that  "  So  and  so  "  has  gone  back  to  gas,  or  that  shop- 
keepers are  replacing  electric  lamps  wholesale,  is  not  only 
very  gratifying  to  the  gas  interest,  but  it  creates  an  "  atmo- 
sphere "  which  is  worth  a  great  deal  in  hard  cash.  Its 
influence  extends-  to  every  street  in  the  town.  One  may 
perhaps  be  excused  for  saying  that  it  cannot  be  easily  under- 
stood how  electrical  engineers  (or  is  it  the  Committee  or 
directors  ?)  can  stand  idly  by  whde  the  gas  authorities  regain 
their  old  superior  position,  yet  this  is  the  state  of  affairs  in 
many  towns.  Criticism  was  advanced  by  a  few  who  said 
that  to  spend  money  without  an   assurance  of  a  profitable 


Vol.72.  No.  i,8.s8,  fkiihuakyh,  loia.i    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


249 


return  wiis  iiimhieHH,  and  was  not  Ijusincsw  ;  but  tliece  criticH 
were  silenced  by  those  wlio  were  nccustomed  to  spend  money 
on  advertiHcmenls  and  on  Belling  below  cost,  if  ncasanry,  in 
special  cases  to  secure  a  market.  Notliin}^  is  heard  from 
those  critics  to-day. 

The  great  advantage  of  tlw;  special  arc  circuit  is  that  it 
can  be  controlled,  and  the  Early  ('losing  Act  has  assisted  in 
this  r(«pecfc.  The  circuit  is  only  alive  during  the  proper 
hours  and  on  business  days,  so  it  is  not  necessary  to  watcli 
the  consumers,  or  to  put  in  time  switches  or  meters. 

I'sing  a  three-wire  circuit,  lamps  may  be  wired  very  simply 
and  clieaply  by  running  the  outers  only  through  a  double- 
jx)le  switch,  and  tapping  the  lamps  oil'  alternately. 

The  lamps  are  of  the  General  Electric  Co.'s  magazine 
Harae  type,  burning  (10  to  70  hours.  The  trimmer  goes 
round  at  fixed  intervals,  fills  up  the  magazine,  and  cleans 
the  lamp.  Single-carbon  lamps  are  at  a  disadvanta?e, 
because  it  would  not  pay  to  call  at  irregular  intervals  to  see 
if  lamps  needed  trimming. 

Lamps  must  be  used  which  will  give  either  a  white  or 
a  yellow  light  at  will — consumers  must  have  the  choice, 
and  they  change  their  minds  occasionally. 

The  lamps  must  be  very  good  ;  an  unsteady  light  or  a 
sticky  mechanism  would  be  fatal  to  success. 

The  steadying  resistance  should  be  inside  the  lamp.  On 
a  ."lO-volt  circuit  it  is  quite  small.  In  the  lamps  adopted, 
it  consists  of  a  resistance  wire  wound  round  a  porcelain  rod, 
and  it  supports  itself. 

The  single  burning  lamp  is  very  simple,  no  substitutional 
resistance  or  cut-out  is  required,  and  it  is  cheaper  for  that 
reason.  This  saving  goes  some  way  towards  paying  the  cost 
of  the  special  cables.  It  is  also  a  steadier  lamp  than  the 
series  burning  type,  in  which  one  lamp  may  affect  another. 

In  considering  the  financial  side  of  this  question,  it  will 
be  convenient  to  take  all  the  standing  charges,  and  after 
deducting  them  from  the  revenue,  see  what  price  is  avail- 
able per  unit  for  the  electricity.  It  is  assumed  that  a 
50-volfc  lamp  installation,  running  700  hours  per  annum,  is 
to  be  taken. 


25-KW.  motor-generator... 

Mains — allow       

Larnps  (50  magazine  type) 
Wiring,  50  lamps 


Capital  coat. 
...     £150 
...       300 
...       387 
50 


Annual  capital 

charges— int.  3|  % 

and  repayment. 


15  years 
25     .. 


Total  capital  charges 

Running  charges,  carboning  and  cleaning 
(assuming  magazine  arcs)  lOs.  per  lamp 
per  annum 

Repairs,  say  

Carbons,  700  hours  at  "lod. — 8s.  per  lamp 


Revenue— 5(3  at  £5  ... 
Balance  for  energy 


£25 
10 
20 


£14 

21 

64 

6 

£106 


.55 

£160 
£250 

£00 


This  allows  for  14,500  units  at  Hd.,  which  is  not  a  very 
high  price,  it  is  true,  but  it  must  be  considered  that  this  price 
has  only  to  cover  generating  costs  and  feeder  costs,  and  has 
to  bear  no  share  of  distribution  expenses,  as  the  cost  is  dealt 
with  right  from  the  motor-generator  to  the  lamps,  including 
mains  and  wiring.  If  one  had  even  Id.  per  unit  for  the 
electricity,  it  would  pay  to  take  the  matter  up,  on  the 
ground  that  a  small  loss  or  profit  is  of  little  importance 
compared  with  the  advertisement. 

At  Wednesbury  the  cost  of  a  motor-generator  has  been 
saved  ;  a  battery  booster,  used  for  charging  the  regulating 
cells,  has  been  brought  into  use.  It  is  not  often  that  the 
battery  is  charged  to  gassing  during  shop  hours,  so  that  the 
one  machine  carries  out  the  two  operations.  The  booster 
armature  has  been  provided  with  slip-rings  and  middle-wire 
gear,  this  being  used  only  on  the  arc  lighting  circuit.  The 
estimate  allows  for  an  entirely  separate  machine. 

The  illustration  on  p.  248  shows  the  effect  of  running  the 
special  low -voltage  main  in  a  street  off  the  Market  Place.  It 
will  be  noticed  that  the  shops  are  quite  small,  and  are  not 
of  the  kind  which  usually  go  in  for  arc  lamps.  Of  the  six 
shops  illustrated,  there  is  only  one  with  two  lamps,  and  it  is 
safe  to  say  that  without  the  special  main  not   one  of  these 


shops  woulil  be  using  arc  luinpH,  or,  indeed,  imy  MitHide 
lighting.  The  writer,  of  courKC,  might  have  shown  a  view 
of  im[)ortant  hhops  in  the  Market  Place,  but  thinks  thiH 
side  street  is  far  more  eloquent  testimony  to  the  advantageH 
of  the  low-voltage  main  for  outside  lighting. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


IMUrt  receitrd  by  w  a/ter  6  P.M.  ON  TuKSDAY  cannot  apj>fwr  until 
the  folloimng  week.  Correipondenti  should  forward  their  communi- 
oationt  at  the  earliest  potiible  mcment.  Ao  letter  can  he  puhliihed 
umlett  we  have  the  writer's  name  and  address  in  mir  possession. 


Screw  Caps  for  Radiator  Lamps. 

As  the  use  of  radiators  is  extending  so  rapidly,  it  is  most 
important  that  every  detail  of  their  design  should  be  entirely 
satisfactory  before  it  is  standardised.  Is  this  not  a  matter, 
therefore,  for  the  B.HA.M.A.  to  decide,  by  common  action 
between  the  leading  radiator  manufacturers  and  possibly  the 
supply  authorities,  what  type  of  lampholder  they  should  be 
fitted  with  in  future  r  ft  is  evident  that  any  lampholder 
with  springs  must  sooner  or  later  give  trouble,  and  the 
points  of  contact  on  the  plungers  of  the  P.C.  holder  are  tco 
small  for  the  necessary  heavy  current  that  passes  through 
them. 

The  above  authorities  could  easily  decide  then  what 
was  the  best  lampholder  to  be  fitted,  and  standardise  it 
accordingly  ;  whether  an  improved  form  of  B.C.  holder  like 
the  "  Mumps,"  or  a  good  Edison  screw  holder,  or  any  other 
more  suitable  type.  I  hope,  therefore,  that  you  may  be  able 
to  persuade  the  powers  that  be  to  take  some  prompt  action 
in  this  matter. 

Jobber. 


Costs  of  Running  Small  Generating  Station. 

"Would  any  of  your  readers  be  kind  enough  to  give  me 
information  as  to  the  running  costs  and  upkeep  of  a  .500- 
n.p.  suction  gas  or  crude  oil  electric  generating  station,  or  of 
one  of  somewhere  near  this  capacity  ? 

E.  B.  Gray. 

Maldon,  February  Qf/i,  1913. 


Testing  the  Continuity  of  Earth  Conductors. 

In  reply  to  the  letters  of  "  Continuity  "  and  Mr.  B.  T. 
Bavies  on  the  subject  of  Mines  Regulations,  Rule  8  (b)  and 
Rule  14  (f),  if  "  Continuity  "  henceforth  orders  his  cables  as 
recommended  by  the  Engineering  Standards  Committee,  and 
in  conformity  with  Rule  12  (e),  he  will  have  no  difficulty. 

If  he  intends  earthing  cables  installed  previous  to  the 
regulations  coming  into  force.  Rule  8  (b)  points  out  plainly 
what  to  do. 

The  easiest  way  out  of  the  difficulty  would  be  to  install  a 
bare  copper  conductor  of  half  the  sectional  area  of  the  cable 
to  be  earthed,  if  he  is  dealing  with  two-core  or  multicore 
cables.  This  could  be  fi.xed  to  all  the  apparatus  on  the 
cable,  and  to  the  cable  -itself  at  intervals,  and  latterly 
brought  to  the  surface  and  earthed.  Of  course,  if  "'  Con- 
tinuity "  had  an  armouring  already  on  his  cables  which  was 
not  up  to  the  standard,  he  could  calculate  the  resistance  of 
one  of  his  main  conductors  against  that  of  the  armouring, 
find  the  deficiency  in  the  latter,  and  make  up  with  copper,  so 
that  the  resultant  would  conform  to  the  .")0  per  cent,  regu- 
lation. In  this  case  he  would  save  the  expense  of  putting  in 
a  conductor  of  half  the  capacity  of  his  cable.  At  joints  or 
distribution  boxes,  where  a  break  in  the  main  cable  takes 
place,  a  bonding  cable  equal  to  50  per  cent,  would  be  used 
to  join  the  armouring.  I  use  heavy  brass  split  glands  for 
this  purpose,  the  cross  bond  being  sweated  directly  into  a 
hole  in  one  lug  of  a  half -gland,  no  sockets  being  necessary. 

I  think,  however,  that  the  best  method  is  not  to  consider 
the  armouring  of  an  old  cable,  but  to  go  right  ahead  with  a 
proper  earthing  system.  It  is  surprising  that  there  are  not 
more  accidents  with  some  of  the  so-called  earthing  systems 
in  use  to-day.     I  say  at  once  that  proper  earthing  is  the 


250 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.72.  No.  i.sss,  fkbbuabt  u,  1913. 


factor  of  safety  goveruiug  a  mining  installation,  and  it  can 
be  made  a  veiT  efficient  and  material  one  at  that.  I  find  no 
difficulty,  and  do  not  scruple  in  this  respect. 

The  new  regulations  arc  easily  complied  with,  and  call  for 
a  standard  of  material  and  work  that  not  only  gives  safety, 
but  efficiency  and  inmiunity  from  breakdown.  Undoubtedly 
they  might  be  more  explicit  on  some  jwints,  but  what  about 
the  Insurance  Act !' 

Mr.  Davies,  to  my  mind,  does  not  interpret  Kule  14, 
Sub-sec.  ('■)  (i),  properly — the  thorough  examination  of  all 
apparatus  (including  the  testing  of  eartii  conductors  and 
metallic  coverings  for  continuity).  This  does  not  call  for  a 
"bridge"  test,  or  for  any  deli nitc  measurement  at  all.  A 
continuity  test  can  be  taken  by  joining  one  of  the  copjjer 
conductors  to  the  armouring  at  the  far  end  of  the  cable,  and 
testing  by  "  megger "  or  galvanometer  from  the  same  con- 
ductor to  the  armouring  at  the  near  end. 

Obviously  the  "  megger "  would  read  zero,  all  being 
correct  (unless  it  was  a  "  bridge  "  megger),  or  ihe  galvano- 
meter would  give  a  full  scale  deflection. 

I  do  not  think  an  expensive  insulation  testing  ohmmeter 
and  generator  would  be  improved  by  this  work,  as  it 
practically  amounts  to  testing  through  a  "  short  circuit." 

Mr.  Davies  tests  the  "earth"  itself.  Although  I  fully 
agree  with  him  that  this  is  necessary,  the  rule  does  not  call 
for  it.     It  only  calls  for  the  testing  of  the  earth  conductors. 

The  earth  plates  may  have  any  value  to  ground.  It  is 
evident  that  if  these  are  deficient  in  continuity  to  the 
general  mass  of  earth,  they  are  worse  than  useless — a  source 
of  very  great  danger  indeed.  Again,  how  many  colliery 
electricians  of  the  old  school,  the  men  in  charge  of  plants 
varying  from  100  to  300  kw.,  can  take  a  "bridge"  test  ? 
Simple  in  itself,  the  human  element  is  a  big  factor  in  the 
case  of  taking  accurate  and  sensible  data.  I  may  go 
further,  and  ask,  "  How  many  collieries,  using  electricity  on 
the  old  basis,  have  such  an  instrument  ?  "  The  average 
small  colliery  electrician  is  a  man  of  resource.  He  is  often 
"  up  against  it "  very  hard,  and  generally  pulls  through  ; 
but  "  bridge "  testing  is  probably  without  his  sphere  of 
knowledge. 

Then,  again,  I  wonder  where  he  would  get  the  time.  I 
reckon  a  "  bridge  "  test  would  be  taken  at  the  expense  of  a 
few  thousand  gallons  of  water,  or  perhaps  a  few  tons  of  coal. 
Coal  is  surely  our  first  consideration  (not  forgetting  safety  to 
life,  of  course),  and  I  know  of  some  instances  where  a 
"tester"  could  be  continuously  employed,  and  one  section 
or  another  of  a  large  "group  "  installation  would  be  off  daily 
for  this  jjurpose.  Even  then  it  would  take  the  individual 
concerned  all  his  time  to  comply  with  the  rules  if  "  bridge  " 
tests  were  called  for. 

Mr.  Davies  shows  a  very  good  method  of  testing  the 
efficiency  of  his  earthing  conductors,  but  he  does  not  comply 
with  the  regulation,  inasmuch  as  he  does  not  test  the 
continuity  of  the  earth  conductor.  If  the  cable  in  his 
sketch  was  bare  wire  armoured,  having  an  average  resistance 
to  earth  for  every  foot  of  its  length  of,  say,  1",  due  to  its 
lying  in  a  damp  roadway,  he  could  actually  have  a  break  in 
the  earth  conductor — the  armouring-^which  would  not  be 
shown  by  his  method  of  testing. 

Then,  again,  it  is  not  applicable  where  cables  are  installed 
in  accordance  with  Rule  12,  Sub-sec.  (e)  (v) — that  is,  in 
conformity  with  liule  If)  (/). 

When  cables  are  installed  in  fiery  mines,  open  sparking 
must  l)e  prevented  (in  case  of  roof  falls,  &c.).  The  manu- 
facturer gets  over  this  by  making  double  wire-armoured 
cable,  with  a  heavy  layer  of  jute  or  lapping  between  the 
armourings,  and  the  whole  covered  with  a  layer  of  jute. 
This  is  the  class  of  (three-core)  cable  that  should  be  installed 
everywhere  ;  it  pays  in  the  end.  Now  where  this  class  of 
cable  is  used,  it  would  be  useless  to  fi.\  a  local  earth  plate  in 
the  mine  to  the  outer  armouring  only,  and  it  is  obvious  that 
to  open  the  outer  armouring  to  get  to  the  inner  defeats  the 
puqxjse  for  which  the  cable  was  made,  to  say  nothing  of 
destroying  the  waterproof  and  fireproof  qualities  of  the 
cable,  and  adding  to  the  resistance  of  the  armouring  by  the 
insertion  of  a  more  or  less  perfect  mechanical  joint  if 
installed  where  Rule  1  Tj  applied. 

My  idea  would  be  to  test  the  continuity  of  the  earth 
conductors  by  the  method  I  put  forward.  There  is  nothing 
to  prevent  a  rapid  "  bridge  "  teat  being  taken  by  "  shorting  " 


one  end,  as  before  mentioned.  Taking  the  resistance  of  the 
cable  conductor  plus  the  armouring,  and  subtracting  the 
former,  which  could  be  known  from  calculation  or  a  previous 
test,  then  I  would  apply  the  following  method  for  testing 
the  earth  itself  : — 


>F- h 


Place  two  earths,  e^  and  e„  equidistant  from  earth  to  be 
tested,  E,,  say  20  ft. 

liCt  K,  =  earth  to  be  tested ;  E^  and  E3,  two  auxiliary 
earths  :  /j,  Z^,  /^,  the  leads  from  the  bridge. 

Consider  for  simplicity  that  a  =  h,  and  that  /,  and  /^  are 
included  in  e^  and  e,,  :  if — 

R,  =  /,  +  E,  4-  E„ 
E,  =  Z,  -H  E,  -f  E3, 
Rj  =  Ej  -1-  Eg,  then 

R,  4-  R;  —  Ra   _  7   _  p 
2  '  ~     '■ 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  values  l^  and  l.^  are  not  required 
separately.  I  should  lik-e  to  see  some  correspondence  on  the 
rules  under  discussion  from  other  mining  electrical  engineers. 
With  apologies  to  Mr.  Davies,  and  thanking  you  for 
publicity. 

John  P.  C.  Kirlen. 

Uddingstqn  West,  February  Si/i,  1913. 


Earthing  the  Nentral. 


In  your  issue  of  January  3rd,  page  6,  we  are  very  much 
interested  in  the  correspondence  covering  the  earthing  of 
neutral,  particularly  because  of  the  fact  of  the  similarity  of 
the  scheme  shown  with  that  which  we  have  had  in  use  on 
our  system  since  1!)07.     Our  power  system  consists  of  : — 

(«)  7,000-KW,  water-power  station,  with  3,450-volt  three- 
phase  generators  and  delta-delta  step-up  transformers,  with 
ratio  3,450  to  13,200. 

(b)  9,000-KW.  water-power  station,  with  13,200-volt 
three-phase  generators,  star  connected. 

((•)  40,000-Kw.  steam  station,  with  13,200-volt  three- 
phase  generators,  star  connected. 


S»v/rc/(rs     9        9        9 


Tf1^i:.,for*ntn 


In  view  of  the  fact  that  some  of  these  units  are  not  star 
connected,  and  also  the  multii)licity  of  units,  we  considered 
it  undesirable  to  earth  the  neutral  of  the  generating  sets. 


Vol.72.  No.  i,8SH,FEiiBUAUYn,ii)i:i.i    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


2C1 


Theroforo,  the  Byatoiu  wliidi  wo  show  on  the  eiiclosod 
din<i;rara  was  prupoBcd  in  I'lOii,  und  was  ncLimlly  installed  in 
l'.K)7,  and  Ims  been  workinj;  very  Hatisfactorily  ever  Binw;. 
The  oil  switch  on  tliis  eiiiiipnu'tit  is  of  a  non-automatic 
type.  'I'hc  (;0(>-K\v.  transformer  is  specially  woiuul  to  with- 
stand the  mechanical  strains  due  to  e.\(;es-sive  overloads  for 
short  periods.  The  rcsiHtnnce  in  the  ground  leg  consists  of 
cast  grids,  and  is  proportioned  to  withstand  a  current  of 
r)()()  am])eres  for  one-half  minuto  without  undue  heating. 
The  l.S,20()-volt  outgoing  fecdera  are  all  ecjuipped  with 
triple-pole  relays  at  the  sending  and  receiving  ends.  The 
underground  cable  system  has  a  cliarging  current  of  (10  to 
70  amperes  \x:r  leg.  The  alarm  relay  is  adjusted  to  notify 
the  operator  when  this  ground  current  exceeds  40  amperes. 
As  our  load  is  entirely  a  balanced  one,  yon  will  gee  that 
ringing  of  the  ground  bell  gives  the  operator  warning  of 
impending  trouble  on  the  system. 

Before  the  installation  of  this  neutral  transformer,  we  had 
a  considerable  amount  of  trouble  on  our  underground  high- 
tension  cable  system,  due  to  surges.  In  one  case  five 
separate  burn-outs  occurred  at  widely  separated  points  on  the 
system.  Since  that  time  we  have  been  remarkably  free 
from  such  trouble,  for  ordinarily  we  are  able  to  detect  the 
trouble  before  a  Berious  ground  or  short  circuit  occurs. 

J.  C.  Vincent, 

A.in.<ita lit  enginfcr,  Minneapolis  Street 

Itailwai/  Co, 

Minneapolis,  U.S.A.,  January  2Qih,  1913. 


In  your  issue  of  January  81st  Mr.  Fedden  is  good  enough 
to  fall  in  with  my  request,  and  gives  some  figures  taken 
under  actual  working  conditions  with  the  special  earthing 
transformers  installed  at  SheHield. 

The  figures  show  clearly  that  the  neutral  point  of  the 
transformer  coincides  more  or  less  closely  with  the  neutral 
point  of  the  system,  even  when  one  of  the  phases  is  earthed 
and  a  current  of  some  50  amperes  is  flowing  through  the 
fault.  In  his  letter  published  in  your  issue  of  January  3rd, 
Mr.  Fedden  suggested  that  not  only  was  this  the  case,  but 
that  the  neutral  point  of  the  system  would  itself  be  kept  at 
earth  potential  under  similar  conditions.  That  this  cannot 
actually  be  the  case  when  one  of  the  phases  has  broken  down 
to  earth  is,  I  think,  clear,  when  it  is  remembered  that  the 
point  marked  e  in  Mr.  Fedden's  diagram  is  separated  from 


earth  by  a  limiting  resistance  tlirough  which  .50  amperes  is 
flowing,  whereas  the  point  marked  "  8  "  is  assumed  to  be 
dead  earth  through  the  fault.  From  this  it  follows  that  the 
point  E  must  be  raised  considerably  above  earth. 

It  should  be  noted  that  in  Mr.  Fedden's  diagram  the 
resistance  is  shown  in  the  line  f  (which  presumably  repre- 
sents an  artificial  fault),  whereas  it  should,  I  think,  be  shown 
between  earth  and  the  point  e. 

The  state  of  affairs  on  the  occurrence  of  an  earth  would 
then  be  as  shown  in  the  accompanying  figure,  from  which 
the  mesh-connected  secondaries  of  the  transformer  have  been 
omitted  for  the  sake  of  clearness.  Under  these  conditions, 
the  point  e  must  be  raised  above  earth  potential  by  an 
amount  equal  to  the  phase  voltage  of  the  system. 

The  net  result,  therefore,  would  be  almost  precisely  the 
same  as  if  an  earthing  resistance  had  been  joined  up  between 
the  neutral  point  of  the  generators  or  transformers  and  earth 
in  the  usual  way,  and  while,  under  the  special  conditions 
prevailing  in  Sheffield,  the  arrangement  had  doubtless  many 
advantages,  it  would  hardly  seem  as  though  the  greatly 
increased  cost  would  be  warranted  in  the  majority  of  cases. 
This  being  so,  it  may  be  of  interest  to  see  how  far  the 
various  advantages  enumerated  by  Mr.  Fedden,  in  his  first 


letter,  are  shared  by  the  earthing  reoistance   arrungeniont. 
Taking  tlfeui  in  order,  wo  have  : — 

1  and  J.  Willi  the  neutral  points  of  the  {(enerator-*  con- 
nected to  an  earthing  bar,  and  thence  through  a  resistance 
to  earth,  no  trouble  in  ex[x;ricne«l  in  practice  from  triple- 
frequency  currents,  so  that  it  is  uiineaiHsary,  in  the  majority 
of  cases,  to  take,  any  8[)ecial  precautions  with  u  view  to 
preventing  more  than  one  geiieratfjr  lx;ing  earthe<l  at  one 
time.  Should  trouble  bt;  anticipated  from  this  (;ausc,  a 
resistance  between  each  of  the  neutral  ixjints  and  the  earth- 
ing bar  will  limit  the  triple-frequency  currents  to  any  desirwl 
extent. 

8.  The  earth  current  can  equally  well  be  limited  U)  the 
minimum  value  necessary  for  tripping  any  of  the  well- 
known  earth  current  discriminating  devices,  and  by  this 
means  the  faulty  feeder  alone  is  cut  off  from  the  bus-bars. 

I.  In  both  systems — that  is,  with  the  earthing  resistance 
or  earthing  transformer — the  neutral  point  of  the  generators 
will  always  coincide  with  the  neutral  point  of  the  system,  and 
on  the  occurrence  of  a  dead  earth,  the  latter  will  be  raised 
above  earth  potential  by  the  phase  voltage. 

b.  The  fault  current  necessary  to  trip  the  breaker  on  the 
faulty  feeder  can  be  kept  as  low  as  may  be  thought  desirable 
without  interfering  in  any  way  with  the  overload  settings  of 
the  relays  or  breakers. 

6.  The  power  taken  by  the  earthing  resistance  method  is, 
under  normal  conditions,  nil,  and  the  total  cost  of  a  Brazil 
carbon  powder  resistance  would  be  something  like  one-fifth 
of  that  of  the  Sheffield  transformer. 

Kenelm  Edgcumbe. 

London,  S.W.,  February  \Uh,  1913. 


THE    USE    OF    ELECTRICITY     AND 
ELECTRICAL    ACCIDENTS    IN    MINES. 


The  general  report  of  the  Chief  Inspector  of  Mines  for  the 
year  1911  (Part  II)  contains  a  report  by  the  Electrical 
Inspector  of  Mines,  in  which  he  says  that  electricity  was  newly 
introduced  into  no  fewer  than  46  mines  in  1911,  as  against 
40  in  1910.  Under  Rule  1.5  of  the  Electricity  Special  Rules, 
notice  of  the  intention  to  introduce  electricity  must  be  given 
to  the  district  inspectors,  and  46  such  notices  were  received. 
Of  these  20  were  in  Scotland,  four  in  the  Newcastle  district, 
two  in  Durham,  two  in  Liverpool  and  North  Wales;  13  in 
South  Wales,  and  five  in  the  Midland  and  southern  district. 
Unfortunately,  no  particulars  of  the  installation  are  required 
to  be  given  under  this  rule,  but  from  such  particulars  as  are 
available,  it  appears  that  high-pressure  alternating  current 
was  introduced  in  five  mines,  medium-pressure  alternating 
current  into  11  mines,  medium-pressure  direct  current  into 
13  mines,  and  low-pressure  direct  current  into  four  mines. 
In  the  latter  cases  the  current  was  introduced  for 
lighting  purposes  only.  Under  the  new  rules,  however, 
which  came  into  force  on  March  9th,  1912,  full  particulars 
of  the  installation  must  be  given  so.that  "  a  complete  classi- 
fication of  the  different  systems  of  distribution,  together 
with  a  measure  of  the  growth  of  the  use  of  electricity 
in  mines,  will  be  possible  for  the  future."  The  fact 
that  46  mines  newly  introduced  electricity  is  most 
satisfactory,  and  we  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  new 
rules — which  insist  upon  more  attention  being  given  to 
the  design,  installation,  and  use  of  electrical  machinery  than 
has  hitherto  been  the  case — w^ll  so  far  improve  matters  and 
lessen  the  number  of  accidents,  that  all  the  old  objections 
as  to  its  being  a  serious  danger  in  a  mine  will  be  entirely 
removed  and  its  progression  will  be  by  leaps  and  bounds. 
The  most  dangerous  employment  of  electricity  is  admittedly 
that  of  coal-cutting,  but  in  1911  there  were  998  elec- 
trically driven  coal-cutters  at  work,  an  increase  of  no  less  than 
125  over  the  year  1910.  We  will  return  to  this  question 
later  on,  and  in  the  meantime  it  will  be  interesting  to 
briefly  review  the  inspector's  reports  of  accidents  due  to 
electricity. 

During  the  year  1910  there  were  in  all  21  fatal  accidents 
causing  21  deatlw,  but  for  the  year  1911  iihere  were  in  all 
only   14  fatal  accidents  causing  15  deaths.     Of  these,  how- 


262 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [Voi.  72.  No.  i,838,  febkuaby  u,  1918 


ever,  two  of  the  accidents  had,  strictly  speaking,  no  con 
nection  with  the  use  of  electricity  in  or  about  minea',  though 
they  were  reported  to,  and  investigated  by,  the  inspector  of 
the  district.  In  one  which  occurred  at  New  Great  Rocks 
(Quarry  (Derbyshire)  the  deceased — who  was  a  labourer — 
was  on  the  roof  of  a  building  with  the  foreman  deciding 
wliat  repairs  were  required,  when  he  either  fell  against  or 
took  hold  of  two  live  wires  and  was  killed.  In  the 
other,  two  men  each  received  aifatal  shock  from  a  live  stay 
wire  supporting  the  poles  of  a  ;-i,000-volt  three-phase  trans- 
mission line  about  haif-a-mile  distant  from  the  Lower 
Duffryn  Colliery  in  South  Wales.  It  appears  that  additional 
poles  were  being  erected  between  the  original  poles  in  order 
to  carry  larger  conductors,  and  the  night  before  the  accident 
an  intermediate  pole  had  been  fixed  adjacent  to  a  pole  where 
a  line  took  a  turn  at  right  angles,  in  such  a  way  that  an 
undue  strain  came  upon  the  cross-arm  which  canted, 
causing  one  of  the  insulators  to  be  drawn  from  its  support 
and  allowing  the  conductor  to  come  in  contact  with  a  stay 
wire  supporting  the  pole,  and  by  way  of  cradle — or  we 
suppose  guard  wires — made  a  metallic  connection  with  the 
next  post  where  the  men  were  killed.  The  leakage  caused 
the  pole  to  char,  and  the  smoke  being  observed  by  some  men 
engaged  excavating  lower  down  the  mountain  side,  the  foreman 
sent  one  of  the  men  to  investigate,  and  this  man  evidently 
came  in  contact  with  a  live  stay  wire  and  was  killed. 
Shortly  after,  another  of  the  workmen,  going  for  tools,  had  to 
pass  the  place,  and  he,  too,  received  a  fatal  shock — no  doubt 
while  trying  to  rescue  the  first  man.  Evidently  the  great 
strain  due  to  overhead  wires  had  been  under-estimated  by 
the  colliery  people,  and  this  accident  may  at  least  serve  to 
draw  their  attention  to  the  necessity  of  having  these 
particularly  strong — with  braced  corner  poles,  and  as 
few  stay  wires  as  possible.  Overhead  lines  are,  and  will  be 
more  so  in  the  near  future,  an  important  part  of  the  colliery 
installation,  and  they  deserve  more  attention  than  they  have 
hitherto  received.  The  other  overhead  transmission  lines 
of  the  company  were  all  fitted  with  the  Merz-Price  leakage 
cut-out  apparatus,  and  this  device  has  since  been  applied  to 
this  line.  AVe  would  strongly  recommend  other  colliery 
proprietors  who  have  important  overhead  transmission  lines, 
to  fit  this  really  useful  piece  of  protective  apparatus  if  they 
have  not  already  done  so. 

Although  these  accidents,  as  already  stated,  cannot  be 
said  to  have  any  bearing  upon  the  use  of  electricity  in 
mines,  yet  they  were  quite  rightly  reported  and 
investigated.  If,  however,  we  leave  them  out,  the 
figures  for  1911  directly  comparable  with  the  figures  for 
1910  are  :  12  accidents,  resulting  in  12  deaths,  or  nine  fewer 
fatalities  in  1911  than  in  1910,  which  is  a  distinct  improve- 
ment, though  the  number  is  still  regrettable,  when  one 
considers  that  most  of  them  at  least  might  have  been 
prevented  had  the  installation  been  laid  down  and  worked 
with  that  care  and  attention  which  its  importance 
demands. 

Of  the  12  fatal  accidents  then,  11  were  due  to  electric 
shock,  whilst  the  remaining  one  was  due  to  ignition  of 
fire-damp  by  electricity  in  an  underground  motor  room. 
According  to  districts,  five  occurred  in  Scotland,  two  in 
Newcastle,  three  in  Durham,  one  in  South  Wales,  and  one  in 
the  Midland  and  Southern  district. 

In  the  Scotland  district  four  of  the  accidents  were  under- 
ground and  one  on  the  surface,  and,  in  addition  seven 
persons  were  injured  (six  underground  and  one  on  the  sur- 
face). As  compared  with  1910,  the  Inspector  for  the  dis- 
trict, speaking  of  underground  accidents  only,  says  : — "This  is 
a  decrease  of  one  fatal  and  six  non-fatal  accidents,"  but  adding 
the  fatal  "  surface  "  accident,  the  number  of  fatalities  is  exactly 
the  same.  The  Inspector  fully  bears  out  the  views  we  have 
repeatedly  expressed  when  dealing  with  colliery  electrical 
accidents,  for  he  says  : — "  Several  of  the  accidents,  if  certain 
means  had  been  taken  by  the  officials,  or  more  care  had  been 
exercised  by  the  persons  in  charge  of  and  working  the 
machinery,  would,  in  all  probability,  have  been  prevented, 
and  I,  therefore,  give  a  .  .  .  detailed  description  of  them 
...  80  that  the  ifuggested  precautions  may  be  fully  con- 
sidered. Such  precautions  will,  I  trust,  be  adopted  where 
they  apply  by  those  in  charge  of  electric  installations." 

Two  of  the  accidents  were  in  connection  with  coal-cutting 
machines,  and  raise  the  question  as  to  "  whether  a  pressure 


which  would  be  unlikely  in  case  of  accident  to  have  fatal 
results,  should  not  be  useid  for  all  portable  motors  wherever 
it  is  possible." 

We  have  previously  expressed  the  view  that  all  portable 
motors,  such  as  are  fitted  to  coal-cutters,  should  be  of  low- 
voltage,  and  it  is  encouraging  to  find  an  Inspector  support- 
ing this  view.  He  (the  Inspector)  says  :  "  Both  accidents 
took  place  on  medium  pressure  alternating  current  systems, 
and  in  both  cases  had  the  pressure  been  transformed  to,  say, 
200  \olts  at  the  nearest  convenient  point  to  the  portable 
motors,  and  if  the  neutral  point  of  the  transformer  windings 
on  the  seconda^-y  side  had  been  earthed,  the  persons  who 
were  unfortunately  killed  could  not  have  received  shocks  of 
more  than  l.iO  volts  to  earth,  and,  therefore,  would  probably 
not  have  been  killed.  The  two  fatal  shocks  were,  in  fact, 
received  from  three-phase  alternating-current  systems  of 
550  volts  in  one  case  and  500  volts  in  the  other.  Mr, 
Nelson  (Electrical  Inspector),  when  making  inspections  in 
the  division,  has  recommended  the  system,  and  I  have  also 
suggested  that  it  should  be  adopted  at  several  collieries,  but 
objections  have  been  raised  that  the  size  of  the  coal-cutting 
machines  would  be  increased,  and  that  the  trailing  cabks 
would  be  so  heavy  as  to  become  unwieldy." 

These  objections  were,  however,  mainly  imaginative,  for 
careful  inquiries  put  to  the  makers  of  coal-cutting  machines 
elicited  the  reply  that  the  increase  of  size  would  be  trifling, 
and  that  the  height — which  is  the  chief  point  to  be  con- 
sidered in  a  coal-cutter,  would  not  be  increased ;  and  as 
regards  trailing  cables,  the  weight  due  to  the  increase  of 
size  could  be  met  by  making  them  shorter,  and  using  a 
larger  number  of  junction  or  "  gate-end  "  boxes  for  a 
given  length  of  face.  And,  as  the  Inspector  points  out, 
"  This  latter  would,  in  many  cases,  be  an  advantage  rather 
than  the  reverse,  as,  instead  of  a  long  length  of  trailing  cable 
dragging  along  the  pavement  of  a  face,  a  greater  length  of 
cable  would  be  in  the  gate  roads,  where  it  could  be  properly 
suspended,"  or  at  least,  properly  protected.  "  I  venture  to 
think  that  it  behoves  everyone  connected  with  the  use  of 
electricity  for  portable  motors  in  mines  to  give  this  suggestion 
their  careful  consideration.  If  the  system  were  given  a  trial, 
it  would,  I  feel  sure,  be  found  that  the  supposed  objections 
do  not  exist,  irifh  the  great  adrantnge,  from  a  safety  point  of 
view,  that  very  few,  if  any,  fatal  accidents  would  occur  on 
portable  machinery."  The  italics  are  ours,  and  we  hope  that 
both  colliery  managers  and  manufacturers  will  give  these 
words  the  serious  attention  they  deserve. 

As  to  the  accidents,  one  occurred  at  Bredisholm  Colliery 
and  the  other  at  Bardykes  Colliery.  In  the  first  the  supply 
is  on  the  three-phase  system,  at  a  pressure  of  3,000  volts,  and 
from  a  sub-station  at  the  top  of  No.  2  pit  the  current  is 
carried  below  ground  to  a  transformer  at  the  shaft  bottom, 
where  it  is  reduced  in  pressure  to  500  volts,  and  carried  in- 
bye  a  distance  of  about  (lOO  yards  to  a  coal-cutting  machine. 
The  deceased  was  killed  by  an  electric  shock  received  probably 
from  the  coal-cutter  of  the  haulage  rope.  At  the  time  of  the 
accident,  there  were  two  faults  on  the  500-volt  distribution 
system,  {a)  a  fault  on  one  phase  due  to  a  breakdown  of  insu- 
lation a  few  feet  from  the  transformer,  {h)  a  second  fault  on 
a  second  phase  due  to  the  same  cause  at  the  coal-cutter. 
The  frame  of  the  latter  was  earthed  by  means  of  armouring 
of  the  trailing  cable,  and  that  of  the  main  cable  to  earth- 
plates  sunk  at  the  surface,  and  there  was  a  set  of  fuses  at 
the  gate  end  box  in  the  coal-cutter  circuit  set  to  blow  at 
about  80  amperes.  The  resistance  of  the  armouring  of  the 
trailing  cable  was,  when  tested  after  the  accident,  found 
to  be  (i  ohms.  The  first  of  the  two  faults  probably 
accelerated  the  appearance  of  the  second  by  making 
the  system  temporarily  a  system  with  one  phase  at 
earth  potential,  as  this  made  a  connection  to 
earth  of  some  resistance  probably  very  low.  The  fault  at 
the  coal-cutter  caused  another  phase  to  be  earthed,  and  the 
resistance  between  the  two  faulted  phases  would  be  made  up 
of  the  resistance  to  earth  of  each  of  the  faults  plus  the  resist- 
ance of  the  armouring  of  the  trailing  cable  and  the  main 
cable.  Thus  the  resistance  in  the  armouring  of  the  trailing 
cable  alone  was  such  that  to  pass  a  fault  current-  of 
50  amperes  a  pressure  of  300  volts  or  more  may  have  arisen 
on  the  coal-cutter  frame,  a  condition  of  things  which  clearly 
explains  the  accident. 

At  the  Bardykes  Colliery  the  current  is  also  generated  on 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8MH,  KKBKnAKY  ii.iyia.i   THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIKW. 


ZOS 


the  thrce-phiiHo  HyHtcm  at  TiOO  voUh,  tind  iirmonred  ciiblcH 
are  URcd  IhrouKlioiit,  except  Llio  troiliii^'  oiihlcH, 
which  are  provided  with  ii  fourth  core,  for  the  [xiriwHc  of 
earthinp  the  fruiiu!  of  tht^  coul-eiitter  to  the;  iiriiioiirinji;  on 
the  nmin  cablca.  A  coal-cutting;  niacliine  hud  l)een  left 
standing  for  about  15  ininutcH  with  tlie  end  to  which  the 
traiiinpf  ciil)Ic  was  attaciied  diiectly  under  a  hrciik  in  th(! 
roof  from  which  a  Fniall  stream  of  water  was  falliiifj  on  to 
the  trailin;;;  cable  plujj  or  attachment  to  the  machine.  This 
caused  a  lireakdowii  of  (he  insulation  of  the  leads,  and  the 
frame  of  the  machine  to  become  "  live,"  and  the  deceased 
man  who  was  in  contact  with  it,  received  a  fatal  shock.  On 
investigation  it  was  found  that  the  pin  which  was  ])rovi(led 
with  a  collar  for  the  purpose  of  making  the  "earth"  con- 
nection when  screwed  into  position,  was  too  long,  and  tlie 
collar  could  not  be  screwed  tight,  and  the  earth  connection 
was  therefore  not  ethcicntly  made,  and  as  soon  as  the  fault 
developed  the  accident  occurred. 

We  are  inclined  to  think  there  is  an  impression  in  con- 
nection with  colliery  working,  that  anything  will  do  for  an 
earth  connection,  and  we  are  afraid  that  too  much  reliance 
is  being  placed  upon  the  armouring  of  cables — and  more 
especially  when  long  lengths  are  considered — as  necessarily 
they  must  fail  if  any  heavy  current  is  to  be  passed.  It 
would  have  been  interesting  to  know  in  the  case  of  tlie 
Bredisholm  accident,  if  the  resistance  of  the  trailing  cable 
alone  was  (>  ohms,  what  the  total  resistance  was.  As  we 
have  frequently  pointed  out,  it  does  not  follow  that  because 
the  armouring  may  be  in  contact  with  the  walls  of  the  mine, 
it  is,  so  to  speak,  making  by  these  contacts  paths  for  the  easy 
dispersal  of  leakage  current  through  the  strata  to  the  "  earth 
plates  "  which  are  sunk  at  the  surface,  but  the  armouring 
itself  may — and  in  most  cases  wc  venture  to  think  it  does — 
form  the  only  path  for  leakage  current,  and,  consequently, 
if  this  should  be  high  in  resistance,  as  was  the  case  in  this 
instance,  naturally  it  cannot  be  looked  upon  as  a  perfectly 
safe  method  of  "  earthing  "  any  system.  As  the  Inspector 
says  :  "  It  is  obvious  that  if  the  resistance  of  the  earth  wire 
to  the  coal-cutter  had  been  a  fraction  of  an  ohm,  say,  O'C  ohm 
instead  of  (i  ohms,  the  fuse  protecting  the  circuit  would  have 
been  called  into  operation,  and,  almost  certainly,  without 
danger  to  the  men,  as  the  fuse  would  have  blown  before  the 
pressure  on  the  coal-cutter  frame  could  have  become 
dangerous." 

As  regards  the  other  accident,  it  is  not,  we  think,  the 
first  time  an  accident  has  occurred  through  a  fault  in  the 
connecting  bolt,  or,  at  any  rate,  in  the  "  efficiency  "  of  the 
connection  :  and  then,  as  the  Inspector  points  out,  "  the 
plug  should  not  have  been  allowed  to  be  under  the  stream 
of  water.  Any  unearthed  machine  frame  not  perfectly 
water-tight  would  become  alive  in  these  circumstances,  and 
those  in  charge  should  have  taken  steps  to  protect  the 
machine  from  the  water  by  temporary  means,  or,  if  that 
were  impossible,  they  should  at  once  have  switched  the 
current  off,"  and  as  regards  the  defect  in  the  clamp  pin, 
"  these  are  matters  which  should  be  constantly  inquired  into 
by  the  higher  officials  and  electricians,"  with  which  we 
agree,  but  it  is  just  one  of  these  little  things  which  the 
"  higher  "  officials  have  no  time  to  deal  with,  and  it  would 
be  much  more  satisfactory  to  instruct  the  man  in  charge  of 
the  machine  not  to  put  it  to  work  unless  every  little  detail 
was  in  perfect  order,  or  if  something  goes  wrong  not  to  start 
the  machine  again  until  it  is  put  right. 

At  Devon  Colliery,  where  a  road  repairer  was  killed, 
three-phase  current  is  generated  at  650  volts,  and  the  system 
is  entirely  insulated  from  earth.  The  current  is  carried 
underground  by  an  armoured  cable,  and  from  a  distribution 
box  near  the  shaft  a  three-core  unarmoured  Dialite  cable 
is  carried  into  the  seam  to  a  distribution  and  switch -box,  and 
from  this  box  three  single-core  unarmoured  Dialite  cables 
are  carried  to  two  gat«  end  boxes  into  two  districts  where 
coal-cutting  machines  are  in  use.  The  coal-cutter  frames 
were  earthed  through  a  fourth  core  in  the  trailing  cable  to 
the  gate  end  boxes,  and  from  these  7/16  galvanised 
iron  wires  with  soldered  joints  were  carried  from  each  district 
and  joined  together  near  the  distribution  box,  and  from 
thence  continued  by  only  one  wire  to  a  copper  earth  plate 
2  ft.  X  2  ft.  X  \  in.,  to  which  it  was  bolted  by  a  lug. 
The  plate  was  placed  in  a  clear  water  hole  6  ft.  by  4  ft.  by 
8  ft.  deep,  and  a  good  flow  of  water  passed  over  it  on  its 


way  to  the  shaft.  In  moving  the  cablen  u>  rarrv  onl  Home 
repairH,  one  of  them  by  w>inc  meiins  or  oilier  "  wm 
hanging  on  top  of  th(;  earth  wire,"  and  deciiwed  was  wi^;n 
"  twiHted  with  his  arm  over  the  j-arth  wire."  Kvidently 
the  insulation  of  the  cable  harl  broken  down,  a«  "on  the 
day  following,  or  two  days  after  the  accident,  Mr.  .Nfagtfirman 
found  the  cable  had  a  hole  [  in.  x  jj  in.  deep  in  it,  the 
co])per  was  pitted,  and  th<;  insulation  was  also  burned.  A 
gahunometer  test  on  the  earth  wire  gave  continuity,  bat 
th(!  galvanised  wire  which  was  in  the  water-hole  at  the  earth 
plate  was  p.r/cn.siir/i/  ronoihil.  There  were  !t  ft.  of  wire 
under  water,  and  some  parts  were  w orsf.  <  orrodwl  than  others. 
!!(!  broke  olT  one  strand  in  bending  the  wire,  the  length  ftf 
which  was  about  '.\  in.,  but  the  worst  and,  I  think,  the 
vital  part  was  close  to  the  lug,  as  four  of  tlie  strands  were 
eaten  through  and  the  remaining  three  looked  less  than  ^,f  in., 
one  of  them  being  nearly  half  eaten  away."  Again,  "the 
accident  was  due  to  the  earth  wire  not  being  of  xufficieni 
(■(ipacitij  to  disperse  the  leak  without  danger.  The  earthing 
system  would  have  been  more  satisfactory  if  the  earth  cables 
had  had  greater  conductivity  ....  and  if  in  addition  to 
the  earth  plate  below  ground,  the  cables  had  been  taken  to 
a  plate  sunk  at  the  surface."  The  italics  are  ours,  and  here 
again  the  impression  that  anything  will  do  for  an  earth  wire 
seems  to  have  existed,  and  we  may  suppose  that  by  putting 
the  earth  plates  in  running  water,  certainty  of  perfect 
"  earth  "  would  be  doubly  assured.  To  bury  plates  in  a  pond, 
whether  of  still  or  running  water,  is  not  necessarily  ensuring 
good  earth  conditions,  but  often  the  reverse,  and  whatever 
was  the  reason  for  putting  the  earth  plates  below  ground  ? 
And  why  should  they  mix  up  their  cables  with  (1)  an 
armoured  shaft  three-core  cable  ;  then  (2)  an  unarmoured 
three-core  cable  ;  and  (3)  finish  up  with  three  single-core 
cables  ? 

{To  be  continued.) 


LEGAL 


LiTHOiJTE,  Ltd.,  r.  Travis. 

In  this  case,  Mr.  Justice  Joyce  heard  a  motion  in  the  Chancery 
Division  on  Friday,  February  7th,  to  restrain  the  defendant  from 
disclosing  trade  secrets  or  secret  processes  which  came  to  his 
knowledge  while  in  the  employ  of  the  plaintiffs  as  their  works 
manager  at  Hackney  Grove,  and  to  restrain  him  from  infringing: 
plaintiffs'  copyright  in  their  catalogue  or  price-list  of  standard 
litholite  and  litholite  articles. 

Mr.  Hughes,  K.C,  on  behalf  of  the  plaintiffs,  said  this  was  a 
serious  case.  The  plaintiff  company  made  electric  fittings  of  a 
substance  known  as  litholite.  This  was  not  a  patent,  but  was 
made  by  a  process  known  only  to  themselves,  and  they  had  a  very 
large  trade  in  bushes,  handles,  and  other  insulatinfr  appliances.  In 
October,  1908,  theV  employed  Mr.  Thos.  Travis,  the  defendant,  as 
their  works  manager,  and  a  formal  agreement  was  entered  into  in 
November,  by  which  Mr.  Travis  agreed  "  to  make  over  any  new 
processes  discovered  by  him  during  the  time  of  his  service  or  three 
years  afterwards,  and  not  to  disclose  any  (of  the  plaintiffs)  trade 
secrets,  or  secret  processes  of  manufacture,  or  to  use  them  apart 
from  the  company."  Under  that  agreement,  Mr.  Travis  worked  for 
three  years — until,  in  fact,  he  had  acquired  a  full  knowledge  of  the 
plaintiffu'  business.  That  he  had  no  such  previous  knowledge  was 
shown  by  a  letter  written  when  applying  for  the  post  in  190)S. 
In  that,  Mr.  Travis  said,  "  As  I  do  not  possess  experience  practically 
in  your  business,  I  would  be  the  more  zealous  to  acquire  full  and 
early  competence."  In  January,  1912,  Mr.  Travis  left  the  plaintiffs" 
employ,  and  it  would  appear  that  it  then  occurred  to  him  to  form 
or  promote  a  company  for  the  purpose  of  taking  advantage  of  the 
knowledge  he  had  acquired.  Accordingly,  in  May,  1912,  Insulators, 
Ltd.,  was  incorporated,  with  a  nominal  capital  of  £2,000,  of  which 
Mr.  Travis  held  £1,250  or  £1,350,  and  two  Manchester  men  named 
Carney  and  Smith  held  the  rest.  The  office  of  the  company  was 
Hyde  Road,  West  Gorton,  Manchester.  With  that  company,  Mr. 
Travis  entered  into  an  agreement  to  act  as  manager,  and  to  disclose 
all  knowledge  he  had  of  the  manufacture  of  electrical  apparatus 
and  details  of  manufacture.  It  was  clear  from  the  evidence  that 
the  company  had  manufactured  electrical  apparatus  of  the  same 
substance  as  plaintiffs'  manufacture,  and  which  they  called  litho- 
lite. Further  than  that,  the  defendant  company  had  copied  the 
catalogues  or  price  list  of  the  plaintiff  company  and  made  use  of 
the  copies. 

His  LOBDSHIP  :  What  do  they  say  about  that .' 

Mr.  HrGHES  :  What  is  said  is  that  the  knowledge  Travis  is 
making  use  of  on  behalf  of  Insulators,  Ltd..  is  not  knowledge 
acquired  in  the  service  of  the  plaintiffs,  though  I  think. that  can 
hardly  be  true  in  view  of  his  letters. 


'254 


THE    ELECTEICAL    REVIEW.  [Voi.  72.  No.  i,838,febe0aet  h,  1913. 


An  affidavit  by  Mr.  Alexander  Rugeell,  of  Faraday  Houec,  was 
read,  in  which  the  deponent  said  that  on  chemical  analysiB  he 
foand  the  litholite  made  by  Insulators,  Ltd.,  to  be  made  of  the 
same  ingrredients,  in  substantially  the  same  proportions,  as  that 
produced  by  the  plaintiffs. 

Proceeding,  Mr.  Hiishks  alsso  read  an  afiida\-it  filed  by  the 
defendant  Travis,  in  which  he  said  he  had  not  disclosed  any  secret 
process,  and  it  was  not  true  that  litholite  was  manufactured  by  the 
plaintiffs  by  a  secret  pr(Jcess  :  further,  that  litholite  had  been  used  by 
one  Charles  Hesse,  who  had  described  it  in  a  posthumous  work  as 
made  of  sawdust,  dried  blood,  and  bichromate  of  potash  ;  and  that 
in  a  cacaloffne  issued  by  the  plaintiffs  themselves,  litholite  had 
been  described  as  made  of  earths,  resins,  and  fossil  pums.  Further, 
that  recipe  of  litholite  was  contained  in  a  book  published  as  early  as 
IS86. 

An  affidavit  in  reply  by  Mr.  Walter  Theodore  Hunt,  of  the  plaintiff 
company,  was  also  read  by  Mr.  Hughes.  In  this  Mr.  Hunt 
said  that  plaintiffs'  insulating  material  was  not  made  of  sawdust, 
dried  blood,  and  potash,  nor  of  earth's  resins  and  fossil  gums,  as 
Mr.  Travis  inaccurately  asserted  to  have  been  stated  in  a  catalogue. 
The  catalogue  in  (juestion  showed,  said  Mr.  Hunt,  that  the 
insulating  material  made  by  his  company  was  compounded  of 
sUicas  carefully  selected,  fossil  resins,  &c.,  and  the  recipe  did  not 
appear  in  the  book  referred  to. 

Mb.  Shaw  Cooper,  on  behalf  of  the  defendant,  argued  that  the 
process  of  manufacturing  litholite  was  common  knowledge  such  as 
he  was  entitled  to  use  ;  and  with  regard  to  such  a  matter  the 
agreement  was  not  binding  since  it  would  be  in  restraint  of  trade  if 
defendant  should  be  restrained  from  using  any  process  which  was 
common  property. 

His  Lordship  :  Why  .'  You  are  taken  in  to  work  certain  pro- 
cesses for  your  employer,and  yon  promise  you  won't  use  them  apart 
from  the  employment.  However,  that  may  be  a  question  for  the 
trial. 

Me.  Shaw  Coopeb  said  that  in  the  Technico  Chemical  receipt 
book  published  in  1886  and  reprinted  in  l.s95,  there  was  a  recipe  for 
litholite  used,  in  fact,  by  the  defendant.  This  gave  the  components 
as  mineral  wax,  asbestos,  and  tar.  It  was  admitted  that  both  the 
litholites  were  made  by  the  same  process,  but  this  process  was  not 
a  secret.  In  the  letters  of  1908,  no  doubt,  Mr.  Travis  said  he  had 
no  practical  knowledge,  but  he  had  chemical  knowledge  which  he 
might  always  make  use  of.  There  was  no  inconsistency  between 
these  statements. 

His  Lordship  :  He  has  stolen  part  of  his  late  employer's 
catalogue. 

Mr.  Shaw  Cooper  denied  that  this  was  stolen  ;  all  that  the 
man  had  done  was  to  copy  to  save  himself  expense.  However,  he 
would  not  resist  an  injunction  as  to  the  catalogue.  As  to  the  other 
things,  no  injunction  should  be  granted. 

His  Loed.ihip,  in  giving  judgment,  said,  in  his  view,  Mr.  Travis 
was  a  very  clever  and  unscrupulous  person,  and  on  the  evidence  the 
plaintiffs  had  proved  (juite  engugh  for  an  interlocutory  injunction. 
Defendant  had  certainly  stolen  part  of  the  plaintiffs'  catalogue,  and, 
he  believed,  had  violated  the  plaintiffs'  secrets.  On  the  usaal 
undertaking  as  to  damages  in  case  his  Lordship  should  prove  to  be 
quite  wrong  in  his  opinion  (as  he  might  be),  and  in  case  the 
defendant  might  succeed  at  the  trial,  he  would  grant  an  injunction. 


The  Osram    Lamp  Works,  Ltd.,  i-.  The  Oba  Light  Co. 
In   the  Chancery   Division  on  Friday,  February  7th,  Mr.  Justice 
Swinfen  Eady  had  before  him  a  motion  in  this  action. 

Mr.  Gray  said  it  was  a  motion  for  an  injunction.  The  parties 
had  agreed  that  the  motion  should  be  treated  as  a  trial  of  the 
action,  and  there  should  be  an  injunction  by  consent. 

His  Lordship  :  An  injunction  for  what .' 

Counsel  for  defendants  said  that  he  was  instructed  to  agree  to  an 
injunction  during  the  continuance  of  the  letters'  patents  in  the 
terms  of  the  notice  of  motion,  restraining  defendant  company  from 
.««IIing  any  lamps  which  were  infringements  of  plaintiffs'  patents, 
the  motion  to  be  treated  as  the  trial  of  the  action. 

His  Lordship  :  That  is  an  end  of  it  then.  Defendants  pay  the 
costs  ? 

Counsel  :  Yes. 

His  Lordship  :  Very  well,  treat  the  motion  as  the  trial  of  the 
action  ;  a  perpetual  injunction,  and  defendants  to  pay  costs.  Also 
an  inqniry  as  to  damages. 


The  Osbam  Lamp  Works,  Ltd.,  r.  Louis  Schloss  &  Co. 

In  the  Chancery  Division,  on  Friday,  February  7th,  Mr.  Justice 
Swinfen  Eady  had  before  him  a  motion  in  this  action  to  restrain 
infringement  of  plaintiffs'  patent  rights  in  regard  to  electric 
lamps. 

Mb.  Gray  appeared  for  the  plaintiffs,  and  said  that  he  under- 
stood the  defendants  wanted  a  fortnight's  adjournment  to  get 
evidence  from  abroad. 

Ilis  LoitD.'^HlP  :  Where  from  .' 

Mr.  Frost,  for  the  defendants,  said  they  desired  to  obtain 
evidence  from  Brussels  and  Italy.  The  defendants  in  this  case 
were  not  the  manufacturers  of  the  lamp  complained  of,  "  The 
Edna."  They  were  under  the  impression  that  the  filament  of  the 
lamp  was  manufactured  by  a  firm  in  Brussels,  but  they  had  since 
discovered  that  it  was  in  fact  made  in  Milan.  He  (counsel)  was 
•isaured  that  the  filaments  in  question  were  made  by  a  process  quite 

■tside  the  plaintiffs'  patents, 
'is  Lordship  allowed  the  matter  to  be  adjourned  for  a  week. 


Edinbubgh  Tramway  Accident  Vbbdjct  Set  Aside. 

In  the  First  Division  of  the  Court  of  Session,  judgment  was  given 
in  the  application  for  a  new  trial  by  the  Edinburgh  and  District 
Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.,  in  the  action  against  them  by  a  domestic 
servant  for  damages  in  respect  of  injuries.  When  the  case  was 
tried  by  Lord  Hunter  and  a  jury,  a  verdict  was  returned  for  pursuer, 
and  the  damages  were  assessed  at  £350.  The  First  Division  held 
that  the  verdict  could  not  be  allowed  to  stand,  and  assoilzied  the 
defenders. 

The  Lord  President  held  that  it  was  pursuer's  own  negligence 
that  led  to  the  accident.  On  the  question  of  expenses,  the  Court 
appealed  to  the  company  not  to  move  for  expenses,  and  counsel  for 
the  company  agreed. 


Glasgow  Tramway  Accident  Claims. 

Lord  Dewar,  in  the  Court  of  Session,  has  approved  an  issue  for 
the  trial  by  jury  of  an  action  by  a  vanman  against  Glasgow  Cor- 
poration for  £500  damages  for  personal  injuries.  Pursuer,  whose 
van  was  run  into  by  a  car,  attributes  fault  to  the  driver,  while 
defenders  deny  liability,  and  allege  that  pursuer  was  not  keeping 
a  proper  look  out.  In  another  action  brought  by  a  Govan  riveter, 
the  Corporation  is  sued  for  £1,000.  The  contention  is  that  the 
car  which  knocked  him  down  was  going  at  an  excessive  speed. 


Hughes  r.  Hobabt  Electric  Manutactubing  Co, 

Judge  Allen,  at  Nottingham  County  Court,  gave  judgment  for 
the  defendants  in  an  action  brought  by  Mr.  H.  K.  Hughes,  of 
Nottingham,  against  the  Hobart  Electric  Manufacturing  Co.,  of 
America  and  London. 

Plaintiff,  who  claimed  £4  38.  8d.  for  goods  delivered,  stated 
that  he  was  formerly  the  tenant  of  a  shop  in  St.  Peter's  Gate, 
Nottingham.  He  intended  to  leave  the  premises  at  the  last  March 
quarter-day,  and  the  defendant  company  desired  to  enter  the 
premises  a  fortnight  before  quarter-day.  Mr.  Forbes  Leith,  who 
described  himself  as  the  northern  manager  of  the  company,  told 
Mr.  Hughes  that  they  wanted  to  take  the  shop  as  soon  as  possible, 
and  plaintiff  said  he  would  forgo  the  fortnight's  rent  if  Leith  would 
give  him  the  order  to  execute  the  lighting.  To  this  Leith  agreed, 
and  the  lamp,  which  was  the  subject  of  the  present  claim,  was 
fixed,  but  when  plaintiff  sent  his  invoice  to  the  company,  they 
repudiated  it,  and  referred  him  to  Mr.  Leith. 

For  the  defence,  Mb.  Wright,  the  European  manager  of  the 
company,  stated  that  Leith  was  never  their  northern  manager, 
and  had  no  authority  to  order  goods  on  behalf  of  the  company. 
He  was  their  district  sales  agent,  and  when  witness  found  he  had 
put  up  a  plate  describing  himself  as  manager,  he  instructed  him  to 
take  it  down.  He  had  no  authority  to  pledge  the  company's 
credit. 


Winding-up  Petitions. 


The  Rapid  Magnetting  Machine  Co.,  Ltd.,  petitioned  in  the 
Companies"  Court,  before  Mr.  .Justice  Swinfen  Eady,  on  Tuesday, 
for  the  compulsory  winding  up  of  the  Polack  Manufacturing  Co., 
Ltd.  As  there  was  a  possibility  of  plaintiffs  being  paid,  his  Lord- 
ship allowed  the  petition  to  stand  over  for  a  month. 

On  Tuesday,  in  the  Companies'  Winding-up  Court,  Mr.  Justice] 
Swinfen  Eady  had  before  him  the  petition  of  the  British  Westing- 
house  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  compulsory' 
winding  up  of  the  (Jarnant  Anthracite  Collieries,  Ltd.  Mr. 
Copping,  for  the  respondent  company,  said  the  directors  were  in 
Paris,  and  they  had  hopes  of  resuscitatinK  the  company.  The 
petition  was  dismissed,  without  costs, 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Fifty  Years'  Snccess  in  New  Zealand.  — The  story 

of  the  experiences  of  pioneers  who  went  out  to  seek  their  fortunes 
in  other  lands  many  years  ago,  meeting  privation  and  difficulty, 
and  having  to  rough  it,  subsequently  climbing  over  their  diffi- 
culties, seizing  opportunities,  and  building  up  a  big  fortune, '« 
always  affords  absorbingly  interesting  reading.  And  in  these) 
days  of  foreign  and  Colonial  trade  expansion,  when  nearly  every-'!' 
other  man  appears  to  think  that  in  order  to  get  "  on ''  he  must 
get  "out  "of  the  country,  interest  in  such  achievements  is  not 
likely  to  lessen.  We  confess  to  feelings  of  admiration  and  almost 
envy  at  the  progress  of  one  of  these  pioneers  and  his  associates, 
which  we  have  been  privileged  to  read  in  a  brochure,  '  1862-1912,"' 
telling  the  story  of  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  firm  of  A.  &  T, 
Burt.  Ltd.,  of  New  Zealand,  which  was  issued  on  the  occasipn  o: 
their  jubilee.  Mr.  Alexander  Burt,  the  present  chairman  of  the' 
concern,  went  out  from  Scotland  to  "Victoria  in  1859,  when  !•' 
years  of  age,  and  after  viscissitudes  of  many  kinds,  including  gold^ 
fever  intervals,  he  started  in  New  Zealand  a  small  15  ft.  x  20  ft. 
workshop  (plumbing  and  zinc  working),  being  joined  shortly  after 
by  a  brother.  The  brochure  tells  of  the  advances,  works  exten- 
sions, new  branches,  engineers  shops,  copper  shop,  lead-pipe  making, 
core  winding,  iron-moulding  shops,  fitting  shops,  and  so  on,  leading 
on  to,  or  forming  part  of,  the  widespread  business  that  the  firm  hM 
to-day   in   Dunedin,  Auckland,  Wellington,  Christohurch    Timaru 


i 


Vol.72.  No.  i,h;is,  kkmiujaky  II,  i'ji:i.i 'j'Ul'j    li'iLECTRICA L    KKVLEW. 


25fj 


Inv«roar(;ill,  Port  CIihIiikth  and  Iiondon.  Tlio  illrootorat«  conHiRtn 
of  flvo  "  IturfB,"  iiictudiui;  thti  foundor  already  niinicd.  Tho  capital 
of  tho  conutirii  iH  £100,000.  Tho  firm  aro  tlui  Niiw  /iPftlariil  ai^onto 
of  MoMHrH.  HidinonH  IlrotherH  Dynamo  WorkH,  Ltd.,  to  whom  wo  are 
indebted  for  the  loan  of  this  intercHtlnp;  book,  and  for  whom 
MeHwrn.  Hurt  Hociirod  tho  Auckland  Corporation  electrical  contract 
(£,H3,00o),  which  i«  now  in  hand.  The  firm'H  electrical  department 
WBH  op«'nod  111  yearn  ai;o,  and  our  roaderH  who  know  Homethinif 
about  tho  electrical  dovolopmont  that  haw  been  and  in  proccediii(^  in 
New  Zealand,  will  not  bo  BurpriHod  to  learn  that  thin  department 
haH  gone  ahead  by  leaps  and  boundtt.  Tho  firni'n  workHhopnl  at 
Dunedin,  of  oourHo,  have  thoir  own  oloctrioal  power  installation. 

Italy.— According  to  //  Sole,  a  Venetian  financial  group, 
at  the  head  of  which  in  Commendatoro  Nicolo  Hpada,  has  com- 
pleted the  Htudies  for  the  constniction  of  an  electric  tube  railway 
under  the  lagoon,  with  the  view  of  unitini;  tlio  city  of  Venice  with 
the  Lido — tho  lonjr  belt  of  lowland  separating  the  la(foon  from  the 
Adriatic.  Tho  object  of  the  scheme  is  to  relieve  the  congestion  of 
population  in  the  city  and  counteract  the  constant  rise  in  price  of 
land,  by  the  utilisation  of  the  building  land,  which  will  be 
rendered  available  on  the  Lido.  The  course  taken  by  the  tunnel 
will  be  in  the  direction  of  the  Giudecca,  the  largest  of  the  islands 
in  the  lagoon,  connection  with  which  will  also  afford  an  openinff 
for  the  expansion  of  the  population  outwards.  When  realised  the 
tube  will  neces.iarily  lessen  the  navigation  dues  now  paid  by  ship- 
ping crossing  to  the  Lido,  but  this  will  be  set  off  by  the  increased 
demand  for  energy  from  the  city's  generating  station  at  Celliua, 
which  will  ensue. 

Kediicfion   of  Capital. — Mili,ek   \    Soxs,  Ltd. — A 

petition  for  confirmation  of  reduction  of  capital  from  £30,000  to 
£18,447  has  been  presented.  Notice  appears  in  our  advertisement 
pages. 

Book  Notices. — Mannvl  PruHquo  ilv  Soiuhiro  Au/oi/hie. 
By  R.Granjon  andP.Rosenibcrg.  Paris:  ( »fBce Central  de  1' Acetylene. 
Price  6  f  r. — Naturally,  this  book  deals  only  with  acetylene  welding,  but 
it  does  so  in  a  very  complete  fashion .  The  nature  and  properties  of  the 
blow-pipe  flame,  the  various  applications  of  autogenous  welding,  the 
manipulation  of  gas  bottles  and  acetylene  generators,  the  welding 
characteristics  of  the  different  metals,  welding  machines,  k.c.,  are  all 
fully  treated  of,  with  numerous  illustrations  of  the  wonderfully 
clever  work  that  is  regularly  accomplished  with  the  oxy -acetylene 
tiame.  Anyone  who  is  concerned  with  welding  or  cutting  with  the 
blow-pipe  will  find  this  book  both  interesting  and  instructive,  and 
our  only  regret  is  that  it  is  marred  by  a  brief,  but  wholly  unjusti- 
fiable and  untrue,  attack  on  electric  welding. 

Aiinuaire  Tiiter national  de  VAcefijlhie.  1912.  Price  A  fr. 
— This  annual,  by  the  same  authors  and  publishers  as  the 
foregoing,  contains  a  mass  of  information  relating  to  acety- 
lene and  calcium  carbide,  in  all  their  varied  applications.  The  use 
of  acet>lene  for  lighting  purposes  is  very  fully  dealt  with  ;  owing 
to  the  keen  competition  of  electricity  and  coal  gas,  not  a  score  of 
examples  of  public  supply  of  acetylene  exist  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  and  the  places  named  in  the  list  given  in  the  Amuiaire 
are  almost  all  villages  of  one  or  two  thousand  inhabitants.  Our 
consumption  of  carbide  for  all  purposes  in  1911  was  about  lt;,000 
tons,  an  increase  of  2,000  tons  ;  the  only  factory  making  carbide  in 
this  country  is  that  at  Thornhill,  with  a  production  of  2,000  tons 
per  annum.  The  principal  producers  of  the  world  are  Sweden  and 
Norway,  with  a  joint  output  of  52,000  tons  a  year,  and  the  United 
States,  .50,000  tons  ;  next  come  France,  32,000  ;  Switzerland,  30,000  ; 
Italy,  28,000  :  Austria-Hungary,  22,500 ;  Spain  and  Portugal, 
18,000;  Jind  Canada,  12,000  tons  a  year.  The  world's  production 
in  1910-11  was  258,700  tons,  exclusive  of  carbide  for  the  manu- 
facture of  cyanamide,  of  which  20,000  tons  was  produced.  A  table 
of  costs  of  various  illuminants  is  given,  accompanied  by  the  remark, 
regarding  electric  lamps,  that  the  candle-power  falls  off  rapidly,  and 
that  this  is  an  important  consideration  in  view  of  the  high  cost  of 
metallic-filament  lamps.  The  writer  of  this  libel  ought  to  be 
aware  that  the  candle-power  of  metallic-filament  lamps  falls  off 
very  little  indeed,  and  that  of  arc  lamps  not  at  all. 

An»uaire  du  Bureau  drx  Longitudes  pour  VAiinee  1913.  Paris  : 
Gauthier-Villars.  Price  1  fr.  50. — This  year  the  Annuaire  contain, 
in  addition  to  the  astronomical  data,  tables  relating  to  geography, 
statistics,  metrology,  &c.,  but  not  physics  and  chemistry,  which 
will  appear  next  year.  One  of  the  special  articles  is  by  Com- 
mandant Ferrie,  on  the  application  of  wireless  telegraphy  to  the 
transmission  of  time,  which  has  in  recent  years  assumed  great 
importance.  By  this  means  comparisons  of  time  at  different  places 
can  be  made  to  an  accuracy  of  one  or  two  hundredths  of  a  second. 

Recherchex  sur  la  Commvtation  dans  lex  Dynamox  a  rourant 
continu.  iBy  A.  Mauduit.  Paris  :  Dunod  &  Pinat.  Price  9  f  r. — In  this 
work  the  author  embodies  a  critical  discussion  of  the  theory  of 
commutation  together  with  the  details  and  results  of  his  own 
investigations.  The  first  part  deals  with  the  development  of  the 
theory,  from  the  work  of  Keid  to  the  Arnold  equation,  and  the 
successive  steps  in  the  elucidation  of  the  numerous  problems  and 
difficulties  met  with  in  the  endeavour  to  reconcile  the  phenomena 
observed  in  practice  with  the  conclusions  derived  from  theoretical 
principles.  In  the  second  part  the  author  shows  how  he  hjs 
endeavoured,  by  separate  investigation  of  the  many  variable  factors 
met  with  in  the  complex  operation  of  commutation,  to  arrive  at 
definite  laws  governing  the  relations  of  these  and  to  deduce 
working  formul.r  for  the  guidance  of  the  designer.  He  finds  that 
contact  resistance  plays  a  much  less  important  part  in  commu- 
tation than  is  generally  supposed,  and  that  consequently  the 
accepted  theories,  based  upon  inaccurate  hypotheses,  lead  to  results 
of  no  great  practical  value.' 


The  Arhil rutiiiii  ('ltiu$i<  m  /■/ni/inrrriiii/  and  Iluildiiiij  f,ifttr<ir1t. 
By  E.  J.  Kiiiimer,  lSurriMt<;r-at-Law.  London  :  CoiiHtablo  k  Co. 
Price  2h.  net.  Thin  little  lM>ok  ntatft*  that  tho  ixiwem  of  an  «-nt'ln«wr 
under  a  contract  for  ongini-oring  or  building  workn  huvn  \fpn 
seriously  undermined  by  rocent  dnolHionH  in  the  Court  of  Ap|H-al  and 
tho  HouHO  of  Lords.  Tho  author  conniderH  tho  effect  of  th<-iui 
declHionH,  and  HiiggoHtH  inodificationii  which  may  lio  inwlo  in  eiit'inc<!r- 
ing  contracts  for  tho  bettor  nocurity  of  tbeiuittloment  of  diHputc«  by 
arbitration. 

Htrdrio  I'oirfr  Tratu  mint  ion  hy  Aluminium  f'ondurtort. — By 
issuing  this  pamphlet,  which  bringH  together  in  convenient  form  a 
mass  of  information  relating  to  the  electrical  uhm  of  aluminium, 
tho  British  Aluminium  Co.,  Ltd.,  havo  benefited  not  only  them- 
BolvcH  and  their  clients,  but  also  all  engineers  who  aro  concerne*! 
with  overhead  transmiKPion  lines.  Tho  cost  of  aluminium  con- 
ductors at  present  prices  is  about  40  por  cent,  less  than  that  of 
copper  conductors,  and  consequently  tho  use  of  aluminium  <■ 
extending  in  all  parts  of  the  world  ;  the  development  of  watcr- 
powers,  which  are  usually  situated  far  from  large  centres  of 
population,  tends  to  increase  the  Importance  of  the  subject,  and 
many  concerns  of  the  first  magnitude  have  adopted  the  metal  for 
very  extensive  transmission  undertakings.  Particulars  regarding 
the  physical  characteristics  of  aluminium  wire,  very  fully  detailed 
and  compared  with  those  of  copper,  arc  followed  by  tables  of 
standard  si/.es,  resistance  and  weight.  The  regulations  laid  down 
by  various  Governments  for  overhead  lines  are  then  given,  and  the 
restrictive  effect  of  an  excessive  factor  of  safety  is  referred  to,  a 
value  of  three  being  recommended  (used  in  France,  Germany  and 
Austria),  instead  of  five,  as  specified  by  our  Board  of  Trade  ;  a 
factor  of  safety  of  two  is  often  used  in  the  U.S.A.  and  I'anada, 
where  probably  more  aluminium  lines  are  used  than  in  any  other 
part  of  the  world.  The  torsion-sleeve  joint  is  recommended. 
Other  tables  are  given  which  facilitate  the  calculation  of  trans- 
mission lines,  as  well  as  charts  and  diagrams,  and  data  are  included 
showing  the  relative  costs  of  copper  and  aluminium  lines,  complete 
with  towers  and  insulators,  .Vc.  The  pamphlet  will  prove  to  be  a 
valuable  work  of  reference. 

Abstract  Bulletin  of  the  Physical  Laboratory  of  the  National 
Electric  Lamp  Association,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  U.S.A.  Vol.  I,  No.  1. 
From  the  Laboratory. — This  is  the  first  published  collection  of 
abstracts  covering  all  the  researches  carried  out  in  the  Laboratory 
from  its  inception,  in  1908,  to  the  summer  of  1912,  under  the  nnper- 
vision  of  the  director,  Mr.  E.  P.  Hyde,  and  is  intended  to  bring 
together  the  principal  results  that  have  been  obtained,  the  abstracts 
being  fairly  lengthy  and  fully  illustrated.  References  are  given  to 
the  various  journals  in  which  the  original  papers  (28  in  number) 
were  published  in  extenso,  so  that  those  who  desire  more  complete 
information  will  have  no  difficulty  in  obtaining  it.  The  researches 
deal  with  a  wide  range  of  phenomena  in  connection  with  light  and 
radiation  in  general,  visual  acuity,  photometry  and  other  matters 
relating  to  light  and  illumination,  and  represent  a  vast  amount  of 
original  investigation  of  the  highest  order.  The  issue  of  this  useful 
nummary  of  the  results  obtained  cannot  fail  to  be  of  great  service 
to  those  interested  in  illuminating  engineering. 

IjAnnee  Electrique,  Klei-trotherapiqve  et  Badioi/rapfiique.  By 
Dr.  Foveau  de  Courmelles.  1913.  Paris:  Ch.  Beranger.  Price 
3  fr.  50. — This  annual  review  is  now  in  its  thirteenth  year,  and 
constitutes  a  summary  of  all  the  new  facts  and  developments  which 
have  occurred  during  the  past  year  in  the  electrical  field.  It  is 
divided  into  chapters,  each  of  which  deals  with  a  separate  sub- 
division of  the  science,  covering  all  its  domestic  and  industrial 
applications,  as  well  as  the  uses  of  electricity  in  therapeutics, 
references  being  given  to  the  publications  from  which  the  inform- 
ation is  derived,  so  that  those  who  desire  further  details  on  any 
point  can  readily  obtain  them.  Its  scope  is  cosmopolitan,  and  as  a 
handy  record  of  the  year's  progress,  it  certainly  fills  a  niche  of  its 
own,  its  popularity  being  attested  by  its  arrival  in  its  "teens." 

T/ie  Engineer's  Year-Bonk  of  Formuln\  Bules,  Tables,  Data,  yc, 
for  1913.  By  H.  R.  Kempe,  JLInstCE.  London:  Crosby  Lock- 
wood  &  Son.  Price  12s.  6d. — Some  things  are  never  appreciated  at 
their  true  value  until  one  is  deprived  of  them,  and  from  personal 
experience  we  can  apply  this  saying  to  "  Kempe's  Year-Book,"  for 
having  recently  suffered  the  loss  of  our  office  copy,  we  have  had  it 
borne  in  upon  us,  more  than  ever  before,  that  we  cannot  do  without 
it.  That  we  are  not  alone  in  this  conviction  is  shown  by  the  fact 
that  the  year-book  is  now  in  its  20th  year  of  publication  ;  it  is  quite 
a  bulky  volume,  containing  nearly  1,600  pages  and  over  1,250  illus- 
trations. JIuch  matter  has  been  cut  out,  but  still  more  has  been 
added,  and  the  process  of  division  into  sections,  begun  two  years 
ago,  has  been  continued,  although  it  has  involved,  for  instance,  the 
rearrangement  of  the  whole  of  the  "  Steam  "  section,  which  now 
consists  of  six  parts.  The  part  which  relates  to  steam  turbines  bos 
been  entirely  rewritten  by  Mr.  H.  L.  Guy.  There  are  new  sections 
on  Roads,  Marine  Diesel  Engines  and  Legal  Notes  for  Engineers,  all 
by  specialists,  whilst  very  many  existing  sections  have  been  revised 
and  some  have  been  largely  extended.  A  novel  feature  is  a  sum- 
mary of  engineerintr  progress  during  1912,  and,  by  special  per- 
mission of  the  Engineering  Standards  Committee,  abstracts  of  a 
large  number  of  the  Committee's  specifications  have  been  included. 

To  review  the  contents  of  this  standard  work  would  be  as 
arduous  as  it  would  be  superfluous  ;  clearly  it  needs  no  recommend- 
ation. We  shall  be  content,  therefore,  with  saying  that  we  give  a 
hearty  welcome  to  the  new  issue. 

S<'ll's  Directory  of  Begistered  Telegraphic  Addreves.  London. 
25s. — As  many  of  our  readers  know,  this  work  is  published  annu- 
ally, and  is  compiled  from  Official  Lists  supplied  by  the  authority 
of  the  Postmaster- General.  The  1913  edition  contains  2,5iiOpages 
of  names,  postal  addresses,  telegraphic  addre.«jcs,  trades  and  tele- 
phone numbers.  This  year  it  contains  tho  first  Official  List  of  the 
new  "  Indicator  "  words  for  London  Telegraphic  Addresse.'.       In 


256 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,    [voi.72.  No.  i,83g,  febkuaky  h,  1913. 


addition  to  ordinary  chanpes  in  style  and  in  addresses  of  Registrants, 
there  are  about  20,000  "Indicators"  added,  necessitating  the 
alteration  of  as  many  telegraphic  addresses.  An  Alphabetical 
Index  of  the  Registered  Telegraphic  Addresses  in  use  throughout 
the  United  Kingdom  forms  Section  II  of  the  volume,  and  each 
addresB  bears  a  reference  to  Section  I  where  the  names,  postal 
address  and  full  business  particulars  wOl  be  found.  A  useful 
division  of  the  book  is  that  containing  a  classification  of  trades  for 
the  whole  country.  There,  are  over  3,000  separate  Trade  Headings, 
under  which  are  arranged  in  alphabetical  order  about  100,000 
British  firms  according  to  their  respective  trades  or  professions. 
The  publisher  has  also  added  a  representative  list  of  Colonial  and 
foreign  firms,  arranged  by  countries  and  towns,  with  their  trade 
and  cable  address.  The  preliminary  pages  contain  notes  on  Business 
Prospects  for  1913  ;  and  one  on  the  Post  Office,  1911-12.  To  the 
business  man  the  recital  of  the  list  of  contents  of  the  book  is 
sufficient  without  any  further  commendation. 

The  South  African  Mining  Directorij  and  Monthly  Handbook  of 
('hief  Otficials  of  tlte  Mines.  Johannesburg  :  The  South  African 
Minimi  iJin'ctory,  Ltd.  No.  1.  November,  1912.  78.  6d.— The 
usefulness  of  this  publication  must  be  obvious  from  its  title.  To  all 
interested  in  electrical  and  engineering  trade  with  South  Africa  a 
freciuently  revised  list  of  names  of  mine  buyers,  managers, 
engineers,  electrical  engineers,  secretaries,  A;c.,  can  hardly  fail  to  be 
of  value,  in  view  of  the  changes  that  are  taking  place  every  month. 
There  is  an  alphabetical  list  of  mines  on  the  Rand,  also  of 
"  Outside  "  Transvaal  and  Natal  gold  mines,  Natal  collieries,  copper 
companies.  South  African  railways,  Johannesburg  municipalities, 
industrial  concerns,  and  their  chief  officials.  We  notice  a  full  list 
of  the  engineering  officials  and  staff  of  the  Victoria  Falls  and 
Transvaal  Power  Co.,  Ltd. 

We  have  received  a  copy  of  the  first  number  of  a  new  American 
monthly  contemporary,  The  Lighting  Journal,  which  is  edited  by 
Norman  Macbeth,  and  published  at  10  cents  per  copy  by  the 
Lighting  Journal  Co.,  of  50,  Church  Street,  New  York.  A  number 
of  useful  articles  relating  to  electrical  and  gas  illumination — 
"  everything  between  the  meter  and  the  eye " — appear  in  this 
number  (January). 

"  Characteristics  of  Induction  Type  Alternating-Current  Watt- 
hour  Meter."  By  A.  Ohya  and  R.  Mitsuda.  1912.  Tokyo:  The 
Electro-Technical  Laboratory. 

"Mine  Fires  and  How  to  Fight  Them,"  by  James  W.  Paul; 
"Accidents  from  Falls  of  Roof  and  Coal,"  by  G.  S.  Rice  ;  "'Coal 
Mine  Accidents  in  the  United  States,  January  to  August,  1912,"  by 
F.  W.  Horton  :  "  Training  with  Mine- Rescue  Breathing  Apparatus," 
by  J.  W.  Paul  ;  "  Smoke  Abatement  and  City  Smoke  Ordinances," 
by  S.  B.  Flagg ;  "  Ignition  of  Gas  by  Standard  Incandescent 
Lamps,"  by  H.  H.  Clark  ;  ''  Methods  for  the  Determination  of 
Water  in  Petroleum  and  its  Products,"  by  I.  C.  Allen  and  W.  A. 
Jacobs  ;  "  An  Investigation  of  Explosion-Proof  Motors,"  by  H.  H. 
Clark;  "Comparative  Fuel  Values  of  Gasoline  and  Denatured 
Alcohol  in  Internal-Combustion  Engines,"  by  R.  M.  Strong  and 
Lauson  Stone.    Washington  :  Government  Printing  Office. 

"  Journal  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Eogineers." 
February,  1913.     New  York  :  The  Society.     Price  35  cents. 

"  J}ulletinot  the  American  Institute  of  Architects."  Vol.  XIII, 
No.  3.     October,  1912.    Washington  ;  The  Institute. 

"  Atti  della  Associazione  Elettrotecnica  Italiana."  Vol.  XVII, 
No.  2.  January  31st,  1913.  With  index  to  Vol.  XVI.  Milan: 
Stucchi,  Ceretti  &  Co.    Price  L.  1.50. 

"  Bulletin  of  the  Imperial  Institute."     Vol.  X.  No.  4.    December,- 

1912.  London  :  John  Murray.    Price  2b.  6d.  net. 

"  Charter,  Bye-Laws  and  List  of  Members  of  the  Iron  and  Steel 
Institute,  1913."     London  ;  The  Institute.     Price  Is. 

'The  New  Steam  Tables."     By  C.  A.  M.  Smith  and  A.  G.  Warren. 

1913.  London  :  Constable  &  Co.,  Ltd.     Price  4s.  net. 

"Annual  Report  of  the  International  Electrotechnical  Commis- 
sion, 1911."     London  :  Waterlow  &  Sons,  Ltd. 

"  Journal  of  the  South  African  Institution  of  Engineers."  Vol.  XI, 
No.  6.    January,  1913.    Johannesburg  :  The  Institution.    Price  2». 

Prnceedinqs  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers." 
Vol.  XXXIX,  No.  1.    January,  1913.     New  York  :  The  Society. 

Bulletin  de  la  Societt-  Internationale  des  Electriciens."  Vol.  II, 
No.  20.     December,  1912.     Paris  :  Gauthier-Villars.     Price  2  fr.  50. 

"  Bolefiii  de  Ingenieros."  Vol.  Ill,  No.  4.  December  16th.  1912. 
Mexico  :  Departamento  de  Ingenieros  de  la  Secretaria  de  Guerra. 

"Science  Abstracts."  Sections  A  and  B.  Vol.  16,  part  1. 
.January  31st,  1913.  With  indexes  to  Vol.  15.  London  :  E.  and 
F.  N.  Spon.  Ltd.    Price  Is.  fid.  each. 


Electrical  Manufactiirinir  in  Japan. — The  Shibaura 

Seiiiakujo  Ironworks,  at  Shiba,  Tokio,  which  doubled  its  capital  to 
£200,000  in  1911  by  combining  its  interests  with  those  of  the 
General  Electric  Co.,  of  the  United  States,  at  the  same  time  devoting 
itself  to  the  manufacture  of  electric  appliances,  has  met  with  such  a 
heavy  demand  for  its  productions  that  the  directors  have  now 
thought  it  necessary  to  increase  the  company's  capital  to  £500,000. 

Na/da    Lamps    for    Sta^e    Lij^htin^. — The    initial 

strength  and  long  life  of  the  Maz-da  lamp  under  most  severe  con- 
ditions of  service  are  well   shown   by  an  incident  which  recently 
occurred  at  the  Theatre  Royal,  Elephant  and  Castle  ;  many  of  the 
drawn-wire  lamps  supplied  by  the  B.T.H.  Co.  to  the  theatre  are 
still  in  use  after  two  years,  burning  an  average  of  three  hours  a 
day,  in  spite  of  great  vibration.     The  manager  had   88  put  in  a 
tage  batten  some  time  ago,  and  in  fixing  it  the  whole  iron  frame 
i  lamps  were  accidentally  dropped  about  10  ft.      Only  one  bulb 
seven   filaments  were  broken.     A   similar  incident  occurred 


some  months  ago  at  the  Prince  of  Wales  Theatre,  Birmingham. 
One  of  the  scene-lighting  battens  containing  100  Mazda  lamps  was 
being  raised,  when  the  ratchet  on  the  winch  slipped.  One 
side  of  the  batten  dropped  a  distance  of  about  5  ft.,  and  then  the 
ratchet  re-engaged  with  a  jerk.  The  lamps  were  unlighted  at  the 
time,  and  were,  therefore,  in  their  most  fragile  condition  ;  but 
when  they  were  switched  on,  it  was  found  that  not  one  had  been 
injured. 

Installation  Contracts. — The  following  are  some  of  the 
works  that  are  being  executed  by  Messes.  Hellyar  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
of  Barnes,  S.W.  :— 

The  "Firs,"  Chesham  Bois.— Elenrio  lighting  instaUation. 

Bt.  James's  Vicarage,  Bury  St.  Edmunds.— Extensions  to  electric  liglit  instal- 
lation. 

Alterations  to  electric  light  plant  at  Ronalleo,  Haslemcrc,  Surrey. 

Temperature  control,  for  the  United  N<>w8paper8,  Ltd.,  12,  SaliBbury  Square, 
K.O. 

Two  switchboards,  for  Messrs  B.  S.  Lloyd  &  Co.,  King  8treet,'E.C. 

The  •'  Beaufort  Arms  "  Hotel,  Monmouth,  Wales.— Complete  plant,  lighting, 
heating  and  bell  installation. 

Electric  light  installation  in  the  Church,  North  Camp,  Aldersbot. 

Catalogues    and    Lists. — Thk    British    Alujiinum 

Co.,  Ltd.,  109,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  B.C. — Four-page 
illustrated  list  relating  to  the  casting  of  aluminium  and  the  pro- 
perties of  metal  for  foundry  work. 

The  Electric  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.,  9,  New  Broad  Street, 
London,  E.C. — Four-page  illustrated  list  No.  B/317,  containing 
description  and  tabulated  prices  of  E.C.C.  cinematograph  motor- 
generators  for  C.C.  and  A.C.  supply. 

Messrs.  Riehle  Bros.'  Testing  Machine  Co.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  U.S.A. — Illustrated  and  other  leaflets  concerning  the  Riehle 
testingimachines  for  chains,  cement,  road  materials,  kc. 

Messrs.  Carson  &  Evans,  3,  Fenchurch  Buildings,  London, 
E.C. — Postal  card  relating  to  their  ebonite  and  vulcanite  ;  also  a 
folder  giving  particulars  of  a  new  and  cheaper  material  known  by 
the  name  "  Carvanite,"  for  meeting  requirements  where  a  lower 
priced  material  than  ebonite  or  vulcanite  is  wanted. 

Messes.  Eastman  &  Wakxe,  241,  Acton  Vale,  London,  W.— 
Small  leaflet  describing  the  "  Belenus  "  electrically-heated  branding 
irons. 

The  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  122-124,  Charing  Cross  Road, 
London,  W.C. — New  20-page  illustrated  price  list  of  their  "  Aegma" 
drawn ,  wire  lamps.  Some  notes  on  lamp  manufacture  are  given. 
Also  a  folder  entitled  "  Under  Association  Rules,"  stating  a  number 
of  points  in  favour  of  the  "Aegma"  lamp.  Wall  showcard 
(approximately  10  in.  X  15  in.)  to  advertise  their  "Aegma" 
drawn- wire  lamps. 

The  Lea  Recorder  Co.,  32,  Deansgate,  Manchester. — Two 
illustrated  circulars :  Wl,  giving  a  description  of  Lea's  patent 
integrator  for  totalising  the  flow  of  water  over  V  notches  and 
weirs  and  W2  showing  one  of  these  apparatus  supplied  to  the  New 
South  Wales  Government  for  measuring  up  to  20,000  gallons 
per  hour. 

The  Brimsdown  Lamp  Works,  Ltd.,  Kingsway  House,  London, 
W.C. — We  have  received  a  set  of  eight  picture  postcards  illustrating 
the  various  uses  of  "Wirum"  lamps — including  street,  shop,  ship 
and  dock  lighting,  train  and  tram  lighting,  also  private  house  and 
public  building  illumination. 

The  British  L.M.  Ericsson  Manufactcrino  Co.,  Ltd., 
Beeston,  Nottingham. — 40-page  catalogue  (Section  "  H  ')  in  ex- 
panding binding  cover.  It  contains  excellent  half-tone  illustrations, 
descriptive  notes,  dimensions,  weights,  and  code-words,  of  inter- 
communication telephone  instruments  of  all  types  and  sizes.  Relay 
boxes,  junction  boxes,  and  cable  are  also  particularised.  A  section 
of  eight  pages  in  the  front  of  the  book  gives,  in  neat  tabular  form, 
prices  of  the  different  items  listed.  A  line  to  which  special  atten- 
tion is  directed  is  the  type  H  K  100  secret  intercommunication 
table  telephone  for  metallic  circuits. 

Messrs.  M.  K.  Cooper  &  Co.,  27,  Oswald  Street,  Glasgow. — A 
number  of  illustrated  folders  and  leaflets  relating  to  the  following  : 
The  "Regina"  electric  cleaner,  the"Regina"  pneumatic  sweeper, 
tb.e  "  Thor"  electric  home  laundry  machine,  and  the  "Shaler  '  electro 
stove  and  electropad. 

The  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  Rugby.— New 
publicity  literature  in  their  standard  form  and  style  as  follows  : — 
No.  397  (40  pages)  fully  illustrating  and  particularising  a  variety 
of  overhead  line  material ;  No.  393  (eight  pages),  starting  rheostats 
for  C.C  motors ;  No.  394  (four  pages),  a.c.  prepayment  watt-hour 
meter  (single-phase  house  service)  ;  No.  396  (four  pages),  overhead 
trolleys;  No.  391  (four  pages),  electric  flat-irons;  No.  390  (four 
pages),  Ijrake  magnets  ;  No.  392  (four  pages),  electric  soldering, 
branding  and  burning  tools.  Advance  proof  of  new  price  list 
describing  very  fully,  with  illustrations,  the  B.T.H.  hand-operated 
starting  oompensators. 

Mr.  H.  Moss,  110,  Horton  Grange  Road,  Bradford. — Folder,  (with 
1913  calendar  on  front  page)  giving  hints  to  electricity  users  ;  also 
a  leaflet  relating  to  country  house  lighting,  describing  the  two- 
cylinder  "  Pelapone  "  lighting  set. 

The  Birmingham  Manufacturers'  Supply  Co.,  17,  Eaey 
Row,  Birmingham. — The  firm  are  wholesale  distributing  agents 
for  Messrs.  F.  J.  Bayley  k  Co.  (Mr.  F.  Sumner  Bayley  is  a  principal 
in  the  firm),  and  they  have  issued  a  brochure  giving  some  parti- 
culars of  "Susub''  (suet  and  tallow  substitute),  and  its  applications 
as  a  lubricant,  also  testimonials  from  users.  Any  reader  can,  by 
applying,  have  a  10-lb.  tin  free  for  trial  purposes. 

The  Sterling  Telephone  and  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  200, 
Upper  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C-  Illustrated  revised  price  list 
relating  to  their  Sterling  "permitted  exploders"  for  shot-firing  in 
coal  mines,  quarries,  iic. 


Vol.72.   No.  i.8:tH.KK..HDAUY  11,  i9i:t.i     TFTR    KLKCTRTCAL    KI-^VIKW. 


207 


Tuio  Mktai.mc  Ska.\u,i:hs  TintE  Co.,  Lt:).,  "Metu"  Houho, 
Corporation  ^trcot,  BirininKliam.  — PoHtal  card  Hliowlnif,  and  ((ivinK 
pricoM  of,  "  Mt^tu  "  oUnjtrio  iroim. 

MiCHHKM.  SiKMiiNH  Uuo.H.  DvNAMO  WuitKM,  LTD.,  HH  and  :iH, 
Uppiir  ThiiiiirH  Slrrct,  TiOiidon,  E.C.  Twolvu-pajrc  list  oontainiiiK 
full  Uicliniciil  description,  illuatrationH,  priceH.  ko.,  of  thoir  now 
double  endomul  lliinic  arc  lampH  for  A.c.  for  the  llifhtinir  of  lartfo 
aroan.  Much  uh  strcutH,  dockn,  or  wurkH. 

EdiiiuiKiHon'H     Sbowrooins.  —  The     showrooms     of 

Ei)MUNi>Mi)rc's  lOi.KCTiuciTV  Cinti'oiiATioN,  I-TD.,  In  Tothill  street, 
Wt'stminHtcr,  form  a  \:om\  cxampli!  of  what  can  be  done  by  the 
actual  Huppliors  of  elcotrioal  enerjry  to  popnlariHe  the  uho  of  elec- 
tricity. W  1)  underHtand  that  practically  every  reliable  device  for 
hcatinf;  and  cooking  in  on  view,  and  can  l>e  demonBtrated  on  circuit 
to  customers,  while  lamps,  flttings  and  (jlnsHware  for  electric  light 
inHtallations  are  shown  in  great  variety.  In  the  cooking  section 
there  are  various  types  of  electric  ovens.  The  individual  electric 
kettle,  with  detachable  heating  element,  is  shown  in  several  styles, 
whilst  elcctrio  irons  of  various  weights  may  be  seen  and  handled. 
There  is  a  fine  selection  of  radiators  on  view,  embodying  practically 
every  available  design  of  luminous*,  hot  bar  and  convector  types,  a 
specially  cheap  radiator  known  as  the  "  Edmund,"  being  on  sale  at 
a  very  low  price,  proving  that  the  production  of  electrical  apparatus 
is  being  cheapened.  An  interesting  part  of  the  display  at  the 
present  time  is  the  collection  of  fittings  and  shades,  from  the  purely 


Edmi'ndson's  Showroom. 


decorative  type  with  silk  shades,  to  the  more  modern  varieties  in 
which  beauty  and  efficiency  are  combined  by  the  use  of  Holophane 
glassware.  Many  examples  of  this  are  shown  in  a  special  window 
display  which  has  recently  been  arranged.  Holophane  reflectors 
are  shown,  with  a  card  demonstrating  their  efficiency,  stating  the 
reflected  candle-power  given  at  various  angles.  In  addition,  a  lOin. 
reflector  and  a  bank  unit  direct  their  light  directly  into  the  eyes  of 
the  passer-by.  demonstrating  both  light  intensification  and  effec- 
tive direction.  A  number  of  "  Household  "  types  of  Holophane  are 
also  shown,  as  well  as  the  new  Holophane  inverted  fitting, 
with  a  100-c.p.  "  Wotan  '"  lamp.  Another  item  of  interest  is  a  semi- 
direct  lighting  unit  which  has  a  Ceonix  bowl,  an  opalescent  glass 
richly  marked  in  amber,  giving,  when  lighted,  a  delicate  rose  tint 
to  the  lighting.  This  set  has  a  high  lightinjj'  efficiency,  as  the  bowl 
reflects  a  large  proportion  of  the  light,  and  is  accurately  shaped  to 
ensure  even  distribution.  There  is  also  a  show  of  "  Wotan  "  and 
tantalum  drawn-wire  lamps,  which  is  made  all  the  more  effec- 
tive by  an  illuminated  tower  lent  by  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo 
Works,  Ltd.,  Dalston,  which  demonstrates  the  complete  range  of 
"  Wotan  '  lamps  in  bell-shaped  bulbs,  from  -J  to  100  c.p.  We  re- 
produce a  photograph  of  the  interior  of  the  showroom. 

Trade  .innouncements. — The  Baldwin  ENGiNEERixr; 

Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  opened  offices  and  stores  at  39,  Victoria 
Street,  Westminster,  for  the  supply  from  stock  of  electrical  acces- 
sories, wires,  carbons,  conduits  and  fittings,  &o. 

The  Liverpool  Fittings  Co.  have  recently  fitted  up  and 
opened  a  showroom  at  55,  Renshaw  Street,  Liverpool,  for  the  sale 
of  electric  light  fittings,  heating  and  cooking  apparatus,  Holophane 
gla'sware,  vacuum  cleaners,  kc. 

Messrs.  .Tilius  Sa.\  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  2-lA,  High  Street,  New 
Oxford  Street,  London,  VV.C,  announce  that  their  telephone 
numbers  are  now  Regent  2101  and  2102. 

Baokruptcy  Proceedings. — W.  Longdon  and  V.  G. 

ColiB  (trading  as  Longdon  &  Cobb),  electrical  engineers,  lOlA,  Derby 
Road,  Kottingham.  The  first  meeting  of  creditors  herein  was  held 
at  the  Official  Receiver's  office,  4,  Castle  Place,  Park  Street, 
Nottingham,  last  week,  when  the  statement  of  affairs  showed 
liabilities  amounting  to  £291,  and  assets  estimated  at  £45,  leaving 
a  deficiency  of  £246.  The  failure  was  attributed  by  the  debtors  to 
want  of  capital  and  bad  debts.     It  appeared  that  the  debtors  started 


trading  in  partnerahip  t<jWBrdn  tho  lall«r  uiid  <.f  Mnrcti.  Uli;,  at 
the  above  a<lrlr(rHi4.  Th<ir  capital  comiinUd  of  iit<)<  k  and  txxik  debt* 
and  other  anHclH  of  the  buMinciw  formerly  conducti-d  by  Ixivgdon. 
which  wen-  valued  at  about  KMO,  Icmb  outntanding  deblc,  aljout 
£M00,  leaving  a  surpluH  of  £.'.0  to  b«  orwlitcd  to  Longdon  hk  hi* 
share  of  the  capital.  Jhn  debtor,  Cobb,  put  in  a  eapiUI  of  *il.',0 
in  cash,  and  a  Mum  of  £:)0  <;a«h  wuh  put  in  by  a  relativ«  of  f>>bb. 
The  drawings  of  the  partners  were  to  ht-  lOn.  and  'Mtn.  a  week 
respectively  for  the  first  12  nionthd,  and  aftftrwardit  an  erjiial  >.h»r<- 
of  the  profits.  Until  February,  WIOH,  the  debtor,  Lr.ngdon.  worlcrv) 
as  a  journeyman  electrical  engineer,  but  at  that  dnte  he  MtartH 
trading  on  his  own  account  in  Cromwell  8trc«t.  He  removed  thre<: 
months  later  to  101  A,  Derby  Road.  A  private  meeting  of  the 
creditors  was  held  in  November,  but  negotiations  for  the  payment 
of  a  <u>mpoBition  fell  through,  lut  the  debtors  were  unable  to  find 
the  necessary  security.  .Several  creditors  '(iientioned  the  debtors 
regarding  tlie  disposal  of  furniture  and  effects,  and  the  meeting 
then  terminated. 

CliAiM.Ks  Sl'ENX'KK  NoKTilcoTK,  electrical  engineer.  'i7,  Stan- 
thorpe  Road,  Htreatham,  London. —Receiving  order  nia<l<-  December 
10th,  on  a  creditor's  petition.  First  meeting  of  creditors  Feb- 
ruary 19th,  at  132,  York  Road,  Wextminster  llridge  Road,  S.E. 
Public  examination  Febryary  27th,  at  Court  House.  Wandsworth. 

For  Sale. — The  .Vberdw-n  lloyal  .\sylum  has  for  disposal 
two  Crossley  gas  engines,  Dowson  gas-producing  plant,  and  two 
dynamos.  The  Sunderland  Corporation  has  for  disposal  a  quantity 
of  steam-driven  generating  plant      See  our  advertiEement  pagen  in 

this  issue. 

DissolDtions  and  LlquidatloD.s.— Puovintiai.   Ki.ec- 

TiiK:AL  Co  .  Lt[). — Thi^^  company  is  winding  up  voluntarily,  with 
Mr.  T.  B.  Scattergood,  Edmund  Street,  Birmingham,  as  lifpiidator, 
A  meeting  of  creditors  is  called  for  February  1 1th. 

Electrolytic  Appap^tcs  Sy.ndicate,  Ltd.— A  meeting  will 
be  held  on  March  10th,  at  31,  Norfolk  Street,  Strand,  W.C.  to  hear 
an  account  of  the  winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  W.  Renison. 

LuMB  Electrical  Bleachiso  Co.,  Ltd. — A  meeting  is  called 
for  March  ISth,  at  Prudential  Buildings,  Queen  Street,  Nottingham, 
to  hear  an  account  of  the  winding  up  from  the  liquidator.  Mr.  W.  B, 
Winnicott. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Atherton     (Lanes.), — Tlie    B.    of    T.    has    formally 

approved  of  the  placing  of  overhead  lines  for  the  supply  of 
electrical  lighting  to  various  large  residences  in  the  Westhonghton 
district. 

Australia. — The  W.A.  Government  having  bought  the 
Perth  tramways,  and  the  City  Council  having  purchased  the 
Electric  Lighting  Co.'s  undertaking,  an  agreement  has  now  been 
arrived  at  for  establishing  a  Government  power  plant  for  both 
purposes.  A  9,000-K\v.  plant  for  three-phase  generation  is  pro- 
posed, at  a  cost  of  £162,000  ;  working  independently,  a  new  tram- 
way station  would  cost  £100,000,  and  a  new  electric  lighting 
station  £132,000.  A  report  on  this  scheme  is  being  prepared  by 
Mr.  C.  H.  Merz  and  Mr.  Wilson. 

Balderton  (near  Newark). — The  Parish  Council  of  the 

village  (population,  2,824)  proposed  to  proceed  with  a  scheme  to 
light  the  streets  with  electricity  from  a  supply  provided  by  Messrs. 
Simpson,  Ltd.,  ironfounders.  This  was  last  March,  and  the  electors 
sanctioned  an  expenditure  of  £650.  Meantime,  the  price  of  trade 
materials  has  gone  up  25  per  cent.,  and  the  Council  proposed  to 
substitute  aluminium  for  copper  wire,  and  wooden  standards  for 
steel,  in  order  to  effect  a  saving.  A  parish  meeting  was  then 
demanded  by  a  requisition  of  ratepayers,  and  a  resolution  protesting 
against  the  Council's  action  in  altering  the  original  scheme,  was 
passed  last  week.  The  L.G.B.  has  written  stating  that  it  will  raise 
no  objection  to  the  altered  proposals.  It  now  remains  to  be  seen 
whether  the  Parish  Council  will  carry  out  the  scheme  before  tke 
election  is  held  in  March. 

Batb. — At  the  meeting  of  the  Surveying  Committee 
on  Monday,  the  Street  Lighting  Committee  submitted  three  schemes 
for  the  further  conversion  of  gas  lamps  to  electric  lighting,  and  it 
was  decided  to  carry  out  one  scheme,  costing  £140  immediately, 
and  to  provide  in  the  estimates  for  the  others,  costing  £127  and 
£94  respectively. 

Birmin^Lnm. — The  B.  of  T.  has  made  an  order  for 

cesser  of  powers  of  the  Shropshire,  Worcestershire  and  Staffordshire 
Electric  Power  Co.  as  to  the  part  of  the  area  which  has  been 
included  in  the  enlarged  Birmingham  city  area.  The  portions 
include  Handsworth  U.D.,  Yardley  R.D.,  and  a  portion  of  the  U.D. 
of  King's  Norton  and  Northfield. 

Bolton. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  received  appli- 
cations for  supplies  of  electric  current  to  the  following  mills  : — 
Messrs.  Slater  &  Co.,  Little  Bolton  Bleachworks  ;  Messrs.  R. 
Eatwistle  &.  Co.,  Lincoln  Mill  ;  the  Victoria  Mill,  Nelson  Street  ; 
and  Messrs.  Winder  k  McKean,  Bradford  Mill. 

Barton-on-Trent. — A  sub-committee  has  been  appointed 

to  prepare  and  bring  up  a  final  report  as  to  the  establishment  of  an 
electricity  showroom, 

F 


258 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi.72.  No.  i.sss,  februaet  h,  1913. 


Canada. — The  preliminary  report  of  the  Hydro-Electric 

Oommiesion  for  the  workinsr  durinfj  1912,  shows  a  total  revenue 
of  8511,801.88.  and  expenditure  amountinfr  to  5460.635.43;  the 
snrplas  has  been  set  aside  as  depreciation  reserve.  The  load^< 
daring  the  quarters  of  the  year  were;  43,149  H.r.,  r>M,32<'i  n.i'.. 
•>4,306  H.P.,  and  S0.723  ii.p.  The  total  capital  expended  was 
$4,158,824,  includinp  S2,2.">6,129  on  transmission  lines,  Sl,322,f<0(i 
on  transformer  stations,  S54 2,088  for  right-of-way,  and  $37,803  on 
distributing  station?. 

Continental  \0tes. — Gku.many.— The  Kreis  Council 
of  St.  Goar  has  empowered  the  Committee  to  sign  a  contract  with 
the  A. E.G.  for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  whole  district.  Exten- 
sive enlargements  of  the  power  station  at  the  State  salt  mines  at 
Bleichrode  are  to  be  carried  out,  and  the  Prussian  Budget  disbursements 
include  a  fresh  instalment  of  £10.000  for  the  purpose.  The  power 
station  at  Memel,  which  is  the  property  of  the  Memel  Light  Rail- 
way Co..  is  to  be  converted  into  a  bulk  supply  station,  with  a  view 
to  supplying  light  and  power  to  the  whole  of  the  district,  including 
the  City  of  Memel.  A  high-pressnre  network  is  to  be  installed. — 
Elflttrotfch nifc/if  Nach ricliteii. 

XOBWAT. — The  Norwegian  Government  has  raised  a  loan  of 
365,000  krone  for  the  improvement  of  the  Port  of  Narvik  ;  among 
the  improvement  works  contemplated  is  the  erection  of  a  power 
station.  The  occasion  affords  opportunities  for  the  supply  of 
electrical  material,  including  probably  electric  cranes,  A:c. 

It  is  proposed  to  build  a  hydro-electric  station  with  a  capacity  of 
over  200,000  ii.P.,  which  will  be  worked  by  the  State,  and  will 
supply  current  to  Christiania  and  Western  Norway.  The  station, 
which  will  be  situated  in  Numedal  and  will  utilise  the  Nore  Falls, 
420  metres  high,  will  be  equipped  with  11  20,000-u.P.  and  two 
10,000-H.P.  turbines.  The  current  will  be  employed  to  work  the 
railways,  in  the  first  place,  and  for  lighting,  kc. — Journal  Praihive 
ilf  rj^lpclricite. 

Darwen. — Speaking  at  a  meeting  last  week,  Councillor 
.Tepson  said  that  during  the  year  to  meet  increased  local  electricity 
demands,  new  plant  had  been  installed  at  the  works.  A  large 
number  of  consumers  had  been  connected  requiring  current  chiefly 
for  power  purposes,  and  the  inquiries  were  coming  in  freely.  New 
consumers  coiinected  during  the  year  would  mean  an  increase  in 
units  sold  of  1,150,000  units  per  annum,  and  the  output  for 
power  purposes  had  been  trebled  during  the  last  1 2  months. 

Th<>  Darwen  Spinning  Co.  has  made  application  to  the  Corpora- 
tion for  a  supply  of  electricity  for  motive  power. 

Derby. — Considerable  discussion  took  place  at  a  meeting 
of  the  TC.  on  a  request  of  the  E.L.  Committee  for  a  grant 
of  £13,.")00  for  the  purchase  of  certain  plant  required  in  con- 
nection with  the  rearrangement  of  the  electric  power  station. 
The  Committee  proposed  to  scrap  two  small  machines  of 
200  KW.  and  install  one  that  would  bring  the  capacity  up  to 
7,450  KW.  It  'Was  anticipated  that  the  new  machinery,  after 
allowing  £800  for  interest  and  sinking  fund,  would  effect  a  saving 
of  £2,000  per  annum.  Councillor  Green  characterised  it  as  only 
half  a  scheme  at  the  best,  and  the  works  a.s  a  white  elephant.  The 
site  was  unsuitable.  Any  private  firm  could  compete  with  the 
Corporation  in  making  electricity,  and  he  himself  was. beating 
it  in  the  prime  cost  of  production.  Aldermen  Hart  and  Fisher  both 
condemned  the  idea  of  raising  the  money  required  by  rneans  of  a 
loan.  The  former  pointed  out  that  the  outstanding  debt  on  the 
undertaking  was  £230,000,  of  which  £50,000  was  in  respect  of 
machinery.  The  Council  rejected  amendments  directed  against  the 
suggestion  to  obtain  a  loan  for  the  plant.  The  Committee's  recom- 
mendations were  approved,  and  the  question  was  referred  to  it  of 
the  beat  means  of  dealing  with  the  money. 

Dundee. — The  new  sub-station  at  Larch  Street  will  be.  in 
operation  in  a  few  days,  and  the  excavations  on  the  site  for 
Carolina  Port  main  generating  station  extension  are  well  in  hand, 
and  pile  driving  will  be  started  immediately. 

East  Sussex. — The  C.C.  has  decided  to  oppose  the  Bills 
of  the  lil  id-Sussex  Electric  Light  Co.  and  the  Crowborough  District 
Gas  and  Electric  Light  Co. 

Dpsoni. — The  U.D.C.  has  agreed  to  supply  current  to  the 
B.  of  G.  for  the  workhouse  buildings  at  Id.  per  Kw.-hour  for  power, 
with  a  minimum  quarterly  consumption  of  3,000  units,  and  j*^.  per 
KW.-hour  for  all  over  12.000  KW.-hr.  per  annum  ;  for  lighting,  a  flat 
rate  of  3d.  on  a  guaranteed  annual  consumption  of  10,000  units,  will 
be  charged, 

Galashiels. — A    Committee  of    the    T.C.   has   had   a 

meeting  with  a  deputation  of  manufacturers  interested  in  the 
introduction  of  electricity  for  power  purposes.  The  question  of  the 
T.C.  taking  up  the  matter,  or  consenting  to  the  installation  being 
undertaken  by  a  local  company,  was  discussed.  The  whole  question 
was  remitted  to  a  Special  Committee  for  further  consideration. 

GillinKhani  (Kent), — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  give  a 
supply  of  current  to  the  projKJsed  new  cement  works  to  be  established 
in  the  tDwn  at  'G2id.  per  KW.-hour  for  the  first  million  KW.-hr.  per 
annum  and  'Gd.  per  KW.-hour  beyond  ;  the  amount  of  energy  to  be 
supplied  is  to  be  not  less  than  2)  million  kw. -hours  per  annum, 
and  the  contract  ia  to  be  for  five  years.  iThe  new  cement  works 
are  being  erected  by  Mr.  J.  R.  Featherby. 

Grimsby. — We  have  received  from  Mr.  W.  A.  Vignoles, 
the  borough  electrical  engineer,  a  copy  of  the  second  edition  of  hie 
'Electricity  ConBumers'  Guide.""  an  18-page  booklet  in  five 
sections,  giving  such  information  as  the  inquiring  consumer  may 
want,    bearing   on    systems  of   charging,    probable  cost,    wiring, 


suggestions  for  lighting,  heating,  cooking,  i:c.  We  congratulate 
the  author  on  paragraph  16,  which  reads,  "  Great  care  should  be 
taken  to  get  rid  of  old  gas  pipes  ...  this  will  entirely  prevent 
any  chance  of  a  leakage  of  gas  occurring. 

Ilarrojrate. — The  T.C,  on  Monday,  decided  to  apply  to 
the  L.G.R.  for  a  loan  of  £r,  2,")0  for  extensions  to  the  electricity 
I'lant. 

Hastinj^S. — The  manager  ofithe  Gas  Co.  having  disput<'d 
the  alleged  saving  of  £91  during  1912  by  the  substitution  of 
electric  light  for  gas  at  the  Hastings  Workhouse,  the  chairman  of 
the  Electricity  Committee  was  questioned  at  a  meeting  of  the  Cor- 
poration. He  said  the  profit  to  the  ratepayers  by  laying  the  mains 
to  the  workhouse  was  at  present  not  less  than  £140  a  year,  that  in 
five  years"  time,  when  the  Guardians  have  paid  off  their  loan  for 
installation,  the  net  saving  to  the  ratepayers  will  be  at  least  £230 
a  year. 

Hove. — According  to  the  Ku-presg,  the  voting  in  connection 
with  the  Bill  for  acquiring  the  local  electricity  undertaking 
resulted  in  1,384  for  and  1,01.")  against  proceeding  with  the  matter. 

Kendal. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  decided  that 
the  manager  be  instructed  to  prepare  an  estimate  for  the  instal- 
lation and  fittings  for  street  lighting  in  the  borough. 

Kettering. — The  Management  Committee  of  the 
Kettering  and  District  General  Hospital  has  decided  to  have  the 
electric  light  installed  at  the  institution  at  a  cost  of  about  £200. 

Liverpool.  —  The  report  submitted  by  Mr,  Harold 
Dickinson,  city  electrical  engineer,  at  the  meeting  of  the  Corpora- 
tion, on  January  r)th,  states  that  during  the  past  year  the  recon- 
struction of  the  Lister  Drive  No.  1  station,  consequent  on  the 
replacement  of  the  high-speed  engines  by  turbines,  had  made  fairly 
satisfactory  process,  and  during  the  latter  part  of  the  year  two  sets 
of  direct  current  turbo-generators,  each  of  2.000-KW.  capacity 
(British  Westinghouse),  and  one  3,500-KW.  turbo-alternator  set 
(British  ThomFon-Houston)  had  been  put  into  commercial  service. 
The  remaining  3,500-KW.  turbo-alternator  on  order  would  shortly 
be  delivered,  thereby  increasing  the  capacity  of  No.  1  station  from 
8,000  to  11,000  KW.  Dealing  with  the  second  portion  of  the 
reconstruction  scheme,  involving  increased  boiler  plant  to  deal  with 
the  increased  size  of  generating  units,  Mr.  Dickinson  advocated  water- 
tube  boilers,  and  said  it  would  be  possible  to  lay  down  four  generating 
sets  of  5,000  to  6,000-kw.  capacity  each,  instead  of  two  of  3,500- KW. 
each,  and  by  this  means  postpone  the  necessity  for  erecting  a  new 
power  station.  The  estimates  included  the  displacement  of  two 
batteries  of  Lancashire  boilers  (seven  boilers  to  each),  which  would 
cover  half  the  reconstruction  scheme  ;  but  the  Committee  would 
probably  prefer  to  commence  with  only  one  battery,  which  would 
provide  ample  steam  for  1913  for  the  No.  1  station,  the  cost  being 
approximately  £24,500.  With  the  provision  suggested,  there  would 
be  ample  capacity  of  plant  to  provide  for  the  load  during  1913  ; 
but  further  generating  plant  should  be  provided  of  5,000  to 
•i.OOO  KW.  capacity  for  the  winter  of  1914,  and  in  view  of  the  long 
period  taken  by  the  contractors  for  delivery,  he  considered  that 
the  order  should  be  placed  for  the  plant  as  early  as  possible. 
Regarding  Pumpfields  Station,  which  was  being  run  less  efficiently, 
Mr.  Dickinson  recommended  that  transforming  plant  supplied  with 
high-tension  energy  from  Lister  Drive,  should  be  installed,  which 
would  enable  Pumpfields  to  be  shut  down  for  the  greater  part  of  the 
year. 

The  annual  accounts  of  the  electricity  department  show  a  total 
revenue  for  the  year  ended  December  31st  last  of  £286,803,  and  a 
balance  carried  to  net  revenue  account  of  £169,292,  which,  with 
interest  accrued,  amounted  to  £172,363.  Interest  and  sinking  fund 
absorbed  £65,615  and  £55,628  respectively  ;  £1,048  was  trans- 
ferred to  reserve  and  £20,000  to  renewals,  and  the  balance  of 
£30,071  was  contributed  to  the  general  rate.  The  reserve  fund 
amounts  to  £178,508,  and  the  unexpended  balance  of  the  renewals 
fund  to  £120,000.  The  outstanding  capital  expenditure  amounts  to 
£1,560,000. 

London. — Westminster. — The  Works  Committee  re- 
ports having  had  under  consideration  the  question  of  the  Council's 
contract  with  the  Charing  Cross  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  for  lighti;ig 
the  parish  of  St.  Martin-in-the-Fields,  under  which  the  CouncU  has 
the  option  to  determine  the  contract  at  the  end  of  the  fourteenth 
year  of  the  contract,  viz.,  on  September  17th  next,  provided  notice 
be  given  on  or  before  March  1 7th  ;  and  if  the  option  is  not  exercised 
the  contract  will  run  for  the  full  period  of  2 1  years.  The  Com- 
mittee states  that  the  termination  of  the  contract  in  the  fourteenth 
year  would,  by  Clause  14  of  the  contract,  entail  the  purchase  by 
the  Council  of  lamps,  fittings,  conduits,  mains,  service  lines  and  all 
other  apparatus  then  in  use.  but  not  distributing  mains  used 
for  general  supply.  124  lamps  are  lighted  and  maintained 
by  the  company  under  the  contract,  and  the  payment  per 
lamp  is  ai  to  101  lamps,  £28  per  annum,  and  as  to  23  lamps, 
£27  lOs.  per  annum,  these  rates  being  inclusive  of  all  capital 
charges,  except  for  the  columns,  which  are  the  property  of 
the  Council.  The  price  now  paid  by  the  Council  for  lighting  and 
maintaining  (exclusive  of  capital  charges),  1.800-c.r.  gas  lamps  is 
£16  lOs.  per  lamp  per  annum, and  for  3  000-c.P.  gas  lamps  £22  per 
lamp  per  annum,  under  a  five  years'  contract.  The  company  has 
offered  to  improve  the  lighting  of  the  area  by  substituting  flame  arc 
lamps,  provided  the  CouncU  contributes  one-half  of  the  cost,  esti- 
mated at  £1,488.  The  purchase  price  for  the  property  is  £10,726, 
and  the  company  has  been  asked  to  furnish  further  details  of  this 
price.  Concluding,  the  Committee  states  that  before  considering 
further,  it  has  directed  that  competitive  tenders  for  the  public 
lighting  of  the  streets  now  lighted  under  the  contract  be  invited 


Vol.  712.   No,  i,8:i8,  fkhuuakv  m,i-.h:i,]    TIIF.    7'^J.ECTRK^AL    KF.VIEW 


260 


from  the  olcctrio  liffhl  ooiiipanios  liuvinK  poworn  of  supply  in  thoHo 
Ktrefltd,  and  from  tho  <Jiih  Linht  and  Coke  Co. 

Lkwisiiam.— The  U.  of  0.,  on  Monday  decided  to  inHtall  the 
eleotrio  lijfht  at  the  infirmary  in  place  of  the  prenent  prae.  A  report 
of  a  special  Coniniittto,  Btnled  that  experimental  liehtiiif;  of  certain 
wnrdH  by  the  South  Metropolitan  (iaH  C'o.,  and  the  South  Metro- 
p-ilitan  Hlectric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  had  reniiltod  in  itH  coniinj; 
to  tho  unanimoHH  opinion  that  tho  electric  litfht  wan  far  preferalile 
upon  the  jrrounds  of  bettor  lightinif,  cleanlincHti,  henlthincss  and 
general  oonveniince.  Durinj;  last  year,  £sS  ha<l  been  expended  in 
the  infirmary  on  mantleH,  burnorK,  (tIoImsh,  \c.  The  present  ajBtem 
of  li((htintf  by  atia  necessitated  the  whole  of  the  wards,  rooms  and 
offlcea  beinpr  whitewashed  every  year,  and  the  wopes  alone  paid  to 
labourers  for  thia  work  amounted  to  flCiOodd.  The  chairman  of 
the  Sub-Committee,  in  his  observations  on  the  subject,  said  that  in 
the  wards  lij^hled  by  gas  the  liphts  were  turned  on  by  means  of 
switches  attached  to  the  walls,  and  worked  similarly  to  the  electric 
switches.  This  plan  seemed  at  first  to  be  a  very  excellent  one,  but 
in  practice  they  were  very  disappointinpr,  and  probably  a  source  of 
danger,  for  it  was  found  that  often  when  the  lipht  was  switched 
on,  or  supposed  to  be  switched  on,  all  that  happened  was  an  escape 
of  gas  and  no  light,  owing-  to  the  by-pass  having  gone  out.  On  one 
occasion  no  leis  than  15  lights  were  out.  This  was,  no  doubt, 
owing  in  a  great  measure  to  the  draughts  which  were  unavoidable 
in  such  institutions.  The  system  was  an  untried  one  in  large 
institutions,  and  has  the  disadvantage  that  the  light  must  be  full 
on  or  not  at  all.  The  cost  of  the  electric  current,  though  a  little 
more  than  gas,  compared  favourably.  The  chairman  pointed 
out  that  the  system  of  gas  lighting  tried  was  the  best  the  gas 
experts  could  suggest.  A  test  was  made  under  equal  conditions, 
lasting  just  three  hours,  the  number  of  lights  in  each  case 
being  24.  The  cost  of  the  gas  was  at  the  price  at  present 
charged,  and  the  electric  current  was  3d.  a  unit.  The  cost  of 
pas  used  in  three  hours  was  5"2d.,  and  that  of  the  electricity 
was  .V55d.,  a  difference  of  'SSd.  It  might  be  questioned  if  this 
could  be  correct.  It  was  true  that  the  gas  company  had  stated 
it  was  prepared  to  quote  special  terms  for  gas,  but  had  made  no 
definite  offer.  The  Board  had  also  to  consider  the  cost  of  mantles, 
which  last  year  was  over  £8:5.  The  cost  of  installing  electric 
light  would  be  £80(1.  The  question  of  lighting  the  workhouse  by 
electricity  was  adjourned  to  the  next  meeting. 

Battersea. — The  electrical  engineer  advises  a  further  extension 
of  plant  at  the  central  generating  station  in  order  to  cope  w  ith 
next  winter's  demand.  Accordingly,  an  additional  boiler  with 
mechanical  stoker,  pipework,  gearing,  Kc,  and  a  condenser 
circulating  water  pump  is  to  be  provided  at  an  approximate  cost  of 
£3,275,  and  tenders  are  to  be  invited  therefor. 

NandifSter. — On  behalf  of  the  ratepayers  in  Cavendish 
Street  and  Stretford  Road — two  important  shopping  thoroughfares 
—representations  have  been  made  to  the  Lighting  Committee  of 
the  Corpor<Rion  in  reference  to  a  better  method  of  lighting  such 
thoroughfares  by  means  of  an  electric  installation,  and  the  Com- 
mittee has  instructed  Messrs.  Newbigging  &  Pearce  to  prepare  and 
submit  a  joint  report  on  the  subject  of  the  public  lighting  of 
roads,  streets,  courts  and  passages  in  the  city. 

A  section  of  the  central  area  was  deprived  of  electricity  from 
about  9.30  to  11  o'clock  last  Friday  night.  Two  of  the  principal 
newspaper  offices  were  affected.  According  to  an  official  statement 
by  Mr.  S.  L.  Pearce,  the  chief  engineer,  made  on  Saturday,  the 
fault  occurred  on  only  one  of  the  16  sections  into  which  the  whole 
of  the  central  area  is  divided.  Apart  from  the  two  newspaper 
offices,  not  a  single  inquiry  was  received  from  any  consumer  until 
an  hour  after  the  trouble  arose.  Mr,  Pearce  stated  that  the  division 
of  the  area  was  made  about  eight  years  ago,  and  Friday's  occurrence 
had  shown  how  wise  the  policy  was. 

Nelson. — A  Sub-committee  of  the  Electricity  Committee 
has  interviewed  representatives  of  four  firms  of  cotton  manufac- 
turers on  the  question  of  a  supply  of  current  from  the  Corporation 
mains  for  loom-driving.  The  firms  in  question  would  be  prepared, 
subject  to  satisfactory  tests,  to  accept  the  terms  offered  by  the 
Committee.  What  the  terms  were  did  not  i transpire,  and  Mr, 
Dinsdale  said  the  proposed  step  was  so  important  that  if  he  were 
chairman  of  the  Committee  he  would  not  like  to  accept  the  respon- 
sibility of  letting  it  go  through  without  open  discussion.  The 
chairman  replied  that  the  Committee  was  unanimous,  and  the  only 
question  at  issue  was  one  of  price.  Applications  had  been  received 
in  respect  of  1,7C0  looms,  and  it  was  essential  to  get  the  business 
through  without  delay. 

An  inquiry  was  held  on  the  6th  inst.  by  the  L.G.B.  relative  to 
the  proposal  to  borrow  £2,000  for  electricity  purposes.  No  opposi- 
tion was  raised. 

Kewport  (91od.). — In  connection  with  the  report  which 
is  being  prepared  by  the  electrical  engineer  upon  the  subject  of 
the  extension  of  the  generating  plant,  the  different  types  of  plant 
in  operation  in  other  ^Mrts  of  the  country  are  to  be  inspected. 
The  engineer  has  submitted  a  scheme  for  the  improvement  of  the 
lighting  of  Caerleon  Road.  This  scheme  provides  for  14  500-C,P. 
lamps,  each  consisting  of  five  lOOcp.  lamps,  and  showed  that  the 
annual  revenue,  if  the  same  amount  were  paid  as  for  existing  arc 
lamps,  viz,,  £lt)  per  lamp,  would  be  £22-1.  The  lighting  would  be 
done  from  overhead  wires,  and  the  tramway  standards  would  be 
utilised  instead  of  erecting  lamp  columns.  The  gas  company  also 
subn-itted  a  scheme  for  improving  the  gas  lighting  of  the 
portion  of  Caerleon  Road  in  question,  using  the  "Parkinson 
lamp  "  with  twin  inverted  burners,  which,  if  adopted,  would  make 
the  approximate  cost  £65  per  annum,  as  against  £42  for  the 
existing  gas  lamps.     The  cost  of  the  lanterns  would  be  £2  Ss.  for 


each  lamp.  The  Klectricity  fomnilttce  Iiuk  iiintructed  tbr- .tj fin <•<•/■ 
to  provi'le  ft  iierled  of  four  electric  lampf,  ard  acked  the  dnn  (k) 
to  demonBtrate  with  four  of  the  improvfd  type  of  gan  Ismpc 
Huggested  by  it. 

Orsett.— The  li.O.B.  Iiim  intimated  to  the  J'.,  of  C.  tliut, 

(■peaking  generally,  it  iH  not  di«poHed  to  approve  of  the  irmtallation 
of  plant  for  the  produntion  of  current  for  lighting  the  WorkhouHe 
buildings.  The  (iuardiand,  however,  have  decided  to  reply  that  the 
Workhouse  is  isolated  from  any  large  town,  that  there  are  no 
means  of  obtaining  electricity  without  it  being  generated  on  the 
jiremises,  and  that  they  believe  that  electricity  i«  the  cheapetit  and 
best  system  of  lighting. 

Oulton  Broad.— The    U.D.C.   has,   by   «    votes  to  •», 

declined  an  offer  to  purchase  the  undertaking  of  the  Electric 
Lighting  Co.  for  £2,000;  £l,ino  for  inside  and  outside  pUnt. 
meters,  goodwill,  .Vc.  an<l  £!t00  for  outside  mains,  metern,  (fowl- 
will,  fiC. 

Peterborougb. — 'J'he  T.C.  haH  received  the  Kanction 
of  the  L,G.R.,  to  a  loan  of  £1,000  for  mains. 

Itoclldale. — In  December  last  the  CorjX)rati(jn  sought 
the  sanction  of  the  L.G.B.  to  loans  of  £15,000  and  £30,000  for 
extensions  at  the  electricity  works.  On  Wednesday,  last  week,  the 
Gas  and  Electric  Committee  decided  to  ask  the  L.d.B.  to  sanction 
the  borrowing  of  an  additional  £30,000  for  extensions  to  the 
building,  and  boiler  and  general  plant.  The  necessity  for  the 
extendon  is  urgent,  and  the  Committee  decided  to  advertise  for 
tenders  straightaway,  in  order  that  no  time  should  be  lost. 

Rotheriiaill, — The  electrical  engineer  has  been  instructed 
to  report  upon  the  question  of  providing  additional  generating 
plant.  Sketch  plans  have  been  approved  for  extcndinpt  the  tram- 
car  sheds  in  Rawmarsh  Road. 

St.  Helens.— The  \jM.B.  has  forwarded  to  the  T.C. 
sanction  to  a  loan  of  £3,873  for  excess  expenditure  on  mains, 
£1,133  for  similar  expenditure  on  services,  rotary  converters, 
boilers,  &c.,  £500  for  substation  buildings,  £3,8ii0  for  cables,  £600 
for  sub-station  equipment,  and  £1,900  for  transformers. 

Salforrt. — Improvements  which  are  being  effected  at 
Salford  Dooks,  include  the  installation  of  six  electric  cranes  to  lift 
2  tons.  One  of  the  new  cranes  was  tested  last  week.  The  order 
has  been  given  to  Messrs.  Higeinbottom  &  Mannock,  who  are  also 
supplying  eight  30-cwt.  electric  cranes  for  Xo.  8  Dock. 

Sheffield.  —  The  Electric  Lighting  Committee  recom- 
mends the  T.C.  to  apply  to  the  L.G.B,,  for  a  loan  of  £130,800  for 
extensions.  The  sum  includes  £62,800  for  buildings,  Kc,  and 
£58,800  for  boilers,  pipework,  turbo-alternators,  and  switchboard. 

Shipley. — Messrs.  (4.  A.  White  &  Co.  have  asked  the 
U.D.C.  to  supply  current  for  power  to  their  proposed  new  shed  on 
the  Shipley  Fields  estate,  but  the  Council  has  replied  that  at  present 
it  cannot  undertake  the  supply. 

South  Shields. — ^Ir.  Ellis,  the  borough  electrical  engineer, 
informs  us  that  energy  for  outside  arc  lighting  will  in  future 
be  charged  2d.  instead  of  4d.  per  KW.-hour,  and  for  domestic 
power  (Hd.)  will  be  charged  at  the  heating  and  cooking  rate  of 
Id.  per  KW.-hour.  Also  that  practically  the  whole  of  the  street 
lighting  has  been  brought  up-to-date,  by  the  adoption  of  12-ampere 
Exello  arcs  in  place  of  the  94  old  type  arcs— four  12-ampere  Metro- 
flam  magazine  lamps  being  also  in  use  at  points  distant  from  the 
arc  lamp  routes,  in  order  to  save  attendance  costs  ;  475  incandescent 
lamps  have  been  fitted  with  32  instead  of  IG-c.P.  metal  lamps,  and 
in  a  number  of  other  cases  50-c.P.  metal  lamps  have  superseded 
32-c,p.  lamps.  The  headquarters  of  the  electricity  department  will 
shortly  be  removed  to  new  offices  directly  opposite  the  municipal 
buildings,  and  a  showroom  will  be  provided  there. 

Stoekport. — Mr.  J.  Welsh,  speaking  at  the  T.C.  meet- 
ing on  February  5th,  drew  attention  to  the  decision  of  the  Elec- 
tricity Committee  to  supply  electricity  at  a  flat  rate  of  1  id.  per 
KW.-hour,  less  5  per  cent,  for  lighting  and  power  purposes,  and 
expressed  the  hope  that  the  question  of  reducing  the  general  price 
for  electric  lighting  (3Jd.)  to  the  ordinary  consumers  would 
receive  consideration.  Alderman  Hopkins  said  he  hoped  the  Com- 
mittee would  consider  the  question  of  giving  special  treatment  to 
seven-day  consumers  of  electricity,  to  those  peop'.e  who  used  electri- 
city all  the  year  round.  Alderman  Ball  (chairman  of  the  Electric 
Committee)  said  the  questions  raised  would  be  considered  in  March. 
He  agreed  that  people  who  used  electricity  for  long  hours,  seven 
days  of  the  week,  were  entitled  to  consideration. 

Stoke-on-Trent. — The  T.C.  is  considering  the  advisa- 
bility of  having  the  Market  at  Tunstall  lighted  by  electricity.  The 
estimated  capital  cost  of  the  scheme  is  £650,  and  the  annual  cost  of 
lighting  and  upkeep  about  £  1 50. 

Tasmania. — The  City  of  Hobart  is  now  lighted  by 
electricity,  supplied  from  a  temporary  steam  station  pending  the 
completion  of  the  hydro-electric  company's  scheme  :  gas  lighting 
having  been  superseded. 

Tunbrirtye  Wells. — The  Corporation  has  referred  the 
report  of  the  borough  electrical  engineer  with  respect  to  the 
replacement  of  the  small  generating  sets,  to  its  consulting 
engineers.  Messrs.  Horace  Boot  and  Partners. 


260 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [Vol  72.  No.  i.sss,  febeuaby  i4,  1913. 


Walsall. — The  position  of  the  Corporation's  electricity 

nndertakingr  is  cansinp  prave  anxiety  at  the  present  time,  and  the 
matter  was  discussed  at  Monday's  meeting  of  the  T.C.  The  loss  on 
the  concern  last  year  amounted  to  no  less  than  £3.853.  The  reserve 
fund  is  only  £1,594,  and  assuminp  this  amount  is  utilised  for  the 
reduction  of  the  deficit,  it  still  leaves  considerably  over  £2,000  to 
come  out  of  the  pockets  of  the  ratepayers.  Recently  the  Council 
appointed  a  Committee  to  thoroug-hly  investigate  the  position  of 
the  undertaking  and  to  report  as  to  the  best  means  of  placing  it 
upon  a  sound  looting.  It  was  then  found  that,  for  some  time,  the 
tlt'partment  had  been  completely  disorganised,  owing  to  alterations, 
extensions,  repairs,  kc.  The  Committee  also  found  that  the  plant 
was  working  altogether  inefficiently,  that  the  fuel  consumed  was 
inferior,  and  that,  generally  speaking,  the  coal  strike  had  had 
a  great  deal  to  do  with  the  unsatisfactory  working.  In  order 
to  maintain  supplies,  fuel  had  to  be  purchased  at  an  increased 
price,  whilst  the  ineflBcient  working  of  the  plant  was.  attri- 
butable to  the  fact  that  there  had  been  delay  in  completing  the 
alternating-current  plant  and  making  it  ready  for  use.  Further- 
more, it  was  discovered  that,  as  a  result  of  the  reduction  in  price  of 
current  for  traction  purposes,  there  had  been  a  decrease  in  revenue 
of  over  £800.  The  outcome  of  the  whole  matter  is  that,  at 
Monday's  meeting  of  the  Council,  the  members  were  recommended 
to  call  in  an  electrical  and  mechanical  expert  to  report  fully  upon 
the  undertaking.  They  were  also  recommended  to  take  into  con- 
sideration the  advisability  of  increasing  the  price  of  electric  current. 
After  receiving  the  report  of  the  consulting  engineer,  the  recom- 
mendations were  adopted  by  the  Council. 

Warwickshire.— The   C.C.  has  decided  to  oppose  the 

Bill  of  the  Coventry  T.C.  for  powers  to  supply  electricity  in  the 
parishes  of  EUesley,  Binley,  Coundon,  Keresley,  Stoneleigh. 
Walsgrave-on-Sowe,  Willenhall  and  Wyken. 

Wolverharapton. — The  following  figures  shoAV  the 
growth  of  the  Corporation's  electricity  works  during  the  past 
three  years: — The  output  has  increased  from  7,072,114  units  to 
1 1, 544, il.^G  units  :  the  capacity  of  the  additional  generating  plant 
installed  amounts  to  3,500  KW. ;  the  station  costs  have  decreased 
from  ■476d.  per  unit  to  ■345d.  per  unit  ;  the  gross  profit  has 
increased  from  £10,891  to  £24,042  ;  and  the  net  profit  has  increased 
from  £3,401  to  £7,079. 

York. — The  recommendation  of  the  Electricity  Com- 
mittee to  extend  the  electricity  works  and  plant,  at  a  cost  of 
£30,000,  has  been  confirmed  by  the  City  Council.  It  was  stated, 
in  reply  to  critics  who  complained  that  Messrs.  Rowntree  were 
favoured  with  special  terms,  and  that  the  extension  was  needed  for 
the  latter's  convenience,  that  the  firm  took  more  electricity  than  all 
the  other  consumers,  including  the  tramways,  put  together,  and 
that  they  were  prepared  to  take  another  750  kw.  per  annum  with 
a  guarantee.  They  had  had  a  contract  for  a  year,  the  result  being 
that  the  undertaking  was  £3,000  better  off  than  in  the  previous 
year. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Abertillery.— The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  oppose  in 
Parliament  the  Western  Valleys  (Monmouthshire)  RaUless  Electric 
Traction  Bill. 

Australia. — The  Cabinet  has  approved  the  underground 
electric  railway  project  for  Sydney  (N.S.W.),  and  the  work  is  to  be 
started  immediately. 

Batle.v,— A  deputation  from  the  Dewsbury  Electricity 
and  Tramways  Committee  is  to  meet  a  Committee  of  the  Corpora- 
tion, on  the  20th  inst.,  to  discuss  the  question  of  the  proposed 
line  of  tramways  to  Staincliffe. 

Bolton. — The  new  Corporation  tramways  repair  sheds 
were  opened  on  February  5th  by  the  chairman  of  the  Tramways 
Committee.  The  works  include  the  following  departments  :  Wheel 
and  truck  shop,  fitted  with  an  overhead  travelling  crane  capable  of 
lifting  7i  tons,  a  wheel  lathe,  wheel  press,  and  two  hydraulic 
jacks  ;  electrical  repair  shop,  with  pits  over  the  whole  area  ;  paint 
shop  ;  body  shop,  with  basement  for  the  suction  pipes  to  the 
pneumatic  dust-removing  installation  ;  turning  and  fitting  shops, 
with  an  overhead  runway  and  trolley  tracks  ;  smithy,  offices,  &c. 
A  traverser  has  betn  laid  down  to  serve  the  wheel  and  truck,  elec- 
trical, paint  and  body  shops,  and  an  overhead  runway  and  trolley 
tracks  have  been  laid  along  the  main  passages.  The  whole  of  the 
machinery  is  electrically  driven.  Dining,  billiard  and  club  rooms 
have  been  provided  for  the  staff.  The  work  has  been  carried  out 
under  the  superintendence  of  the  borough  engineer.  In  opening 
the  building.  Alderman  Miles  mentioned  that  the  estimated  cost 
was  £20,000. 

Boyton  and  Cronipton. — Subject  to  the  approval  of 

the  B.  of  T.,  the  Oldham  T.C.  has  agreed  to  lease  the  tramways  in 
the  urban  areas  at  Roy  ton  and  Crompton  for  21  years.  Oldham 
will  pay  Roy  ton  U.D.C.  a  rental  of  £.i,677  per  annum  and 
Orompton  U.D.C,  £1,294  a  year. 

Bradford, — The  tramway  tracks  in  several  sections  of 
the  system  are  to  be  renewed,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £21,830. 
This  sum  includes  the  doubling  of  the  track  at  Great  Horton,  for 


which  the  sanction  of  the  Board  of  Trade  is  to  be  obtained. 
Tenders  are  to  be  invited  for  carrying  out  the  foregoing  work, 
including  the  provision  of  steel  poles  for  the  diuipment  of  trolley 
vehicle  routes. 

Bournenioutli. — The  T.C.  has  confirmed  a  proposal  to 

introduce  a  Sunday  service  of  tramcars,  from  2.0  to  10  p.m.,  and  to 
pay  the  employes  engaged  on  such  work  at  the  rate  of  time  and  a 
<iuarter. 

Bri{;hton    Railway    Elcctrilication.  —  Speaking   on 

the  advantages  of  electrical  working  on  the  Brighton  Co.'s  subur- 
ban railways,  Lord  Bessborough,  chairman  of  the  company,  at  the 
recent  general  meeting,  said;  Prior  to  the  establishment  of  eltc- 
trical  services  there  were  496  trains  working  in  and  out  of  Victoria 
Station  in  the  day.  At  the  present  time  739  trains  a  day  were 
worked.  At  London  Bridge  the  steam  trains  working  in  and  out 
prior  to  electrification  numbered  GG3  a  day,  but  now  901  trains  a 
day  passed  in  and  out.  The  average  number  of  passengers  carried 
each  year  on  the  South  London  line  since  electrification  was  over 
4  1  millions  more  than  the  number  carried  in  the  last  year  of  steam 
working,  or  14,000,000  more  passengers  during  the  whole  period. 
The  Victoria  and  Crystal  Palace  electrical  services  began  18  months 
ago,  and  in  that  period  there  had  been  an  increase  of  nearly 
4,000,000  passengers.  The  London  Bridge  and  Crystal  Palace 
services  had  been  in  operation  for  six  months,  but  even  in  that 
time  they  had  obtained  an  increase  on  this  section  of  over  319,000 
passengers.  The  cost  of  the  maintenance  of  the  whole  of  the 
overhead  equipment,  since  it  was  first  erected,  had  been  £2,927. 
which  worked  out  at  the  low  figure  of  £21  per  mile  per  annum, 
and  the  other  conditions  of  maintenance  were  equally  satisfactory. 
He  went  on  to  refer  to  the  company's  decision  to  extend  the  elec- 
trical working  to  the  greater  portion  of  its  remaining  suburban 
lines,  particulars  of  which  were  given  on  page  176,  and  stated  that 
the  contracts  will  shortly  be  made  with  the  Metropolitan  Carriage 
Co.,  for  the  motor  coaches,  and  with  Messrs.  Blackwell,  for  the 
overhead  construction.  The  works  will  take  four  years  to  com- 
plete, but  it  is  anticipated  that  an  important  part  will  be  in  use 
within  18  month?. 

Bristol. — It  has  been  decided  to  reciuest  the  Tramways 
Co.  to  remove  the  centre  tramway  poles  between  Bath  Bridge  and 
St.  Augustine's  Bridge,  on  the  ground  that  they  constitute  an 
obstruction  to  traffic  in  their  present  positions.  The  cost  of  carrying 
out  the  work  is  put  at  £1,700. 

Continental   Notes. — Geejiany. — In  connection  with 

the  projected  electrification  of  the  Berlin  municipal  and  suburban 
railways,  26  members  of  the  Budget  Commission  of  the  Prussian 
House  of  Deputies  recently  made  a  visit  of  inspection  to  the 
Bitterfield-Dessau  electric  railway  and  the  power  station  at  Mulden- 
stein,  which  is  undergoing  enlargement  for  the  purposes  of  the 
projected  electrification. — Elcktm/cr/i/ii.ic/ie  yachriclden. 

Russia. — The  town  of  St.  Petersburg  proposes  to  issue  a 
£7,000,000  loan,  half  this  amount  being  required  for  electric  tram- 
way extensions  in  the  city. 

Croydon. — The  Tramways  Committee  recommended  the 
B.C.  on  Monday  to  seek  poweis  to  extend  the  Addiscombe  tramway 
to  South  Norwood,  via  Woodside,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £28,102. 
The  scheme  provided  for  a  double  track  over  nearly  the  whole 
route,  and  for  the  purchase  of  five  cars.  Powers  were  obtained  for 
this  extension  in  1905,  but  were  allowed  to  lapse.  The  chairman 
of  the  Committee  contended  that  the  great  growth  of  the  neighbour- 
hood justified  the  expansion,  which  would  follow  the  principle 
adopted  by  the  L.C.C.  of  linking  up  various  dead  ends. 
Addiscombe  was  their  best  paying  route,  and  he  was  sure  of  further 
profit.  The  widespread  talk  about  motor-'buses  being  about  to 
"  wipe  out"  tramcars  he  attributed  to  party  motives  in  connection 
with  the  L.C.C.  elections.  All  the  information  that  he  had  pointed  to 
tramcars  being  run  more  cheaply  than  motor-'buses,  even  if  the-price 
of  petrol  came  down  by  two-thirds.  However,  it  would  take  two 
or  three  years  to  carry  out  the  scheme  if  adopted.  If,  in  the 
meantime,  motor-'buses  came  over  the  route — and  he  believed  there 
would  not  be  enough  traffic  to  maintain  both  services— the 
Council  could  reconsider  the  position.  Councillor  Hussey  moved 
the  reference  back.  Strong  ft ars  of  motor-'bus  competition  were 
expressed  by  several  members,  and  one  described  the  chairman's 
attitude  as  a  direct  invitation  to  motor-'bus  companies.  Councillor 
Umney  advocated  railless  traction,  estimating  that  the  cost  would 
not  be  more  than  £10,000.  The  voting  was  a  tie  of  24  votes  on 
each  side,  and  the  Mayor  (Councillor  S.  Rogers)  gave  his  casting 
vote  for  the  reference  back. 

Dewsbury. — The  General  Purposes  Committee  of  the 
Corporation  has  recommended  that  the  Parliamentary  Committee 
apply  for  a  pro  v.  order  for  powers  to  construct  a  tramway  from 
the  present  terminus  of  the  Dewsbury  and  Ossett  tramways  across 
the  Market,  and  a  junction  with  the  Spen  Valley  Light  Railway, 
with  running  powers  over  the  respective  lines,  for  the  purpose  of 
linking  up  the  proposed  Shaw  Cross  and  Westborough  tramways. 
It  was  also  decided  that,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Batley  Cor- 
poration, powers  should  be  obtained  for  carrying  the  Westborough 
tramway  system  from  the  borough  boundary  at  Dewsbury  Moor  tn 
Staincliffe. 

Doncaster. — The  Rural  District  Council  has  decided  td 
oppose  the  Mexboro'and  Swinton  Tramways  Bill,  which  is  to  pro- 
vide for  the  establishment  of  a  railless  traction  system,  the  ground 
of  objection  being  that  the  cars  are  injurious  to  roads. 


1 


Vol.73.   No.  i,8:ts, fkbuuaby  II,  i9i;i.]    Tin*'     l«'JjK(;'rRTCAL    JII'IVII'AV. 


2f31 


Folkestone. — Tho  T.(!.  Imw  scaled  it  petition  a<,'(iiiiHt  the 
Folkostone  ntid  DiMtrict  UnillcHH  Traction  Hill.  A  himilar  oourHO 
hnn  broil  taken  by  the  nei^^bbourinf;  Urban  CounciilH  at  Choriton 
and  San(](rato. 

(lililsiroM'. — At  an  early  date  the  T.C.  will  be  asked  to 
ooiisidcr  a  rpciommondation  by  the  Statute  Labour  Coniniittco  for 
the  erection  of  anew  bridjro- niakinir  four  in  all  — over  the  River 
Clyde,  in  the  centre  of  the  city.  I'or  yearn  back,  wince  the  inauirura- 
tion  of  the  trolley-car  syKtcni,  in  fact,  the  contreHtion  on  the  main 
thorough f art, M  haH  become  very  marked,  and  in  yearly  increasinp 
throuffh  the  leiiptheninp  of  car  routes  and  the  au(f mentation  in  the 
nurabpr  of  cars.  The  proponed  brid(,>'c,  if  the  Committee's  recom- 
mendation is  approved,  will  bo  immediately  to  the  west  of  the 
precent  .Tamaica  Bridfre,  over  which  the  heaviest  of  the  north  and 
south  traffic  pn.sae8,  and  will  be  utilised  as  a  relief  to  several  of  the 
routes  convcrprincr  near  that  point.  The  convener  of  the  tramways, 
in  ft  recent  speech,  promised  a  handsome  contribution,  if  not  the 
whole  cost  of  a  relief  bridere,  if  such  a  structure  was  erected  to 
the  satisfaction  of  his  committee. 

Hastings. — On  Friday  the  Corwration  passed  formal 
re t-olutions  adopting:  a  petition  to  Parliament  in  opposition  to  the 
Hastings  Tramways  Bill  which  is  beinpr  promoted  in  Parliament, 
and  authorisiuB:  the  expenditure  of  the  necessary  money  for 
opposing-  the  measure.  The  object  of  the  promoters  of  the  Bill 
is  the  substitu-tion  of  overhead  wires  along-  the  entire  front  of 
the  town  and  Robertson  Street  (the  chief  business  thoroughfare) 
for  the  existiner  Dolter  system,  which  has  for  some  time  past 
been  considered  unsatisfactory.  At  the  instance  of  the  Cor- 
poration, a  B.  of  T.  Inspector  has  been  down  and  made  certain 
snirg-estions  to  the  company.  Frontagers  are  practically  unanimous 
aerainst  overhead  wires,  which  they  contend  would  effectually 
rnin  the  Front  line.  The  resolutions  to  oppose  were  carried  by 
30  votes  to  .5. 

london. — Hackney. — The  Woolwich  B.C.  has  been 
informed  that  the  Hackney  Council  will  co- operate  with  it  and 
with  the  Lewisham  B.C.  in  opposing:  the  L.C.C.  Bill  so  far  as  it  has 
reference  to  running-  railless  trolley  vehicles. 

NaDChester. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  decided 
to  construct  a  double  track  along  Slade  Lane,  Levenshulme,  a 
growing  suburban  district.  The  Tramways  Committee  is  also  in 
the  market  for  a  number  of  motor- 'buses. 

Nidland  Railway  Electritication. — According  to  the 

Daily  Xewx,  the  Midland  Railway  Co.,  since  the  acquisition  of  the 
Southend  and  Tilbury  line,  with  joint  use  of  Fenchurch  Street 
Station,  has  taken  up  consideration  of  the  development  of  its  London 
suburban  traffic.  The  company  is  bound  by  the  Act  permitting 
the  taking-over  of  the  Tilbury  and  Southend  line  to  equip  the 
latter  for  electric  working  within  seven  years.  The  first  step  in 
this  direction  will  be  the  extension  of  the  present  electric  train 
service  from  Barking  to  Upminster  and  the  running  of  through 
electric  trains  to  that  point  from  the  underground  system.  Conse- 
quent on  this  alteration  the  company  now  contemplates  the  electri- 
fication of  the  line  formerly  known  as  the  Tottenham  and  Forest 
Gate  Railway,  running  from  Kentish  Town  to  East  Ham,  where 
the  main  line  between  Tilbury  and  London  is  joined.  The  main 
line  from  Kentish  Town  to  St.  Pancras  will  also  be  equipped  for 
electric  working.  At  the  same  time  it  is  proposed  that  the  line  to 
St.  Albans,  passing  through  Mill  Hill,  shall  also  be  electrified,  and  a 
junction  made  with  the  extended  Golder's  Green  tube  at  Colin 
Dale,  just  beyond  Hendon. 

Xcnport  (Mod.). — On  various  grounds  the  T.C.  will 
oppose  the  Western  Valleys  Railless  Electric  Traction  Bill. 

X.-E.  Railway  Electrification  Schemes. — The  North- 

blastern  Railway  Co.  is  about  to  electrify  the  section  of  line  from 
Shildon,  in  Durham,  to  Middlesbrough-on-the-Tees,  a  distance 
between  18  and  20  miles,  and  embracing  50  miles  of  track. 
Energy  wiU  be  supplied  by  the  Newcastle-on-Tyne  Electric  Supply 
Co.,  in  conjunction  with  the  Cleveland  and  Durham  County  Electric 
Power  Co.  The  contract  for  the  electrical  equipment  for  the  first 
10  locomotives,  which  are  to  be  constructed  at  the  X.-E.  Railway 
locomotive  works  at  Darlington,  has  been  placed  with  Messrs. 
Siemens  Bros.  The  contracts  for  the  sub-station  plant  are  said  to 
have  been  placed  with  the  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  and  the 
cables  with  the  British  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.  The 
line  is  largely  used  for  mineral  traffic,  and  the  trains  to  Newport 
average  over  900  tons  in  weight ;  the  reverse  traffic  consists 
principally  of  empty  trains  of  350  tons  weight. 

Xorth- Western  Railway  Electrification. — The  new 

local  line  between  Willesden  and  Watford  was  opened  for  traffic  on 
Monday,  with  a  temporary  steam  service,  pending  the  carrying-out 
of  the  electrical  scheme,  in  connection  with  which  considerable 
progress  is  being  made.  The  contract  for  the  power  station  at 
i^tonebridge  Park  is  about  to  be  let,  and  the  tunnel  work  in  con- 
nection with  the  extension  of  the  Bakerloo  tube  to  Queen's  Park 
has  been  commenced. 

Oxford. — The  T.C.  has  passed  a  motion  authorising  the 
Tramways  Committee  to  make  application  for  the  payment  of 
fines  and  penalties  due  to  the  Corporation,  by  reason  of  the  failure 
of  the  National  Electric  Construction  Co.  and  the  City  of  Oxford 
Electric  Tramways,  Ltd.,  to  carry  out  the  electrification  of  the 
tramways 


Slieflield.— 'i'lie  highwayw  Hurveyor  ha»  l)een  irmtrnf:t/:d 
to  put  in  hand  the  work  of  doubling  the  length  of  filngle  trmmwajr 
track  near  VVor)ilbank  Crescent  on  the  WoodneatM  itection  ox  early  u 
practicable.  The  track  in  Flat  .street  in  to  be  ext4'n(lwl  to  the 
bottom  of  Sycamore  Street.  TenderM  are  to  b<!  obtained  for  two 
negative  booHtorH  for  the  Kelham  Itland  power  utation.  and  for 
1,000  tons  of  tramway  rails.  In  coiinoction  with  the  alt<-rntlon  of 
the  road  levels  at  the  junction  of  Spring  Vale.  Howard  Road,  and 
Upperthorpe,  part  of  the  tramway  track  iH  to  be  renewed. 

South  Lancashire.— At  a  meeting  of  the  Woreiey 
District  Council,  held  on  Monday,  o  plan  wan  submitted  by  the 
South  Lanes.  Tramways  Co.  for  a  short  length  of  tramway  in 
Manchester  Road,  Walkden,  connecting  with  the  proposed  new 
tramway  through  Little  Ifulton. 

South    Shield.s.— At  a  meeting    of   the   T.C.   on    the 

5th  inst.,  the  question  of  extending  the  tramways  from  Laygate  to 
the  low  entrance  to  Tyne  Dock  was  dealt  with  in  a  report  of  the 
Tramways  Works  Sub-Committee,  which,  after  considering  a  report 
from  the  tramways  manager,  stated  that  it  was  unable  to  recom- 
mend the  extension  along  the  route  su^'gested.  The  Tramwayii 
Committee  recommended  that  the  Sub-Committee's  decision  be 
confirmed.  The  Mayor,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report,  said 
that  no  undertaking  could  afford  to  put  down  a  service  for  working 
men  only,  and  he,  after  making  a  study  of  the  suggested  new  route 
at  all  times  of  the  day,  could  testify  that  it  was  practically  deserted 
after  5  p.m.  Mr.  Sykes  commented  on  the  importance  of 
tapping  the  traffic  in  the  Corstorphine  district,  and  moved  that  the 
matter  be  sent  back  to  the  Committee  for  further  consideration. 
Eventually  the  amendment  was  negatived,  and  the  report  was 
adopted. 

Stockport.— At  the  T.C.  meeting  on  February  5th. 
consideration  was  given  to  a  report  made  by  the  tramways 
manager  upon  the  effect  of  the  alterations  of  tramway  fares. 
The  report  showed  that,  compared  with  the  corresponding  period 
of  the  preceding  year,  the  aggregate  increase  of  revenue  for  the 
period  under  review  was  £2,049  on  the  sections  concerned 
Alderman  Sharpies,  the  chairman  of  the  Tramways  Committee, 
said  there  was  no  doubt  there  had  been  a  loss.  Traffic  had 
increased  on  all  sections,  but  the  reduced  fares  had  resulted  in  a 
loss.  He  hoped  this  circumstance  would  not  be  taken  as  an 
inducement  to  reduce  fares  further  without  consideration  of  what 
the  result  might  be. 

Walsall.— The  working  of  the  Coi-poration's  tramways 
for  the  past  year  shows  a  net  profit  of  £3,392,  which  is  to  be  carried 
to  the  reserve  fund  after  a  payment  of  £500  to  the  borough  fund 
in  aid  of  the  rates.  The  Tramways  Committee  has  also  notified 
the  Finance  Committee  that  it  is  proposed  to  make  a  contribution 
from  the  estimated  profits  of  the  tramway  undertaking  in  relief  of 
the  rates  for  1913  to  the  amount  of  £1,000  (in  addition  to  the 
£500  mentioned),  to  be  paid  in  two  instalments  before  December 
.■^Ist  next. 

West  Hartlepool.— A  statement  which  has  just  been 
prepared,  for  the  information  of  the  members  of  the  West  Hart!e- 
pool  T.C,  shows  that  the  total  capital  expenditure  by  the  Corpora- 
tion on  the  tramways  is  £66,943.  The  arbitration  expenses  in 
connection  with  the  Foggy  Furze  lines  amounted  to  £1.858,  of 
which  counsel's  fees  were  £1,124,  and  expert  witnesses  £636.  The 
costs  of  the  case  in  the  King's  Bench  Division  regarding  the  pur- 
chase of  the  same  were  returned  at  £112,  and  in  the  Court  of 
Appeal  £136. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES 


Australia.— A  correspondent  of  the  Times  says  that 
wireless  stations  are  now  operating  in  the  six  State  capitals,  ass 
well  as  on  Thursday  Island  and  at  Port  Moresby. 

Hong  Kono;. — The  'Government  has  sanctioned  the  in- 
stallation of  wireless  telegraphy  at  Hong  Kong,  and  as  stations  will 
also  be  erected  at  Singapore  and  in  North  Borneo,  ships  equipped 
with  wireless  will  be  able  to  maintain  communication  with  the 
land  at  all  points  within  these  limits. 

Ice  Dangers   in   the  Atlantic— it  is  reported  that 

negotiations  are  passing  between  the  Government  and  the  principal 
Atlantic  steamship  lines  with  a  view  to  stationing  in  the  ice 
region  a  vessel  which  will  have  a  very  powerful  installation  of 
wireless  telegraphy,  and  will  report  to  stations  on  the  American 
coast  and  to  Atlantic  liners  crossing  the  ocean  the  positions  of 
icebergs  or  other  dangers  to  navigation. 

Imperial  Wireless  System.— On  AVednesday  last  week 

the  Select  Committee  on  the  Marconi  contract  further  examined 
Mr.  W.  R.  Lawson,  who  communicated  to  the  Committee  the  names 
of  the  brokers  and  dealers  most  largely  concerned  with  transactions 
in  the  company's  shares,  and  discussed  methods  of  identifying  the 
persons  for  whom  they  had  acted.  The  witness  said  there  was  no 
doubt  that  the  largest  transactions  had  been  foreign.  He  said  that 
his  articles  in  the  Ovtlook  and  the  S'atioiml  Rea^-  were  written  at 
the  request  of  the  editors,  end  that  his  references  to  Ministers  in 
the  former  were  not  intended  to  constitute  charges  against  them. 
He  thought  some  of  the  expressions  he  had  used  were  unfortnnate. 


262 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.    [Vol.  72.    No.  l.SHS,  February  14,  191s. 


He  held  that  .Mr.  (iodtrey  Isaacs,  by  reason  of  his  relationship  to 
the  Attorney-General,  was  able  to  get  better  terms  than  other  com- 
panies, thongh  he  did  not  suegest  that  the  Attorney-General  inter- 
fered with  the  netrotiations  in  any  way.  He  had  found  no  definite 
gronnds  for  makinfr  any  charg-es  against  Ministers. 

On  the  following  day  Mr.  Lawson  said  that  if  he  were  writing 
thfi  articles  again  he  would  not  employ  the  same  language  in  regard 
to  Ministers.  He  made  no  effort  to  find  out  whether  there  was  any 
foundation  for  the  rumours  connecting  Ministers  with  dealings  in 
the  share.o,  and  he  agreed  that  the  charges  should  not  have  been 
made  without  evidence. 

<  (Q  Monday  the  Hon.  W.  Guinness,  M.P.,  chief  proprietor  of  the 
nutlook,  and  the  editor  of  that  paper,  Mr.  E.  Oliver,  were  examined. 
The  former  expressed  regret  if  anything  in  the  articles  could  be 
taken  as  suegesting  improper  financial  conduct  on  the  part  of 
Ministers.  He  considered  that  certain  sentences  were  very  regret- 
table. He  had  not  the  slightest  doubt  as  to  the  personal  honour  of 
the  Postmaster-General.  Mr.  Oliver  denied  that  he  ever  looked 
upon  the  articles  as  charging  Ministers  with  personal  corruption. 
He  thought  they  were  a  most  valuable  series.  If  he  had  foreseen 
the  appointment  of  the  Committee,  he  would  not  have  published  the 
articles. 

On  Wednesday,  the  examination  of  Mr.  Oliver  wa<<  continued  and 
concluded  ;  Mr.  L.  J.  Maxse,  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  .Xatiomd 
Berifir,  was  then  called,  and  on  his  refusal  to  divulge  the  names  of 
persons  from  whom  he  obtained  information  regarding  the  rumours 
that  Ministers  were  financially  interested  in  the  Marconi  con- 
tract, because  it  would  be  a  breach  of  confidence,  the  Committee 
resolved  to  report  him  to  the  House  of  Commons.  No  further 
sittings  will  be  held  until  the  next  session. 

Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs  addressed  a  letter  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Post  Office,  in  reply  to  that  of  the  Postmaster-General,  stating  that 
the  Marconi  Co.  felt  morally  entitled  to  ask  that  the  agreement 
should  be  considered  as  no  longer  binding  on  either  party.  In 
addition  to  the  other  matters  to  which  he  referred  in  his  previous 
letter,  the  company  had  been  obliged  to  reserve,  for  nearly  a  year, 
the  sum  of  £800,000  to  enable  it  to  carry  out  the  work.  Having 
taken  counsel's  opinion,  the  company  was  advised  that  it  was  now 
entitled  to  intimate  that,  unless  the  Postmaster-General  was  in  a 
position  to  confirm  the  contract  by  March  Ist  next,  the  company 
would  treat  the  contract  as  at  an  end.  The  company,  however,  was 
reluctant  to  take  this  course,  and  requested  further  consideration  of 
its  letter  of  January  ISth. 

Italy. — A  scheme  has  been  submitted  to  the  Consigli  dei 
Ministri,  for  the  expenditure  of  £4, .500,000,  spread  over  several 
years,  on  the  systematisation  and  extension  of  the  Italian  telephone 
networks.  The  projected  operations  comprise  the  building  of  many 
new  up-to-date  exchanges,  great  additions  to  the  network  in  each 
city,  and  its  entire  conversion  to  the  underground  system.  The 
automatic  and  semi-automatic  systems  are  also  to  be  largely  intro- 
duced.—  Teleiirnfia  >•  Tclefimiii. 

Japan. — Tlie  negotiations  for  the  purchase  by  the 
Government  of  the  submarine  cables  between  Nagasaki  and 
Shanghai,  and  between  Tsuruga  and  Nagasaki,  are  reported  to  have 
been  completed. 

Norway. — The  Marconi  Co.  has  consented  to  the  pro- 
longation from  March  1st  to  July  Ist  of  the  period  during  which 
Norway  must  decide  with  regard  to  the  proposed  contract  for  the 
establishment  of  a  wireless  service  to  America. 

SalT'ra;?ist  Oatraipes. — On  Friday  and  Saturday  last 
week,  telegraph  and  telephone  wires  between  Coventry  and  Bir- 
mingham, near  Dumbarton,  and  between  Glasgow  and  London  were 
cot  by  suffragists,  and  the  underground  cables  to  (Jlasgow  were 
also  put  out  of  order. 

liie  Telephone  Transfer, — The  Postmaster-General  is 

appealing  against  the  award  of  the  Railway  and  Canal  Com- 
missioners with  regard  to  the  cost  of  raising  capital,  which  was 
assessed  at  £217,18!),  and  on  minor  matters. 
.  I'Dderffrouod  Cables. —  In  reply  to  a  (juestion  in  Par- 
liaitaent,  Mr.  II.  Samuel  stated  that  the  total  length  of  the  main 
underground  routes  was  1.197  miles  in  England,  and  133  miles  in 
Scotland.  The  total  expenditure  under  the  Post  Office  votes,  and 
the  telephone  capital  account,  had  been  about  .<:i!, 100,000.  The 
expenditure  on  the  routes  in  the  two  countries  had  been  approxi- 
mately proportionate  to  the  mileage. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 
Ahenlare. — ^larch  ;3rd.  Service  mabeiiaLs,  for  the  U.D.C. 
electricity  department.     See  "Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Asbton-under-Lyne. —  February  19th.  h.t.  switch- 
gear,  water  softeniDg  plant,  steam,  exhaust  and  feed  pipes,  tanks, 
kc,  for  the  Corporation.    See  "Official  Notices"  January  31sst. 

Austria.  —  IMi.skn. —  P'ebruary  2»tb.  Tenders  are 
required  for  one  30-H.r.  three-phase  motor  with  aocessoriee,  on»; 
.-  H  F.  ditto,  two  electric  nut-grinding  machines,  two  portable 
electric  drilling  machines  for  holes  up  to  hO  mm.  diameter,  two 
ditto  for  holeH  30  mm.  diameter,  one  portable  circular  saw  with 
electric  drive,  one  electrlo  polisher,  and  other  machinery.  Par- 
ticulars,  formii  of   tender,   ice.    K.k     StantflbRhndircktlon,    PiUen, 


Australia. — Victoria. — February  2 Ist.  Four  l,r)OU- 
KW.  rotary  converters,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  December  6th. 

Western  Australia.  —  February  19th.  Armoured  telegraph 
cable,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  department.  See  "  Official  Notices"  January 
10th. 

February  27th. —  Buildings  and  boiler-house  equipment,  turbo- 
alternators  and  rotary  converters,  for  a  Government  power  station 
at  Perth.     See  "Official  Notices'"  January  21th. 

Sydnev. — March  17th.     Motors  for  the  City  Corporation. 

South  Australia  March  .'ith.  One  section  of  a  common- 
battery  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  ''  Official 
Notices'"  January  31st. 

Commonwealth  Government.— Darwin  power  station,  about 
2,000  Kw.  Equipment  to  comprise  Diesel  oil  engines  and  accessories 
and  overhead  travelling  crane,  alternators  and  exciters,  and  switch 
board. 

New  SdUTH  Wales  Government  Railways. — March  oth. 
Twelve  single-phase  transformers,  and  one  12J-K\v.  generator. 
Specifications  388  and  389  (29.  Gd.  each)  from  Electrical  Engineers 
Office,  Gl,  Sydney. 

italearif  Islands. — February  18th.  The  municipal 
authorities  of  Valldamose  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  concession 
for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period  of  five  years. 

Belfast. —  February  24th.  Stores  and  materials  fur  one 
or  three  years,  for  the  City  electricity  department.  See  "Official 
Notices"  January  31st. 

Bicester. —  Electrical  installation  for  the  U.D.C.  ania. 
See  ''  Official  Notices  '  to-day. 

Blackburn. — February  lath.  Materials  for  a  year,  fm 
the  Corporation  Electricity  Department.  See  "Official  Notices  ' 
January  31  st. 

Bolton. — February  24th.  Materials  and  stores,  for  tlie 
Corporation  Tramways  Department.  See  "  Official  Notices  "  Feb- 
ruary 7th. 

Bournemouth. — February  2t»tli.  Stores  for  a  year,  for 
the  Corporation  tramway  department.  Mr.  I.  Bulfin,  General 
Manager,  Lansdowne. 

Bradford. — The  Chairman  and  Deputy  Chairman  of  tho 
Corporation  Electricity  Committee  have  been  authorised  to  purchase 
an  electrical  photocopying  apparatus,  for  reproduction  of  plans, 
\c.,  at  a  cost  of  £ti0. 

Brussels, — February  llith.  Tenders  are  invited  for  the 
supply  of  train  lighting  material  for  the  State  railways,  as  per 
Cahier  des  Charges  Special  No.  7. "18.  Particulars,  Salle  de  la 
Madeleine,  Brussels. 

February  25th. — Tenders  are  required  for  the  supply  of 
electric  meters  rtquired  for  the  public  service.  Particulars,  Maieon 
Communale,  Ixelles-les-Bruxelles,  Belgium. 

Canada. — The  Hydro- Electric  J'ower  Co.  of  Ontario, 
propose  shortly  to 'call  for  tenders  for  the  materials  for  the  con- 
struction of  125  miles  of  double-circuit  110,000-volt  transmission 
line,  and  the  necessary  equipment  for  sub-stations  for  the  trans- 
forming of  20,000  II. p.  from  the  line  to  13,200  volts.  Various  types 
of  apparatus  will  be  considered.  The  tenders  will  be  called  for  in 
March.     Address,  Continental  Life  Building,  Toronto. 

Croydon. — February  24th.  Sinking  artesian  well  and 
supply  of  pump,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  works.  See 
'  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Darlington. — February  17th.  One  1,000-kw.  steam 
turbo  alternator,  one  750-KW.  and  one  2.>0-KW.  rotary  converter, 
and  one  water-tube  boiler,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  Official 
Notices  '"  .January  3 Ist. 

I>erby. — February  i;)th.  One  2,000-k\v.  turbo-alter- 
nator, for  the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices"  February  7th. 

Durban  (Xatal).^ — I'ebrnary  24th.  Corpuratiou  Tram- 
ways. Supply,  f.o.b.,  of  six  miles  of  B  S.S.  Hat-bottom  Vignoles 
tram  rails,  together  with  fish-plates,  bolts  and  nuts,  copper  bonds 
and  dog  spikes.  Specifications  and  forms  of  tender,  £2  2s.  return- 
able, from  the  agents,  Messrs.  Webster,  Steel  A;  Co.,  2,  East  India 
Avenue,  Leadenhall  Street,  London,  E.C.,  to  whom  tenders  have 
to  be  sent. 

Edmonton. —  February  2Gth.  Electric  lamps  for  tlie 
B.  of  G.  Mr.  1'".  Shelton,  clerk,  The  Grange,  White  Hart  Lane, 
Tottenham. 

Ejfypt. — March  3 Ist.  Section  des  Municipalites  invites 
tenders  for  electric  light  installation  at  Damietta.  For  further 
particulars  see  this  column  "for  January  24th. 

Fincliley. — February  17th.  One  300-b.h.p.  oil  engine, 
coupled  to  a  200-KW.  E.C.C.  generator,  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  February  7th. 

Gloucester. — Stores  for  a  year,  for  the  (Jorpuration  Light 
Itailways  Committee.  Mr.  L.  Johnston,  General  Manager,  Bristol 
Road. 

llalifa.v. — February  17th.  Stores  and  materials  for  a 
year,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  department.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  January  Slat. 

February  17th.— Store*  and  raat«rial»  for  trainwdyi  dopartin.  ii 
for  Vi  month*.  Tramway*  Englnwr,  Tramway*  Offlofi,  Skirooat  Road 


Vol.72.   No.  i,h:«8,  FuHiuiAuv  II,  I91M.1    THE    ELECTRICAL    RRVIEW. 


2(y.i 


Ifoni.scy, —  l'Vl)iiiaiy  -iUh.  KkcLricity  imUie.  ciiblcH 
oml  cabin  hliiriH,  for  (lio  T.C.    See  "OlBciiil  NoticcH"  Februory  7tb. 

Ilfonl. — I'Vliriiary  iMh.  Stores  for  u  jenr,  for  tlii' 
I'.D.C.  elictrioily  (h'pnrlmcnt.    Hcc  "Onioinl  .Notices"  Februnry7tb. 

India. —  Febrnnry  18lb.  Hi^li  and  low-Unpioii  swilrh- 
boMdp,  for  the  H(inib»y,  Unrcda  and  Ccntrol  India  Ilailwoy,  See 
"Official  NotioPH"  January  Slat. 

l-ffds. —  l-'cbriiury  l!)th.  Coal  and  general  stores  for  a 
veor,  for  the  Corporation  eltctrio  liKhtinif  department.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  Jiinnary  24th. 

Fibniury    17th. ^Tho  City  Tramway»  Crmmittfe  ihvitea  tendern 
for  olectriial  HUudrieH  and  fcnt;iiiet'r»'  furnishint;?,  and  for  the  recce- 
•  struction  of  certain  portions  of  tramway  track. 

London. —  Bkrjiomj.sey. — February  17th.  Stores  for  a 
year,  for  the  B.C.  Electricity  Department.  See  "Official  Notices  ' 
January  24  th. 

L.C.C. — February  25th.  El»ctric  wiring  of  the  Camberwell  and 
Cresey  Road  car-fheds.     See  "Official  Notices"  January  Slat. 

Fetjniary  2")th. — Two  ><,O0O-k\v.  turbo- trencrators,  with  con- 
denters,  &i'.,  three  l.fiOO-KW.  rotary  converters,  nine  transformers 
for  rotary  converter?,  and  two  startinpf  transformers.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  to  day. 

February  26th.— Electrical  installation  at  Leipsic  Road  Ele- 
mentary School,  Camberwell,  S.E.     See  "Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

The  Hiehways  Committee  is  to  invite  tenders  for  the  supply  of 
2,200  track  insulators  and  3,20(»  porcelains  in  connection  with  elec- 
trical repairs  and  renewals  of  tramway  lines,  from  selected  firms. 

FrLRAJf.  -February  lilth.  Electrical  and  engineering:  stores  for 
a  year,  for  the  B.C.    See  "Official  Notices  "  February  7th. 

St.  Panchas. — Jlarch  4th,  Arc  lamp  carbons,  for  the  B.C.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  February  7th. 

Makylehone. — February  2('>th.  Stores  and  materials  for  a  year, 
for  the  B.C.  Electricity  Department.  See  "Official  Notices"  Feb- 
ruary 7th. 

Shobeditch. — February  24th.  Two  economisers  (Green  type), 
for  the  B.C.  electricity  department.     See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Stepney. — March  17th.  Boilers  and  boiler  house  accessories, 
turbo- alternators,  condeneers,  accessories  and  switchgear,  for  the 
B.C.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Manchester. — February  18th.  General  stores  for  a 
year,  for  the  Corporation  tramways  department.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  January  3l8t. 

February  18th. — Motor-'buses  complete,  for  the  Tramways  Com- 
mittee.   Mr.  J.  M.  McElroy.  manager. 

February  19th. — Providing  and  fixing  electric  light  fittings  at 
George  Leigh  Street  Municipal  School,  Ancoats.  Returnable 
deposit  £1  Is.  Mr.  C.  H.  Wyatt,  Director  of  Education,  Education 
Offices,  Deansgate. 

\eatli. — March  ;3rd.  One  400-K\\.  high-speed  engine, 
direct-coupled  to  a  two-phase  alternator,  and  accessories,  for  the 
K.D.C.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

•Xewport  (9lou.), — Maich  4tli.  Electric  light  fittings 
for  the  B.  of  G.     Mr.  A.  H.  Rees,  Clerk,  Queen's  Hill. 

February  22nd.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the  Corporation  Elec- 
tricity and  Tramways  Committee.    See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Uldbani. — February  21st.  Two  .^00-K\v.  motcr-alter- 
nators,  for  the  Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  '"  February  7th. 

Kochdale. — Engine  rooui  extension,  new  boiler  house, 
,vc.,  turbo-altercator,  condentitg  plant,  motor-alternator,  water- 
tube  boilers  and  boiler  house  equipment  for  the  Corporation,  .'^ee 
'  Official  Notices  "  February  7th. 

South  .4frit'a. — A  new  electric  main  hoist  is  required  for 
the  Village  Deep  gold  mine.  The  Cape  Town  Municipality  will  tie 
purchasing  for  suburban  extensions  during  the  next  six  months, 
33  miles  of  aerial  braided  wire,  1.5  miles  of  vulcanised  rubber  wire, 
one  mile  of  concentric  high-tension  cable,  and  1,100  yd.  of  three- 
core  high-tension  cable. — Br'Ui.th  ami  t^'tnit/i  African  Ed-port  Giizrtte. 

South  Shields. — February  17th.  Uniforms,  for  the 
Corporation  tramways  department.  See  "Official  Notices"  January 
31st. 

Stockton-on-Tees. —  February  19th.  Stores  for  a  year, 
for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department.    Electrical  Engineer. 

Swansea. —  Klectric  light  installation  at  new  Y.M.C.A. 
prtmises.    G.  Moxham,  architect,  18,  Castle  Street,  Swansea. 

Swindon, — March  8th.  General  stores  and  materials  for 
a  year,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  and  tramways  departments. 
See  "Official  Notices  '  to-day. 

March  10th. — One  600-kw.  mixed-pressure  turbine  and  con- 
densing plant,  boiler  feed  pump  and  pipework,  and  one  switchboard 
panel  and  cable?,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "Official  Notices" 
to-day. 

I'rniEnay. — March  29th.  Five  electric  gantry  cranes 
for  Customs  warehouses  at  Monte  Video.  B.  of  T.  C.I.  Depart- 
ment in  London. 

Wallhamstow. — February  28th.  Four  double-deck 
tramcars  complete  with  magnetic-brake  equipments,  for  the  XT.D.C. 
Sea  "  Official  Notices"  February  7th. 


Warliniiham.— Fcbruiiry  2\{h.     Klectric  lijrht  >iiindnet* 

for  the   .M.ntal    Ho»pital,   for  Croydon  T.C,  for  » year.     .Mr.  V  C 

Lloyd,  Town  (Ilcrk,  Town  Hall,  Croydon. 

Warrlnirton.  .Manh  .Mli.  ^fotrJrH  and  IranHformt-rM 
for  a  year,  for  the  Corporal icn.    Hto  "Official  Notice* "  to-day. 

Wiiran, —  February  2  Jth.     Iligh-tenHion,  three-core  feeder 

cable,    triin^fotmer    and    a.vitcbKcar,    for    the    Corporation.      .'vi; 
"Official  Noticea  '  to-day. 

Winihledon. —  Mar(.h  .''(th.  StorcH  imd  matcrialH,  for  a 
.year,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department.  See  "  Offlciml 
Notices  '  to  day. 

Wre.\hani. — March  hi.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  th*' 
Borough  Electrical  Engineu'r'rf  department.  Fee  '-Official  .Notice*" 
to-day. 


CLOSED. 


Australia. — According  to  Trnders  (Mininy  and  Engi- 
iircrhiii  liri  ietv),  the  following  contracts  have  heen  placed  : — 

P  M.G.'b  Departmknt.  Qceenslahd.— Five  tons  h«rd-drm«n  copper  wire, 
£97  Ifs.  rer  ton.— Briiieh  Insnlnted  A  HcUby  Cablcfi,  IM. 

N.a.W.  Pi-BLic  WoBKB  DrpjiBiMiiiiT.— Electric  p«BRcnii«r  lift  at  Mr. 
Hcbinaon's  shops,  George  Street,  NorlliSjdncy,  i.'iOO.— etardard-WajKoed,  Ltd. 

Belfast, — The  Harbour  Board  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  George  Russell  A:  Co..  Ltd.,  amounting  to  £8,72.'),  for  the 
construction  at  Alexandra  Wharf,  of  an  electric  derrick  crane 
capable  of  lifting  120  tons. 

Bradford, — The  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  has 
accepted  the  offer  of  Messrs.  Electromotors,  Ltd.,  to  supply  two 
lO-H.p.  direct -current  slow-speed  motors  required  for  the  stoker 
drive  at  Valley  Road  electricity  works. 

Burnley. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  the  United  Electric  Car  Co.,  at  £153  per  car,  for  the  con- 
version of  14  wind-shield  cars  to  top-cover  eiars. 

Canterbury. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Mr. 
S.  Terry,  Canterbury,  for  electrical  engineering  work  for  the 
ensuing  half-year. 

Colchester. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
H.  G.  Merry  L^c  Co.  tor  300  tons  of  Shirebrook  nutty  slack  for  the 
electricity  works,  at  15s.  OJd.  per  ton. 

Dewsbury. — The  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee 
has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Babcock  &  Wilcox,  Ltd.,  for  new 
boilers. 

France. — After  comparative  trials  of  a  number  of  types 
of  motors,  the  Compagnie  des  Tramways  de  I'Est  Parisien  has 
placed  an  order  with  the  Societe  Anonyme  Westinghouse  for  10"^ 
50-H.P.  No.  307  type  motors ;  also  for  the  new  type  of  Westing- 
house  non-automatic  multiple  control  equipments. 

Henisworth. — The  R.D.C.  has  acc«pted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  R.  Farr  &  Sons,  of  Doncaster,  for  the  installation  of  tele- 
phones at  the  Isolation  Hospital,  at  £4  7. 

Horsham. — The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Heenan  &  Froude  for  mechanical  hoppers  for  the  refuse 
destructor,  at  £122. 

Italy. — The  Ganz  Eleotricitats  Gesellschaft,  of  Buda- 
pest, has  secured  a  contract  for  the  construction  of  an  electric  rail- 
way about  2U  miles  long,  between  Angera.  on  Lake  Msggicrc.  and 
Varese. 

Liveipool. — The  Corporation  has  just  placed  an  order 
with  Halley  s  Industrial  Motors,  Ltd .  for  a  petrol  motor-tower 
wagon  chassis  for  use  in  connection  with  the  maintenanie  of 
tramway  conductors. 

London. — The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  by 
the  Metropolitan  Water  Board  for  the  undermentioned  supplies : — 

British  Insuliited  and  Helsbv  Cables,  Ltd.— Aluminiuni  cable,  .£61. 

Henley's  Telegraph  Works"  Co.— Paper-insulated  lead  coveted  cable  tod 
joint  bo-tes,  £S8.  •  - 

Edison  &  Bwan  United  Kleclric  LigBt  Co..  Ltd.— TOO  dravn-wire  metal- 
filament  lanipf.  Rt  Is.  7d.  each. 

L.C'.C.  -The  Highways  Committee  has  accepted  tencers  of  the 
British  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables.  Ltd.,  and  Messrs.  Brecknell. 
Munro,  \-  Rogers,  Ltd..  at  £123  and  £113  respectively,  for 
overhead  fittings. 

The  following  tenders  weie  received  for  number  plates  for 
indicating  the  routes  of  cars  on  the  Council  s  tramwajs  : — 


Venner's  Signs,  Lt«i.  ..       ••        •• 

Bn  sb  Electrical  F.ngineenng  Co.,  Ltd. 
Hurst,  Nelstn  *  Co  ,  Ltd 


(accepted)     SB.ffS 
6,00 


A  contract  has  been  entered  into  with  Messrs.  Qoilliam  Brcs, 
for  five  Collins  electric  point  turners,  for  £425,  "^u^Ject  to 
no  payment  being  made  until  the  saving  in  expenses  effected  by 
their  use  's  equivalent  to  the  cost  of  the  machines. '  This  is  in  place 
of  a  contract  placed  last  October  with  Messra.  S.  Stone  .t  Co .  who 
ivre  agents  only. 


264 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,  [voi  72.  No.  i.sss.febkuabyh,  1913. 


During-  the  Christmas  recess  the  Education  Committee  received 
tenders  as  below  : — 

CA9iBSR^vELL,  N.— L.C.C.  Camberwell  School  of  Arts  and  Crafts.— Kx- 
tension— Electric  lighting- 

A. E.G.  Electric  Co.,  Lta (withdrawn)  £908 

Tredegar  &  Co (accspted)  »ia 

O.  West>.n  A:  Bors,  Ltd 918 

E.  Lawrence  &  Sons,  Ltd.           1,061 

C.  H.  Cathcart  4  Co 1,345 

Kbkninoton.— Vauxhall  Street  School— Electric  lighting— 

Tredegar  &  Co (accepted)  £431 

(i.  Webion  4  Sons,  Ltd 454 

A. F.  G.  Electric  Co..  Ltd 4fil 

\V.  C.  Tacklev  &  Co.,  Ltd 499 

E.  Lawrence  &  Sons,  Ltd.            580 

C.  H.  Cathcart  >t  Co • .  670 

British  EcQDOniical  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.     .^        770 

Manchester. — Various  committees  of  tbe  Corporation 
have  accepted  the  foUowinfr  tenders  : — 

Manche.iiter     Steam      Users'      Association. — Periodical      inspection     and 

insurance  of  four  watertube  boilers,  superheaters  and  economisers 

at  Stuart  Street  station, 
Tudor    Accumulator    Co.,    Ltd.— Testing    battery    at    the    cable    stores, 

Ardwick. 
British   Electric  Transformer  Co.,  Ltd. — Requirements  of  A.c.  balancers 

during  the  period  ending  December  91st,  li<13. 
British   Insulated  and  Helsliy  Cables,   Ltd  —Requirements  of  additional 

sizes  of  fuse  boxes  during  the  I'eriod  ending  June  30th,  1914. 
Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Pspirinsulated  cable. 

Xewcastle-on-Tyne. — A  contract  for  tiamcar  nietei-s 
for  Newcastle-on-Tyne  tramways,  has  been  received  by  Mesfr?. 
Ferranti,  Ltd, 

Xewcastle-uiider-Lvme. — Tbe  T.C.  has  ac(«pted  tlie 

tender  of  Callender"g  Cable  and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  cables 
for  extensions. 

\orth-Eastern  Railway. — Messrs.  Siemens  Bros,  have 
secured  the  contract  for  the  electrical  equipment  (motors,  pears, 
control  equipments,  i:c..")  for  the  ten  electric  freight  locomotives 
to  be  used  in  connection  with  the  electrification  of  North-Eastern 
Railway  Co.'s  mineral  line  between  Shildon  and  Newport 
(Middlesbrough). 

IVnneaton. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  tbe  tender  of  Messrs. 

Babcoek  k  WUcox,  Ltd.,  for  a  water -tube  boiler  for  the  electricity 
works,  at  £800. 

Rotherhaill. — The  T.C.  has  placed  an  order  with  the 
R.E.T.  Construction  Co.  for  the  supply  of  two  trolley  vehicles,  at 
i;765  each.  The  tender  of  Anderton  4;  Beatson  has  been  accepted, 
at  £2'.»8,  for  installing  electric  light  at  Kimberworth  .'ichools,  plus 
128.  6d.  each  for  any  extra  points  required. 

Sal  ford. — The  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  has 
authorised  the  purchase  of  two  overload  circuit  breakers  for  the 
new  battery,  from  Mr.  Bertram  Thomas,  at  £90. 

Shefiield. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 

,Tohn  Brown  i;  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  liOO  steel  tramcar  tires,  at  268.  per  tire. 
The  tenders  of  the  Staveley  Coal  and  Iron  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  10,000 
.■^in.  cast-iron  cable  pipes,  at  £i'i  10s.  a  ton,  and  of  Messrs.  \V. 
Marlow  k  Sons,  at  £1,780.  for  foundations  for  three  new  boilers, 
chimney  base,  kc,  at  the  Neepsend  power  house,  have  also  been 
accepted.  The  contract  with  Messrs.  Marsh  Bros,  for  the  maintenance 
of  the  internal  telephone  system  at  the  Council's  hospitals  is  to  be 
extended  for  a  further  period  of  12  months. 

Stone  (Staffs.). — The  U.D.C.  lias  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Blackburn,  Starling  A:  Co.  for  the  electric  light  installation 
at  the  sewage  works,  at  £108. 

Stretford. — The  tender  of  Messrs.  Veritys,  Ltd.,  has 
been  accepted  by  the  T.D.C.  for  a  1.".h.p.  totally-enclosed  interpole 
motor 

Sunderland. — The  T.C.  on  Wednesday  accepted  the 
following  tenders  :  — 

British  Insulated  and  Heleby  Cables,  Ltd.— 5f0yd.  of  l.t. cable  and  .1,000  yd. 

of  i.T.  cable. 
Ferranti,  Ltd.— 50  meters. 

Tonhridl^e. — The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Switohgear  &  Cowans,  Ltd.,  for  alterations  and  additions  to 
the  switchboard  at  the  electricity  works,  at  £147. 

Walsall. — The  T.C.  has  placed  an  nrdoi  with  Messi>. 
Babcoek  .'c  Wilcox.  Ltd.  (£290),  for  a  mechanical  stoker  at  the 
srenerating  station. 

West  Ham. — An  offer  of  the  Glasgow  Railway  Engineer- 
ing Co.,  Ltd.,  has  been  accepted  by  the  T.C.  for  the  supply  of  200 
caet-steel  tram  wheels  and  tires,  at  £4  Is.  6d.  each.  The  Council's 
contracts  with  the  Fuller  Electrical  Co.  for  semi-enclosed  A.c. 
motors,  and  Mcisrs.  Baxter  A:  Caunter  for  Credenda  conduit, 
are  to  be  extended  for  a  further  period  of  12  months,  as  is 
also  the  contract  with  the  Armorduct  Manufacturing  Co.  for 
wires  and  cables,  at  the  present  price  up  to  7/14  size,  and  above  at 
from  ")  to  1.5  per  cent,  a'lvance,  according  to  size. 

Wolverhampton. — Owing  to  a  breakdown,  Xo.  1  motor- 
generator  is  to  be  repaired  by  the  Electric  Construction  Co.,  Ltd., 
for  £40<'>,  and  No.  2,  by  the  same  company,  for  £57.  A  new  canal 
boat  its  to  be  purchased   at  an  estimated  cost  of  £75. 


PORTHCOMINQ    EVENTS. 


Physical  Society.— Friday,  February  14th.  At  8  p.m.  At  the  Imperial  College 
of  Science,  South  Kensington.  8.W.    Annual  general  meeting. 

Junior  Institution  of  Engineers.— Friday  evening,  February  14lh.— At  39' 
Victoria  Street,  S.W.  Paper  on  "  Electrical  Installations  in  Ikletal  Conduit' 
with  Special  Reference  to  Earthing,"  by  Mr.  P.  H.  Taylor. 


Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers.— Friday,  February  14tb.  At  8  p.m. 
Annual  gmeral  meeting.  Paper  on  "  Modern  Condensing  Systems,"  by  Mr. 
A.  E.  L.  Scanes. 

Association  of  Mining  Electrical  Engineers  (West  of  Scotland  Brancb\ 

—  Saturday,  February  15tli.  At  4. SO  p.m.  Meeting  ut  the  Royal  Technical 
College,  Glasgow. 

(Newcastle  Branch).— Wednesday,  February  Ifth.  At  7  p  m.  At  the 
Armstrong  College,  Newcastle.  Lecture  on  "The  Development  of 
Mechanical  Power  in  the  Mines  of  the  North-E«6tcrn  Coalfield- a 
Comparison  and  a  Contrast,"  by  Mr.  R.  Nelson  (H.M.  Electrical  Inspector 

of  Mines). 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Scottisli  Section).  —  Saturday,  Feb- 
ruary 15tb.— At  7.c0  p.m.  At  the  brosvenor,  Ulasgow,  Annual  smoking 
loncert. 

(Western  Sectlonl.— Monday,   February,  17th.     At  4  p.m.     At  the 

Merchant  Venturers' Technical  College,  Bristol.  Address  on  "Some  Uses 
of  tbe  Stroboscope,"  by  Prof,  D.  Robertson.  At6.80p.m„  At  St.  Stephen's 
Restaurant,  Bristol.    Dinner. 

(Manchester  Students'  Sectionl.— Tuesday,  February  Wth.  At 
7.H0  p.m.  At  the  Municipal  t'chool  of  Technology,  Manchester.  Paper  on 
"  Time  Limits,"  by  Mr.  H.  R.  Constantine. 

(Students'Sectlon).— Wednesday,  February  19th.  At  7  45  p.m.  At  the 
Institution,  Embaukment,  W.C.  Paper  on  "  Some  Problems  of  Electricitv 
Supply,"  by  Mr.  G.  \V.  P.  Page. 

Birmingham  and  District  Electric  Club.— Saturday,  February  16th.  At 
tj.ao  p.m.     At  the  Swan  Hotel,  Birmingham.     Annual  dinner. 

Illuminating  Engineering  Society.— Tuesday,  February  18th.  At  8  p.m.  At 
the  Royal  Society  i.f  Aris.  Paper  on  "  The  Use  of  Shades  and  Reflectors," 
by  Messrs.  J.  G.  Clark  and  V.  H.  Mackinney. 

North-East  Coast  Institution  of  Engineers  and  Shipbuilders.— Friday, 

February  2ist.  At  7.80  pm.  At  the  Lit.  and  Phil.,  Newcastle.  Lecture 
on  "Surface  Combustion,"  by  Prof.  W,  A.  Bone. 

Boyal  Institution.— Saturday,  February  22nd.— At  8  p.m.  Lecture  on  "  The 
Properties  and  Constitution  of  the  Atom,"  by  Prof.  Sir.  J.  J.  Thomson. 
(Lecture  III.)  . 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Officer— Liect.-Col,  H.  M.  Leaf. 

The  following  orders  have  been  issued  for  the  current  week  : — 

Monday,  February  17th.— "A"  Company.  Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Tuesday,  February  18th.— "B"  Company,   Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Thursday,  February  20th.— "C"  Company,    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Friday,  February  2l6t.— "D"  Company.    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m, 

Saturday,  February  22nd.— "A"  and  "B"  Companies  (Right  Half  Battalion). 
Weekend  training  at  Dover.  Dress:— Service  dress,  putties  and  great- 
coats. No  arms  will  be  taken.  Parade  at  Victoria  Station,  L.C.  and 
S.E.  line,  at  1  p  m. 

"C"  Company —Week-end   lorry  run.     Parade  at  Headquarters  at 
3  p.m.     Dress :— Service  dress,  putties  and  greatcoats. 

Headquarters  will  be  open  from  10  a.m.  till  12  noon  for  regimental 
business, 

(Signed)        J.  H.  S.  Phillips,  Major, 

For  Officer  commanding  L.E.E. 


NOTES. 


Parliamentary. — Shekkiki.u  Corporation  Bill. — As 

stated  in  the  Electbicai,  Review  of  last  week,  the  House  of  Lords 
passed  a  new  sub-clause  in  the  Shettield  Corporation  Bill  dealint; 
with  electrical  fittinps.  Lord  Southwark,  who  moved  the  new 
clause,  stated  that  it  was  by  way  of  a  compromise. 

On  Monday  the  Bill  again  came  before  the  House  of  Commons, 
when  Mr.  Maclean  proposed  that  the  House  should  agree  with  the 
Lords  in  the  amendment. 

Mr.  Pointer  said  that  since  the  matter  was  last  before  the  House 
there  had  been  the  usual  negotiations,  and,  ultimately,  driven  by 
force  of  time,  the  Corporation  apreed  to  the  clause  as  it  bad  been 
read.  He  did  not  know  whether  what  it  meant  was  fully  appre- 
ciat«d.  It  meant  that  while  it  appeared  on  the  surface  that  the 
Corporation  had  apreed  to  the  compromise,  in  reality  they 
had  gjiven  everything:  away.  Let  any  member  of  the 
House  jndtre  what  he  would  do  in  the  circumstances. 
If  he  were  ffoinp  to  have  electric  ligrht  installed  in  his 
house,  and  had  the  idea  of  employing:  the  Corporation  to 
do  the  work,  the  Corporation  could  only  carry  the  wires  so 
far  as  the  ceilinps  and  walls,  and  then  he  would  have  to  call  in  a 
private  trader  to  finish  the  task.  Every  one  of  them  would  be 
inclined  to  pive  the  order  to  the  man  who  could  complete  the 
transaction  right  through.  Therefore,  while,  on  the  face  of  it,  it 
looked  like  a  compromise,  in  fact,  the  Corporation  had  undoubtedly 
given  all   the  work    to   private    traders.     He  viewed    that  with 


Vol.72.  No.  i,8:t8,FKnunAUYH,i9i;<.]    THR    ELFiCTRTCAL    RP'iVTEW. 


265 


rejrrot,  but  they  were  driven  rijfht  to  the  tall  end  of  the  (leiinion, 
and  if  thoy  dicfturrccd  with  the  Lords'  (imrndnncnt,  and  the  Bill 
wont  l)nck  aifain  to  tho  LohIh,  it  would  Im  lont,  and  the  Torpora- 
tion  wo\ild  Ha<;rifi(:o  iniprovcinimtH  to  th<i  valiio  of  ovctr  41(io,000. 
ItcdftUHO  of  the  fxiironoifiH  of  time,  therefore,  ho  propoHcd  to  ofl'er 
IK)  oppoHition  to  tlio  ninendmcnt.  The  ((UCHtion  woh  then  put  and 
agreed  to. 

Parmamknt  and  Wau  OrricR  Contkacts.— In  Saturdayn 
Parliamentary  PapnrH  Mr.  Touoho  anked  the  Secretary  of 
State  for  War  if  ho  would  nay  whether  tho  German  cable 
used  at  Tidworth  and  Rulford  campB  was  bcinpr  inpulated 
with  re-numufactured  rublxT  or  partly  no.  Col.  Seely  replied 
that  it  woM  understood  that  a  certain  amount  of  rc-manu- 
factured  rubber  was  used  in  the  outside  vulcanised  covcrinir  of  the 
cable,  which  was  mainly  for  mechanical  protection  for  the  pure 
rubber  inner  covering.  The  rubber  used  wa«Hut)jectcd  to  mechanical 
tests  and  found  quite  satisfactory.  Replyintr  to  Mr.  Touche  on 
Tuesday,  Mr.  Haker  faid  that  there  had  been  no  other  War  Office 
contracts  (ifiven  out  in  respect  of  other  works,  besides  those  at 
Tidworth  and  Hulford,  in  which  German  cable  had  been  used. 

Mr.Touohcthen  asked  the.'^ecrctary  of  StateforWarto  saywhether 
the  inspectors  representinp:  the  War  Ofllcc  wore  present  throuprhout 
the  manufacture  at  Eschweilcr,  Germany,  of  the  cable  for  the  Army 
camps  at  Tidworth  and  Bulford,  or  did  they  merely  inspect  and  test 
the  completed  cable ;  and  was  the  former  practice  followed  in 
respect  of  cable  manufactured  for  War  OfTicc  use  in  this  country  .' — 
Mr.  Baker  said  tlie  inspectors  tested  the  cable  durinp  the  course  of 
manufacture,  and  apain  on  completion.  The  same  practice  was 
ado]>ted  in  repprct  of  cablt  manufactured  in  this  country. 

Mr.  Touche  further  asked  whether  there  was  any  clause  in  the 
specifications  for  the  work  at  Tidworth  and  Bulford  Camps  in 
which  the  German  cable  was  employed,  requiring  the  use  of 
pure  Para  rubber  only  and  excludinp  the  use  of  re-manu- 
factured rubber  '—Mr.  Baker  replied  that  there  was  no  such 
clause,  but  it  was  specified  that  the  layer  next  to  the  conductor  was 
to  be  of  pure  rubber,  and  the  other  two  of  vulcanised  rubber.  The 
quality  of  the  whole  was  covered  by  a  mechanical  test. 

Hanchester    Electro-Harmonic    Society. — The  next 

concert  of  this  society  is  to  be  held  on  Friday  next,  February 
21st,  at  the  Albion  Hotel,  Manchester,  with  Mr.  S.  L.  Pearce 
in  the  chair.  We  have  received  an  advanced  copy  of  the 
progrramme,  from  which  we  gather  that  those  present  will  be 
regraled  with  a  splendid  selection  of  items — violin,  'cello,  vocal 
solos  and  humorous  selections,  the  artistes  being  as  follows  : — 
Solo  violin,  Mr.  J.  Sedgwick  Bridge  ;  solo  'cello,  Mr.  J.  H.  Foulds  ; 
soloist  (bass),  Mr.  Hamilton  Harris  ;  entertainer,  Mr.  Wilfrid 
Ludlow  ;  pianist  and  accompanist,  Mr.  E.  Bennett  North.  It  is 
expected  that  there  will  be  present  quite  a  large  attendance  of 
local  gentlemen  who  are  intimately  connected  with  the  elec- 
trical trade,  and  we  would  urge  our  readers  in  and  around  the 
Manchester  district  to  make  arrangements  to  support  the  society 
on  this  occasion.  Seeing  that  during  the  evening  there  will  be  five 
intervals  of  ten  minutes  or  more  each,  between  7.30  and  11  o'clock, 
in  which  one  can  fraternise  and  converse  to  his  heart's  content, 
there  will  no  doubt  be  a  large  company  present,  and  the  event 
should  be  a  very  popular  one. 

Annual  Socials  and  Dinners.— Norwich. — On  Friday 

last  the  employes  of  Messrs.  Laurence,  Scott  &  Co.  were  entertained 
at  dinner,  the  chair  being  taken  by  Mr.  Cecil  Wilson,  who  apologised 
for  the  absence  of  his  co-directors,  Mr.  R.  Laurence  and  Mr.  W.  H. 
Scott.  The  vice-chair  was  occupied  by  Mr.  W.  Alcraft,  who  pro- 
posed "Success  to  Laurence,  Scott  lV:  Co.,  Ltd.,"  and  took  the  oppor- 
tunity of  welcoming  Mr.  Gilbert  Scott.  Mr.  Alcraft  congratulated 
the  directors  upon  the  large  amount  of  business  in  hand,  and  said 
that  1912  had  been  the  hardest  year  so  far  experienced  at  the  works. 
A  kindly  feeling  existed  between  the  directors  and  the  employes, 
and  half  wages  had  been  paid  to  those  who  had  been  unable  to  work 
during  the  Norwich  August  flood.  The  chairman,  in  responding, 
said  recent  coal  and  transport  strikes  had  caused  great  concern  to 
the  directors,  who  had,  however,  at  considerable  difficulty  and 
expense,  managed  to  obtain  a  sufHcient  supply  of  coal  and  materials 
to  keep  the  works  going.  Business  had  scarcely  recovered  from 
the  effects  of  the  strikes,  when  the  works  were  disorganised  by  the 
August  flood.  Fortunately,  the  actual  damage  done  was  relatively 
nmall,  but  there  was  much  loss  of  time  and  consequent  delay  in  the 
completion  of  orders.  The  Prm  had  now  an  extraordinary  amount 
of  work  in  hand,  including  orders  for  the  British  Admiralty  and 
the  Navies  of  Spain,  Chile,  Brazil,  Turkey  and  Japan.  Other  toasts 
followed. 

London. — The  fourth  annual  dinner  of  the  Admiralty  Super- 
intending Electrical  Engineers'  staff  took  place  on  Saturday  last  at 
the  Cafe  Monico,  Piocaxlilly,  W.  The  toast  of  "  The  Chairman  " 
was  entrusted  to  Mr.  W.  McClelland,  who  referred  to  his  sterling 
qualities  and  his  long  and  pleasant  association  with  him.  The 
toast  was  received  with  acclamation,  and  drunk  with  musical 
honours.  The  chairman,  Mr.  C.  H.  Wordingham,  M.I.C.E.,  replied 
in  a  humorous  speech.  During  a  pleasant  evening  the  vocal 
abilities  of  some  of  the  staff  were  "  unearthed."  The  arrangements 
were  carried  out  by  a  Committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Green,  Shaw, 
Mortimer,  Graham,  Broomfield  and  Skinner  Chon.  secretary). 

Kirkcaldy.— About  300  employes  and  friends  of  the  Kirkcaldy 
tramway  and  electric  lighting  departments  were  present  at  the 
tenth  annual  social  and  dance  on  5th  inst. 

London. — The  second  annual  dinner  of  the  Central  Electric 
Athletic  Club  was  held  at  the  Eyre  Arms  Hotel,.  Wellington  Road, 
N.W.,  last  Saturday  evening.     In  the  absence  of  Mr.  F.  J.  Walker, 


owinif  to  hHghl  IndiHpoHilion,  tho  chafr  wan  taken  br  Mr.  H.  T. 
Dobdon,  Hupjjorted  t)y  MennrB.  D  T.  Powell,  W.  E  Rowland,  F, 
Napier,  W.  .1.  I).  Partridge,  T.  Mrico.  W.  Bargmii.  W.  Pnmmcll.  S. 
Green  and  II.  StephinH.  The  hall  wan  well  flll«-d  by  mcmhirii  of 
the  staff  and  their  fricndii,  numhoring  about  "'>.  The  chairman 
alludfd  to  the  r.grettnbb^  abwnce  of  Mr.  II,  P.  GaM>,  who  waii 
recuperating  in  Swit/i-rland,  and  gave  the  toant  of  "The  King, 
which  was  suitably  honoured.  Th«-  prizeH  were  then  dl«tribut*d, 
H.  P.  f  Jazo  txMng  again  the  winner  of  the  "  L<-af  Challenge  T'up.  '  and 
A.  W.  Law,  the  runiieruii.  The  Dontgal  IWlge  wiu»  won  by  J.  K 
WoIIh,  .'<.  G.  Rhodes  and  H.  Cope  lieing  necoml  and  thi'd  resiH-ctively. 
The  concert  which  followed  was  arranged  by  Mr.  If  Morton,  and 
was  much  enjoyed,  the  artistee  Iw-ing  Mies  Winifrefi  Mansfield,  Mr. 
Dick  Dudley,  the  Conrellano  Trio,  MesKrit.  If  Morton  and  J  Clayton, 
I).  T.  Powell,  W.  Cornell,  H.  Pummell.  D.  Ddwards  and  F.  IjiWBon, 
the  aecompanist  being  Mr.  .Jaines  Swift. 

London.— On  Saturday  last  Messrs.  RawlingB  Bros,  entertained 
about  400  of  their  emi)loy('H  and  their  wives  and  friends  at  their 
annual  social  gathering.  We  have  it  on  very  good  authority  that 
everyone  present  realiced  that  the  true  democratic  spirit  reigned 
supreme  and,  as  Mr.  W.  R.  Rawlings,  who  presided,  stated,  the 
success  of  the  firm  in  all  its  various  departments  was  attributable 
to  the  loyalty  of  the  employes.  During  the  evening  refresh- 
ments were  served  and  a  high-class  entertainment  was  provided, 
Mr.  Arthur  Ilill  with  his  "marionette"  and  'wally  '  shows,  and 
also  his  son  of  less  than  seven  years  of  age,  li&vo.  a  very  fine 
entertainment.  Fine  renderings  on  the  piano  and  violin  were  given 
by  Mr.  W.  Hazel  and  Mr.  Conrad  Benjamin  respectively.  Mr.  Bert 
Finch  and  Mr.  Bert  Russell  amused  the  audience  with  humoroun 
songs,  and  Mr.  Frank  Heritage  again  appeared  with  his  'cello. 
Miss  Margaret  Ward  Smith,  contralto,  and  Mrs.  Rowden,  wife  of 
one  of  the  directors,  gave  a  fine  rendering  of  sentimental  songs, 
while  Miss  Gla<lys  Ely  held  the  audience  8pell-l)Ound  with  clever 
character  sketches.     Miss  Evelyn  Key  acted  aa  accompanist. 

Cheshire.— At  the  Brooklands  Hotel,  Cheshire,  on  Saturday, 
8th  inst.,  the  employes  of  the  Record  Electrical  Co..  Ltd.,  held  their 
first  annual  dinner.  The  muster  was  exceedingly  good,  including 
as  guests  the  London  office  staff  and  the  directors  of  the  company. 
The  chairman  of  the  company,  Mr.  C.  W.  von  Roemer,  toasted 
"The  King,"  being  followed  by  Mr.  A.  James,  who  proposed 
"The  Company."  For  the  latter,  Mr.  Record,  in  replying, 
expressed  his  great  pleasure  at  the  good  feeling  shown  by 
the  invitation  given  to  the  directors  to  be  present  at  the 
works  dinner.  The  chief  of  the  testing  department,  Mr.  J.  H.  Care, 
toasted  "The  Directors,"  and  advised  all  to  work  for  collective 
benefit  rather  than  for  individual  gain.  Mr.  von  Roemer,  in  reply- 
ing, referred  to  the  advance  and  success  which  had  attended 
the  company's  efforts  since  its  incorporation.  The  ''  Star  turn  of 
the  evening  was  introduced  when  the  works  superintendent,  Mr. 
W,  G.  Dyment,  toasted  "The  Office  Boy."  The  concert  which  followed 
afforded  much  amusement,  members  of  the  staff  and  works  showing 
their  talent  in  various  directions  ;  the  entertainment  finished  with  a 
quintette  rendered  by  "  Sum  Sparkes."  A  few  words  from  Mr. 
T.  J.  Boome,  the  commercial  manager  and  director,  brought  the 
proceedings  to  a  close. 

Leicestee. — The  works  and  oflSce  staff  of  Messrs.  Gent  &  Co., 
Ltd.,  Faraday  Works,  Leicester,  held  their  third  annual  social  and 
dance  on  Tuesday  last  week  at  the  Queen's  Hall.  An  excellent 
concert  programme,  provided  by  the  works  "  artistes,"  was  followed 
by  dancing,  and  over  200  of  the  employes  and  their  friends  spent  a 
most  enjoyable  evening.  The  "  Shop  Social,"  originally  held  to 
celebrate  the  firm's  commencement  upon  the  construction  of  the 
largest  electric  clock  in  the  world,  now  shares  with  the  "Shop 
Holiday ''  the  distinction  of  being  an  annual  fixtnre. 

Foreign    Trade    in    January.— Compared  with   the 

figures  for  January,  1912,  the  trade  returns  for  last  month  show  a 
continued  advance,  both  in  imports  and  exports.  The  former 
increased  in  value  by  4i  millions  sterling,  or  t)"3  per  cent., 
the  exports  by  over  .5  millions  sterling,  or  124  per  cent.,  and  the 
re-exports  by  about  U  millions  sterling,  or  11 '.I  percent.  Thefigurfg 
relating  to  electrical  trade  in  comparison  with  those  for  the 
corresponding  month  of  1911,  are  as  under  : — 

Imports. 

Electrical  goods  and  apparatus 

(other  than  machinery  and 

uninsulated  wire) £13i;.192,  a  decrease  of  *S,804 

Machinery         £r>73,727,  an  increase  of  £158,780 


Exports. 


£368,018,  an  increase  of  £93.627 
£3,112,474,  an  increase  of  /£415,832 


Electrical  goods  and  apparatua 

(as  above)    ...         

Machinery         

Fatalities. — St.  .Tust. — An  inquest  wa3  held  on  6th 
inst.  into  the  death  of  a  boy  named  Wallis,  aged  15,  of  Botallack. 
who  was  killed  on  the  previous  evening  by  catching  hold  of  a  live 
wire  on  the  Botallack  mine  property.  He  was  employed  in  the 
carpenter's  shop  at  Levant  mine.  From  the  evidence  given  it 
appeared  that  near  the  Nineveh  section  of  Botallack,  the  over- 
head wires  crossed  the  road  near  a  stile,  and  one  of  the  wires  had 
sagged  to  within  2  ft.  of  the  ground.  Wsllis  was  seen  to  catch 
hold  of  it  and  move  it  out  of  his  way,  and  he  dropped  to  the  ground 
immediately.  Another  boy  (Maddern)  went  to  his  assistance,  and 
he  likewise  fell.  The  path  was  a  public  one,  and  there  was  no 
fence  under  the  wires  to  prevent  their  falling  to  the  ground.  The 
supply  was  at  440  volt*,   received   from  the  Hayle  power  eUtion 


266 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.  [Voi.72.  No.  i,838,  febhdabt  h,  i9i». 


Mr,  A.  Climas  »aid  that  when  he  arrived  on  the  scene  the  boys  were 
unconscion?.  and  artificial  respiration  was  applied,  with  buccbbb  in 
the  case  of  Maddem.  but  it  was  applied  for  an  hour  in  the  case  of 
Wallis  without  effect.  The  coroner  said  that  he  could  not  under- 
stand why  the  Trban  District  Council  did  not  have  the  public  path 
protected  from  the  wires,  and  Mr  Climas.  in  reply,  said  that  he 
understood  that  ."uch  a  protection  had  not  to  be  placed  over  an 
ordinary  path.  The  mine  wire  was  down,  because  some  telephone 
wires  pacsiner  beneath  it  had  became  entang-led  with  it  for  some 
unaccountable  reason.  That  caused  a  short,  and  burnt  the  wire 
throiig-h.     A  verdict  of  "  Accidental  Death  "  wbr  returned. 

DiBi  IN.— On  the  ilth  inst.  an  inquest  was  held  in  Dublin  on  the 
remains  of  lOdward  Blance,  4:i.  who  was  killed  by  contact  with  an 
electric  wire  iu  the  works  of  Messrs.  Dennehy,  motor  enfrineers. 
It  appeared  that  Blance  was  assistine  in  pnttinff  a  mf^tor  into  the 
(taraere  when  it  came  into  contact  with  an  electric  wire  which  was 
hangine'  down  from  the  supply  leads  to  a  lamp.  The  wire,  which 
wa.«  insulated  to  within  i  in.  of  the  end,  touched  the  brass  of  the 
wind  screen.  Blance  fell  down  unconscious.  It  seemed  that  on  other 
occasions  the  end  of  the  wire  had  been  lapped  up  and  insulated.  * 
The  jury  found  that  Blance  died  from  shock  caused  by  the  wire, 
and  added  that  the  wire  was  not  properly  protected. 

Electricity    on   the  Rand.  —  Mr.  J.  W.   Kirkland, 

President-Elect  of  the  South  African  Institute  of  Electrical 
Eofrineers,  in  pi:oposingr  a  toast  at  the  annual  dinner  of  the  Insti- 
tute last  month,  said  :  It  must  be  admitted  to  be  a  fact  that  elec- 
tricity has  at  last  come  into  its  own  on  these  grold  fields.  As 
evidence  of  this,  we  have  at  present  servinpr  the  greatest  cold  mines 
in  the  world  with  electric  power  what  is  destined  to  be,  in  the 
near  future,  the  laTirest  electric  power  supply  company  in  the  world. 
Within  a  very  short  time  the  output  of  the  Victoria  Foils  and 
Transvaal  Power  Co.  will  be  greater  than  that  of  any  other  single 
power  company,  the  second  beinpr  the  Commonwealth  Edison  Co., 
which,  in  Chicago,  serves  a  population  of  almost  .9  million  people. 
The  men  connected  with  the  Victoria  Falls  and  Transvaal  Power 
Co.  have  been,  and  are  now,  the  backbone  of  our  local  Institute. 
Later,  accordinpr  to  a  report  in  the  Stwtli  Afncun  Minini/  ./mirnal, 
Mr.  Kirkland  said  :  "Electricity  is  being  called  upon  here  to  work 
largrer  hoists  and  larger  air  compressors,  and  to  be  led  more  extensively 
underground  than  anywhere  else,  and  the  difficulties  attendant 
upon  these  new  problems  will  be  met  here  locally,  and,  to  a  very 
considerable  extent,  by  the  men  who  are.  or  at  least  who  ought  to 
be,  members  of  our  Institute." 

A  larffe  Electronia^cnet. — It  is  proposed  to  pro\  ide  the 

Sorbonne  with  the  largest  electromagnet  in  the  world.  It  is 
claimed  that  an  electromagnet  of  the  kind  dcFcribed  will  permit  of 
discoveries  of  the  highest  importance  for  the  future  of  humanity. 

Electrical    Trades    Union. — On   Tuesday,    February 

18th,  at  9  p.m.,  a  lecture  will  be  delivered  by  Mr.  John  Potter 
(London  District  Secretary  of  the  ET.!!.).  at  the  Princeps  of 
Wales,  corner  of  Relsi'ze  Road  and  Abbey  Road,  N.VV..  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Xorth-Western  Branch  of  the  Electrical  Trades 
Cnion.  Sobjfct,  "  Foreign  Policy  from  a  Worker's  Point  of  View." 
',iuestions  and  discussion  will  follow.  All  electrical  workers  are 
invited. 

Electrolytic  Copper  in  Ithodesia. — According  to  the 

•<(>iit/i  At'riinii  Miiiiiiij  Jovriitil,  a  copper  smelting  plant  on  the 
Siemens  A:  Halske  electrolytic  process  is  to  be  installed  in  Northern 
Ithodesia,  which  will  ultimately  be  capable  of  dealing  with  200  tons 
'if  ore  per  day.  Enormous  quantities  of  high-grade  ore  have  been 
located  in  the  mines  concerned,  and  the  process  has  been  experi- 
mentally proved  suitable  for  dealing  with  it. 

.4   Louehboroucrii    Celebration,  —  A    LouKhborough 

'  orrespondent  informs  us  that  a  number  of  the  office  staff  of  the 
Brush  Co.,  who  have  recently  been  suddenly  dismissed,  held 
a  dinner  and  smoking  concert  on  (>th  inst.,  to  celebrate  the 
event,  at  the  Central  Hotel.  We  have  received  a  copy  of  the  unique 
mcLu  card  prtjiared  for  the  occasion. 

Football. — The  undefeated  football  team  of  the  Wittoii 
Works  of  the  General  Electric  Co  ,  Ltd  .  successfully  upheld  its 
reputation  against  the  G.E.C.  London  Head  Office  team,  in  a 
match  played  Isst  Saturday,  February  xth,  at  Nestanglo  Sports 
Club  Grounds,  Elmer's  End.  The  weather  conditions  left  nothing 
to  be  desired,  and  the  large  number  of  enthusiaf'tic  supporters  of 
both  teams  who  turned  out  were  treated  to  a  quick,  snappy  game, 
which  called  forth  cheers  and  applause  for  many  of  the  players. 
The  resulting  soore  was : — Witton,  5  goals  ;  G.E  C.  Head  Office. 
3  goals.  In  the  evening,  an  enjoyable  dinner  and  entertainment 
were  provided,  at  which  the  '"boys  from  Witton  '  were  guests. 
The  festivities  took  place  at  "The  Mitre'  Hestaurant,  in  Chancery 
Lane,  under  the  chairmanship  of  Mr.  Balchin.  About  70  gentle- 
men were  present.  Members  of  both  t«ams,  as  well  as  other 
m«mber8  of  the  G  E.G.  staff,  furnished  the  vocal  and  instrumental 
music  ;  amongst  these  were  Messrs.  Jones,  Hall.  Balchin,  Knight, 
Plnmley,  Hautrhton,  Mace,  Copley,  Bryam,  Hudson,  Orton  and 
others.  Mr.  Muir,  the  honorary  secretary  of  the  G.E.C.  Football 
Club,  lalx)ured  diligently  to  make  the  occasion  a  snocefs. 

.lanclicster  Engineers'  Club. — A  general  meeting  of 

the  members  of  the  ilanch<tter  Engireers'  Club  was  held  on 
Wednesday,  the  Oth  inst.  The  thai) man  (Mr.  Daniel  Adamcon) 
pienided,  and  there  were  nbout  100  ntmbers  prerent. 

The  Committee  presented  a  report  compriring  b  t<ta((mont  of  the 
bntineM  done,  with  propoMli  for  the  future.     The  cbainnui  itkted 


that  at  the  present  time  570  members  had  been  enrolled,  and  that 
applications  had  been  received  from  about  another  100  persons. 
The  funds  in  the  bank  standing  to  the  credit  of  the  club  were 
£2,t!00.  The  number  of  members  who  had  guaranteed  payment  of 
their  subscriptions  for  a  further  term  of  four  years  ensured  an 
income  sufficient  to  pay  the  rent  of  the  club  premises  for  the 
same  period.  The  response  from  life  members  had  been  very 
encouraging. 

To  get  over  any  difficulty  in  connection  with  the  licensing  laws, 
it  waa  resolved  that  a  limited  company  be  formed  with  a  capital  of 
£3,000  in  £1  shares,  which  should  have  power  to  borrow  money 
upon  debentures.  The  company  will  sub-let  the  furnished  premises 
to  the  club  through  trustees  for  the  club  appointed  by  the  Com- 
mittee, the  rent  charged  by  the  company  to  be  sufficient  to  pay 
the  rent  as  stated  in  the  lease,  interest  on  debentures  and  on  share 
capital,  and  the  small  expenses  of  the  company.  In  order  to  utilise 
the  available  funds  of  the  club,  it  is  proposed  that  the  club  shall, 
through  their  trustees,  take  up  shares  or  debentures  in  the  company 
to  the  extent  of  about  £1,500.  This  will  leave  about  £1,500  to  be 
provided  by  means  of  subscriptions  for  shares  and  debentures,  and 
members  will  have  an  opportunity  of  subscribing  for  these. 

The  premises  which  the  Committee  has  agreed  to  take  are 
situated  in  Bridnewater  Buildings,  in  All)ert  Square.  The  premises 
have  been  used  in  the  past  as  a  club,  but  they  are  to  be  entirely 
refurnished  and  suitably  decorated. 

It  was  resolved,  on  th§  recommendation  of  the  Committee,  "  that 
the  time  limit  for  admission  of  original  members  without  entrance 
fees  be  extended  at  the  discretion  of  the  Committee,  so  long  as  not 
more  than  600  members  (txclusive  of  losfes  by  resignation  or 
otherwise)  are  so  admitted,  nor  the  time  for  such  admission  made 
later  than  the  formal  opening  of  the  club  premises."  It  was 
intimated  that  if  the  share  capital  of  the  proposed  new  company 
was  forthcoming  at  an  early  date,  the  club  would  be  opened  in  May 
next. 

In(|Uiries.— A  correspondent  asks  for  the  names  of  makers 
of  the  Hailwood  No.  1  miner's  electric  lamp,  and  the  Oldham  emer- 
gency electric  lamp.  Makers  of  the  "Sterling'  organ-blowing 
fan  and  of  the  "  Century  "  A,c.  motor  are  asked  for. 

Institution    and    Lecture    Xotes. — Associatio.x    di 

Electrical  Station  Engineees. — The  second  general  meeting 
was  held  at  69,  Fleet  Street,  London,  B.C.,  on  Thursday, 
February  6th,  and  the  attendance  exceeded  50.  The  secretary 
reported  that  excellent  progress  had  been  made  since  the  previou.s 
meeting,  and  that  arrangements,  were  being  made  for  similar 
meetings  in  other  important  centres  in  the  United  Kingdom  (which 
would  be  duly  advertised).  .Application  forms  had  been  circulated 
to  all  inquirers,  and  were  being  steadily  returned,  filled  iu  and 
with  application  fee.  The  latter,  the  secretary  stated,  was  of  great 
importance,  as  the  "  Association''  was  very  short  of  funds,  and  the 
quick  return  of  all  application  forms  with  fee  would  be  much 
appreciated.  The  interest  aroused  by  the  forming  of  the  A.E  S,E., 
he  said,  was  now  world-wide,  and  inquiries  from  British  electrical 
engineers  abroad  wishing  to  become  members  were  being  received, 
even  from  as  far  off  as  Brazil.  After  receiving  the  report  of  the 
secretary,  the  meeting  proceeded  to  appoint  a  committee  of  20,  and 
it  was  agreed  that  it  should  be  only  provisional,  and  should  meet  as 
soon  as  possible  to  examine  application  forms  and  to  institute  pro- 
paganda work.  It  was  agreed  that  the  annual  subscription 
should  be  lOs.  6d.,  payable  half-yearly,  with  an  entrance  fee  of  2s.  fid. 
The  question  of  qualification  of  members  led  to  a  very  long  dis- 
cussion, and  as  it  was  found  difficult  to  define  exactly  what  consti- 
tuted the  training  and  experience  of  a  qualified  man  for  the 
various  positions  covered  by  the  A.E  .'^.E.,  it  was  decided  to  let  the 
Committee  judge  each  application  on  its  merits.  With  regard  to 
provincial  branches,  the  secretary  stated  that  already  a  few  gentle- 
men had  undertaken  the  duties  of  district  secretaries  (;;/•«.  Irm.)  in 
some  important  centres.  It  was  as;reed  that  funds  should  be 
supplied  to  branches  for  propaganda  purposes,  &c.  The  Committee 
is  to  make  arrangements  at  once  with  a  chartered  accountant  with  ■ 
regard  to  the  finances  of +he  A.E.S.E.  A  meeting  of  the  Committee 
was  to  take  place  on  Tuesday,  February  Uth. 

A  meeting  was  held  on  Friday,  February  7th,  at  the  Grosvenor 
Hotel,  Dublin  (at  which  20  gentlemen  were  present)  to  consider 
the  advisability  of  forming  a  branch  of  the  above  "Association  "  in 
Dublin.  A  number  of  suggestions  were  made,  and  were  forwarded 
to  the  central  organisation  in  London,  and  a  meeting  is  to  be  held 
to-day,  February  14th,  to  consider  the  replies  from  London  ;  subject 
to' these  being  satisfactory,  it  was  decided  to  form  a  branch  at  once. 

Sooth  Atiucan  Institute  ok  Electhical  Engineers.— Last 
month  Mr,  J.  W.  Kirkland  was  appointed  president  of  this  Insti- 
tute.    Mr,  J.  n.  Rider,  in  his  valedictory  address  (as  reported  in  the 
Smtli  African  3/inirir/  ./mirnal)  urged  members  to  come  forward  and, 
read  papers  and  take  part  in  discussions.    Unless  they  were  prepared| 
to    do    so,    the  value  of  such   institutions  was  greatly   reduced.^ 
Every  engineer  should  disseminate  his  knowledge  and  experienc 
and  he  (Mr.  Rider)  was  convinced  that  an  engineer  gained   mufl 
more  than  he  apparently  lost  by  a  free  exchange  of  ideas  with  hull 
fellows.    Further,  experience  had  taught  him  that  he  who  kept 
ideas  strictly  to  himself  seldom  rose  in  his  profession.  Ifall  member 
of  Bcientific  societies  freely  exchanged  experiences,  and  were  neither 
afraid   nor   ashamed  to  get  up  in  a   discussion  and  speak  of   their 
difficulties  and  troubles,  the  result  would  be  that  each  individual 
member   would    only    "give   away"    his  own    little  bit,  and   he 
would    receive    in    exchange    the    ''  little  bits "   of  all  the  other 
members,   and   surely   the  whole    was  greater  than  its  part.     In 
conclusion,    Mr.    Rider    gave    the    following    advice  to  electrical 
engfineers  : — "Take  every  opportunity  to  improve  your  knowledge 
uid    experience,    aooommodftte  yourstlf  to  th«  olrcnin(t»nc«s  in 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8;tH,  kkm.u-auvk,  KM.t.i  THE    ELECTRICAL    KKVIEW. 


267 


which  yuii  flncl  yourHelf  plauod,  and,  aliovo  all,  b«  abHolut<*ly  loyal 
to  your  omployerH  and  thoHO  who  may  bu  your  otlluial  BupPriorH. 
Do  not  try  to  net  on  too  ((uickly,  and,  whon  tho opportunity  ooraen, 
do  not  bn  hIow  to  Hoi/.o  it.  Don't  blacken  olf  your  cucrtiien  bocuuHO 
your  reward  scfins  to  he  a  lonjf  liuio  coniini;,  nnd,  if  it  nhould  never 
como  in  tho  manner  in  which  you  deniro,  you  will  hnvo  tho  bCHt  of 
all  rewards — the  BatiHtaction  of  havin^r  ilonc  your  du*y." 

TiiK  iN.sTrrirnoN  or  ]ON(iiNi:EUS  and  Siiii'iti'ii.DHHH  in  Hoot- 
land  and  the  iNSTiTiiTKiN  OK  Naval  Aucii itkcth  have  arrantred 
a  joint  Huuuuer  mentiu(r,  to  be  held  in  GlaHi^ow  on  June  21th,  2.'>th, 
2()tb  and  L'7th.  Tho  details  of  tho  pro({ramuic  have  not  yet  been 
arrantrod,  but  the  majority  of  the"  uieetiti({H  will  be  held  in  the 
roomu  of  th«  Scottish  luHtitution. 

Institution  oi-  Ki.kctuicai,  IOncinkkk.s  (.Mancfiestkii 
Section). — A  moetinK  of  the  Section  wan  held  on  TueHday  eveuini; 
last,  when  a  paper  wok  read  by  Mr.  II  Clifford  I'almer  on  "  Adver- 
tising Electricity.''  A  diHouB«ion  followed,  to  which  Mr.  Palmer 
replied. 

On  Wednesday,  at  Leedi",  a  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  T.  Ilardini? 
Churton  on  "  Some  American  Electric  Plants."  A  discuBBion 
followed. 

At  the  Institution  dinner,  on  February  (ith.  M.  (iroaselin,  Presi- 
dent of  tho  Souiotc''  Internationale  dcs  Electricicns,  conveyed  to  the 
members  an  invitation  from  his  Society  to  visit  Paris  next  May. 
The  invitation  has  been  accepted  by  the  Council  of  the  Institution, 
and,  as  poon  as  suflicient  details  are  available,  a  circular  on  the 
subject  will  be  sent  to  the  members.  At  present  it  is  proposed  that 
the  visit  should  take  place  during  the  last  week  in  May,  and  that 
it  should  last  three  days,  the  time  being  given  partly  to  the 
reading  and  discussion  of  papers  and  partly  to  visits  to  works  and 
places  of  interest,  and  a  banquet. 

iNSTiTi'ir,  or  Mi:TALs.~The  annual  general  meeting  will  be 
held  at  the  In.stitution  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  Storey's  Gate, 
S.W.,  on  Tuesday  and  Wednesday,  March  1  Ith  and  12th.  Among 
the  papers  to  be  read  on  the  latter  date  are  the  following  :  — 
Dr.  G.  n.  Bailey  on  "Corrosion  of  Aluminium";  Mr.  Alexander 
Siemens  on  "  Metal  Filament  Lamps." 

In  the  course  of  a  paper  on  "  Electricity  in  Relation  to  the 
Architect's  Practice,"  read  by  Mr.  R.  \.  Tweedy  before  the 
Akchitectiual  Association  ov  Ireland  last  week,  Mr.  Tweedy 
said  that  in  tho  Dublin  shops  the  lighting  arrangement  was  so 
atrocious  that  they  only  saw  the  light  and  not  the  object. 

Protection  from  \-Rays. — lb  has  long  been  known 
that  silk  can  be  loaded  with  various  metallic  salts,  and  advantage 
is  t-aken  of  the  fact  in  commerce  to  sell  silk  which  is  sometimes 
weighted  with  a.s  much  as  \')0  per  cent,  of  tin  salt.  A  more 
legitimate  use  of  this  absorptive  power  of  silk  is  described  by  Mr.  C. 
Ainsworth  Mitchell,  in  Kiwwlrdgp  for  February,  who  says  that 
M.  L.  Droit  has  found  that  by  using  certain  lead  salts  for  the 
weighting,  a  silk  fabric  may  be  rendered  opa(iue  to  the  passage  of 
X-rays.  For  example,  a  material  thus  prepared  by  treatment  of 
the  silk  with  lead  phosphotannate  and  other  salts  contained  68  per 
cent,  of  mineral  matter,  including  34  per  cent,  of  lead  oxide,  24  per 
cent,  of  tin  oxide,  8  per  cent,  of  phosphoric  anhydride,  and 
2  per  cent,  of  lime  and  alkalis.  Slight  dischaigf  s  of  X-rays  were 
practically  arrested  by  two  layers  of  this  fabric,  while  six  layers 
were  found  a  suflScient  protection  to  the  skin  against  the  action  of 
nn  ordinary  discharge  of  medium  strength.  This  fabric  had  t'ne 
>anie  protective  effect  as  a  sheet  of  copper  0  01 1  mm.  in  thickness, 
and  had  the  great  advantage  of  flexibility,  even  when  used  in  a 
thickness  of  several  layers. 

An  Oil  Turbine. — A  description  was  recently  published 
in  The  Syren  of  a  turbine  invented  by  Messrs.  Gavan  and  Leon  Inrig, 
which  is  of  the  internal- combustion  type,  and  is  fed  with  oil.  The 
turbine  is  of  the  double- tiow  pattern,  with  an  admission  port  at 
the  centre,  the  drums  and  casing  taking  the  form  of  two  truncated 
cones  united  at  their  narrow  ends  by  a  short  cylindrical  portion. 
Compressed  air  at  high  temperature  and  !)G0  lb.  per  sq.  in.  is  forced 
in  through  the  port,  followed  by  a  charge  of  oil,  which  ignites  as 
in  the  Diesel  engine  ;  water  is  then  sprayed  into  the  combustion- 
chamber,  and  is  immediately  vaporised,  the  hot  gases  and  steam 
expanding  through  the  blading.  It  is  stated  that  owing  to  the  use 
of  steam  the  blading  is  not  exposed  to  an  excessively  high  tempera- 
ture ;  in  fact,  the  casing  is  lagged  to  retain  the  heat.  A  turbine  of 
(')5  H.r.  is  under  construction. 

Educational  Notes.— Gifts  amounting  to  £150,000  have 
been  presented  to  the  Bristol  University  for  extensions  by  Messre. 
G.  A.  and  H.  H.  Wills  and  £20,000  by  Mr.  W.  M.  Wills.  Their 
father,  Mr.  H.O.  Wills,  gave  £100,000  to  the  University  in  1908. 

Itusiness  Annonnceuents. — .Messrs.  Rerry,  Skinner 
and  Co.,  of  Oozells  Street,  Birmingham,  will  represent  Messrs. 
Xalder  Bros.  \-  Thompson,  Ltd.,  in  the  Midland  district  in  future, 
and.  for  the  convenience  of  local  customers,  they  will  shortly  hold 
a  stock  of  instruments  in  current  demand. 

Transmutation  of  Matter. — Recent  researches  con- 
ducted by  Sir  W.  Ramsay,  and  by  Prof.  X.  J.  Collie  and  Mr.  IT. 
Patterson,  indicate  that,  under  certain  conditions,  helium  and  neon 
ace  produced  by  the  electric  discharge  in  an  X-ray  bulb  containing 
liydrogen  at  low  pressure.  The  experiments  have  been  carried  out 
independently  with  extreme  care,  and  the  investigators  express 
C-,  nfidence  in  the  results.  On  the  other  hand.  Prof.  Sir  J.  J. 
Thomson,  who  has  been  engaged  in  similar  work,  considers  that  the 
neoa  and  helium  are  derived  from  the  glass  or  the  eleottode« 
employed,  as  the  production  ceases  after  a  few  days,  but  recom- 
mtnoci  if  the  eleotrodM  are  changed. 


ipiiolntiiientN  Vacant. — .Junior  assiHUnt  eiiKiii6<;rH,  for 

the  .N<'W(aMtli-  upon. Tyiio   Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  MO/i  j.     Ko«  our 
advertiKcint'iit  pugcn  in  thiM  iiwmv 

Remote  Control  of  Street  Lamp)'.  — In  u  'orii(iiiuii(ui- 

tion  to  thi'   Institution   of   EInctrical    Engin««r»,  by  Mr.  W.  Duddell 
and  McHsrH.  Handoock  ic   DykoH,  »  new    pyHt<:m    for    thp  (vtntrol  of 
public  and  private  lauipn,  moters,  transformfri  in  en'. 
by  tiicariH  of   tuned   Hclectivo  relays  actuat<.-<l  by  n--  i> 

"  ripplo  "  of  alternating  current  injected  into  the  (il»tr  ic, 

is  dcMoribod.     To-doy  the  Hybl<'m  is  to  be  dfiuoniitratid  in  operation 
on  the  inttins  of  the  Kghaiii  and  Staines  Electricity  (.'o. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

Tha  Kditurx  invitu  electrical  engineer*,  whether  coiDwcled  viih  thi 
technical  or  the  commercial  mde  of  the  //rofexnion  and  indu*try, 
also  electric  tramway  and  railway  ofticialu,  to  keep  reader*  of  the 
ElectbiCAL  Review  nogted  an  to  t/wir  moremenlx. 


Central  Station  Officials.— On  the  recommendation  of 

the  Wolverhampton  Corporation  E.L.  Committee,  the  following 
advances  in  salaries  are  being  made  to  members  of  the  technical 
staff:  Mr.  Stubbs,  technical  and  general  assistant,  from  £lt;o  to 
£200  per  annum;  Mii.  Dddi.ey,  maintenance  engineer,  £1.')6  to 
£1G0  ;  Mh.  Bellhoose,  boiler  house  superintendent,  £125  to  £150  : 
Mb.  FoKDEU,  engine  room  superintendent.  £120  to  £150  ;  and  Mu. 
Platt,  junior  assistant,  £8.5  to  £101.  such  increases  to  be  retro- 
spective, as  from  October  1st  last. 

West  Hartlepool  Council  has  appointed  Messrs.  Rexdle  and 
LiNDSEV,  at  present  acting  as  shift  engineers,  as  joint  station 
engineers. 

Gillingham  (Kent)  T.C.  has  appointed  Mr.  1'.  'I'itt,  of  Graveeend, 
and  Mr.  F.  Knell,  of  Sheerness,  as  shift  engineers  at  the  electric 
lighting  works. 

Tramway  Officials.— The  Tramways  Committee  of  the 
Sheffield  T.C,  has  recommended  that  the  salary  of  Mr.  A.  R. 
Feabnley.  general  manager,  be  increased  from  £800  a  year  to 
£900  forthwith,  with  four  subsequent  annual  increments  of  £25  to 
a  maximum  of  £1,000. 

The  recommendation  of  the  Oldham  Tramways  Committee  that 
the  salary  of  Mr.  Ddudale,  the  general  manager,  t)e  increased 
from  £350  to  £400  per  annum,  was  adopted  by  the  T.C.  on  Feb- 
ruary 5th  by  20  votes  to  1 3. 

General. — Mu.  H.  F.  Paksuali,  stated  at  the  half-jearly 
meeting  of  the  Central  London  Railway  last  week  that  he  was 
retiring  from  the  board  to  accept  the  position  of  consulting 
engineer  to  the  whole  of  the  Underground  interests.  During  the 
period  in  which  he  has  occupied  the  chair  of  the  Central  London 
Railway,  he  has  acted  not  only  in  the  capacity  of  chairman  to  the 
railway,  but  also  as  managing  director  and  consulting  engineer, 
having,  in  fact,  absolute  control  of  the  railway  from  every  point 
of  view.  The  operating  expenses  have  been  largely  reduced,  and 
the  efficiency  of  the  railway  greatly  increased.  Mr.  Parshall,  in 
resigning  his  position  as  chairman  and  accepting  the  position  of 
consulting  engineer  to  the  Underground  interests  as  part  of  his 
general  practice,  is  now  enabled  to  give,  as  formerly,  his  whole  time 
to  his  private  consulting  practice,  and  to  give  his  undivided 
attention  to  the  numerous  railway  and  power  projects  with  which 
he  is  associated. 

Mr.  .J.  W.  BCCK,  late  of  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd., 
Upper  Thames  Street,  E.C.,  has  been  appointed  sales  manager  to  the 
Baldur  Engineering  and  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Westminster. 

Councillor  Ja.mes  Lindsay  has  intimated  his  resignation  from 
the  convenorship  of  the  Leith  Corporation  E.L.  Committee.  Mr. 
Lindsay,  it  is  stated,  disapproved  of  the  Committee's  action  in 
forming  a  management  sub-committee. 

Mr.  Bernard  L.  Myer  has  resigned  the  position  of  chief 
electrical  assistant  with  Messrs,  Sloan  A;  Lloyd-Barnes,  consulticg 
electrical  engineers,  of  Liverpool,  which  he  has  held  for  the  past 
nine  years,  and  has  taken  over  the  management  of  the  electrical 
and  engineering  department  of  Messrs.  Fred.  Wilkins  &  Brother, 
Ltd.,  27-35,  Duke  Street,  Liverpool,  who  specialise  in  the  electrical, 
mechanieal  and  fire  equipment  of  theatres  and  picturedromes,  and 
also  carry  on  a  largo  general  electrical  engineering  business.  Mr. 
Myer  invites  firms  to  send  him  new  catalogues  and  price  lists  for 
wiring  accessories,  motors,  cables,  conduits,  *:c. 

We  learn  that  the  Shanghai  municipal  electrical  engineer  will  bt- 
in  this  country  in  .Tune  next  in  connection  with  orders  for  two 
additional  5,000- kw.  turbo  sets. 

At  the  Tramways  and  Light  Railways  Association's  convention  at 
Swansea  last  year.  Mr.  de  Tukckheim,  the  secretary  of  the 
Association,  was  presented  with  a  clock.  We  are  informed  that  a 
plate  has  now  been  fixed  to  this  clock,  bearing  the  following 
legend  ; — 

Presented  Co  A,  de  XvacKBEiSit,  by  tba  member*  oi  tb«  Tramwayi  uid  LUsbt 
Railway!  AtBOcistioOi  (S  a  tok«n  o<  MUvm  and  an  tppreeiatloa  o(  bis  otganUIng 
gaiilui, 
Swans«»,  Juae,'I913. 


268 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.    [Vol.  72.    No.  1, 838,  February  H,  1913. 


On  Monday  eveninjr  a  pold  hunter  watch  was  presented  by  the 
staff  of  Messrs.  Crompton  i  Co.,  and  one  or  two  old  Cromptonians,  to 
Mr.  Alan  Williams,  npon  the  occasion  of  his  leaving  the 
company's  service  and  startinpr  business  for  himself.  The  presen- 
tation, which  tiok  place  at  Salisbury  House.  E.C.,  in  the  presence  of 
the  staff,  was  made  by  Mr.  E.  Reeves,  the  joint  manager  of  this 
company,  who  wished  Mr.  Williams  all  success  in  his  future  career. 
Mr.  Williams  stated  that  the  handsome  present  would  always 
remind  him  of  the  happy  relationship  which  hud  existed  between 
himself  and  thp  other  members  of  the  staff  for  so  many  years. 

Mb.  .T.\mes  Mkikle,  electrical  engineer,  recently  of  the  Glasgow 
Corporation  Electricity  Department,  has  now  become  associated,  as 
a  partner,  with  the  firm  of  Robert  Semple  &  Co.,  mechanical  and 
electrical  consulting  engineers,  :fO.  Buchanan  Street.  Glasgow,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  receive  particulars,  catalogues,  kc,  from  elec- 
trical manufacturers. 

Mb.  H.  S.  Kennedy  has  been  appointed  to  the  position  of 
manager  of  the  marine  department  of  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros. 
Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  and  will  now  be  stationed  in  Glasgow.  He 
has  been  with  the  firm  for  a  number  of  years. 

Obi f nary.— :^rR.    Georhk    F.    IIardkn.— AVe     deeply 

regret  to  learn  of  the  death  of  Mr.  George  F.  Harden,  which 
occurred  on  Thursday,  the  Gth  inst.,  at  the  very  early  age  of  .'?4. 
After  serving  his  apprenticeship  with  Messrs.  Scott  i;  Mountain, 
Mr.  Harden  joined  Messrs.  Crompton  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  in  1901,  and  was 
later  on  sent  to  Glasgow  in  charge  of  the  firm's  branch  office  there. 
Subsequently  he  was  moved  to  a  position  in  the  sales  department 
at  the  head  office  at  Salisbury  House,  E.C.,  and  finally  took  over 
the  sales  department  for  the  London  district.  In  the  lieginning  of 
1912  he  was  attacked  by  tuberculosis,  and  after  undergoing  open- 
air  treatment,  he  eventually  placed  himself  in  the  hands  of  a 
specialist  in  Scotland,  under  whose  care  he  made  a  wonderful 
recovery.  Unfortunately,  shortly  after  Christmas  he  took  cold, 
which  went  to  his  lungs,  and  owing  to  his  power  of  resistance 
having  been  so  very  much  weakened  after  a  year's  illness,  he  was 
unable  to  fight  the  inflammation  which  was  set  up  in  his  lungs, 
and  gradually  sank  and  died  after  three  weeks"  illness.  He  leaves  a 
widow  and  small  boy.  Both  at  Glasgow  and  in  London  Mr.  Harden 
made  a  very  large  circle  of  friends  owing  to  his  genial  and  breezy 
manner,  and  we  are  sure  that  this  intimation  of  his  death  will  be 
received  by  them  with  a  sincere  sense  of  loss. 

A  correspondent  writes  :— "By  the  death  of  Mr.  Oliver  Firth,  of 
Horsforth.  Yorks.,  a  gentleman  has  been  removed  who  was  once 
well  known  in  electrical  circles  by  reason  of  his  connection  with 
the  engineering  trade  and  in  the  manufacture  of  dynamos." 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Internal ional  Cold  and  Power  (Charles  Telller  Processes) 

Co.,  Ltd.  (126,966).— This  company  wae  registered  on  February  4th,  with  a 
capital  of  f  24,000  in  £1  shares  (12,000  preference),  to  carry  on  the  businefs  of 
mechanical  engineers  and  constructors,  electricians,  suppliers  of  electricity, 
liquid  air,  motor  or  motive  power,  and  artificial  cold,  ice  mcrcbants  and 
m«nufacturer9,  refrigerating  storekeepers,  4c.,  and  to  adept  an  agreement 
with  E.  Li.  Hlenlle.  The  subfctibers  (with  one  share  each)  are:— W.  P. 
Wethered,  41,  Russell  Road,  Kersington,  W.,  chairman:  E.  P.  Doutre,  66, 
Moorgate  Street,  E.C.,  manager  ;  E.  Learoyd,  Spencer  Bouse,  South  Place, 
E.C.,  secretary;  O.  A.  M.  Fvans,  Woodstock,  BroadKtairs,  retired  banker ; 
E.  8.  M.  Perowne,  5,  Goildhall  Chambers,  E.C.,  solicitor:  G.  F.  Heard, 
Holmwood,  Devonshire  Rond,  Merton,  managirg  clerk:  J.  Cooper,  Rush- 
acre.  Goodroayes  Vale,  Muswell  Hill,  N.,  clerk.  Minimum  cash  sub- 
scription, seven  shares.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  three 
or  more  than  12;  E.  L.  Bieulle  is  the  first  director;  qualification  (except  first 
directors),  jElOO;  remuneration,  15  per  cent,  of  the  surplus  profits  remaining 
after  payment  of  a  dividend  on  preference  shares,  divisible.  Registered  by 
E.  8,  M.  Perowne,  5,  Guildhall  Chambers,  E.C. 

City  of  Las  Palmas  Water  and  Power  Co,,  Ltd.  (I2f),9i(i)  — 

Regiftered  February  3id,  Ijy  Athurn,  Morris,  Crifj)  A  Co.,  17,  Tlirogmorton 
Avenue,  E.C.  Capital,  ilSS.OOO  in £1  shares.  Objects:  To  s-upply  theport  and 
town  of  Lns  Palmas  ard  neifilibourhood  with  water  and  electricity,  to  acquire 
the  concession  granted  to  Bernardo  de  la  Torre  by  the  Municipality  ol  Las 
Palmas,  Grand  Canary,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  the  Las  Palmas 
Syndicate,  Ltd.,  and  the  Bernardo  de  la  Torre.  The  signatories  (with  one 
share  each)  are  :— J.  Barnes,  7,  Walcot  Gardens,  Kennirgt on,  S,E,,  accountant ; 
W.  R.  Tompkins,  Morecrott  House,  IfO,  Brompton  Road,  8(.  Albans,  clerk  ; 
C.  Anning,  Ellerslie,  Sylvan  Road,  Bnaresbrook,  clerk;  W.  R.  Smith,  6, 
Lawln  Street,  Lower  Clapton,  N.E,,  clerk  ;  A.  G.  Mount,  88,  Nartord  Road, 
Clapton,  N.E,,  cicik:  E.  J.  Burrows,  44,  Herthum  Read,  South  Tottenham, 
clerk  ;  S.  A.  Sharpe,  206,  Friem  Road,  Dulwich,  S.E.,  cashier.  Minimum  caeh 
subscription,  two  shares.  The  first  directors  (to  be  not  less  than  three  or  more 
than  seven)  are  to  be  appointed  by  the  signatories  ;  qualification,  £250;  remu- 
neration, £200  each  per  annum  (chairman,  £360),  and  7*  per  cent,  of  the  surplus 
profits  available  for  distribution  after  6 per  cent,  dividend  le  paid. 

Havana  Derclopuient  Syndicate,  Ltd.  (127,068)— This  cm:- 

pany  was  registered  on  February  8ih,  with  a  capital  of  £21.000  in  20,000 
ordinary  shares  of  £1  each  and  20,000  deferred  shares  of  Is.  each,  to  promote 
any  company  f(ir  the  acquisition  of  all  or  any  of  the  properly,  rights  and 
liabilities  of  the  company,  to  construct,  equip,  maintain  and  work  steam 
electric,  or  motor  railways,  tramways,  omnibuses,  or  other  vehicles  for  the 
carriage  ol  pasBengers  and  goods,  4c.,  in  Cuba  or  elsewhere.  The  subscribers 
(with  one  share  each)  are  :-L.  A.  Bartlctt,  53,  Camilla  Road,  Bermcndsey, 
8.E..  secretary;  J.  A.  Mattana,  7,  Lordship  Park,  N.,  secretary.  Private 
company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than 
seven;  the  subscribers  are  to  appoint  the  first;  qualification,  60  shares: 
remuneration,  £.00  pir  annum.  Registered  office,  1,  London  Wall 
Building-i,  E.C. 

Bootic    Electrical    Co.,  Ltd.  (126,98,-,).- This  company  was 

registerrd  on  February  5ili,  with  a  capital  ol  £1,500  in  il  (hares,  to  take  over 
the  boslnes*  carried  on  by  T,  P.  Taylor,  at  28a,  Oriel  Road,  Bootle,  as  the 
"  Bootle  Electrical  Co."  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are:— T.  P. 
Taylor,  38a,  Oriel  Road.  Bootle,  electrical  engineer;  D.  Brown.  41,  Pembroke 
Road,  Bootle,  Ironfounder  and  engineer.  Private  company.  The  number  of 
dirnctors  is  not  to  he  less  than  three  or  mnre  than  five.  The  first  arc  T.  P. 
Taylor,  D,  Brown  and  R,  Tllliy;  qualification,  .''.0  shares.  Registered  ofBce, 
aSA,  Oriel  Road,  Bootle,  Solicitors,  Ashby  &  Clothier,  8,  C^ook  Street, 
Liverpool, 


Leeds  Private  Teleplione  (New  System)  Co.,  Ltd.  (126.997). 

—This  company  was  registered  on  February  6th,  with  a  capital  ol  £1,000  in 
£1  shares,  to  carry  on  the  business  indicated  by  the  title.  The  subecribera 
(with  one  share  each)  are  :— F.  T.  Jackson,  143-5,  Great  Portland  Street,  W., 
agant ;  T.  H.  Walker,  57.\,  Holborn  Viaduct,  E.C,  printer.  Private  company. 
The  first  directors  are  F.  T.  Jackson  (permanent  chairman  and  managing 
director)  and  T.  H.  Walker.    Registered  ofllce,  3,  Basinghall  Square.  Leeds. 

Retllnients,  Ltd.  (127,002) -This  company  was  registered  on 
February  5th,  with  a  capital  of  £8.000  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on  the  business  of 
manufacturers  and  producers  of  electric-filament  lamps.  <Sc.  The  subscribers 
(with  one  share  each)  are:— W.  Lee,  23,  Blenheim  Road,  Bedford  Park,  land 
agent ;  0.  B,  James,  Holme  House,  Norbury,  accountant.  Private  company. 
The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  eight ;  the 
first  are  not  named;  qualification,  £100;  remuneration  as  fixed  by  the  com- 
pany.   Registered  office,  RO,  Haynmrket,  8.W. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Mersey  Raihvay  Co. 

The  half-yearly  ordinary  general  meeting  was  held  on  Tuesday,  at 
the  offices.  Worcester  House,  Walbrook,  B.C.,  Mr.  J.  Falconer,  M.P., 
in  the  chair. 

The  CiiATKMAN,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Elec.  Rev.,  page  2;!1),  said  it  was  a  great  satisfaction  to  the  board 
to  be  able  at  the  end  of  the  half-year  to  again  record  that  sub- 
stantial progress  had  been  made  by  the  company  as  regarded  its 
volume  of  traffic,  its  receipts,  and  also  its  net  revenue.  That 
steady  increase  in  those  three  particulars  had  been  maintained  ever 
since  they  had  adopted  electrical  traction  for  the  line.  It  was 
now  practically  10  years  since  they  first  commenced 
electrical  working,  and  during  that  time  the  receipts 
had  increased  practically  to  the  extent  of  £60,000  per  annum. 
Their  receipts  during  this  last  year  were  practically  £60,000  more 
than  they  were  in  1902,  which  was  the  last  complete  year  of  steam 
working  Comparing  the  last  half-year  of  steam  working  with 
the  half-year  under  review,  it  would  be  found  that  the  number  of 
passengers  carried  had  increased  from  3,500,000  to  8,111,000,  an 
increase  of  4,750,000,  or  141  per  cent.  The  receipts  had  increased 
from  £29,470  to  £59,051,  an  increase  of  £30,000,  equal  to  102  per 
cent.  It  was  interesting  to  compare  the  figures  for  the  past  year 
with  the  corresponding  period  of  1911.  It  was  true  that  there 
was  a  strike  in  1911,  but  it  was  satisfactory  to  note  that  the 
passengers  carried,  apart  from  season  ticket-holders,  were 
12,715,000,  as  against  11,940,000,  which  was  an  increase 
of  about  672  per  cent.  The  receipts  had  increased 
from  £109,947  in  1911  to  £  1 15,926,  equal  to  about  5'44  per  cent. 
The  expen(3iture  had  only  increased  from  £.i9,4 1.5  to  £60.765,  an 
increase  of  £1,315,  which  was  almost  entirely  due  to  an  increase  in 
the  price  of  coal.  The  net  revenue  had  increased  from  £50,532  in 
1911  to  £55,158  in  1912,  an  increase  of  £  t,62i'.,  or  915  percent. 
The  important  question  for  the  debenture-holders  was  as  to  the 
amount  available  for  payment  of  interest  upon  the  debentures. 
After  providing  the  full  payment  of  the  interest  on  the  first 
debenture  stock  amounting  to  £26,774,  there  remained  £18,060. 
That  was  sufficient  to  pay  the  interest  on  the  1860  stock  in  full, 
and  also  on  the  1871  stock  and  to  pay  £2,179  percent,  upon  the 
1882-3-5  3  per  cent,  stock,  or  within  2/3  per  cent,  of  the  full 
amount  to  which  that  stock  was  entitled.  He  thought  the 
shareholders  and  debenture-holders  would  agree  that  it  was 
gratifying  that  they  should  have  been  able  to  pay  the  interest 
upon  those  debenture  stocks  in  the  way  they  had.  They  still 
had  the  ''  B  "  debenture  stock  to  face  bsfore  they  reached  payment 
upon  the  preference  shares.  The  amount  of  that  stock  was 
£282,354,  and  the  amount  required  to  meet  the  interest,  which  was 
3  per  cent.,  was  £8,470.  The  length  of  time  which  it  would  take 
before  they  were  in  a  position  to  pay  interest  upon  that  stock 
would,  of  course,  depend  upon  the  rate  of  progress  they  made  in  the 
future.  It  had  never  been  their  habit  to  attempt  to  prophesy — 
all  he  could  say  was  that  every  year  had  confirmed  the  board  in 
the  view  that  there  was  a  great  volume  of  traffic  to  be  served  by 
the  railway,  and  that  they  had  adopted  the  right  policy  in  giving 
what  they  thought  was  the  best  railway  service  in  the  United 
Kingdom. 

The  Hon.  R.  C.  Paksons,  M.A.,  seconded  the  motion. 

Replying  to  questions,  the  Chairman  said  thatduring  the  month 
that  had  elapsed  since  the  accounts  were  closed,  the  returns  showed 
further  reasonable  expansion.  They  had  no  reason  to  believe  that 
the  limit  of  expansion  bad  br en  reached,  and  the  shareholders  were 
in  quite  a«  good  a  position  as  the  board  to  form  a  judgment  on  that 
matter.  They  could  do  a  very  largely  increased  traffic  with  com- 
paratively very  little  additional  capital  expenditure.  The  generating 
plant  was  more  than  ample  for  any  expansion  of  traffic  which  was 
likely  to  come  for  a  considerable  time. 

The  report  was  adopted. 


W.  T.  Henlf j's  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  ltd.— Subject 

to  audit,  the  directors  have  decided  to  recommend  a  dividend  pay- 
able on  March  Ist  next,  on  the  ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  15 
per  cent .  free  of  income-tax,  including  the  interim  dividend  of  5  per 
cent,  paid  August  Hist  last. 

South  Metropolitan  Electric  Lifrht  and  Power  Co., 

Ltd.- -The  transfer  books  and  register  of  meml)erB  will  be  closed 
from  February  15th  to  28th,  for  the  preparation  of  warrants  for 
dividends  payable  on  28th  inst. 

Newcastle  and  District  Electric  Li{^litin|i:  Co.,  Ltd. 

— The  directors  recxjmmend  a  final  dividend  of  3  per  cent,  for  the 
last  half  of  1912,  making  3  per  cent,  for  the  year. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8!iH.i''K»uuAUYii.  i»n.l    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


209 


llndrricroiind  Elevtrir  KailwayN  Co,  of  London,  Ltd. 

TiiK  liiroolorH  report  that  for  th«  halfynir  undcd  IhHjembor,  11)12, 
the  net  rovoiiuu  from  invoHtniontN  unil  properticH  (includinif  general 
iiitorcHt),  nftor  doductint;-  jfenoral  oxpoiinoH  iiiid  inolndinif  balance 
brouifht  forward,  nniounteii  to  £li7H,007,  mid  the  intorent  char^eM 
on  £l,7:!0,000  1  j  per  cent,  bonds  of  19;i:t,  aliHorbtd  £II,:i:!ri,  Icavinjf 
a  HurpIuH  of  £2:0!, ()71.  Out  of  thin  will  be  paid  on  Murch  Int, 
iyi3,  intorcHt  at  the  riite  of  (!  per  cent,  per  annum  on  i!l,27H,O0O 
•1  per  cent.  lirHl  cumulative  incomes  debenture  Htock  for  six  monthH 
endinpr  December,  I'.Ml',  iJHM,l!)() ;  intereBt  at  the  rate  of  G  per  cent, 
per  annum,  plus  income-tax,  on  .i;t),i;{(>,Or)0  (i  per  edit,  incomi^  bondu 
of  1918  for  six  months  cndinif  Ueciinber,  I'.Ul},  £r.i.'),|H5,  carryin>f 
forward  jt2,il!K>.  The  incc  me  for  the  half-year  nhows  on  increase 
of  £l22,t>71  over  that  for  the  correcpondini?  half-year  of  lUll,but 
a  true  comparison  i»  not  potaible  on  account  of  the  substantial 
alteration  in  inveftments. 

The  Metropolitan  District  Railway  Co.  continues  to  show  a  steady 
expansion  in  receipts,  with  a  slipht  increoHC  in  working  ezpcnses, 
due  largely  to  the  increased  price  of  coal  and  to  increases  in  the 
woeres  of  the  staff. 

The  London  Ulectric  Railway  Co.  shows  an  increase  in  earninps 
and  also  in  workingr  oxpen.ses,  the  latter  due  to  higher  prices  of  coal 
and  increase  in  the  wayes  of  the  staff.  The  construction  of  the 
Charing:  Orofs  and  Paddington  extensicns  is  progressing  rapidly, 
and  it  is  expected  that  both  will  be  opened  for  traffic  in  the 
autumn.  Work  has  also  been  commenced  on  the  Queen's  Park 
extension,  and  on  the  installation  of  esta'ators  at  Oxford  Circus 
Station. 

The  London  General  Omnibus  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  substantially  increased 
its  fleet  of  motor-omnibusep,  and  shows  a  satisfactory  expansion  in 
earnings. 

The  Associated  Equipment  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  been  formed  for  the 
purpose  of  manufacturing  equipment  and  repair  parts  for  the 
various  undertakings  allied  with  the  company.  It  owns  a  large 
factory  at  Walthamstow,  to  which  extensive  additions  are  being 
made.  It  also  owns  all  the  debenture  stock  and  ordinary  shares  of 
the  Metropolitan  Steam  Omnibus  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  report  and  accounts  of  the  London  i United  Tram- 
ways, Ltd  ,  for  1912  are  not  yet  published,  but  it  is  not  expected 
that  the  results  of  the  year's  working  will  show  much,  if  any, 
improvement  over  the  previous  year. 

After  giving  particulars  of  Parliamentary  Bills,  the  report  goes 
on  to  refer  to  the  amalgamation  or  consolidation  schemes  entered 
into  with  tramway  and  omnibus  companies,  and  certain  under- 
ground electric  lines. 

In  the  balance-sheet  "  stocks,  shares,  and  other  property,"  stand 
in  the  books  at  £13,502,622,  and  consist  of  stocks  and  shares  in 
associated  companies,  as  well  as  lands  and  buildings. 

The  item  "  calls  unpaid,"  which  formerly  appeared  in  the 
balance-sheet,  has  been  eliminated,  as  all  of  the  capital  has  been 
paid  up.  Most  of  the  securities  and  shares  or  the  ccmpany  are  now 
held  by  British  investors.  In  view  of  this  fact,  the  American 
directors  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  management  of  the 
company  should  in  future  be  wholly  in  the  hands  of  the  board  of 
directors  residing  in  Great  Britain.  They  have  therefore  resigned 
their  seats,  and  Mr.  W.  M.  Acworth  and  the  Right  Hon.  C.  B. 
Stuart-Wortley,  K.C.,  M.P.,  have  been  elected  to  the  board.  In 
parting  from  their  American  colleagues,  the  directors  desire  to 
express  their  high  appreciation  of  the  valuable  services  rendered 
by  them  to  the  company  in  the  past. 
The  meeting  is  called  for  February  24th, 


Central  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. — In  their  annual 

report,  the  directors  state  that  an  agreement  for  the  supply  in  bulk 
under  the  London  Electric  Supply  Act,  1908,  has  been  entered  into 
with  the  Chelsea  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  Energy  has  been 
supplied  to  the  Westminster  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd.,  the 
St.  James's  and  Pall  Mall  Electric  Light  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  the  Chelsea 
Electricity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  to  an  amount  of  24,328,7.50  units.  After 
making  a  full  allowance  for  sinking  fund  and  depreciation,  the  net 
balance  for  1912  is  £4,999,  plus  £5  brought  forward,  leaving  to  be 
dealt  with  .£5,004.  A  dividend  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  on  the 
ordinary  shares  for  the  year  absorbs  £5,000,  leaving  £4  to  carry 
forward.  A  3,000- KW.  high-pressure  turbo-generator  has  been  added 
to  the  plant  during  the  year.  Mr.  Marlborough  R.  Pryor  has  been 
•  appointed  a  director  of  the  company. 

The  Promotion  and  Flotation  of  Limited  Com- 
panies.— According  to  a  lecture  delivered  on  the  11th  inst.  in  the 
City  by  Mr.  H.  W.  Jordan,  F.I  D.,  an  advance  print  of  which  was 
sent  to  us,  it  would  appear  that  out  of  138,000  companies  registered 
under  the  1802  Act,  seme  80,000  have  become  defunct,  leaving, 
approximately,  58,000  with  a  paid-up  capital  of  about  £2,450,000,000. 
In  1912,  7, GOO  companies  were  registered  representing  a  capital  of 
£173,819,037.  Commencing  with  a  brief  sketch  of  the  history  of 
companies,  the  lecturer  discourses  pleasantly  upon  various  matters 
under  such  titles,  inter  alia,  as  "purpose  of  formation,''  "freak 
companies,"  "  invalid  articles,"  "  formation''  (steps  to  betaken  on  the 
registration  of  a  company),  but  the  paper  is  obviously  not  intended 
for  the  professional  secretary,  whose  varying  and  onerous  duties  and 
responsibilities,  by  the  way,  are  ever  on  the  increase.  Though 
many  improvements  have  been  effected  in  the  Companies'  Acts, 
now  codified  under  the  name  of  "  The  Companies'  (Consolidation) 
Act,  1908,"  there  seems,  in  many  cases,  to  be  room  for  a  greater 
pressing  home  of  the  all-important  element  of  responsibility  in 
accepting  and  dealing  with  public  money. 


Electrical  and  InduHtrial  InvcHtment  Co.,  Ltd. 

TliK  report  of  thin  ccmpuny  for  thnccvcn  moiithn  from  June  Ut  to 
l>ec(inb()r  3lHt,  1912.  uh  publinhcd  in  the  flnunctal  I'rtHH,  xtattm  th»t 
the  company  whh  capitulii-ed  mainly  by  debentuD^-holdi-rii  and 
shareholdi'tH  of  the  City  of  liirminghiim  TrainwuyH  Co.  fubwjribinif 
for  delKjriture  htoek«  and  HhurcH  in  thin  company,  und<r  a  iM.h4irie  of 
conversion  by  which  thin  company  acquircsrj  the  invi.'Htmeiitj)  of 
that  company,  compriHing,  amoi  g  othern,  a  lorge  pro[Kjrtion  of 
trustee  sccuritieit.  A  rt«erve  wan  provided  in  necuriticH  by  that 
company  to  meet  the  depreciation  of  the  truntec  fccuriticn  and  of 
some  of  the  other  inventmcntH  taken  over.  All  the  truiit<«  Hccaritieo 
and  some  of  the  others  have  Mince  been  real ivc-d,  and  the  low)  on 
renlisation  has  been  borne  by  tfie  reHcrve.  The  dirtotors  have 
acted  on,  and  propose  to  adhere  to,  the  principle  of  adding  to  the 
reserve  any  profits  made  on  sales  of  any  of  the  compaiiy's  invest- 
ments, and  of  charging  againht  the  reserve  any  Io»b«;h  on  realiaa- 
tion.  The  balance  account  at  December  3lHt,  1912,  was  M'J'.i,\Vft. 
The  directors  have  jiower  to  issue  deljenture  stocks  to  an  aggregate 
amount  not  exceeding  the  subscribed  share  capital  of  the  company, 
and  they  propose  to  issue  further  debenture  stocks  of  the  company 
accordingly.  The  revenue  account  shows  a  profit,  after  paying  all 
administration  expenses,  of  £11,32.'>  The  interest  on  the  deben- 
ture stocks  amounts  to  £2,970,  and  the  dividend  on  preference 
shares  to  £3,411,  leaving  £4,943.  This  balance  would  admit  of  a 
dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  4j  i>cr  cent,  per 
annum.  The  directors,  however,  are  of  opinion  that  it  is  better  to 
strengthen  the  company  by  defraying  the  whole  of  the  preliminary 
expenses,  amounting  to  £1,029,  out  of  the  first  profits,  carrying 
forward  the  balance  of  £3,314. 


Mather  A:  IMatt.  Ltd.  —  The  directors  announce  a 
dividend  at  the  rate  of  10  percent,  per  annum,  with  a  bonus  of 
2  per  cent.,  both  free  of  tax,  less  the  interim  dividend  of  5  per 
cent,  already  paid. 

Stock  Exchang-e  Xotices,— Applications  Lave  been 
made  to  the  Committee  to  allow  the  following  securities  to  be 
f  I  noted  in  the  Official  List  : — 

Manaos  Tramway  and  Light  Co.,  Ltd.-  300,000  ordinary  (bares  of  £1  cacli 
fully  Fii'd,  Nos.  1  to300,CU0  (special  applicatkn,). 

Pacific  Power  and  Light  Co.— $.5.G05,C00  5  per  cent,  first  and  refunding  mort- 
gage SOyear  gold  bonds,  Iiiternaticnal  series,  Nce.l  to  5,295  and  5,301  to  5  GIO  cf 
8 f, 000  each. 

Bao  Paulo  Electric  Cc,  Ltd,— £1,880,000  5  per  cent.  CO-jear  first  mortgage 
bonds,  in  lieu  of  the  scrip. 

The  Committee  have  appointed  a  special  settling  day  as  under  : — 

Wednesday,  February  19tb.— Universal  Cheap  Cables,  Ltd.— 20,000  sfiares  of 
£1  each  fully  paid,  Noe.  1  to  20,000. 

And  ordered  the  undermentioned  securities  to  be  quoted  in  the 
Oflficial  List : — 

Conjinercial  Cable  Co.— ill, 146  additional  sterling  ."JOO-year  1  per  cent, 
debanture  stock. 

Chloride  Electrical  Storage  Co,,  Ltd. — The  directors 

recommend,  out  of  the  undivided  profits,  an  interim  bonus  of  73.  6d. 
each  on  the  ordinary  shares,  to  be  satisfied  by  the  issue  and  pro  rata 
allotment  of  19,344  new  shares,  making  73,250  of  these  shares  out- 
standing.— Financial  Tiiiirg. 

Telegraph  Constraction  and  maintenance  Co.,  Ltd. 

— In  addition  to  the  interim  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  paid  in  July 
last,  there  is  announced  a  further  dividerd  of  10  per  cent.,  together 
with  a  bonus  of  12s.  per  share,  making  20  per  cent,  for  the  year. 
This  compares  with  17  J  per  cent,  for  1911. 

Blackpool  and  Fleetwoijd  Tramroad  Co.— The  half- 
yearly  meeting  was  held  at  Manchester  on  Tuesday,  Mr.  Geo. 
Richardson  presiding.  The  chairman  said  that  the  result  of  the 
half-year's  working  was  very  satisfactory,  especially  considering 
the  state  of  the  weather. 

Lilians  &  Robinson,  Ltd. — The  report  states  that  the 
accounts  for  the  year  to  .lune  30th  show  a  balance  against  profit  and 
loss  of  £52,191,  of  which  £  31, 3!0  represents  book  adjustments,  the 
result  of  a  special  scrutiny  of  fluctuating  assets  instituted  by  the 
directors  when  the  bank  loan  was  arranged.  The  balance  of 
£20,881  represents  the  trading  loss  for  the  year  after  including 
provision  of  £8,337  for  depreciation,  £9,378  for  debenture  interest, 
and  £892  for  the  upkeep  of  Queen's  Ferry  Works,  a  total  of 
&\%S>01.— Financier. 

Dnblin  United  Tramwajs   Co.    (lS9(i),   Ltd.— The 

directors  report  that  the  accounts  for  the  half-j ear  to  December  :'>  1st 
show  available  for  division  £G3,S52.  It  is  recommended  that  divi- 
dends be  paid  for  the  half-year  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum 
(less  income-tax)  on  both  the  preference  and  ordinary  shares. 
£10  000  is  to  be  set  aside  towards  the  renewal  of  permanent  way, 
£2,000  to  accident  insurance  reserve,  and  £6,000  to  reserve  and 
renewals  fund,  leaving  £11,257  to  be  carried  forward. 

Prospectus. — JlythauUc  Povn  and  Smelling  Co..  Lid. 
— There  has  been  offered  for  subscription  this  week  (the  list  was  to 
close  last  Tuetdaj)  an  issue  oi  £475,000  5  per  cent,  first  mortgaije 
debentures  at  95  per  cent,  in  this  company,  which  was  foimed  in 
1911  to  acquire  the  share  capital  of  the  following  companies : — 
Aktieselskabet  Tyssefaldene  ;  Norsk  Elektrisk  Metalindustri  Aktie 
selskap  ;  Trollhattans  Elektrothcrmiska  Aktiebolafr. 


270 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.72.  No.  i,838,Fkbbca^y  14,1913. 


St.  Janies'.s  and  Pnll    Mall    Electric  Li(;bt  (0..  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  1!02  shows  that  the  connections  hnve 
increased  from  13, P".";  Kw.  to  14.600  KW.,  Bnd  11,044, Tti8  units  were 
supplied  to  consnmerF.  The  Central  Electric  Supply  Co  ,  Ltd.,  has 
declared  a  dividend  of  .^  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  share!>,  in 
respect  of  which  a  sum  of  Jt  2,500  will  in  due  course  be  payable  to 
this  company.  As  s'atcd  in  last  year'.s  report,  it  is  intended  to 
continue  the  equipment  of  the  Carnaby  Street  works  with  trans- 
formers and  accumulators  to  deal  with  an  increase  in  h  t.  supply 
from  the  Grove  Itoad  works.  To  meet  the  conpefiuent  obsolescence 
of  steam  peneratin(r  plant,  sjiecial  provision  for  depreciation  has 
a^ain  been  made  in  1912,  and  the  directors  have  also  carried  a  sum 
of  £4,500  from  net  revenue  account  to  the  credit  of  contingency 
fund.  The  net  profits  for  1012,  applicable  to  dividends  ou  shares, 
amount  to  £2('>,94(),  plus  £2,294  brought  forward,  less  interim 
dividend  paid  in  August  last  for  half-year  ending  June  30th,  at  the 
rate  of  7  per  cent,  on  preference  shares,  £3,500,  and  10  per  cent,  on 
ordinary  shares,  £10,000,  leaving  £15.740  to  be  dealt  with.  It  is 
proposed  to  pay  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  on  the  prefer- 
ence shares  for  the  second  half-year,  requiring  £3,500,  and  a 
dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the  second  half-year  of  58.  per 
share,  making,  with  the  interim  dividend  paid  in  August  last,  a 
total  of  10  per  cent,  for  the  year,  £10,000,  leaving  £2.240  to  carry 
forward.  The  directors  regret  the  death  of  Sir  .lohn  H.  Morris, 
K.C.S.I.,  and  they  have  elected  Mr.  F.  .1.  AValker  to  a  scat  on  the 
board,  and  have  appointed  him  managing  director  of  the  company. 
The  meeting  is  called  for  February  l.'*th. 


UnilB  Reccrated  and  purcbaeed 
Qaantil;  utilised— Private  supply 

Used  on  works 

Total        

Expended  in  distribution 

Total  connections  in  kw.,  December,  1912 


18,909,052 
11,044,768 
:i72  353 
11,417,121 
2,491,981 
14,609 


Central  London  Raihvay  Co. 

The  meeting  of  this  company  was  held   on  February   fith  at  the 
Holborn  Restaurant,  Dr.  H.  F.  Parshall  presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Elec- 
trical Review,  page  231),  said  that  during  the  half-year  the 
expenditure  on  capital  account  had  been  £53,148,  chiefly  in  con- 
nection with  the  Liverpool  Street  extension,  which  alone  had 
amounted  to  f  37,0fl.  The  estimated  expenditure  on  the  Liverpool 
Street  extension  during  the  present  year  was  £44,000,  and  for 
subsequent  years  £1,000.  On  the  Ealing  and  Shepherd's  Bush 
extension,  the  estimated  expenditure  for  the  present  year  was 
£61,000,  and  for  subsequent  years  £30,000,  and  that  together  with 
the  provision  for  additional  rolling  stock  £6,000.  and  an  amount 
for  subsequent  years  of  £('.9,000,  gave  a  total  of  £211,000.  To 
meet  the  anticipated  capital  expenditure,  they  had  unissued 
debenture  stock,  amounting  to  £100,000,  and  a  balance  at  the 
credit  of  capital  account  of  £112,078,  a  total  of  £272,978.  They 
had  carried  18J  million  passengers,  which,  as  compared  with  the 
same  period  of  last  year,  showed  an  increase  of  613,000,  and  the 
increase  in  receipts  amounted  to  £6,222.  That,  together  with  the 
increase  in  miscellaneous  receipts,  gave  a  total  increase  in  receipts 
of  £5,003.  Against  that,  there  was  an  increase  in  working 
expenses  of  £2,632,  principally  accounted  for  by  the  extra 
cost  of  working  the  Liverpool  Street  extension.  It  would 
be  seen,  therefore,  that  the  net  revenue  showed  an  increase 
of  £3,271.  It  was  very  satisfactory  to  note  that  the  Liverpool 
Street  extension,  which  was  opened  on  July  20th  last,  had  contri- 
buted mainly  to  that  increase  in  passengers  and  receipts.  The 
actual  bookings  at  Liverpool  Street  for  the  five  months  preceding 
the  date  of  the  balance-sheet  accounted  for  1,626,000  passengers, 
with  £10,200  receipts.  The  Broad  Street  portion  of  the  extension, 
which  was  opened  on  October  10th  last,  had  contributed  161,000 
passengers,  with  £1,184  receipts.  That  gave  a  total  for  the  exten- 
sion of  £11, .384.  A  great  increase  in  the  Broad  Street  traffic  was 
anticipated  as  soon  as  the  lifts  were  ready  for  use.  They  had 
already  been  tested,  and  would  be  expected  to  be  running  in  ten 
days.  The  gross  receipts  for  the  half-year  amounted  to  £144,455, 
as  against  £138,552,  and  after  deducting  working  expenses,  which 
amounted  to  £76,328,  there  was  a  balance  of  net  revenue  of 
£68,127.  That  compared  with  £64,.'<56  for  the  corresponding 
period  of  the  previous  year.  The  amount  brought  forward  from 
list  half-year  was  £23,776,  general  interest  amounted  to  £6,530, 
and  the  amount  reserved  from  the  last  half-year  to  meet  the  divi- 
dend of  the  deferred  stock  was  £6,462,  giving  a  total  net  revenue 
of  £104.805.  After  providing  for  debenture  interest  and  other 
payments  amounting  to  £19,475,  there  was  an  available  balance  of 
£85,420,  as  compared  with  £8!,170  last  year.  The  interest  on  the 
41  percent,  preference  stock  amounted  to  £10,800,  less  amount 
charged  to  capital  under  the  Act  of  1900,  £4,060.  There  was. 
therefore,  a  total  balance  available  of  £78,680,  and  from  that  sum 
dividends  on  the  undivided  ordinary  stock  at  the  same  rate  as 
last  year,  namely,  3  per  cent.,  and  of  4  per  cent,  on 
the  preferred  ordinary  stock  and  2  per  cent,  for  the  whole  year  on 
the  deferred  stock,  were  recommfnded,  absorbing  £51,462.  That 
left  a  balance  to  be  carried  to  the  next  half-year  of  £27,218,  as  against 
£26,161.  The  whole  of  the  permanent  way  was  being  renewed, 
and  a  system  of  automatic  signalling  was  being  installed  ;  all  of 
this  work  was  well  in  hand  and  was  being  proceeded  with  as  rapidly 
as  possible.  Proceerling  to  rtfer  t(i  the  recent  proposals  of  the 
I'nderpround  Electric  Railways  Co.  of  London,  Ltd.,  which  were 
folly  explained  at  a  meeting  of  shareholders  in  December  last,  he 
said  that  holders  of  over  75  per  cent,  in  the  aggregate  of  the 
ordinary,  preferred  ordinary,  and  deferred  ordinary  stocks,  had 
accepted  that  offer,  and   the  Underground  Co.  had   intimated  that 


the  offer  was  no*  binding  upon  them.  Under  the  trust-deed 
between  the  Underground  Co.  and  Messrs.  Glyn,  Mills,  Currie  and 
Co.  and  two  of  their  directors,  namely.  Viscount  St.  Aldwyn  and 
Sir  H.  Babington  Smith,  remained  on  the  board  to  represent  the 
interests  of  the  guaranteed  stockholders  ;  the  Hon.  A.  H.  Mills 
nlpo  remained  as  a  director.  Mr.  R.  Fleming,  Lord  Knollys 
and  Lord  Rathmore,  had  retired,  and  Lord  (ieorge  Hamilton,  Sir 
Herbert  -lekyll  and  Mr.  Albert  II.  Stanley,  having  been  nominated 
by  the  Underground  Co.,  have  been  elected  in  their  places.  In 
accordance  with  the  new  arrangements,  his  own  resignation  had 
been  tendered  to  take  place  after  the  meeting,  when  it  was  pro- 
posed to  elect  Lord  George  Hamilton  as  the  new  chairman. 

Viscoi'NT  St.  Aldwyn  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted. 


Sniitbtield  Markets  Electric  Sopitly  Co..  Ltd. 

Sir  H.  S.  Leon,  Bt.  (chairman),  presided  on  Friday  at  Winchester 
House.  E.C.,  over  the  fifteenth  ordinary  general  meeting  of  the  above 
company. 

The  Chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  234),  said  that  £2,84  7  had  been  spent 
on  capital  account  during  the  year.  This  inclnded  a  part  of  the 
cost  of  the  new  generating  plant,  and  since  their  report  had  been 
issued,  three  of  these  new  machines  had  been  brought  into  use,  so 
that  the  balance  of  the  cost  when  the  fourth  one  was  erected  would 
be  charged  to  the  capital  account  of  1913.  Last  year  he  alluded  to 
what  were  termed  physical  difficulties  on  account  of  the  Diesel 
engines,  but  those  difficulties  had  been  surmounted,  and  it  was 
hoped  that,  if  all  went  smoothly,  their  income  would  be  consider- 
ably increased  as  the  result  of  this  heavy  expenditure.  Turning  to 
the  revenue  account,  it  showed  a  small  increase  in  the  gross  profit. 
There  had  been  some  money  spent  out  of  revenue  on  improvements 
of  a  special  nature  in  connection  with  their  installations  entirely  for 
the  benefit  of  their  customers,  which  had  already  proved  itself  very 
well  spent.  The  gross  revenue  showed  a  slight  falling  off,  almost 
entirely  due  to  a  smaller  demand  for  power,  perhaps  on  account  of 
the  cold  summer.  It  would  also  be  remembered  that  the  Dock 
strike  of  last  summer  dislocated  trade  and  injured  the  particular 
business  from  which  they  derived  some  part  of  their  revenue.  Their 
competitors,  the  gas  company,  had  been  very  active  in  the 
markets,  and  it  spoke  well  for  the  popularity  and  manifest  advan- 
tages of  electric  lighting  that  they  had  so  far  been  able  to  hold 
their  own.  It  seemed  to  him  remarkable  that  anyone  could  prefer 
gas  to  electricity,  even  if  they  had  to  pay  double  the  price  for  elec- 
tricity. The  net  profit  was  equal  to  6  per  cent,  more  than  last 
year,  after  having  placed  £400  to  the  debenture  stock  redemp- 
tion fund,  and  £500  to  depreciation  account,  while  the  amount 
available  for  dividend  was  £2,154.  The  board,  therefore, 
recommended  the  payment  of  a  2  per  cent,  dividend,  the 
same  as  last  year.  They  might  have  to  borrow  a  little  money 
to  pay  for  the  new  plant,  but  the  board  intended  this  debt  to 
be  only  of  a  temporary  nature,  and  repayment  of  it  would  be  made 
as  the  company  could  afford  to  do  so.  He  desired  to  emphasise  the 
importance  of  having  a  considerable  sum  in  cash  as  working  capital, 
for  they  must  be  in  a  financial  position  to  face  the  gas  competition 
as  well  as  to  effect  any  improvements  which  might  come  along,  so 
as  to  reduce  the  cost  of  generation.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  they  had 
had  an  increase  in  the  number  of  lamps  installed  last  year,  in  spite 
of  the  gas  competition,  but  the  revenue  from  them  was  not  so  large, 
owing  to  ithe  varying  conditions  of  trade  in  the  market.  The 
electric  lighting  bills  of  their  customers  were  much  more  closely 
examined  than  they  used  to  be,  and  while  the  aggregate  of  trade 
was  larger,  the  profit  was  smaller.  He  thought  that  was  the 
general  tendency  of  trade  in  every  branch  throughout  the  country, 
and  in  the  long  run  he  did  not  think  it  would  do  any  damage  to 
them  or  anybody  else. 

Mb.  E.  Schenk  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was  adopted 
without  discussion. 


Official  Announcements  re  Companies.— The  follow- 
ing are  to  be  struck  off  the  register  within  three  months,  unless 
cause  is  shown  to  the  contrary  :^ 

Bartitsu  Light  Cure  Institute,  Ltd. 
Cornarvonshire  Electric  Traction  Syndicate,  Ltd. 
Empire  Electric  LiRbt  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd. 
Improved  Electric  Supplies,  Ltd. 
Ok inlsation  Syndicate,  Ltd. 

National  Gas  Engine  Co.,  Ltd.— The  directors  report 

that  for  the  year  1012  the  net  profit,  after  providing  amply  for 
depreciation  of  buildings,  tools,  &c.,  and  allowing  for  management 
salaries  and  income-tax,  was  £01,238.  An  interim  dividend  for  the 
six  months  to  June  30th,  amounting  to  £28,500,  being  at  the  rate 
of  5  per  cent,  per  annum  on|the  preference  shares,  and  7  J  per  cent, 
per  annum  on  the  ordinary  shares,  was  paid  on  July  31st,  1012, 
leaving  £62,738  plus  £5,769  brought  forward,  making  £68,506  to 
be  dealt  with.  The  directors  recommend  a  final  dividend  at  the 
rate  of  '<  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  preference  shares,  and  7}  per 
cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary  shares,  both  less  income-tax,  for 
the  six  months  ended  December,  1912.  This  will  absorb  £28,.')00,  and 
leave  £40,006,  out  of  which  the  directors  propose  to  place  £21,200 
to  the  reserve  fund  (making  it  £30,000),  to  write  off  the  formation 
expenses  £8,867,  and  to  carry  forward  £0,030.  Mr.  Kenneth  S. 
Prescott  has  been  elected  to  the  board. 


Vol.72.  No.  i,83n,fbuuuaiiyh,  1918.]   THE    ELECTRTCATj    RKVTKW. 


271 


ItristuI  Tramways   and  (arrluitc  ( o„  Ltd, 

Thk  direoUirH'  report  for  lOI'J  Hhown  Ihnl  the  grom  reeoiptii  were 
£30'.l,ril4,  aii(i  tlio  workinif  iiiul  p<'"''rnl  oxpfiiiicK  and  ronnwnlH 
*301,412,  l(>nvini;a  not  rovnnuo  of  *fiK,202.  From  the  nut  rcvriiuc 
the  followini;  liiivti  been  diHtributcd,  viz  ,  intoroHt  for  the  ycur  on 
4  per  cent,  and  4  J  per  c»>ut  inort(ra(j;e  debontiire  Htock,  and  on 
dcpodils  and  linnkorB*  intercHt,  i£L':f,Hiio  ;  intercit  (carried  to  renervo 
fund)  on  inveHtmontH  realised  lor  capital  oiitlayo,  £'J,fi'.iU  ;  dividend 
on  4  per  cent,  preference  Hhares  for  the  year  (Hubject  to  income-tax  ), 
£18,833;  interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent,  per  annum 
(subject  to  income  tax),  for  the»  half-yeiir  ended  June  30th,  £!i,4  17  : 
and  it  is  proposed  to  appropriate  the  balance  an  folio wb  :  — Final 
dividend  for  half-year  at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent,  jier  annum  (nubj-'ct 
to  inoome-tftx),  £9,417  ;  addition  to  reHerve  fund  for  continjrencieH 
and  renewals,  £4,08:i.  The  interest  on  inveHtments,  and  amounts 
from  income-tax  claims  adjustment,  have  been  carried  direct  to  the 
credit  of  the  reserve  fund,  which  totals  £24I,'-'8;i.  With  the  addi- 
tion now  proposed  of  £4,083,  the  reserve  fund  will  be  further 
augmented  to  £24."), 372.  The  receipts  from  the  tramwayK  <lepart- 
ment  show  an  increase  of  £5,390,  or  about  2  J  per  cent.,  whilst 
those  of  the  mrriape  department  have  increased  by  £27,(i(iC,  or 
2<i  per  cent.  The  total  number  of  passen^'crs  carried  durinir  the 
year  on  the  company's  cars  and  motor-omnibuses  was  r)2,370,ol.'>,  as 
compared  with  49,561,001  in  the  previous  year,  an  increase  of 
2,809,514. 

The  expansion  of  the  company's  general  motor  carriage  business  is  con- 
tinuous. Tbe  business  at  the  branches  in  Bath  and  Weston-saper-Mare  ia 
increasing  daily,  and  further  dpvelopmonts  are  intended;  moreover,  the 
branch  established  during  the  past  year  at  Cbeltenliain  has  succeeded  in  ful- 
niling  the  public  rc(iinreniflnts  so  admirably,  that  another  one  will  be  forthwith 
opened  in  the  adjoining  city  of  (*louco-ter.  The  ccmpany  have  recently  been 
appointed  by  H.tvl.  I'oslmaster-t.enoral  as  contractors  for  the  carriage  of  the 
mails  by  motor  vehicles  for  three  services,  between  Gloucester  and  Bath, 
Cardiff  and  Birminpham  respectively,  and  a  further  service  between  Bristol 
and  Chipping  Bodbury.  This  is  in  addition  to  the  contract  for  Bristol  local 
mails  held  tor  years  past  by  the  company.  New  motor  omnibus  routes  will  bo 
opened  in  and  around  Bristol,  whilst  the  daily  excursion  traffic  for  Bristol  and 
the  West  of  Kngland  will  be  further  developed  in  the  ensuing  summer.  Fifty 
higb-olass  cars  for  private  hiring  are  beioi,'  built  at  the  company's  works,  and 
win  shortly  be  added  to  the  stock.  An  additional  number  of  c.immercial 
Tehicles  will  also  be  provided  to  meet  the  increasing  demand.  The  motor 
buil.ling  and  repairini;  worlK  at  Brislington  (covering  upwards  of  four  acres) 
are  partially  occupied,  and  will  be  complete d  in  June  next.  Tbe  installation, 
comprising  machinery  and  automatic  tools  of  the  most  recent  invention,  is 
designed  to  yield  an  output  of  about  ilOO  new  motor-omnibuses,  cabs  and  other 
vehicles  each  year,  as  well  as  to  enable  all  repairs  to  the  compaoy's  rolling 
stock  and  privately-owned  cars  to  be  executed  under  most  economical  '-ondi- 
tions.  During  the  past  year  the  directors  have  -purchased,  for  the  sum  of 
£1  600,  the  undertaking  o'  the  Clifton  Rocks  Railway  Co.,  constructed  at  a 
cost  of  jt30,000.  The  railway  can  be  profitably  worked  by  the  company  and 
made  available  a'!  n  convenient  link  for  those  passengers  who  travel  by  the 
vehicles  now  or  at  any  future  time  to  be  worked  by  the  company  in  and  around 
Clifton  and  Hotwells. 

The  recent  Insurance  Act  received  much  consideration  by  the  directors,  who 
found  that  if  the  company  elected  to  carry  out  the  literal  requirements  of  the 
Act,  the  employi^s  would  be  injuriously  aftected,  and  placed  in  a  much 
interior  positiijn  to  that  they  had  occupied  under  their  provident  society, 
which  had  been  tostered  by  the  company  for  many  years  past.  The  directors, 
therefore,  formulated  a  scheme  for  an  "Approved  Society,"  embracing  only 
the  ooinpany's  employes,  and  this  received  the  immediate  and  hearty  approval 
of  the  Insurance  Commissioners.  Occasion  was  taken  to  still  further  enlarge 
the  benefits  so  that  the  employis  are  now  secured  such  advantages  as  are 
enjiyed  by  few,  if  any,  similar  employments  in  the  kingdom. 

The  Employi's'  Superannuation  Fund,  wholly  subscribed  by  the  company 
and  its  directors,  now  amount  to  £29,11.5.  The  substantial  provision  now 
existing,  and  which  will  continue  to  be  made  for  old  age  or  other  incapacity,  is 
much  appreciated  by  tbe  employi5s. 

The  meeting  is  called  for  February  10th. 


Paisley  District  Tramways  Co. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  half-year  ended  December  31st,  1912, 
shows  that  the  revenue  was  £80,050,  and  the  expenses  were 
£17,622,  leaving  £12,433  ;  less  general  interest,  £265  ;  interest  on 
debentures,  £1,600  :  debenture  sinking  fund,  £750,  leaving  £9.818, 
plus  £1,996,  brought  forward,  making  a  balance  of  £11,814.  Out 
of  this,  £3,000  has  been  placed  to  general  reserve  account: 
£3,750  to  dividend  for  the  half-year  on  the  5  ptr  cent.  cum.  pref. 
shares;  £1,000  to  preference  share  sinking  fund;  £1,620  to  divi- 
dend at  the  rate  of  2  per  cent,  per  annum  for  the  half-year  ou  the 
ordinary  shares  ;  £2,444  being  carried  forward.  The  traffic  receipts 
show  an  increase  of  £1,113  and  the  expenses  an  increase  of  £1,794, 
as  compared  with  the  receipts  and  expenses  for  the  corresponding 
half-year  of  1911.  The  increase  in  expenses  was  mainly  due  to 
running  additional  services,  heavier  charges  for  maintenance  and 
for  local  rates.  Four  additional  cars  were  purchased  during  the 
half-year. 

Halt-year  Miles  Traffic  Average  Car-    No.  of 

ended.  open.  Passengers,  receipts.           tare,  mileage,    cars. 

June,  1911  1708        6,009,072  £26.120  19    2        1 04d.  659,021        6G 

Dec  ,  1911  ..     17  98        6,487,033  28.736    4  11         l-OCd.  e08.f.02        56 

June,  1912  . .     17  98        6,fi97,679  28,479  17    4        1  04d.  619,850        56 

Dec,  1912  17-98       6.862.0S3  29,849  11    9        104d.  644,473       60 


City  of  Buenos  Ayres  Tramways  Co.  (1904),  Ltd.— 

The  directors'  report  states  that  the  annuity  payable  by  the  Anglo- 
Argentine  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  been  received,  and  the  net 
revenue  for  the  year  to  December  31st  amounted  to  £66,592. 
Interim  dividends  have  been  paid  for  the  nine  months  ending 
September  30th,  absorbing  £46,600,  leaving  a  balance  of  £20,092. 
The  directors  recommend  (says  the  financier)  that  a  final  dividend  of 
Is.  3d.  per  share  (making  53.  per  share — 5  per  cent,  per  annum — less 
income-tax)  be  paid  for  the  year,  absorbing  £16,600;  that  £4,500 
be  transferred  to  general  amortisation  fund,  and  £92  carried 
forward. 


.\ortiiamptoii  Klcctric  Miclit  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd. 

Tnic  report  for  1912  Hayn  that  the  company's  ondcrtakintr  i«  ruakloft 
gfttlnfactory  prourens.  Ltrnpi  and  molom  have  been  addr'i  {U>  the 
equivalent  of  '2l),i2i'>  32  wolt  laiupii),  making  a  total  wiunl  to  \it,J,H' 
lamps.  The  inoreaHia  in  II. 1'.  of  niotorit  i«  .'>63,  mnkinir  a  total  of 
2.72.''i  II. I'.,  and  of  this  2.2HO  are  hired  from  the  corapiny.  Thp 
mains  added  witre  1  mile  671  yanln  in  extent,  making  a  t<ital  of 
29  miles  l,r.4H  yardit.  In  addition  to  »hi«  m-'A'  f«-(|er  <luct«  have 
been  laid  injurious  directionx   ''  -  -  to  2  mile* 

311    yards.      The  output    of  i!  113    unit*, 

compared  with   2,4'.i7,H71   in  fh.  '.   pfT  rf.al, 

increase.  The  maxiniuni  loail  on  plunl  vvum  \,'j:,i>  ku.  (2.'<  per  («nt. 
increase)  and  the  load  factor  181.  The  coal  strike  occafliuned  acme 
additional  expenditure  for  fuel.  There  hai  been  a  re<luction  in  the 
price  of  current  for  lighting.  Eight  cottaget)  in  Fetter  Lane, 
adjoining  the  company 'n  property,  have  been  purcbaoed.  A  CDn- 
siderable  addition  to  the  generating  plant  will  Ite  made  daring 
191 :!,  and  to  meet  the  cost  of  thirf  a  further  iijHuc  of  debenture  stock 
is  contemplated.  The  general  depri'ciation  account  ha«  lieen  in- 
creased by  £.">,200  (out  of  which  certain  specific  items  have  be^n 
written  down,  as  shown  by  the  balance-sheet),  also  £375  has  been 
written  off  motors,  and  £l,5oo  added  to  reserve.  The  snm  of  £750 
will  be  required  for  the  dividend  on  the  5  per  cent,  preference 
shares,  and  the  directors  propose  that  7  per  cent,  per  annum  sbonid 
be  paid  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the  half-year  (making  6  per  cent, 
for  the  year),  absorbing  £2,4 5o,  leaving  £2,04  s  to  l>e  carried 
forward. 


Kiectrieal  Distribution  of  lorksliire.  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  that  the  accounts  for  the  year  1912  again 
show  steady  and  satisfactory  progress.  The  net  profit  for  the  three 
years  ending  December  Slst  is  as  follows: — 1912,  £1,903  ;  1911, 
£1,347;  1910,  £51.-..  The  profits  up  to  the  en-i  of  1911  enabled 
the  company  to  write  off  formation,  preliminary  and  working  ex- 
penses amounting  to  £428,  to  pay  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  4  per 
cent,  pjr  annum,  and  to  carry  forward  £319,  which,  added  to. the 
profit  for  1912  of  £1,903,  makes  a  disposable  balance  of  £2,252. 
The  directors  recommend  a  dividend,  free  of  income-tax,  for  the 
year  1912  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary 
shares,  amounting  to  £1,104,  putting  to  reserve  £60(i,  making  it 
£1,000.  carrying  forward,  subject  to  any  remuneration  voted  to  the 
directors,  the  bilance  of  £548. 

Applications  were  made  to  the  Board  of  Trade  for  provisional 
orders  for  electric  lighting  in  Ardsley,  Darton  and  district,  Goole 
and  district,  Rothwell  and  district,  and  Wombwell  and  Worsborough. 
All  these  Orders  have  now  been  confirmed  by  Parliament.  During 
the  year  there  has  been  a  steady  growth  in  the  use  of  the  company's 
supply,  and  a  large  number  of  consumers  have  been  added,  and 
further  demands  for  energy  continue  to  he  received. 

Applications  for  3,135  ordinary  shares  of  £1  each  have  been 
received  during  the  year.  Only  £4,86.")  of  the  authorised  capital 
remains  unapplied  for.  In  order  that  shareholders  may  have  the 
first  opportunity  of  taking  this  up,  an  application  form  is  enclosed 
with  the  report.  In  order  to  provide  for  extensions  in  the  districts 
in  which  a  supply  is  now  being  given,  and  to  commence  the  deve- 
lopment of  the  new  districts  heioie  referred  to,  further  capital  is 
required.  An  extraordinary  meeting  will  be  held  on  February  25th 
for  the  purpose  of  increasing  the  nominal  capital  of  the  company 
from  £25,000  to  £50  000  and  the  borrowing  powers  from  £5,00o 
to  £10,000. 

The  directors  report  the  death  of  Mr.  John  Nevin.  a  director 
from  the  inception  of  the  company. 

The  meeting  will  be  held  on  February  2.".th  at  Leeds. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tuesday  Evening. 

It  is  certainly  true  to  say  that  there  is  very  little  business  doing 
round  the  Stock  Kschange  as  a  whole.  None  ot  the  markets  are 
anything  like  active,  and  what  trade  comes  in  is  mostly  of  the 
patchy  order.  Dear  money  :  new  issues  ;  foreign  politics  ;  booming 
trade  ;  these  are  some  of  the  considerations  which  militate  against 
the  Stock  Exchange,  and  for  the  time  being  there  seems  to  be 
little  indication  of  conditions  altering.  The  first  relief  is  expected 
to  come  from  the  Near  East,  but  even  there  the  belligerents  are 
putting  up  a  more  strenuous  fight  than  anybody  thought  they 
would  do. 

Amongst  the  new  issues  which  fall  naturally  into  the  markets 
these  notes  are  concerned  with,  is  one  that  will,  perhaps,  make  its 
appearance  within  a  few  days — if  it  is  not  already  out  before  we 
are.  The  emission  will  probably  take  the  shape  of  5  per  cent- 
Debentures  in  the  Las  Palmas  Water  and  Power  Company  :  and 
the  last  proof  prospectus  whioh  we  saw  of  this  bears  date 
September  2nd,  1912.  Particulars  are  available  of  the  coming 
issue  of  the  Cedar  Rapids  Manufacturing  and  Power  Company, 
which  is  to  be  offered  to  the  holders  of  the  Montreal  Light.  Heat 
and  Power  and  the  Shawinigan  Water  undertakings.  Eight  and 
a-half  million  dollars  of  5  per  cent.  Cedar  Rapids  l>onds  are  to  be 
offered  at  90,  with  a  bonus  of  25  per  cent,  in  common  stock. 

The  Railway  market  suffers  from  neglect.  A  good  deal  of  atten- 
tion is  being  turned  to  the  stocks  of  the  trade  lines  in  consequence 


272 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.  72.  no.  i,838,  febbuaut  u,  1913. 


of  the  unexpectedly  pood  dividends  just  declared,  and  interest  in 
Undergrounds    has    abated    correspondinply.       Metropolitans   are 

1  higher  ;  Districts  J  down.  London  United  Tramways  Preference 
dropped  to  4*,  and  a  rally  to  5  leaves  them  lOs.  down  on  the  week. 
Underground  Electric  le.  shares  braced  up  to  148.  4jd.,  which  is 
not  nuite  so  good  as  they  were  a  fortnight  ago.  The  Ordinary  fell 
to  4  ',  the  report,  out  this  week,  being  considered  rather  disappoint- 
ing. Great  Northern  and  City  Preferred  shares  recovered  I  after 
their  fall  of  4  last  week,  for  it  is  now  supposed  that  the  scheme  for 
absorption  of  the  Tube  by  the  Metropolitan  Company  will  be  duly 
confirmed.  Shrewd  opinion  looks  for  the  Great  Western  to  enter 
into  a  much  closer  working  alliance  with  the  Metropolitan  than 
is  already  the  case  ;  and  should  this  come  about,  it  would  naturally 
add  strength  to  the  position  of  the  Underground  Railway.  Central 
London  issues  are  unchanged  and  City  and  South  London  remains 
at    ^S.      The    City    Company's   Preference    stocks   have   all   shed 

2  points,  while  the  4  per  cent.  Debenture  crumbled  to  98,  these 
movements  being  in  company  with  a  variety  of  falls  that  have 
taken  place  amongst  Home  Railway  pre-ordinary  stocks  during  the 
past  week. 

British  Electric  Traction  stocks  have  eased  off  to  some  extent, 
and  Metropolitan  Electric  Trams  Ordinary  are  flat  at  the  nominal 
price  of  SI/ 32.  There  is  little  market  left  in  these,  for  the  Com- 
pany is  becoming  merged  virtually  into  the  London  and  Suburban, 
the  Ordinary  shares  in  which  are  quoted  at  7s.  fid.,  while  the  Pre- 
ference are  13s.  East  London  Ordinary  stock  is  a  better  market 
at  9^ 

English  Electricity  Supply  shares  are  somewhat  featureless,  but 
it  is  worth  noticing  that  City  of  London  Ordinary  are  up  a  further 
5s.  to  17  J,  the  rise  being  accompanied  by  rumours — as  vague  as 
ever — that  something  was  "  up ''  besides  the  price  of  the  shares. 
The  tip  goes  round  that  Cities  are  remarkably  cheap  at  18i,  but  we 
heard  the  same  thing  repeated  with,  if  anything,  rather  more 
emphasis  when  Cities  stood  at  23.  St.  James's  Ordinary  eased 
off  ,'.  on  the  report,  which  shows  the  net  profit  to  be  a  little  less 
than  that  for  the  previous  12  months.  Smithfields  have  been 
offered,  and  the  price  slumped  from  32s  6d.  to  a  sovereign,  the 
dealers  being  anything  but  anxious  to  buy  the  shares.  Several 
lines  of  South  London  Ordinary  shares  have  changed  hands 
within  the  last  few  days,  and  there  are  speculative  investors  who 
regard  the  sharps  as  cheap,  having  regard  to  the  position  of  the 
Company  and  the  return  which  is  available  from  the  shares. 

Mtxico  City  is  said  once  more  to  be  in  the  throes  of  revolution, 
and,  by  reason  of  this,  most  of  the  stocks  and  shares  which  have 
any  connection  wi'h  Mexico  have  given  way.  Mexican  Light  and 
Power  Common  stock  fell  2,  Monterey  twnds  1,  Mexico  Trams  li, 
the  bonds  J  to  1,  and  so  on.  There  was  not  a  great  pressure  to 
sell,  quotations  being  marked  down  more  as  a  measure  of  precaution 
than  as  a  reflection  of  sales.  Rio  Seconds  are  lower  to  the  extent 
of  i.  Brazilian  Traction  Common  shares  dropped  to  par.  British 
Columbia  Deferred  is  a  point  lower  ;  and  Shawinigan  Water,  now 
that  the  Cedar  Rapids  scheme  is  out,  fell  4  points  to  146  middle, 
Montreal  stock  retaining  its  high  figure.  The  Anglo- Argentine 
group  is  steady,  but  the  First  Preference,  at  any  rate,  can  be 
bought  more  cheaply  than  the  official  quotation  would  seem  to 
indicate  :  since  the  actual  price  at  the  time  of  writing  is  43!^ — 4f  J, 
it  appears  an  absurdity  to  quote  it  as  44 — oj  in  the  Stock  Exchange 
Official  List.  City  of  Baenos  Ayres  Trams  are  a  shade  harder,  and 
Para  Debenture  stock  improved  slightly. 

The  excitement  in  connection  with  Marconis  has  been  less  evident, 
though  there  is  plenty  going  on  still  in  the  shares.  The  price  keeps 
most  of  its  last  week's  rise,  and  Canadians  shot  up  to  18s.  6d.  bid 
before  reacting  a  few  pence.  Americans  and  Spanish  have  been 
better  in  sympathy.  So  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  the  market 
impression  prevails  that  if  the  Company  were  able  to  nullify  the 
agreement  with  the  Government,  it  would  be  in  a  position  more 
favourable  for  securing  good  terms.  Meanwhile,  the  evidence 
being  given  before  the  Commissioner  is  followed  with  the  keenest 
interest. 

National  Telephone  Deferred  shrinks  continually,  last  week's 
recovery  being  but  a  check  to  the  steady  fall.  The  price  has  dipped 
to  92J,  and  as  the  Company's  books  close  finally  on  the  25th  inst., 
the  time  should  not  be  far  off  when  all  doubts  are  set  at  rest  as  to 
what  proprietors  of  National  Telephone  Deferred  stock  are  likely  to 
get  in  exchange  for  their  present  holding.  The  secretary  wrote  to 
the  Stock  Exchange  authorities  the  other  day,  however,  saying  that 
he  could  assign  no  definite  date  when  the  information  would  be 
available.  The  matter,  of  course,  rests  in  the  hands  of  the  Post 
Office,  because  the  latter  has  appealed  against  part  of  the  recent 
award.  Outside  Marconis  and  National  Telephones,  the  market  is 
idle  and  stagnant.  Anglo-American  Deferred  fell  -^a,  and  Com- 
mercial Cable  4  per  cent.  Debenture  has  moved  on  to  a  basis  of 
r,  per  cent,  return  to  the  investor.  Beyond  this,  there  are  no  quotable 
changes. 

The  chief  movement  amongst  Manufacturing  Companies'  issues 
is  a  drop  of  7  in  Brush  4J  per  cent.  First  Debenture  stock,  lower- 
ing the  price  to  42J.  This  drop  is  based  on  the  offering  of  a  small 
parcel,  aiA  it  will  be  noticed  that  the  yield  on  the  stock  now 
amounts  to  10  per  cent,  on  the  money,  while  the  company's  Second 
Debfnturo  returns  over  14  per  cent.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say 
that  this  observation  is  not  made  with  the  idea  of  inducing  staid 
investors  to  buy  Brush  Debenture  of  either  class  to  put  away  with 
their  gilt-edged  cecurities.  Henley's  Ordinary  are  J  up,  and  Telegraph 
Constructions  roee  IO3.  ;  while  Aron  Preference  put  on  :}„  upon 
notice  being  drawn  to  the  manner  in  which  these  manufaituring 
companies  are  flourii-hing,  and  to  the  substantial  percentage  that 
the  Aron  shares  yield  to  a  buyer  at  the  present  figure.  Rubber 
shares  are  dull,  and  the  putting  up  of  about  900  tons  at  the  auctions 
this  week  in  Mincing  Lane  had  the  effect  of  depressing  to  a  slight 
extent  the  price  of  the  commodity. 


MARKET     QUOTATIONS. 


It  should  be  remembered,  in  making  use  of  the  figures  appearing 
in  the  following  list,  that  in  some  cases  the  prices  are  only  general, 
and  may  vary  according  to  quantities  and  other  circumstances. 


Wednesday. 

February  12tb. 

CHEMICALS.  Ac. 

Latest 
Price. 

Fortnight's 
Inc.  or  Deo. 

M  Add,  Uydroohlorio 

per  ow», 

6/- 

a     „     Kitrio 

aa/- 
aid. 

a     „     Oxalic            

per  lb. 

a     „      Sulphuric 

per  cwt. 

5/6 

■  Ammoniac  Sal        

1^ 

42/- 

m  Ammonia,  Muriate  (large  crystal 

per  ton 

£2910 

M  Bleaching  powder 

£6  6 

ISs 

inc. 

m  Bisulphide  of  Carbon 

j^ 

£18 

■  Borax  

£11  10 

£1  inc. 

m  Copper  Sulphate 

i. 

£23 

£2  10  dec. 

a  Lead,  Nitrate         

£29  10 

a       „      White  Sugar 

£2710 

a      „      Peroxide 

£.%> 

e  Methylated  Spirit 

per'gal. 

2/6 

a  Potassium,  Bichromate,  In  casks 

per  lb, 

S^d. 

a  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %) 

per  ton 

£22  10 

a        „       Chlorate 

per  lb. 

8  d. 

a        „       Perohlorate 

^ 

4;d. 

a  Potassium,  Cyanide  (98/100  %) . . 

„ 

7id. 

(for  mining  purposes  only) 

a  Shellac          

per  cwt. 

72/6 

a  Sulphate  of  Magnesia 

per  ton 

£4  10 

.  a  Sulphur,  Sublimed  Flowers 

£610 

■        „         Recovered 

ij 

£6  10 

a        „        Lump      

1^ 

£6 

a  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/72  %)    . . 

„ 

£10  6 

a      „     Chlorate        

per  lb. 

88d. 

a      „     (Crystals         

per  ton 

£8  6 

a  Sodium  Bichromate,  casks 

per  lb. 

Bd. 

"• 

METALS.  Ac. 

b  Aluminium  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  . . 

per  ton 

£93 

£2J.M-. 

b           „           Wire,  in  ton  lots    . . 

£112 

b           „           Sheet,  in  ton  lots    . . 

£120 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots     . . 

£88  to  £145 

c  Brass  (rolled  metal  T  to  12*  basis) 

per'lb. 

Hjd. 

§d.  dec. 

c      „     Tube  (brazed) 

lOJd. 

id.  in  ■. 

c      „         „     (solid  drawn) 

9id. 

m. 

id.  inc. 

c      „     Wire,  basis 

" 

3d.  dec. 

c  Copper  Tubes  (brazed)     . . 

113d. 

^d.  dec. 

c        „           „      (solid  drawn) 

,, 

Hid. 

•id.  dec. 

g       „       Bars  (best  selected) 

per  ton 

£83 

£9  dec. 

g       „       Sheet          

£83 

£9  dec. 

g       „      Rod 

i_ 

£83 

£9  dec. 

d       „      (Electrolytic)  Bars 

„ 

£-!6 

d       „                 „           Sheets     .. 

£93 

d       „                 „           Rods 

£81 

d       „                 „           H.C.  Wire 

per  lb. 

m. 

/EboniteRod           

6/8 

/       „        Sheet         

4/9 

D  German  Silver  Wire 

1/10 

b  Gutta-percha,  fine 

„ 

7/-  to  8/- 

b  India-rubber,  Para  fine  . . 

4/3 

4Jd!dec. 

/  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . . 

per  ton 

61/8 

7d.  dec. 

/     „    Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual. 

£14 

4- Lead,  English  Pig 

£17  2  6 

£1  6  'dec. 

in  Manganin  Wire  No.  28   .. 

per  lb. 

6/6 

g  Mercury         

per  hot. 

£7  15 

6/6*  inc. 

e  Mica  (in  original  cases)  small  . . 

per  lb. 

6d.  to86. 

e     „               „           „      medium 

,, 

8/6  to  6/- 

e     ..               „            „      large   .. 

„ 

7/6  to  HI- 

0  Nickel,  sheet,  wire,  &c 

3/6  to  4/6  nom. 

p  Phosphor  Bronze,  plam  castings 

„ 

1/3  to  1/^ 

id.  dec. 

p         „            „    rolled  bars  &  rode 

1/a 

,, 

p         „           „  rolled  strip  &  sheet 

„ 

1/2J 

0  Platinum       

per  oz. 

186/- 

1/ Bilioium  Bronze  Wire 

per  lb. 

llid. 

Bteel,  Magnet,  in  bars 

per  ton 

£66 

r  Tin,  Block  (English) 

„ 

£226  to  £227 

£5  16'dec. 

n    „     Wire,  Nos.  1  to  16    . . 

per  lb. 

2/8* 

id.  dec. 

p  White  Anti-friotion  Metals 

pet  ton 

£46  to  £328 

£2  dec. 

k  Zino,  Bb't  (Vieille  Montague  bnd.) 

" 

£80 

£112  0  dec. 

QaotBtloDB  Bnpplled  by— 


a  Q.  Boor  &  (3o. 

b  The  British  Alumlnlnm  Co.,  Ltd, 

c  Tbos.  Bolton  &  Sons,  Ltd. 

d  Frederick  Smith  &  Co. 

e  F.  Wiggins  4  Sons. 

f IndlaBubber,   Ontta-Peroha    and 

Telegraph  Works  Co,,  Ltd: 
g  James  &  ShakRpcare, 
b  Edward  Till  4  Co,  | 


/  Boiling  &  Lowa. 

k  Morris  Ashby,  Ltd. 

/  Richard  Johnson  4  Nephew,  Ltd, 

m  W,  T.  Glover  4  Co.,  Ltd, 

a  P.  Ormiston  4  Bona 

o  Johnson,  Matthey  4  Oo,,  Ltd 

p 

rW.  F,  Dennis  4  (30. 


W.    T.  Glover  &  Co.,    Ltd.— Tlie    directors  (i-ays  the 

Financier)  have  declared  a  dividend  for  the  year  of  .'5  per  cent,  per 
annum  on  both  the  cumulative  preference  shares  and  the  ordinary 
shares,  and  in  addition  a  bonus  of  2 -J  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary 
share.".  They  also  recommend  the  allocation  of  £6,600  to  the 
debenture  redemption  fund  and  the  transfer  of  fij.OOO  to  the 
reserve  fund,  carrying  forward  about  £H,OCO.  The  first  mortgage 
debenture  redemption  fund  will  then  stand  at  £33,000,  the 
second  mortgage  debenture  redemption  fund  at  £24,000,  and  the 
reserve  fund  at  £20,000. 

Continental. — Franck. — A  new  company  Las  lately 
been  formed  in  Paris  (24,  Boulevard  des  Capucines)  with  a  capital 
of  .£48,000,  and  the  title  La  Socict(' des  Ateliers  de  Constructions 
Electriques  de  Delle, 


Vol,  7L'.     No.  1;K:(S,  Fkhuiiaky  1 1,  litl:!.  1 


'in*:  laiKCTiucAFi  i(i;viKW. 


273 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELECTRICAL     COMPANIES 


ENttLIHU    ELECTRICITY    8UPPLT    AND   POWER   COMPAMEH. 


MAHB. 


Bonrnemonth  ft  Poole,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    44%Pref 

Do.    Booond  6  %  Pref. 

Do.     44  %  Hob.  Btook  . . 
Brompton  &  KonaiiiKton,  Ord... 

Do.     7%  Cum.  I'rot 

Oentrsl  Klootric  Btipply,  4  % ) 

Ouar.  Dob,  I 

OhkrInK  CroBB,  Wont  End  ft  City 

Do.    4i%0um.  Pref 

Do.     "  City     UnderUkIng  "  1 
4)  %  Cam.  Prel.  J 

Do.  Do.  4%  Dob 

CheUea,  Ord 

Do.    44%  Dob 

City  o(  London,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    B  %  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Booond  Deb. 
Connty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    4J  %  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb. 
Edmundson's,  Ord. 

Do.    B  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6%  NonCum.  Pref.      .. 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb,  . . 
Folkestone 

Do.    6  %  Com.  Pref 

Do.    44%  First  Deb 

Hove 


Stock 

DlTldendB 

Share. 

(or 

* 

1911. 

1913. 

10 
10 

SI 

Bt 
*>l 

10 

« 

« 

Btock 

«A 

Jt 

6 

10 

e 

7 

7 

100 

4 

4 

6 

B 

Bt 

5 

44 

«4 

( 

*i 

*i 

100 

4 

4 

6 

B 

4t 

Btock 

1^ 

H 

10 

H 

nt 

10 

K 

R 

Stock 

B 

B 

100 

44 

H 

10 

6 

4t 

10 

R 

« 

Stock 

M 

Jl 

Stock 

4. 

£'.i 

NJi 

6 

Nil 

3 

6 

100 

ill 

H 

B 

fi 

6 

E 

B 

B 

100 

*h 

4* 

B 

9 

8t 

Cloilng 
Qootatlona 
Feb.  nth. 


94—  10, 

sj— 

10  —  1 

9«  —  !I8 


<a-  B4 
44-  4  J 
Bj-  4a 

93  —  94 

96  -  99 
17  —     184 

134-  1S4 

116  —120 
ICO  —102 
11*-  12 

US-  124 

104  —106 
!)8  -101 

If:  48'"' 

18-  13 

E2  —  85 
48-  64 
4&-    64 

90  —  93 
74-     8 


Rlie 

Preienl 

+  or 

TIeld 

Fkll 

p.e. 

— 

*  1.  d. 

S    4    9 

4  13    4 

B  14     B 

4  11  10 

B    6    8 

8  17    9 

4     1    8 

4  17    7 

4  13    4 

B    2  10 

4    n    1 

4  J.-i    :l 

4  10  11 

+  i 

4    6    6 

4    9    0 

4    8    4 

4    8    8 

6    0    0 

4  19    U 

4    4  11 

4    8    8 

Nil 

6  's  11 

6  17     1 

4  17    7 

4  17  10 

B  12    6 

■Am. 


EenilDKtonftEnlfblabrldga,Ord  ' 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  Bloc.  Power,  44  %  Deb. 
London  Klcolrlo,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    8  %  Prof 

Do.    4  %  First  Hort.  Deb. 
Metropolitan 

Do.    44  %  Cnm.  Pref. . . 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb. 

Do.    84  %  Mort.  Dob. .. 

Midland   Elootrlo  Corporation  )  I 

44  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  /  I 

Hewoastle-onTyne  B  %  Pref.,  ] 

NonOom. ) 

North  Metropolitan  Power  Bap- 1 

ply,  B  %  Mortgages  (Red.) ) 

Notting    Hill,    6  %  Non-Cnm. ) 

Pref.] 

Oxford  

Bt.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Smithfleld  Markets,  Ord. 
Sonth  London,  Ord 

Do.    E  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    .. 
South  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref... 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Stock  .. 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    44%FirstMort.  Deb.  .. 
Westminster,  Ord, 

Do.    44%  Cam.  Pref 


Iloek 

DtTldends 

Btasr*. 

lot 

1 
1     • 

1911. 

1913. 

'        6 

9 

Ht 

Block 

4 

4 

1  Stock 
B 

51 

H 

E 

6 

«   ' 

Block 

4 

4 

B 

4 

4) 

6 

4 

4 

Btock 

4 

4 

:  Btock 

8 

B 

100 

ti 

*i 

6 

E 

100 

E 

ID 

6 

E 

71 

6i 

E 

10 

101 

B 

T 

100 

84 

84 

6 

3 

4 

B 

100 

B 

1 

7 

100 

4* 

44 

£3 

Nil 

B 

3 

100 

44 

t\ 

E 

10 

E 

44 

44 

Cloilng 
Qoolalloni 
Feb.  lllb. 


7»-     81 
90  —  eSxd 
76  —  80  irl 

14-     3 

n  —  ea 

H9  —  92 

Jfl  44 
1-7  -iro 

84  —  86 

98  -  101 

41-    42 

994-1C24 
9J-  103 
61-  8B 
H-  «« 
Hi-    7i 

84  —  87 

i-    li 

21-    ffj 

97  —100 

U-  H 
96  —  99 

»P    84 

85-88 


RIm   Prtael 
I  ■»■  or  I   yUI4 


4  1.  d. 

E  10  e 
i  4  n  0 
'  (  la   6 

8  15    0 
6  II     7 

4  7    0 
BOO 

5  0  0 
i  4  10    0 

4     16 

4  9  1 
;  S    3    7 


.^8  11 
4  16  7 
4    0    6 


6    3    0 

E    8     1 


COLONIAL  AND  FOBEION  ELECTRICITY  SUPPLY  AND  POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pref 

Calcutta,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  1st  Mort.  BdB. 
Canadian  Qen.  El.  Com. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and  T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Bleo.  Lt.  and  P.  of  Oocbabamba, ) 

6  %  Bonds  I 

Eleo.  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  Ist ) 

Mort.  Deb.  I 

Bleo.  Dev.   Ontario,  6    %    Ist) 

Mort.  Bonds  J 

Ealgoorlle  Eleo.  P,  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Eaminlstiqula  Power,B%  Q.  Bb. 

Madras,  Ord.  

Melbourne,  6  %  Ist  Mort,  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  bt.,  6%  1st  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt.  ft  Power,  Common 

Do.    7  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    E  %  Ist  Mori,  aold  Bds. 


E 

fi 

fi 

S 

8* 

7t 

6 

6 

B 

100 

B 

B 

$100 

7 

7 

$100 

7 

7 

1 

8 

5 

100 

6 

5 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

E 

$600 

6 

6 

10/. 

Nil 

1 

ft 

« 

$600 

6 

6 

E 

Nil 

100 

E 

6 

$100 

i\ 

$100 

1 

6 

m-    6^ 
92  —  94 
116  -120 
120  —124 


90  -  93 
964-  974 

1::  t 

1C2  —104 
11-    li 

101  -104 
844—  664 
80-84 

105  - 109 
94J—  964 


6    6    8 

6  19    4 

4  16    5 

6    6    6 

6  16    8 

5  13    0 

5    6    8 

6     1     0 

6    6    4 

5    7    6 

5    3    7 

Nil 

9  15    2 

4  16    2 

4  16    3 

6  16    7 

-2 

4  15     3 

6    8    5 

-4 

6    3    8 

Monterey  Bly.  Light  ft  Power, ) 

5  %  1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power   . . 

Northern.  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal, ) 

6  %  1st  Mort.  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Roy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  I 

1st  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Sbawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con,  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb. 
Vera  Cruz  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  B  % ) 
iBt  Mort.  Deb.  / 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 
West  Eootenay  Power  and  LI., ) 
let  Mort.  6  %  Qold  / 


100 

E 

B 

$100 

8 

9t 

$500 

B 

5a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

6 

6 

Do. 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

$100 

6 

5 

$600 

6 

6 

Stock 
Do. 

S 

n 

100 

6 

6 

1 

lip. 

17W. 

100 

6 

6 

1 

85-83 

—1 

240  -245  xd 

10  —  20 

217  —227 

106  —111 

100  —102 

100  — 1C2 

141  —148 

-4 

106  —108 

1004-1024 

984—1004 

91  —  94 

.^3-   a 

105  —107 

+  1 

6  13    8 
8  13    5 


4  18 
4    8 

3  7 

4  12 


7 
7 
7  10 
9    7 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amaion  Telegraph 

Do,    6%  Deb,  Red 

American  Telep.  ft  Teleg,,  Cap. 

Do.    Collat,  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    Def 

Anglo  •  Portuguese    Tel,,  6  %l 
Mort,  Deb,  J 

Ohlll  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Stlg,  4%  Deb, 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do,     10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do,    10  %  Cum,  Pref 

Direct  Dnited  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg,  Deb, ) 
Bastem  Telegraph,  Ord,  Stock 

Do.    84%  Pref.  Stock.. 

Do.    4%  Mort,  Deb.    ..        .. 
Bastern  Extension  .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  B.   Africa  Tel.   4  %) 
Mt.  Db.  Manrltins  Bab.  J 
Qlobe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    8  %  Prel 

Qreat  Northern  Telegraph 
Indo-Enropoan  Telegraph        . , 
Mackay  Companies  Common  .. 

Do.    4  %  Cum.  Prel 

Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    1  %  Cam.  PaiUc.  Pref. 


10 

4 

44t 

Btock 

6 

$100 

8 

$1000 

4 

Stock 

8 

Do. 

A 

Do. 

80/- 

100 

E 

6 

7 

Btock 

4 

10 

6 

10 

10 

10 

B 

4 

4+ 

E 

10 

10 

10 

6 

100 

44 

Stock 

7 

Do. 

84 

Do. 

4 

10 

7 

Stock 

4 

95 

4 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

18 

18 

SB 

13 

$100 

5 

$100 

4 

1 

tiU 

1 

17 

6    0    0 

5    0    6 

5  17    3 

4    6    0 

4    8  11 

6    7    7 

-A 

6    1    S 

4  16    3 

6    3    3 

—1 

6    0    0 

6    9    9 

5  17    8 

6    6    8 

7    2  10   ! 

6  15    7 

4    9    0 

5    3    8 

4    7    6 

4    18 

6    8    8 

4    2    6 

8  19    8 

6  10    4 

4  18    2 

5  18    0 

6  10    3 

5  12    4 

5  11     1 

-i-s 

4     7    9 

4    5    0 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

National  Telephone  Def. 

New  York  Telep.,  44% Gen.  BndB. 

Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo. 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4  %  Red.  Deb 

Paoifio  and  European  Tel.,  4  %  ] 
Qaar.  Debs.  J 

Renter's       

Submarine  Cables  Trust  .. 

Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  %  1 
Deb.  Bed./ 
Dnited  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    5  %  Cum.  Pref.    . . 
West  Coast  of  America  , . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to  1,500) 

guar,  by  Bras.  Bob.  Tel.  / 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  1st  Pref. 

Do.    8  %  Cam.  9nd  Pref. 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

6 

8t 

1 

E 

E 

Btock 

A 

100 

44 

44 

1 

8 

6t 

1 

6 

6 

Block 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

10+ 

Cert. 

6 

6 

Stock 

44 

44 

6 

8 

6 

E 

6 

i>4 

34 

100 

4 

4 

10 

10 

f 

^r 

10 

6 

6 

100 

B 

E 

10 

7 

7t 

Stock 

4 

4 

$1000 

44 

44 

974-  994 


7rV-  7H 
51-  k 
lA-  lA 
95-98 

94-  10 
101  —108 

134-  185 

94  —  96 
974-1004 


S  18  0 
S  14    8 

4  io  8 
4  9  10 
4  18  6 
4    8  11 

4  0  5 
8  10  3 
4  13    4 


B  4  1 
4  8  11 
4    0    0 


4  17 
6     3 


'Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  tally  paid. 


a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants. 


t  Interim  Dividend. 


t  88.  in  Funded  Dividend  Cert*. 


C0t4TINVED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


274  THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,  [voi.  12.  No.  1,8:18,  febkuary  u,  1913. 

SHARE    LIST    OF    ELECTRICAL    COMFANIES.-(C»MtiM««i.) 

ELECTBIC   BAILWAT8   AND   TBAICW AT8.— HOME. 


HAHB. 


Bkth  Tranu,  Pret.  Ord 

Do.    6%Pref 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Brit.  Eleo.  Trao.,  6  %  Pref.     . . 
Do.        Do.  Deferred 

Do.         6%Cum.Pr'f. 
7%  Non-Cum.  Pr'f. 
6^,Perp.  Deb.      .. 
4i  %  and  Deb.       . . 
Csntral  London  Railway,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Def 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

City  &  Bonth  London,  Ord, 
Do.    6%  Pref.,  1891    .. 
Do.         1896    .. 
Do.         1901     .. 
Do.         1908    .. 

4%  Deb 

Dublin  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 
Qreat  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Bastings  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4*  %  Deb 

Ble  of  Thanet  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Lanoashlre  United,  E  %  Deb.  . . 

London  Eleo.  Railw'ys,  4  %  Deb. 

London  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Stock 

Dlrtdends 

Share. 

for 

. 

1911. 

1912. 

I 

Nil 

Nil 

I 

6 

6 

100 

4^ 

100 

100 

100 

6 

100 

100 

S 

100 

M 

100 

8 

100 

4 

100 

S 

100 

4 

100 

19 

IJI 

100 

6 

100 

6 

100 

6 

100 

6 

100 

4 

10 

6 

10 

Nil 

Nil 

1 

fi 

100 
6 

t 

V> 

100 

4 

100 

6 

100 

4 

10 

Nil 

100 

4 

Oloelng 
Qaotatlons 
Feb.  nth. 


lOi-  H4 
44-    64 


864-  394 
91  —  96 


77 


81 


81  —  83 
84-86 
81  —  83 
98  —100 
874-  384 
107  -109 
107  — 1C9 
107  -109 
107  —109 
i)7  —  99 
12  —  13 

gS"—  ii 

24-  38 
75-80 
78-80 
95  —  97 

4i-  64 
69  —  72 


Rise 

+  or 
Fall 


-2 
-2 
-3 
-2 
-1 

+  i 


Present 
TIeld 
P.O. 


»  a.  d. 

NU 
6    8    1 

6  11     1 


6    6  3 

6  7  3 
8  12  8 
4  13  0 

3  8  3 

4  0  0 

sue 

4  11  9 

4  11  9 

4  11  9 

4  11  <) 

4    0  10 

4  12  4 

Nil 

7  7  8 
6  1  7 
4  16  8 


Metropolitan  Railway  Ooniol. . . 

Do.     Burplas  Lands     . . 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Do.    8i%Pref 

Do.    B*%Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  Distriot  Ord> 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4  %  Prior  Lien    . , 

Do.    44%  First  Pref 

Do.    84%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

South  bletro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground     Eleo.    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Com.  Inc.  Deb 

Do.    44%  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    44%  Deb 


Stock 

DlTldends 

Share. 

for 

• 

1911. 

1913. 

100 

I 

lA 

100 

9: 

3  t 

100 

8 

8 

100 

B 

8 

100 

8 

8 

100 

Ni 

Ni 

100 

6 

6 

100 

4 

4 

100 

4 

4 

100 
100 

a 

t 

1 

6 

6+ 

1 

6 

6 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

6 

1 

84 

1 

6 

6 

100 

*k 

44 

1 

6 

100 

4 

4 

10 

,, 

,, 

1/- 

.. 

100 

6 

100 

*i 

»l 

100 

M 

f.  t 

6 

Nil 

6 

» 

«t 

100 

4 

4 

Oloslng 
Qaotat  ens 
Feb.  11th. 


684—  64  xd 
61  —  63  xd 
86  —  f8 
es  —  85  xd 
83  —  86  xd 
40*—  41 
189-141  • 

93  —  95 
99  —101 
89  —  91 

75  —  77  xd 

89  —  92 

94  —  97 

A-     f> 
8-     i 

85  —  88 

44-  43 

\i-  \ 
1114— 11.S4 

98  —100 
95-96 

80  —  84 


Rise 

+  or 
FaU 


+  i 


-i 


-J 

+  A 


RLECTBICAL  BAILWAT8   AND  TBAHWATS.-COLONIAL  AND  FOBEION. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trmms,  Ist  Pref,     ,. 

Do.    and  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    E%I)eb 

Aackland  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Elec.  B.  i.  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44  %  Deb 

Do.     6  %  2nd  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  \ 

Power  I 

Brisbane  Trams  Inrt.,  Ord,     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B,  Colombia  Eleo.  RI7.,  Def.    .. 

Do,     Pref.  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4*  %  let  Mort.  Deb.      . . 

Do.    44  %  Vancoaver  Deb.    .. 

Do.    4|  %  Con.  Deb 

OaloDtta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Oape  Eleotrio  Trams 

City  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Colombo  Eleo.  Tr.&Lt.,  6%  Deb. 
Havana  Eleo.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Ealgoorlle  Eleo.  Trams  . . 

Do,    6%  A  Deb 

Do.    6%BDeb 


6 

^ 

'A 

100 

4 

4 

100 

<4 

44 

100 

6 

h 

100 

6 

6 

10 

6 

A 

100 

^ 

<4 

100 

5 

6 

sioo 

6+ 

6 

8 

8t 

6 

6 

6 

100 

*h 

ih 

100 

8 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

40 

4 

^ 

100 

4 

*h 

100 

4 

4? 

6 

7 

5+ 

6 

6 

6 

100 

1 

^ 

4 

6 

6 

5t 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

R 

tiooo 

6 

5 

1 

Nil 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

8 

4i-     54 

6    7    4 

4A-  m 

6  14    8 

984-  954 

4    8    9 

99  -101 

4    9     1 

984-1004 

4  in    6 

101  —103 

4  17     1 

11  -  12 

5    0    0 

96  -  98 

4  11  10 

97-99 

5     1     0 

99  -101 

-24 

7-74 

+  i 

6    6     3 

il-    5i 

.. 

4  15    3 

100  -103 

4    7    5 

140  -144 

—1 

6  11     1 

120  —  124xd 

4  Ifi    9 

iC6  —109 

+  1 

4  11     9 

100  —103 

4    7    5 

101  -103 

4     7    5 

97  -100 

4    6    0 

53-    6i 

6  12    0 
4  17    7 

97  —100 

4  10    0 

64-    sf 

+"tV 

4  'e  U 

97  -100 

6    0    0 

93-97 

6    8    1 

99  -108 

4  17    1 

iv-     A 

Nil 

88-88 

6  18    8 

80  —  40 

La  Plata  Eleo.  Trma,  Ord, 

Do.    Pref 

Lisbon  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Eleo.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb,  . . 
Manaos  Trams  &  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Gen.  Con.  6  %  Bonds    .. 

Do.    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys.  &  LI,,  Ord.     . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W.A.)  Eleo.  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  Ist.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Sap.,  Pref. .. 

Do.    44%  Ist  Deb 

Rio  de  Janeiro  Trame,  1st  Mort. ) 
5  %  Bonds  / 

Do.    6  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Sao  Panlo  Tram,  Lt.  and  P. ) 
6  %  Ist  Deb. ; 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Boatbern  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  6  %  Deb. 
Un.  Eleo.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo.  Rly„  4}  %  Deb, 


1 

Nil 

..1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

fit 

I 

6 

» 

100 

E 

6 

100 

5 

6 

100 

6 

E 

$1000 

E 

6 

$100 

7 

Tt 

6 

fi 

100 

« 

R 

6 

10 

lot 

6 

« 

A 

100 

6 

fi 

1 

5 

64 

100 

6 

6 

6 

A 

A 

100 

4 

44 

6 

fi 

100 

E 

6 

9600 

6 

E 

100 

E 

6 

100 

E 

E 

E 

7 

fit 

E 

« 

fi 

100 

E 

6 

100 

«4 

4i 

1-  ij 

91  —  96 

101  —108 
87  —  90 

1004-1024 
109  —112 

95  —  97 
100  —102 

74—  8 
4i-  61 
984—1004 

lA-  IJi 

105  —108 

6i-  6J 

97  —  99 

102  — 1C3 

96  —  98 
104  —106 

86  —  90 

97  -99  xd 
5i—  53 

4-  51 
99  —103 
100  —103 


+  i 


MANIIFACTUBIN6  COMPANIES. 


AroD,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Baboock  &  Wlloox 

Do.    Pref 

British  Aluminium,  Ord. 

Do,    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  Btk 

B.I.  A  Belsby  Cablet      .. 

Do,    Pref,  

Do.    Deb 

British  Tbomson-HoostoD,  Deb. 
British  Westlnghoose,  Pref,    . . 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien    . . 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do.    Pref.  

Bni8h,7%Pref 

Do,    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     . . 

Do.    41%  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Beoonu  Deb. 
Callender's  Cable 

Do.    Fref.  

Do.    Deb 

Uastner-Eellner 

Do,    Deb 


6 

h-    I 

6 
98 

B 
14t 

^4 

+  A 

A 

6 

18-  li 

Nil 

!=  \ 

Nil 

100 

E 

fi 

91  -  94 

100 

6 

B 

37-90 

+  1 

fi 

10 

Hf 

63-    ^xd 

fi 

8 

« 

100 

I 

*h 

102  —104 

100 
8 

A 

'%''i 

+  i 

10(1 

4 

4 

68  —  6! 

100 

6 

6 

100  —108 

1 

a/--«/- 

1 

4/A-fi;. 

a 

Nil 

Nil 

0-    i 

100 

fi 

fi 

73  —  78 

100 

^ 

t 

40  —  4B 

-7 

100 

28-82 

6 

IB 

lot 

11  —  113 
4i-    6j 

fi 

fi 

fi 

100 

M 

*h 

97  —100 

I 

30^ 

20 

8}4-  m 

100 

4 

*i 

103  —106  xd 

-2 

Nil 
11     3 

16  6 
Nil 
Nil 
NU 

8    3 

0  0 

1  4 
7    8 

17  7 


Orompton  A  Go.    ..       .. 

Do.    Deb 

Dlok,  Kerr 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Edison  A  Swan,  A,  <8  paid 

Do.    fully  paid  .. 

Do,    4  %  Deb 

Do.    6  %  Second  Deb, 
Electric  Constrnotlon    .. 

Do.    Pref 

Oreenwood  A  Batley,  Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

Qeneral  Electric,  Pref.  . . 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Dob 

India-Bubber,  Q.  A  T.    . . 

Do.    Pref 

Telegraph  Construction., 

Do.    Deb 

Wlllans  A  Robinson 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 


h-   1 

65  —  67 

1z  1' 

95-  98 

x=.| 

61  -  65 

72-75 

lA-   lA 

1—    2xd 

7-    8 

93  —  94 

9J-  lOJ 

90-95 

18-  m 

+  i 

101  —108 

10—  11 

9J-  101 

86-  87 

-*-  h 

964-  984 

K  t 

67  —  69 

Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.     \  Interim  dividend. 


Bank  rate  of  Discount  6  i>«r  cent..  Octobar  17th.  19)2. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8;irt,  kkmhuauvu,  loiM.i     THE    ELECTRICAfj    KKVIEW. 


2ir, 


THE    LOWEST    TENDER. 


TiiK  nsiuil  system,  almost  iiiviuiivbly  iidoptt'd,  of  jjlucinj; 
contractu  with  the  lowest  tenderer,  thoii;^'h  doubtless  the 
simplest,  is  often  not  tlic  best  cither  for  the  customer  or  the 
contractor.  A  small  l)ut  recent  e.xaniiilc  of  its  defects  is 
characteristic.  A  small  (^onntry-honsc  job,  comprisiiij^  a 
6-R.ir.i'.  oil  engine  of  spcciliod  make,  dynamo,  ;!">0-a.h. 
battery,  switchboard,  main  cable,  and  wiring  in  screwed  con- 
duit for  some  r.'O  lights,  was  tendered  for  by  four  firms. 
Three  were  firms  of  repute,  specialising  in  country-lioiise 
work  ;  and  their  tenders  were  respectively  C'J.').S,  £122  and 
£H!)7 — keen  competitive  prices.  The  fourth  tender  was 
sent  in  by  a  local  firm  of  "  electrical  contractors,"  and  their 
])rice  was  l'2.so.  And  they  went  one  better  than  the  speci- 
fication by  oifering  a  larger  battery  and  a  direct-coupled 
instead  of  a  belt-driven  set. 

.  It  is  obvious  that  the  successful  tenderers — needless  to  say, 
the  local  firm  got  the  contract — have  either  made  a  big  mis- 
take which  will  result  in  a  serious  loss,  or  it  is  their 
deliberate  intention  to  scamp  their  work  and  hoodwink  the 
consultant — not  a  difficult  thing  to  do,  as  a  rule.  Such  is 
the  case  too  often,  when  contracts  are  placed  with  the 
lowest  tenderer,  who  finds  himself  faced  with  the  aJteruative 
of  a  loss  on  the  job  or  a  profit  at  the  expense  of  his 
employers'  interests. 

A  better  system  is  not  inconceivable.  Kach  tender  sub- 
mitted is  necessarily  nothing  more  than  the  tenderer's 
appro.ximation  to  the  true  cost,  plus  a  definite  profit.  Ft  is 
a  mathematical  axiom  that  the  average  of  a  number  of 
approximations  will  tend  to  be  more  correct  than  any  indi- 
vidual approximation.  Obviously,  then,  if,  instead  of 
placing  a  contract  with  the  lowest  tenderer — who,  as  often 
as  not,  is  the  lowest  tenderer  because  he  has  made  a  mistake 
— it  were  given  to  the  tenderer  whose  price  was  closest 
to  the  average  of  all  the  prices  submitted,  the  chances 
are  it  would  be  secured  by  the  tenderer  whose  price  was 
the  fairest  for  the  work  required.  He  would  thus  gain  a 
reasonable  profit,  and  would  have  no  incentive  to  save  money 
on  the  quality  of  his  work  at  the  expense  of  the  employer. 
At  the  same  time,  prices  would  be  no  less  competitive 
than  at  present,  as  clearly  the  man  who  quoted  an  inflated 
price  would  stand  as  little  chance  of  success  as  he  who 
quoted  too  low  a  figure.  Indeed,  prices  would  tend  to 
become  more  reasonable  in  all  cases.  The  "  cutter  "  would 
not  cut,  because  he  would  know  it  would  be  useless,  and  the 
man  who  now  submits  a  high  price  rather  than  risk  getting  the 
job  at  an  unprofitable  figure,  would  be  inclined  to  quote 
lower  than  he  would  otherwise,  knowing  that,  if  he  got  the 
job  at  all,  it  would  be  at  a  fair  figure. 

In  the  example  given,  above,  the  sum  of  the  four  tenders 
is  £1,552,  which,  divided  by  the  number  of  tenderers,  gives 
an  average  of  £388.  The  successful  tenderer,  had  the 
method  outlined  herein  been  adopted,  would  have  been  he 
who  quoted  £397,  which,  on  the  face  of  it,  is  a  fair  price — 
albeit  not  a  "  fat "  one — and  one  which  would  enable  him 
to  give  the  employer  better  value  for  his  money  than  he  is 
likely  to  get  from  the  lowest  tenderer. 

To  take  another  instance  -.  an  asylum  wiring  job  recently  ad- 
vertised for  public  tender.  The  results  were  published  in  the 
technical  papers.  Thirty-two  firms  competed,  comprising 
some  of  the  best  known  London  firms,  with  others  of  less 
repute.  Prices  ranged  from  £2,304  to  £987,  and  the  con- 
tract was  given  to  a  firm  whose  price  was  £993.    • 

The  average  of  these  tenders  is  £1,398,  and .  the  nearest 
tender  to  this  figure  was  one  of  £1,400.  Twenty-two  out 
of  the  32  tenders  were  within  20  per  cent,  of  the  average. 
The  architect's  estimate  was  £1,270.  The  highest  tender 
was  nearly  £1,000  more  than  the  average,  and  the  lowest 
more  than  £500  less. 

Clearly  it  is  unreasonable  to  suppose  that  the  figure  which 
secured  the  order  was  the  correct  one,  and  that  the  22  firms 
who  quoted  figures  approximating  to  the  average — £500 
higher — were  all  wrong.  It  is  more  probable  that  the  lower 
tenders  represent  mistakes  as  great  in  one  direction  as  those 
made  by  the  tenderers  who  submitted  prices  of  £2,000  and 
more.  Consequently  it  is  more  than  likely  the  successful 
contractor  has  found  himself  faced  with  the  usual  deplorable 
alternative,  of  either  suffering  himself,  or  making  the 
employer  suffer. 


It  Ih  too  much  U>  hufw  that  Hnch  an  equiUilili-  systom  of 
<;h(K)Kiiig  tc'uderH  iw  that  herein  outlined  will  Ix;  adopu-fl  by 
I)ul>lic  bodies,  who  arc  notoriouHly  c<in«'ifnwle«H.  ft  would 
be  something  if  they  could  Im  induwd  to  nile  out  thoM 
tenders  which  are  so  much  less  tlian  th<:  average  an  to 
sliow  they  arc  based  on  either  a  mistake  or  a  delilK-ratc 
intention  to  evade  the  siiccifitaition.  As  it  is.  contrac-t* 
arc  too  oft<'n  jjlaccd  on  obvioaii|y  erroneoug  pricfB,  the 
soulless  public  body  caring  nonu'ht  for  the  lf««  which  the 
contractor  must  inevitably  suffer  if  their  eiiginc«;r,  on  whom 
they  rely  to  see  that  thesfx'citicution  is  properly  carried  oat,  is 
snccessful  in  enforcing  it.    Which  he  very  rarely  is. — H.  H.  T. 


AN    APPARATUS    FOR    SIGNALLING 
THUNDERSTORMS. 


[hv  our   hkhm.v  COKUESPONDKNT.J 


TiiK  first  attempt  to  investigate  atmospheric  discharges  by  a 
method  related  to  radio-telegraphy — viz.,  by  means  of  a 
Branly  tube  or  coherer — was  made  as  far  back  as  1895-6 
by  the  Russian  physicist.  Prof.  Popoff.  An  insulated  aerial 
wire  directly  connected  to  one  pole  of  the  coherer  was  used 
in  this  connection,  the  other  pole  (in  accordance  with  a 
practice  later  adopted  by  ^larconi)  being  joined  to  the 
ground.  Prof.  Popoff  thus  was  able  to  ascertain  that  atmos- 
pheric discharges,  on  account  of  their  oscillatory  character, 
would  excite  the  coherer,  thus  enabling  thunderstorms  to 
be  recorded  by  means  of  a  Morse  apparatus  or  bell  signal. 

On  the  same  principle  is  based  the  storm  indicator 
designed  by  the  Telefunken  Co.,  but  the  arrangement  of  con- 
nections differs  considerably  from  the  original  plan. 

As  seen  from  fig.  2,  a  spark  gap  f  and  a  coil  s  connected 
up  to  the  earth  conductor  e  are  inserted  into  the  aerial 
wire  I..  The  coherer  f  r  and  a  blocking  condenser  c  are 
arranged  in  parallel  with  the  coil,  the  relay  circuit,  which 
comprises  the  cell  and  the  relay  coils  sr,  lieing  branched 
off,  as  usual,  from  the  condenser.     The  secondary  circuit 


Fig.  1, 


Flu.  2. 


of  the  relay  contains  a  battery  b,  which,  on  the  relay 
contact  being  completed,  actuates  a  tapper  k  and  a 
recording  apparatus  (in  •  the  present  case  a  single-stroke 
bell  a).  ^ 

The  spark  gap  having  been  adjusted  to  a  spark  distance 
of  a  few  tenths  of  a  millimetre,  a  series  of  sparks  will  pass, 
thus  exciting  the  coherer  and  sounding  the  bell  as  soon  as 
there  are  any  charging  phenomena  in  the  atmosphere. 
Feeble  atmospheric  accumulations,  that  is  to  say.  far  distant 
thunderstorms,  will  result  in  a  slow  charging  of  the  aerial 
wire,  and  accordingly  in  the  passage  of  sparks  at  considerable 
intervals.  Since  the  signal  bell  is  soimded  in  the  very  rhythm 
of  spark  discharges,  the  sequence  of  sound  allows  the  distance 
of  the  thunderstorm  from  the  recording  apjiaratns  to  be 
gauged.  In  the  place  of  the  single-stroke  bell,  a  Jlorse 
recorder  with  self-disengaging  paper  tape  can  he  connected 
up  to  the  apparatus,  thus  marking  each  passage  of  a  spark  by 
a  point  on  the  tape.  If  the  sj^eed  at  which  the  paper  is 
unwound  be  known,  the  distance  of  the  thunderstorm  can  be 
gauged  by  measuring  up  the  paper  tape  and  comiting  the 
number  of  points  recorded  thereon. 


276 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.72.   No.  i.sss,  FEBRUABy  u,  1913. 


GRAPHS   IN    A    CABLE-SHIP   DRUM-ROOM 
NOTES    FOR   JUNIOR   ASSISTANTS. 


Bt  EDWARD  RA'i'MOND-BARKER. 


{Concluded  from  page  240.) 
86.  When  the  writer  contrived  a  device  which,  by  means 
of  the  relative  movements  of   two  co-adjacent  logarithmic 
scale  lines,  would  indicate  cable  slack  percentages  straight 


centre  is  utilised  for — inter  alia — a  useful  table  at  once 
recognised  as  relating  to  matter  dealt  with  in  40,  viz.,  taut- 
wire  measuring-wheel  reva.  per  min.,  and  equivalents  in  n.m. 
per  hour. 

s8.  An  over-lying  movable  logarithmically-scaled  disc  of 
transparent  celluloid,  with  all  graduations  and  figures 
inscribed  in  bright  red,  moves  concentrically  over  a  lower 
cardboard  disc  similarly  graduated  and  figured  in  hlarlc. 

8!i.  Thus,  the  black  figures  and  scale  lines  on  the  lower 
disc  are  seen  through  the  upper  and  transparent  disc,  which 
is    inscribed    with    red    figures    and    scale     lines.       This 


Pig.  8a. 


Fig.  8j>. 


off,  he  naturally  found  that  it  developed,  in  the  main,  into 
an  ordinary  logarithmic  disc  calculator,  though  one  with 
novel  constructional  features. 

.H7.  Figs.  8a  and  8b  show  a  home-made  hand-inscribed 
experimental  form   of    transparent  disc  calculator  (13  in. 


facilitates  quick  coincidence  of  any  scale-division  on  the 
upper  disc  with  any  on  the  under-lying  disc,  the  upper-disc 
red  figures  contrasting  sharply  with  the  lower-disc  black 
ones. 

90.  Also,  the  relation  of  one  set  of  scale  divisions  to  the 


Fio.  9a 


Fig.  9b. 


diameter)  ;  8a  shows  the  upper  and  transparent  disc,  with 
its  index  set  to  unitij  ;  815  shows  index  set  to  10  per  cent. 
The  spare  space  between  the  working  parts  and  the  disc 


other  can  be  observed,  not  only  between  the  outer  and  inner 
divided  scales,  as  is  ordinarily  done,  but — owing  to  the 
transparency  of  the  upper  disc — right  throvgh  the  upper  set 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8.sH,  fbuhuaut  H,  191-1.1    THK    ELECTRICAL    REVDiW. 


277 


of  red  figures  and  loale  divisions,  to  tlie  black  scale-lines  of 
the  under-lying  cardboard  disc  on  which  the  upper  disc  is 
superimposed.  In  this  cusc,  therefore,  compiiriaon  is  made 
between  circular  logiirithuiic  scales  of  equal  circumference, 
instead  of  Ixitween  an  outer  circle  and  a  smaller  inner 
circle. 

91.  The  Jdack  figun-s  on  the  lower  disc;  re|)resent  iiibh' 
values  ;  the  ri'd  on  the  upper  transparent  disc,  the  Inut- 
mre. 

E.xample.— (See  fig.  8«.) 

By  turning  the  upper  disc  on  its  centre,  let,  say,  7"(! 
{iaut-it'ire  knots)  be  set  to  8*;{G  (cii/i/c  knots).  The  red 
inde.x  on  the  upper  transparent  disc  will  then  point  to 
10  per  cent,  cable-elack,  shown  in  black  figures  on  the 
underlying  cardboard  disc. 

92.  Conversely,  granted  the  necessity  for,  say,  10  per 
cent,  cable  slack  over  any  particular  disUince,  on  the    index 


due  to  the  great  ditticuity  experienced  in  printing  red  on 
celluloid. 

97.  Figs.  Va.  and  9B  show  respectively  the  lower  (opaque) 
and  the  up[)cr  (transparent)  working  di»>cs. 

'.)H.  Fig.  10  shows  the  entire  tranHjiarent  disc  calculator 
niount<;d  in  a  wfXHlen  cawr,  op<;ned  out  on  hinges,  t/t  exnmi 
the  calculator  and  some  tabulaU.'d  (ignrcs  already  referred  to. 
(See  H7.) 

99.  Ex|)erience  goes  to  show  that  a  very  reliable  wilculaUjr 
of  this  kind  could  Ikj  made  with  its  up{Xir  disc  of  glass. 
The  engraved  lines  would  Ix;  on  the  lower  surface,  so  as  to  Im; 
in  close  contact  with  the  underlying  ojiaque  disc,  to  the 
avoidance  of  parallax.  I'nfortunately,  glass  work  of  this 
kind  iif  very  costly. 

100.  There  remains  celluloid.  This  material,  however, 
under  the  heat  attending  the  process  of  printing  ismot  free 
from  molecular  changes  conducive  to  a  greater  or^  lf*s  degree 


Fro.  10, 


being  set  at  10  per  cent.,  all  relative  laiit-tcire  and  cable 
speed-rates — for  10  per  cent,  slack — will  be  found  set 
severally  to  each  other.     For  instance — 

8-5  knots  faut-u'ire  is  set  to  9-35  cable. 
7-G      „  „  „  8-36     „ 

5-5      „  „  „  6-05     „ 

93.  The  transparent-disc  calculators  here  illustrated  are 
not  seen  to  advantage,  as  the  prints,  of  course,  do  not  show 
the  striking:  contrast  between  the  black  and  the  red  scales 
and  figures. 

94.  A  transparent-disc  calculator  may  be  made  with 
inner  and  outer  circular  spaces  respectively  for  laut-wire- 
wheel  revs,  per  niin.  and  cffJ/e-drum  revs,  per  min.  These 
equivalents  would  be  in  line  with  their  several  scale-divisions, 
as  in  the  calculator  board,  fig.  7.  The  said  circular  spaces 
would  be  of  white  matt-surface  celluloid,  so  that  temporarily 
required  revs,  jjer  min.  could  be  pencilled  in,  to  be  erased, 
when  done  with,  at  the  end  of  an  expedition. 

95.  Or,  if  graph  methods  be  preferred  throughout,  a  disc 
calculator  for,  say,  all  Ihree  drums  on  a  given  ship,  may  have 
the  revs,  per  mm.  equivalents  permanently  recorded  ;  radiat- 
ing in  line  with  the  corresponding  scale-divisions.  In  that 
case,  the  correction  percentages  for  various  cable  circum- 
ferences would  be  obtained  from  the  curve  in  fig.  4,  applied 
by  slide-rule,  and  addition  to  the  drnm-reve.  per  min.  values. 
(See  38,  48  and  83.) 

96.  Figs.  9a,  9b  and  10  severally  show  the  detail  and  the 
general  appearance  of  a  transparent-disc  calculator  of  more 
or  less  standardised  form.  The  relative  positions  of  the 
black  and  the  red  series  of  scale-lines  and  figures  are  the 
reverse  of  those  in  figs.  8a  and  8b  ;  this  circumstance  being 


of  warping ;    so  success  in  this  direction  has  not  exactly 
reached  finality. 

101.  Enough  has  been  written  to  show  some  points  of 
interest  pertaining  to  graphs,  &c.,  in  the  drum  room.  The 
writer  hopes,  at  some  not  long-distant  date,  still  further  to 
develop  this  subject  in  fresh  directions. 


llDminiam  in  Eoropran  Electrical  I  ndertakin^s, 

— Accordiner  to  a  report  hy  M.  E.  D'Hoop,  Director  of  the  Technical 
Service  of  the  Brussels  Tramways  Co.,  presented  to  the  Christiania 
Congress  (1912)  of  the  Union  de  Tramways  et  de  Chemins  de  Fer 
d'lnt^i^t  Local,  the  use  of  aluminium  cables  in  Europe  is  developing  ; 
ei(fht  undertakings  have  them  in  use,  namely,  Copenhaeen  Muni- 
cipal Tramways,  Geneva  Tramways  Co.,  Lausanne  Tramway?. 
Lyons  Tramways  and  Omnibus  Co.,  Xnnmberg  Municipal  Tram- 
ways, Xogentais  (Paris)  Co.,  the  Paris  General  Omnibus  Co.,  and 
the  Sociele  Xationale  des  Chemins  de  Fer  Vicinaux,  of  Belgium. 
Some  of  the  cables  used  for  low  pressure  exceed  1,000  sq.  mm.,  the 
maximum  mentioned  reaching  1,700  sq.  mm.  section.  The  Siemens- 
Schuckert  firm  report  the  installation  of  a  cable  with  a  single 
aluminium  conductor  for  single-phase  current  at  60.000  volts,  en 
the  Muldenstein  Bitterfeld  Eection  of  the  Prussian  State  Railways. 
All  who  have  adopted  these  cables  state  that  they  are  satisfied  with 
them,  and  no  practical  drawbacks  have  been  experienced  :  the 
making  of  the  joints  and  connections,  however,  necessitates  the 
exercise  of  special  care.  There  is  an  advantage  in  using  aluminium 
for  cables  of  large  section  for  continnons  current  ;  in  seme  instances 
the  econrmy  thus  secured  exceeds  14  per  cent.  According  to  a 
formula  worked  out  by  the  Copenhagen  tramways,  the  use  of 
aluminium  is  advantageous  when  the  price  of  aluminium  in  £,  per 
ton  is  lower  than  208  X  price  of  copper  —  30.  This  formula 
evidently  assumes  equality  cf  the  price  of  the  other  materials 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  cables.  Independently  of  the  question 
of  price,  aluminium  cables  have  the  advantage,  in  the  case  of  very 
high  pressures,  when  it  is  necessary  to  augment  the  section  of  the 
conductors  in  order  to  increase  the  dielectric  rigidity. 


278 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [Voi.72.  no.  i,838,  februabt  u,  1913. 


PROOEEDINGB    OF   INSTITUTIONS. 


The  Tse  of  a  Large  Lifliting  Battery  in  Connection  witli 

Central  Station  Supply. 

By  F.  H.  Whysall,  A.M.I.E.E. 

Ahttract  of  paper  read  laf ore  the  INSTITUTION   OF  ElECTBICAL 
ESGINEERS  at  Ma nrhesrter,  Janitari/  28t/i,  and  JaukIoh, 
January  2^rd,  1913.) 

This  pajier  is,  for  the  most  part,  based  on  the  results  obtained  over 
two  complete  years'  working  of  the  12,000  ampere-hour  battery 
installed  at  the  Manchester  Corporation  Electricity  Works,  Dfckinson 
Street,  in  March,  1910.  This  battery  was  at  the  time  of  its  install- 
ation the  largest  ever  constructed,  and  has  a  maximum  discharge 
capacity  of  over  1  ."iiOOO  amperes. 

Before  so  large  a  battery  could  be  recommended,  the  saving  to  be 
effected  by  its  use  had  to  be  most  thoroughly  and  carefully 
examined. 

The  object  of  the  present  paper  is  to  show  to  what  extent  the 
predictions  as  to  its  use  have  been  fulfilled,  and  what  relief  has 
been  obtained  in  the  cost  per  unit  supplied.  The  battery  has 
thoroughly  justified  itself  during  this  period,  and  the  figures  in 
this  paper  should  tend  to  encourage  other  engineers  of  central 
stations  to  go  and  do  likewise. 

The  battery  consists  of  210  cells,  each  cell  containing  38  positive 
and  39  negative  plates  20]  in.  wide  x  29  in.  deep.  The  positive 
plates  are  of  the  Plant<:-  formation,  0"4  in.  thick,  cast  in  one  piece, 
but  the  negative  plates  are  of  the  improved  box  type,  0'31  in.  thick, 
composed  of  half  grids  securely  riveted  together,  the  spaces  between 
them  being  filled  with  active  material.  Specially  treated  wooden 
separators  are  employed  between  adjacent  plates,  and  a  free  space 
of  8  in.  is  left  at  the  bottom  of  the  cell  for  the  accumulation  of 
deposit. 

The  cell  boxes  are  of  pitch  pine  lined  with  lead,  the  outside 
dimensions  of  each  box  being  as  follows: — Length,  6ft.  liin.  ; 
width,  2  ft.  2i  in.  ;  height,  3  ft.  4i  in. 

The  following  are  the  guaranteed  performances  of  the  cells  : — 

Maximum  discharge  rate,  15,000  amperes. 
One-hour  discharge  rate,  8,400  amperes  (3,000  kW.). 
Charging  rate,  4,100  amperes. 
Maximum  charging  rate,  6,500  amperes. 

,,  ,,         voltage,  275  volts  per  cell. 

Ampere-hour  efficiency,  90  per  cent. 
Watt-hour  efficiency,  6i'.  percent,  at  1-hour  rate  (8,400  amperes). 

„  „  'o  per  cent,  at  3-honr  rate  (3,900  amperes). 

Final  voltage  per  cell,  1'67  volts  at  l-honr  rate. 

„  „  178  volts  at  3-hour  rate. 

Weight  of  each  cell  and  acid  complete,  2  tons  19  cwt. 

„  complete  battery,  020  tons. 

Floor  space  occupied,  5,966  sq.  ft. 

The  chief  advantage  attached  to  the  use  of  regulating  cells  is 
that  the  output  of  the  battery  is  not  limited  by  the  capacity  of 
the  boosting  plant  ;  and  in  cases  where  a  battery  is  used  as  stand-by, 
regulating  cells  have  distinct  advantages  over  boosters.  On  the 
other  hand,  with  large  batteries  the  switchgear  for  regulating  cells 
becomes,  with  its  connections,  a  very  cumbersome  piece  of 
apparatus. 

The  chief  duty  of  the  Dickinson  Street  battery  is  to  take  3,000  kw. 
off  the  lighting  peak.  It  is  also  looked  upon  as  a  stand-by.  But  its 
chief  duty  is  load-levelling  ;  and  it  was,  therefore,  decided  to  have 
three  hand-regulated  reversible  boosters,  and  to  run  them  in 
parallel  at  times  of  maximum  dtecharge.  At  other  times,  one  or 
two  would  be  used  as  required.  It  may  be  noted,  however,  that 
such  importance  is  attached  to  the  question  of  overload  in 
emergency,  that  it  is  the  universal  custom  on  the  Continent  to  use 
regulating  cells  in  all  central  station  batteries. 

Short-circuiting  switches  are  provided  for  all  booster  bus-bars, 
these  switches  being  used  to  cut  out  the  boosters  under  breakdown 
conditions,  or  when  boosters  are  not  required— for  instance,  on 
Sundays,  when  the  battery  does  the  whole  of  the  lighting  load  for 
the  greater  portion  of  the  day.  The  lighting  load  is  much  bigger 
than  the  traction  load,  and  for  some  time  it  has  been  found  more 
economical  for  that  reason  to  confine  the  use  of  the  battery  to  the 
lighting  load. 

The  boosters  are  of  the  TnrnbuU-McLeod  automatic  reversible 
type,  and  were  manufactured  by  the  Lancashire  Dynamo  and  Motor 
Co.  They  have  equalising  rings  to  every  turn  of  the  armature 
windings,  on  account  of  the  heavy  circulating  currents,  and  the 
yokes  of  the  boosters  are  laminated.  Each  booster  is  capable  of  a 
maximum  boost  of  5,600  amperes  at  80  volts  for  a  few  minutes. 
A  diagram  of  connections  is  shown  in  fig.  1 . 
Two  substantial  circuit-breakers  are  inserted  in  the  main  cables 
as  close  as  posfible  to  the  battery  house.  These  circuit-breakers 
are  of  the  magnetic  blow-out  type,  and  are  capable  of  carrying 
15,000  amperes  continuously.  Each  is  enclosed  in  a  separate 
concrete  cubicle,  so  as  "to  entirely  shield  it  from  all  other  parte  of 
station,  and  each  is  electrically  and  independently  operated  from 
the  switchboard  by  means  of  solenoids.  The  circuit-breakers  are 
non-automatic,  and  are  provided  with  a  suitable  controller  to  show 
by  means  of  signal  lamps  on  the  operating  panels  whether  the 
circuit-breaker  is  closed  or  open.  The  large  circuit- breakers  on  the 
main  switchboard  are  of  a  similar  type,  but  mechanically  operated 
from  the  front  of  the  panels.    The  circuit-breakers  themselves, 


however,  are  also  enclosed  in  concrete  cubicles.  The  switchboard 
circuit-breakers  are  automatic.  ■    • 

Bus-barsof  aluminium  have  been  employed  throughout.  ... 

In  a  typical  winter-load  curve  at  the  time  of  the  installation  of . 
the  Dickinson  Street  battery,  the  load-factor  works  out  at  32  per 
cent.,  and  was  expected  to  be  improved  to  43"5  per  cent.  In  figs. 
2  and  •>  we  have  typical  summer  and  winter-load  curves  since  the 
installation  of  the  battery  ;  it  will  be  noted  that  the  load  factors 
obtained  are  actually  much  greater  than  those  anticipated,  and  are 
•  respectively  67  "5  per  cent,  and  I'.'l  per  cent. 

In  fig.  4  a  chart  is  given  showing  the  effect  of  load  factor  on  coal 
consumption  and  works  costs  at  Dickinson  Street  and  Bloom  Street 
works. 

Dickinson  Street  is  now  considered  an  old  station,  and  the  largest 
units  in  Dickinson  Street  and  Bloom  Street  stations  are  of  not  more 
than  1,800-KW.  capacity.  The  observed  coal  consumption  per 
unit — of  the  combined  stations — has  been  down  to  the  low  figure 
shown  on  the  chart.  The  lowest  figure  for  a  monthly  observation 
per  unit  generated  since  the  installation  of  the  battery  is  2'66  lb., 
and  per  unit  sent  out  2  79  lb.,  the  difference  being  accounted  for 
by  units  used  at  the  works  and  units  lost  in  the  battery.  The  com- 
mercial efficiency  of  the  battery  was  for  the  first  year  706  per  cent., 
and  for  the  second  year  'I'l  per  cent. 


1^) i# 


Bus& 


wiMjieir' 


Exciter  N»..    ExrN»2. WTPT: WTJ^ 


istertfj. 


Fig.  1.— Diagram  of  Batteby  Boabd  Connections, 
Dickinson  Street. 


It  is  quite  unfair  to  consider  a  battery  capable  of  saving  only  the 
standby  represented  by  its  one-hour  rating  capacity.  In  a  storm- 
load  the  maximum  demand  (ignoring  traction)  was  44'5  per 
cent,  greater  than  the  boiler  capacity  at  the  commencement  of  the 
darkness  ;  and  the  battery  was  able  to  take  care  of  the  rising  load 
ahead  of  the  extra  boilers  which  had  to  be  got  into  commission. 
Without  the  battery  it  would  have  been  impossible  to  get  these  extra 
'  boilers  up  in  time,  and  would  have  meant  practically  a  total  failure 
of  supply  unless  some  portion  of  the  load  could  have  been  cut  off. 

The  actual  costs  came  out  as  follows  : — 

3,000-KW.  Battery  at  1-hour  bate  of  Dischabge,  including 
Boosters  and  Switchgear. 


Storage  battery  ...         ...*  16,034 

3-motor  booster  combination       2,776 

Switchgear     1,757 

Buildings        2,000 


7  years.    Loan  period. 
15      „ 
15      „ 
20      „  „ 


Total 


£21,567 


Estimated  expenditure  required  to  provide  equi- 
valent steam  plant      

A  ctual  cost  of  battery  plant         

Difference  in  capital  expenditure 

Steam  plant :  £51,000  to  be   repaid  in,  say,  20 

years : — 
(Interest,  3J  per  cent,  sinking  fund,  3|  per  cent.) 
Battery   plant;    £21,567    to    be    repaid   in   10 

years  ; — 
(Interest,  3 J  per  cent.,  sinking  fund,  85  percent.) 

Saving  in  capital  charges  per  annum  in  favour 
of  battery        


£61,000 
21,567 


£3,698 


£2,642 


£1,056 


COMPABISON   OF  CoST    1>ER   KILOWATT   OF  CAPACITY. 
Eftimaind.  Artual. 

Generating  plant         £17     0    0        £16  16    6 


Battery 


6  13     4 


7     3     tt 


In  these  day*  of  tnrbo-driven  nnit^  the  capital  cost  might  be 
taken  at  a  lower  figure. 

Costs  compUed  from  the  latest  actual  figures  available  are  esti- 
mated by  the  author  as  follows  : — 


Vol.72.   No.  i,83H,FKi.uuAnYii,  i9i:t.i   THE    ELFiCTRICAL    KKVIKW. 


279 


Land       

All  bulldinf^a  (inulnding  oflSoea) 

Iiaiid  fur  railway,  railway  coinploto  and  loooinutivo 

Goal  and  ivih  plant 

Marine  builorH  with  HuperhcntorH,  inuludini;  oconoiniBurH, 

coal  and  ahh  chuten,  ncrapor  and  ntoker  driving 
FoundatioiiH  and  fliii'8  for  marine  boilurn    ... 
IIi(irli-preMHiiro  Hteol  pipes  and  covering,   inoludinif  valven 

(main  ranjro  not  included) 
Turbo-altornator  and  condensinu  plant,  pipework  for  con- 

denHin^r  plant  and  motor-driven  fans 

VoundationH  for  turbo-alternator  and  air  duets     

Pipework    for    turbo-alternator,    includin)?     circulating 

water  pijHtH,  atmospherio  exhaust  pipoa  and  valves  ... 

Natural-drauti^ht  ooolinf;:  towers       

Foundations  for  ooolinfr  towers        

High-tension  cable      

Converting  plant,  including  switchgear     


Total  001 1 
per  Bw. 

ilU     n     G 


0     6 
U  13 

0  6 

1  8 

2  0 


Total 
Total  plant  installed 


£16  16     6 


56,500  KW. 


Mr.  Snell's  figure  of  £12'2f>  per  KW.,  given  in  his  book  on  "Power 
House  Design,"  does  not  include  items  in  the  author's  estimate, 
amounting  to  £5  4e.,  which  would  bring  up  the  cost  per  kw.  on  his 
estimate  to  £17"46. 

It  would  seem,  therefore,  that,  for  peak-load  duty  of  two  hours 
(which  averages  out  at  the  1  -hour  rate  of  discharge  for  the  battery) 


^■0  1-0  M  J-O  *0  so  6-0  '0  M  so  too  IK) IZO  1-0  20  >0  40  SO  60  70  60  JO   KM!  ItO  K-0 

Hidn.ght  Noon  Wdnijht 

ad  factor  on  Bteam  plant     =  G7'B  %  Number  of  units  generated    =  83,500 

„         on  mas.  demand  =  54-4  %  Max.  load  on  steam  plant  =  6,150  K\v. 

Max.  demand  on  station     =  6,400  kw. 

Improvement  in  load  factor    =  13'1  % 

Fia.  2.— Summer  Load  Cueve. 

the  cost  per  kilowatt  can  be  safely  estimated  at  £.17,  which  leaves  a 
margin  of  £9  16s.  3d.  in  favour  of  the  battery. 

It  is  necessary  when  considering  the  cost  of  generation  of  peak- 
lotul  units  to  take  into  consideration  the  fact  that  the  most  uneconom- 
ical unite  are   reserved  for  this  duty,  and  quite  rightly   so,   also 


£0,000 
16,000 
IfiflOO- 


Bdtitenj  Chdr^  by  steam  plane. 

-         "  motor  converterT 
"    dischar^mf  ori-lijtitmf  bars. 
*  Luting"  load  on  motor  converter 


1—1 '  Load  on  lijtitinf  steam  plant 
_  ^POo-)-.--|.  Traction  load  on     ■•        ■.    (superimposed)' 
5 10,000 -bid'  ^°'^'  ''"''*''<'  o"  ttie  station 

6fiod 


_  01-0  JO  jO  4-0  5-0  60   ^0  80  90  lOO  ll-O  liO  10  £0  50  40  5-0  60  TO  SO  ^0   KM  ll-O IZO 
Midnijlit  Noon  fMnijIt 


Load  factor  on  steam  plant    =  49'1  % 
,,         on  max.  demand  =  84*4  % 


Maximum  demand  •=  9,000  amps. 
Number  of  units  generated  =  134,080 
Max.  load  on  steam  plant  =  11,376  kw. 
Max.  demand  on  station  ■-  16,260  kw. 


Improvement  in  load  factor    =  14'7  *> 

Peak  discharge  =  11,000  ampere-hours. 
Fig.  3. — Winter  Load  Curve. 

that  these  peak-load  sets  will  not  be  run  at  their  most  economical 
load  ;  consequently,  the  steam  consumption  will  be  high.  Bare  fuel 
cost  per  1,000  kw.  standby  for  this  peak-load  duty  the  author  has 
estimated  at  £1  88.  per  day.  But  we  have  seen  that  it  is  unfair  to 
credit  the  battery  with  standby  savings  on  its  bare  capacity  only. 
Our  3,000-KW.  battery  gave  a  yearly  standby  paving  of  £1,554. 

There  is  an  actual  saving  on  running  fixed  charges  on  the  station 
when  a  battery  is  put  in ;  at  Dickinson  Street  there  are  now  22 
fewer  men  for  an  increased  demand  since  the  installation  of  the 
battery.  Comparing  bare  fuel  cost  per  unit  generated,  and  crediting 
the  battery  with  a  commercial  efficiency  of  70  per  cent.,  we  get  a 


cost  per  unit  (revUrming  2'A  lb.  of  coal  per  unit  at  12b.  M.  jixr  Itmt 
of  0"2:i7d.   againnt  a  coiit  of   I'C.'.d.  taken  from   thi-  r^  '  '• 

shown  on  thu  load-factor  i^urvc  for  8  p<!r  cent.   lob<l 
peak-loud   unitn  diHohargt^d  by   the   battery  ninrj-  itd 
cnl<;ulati;d  iit  ttio  rat«  of  tlvn  coiiiploU'  dlM:har|,'<'H  |M;r  wi  •  k 
3lHt,  lit  10,   to    March    illnt,   rjl2  — are  l,f)«0,<ci'i,  and   n-pn— 
annual  Having  of  £8,. '.:i  I.      This  taken  no  account  of   the  nior.     „' 
diHuhurgen  and    load-levelling   duty    durin/    the    rent   of  the  day, 
commonly  calle<l   "  bufTr-ring,"  whereby  each   M;t  on   load   in  kept 
running  at  it«  most  economical  output. 

The  improvement  in  load  Ioi-.Vdt  on  the  unit*  gencrat^vl,  obw-rvMJ 
monthly  over  twoycarH,  in  approximately  7i  per  cent,,  and  the  ralu' 
obtained  from  the  chart  in  0  0>'d.  on  .SOJ  million  iinitu  ,  thin    f  i  r. 
sents  a  saving  of   £10, 1  (;•',.     ThiM  is  the  actual  improv<,-ment.  ■] 
the  battery,  and  should  cover  both  the  other  <«timatefl  and  iii   :u'l. 
the  saving  due  to  the  buffering  effect  aa  well. 


Year. 

» 

1 

Tona. 

s 

ii 

< 

H.  a. 

III 

SS-g 

63 

►  So 

•  —  ■a 

m 

o.x». 

6" 

1909. 

KW.  hoom. 

£             M 

% 

No  batter;.. 

36,818,993 

40,661 

10  u 

0-866 



1910. 

With  battery 

99,043,986 

89,418 

U    0 

164 

0806 

i.tao 

7,784 

•ton 

NoTB. — Calorific  value  varies  between  18,600  and  14,000  n.TB.r.'i  per  lb. 

In  the  table  the  actnal  saving  on  works  costs  for  one  complete 
year's  working  is  given.  The  maker.i  signed  a  contract  to 
maintain   the  battery  at  its  rated  capacity  for  a  term  of  15  yearn 


;=^===^===== 

[I 

ii^:ii:::ii: 

—  a* 

,::iir::::+:: 

~         + 

;? 

A 

+                X 

h-f 

,:,ii^-ii::i 

~T~       ^   X   i 

L  f 

=  -  P     ^ 

1 1 1— , 1 _ 

—  s_ 

.::t^^ii:ii 

—  I-O 

'=^1==-^==== 

-  ; 

'=-i^±=-^i 

Ij 

-  * 

4iii^^::ps::= 

p£L6 ----.=   J-_L_  _l_-l_  __ 

—   ■-♦ 

Curve  A.— Worba  cost  per  unit  generated  in  pence. 

Curve  B.— Pounds  of  coal  per  unit  generated  (from  actual  observations). 

Curve  0.— Pounds  of  coal  per  unit  generated  (by  formula). 

Fig.  -1. — Effect  of  Load  Factor  on  Coal  Consumption 
AND  Works  Costs. 


for  the  sum  of  £l,2i0  per  annum,  which  is  8'.^  per  cent  per 
annum  on  the  purchase  price.  This  maintenance  is  included  in  the 
works  costs. 

A  recording  ammeter  and  voltmeter  are  essential  in  order  to  see 
that  overcharging  or  overdischarging  does  not  take  place.  Charg- 
ing is  continued  under  normal  conditions  at  Dickinson  Street 
10  minutes  after  gassing  point  is  reached,  before  both  daily  dis- 
charges, and  for  2  hours  once  each  week,  generally  on  Saturday, 
and  preceding  the  day  (Sunday)  when  a  complete  discharge  at  the 
10-honr  rating  is  usually  taken  out  of  the  battery. 

The  efficiency  of  the  battery  for  the  day  is  units  output  -!-  units 
input,  including  booster  units,  which  we  term  the  "  commercial 
efficiency." 

The  daUy  load  carves  are  considered  the  most  important  records 
taken,  because  the  value  of  a  battery  depends  more  on  the  way  it  is 
used  than  on  anything  else.  A  special  battery  book  is  kept,  giving 
details  of  cell  defects  and  their  treatment  (for  which  a  1,000-ampere 
portable  "  mUking"  booster  is  used),  daily  gassing,  weekly  over- 
charge, and  all  specific  gravities  and  voltages  of  individual  cells 
once  each  week  after  the  weekly  overcharge.  Three  pilot  cells  are 
used  to  serve  as  a  guide  to  the  state  of  charge,  and  the  speciflc 
gravities  of  these  cells  are  taken  every  half -hour  for  the  station 
log  sheet,  which  is  the  general  record  of  the  working  of  the  station 
usually  found  in  use  at  most  central  stations. 

The  capacity  of  the  battery  varies  at  various  rates  of  discharge, 
and  without  thes*-  pilot-celi  readings  it  would  be  exceedingly 
difficult  at  times  to  gauge  the  exact  state  of  the  battery. 

It  is  now  being  recognised  that,  provided  the  battery  is  installed 
to  reduce  generating  plant,  it  is  a  sound  commercial  propositic  n 
when  considered  in  connection  with  a  large  lighting  load. 

Too  much  has  been  made  in  the  past  of  the  supposed  inefficiency 
of  batteries  :  as  a  matter  of  fact,  70  per  cent,  to  75  per  cent,  com- 
mercial efficiency  can  be  maintained  with  care  ;  and  if  this  were  not 
so,  efficiency  is  the  least  important  attribute  of  peak-load  plant, 
and  especially  so  in  the  case  of  a  battery.  In  effect  the  battery 
is  charged  at  power  rates  and  discharged  at  lighting  rates.  If 
some  of  our  large  consumers  on  public  supply  mains  only 
realised   this,    they    would    install    batteries  of    their   own.    buy 


280 


THE    ELECTKICAL    KEVIEW.    [Voi.72.   No.  i,838,  febbuaby  u,  wix 


current  at  power  rates,  and  cheapen  their  own  lighting  supplies 
by  arranging  with  the  supply  authorities  for  a  "  restricted-hour  " 
supply,  i.e.,  they  would  take  no  current  from  the  mains  at  peak- 
load  time. 

It  does  not  matter  how  short  a  period  of  time  during  the  day  or 
the  year  a  supply  is  demanded,  there  must  be  plant  installed  to 
meet  it,  and  it  has  been  found  that  for  all  duty  of  less  than  8  per 
cent,  daily  load  factor,  if.,  of  less  than  two  hours'  demand  during 
the  24  hours  of  the  day,  it  most  certainly  pays  to  make  storatre 
battery  provision.  Beyond  this  point  we  must  look  to  advantages 
other  than  direct  saving  in  capital  cost  and  running  charges  to 
justify  the  extension  of  the  principle. 

The  author  tenders  his  best  thanks  to  Mr.  S.  L.  Pearce,  the  City 
Electrical  Engineer  of  Manchester,  for  facilities  allowed  and  per- 
mission for  the  inclusion  in  this  paper  of  data  from  ofiScial  reports, 
and  for  the  publication  of  facts  and  figures  concerning  the  Man- 
chester Corporation  electricity  works  ;  also  to  Mr.  E.  A.  Hilton  for 
assistance  in  eetting  out  the  diagrams.  The  authorwould  also  like 
to  make  it  quite  plain  that  the  opinions  expressed  in  the  paper  are 
his  own  personal  opinions. 


Discussion  at  Maschesteb. 

Mb.  S.  J.  Watson  said  it  was  worth  considering  whether  large 
batteries  should  be  put  in  the  generating  station,  or  in  connection 
with  the  distribution  system.  In  connection  with  polyphase  trans- 
mii'sion  schemes,  the  sub-stations  where  the  a.c.  supply  was  con- 
verted to  n.c.  would  be  the  places  in  which  to  put  the  batteries. 
He  thought  the  fairest  system  of  rating  a  battery  was  on  the  basis 
of  a  two-hour  rating,  because  the  primary  use  of  a  battery  was  in 
connection  with  peak  loads  ;  the  ordinary  peak  in  the  winter 
months  lasted  about  IJ  hours,  and  a  two- hour  capacity  would  last 
through  any  peak  that  was  likely  to  occur.  The  battery  in  Man- 
chester had  been  installed  at  a  cost  of  about  £17  per  kw.  on  the 
basis  of  a  two-hour  rating.  On  the  score  of  cost  the  generating 
plant  and  the  battery  were  almost  identical.  With  the  battery 
there  were  no  standby  losses  ;  it  was  in  this  connection  that  the 
principal  saving  on  a  battery  arose.  Regarding  the  question  of 
using  boosters  or  regulating  cells,  the  use  of  a  regulating  switch 
enabled  one  to  deal  promptly  with  any  sudden  emergency  which 
required  heavy  discharges  ;  if  the  battery  were  floating  on  the  bars 
without  the  use  of  boosters,  the  pressure  dropped  when  a  heavy 
discharge  occurred,  and  it  would  be  almost  impossible  to  switch 
the  boosters  in,  whereas  with  regulating  cells  the  operation  was 
very  simple.  Wherever  a  large  battery  was  in  use  it  should 
undoubtedly  be  always  kept  on  the  bus-bars,  so  that  in  emergency 
there  was  the  full  capacity  to  rely  on.  He  considered  that  a 
battery  at  its  two-hour  rating  should  have  the  capacity  of  the 
largest  unit  in  the  station.  The  eflSciency  of  a  battery  really 
mattered  very  little,  because  the  load  which  was  supplied  from  it 
was  only  a  percentage  of  the  total. 

Mb.  Alderman  Walker  said  the  period  allowed  for  repayment 
of  loans  on  large  turbo-generator  sets  was  being  reduced  from 
20  years  to  17  years  ;  the  difference  was  to  the  good  of  the  battery. 
With  regard  to  the  question  of  consumers  having  a  battery  on  their 
own  premises  and  having  it  charged  at  power  rates,  he  thought 
the  author  perfectly  justified  in  this  idea. 

Mb.  E.  C.  McKinnon  said  one  American  company  had  individual 
contracts  with  the  largest  supply  companies  to  maintain  their 
batteries  for  10  years,  and  during  that  period  the  battery  might  be 
discharged  1.^0  to  200  times,  but  not  more  than  40  times  during  any 
one  year.  The  loan  period  for  a  battery  (seven  years)  was  altogether 
unreasonable.  The  battery  at  the  end  of  its  life  was  still  worth 
25  per  cent,  of  its  original  price  as  scrap  metal.  The  commercial 
eflBciency  of  the  Manchester  battery  was  rather  low,  indicating  that 
the  battery  was  overworked,  and  that  possibly  the  charge  was 
stinted.  With  a  new  battery  it  was  possible  to  obtain  a  falsely  high 
eflBciency,  but  only  at  the  expense  of  the  plates.  Maintenance 
should  be  based  on  the  amount  of  work  that  the  battery  was  called 
upon  to  do,  and  this  was  the  system  employed  in  the  States. 

Mb.  p.  p.  Wheelwright  said  that  in  rushing  up  boiler  plant  a 
considerable  amount  of  smoke  was  thrown  out,  which  was  very 
liable  to  cause  trouble  in  the  city,  whereas  if  a  battery  were  in  use 
a  greater  time  could  be  taken  to  bring  up  the  boilers  and  so  reduce 
this  tendency.  He  had  had  three  batteries  before  the  one  now  in 
use,  which  was  the  only  one  that  had  ever  done  any  honest  work. 
The  previous  batteries  had  always  to  be  nursed  until  the  time  when 
they  were  required,  and  when  this  time  came  the  batteries  would 
not  work.  When  the  present  battery  was  installed,  the  makers 
told  them  to  do  their  worst  with  it,  and  it  would  always  work 
well.  They  had  done  this,  and  for  the  past  four  years  the  main- 
tenance of  this  battery  had  been  very  low,  and  it  had  experienced 
the  roughest  time  a  battery  ever  had. 

Mr.  S.  L.  Peabce  said  he  took  it  that,  generally  speaking,  they 
agreed  that  the  pcheme  was  sound,  and  that  the  conclusions 
drawn  by  the  author  in  his  paper  had  been  justified.  There  had 
been  an  undoubted  saving  in  the  cost  of  coal  consumed,  viz.,  £.S,.348. 
There  was,  in  addition,  a  saving  of  £1,0.")0  on  capital  as  between  the 
steam  scheme  and  the  battery  scheme.  This  gave  a  total  of  £4,404. 
If,  from  this  figure,  the  capital  cost  incidental  to  the  battery  itself 
were  deducted,  there  was  still  a  saving  of  £2,000,  which,  if  it  had 
been  the  only  saving-,  would  still  have  justified  the  scheme.  The 
losses  incurred  in  the  battery  and  booster  were  more  than  covered 
by  the  coal  saving.  The  total  units  lost  were  approximately 
700,000,  and  the  coal  saving  to  cover  those  losses  was  more  than 
four  times  greater.  With  present-day  knowledge,  the  figures  of 
capital  for  Stuart  Street  were  possibly  on  the  high  side  ;  they  were 
drawn  up  at  the  end  of  1907.  Taking  the  battery  on  a  two-hour 
rating,  and  reducing  the  estimates  on  the  steam  plant,  there  was 
practically  no  saving  on  capital.    The  question  of  switchgear  gave 


rise  to  more  anxiety  than  anything  else  in  connection  with  the 
battery.  It  was  decided  that  this  switchgear  should  be  treated  as  a 
high-tension  board,  and  therefore,  as  the  author  had  pointed  out  in 
his  paper,  the  cubicle  construction  was  adopted,  and  the  isolation  of 
all  leads  where  possible.  They  had  a  system  of  remote-controlled 
circuit-breakers,  which  were  fitted  in  the  battery  room  alongside 
the  battery.  With  regard  to  the  loan  periods,  the  L.G.B.  seemed  to 
be  drawing  the  strings  tighter  and  tighter.  Seven  years  only  was 
allowed  for  this  storage  battery,  and  to-day  they  only  got  15  years 
for  generating  and  sub-station  plant  ;  the  term  for  boilers  had  also 
been  reduced  from  17  to  15  years. 

Mr.  C.  L.  E.  Stewart,  referring  to  Mr.  Wheelwright's  remarks, 
said  that  he  also  had  a  small  battery  which  had  a  very  rough  time, 
and  it  was  doing  remarkably  well.  It  ran  on  traction  load,  the 
efiBciency  was  very  good,  and  it  was  in  very  good  condition  after 
being  in  use  for  four  years.  It  was  working  up  to  its  full  one-hour 
rating  either  way  every  two  or  three  minutes.  With  regard  to  the 
record  of  overdischarge,  the  easiest  way  of  judging  it  was  for  the 
switchboard  attendant  to  watch  the  voltmeter  chart.  Records  were 
well  worth  keeping. 

Mr.  E.  Thojias  said  it  was  interesting  to  see  that  apparently  it 
was  not  appreciated  until  comparatively  recently  that  a  battery  had 
very  great  advantages  from  a  cost  point  of  view  when  considering 
large  stations  like  Manchester.  Seeing  what  the  Americans  gained 
by  using  very  much  larger  batteries,  it  seemed  that  it  might  be 
advantageous  for  us  to  go  further  than  we  had  already  done. 

Mr.  W.  Cbamp  said  he  noticed  that  the  makers  had  signed  a 
contract  to  maintain  the  battery  at  its  rated  capacity  for  15  years. 
In  dealing  with  batteries  he  had  found  that  makers  objected  to 
maintain  a  battery  at  its  rated  capacity  throughout  the  mainten- 
ance period,  but  they  would  guarantee  85-90  per  cent,  of  its  rated 
capacity  at  the  end  of  the  maintenance  period.  The  load  factor 
improvement  was  estimated  to  save  £10, 1(')6,  whereas  the  estimated 
saving  from  standby  value,  and  in  cost  of  generation,  was  given  as 
£5,821.  Was  tbe  difference  between  these  two  figures  due  to  the 
'■  buffering  "  effect  ? 

Mb.  F.  H.  Whysall,  in  reply,  said  that  in  the  case  of  a  large 
D.c.  system  the  advantage  was  in  favour  of  putting  a  large  battery 
down  at  the  generating  station.  In  the  case  of  a  three-phase 
system  with  sub-stations,  the  best  place  was  the  sub-station.  He  con- 
sidered that  a  one-hour  rating  to  carry  over  the  peak  was  sufficient. 
The  stand-by  boilers  were  not  under  steam  at  all.  With  regard  to 
the  difficulty  in  aU  paralleling  boosters  under  breakdown  conditions, 
there  was  a  large  margin,  and,  failing  this,  arrangements  were  made 
whereby  the  battery  could  be  put  on  load  without  boosters. 
Integrating  wattmeters  were  fitted  to  register  the  input  and  output 
of  the  battery,  but  they  were  only  used  to  indicate  the  state  of  the 
charge.  A  recording  voltmeter  was  also  in  use  as  recommended  by 
another  speaker  for  the  same  purpoee.  A  quicker  method  of  esti- 
mating the  residue  was  wanted  than  running  a  planimeter  over  the 
chart  ;  the  pilot  cell  reading  gave  the  information  at  once.  The 
author  believed  that  the  oftener  a  battery  was  charged  and  dis- 
charged, the  better  it  was  for  the  battery,  provided  the  operations 
were  carried  out  with  due  care.  The  proposal  that  the  maintenance 
charges  should  be  based  on  the  number  of  charges  and  discharges 
in  a  given  time  was  another  innovation,  and  he  did  not  think  that 
would  be  suitable  for  the  requirements  of  his  station.  Mr.  Pearce 
had  shown  that  even  putting  the  problem  at  its  lower  level,  they 
could  expect  £2,000  saving.  He  was  perhaps  too  optimistic  in 
crediting  all  the  saving  shown  to  the  battery  ;  the  circumstances 
at  Dickinson  Street  were  peculiarly  favourable  to  a  battery.  The 
cutting  down  of  loan  periods  by  the  L.G.B.  influenced  the  figures 
shown  in  favour  of  the  battery. 


Discussion  in  London. 

Me.  J.  S.  Highfield.  in  opening  the  discussion,  referred  to  the 
importance  of  the  battery,  in  view  of  the  security  it  gave  to  other 
sources  of  supply.  It  relieved  other  plant  and  mains,  and  repre- 
sented a  saving  in  capital  ;  in  most  cases  a  good  case  could  be 
made  out  for  it.  The  use  of  a  battery  on  peak  loads  was  rather 
opposed  to  the  stand-by  idea,  and  a  compromise  was  necessary  ;  but 
even  then  it  was  worth  adopting.  The  best  method  of  control  was 
to  use  a  hand-controlled  booster  for  charging  and  discharging,  with 
a  short-circuiting  switch  to  save  the  booster  from  destruction. 
Booster  construction  was  a  matter  of  careful  design,  as  the  machines 
had  to  stand  large  overloads.  He  agreed  with  the  author's  figures 
for  efficiency  ;  he  always  took  74  per  cent,  himself.  Rethought  that 
a  better  system  of  charging  users  for  maintenance  could  be  intro- 
duced, as  the  present  method  penalised  the  careful  user. 

AIr.  E.  C.  McKinnon  suggested  that  people  would  be  too  optimistic 
after  reading  the  paper ;  it  should  not  be  thought  that  the 
author's  eflRciencies  could  be  repeated  everywhere.  Engineers 
were  realising  the  usefulness  of  the  battery,  and  adopting  it  for 
this  reason. 

Mr,  a.  M.  Taylok  said  he  disagreed  with  the  figures  taken 
for  interest  and  sinking  fund,  since  in  the  case  of  a  large  station 
like  Manchester  it  should  not  be  necessary  at  all  to  go  to  the  Local 
Government  Board  for  a  loan  on  behalf  of  the  battery,  but  the 
same  might  be  paid  for  out  of  surplus  profit ;  then,  again,  as 
regards  maintenance,  he  was  satisfied  that  it  was  distinctly  cheaper 
for  the  Corporation  to  maintain  the  battery  itself,  provided 
that  it  was  not  going  to  be  worked  too  heavily.  He  fully  agreed 
with  a  saving  of  £4  4s.  per  day  for  the  five  summer  months  on 
account  of  the  boilers  which  had  not  to  be  kept  under  steam  on  the 
chance  of  a  storm-cloud,  but  he  was  not  quite  sure  whether  an 
additional  £4  4  s.  credited  on  account  of  the  regular  peak 
available  from  the  battery  should  be  added  to  the  above  £4  4s. 
Supposing,  however,  that  this  was  not  included,  the  saving  on  the 
first  heading  was  only  reduced  by  £460,  and  as  regards  the  other 


Vol.72.    No.  1.83,\Ki.:..KUAUY  M,  I9i:t.]    TITE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


•281 


BUin  (if  tJ{;:iii,  h<;  (Mr.  Tiiylor)  iiiiitd  ii(fr<('il  with  thiH.  So  that  in 
any  canv  under  t)iii  inoHt  nnfnvouniblti  cHliniald  he  had  £400  + 
JEfiilO  ■:  £l,(i'.)(»,  with  a  poHnibU^  fitrure  of  iil.fif)!.  Ah  ri'({ardH  the 
ncxtBtaco  in  Ihu  (•oiil  bill,  the  cont  per  iinitturnwl  out  by  thoHteuni 
plunt  during'  tho  \wa,k  load  wnw  \':>M.,  und  tho  oohI  of  each  unit 
put  into  tho  battery  at  night  time  (to  bo  uned  for  the  peak 
on  tho  day  following)  wan  only  (I'2:i7d.,  tho  xaviot;  therefore 
beinjr  r:Ud.  on  every  unit  turned  out  during  tho  peak. 
Takinif  th.'  nuniber  of  unitH  turned  out  during;  the  peak 
iiM  1,560,000,  the  author  obtained  the  tremendouB  annual 
Havinur  of  its, 5:11.  (Mr.  Taylor  ventured  to  think,  however,  that 
tho  author  had  made  a  nlip  as  to  the  number  of  unitH,  which  would 
api>ear  to  be  those  taken  for  two  yearn  inhtead  of  one  year.)  The 
savinfc  wuh  really  prodijrious,  because  ad<lin(r  to  the  sum  of  £8, COO 
(the  author's  figure)  tho  additional  Hum  of  £  I  090,  there  waa  a 
total  of  over  £l»,r)00,  eaved  in  coal  alone.  Thin  sum  capitaliHed  at 
6  per  cent,  wa.s  fquivalent  to  an  investment  of  £180,000.  In  the 
present  case,  the  capital  cost  was  approximately  £22,000,  and  the 
interest,  sinkinf;  fund,  and  maintenance  of  this  investment  would 
be  of  the  order  of  £3,800,  whereas  the  coal  eavinfr  iilo/n-  is  shown 
to  be  at  least  £".),000,  in  (iddilioit  to  irliirh  there  should  be  added 
the  savinp  on  tho  capital  cost  of  (reneratinir  plant.  representinK 
£1,000  per  annum,  and  a  saving  in  the  wapes  at  the  treneratinfj 
station  representintr  another  £1,500  per  annum,  besides  increased 
efficiency  of  generation  during  the  day.  The  value  of  the  battery 
as  a  standby  could  not  be  overrated.  On  a  three-minute  ratinfr  it 
could  be  taken  as  £2  lOs.  per  kilowatt,  and  the  floor  space  on  the 
same  ratintj  at  one-twentieth  of  a  square  yard  per  kilowatt.  Some 
engineers  had  recently  expressed  the  opinion  that  storage  batteries 
would  be  of  very  little  Ufe  in  the  future  on  account  of  the  large 
development  of  the  alter notinjr-current  load.  From  the  figures 
ffiven  it  was  clear  that  the  battery  would  well  bear  the  handicap  of 
the  additional  cost  of  the  inverted  rotary,  and  still  show  a  very  large 
margin  of  saving.  This  applied  more  to  the  case  of  a  large  A.c. 
system,  where  numerous  rotary  converter  sub  -  stations  were 
employed  for  supplying  direct  current  into  the  feeder  net- 
works. In  such  a  case,  a  failure  of  the  A.C.  supply  caused  a 
tremendous  overload  upon  any  D.c.  generating  plant  on  the  system. 
As  regards  the  question  of  the  employment  of  boosters,  as  against 
regulating  cells,  Mr.  Taylor  believed  that  it  would  be  found  that 
boosters  provided  with  automatic  short-circuiting  switches, 
would  permit  of  rapid  discharge  rates  being  regularly  em- 
ployed, and  of  any  emergency  discharge  rate  being  taken  care  of 
with  safety.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  in  comparing  boosters 
with  regulating  cells,  that  in  any  case  a  booster  had  to  be  pro- 
vided for  the  charging  of  the  battery,  so  that  one  had  to  balance 
the  cost  of  boosters,  on  the  one  hand,  as  against  that  of  boosters 
plus  regulating  cells  on  the  other,  with  the  additional  disadvantage 
that  some  parts  of  the  battery  were  discharged  at  different  rates 
to  others,  and  the  heavier  the  discharge  rate  employed,  the  worse 
this  disparity  became,  with  consequent  additional  trouble  in 
maintenance. 

Mr.  E.  S.  Jacob  disagreed  with  the  method  of  comparing  capital 
charges  on  batteries  and  steam  plant  ;  in  the  case  of  the  former 
these  charges  would  be  reduced  to  nothing  after  ten  years,  and  this 
was  equivalent  to  a  double  saving  after  that  in  comparison  with 
steam  plant,  the  cost  of  which  was  spread  over  21  years.  Then  the 
battery  had  a  scrap  value  of  2,")  to  30  per  cent,  of  its  original  value, 
while  steam  plant  had  practically  none.  In  regard  to  maintenance 
contracts,  everybody  said  they  used  their  battery  well,  and  all 
would  ask  for  low  rates. 

Mb.  W.  Fennei.l  said  a  small  battery  was  as  large  proportionally  in 
a  small  plant  as  a  large  one  on  a  big  system.  The  short  loan 
periods  allowed  by  the  L  G.B.,  and  having  to  write  off  the  capital 
cost  in  seven  years,  often  killed  a  battery  scheme  ;  the  makers 
would  contract  for  the  maintenance  of  the  full  battery  output  for 
ten  years.  It  was  difficult  to  understand  the  home  preference  for 
boosters  as  against  automatic  regulating  switches.  In  his  own 
station  they  had  been  running  all  their  gas  engines  on  full  load, 
owing  to  shortage  of  plant,  and  on  one  or  two  occasions  when  a 
set  came  off  suddenly  the  automatic  switch  in  connection  with  the 
battery  operated  so  smoothly  that  the  consumers  were  unaware  of 
the  occurrence. 

Me.  p.  V.  McMahon  showed  some  curves  of  a  battery  sub-station 
on  the  City  and  South  London  Railway,  in  which  the  batteries  took 
50  per  cent,  of  the  sub-station  load. 

Mb.  Roger  T.  Smith  said  the  author  referred  to  batteries  with 
steady  charge  and  discharge  over  periods  of  hours  ;  it  might  be  of 
interest  to  refer  to  their  use  on  traction  loads  where  rapid  charge 
and  discharge  occurred  over  periods  of  minutes.  The  Great 
Western  Railway  supply  from  Park  Royal  station  was  to  two  sub- 
stations, each  with  a  battery  in  parallel  with  motor-converters. 
At  the  time  of  heavy  load  (6  pni.),  the  maximum  load  at  the 
power  station  with  the  battery  in  use  was  2,720  kw.,  and  without 
it,  3,870  KW.,  three  generating  sets  being  in  use  in  the  former  case 
and  five  in  the  latter.  The  improvement  in  the  daily  load  factor 
on  the  steam  plant,  comparable  with  the  author's  figures,  was  some 
17  per  cent.,  but  it  depended  on  the  amount  of  the  total  load  going 
through  the  battery,  which  should  be  !.">  or  20  per  cent.  The 
variation  in  the  traction  load  was  300-3,000  kw.,  and  the  lighting 
load  variation  was  very  much  less.  The  batteries  allowed  of  a 
machine  load  factor  of  85  per  cent.,  and  during  periods  of  heaviest 
load  of  S15  per  cent.,  being  obtained  ;  although  the  traction  load 
varied  1,000  per  cent.,  there  was  no  difficulty  in  keeping  a  plus  or 
minus  4  per  cent,  variation  on  the  lighting  bus-bars.  The  battery 
had  for  six  years  been  considered  a  stand-by  to  the  A.c.  side,  as 
suggested  by  Mr.  Taylor.  It  would  need  tiG  per  cent,  more  steam 
plant  if  the  batteries  were  dispensed  with,  and  entail  a  greatly 
increased  steam  consumption. 

Mr.  C.  p.  Sparks  thought  it  was  a  difficulty  that  batteries  were 


no  soon  outgrown  with  iiicreiminif  lottdit.  'Ihu  railway  nut>-Htation 
referred  to  by  Mr.  McMahon  took  u  hUady  load  of  400  KW.,  alUiouKh 
800- 1, 000  KW.  luudH  wcri!  dealt  with  ;  the  plant  load  factor  wa» 
about  y."i  |x-r  c*nt. 

Mil.  A.  Hi;tt  referred  to  the  heavy  corrimt  l<»tl»!ry  reKulatinif 
switch,  and  Hhowed  vIuwh  of  typical  iiwitchtM  in  uno  on  the 
Continent.  One  of  thcite  having  'l\i  contact*,  wa*  molcr-oi»<!rat<-«l 
and  desiifned  for  a  normal  current  dcuMity  of  fiOO  amperen  [x-r  k\  in. 
on  the  brushet",  with  large  overloa/l  capacity.  Kuch  iiwili.hK«-ar 
could  bo  automatically  <:ontrolled  from  a  dinlanc«;.  (Mr,  A.  M. 
Taylor,  interpfising.  said  t.'ontinental  mukeni  appeared  t<j  Ijc  reluctant 
to  supply  such  switches  for  really  larijc  current*  ;  in  liirmingham 
they  were  offored  u  switch  for  t;,000  am[>er(;H  instea'l  of  17,000 
amperes,  but  a.  booster  could  be  »hort-<;ircuitcd  with  impunity.) 

Mu.  WlivsALL,  replying,  said  the  battery  at  Morichester  wa*  partly 
regarded  us  an  emergency  battery,  and  they  found  usually  that 
when  it  was  most  fully  dischargi.'d  the  load  was  falling  rapidly. 
The  excellent  results  shown  during  the  first  year  were  obtained 
when  the  battery  was  quite  now.  During  a  sudden  storm  the 
battery  held  the  load  until  the  steam  plant  was  got  running,  and 
in  this  way  its  usefulness  wa«  much  more  than  its  mu:  indicated. 
The  10-year  period  was  to  the  disadvantage  of  the  battery  ;  its  life 
was  much  longer  than  that,  and  the  Manchester  maintenance  con- 
tract was  for  a  period  of  15  years.  In  his  opinion,  an  emergency 
battery  should  have  a  regulating  switch,  but  a  peak-load  battery 
should  have  a  booster  combination.  As  regards  Mr.  Sparka's  remarks 
the  battery  should  be  extended  as  the  load  grew. 


Physical  Society. 


At  the  meeting  on  January  24th,  1912,  a  paper,  entitled  "The 
Resistance  of  Electrolytes, "  by  Messrs.  S.  W.  J.  Smith  and  H.  Moas, 
was  read  by  the  former. 

Some  experiments  upon  this  question  were  exhibited  before  the 
Society  in  1911.  In  these  a  modification  of  Wien's  method  was 
used — the  optical  telephone  being  replaced  by  a  vibration  galvano- 
meter— and  the  conclusion  was  drawn  from  them  that  the  resist- 
ance of  an  electrolyte  varies  to  an  easily  perceptible  degree  with 
the  frequency  of  the  alternating  currents  to  which  it  is  subjected. 
It  is,  however,  unsound  to  use  the  method  unless  it  is  shown  that 
the  effects  of  leakage  through  the  electrolytic  condensers  can  be 
neglected  or  allowed  for. 

The  authors  have  used  a  method  which  depends  upon  simul- 
taneous measurement  of  the  voltage  between  the  ends  of  a  tube 
containing  the  electrolyte  and  of  the  current  passing  through  it. 
The  former  was  measured  by  means  of  an  Ayrton-Mather  electro- 
static voltmeter  connected  to  auxiliary  electrodes,  and  the  latter  by 
means  of  a  Duddell  thermo-galvanometer. 

In  the  cases  examined  it  was  found  that  the  resistivity  of  the 
electrolyte  was  constant  within  005  per  cent.,  whether  steady 
currents  or  currents  of  any  frequency  up  to  2,300  alternations  per 
second  were  used. 

A  paper  on  "The  Electrical  Conductivity  and  Fluidity  of  Strong 
Solutions  "  was  read  by  Mr.  W.  S.  Tucker. 

The  author  carried  out  a  series  of  experiments  to  determine  if 
there  were  any  definite  relation  between  conductivity  and  fluidity 
in  the  case  of  calcium  chloride  solutions.  The  feature  of  these 
determinations  was  the  simultaneous  observation  of  viscosity,  elec- 
trolytic resistance  and  temperature. 

The  results  obtained  suggest  that  no  reliance  can  be  placed  on 
ionisation  data  derived  from  electrical  conductivity  observations. 


Institntion  of  Electrical  Engineers. 

Annual  Disneb. 

On  Thursday,  last  week,  the  annual  dinner  and  reunion  of  the 
Institution  was  held  at  the  Hotel  CecU  ;  the  president,  Jlr.  W. 
Duddell,  F.R  S.,  occupied  the  chair,  and  the  company  included 
nearly  400  members  and  guests.  Unfortunately,  a  number  of  the 
latter,  including  Vice-Admiral  Prince  Louis  of  Battenberg  and 
Sir  Alfred  Kpogh,  were  prevented  from  attending. 

After  the  loyal  toasts,  JIb.  Herbert  Samuel,  M.P.,  the  Post- 
master-General, proposed  "  The  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,"  ■ 
claiming  that  he  was  at  the  head  of  probably  the  largest  electrical 
enterprise  in  this  country.  The  Post  Office,  he  said,  owed  much  to 
electrical  engineers,  and  was  grateful  for  the  aosistance  rendered 
to  the  development  of  electrical  science  by  the  Institution  ;  the 
Post  Office,  however,  possessed  a  highly  qualified  staff  of  its  own, 
which  had  developed  many  ingenious  devices,  and  occasionally 
accomplished  the  remarkable  feat  of  transmitting  two  conversations 
simultaneously  over  one  telephone  wire.  His  department  was 
indebted  also  to  the  Institution  for  the  loan  of  its  stately  building 
on  the  Embankment  for  the  Conference  on  Wireless  Telegraphy 
last  year,  which  had  made  a  deep  impression  on  the  delegates. 

The  electrical  ergineers  had  built  up  a  great  and  growing 
industry  ;  it  was  stated  recently  in  the  House  of  Commons,  in 
answer  to  a  question,  that  in  1903  our  exports  of  electrical 
machinery  were  valued  at  £437,000,  while  those  of  the  United 
States  were  worth  £1,0(54,000;  in  1911,  our  exports  had  increased 
to  £1,791,000,  and  those  of  the  United  States  to  £1,739.000,  showing 
that  we  had  made  remarkable  progress.  If  capital  represented  the 
pocket  and  labour  the  hand,  the  professional  men  were  the  brains  of 
the  electrical  industry.  When  recently  the  Government  were 
engaged  in  the  difficult  task  of  forming  a  technical  Committee  to 
inquire  into  the  merits  of  the  various  systems  of  wireless  tele- 
graphy, the  first  name  that  occurred  to  them  was  that  of  the 
President,  Mr.  Duddell,  whose  colleagues  included  two  ex-presidents 


282 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW-   [Voi.  72.  no.  i.sss,  rEimuABj  u,  1913. 


of  the  Institution,  and  one  ex-president  of  the  two  sister  bodies. 
Mr.  Duddell  was  himself  the  inventor  of  the  "  sin  gin  p  arc' 
which  formed  the  basis  of  one  of  the  systems,  but  so  great  was 
their  confidence  in  his  impartiality  that  their  only  fear  was  lest, 
throuprh  excess  of  conscientiousness,  he  should  be  biased  against 
that  system. 

Mk.  DrDDELL,  in  refiwnding,  reminded  his  hearers  that  when 
the  Institution  was  founded  in  1871,  the  only  important  applica- 
tion of  electricity  was  that  of  telegraphy.  Since  that  date, 
electricity  had  invaded  the  domain  of  all  the  sister  sciences,  and 
had  become  intimately  interwoven  with  our  daily  life  and  every 
department  of  industry  ;  it  was  involved  in  the  vital  processes  of 
our  bodies,  and  it  was  now  thought  that  even  "  mass'  was  only  a 
manifestation  of  electricity  ia  motion.  That  day  their  membership 
was  7,300,  a  development  of  one  hundredfold  in  41  years,  and 
that  was  not  the  limit.  In  l!i07  there  were  half  a  million  people 
employed  in  the  electrical  industries  in  this  country,  or  14  per  cent, 
of  the  whole  number  entraged  in  engineering.  When  the  results  of 
the  new  census  were  published  next  year,  he  believed  a  great 
increase  in  these  figures  would  be  recorded. 

Prof.  Joi.v  Pekry  proposed  the  health  of  "The  Guests," 
alluding  to  the  tremendous  amount  of  practical  intellect  and 
successful  achievement  which  they  represented.  He  would  like  the 
guests  to  know  that  the  scientific  engineer  always  talked  shop  and 
thoughtshop — hehad  other  interests,  but  that  was  his  predominating 
interest.  The  study  of  history  was  important  as  a  guide  to  the 
future,  but  now  they  had  applied  science  which  must  be  taken  into 
account  as  an  important  factor  in  making  history.  He  urged  the 
guests  to  encourage  a  scientific  spirit  in  their  subordinates  and  to 
oppose  the  inertia  which  existed  in  all  Government  departments. 
Remarking  that  no  sign  of  electrical  knowledge  in  olden  times  had 
been  discovered  by  the  archaeologists.  Dr.  Perry  said  it  was  certain 
that  our  ancient  torerunners  had  no  big  engines — if  they  had  had 
any,  they  would  not  have  left  us  an  ounce  of  coal. 

Silt  H.  B.  Buckley,  Lord  Justice  of  Appeal,  in  responding,  briefly 
commented  on  the  vast  developments  of  electrical  science  in  con- 
nection with  commerce,  agriculture,  and  other  industries.  Within 
the  last  50  years,  he  said,  the  spread  of  knowledge  had  been  prodigious  ; 
and  in  that  branch  of  knowledge  which  was  concerned  with 
industry,  no  study  had  had  more  influence  on  the  development 
of  human  society  than  the  study  of  electricity.  Probably  it  would 
be  found  that  at  the  root  of  all  things  lay  one  simple  law  which 
gave  rise  to  all  the  various  phenomena  of  Xature — perhaps  the  law  of 
vibration.  They  knew  how  to  catch  electricity  and  how  to  use  it, 
but  who  knew  what  it  really  was  ' 

The  President  invited  the  representatives  of  foreign  institu- 
tions to  address  the  company,  and  M.  Geosselin,  President  of  the 
Societe  Internationale  des  Electriciens  and  of  the  Sociute  des  In- 
genieurs  Civils  de  France  (tith  Section;,  said  that  in  the  past  the 
French  presidents  had  rarely  been  able  to  accept  the  invitations  of 
their  English  confrircs  :  in  France  it  was  not  customary  for  societies 
to  give  annual  dinners,  so  that  the  French  presidents  could  not 
return  the  hospitality  ofl'ered  them.  It  would  be  of  great  benefit 
if  they  could  hold  together  a  meeting  of  English  and  French 
engineers  to  exchange  ideas  ;  this  year  the  Societc  Internationale 
hoped  to  hold  such  a  conference  in  Paris  in  May,  for  which  a  pro- 
gramme of  visits  to  works,  i:c.,  would  be  arranged,  and  he  hoped 
that  many  of  the  members  of  the  Institution  would  be  able  to  be 
present — they  would  be  heartily  welcome. 

Herk  Geheimrat  Chhistiasi,  President  of  the  Verband 
Deutscher  Elektrotechniker,  and  past  president  of  the  Elektro- 
technischer  Verein,  Berlin,  conveyed  the  best  wishes  of  those 
societies  for  the  development  and  prosperity  of  the  Institution. 
He  referred  to  the  visit  of  Dr.  Eapp  to  Germany,  when  he  pre- 
sented a  portrait  of  Faraday  to  Dr.  Budde,  President  of  the  Inter- 
national Electrotechnical  Commission,  and  expressed  the  gratitude 
and  good  wishes  of  Dr.  Budde  to  the  Institution.  He  concluded  by 
remarking  that  the  Verband  was  about  to  enter  into  similar  close 
relations  with  the  Austrian  and  Swiss  Societies,  'and  that  such 
international  relationships  could  not  be  too  highly  valued  ;  he  hoped 
their  friendship  would  prove  lasting. 

The  company  then  adjourned  to  another  room,  where  friends 
foregathered  and  conversation  was  maintained  up  to  a  late  hour. 

Music  was  provided  during  the  evening  by  the  "  Imperial 
Orchestra.''  The  programme  was  closely  adhered  to.  the  speeches 
being  comparatively  few  and  brief,  and  thus  there  was  ample  time 
for  the  reunion,  one  of  the  principal  social  events  of  the  Insti- 
tution's year,  and  one  which  is  highly  appreciated  by  the  members. 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES,    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 


"Chain-PiiU"  Switch  Lampholders. 

The  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  brought  out  a  "chain- 
pull, "  switch  lampholder  with  a  movement  which  is  extremely 
gentle  and  reliable.  The  construction  of  the  lampholder  dififers 
considerably  from  that  of  any  other  on  the  market.  Ease  of  pull 
is  secured  by  means  of  a  spring  ratchet  movement.  A  steatite 
holder  is  provided  for  the  chain,  which  is  detachable,  and  permits 
longer  or  shorter  lengths  to  be  used  as  required.  The  movement  is 
surrounded  by  a  protecting  porcelain  wall.  Barrel  terminals  are 
provided,  which  facilitate  wiring.  The  plungers  are  particularly 
massive.  These  holders  are  supplied  in  a  variety  of  styles,  and  are 
very  inexpensive. 

The  Bkiti,«h  THOM.sos-HotrsTos  Co..  Ltd  ,  of  Mazda  House, 
Upper  Thames  Street,  E.G.,  are  also  supplying  a  chain-pull  holder 
of  similar  design. 


Adjustable  Eccentric. 

The  accompanying  illustration,  fig.  1.  shows  an  adjustable 
eccentric,  which  Mr.  John  Jardine.  of  Nottingham,  is  now 
offering.  The  eccentric  has  been  used  in  connection  with  the 
various  classes  of  machinery  made  by  Jardine's  for  over  20  years, 
but  hitherto  has  never  been  offered  as  a  separate  item  by  them. 


^ 


Fig.  1.— Jardine  Adjustable  Eccentric. 


Through  several  inquiries  and  orders  for  it,  they  have  now  decided 
to  place  it  on  the  market.  Any  throw  can  be  obtained  from  zero 
to  the  maximum,  and  can  be  adjusted  to  a  nicety  by  the  set-screw. 
It  will  be  seen  that  the  eccentric  is  a  useful  piece  of  mechanism, 
and  is  suitable  for  a  variety  of  applications. 

Fixing  Contacts  in  Springs. 

Fig.  2  shows  a  simple,  but  effective,  device  invented  by  Mb.  S.  E. 
Sbawley,  of  07.  Ronald  Street,  Old  Swan,  Liverpool,  for  cutting 
off  contacts  for  springs  and  simultaneously  inserting  them  in  the 
latter.  The  little  bits  of  wire  are  easily  lost,  and  are  difficult  to 
handle,  causing  loss  of  time ;  by  this  method,  however,  waste  of 
material  and  time  is  avoided,  and  a  considerable  saving  of  cost  is 
effected,  which  is  not  to  be  lightly  regarded,  in  view  of  the  immense 
numbers  of  spring  contacts  that  are  called  for  nowadays.  In  the 
figure  A  IS  the  punch  holder,  b  a  steel  cutting-off  plate,  c  a  steel 
guide  plate,  D  a  steel  die,  e  a  pin  for  the  wire  to  rest  on  with  spring  o, 
F  a  steel  ram,  which  is  pressed  against  the  plate  h  by  the  rod  g  to 


EZ3 


Fig.  2. — Device  for  Fi.xing  Contacts  in  Spbinos. 


tighten  the  wire  in  the  spring  x,  with  the  aid  of  the  bush  shown, 
which  makes  a  ring  in  the  spring  round  the  wire.  If  a  double-headed 
contact  is  required,  a  hole  is  made  in  the  ram  F,  as  indicated  in  the 
infet.  The  wire  is  put  through  c  and  H,  the  spring  is  placed  on 
the  wire,  and  the  press  is  then  pulled  down,  when  F  pushes  the 
wire  into  position,  B  cuts  it  off,  and  at  the  same  time  the  wire  is 
fixed  in  the  spring.  The  advantages  of  this  method,  compared 
with  that  of  cutting  the  wire  into  little  bits,  picking  up  those  that 
are  not  lost  with  tweezers  and  putting  them  in  a  die,  and  then 
riveting  the  wire  in  place  with  a  hammer,  are  obvious. 

'Westminster  Electric  Cooliers. 

We  illustrate  in  fig.  :(  the  No.  .'!  electric  cooker  of  the  West- 
minster Tool  and  Electric  Co.,  Suffolk  House,  Laurence 
Pountney  Hill,  London,  E.G.  It  comprises  a  complete  equipment 
for  a  family  of  eight  persons,  consisting  of  three  boiling  plates, 
grill,  oven  and  hot  cupboard.  The  overall  dimensions  are  25  in. 
width  X  21  in.  length  x  36  in.  height,  the  oven  measurements 
(internal)  being  14  in.  width  x  13  in.  length  x  21  in. height.  The 
design  of  this  cooker  is  understood  to  embody  the  results  of  a  large 
experience.      The  sides  and   back  of    the  cooker  are    porcelain- 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8:)H,  kehhuauy  ii.ioiu.]   THK     l'iriK(;TI'iI('AL     KI'lVlMVV 


283 


tinamollod- -lookln(r  like  tilini;.  'I'ho  oven  i'h  rnntnolird  iniiide  nnd 
thorouclily  lu^'^r(■ll.  Tho  top  plato  Ih  of  polinliccl  ctrcl,  fitted  with 
two  Kin.  iliiiiiii'ti^r  and  oim  (>-in.  diiiineter  lioilinif  pliitiM,  eiich  witli 
three  liciitH.  The  ^rill  in  I'i  in.  x  Sin.  The  hot  <uiphoiir<l  on  the 
top  of  tbt!  oven  in  litttd  with  n  dro])-down  door,  forniint;  a  Hlielf. 
Tho  oven  dour  in  fittvd  with  a  ventilator  and  a  kIiimh  panel,  enablini; 


FOREIGN  AND  COLONIAL  TARIFFS  ON 
ELECTRICAL  GOODS. 


Fig.  3.— No.  .S  Westminstek  Electric  Cooker. 


the  contents  of  the  oven  to  be  examined  without  opening  the  door. 
All  connections  are  brought  to  a  connection  box  at  the  back  of  the 
cooker. 

The  power  consumption  is  stated  as  follows  : — Oven,  2,200  watts  ; 
8-iii.  diameter  boilinp  plates,  1,200  watts  ;  6-iii.  diameter  boiliDg 
plates,  800  watts  ;  grill,  1,100  watts  ;  all  with  thiee  regulations. 

Electrical  Window-Cleaner. 

Mb.  O.  E.  Fo.x-Adajis,  of  125,  Constantine  Koad,  Hampstead,  has 
devised  and  patented  a  rotary  brush  for  cleaning  windows,  which 
should  be  of  considerable  use  for  shops,  ■warehouses,  hotels,  railway 
trains,  kc.  It  resembles  the  electric  hair- brush,  in  that  it  consists 
of  a  cylindrical  brush  or  swab,  driven  by  an  internal  electric  motor, 
the  armature  shaft  being  held  in  a  fork,  while  the  field  magnet 
system  rotates,  carrying  with  it  the  brush.     A  diagrammatic  section 


a,  brush  ;  b,  closing  disk;  e,  spindle;  d,  bearings;  e,  casing  ;  g,  h,  magnet  coils. 

Fio.  4. — Electrical  Window-Cleaner. 


and  end  view  are  given  in  fig.  4.  The  inventor's  chief  diflBculty  was 
to  find  a  motor  combining  sufficient  strength  with  the  necessary 
lightness  ;  having  accomplished  this,  and  adopted  aluminium  as  far 
as  possible  in  the  construction  of  the  framing,  &c.,  to  reduce  the 
weight  to  the  minimum,  he  has  succeedtd  in  producing  a  tool  with 
which  windows  and  similar  surfaces  can  be  quickly  polished  with 
the  least  expenditure  of  labour. 


Electrical  Treatment  at  Bradford  Hospital.— At  the 

last  quarterly  meeting  of  the  Bradford  Hospital  Fund  (Incorpo- 
rated), held  on  Thursday  at  the  Infirmary,  it  was  reported  that  the 
work  of  the  electrical  department  was  on  the  increase.  In  1,243 
cases  electrical  methods  had  been  used  to  locate  various  fractures  of 
limbs  and  other  ailments  of  patients  who  came  to  the  infirmary. 
Dr.  Mitchell  had  charge  of  the  electrical  department,  and  he  had 
attended  to  3,682  cases  during  the  past  year. 


fUnn-al  ralrt. 
12  4  %  ad  val. 


AMKM>MK.VTr<. 

8T.  VINCK.NT.  In  connection  with  the  recent  Canadian -Went 
Indies  reciprocity  arrnngcmentK,  the  Oovemment  of  Kt.  Vincent 
havodraft(r(l  a  new  tariff  differentiutinif  )M;twe«:n  i;oo<1n  frciin  foreiifn 
countrieH  nnd  gdcjiln  from  thi;  Cnited  Kingdom.  Canada  and  New- 
foundland, und  giving  preferential  rnleH  of  duty  Ut  the  latter.  Thin 
new  tnriir  is  to  come  into  force  at  a  date  which  will  iiubi>er|oently 
bo  notified  ;  meanwhile  the  following  information  will  be  of  inte- 
rest to  our  readers  : — 

I'refpmilial  ralfi. 

Lamps 10  %  ad  val. 

Electric  machinery  and  elec- 
tric dental  appliances  of 
all  kinds  not  specifically 
exempted  from  duty        ...      10  %  ad  val.         I2J  %  ad  val. 

Wire 10  %  ad  val.         12i  %  ad  val. 

The  following  goods  are  to  be  admitted  free  of  duty,  irrcHpective 
of  their  origin  : — Machinery,  and  any  parts  or  fittings  ther»«f  not 
imported  for  sale,  which  the  Governor  in  Council  may  consider  to 
be  likely  to  further  the  introduction  of  any  new  industry  or  the 
improvement  of  any  existing  industry  ;  medical  and  surgical 
instrnnients,  appliances  and  apparatus  imported  by  any  duly 
qualified  medical  practitioner  for  his  own  use;  in  the  exercise  of  his 
profession  ;  telegraph  wire,  telegraphic,  telephonic  and  electrical 
apparatus  and  appliances  of  all  kinds  for  communication  or  illu- 
mination, including  all  material  for  the  use  of  the  West  India  and 
Panama  Telegraph  Co.,  and  any  telegraph  company  (wireless  or 
otherwise)  recognised  by  the  Government. 

BRAZIL. — The  new  Consular  invoice  regulations  for  goods 
shipped  to  Brazil  laid  down  in  the  Budget  for  l'J12,  have  been 
repealed. 

ST.  LUCIA. — A  new  ordinance  passed  by  the  Government  of 
St.  Lucia  provides  that  no  person  shall  establish  any  wireless  tele- 
graph station  or  install  or  work  any  apparatus  for  wireless  tele- 
graphy in  any  place  or  on  board  any  ship  registered  in  the  Colony, 
except  under,  and  in  accordance  with,  a  licence  granted  for  that 
purpose  by  the  Governor.  Also  no  person  shall  work  any  apparatus 
for  wireless  telegraphy  installed  on  any  merchant  ship  whether 
British  or  foreiiin,  while  that  ship  is  in  the  territorial  waters  of 
the  Colony,  otherwise  than  in  accordance  with  prescribed  regula- 
tions. 


INTERNATIONAL    ELECTROTECHNICAL 
COMMISSION. 


Considerable  practical  progress  has  resulted  from  the  meetings 
of  the  Special  Committees  of  the  I. E.G.  held  in  the  Town  Hall, 
Zijrich,  from  January  13th  to  the  19th. 

The  meetings,  to  which  about  12  nations  were  invited  to  send 
special  delegates,  were  presided  over  by  Dr.  W.  Wyssling  (Symbols), 
M.  E.  Huber-Stockar  (Rating),  and  Dr.  H.  Zoelly  (Prime  Movers), 
three  Swiss  being  chosen,  as  the  Commission  adopts  the  plan  of 
choosing,  as  the  president  of  the  Committee,  one  of  the  members 
of  the  National  Committee  of  the  country  in  which  the  meetings 
happen  to  be  held.  Symbols  were  first  dealt  with,  and  a  long  dis- 
cussion took  place  as  to  the  relative  importance  of  distinguishing 
between  vector  and  scalar  quantities  and  between  electric  and 
magnetic  quantities.  The  Germans  urged  very  strongly  that 
the  whole  of  the  script  alphabet  should  not  be  taken  up  for 
the  sake  of  a  very  few  magnetic  quantities  ;  if  these  were  made  to 
differ,  ui  the  actual  symbol,  from  the  corresponding  electric  quantities 
the  script  characters  would  be  set  free  for  vectors  which  they  say 
will,  to  an  increasing  extent,  be  employed  for  the  practical  solution 
of  alternating-current  problems.  The  majority  of  the  delegates, 
and  especially  the  French  were,  however,  against  the  German  pro- 
posal, being  of  opinion  that,  from  the  point  of  view  of  electro- 
technics  alone,  it  was  imperative  to  be  able  to  distinguish  between 
electric  and  magnetic  quantities.  It  may  be  that  this  subject  has 
not  received  as  much  consideration  in  the  National  Committees  as 
it  merits.  With  a  few  additions  and  notable  modifications,  such 
as  Maxwell's  d  lor  electrostatic  flux-density  instead  of  B,  the  Paris 
proposals  of  last  May  were  agrefd  to.  Should,  therefore,  the 
proposals  of  the  Pan-German  Society,  the  A.E.F.  (Ausschuss  fiir 
Einheiten  und  Formelpiossen)  find  favour  ultimately,  generally 
speaking,  the  symbols  proposed  would  not  be  confused,  as  the  letters 
would  not  be  identical  for  electric  and  magnetic  quantities. 

The  rating  question  occupied  three  whole  days  of  strenuous 
but  most  amichble  discussion.  The  British  views  were  ably  put 
forward  by  Dr.  Gisbert  Kapp  and  Dr.  R.  T.  Glazebrock,  C.B.,  the 
latter  especially  interesting  himself  in  the  proposal  for  an  inter- 
national standard  for  copper,  the  exact  form  of  which  is  to  be 
decided,  in  consultation,  by  the  four  National  Laboratories  of 
America,  France.  Germany  and  Great  Britain  :  the  result  will  form 
a  special  publication  of  the  I  E.C.  Dr.  Kapp  was  mnrh  assisted  by 
Mr.  A.  R.  Everest,  the  official  representative  of  the  B  E.A.M.A.,  and 
the  co-operation  of  the  British  manufacturers  was  dnl;  appreciated. 


284 


.T^T..    P.T.F.rTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Vq^^^.  no.  .,83M.bk..b.  u.  ms. 


Modifications  a.d  new  ^J^Zt^^  o:'o:iyZ''^'cl'ZTZfr 
National  Committees  and^  tie  pr^nt  p^als  more  complete, 
consideration   has  rendered  the  Prweni  P    P"  ^  ^  ^-hole, 

and  much  more  likely   of  XS^March  last  :    "t  should  not,  how- 
r  rLS^t^rth^a^T^VrL^no^^^^^^  concrete  was  before  the 

^-ririnte-tine  Pro-a^-^^^^^ 

the  rules  as  at  present  ^'loP^^y  ?^„    of  the  local  Committees 

that    the    delegates    are    ^^^JT'^^^^J^'^^^.yiii.UhooAotthe 

responsible  for  ^^^  ,|^„*J^°^:  , '^i^!' jSa  ir>nTo  the  local  rules. 

I.E.C.  proposals  "^"'^T  nf  MtinTfs  to  be  the  ultimate  temperature. 
For  instance,  the  basis  of  rating  18  tow  tn  damaging 

and  >^ot  t»>«.*«"^P7S'.  Vsio  te  recomLended^nBtead  of  the 
factor  :  the  cooling  ^^  ^^^^J^^  ^,th„ds,  whatreally  has  to  be 
"  surrounding  air,  as,  uuuer  ■  "  ;„t„  ti,,.  Tmu-hine  which  is  not 
taken  into  account  is  ^be  -r  j-^^^hS  the  mX  Ts  'nit  to  be  held 
necessarily  the  surrounding  a""-  J-j^^^  r.michine  if  it  is  made  to 
responsible  for  the  P^of  ™'^:7,  ff  *  San  orders  a  l.OdO-KW. 
eai^  a  continuous  o^rloa^   so  that  if   a  man  o 

Commltfe.   .re   to   ta  f'^"'f^.    '"V'J  ^"""tiBc.tion   .t  the 
;Sf  pleu^r^ifroTror^-i™;:  t.  b.U  tn  Be.Uo  ,.» 

recommendations  of    the   IEC-.  ^^^^  ™JJl%3^^^^ 
recommend  the  r  e-^P^^yf  .">';'^^tt  that  when  the^necessity  arises 

the  25delega^s   --^^Se^t  of   SctlcL"^^^^^^      P^f^ftb' 
S  pTo'f.  j'e;n'i;nd;y!"2e  from  Lausanne  to  preside  at  the 

°^Tte  Srm  of  the    Turin  meeting  in  appoi^^^^^^^^^^^ 
internationalcommUteesto  discuss  act     1  detai^^^  ^^  ^^^ 

definite  proposals  has   ^^IdW  be  of  real  practical  value  to  the 
Zurich  meetings  will  "'>'^°""^^'y  7/^  BerHn   it   wUl  form  the 

foreign  trade. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    TOR. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913. 


t   u,.  M»=«Tm    W     P.    Thompson  &    Co., 
Compiled  expressly  Jo^,»h'?,  ^°^'^H^JhHolbo™     London.    W.C..    and    at 
Elre';^^Sl  anl^BrUloCti  wlfom"'.!  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 

•     ,    .,»!«„  "    M  8  Okdb.    (Convention  date,(Janaary;26th, 
2128     "Electrically-controlled    gas    valves. 
"i3e^.Control^J_e.ectricm.o.^an.^ 

BCHUCKEBTWERKE  G.M  B.H.       (V^uve 

January  21th.    (Complete.)  ...^  a-^ice  and  detachable  lamp-cap  tor 

•2.189.    "Combined   »"'°"*''°J°f'°|  ^hriikt?  to  their  holders."    H.  T. 
lockinK  bayonet  type  electric  lamps  and  the   hkb, 

Woaafi^L.' January  aith.    *t^°"P"^';-'    ,„„;„!„„    and   similar    conductors." 
I,"^'-   c;Tr'"tcorentr"d\trFiruarV""l6th,    19ia,    united   Btates.) 

^'^r^Devq^l^^u^-.anim.s.^    H.S«^^^^ 

January  »th.  1912,  Germany.)    January  27  hJCom^         )     ^^    ^^^     ^ 

a.liM.      "Receiver     '"j;  „«"^'"'\;\"/ oe  many.)^  (Complete.) 

(Convention  date,  November  JOih,  '-"Ij' ^""»  J    g  O^s.  „.b.H.      Con- 

2,1H5.    ••«««-''«■■  '°'f"ri\TGeranvTjanu^^^  (Complete.) 

otherarticles."  M.  D.ck.nbon.  •"'""^f 'f„^„  „  „.  sm.th.  (Convention 
a  199.    "  Apparatus    for    el?'^»'o«"''°f ,    January  Sirh.    (Complete.) 

date.Februa'r?  nth,  1912,  Ln.ted  H.ates.)  J»°"»7  ^^^  ^,„^^  ^  electric  arcs 
2  au.    "  Method  and  apparatus  {or  the  p;°'*"=;;°"^.,,oi.a8KiT      January    27lh. 

lor    the    treatment    ol  gases.         F.    H.     «• 

^'ll^rr- Disinfecting  apparaU.s  fo^^-ephones  -f  J-  '^>'|^„aV^27^^: 
(Convention     date,     March     l.ltn,     u". 

r.r-- Remote-controlled  e.ecUical  circuit-breaWer."  8.  WH.rr,  C.  W.  D. 
n7""■H^ecu:c:,^orn"ro/the  vanable  type."  A.  K.  W.rK.«s. 
'","^7  "^Metal-sheathea  insulated  electric  conductors."  F.J.B.on^and 
H.8.  FuiiSEACN.    January  28th.  connection    with    electrical 

hS.coo^Stnd'^rn-^r^tinra^P--- '^  "^  •'•^<'"^-   ^""^^ 

2Hlh.  ,  „i..„ra "    H   F.  JOKL,  Sen.     (Divided 

plete.l 


^■-f    •■-'«^'h"S^frG^4\'nr.'"j-l^^--"icot;p^^^^^^    '°°"'^°"°" 
'Ti2"'""Ie:!:fc  sound^g  reader."      P.^G.  Beow.rx  and  W.  O.  B.nk.xt. 

''am'"  Electric  lampholder."    J.8.Ho.«.s.    J--y  r\v     w     B.    F. 
2,868       "  Electricdriven     -cuum-eleanrng     apparatus  W     W.    B.    r. 

,C^tnt;;r''rJ:'S^^r"?^t'r!:i'^^^^0       jSiuary     29th. 

(Complete.)  „    w     T    Rickets.    (Addition  to  4,282  of  1911.) 

Q  8't7.    "  Telephone  systems."    W.  J.   Rickets.    v«u" 
January  29th.    (Complete.)  Gali-owav.  j<™.      (Convention  date, 

2,409.    "Selecting  devices  for  telephone  and  other  system^s_^^^^     ^^^ 
anpCo.Ltd.    <8'emens&HalskeAktG^^^^^^^  ^^    ltd. 

o  iiR     "Electric    controllers.  biutisu     ■'""  . 

(o'enlral   Elecuic  Co.,  United  States  )    J-""^  f  ^'^'^^^  ^,^,^,„  ,i„B  Of 

2  423.     "  Means  for  connecting  an  electr.c  cable  to  the  delona.or 
miiing  cartridges."    N.  Field.    J^^TcT.ng  electric  conductors  to  terminals." 

2,424.    "  Method  and  means  of  connecting  eiecvrii,  cu 
N.  FieLd.    January  29th.  r,„,no8     January  80tb. 

i:^.    ::^;:::r°:'^r-  <  ";^t=:-~.bls  and  .r  craft." 
p.  Haix.    January  aOth.  .,     r     T   Himon    A.  F.  Kobebts  and  E.  H. 

2  469.    "  Storage  battery  charging.       L.  J.  Bimon,  a.  r .  « 

Chadwick."    January  30th.  ,,.n.(„rmation  of  three-phase  alter- 

2,471.    ••  Arrarg»ment  for  the  static  tranormationo.^^t^  ^^^^P^  ^^^^^^^^^ 

Dating  current  into  o"«;Pl>»'\»''"°**'°5anuary  30ih.    (Complete.) 

'f±^^^r^errq.^o..^J<..r.e.Uon  date.  April  3rd. 

19lf  united  States.)    January  30th     <ComPle    •)  q.  B.  Blackweix 

^G^'  :^/rK\c°'  'l^ren'ttnr.  'A;TnZ\m,  Umted  states.) 

Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    January  30'^.  ^^^^^  ,„,  insulating 

Jf  ^.at;7ar  otL^iX:?L^'^rccum=%r/s  ?r"o1n  their  cells."  H.  H. 
""7^:  "X'l^'f'u'nace  with  electrodes  rnnning  through  the  rece^pU^  for 
dbL^EirfC-S^t-^ntJo-D^i'aVTeLSar'J  it°h.  mJf  Austria.)    January  31st. 

S2fE.rsr?.^^'t  jiXT^»^ '^^^-  -- 

31st.  ,,    t:-    A    r  o  .HAM  and  W.  J.  Rickets.    January 

2  610.    "Telephone  systems."    E.  A.  Geaham  ana  w.  -. 

31st.    (Complete.)  ..      r     N     Hill,      ((invention  date, 

2  612      "Selective    signalling    system.         B-r4-»^^ 
^^^^';^!;rt=ing'=c"u^witi:  lids  Of   boxes." 

=2t""Co,tcrs^r-efe:r^u^nts."      0.    C.  W.so.   and  Bbow. 
MACKENZIE  Bi.NAi.  CO    LTD.    February  .^^^  manchkstee   and   H.    M. 

2  693     "Primary    electric    batteries.  A.    r.    ou 

Bpooneb.     February  Ist.    (Complete.)  ^  g  j^^^^ 

2  697      "  Electric  transformers.       C.  Ash  «  &ons  a 
and  w:  G.LEE.    February  1st.    ^Complete.)  ^^^^    ^ 

2,700.    "  Control    system    for    automatic    switches.^  ^^^^^  ^^^^^  j^^^_  jgjj^ 
Pabuik    E.  ZwiETiiscH    &  Co.    u.m.D.ri.      tv^v^ 
G«many.)    February  1st.    (Complete.) 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

copies  of  any  of^the  Speciaca.o       -„-e^..wing^,i^^^^^^^^^ 
jJiverpooTand  Bradford?p^^ce,  post  free.  9d.  (m  stamps,. 


1911 


Endmebation  of 


TELEPHONE  CALLS.    S.  D.  Williams.    28,007.    December  18th. 


1912. 


ELECTBICAL     ATTACHMENT     EOB     MOTION     P.CTUB.      MACHINES.        G.     E.     War 

18.072.    August  6th.  „ „„      ti    Tllebv.     19.099 


Electrical    Attachmkni    r-..   - 

18.072.    Augusteth.  Projectors.     R.  Blgby.     19.099. 

Hasd-reoclatf.d  Electbic  Abo  Lamps 

August  20th.  r^„„„„/.,nBii.    T.  E.   Murray. 


HaSD-BEOCLATF.D    fcLECiKl"    o.-" 

August  20th.  EI.BCTBIC  CiBcrrr  Conductors.    T.  E.  Murray. 

^-^^^"^^Z:^^"^^^^^^^^    ..HE.      Maschinenfabri. 
ELErrsic     LocoMorivKS.     M°T°";"°?Septem  ber  Isrd.  1911.)  •     , 

Oerlikon.    19.890.     August  .list.    '"'P'"'"^.^^  ^„„  telephone  Exobanoeb 

2i,940.     September  26th.  p„„motation  in  Botaby  ConvebteM 

Abbanoements  kok  0»">-;;°/;„^„%"^';"rBT' m  Bcbuckertwerk. 

CouPLK.i.  TO   AJ'Y^'lf.'i'thlNovember  14th,  1911.)  .1 

Ges.    23,280.    October  1 1th.    <r<o^"DUB  .         Thomson  -  Houston    Co, 

,.„„    FiurxRic    Conddctobb.       uriimu     iuu"- 
Connkctohs    lOii    t.LECTBic    v^"       November  9th.  . 

(General  Electric  Co.)    !:5.775.     ^J"*""  ,  e,,bctbodes.    Korting  an( 

DiErEBENTiAL  A«c  LAMP  '"" 'f '■}f<f,"eSberi  th      (December  22nd,  191U 

Mathieson  Akt.Ges.    26,318.     ^°"™'  r^j,p«.     Korting  &  MatbiesO^ 

80LESO.I,  CoiL  POB  A,„„^^.:<o-^^^^^^^^^^^ 

Akt..Ge,.    ".""-^   N-^f  ;^^  ^-ibiett.    819.    January  10th. 
ELHCTRic  Btobaok  Battebiks.     J.  ,.„„ary  12th. 

BioKALLiNO  LAMPS.     H.  J.  Jo^ett.    8f- ^'''''J'Ji^.    991.    January  nth. 
VAPOUB  ELECTBIC  LAMPS.     ^ '^^^^^^^ ::,\ThZI'    1,0.3.     January  13ih. 
ELECTRIC  Battebt  LAMPS.    *"  """'^ ';7    „     , _i66.    January  15  h. 
HOLDEBS  FOB  Elmtb.o  Lamps.    A.  B.  Mull     .^^  .^^^  ^^^  Caudolite  Co.    1,H 

='-''5In"u;r\"l5th"°VornaU%PP>^»^^^^^  ^•"«°' ''''' 


THE 


EXjEOTI^/ICJLXj    K/E'VIES'W". 


Vol.  LXXII. 


FEBRUAllY  2],  1918. 


No.  1,88'J,:  { 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


Tol.  LXXII.] 


CONTENTS  :  February  21,  1918. 


[No.  1, 


,889. 
Page 

Tho  Settlement  of  Trade  Disputes         286 

Tramway  Labour  Conditions  in  Australia          28G 

Btandardination  o(  Electrical  Machinery            287 

Tho  AsHociation  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers          287 

Limited  Partnerships          ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  287 

Brititih  Antarctic  Expedition  Telephones  07ZtM.)          288 

Notes  from  Canada 288 

Correspondence : — 

Blpctrical  Engineers  in  India            289 

Arc  Lamps  for  the  Outside  Lighting  of  Shops,  &c.          ...  289 

Testing  the  Continuity  of  Earth  Conductors  (iZiia.)        ...  289 

Association  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers          290 

Screw  Caps  for  Radiator  Lamps  {ilhts.)      290 

Heavy  Service  Lampholders  and  Adapters             291 

Cost  of  Running  Small  Generating  Station           291 

Blectrochemistry  in  1912 291 

Legal 291 

Australian  Tramway  Companies  and  their  Employes. — X.     ...  292 

Our  Legal  Query  Column 29;i 

Business  Notes         293 

Notes 301 

Self-Starting  Synchronous  Motors  (iZiai.)          305 

Electrical  Apparatus  and  Standardisation         300 

The  New  Works  of  Messrs.  Eckstein,  Heap  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (villus.)  308 

Copper          309 

City  Notes 312 

Stocks  and  Shares 316 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         317 

German  Exports  of  Electrical  Goods  in  1912 319 

The  Use  of   Electricity  and  Electrical  Accidents  in  Mines 

(.continued^            320 

Applications  for  Situations           321 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Starting  and  Speed  Control  of  Induction  Motors  (Jllui.)  322 
Some  Methods  of    Magnifying  Feeble  Signalling  Cur- 
rents Ciito.) 324 

American  Electrical  Installations 325 

Ooptrol  of  Meters  and  Lamps  from  the  Central  Station  iillus.')  325 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  {illtis.')      327 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 328 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     328 

Contractors'  Column          Advertisement  pages  xxvi,  xxviii  and  xxx 

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THE  UNIVERSAL  ELECTRICAL  DIRECTORY 

(J.  A.  Bery'.). 

1913     EDITION 

H.  Alahaattr,  Catehou$e  &  Co.,  4.  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  E.C. 

[285 


At  a  time  of  piping  industrial  peace  when  both  trade  nnion* 
and  employers  appear  to  be  content  to  live  in  harmony,  the 
Government  has  thought  it  wise  to  consider  what  steps  may 
be  usefully  taken  to  prevent  the  outbreak  of  war  in  the 
future.  The  longer  a  truce  of  thi.s  kind  endures,  the  more 
bitter  is  war  likely  to  be  when  it  does,  in  fact,  break  out. 
When  the  crest  of  the  wave  of  prosperity  has  fallen,  and  it 
becomes  necessary  for  employers  to  retrench,  we  may  expect 
the  strike  to  become  the  order  of  the  day — and  the  disputes 
which  may  then  occur  will  be  all  the  longer  and  all  the  more 
strenuously  fought,  if  the  war-chests  have  been  filled  to 
repletion. 

With  a  view  to  seeing  whether  there  is  anything  to  be 
gained  by  tearing  a  leaf  out  of  the  Canadian  book,  the 
Government  recently  sent  Sir  George  Askwith  to  the 
Dominion,  in  order  tliat  he  might  inquire  into  the  working 
of  the  Lemieux  Act  (The  Industrial  Disputes  Investigation 
Act  of  Canada,  1907.) 

The  simple  purpose  of  the  Act  is  to  ensure  the  recognition 
of  the  interests  of  the  public,  as  a  third  party,  in  trade  dis- 
putes, and  the  insistence  that  that  third  party,  through  the 
Government,  shall  have  a  voice  in  regard  to  a  dispute 
afifecting  its  interests,  and,  according  to  the  Act,  before  a 
stoppage  of  work  takes  place.  In  practice  the  recognition 
extends  to  cases  arising  before  or  after  a  stoppage  of  work. 
The  actual  interference  with  the  parties  in  the  settlement  of 
their  differences  is  sought  to  be  reduced  to  a  minimum  by 
the  Act  being  confined  to  industries  whose  uninterrupted 
continuance  is  of  high  importance  to  the  well-being  of  the 
nation  (mining,  railways,  shipping  and  other  public  utilities)  ; 
and  to  a  brief  suspension  of  the  right  to  stop,  as  distinct 
from  a  complete  prohibition  of  stoppage. 

The  Act  requires  that  any  dispute  arising  in  connection 
with  the  class  of  industries  named  shall  be  submitted  to  a 
board  of  conciliation  and  investigation,  with  a  view  to 
arriving  at  a  settlement  before  a  strike  or  lock-out  can  be 
legally  brought  about.  It  also  stipulates  that  at  least 
30  days'  notice  of  an  intrtided  change  afifecting  conditions 
of  employment  with  respect  to  wages  or  hours  shall  be  given, 
and  that  pending  the  proceedings  before  the  Board,  in  the 
event  of  such  intended  change  resulting  in  a  dispute,  the 
relations  to  each  other  of  the  parties  to  the  dispute  shall 
remain  unchanged,  and  neither  party  shall  do  anything  in 
the  nature  of  a  lock-out  or  a  strike. 

It  will  be  seen  that  this  is  not  a  measure  for  compulsory 
arbitration  ;  it  only  eudea\'ours  to  postpone  a  stoppage  of 
work  in  certain  industries  for  a  brief  jieriod  and  for  a  specific 
purpose.  It  does  not  prohibit  a  strike  or  lock-out  if  it  is 
found  that  no  recommendation  can  be  devised  which  is 
acceptable  to  both  sides.  Smce  the  Act  was  passed  132  dis- 
putes have  been  referred  for  adjustment,  and  in  only  15  of 
them  were  strikes  not  averted  or  ended. 

The  Act,  it  appears,  was  originally  very  much  opposed 
by  the  Western  coal  miners  and  railway  men.  It  is  still 
1 


286 


THE     ELECTRICAL     EEVIEW.   [Vol.  72.    No.  1,839,  February  21,  1913. 


opposed  by  the  miners  and  their  Unions,  but  the  railway 
men  now  approve  of  it.  The  employers  in  Canada  also  seeir. 
to  approve  of  it.  Indeed,  the  figures  above  mentioned  aie  the 
best  possible  evidence  that  the  Act  has  caught  on  in  the 
Dominion. 

Having  examined  a  number  of  persons  in  Quebec,  Van- 
couver, Ottawa,  and  Montreal,  as  to  the  working  of  the  Act, 
Sir  G.  Askwith  is  of  opinion  that  it  might  be  applied  in  some 
form  or  other  in  this  country.  In  his  report,  which  has 
been  published  as  a  Parliamentary  paper,  he  writes  : — 

I  consider  that  the  forwarding-  of  the  spirit  and  intent  of  con- 
ciliation is  the  more  valuable  portion  of  the  Canadian  Act,  and 
that  an  Act  on  these  lines,  even  if  the  restrictive  ffatures  which 
aim  at  delaying  stoppage  until  after  inquiry  were  omitted,  would 
be  suitable  and  practicable  in  this  country.  Such  an  Act  need  not 
necessarily  be  applied  in  all  cases,  but  neither  need  it  be  confined  to 
services  of  public  utility.  It  could  be  generally  available  in  cases 
where  the  public  were  likely  to  be  seriously  affected.  Without  the 
restrictive  features,  it  would  give  the  right  not  only  to  conciliate 
but  fully  to  investigate  the  matters  in  dispute,  with  similar  powers 
in  regard  to  witnesses,  production  of  documents  and  inspection,  as 
are  vested  in  a  Court  of  record  in  civil  cases,  with  a  view,  if  concilia- 
tion fails,  to  recommendations  being  made  as  to  what  are  believed 
to  be  fair  terms.  Such  an  Act,  while  not  ensuring  complete  absence 
of  strikes  and  lock-outs,  would  be  valuable,  in  my  opinion,  alike  to 
the  country  and  to  employers  and  employed. 

"While  we  frankly  admit  that  there  are  few  men  better 
qualified  to  form  an  opinion  on  these  questions  than  Sir  George 
Askwith,  we  are  of  opinion  that  with  him  the  wish  is  father 
to  the  thought.  The  stubborn  attitude  of  the  English  Trade 
Union,  which  brooks  no  interference  with  the  alleged  right 
of  the  worker  to  throw  down  his  tools  as  and  when  he  chooses, 
appears  to  militate  against  the  prospects  of  successful  legisla- 
tive interference. 

It  is  difficult  to  express  much  more  than  a  pious  hope 
that  the  Act  wliich  has  proved  serviceable  in  Canada  would 
be  of  any  use  in  this  country.  No  foundations  for  such  a 
structure  have  ever  been  laid  down  in  England.  So  far  from 
penalising  those  who  break  their  contracts,  the  tendency 
appears  to  be  to  tolerate  and  condone  every  violation  of  the 
usual  obligations  which  exist  between  employers  and 
employed,  and  to  extend  the  right  of  free  speech  to  every 
protagonist  who  can  catch  the  ear  of  the  mob.  Here  is  an 
extract  from  Mr.  Keir  Hardie,  speaking  at  South  Shields  on 
December  22nd,  1!)12  : — "The  Parliamentary  Committee  of 
the  Trarle  Union  Congress  was  considering  proposals.  .  .  . 
One  proposal  was  that  on  a  given  date  every  organised 
worker  in  every  trade  should  stop  working  when  the  eight 
hours  were  up.  Xo  strike.  .  .  .  Simply  at  the  end  of  lite 
eight  hours  down  toots.  If  that  came  to  a  tork-oitt,  welt  and 
good.  It  is  an  important  non-resistive  proposal  which  the 
employer  classes  would  find  it  very  difficult  to  resist."  Our 
Canadian  brethren  have  apparently  examined  the  down-tool 
policy,  and  have  found  it  wanting.  The  tree  of  Conciliation  has 
been  planted,  and  is  found  to  flourish,  in  the  virgin  soil  of 
our  great  Dominion  ;  but  so  long  as  the  Keir  Hardie  type 
of  man  is  at  large  to  advocate  the  policy  of  the  sudden  strike 
and  to  stir  up  strife  between  employers  and  employed,  legis- 
lation to  enforce  industrial  peace  will  continue  to  be  futile. 

Ever  since  the  year  1H75  the  trend  of  all  legislation 
which  affects  trade  unions  lias  been  in  one  direction  : 
complete  emancipation  of  the  unions  from  every  kind  of 
legislative  and  ministerial  control.  They  have  already 
secured  a  partial  revei*sal  of  the  Osborne  judgment.  Is  it 
likely  that  the  demagogue,  who  makes  his  living  by  foment- 
ing strife  between  employer  and  employed,  will  consent  to 
any  new  legislation  which  will  tend  to  prevent  those  dis- 
putes which  are  the  be-all  and  the  end-all  of  his  existence  ? 


TRAMWAY   LABOUR  CONDITIONS   IN 
AUSTRALIA. 


[Tile  end  of  last  year  saw  what  was  practically  the  close  of 
the  greatest  labour  fight  in  which  electric  tramway  employes 
have  Vxien  engaged.  Although  a  strike  formed  one  of  the 
side  issues  in  the  early  stages,  the  main  interest  centred  in  a 
trial    in  the    Australian   Commonwealth   Arbitration  Court 


lasting  93  days,  in  which  no  lawyers  took  part.  The  battle 
was  for  improved  conditions  of  service,  and  although  the  men 
have  not  obtained,  by  any  means,  all  that  they  desired  or 
asked,  they  have  been  awarded  terms  which  for  any  under- 
taking in  this  country  would  have  been  deemed  fatal  to 
commercial  stability.  In  one  respect  the  case  promises  to 
be  historic.  It  is,  we  believe,  the  first  time  that  a  duly 
authorised  court  has  embodied  the  principle  of  preference  to 
Unionists  in  a  legal  award. 

The  case  has  been  argued  with  great  ability  by  the  repre- 
sentatives of  both  employers  and  employes,  though  what  the 
fight  has  cost  in  the  withdrawal  of  managerial  supervision  on 
one  side,  and  the  i)reparation  and  prosecution  of  their  case  on 
the  other,  the  balance-sheets  of  the  respective  organisations 
alone  can  show.  The  principal  features  of  the  fight  havcbeen 
from  time  to  time  summarised  in  our  columns.  The  passing 
of  the  Australian  Arbitration  .\ct  was  followed  by  the 
establishment  of  a  Men's  Union  having  branches  in  all  the 
different  States.  Members  of  this  Union  claimed  the  right 
to  wear  their  membership  badges  while  on  duty.  This  caused 
trouble  at  Brisbane,  where  the  right  was  disputed  by  the 
Tramway  Co.,  and  led  to  a  strike  which  eventually  spread 
to  all  trades,  and  a  sort  of  general  deadlock  prevailed  for  a 
time.  Matters  settled  down,  and  the  company  resumed  work, 
employing  non-unionists.  A  lawsuit  was  commenced  against 
the  company,  and  it  was  eventually  decided  that  the  men 
were  within  their  legal  rights  in  wearing  their  Union  badge. 
As  at  the  time  when  the  decision  was  given  the  company  had 
none  of  the  members  of  the  Men's  Union  in  their  employ, 
it  was  a  rather  fruitless  victory. 

^leantime  the  Union  formulated  a  long  list  of  demands, 
not  merely  covering  increased  wages,  but  practically  claiming 
conirol  of  the  manner  in  which  the  undertakings  should  be 
worked,  and  presented  this  list  simultaneously  to  the  11 
principal  undertakings  in  the  Commonwealth.  Sydney  being 
under  Government  control  was  not  concerned  in  the  dispute. 
Naturally  the  claims  w-ere  refused.  On  the  ground  of  there 
being  a  dispute  extending  beyond  the  bounds  of  a  single 
State,  the  case  came  before  the  Federal  Arbitration  Court  at 
Melbourne,  Mr.  Justice  Higgins  presiding.  Lawyers  do  not 
appear  in  this  Court,  the  cases  being  presented  by  the 
parties  concerned.  For  93  days,  extending  from  March  4th 
to  December  21st,  the  case  went  ^  on,  and  the  results  are 
now  to  hand.  In  nine  cases  the  parties  finally  arrived  at 
arrangements  outside  the  Court,  which  have  since  been 
embodied  in  binding  agreements.  If  these  have  not  been 
completed,  awards  on  the  basis  of  the  principal  agreemeat 
have  by  this  time  come  into  operation. 

In  the  case  of  the  remaining  two  undertakings — Adelaide 
and  Brisbane — no  agreements  could  be  arrived  at,  and 
awards  have  bceu  made  by  the  Judge,  which,  under  the  Act, 
are  binding  on  the  parties.  It  should  be  said  that  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Court  to  decide  this  dispute  has  been 
questioned,  and  may  jet  be  the  subject  of  further  pro 
ceedings.  The  men  asked  for  a  wage  of  lis.  per  day  of 
eight  hours  for  all  drivers  and  conductors,  with  percentage 
increases  of  10  per  cent,  and  If)  per  cent,  for  various 
States.  They  have  been  awarded  8s.  6d.  per  day 
for  the  first  year  of  service,  Os.  for  the  second  year, 
and  9s.  Gd.  for  subsequent  years.  They  asked  that 
only  10  per  cent,  of  the  total  number  of  drivers  and  con- 
ductors should  be  employed  on  broken  shifts  ;  the  award  ha& 
fix^d  the  percentage  at  20  per  cent.,  or  snch  proportion  as 
may  be  decided  by  a  Board  of  Peference,  consisting  of  . 
representatives  of  both  sides.  The  men  asked  for  2 1  days* 
holiday  per  year  on  full  pay;  they  are  awarded  14  days  on 
1 2  days'  pay.  The  men  demanded  preference  for  members 
of  their  organisation  in  all  undertakings  ;  it  has  only  been 
granted  in  one  case,  namely,  at  Brisbane.  These  terms  vary 
in  the  case  of  the  agreements,  but  are  common  to  the  awards, 
which  in  themselves  differ  in  other  minor  points. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  what  would  be  the 
effect  on  the  financial  position  of  prominent  British  under- 
takings, if  the  awards  were  operative  in  this  country.  At 
Adelaide  the  tramways  belong  to  a  trust,  composed  of  the 
local  municipal  authorities,  and  by  law  a  certain  sum  hae 
to  f)e  set  aside  annually  for  sinking  fund.  The  fares  arc  at 
present  so  high  that  inoreases  are  inadmissible.  The  pre- 
sent deficiency  is  about  £  1 5,000  per  annum,  and  the  new  con- 


Vol.72.    No.  1.839,  February  21,  1«i:j.]     THE     ELECTRICAL     HE  VIEW. 


287 


flitioiiH  impose  uboiit  ii  fmilior  £\  1, 000,  or  iiddilioiial  rutCH 
ill  llie  viirioiiH  U)Vvi)Hlii|m  of  from  2(1.  to  Ud.  iti  tbc  i!. 

The  tonim  of  the  awiinlH  seem  to  im  to  l)e  ho  Hcverc  that 
to  11  hirj^'e  extent  they  (h;feat  tlieir  oliject,  iind,  inaHiiiuch 
as  tliey  interfen!  with  the  proper  function  of  the  miwingcr,  to 
he  positively  mischievous. 

As  regards  the  insertion  of  legal  preference  for  the 
members  of  the  Union,  we  cannot  too  strongly  condemn  the 
principle.  It  seems  to  us  to  introduce  a  new  weapon  of 
oppression  into  our  industrial  life.  It  is  true  that  the  .Judge 
tried  in  the  j)hrasing  of  the  award  to  limit  its  ohjiclionable 
features,  and  it  is  also  true  that  every  opportunity 
was  givtin  the  company  to  avoid  its  insertion  by  agreeing 
not  to  discriminate  against  the  Men's  Union,  but  these 
facts  do  not,  in  our  opinion,  justify  its  adoption.  We  do 
not  tliiuk  it  will  bridge  the  gulf  which  in  the  last  few 
years  has  appeared  between  the  company  and  its  workers, 
and  we  feel  that  it  sets  a  precedent  which  will  increase  rather 
than  lessen  the  friction  which  so  often  exists  between  employer 
and  employe,  and  which  it  is  the  duty  of  the  State  to 
mininiise  by  holding  the  scales  of  justice  evenly  between  the 
parties.  \Ve  hoix;,  in  the  interests  of  the  peaceful  industrial 
development  of  the  Commonwealth,  that  our  fears  may  prove 
groundless. 


Standardisation 
•f  Electrical 
Apparatus. 


Wk  are  fully  aware  of  the  danger  of 
standardisation  in  any  growing  industry, 
owing  to  its  tendency  to  prevent  the  adop- 
tion of  improvements,  but  the  electrical 
industry  cannot  be  referred  to,  even  by  its  bitterest  enemy, 
as  being  still  in  its  infancy. 

A  number  of  things  in  the  electrical  world  have  been 
standardised  with  great  benefit  to  all  concerned,  but  there  is, 
in  our  opinion,  need  for  further  standardisation,  especially 
in  connection  with  domestic  appliances.  Electricity  has 
invaded  the  home,  and  is  doing  far  more  than  gas  could  ever 
do  to  minister  to  our  comforts. 

The  manufacturer,  contractor,  supply  authority,  and  the 
consumer,  are  all  affected  by  the  present  lack  of  uniformity 
which  exists  in  almost  all  electrical  apparatus.  The  cause  is 
to  be  found  in  the  immense  improvements  that  have  been 
made  in  design.  The  manufacturers  have  no  definite  rules 
to  go  on  ;  each  one  acts  as  be  thinks  best,  and  everyone 
suffei-s  to  a  certain  extent.  The  general  public  feel  that 
electrical  repairs  are  expensive,  for  a  complete  new  apparatus 
has  generally  to  be  bought,  instead  of  ifs  being  easily 
possible  to  replace  the  actual  part  broken.  It  is  because 
one  maker's  fuse-clip  or  plug  will  not  fit  another  maker's 
fuseboard  or  socket  that  so  many  electricity  consumers  allow 
their  installations  to  get  into  a  deplorable  condition  before 
going  to  the  expense  of  completely  new  apparatus. 

A  short  article  elsewhere  in  this  issue  points  out  some 
typical  cases  of  electrical  apparatus  that  could  with  advan- 
tage be  dealt  with  by  the  British  Engineering  Standards 
Committee  and  the  Manufacturers'  Association. 

Electric  lighting  has  benefited  largely,  for  example,  by  the 
fixing  of  definite  standards  for  lampholders,  and  we  regret 
that  it  has  not  been  possible  in  the  case  of  electric  lighting 
and  power  to  fix  the  pressure  of  supply  and  the  periodicity  at 
one  or  two  figures  that  would  meet  all  conditions. 


One  of  the  most  useful  and  important 
The  Association  functions  of  a  newspaper,  whether   tech- 

„.   ..  nical  or  otherwise,  is  to  facilitate  the  free 

station 

Engineers.       ^^'^  °P®^  discussion  of  all  subjects  which 

lie  within  its  scope,  and  thus  to  enable  its 

readers  publicly   to  commune  with  one  another  with  a  view 

to  the  common  welfare.     By  no  other  means  is  it  possible  to 

open  up  communications  between  persons  who  do  not  know 

one  another,  and  are  often  not  even  aware  of  each  other's 

existence,  but  -who  nevertheless  possess  interests  in  common 

and  desire  to  find  their  fellows. 

II  has,  therefore,  been  a  source  of  pleasure  to  us  that 


with  the  aid  of  our  "  Corrf  Hjxjndencc "  <oliimn!<,  an  the 
rcHulrof  II  discuHHion  arising  out  of  u  letur  on  an  allied 
8ul)ject  from  a  chief  engineer,  and  exteiMliiig  (jver  wime 
three  months — u  discuHsion  often  Homewhut  irrelevant  and 
sometimes  bitter,  but  always  turning  on  the  grievnnwH  of 
the  junior  stalls  of  electricity  workB — the  mcm\)en 
of  those  stafTs  have  Ijcen  brought  into  touch  with  one 
another,  and  a  new  Afsociation  Iibh  Uen  formed 
to  voice  their  vi(;w8  and  to  safeguard  their  interest*.  An 
excellent  start  has  been  made.  Within  a  few  weeks  of  the 
first  iinnouncement  of  an  address  to  write  to,  which  appeared 
only  in  our  columns,  s<jrne  1,000  replies  were  riox-ived  by  Mr. 
Ebben,  the  enthusiastic  and  energetic  hon.  sfcretary,  and  a 
large  number  have  already  intimated  their  intention  of  joining 
the  Association.  The  main  objects  of  the  latter  are  to  raise  the 
status  of  the  staffs  of  electricity  works  and  to  improve  their 
wages  and  prospects.  The  Association  is  in  no  eense  hostile 
to  the  chief  engineers,  some  of  whom,  we  believe,  have 
already  signified  their  approval  of  its  aims  and  have 
promised  their  support,  and  we  trust  that,  under  wise  and 
discreet  management,  it  will  soon  establish  itself  on  a  Eoand 
basis  and  become  a  prosperous  and  beneficent  institution. 

This  is  now  the  third  Association  which  has  originated 
directly  from  correspondence  in  our  pages,  its  elder  brothers 
being  the  Electrical  Contractors'  As-sociatifii  and  the  Associa- 
tion of  Mining  Electrical  Engineers,  both  of  which  have 
amply  justified  their  existence  and  have  done  work  which 
could  have  been  accomplished  by  no  other  agency  ;  and  we 
look  to  the  new  Association  to  follow  in  their  footsteps. 


Not  much  advantage  appears  to  have 
p  j^j  been  taken   of   the    Limited    Partnership 

Act  since  it  was  passed  in  1907,  as,  during 
the  five  years  of  its  existence,  only  some  4!)1  firms  have 
been  registered,  limiting  the  liabihty  on  £1, 3:55, 597  of 
capital.  Its  suitability  to  small  trading  businesses  or  con- 
cerns indicates,  perhaps,  its  principal  advantage,  and  the 
slow  progress  of  the  Act  is  no  doubt  due,  to  some  extent,  to 
certain  imperfections  therein  and  to  the  facilities  for  the 
registration  of  private  companies.  As  is  well  known,  every 
partner  is  liable  jointly  with  the  other  partners,  and  in 
Scotland,  severally  also  for  all  debts  and  obligations  of  the 
firm  incurred  whilst  he  is  a  partner,  and  in  England  he  is 
also  severally  liable  in  certain  events.  The  Act  of  1907, 
which  was  framed  *]ran  the  Continental  law,  confers  the 
benefit  of  limiting  the  liability  of  a  limited  partner  in  a 
business  to  the  contribution  which  he  makes  to  the  partner- 
ship in  either  money  or  property,  just  as  the  liability  of  a 
shareholder  in  a  limited  company  is  limited  to  the  amount 
payable  on  his  shares.  Such  a  partner  is  thus  enabled  to 
participate  in  the  profits  of  a  business  without  being  liable 
(beyond  the  extent  specified)  as  a  partner. 


April  Uith — The  Benevolent    Dinner. — The  annual 

festival  dinner  of  the  Electrical  Trades  Benevolent  Institntion  will 
be  held  at  the  Trocadero  Restaurant  on  Wednesday,  April  16th. 
Mr.  George  Sutton,  of  W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd., 
will  preside,  and  it  is  hoped  that  there  will  be  a  very  large  gathericfir 
of  those  interested  in  the  welfare  of  the  electrical  trade  benevolence 
movement.  We  trust  that  our  readers  will  keep  the  date  free,  and 
in  these  "  better  timei>,''  of  which  we  hear  so  much,  will  prepare  to 
ensure  a  record  "  collection." 

The  National  Insurance  4ct. — The  Bradford  Chamber 

of  Trade  has  occasioned  considerable  stir  among  shop  assistants  by 
issuing  to  all  the  retailers'  associations  of  the  city  copies  of  a  form 
of  agreement,  by  which  the  assistants  signing  it  expressly  relieve 
their  employers  of  any  legal  liability  for  payment  of  wages  during 
''absence  due  to  sickness  or  any  other  cause."  The  position  taken 
up  by  the  Chamber  is  that  it  has  been  advised  that,  in  the  absence 
of  such  an  agreement,  employers  are  legally  liable  to  pay  full  wages 
during  absence  due  to  sickness,  notwithstanding  the  provision  nmde 
for  employed  persons  by  the  National  Health  Insurance  Act  and  the 
Workmen's  Compensation  Act — until  they  have  formally  terminated 
the  engagement  by  giving  the  customary  notice,  and  that  it  would 
be  a  most  unpleasant  thing  to  have  to  give  notice  to  a  sick  or  disabled 
person.  The  shop  assistants,  however,  object  to  the  agreement  in 
question,  and,  upon  advice  from  the  headquarters  of  the  Natiooal 
Shop  Assistants'  Union,  are  reeistiog  it. 


288 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,    [voi.72.  No.i,839,FEBRUAnY2i,  1918. 


BRITISH    ANTARCTIC    EXPEDITION 
TELEPHONES. 


Thh  following   brief  description   and   photographs  of    the 
telephone  equijiment  taken  to  the  Antarctic  by  Capt.  Scott's 
Expedition  will  be  of  interest  to  our  readers. 
The  installation  was  supplied  by  the  National  Telephone 


Ihstbument  No.  1,  Showing  Interiok. 

Co.,  in  order  to  enable   communication   to   be  maintained 
etweea    the    winter    living    quarters    and     the     outside 


Instruments  Nos.  1  and  2. 


stations  of  the  expedition.      Five  stations  were  provided 
for — the  Living  Hut,  Instrument  Hufc,  Hut  Point,  and  two 


Tblbphohh  Apparatus,  Spares,  and  One  Drvm  of  Aluminium 
Wire. 

Aurora  Stations — and  the  instruments  for  these  stations  were 
numbered  respectively  from  1  to  5.  The  Aurora  Stations 
were  to  be  set  up  for  observations  of  the  Aurora  Australis, 
and  for  this  reason  were  required  only  to  intercommunicate, 
while  the  living  quarters  were  required  to  communicate  with 
lx)th  Hut  Point  and  the  Instrument  Hut. 


On  account  of  the  extremely  low  temperatures  to  which 
the  instruments  would  be  exposed,  it  was  impracticable  to  use 
any  form  of  dry  cell  for  local  batteries,  and  after  several 
experiments  it  was  decided  to  make  use  of  a  24-volt  battery, 
forming  part  of  the  scientific  equipment  of  the  expedition,  as 
a  common  battery  for  the  different  speaking  circuits,  in 
which  the  receivers  and  transmitters  were  in  series  in  the 
line.  Tliis  arrangement  had  the  advantage  of  great  sim- 
plicity, and  with  Ericsson  hand-microtelephones  was  found  to 


r 


//vsr/toM£Ar//i/r 


rWh 


r£fiM/fliAL  &Wf/l 


/ii//fo/f/i  sr/ir/M 


/lU/fO/fA  SrATJO^ 


I  I 

u 


ll^ll 

1 1:^1  I 


o   5 
msr.3 


I    ui^/fl/G  Hur    I  uVi/rPO/A/r ; 

Connections  between  Stations. 

give  good  transmission.  The  ringing  was  by  magneto-gene- 
rators. Each  instrument  was  self-contained  in  a  stout  wooden 
case,  to  obviate  the  necessity  of  packing  for  transport. 

The  line  wire  was  of  bare  hard-drawn  aluminium,  No.  19 
S.W.G.,  supplied  by  the  British  Aluminium  Co.  The  ques- 
tion of  weight  was  of  great  importance,  and  as  the  conduc- 
tivity and  strength  of  the  wire  would  be  improved  by  the 
temperature  conditions  of  the  polar  regions,  this  material 
was  selected.  The  total  length  of  wire  carried  was  about 
75  miles,  wound  upon  six  iron  drums,  suitable  for  mounting 
on  sledges,  from  which  it  would  be  laid  direct  on  the  ground. 
The  go  and  return  wires  were  specified  to  be  not  less  than 
6  ft.  apart,  and  it  was  considered  that  the  clean,  dry  snow 
would  be  an  excellent  insulator,  even  on  the  longest  lines 
For  jointing  the  wire  aluminium  Mclntyre  sleeves  were 
provided. 


NOTES    PROM    CANADA. 


[from  our  special  correspondent.] 


Among  the  news  items  from  Western  Canada  are  the  follow- 
ing :— 

In  Saskatchewan  the  town  of  Prince  Albert  will  probablj 
spend  about  £40,000  on  a  new  electricity  works  of  an  up-to- 
date  character  ;  the  purchase  of  two  .300-h.p.  boilers  haa 
already  been  authorised  as  an  extension  to  the  existing  plant. 

It  is  likely  that  the  Government  of  the  aforementioned 
province  will  set  aside  a  considerable  sum  of  money  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  out  further  research  work  on  the  subject 
of  the  utilisation  of  the  lignite  deposits  for  power  purposes. 

The  town  of  Saskatoon  is  considering  the  establishment 
of  a  municipal  electricity  works. 

At  Brandon,  in  Manitoba,  the  civic  power  committee  is 
considering  the  erection  of  an  electricity  works,  presumably 
water-driven,  at  some  few  miles  outside  the  city. 

In  an  article  on  the  "  Engineering  Outlook  for  1918,"  the 
Canadian  Engineer  gives,  among  other  things,  informatioa 
substantially  as  follows  : — 


Vol.72,   No  i,8By,  FEDnuAnY2i,  191H.]  THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


'289 


Tlic  lionddii  and  Port  Stanley  Kailwiiy,  wliicli  i'h  owned 
by  the  Oily  of  liondrMi,  Ontiirio,  will  prubaWy  l>c  eli'ctrilied 
ab  a  cost  of  *'.)()().()0(). 

The  town  of  Soiiris,  Manitoba,  anticipatcH  installing  an 
olcotric-light  plant,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  if  10,000. 

Two  new  units  are  to  be  erected  at  the  Winnipeg  hydro- 
electric plant  at  Point  du  Hois,  and  a  new  transmission  line 
is  to  be  built  thence  to  the  city.  The  total  cost  will  l>c 
about :?  1,000,000. 

Extensions  to  the  tramway  system  in  Lethbridge,  Alberta, 
are  contemplated;  the  cost  is  estimated  at  $1. 0,000.  At 
Medicine  Hat,  Alberta,  it  is  proposed  to  spend  ipT.O.OOO  on 
extension  of  the  electric  lighting  and  power  plant. 

During  January.  Owen  Sound,  North  Bay,  Heavcrton, 
Clinton,  Elmira,  Godericli,  Peterhoro,  Stayner  and  ^^'in- 
chester  all  voted  in  favour  of  obtaining  power  from  the 
Hydro- Electrii-  Power  Commission  of  Ontario,  and  collectively 
authorised  the  spending  of  $347,000  for  the  purpose  of 
erecting  sub-stations  and  constructing  their  own  overhead 
distributing  systems  for  street  and  house  lighting  and  power 
supply. 

This  Commission  is  now  calling  for  tenders  for  materials 
required  for  \'2o  miles  of  110,000-volt  transmission  line  and 
the  sub-station  plant  retjuired  for  transforming  20,000  n.P. 
from  this  voltage  down  to  1;'.,200  volts. 

Particulars  of  the  former  may  be  obtained,  tlie  writer 
understands,  from  the  Board  of  Trade  Offices  in  London. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


LHteri  reenved  by  w  after  6  P.M.  ON  TUESDAY  cannot  appear  until 
th«  folloiving  week.  Correspondents  should  forward  their  oommuni- 
oatioTU  at  the  earliest  possible  moment.  No  letter  can  be  published 
wilest  we  have  the  writer's  name  and  address  in  our  possession. 


Electrical  Engineers  in  India. 

I  read  with  much  interest  the  letters  which  appeared 
in  recent  issues  of  your  valuable  paper.  May  they  be  a 
warning  to  those  who  apply  for  positions  in  India  and  the 
Far  East. 

Your  correspondents,  like  myself,  must  have  been  "  had." 
It  can  hardly  be  expressed  in  milder  terms,  as  I  signed  a 
contract  and  came  out  here  on  Rs.  250  per  month 
(£16  ir>s.  4d.)  plus  free  quarters. 

At  home  one  often  hears  of  cheap  living  in  India,  but  I 
can  assure  you  that  even  a  bachelor  on  the  above  salary  can- 
not associate  with  the  European  population  and  keep  out 
of  debt.  Those  who  emigrate  are  generally  men  whose 
ambition  cannot  find  enough  scope  in  the  Old  Country, 
and  these  ai'e  the  men  who  sign  the  contracts  placed 
before  them,  little  knowing  their  poverty-stricken  fate.  A 
little  advice  like  that  given  in  recent  issues  of  your  paper 
winnot  but  be  appreciated,  and  should  act  as  a  warning. 

No,  engineer  should  ever  come  to  India  under  £30  per 
month. 

Another  Engineer  in  Indiu. 


Arc  Lnmpit  for  tlie  Outside  Lighting  of  Shops,  &c. 

I  must  say  Mr.  Fennell's  article  on  flame  arc  lighting  from 
low-voltage  mains  has  given  many  engineers  food  for 
thought ;  this  system  I  consider  a  good  way  out  of  the 
difficulty  of  fighting  the  "  shops  across  the  road,"  if  one's 
Committee  can  be  persuaded  to  launch  out  in  such  a  non- 
productive scheme. 

It  evidently  meets  the  object  it  was  intended  for — namely, 
to  retain  the  outdoor  lighting  ;  but  why  should  he  be  so 
generous  as  to  supply  1,500  c.p.  against  his  competitor's 
1,000  c.p.  at  the  same  figure,  when  it  is  common  knowledge 
that  the  efficiency  of  a  mantle  drops  considerably  ?  Again, 
his  capital  cost  of  a  25-KW.  motor- generator  (£150)  is,  I 
consider,  far  below  the  prices  of  to-day. 

Perhaps  it  would  be  interesting  for  me  to  detail  the 
system  I  have  adopted  without  any  capital  charges.  This 
being  but  a  small  town,  under  10,000  population,  and 
having  a  progressive  gas  company  to  contend  with,  I  am 
supplying  three  shops  from  one  series  of  five  flame  lamps, 
and  in  another  case  two  shops  using  five  flame  lamps  across 
250  volts. 


Till"  sh')prt  in  the  lirst  instancte  arc  :  Oeiits'  menhir,  nsing 
two  out,  one  ill  ;  gro.ier,  one  out  ;  china  nh'ip,  one  not.  In 
the  Hicoiid  instance  the  two  Hhofis  are  owiK-d  by  the  same 
man,  but  are  about  .lO  yards  apart,  one  shop  unirig  two  oat 
and  the  other  two  out,  one  in.  By  this  means  I  um  able  to 
get  a  good  revenue  at  l^xi.  [X'T  unit,  and  I  do  not  supply  or 
maintain  the  lamps  or  carbons. 

The  lamps  are  of  the  "  Excello "  ty]^,  by  the  Union 
Electric  Co.,  single  pair  of  carbons  type,  taking  C  amperes 
each.  They  were  not  all  erected  at  the  same  time  ;  in  fact, 
only  recently  I  added  one  to  make  up  the  series  of  five. 

It  is,  of  course,  essential  to  select  your  shops,  as  all  do  not 
close  at  the  same  time,  or  on  the  same  day.  For  instance,  a 
butcher  closes  his  shop  on  a  Monday  instead  of  in  the  middle 
of  the  week,  and  tobacconists',  sweet,  paper,  chemists',  and 
cycle  repair  shops  do  not  elo»;  for  a  half  holiday,  or  are  not 
compelled  to  by  the  Pearly  Closing  A<t,  therefore  these  shops 
and  their  like  must  be  avoided. 

I  must  say  the  system  here  is  overhead  thronghont,  which 
simplifies  matters  considerably. 

A.  Preston. 

Ammanford  Electric  Supply, 

Febrvan/  17/A.  1913. 


Testing  the  Continuity  of  Earth  Condiic1or»i. 

AVith  reference  to  the  difficulty  encountered  by  "Continuity." 
I  beg  to  suggest  the  following  method  of  comparing  the 
resistance  of  the  earth  conductor  and  metallic  covering  with 
the  resistance  of  the  couiluctor. 

For  example,  we  will  take  an  underground  three-core 
feeder  with  the  armour  as  the  earth  conductor. 


T^ 


Q 


E  ^ 


Disconnect  at  each  end,  and  then  couple  one  core  to  the 
armour  with  a  well-applied  bond  and  earth  the  con- 
nections at  this  point. 

Proceed  as  in  taking  a  loop  test  and  find  the  ratio  of  the 
armour  to  the  core  resistance. 

Instead  of  earthing  to  existing  earth  plates  or  other  con- 
nections, one  of  the  other  cores  can  be  used  to  represent  earth 
.during  the  test. 

A  simply  constructed  bridge  will  answer  this  purpose  well. 

Rotor. 


In  reply  to  ^Mr.  Kivlen  and  others  on  this  interesting 
subject,  they  seem  only  to  question  the  continuity  of  cable 
armom-iug.  That  is  not  the  only  important  point ;  other 
things,  such  as  pumps,  haulages,  starters,  oil  switches  and 
short-circuiting  appliances  in  constant  use  and  usually  earthed 
to  the  armouring  are  a  better  subject  for  discussion,  especially 
as  regards  testing  Rule  14  (c)  (i).  I  am  not  "  up  against 
it "  ;  I  have  all  the  latest  appliances  for  detecting  and  testing 
for  leakages,  and  I  know  how  to  use  them. 

I  should  like  to  give  Mr.  Kivlen  an  instance  :  I  have  a 
3,000-volt  A.c.  plant,  and  u«e  it  at  2,000  volts  underground 
and  on  the  surface.  I  have  an  armoured  cable  from  the 
sub-station  on  top  buried  in  damp  soil  for  300  yards  before 
reaching  the  mouth  of  the  slant ;  down  the  slant  it  travels 
for  500  yards,  wet  all  the  way.  and  usually  covered  by  a  few 
"falls  "at  the  bottom:  here  yon  supply  pumping  motors, 
carry  your  earthing  from  the  armouring  to  the  motor  frame, 
starter,  oil  switch,  pump,  then  on  to  another  and  another  pump, 
and  more  startei-s  and  switches.  Every  pump  is  dead  earth  in 
itself  by  reason  of  its  suction  pipes,  delivery  pipes,  and  damp 
surroundings  :  you  go  on  with  your  cable  to  an  electric 
haulage  mounted  on  iron  girders  iu  damp  masonry,  this 
haulage  drawing  trams  (iron)  with  steel  rope  on  iron  raiK 
with  always  G  iu.  of  water  on  the  roadway,  and  in  many  places 
the  tar  cord  is  gone  off  the  armouring. 


290 


THE    ELECTEIOAL    EE^^EW.  [Voi.  72.   No.  1,839,  februaby  21,  isia. 


Now,  Mr.  Kivlen,  how  would  you  test  my  earthing  system 
for  continuity,  and  liow  would  you  prove  that  my  earthing 
system  Ls  effective,  when  you  already  have  a  dozen  or  two. 
what  we  will  call,  natural  earths  ?  You  cannot  put  your 
pumps  or  pipes  up  on  insulators  to  test  the  continuity  of 
your  own  system,  or  get  an  independent  test  on  your  haulage 
earthing,  and  yet  one  day  you  may  be  disconnecting  your 
pipes,  A.f.,  for  some  reason,  and  find  your  pump  "  alive," 
because  y»'Ur  earth  was  not  ett"ecti\e,  and  you  could  not  test 
it,  owing  to  having  so  many  natural  earths.  If  you  have 
two  pumps.  btith  pumping  from  the  same  sump,  they  will 
be  connected  by  pipes,  water,  I'ic.  and  you  will  get  con- 
tinuity without  earth  wires ;  so  when  you  put  on  earth  wires, 
how  are  you  going  to  test  them  'r  The  resistance  is  never 
two  hours  alike. 

Last  week  I  had  a  pillar  oil  switch  frame  "  alive,"  and 
thanks  to  the  "  earth.'"  it  knocked  my  switch  out.  i5ut  was  it 
my  earth,  or  as  the  pillar  stands  in  a  wet  place,  did  it  have  its 
own  earth  r  These  arc  the  plain  facts  an  ordinary  colliery 
electrician  has  to  face,  and  an  answer  to  these  may  be  very 
beneficial  to  many,  as  we  all  like  to  comply  with  the  Act  in 
every  detail. 

H.  rield. 

South  Wales.  February  \btli,  1913. 


Association  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers. 

As  the  formation  of  the  above  Association  has  created 
general  interest  amongst  electrical  station  engineers  all  over 
the  United  Kingdom  and  abroad,  an  account  of  what  has 
been  done  and  future  arrangements  would  no  doubt  be  of 
interest. 

At  the  last  general  meeting  a  provisional  organising  com- 
mittee was  appointed  with  Mr.  Chas.  F.  Wade  as  chairman, 
and  Mr.  W .  A.  Jones,  A.M.I.E.E.,  vice-chairman.  This 
Committee  has  examined  all  applications  for  membership 
received  prior  to  February  11th,  instituted  some  enormous 
propaganda  work,  and  has  endeavoured  to  put  the  Associa- 
tion on  a  sound  financial  and  business-like  basis. 

A  number  of  very  enthusiastic  and  energetic  gentlemen  in 
the  provinces  are  forming  branches,  and  have  been  very 
successful  ;  full  reports  are  not  yet  to  hand,  but  pre- 
liminary details  are  very  encouraging.  There  is  still  scope 
for  those  gentlemen  who  have  plenty  of  spare  time  and  surplus 
energy  to  devote  them  to  obtaining  members  and  forming 
branches  in  those  districts  where  there  are  none  at  present. 

According  to  the  last  published  Government  census  of 
production  (taken  in  1007)  there  were  about  22,000  men 
employed  in  the  electric  supply  business  in  the  United 
Kingdom.  Estimating  roughly  that  about  one-third  (7,333) 
of  these  would  be  eligible  for  membership  of  the  A.E.S.E., 
and  allowing  for  increase  to  1912,  there  should  be  about 
10,000  men  available  for  membership. 

Of  these  we  are  in  touch  with  about  4,000  ;  a  few,  how- 
ever, have  decided  on  the  policy  of  "  wait  and  see  "  how  the 
Association  shapes.  Now,  if  all  of  these  4,000  men  would 
become  meml)er8,  and  also  the  majority  of  them  would  obtain 

only  two  more  members  each,  then but,  perhaps,  I 

am  too  .sanguine. 

As  soon  as  a  good  number  of  branches  are  formed  it  will 
be  arranged  that  each  shall  appoint  representatives  (propor- 
tional to  number  of  members)  t<^>  attend  a  inference  to 
draft  rules  and  make  general  arrangements,  &c.,  agreeable 
to  the  majority  ;  the  expenses  of  this  conference  will  be  paid 
from  the  central  fund  of  the  A.E.S.E. 

The  information  bureau  is  to  be  an  important  section  of 
the  "  Association,"  the  business  of  which  will  be  to  compile 
and  give  information  to  members  with  regard  to  situations 
and  conditions  prevailing  in  the  various  districts  ;  also  it  is 
hoped  to  assist  employers  who  wish  to  obtain  (jualifitd  nmi, 
provifled.  of  course,  that  they  are  j)repared  to  pay  a  salary 
annpatible  with  the  qualifications  necessary  for  and  the 
responsibility  of  the  position.  This  section  has  aroused  great 
interest,  especially  amongst  British  electrical  engineers  abroad, 
and  a  good  number  of  these  men  have  expressed  a  wish  to 
become  members  of  the  Assfjciation. 

Some  question  has  been  raised  as  to  the  attitude  of 
employers,  <ic.,  to  the  A.E.S.E..  but  a  perusal  of  the  elec- 
trical PreBS  of  the  laBt  few  months  will  show  that  they  (the 
employers,  <S.c.)  have  been  advocating  co-operation  and  com- 


bination at  every  possible  opportunity.  The  result  has  been 
conferences,  &c.,  between  the  British  Electrical  and  Allied 
Manufacturers'  Association,  ^lunicipal  Electrical  Associa- 
tion, Institution  of  Electrical  Engineei-s,  and  the  Elec- 
trical Contractors'  Association.  The  object  of  all  these 
associations  is  the  betterment  of  the  condition  of  the  elec- 
trical industry,  and  it  seems  that  they  are  agreed  that  it 
can  only  Ije  done  by  co-operation  between  manufacturers, 
contractoi-s,  and  electric  supply  engineers,  &c. 

This  is  a  good  example  to  those  of  us  who  have  not  yet 
Income  chief  engineers,  and  imitation  is  the  sincerest  form 
of  flattery. 

Considering  that  active  steps  to  form  the  A.E.S.E.  were 
only  taken  during  the  Christmas  week  of  1912,  the  results 
(about  4,000  inquiries  to  date)  are  astounding ;  but,  like 
Oliver  Twist,  I  ask  for  more,  and  hope  the  other  !^,000 
gentlemen  who  have  not  yet  taken  an  active  interest  in  the 
A.E.S.E.  will  do  so  at  once,  and  thus  we  shall  be  able  to 
better  the  conditions  of  that  section  of  the  electrical  pro- 
fession for  which  the  .A.E.S.E.  has  been  formed. 

TV.  J.  Ebben, 

Hon.  Sec,  Asuociation  of  Electrical 
Station  Engineers. 

7,  Vernon  Road,  London,  E., 
February  ITfh,  1913. 


Screw  Caps  lor  Badiator  Lamps. 

Referring  to  the  letter  in  your  issue  of  February  14th 
signed  "  Jobber,"  with  reference  to  the  standardisation  of 
lampholders  for  radiator  lamps,  I  note  he  suggests  that  tire 
B.E.A.M.A.  should  take  the  matter  in  hand.  We,  as  the 
originators  of  the  lamp  radiators,  very  early  discovered 
the  very  inefficient  contact  of  the  ordinary  spring  lamp- 
holders,  and,  in  1901,  we  patented  an  improved  form  of 
lampholder  (illustrated  herewith),  using  split  pins  which 
enter  into  sockets  fitted  in  the  stem  of  the  lamp,  thus 
ensuring   a  A-ery    much    increased    area   of  contact.     We 


have  sold  many  thousands  of  these  holders,  which  have 
proved  absolutely  satisfactory  in  every  way,  and  we  never 
get  a  failure. 

In  our  opinion,  the  reason  why  these  holders  have  not 
been  universally  adopted,  is  that  the  lamp  requires  a  special 
cap  to  fit  in  the  holder.  The  illustration  we  enclose  will 
fully  explain  the  principle,  which,  however,  must  be  well 
known  to  large  numbers  of  your  readers,  who,  no  doubt,  use 
this  lamp  and  holder. 

AVe  should  be  pleased  to  send  a  sample  holder  to  any 
station  engineer  or  to  others  who  may  wish  to  inspect  same. 
The  Dowsing  Badiant  Heat  Co.,  Ltd., 

H.  J.  DOW6INO,  Managing  DxreMvr. 
London,  W.,  February  ISIh,  1913. 


Vol.72.     No,  1,839 


,  PRnncABY  21, 1913.]  THE    ELECTBICAL   REVIEW. 


291 


Heavy  Service  Lampholders  nnd    AdaptcrH. 

Having  made  exhaustive  teats  on  the  avcrnf;e  InnipholderR 
and  adapters  now  on  the  market,  I  have  come  to  tlie  con- 
chisiou  that  special  holders  should  be  made  suitable  for  use 
where  a  temporary  connection  is  needed  for  a  BUiall  radiator, 
cooking  utensil,  or  other  form  of  apparatus  taking  more 
current  than  an  ordinary  lamp.  Some  firms  are  guaranteeing 
that  the  ordinary  holder  will  do  this,  but  tests  made  with 
them  show  that  the  springs  of  the  contacts  i|uickly 
deteriorate  when  a  current  of  2  amperes  is  passed  through 
them.  To  be  really  useful  they  should  carry  from  four  to  five 
amperes  without  unduly  heating.  If  any  manufacturer 
could  meet  this  long-felt  want,  some  thousands  of  holders 
could  readily  be  sold  in  tbQ  city  to  which  I  belong. 

Sales  Superintendent. 


Cost  of  lianning:  Small  Generating  Station. 

Referring  to  Mr.  (i  ray's  query,  the  cost  of  running 
the  small  Diesel  electricity  works,  where  the  supply  has  to 
be  maintained  continuously,  and  where  the  output  does  not 
exceed  315,750  units  per  annum,  with  a  maximum  load  of 
160  KW.,  works  out  at  -709  of  a  penny  per  unit. 

The  information,  however,  given  by  your  correspondent 
is  too  meagre  to  get  a  reliable  figure,  as  the  cost  so  much 
depends  upon  the  load  factor. 

The  figure  given  above  is  taken  from  the  last  return  of 
the  Chichester  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  who  operate 
the  small  works  for  the  supply  of  power  and  light  to  the 
City  of  Chichester,  which  works  we  designed  and  of  which 
we  are  the  retained  consulting  engineers. 

Horace  Boot  &  Partners, 
Consulting  Eiigineers. 

London,  S.W.,  February  17th,  1913. 


ELECTROCHEMISTRY    IN    1912. 


In  the  use  of  the  electric  furnace  for  steel  refining  the  United 
States  Steel  Corporation  has  taken  a  leading  part,  especially  with 
respect  to  large-tonnage  products,  such  as  rails.  The  long  list  of 
breakages  of  rails,  resulting  in  disastrous  railway  accidents,  has 
become  a  very  serious  matter,  and  credit  is  due  to  the  United 
States  Steel  Corporation  for  having  undertaken  to  determine  what 
can  be  done  with  the  electric  fnmace  to  relieve  the  situation. 
From  Mr.  W.  R.  Walker's  authoritative  statement,  made  for  the 
corporation  in  the  paper  before  the  American  Iron  and  Steel 
Institute,  the  following  sentences  are  signiflcant ; — "  At  the  present 
time  (May,  1912)  there  are  approximately  5,600  tons  of  standard 
electric  steel  rails  in  service  in  the  United  States.  These  rails 
have  been  in  the  track  about  two  years.  During  the  past  winter 
some  of  these  rails  have  been  subjected  to  very  low  temperature — 
in  some  cases  as  low  as  52"  F.  below  zero — and  are  being  exposed  to 
all  the  possible  conditions  of  severe  service  ....  Up  to  the  present 
time  we  have  not  heard  of  any  basic  electric  rails  in  use  in  this 
country  being  broken  in  service. "  It  will  be  remembered  that  the 
steel  for  these  rails  is  basic  Bessemer  converter  metal  transferred 
while  in  the  molten  state  to  the  electric  furnace  for  refining.  Mr. 
Walker's  statement  augurs  well  for  the  future  of  the  electric  steel 
rail.  But  it  is  evident  that  before  transportation  companies  will 
be  willing  to  pay  somewhat  higher  prices  for  electric  steel  rails  for 
general  use  the  experience  of  more  years  must  be  available. 
Although  the  commercial  development  will  be  necessarily  slow, 
the  outlook  is  bright. 

The  electric  furnace  for  refining  steel  for  high  quality  products 
(tool  steels,  &c.)  is  proceeding  quietly  and  very  satisfactorily. 
Several  new  furnaces  have  been  erected.  The  electric  furnace  has 
been  introduced  into  foundry  practice  for  high  quality  castings, 
A  special  type  of  electric  furnace  for  heating  bars,  billets  and 
forgings  is  finding  particular  favour  at  present,  as  a  result  of  the 
recent  considerable  increase  in  the  cost  of  crude  oil,  which  puts  oil- 
firing  very  much  on  the  defensive. 

The  use  of  the  electric  shaft  furnace  for  iron  ore  reduction  on  a 
laiffe  scale  (in  competition  with  the  blast  furnace)  is  still  re- 
stricted to  the  Scandinavian  countries  and  California,  where 
specially  favourable  conditions  prevail.  Under  ordinary  conditions 
the  blast  furnace  has  little  to  fear  from  its  electric  competitor. 
One  result  obtained  with  the  electric  iron  ore  reduction  furnace  is 
noteworthy.  By  reducing  the  amount  of  carbon  and  running  the 
fnmace  at  a  low  temperature,  a  metal  is  produced  containing 
2"2  per  cent  or  less  of  carbon,  a  very  small  amount  of  manganese 
and  silicon,  and  one  low  in  sulphur  and  phosphorus.  Being  pro- 
duced directly  from  iron  ore  in  the  electric  furnace,  it  is  called 
"  pig  steel,"  as  it  contains  fewer  impurities  than  pig-iron,  and 
therefore  requires  less  refining  for  making  finished  steel.      This  is 


probnbly  tbo  moKt  hopeful  feature  of  the  evolutitn  cf  Ihe  electric 
iron  ore  r«  duct  Ion  fnnincn. 

Any  pr(gr<i««  that  prcroiiieii  to  cbetpen  Blominiom  in  of  p«r- 
ticulnr  int(rr•^t  (o  the  elrctrical  Indostricn  in  vi<w  of  the  tomjietJ- 
tion  be'.ween  aluminium  mid  copper,  ffptcially  for  line  cunstjaclion. 
The  elfctrolytic  production  of  aluminium  from  alomina  Is  now  to 
far  developed,  that  little  saving  may  be  hoped  for  in  thi«  Bt^pof  the 
procfflH.  Tbetrtnd  .jf  invinlioii  Id,  therefore,  to  cheapen  the  o<  »t 
of  the  raw  material— the  Blnmlrm  -  and  there  U  at  present  a  large 
activity  in  this  field.  Bealdes  aevfral  proceMes  which  are  belnjr 
kept  carefully  secret,  two  loom  large  in  the  limelight.  The?  tir»t  of 
these  is  a  new  prootes  of  Mr.  Alfred  11.  Cowle«,  for  obtaining 
alumina,  hydrochloric  acid,  caustic  alkali,  and  white  hydranlic 
cement  from  clay.  Bait  and  lime.  The  cheapnens  of  the  wtarting 
material,  clay,  and  the  production  of  the  various  by-product«.  are 
to  result  in  a  much  rfduced  coht  for  alumina.  A  plant  for  develop- 
ing the  process  on  a  commercial  scale  has  l<een  erected  at  Sewaren, 
N.J.  The  second,  or  Serpek  procesH,  which  has  been  in  use  for  a 
longer  time  on  an  experimental  scale  in  a  plant  in  Frauce,  produce* 
aluminium  nitride  as  an  intermediate  product,  and  finally  yields 
pure  alumina  and  ammonium  sulphate.  It,  therefore,  reprefents  a 
combination  of  the  production  of  alumina  with  the  fixation  of 
atmospheric  nitrogen.  The  production  of  the  by-product,  the 
ammonium  sulphate,  reduces  the  cost  of  alumina.  Both  processes 
are  interesting  in  another  respect.  Mr.  Cowles  hopes  to  wake  his 
process  available  for  the  extraction  of  potash,  and  thus  to  found  an 
American  potash  industry  which  should  make  this  country  inde- 
pendent of  Germany.  In  the  process  the  ammonium  sulphate 
by-product  is  also  a  fertiliser.  Both  processes,  therefore,  also  afford 
an  indication  of  the  marvellous  present  activity  in  fertiliser  ■ 
chemistry. 

Among  the  electrochemical  processes  for  the  production  of 
fertilisers  the  two  largest  are  utilised  in  the  production  of  nitrates 
from  atmospheric  nitrogen  by  electric  discharges  through  air,  and 
in  the  production  of  calcium  cyanamide.  Both  are  commercially 
successful.  Concerning  the  wonderful  growth  of  the  Norwegian 
nitrate  industry,  using  the  Birkeland-Eyde  process,  it  is  noteworthy 
that  in  less  than  10  years  this  industry  has  grown  to  be  one  of  the 
largest  in  Norway,  utilising  that  country's  enormous  available 
water-powers,  which  can  be  developed  at  a  very  low  cost,  while  the 
electrical  energy  could  not  be  utilised  in  full  for  other  purposes 
under  local  conditions. 

As  to  the  progress  of  calcium  cyanamide,  it  is  interesting  to  note 
that  the  Niagara  Falls  works  are  to  be  largely  increased.  Finally,  ■ 
it  may  be  mentioned  that  the  synthesis  of  ammonia  from  elementary 
nitrogen  and  hydrogen  gases  is  now  an  accomplished  fact,  as  a 
result  of  the  commercial  development  of  the  Haber  process  by  the 
Badische  company.  While  it  is  not  an  electrochemical  process 
itself,  it  is  likely  that  the  hydrogen  gas  needed  as  raw  material  will 
be  made  electrolytically. 

Thus  in  the  wonderful  present  growth  of  fertiliser  chemistry — 
one  of  the  greatest  developments  undertaken  by  science  for  the 
welfare  of  mankind— electrochemistry  is  taking  properly  a 
prominent  part. — E'.  F.  Roebeb,  in  the  Electrical  World. 


LEGAL. 


JosEPHSON  r.  Methopolitan  Electric  Scpply  Co, 

Mr.  Justice  Joyce  in  the  Chancery  Division  last  week  heard  a 
motion  by  the  defendants  in  this  action,  asking  that  it  might  be 
dismissed  as  disclosing  no  cause  of  action,  that  it  was  frivolous  and 
vexatious,  and  an  abuse  of  the  process  of  the  Court. 

Mr.  WiLBRAHAii,  in  support  of  the  motion,  said  the  plaintiffs, 
Joseph  Josephson  and  the  Cosy  Cinema,  Ltd.,  claimed  specific 
performance  of  an  agreement  to  sell  to  them  the  defendants'  lease 
of  land  in  Amberley  Road,  Harrow  Road,  for  £150.  They  relied 
upon  letters  passing  between  the  parties  between  November.  1911, 
and  June,  1912,  but  he  (counsel)  submitted  that  those  letters 
disclosed  no  concluded  agreement,  and  he  further  argued  that  the 
contract,  if  any,  depended  upon  the  plaintiffs  securing  the  freehold, 
whicb  they  had  not  done. 

The  defendants  were  not  represented,  and  his  Lordship,  holding 
that  there  was  no  contract,  dismissed  the  action  with  coste 


Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  f.  GSeat  Eastern  Railway  Co, 

In  the  City  of  London 'Court  on  February  13th.  before  Judge 
Lumley  Smith,  K.C.,  plaintiffs  sued  defendants  for  £35  damages  for 
breach  of  duty  in  regard  to  the  carriage  of  10  cases  of  telephone 
accessories  from  Antwerp  to  North  Woolwich. 

Mr.  Balloch.  for  the  plaintiffs,  said  that  the  case  was  of  much 
importance  to  all  senders  of  goods  by  railway.  The  defendant 
company  carried  telephone  accessories  for  the  plaintiffs  at  20s.  per 
ton  from  Harwich  to  North  Woolwich,  and  they  became  damaged 
by  fresh  water  on  the  journey  and  were  spoilt.  The  goods  were 
carried  under  an  owner's  risk  note  ;  but  the  plaintiffs'  case  was  that 
that  exemption  of  the  defendant  company  was  unreasonable. 

Mk.  Bbcce  Thomas,  defendants"  counsel,  argued  that  the 
defendants  were  not  liable  for  the  damage  which  had  occurred. 

Judge  Luulet  Smith,  K.C..  in  a  considered  judgment,  said  the 
damage  had  occurred  through  neglect  on  the  part  of  the  defendants 
servants,  and   not  through  wilful  mLssonduct.    The  goods   were 


292 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.  [Voi.  72.  No.  1,839,  FEBRtJiiBY  21, 1913. 


carried  at  a  reduced  rate  at  OTvuer's  risk  under  conditions  exempting 
defendants  from  liability  for  damage  arising  from  negligence 
(other  thwi  wilful  misconduct)  of  their  servants.  The  contention 
for  the  plaintiffs  was  that  the  contract  was  not  just  and  reasonable 
within  the  Railway  Canal  Traffic  Act,  1854,  Sec.  7.  Prima  facie, 
a  contract  containing  exemption  from  liability  for  negligence  was 
not  just  and  reasonable.  The  burden  of  proving  that  it  was  just 
and  reasonable  was  on  the  defendants,  and  the  fact  that  the 
plaintiifs  had  for  a  long  time  taken  advantage  of  the  contract  was 
in  favour  of  its  being  so,  but  the  Courts  had  adopted  the  crucial 
test  of  whether  the  plaintiffs  had  an  option  to  send  their  goods  at 
a  reasonable  rate  with  liability  of  the  company  as  common  carriers. 
In  his  judgment,  plaintiffs  did  not  have  an  alternative  option  of 
sending  the  goods  on  the  terms  of  the  defendants  having  the 
ordinary  liability  of  common  carriers.  The  result  was  that,  in  his 
opinion,  the  defendants  had  not  shown  that  the  special  contract 
which  they  relied  on  was  just  and  reasonable.  He  thought  the 
contract  must  be  treated  as  for  the  whole  journey,  and  not  as 
divisible  into  separate  contracts  for  land  and  sea  carriage. 
Judgment  for  the  plaintiffs,  with  costs. 


AUSTRALIAN    TRAMWAY    COMPANIES 
AND    THEIR    EMPLOYES.-X. 


British  Economical  Lamp  Co.,  Lti>.,  v.  Empire,  Mile  End, 
Ltd..  and  A.  Bernstein. 

Before  a  Divisional  Court  of  the  King's  Bench  Division,  composed 
of  Justices  Lawrence  and  Lush,  on  February  14th,  this  case  came 
before  their  Lordships  on  the  appeal  of  the  plaintiffs  from  the 
judgment  of  the  Recorder  in  the  Mayor's  Court  on  December  19th. 

Mr.  George  Wallace,  K.C,  who  appeared  for  the  appellant 
company,  said  that  the  appeal  was  against  a  decision  of  Sir  Forrest 
Fulton,  K.C,  at  the  Mayor's  Court,  in  a  case  tried  with  sonje 
despatch  without  a  jury,  and  the  question  was  raised  in  the  appeal 
whether  the  movable  bulb  lamps  used  for  electric  light  are  part  of 
the  house.  The  Recorder  had  held  that  they  were  fixtures,  and  had 
given  judgment  against  the  plaintiff  company.  The  action  was 
brought  by  the  British  Economical  Lamp  Co.  for  the  return  of 
certain  lamps  that  they  had  supplied  to  the  Yiddish  Theatre.  The 
plaintiffs'  business  was  that  of  letting  out  lamps  to  theatres  and 
hotels  upon  agreement,  a  weekly  rental  being  paid,  and  the  plaintiffs 
supplied  to  the  Yiddish  Theatre  Co.  a  number  of  electric  bulb  lamps. 
The  landlord  did  not  receive  his  rent — apparently  (said  counsel) 
nobody  was  paid — and  he  took  possession  of  the  theatre.  The 
plaintiffs  heard  of  this,  and  when  they  went  round  to  the 
theatre  to  get  the  money  due  for  the  hire  of  the  lamps  or  take 
them  away,  the  landlord  took  the  attitude  that  he  was  in  posses- 
sion, and  that  these  goods  were  afiBxed  to  the  freehold.  When  the 
case  was  before  the  Recorder,  the  plaintiffs  called  only  one  witness, 
who  proved  the  supplying  of  1,100  lamps.  In  cross-examination  he 
said  that  there  were  about  800  holders  for  the  lamps,  so  that  there 
must  have  been  300  out  of  the  1,100  that  were  left  lying  loose  on 
the  premises,  and  were  not  aflSxed  at  all.  The  Recorder  had  held 
that  the  plaintiffs'  lamps  were  fixtures,  and  if  a  thing  was  affixed 
to  the  freehold  it  became  part  of  the  house,  and  as  long  as  they 
were  part  of  the  house  the  landlord  taking  possession  took  possession 
of  everything  that  was  part  of  the  house.  His  (counsel's)  conten- 
tion was  that  these  things  were  not  part  of  the  house.  Counsel 
read  the  evidence  given  at  the  trial  by  an  inspector  of  the  plaintiff 
company  to  the  effect  that  the  lamps  were  let  out  on  agreement  at 
A3  per  week,  that  rent  became  due  for  the  first  week,  and  that 
none  had  ever  been  paid.  Mr.  Wallace  submitted  that  the  decision 
that  these  lamps  were  fixtures  and  part  of  the  house  could  not  be 
supported,  or  there  must  be  something  in  the  nature  of  a  permanent 
annexation  to  make  a  thing  part  of  a  house  at  all.  These  things 
would  not  be  so  permanently  affixed  as  a  carpet.  Mr.  Wallace,  in 
reply  to  their  Lordships,  said  there  had  been  no  claim  to  distrain. 
The  freeholder  had  determined  the  tenancy,  and  in  the  pleadings 
the  defence  was  that  if  the  lamps  claimed  were  on  the  premises, 
they  were  affixed  to  and  became  part  of  the  premises,  and  were 
now  the  property  of  the  defendants.  Counsel  proceeded  to  detaU 
the  agreement  by  which  the  lamps  were  let  out,  and  Mr.  Justice 
LcsH  said  there  was  no  doubt  that  as  between  the  plaintiff  company 
and  the  theatre  company  the  plaintiffs  remained  owners. 

Mr.  Wallace  said  the  case  was  one  of  great  importance  to  the 
plaintiffs,  because  if  they  were  liable  to  hand  the  lamps  over  to  the 
landlord  taking  possession,  they  would  often  be  in  the  predicament 
in  which  they  now  found  themselves. 

Mr.  Ra>'kin,  for  the  other  aide,  argued  that  the  decision  of  the 
Recorder,  on  the  decided  cases,  waa  correct,  and  that  they  were 
fixtnres,  and  after  considerable  argument  the  Court  said  judgment 
would  be  reserved. 


Platlnnill. — As  is  pointed   out   in   an   article    iu    the 

Chicago  Mining  and  L'/iijineerinf/  World  for  January  25th,  most  of 
the  world's  platinum  still  com^s  from  the  Ural  Mountains,  a  small 
quantity  being  recovered  in  the  United  States  from  the  gold  places 
of  northern  California  and  western  Oregon.  This  production,  from 
a  table  famished  by  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  waa 
highest  in  1006  with  1,439  oz.,  and  now  amounts  to  800  oz.,  valued 
at  £6,9C0.  The  estimated  Russian  output  for  the  past  year  ii 
.)10,150  oz.  Columbia  produced  11,750  oz.,  and  Australia  and 
Canada  contributed  small  quantities,  not  estimated. 


(.drntinved  from  page  194.) 

The  hearing  of  the  case  against  the  Brisbane  Co.  was  continued, 
Mr.  Frew  continuing  his  address  on  their  behalf.  He  submitted 
that  no  grievances  had  been  submitted  on  behalf  of  the  men's 
Union  to  constitute  an  inter-State  dispute,  and  that  consequently 
the  Court  had  no  jurisdiction.  Holidays  the  company  regarded  as 
a  luxury,  not  a  necessity  ;  but  on  this  matter  they  had  received  no 
complaints.  They  did  not  think  they  should  be  called  on  to  pro- 
vide watches  for  the  men.  As  to  the  wearing  of  the  Union  badge, 
the  com])any  could  not  agree  to  it.  The  company  were  not  pre- 
pared to  give  the  undertaking  asked  for  by  the  Judge  that  in 
making  future  appointments  they  would  not  discriminate  between 
Unionists  and  non-unionists.  They  had  680  members  of 
another  Union  in  their  employ  which  were  not  in 
any  way  connected  with  the  claiiliant  Association,  and 
the  company  did  not  feel  it  would  be  fair  to  this 
new  Union  to  give  the  undertaking.  The  Judge  pointed  out  that 
this  decision  would  mean  that  in  his  award  he  would  order  pre- 
ference to  be  given  to  Unionists,  but  the  company  would  not  alter 
their  decision. 

A  day  or  two  later,  the  Judge,  Mr.  Justice  Higgine,  handed  to 
the  representatives  of  the  Brisbane  and  Adelaide  Companies  a  draft 
of  his  proposed  awards,  and  a  day  or  two  later  heard  objections  to 
them  both  from  the  companies  and  the  secretary  of  the  men's 
Union.  Two  days  afterward?,  on  December  21st,  the  Judge  gave 
his  final  award. 

The  principEil  points  in  the  Brisbane  award  are  : — 

Minimum  wages  to  be  paid  to  members  of  the  men's  Union — 
Motormen  and  conductors,  first  year  8s.  6d.  per  day,  second  year 
9s.,  third  year  98.  6d.  ;  signalmen  10s.  (signalman  includes  any  man 
who  regulates  tramway  traffic  at  intersections) ;  point  boys  6s., 
lamp  trimmers  8s.  Gd.,  electrical  mechanics  (if  electrical  fitters) 
lis.,  pitmen  93.  6d.,  pitmen's  assistants,  8s.  Od.,  car- washers  or 
cleaners,  8s.  6d.,  overhead  wirtmen,  first  or  leading,  10s.  6d., 
assistant  98.,  horse  car  wagon  drivers  8s.,  engine  drivers  12s.  6d., 
boiler  cleaners  8s.  (with  6d.  per  hour  extra  when  working  inside 
boilers),  greasers  93.,  firemen  on  four  fires  10s.,  on  less  than  four 
fires  9s.  6d.,  trimmers  or  fuel  men  8s.  6d.,  track  gangers  98.  6d., 
fettlers  and  trackmen  (otherwise  called  maintenance  men)  9s.,  track 
cleaners  or  sweepers  Ss.  fjd.,  horse  dray  drivers  8s.,  night  watchmen 
88 ,  lavatory  men  8s.,  labourers  not  otherwise  specified  8s. 

A  day  to  mean  eight  hours'  work,  overtime  to  be  counted  for  first 
hour  per  day  at  time  and  a  quarter,  afterwards  as  time  and  a  half 
for  motor  men  and  conductors.  For  other  employes,  weeks  time  to 
be  48  hours,  with  time  and  a  quarter  for  first  two  hours  excess  and 
time  and  a  half  afterwards.  Between  certain  hours  double  time  to 
be  paid.  For  Sunday  work  time  and  a  quarter  to  be  paid,  and  on 
holidays  time  and  a  half.  Holidays  to  be  Christmas  Day,  Boxing 
Day,  New  Years'  Day,  Good  Friday,  Easter  Monday,  Eight  Hours' 
Day,  Anniversary  Day  and  King's  Birthday.  All  employes  to  have 
one  day  off  per  week  without  pay.  After  12  months'  service  to 
have  14  consecutive  days  off  with  12  days'  pay,  and  to  be  given 
7  days'  previous  notice  of  date  of  holiday.  There  are  certain 
small  exceptions  to  this  rule. 

The  ordinary  spread  of  hours  not  to  exceed  nine  hours  per 
day,  except  for  20  per  cent,  of  the  whole  number,  or  such  other 
proportion  as  may  be  allowed  by  the  Board  of  Reference  who  may 
work  in  broken  shifts  with  a  spread  of  hours  not  exceeding  12  per 
day.  Ten  minutes  to  be  allowed  to  motormen  and  conductors  for 
signing  on,  and  a  similar  period  for  signing  off.  No  motorman  or 
conductor  to  be  on  duty  longer  than  five  hours  without  meal  relief, 
or  to  be  liable  to  be  called  on  to  resume  duty  at  a  shorter  interval 
than  1 0  hours,  or  to  work  more  than  six  consecutive  night  shifts. 
When  required  to  attend  by  roster,  an  employ^  is  not  to  be  paid 
for  less  than  four  hours,  unless  he  has  two  hours'  notice.  Every 
motorman  or  conductor  signing  on  for  duty  to  have  a  full  day's 
pay.  Promotion  to  be  governed  by  efficiency,  and,  in  the  event 
of  equal  efficiency,  by  seniority.  Efficiency  means  special  quali- 
fications and  aptitude  for  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  the  office 
to  be  filled,  together  with  merit  and  good  and  dUigent  conduct. 
When  employed  on  different  duties,  the  employd  to  be  paid  the 
highest  rate  for  any  of  his  duties.  Time  spent  in  making 
written  reports  to  be  paid  for.  Time  occupied  at  the  request 
of  the  company  in  attending  inquiries — unless  for  employe's  own 
misconduct — to  be  paid  for.  The  company  to  supply  conductors 
with  sufficient  change. 

In  view  of  an  appeal  to  the  High  Court  on  the  question  of  the 
wearing  of  the  Union  badge,  the  award  on  this  question  was 
reserved.  Officers  of  the  men's  Union  are  to  be  allowed  to  collect 
subscriptions  and  transact  the  business  of  the  Union  providing 
they  do  not  interfere  directly  with  the  working  of  the  tramway, 
or,  if  they  are  employes,  fail  in  their  own  duties.  A  list  of 
employes  with  order  of  seniority  as  to  service  shall  be  exhibited  at 
each  depdt.  All  cars  to  be  fitted  with  seats  for  motormen  within 
sbc  months,  for  use  by  the  motormen  as  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Reference.  All  cars  within  the  same  period  to  be  fitted  with 
suitable  side  and  end  guttering  to  carry  off  water.  The  most 
important  section  of  the  award  related  to  preference,  and  as  it  was 
the  first  time  in  which  this  principle  had  been  embodied  in  an 
award  it  is  advisable  to  quote  it  in  full : — 

"  As  between  members  of  the  claimant  organieation  and  other 
persons  offering  or  desiring  service  or  employment  at  the  same  time, 
preference  shall,  in  the  manner  hereinafter  specified,  be  given  to 
such  members,  other  things  being  equal.  Before  making  the 
appointment,   the  company  shall  satisfy  itself  that  the  proposed 


Vol.  73.  No.  1,889,  fbbbcabt  21, 1918.]     THE    ELECTRIOAL   REVIEW. 


298 


appointee  is  a  member  of  the  AHsoolation,  or  that  there  is  no  member 
of  the  Associotion  applyinsr  who  in  equally  ouitablo  for  the  appoint- 
ment, apart  from  the  foot  of  his  membernhip." 

The  rPHt  of  the  award  statea  that  complaints  a(;c<^in8t  employes 
shall  be  (riven  thorn  in  writinff,  and  that  the  acoased  shall  be 
allowed  to  call  witnesses  on  his  behalf,  and  whall,  if  possible,  \>o 
confronted  with  his  accuser.  If  the  charpo  is  not  sustained,  tho 
employ<j  shall  be  paid  for  his  time,  and  reasonable  charires  allowed 
for  his  witnesses.  If  the  men's  Union  disBf^recs  with  the  com- 
pany's flndinif,  the  matter  shall  be  referred  by  either  party  to  the 
decision  of  the  Board  of  Reference. 

Provision  was  made  for  the  constitation  of  the  Board  of 
Reference. 

The  new  rates  of  wagrea  were  to  be  retrospective  from  October 
Ist,  and  the  provisions  as  to  spread  of  hours,  from  February  28th. 

In  making  the  award,  the  Judge  referred  to  the  length  of  the 
case,  as  it  had  occupied  the  Court  for  93  doys,  or  longer  than  any 
case  he  had  had  to  deal  with.  This,  in  hia  opinion,  was  partly  due 
to  the  difficulties  of  the  case,  and  partly  to  defects  in  the  Act. 

He  then  pave  a  long  and  detailed  account  of  the  Brisbane 
dispute,  which  had  done  so  much  to  impart  acrimony  into  the 
whole  question.  He  felt  that  the  attitude  of  Mr.  Badger,  the 
manager,  was  unjustifiable  and  autocratic.  In  the  Judge'sopinion,  the 
Arbitration  Act  encouraged  the  formation  of  employes'  unions  :  in 
Mr.  Badger's  opinion  they  were  very  objectionable.  He  felt, 
therefore,  that  he  must  condemn  the  position  taken  up  by  Mr. 
Badger  and  his  company,  and  as  they  would  not  agree  to  discon- 
tinue discriminating  between  non- unionists  and  Unionists,  to  the 
disadvantage  of  the  claimant  Association,  he  felt  it  necessary  to 
award  preference  for  the  men's  Union. 

He  had  tried,  in  wording  this  clause,  to  so  phrase  it  as  not  to 
curtail  the  efforts  of  the  manager  to  get  efficiency  in  his  service.  He 
regretted  the  necessity  for  taking  this  course  ;  it  was  the  first  time 
he  had  done  so,  but  the  action  of  the  company  had  rendered  it 
necessary. 

The  company  had  raised  the  question  of  an  Act  recently  passed 
by  the  Parliament  of  Queensland,  which  limited  his  powers  to 
grant  preference  to  members  of  the  men's  Unions.  If  such  a  point 
were  seriously  raised  he  should,  as  a  member  of  the  High  Court 
which  would  have  to  decide  it,  preserve  an  open  mind. 

The  position  with  regard  to  the  other  awards  was  gone  into  at 
the  same  time. 

(7<)  be  continued.') 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


OUR  LEGAL  QUERY  COLUMN. 

[Queitiom  addressed  to  this  column  skovld   be  ttyritten  on  one  side 
of  the  pajier  only.^ 


"Inquirer  '  writes: — "It  is  proposed  to  form  a  small  private 
company  to  supply  current  for  private  lighting  in  a  small  town. 
The  local  (parish)  council  have  no  intention  to  apply  for  powers, 
and  would  offer  no  objection  to  overhead  mains,  the  road  authority 
being  the  County  Council. 

"  What  powers  are  necessary  in  order  that  the  company  may  be 
in  a  legal  position  to  supply  current,  and  in  order  that  their 
interests  may  be  protected  at  any  future  time  in  the  event  of 
opposition  by  any  other  company  or  body,  and  how  could  these 
powers  be  obtained  most  easily  and  cheaply  .'  Would  a  licence 
from  the  B.  of  T.  be  sufficient .'  In  what  way  could  the  local  gas 
company  offer  effective  resistance  (if  any)  to  the  powers  being 
obtained  .' " 

*,*  If  the  local  authority  of  a  district  are  not  supplying  elec- 
tricity, it  is  competent  for  any  person  or  persons,  whether  they  are 
a  company  or  not,  to  fulfil  the  rSle  of  supply  authority.  The 
Electric  Lighting  Act  of  1909  made  no  difference  in  this  respect,  it 
being  there  provided  by  Sec.  23  that  where  in  any  area  a  local 
authority,  company  or  person  is  authorised  to  supply  electricity 
under  Act  of  Parliament  or  under  licence  or  provisional  order 
granted  under  the  Electric  Lighting  Acts,  it  shall  not,  after  the 
passing  of  this  Act,  be  lawful  for  any  other  local  authority,  com- 
pany or  person  to  commence  to  supply  or  distribute  electricity 
within  the  same  area,  unless  such  supply  or  distribution  is 
authorised  by  Act  of  Parliament  or  by  licence  or  provisional  order 
granted  in  terms  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Acts  ;  provided  that  this 
section  shall  not  prevent  any  company  who  at  the  passing  of  this 
Act  are  empowered  by  their  memorandum  of  association  to  generate 
electrical  energy,  from  affording  a  supply  to  a  railway  company  for 
purposes  incidental  to  that  company's  undertaking,  other  than  the 
conveyance  of  public  traffic. 

As  to  the  second  half  of  the  query,  a  company  may  get  to  work 
either  under  licence  or  provisional  order.  The  form  of  that  pro- 
visional order  will  be  found  in  the  schedule  to  the  Electric  Lighting 
Clauses  Act,  1899.  But  even  if  .they  do  not  work  under  provisional 
order,  they  cannot  be  prevented  or  interfered  with  by  the  local 
authority  in  the  future,  nor  would  the  opposition  of  the  gas  com- 
pany be  successful. 


International  Congress  of  •'  Cold. " — The  third  Inter- 
national Congress,  organised  by  the  Association  Internationale  du 
Froid,  will  meet  in  the  United  States  from  September  1-ith  to  24th. 
The  Congress  will  open  at  Washington  on  September  15th,  and  the 
actual  sittuugs  will  take  place  at  Chicago.  Particulars  can  be 
obtained  from  the  Association,  9,  Avenue  Camot,  Paris. 


Trade    Pre.s.s    F.xhlbit    at   Ohent.-— The    trwh   and 

technical  Cress  of  this  country  is  to  play  on  important  part  in  the 
Britit^h  Section  at  the  Uhent  International  Exhibition,  which 
oiMins  at  the  end  of  April,  for  a  collective  diKplay  in  being  organ- 
ised by  the  BxhibitionH  Branch  of  the  Board  of  Trwle.  A 
number  of  pa|>ers  (including  this  journal)  have  already  arranged 
to  participate,  and,  under  the  scheme  which  ban  N-en  adopted,  it  in 
expected  that  the  display  will  attract  much  attention.  The  exhibit 
will  take  the  form  of  a  large  reading  room  and  library,  where 
current  numbers  of  the  papers  will  be  found  on  reading  tables  and 
bound  volumes  on  the  shelves  which  line  the  walls.  A  visitor  will 
consequently  be  able,  not  only  to  see  the  latest  copies  of  the  papers 
which  interest  him.  but  alKO  to  refer  to  back  volumes  to  see  the 
range  of  frubjects  dealt  with.  The  library  has  been  specially 
designed  by  Mr.  Frank  Brangwyn,  A.R.A.,  and  the  work  ia  being 
carried  out  under  his  personal  direction.  It  baa  l^een  found  posf'ible 
to  allot  one  of  the  best  positionn  in  the  British  Section  to  the 
library.  On  one  side  it  opens  direct  on  to  the  main  avenue  through 
the  Exhibition  ground.",  and  a  large  proportion  of  the  viaitora 
entering  the  British  Pavilion  must  pass  through  it :  on  another 
side  it  communicates  with  the  offices  of  the  British  Section.  It 
also  leads  out  of  the  gallery  devoted  to  Arts  and  Crafts.  This  is 
the  first  occasion  that  such  an  exhibit  has  Vieen  made  by  British 
trade  papers,  and  it  is  hoped  that  it  will  create  grest  interest 
among  Continental  business  men,  who  will  thus  have  an  oppor- 
tunity of  becomitg  familiar  with  not  only  our  trade  papers,  but 
also  their  advertipi  ments  of  British  manufacturing  firms.  The 
Exhibition  will  remain  open  for  at  least  six  montbi>,  and  during 
that  time  a  great  deal  may  be  done  to  advance  British  trade 
interests.  The  Exhibitions  Branch  of  the  Board  of  Trade  have 
arranged  for  an  official  of  the  British  Chamber  of  Commerce  in 
Bele-ium  to  be  in  charge  of  the  library  in  order  to  answer  all  qoea- 
tions  and  furnish  daily  reports  to  the  proprietors  and  editors  of  the 
papers  taking  part. 

Exhibition  in  Sweden, — An  international  exhibition  ia 

to  be  held  at  Malmo  in  1914,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Swedish 
Government.  It  is  styled  the  "  Baltic,"  and  the  participation  of 
the  States  bordering  on  the  Baltic  have  been  specially  invited,  but 
other  countries  are  not  necessarily  excluded.  Machinery,  especially 
electrical,  will  be  strongly  represented. — Elektrotechnik  und  Mas- 
chijienbaii. 

Consnlar    IVotes. — Spain. — The   American   Consul   at 
Barcelona  reports  that  there  is  a  good  and  increasing  demand  in 
Spain   for    foreign    electrical   supplies  such    as    electric    motors, 
dynamos,  &c.    The  use  of  electricity  is  greatly  increasing  in  all 
parts  of  the  Peninsula,  not  only  in  the  principal  centres  of  popula- 
tion, but  also  in  the  country  where  water  power  is  chiefly  used  in 
the  factories  and  for  lighting  purposes.       In    fact,    there    is  a 
surprising  number  of   small   and   relatively    unimportant    towns 
lighted  by  electricity.    To   meet  this  increasing  demand  for  elec- 
trical  supplies  of  all  descriptions,   Spain  is  obliged   to   purchase 
considerable  quantities  of  these  goods  abroad,  the  total  imports  of 
electric  apparatus  in  1911  amounting  to  about  £730,000,  as  against 
about  £600,000  in  1910,  and  about  the  same  in  1909.     Only  a  small 
part  of  these  imports  came  from  the  United  States,  and  apparently 
very  little  effort  has   been  made  to   introduce  American  electricsil 
goods   into   the  country.    German    manufacturers,   on  the   other 
hand,  are    extensively    represented    in    the    important    industrial 
centres,  and  it  is  as  a  result  of  this,  that  Germany  succeeds  in 
supplying  about  two-thirds  of    all  the   electrical  machinery  and 
apparatus   imported.       Relative    cheapness    also    gives     German 
products  an  advantage   over  those   of  other  countries.     In    1911 
the  total   imports  of   electric  motors,   dynamos,    regulators,   and 
transformers,    amounted    to    about    £436,000,    as    against    about 
£368,000    in    1910,  and   about   £365,000    in   1909.     No    statistics 
are    at  present    avaUable    showing    the    imports    for    1911     by 
countries,     but     in     1910    Germany     was     the     chief     supplier 
of      these    goods,      sending      £136,000     worth      of       eleotrioal 
machinery  weighing    from     880   lb.   to    11,000    lb.   and   upward. 
France,  England,  and  Switzerland  were  next,  with  £18,000,  £18,000, 
and   £28,000  respectively.      The   United   States  supplied    £2,750 
worth  of  this  class  of  machinery.     Germany  also  sent  £103,000 
worth  of  electrical  machinery  weighing  880  lb.  and  less,  followed  by 
France,  Great  Britain  and  Sweden  with  much  smaller  amounts. 
Imports  from  the  United  States  in  this  line  amounted  to  £2,000. 
There  is  an  especially  good  demand  for  this  class  of  machinery, 
whioh  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  the  imports  nearly  doubled  in 
the  past  three  years.     The  importation  of  electric  accumulators 
and  batteries  is  not  important,  amounting  to  only  £65,000,  whioh 
is  almost  entirely  supplied  by  Germany,  France  and  Great  Britain, 
in  the  order  named.     On  account  of  the  increased  home  production, 
imports  of    electric  cables  and    wires    are   gradually    declining. 
Germany  again  holds  the  first  place  in  this  line,  importing  in  1910 
£33,300  out  of  a  total  of  £50,000.    There  are  four  factories  for 
electric  cables  in  the  Province  of  Barcelona,  and  various  others  in 
different  parts  of  the  country.     A  steady  increase  is  observed  in  the 
imports  of  telephone  and  telegraph  apparatus  and  electric  meters, 
which   the  Spanish  tariff  classifies   under   one   heading.     Imports 
amounted  to  £50,000  in  1909,  £57,000  in  1910,  and  £6S,OC0  in  1911 
Germany  is  the  chief  supplier  of  these  articles,  furnishing  in  1910 
118,146  lb.,  valued  at  £33,000  ;  but  these  imports  consisted,  for  the 
largest  part,   of    telegraph    apparatus.      Telephone  apparatus   is 
abnost  exclusively  supplied  by  Sweden  and  France,  imports  from 
these  countries  »n:ountiog  to  *6,500  and  £8,600  reqwotively.    The 


294 


THE    ELECTEIOAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.72.  No.  1,839,  febrpabt  21. 1918. 


United  States  surrHed  32,568  lb.,  -sained  at  £900,  but  it  is  difficult 
to  pay  jnet  what  article*  are  inclodfd  therein.  Electric  meters  are 
nanufiictured  locally,  there  beinp  two  factories  for  this  article  in 
the  city,  the  output  of  whith  is  estimated  at  over  100  meters  of 
various  kinds  daily.  Imports  of  arc  lamps  are  on  the  decline,  the  total 
imirorts  amounting  to  £9  000  in  1911,  as  against  £18,600  two  years 
ago.  Over  two-thirds  of  the  imports  are  of  German  manufacture. 
A  surprisingr  increase  is  noted  in  the  imports  of  incandescent  globes 
(mounted  ready  for  uee),  which  amounted  to  £81,000  in  1909, 
£9.=i,fi00  in  1910,  and  £135,000  in  1911.  There  are  now  10  factories 
for  this  article  at  Barcelona  alone,  but,  notwithstanding  their 
increased  output  and  the  constant  erection  of  new  factories,  im- 
ports continue  to  rise.  Again  Germany  is  the  principal  eupplier, 
furnishing  in  1910  about  £80,000  worth  of  incandescent  globes. 
France  and  Austria-Hungary  are  also  in  the  market,  but  with 
much  amaller  amounts.  The  actual  wholesale  price  of  globes 
manufactured  in  the  country  is  378.  6d.  per  hundred,  and  imported 
globes  sell  at  70s.  per  hundred,  payable  at  90  days. 

A  new  movement  now  on  foot  in  the  district  of  Catalonia  to 
utilise  water-power  for  the  production  of  electricity  has  brought 
about  a  decrease  in  the  price  of  electricity  for  both  power  and 
lighting  purposes.  Consequently  many  manufacturers  at  present 
using  steam  are  considering  the  installation  of  electricity,  and  the 
demand  for  electrical  machinery  and  supplies  is  expected  to  increase 
considerably  in  the  near  future.  Barcelona  and  Bilbao  are  impor- 
tant receiving  points  for  all  kinds  of  electrical  supplies,  the  latter 
port  espyecially  for  electric  cables. 

Para(;naj. — The  American  Consul  at  Asuncion  reports  that  with 
the  completion  of  the  Asuncion  electric  light  and  power  plant  in 
1913,  there  will  arife  a  demand  for  motors  and  other  electrical 
utilities,  opening  up  a  new  field  for  manufacturers,  provided  they 
are  ready  to  compete  with  the  concessionaires  of  the  plant  who  are 
connected  with  German  sources  of  supply.  As  indicating  the 
failure  of  American  firms  to  grapple  with  conditions  adequately 
the  Consul  states  that  soon  after  the  concession  was  granted,  he 
reported  opportunities  for  certain  electrical  appliances  for  which  an 
agency  was  needed  in  Asuncion.  Replies  were  received  from  leading 
manufacturing  concerns  in  the  States,  but  led  to  no  result,  chiefly 
for  the  reason  that  definite  estimates  could  not  be  made  without 
much  trouble  from  the  price  lists  obtained.  In  one  instance  it 
took  a  fortnight  to  figure  out  an  estimate  for  15.000  electric  lamps, 
fixtures,  &c.,  on  account  of  the  variation  in  discounts.  If  there 
had  been  one  discount  for  a  whole  list  or  a  discount  for  a  page,  say, 
of  classified  articles,  the  American  house  would  have  stood  on  a 
more  equal  footing  with  its  competitors.  Some  manufacturers 
made  no  offer  to  establish  a  direct  agency,  but  offered  to  deal 
through  their  Buenos  Ayres  agents,  apparently  not  realising  that 
there  are  competitors  dealing  directly  with  this  territory.  Prices 
were  often  quoted  f.o.b.  at  the  factory,  perhaps  some  interior  point 
in  the  United  States,  leaving  the  prospective  purchaser  quite  in  the 
dark  as  to  what  he  could  offer  the  goods  for  here.  Prices  should 
at  least  be  f.o.b.  port  of  embarkation.  Better  still  would  be  prices 
c.Lf.  Monte  Video  or  Buenos  Ayres,  but,  best  of  all,  c.i.f.  Asuncion. 
Transportation  companies  and  forwarding  agents  should  make  this 
popsibie. 

GnadelODpe. — The  American  Consul  at  Guadeloupe  reports  that 
the  concest-ions  granted  to  Hubert  Ancelin,  of  Basi>e  Terre.  for  the 
electric  lighting  of  Point  a  Pitre,  Basse  Terra  and  Sainte  Claude, 
put  up  for  salfe  in  the  middle  of  1912,  have  been  taken  over  by  the 
8oci6'6  Anonyme  d'Electricite  de  la  Guadeloupe,  composed  of  local 
capitalists.  The  stock  of  the  company  has  been  fully  subscribed 
and  one-half  paid  in.  It  is  the  intention  to  build  only  the  Basse 
Terre  plant  at  present.  This  plant  will  have  a  capacity  of 
18,000  c.P.  of  incandescent  lights,  of  which  1,500  c.r.  is  to  be 
furnished  for  lighting  the  Colonial  Government  buildings,  and 
2,000  c.P.  for  lighting  the  streets  and  municipal  buildings  ;  the 
balance  is  for  private  subscribers. 

For  the  light  furnished  to  the  Government  and  municipality,  a 
subsidy  of  approximately  £1,200  per  year  is  guaranteed  under  the 
terms  of  the  concessions,  and.  under  certain  conditions,  additional 
payments  may  be  obtained.  The  amount  which  can  be  charged 
private  subscribers  is  fixed  at  g^^.  per  c.P.  per  hour,  but  this  is 
modified  by  a  clause  which  permits  the  company  to  make  private 
contracts  ;  the  use  of  meters  for  measuring  the  current  furnished 
is  optional.  In  private  installations,  it  is  provided  that  the  current 
shall  be  brought  free  of  charge  to  each  building,  but  that  the  sub- 
scriber shall  pay  all  costs  within  the  building,  all  materials  to  be 
fntnished  by  the  company  at  the  catalogue  prices  of  French 
dealers  in  such  commodities,  plus  25  per  cent,  at  the  highest. 
Orders  for  the  necessary  equipment  will  be  placed  with  the 
Thorason-Honston  Co.,  Paris,  and  work  was  to  begin  in  the  early 
autumn.  The  high  tariff  on  electrical  supplies  precludes  orders 
being  placed  elsewhere  than  in  France.  The  life  of  the  concessions 
in  40  years,  and  at  the  end  of  that  period  the  entire  plant  becomes 
1'r.e  property  of  the  Government  and  municipality. 

Osrams  In  Sbanirhai. — Recent  advices  from  the  General 

Electric  Co.,  of  China,  Ltd.,  shown  that  the  Osram  drawn-wire  lamp 
is  becoming  very  popular  there.  At  the  company's  Shanghai 
branch,  orders  are  frequently  received  for  the  lamps  in  lots  of 
thouMnds  Indeed,  dnring  a  fortnight  in  last  Novtmber,  orders 
aggregating  1 3,000  Osram  lamps  were  secured  from  cotton  mills  in 
Shanghai  alf-ne.  Furthermore,  the  Shanghai  Tramways  have 
ordered  1,000  Osraras. 

New  Map. — Mr.  Edward  Stanford  lias  issued  his  usual 
map  for  the  Parliamentary  Session,  1913,  showing  the  proposed 
railways,  tramways  and  other  schemes  affecting  London  in  connec- 
tion with  Bills  where  plans  have  be<>n  deposited  vith  the  L.C.C. 
The  pric!  is  2» 


Strike. — "We  are  informed  that  the  strike  which  is  in 
progress  at  the  works  of  Messb.s.  Evebsheo  A:  Vionoles,  Ltd., 
came  about  in  consequence  of  a  workman  being  discharged  for 
neglecting  his  work.  The  men  consider  that  he  was  harshly  dealt 
with,  and  demand  his  reinstatement — a  demand  which  the  com- 
pany, in  view  of  all  the  circumstances,  are  not  prepared  to  concede. 
We  underftand  that  the  employes  in  the  stores,  packing  department 
and  winding  and  lacquering  rooms  are  fully  at  work  ; 
further,  that  every  member  of  the  staff  throughout  the  works  is 
doing  his  utmost  to  help  the  company,  and  &  considerable  amoant 
of  work  is  thus  being  completed. 

The  IV.  T.  Jonrnal. — The  liquidator  of  the  National 
Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.,  is  disposing  of  the  back  numbers  of  our 
now  defunct,  but  always  excellent,  contemporary,  T/ifi  Xationitl  Tele- 
phone Journal.  There  were  70  monthly  numbers,  and  only  three 
are  out  of  print,  and  any  reader  requiring  a  set  can  have  same  for 
a  comparatively  nominal  charge  by  addressing,  Mr.  V.  Baldwin, 
Room  37.  Telephone  House,  E.G. 

Sweden. — It  is  reported  from  Stockholm  that  a  new  sub- 
sidiary company  has  been  formed  by  the  A.  B.  Ljurgstrom  Steam- 
turbine  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  special  workshops  for  the  manu- 
facture of  the  Ljungstrom  turbine.  Up  to  the  present  there  has 
been  no  workshop  suitable  for  building  these  engines  commercially, 
and  those  turbines  that  have  been  completed  have  all  been  made 
for  experimental  purposes.  The  new  company  has  a  capital  of 
£77,777,  and  it  has  already  pnrchaped  suitable  factory  buildings  in 
the  small  town  of  Finspong.  The  orders  for  turbines  already 
booked  are  said  to  amount  to  a  total  capacity  of  27,000  h.p.,  and 
there  are  in  addition  a  number  of  engines  that  the  company  has 
been  unable  to  deal  with. 

Our  Swedish  contemporary  Afarsiarlden  has  made  an  inquiry 
of  the  Nya  Elektriska  A.B.,  of  Stockholm,  with  regard  to  the 
electrical  industry  in  1912  and  the  prospects  for  1913.  In  reply,  the 
compauy  states  that  the  demand  for  all  kinds  of  electrical  goods  has 
been  far  more  lively  than  in  1911,  and  the  customers  have  increased 
in  number.  The  number  of  electrical  power  stations  projected  or 
under  construction,  however,  has  been  declining  somewhat,  a  fact 
which  is  attributed  to  the  uncertain  conditions  which  will 
prevail  until  the  policy  of  the  Government  in  regard  to  the  future 
has  taken  shape.  The  prospects  for  1913  are  very  favourable,  and  the 
year  will  no  doubt  be  one  of  increased  activity,  provided  only 
that  the  Balkan  war  does  not  cause  any  greater  disturbances.  A 
large  number  of  extensions  are  going  to  be  made  in  the  course  of 
1913,  and  the  new  plants  to  be  erected  are  also  numerous. 

Dissolntions  and  Liquidations. — Renard  Road  and 

Rail  Transport  Cobpobation,  Ltd. — A  meeting  is  to  be  held 
at  82,  Victoria  Street,  London,  S.W.,  on  March  18th,  to  hear  an 
account  of  the  winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  H.  A. 
Grimsdick. 

Natubal  Gas  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.- -A  meeting  will  be  held 
on  March  19th,  at  11,  Ironmonger  Lane,  London,  E  C ,  to  hear  an 
account  of  the  winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  W.  B.  Peat. 

Pbemiee  Bitumen  akd  Asphalte  Co.,  Stratford,  London.— 
Messrs.  H.  Levin  and  C.  R.  Berry  have  dissolved  partnership.  Mr. 
Berry  will  attend  to  debts  and  continue  the  business  under  the 
same  style. 

.1.  Stiff  &  Sons,  High  Street,  Lsmbeth,  London,  S.E.— With 
reference  to  the  purchase  of  the  goodwill  and  connection  of  this  busi- 
ness bv  Mepsrs.  Doulton  &  Co.,  Ltd  ,  last  December,  the  partnership  of 
S.  J.  S"tiff,  J.  A.  Stiff,  and  W.iF.  Stiff,  as  J.  Stiff  &  Sons,  was  dissolved 
as  from  December  Slst,  and  accounts  against  the  firm  should  be  sent 
to  them  without  delay. 

Ke\"an  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. — Liquidator  (Mr.  H.  de  V.  Brougham) 
released  February  11th,  1913. 

Book  Notices. — T/ie  Universal  Electrical  Directory 
(J.  A.  Berly's).  1913.  London  :  H.  Alabaster,  Gatehouse  &  Co. 
Price  21s.  ("  A  "  edition,  containing  'British  and  Colonial '" sections 
only,  12s.). — This  very  useful  directory  of  electrical  men  and 
electrical  trades,  has  now  reached  its  thirty -second  annuad  issne. 
It  contains  between  1,500  and  1,600  pages  of  closely  packed 
directory  matter,  which  everybody  having  relations  with  elec- 
trical men,  either  at  home  or  abroad,  ought  to  have  within  easy 
reach.  In  the  first  section  it  contains  alphabetically  arranged 
names  and  addresses,  and  where  possible,  the  telegraph  addresses 
and  telephone  numbers,  of  all  electrical  men  and  concerns  in  and 
around  London.  A  similar  provincial  section  comes  next,  a  full 
British  Classified  Trades  Section  following.  The  usual  handy 
Britifh  Geographical  Section.  Colonial  and  General  Foreign 
Alphabetical  and  Classified  Sections,  Continental  and  U.S.A. 
Alphabetical  and  Classified  Sections,  then  appear  in  the  order 
Hteted.  The  Electricity  Works  Sections,  both  for  Home  and  for 
the  Colonies  and  many  foreign  countries,  contain  invaluable 
information  respecting  chief  engineer,  character  of  current, 
voltage,  and  so  on,  and  in  the  alphabetical  sections  for  both 
London  and  the  provinces,  financial  information  regarding  com- 
panies is  given.  Produced,  as  the  work  is,  in  its  present  form  as 
the  result  of  very  lengthy  experience,  and  embodying  alterations 
which  changing  years  and  the  needs  of  users  have  proved  to  be 
necessary,  we  anticipate  that  it  will  be  required  in  most  business 
houses  where  commuricatiug  with  electrical  men  is  a  daily 
necessity.  Knowing  only  too  well  the  importance  of  having 
reliable  and  full  information  respecting  Colonial  and  foreign 
addresses,  in  these  days  of  growing  export  electrical  and 
engineering  trade,  the  publishers  and  compilers  have  incurred 
heavy  expense  in  their  endeavours  to  ensure  completeness  and 
aocuracy  in  this  respect.  To  thousands  of  offices  this  infonnation 
alone  should  be  worth  many  times  the  cost  of  the  book. 


Vol.72.   No.  i.ftfio.FKBRnARY 21, 1913.1    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


295 


.TnpiiHi-A,'  Jliyi.iti>r  of  Jirilhh  Tr(uh».  London !  Far  EaHtorn 
Advertlnini?  Aj^oncy.  Ltd.  -Thin  volume  han  Iweii  printed  and  pro- 
duced in  Jnpan  with  native  labour.  It  hoH  Ix-cn  uompiled  con 
wqnent  upon  the  need  for  Hiich  a  publication  by  leadinir  manu- 
factarerH  in  Japan  who  wanted  to  (fot  into  direct  buHineHH  relationnhip 
with  manufaotnrerd  in  this  country.  Wo  hope  that  the  book  will 
be  the  means  of  inoreasinif  our  trade  connections  with  the  onter- 
prioinif  business  spirits  in  .(apan.  A  larpre  number  of  British 
names  and  nddresses  are  (riven  in  classitied  trade  sections.  We 
understand  that  the  work  of  revision  and  addition  is  being  taken  in 
hand  for  a  1  ill 4  edition. 

"  TmnMctldii.iot  the  Institution  of  Entfineers  and  Shipbuilders  in 
Scotland."     Part  IV,  1912-13.     Olasjrow  :  The  Institution. 

"■  Tritmartioiiit  of  the  lUuminatinsr  Entrineerinf?  Society." 
Vol.  VII,  Xo.  '.).  December,  1912.  New  York  :  The  Society.  Price 
75  cents. 

"  Prorrrili/itis  of  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers." 
Vol.  XXXII,  No.  2.  February,  1913.  New  York:  The  Institute. 
Price  |1. 

"  Prorreilingn  of  the  Engineers'  Club  of  Philadelphia."  Vol. 
XXX,  No   1.     January  1913.     Philadelphia  :  The  Club. 

"  Jivllethi  Mensuel  delaSocieto  Relped'Electriciens."  Vol.  XXIX, 
No.  11.     November,  1912.     Brussels  :  B.  Bruylant.     Price  1  fr.  75  c. 

"Oalculs  Techniques  et  Economiques  des  Lignes  de  Transport  et 
de  Distribution  d'Bnergie  Electrique."  By  C.  Le  Roy.  1913. 
Paris  :  Hermann  et  Fils.     Price  6  fr. 

"Bells,  Indicators,  Telephones,  Fire  and  Burglar  Alarms,  &c," 
By  J.  B.  Redfern  and  J.  Savin.  Price  Is.  (id.  net.  '  Iron  and 
Steel."  By  O.  T.  Hudson  and  Guy  D.  Bengough.  Price  6s.  net. 
London  :  Constable  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

"  Tranititptionx  of  the  University  of  Toronto  Engineering  Society. ' 
Vol.  VII.  No.  3.     January,  1913.    Toronto  :  The  University. 

'^  Journal  of  the  Western  Society  of  Engineers."  Vol.  XVII, 
No.  10.    December,  1912.    Chicago  :  The  Society.    Price  50  cents. 

"  La  Th6orie  du  Rayonnement  et  les  Quanta."  By  P.  Langevin 
and  M.  de  Broglie.  Price  15  fr.  "Sur  les  EtTets  PhyBiologiques 
des  Conrants  Electriques."  By  Dr.  G.  Weiss.  Price  5  fr.  Paris  : 
Gauthier-Villars. 

"  Essentials  of  Electricity."  By  W.  H.  Timbie.  1913.  London  : 
Chapman  &  Hall,  Ltd.     Price  5s.  (id.  net. 

Hearty  congratulations  to  onr  contemporary  the  Financial  Times 
on  the  celebration  of  its  twenty-fifth  birthday.  Advantage  was  appro- 
priately taken  of  the  event  for  the  publication  of  a  bumper  issue  on 
February  13th,  in  which  many  interesting  special  articles  and 
illustrations  appeared,  giving  a  mass  of  information  of  particular 
interest  to  all  who  are  concerned  with  finance  and  commerce. 

Bankruptcy    Proceedings. — William  Loxgdox   and 

Veknon  George  Cobb  (trading  as  Longdon  &  Cobb),  electrical 
engineers,  101a,  Derby  Road,  Nottingham.— The  public  examina- 
tion of  the  above-named  debtors  was  held  at  the  County  Court 
House,  St.  Peter's  Gate,  Nottingham,  last  week,  when  the  liabilities 
were  put  at  £291,  and  the  assets  were  estimated  to  realise  £45, 
leaving  a  deficiency  of  £240.  In  answer  to  the  Official  Receiver, 
the  debtor,  Longdon,  said  he  had  been  connected  with  the  electrical 
engineering  trade  for  over  30  years,  and  started  trading  on  his  own 
account  about  four  years  ago.  The  work  had  increased  consider- 
ably, and  in  March,  1912,  needing  assistance,  he  took  Cobb  into 
partnership,  the  latter  introducing  a  capital  of  £150.  The  business 
had  not  proved  a  success,  and  creditors  began  to  press  them  as  soon 
as  the  partnership  was  entered  into.  The  case  was  adjourned  so 
that  the  debtors  might  furnish  a  cash  and  goods  account  for  a 
certain  period  prior  to  the  date  of  the  receiving  order. 

J.  W.  Lewslet,  electrician,  Nottingham. — Receiving  order  made 
February  14th  on  debtor's  petition. 

Habky  Thorpe,  electrician  and  engineer,  11,  Bartholomew- 
Villas,  Kentish  Town  Road,  London,  late  of  High  Holbom  and 
Holloway. — Adjudication  annulled  on  February  3rd,  "  it  appearing 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Court  that  all  the  debts  herein  have  been 
paid  in  full."     Date  of  adjudication,  April  7th,  1905. 

Catalogues    and   Lists. — Messrs.    Waltox    &  Co., 

Newton  Street,  Birmingham. — Advance  copy  of  price  list,  with 
illustrations,  of  leather  fillets,  brass  dowels,  iron  dowel  plates, 
birchwood  dowels,  steel  spring  washers  and  leather  washers  for 
pattern  shop  and  other  purposes.  This  forms  the  first  section  of  a 
price  list  which  is  intended  to  cover  the  requirements  of  the  works 
manager. 

The  Armokduct  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Farringdon 
Avenue,  London,  E.C.,  have  issued  a  card  with  map  showing  how 
their  premises  may  be  quickly  and  conveniently  reached  from  the 
principal  suburbs. 

Messrs.  Cookson  &  Co.,  25,  New  Oxford  Street,  London,  W.C. — 
New  lists  of  C.  and  C.  ignition  and  car-lighting  accumulators, 
traction  accumulators,  india-rubber  corks  and  collars,  and  hydro- 
meters for  accumulators,  also  cheap  engineer's  watches. 

The  Derome  Standard  Pulley  Block  and  Craxe  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  78,  Southwark  Street,  London,  E.G. — 32-page 
booklet  (No.  78;  containing  revised  prices  and  illustrations  of  their 
various  cranes  and  pulley  blocks. 

A.E.G.,  Berlin. — Nos.  1  and  2  of  "  Mitterlungen  aus  dem  Kabel- 
werk  Oberspree,"  dealing  with  insulating  materials,  and  armoured 
flexible  cables  for  portable  tools. 

The  Paragon  Wire  Mills,  10-12,  Norman  s  Buildings,  St. 
Luke's,  London,  E.G.— Price  leaflets  of  silk  and  cotton-covered 
copper  wires,  bell  flex,  bell  wires  and  braided  wires. 

The  Sloan  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  12,  Golden  Lane,  London, 
E.C. — ^ew  catalogue  of  40  pages,  -  containing  iUuBtrations  and 
clcbtly  tab'nlsted  prices   of    variotiB  tyip^s,   shapes    and  sizes  of 


niotallic  and  oarbon-fllament  larapii,  namely.  Auriga  !•""•' '.  *'»'''•■ 
Osrum,  Philips  "UK,"  Tantalum.  WoUu.  Z,  and  lubolil.-.  E^h 
section  iM-gins  with  a  rei.rint  in  colour,  and  on  a  nmall  ii«»l.-.  of  th« 
lampniaker'M  jjoster.  The  company  holdii  larire  •twikd  of  all  M»e 
lamps  mention r-d.  ,.      ,        »      j 

MicHHUH.  VKliriYrf,  Ltd.,  JH.  King  Street,  Covent  Gard.-n,  London. 
WC-  New  li:<t  (eight  pakres)  giving  illudlratwl  j-articulur*  and 
prioeB  of  the  '  Aston  "  automatin  lighting  «:tj.,  b.\v>  several  typci  of 
fans  (Typhoon,  Delhi,  Rangoon,  and  Ceylon). 

Mkhhkh.  Jon  Day  *  Ho.ss,  Ltd.,  Kllorby  Lane,  I^edH— lUnstrmUsa 
leaflet  giving  notes  regardirg  the  design  and  conntrtiftion  A^c.  of 
their  high  speed  vertical  engines. 

Trade  Announcements.— Thk  Coimv  Ivm.nkkkiv. 

AND  Lii;htin(;  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  10,  Colonnade,  New  Street,  Binninjr- 
ham,  announce  that  they  have  now  given  up  contracting  work  and 
are  taking  up  the  business  of  engineem' agents.  They  have  )u»t 
been  appointed  solo  agents  to  the  Sun  Klectrical  Co.,  for  Birming- 
ham and  district.  ..  •    u     j- 

For  "  JIaldivin  "  Engineering  and  Supply  Co.  under  this  heading: 
last  week  read  Jialdur.  t     t      a 

Mr  R  H.  Johnston  has  resigned  his  position  of  Ix)ndon 
manager  for  the  Rees  Roturbo  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Wolverhampton,  and 
has  entered  into  part;ner8hii)  with  Mr.  P.  B.  Down,  also 
of  the  same  company.  The  firm  of  Down  ,V  Johnston  have  their 
offices  at  Craven  House,  Kingsway,  and  are  carrying  on  baginewi 
as  manufacturers'  agents  in  plant,  machinery,  centrifugal  pnmpe. 
and  steam  turbines.  They  desire  to  receive  catalogues  from  makern 
of  other  specialities. 

The  Midland  Manui-actuking  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  R^a  Street  .South, 
Birmingham,  will,  in  future,  operate  two  telephone  lines  wnth  a 
private  branch  exchange,  Nob.  671  and  •',72  Midland. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Barwell.— The  P.O.  has  decided  to  submit  to  a  meeting 
of  parishioners  a  scheme  of  public  lighting  proposed  by  the 
Leicestershire  and  Warwickshire  Electric  Co.,  which  offers  to  light 
the  streets  from  August  to  April  until  1130  p.m.  each  day  with 
.■>0-c.P.  lamps  at  £2  10s.  per  lamp  per  season. 

Belfast.— A  special  meeting  of  the  Tramways  and  Elec- 
tricity Committee  has  given  further  consideration  to  the  question 
of  the  proposed  extension  of  the  electrical  undertaking.  Pro- 
longed discussion  took  place  on  the  reports  of  the  city  electrical 
engineer  (Mr.  Bloxam),  and  in  the  result  the  Committee  passed  a 
resolution  expressing  the  opinion  that  an  extension  of  the  electrical 
undertaking  was  necessary.  It  instructed  Mr.  Bloxam  to  submit 
some  further  information  at  a  special  meeting  to  be  held  on 
2(ith  inst. 

Bingley     (Vorhshire).— The    District     Council     has 

decided  to  enter  into  an  agreement  with  the  Keighley  Corporation 
for  the  supply  of  electricity  in  bulk,  and  to  apply  for  powers  to 
borrow  £5  500,  the  estimated  cost  of  cables,  sub-station  and 
machinery  ;  the  agreement  with  Keighley  is  to  be  for  ten  years.  In 
reply  to  a  letter  which  had  been  received  from  the  local  Property 
Owners'  Association,  the  chairman  of  the  Council  said  inuch  con- 
sideration had  been  given  to  the  possibility  or  otherwise  of  Bmgley 
generating  its  own  supply  by  means  of  its  own  water  power 
facilities,  and  an  expert  on  the  subject  had  given  advice  that  such  a 
scheme  would  not  pay  for  several  years  even  if  there  was  sufficient 
water  power,  which  there  was  not. 

Cardiff.— In  the  electric  lighting  department,  Mr. 
Arthur  Ellis  estimates  for  the  year  an  expenditure  of  £52  200  w 
against  an  estimate  of  £45,714  for  last  year,  and  an  income  of  £o5,M8 
as  against  £50,750,  thus  allowing  for  an  estimated  surplus  of  £3,06  - . 
as  against  an  estimated  surplus  of  £5,035  last  year,  and  an  actual 
surplus  of  £2,458  in  1911-12. 

Carlisle.- The  Public  Lighting  Committee  has  decided 
to  erect  flame  arc  lamps  in  several  parts  of  the  borough,  and  has 
requested  the  Electricity  Committee,  along  with  the  Gas  Committee, 
to  consider  the  question  of  reducing  the  charges  for  public  lighting 
as  and  from  the  end  of  the  present  financial  year. 

Chatham.— An  installation  of  electric  lamps  in  the  High 
Street,  carried  out  by  the  Kent  Electric  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  was 
inaugurated  on  Monday,  the  current  being  switched  on  by  the 
Mayor. 

Chesterfield.— The  T.C.  has  decided  to  supply  current 

to  the  Chesterfield  Tube  Co..  Ltd.,  at  'TSd.  per  KW.-hour  for  the 
first  100,000  KW.-hours  per  annum,  this  price  to  be  reduced  ^by 
■OO.-.d  per  KW.-hour  for  each  additional  10,000  KW.-hours,  until  the 
minimum  price  of  "eod.  is  reached  forasupply  of  300,000  KW.-hours. 
The  company  is  to  pay  a  minimum  of  £.>00  each  year. 

In  order  to  economically  meet  the  large  and  increasing  demand 
for  current  on  the  south  side  of  the  town,  high-tension  transform- 
ing machinery  and  transmission  lines  are  to  be  provided,  at  an 
estimated  cost  of  £S,040,  to  be  met  out  of  revenue. 

Christchurch  (Hants.).— At  the  last  meeting  of  the 
B  of  G  an  agreement  was  sealed  with  the  Bonrnemoath.  and  Poole 
Eleotrioity  Supply  Co!  to  light  the  woTkhonse  •with  electricity. 


296 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.  72.  No.  1,839,  rBBBUABT  21,  wis. 


Colwyn  Bay. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Council  last  week, 

the  manac'erof  the  electricity  works  reported  that  he  had  jfone  into 
the  question  of  liphting-  the  Cayley  Promenade.  As  the  work  could 
not  be  done  temporarily,  it  v.-as  decided  that  the  matter  should  be 
postponed. 

Continental   \otes.— Gkrmanv.— A   new   10,000-kw. 

Eteam  turbine  and  alternator  is  to  be  added  to  the  plant  at  the 
municipal  central  8t»tion  at  Chemnitz. 

The  Frankische  Ulierlandwerke  Gesellschaft  is  the  name  of  a 
new  company  which  has  just  been  formed  in  Nuremburg-,  with  a 
capital  of  £200,000  to  establish  a  large  central  generating  station 
for  the  supply  of  current  for  lighting  and  power  purposes  in  the 
Mittelfranken  Province.  The  Schiickert  Co.  and  the  Mittel- 
franken  provincial  authorities  are  both  financially  interested  in  the 
new  undertaking. 

It  is  reported  from  Cologne  that  the  Rhenische-Wpstfalische 
Electricitatswerke  Gesellschaft  has  decided  on  the  pstabli>hment 
of  a  la'ge  new  electricity  generating  station  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Rhine  near  the  Ridder  Colliery.  The  plant,  it  is  said,  will 
comprise  two  25  000-H.p.  steam  turbines. 

Fkance. — A  company  has  just  been  formed  at  Orleans,  with  a 
capital  of  £18,000  and  the  title  La  Sjciete  I'Electrique  de 
rOrleanais,  to  establish  a  small  central  station  for  the  supply  of 
eloctrical  energy  for  lighting  and  power  purposes  in  the  town  and 
district  of  Orleans. 

A  hydroelectric  schf  me  of  some  magnitude,  concerning  as  it  will 
the  four  departments,  Bouches-du-Rhone,  Var,  Vaucluse  and  Basses- 
Alpes,  is  now  under  the  consideration  of  a  special  Commission 
nominated  by  the  Minister  of  Agriculture.  The  tcheme  propoFes 
to  ntilise  the  waters  of  the  Fontaine  de  I'Eveque,  the  construction 
of  two  dams,  and  the  building  of  a  oanal,  .")8  km.  long,  to  Pourcieui, 
where  water  will  be  distributed  by  two  branches  to  Var  and  the 
Bouches-du-Rhone.  The  Commission  has  already  formulated  a 
variety  of  modifications  of  the  original  scheme,  and  joint  delibera- 
tions are  now  taking  place  previous  to  its  final  adoption  by  the 
Government.  This  scheme  is  one  of  a  number  fubmit^ed,  at  the 
invitation  of  the  Minister  of  Agriculture,  by  various  bodies  for 
dealing  comprehensively  with  the  water  resources  of  this  part  of 
France. 

An  understanding  has  been  come  to  between  the  Usines  de 
Creusot  and  the  Forges  d'AUevard  with  regard  to  the  establish- 
ment at  Pontcharra  (Fsere)  of  a  hydroelectric  station  and  steel 
works  of  a  large  capacity. — La  Liimiii-e  Eltctrique. 

Spain.— La  Sociedad  Enernia  Electrica  de  Cataluna  has  applied 
for  a  concession  to  establish  an  electric  transmission  line 
between  Villafrancha  del  Panade  and  Perafort,i  at  a  pressure  of 
80,000  volts,  and  for  a  similnr  line  at  11,000  volts  from  Perafort  to 
Tarragona  and  Reuss,  to  transmit  the  current  from  the  Casa  Barba 
central  station. 

Cromer.— The  referendum  taken  by  the  U.D.C.  on  the 
qnention  of  the  transfer  of  the  electric  light  undertaking  to 
Messrs.  Edmundsons  has  resulted  in  314  votes  being  cast  in  favour 
of  the  transfer,  and  27;S  against,  a  majority  in  favour  of  41.  The 
replies  received  numbered  (US,  of  which  20  were  invalid,  and  40.". 
ratepayers  declined  to  vote.  A  special  meeting,  which  was  called  to 
consider  the  position  on  Monday,  decided  by  eight  vote^  to  five  to 
proceed  with  the  agreement  to  transfer  the  undertaking. 

Doujflas  (Isle  of  Man).— The  Tynwald  Court  has  held 
an  inquiry  into  the  application  of  the  T.O.  for  a  loan  of  £3,000 
for  an  electric  light  installation  at  the  Villa  Marina.  There  was 
no  opposition. 

With  reference  to  the  proposed  electric  supply  for  the  town, 
the  Corporation  has  decided  to  obtain  particulars  of  a  scheme 
from  experts,  the  cost  not  to  exceed  £12,000. 

Epsom. — Subject  to  the  following  amendments,  the 
Highways  Committee  resolved  that  consent  be  given  to  the  prov. 
order  which  is  being  applied  for  by  the  Leatherhead  and  District 
Electricity  Co. :  (1)  That  the  mains  to  be  laid  within  two  years 
should  be  extended  at  certain  points  in  Cobham,  Oxshott  and  Great 
and  Little  Bookham  ;  (2)  that  the  amount  of  the  deposit  (Electric 
Clauses  Act,  1899)  be  £400;  and  (3)  that  the  charges  should  be 
6d.  and  3d.  instead  of  8d.  and  4d.  The  company  agreed  to  the 
extensions,  with  the  exception  of  Bookham,  but  refused  to  agree  to 
a  larger  deposit  than  £200,  and  to  a  reduction  in  the  charges.  A 
further  communication  from  the  Committee  to  the  company  was 
made,  but  no  other  negotiations  had  taken  place.  Eventually  the 
Council  passed  a  resolution  consenting  to  the  order  being  granted. 

Eynsford.- Sir  Wm.  Hart  Djke  is  having  the  electric 
light  installed  at  Lullingstone  Castle. 

Granire.— The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  inform  the  Electric 
Lighting  Co.  that  it  will  be  prepared  to  give  rca-onable  facilities 
for  the  erection  and  maintenance  of  electric  lighting  plant  in 
Grange,  and  is  negotiating  for  the  purchase  of  a  site  which  it 
would  be  prepared  to  lease  for  the  erection  of  an  electric  lighting 
station. 

Hereford. — lilectricity  is  to  be  substituted  for  Pteam  for 
pumping  at  the  waterworks,  and  a  loan  of  £1,600  is  to  be  applied 
for  by  the  T.C.  for  the  necessary  mains  and  plant. 

Huddersfield.— The  local  Chamber  of  Ti-ade  has  written 

to  the  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  calling  attention  to  the 
Chamber's  previous  resolution  protesting  against  the  profits  of  the 
Eleotrloitv  Department  goin^r  to  the  relief  of  the  rates.  It  con- 
t»tM<  tnM  \3aM  cAiairgiB  tax  X(^\i:i^  porpoBe's  ebould  be  reduced. 


Kearsley, — The  U.D.C.  has  asked  the  Lancashire  Power 

Co.  upon  what  terms  it  would  be  prepared  to  supply  electricity  for 
the  lighting  of  Kearsley  Hall  Road  and  Slackey  Brow,  in  substitu- 
tion for  the  present  oil  lamps. 

King's  Lynn. — At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  T.C,  the 
engineer  submitted  an  alternative  scheme  for  extensions  to  the 
electricity  works,  embodying  the  conversion  of  the  gas  engines  into 
oil  engines  to  be  used  as  a  standby  :  the  extension  of  the  buildinf; 
for  additional  boilers,  and  the  provision  of  a  boiler  and  economiser, 
and  necessary  pipes,  ice,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £2,000.  The  engi- 
neer's proposals  were  adopted,  and  tenders  are  to  be  obtained  for 
carrying  out  the  work. 

Leitb. — The  Dock  Oommissioners  have  approved  of  the 
electrification  of  the  pumping  machinery  at  Alexandra  Dry  Dock, 
at  a  cost  of  £1,797. 

Leylmrn. — Two  applications  for  permission  to  supply 

current  by  means  of  overhead  lines  at  Leyburn  have  been  made  to 
the  R  D.C.  ;  one  by  the  Leyburn  Mutual  Gas  Co.,  and  the  other  by 
a  private  company  being  formed  by  Mr.  Peter  D  >bson.  The  Council 
on  Friday  last,  decided  to  ask  each  of  the  applicants  for  plans 
showing  where  the  proposed  overhead  lines  are  to  be  erected. 

London. — Woolwich.  —  The     Electricity    Committee 

reports  regarding  negotiations  with  the  Erith  U.D.C,  with  a  view 
to  givine  the  latter  a  supply  of  energy  in  bulk,  that  it  has  decided 
to  consult  Mr.  J.  F.  C.  Snell  in  the  matter  and  report  further.  The 
Committee  has  also  decided  to  purchase  oil  switches  in  connection 
with  the  centralisation  of  the  switchboards,  which  is  to  be  carried 
out  by  direct  labour,  and  the  eleotrioal  engineer  has  been  authorited 
to  accept  quotations  for  all  other  apparatus  that  may  be  necessary 
to  complete  the  work.  The  L.C.C.  has  sanctioned  the  borrowing  of 
£19,000  on  account  of  the  Council's  application  for  £40,000  for  the 
extension  of  the  electricity  undertaking  at  the  Globe  Lane  Works, 
on  the  condition  that  the  period  of  three  years,  proposed  for  the 
repayment  of  the  outstanding  debt  of  £9,228  on  obsolete  plant, 
should  not  commence  to  run  until  the  extension  scheme  is  com- 
pleted. Further  application  is  to  be  made  to  the  L.C.C  for  sanction 
to  the  borrowing  of  the  following  amounts  in  connection  with  the 
undertaking:  General  mains  extensions,  £1,500,  repayable  in  25 
years  ;  meters,  £630.  repayable  in  10  years  ;  services,  £1,100,  repay- 
able in  12  years  ;  and  hire-purchase,  £2,000,  repayable  in  10  jears. 

Stepney. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  decided  to  reduce  the 
price  of  current  to  consumers  whose  total  accounts  for  electriciiy 
supplied  do  not  exceed  £H0  per  half-year,  from  8d.  to  7d.  per  unit 
for  the  first  30  hours'  u^e  of  the  maximum  demand  during  each  of 
the  six  months  ending  March,  and  for  the  first  20  hours  during  each 
of  the  six  months  ending  September,  and  Id.  per  unit  for  all  further 
consumption  in  each  month.  Representatives  have  been  appointed 
to  take  part  in  the  conference  for  the  linking  up  of  undertakings  in 
East  Lonf'on  in  the  manner  adopted  by  Poplar  and  Stepney. 

FoLHAii. — An  expenditure  of  £40  has  been-  authorised  for  the 
purchase  of  a  stock  of  electric  irons,  kettles,  toasters,  &c.,  to  be  left 
on  tr  al  with  consumers. 

Manchester. — The  fog  last  Friday  was  responsible  for 
a  record  output  from  the  electricity  stations.  For  the  24  hours 
ended  Friday  night  the  output  was  563  092  units,  compared  with 
the  highest  previous  record  of  550,420  units  on  December  10th, 
1912. 

Lowestoft.  —  The  T.C.  has  referred  back  for  further 
consideration  a  recommendation  by  the  Electric  Lighting  Com- 
mittee, that  to  meet  the  increased  cost  of  materials  and  coal,  and 
the  decreased  consumption  of  current  by  metallic-filament  lamps, 
the  charge  for  current  for  lighting  be  increased  from  4Jd.  to  5d. 
per  unit,  with  5  per  cent,  discount  for  payment  of  accounts  within 
a  month. 

Newport  (L  of  W.).— The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender 
of  the  Isle  of  Wight  Electrio  Lighting  Co.,  for  public  lighting  for 
five  years,  at  an  annual  cost  of  £390.  The  arc  lamps  are  to  be 
replaced  with  four-light  lanterns. 

Oldham. — The  new  mill  to  be  erected  by  the  Belgrave 
Mill  Co.,  Ltd.,  is  to  be  driven  by  electric  power  supplied  by  the 
Oldham  Corporation. 

Paisley. — The  electrical  engineer  has  reported  that  it  is 

desirable  that  the  sub-stations  in  connection  with  the  works  should 
be  enlarged,  and  that  additional  transformers  up  to  200-KW. 
capacity  be  installed. 

In  connection  with  the  electrical  supply  to  the  new  works  of  the 
Seedhill  Finishing  Co.,  it  is  learned  that  the  offer  of  the  General 
Electric  Co.  for  the  necessary  transformers  and  switchboards  has 
been  accepted.  ,. 

Raddiffe. — A    new    weaving  shed    belonging    to    the 
Co-operative  Wholesale  Society  of  Manchester  has  just  been  started.  J 
There  are  500  Northrop  automatic  looms  and  some  50  circnlar-box  • 
looms,  each  having  its  own  motor  attached. 

The  U  D.C.  has  applied  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  an  order  to  permit  it 
to  supply  current  to  mills  at  Ainswortb,  in  the  area  of  the  Bury 
R.D.C. 

Salford. — In  a  report  in  regard  to  the  electricity 
undertaking,  the  supply  of  electricity  in  bulk,  and  the  installation 
of  rotary  converter  plant,  the  Electricity  Committee  informed  the 
T.C.  last  week,  that,  having  reoommended  the  acceptance  of  the 
offer  of  the  Lancashire  PoVe'r  C^o.  for  ruppHy  in  bnik,  it  would  b« 


Vol.73.    No.  l,831.,FicnnuAiiY21,  19i;(.l    THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


207 


iteooHxary  to  advortiHO  for  toiuleri)  for  trftiinforniorM  iiiid  rotary 
ooiivortorg  at  once.  The  coHtof  the  nmchiiicry  iiiitl  emotion  wouli) 
b«  Bs  foUowH  —Throe  rotary  convorlorH  and  truiiMforincrH,  £h,00i)  , 
bigh'tenHion  Hwilohi^oar,  £2,UU0  ;  cable  coniuiutionH  and  work  in 
oonuoction  with  InHtallinK,  £2,000.  The  Coniniittcc  recommended 
that  Hitnction  Hhould  be  Houi;ht  for  borrowing  powern  'I'he  report 
waH  adopted. 

'I'ho  terniH  iindor  whioh  the  Electricity  (Jomniittee  ban  agreed  to 
jnirohaHO  oncrtry  from  tlie  Power  Co.,  are  for  a  one  year'H  Bupply, 
£6  per  K\v.  (if  maximum  demand,  pluH  id.  per  KW.-honr  ;  for  two 
or  more  yearn'  supply,  £1!  per  K\v.  of  maximum  demand  for  the 
fifBt  1,000  KW.,  and  £'J  per  kw.  for  additional  demand  up  to 
3,000  KW.,  pluH  Id.  per  KW.-hour.  The  Oorporation  rc(iuireB  a 
minimum  of  1,000  kw.,  an  additional  1,000  kw.  on  15  minutes 
notice,  and  may  want  another  1,000  kw.  on  a  month'H  notice. 
The  company  will  have  over  17,000  KW.  of  plant  installed  by  the 
autumn,  and  it  proposes  to  supply  three-phase  current  at  10,000 
volts,  50  periods,  over  duplicate  2,500-Kvv.  cables  to  a  meter  house 
on  the  boroujrh  boundary,  from  which  place  the  Salford  authorities 
will  deal  with  it.  A  lengthy  Council  disou.ssion  took  place  on  the 
proposal  on  February  12th,  at  which  Sir  William  Stevens  expressed 
the  opinion  that  the  Manchester  terms  (which  have  not  been 
disolosed)  would,  if  understood,  be  found  very  similar  to  those 
of  the  company. 

Shipston-on-StOiir, — The  K.  of  G.  has  entered  into  a 
fresh  agreement  with  Messrs.  Brown  &  Parsons,  of  Leamington,  for 
electric  light  at  the  workhouse.  The  firm  will  supply  91")  lamps 
with  current  for  five  years  at  an  annual  charge  of  £;!5,  and  under- 
takes to  keep  the  lamps  and  fittings  good  for  one  year.  It  will  lay 
the  supply  on  free,  and  will  be  paid  £58  for  wiring  work  and 
fixing  lamps. 

Silsden  (near  lieighley).— Hubject  to  the  ratepayers' 

approval,  the  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  allow  the  Airedale  Shed  Co.  to 
produce  and  sell  electrical  power  to  the  tenants  of  Airedale  Shed, 
a  proposed  new  shed  company,  and  any  other  firms  willing  to  rent 
IK) wer  from  the  company. 

South  Africa.— Our  Cape  Town  correspondent  sends 
some  particulars  of  an  extraordinary  occurrence  at  the  Durban 
power  station,  where  recently  an  escaped  monkey  made  its  way  on 
to  the  switchboard.  The  attendants  engaged  in  a  cautious  but 
fruitless  chase,  and  finally  left  the  monkey  to  settle  its  own  diffi- 
culties, which  it  did  suddenly  by  touching  some  live  switch 
terminals.  The  monkey  was  practically  burned  up,  but  fortunately 
the  supply  was  not  interfered  with. 

On  January  25th  a  faulty  and  condemned  h.t.  switch  was 
responsible  for  a  20  minutes'  stoppage  in  the  Johannesburg  elec- 
tricity supply  to  the  city  and  suburbs.  The  tramways  were 
unaffected. 

A  meeting  of  Wellington  (Cape  Province)  ratepayers  was  held  on 
January  24th  for  the  purpose  of  discussing  an  electric  lighting 
scheme.  Mr.  C.  G.Trevett,  electrical  engineer,  was  also  present,  and 
gave  an  elaborate  explanation  of  the  proposed  schemes,  one  using 
Diesel  oil  engines  being  estimated  to  cost  £9,376,  and  the  other  with 
suction  gas  engines,  £8,780.  It  was  estimated  that  the  annual 
working  costs  would  be  £2,410,  and  revenue  £2,834,  leaving  a  profit 
of  £424.     The  latter  scheme  was  approved  by  the  meeting. 

Swindon. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  have  the  ])iimpiiiii 
plant  at  Rodbourne  Sewage  Works  worked  by  electricity. 

Swinton,  —  The  Council  has  agreed  to  the  Salford 
Corporation  supplying  Messrs.  Bayley  &  Craven's  Printworks, 
Pendlebury,  with  electricity  for  power  and  lighting  for  a  period  of 
five  years,  subject  to  the  supply  being  turned  over  to  the  Council 
at  the  end  of  the  term  if  so  desired. 

The  question  of  an  extension  of  the  use  of  electricity  for 
street  lighting  and  the  improvement  of  the  lighting  of 
roads  on  the  South  Lancashire  Tramways  route  by  means 
of  metallic-filament  lamps  on  the  tramway  standards,  which 
has  been  receiving  the  attention  of  the  Highway  and  Lighting 
Committee  of  the  Swinton  and  Pendlebiiry  Council,  has  now  been 
referred  to  sub-committee. 

Troon  (Ayrshire). — The  T.C.  has  discussed  a  proposal 

to  introduce  a  system  of  electric  lighting  for  the  burgh.  In  view 
of  the  increasing  demands  made  upon  the  Corporation's  gasworks, 
it  is  probable  an  electric  lighting  scheme  will  be  adopted.  Mean- 
while, a  Committee  has  charge  of  the  matttr. 

T.vneiuouth. — The  electiical  engineer  has  been  instructed 
to  report  as  to  what  reduction  in  tariffs  it  will  be  possible  to  make, 
provided  not  more  than  £600  of  revenue  is  sacrificed.  A  scheme 
by  the  electrical  engineer  for  elfctrically  lighting  the  shids  on 
the  Fish  Quay  is  und  sr  consideration. 

Walsall. — The  Corporation  has  retained  the  services  of 
Mr.  E  M  Lacey,  consulting  engineer,  to  report  on  the  electricity 
undertaking  at  a  fee  of  200  guineas. 

1»hitworth    (near    Rorhdale).  — The    U.D.C.    has 

decided,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Tramway  Committee,  to 
apply  to  the  L.G.B.  for  formal  sanction  to  the  borrowing  of  £5,000 
by  the  Council  for  electrical  purposes. 

Woking. — As  the  local  Gas  Co.  has  erected  three  high- 
pressure  lamps,  each  of  1,500  C.P.,  and  is  maintaining  these  at  its 
own  cost,  the  Council  has  given  permission  to  the  Electric  Supply 
Co.  to  put  up  three  lamps  for  the  purpose  of  comparison. 


Worsley. — Tlie  LiincuHhire  Klectric  I'ower  Co.  has  inti- 
mated that  It  will  thiM  month  undertake  the  work  of  uxUindiog  tb* 
Hiipply  cables  for  iliu  lighting  of  the  diiitrict,  iind  will,  thi-reforr 
Mhortly  be  in  it  jxjnitioii  tii  Hupply  the  currrnt  for  the  liroak  Oik 
Park  extension.  Before  lliis  liiltcr  work  can  U;  procetidod  with 
however,  an  ini|iiiry  will  hare  to  \xr  held  by  the  L.O.B 

Wrevham. — Tiic  I!. !).<'.  Uuh  dciiifd  m  have  the  n.w 

uMloeH  lighted  by  electricity. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


.irifCUtina.  —  It  is  re[x)rted  from  Tucumun  that  work 
on  the  electric  tramway  from  that  city  to  '^uebrada  de  Lule«  will 
be  commenced  in  February. 

It  is  expected  that  the  first  section  of  the  electric  tramways  in 
the  city  of  Salta  will  be  opened  to  service  this  month. — Revifir  of 
thf  Itiirr   I'latc. 

Australia. — The  tramway  authorities  have  decided  to 
introduce  the  railleSB  electric  traction  system  in  to  Sydney.  Two  ronteH 
have  been  selected  for  trial  purposes,  and  negotiations  are  pro- 
ceeding with  the  agents  of  the  Brush  Co.  in  regard  to  the 
*|uipment|  kc. 

Ilarnsley, — A  considerable  scheme  for  linking  up  by 
railless  trolley  cars  the  mining  townships  of  South  Yorkshire,  is  in 
course  of  negotiation  between  the  Barnsley  Corporation,  neighbour- 
ing District  Councils  and  West  Riding  Tramway  undertakings. 
The  reason  for  the  scheme  seems  to  be  the  stubbornness  of  the  rail- 
way companies  in  refusing  to  give  satisfactory  facilities  for  the 
district,  and  the  places  affected  are  Barnsley,  Thurnscoe,  Bolton-on- 
Dearne.  Hoyland,  Birdwell,  Wombwell,  Darfield,  Cndwortb,  Grime- 
thorpe.  Smithies,  Carlton  and  Royston. 

BiDg:ley. — The  District  Council,  on  the  recommendation 
of  the  Finance  and  General  Purposes  Committee,  last  Monday 
approved  of  terms  of  agreement,  announced  some  weeks  ago,  with 
the  Bradford  Corporation  for  the  leasing  of  proposed  electric  tram- 
ways between  \ab  Wood  terminus  of  the  Bradford  routes  and 
King  ley. 

Bolivia.  —  A  law  has  been  passed  authorising  the 
Government  to  contract  with  the  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  of 
Cochabamba,  for  the  following  electric  railway  lines: — (1)  The 
extension  of  the  company's  existing  Vinto-Arani  line  to  Totora ; 

(2)  the  construction  of  a  line  from  Cochabamba  to   Sacaba  ;  and 

(3)  the  extension  of  the  Cochabamba-Vinto  line  to  Sipesipe. 

Bradford. — Owing  to  the  great  variafon  in  working 
hours,  and  the  consequent  difficulty  in  issuing  passes,  the  Corpora- 
tion Tramways  Committee  has  recommended  to  the  City  Council 
that,  in  lieu  of  the  present  system  of  allowing  school  children  and 
juvenile  workers  to  travel,  between  certain  specified  hours,  at  half- 
fares,  all  young  .persons  between  the  ages  of  five  and  sixteen  year« 
shall  travel  half-fares,  and  that  children  under  five  shall  travel  free 
as  before. 

Brig'htOH. — The  Watch  Committee  has  declined  to  license 
12  new  petrol  electric  buses,  belonging  to  a  private  firm,  to  ply  in 
the  borough. 

Bristol. — At  the  meeting  of  the  Council,  a  thoroughly 
representative  Committee  was  appointed  to  consider  the  desirability 
of  exercising  an  option  topurcha.se  the  tramway  undertaking  within 
the  city. 

Continental  Notes.— 1^1  ollaxu. — Plans  are  being  pre- 
pared in  respect  of  a  projected  electric  tramway  between  Arnheim 
and  Vepl,  and  also  for  a  proposed  line  between  Oosterbeek  and 
Arnheim. 

Rl's.-<ia. — A  preliminary  concession  has  been  granted  in  respect  of 
a  projected  electric  railway  between  Tiflis  and  Vladicancas. 

SwiTZKKLAND. — An  electric  railway  of  some  international 
importance  is  projected  from  Nyon  to  Morez  by  the  way  of  Arzier, 
Saint  Cergue  aod  La  Cure,  towards  the  cost  of  which  the  Grand 
Council  of  the  Canton  of  Vaud  has  just  voted  the  sum  of 
£33,304.  The  line  will  be  worked  on  the  overhead  trolley  system, 
and  will  be  40  km.  long,  but  by  a  junction  with  the  French  railway 
network  at  La  Cu.e  will  have  a  development  of  24,000  km  ,  serving 
a  large  and  populous  area  on  both  French  and  Swiss  territory. —  La 
Linnirrr  I'h  .-iriijiip. 

BuiMlee. — Ke])ortiug  on  the  proposed  extension  of  the 
railless  trolley  sjstcm  from  Clepington  R  )ad  to  Lochee.  Mr.  P. 
I'lther,  the  iramwiiy  managf  r.  said  he  did  not  think  the  installa- 
tion would  be  self-supporting  in  the  early  stages,  but  it 
certainly  would  act  as  a  feeder  to  existing  services,  and  on 
the  whole  it  would  not  be  a  serious  burden  to  the 
tramway  undertaking.  Regarding  a  proposal  to  call  upon 
the  tramways  department  to  contribute  towards  the  main- 
tenance of  the  road,  Mr.  Fisher  pointed  out  that  in  every  case 
where  Parliamentary  powers  had  been  applied  for  to  work  this 
form  of  traction  outside  the  boundaries  of  the  authorities  making 
the  application,  attempts  had  been  made  to  get  clauses  introduced 
for  *he  purpose  of  compelling  th^  promoters  to  contribute  towards 
the  maintenance  of  the  roads.     Parliamentary  ("ommiltees  in  every 


298 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.-   [Voi.  72.  No,  1,839,  febbuaby  si,  wis. 


I  aoti  refused  to  louk  upon  the  runninif  of  railleu  oars  of  the 
passensrer  type  as  extraordinary  traffic.  This  form  of  traction  did 
leas  damage  to  a  roadway  than  any  form  of  mechanical  traction 
where  the  prime  mover  was  carried  on  the  vehicle.  Mr.  JohnBton, 
convener  of  the  Tramways  Committee,  claimed  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Committee  that  the  railless  cars  had  proved  a  convenience  to  the 
public.  While  the  return  per  mile  was  not  very  hi!,'-h,  the  expenses 
were  not  great.  Another  member  held  that  the  experience  of  the 
past  four  months  had  shown  that  the  trackless  trolley  car  had 
come  to  stay.  The  extension  was  approved  of,  but  it  was  decided  to 
delay  it  until  the  question  of  road  maintenance  had  been  settled. 

The  tramway  manager  has  been  instructed  to  report  upon  the 
Craig  Pier  route,  it  being  alleged  that  there  is  an  annual  loss  on 
this  branch  of  about  £1,200. 

Cardiff. — Xotwitbstanding  the  fact  that  the  estimated 
expenses  of  the  tramways  department  show  an  increase  of  £3,16H 
over  last  year's  estimate,  chiefly  owing  to  the  rise  in  wages,  an 
increase  of  £7,17'>'is  anticipated  in  next  year's  income,  and  an 
estimated  surplus  of  £13,280,  as  against  an  estimated  surplus  of 
£'.1,268  in  1912-1:!,  and  an  actual  surplus  of  i;ll,218  in  li)ll-12. 

Dateli  East  Indies, — The  Samarang  .loana  Steam  Tiam 
Co.  is  making  arrangements  to  improve  its  system  of  tramways 
in  the  towTi  of  Samarang  by  electrifying  them.  Particulars  in 
regard  to  the  contracts  to  be  issued  for  carrying  out  the  work  have 
lieen  submitted  for  the  approval  of  the  communal  authorities.- - 
Hoard  of  Trade  Journal. 

Great  Varnioath, — The  T.O.  has  decided  to  double  tlie 

tramway  track  in  the  Market  Place,  at  Theatre  Plain,  and  through 
Regent  Road,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £8,750. 

Halifax. — The  receipts  in  connection  with  the  working 
of  the  Halifax  tramways  since  April  Ist  last,  the  commencement  of 
the  municipal  year,  have  shown  an  increase  on  those  of  the  pre- 
ceding year  of  £2,683,  though  thi;  period  has  only  been  one  of  317 
days,  as  against  319  days.  The  figures,  up  to  the  latest  report  for 
year,  are  £91,639,  as  against  £88,956. 

Ilfurd. — It  has  been  decided  to  abandon  the  idea  of 
extending  the  tramway  system,  and  of  running  railless  trolley 
vehicles,  in  favour  of  using  motor-buses.  The  question  of  re- 
moving the  centre  tramway  columns  in  the  High  Road  is  under 
consideration. 

London. — According  to  the  Evening  Standard,  a  Bill  is 
to  be  introduced  shortly  for  the  construction  of  underground  rail- 
ways for  the  conveyance  of  mails  and  parcels  in  London.  The 
original  scheme  was  outlined  in  these  columns  at  the  time  of  the 
Departmental  Committee's  report  on  the  matter.  It  contem- 
plates 6i  miles  of  7  ft.  6  in.  diameter  double  track  tube  to  be  electri- 
cally operated  and  automatically  controlled  ;  the  estimated  cost  is 
£530,000. 

Oldham, — A  proposal,  by  no  means  new,  lias  been  put 
forward  that  greater  use  might  be  made  of  the  tramways  for  the 
carriage  of  goods  during  the  night.  If  the  suggestion  could  be 
carried  out,  the  great  industrial  areas  round  Oldham,  Rochdale  and 
Manchester  could  be  linked  up,  and  goods  could  be  conveyed  to  the 
docks  of  the  Manchester  Ship  Canal.  It  is  claimed  that  by  this 
means  business  men  would  not  meet  with  the  fretiuent  and  long 
delays  now  suffered  in  the  carriage  of  goods  on  the  railways. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Tramways  Committee,  the  tramways 
manager,  referring  to  the  equipment  of  the  long  saloon  bogie  cars 
with  four  motors,  said  statistics  showed  that  with  four  motors  the 
car  consumed  2'40  units  per  mile,  and  with  the  new  equipment,  the 
40  HP.,  it  was  only  r46.  Taking  all  things  into  consideration,  he 
thought  it  would  pay  them  to  abandon  all  the  four  motor  equip- 
ments and  go  to  the  single  motor.  They  would  save  nearly  half 
the  current  consumption  for  a  start.  To  alter  the'  cars  to  the 
single  motor  would  cost  about  £245  per  car.  It  was  decided  that 
in  regard  to  six  of  the  saloon  cars  the  manager's  suggestion  should 
be  carried  out.  ' 

Salford. — The  Corporation  is  appealing  against  the 
assessment  of  its  tramways  within  the  Barton  Union,  and  litiga- 
tion is  pending  on  the  subject.  It  is  understood  that  the  difficulty 
is  upon  the  method  of  assessment. 

Soothport. — The  Council  has  decided  to  take  a  refer-, 
endum  vote  of  the  ratepayers  on  the  question  of  Sunday  running 
of  the  Corporation  cars  ;  the  local  company  s  cars  already  run  on 
>*Mnday. 

Tynemontb. — The  local  tramway  company  has  again 
approached  the  T.C.  to  reopen  the  question  of  providing  an  exten- 
sion to  Preston  :  the  Parliamentary  Committee  has  expressed  its 
willingness  to  consider  the  matter, 

l.'rug;4iay. — It  is  rei)orted  from  Monte  Video  that  con- 
st: nction  will  shortly  commence  on  the  electric  railway  from 
Monte  Video  to  Maldonado  and  Puente  del  Este.  There  will  be 
a  double  line,  and  it  fs  hoped  to  maintain  a  speed  of  about  100  km. 
an  hour.  The  line  will  be  built  at  a  distance  of  I  to  2  km.  from 
the  coast,  and  will  go  through  a  district  sutceptible  of  cultivation. 
It  will  pass  near  the  Piriapolis  seaside  establifhment.  The 
generating  station  is  to  be  at  Maldonado.  The  lin')  will  afterwards 
be  prolonged  to  La  Paloma  ard  Rocha. — Review  of  the  Hirer  Plate. 

^orsley. — The  South  J.,anca8hire  Tramways  Co.  has 
deposited  with  the  U.D.C.  a  plan  of  a  length  of  tramway  in  Man- 
chester Road  connecting  with  the  proposed  new  line  through  Little 
Hulton. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


.iustralia. —  The      Commonwealth     Government     has 

published  th<j  specifications  for  the  power  generating  plant  for  the 
wireless  station  to  be  erected  at  Darwin,  of  1,500  to  2,000  KW.,  to 
communicate  with  Singapore,  and  thus  to  connect  Australia  with 
the  Imperial  wireless  chain. 

The  new  cable  oi  the  Pacific  Cable  Board  between  Auckland  and 
Sydney  is  now  open  for  public  business. 

Canada. — The      Province    of     Manitoba    will    spend 

£205,000  on  extensions  to  the  Government  ^telephone  lines  this 
year. 

France. — It  is  intended  to  erect  a  wireless  station  at 
Bouin,  on  the  island  of  that  name,  lying  off  the  Department  of 
the  Vendee. — La  I.vmirre  Elect riqve. 

Glas9;o\i'. — The  T.C.'s  Special  Committee  (ui  Telephones, 
having  considered  the  question  of  junction  fees  between  exchanges 
in  the  city  telephone  district  and  suburban  telephone  districts,  has 
instructed  the  town  clerk  to  write  to  the  Postmaster-General  and 
urge  upon  him  the  desirability  of  having  these  fees  abolished  and 
of  having  the  city,  as  extended  by  the  Glasgow  Boundaries  Act  of 
1912,  embraced  within  one  telephone  district. 

Hall. — The  Corporation  Telephone  Committee,  after 
negotiations  with  the  Postmaster-General,  has  passed  a  resolution 
to  the  effect  that,  subject  to  terms  being  agreed  upon,  the  Corpora- 
tion is  prepared  to  purchase  from  the  Post  Office  the  plant 
acquired  by  the  latter  from  the  National  Telephone  Co.  in  its  area, 
and  to  apply  for  a  new  licence.  It  is  understood  that  the 
Postmaster- General  will  not  grant  a  new  licence  unless  this  is 
done.  The  price  to  be  paid  for  the  undertaking  is  that  which  the 
Government  paid  to  the  company,  with  allowance  for  depreciation 

Imperial  Wireless  System. — In  reply  to  Major  Archer 

Shee  in  the  Houfc  of  Commons,  the  Postmaster-General  stated  that 
the  Scientific  Committee  had  informed  him  that  after  consideration  of 
the  statements  of  representatives  of  firms  who  had  been  invited  to 
give  evidence  as  to  the  capabilities  of  their  systems  of  long-distance 
wireless  telegraphy,  it  had  decided  to  treat  the  evidence  as  con- 
fidential. 

The  second  interim  report  of  the  Select  Committee  on  the  Marconi 
contract  was  to  the  effect  that  the  Committee  had  not  had  time  to 
complete  the  inquiry,  and  recommended  that  a  committee  should 
be  re-appointed  next  setsion.  At  the  last  sitting,  on  Wednesday 
last  week,  IMr.  Oliver  was  again  examined  with  regard  to  the  sources 
of  the  rumours  which  he  had  heard,  connecting  members  of  the 
Government  with  dealings  in  Marconi  shares.  The  witnets  said  he 
could  not  recollect  the  names  of  any  of  the  persons  who  gave  him 
the  information.  He  could  not  name  any  person  who,  to  his 
knowledge,  had  benefited  to  a  considerable  extent  by  Marconi  shares. 
Mr.  L.  J.  Maxse,  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  A'utional  Reriev, 
was  then  called,  and  stated  that  when  his  attention  was  called  to 
the  matter  in  July,  1912,  and  he  began  to  make  inquiries, 
everything  he  heard  went  to  show  that  there  was  something 
curious  about  it.  The  gambling  in  the  shares  of  the  company 
indicated  leakage  from  somewhere,  and  the  evasive  replies  of 
Ministers  to  questions  in  the  House  of  Commons  added  to  the 
mystery.  Hundreds  of  thousands,  perhaps  millions,  of  pounds 
changed  hands,  to  the  immense  advantage  of  those  who  were  "  in 
the  know."  The  Postmaster-General  could  have  stopped  it  if  he 
had  frankly  stated  the  facts.  There  was  nothing  to  explain  the 
action  of  the  Post  Office  in  surrendering  to  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs. 
Ministers  were  primarily  responsible  for  any  suspicions  that  had 
been  rife.  Mr.  Isaacs  should  not  have  taken  part  in  the  negotia- 
tioRS  while  his  brother  was  Attorney-General.  The  rumours  about 
particular  Ministers  (not  the  Postmaster-General)  were  persistent, 
and  the  public  were  uneasy  about  the  matter.  Several  people,  some  of 
whom  were  Members  of  Parliament,  had  called  the  witness's  atten- 
tion to  the  subjfct.  He  was  willing  to  state  the  purport  of  their 
communications,  but  he  refused  to  elivulge  their  names,  as  to  do  so 
would  be  a  breach  of  confidence.  The  infc  rmation  he  had  re<»ived 
showed  that  there  was  strong  ground  for  suspicion  that  Ministers 
had  been  gambling  in  Marconi  shares  :  but  he  had  no  actual 
evidence. 

The  Committee,  after  long  consideration  and  discussion,  decided 
to  report  the  witness  to  the  House  of  Commons.  This  was  done, 
but  in  view  of  the  late  stage  of  the  session  the  (Government  decided 
to  lake  no  immediate  action  in  the  matter. 

The  Postmaster-General  has  again  recused  the  Marconi  Co.'s 
application  for  release  from  the  contract. 

The    Sounder    in    Snbniarine    Telegraphy. — It    is 

announced  in  the  annual  report  of  the  Commercial  Cable  Co.  that 
Mr.  John  Gott,  their  chief  engineer,  has  invented  a  device  which 
enables  the  ordinary  Morse  signals  to  be  sent  over  long  submarine 
cables  with  the  ordinary  landline  key  and  received  on  the  Morse 
sounder,  the  invention  thus  constituting  an  immense  advance  on 
present  conditions.  The  company  has  acquired  the  rights  to  manu- 
facture the  device,  which  is  patented  in  all  countries. 

It  is  reported  that  the  essence  of  Mr.  Gott's  system  is  the  use  of 
successive  currents  of  alternate  polarity  in  transmitting  the  signals, 
the  four  dots  in  the  letter  II,  for  example,  being  produced  by  two 
positive  and  two  negative  currents  acting  alternately  ;  the  dis- 
charge from  the  cable  is  used  for  effecting  the  reversal  of  the 
current  after  each  signal,  and  the  apparatus  required  is  inexpensive. 


Vol.72.   No.  1,839,  fkbuuauy  21,  loia.j  TllE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


•im 


MfMafrea  have  already  been  tranRmittod  from  London  to  New 
York  on  the  now  nyntcm,  and  the  uhc  of  automatic  repeatinfc  relay* 
rendered  poHHible  by  the  adoption  of  the  new  syhtem  has  greatly 
incrcaaed  the  speed  of  tranHmiHsion,  whilst  eliminating  errors  due 
to  manual  re|ictition. 

The  Telephone  on   Board    Ship.— The    three    great 

liners  of  about  riO.OOO  tonn  each,  which  have  V)eon  ordered  by  the 
Ilaraburfr-Amorica  line,  are  Koinjf  to  be  fitted  out  with  telephone 
exchanges  of  the  most  modern  type,  to  which  each  cabin  will  be 
connected.  The  order  for  the  installation  has  been  (jiven  to  Messrs. 
Siemens  vV  Ilalskc,  of  Berlin. 

Tnans-Pacific  Wireless. — The  Electrical   World  states 

that  the  Marconi  Wireless  Teleprraph  Co.  has  placed  contracts  with 
the  J.  G.  White  Enpineerinir  Corporation,  of  New  York,  for  the 
erection  of  eipht  wireless  stations,  two  pairs  for  Atlantic  and  two 
pairs  for  Pacific  service.  Receivinp;  and  sendinp  stations,  30  miles 
apart,  will  be  erected  at  Oahu,  in  the  Sandwich  Islands  ;  Tamales 
Bay  and  Bolinas,  California,  near  Behnar,  N.J.  ;  and  in  eastern 
Massachusetts.  These  stations  will  form  part  of  a  (jlobe-srirdlinpr 
system,  which  will  continue  to  the  East  by  way  of  Japan,  and 
thence  ultimately  to  India.  Twelve  towers,  400-450  ft.  high,  will 
be  spread  out  over  a  semi-circle  covering  a  square  mile  at  each 
station,  and  it  is  estimated  that  the  range  of  each  station  will  be 
from  4,000  to  6,000  miles. 

Lnited  States. — The  fast  scout  cruiser  Salem  has  been 

ordered  on  a  voyage  across  the  Atlantic  to  test  the  transmitting 
capacity  of  the  United  Statps  Government's  new  wireless  telegraph 
station  at  Fort  Mycr,  near  Washington,  D.C.  Continuous  tests  are 
to  be  made  throughout  a  radius  up  to  4,000  miles,  although  it 
is  expected  that  even  this  range  will  be  exceeded.  Eventually  it 
is  hoped  that  this  powerful  new  station  will  be  able  to  communicate 
with  any  ship  of  the  United  States  Navy,  using  intermediate 
vessels  as  relays  for  distances  above  3,000  miles — Electrical  World. 
The  Electrical  World  states  that  the  Telefunken  station  at  Say- 
ville.  Long  Island,  N.Y.,  is  in  daily  communication  with  ships  on 
the  Atlantic,  and .  South  American  ports,  having  a  range  up  to 
5,800  km.  The  longest  distances  are  covered  -with  a  S5-KW.  plant, 
using  a  wave-length  of  2,800  m.  ;  for  the  shorter  distances  a  5-KW. 
plant  with  a  wave-length  of  GOO  m.  is  used. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Aberdare. — March  3rd.  Service  materials,  for  the  U.D.C. 

electricity  department.    See  "Official  Notices"  February  14th. 

Aberainan. — March  lOth.  Electrical  goods,  for  the 
directors  of  the  Powell  Duffryn  Steam  Coal  Co.,  Ltd.  Stores 
Manager,  Aberaman,  near  Aberdare. 

Arirentina, — April  15th.  Tenders  will  be  received  at  the 
Direcci6n  General  de  Minas,  Geolgla  e  Hidrologfa,  Buenos  Ayres,  for 
the  supply  of  motors,  cables,  dynamos  and  kindred  material  required 
for  the  generation  of  motive  power. — Board  of  Trade  Jounal. 

Australia.  —  Western  Australia.  —  February    27th. 

Buildings  and  boiler-house  equipment,  turbo-alternators  and  rotary 
converters,  for  a  Government  power  station  at  Perth.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  January  24th. 

Sydney. — March  17th.    Motors  for  the  City  Corporation. 

South  Acstealia.— March  5th.  One  section  of  a  common- 
battery  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  January  31st. 

OoMMOKWEALTH  GOVERNMENT. — Darwin  power  station,  about 
2,000  KW.  Equipment  to  comprise  Diesel  oil  engines  and  accessories 
and  overhead  travelling  crane,  alternators  and  exciters,  and  switch- 
board. 

New  South  Wales  Government  Railways.— March  5th. 
Twelve  single-phase  transformers,  and  one  12J-KW.  generator. 
Specifications  388  and  389  (23.  fid.  each)  from  Electrical  Engineer's 
Office,  61,  Sydney. 

Barrow-in-Furness. — March  3rd.     Electrical  stores  for 

a  year,  for  the  T.C.     Borough  Electrical  Engineer. 

Bedwas. — March  5th.  Electrical  goods  for  a  year,  for 
the  Bedwas  Navigation  Colliery  Co.,  Ltd.  (Form  4).    The  Secretary. 

Belfast. — February  24th.  Stores  and  materials  for  one 
or  three  years,  for  the  City  electricity  department.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  January  31st. 

Birn)inp:bani. — March  Ist.  Electrical  stores  for  a  year," 
for  the  Birmingham,  Tame  and  Ilea  District  Drainage  Board.  Mr, 
John  D.  Watson,  engineer,  Tyburn. 

Bolton. — February  2-lrth.  Materials  and  stores,  for  the 
Corporation  Tramways  Department.  See  "  Official  Notices  "  Feb- 
ruary 7th. 

Bulgaria,— Sofia. — March   3rd.      Tenders  are  invited 

for  100,000  insulators  and  100,000  kg.  galvanised  iron  wire.  Par-- 
ticulars.  Post  and  Telegraph  Direction  Sofia,  Bulgaria. 


Colchester. — March  lOih.  Sundry  Atores  for  the  Cor 
poration  F;iectricity  Department  Mr.  W.  Frinby,  electrical  engln 
eer,  Oilwrnc  Street. 

Croydon. — March  3lHt.  StoreB  for  a  year,  for  the  Cor- 
poration Electricity  Department.     Hoe  "Official  Noti'x-n  '  t^j-day. 

February  21th.  -Sinking  artesian  well  and  supply  of  pomp,  for 
the  (Corporation  electricity  works.    See  "  Official  .Noticcn '   Feb.  Uth 

Dinas  (near  Forth). — Ucfuse  destructor  and  electrical 

generating   works,   Appletree,   for  the   Khondda   U.D.C.      Meaari. 
Robert  Hammond  Ac  .Son,  04,  Victoria  Street,  S.W. 

Bukinfield. — Electrical  work  refiuin-d  Viv  the  new 
Primitive  Methodist  School.  Dukinfiold  Messrs.  J.  H.  Burton  and 
J.  A.  Percival,  architects,  1.".oa,  Stamford  Street,  Ashton-under-Lyne. 

Dundee. — The  Corporation  Tramways  Committee  invites 
tenders  for  supply  of  stores  for  a  year.  Mr.  Peter  Fisher,  general 
manager. 

March  7th. — Two  water-tube  tioilerH,  A:c.,  mechanical  stoker-, 
economiser,  steel  bunkers  and  coal-handling  plant,  for  the  Corpora- 
tion electricity  department.    See  "Official  Notices     to-day. 

Edinburp;h. — The  ('orijoration  invites  (jfTers  for  works 
and  supplies,  including  upholding  house  telephone  and  electric  bell 
installations  at  City  Hospital,  electrical  material  for  interior  wiring 
and  jointing,  and  insulatinfr  material  for  electricity  supply  cablee. 
Resident  Electrical  Engineer,  Dewar  Place. 

Edmonton. — February  26th.  Electric  lamps  for  the 
B.  of  G.  Mr.  F.  Shelton,  clerk.  The  Grange,  White  Hart  Lane, 
Tottenham. 

Erith. — March  Gth.  Electrical  work  for  three  years,  under 
U.D.C.  assisted  wiring  scheme.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

G.C.R.— March  -1th.  The  Great  Central  Railway  Co.' 
are  inviting  tenders  for  stores  during  the  year  ending  April  30th. 
1914.  (15)  Electric  light  wires  and  cables  ;  (16)  electric  light  globes 
and  shades  ;  (17)  electric  light  carbons  ;  (18)  casing,  accessories  and 
lamps ;  (60)  telegraph  materials  Samples  may  be  seen,  np  to 
March  3rd,  at  the  Conservative  Club,  Gorton  Lane,  Gorton,  Man- 
chester, and  specifications  and  forma  of  tender  can  be  obtained 
from  Mr.  W.  Williams,  Stores  Superintendent,  Gorton,  Manchester. 
Applications,  stating  number  of  specification,  should  be  accom- 
panied by  an  addressed  foolscap  envelope,  properly  stamped. 

Germany. — February  28th.  The  Finance  Deputation 
of  Hamburg  is  inviting  tenders  for  the  supply  and  erection  of  a 
30-ton  electric  crane. 

March  10th.— The  lighting  and  water  supply  authorities  of 
Bremen  are  inviting  tenders  for  several  heavy-oil  engines  and 
dynamos  for  the  Hastedt  central  electric  lighting  station. 

Glasgow.— February  2t5th.  The  T.C.  invites  offers  for 
the  various  works  required  in  connection  with  the  erection  of  a 
dispensary  at  St.  Rollox.  Specifications,  &c.,  from  the  Town  Clerk, 
City  Chambers. 

Heston  and  Isleworth.— March  8th.  Stores  and 
materials  for  a  year,  for  the  U.D.C.  electricity  department.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Horusey. — February  2-ith.  Electricity  meters,  cables 
and  cable  stores,  for  the  T.C.     See  "  Official  Notices '  February  7th. 

Ilford, —  March  1st.  Council  Education  Committee. 
Tenders  for  the  electric  lighting  installation  at  the  South  Park 
School  extension.  Water  Lane,  Ilford.  Mr.  C.  J.  Dawson,  architect. 
11,  Cranbrook  Road,  Ilford. 

February  25th.— Stores  for  a  year,  for  the  U.D.C.  electricity 
department.   See  "Official  Notices"  February 7th. 

India. — March  1-ith.  Motors,  transformer  and  motor- 
generator,  for  the  B.B.  and  C.I.  Railway.  See  "Official  Notices  ' 
to-day. 

March  4th,— Starting  and  controlling  pillars,  for  the  Bombay, 
Baroda  and  Central  India  Railway.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

King's  Lynn. — March  1st.  Lancashire  boiler,  econo- 
miser and  pipework,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department. 
See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Liverpool.— February  24th.  Two  steam  engines  and 
dynamos  (50  KW.),  switchboard,  motors,  wiring  for  1,500  lamps, 
motors,  &c.,  in  connection  with  the  electric  light  and  power 
installation  at  the  Toxteth  Union  Workhouse  and  Infirmary, 
Smithdown  Road.  Mr.  T.  L.  Miller,  consulting  engineer.  709, 
Tower  Buildings,  Liverpool. 

London.— L.C.C.— February  25th.  Electric  wiring  of 
the  Camberwell  and  Cressy  Road  car-sheds.  See  "Official  Notices  " 
January  3l8t. 

February  25th.— Three  ],o00-KW.  rotary  converters,  nine  trans- 
formers for  rotary  converters,  and  two  starting  transformers.  See 
"Official  Notices"  February  Uth. 

February  26th.— Electrical  installation  at  Leipeic  Road  Ele- 
mentary School.  Camberwell,  S,E.    See  'Official  Notices  "  Feb.  14th. 


300 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.  [Voi.72.  no.  1,839,  febkdaey  21, 1913. 


March  4th. — Two  SOOO-KW.  tnrbo-penerators,  with  condensing 
plant,  &c.  (extent" ion  of  time).     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

March  Sth. — Electrical  inetallation  at  the  Curtain  Road  Elemen- 
tary School.    See  "  Official  Notices "'  to-day. 

St.  Pancra6. — March  4th.  Arc  lamp  carbons,  for  the  B.C.  See 
"  Official  Notices"  February  7th. 

Marylehone.— February  2tith.  Stores  and  materials  for  a  year, 
for  the  B.C.  Electricity  Department.  See  "Official  Notices'"  Feb- 
ruary 7th. 

Shoreditch. — February  24th.  Two  econcniisers  (Green  type), 
for  the  B.C.  electricity  department.  See  "  Official  Notices"  Feb- 
ruary nth. 

Stevnev. — March  irth.  Boilers  and  boiler  house  accessories, 
turbo-alternators,  condensers,  accessories  and  switchgear,  for  the 
B.C.     See  "Official  Notices"  February  14th. 

.Manchester. — Corporation. 

J.  M.  McElroy,  manager. 


Steel  girder  tramway  rails. 


.\eatli. — ^larcb  3rd.  One  400-KW.  high-speed  engine, 
direct-coupled  to  a  two-phase  alternator,  and  accessories,  for  the 
R.D.C.     See  "Official  Notices"  February  14th, 

Xewport  (non.). — March  4th.  Electric  light  fittings 
for  the  B.  of  G.     Mr.  A.  H.  Rees,  Clerk,  Queen's  Hill. 

February  22nd.-  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the  Corporation  Elec- 
tricity and  Tramways  Committee.    See  "Official  Notices"  Feb.  14th. 

Pontypridd, — March  5th.  Stores  and  materials  for  the 
U.D.C.  electric  light  and  tramways  department.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

Swindon. — March  ><Lh.  General  stores  and  materials  for 
a  year,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  and  tramways  departmtiUs. 
See  "Official  Notices"  February  IJth. 

March  10th. — One  500-K\v.  mixed-pressure  turbine  and  con- 
densing plant,  boiler  feed  pump  and  pi])ewoTk,  and  one  switchboard 
panel  and  cables,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  Official  Notices '.' 
February  14th. 

Suinton  and  l*eudlebury. — March  lOth.    One  25-k\\. 

transformer  and  switchboard,  main  along  Chatsworth  Road,  and 
annual  supply  of  materials,  for  the  U.D.C.  Electricity  Department. 
See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

llrngnay. — March  29th.  Five  electric  gantry  cranes 
for  Customs  warehouses  at  Monte  Video.  B.  of  T.  C.I.  Depart- 
ment in  London. 

Wallasey. — March  15th.  Fuel  oil  (400  tons)  for  a  year, 
for  the  Corporation  electricity  department.  Mr.  J.  A.  Crowther, 
electrical  engineer,  Seaview  Road,  Liscard. 

Waltliamstow. — February  28th,  Four  double-deck 
tramcars  complete  with  magnetic- brake  equipments,  for  the  U.D.C. 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  February  7th, 

Warlini^Iiam. — February  24th.  Electric  light  sundries 
for  the  Mental  Hoppital,  for  Croydon  T.C.,  for  a  year.  Mr.  F.  C. 
Lloyd,  Town  Clerk,  Town  Hall,  Croydon. 

Warrin^on. — March  Sth.  Motors  and  transformers 
for  a  year,  for  the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices"  Feb.  Hth, 

Wi^an. — February  24th.  High-tension  three-core  feeder 
cable,  transformer  and  sxitchgear,  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"  Official  Notices"  February  Hth. 

Wimbledon. — March  5th.  Stores  and  materials,  for  a 
year,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department,  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  February  14th. 

Wrexham, — ilarch  1st.  stores  for  a  year,  for  the 
Borough  Electrical  Engineer's  department.  See  "  Official  Notices  " 
February  14th. 

lork, — March  10th.  One  3,000-K\v.  turbo-alternator, 
with  condensing  plant,  pipework  and  switchboard,  water-tube 
Iwilers  with  chain-grate  stokers,  &c.,  storage  battery  and  h.t.  cables, 
for  the  Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 


CLOSED. 


Aberdeen, — The  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  has 

accepted  the  offers  of  the  Oerlikon  Co.  and  Messrs.  Bruce  Peebles 
and  Co.,  for  additional  generating  plant.  The  cost  of  the  new  plant 
is  £11,000. 

Itberton, — The  Electricity  Committee  of  the  U.D.C.  ha« 
accepted  the  tenders  of  the  W.  Rose  Hose  Co.,  Ltd,,  and  Messrs. 
F.  R«ddaway  k  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  new  fire  hose. 


Austria, — The  adjudication  on  the  tenders  for  glow 
lamps  for  the  North,  South,  State  and  other  Austrian  railways  for 
the  current  year  has  resulted  again  in  favour  of  the  latest  pattern 
of  the  Westinghouse  tungsten-wire  lamp 

Uarnsley. — For  the  Corporation  electricity  station  Messrs. 
E.  Bennis  &  Co.  have  received  an  order  for  two  of  their  stokers  and 
self-cleaning  compressed-air  furnaces. 

Bolton. — The  contract  for  an  electric  light  installation 
at  shop  premises  at  134,  St.  George's  Road,  is  being  carried  out  by 
the  Charleson  Accumulator  Co.,  of  Bolton. 

The  Cor]>oration  electricity  department  has  ordered  a  "Bennis" 
ash  elevator  and  bunker. 

Uewsbury. — The  T.O.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 

Bab;ock  &  Wilcox,  Ltd.,  for  new  boilers  for  the  electric  light  works, 
at  £1,782. 

Ealing. — The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Ferrunli,  Ltd.,  at  £1,978,  for  a  new  generator  switchboard. 

France, — There  has  just  been  placed  with  Messrs.  E. 
Bennis  A:  Co.,  L'.d.,  by  the  Mines  de  Dourges  electric  station,  a  contract 
for  Ifi  "Bennis"  high-duty  coking  stokers  and  self-cleaning  com- 
pressed-air furnaces.  This  is  a  second  repeat  order,  the  machines 
having  given  every  satisfaction  in  dealing  with  low-grade  coal 
abroad. 

Glasgow, — The  Electricity  Committee  had  divisions  in 
connection  with  the  placing  of  the  contracts  for  the  supply  of 
boilers  for  Port  Dundas  and  St.  Andrew's  Cross  stations.  In  the 
former  case  it  was  proposed  that  the  offer  of  Messrs.  Howden  iV  Co.. 
Ltd.,  for  four  water-tube  boilers,  at  £13,120,  be  accepted,  while  the 
amendment  was  that  the  offer  by  Messrs.  Babcock  it  Wilcox,  Ltd.. 
amounting  to  £13,748,  be  agreed  to.  A  second  amendment  pro- 
posed to  give  two  boilers  each  to  the  competing  firms.  On  a  vote, 
it  was  decided  by  a  clear  majority  to  accept  Messrs.  Babcock  and 
Wilcox's  offer.  So  far  as  the  St.  Andrew's  Cross  offers  were  con- 
cerned, the  proposal  was  the  acceptance  of  Messrs.  Babcock  and 
Wilcox's  offer  to  supply  four  small  boilers,  at  £7,158,  while  the 
amendment  was  that  Messrs.  Babcock  k  Wilcox's  offer  and  that  of 
Messrs.  Howden — the  latter  amounting  in  toto  to  £6,910 — be 
accepted  for  two  boilers  each.    The  proposal  was  adopted. 

At  its  last  meeting,  the  T.C.  remitted  baok  to  the  Electricity 
Committee  the  proposals  in  connection  with  the  placing  of  con- 
tracts for  two  turbo-generators  and  condensing  plant,  and  a  report 
by  the  engineer  (Mr,  W.  W.  Lackie)  has  been  considered  by  the 
Committee.  The  original  recommendation,  as  published  in  the 
Review,  was  that  an  offer  by  Messrs.  Willans  ^:  Robinson,  Ltd.,  for 
one  set  of  Curtis-Parsons  turbo-aHemators  and  condensing  plant, 
amounting  to  £10,064,  and  an  offer  by  the  British  Westinghouse 
Electric  and  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  one  set  of  Curtis  Rateau 
turbo-alternators  and  condensing  plant,  amounting  to  £16,721,  be 
accepted.  The  engineer  gave  an  exhaustive  opinion,  based  on 
experience,  in  which  he  reviewed  all  the  tenders  submitted.  It 
having  been  decided  in  committee  to  proceed  with  the  selection  of 
the  offers,  it  was  proposed  that  the  offer  made  by  (a)  the  British 
W^estinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  one  set  of 
Curtis-Rateau  turbo-alternators  and  condensing  plant,  amounting 
to  £16,721,  and  (*)  Messrs.  Howden  &  Co.  for  one  set  of  Rateau- 
Zoelly  turbo-alternators  and  condensing  plant,  amounting  to 
£17,793,  be  accepted.  The  amendment,  that  the  former  recom- 
mendation be  reaffirmed,  was  carried  by  IT,  votes  to  6. 

It  is  recommended  by  the  T.C.'s  Committee  on  Tramways  that 
the  following  contracts  be  accepted  : — 

Steel  plates  for  mnnboles  —'William  Baird  H  Bon. 

Section  pillar  castings.— Walter  Macfarlane  &  Co. 

P.B.  flanged  lanipholders.— Edison  &  Swan  United  F.'ectric  Light  Co.,  Ltd. 

Insulated  stud  bolts.— W.  C.  Yuille  &  Co. 

(liovernment  Contracts. — The  following  tenders  have 

been  accepted  during  the  past  month  by  the  Government  depart- 
ments named  :— 

Admiralty  :    Contract  Department. 

Incandescent  lamps.— General  Electric  Co.,  I^td. ;  Kdi^on  &  Swan  I'nitel 
Electric  Ligbt  Co.,  Ltd. 

Switches  and  sockets,  &c.— British  Insulated  and  Belsby  Cables,  Ltd.; 
Callender's  Cable  and  Cunstruction  (Jo.,  Ltd  ;  Edison  &  Swan  United 
Electric  Light  Co.,  Ltd.;  India-Rubber,  Gutta-Percha  and  leleu-aph 
Works  Co.,  Ltd.;  Uawkers,  Ltd.;  Mc^eocb  &  Co.,  Ltd. ;  Player  and 
Mitchell;  Walsall  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.;  Westminster  Engineering 
Co..  Ltd. 

War  Office, 

Rewinding  generators.— British  Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing 
Co  ,  Ltd. 

India    Office  :    Btobzs   Department, 

Batteries,— Tudor  Accumulator  Co. 

Dynamos. — J.  Stone  &  Co. 

Engines.— Lancashire  Dynamo  and  Motor  Co. 

Insulators. — Bullers,  Ltd. 

Lamps,— J,  Bioue  &  Co. 

Switchboards.- Eoks  eln,  Heap  ft  Co. 

Wireless  telegraph  apparatus.— Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co, 

OrFioc   OF  Workh. 
Oarboni  for  arc  lamps.- Oenaral  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 


Vol.72,    No.  i,h:...m.'khk,.auv^i,  I'.MH.:    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


mi 


Ukneral    Poht  OnrioK. 

Protootivo  appitintiiH  and   tolephonto  apparalun.— BritUh  Ii,  M.  Kriouon 

ManiifpoturlriK  Co.,  liU\. 
Tolcphonlo  appiiratii*  — W^Ktorn  IHlcctrlo  Co..  Ll<l. 
Tok'Krupli  oalili. -Britlih  Insiilntcil  and  UrNhy  Cal)'n«,  Ltd. 
Tclcptionc  oablo.-  BritUli  Inmilalcil  xnd  HiNbv  CahlBii,  Ltd. ;  rallandofn 

Cable  and  Conatriiotlon  Co.,  Ltd. ;   .1.  C.  Ku'li-r  &  Son.  L*d.  j   W    T. 

n«nloy'B    TclflRraph    Worku    Co,    Ltd.;     John"on    &    Phllllpii.    F.til. ; 

Linilon  Klo'-t'io  Wirp  Co.  and  finil'hs,  f.td.  ;    Pcrl.Connoi  .Telpplionc 

Works.  I,td. ;  HiomonH  Bron.  A  Co  ,  I,td. ;  Wflatorn  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
Stonowaioducts— Albion  Clay  Co.,  Ltd. ;  Doulton  \  Co.,  Ltd. 
Tclpuraph  Ironwork  -Riillov",  Ltd.;     Qinut,   Kcon   &  Nottlefoldii,    Ltd.; 

Walls,  Ltd. ;  D.  Willetla   Ltd. 
Bronzo   wirn      T.  Bolton  and   Hook,  Ltd.  ;    British  InRnlated  and  Hclsby 

Cablen,  Ltd. ;   8hrop»liirn  Iron  Co..  Ltd. ;  F.  Smith  &  Co.  (incorporated 

in  the  London  Electric  Wire  Co.  and  Smiths,  Ltd.). 
F'laine-proot  wire.— 0.  Macintosh  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Electrically  lighting  BirminKham  Stores,  Block  "  C."— Pinching  &  Walton, 
Electric  li'ts.— Wavorley  Statirn  8.O.,  Edinburgh.— Waygood  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
Telephone    exchange    equipment.   Regent    Exchange,    W. ,   and    Oaleton, 

N  B.— Western  Electric  Co.j  Ltd. 
Telephone  ExchanKo  equipment,  South  Shields  Post  OfJlcc.— Peel-Conner 

Te'ephonc  Works,  Ltd. 

Gravesend, — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Harrison,  Tidswell  &  Co.  for  1,000  tons  of  coal  for  the  electric  lijrht 
works,  at  IBs.  6cl.  per  ton. 

Hereford. — The  extension  to  the  electric  h'ghting  instal- 
lation in  the  County  Surveyor's  Department  at  the  Shire  Hall  is 
beincr  carried  out  on  the  Hpnley  H.W.S.  system  usinp  Holophane 
bowl  fittings,  by  Messrs.  Walker  &  Co. 

Heywood. — The  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee 
has  contracted  with  the  Tudor  Accumulator  Co.  for  repairs  to  the 
accumulators  (£80  to  £90). 

Ilford. — The  U.D.C.  has  placed  an  order  with  Messrs. 
Watlington  &  Co.  for  bracket  arms  for  the  Tramways  Department, 
at  Sfd.  per  foot. 

Ipswicb. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Snlzer  Bros,  for  a  Diesel  oil  engine  coupled  to  a  higi-lift  centri- 
fugal pump,  at  £2,370. 

Keiichley. — The  Keighley  and  Bingley  Joint  Hospital 
Board  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Mr.  H.  Spencer  for  electrical  work 
at  the  hospital. 

London.  —  Bermondsey.  —  The  Electricity  Committee 
reports  having  had  under  consideration  the  necessity  of  improving 
the  arc  lamp  lighting  of  the  borough,  and,  with  this  purpose  in 
view,  had  been  testing  all  the  best  known  makes  of  arc  lamps,  with 
the  result  that  the  following  tenders  have  now  been  received  : — 

Crompton  &  Co.,  Ltd.— (a)  170  arcs  erected  complete,  fo  that  same  are  in 
every  respect  ready  for  working,  ;£l,280  (slight  reduction  i(  existing  line 
resistance  is  used) ;  (!)i  five  spare  arcs,  £2^  lOs. ;  (c)  one  year's  supuly  of 
carbons,  £16  ISs.  per  1,000  pairs;  (d)  price  to  be  allowed  for  existing 
arc  lamps,  f  157. 

Engineering  and  Arc  Lamp  Carbons,  Ltd.— (n)  f),362;  (b)  £31  15s.; 
(<•)  .£9  3a.  6d. ;  (d'  £87  10s. 

Johnson  &  Phillips,  Ltd.— (o)  £1.615;  (6)  £47  10s. ;  (c)  £4;  (rf)  ISa.  each. 

General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— (nl  £1,568;  (b)  £15;  (c>  £5  6s. :  id)  10s.  each. 

Oliver  Arc  Lamps,  Ltd.— (a)  £1,249  ;  (ft)  £35  ;  (e)  £2  15s. ;  (d)  £106  58. 

Jandos  Arc  Lamp  and  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— (n)  £1,224;  (6)  £35  lOs. ; 
(c)  £31 17s. ;  (d)  £181. 

The  Committee  has  decided  to  accept  the  tffer  of  Messrs. 
Johnson  &  Phillips,  Ltd. 

HOLBOEM. — The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Barlow 
Bros.  &  Co.,  at  £.^5,  for  wiring  the  public  mortuary.  Other  tenders 
were  received  from  Messrs.  Rashleigh,  Phipps  &  Co.,  at  £6t  15s.; 
Messrs.  WUlats  &  Son,  at  £62  10s.  ;  and  Messrs.  Duncan  Watson 
and  Co.,  at  £66  8s. 

Woolwich. — The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  quotation  of  Messrs. 
Ferranti,  at  £  74,  for  oil  switches. 

Paisley. — We  understand  that  Messrs.  James  Kilpatrick 
and  Sons  have  secured  the  contract  for  the  electrical  work  required 
in  the  proposed  church  at  Wallneuk. 

Salford. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  Mather  k,  Piatt,  Ltd.,  for  filtration  plant  at  the 
electricity  works,  Frederick  Road,  for  £635. 

SoQth  America. — Messrs.  Gillespie  &  Beales,  London, 
buying  engineers  for  Messrs.  Martin  Bros.,  Valparaiso,  have 
recently  placed  the  following  order  with  Messrs.  Lindsay,  Burnet 
and  Co.,  Govan  : — For  ss.  Talful,  two  main  boilers,  complete  with 
tanks  and  oil-burning  apparatus  on  the  Korting  system,  complete 
with  all  accessories ;  one  donkey  boiler,  fitted  for  coal  or,  alter- 
natively, oil  burning. 

Wakefield. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  reinsulating  an  alternator  at  the 
generating  plant,  at  £163. 

Yarmouth.  —  The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tenders  of 
Messrs.  Bradbury.  Son  k  Co..  Ltd.,  for  500  tons  of  hard  steam  coal, 
and  Messrs.  Wm.  Cory  i  Son  for  650  tons  of  Digby  and  Pooley  Hell 
slack  coal,  for  the  Eleotiioity  Department, 


FORTHCOMINQ    EVENTB 


North-EaBt  Coast  InHtliutlon  of  Englnrern  and   .Shipbuilder*. -rrMay, 

February  2  M,  Ai  7.IM)  p  m.  At  ihn  Lit  und  I'hII.,  .Newo««tle.  I>otaril 
on  "Hiirfairij  Conibmiion,"  bt  Prof.  W.  A.  Bono. 

Boyal  Institution.-  Haturdnv.  IVb-uary  Mnd.-Al  8  p.m.  L^eiurt  on  "Tb* 
l-ropnriio.  and  Con.titotlon  of  tlia  Alom,"  by  Piol.  Plr.  J.J.  Thomaon. 
(Lecture  III.) 

Ratiirday,  March    Int.— At  H  p.m.     L'ctiire   rn   "Thu   Promrtlea  uid 

Constltiilion  of  the  Atom,"  by  r>rof.  HIr  .1.  J.  Thotn.on.     (f^ectcire  IV.) 

Institution   of   Electrical   Encineers  (Newcastle   Students'   SeclloD).- 

Monday.  Februa-y  21th.  Ai  T.VI  |..m  At  th«  Arm.tronif  (>5lle«a, 
Newcastle.  Paper  on  "A  Hingle  I'bttHc  Traction  Hjil«m,"  by  Mr.  V.  O. 
Haddock. 

(Manchester  Section).— Tiiciulav.FebrnarylKtb.  At  7.%  p.m.  At  the 
Unlv.j-sity,  Mancbester.  Paper  on  'Homo  Itecont  DerelopmenU  in  the 
Manohes'er  Street  Lighting,"  by  Mrssn.  8.  L.  Pcarce  and  H.  A.  RatclilT. 

(Londonl.-Thurhdav,  February  27th.  At  8  p.m.  Foar>h  KcItId 
^D«^'■"„^''n""J'  '^.!?*  '"""•  """  Ampere  and  the  Volt-a  Memory  of  Fifty  Ye«ri, 
I862.,912,  ■  by  Dr.  R.  T.  Glazebrook. 

(Students'Sectlonl.— Wednesday.  February  26th.  At  7  45  p.m.  At  the 
Instituti  n.  Embankment,  W.C.  Adjourned  discu«>ion  on  paper  on 
"  Some  Problems  of  Electricity  Supply,"  by  Mr.  O.  W.  P.  Page. 

Electro-Harmonic  Society. -Tuesday,  February  26th.  At  8  p.m.  At  the 
Holborn  Restaurant.     Ladies'  night. 

Physical  Society.— Friday,  February  28th.  At  .')  p.m.  At  Kins'g  Colkuc. 
Strand,  W.C.  Papers  on  "  Interference  bv  Biintgca  Radiation."  by  Prof. 
C.  (i.  Batkia  and  O.  H.  Mart>n  ;  "  Alte>natini;.Current  Magnet*,"  by  Prof 
E.  Wilson;  and  A  Graphical  Method  of  Optiral  Imagery,"  by  Mr  W  R 
Bower. 

Salford  Technical  and  Engineering  Association.— Saturday,  .March  Isi. 
At  7  p.m.  At  the  Royal  Technical  College,  Salford.  Lecture  on  "  Wireless 
Telegraphy,"  by  Mr.  J.  McKeeyer. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 
(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Officer— Lisct.-Col,  H.  M.  Lkaf. 

The  following  orders  have  been  issued  for  the  current  week : — 

Monday,  February  2ith.— "A"  Company.  Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Taesday,  February  25th.— "B"  Company,    Company  training,  7  to  10  p,m, 

Thursday,  February  27th.— "C"  Company.  Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m. : 
company  training,  7  to  10  p,m. 

Saturday,  March  1st.  — (Left  Half  Battalion).  "C"  and  "D"  Companies. 
Week-end  training  at  Doyer.  Dress:- Service  dress,  putties  and  great- 
coats. No  arms  will  be  taken.  Parade  at  Victoria  Station,  S.h;,  and 
C.  Railway,  at  1  p  m. 

Headquarters  will  be  open  from  10  a.m.  till  12  noon  for  regimental 
business. 


(Signed) 


P.  H.  CAMPBtLL,  Capt.  R.E.,  and  -Idjt. 

For  Officer  commanding  L.E.E. 


NOTES. 


Electric  Drive  in  llie  Wood-working  Vard. — Refer- 
ring to  the  article  on  this  eubject  published  in  our  issue  of 
January  24th,  we  are  informed  that  a  clerical  error  was  mtule  in 
quoting  the  cutting  speed  of  the  horizontal  reciprocating  saw  of 
Messrs.  John  Pickles  i:  Sons'  make.  The  saw  was  mentioned  as 
being  driven  by  a  15-H.i".  motor,  and  it  was  stated  that  it  was 
"  capable  of  matting  one  cut  up  to  18  in.,  cutting  at  the  rate  of  2  in. 
per  minute."     This  should  have  been  2  ft.  per  minute. 

Parliamentary      Notes.  —  Admiralty     Electrical 

Engineer. — In  Friday's  Parliamentary  Papers,  Major  Archer  Shee 
asked  the  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty  whether  the  services  of  the 
chief  electrical  engineer  had  been  lent  to  the  Leeds  Corporation  ; 
and  if  so,  why  this  gentleman's  services  could  be  spared,  in  view  of 
the  Admiralty  statement  that  it  was  not  desirable  that  they 
should  undertake  the  erection  of  wireless  stations,  as  they  conld 
not  spare  their  staff.  Mr.  Churchill  replied  that  the  circumstances 
referred  to  had  not  been  previously  brought  to  his  notice.  He  was 
informed  that  the  services  of  the  snperintending  electrical  engineer 
had  not  been  lent  to  the  Leeds  Corporation,  but  that  he  had  accepted 
an  invitation  unofficially  to  give  an  opinion  on  certain  points 
connected  with  their  electrical  undertaking  on  which  the  advice 
of  an  impartial  expert  was  desired.  The  acceptance  by  a  servant  of  the 
Crown  of  employment  such  as  this,  which  did  not  interfere  with  the 
performance  of  his  official  duties,  was  not  actually  prohibited  by 
the  regulations.  The  position  of  scientific  experts  in  the  service 
of  the  State  presented  special  features,  and  he  saw  no  reason  to 
interfere  with  the  arrangement  made  in  this  particular  case.  At 
the  same  time,  he  had  given  instructions  that  in  future  the 
consent  of  the  head  of  the  department  must  be  obtained  by  an 
officer  before  undertaking  any  service  of  this  character. 

Electricity  ln'  Mines. — On  the  motion  for  the  adjournment  ot 
the  House  of  Commons  on  Friday  night.  Sir  A.  Markham  called 
attention  to  the  Rufford  Colliery  disaster,  which  resulted  in  the 
death  of  14  men.  The  disaster  was  caused  by  a  hoppet,  which 
broke  through  the  headgear  of  the  colliery,  and  a  barrel  containini; 
some  tons  of  water  was  precipitated  dow  n  the  shaft  on  to  the  men 
Jfot  a  single  man  was  struck  by  the  hoppet  but  the  deaths  w«e 
oauaed  by  drowning.    When  the  hoppet  came  down  all  the  lights 


302 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi.  72.  No.  1,839,  fkbbuabt  21, 1913. 


in  the  shaft  were  put  out,  and  the  hon.  member  eaid  that  If 
eleotrio  lamps  had  been  provided  in  the  mine  he  felt  sure  that  the 
majority,  if  not  all,  of  the  men  would  have  been  saved. 

Standing  Orders.  —  The  whole  of  the  112  private  Bills 
deposited  in  the  Private  Bill  Office  for  consideration  by  Parliamentary 
durintr  the  forthconiine  session  have  now  been  before  the  Examiner 
and  dealt  with,  with  the  excep*ion  of  three,  which  have  been  post- 
poned till  March  4th.  One  of  the  postponed  Bills  is  the  London 
Oounty  Council  Tramways  and  Trolley  Vehicles  Bill.  Four  Bills 
will  not  be  proceeded  with,  one  of  which  is  that  of  the  Halifax 
Corporation  for  powers  to  construct  about  12  miles  of  new 
tramways,  at  a  cost  of  about  £200,000.  In  six  cases,  the 
promoters  have  failed  to  show  proof  of  having:  complied  with 
Standing  Orders,  and  these  Bills  will  accordingly  have  to  go  before 
the  Standing:  Orders  Committee,  who  will  decide  whether  they 
shall  be  allowed  to  proceed.  One  of  these  is  the  Ely  Valley  Gas  and 
Electricity  Bill,  where  it  was  held  that  the  notices  did  not  sufiB- 
ciently  and  accurately  define  the  area  proposed  to  be  sup- 
plied with  pas  and  electricity  by  Clauses  25  and  53. 
By  Clanse  58  it  was  proposed  that  the  company  should  be  under 
obligations  similar  to  that  provided  for  under  Sub-Sec.  1  of 
Sec.  21  of  the  Schedule  in  the  Electric  Lipht  Clauses  Act  of  1899,  to 
lay  down  distributing  mains  in  certain  streets  and  roads  mentioned 
in  the  second  Schedule  of  the  Bill,  but  as  such  streets  and  roads 
were  not  specified,  it  was  held  that  the  promoters  had  failed  to 
comply  with  the  standing  orders.  It  was  also  held  that  the  Leeds 
Corporation  had  failed  to  comply  with  the  Standing  Orders  by  not 
haying  the  consent  of  the  West  Riding  County  Council,  who  are 
the  road  authorities,  in  respect  of  Tramway  No.  6  in  the  Bill.  This 
proposed  tramway  was  one  of  1  mile  6  furlongs  to  be  constructed  in 
the  city  and  in  the  township  of  Templenewsam,  in  the  rural 
district  of  Hunslet. 

Amongst  the  Bills  dealing  with  electrical  matters  which  have 
successfully  pas.sed  the  Examiner,  and  will  go  for  second  reading, 
are  the  following  :  Bradford  Corporation,  Brighton  Corporation, 
Central  London  Railway,  Chesterfield  Corporation  Railless  Traction, 
City  and  South  London  Railway,  Cleveland  and  Durham  County 
Electric  Power,  Crowborough  District  Gas  and  Electricity,  Folke- 
stone, Sandgate  and  Hythe  Railless  Traction,  Hastings  Tramways, 
Heme  Bay  Gas  and  Electricity,  Huddersfield  Corporation,  London 
Electric  Railway,  Metropolitan  District  Railway,  Metropolitan 
Electric  Tramways,  Metropolitan  Railway,  Mexboroagh  and 
Swinton  Tramways,  Northern  Counties  Electric  Supply,  Rhondda 
Tramways,  Western  Valleys  (Monmouthshire)  Railless  Electric 
Traction,  and  Westgate  and  Birchington  Gas  and  Electricity. 

The  Batti-WallaLs.— We  are  informed  that  the 
informal  meeting  of  the  Batti-Wallah  Society,  on  Wednesday, 
February  12th,  was,  as  usual,  exceedingly  well  attended.  "It was 
strictly  informal,  the  programme  ranging  from  the  telling  of 
stories  to  a  wrestling  match."  The  members  were  asked  to  note 
that  the  date  of  the  annual  dinner,  which  wuh  to  have  taken  place 
on  March  8th.  is  unavoidably  altered  to  March  loth,  owing  to  the 
proximity  of  the  former  date  to  the  annual  general  meeting,  which 
takes  place  on  March  3rd. 

Educational  Notes.— On  Saturday  (15th  inst.),  the 
Clyde  Model  Eneineering  and  Electrical  Institute  was  opened  in 
Govan,  Glasgow  ;  it  has  been  established  for  the  purpose  of 
enabling  apprentice  engineers  and  other  young  mechanics  to  study 
their  trades  and  develop  ideas  by  experimenting  with  models.  A 
well-equipped  workshop  has  been  provided,  and  already  about  200 
members  have  been  enrolled. 

The  Education  Committee  of  the  London  County  Council  has 
issued  a  report  on  eight  years  of  technical  education  and  con- 
tinuation schools- -mainly  evening  work. 

New  Britisli  Westinghonse  Club.— On  Saturday  last 

the  British  Westinghouse  new  club  premises  in  Moss  Road, 
were  formally  opened.  The  Club  is  now  open  to  all  male  employes 
of  the  British  Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Co.  The 
building  has  been  constructed  with  a  view  mainly  to  convenience, 
and  consists,  on  the  ground  floor,  of  a  large  hall  capable  of  seating 
300  persons,  a  dining  room,  and  a  spacious  billiard  room  containing 
two  tables.  The  remainder  of  this  floor  is  occupied  by  the  stewards' 
living  rooms,  i:o.  Upstairs  are  a  number  of  committee  and  retiring 
rooms.  The  basement  is  mainly  devoted  to  the  rifle  range,  for 
which  a  sound-proof  room  has  been  constructed,  giving  a  range  of 
25  yards  and  accommodation  for  four  people  to  shoot  at  once.  As 
regards  the  outdoor  section,  there  will  be  five  tennis  courts,  three 
grass  and  two  hard,  and  a  bowling  green,  and  although  these  are 
not  yet  quite  complete,  it  is  expected  that  they  will  be  in  good 
working  order  by  the  commencement  of  the  season.  Mr.  Peck, 
chairman  of  the  Committee,  opened  proceedings  by  voicing  the 
Batisfaction  of  all  present  that  the  time  had  come  when  the  difii- 
cnlties  of  inception  and  organisation  had  been  overcome,  and  the 
proud  moment  of  inauguration  had  arrived.  This  had  been  made 
possible  by  the  financial  support  of  tlie  directors  and  the  members 
of  the  staff,  but  was  mainly  due  to  Mr.  Lange,  managing  director, 
for  his  support  throughout. 

Mr.  Longworth,  the  architect,  presented  a  golden  key  to  Mr. 
Lange,  and  Mr.  Lange,  in  accepting,  expressed  his  thanks.  He  eaid 
that  it  was  his  opinion  that  a  turning-point  in  the  history  of  the 
Club  and  the  British  Westinghouse  Co.  had  been  reached,  and  this 
had  only  been  possible  on  account  of  the  hearty  co-operation  of  the 
staff.  It  was  hii  pleasant  duty  to  declare  the  Club  open,  and  in 
doing  BO  he  outlined  the  history  of  the  organisation.  The  fort- 
rnnner  of  the  present  club  had  been  primarily  devoted  to  the 
the  eng:in«ering  side  of  the  firm  and  had  been  inaugurated  as  a 
m«>aTia  of  transmitting  to  the  younger  employ^p,  the  apprentices  in 


particular,  the  knowledge  possessed  by  the  older  engineers,  and  he 
wished  to  emphasise  the  fact  that  that  object  should  always  be  kept 
in  mind,  and  he  appealed  to  the  older  members  to  foster  the  spirit 
of  co-operation  and  watch  over  the  well-being  of  the  younger 
members.  He  wished  to  express  his  appreciation  of  the  various 
interests  now  gathered  under  the  one  name,  the  British  Westing- 
house Club,  such  as  the  Social  and  Improvement  Society,  the  Fore- 
man's \psociation,  and  Apprentices'  Section,  who  had  so  lo.vally 
subordinated  their  individual  interests  to  the  well-being  of  the  Club 
as  a  whole.  He  referred  to  the  great  interest  that  Mr.  Carlton,  a 
previous  managing  director  of  the  company,  had  in  the  Club  and 
to  the  strongly  educational  lines  on  which  he  considered  that  it 
should  be  run,  and  that  although  the  management  of  the  company 
had  modified  this  view  somewhat,  it  was  hoped  that  that  primary 
object  would  always  be  kept  in  view.  Mr.  Lange  also  made  special 
reference  to  the  invaluable  work  of  Mr.  Tearle  and  his  friends.  In 
conclusion,  he  wished  the  club  all  possible  success. 

Mr.  Tearle,  chairman  of  the  House  Committee,  regretted; that  the 
club  was  not  in  a  more  advanced  state  of  completion,  but  said  that 
it  had  been  the  feeling  of  the  committee  that  in  view  of  the  large 
membership,  it  was  advisable  to  open  the  premises  at  the  earliest 
possible  moment.  It  was  some  considerable  time  since  Mr.  Peck 
and  Mr.  Bissett  conceived  the  idea  and  sketched  out  rough  plans. 
The  club  was  indebted  to  Mr.  Derwent  Simpson,  solicitor  to  the 
company,  for  his  help  in  suggesting  methods  of  raising  the  neces- 
sary  funds.      On   his  recommendation,   it   was   decided  to    issue 


New  British  Westinghouse  Club. 


debentures  to  the  extent  of  £3,000,  of  which  £1,500  had  been  taken 
up  by  the  company,  who  had  also  cancelled  an  existing  debenture 
of  £675,  bhe  interest  on  which  was  being  paid  by  the  club.  The  rest 
of  the  debentures  have  been  taken  up  by  members  of  the  stafiE  with 
the  exception  of  about  £150.  He  wished  particularly  to  refer  to 
the  great  kindness  of  Mr.  Lange,  not  only  in  the  gift  of  the  three 
tennis  courts,  which  would  be  a  permanent  record  of  such  kindness, 
but  for  his  advice  and  enthusiasm  throughout. 

Sir  W.  H.  Bailey  offered  his  congratulations,  and  mentioned  that 
as  a  director  of  the  Traflford  Park  estates,  he  was  one  of  the  first  to 
discuss  with  Mr.  GJeorge  Westinghouse  the  question  of  purchasing 
a  plot  of  land  in  Trafford  Park  for  the  company. 

The  remainder  of  the  evening  was  devoted  to  the  social  side,  and 
an  enjoyable  entertainment  was  given  by  the  "Limits."  An  oppor- 
tunity for  the  inspection  of  the  premises  was  also  afforded. 

Possibilities  of  a  Tidal  Electricity  Works.— Plans 

for  utilising  the  tidal  motion  of  the  sea  have  often  been  sug- 
gested, without  coming  to  anything.  However,  the  first  serious 
attempt  to  use  it  for  the  production  of  energy  will  shortly  be  made 
at  Husum,  on  theSchleswig-Holstein  coast  of  the  North  Sea,  where, 
between  the  Isle  of  Nordstrand  and  the  mainland,  a  reservoir  of 
4,000  acres  is  to  be  created  by  means  of  embankments.  This 
reservoir  will  be  subdivided  by  another  embankment  into  an  upper 
and  a  lower  tank,  communicating  by  sluices  with  the  shallow  inland 
sea  on  one  hand  and  the  turbine  plant  on  the  other. 

The  scheme  is  based  on  the  assumption  of  a  uniform  tidal 
amplitude  of  3  metres,  the  lowest  ebb  and  highest  flood  each  time 
reaching  the  same  level,  and  their  difference  of  level  always  being 
3  metres.  Under  this  assumption  the  working  of  the  plant  will  be 
as  follows  ; — When  the  water  in  the  sea  is  higher  than  in  the  upper 
reservoir,  this  will  be  filled  through  the  sluices  ;  if,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  water  in  the  upper  reservoir  be  at  a  higher  level,  this  will 
flow  off  through  the  turbines,  thus  actuating  the  latter.  This 
would  commence  some  time  after  the  beginning  of  low  tide,  and 
cease  shortly  after  the  beginning  of  high  tide.  An  opposite 
process  is  to  take  place  in  the  lower  tank  ;  when  the  water  in  the 
sea  is  higher  than  in  the  tank,  it  will  flow  in  through  the  turbines, 
thus  starting  these  some  time  after  the  beginning  of  high  tide,  and 
stopping  them  some  time  after  the  beginning  of  low  tide.  If  the 
water  in  the  sea  be  lower  than  in  the  tank,  water  will  flow  from 
the  latter  through  the  sluices  into  the  sea. 

The  promoters  of  this  scheme,  on  the  hypothesis  of  a  regular  return 
of  tidal  amplitudes,  presume  that  the  operation  of  the  turbines 
from  one  of  the  tanks  may  begin  at  the  very  moment  the  operation 
from  the  other  tank  ceases,  thus  ensuring  a  continuous  service  : 
they  are  reckoning  on  a  level  difference  of  1  j  to  2  metres  between 
the  sea  and  the  tank  actually  in  operation,  the  water  in  both  tanks 
rising  and  falling  about  1  metre  during  each  tide. 

The  turbines  are  to  yield  5,000  H  P.,  driving  dynamos  which  will 
work  without  any  accnmnlators,  thus  communicating  their  output 
directly  to  the  supply  system.  The  cost  of  construction  is  estimated 
at  5,000,000  marks,  of  which  about  3,500,000  marks  is  allowed  for 
the  embankments  and  about  500,000  marks  each   for  the  turbines 


Vol.72.   No.  i.8:!-j,Fi.:i.uuAUY 21. 1913.1   THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


808 


and  bIuIooh,  tho  bijildinsfn  ftiid  the  olontrioal  pnrt  of  tho  plant. 
The  oo»t  of  the  KW.-hour  oh  produced  in  the  tidnl  electricity  worlcH 
han  bfen  catciilated  in  the  tirHt  inHtancn  at  l:)d.,  but  in  tho  event  of 
a  larifo  oonxumption  it  will  bo  reduced  conwidcTably  (down 
to  id.  nnd  Ioch).  Even  Hhould  tho  electrical  entcrptiHO  fai',  the 
promoterH  would  in  any  oaso  recover  the  value  of  the  land  reolaimcd 
from  tho  sea. 

In  an  article  recently  publiBhed  in  a  {Jornmn  daily  paper  (//■(/«■ 
hiirf/flr  Aorit'.i/)iiii</fii/'),  Mr.  L.  lienjntnin  Hcverely  criticises  thin 
Bohenie.  lie  draws  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  levfls  reached  by 
the  hiijh  and  low  tides  arc  Hubject  to  considerable  fluctuationn, 
often  une.\pi!cted  and  abrupt.  When  calculatlonfl  are  baned  on 
the  actual  tide  curves,  the  hypothesis  of  un  immediate  tronsition 
between  the  working  periods  of  the  two  tanks  is  seen  to  be  inad- 
missible. In  the  most  favourable  case  the  dynamos  would  work 
durint;  a  period  of  about  four  hours,  followed  by  a  standstill  of  two 
hourH,  after  which  the  next  workinij-  period  would  be^jin.  Tho 
workint;  periods  of  four  hours  each  would,  accordinc  to  the 
bepinniny^  of  hijjh  tide,  occur  at  chanpfinpf  times  of  day  or  nijfht, 
so  that  tho  enertjy  produced  by  the  turbines,  far  from  beinp  always 
utilised  immediately,  would  have  to  be  stored,  to  be  distri- 
buted to  consumers  at  the  riffht  moment.  No  regular  operation 
would  thus  be  possible  without-  the  aid  of  expensive  accumulators. 
Moreover,  the  district  to  be  supplied  would  be  by  no  means  suitable 
for  a  rural  power  transmission  plant,  the  enormous  length  of 
conductors  and  numerous  transformer  stations  increasing  the  cost 
of  electrical  energy  at  the  place  of  consumption  far  beyond  the 
figure  at  which  it  could  be  produced  by  properly-designed  steam 
electricity  works. 

The  figures  allowed  for  the  cost  of  the  refervoir  are  likewise 
criticised.  As  the  ground  at  present  lies  at  Ij  to  2  metres  above 
normal  low  level,  the  formation  of  two  tanks  of  so  enormous  a 
size  would  entail  the  excavation  of  at  least  25,000,000  cb.  metres 
of  Boil,  which,  if  feasible  at  all,  would  greatly  increase  the  esti- 
mated cost.  The  embankments,  about  12  km.  in  length,  would 
likewise  entail  an  enormous  expenditure  on  account  of  the  muddy 
ground  they  would  have  to  be  built  on. 

In  planning  the  machinery,  the  effective  head  has  simply  been 
taken  as  identical  with  the  level  difference  between  the  sea  and 
each  tank.  However,  the  water,  in  order  to  get  from  the  remoter 
parts  of  the  reservoir  to  the  turbines,  requir<s  a  sufficient  head, 
while  the  water  discharged  from  the  turbines  necessitates  some 
additional  head  to  avoid  any  back-pressure.  When  these  heads  are 
deducted  from  the  level  difference,  the  head  actually  available  for 
the  turbines  is  reduced  considerably,  beginning  at  most  with 
1  metre  and  falling  to  zero  in  the  course  of  a  working  period. 
Now,  while  there  are  no  turbines  working  under  heads  approximat- 
ing zero,  turbines  suitable  for  a  head  of  1  metre  are  necessarily 
unsuitable  for  use  with  heads  of  less  than  i  metre.  In  order  to 
make  up  for  this  defect  the  number  of  turbines  would  have  to  be 
multiplied. 

As,  finally,  the  foundations  of  the  turbine  plant  on  the  muddy 
soil  of  the  s  a  coast  would  be  extremely  costly,  the  installation  of 
the  contemplated  tidal  electricity  works  would  seem  to  entail  a 
prohibitive  expenditure,  while  its  chances  of  success  would  beany- 
thing  but  satisfactory. 

Annual  Socials,   &c. — Blackpool. — Employes  of  the 

Blackpool  Corporation  Electricity  and  Tramways  Department  held 
a  successful  whist  drive  and  dance  on  February  12th.  The  effort 
wag  in  aid  of  an  institute  which  the  employes  propose  to  organise 
for  recreative  purposes.  Mr.  C.  I.  Baker,  the  tramways  traffic 
superintendent,  was  M.C.  Alderman  J.  Brodie,  J. P.,  chairman  of 
the  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee,  assured  the  men 
that  the  Committee  would  do  its  best  to  assist  them  with 
their  proposed  institute.  The  Mayor  rejoiced  that  the  feeling 
of  union  amongst  the  tramway  employes  was  so  thorough. 
Mr.  C.  Furness,  the  general  manasrer,  said  this  was  the  first  united 
whist  drive  the  Electricity  and  Tramways  Department  had  organ- 
ised. When  they  considered  that  the  two  departments  consisted  of 
some  500  men,  and  most  of  them  had  families,  he  thought  the 
time  was  opportune  when  they  should  have  an  institute  of  their 
own  in  which  they  could  have  social  gatherings. 

London.— Some  60  members  of  the  staff  of  Electrical  Instal- 
lations, Ltd.,  held  their  sixth  annual  dinner  at  "  The  Horns," 
Kennington,  oli  the  15th  inst.,  Mr.  Stanley  C.  Russ  being  in 
the  chair,  who,  after  the  usual  toasts  had  been  drunk,  in 
a  short  speech  alluded  to  the  satisfactory  growth  of  the 
business  of  the  company.  Advantage  was  taken  of  this  oppor- 
tunity to  enroll  a  large  number  of  new  members  for  the  E.I , 
Ltd.,  Athletic  Club.  After  the  dinner,  various  members  of  the 
staff  entertained  the  company  with  a  variety  programme. 

Manchester.— On  Friday  last,  February  I4th,  at  the  Midland 
Hotel,  Manchester,  200  members  of  the  staff  of  Ferranti,  Ltd.,  held 
their  annual  dinner,  which  was  followed  by  a  musical  enter- 
tainment, to  which  some  of  their  number  contributed. 

Institution    and    lecture    Kotes. — Institution    oi 

Electrical  Engineers. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Scottish  Local 
Section  in  Edinburgh,  last  week,  Mr.  W.  B.  Hird,  Glasgow,  read  a 
paper  on  the  "  Electric  Arc,"  an  electrically  propelled  vessel,  which 
was  built  and  put  on  the  Clyde  in  1911,  for  the  purpose  of  demon- 
strating a  particular  method  of  electric  propulsion. 

Junior  Institution  of  Engineers. — The  twenty-ninth  annual 
dinner  of  the  Institution  was  held  on  Saturday  last  at  the  Hotel 
Cecil,  Sir  A.  Trevor  Dawson,  the  President,  occupying  the  chair. 

After  the  loyal  toasts,  Rear-Admiral  Arthur  W.  Waymouth 
(Director  of  Naval  Equipment  in  the  Admiralty)  gave  that  of  the 
"  Profession  of  Engineering,"  which  he  claimed  to  be  the  most 
important  in  the  world,  because  its  purpose  was  the  adaptation  of 


the  forces  of  nature  to  the  ii^rvlceof  m»n.  Rlnco  the  old  day«  of  the 
hauHom  cab  and  the  nailing  »hip,  Rteam  and  the  lnt<-rnal  rytmbai- 
tion  cnifine  had  brou^'ht  atx>ut  wond«-rH.  The  latter  enptfAnUy  had 
made  (light  In  air  and  Hubmarino  work  pofhilili-,  ami  would  probably 
lead  in  tho  future  as  a  motive  power  in  enifinccring  work*  Itr 
naval  construction,  no  ext'-nBive  wax  the  nne  of  tnai-.hinfry  in  battle- 
ships to-day  that  every  Naval  ofRcer  wae  an  tngineer,  and  wa« 
proud  to  be  one.  In  cnclusion,  the  Hpeakf  r  rer-alled  hiH  clone  b»»«cIb- 
tion  with  Sir  Benjamin  Uak<  r  on  tho  Board  of  Ordnance,  and  paid  a 
tribute  to  the  value  of  the  wrrk  BCCoinpliHhfd  by  thet  (f  reat  CDffinetr. 
Copt.  H.  Uiall  Sankey.  in  reply,  cold  that  cnirinpering  won  the  only 
profetsion  we  could  not  do  without.  It  wob CHmopolilan  and  knew 
no  bounds.  He  referred  to  the  "  Socialism  of  intellfct  "  shown  by 
Sir  A.  Trevor  Dawson  in  his  prcnidential  oddreBH,  in  propo«ingf  that 
likely  lads  should  betaken  up  and  educotfd  Vjy  the  State. 

The  toast  of  the  "Junior  Institution  of  p;ngineer8  "  waBKubmitted 
by  Major  E.  II.  Hills  (President  of  the  Uoyal  Astronomical  Society) 
who,  as  a  representative  of  one  of  the  oldest  scientific  focietie*, 
extended  the  band  of  fellowship  to  one  of  the  younge«t.  To  the 
astronomer,  the  work  of  the  engineer  in  the  mounting  of  telescope*, 
and  in  other  ways,  was  vital  and  important.  The  differences 
between  them  were  great,  the  work  of  one  being  fpecniative  and 
that  of  the  other  practical.  The  enginfer's  sphere  was  "to  do 
things,"  that  of  the  astronomer  "to  know  things,"  and  those 
who  would  criticife  the  latter  must  remember  that  the 
useless  things  of  one  generation  became  the  practical  tbinga 
of  the  next.  The  researches  of  Clerk  Maxwell  in  one 
gfneration  gave  to  the  succeeding  one  wireless  telegraphy,  and 
enabled  the  wealthy  merchant  on  the  Maun^aniato  be  kept  daily 
in  touch  with — the  price  of  lard.  The  desire  to  know  things  marked 
off  the  Western  mind  from  the  Oriental  and  the  savage  mind 
and  placed  it  in  the  forefront  of  civilisation.  .\s  an  instance  of 
this  desire  for  knowledge,  the  speaker  referred  to  the  life  of  Dr. 
Wilson,  the  naturalist  to  the  Scott  expedition,  "whose  loss  had 
thrown  a  nation,  and  indeed  the  whole  w-orld,  into  mourning."  One  of 
the  problems  Dr.  Wilson  set  himself  to  solve  was  that  of  the  nesting 
and  embryology  of  the  emperor  penguin,  a  bird  which  laid  its  eggs 
on  ice  in  the  middle  of  winter.  Two  years  ago  the  doctor  and  two 
ccinpanions  set  out  on  a  five  days'  journey,  and  on  arrival  at  the 
desired  locality,  made  a  snow  hut,  but  hardly  was  it  finished  before 
a  fierce  blizzard  blew  Uhe  roof  away,  together  with  their  tent  and 
other  belongings.  For  48  hours  they  lay  in  their  sleeping  bags 
without  food.  When  the  storm  ceased,  a  consideration  of  the 
direction  of  the  wind  enabled  them  to  recover  their  tent,  and  they 
were  successful  also  in  finding  the  eggs,  for  the  possession  of  which 
they  had  risked  so  much.  Curiosity  was  one  of  the  highest 
characteristics  of  our  race,  and  without  it  we  were  poor  creatures 
of  no  value.  We  had  still  some  chance  of  salvation  if  we  did  not 
commit  the  unpardonable  sin  of  a  blind  worship  of  the  useful. 

Mr.  S.  By  lander  (chairman  of  the  Institution),  in  response, 
spoke  of  their  hope  of  being  able  to  secure  a  building  of  their  own  in 
the  near  future,  and  of  the  several  advantages  of  membership. 
Their  motto  was  "  no  standing  still."       ^     s-  --  - ' 

Later,  Mr.  W.  A.  Tookey  (vice-chairman  of  the  Institution)  in 
giving  the  toast  of  "The  President,"  referred  to  the  services 
Sir  A.  Trevor  Dawson  had  rendered  them,  and  particularly  to  the 
value  of  the  first  Canet  lecture,  which  he  delivered  four  years  ago, 
on  "  The  Engineering  of  Ordnance." 

An  excellent  musical  programme  was  provided  and  was  greatly 
enjoyed  by  all  present. 

The  Concrete  Institute. — A  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  S.  By- 
lander,  entitled  "Steel  Frame  Buildings  in  London,"  at  the  meeting 
on  February  13th.  The  next  meeting  of  the  Institute  will  take 
place  on  February  2"th,  when  Mr.  J.  A.  Davenport  will  read  a 
paper  entitled   '  Economy  in  Reinforced  Concrete  Design." 

The  Institutios  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Students' 
Section).  —Mr.  D.  Betts  (vice-chairman)  has  been  transferred  to 
the  class  of  Associate  Members,  and  his  oflioe  is  now  filled  by  Mr. 
G.  W.  P.  Page,  who  vacates  the  hon.  secretaryship.  The  newly- 
elected  hon.  secretary  is  Mr.  E.  T.  Driver,  24,  Bradgate  Road, 
Catford,  s.B.  The  discussion  on  Mr.  Page's  paper  has  been 
adjourned  to  February  2(5tb. 

Manchester  University  Engineering  Society.— At  a  meet- 
ing of  the  Society  on  February  12th,  Mr.  S.  L.  Pearce,  chief  elec- 
trical engineer  to  the  Manchester  Corporation,  gave  a  lecture  on 
the  Manchester  electricity  undertaking,  illustrated  with  maps  and 
lantern  slides. 

Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers.— The  annual  report 
of  the  Council  was  presented  to  the  members  at  the  meeting  on 
Friday  last  week.  It  shows  that  the  total  membership  at  December 
31st,  1912,  was  fi,160,  an  increase  of  332.  The  total  revenue  for  the 
year  was  £16  950  and  the  expenditure  £13,3U.  leaving  a  surplus  of 
£3,606,  of  which  £710  was  carried  to  capital  account  as  entrance 
fees  and  life  compositions.  The  net  capital  of  the  Institution 
amounts  to  £64  237.  In  an  appendix  to  the  report,  full  particulars 
are  given  of  the  scheme  of  examinations  for  Graduat^ship  and 
Associate  Membership  as  adopted  by  the  Council.  The  next 
summer  meeting  will  be  held  in  Cambridge  at  the  end  of  July. 

The  Association  of  Engineers-in-Charge. — A  most  enjoyable 
social  evening  and  dance  was  helH  in  ci  nnecti<->n  with  th»- ahove 
Association  on  Saturday,  February  Sth,  when  a  company  of  upwards 
of  200  members  and  friends  were  present  in  the  St.  Bride's  Insti- 
tute, E.C.  There  was  a  good  selection  of  dances  with  five  extras, 
including  a  flirtation  and  card  dance,  and  Mr.  Hardy's  Bijou 
Orchestra,  which  was  engaged  for  the  occasion,  provided  an  excel- 
lent musical  programme.  The  special  dances  created  much  amuse- 
ment, and  at  the  same  time  added  matfrially  to  the  sociability  of 
the  evening.  Messrs.  H.  E.  Neal  and  W.  T.  Pickett  (;chairman  and 
vice-chairman  of  the  Association  respectively)  supported  the  efforts 


304 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVTEW.    [Voi.  72.  No.  1,839,  fmbuabt  31, 1913. 


of  the  committee 'by  attendinp  the  fnnction.'and  the  arranpements 
made  for  the  entertainment  of  those  prefent  left  nothiner  to  be 
desired.  Mesprs.  W.  H.  Ball  and  M.  C.  White  acted  as  M.C.'a  for 
the  evening,  and  they  carried  oat  their  duties  in  a  very  effective 
manner. 

AsscdATioN.oF  ^Mixing  Electrical  Exgineebs. — Mr.  A.  B. 
Mairhead  recently  lectured  at  Masselbnreb.  on  the  subject  of  "  The 
Handlinjr  of  Electric  Plant  in  Collieries,"  before  the  Eistern  Branch 
of  the  .Association. 

An  examination  for  oompRtency  in  mining:  electrical  enjrineer- 
ine  will  Ui  held  on  March  t*th  and  1.5th,  at  10  centres  in  the  United 
Kinedom.  The  subjects  are  A.c.  and  n  c.  theory  and  practice,  the 
special  rules,  distribution  of  electrical  energry,  electric  lightiner  and 
signallin^r,  fee.  Full  particulars  can  be  obtainetl  from  the  general 
secretary  of  the  Association,  C.  St.  C.  Saunders,  Bank  Chambers, 
London  Road,  Dfrby,  or  any  of  the  l)ranch  secretaries.  Candi- 
dates must  be  on  the  refjistcr  of  the  Association. 
E  The  Council  announces  that  the  foUowinp  prizes  are  offered  for 
papers  for  the  present  session  : — An  Association  prize  of  Five 
Guineas  for  the  best  paper  read  at  any  branch  ;  a  prize  of  Two 
Guineas,  piven  bv  Mr.  Carlow,  for  the  best  paper  by  a  member  of  the 
East  of  Scotland  Branch  ;  a  prize  of  Four  Guineas,  fjiven  by  Mr.  Alex. 
Anderson  and  Mr.  Matthew  Brown,  for  the  best  paper  by  a  workinp 
colliery  electrician  who  is  a  member  of  the  West  of  Scotland 
Branch  :  and  a  premium  of  Two  Guineas,  given  by  Lord  Joicey, 
for  the  best  paper  by  a  member  of  the  North  of  Eupland  Branch. 
Further  particulars  can  be  obtained  from  the  General  Secretary  of 
the  Association,  Bank  Chambers,  Derby,  or  any  of  the  branch 
secretaries. 

Tb«'    Electro-IIarnionic    Society. — The  next  concert 

(ladies'  night)  will  be  held  at  the  Holbom  Restaurant  (Kind's 
Hall)  on  Tuesday,  February  25th,  at  8  o'clock  p.m.  The  artistes 
are  as  under  :— Vocalists  :  Miss  May  Huxley  (soprano),  Miss  Violet 
Oppenshaw  (contralto),  Mr.  Hubert  Eisdell  (tenor),  and  Mr.  Ivor 
Foster  (baritone)  ;  violoncello,  Mr.  W.  H.  Squire  ;  recitations.  Miss 
Elsie  Fofrerty  ;  entertainer  at  the  piano,  Miss  Haidee  Hamilton  : 
entertainer,  Mr.  Thornley  Dodge  ;  solo  pianoforte  and  accompanist, 
Mr.  Bernard  Flanders,  A  R.A.M. 

Fatality. — The  death  took  place  on  Sunday  at  the 
Bolton  Infirmary,  of  Albert  Blakely  (22),  of  Everett  Street,  Bolton, 
a  tramcar  conductor  in  the  employ  of  the  Corporation.  On  the 
previous  day,  whilst  in  charge  of  a  car  in  Bradshawgate, 
Blakely,  by  some  means,  was  struck  by  a  passing  tramcar,  sustain- 
ing injuries  which  proved  fatal. 

Coal  Stacking:  and  Firina-.— .\  paper  by  Mr.  Kendrick 

was  recently  read  Ijefore  the  Manchester  District  Institution  of  Gas 
Engineers.  He  endeavoured  to  explain  the  fires  that  had  happened 
to  stacks  of  coal  during  some  months.  At  his  works  at  Stretford 
they  have  had  three  serious  fires  in  four  years,  and  many  cases  of 
overheating.  No.  1  store  held  1,800  tons,  and  was  an  old  retort 
house  partly  roofed,  with  and  partly  without  louvres.  No.  2  store 
holds  I.-IOO  tons  and  has  no  louvre.  No.  3  holds  800  tons,  and  has 
a  two-span  roof  of  corrugated  iron.  In  the  first  two,  coal  is  delivered 
by  conveyors.  In  No,  ;i  it  is  hand-stacked,  14  ft.  high.  In  the  other 
stores  it  is  piled  in  pyramids  2-1  and  20  ft.  high,  the  top  of  the 
cones  being  8  ft.  across.  No.  1  shed  had  given  most  trouble.  The 
finest  slack  is  usually  sent  direct  to  the  retorts,  but  much  fine  stuff 
still  gets  into  the  store  and  fills  the  middle  part  of  the  piles,  and  to 
this  dust  and  small  coal  the  fire  trouble  is  due. 

As  a  result  of  what  was  observed,  after  each  boat  had  been  dis- 
charged, the  fine  dust  was  dug  out  and  spread  over  the  heap,  and 
pipes  were  put  in  at  intervals  to  enable  the  interior  of  the  pile  to  be 
watched.  Three  years  of  immunity  led  to  laxity,  and  the  small 
stuff  had  not  been  fully  dug  out.  and  a  fourth  fire  occurred.  It 
was  again  the  small  coal  which  heated,  but  was  not  the  immediate 
cause.  Some  old  screened  coal  was  buried  under  the  new  coal, 
and  the  store  was  filled,  in  about  six  weeks,  to  its  utmos', 
capacity.  On  emptying  the  shed,  the  rough  coal  under  the  slack 
was  quite  carbonised  and  fire  was  creeping  under  the  slack. 
Apparently  air  had  reached  the  new  coal  through  the  old  tongue  of 
open  rough  coal.  The  temperature  in  the  tubes  rose  slowly  to  !i0°. 
then  (luickly  to  110°,  with  a  quick  jump  to  SOn",  and  it  required  a 
week  to  reach  the  fire,  which  had  then  spread  considerably.  As 
this  coal  was  stored  in  the  hot  month  of  May,  1912,  and  was  stacked 
quickly  and  was  dustier  than  usual,  these  causes  appear  to  have 
been  active  in  producing  fires. 

The  colliery  agents  attribute  the  numerous  fires  of  that  year  to 
the  fact  that  after  the  strike,  coal  was  much  crushed  at  the  face, 
and  was  very  small,  and  it  was  not  clean,  being  hurried  away 
quickly  for  use.  and  more  probably  fresher  coal  than  usual  was 
stacked.  Freshly-wrought  coal  is  more  prone  to  heat,  especially  if 
fine. 

Coal  as  received  is  warmer  than  the  atmosphere,  as  much  as  2°  to 
12'  in  summer,  and  4°  to  20°  in  winter.  Since  a  pit  may  have  a 
temperature  of  90°,  coal  must  start  from  the  pit  fairly  warm,  and 
if  stacked  too  socn,  ♦oo  high,  or  in  too  large  mass,  it  is  prone  to 
heat.  Also,  coal  mined  first  after  the  strike  would  be  damper  than 
usual,  and  dampness  seems  to  engender  fire. 

Coals  absorb  from  one  to  three  times  their  volume  of  oxygen,  and 
this  produces  heat,  and  if  it  can  occur  in  a  thick  mass  the  heat 
accumulates.  Stacking  in  cone  shape  from  a  conveyor  causes  the 
9ne8  to  accumulate  at  the  apex,  and  these  are  apt  to  fire.  This  system 
of  storage  is  thus  to  be  regarded  with  suspicion.  Coal  owner*  suggest 
H  to  15  ft.  as  the  heig^ht  of  coal  stacks^r  a  mean  of  13  ft.      Gas- 


works practice  is  to  stack  10  to  30  ft.  .Since  coal  under  cover 
cools  less  slowly,  it  should  be  stored  in  less  depths  than  when  out 
of  dnors,  whereas  the  reverse  is  the  usual  practice.  The  question  of 
ventilation  is  a  disputed  one.  Some  men  say  ventilate  freely  and 
carry  off  the  heat.  Others  fay  keep  out  all  air  and  no  heat  can  be 
generated.  If  this  is  so  it  would  be  quite  safe  to  store  in  closed 
bunkers,  exhausting  the  air  at  the  top  and  admitting  COj  at  the 
base  to  fill  the  voids  between  the  coal.  In  practice  it  appears  that 
coal  will  be  reached  by  air  enough  to  make  it  beoome  hot.  There- 
fore, supply  ample  air  to  carry  off  the  heat,  for  the  oxidation  will 
be  less  if  the  coal  is  cold.  Yet  in  mines  ample  ventilation  to 
remove  gas  has  caused  heating  in  the  gob,  and  the  checking  of  the 
air  current  has  stopped  the  heating. 

If  a  heap  fires,  very  much  water  is  needed  to  quench  it,  for  water 
•iet,s  up  air  currents  to  fan  the  fires.  At  Stretford  they  treat 
alfeited  coal  with  strong  ammoniacal  liquor  and  only  put  water  on 
unaffected  coal.  The  summing  up  is  that  coal  from  different  seams 
should  not  be  mixed,  nor  should  coal  of  different  classes. 

Fine  slacks  should  not  be  stacked  at  all,  nor  damp  coal  under 
cover.  Large  heaps  are  the  more  dangerous.  Lumps,  nuts  and 
fines  should  be  well  mixed  in  stacking.  Limit  heights  to  20  ft.  in 
the  open,  and  Ifi  ft.  under  cover.  Avoid  external  sources  of  heat, 
leaking  roofs,  fee.  Keep  temperature  records  of  coal  as  received  and 
in  stock,  and  if  the  heat  rises  to  90°  or  100°,  remove  the  top  layers 
and  watch  carefully.  Do  not  disturb  a  fired  heap  by  pushing  in 
bars.  Do  not  apply  water  to  a  fire,  but  ammoniacal  liquor.  Remove 
and  use  heated  coal  promptly. 

From  remarks  made  daring  the  discussion,  it  would  seem  that  if 
coal  is  screened  and  stacked  it  does  not  become  hot.  This  indicates 
the  smalls  as  the  cause  of  trouble.  But  it  also  indicates  the  need  for 
good  air  circulation,  for  it  is  the  fines  that  prevent  this.  It  seems 
impracticable,  as  a  rule,  to  gain  safety  by  excluding  all  air,  as  that 
would  undoubtedly  prevent  fire,  for  to  produce  fire  there  must  be 
oxygen.  The  question  is,  can  coal  absorb  oxygen,  as  oxygen  which 
shall  only  begin  to  work  when  the  coal  is  stacked  ,'  With  present, 
day  large  stacks  of  coal,  the  subject  becomes  important. 

Mr.  C.  S.  Northcote's  Bankruptcy.— Charles  Spencer 

Northcote,  67,  Stanthorpe  Road.  Streatham,  London,  electrical 
engineer. — The  receiving  order  herein  was  made  on  creditors' 
petition,  the  act  of  bankruptcy  being  the  failure  of  the  debtor  to 
comply  with  the  requirements  of  a  bankruptcy  notice  duly  served 
upon  him.  The  debtor  appealed  from  the  receiving  order,  and  an 
order  was  made  staying  all  proceedings  thereunder  pending  the 
hearing  of  the  appeal,  which  had  now  been  dismissed.  According 
to  the  statement  of  affairs,  the  liabilities  are  expected  to  rank  at 
£1,709  123,  lOd.  and  the  assets  are  estimated  to  produce 
£33  6s.  6d.  The  debtor  became  London  manager  to  a  firm  of 
electrical  engineers,  and  the  firm  having  become  a  limited  company 
in  1903,  he  was  appointed  a  director.  Three  years  later  he  left  the 
company  and  sold  his  shares  therein  for  about  £4,000,  opening  an 
office  at  2,  Queen  Anne's  Gate,  Westminster,  on  his  own  account. 
He  traded  there  under  the  style  of  the  Wholesale  Electric  Traders, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  he  was  honorary  secretary  to  an  association, 
in  which  capacity  he  organised  and  managed  the  Manchester 
Electrical  Exhibition  of  1908,  In  1909  he  gave  up  his  offices,  and 
has  since  had  no  office  and  earned  practically  nothing,  although  he 
has  tried  to  develop  various  electrical  schemes,  and  he  has  lived  on 
his  capital.  He  purchased  a  freehold  house  at  Forest  Hill  some 
10  years  ago  for  £3,000,  and  spent  £1,000  on  improvements.  He 
had  an  overdraft  at  the  bank,  but  gave  them  a  fixed  mortgage  on 
the  house  for  £1,.500  about  two  years  ago.  He  left  this  bonse  in 
April,  1912,  and  it  was  unoccupied  until  last  November,  when  the 
mortgagees  sold  it  by  auction  for  less  than  the  mortgag'e  money. 
When  he  left  this  house  he  instructed  the  petitioning  creditors  to 
sell  by  auction  the  bulk  of  his  furniture,  and  they  did  so  ;  but 
being  dissatisfied  with  the  way  in  which  the  sale  was  conducted,  he 
consulted  a  solicitor  with  a  view  to  bringing  proceedings  against 
them.  The  petitioning  creditors  alleged  that  certain  letters  written 
by  the  solicitor  so  instructed  were  libellous,  and  they  thereupon 
commenced  proceedings  against  the  debtor  for  libel,  the  action 
coming  on  for  trial  at  the  end  of  last  June,  when  judgment  was 
piven  by  default,  and  the  case  referred  to  the  Sheriff  to  assess 
the  damages.  Debtor  instructed  other  solicitors,  who  appeared  at 
the  Sheriff's  Court,  but  a  verdict  was  given  against  him  for  £400, 
and  costs.  An  appeal,  which  was  entered  by  the  debtor,  was  dis- 
missed, and  the  petitioning  creditors  thereupon  brought  the  present 
proceedings.  No  books  of  accounts  had  been  kept  by  the  debtor, 
who  ascribed  his  failure  to  the  verdict  obtained  against  him  by  the 
petitioning  creditors  for  damages  for  an  alleged  libel  and  the  costs 
of  the  action. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  creditors,  held  last  Tuesday  at  132, 
York  Road,  Westminster  Bridge  Road,  S.E.,  it  was  decided  to  leave 
the  matter  in  the  hands  of  the  Official  Receiver. 

.ippointnients     Vacant.— Charge    engineer,    for    the 

Corporation  Electricity  Works,  Crewe  (£80).  Chief  draughtsman, 
for  Provincial  Cinematograph  Theatres,  Ltd.  (£182).  Electrical 
fitters,  for  H,M.  Dockyard,  Portsmouth  (36s.).  Fitter-driver  for  the 
Severalls  Asylum,  Colchester  (358,).  See  our  advertisement  page* 
in  this  issue. 

.1  Sooth  London  E.\hibition. — This  week,  at  Raleigh 

Hall,  Effra  Road  (opposite  Lambeth  Town  Hall),  the  South  London 
Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd.,  is  running  an  exhibition  of 
electric  heating  and  cooking.  Demonstrations  are  given  daily  at 
3.30  and  7.30  p.m.  To-morrow  (Saturday)  night  the  Exhibition 
will  cloBC. 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,H:1;i,  Kkkuuauvl'1,  lUlll.J    Till''.      VAjVT/I'HHIMj      IIKVIIOW 


:i05 


SELF-STARTING    SYNCHRONOUS     MOTORS. 


Tin;  Ijnncaaliire  Dynamo  and  Motor  Co.  huH  recently  con- 
structed a  number  of  self-startinj,'  synclironous  motors,  some 
particulars  of  wliich  we  are  enaliled  to  publish  hcrewitli. 

Tlie  "  Fiancasliire  "  self-starting'  synchronous  motor  has 
lieen  designed  to  overcome  the  j^reat  drawback  of  the 
synchronous  machine,   viz.,  that  it  requires  skilled  attention 


'I'he  motor  then  comes  intf)  synchronism  and  rung  an  a 
synchronous  motor,  tlie  field  e.xcitsition  Ix-iiiK  adjnstc<l  Ui  suit 
the  power  factor  which  is  required. 

This  type  of  motor  is  specially  suitable  for  installinj,'  in  a 
works  and  drivirif^  machines  such  as  i)um[)8  or  air  com- 
pressors, on  which  the  load   is  fairly  constant.     The  excita- 


} 


Fig.  1. — 750-H.r.  Self-Starting  Sy.vchronols  Motor  driving  Tramway  Generator,  Alternator  and  Exciter. 


and  synchronising  before  it  can  be  put  on  the  circuit. 
The  "  Lancashire "  type  of  machine  starts  up  like  a 
wound-rotor  induction  motor,  and  when  it  is  up  to  speed, 
and  the  exciting  current  is  switched  on,  it  pulls  itself  into 
step  automatically,  thus  enabling  the  motor  to  be  used  for  all 
sorts  of  industrial  purposes  where  a  synchronous  motor  of  the 
ordinary  type  would  be  inadmissible. 


Fig.  2. — Motor-driven  Air  Compressor  kor  London,  Ont. 

The  current  is  switched  on  to  the  stator  by  the  stator 
switch,  and  a  resistance  is  put  across  the  slip  rings  in  parallel 
with  the  field  winding.  The  motor  then  starts  up,  and  as 
the  resistance  is  cut  out  the  speed  rises  until  it  gets  close  to 
synchronism.  At  this  point,  the  rotor  is  put  across  a  bufifer 
resistance,  and  the  switch  being  moved  one  step  further  ]>uts 
the  exciter  across  the  slip  rings,  with  all  the  resistance  in 
series  with  the  field. 


tion  can  be  adjusted  to  raise  the  power  factor  of  the  works 
to  something  in  the  neighbourhood  of  •!),  which  is  about  the 
most  econom'cal  value. 

The  motors  are  of  the  revolving  field  type  with  cylindrical 
rotors  ;   the  stator  windings  are  former-wound,  embedded  in 


Fig.  3.- 


-RATEAU   TlRBO-BlOWER    with    250-H.P.   SrSCHRONOlS 

Motor  Drive. 


partially-closed  or  open  slots,  and  insulated  in  micanite 
troughs,  which  project  some  distance  from  the  core  and 
provide  against  breakdown  at  the  point  where  the  windings 
leave  the  slots.  The  end  connections  also  are  clamped  to 
the  end  plates  when  necessary. 


306 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [Voi.72.  No.  1,839,  fbbkuaey  21, 1913. 


The  rotor  is  constructed  wiih  miinerous  ventilatin*^  ducts, 
and  a  fan  of  full  rotor  diameter  is  provided  on  either  side  of 
it,  which,  in  conjunction  with  the  stator  end  shields,  provides 
an  excellent  ventilating  arrangement,  the  constructive 
features  of  which  are  shown  in  the  views  of  the  Erindale 
frequency  changer  mentioned  later. 


force.  Each  coil  is  insulated  and  securely  bolted  between 
the  spigots  of  two  bronze  clamping  jilates  ;  afterwards  it  is 
placed  on  the  pole  and  fixed  against  the  pole  tip  by  means 
of  set  screws.  The  pole  tip  jirevcnts  the  coil  flying  out 
under  the  action  of  centrifugal  force. 

The  machines  are  fitted  witli  a  system  of  forced  ventilation 
to  ensure  cool  running,  fans  being  fixed  on  either  side  of  the 
field  system,  as  shown  in  our  view  of  the  rotor.     The  cold 


Fig.  4. — Starter  Connections  for  Self-startixg 
Synchronous  Motor. 

The  rotor  coils  are  wound  with  flat  copper  strip  and  after- 
wards taped.  Standard  ball  bearings  are  fitted  to  the 
journals,  and  a  double  ball  thrust  bearing  is  provided  to  keep 
the  rotor  in  position,  the  other  bearings  being  free.  These 
motors  have  been  used  for  a  variety  of  driving  purposes,  and 
some  of  these  we  illustrate  :  they  have  also  been  supplied  to 
run  idle  and  act  as  rotary  condensers. 

Our  first  view  shows  a  7oO-ii  i'.  combination,  one  of  two 
similar  sets  supplied  to  the  city  of  (iuelph,  Canada,  each  con- 
sisting of  a  TaO-H.i'.  self-starting  synchronous  motor  direct- 
coupled  to  a  D.c.  traction  generator  and  alternator  with  exciter ; 
the  latter  machine  is  used  to  change  the  periodicity  of  supply 
from  25  to  62l  cycles,  and  the  set  runs  at  750  r.p.m.  from 
the  2,200-volt  three-phase  mains  ;  the 
other  views  of  sim.lar  motors  in  use  are 
self-explanatory. 

AVe  further  illustrate  in  figs.  C.  to  'J  a 
frequency  changer  recently  supplied  to 
the  Erindale  Power  Co.,  Canada.  Tlie 
set  consists  of  a  synchronous  motor 
direct  coupled  to  an  alternator,  sup- 
ported on  two  beam  bed  plates  with 
three  bridge  type  pedestal  bearings,  the 
startet  motor  and  the  exciter  being 
carried  by  the  end  pedestals.  The 
synchronous  motor  capacity  is  1, ].">() 
K.v.A.  at  12,500  volts,  three-phase, 
25  periods,  and  a  speed  of  300  k.1'..m., 
and  the  alternator  develops  1,000  k.v.a. 
at  13,200  volts,  three-phase,  Oo  periods. 
The  exciter  is  shunt  wound,  and  generates 
320  amperes  at  1 25  volts.  The  starter 
motor  is  of  the  wound  rotor  type, 
running  ofi'  2,200  volts,  and  is  controlled 
by  a  special  oil  immersed  rotor  starter 
in  which  the  last  five  or  six  contacts 
are  suitable  for  regulating  the  speed 
when  synchronising.  Fig.  (i  gives  a 
view  of  the  above  set  tdken  on  the 
Lancashire  Dynamo  Co.'s  test  bed. 

From  the  rotor  view  of  the  25-period 
machine,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  field 
system  is  built  up  with  salient  poles,  which  are  bolted 
to  the  periphery  of  the  plate  type  cast-steel  fly- 
wheel. The  poles  are  built  up  of  mild  steel  stampings,  in 
order  to  reduce  the  eddy  current  los.ses  to  a  minimum.  The 
construction  of  the  field  system  facilitates  the  removal  of  the 
poles  when  this  is  desired  for  inspection  or  repairs. 

The  field  coils  are  wound  wiih  copjjer  strip  on  edge ;  this 
arrangement  prevents  the  layers  rolling   under  centrifugal 


Fig.  5.— 2UU-H.P.  Self-Starting  Synchronous  Motors 
Driving  Pumps. 

air  is  drawn  in  and  forced  by  the  fans  against  the  stator 
end-connections  and  along  the  field  coils.  The  stator  end- 
shields  provide  an  effective  guide  to  direct  the  air  to  the 
desired  portions  of  the  machine,  and  the  hot  air  is  expelled 
through  holes  in  the  stator  case. 


ELECTRICAL    APPARATUS    AND 
STANDARDISATION. 


By  \V.  a.  TOPPIN. 


A  CERTAIN  amount  of  standardisation  is  necessary  in  every 
industry.     There  are  two  ways  by  means  of  which  it  may  be 


Fig.  6. — 1,000-K.v.A.  Frequency  Changer  by  the  Lancashire  Dynamo  &  Motor  Co. 

brought  about.  One  is  for  the  manufacturer  to  obtain  the 
monopoly  of  manufacture  of  any  particular  article,  as  lias 
been  the  case  in  the  wood-screw  industry  ;  the  other  and 
much  more  satisfactory  way,  is  for  a  committee  of  experts  to 
issue  rules  that  all  the  manufacturers  agree  to  abide  by. 
Fortunately  for  the  growth  of  electric  lighting,  lamp  caps 
liave  been  standardised.  Now  that  the  public  are  beginning 
to  find  out  that  electricity  can  be  used  for  so  many  purposes 


Vol.72.   No.  i,s:i..M.'K..iurAuvji,iyi:i.i    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVn<:W. 


807 


b('si(k'S  lij^litiiiL,',  wall  |iliij,'s  iiml  a  imniliiT  of  diIht  tliiin/s 
sliould  l)(!  nindc  (A'  oik;  sliirdiinl  ])attorii,  ho  us  Io  iiinkc 
electriciLy  as  clicai)  and  as  easy  to  use  as  jioHHibKf. 

I  proiKisc  ill  this  artii;le  to  deal  only  with  such  i-lecLrical 
accessories  as  iimy  lie  Iniiiid  in  any  lioiisc  or  ollici!.  If  liie 
('able  iMaiiufactiirers'  As.sociatioii  could  only  ariaiif^c  some 
nieatis  whereby  anyone  could  at  once  .say  that  a  particular 
wire    was  association  or  non-association  'nade,  it  would  save 


A  coiisiiiiicr  A  breaks  a  ilip  and  j^oes  to  a  contra':i.')r  I>  for  ;i 
new  one,  who  (inds  he  d(x,H  not  Ht<jck  thiH  particular  ()Utt<:ni. 
A  ^o<;H  back,  ties  a  piece  of  letnonade  wire  round  the  fuv 
terniinals,  and  after  one  or  two  more  fune  clip*  break  tcllB  15 
to  fix  a  new  fuseboard. 

The  distance  apart  and  the  width  of  tlie  fuse  clip  contact 
should  be  Hcttled  for  certain  definite  prcHsiircH. 

.\n  example  of  luck  of  uniformity  betwecrn  four  five-ampere 


Fui.  7.— Stator,  Showing  End  Shielos.  Fig.  8. — 2.5-Peeiod  Rotor,  Showing  Ventii..\ting  Fans. 

FREyuENCv  Changer  for  the  Erindale  Power  Co.  (see  page  306). 


the  poorer  contractors  from  taking  such  care  of  the  labels 
from  coils  of  association  grade  wire  so  as  to  make  them  last 
out  a  few  coils  of  the  other  grade. 

The  screw  thread  for  tubing  should  be  standardised.  At 
present  contractors  are  put  to  considerable  trouble  through  a 
tube  from  one  maker  not  screwing  into  a  T  box  bought 
somewhere  else. 

The  number  of  types  of  main  switches  is  legion,  but  this 
is  not  of  such  moment  as  the  fuse  question.  Main  and  sub- 
fuses  have  to  be  frequently  replaced,  and  it  is  essential  that 


Fig.  y. — FREyuENCi  Changer  Supplied  to  the  Erindale  Power  Co.,  Canada  (sec  page  30ti). 


any  non-electrical  man  should  be  able  to  do  this,  and  make  a 
good  job  of  it  with  no  risk  to  himself.  For  this  reason  I  am 
a  strong  advocate  of  the  spring  clip  type  of  fuse.  The  wire 
is  visible,  it  can  be  replaced  without  fear  of  shock  in  the 
minimum  of  time.  Now  these  clips  vary  :  buy  six  fuse- 
boards  from  six  different  makers  and  specify  the  same  voltage 
and  current  in  each  case,  and  the  chances  arc  that  not  one 
of  these  clips  will  be  interchangeable.      "What  is  the  result  ': 


250-volt  porcelain  clip  fuses  :  the  distances  between  fuse 
terminals  were  2y  in.,  2^'^  in.,  igS  in.,  and  2'^l  in.,  and  the 
thicknesses  of  the  contact  clip  varied  from  ^',.   in.  to  ij  in. 

A  large  firm  are  specialising  in  fuses  of  the  screw-in 
Edison  plug  type.  If  these  become  popular  other  firms 
must  be  prevented,  if  possible,  from  making  similar  fuses 
having  different  screw  threads.  Switches  do  not  give  much 
cause  for  complaint,  but  wall  plugs  are  most  urgently  in 
need  of  standardisation. 

An  example  of  the  differences  found  between  three  five- 
amp,  plugs  by  different 
makers  :  the  distances 
between  the  centres  of 
the  contact  pins  were 
,'„  in.,  4  in.,  and  [j  in., 
and  the  diameters  of 
the  pins  alsj  varied. 
The  use  of  wall  plugs 
for  irons,  kettles,  radi- 
ators and  the  like  is 
increasing  so  rapidly 
that  the  lack  of 
uniformity  becomes 
very  important. 

Although  the  Edison 
type  of  screw  lamp  is 
not  much  used  in  this 
country  except  for 
battery  work,  the 
diameter  and  screw 
threads  should  be 
fixed.  Attention  was 
called  to  radiator 
lamps  and  their  attach- 
ment by  a  prominent 
central  station  engineer 
a  few  weeks  ago. 
He  advocated  a  special 
holder.  Certainly  the  ordinary  bayonet  socket  type  suitable 
for  a  i)0-c.p.  Osram  lamp  is  not  suitable  for  carrying 
1  ampere  continuously.  A  screw-in  connection  similar  to 
a  "  Zed "  fuse  seems  very  suitable,  and  should  be 
standardised. 

The  connecting  pins  for  electric  kettles,  irons,  heaters, 
&c.,  all  vary.  An  iron  l)ought  one  year  from  a  very  pro- 
minent firm  has  a  totally  different  sized  connecting  pin  from 


308 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,    [voi.  72.   No.  1,839,  FEBRUAnY2i,  191:?. 


an  iron  of  the  same  size  made  two  years  later.  A  cusioincr 
has  therefore  to  state  when  ordering  a  new  connector  in 
what  year  his  iron  was  made. 

The  time  has  undoubtedly  now  come  when  the  electrical  in- 
dustry can  standardise  without  anything  but  good  resulting. 


THE  NEW   WORKS    OF   MESSRS.   ECKSTEIN, 
HEAP    &    CO.,    LTD. 


i\K(  KXTLV,  through  the  courtesy  of  Messrs.  Eckstein.  Heap, 
we  were  enabled  to  inspect  the  new  premises,  known  as  the 
Lancashire  Switchgear  Works,  in  Caroline  Street,  IJroughton, 
Manchester,  into  which  they  have  moved,  with  a  view  to 
providing  for  a  considerable  extension  of  their  business.  It 
may  be  remembered  that  the  concern  was  recently  turned 
into  a  limited  company,  with  ^Ir.  Eckstein  as  managing 
director. 

The  new  premises  consist  of  three  spacious  floors,  sub- 
divided into  various  departments  adapted  for  the  firm's 
switch,  fuse  and  instrument  business. 

The  ground  floor  contains  a  machine  shop  fully  eiiuipjied 
with  capstan  and  other  lathes,  milling,  grinding,  drilling 
machines,  iVc,  and  adjacent  to  it  an  erecting  shop  for 
switchboards  and  mining  switchgear,  the  latter  being  a 
recoLrnised  speciality  with  the  firm. 

A  section  of  the  ground  floor  is  reserved  for  the  packing 
department,  and  on  each  floor  suitable  stores  are  provided 
for  the  particular  class  of  work  carried  on  there. 


The  test  room  ei]uipraent  includes  iimtiir-generators  and 
transformers  for  giving  up  to  10.000  volts  pressure  and 
several  thousand  amperes,  but  heavy  material  is  tested  in  the 
sliops   by  means  of  portable  equipments  on  trolleys,  which 


n 

H 

n 

£/ec  Me¥ 

H   " 

nil  ^a^'"^  " 

I 

ss 

ns  n' 

--    m 

The  Duawino   Oi-kick,  Mejs.srs.  Eckstein,  Heap's  New  Works. 

will  give  the  necessary  current  and  pressure  range  desired, 
and  can  be  plugged  into  the  local  supply  at  convenient 
points. 

Amongst  our  views  are  some  of  tyijical  productions  turned 


AutO-trnnsfonuer  Motor  Starter, 


Controller  for 
Auto-starter. 


Liquid  Starter. 


Some  Eckstein,  Heap  Specialities. 


The  feature  of  the  first  floor  is  the  extensive  accommoda- 
tion provided  for  the  drawing  office  and  estimating  staff's,  the 
counting  house,  board  room  and  various  private  offices. 

Elsewhere  there  are  provided  a  shop  for  tool  making  and 
press  work,  an  inspection  room  for  small  work,  and  depart- 


out  by  the  firm,  which  it  will  be  seen  builds  a  very  sub- 
stantial type  of  switch  for  heavy  service,  such  as  in  mines  and 
factories,  and  pays  particular  attention  to  interchangeability 
of  parts  and  ease  of  adjustment  and  renewal.  In  the  case 
of  mining  switchgear,   switches   of   100    to    GOO   amperes 


Mixisf;  Switchgear  arranged  as  an  Ibosclad  Switciiisoakd. 


ments  devoted  to  the  construction  of  medium  size  switchgear, 
controllers,  Ac,  coil  winding  and  testing.  The  top  floor 
is  naturally  reserved  for  the  lighter  class  of  work,  such  as 
knife  switches,  switch  fuses,  circuit  breakers,  fuses,  \c.,  but 
it  also  contains  pattern  and  instrument  making  shops, 
and  an  enamelling  shop. 


A  Corner  of  the  Machine  Shop. 

capacity  are  standard  lines,  while  switches  for  use  on  switch- 
t)oards  ranging  from  15  to  4,000  amperes  capacity  are  also 
made.  The  firm  always  employs  a  toggle  action  in  its 
switches,  also  standard  contact  units,  which  can  be  varied 


Vol.73.     No.  1,889,  FHBBUART2I,  191B.]      TIIK      KiLKCTRICAfj      IU'jVTEW. 


809 


in  number  us  rc(|uirc(l,  and  novviulajn  the  porcelain  inHulutorH 
in  oil  8\vil('lica  are  readily  replHcablc,  tlie  older  f^rcuted-in 
insiilaLur  lia\  iiifj  becii  siiiKiKcdcd. 

Diirinf,' our  visit  many  example's  of  mining  Bwitclipcar  for 
l)otli  low  and  liif;h  press- urea  were  shown  to  us,  and  wc 
illustrate  an  ironclad  switchboard  built  up  of  mining  units, 
and  including'  bus-bar  chambers,  Isolating  links,  trifurcating 
boxes,  instruments,  &c. 

It  may  be  noted  that  the  overload  and  no-voltage  trip 
coils  are  oil-immcrsed,  as  well  as  the  current  and  potential 
transformers  where  these  arc  necessary,  thus  i)roviding  perfect 
insulation  ;  also  that  the  switch  parts  and  tank  lowering 
gear  are  interlocked  with  the  isolating  links  in  order  to 
ensure  the  operation  of  the  oil  switch  prior  to  interference 
with  the  former  gear. 

We  also  illustrate  two  types  of  auto-starter  :  these  are 
built  for  either  star-delta  or  auto-transformer  control,  and 
can  be  fitted  with  automatic  trips  as  required. 

The  firm  does  a  large  business  in  direct-current  circuit-^ 
breakers,  of  the  loose  handle  laminated  brush  type,  fitted 
with  carbon  break  and  magnetic  blow-out,  for  switchboard 
use,  as  well  as  in  instruments  for  the  same  purpose. 

In  conclusion,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  new  company  com- 
mences business  under  excellent  conditions  and  well  equipped 
to  meet  the  exigencies  of  present  day  trade. 


COPPER. 

The  sudden  and  heavy  fall  in  price  continues  to  be  the  sub- 
ject of  constant  discussion.  As  is  pointed  out  by  the  writer 
of  an  article  in  the  Times  (February  10th),  the  price  at  the 
bepiuningr  of  last  month  for  standard  was  j£76s,  while  it  is  now 
little  above  £()t;,  and  touched  this  figure  during  the  past  week. 
The  Balkan  war  is,  of  couree,  responsible  for  a  general  depref  sion, 
but  besides  this  the  writer  alludes  to  the  stocks  accumulating  in 
the  United  States,  and  the  fact  that  production  has  increased  con- 
siderably. Production  in  that  country  is  considerably  ahead  of  the 
home  consumption.  In  Europe,  there  is  still  a  considerable  margin 
between  supplies  and  deliveries.  Three  quarters  of  the  European 
supply  coming  f re  m  United  States,  this  must  naturally  be  so.  To 
the  increased  production  and  running  ahead  of  consumption,  the 
writer  of  the  article  attributes  the  reduction  of  the  price  by  the 
American  copper  producers,  from  17|  cents  to  16J  cents  per  lb., 
which  was  the  determining  factor  in  the  present  fall. 

In  view  of  the  fluctuations  which  affect  the  price  of  commodities 
when  the  greater  part  of  the  production  is  under  one  control,  it  is 
always  good  news  to  hear  of  fresh  sources  of  production  not  yet 
tapped  by  the  combines.  A  pamphlet  is  to  hand  containing  reports 
of  discoveries  in  the  Russian  Island  of  Nova  Zembla,  which,  with- 
out claiming  to  be  final  so  far  as  quantity  is  concerned,  shows  that 
considerable  native  outcrop  copper  is  present  in  the  district  investi- 
gated. It  claims  to  have  proved  the  existence  of  two  cupriferous 
veins  of  an  average  thickness  of  15  to  2  metres  each,  and  that 
these  veins  extend  over  a  length  of  more  than  2  kilometres  ;  also 
that  deposits  of  chalcopyrite  ore  are  present  in  the  district  (Miedny 
Peninsula).  Concessions  have  been  granted  to  a  company  in  course 
of  f.srmation.  Apparently,  though  in  latitude  7r8''  north  the 
climate  is  naturally  severe  (average  winter  temperature  —  15°  to 
—  20°  C),  yet  there  are  settlements  on  the  same  island  even  further 
north  which  are  inhabited  the  whole  year  round.  The  veins  are 
under  a  kilometre  from  the  coast. 

So  long  as  the  United  States  continues  to  produce  more  than 
half  the  copper  consumed  in  various  parts  of  the  world,  it 
will  naturally  remain  the  dominant  factor  in  any  consideration 
affecting  the  copper  market.  The  time  when  other  parts  of  the 
globe  will  produce  quantities  allowing  them  to  measure  themselves 
with  the  United  States  in  this  respect  does  not,  apparently, 
approach  any  nearer  ;  on  the  contrary,  the  present  policy  of  the 
United  States  producers  appears  rather  to  be  one  of  holding  back 
than  of  putting  forth  more  effort  to  increase  production.  The 
usual  annual  summary  of  copper  production  figures  appearing  in 
the  Mining  and  Engineering  World  of  Chicago  for  January  25th, 
gives  a  useful  and  exhaustive  summary  of  copper  statistics  for  last 
year  (1912).  The  present  rate  of  consumption,  we  learn,  may  be 
largely  increased  by  the  use  of  copper  in  steel  rails,  on  which 
experiments  are  being  made.  The  presence  of  \\  per  cent,  of 
copper  appears  to  increase  the  useful  life  considerably.  The  use  of 
copper  for  ornamental  purposes  is  referred  to,  and  even  watch  dials 
run  into  some  hundreds  of  tons  annually. 

The  increase  in  output  of  1912  is  the  largest  yet  recorded, 
amounting  to  230  million  pounds  (from  estimates,  final  figures  not 
being  yet  available). 

In  1912  the  United  States  produced  550,000  tons,  against 
490,000  in  1911.  This  is  out  of  a  world's  production  estimated  at 
977,000  tons.  Against  this  production  other  figures  show  .imall, 
though  many  of  them  are  quite  healthy.     Mexico  is  second  with 


fJS.OOO  ton»i,  .Japan  ihowH  third  with  MfiOO,  Auntraloula  haii  4  7.f)00, 
Canada  :12,(pOO,  Rap-nia  29  000,  fiirmHny  24,000  end  Afri'-a  2O.fX)0. 
The  InonnHCB  (ovi-r  191  1  ).  providfd  th<'K)  fi|/iiriH  arn  KuHlrHfintly 
near,  ar((  United  Stuti-H  If.  per  ci-nt.,  Japan  f)  p<r  c<-nt ,  Auntrslia 
7j  jicr  cent.,  (/'aniula  30  p<T  <;«-nt.,  (Jermsny  10  p«r  cent,  and  Africa 
IT)  iM!r  cent.  S(>ain  and  PurtiiKal  alone  iihow  a  decrca»o  of  T,i>  tonii 
in  an  output  of  no  000. 

A  table  of  the  prnportionotn  proiluf:tion  of  the  United  State*  to 
that  of  the  globe  Ih  oIho  given.  Thin  KhowH  the  peroentojfe  1(5'2  in 
1880,  rising  very  htcndily  till  IkOB,  when  it  wa«  fiO'8  p«T  cent,,  then 
jumping  to  550  for  two  yearn,  afU-rwardn  declining,  but  attainip); 
a  maximum  of  581  per  cent,  in  1900,  and  now  being,  according  to 
the  above  figures,  5ti  per  cent.  As  the  fignrcs  acBumed  ouch  large 
proportions  the  increase  in  the  world's  production  fell  off  nlightly, 
being  i\  per  cent.  |)er  annum  for  the  latter  half  of  the  last  century  ; 
in  the  present  one  it  has  V)een  nearer  8  per  cent.  Variations  have, 
of  course,  occurred,  aa  in  1907,  when  the  output  was  lew  thon  in  the 
preceding  year,  but,  taking  the  increase  over  the  12  year?,  the 
average  will  be  found  near  this  amount. 

The  leading  territory  in  the  United  States  for  copper  production 
is  Ari/.ona,  which  passed  Montana  in  1907.  Its  last  year's  output 
is  estimated  at  160,000  tons.  Montana  comes  second  with  138,000, 
Michigan  third  with  104,000,  and  UUh  foVirth  with  00,000. 

The  Porphyry  mines  in  Utah,  Nevada.  Miami,  ice,  are  estimated 
to  have  produced  114,000  tons  of  the  total.  In  Montana  only  one 
property— the  North  Bulte— has  deteriorated  in  producing  ability 
and  reserve  of  ores.  In  Lake  Superior  district,  Calumet  and  Hecla 
mine  shows  a  decrease  of  some  2,000  tons. 

Coming  to  stf^cks,  the  beginning  of  the  new  year  shows  an 
increase  of  7,000  tons  over  the  end  of  the  preceding  one.  Stocks 
were  lowest  in  July,  falling  off  since  the  commencement  of  the 
year,  with  heaviest  drop  in  January.  Production  was  highest 
in  August  and  lowest  in  February — the  difference  between  the 
two  12,000  tons,  on  an  average  of  about  45,000.  Domestic 
deliveries  were  highest  in  October  and  lowest  in  February. 

Export  deliveries  were  highest  in  January  and  lowest  in  April. 
Production  increased  10  per  cent,  over  1911,  doaestic  deliveries  15 
foreign  deliveries  fell  1  per  cent.,  and  total  deliveries  gained 
6  per  cent. 

The  world's  stocks  as  on  December  31  st  were  about  5,200  tons  less 
than  for  the  same  date  in  the  previous  year. 

On  the  financial  side,  14  companies  increased  their  dividends 
during  the  year,  and  four  commenced  paying  dividends. 

The  lowest  price  for  Lake  Superior  copper  was  in  January  14i 
cents.  The  higheft  was  17 J,  which  appeared  several  times  in  June, 
August,  September,  November  and  December. 

Electrolytic  advanced  pretty  steadily  throughout  the  year,  being 
\i\  cents  (low  price)  in  January,  and  standing  at  17  J  (high  price) 
from  June  onwards.  Consumers,  it  appears,  still  refuse  to  carry 
heavy  stocks  of  the  metal,  and  thus  refrain  from  stimulating  the 
market  with  heavy  orders.  At  the  same  time,  the  writer  of  the 
article  considers  that  indications  point  to  the  fijst  quarter  of  1913 
as  a  satisfactory  one  so  far  as  dividends  are  concerned. 

The  influences  on  this  market  are  at  present  so  numerous  that 
figures  relating  to  it  are  of  especial  interest.  In  England  the  market 
is  waiting  for  a  clearer  European  outlook,  and  better  conditions 
generally  ;  in  the  United  States  the  situation  is  affected  by  the 
Mexican  war,  by  the  question  of  production,  and  by  the  rumours 
concerning  the  health  of  one  of  the  owners.  The  figures  given  by 
Messrs.  Merton  in  their  mid-monthly  circular  show  an  increase  in 
the  European  visible  supply  for  February  15th  of  1,561  tons  over 
the  figures  for  January  31st.  French  stocks  have  increased  499 
tons,  and  Dutch  1,430  ;  Germany  (Hamburg)  is  estimated  to  have 
increased  885  tons.  English  stocks,  on  the  other  hand,  are 
853  tons  lefs. 

Supplies  from  North  America  are  heavy,  though,  of  course,  the 
half-monthly  figures  cannot  be  taken  as  being  necepsarily  half  the 
month's  supply.  Spain  and  Portugal's  contribution  is  very  small, 
Chile  shipments  are  slightly  low,  Australian  well  maintained.  The 
quantity  afloat  from  Australia  is  large,  6,000  tons.  The  total 
deliveries  are  very  fair  at  22,993  tons,  if  the  same  rate  be  main- 
tained. The  average  per  month  is  42,700  tens,  and  a  50,000-ton 
month  is  not  often  recorded,  though  last  February  exceeded  that 
quantity. 


More  New  Terms. — The  proposal  of  a  Standards  Com- 
mittee, composed  of  representatives  of  German  and  Austrian 
technical  societies,  to  adopt  the  appellation  "  Neupferd "  (new 
horse)  for  the  unit  of  power  (102  mkg  /sec.  =  1  kw.),  has  not 
met  with  general  favour.  In  consequence,  the  Committee  now 
puts  forward  alternatively  "Grosspferd"  (great  horse),  a  term 
which  of  itself  indicates  that  it  is  a  unit  of  greater  magni- 
tude than  the  old  (in  the  ratio  of  102  to  75  mkg /sec).  What 
success  awaits  this  new  creation  (says  the  Zeit.  fUr  Oest.  Ing.  n. 
Ark.")  remains  to  be  seen, 

For  our  part,  we  shall  simply  go  on  calling  it  the  kilowatt. 

The  Electric  Snieltina:  of  Copper  Ore.— It  is  stated 

that  the  Union  Miniere  du  Haut  Katanga,  which  is  the  Belgian 
company  engaged  in  the  production  of  copper  ore  in  the  Katanga 
district  of  the  Belgian  Congo,  and  which  placed  a  large  quantity 
of  raw  copper  on  the  Antwerp  market  for  the  first  time  in  1912, 
proposes  to  form  a  subsidiary  company  for  the  electro-metallurgical 
treatment  of  copper  ore.  The  ioheme  contemplates  the  utilisation 
of  waterfalls  for  this  parpoii«. 


810 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.     [Vol.72.    No.  1,839,  February  21,  1913. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

The  Editort  invite  electrical  engineert,  trhether  connected  with  th» 
technical  or  the  commercial  ride  of  the  profession  and  indvstry, 
also  electric  tramuay  and  railway  officials,  to  keep  readers  of  the 
Electrical  Review  posted  as  to  their  movements. 


Central   Station  Olfioials.— Mr.   H.  T.  Bates,  who 

until  recently  occupied  the  position  of  resident  engineer  to  the 
South  Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways  and  Lighting-  Co.,  has 
been  presented  with  a  marble  clock  by  his  late  coUeagrues.  Mr. 
A.  V.  Mapon,  the  peneral  minager,  in  makinp  the  prefentation, 
regretted  Mr.  Bates's  resignation,  and  congratulated  him  on  his 
appointment  as  resident  manager  to  the  Rothesay  Tramway  Co., 
wii-hing  him  every  success  in  his  new  sphere. 

The  Torquay  T.C.  has  increased  the  salary  of  Mb.  Keenan,  chief 
assistant  engineer  at  the  Electric  Light  Works,  from  £166  to  £180 
per  annum. 

The  Barrow-in-Furness  T.C.  has  increased  the  salary  of  the 
borough  electrical  engineer,  Mk.  H.  R.  Burnett,  from  £.500  to 
£.5.'iO  per  annum. 

The  Dewsbury  T.C.  has  increased  the  salary  of  Mr.  R.  W.  Ghubb, 
asi-istant  electrical  engineer,  from  £170  to  £180  a  year,  rising  by 
£10  per  annum  to  a  masimum  of  £200. 

Mr.  .1.  MiETix  Blair,  who  was  the  Acton  Council's  electrical 
engineer  from 'the  inception  of  that  authority  s  electricity  nnder- 
.  taking  until  the  transfer  of  the  business  to  the  Metropolitan 
Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  now  severed  his  connection  with 
the  company,  by  whom  he  was  engaged  as  local  representative 
after  leaving  the  Council's  employment. 

The  St.  Helen's  T.C.  has  increased  the  salary  of  Mr.  J.  \V.  Warr, 
outside  superintendent  at  the  electricity  works,  from  £180  to  £200 
per  annum. 

Bailie  Smith  and  Mefses.  P.  G.  Stewart  and  Haxnat,  have 
been  appointed,  along  with  Mr.  W.  W.  Lackie,  chief  engineer,  by 
the  Electricity  Committee  to  represent  Glasgow  T.C.  at  the  18th 
annual  conference  of  the  Incorporated  Municipal  Electrical  Asso- 
ciation to  be  held  in  London  in  June. 

The  Bristol  T.C.  has  increased  the  salary  of  Mr.  C.  M.  Davis, 
commercial  engineer,  to  £200  per  annum,  and  that  of  Mr.  A.  J. 
Newman,  distribution  superintendent,  to  £225  per  annum. 

The  Electricity  Committee  of  Bermondsey  B.C.  has  decided  to 
increase  the  salary  of  the  electrical  engineer  (Me.  W  E.  J.  Heenan) 
by  two  annual  increments  of  £50,  to  £t)25  per  annum  ;  also  the 
salary  of  Mr.  L.  A.  Laws  (mains  superintendent)  from  £185  to 
£200  per  annum.  ' 

The  salary  of  Me.  J.  H.  Bowden,  electrical  engineer  to  the 
Poplar  undertaking  is,  subject  to  the  usual  fanction,  to  be  increased 
from  £600  to  £700  per  annum,  as  from  January  Ist  last.  It  is 
stated  by  the  Council's  refponsible  Committee  that  the  salaries  paid 
to  the  engineerd  of  other  electricity  undertakings  in  London  with 
similar  outputs  are  considerably  higher  than  that  paid  to  Mr. 
Bowden,  and  under  the  circumstances  they  think  that  he  is  fully 
entitled  to  the  increment. 

On  Friday  evening  last,  at  Bexley  Heath,  Mr.  Cbas.  Mittel- 
hauses.  late  electrical  engineer  and  tramway  manager  to  the 
Bexley  U.D.C.,  was  presented  with  a  pair  of  binoculars  and  a  clock 
by  the  members  of  the  various  municipal  departments.  Councillor 
E.  J.  Reid  presided,  and  the  new  electrical  engineer,  Mr.  P.  J. 
.Stokes,  was  among  those  present.  Councillor  Reid,  who  had 
been  ifor  four  years  chairman  of  the  Electricity  Committee, 
said  he  had  always  found  Mr.  Mittelhau^en  the  fouI  of 
courtesy  and  loyalty,  and  he  congratulated  him  upon  the  results  of 
his  labours.  Mr.  Mitt^lhausen  replied  in  suitable  terms,  and  a  few 
words  from  Mr.  Stokes  followed.  The  arrangements  were  made  by 
Mr.  S.  Stone.  On  the  following  day,  at  a  concert,  the  employes  of 
the  lighting  and  traction  departments  presented  their  late  chief 
with  a  silver  cigarette  case. 

General, — We  have  received  a  cutting  from  the  j\'ew 
yurkJ/erald,  TepoTiine  that  last  Saturday  week  at  Halifax,  N.S., 
Capt.  Larnder,  R.  D.  Legatte,  watch  officer,  and  James  Himmel- 
man,  boatswain's  mate,  all  of  the  cable  steamship  Machay-Bennelt, 
were  honoured  by  the  Dominion  Government  for  a  gallant  rescue 
at  sea.  A  handsome  loving  cup  was  presented  to  Capt.  Larnder, 
a  pair  of  binocular  glasses  to  the  watch  officer,  and  a  gold  watch 
to  the  boatswain's  mate.  "  It  was  just  a  year  ago  on  the  Georges 
Bank  that  between  heavy  snow  squalls  and  heavy  weather  the 
officer  of  the  watch  on  the  Machay-liennett  thought  he  saw  a  vessel 
flying  a  signal  of  distress.  A  search  was  made,  and  at  last  the 
schooner  Caledonia,  heavily  coated  with  ice,  leaking,  and  her  pumps 
choked,  was  observed.  A  boat  in  charge  of  Uimmelman  put  off  to 
the  rescue,  and  the  crew  of  six  men  were  taken  off  the  disabled 
vessel.  The  Caledonia  <fas  taken  in  tow,  but  when  60  miles  from 
Halifax  she  capsized  because  of  the  tremendous  weiaht  of  ice  on 
her  rigging  and  sides." 

The  TiineH  states  that  in  consequnnce  of  the  absorption  by  the 
■Underground  Railways,  Ltd.,  of  the  Central  London  Railway,  Mr. 
Cecil  Paktkidgk,  general  manager  of  the  latter  company  since 
1911,  has  accepted  an  offer  of  compensation,  and  will  shortly 
retire. 

Oar  readers  will  be  interested  to  learn  that  Ms.  J.  H.  Rioer  is 
leaving  South  Africa  for  a  short  holiday  in  the  course  of  a  month 
or  two,  and  he  will  be  in  this  country  before  Midsummer. 

Mr.  R.  H.  Cbidge,  formerly  of  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo 
Works,  Ltd.,  has  been  appointed  by  the  Electrical  Apparatus  Co., 
Ltd.,  as  their  London  representative  for  motor  control  and 
switch  gear. 


Mr.  Charles  J.  Close  has  been  appointed  to  represent  the 
Marconi  International  Marine  Communication  Co.,  Ltd,  in  the 
North-Eastern  Counties.  Offices  have  been  acquired  at  Milburn 
House,  Newcastleon-Tyne.  The  registered  telegraphic  address  of 
the  North  Country  branch  is  "  Expanse,  Newcastle,"  and  the 
telephone  number  is  "Central  112.5." 

Mb.  H.  R.  Kempe,  who,  as  our  readers  are  aware,  recently  retired 
from  the  position  of  principal  staff  engineer  and  electrician  to  the 
Po.-t  Office,  was  on  Monday  last  presented  with  a  silver  tea  and 
coffee  service  by  Mr.  W.  Slingo,  engineer-in-chief,  on  behalf  of  his 
colleagues  and  friends  at  St.  Martin's-le-Grand. 

Mr.  C.  D.  Cuo.mpton  has  recently  severed  his  connection  with 
the  Post  Office  Telephones,  Manchester,  and  has  taken  up  a  position 
on  the  staff  of  Messrs.  L.  E.  Wilson  &:  Co.,  20,  Cross  Street,  Man- 
chester. Before  leaving  he  was  presented  by  his  late  colleagues 
with  a  fountain  pen. 

Mb.  0.  L.  Remington,  manager  of  Messrs.  W.  McLean  &  Co., 
electrical  merchants,  of  Melbourne,  has  arrived  in  London,  and  his 
address  is  at  the  Hotel  Ctcil.  He  is  open  to  confer  with  firms  and 
others  who  have  special  lines  of  manufacture  for  introduction  to 
the  Australian  market. 

Obituary. — Mn.  (Ieorge  Mattuev,  F.R.S. — We  regret 

to  record  the  death  of  Mr.  George  JIatthey,  which  occurred  on 
11th  inst.  at  Easfbr>urne.  The  deceased  gentleman  was  87  years 
of  age,  and  he  had  been  practically  all  his  life  a  member  of  the 
well-known  firm  of  Johnson,  Matthey&  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Hatton  Garden, 
London.  He  joined  it  at  the  early  age  of  10,  and  a  few  years  later 
became  a  partner.  He  relinquished  his  active  association  with  the 
business  some  seven  years  ago.  The  Times;  in  alluding  to  Mr. 
Matthey's  career,  mentions  his  early  interest  in  the  development  of 
platinum  for  commercial  purposes,  including  chemical  apparatus 
and  electric  lamps.  "The  iridio-platinum  of  which  the  standard 
metre  was  made  was  manufactured  by  his  firm  under  his  direct 
superintendence."  He  was  decorated  with  the  Legion  of  Honour, 
and  in  1879  was  made  an  F.R.S. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Teleca  Co.,  Ltd.  (127,163). — This  company  was  registered  on 
February  18tb,  with  a  copitBl  of  £2,000.  in  1,750  participating  ordinary  shares 
of  £1  eacli,  and  5,000  deferred  ordinary  shares  of  Is.  each,  to  carry  on  the  busi- 
ness of  engineers,  contractors,  &c.,  and  to  accjuiie  certain  patents  for  an  inven- 
tion relating  to  a  telephone  cord  attachment.  The  subscribers  (with  100 
partic'pating  ordinary  sliates  each  I  are  :~E.  V.  Cheese,  1,  Albemarle  Street,  W., 
merchant ;  P.  C.  Anderson,  9,  Uounfield  Qardens,  8.W  ,  accountant  Private 
company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  ur  more  than 
five;  the  subscribers  are  to  appoint  the  first;  qualification,  100  shares; 
remuneration,  £50  each  per  annum,  after  5  per  cent,  is  paid  on  the  partici- 
pating ordinary  shares.    Begistered  by  E,  Anderson,  329,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 

London  Coiuiuercial    Elcctricnl  Stores,   Ltd.   027,131).— 

This  company  was  register.d  on  February  12th,  with  a  capital  of  £1.0(0  in  £1 
shares,  to  t»ke  over  the  business  carried  on  at  G5-7,  Knightrider  Street,  E.G., 
as  the  **  London  Commercial  Electrical  Stores,"  to  carry  on  the  business  of 
electricians,  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  all  kinds  of  electrical  apparatus 
and  sundries,  &c.,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  F.  Taussig.  The  sub- 
scribers (with  one  share  each)  are:— H.  H.  Kemp,  35,  Alexandm  Park 
Boad,  Muswell  Hill,  N.,  clerk;  P.  Taussig,  05-7,  Knightrider  Street,  E.G., 
electrical  engineer.  Piivate  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be 
less  than  two  or  more  than  three  ;  the  first  are  F.  Taussig  (governing  director), 
and  P.  J.  White :  remuneration  of  governing  director  £350  per  annum. 
Registered  office,   65-7,  Knightrider  Street,  E.G. 

Electricity  Meters  Patent  Development  Syndicate,   Ltd. 

(157,175). — This  company  was  registered  on  February  Uth,  with  a  capital  of 
£SOU  in  £1  shares,  to  acquire  British  and  Canadian  patents  granted  to  A.  M. 
Billington  and  W.  H.  Johnson  relating  to  electricity  meters,  and  to  adopt  an 
agreement  with  the  Johnson-BiUingcon  Electricity  Meters,  Ltd.  The  sub- 
scribers iwith  one  share  each)  are  :— H.  li  SpiUer,  28,  Hastings  Hoad,  Ealing, 
W.,  stockjobber;  H.  Harrison,  11,  Victoria  Street,  S.W.,  electrical  engineer. 
Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or 
more  than  five  ;  the  first  are  H.  B  Bpiller,  H.  Harrison  and  C.  W.  B.  Bridson  : 
solicitor,  J.  T.  Ooddard,  S-C,  Clement's  Inn,  W.C.  Begistered  office,  15.'>, 
Salisbury  House,  London  Wall,  E.C. 


OFFICIAL    RETURNS    OF    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


Varley  Magnet  Co.,  Ltd.— Particulars  of  £2,500  debentures, 

created  January  2l8t,  1913,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (8)  of  the  Companies' 
(Consolidaiion)  Act,  1908,  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being  £1,400. 
Property  charged  :  The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and 
future,  including  uncalled  capital.    No  trustees. 

Bryant  Trading  Syndicate,  Ltd.— Mortgage  debenture,  dated 

Januaiy  23rd,  1918,  to  s.  cuie  £5,000,  charged  on  company's  undertaking  and 
properly,  present  and  future.  Holder;  J.  T.  Bentley,  Doveroourt,  Essex. 
This  debenture  ranks  subject  to  debentures  already  issued  by  the  company  to 
Messrs.  Jagexrd  &  Oolding,  but  in  priority  to  the  dcbeuture  issued  to  C.  B. 
James  tor  £21,000. 

C.  H.  Hare&  Co.,  Ltd.— Present  capital  £16,000  in  £1  shares 

(8,000  pref.);  original  capital,  £12,000  in  £1  shares  (4.000  pref);  increased  to 
present  amount  February  26tb,  19112.  Beturn  dated  December  30lh,  1912; 
5,200  prpf.  and  8.000  ord.  shares  taken  up  ;  £1  per  share  called  up  on  5,200  pref. 
and  502  ord. :  £5,702  paid  ;  £7,498  considered  as  paid  on  remainder.  Mortgages 
and  charges :  £2,500. 

X.L.  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— Debenture  dated  January  15th,  1913, 

to  secure  £400,  charged  on  the  general  assets.  Holder:  Capt.  C.  Wiener 
Ewell. 


Vol.72.   No.  1,839, PBBBnAKT 21, 1013.1  THE    ELECTRICAXi    REVIEW. 


811 


Elpotrlclty    Snpply    Co.    for   Spain,    Ltd.— Particulars   of 

ilSSO.UOO  (UbiinttireH,  orufttud  Novomber  BOth,  1818,  and  bnvlng  tbo  b<-nrllt  o(  a 
trust  dxed  o(  ftame  dato,  nind  piimuanc  to  Boo.  OH  iBl  of  tho  Uompanlca'  (Con- 
nolldatinn)  Act,  1!HB,  Ihn  aninunl  of  tho  nroHcnt  laatio  bnloR  {li.UOii.  Property 
charged  :  The  oompany'n  iindortaklng  and  property,  InoIiidlnK  unralled  capital. 
TruBtees  :  A.  R.  MonkB,  123,  Ciuinon  Htreot,  E.G.,  and  C.  Bill,  8H,  Lendenhall 
Street,  B.C. 

Alfred  A.  SPcrelf,  Lid.— DcbrntureH  dntcd  Decnnber  Hint, 
lUI'J,  to  Boourct  XIOR  charKcd  on  tbo  uompany'H  undertaking  and  property, 
present  and  future.     Holder:  K.  W.  Lavein,  75,  Waddon  Koad,  Croydon. 

Itlnck])ooI,   SI.   AiiiKf's  nnd  TjyiliuDi  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. 

— I'artinuiRrs  of  X'JO.OOO  debi  nturcs.  crpated  by  rpsolutlonH  of  January  laih  and 
March  l»ih,  lUO.'i,  and  t'cotniber  33rd,  11)12.  Illod  purHUant  to  Suc.g»(:i)  of  tho 
Companies'  (ConHolidation)  Act,  1!)08,  thii  anjount  of  tbo  prcHcnt  iBsue 
being  £rt,00O.  Property  chiirRcd  :  Tho  conipany'H  undertaking  and  property, 
proHcnt  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.    No  truntocu. 

Sykos  &  Sllgden,  Ltd.— Morteaue  Hated  .fanuary  22nd,  1913> 
to  seouro  £TiO,  charged  on  leaRcbold  land  in  Spring  Place,  HudderaSeld,  with 
the  Ppring  Place  Works  thereon,  and  machinery,  ehafting.  4o.,  therein,  alao 
leasehold  land  in  Qcorge  Street,  Huddersfleld,  with  dwelling  house,  Ac, 
thereon.  Holders :  Huddersfleld  Kquitable  Permanent  Benefit  Building 
Society,  Huddorslleld. 

Filaments,  Ltd.— A  inemorandum  of  satisfaction  in  full  of 
debentures,  datod  February  11th  and  .Tanuary  Ist,  1910,  securing  .£330,  has 
been  filed, 

G.  H.  Turner  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Issue  on  January  28th,  1913, 
of  £100  debentures)  part  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have  already  been 
filed. 

Strode  Co.,  Ltd.— Particulars  of  £15,000  debfntures,  created 
January  30tb,  lUlS,  filed  pursuant  to  Seo.  9SJ  (3)  of  the  Companies'  (Con 
eolidation)  Act,  1908;  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being  £13,500. 
Property  charged  :  The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and 
future,  including  uncalled  capital.    No  trustees. 

l.T.C,  Ltd. — A  memorandum  of  satisfaction  to  the  extent  of 
£1,600  of  debentures,  dated  July  2Ctb,  1910,  securing  £8,000,  has  been  filed. 

New  System  Private  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.— A  memorandum 

of  satisfaction  to  the  extent  of  £1,000  on  January  8th,  1913,  of  debentures 
dated  January  7th,  1908,  securing  £.3,000,  has  been  filed. 

United  Electric  Car  Co.,  Ltd.  (formerly  Electric  Railway  and 

Tramway  Carriage  Works,  Ltd.)— A  memorandum  of  satisfaction  to  the  extent 
of  £20,000,  on  January  Ist,  1913,  of  mortgage  dated  NoTember  28th,  1901,  secur- 
ing £60,000,  has  been  filed, 

Magneta  Time  Co.,  Ltd.— Debenture  dated  February  3rd,  1913, 
to  secure  £500,  charged  on  the  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present 
and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.  Holder  :  M.  D.  Fox,  103,  Pbilbeaoh 
Gardens,  8.W. 

Amazon   Telegraph    Co.,    Ltd.  (44,.'532).— Capital,  ie250,000, 

in  £10  shares.  Kcturn  dated  Dfcember  2rd,  1912.  All  shares  taken  up. 
£250,000  paid.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  £295,800. 

Doufflas    Soiitliern    Electric   Tramways,    Ltd.   (45,701).— 

Capital,  £.50,000  in  30.0n0  pref.  and  20  OOO  ord.  shsrfs  .  f  £1  each.  Return  dated 
December  17th,  1912,  filed  January  8th,  1913.  25,973 pref.  and  16,472  ord.  shares 
taken  up.  .11  per  share  called  up  on  12,566  pref.  and  5,804  ord.  £18,370  paid. 
£  >S,076  considered  as  paid  on  13,407  pref.  and  9,668  ord.  Mortgages  and 
charges :  Nil, 

Costa  R'ca  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.  (56,447). 

—Capital,  £130.000  in  £1  sharps.  Return  dated  Januaiy  3rd,  1913.  All 
shares  taken  up.  £7  paid,  £129,993  considered  as  paid.  Mortgages  and 
charges:    £'267,700. 

Foster  Engineerinff  Co.,  Ltd.— Issue  on  February  7th,  1913, 
of  £2,000  debentures,  part  of  a  seriesof  which  particulars  have  already  been 
filed. 

Accumulator  Industries,  Ltd.  (t)7,l80).— Capital,  £40,000  in 

£1  shares.  Return  dated  January  11th,  1913;  37,006  shares  taken  up;  £1 
per  share  called  up  on  26,506 ;  £26,484  paid,  leaving  £22  in  arrears  ;  10,500  shares 
considered  as  fully  paid.     Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 

Electromobile'iCo.,  Ltd..— Issue  on  January  30th,  1913,  of 
£309  15s.  debentures,  part  of  a  series  of  which  jparticulars  have  already  been 
filed. 

James    Keith    ic    Blackman,  Co.,  Ltd.— Issue  on  February 

13tb,  1913,  of  £1  OOO  debentures,  part  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have 
already  been  filed. 

Foreign  and  Colonial  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd.— Charge  on  com- 
pany's undertaking,  property  and  rights  of  all  kirds,  dated  February  12tb, 
1919,  to  secure  £210,  Holder :  A,  B,  Reikelt,  Kenmore,  Highlands,  Bt, 
Leonards-on-Sea. 

Pontelec  Welding  Piitents,  Ltd.  (1U7,935).— Capital,  £30,000 

in  £1  shares  (20,000  ord.  and  10,000  pref.),  return  dated  January  2nd,  1918; 
20,000  ord.  and  5,000  pref,  shares  taken  up;  £5,000  paid  on  the  pref.,  £20,000 
considered  as  paid  on  the  ord.     Mortgages  and  charges,  £1,800. 


CITY    NOTES. 


/Jri/it/i  Klfrfnr  Traniformr.r  (u.,  /,^</.— Satlafactflry  reaalta. 
Available  balance,  £24,711  ;  roMirvo,  40,000:  prefnrnnce  dividend, 
£2,597  ;  10  per  cent.  diviil«nd  on  ordinary  Rbarca,  £7,H96  ;  direc- 
tor*' extra  romuneration,  £1,106  ;  carry  forward,  £1,117.  Mectioir, 
February  2Sth. 

ir,  T.  fffiihi/^  TAnjnijih  Workt  Co.,  /,/«/.  — Proflt,  £92,0C!l,  Wh 
fees,  debenture  iiiteroHt,  rlepr«ci*tion.  fcc,  £23.98(1  =  £0H,O83  + 
£3(i,8(;2  brouirht  forward  and  £1,011  liabama  Florida  iM-curitieii. 
Total,  £108,987.  Put  to  depreciation  of  pccuritien,  £1,219;  to 
reserve,  £15,000  ;  bonuH  diHtribntin);  Bahamo-H  Florida  fund,  £4  <)fJO  . 
preference  dividend,  £9,(ii)0  ;  dividend  on  ordinary  Hharen  (15  p«;r 
cent.),  £30,000  ;  carry  forward.  £45.017.     Meetinir,  February  28th. 

Para  Eloiilt  ic  Uailiruij.i  ami  Liijliliiiij  Co.,  Ijil.  Revenue,  leHH 
expenses,  £133,03>(.  Aftt^r  providing  for  intercut  and  Hinkinjf  fund, 
preference  dividend,  depreciation  (£  I.". OOij),  coii'in(fencie-<('4!  !5,<X»0). 
5  percent,  is  paid  on  ordinary  shareH,  and  i:9,870  carried  forward. 
OperatinjT  expenses  do.rcascd  ;  difficulties  overcome.  Meetinjf, 
February  28th. 

Tel  I'll  riijih  Conxtriictioii  and  Maintfnaiire  Co.,  Ltd. —  Net  profit 
£I09,(J19  -I-  £106,658  brought  forward  =  £216,277.  Interim 
dividend,  5  percent.,  £22,410;  further  dividend,  10 per  cent,  and 
bonus  of  123.  per  share,  require  £67,230;  reserve  fund,  £20,000; 
carry  forward,  £10t;,637.  General  bnsines.s  of  the  year  satisfactory. 
Meeting:  February  27th. 

London  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd. — Profit  £68, ''JO,  com- 
pared with  £61,412.  Available  after  debenture  interest  and  sinking; 
fund  £40,983.  Preference  dividend,  £26,9.52  ;  2J  per  cent,  on 
ordinary,  £8,325;  contingfencies,  £1,000;  carry  forward,  £4,706. 
New  reserve  fund  openetj  in  form  of  sinking  fund  account,  to 
receive  £12,000  annually  for  redeeming  debenture  stock  in  1931. 
Supply  for  traction  75  per  cent,  increase,  and  for  industrial 
purposes  26  per  cent.  ;  units  sold  advanced  from  20J  to  28i 
millions  ;  total  costs  reduced  by  20  per  cent.  To  meet  L.  B.  4:  S.  C. 
demand  new  capital  (£250,000)  will  have  to  be  raised.  Meeting', 
February  27th. 


Late  City  Kews. 

Just  as  we  are  going  to  press  there  has  arrived  a  batch  of  company 
reports,  from  which  we  extract  the  following.  The  full  reports 
will  be  referred  to  further  next  week  : — 

Bruce  Peebh.i  4'  Co.,  Zrrf.— Results  less  satisfactorily  than  1911. 
Adverse  balance,  £4,694.  Trading  seriously  affected  by  strikes  and 
consequent  disorganisation.  Prospects  now  better,  owing  to 
improving  prices  and  demand.     Meeting,  Edinburgh,  February  28th. 


Ufackay    Companies. — The    report    states    (says    the 

Financier),  that  the  profit  and  loss  account  for  the  past  year  shows 
the  following  results  :  Receipts. — Income  from  investment  in  other 
companies,  $4,136,009.  Disbursements. — Dividends  paid  on  the 
Mackay  Companies'  preferred  shares,  82,000,000  ;  dividends  paid  on 
the  common  shares,  §2,069,020  ;  operating  expense*,  S3 1,323  ; 
leaving  to  be  carried  forward  S3", 665.  The  most  notable  event 
of  the  year  in  connection  with  the  Mackay  Companies  is  an  inven- 
tion by  Mr.  John  Gott,  who  has  been  the  chief  engineer  of  the 
Commercial  Cable  Co.  since  its  organisation  in  1881.  He  has 
invented  a  device  by  which  the  Morse  dot-and-dash  signals  can  be 
used  on  long  submarine  cables — that  is  to  gay,  messages  can  be 
sent  by  the  ordinary  land  line  Morse  key  and  read  on  a  Morse 
sounder.  The  far-reaching  effect  of  this  invention  on  all  kinds  of 
telegraph  transmission,  both  by  land  and  sea,  cannot  at  this  time  be 
definitely  stated,  but  the  Commercial  Cable  Co.  believes  that,  by  this 
invention,  it  will  be  possible  to  transmit,  through  automatic 
repeaters,  telegraph  signals  around  the  world.  The  Commercial 
Cable  Co.  has  acquired  the  rights  to  this  invention,  and  has  taken 
out  patents  all  over  the  world. 

African  Trans-Continental  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. — 

The  liquidator  (Mr.  P.  J.  Baird),  presiding  at  a  meeting  held  at 
2,  London  Wall  Buildings,  B.C.,  on  13th  inst.,  referred  to  the 
impracticability  of  realising  an  undertaking  of  this  nature  by  sale 
in  the  ordinary  way.  There  were  matters  difficult  to  overcome 
consequent  upon  terms  arranged  for  the  extensions  into  Portuguese, 
Cierman,  and  other  territory.  They  hoped  that  present  negotiations 
with  the  Imperial  and  the  German  Governments  might  result  in 
the  adjustment  of  these  difficulties  and  the  continuation  of  the  ser- 
vice. They  were  now  waiting  for  the  reply  of  H.M.  Government 
to  proposals  submitted  last  October,  and  meanwhile  the  service  was 
being  continued  under  a  guarantee  by  the  British  South  Africa  Co. 
against  loss  on  working.  The  meeting  is  reported  in  the  Timcx 
of  February  14th,  from  which  we  gather  that  "  under  no  conceiv- 
able circumstances  "  will  there  be  any  return  to  the  shareholders 
"who  must    ....     write  off  their  shares  as  valueless." 

Continental.  —  8witzeelaxd.  —  La  Societe  Franco- 
Sui«se  pour  I'lndustrie  Electrique,  of  Geneva,  is  declaring  a  divi- 
dend of  5  per  cent,  for  the  last  financial  year,  as  compared  with 
only  44  per  cent,  in  the  preceding  12  months. 

HrNtiARY. — The  Felten  und  Guilleaume  Ungarische  Kabelfabrik 
Gesellschaft,  of  Budapest,  reports  a  profit  of  £20,64  7  for  the  last 
financial  year,  as  compared  with  only  £27,454  in  the  preceding 
12  months.  The  dividend  is  being  increased  from  16',  to  17J  per 
cent. 

Gateshead    and     District    Tramways     Co.  —  The 

directors  have  resolved  to  recommend  (subject  to  audit)  that  a  divi- 
dend at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum  be  paid  on  the  ordinary 
shares  for  the  half-year  ended  December  31st,  1912,  making  with 
the  interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per  annum  for  the 
half-year  ended  June  30th,  1912,  paid  on  September  20th  las'',  a 
total  of  6  per  cent,  for  the  year  1912,  and  that  in  addition  a  bonus 
of  1  per  cent,  be  paid  on  the  ordinary  shares.  The  annual  meeting 
is  called  for  March  13th. 

Stock  Exchange    Xotice. — Application  has  been  made 

to  the  Committee  to  allow  the  following  securities  to  be  quoted  in 
the  Official  List  :— Rio  de  Janeiro  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co., 
Ltd. — Further  issue  of  £53,000  5  per  cent.  50-ye&r  mortirage  bonds 
of  £100  each 


312 


THE     ELECTEICAL     REVIEW.    [Vol.  73.  *  No.  1,839,  February  81,  1913. 


German  Electrical  Companies. 

The  Deutxrhe  Ghhlam/n'ii  Fnhrik  of  Plaven,  which  was  formed  in 
lyiO,  with  a  share  catic»l  of  £100,000,  has  just  drcided  to  reduce 
the  capital  to  £.50,000.  At  the  same  time,  preference  shares  of 
from  &  1 2,500  to  £25  000  are  to  be  issued  to  provide  workintr  capital. 

The  Bir-fin  Elektromohd  A  G.  has  termiuated  the  financial  year 
191112  with  a  deficit  of  £149,000,  which  is  practically  the  name  as 
in  the  preceiline' year,  the  share  capital  bein?  £150,000.  When  the 
Halensee  depot  has  been  sold,  and  certain  actions  for  damages  have 
been  settled,  the  liquidation  can  be  closed.  The  depot  is  booked  at 
£37,000,  whilst  mortpaeres  of  the  same  amount  are  in  operation. 

The  JMio.i,  Elfhtrizltiits  A  O.,  of  Cologne,  the  liquidation  of  which 
is  occupying  several  years,  disposed  of  Roumanian  investments  at 
Braila  and  Bucharest  in  1911-12,  as  well  as  the  holding  in  the 
Altona-Blankene?e  Railway.  Further  payments  were  made  to 
Creditors,  and  the  debenture-holders  have  now  received  75i  per 
cent,  in  cash,  and  the  banks  80  per  cent.  An  interest  is  still  held 
in  two  supply  works  and  one  tramway.  The  deficit  remains  at 
£419,000,  as  in  1910-11. 

The  ^foore  Licht,  A.G.,  of  Berlin,  which  was  formed  in  1910,  and 
has  already  been  subject  to  one  scheme  of  financial  reconstruction, 
has  now  convened  an  extraordinary  meeting  to  consider  a  further 
reorganisation  in  view  of  the  fresh  lots  of  £13,000  incurred  in 
1911-12.  It  is  now  suggested  that  the  preference  and  ordinary 
share  capital  of  £70,000  should  be  reduced  to  £9,500,  and  that  a 
further  issue  of  preference  shares  of  £3.000,  having  a  prior  right 
over  existing  preference  capital,  should  be  made.  The  patents  for 
the  Moore  light  for  France  and  Belgium  are  to  be  sold. 

The  A. £.G.-Lu/niiei/er  Werke,  of  Fninkfnrt-on-Main,  which  took 
over  the  dynamo  works  of  the  Felten  &  Guilleaume  Co.  t;vo  years 
ago,  report  gross  profits  of  £35,500  for  1911-12.  After  meeting 
general  expenses  and  placing  £2,340  to  depreciation,  as  against 
£2,380  in  1910-11,  the  net  profits  are  returned  at  £31,900,  as  com- 
pared with  £28,800  in  the  six  months  forming  the  previous  and 
first  financial  year.  A  dividend  of  6  per  cent,  has  been  declared  on 
the  share  capital  of  £500,000,  this  being  the  same  rate  as  in 
1910-11  for  six  months. 

The  liquidation  of  E.  H.  Geint,  Elektrizitafs  A.G.,  of  Culognf,ie- 
porting  on  the  year  1911-12,  states  that  manufacturing  operations 
were  continued  until  January  1st,  1912.  when  the  works  were  taken 
over  by  the  Colonia  Electricity  Co.,  which  then  completed  the  un- 
filled orders  on  the  books.  The  accounts  show  gross  profits  of 
£9,600  in  1911-12,  as  compared  with  £7,200  in  the  previous  year, 
the  former  sura  being  absorbed  by  general  expenses  and  deprecia- 
tion. The  debit  balance  remains  at  £24,000  on  a  total  share  and 
loan  capital  of  £55,000.  It  is  stated  that  the  Colonia  Co.,  which 
was  granted  an  option  for  five  years  on  the  works,  plant  and  site, 
has  not  exercised  the  right  as  yet. 

The  Bergmann  Elehtrizitdts  U ntemekmungen  A  6.,  which  was 
formed  to  financially  promote  railway  construction  and  central 
stations  on  behalf  of  the  parent  company  (Bergmann  Electricity 
Works  Co.),  ha"*  closed  the  year  1911-12  with  afresh  loss,  which 
amounts  to  £17,000,  as  compared  with  a  loss  of  £15,000  in  1910-11. 
The  directors'  report  states  that  further  progress  was  made  in  the 
business  of  the  railway  department,  but  activity  in  the  central 
station  department  was  suspended,  and  the  work  restricted  to  the 
completion  of  the  undertakings  in  hand.  The  limitation  in  this 
direction  is  in  accordance  with  the  programme  decided  upon  some 
time  ago. 


.Hal her  &  Piatt,  Ltd. — The  directors'  report,  as 
abstracted  in  the  77 hc.?,  states  that  the  net  profits  for  1912,  after 
charging  depreciation  and  directors'  remuneration  and  expenses, 
amounted  to  £144,749.  The  directors  have  transferred  to  the 
works  removal  account  £30,000,  leaving  £114,749,  plus  the 
balance  brought  forward,  making  a  total  of  £147,506.  The 
directors  recommend  a  dividend  of  10  per  cent,  per  annum,  free  of 
tax,  on  the  ordinary  shares  (less  the  interim  dividend),  together 
with  a  bonus  of  2  per  cent,  free  of  tax,  and  propose  to  transfer  to 
reserve  account  £20,000,  and  to  carry  forward  £36,506.  The  large 
extensions  at  the  company's  Park  Works  referred  to  in  last  year's 
report  have  been  carried  out.  The  directors  do  not  anticipate  that 
any  further  allocation  from  profits  will  be  necessary  in  respect  of 
works  removal. 

Underfeed  Stoker  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors  (according 

to  the  Financier)  have  declared  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  2 J  per 
cent,  per  annum. 

City  of  London   Electric  Lijthtinff  Co.,  Ltd.— The 

directors  have  decided,  subject  to  completion  of  audit,  to  place 
£50,000  to  reserve,  and  to  recommend  dividends  of  12s.  per  share 
(at  the  full  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum)  on  the  preference  shares, 
and  16s.  per  share  (at  the  rate  of  8  per  cent,  per  annum)  on  the 
ordinary  sbares.  On  account  of  these  dividends,  6s.  per  preference 
share,  and  6s.  per  ordinary  share,  was  paid  in  September,  1912,  aud 
the  balance  remains  to  be  paid.  After  payment  of  the  dividends 
and  other  appropriation,  there  will  remain  about  £24,000  to  be 
carried  forward.  In  addition,  the  directors  have  also  decided  to 
recommend  a  bonus  of  2s.  per  ordinary  share  (less  income-tax)  out 
of  the  amount  standing  to  the  credit  of  the  dividend  equalisation 
fund. 

Metropolitan  Railway  Co. — At  an  extraordinary  general 
meeting,  held  on  12th  inst.,  the  proposal  to  acquire  the  G.N  and 
City  Railway  Co.'s  undertaking  was  approved  by  on  overwhelmuig 
majority. 


St.  James's  and  Pall  Mall  Electric  Light  Co.,  Ltd. 

Mr.  M.  R.  Pryor  ('-hairman)  presided  on  Tuesday  at   the  offices, 
Carnaby  Street,  S.W..  over  the  annual  meeting  of  this  compiny. 

In  moving  the  nd'iption  of  the  report  (see  Electrical  Review, 
page  270),  th«  Chairman  referred  with  regret  to  the  absence  of 
Mr.  Leaf,  the  chairman,  who  had  an  attack  of  influenza.  He  also 
asked  the  shareholders  to  join  with  the  board  in  sympathetic  regret 
at  the  death  of  Sir  J.  H.  Morris,  who  was  the  senior  member  of  the 
board.  They  would,  doubtle8.s,  know  that  Mr.  F.  J.  Walker  became 
the  mantgjrand  secretary  of  the  company  at  a  time  of  very  great 
anxiety,  and  it  was  due,  in  the  first  place,  to  his  efforts,  that  the 
present  situation  of  the  business— second  to  none,  he  ventured  to 
say,  for  soundness  and  success  amongst  the  electric  companies 
of  London — was  due.  The  board  had  considered  that  Mr. 
Walker's  exceptional  services  deserved  exceptional  recognition, 
and  they  had,  therefore,  invited  him  to  take  the  vacant 
Feat  on  the  board,  but  with  the  title  of  mana,?ing  dirfctor. 
They  had  "tppointed  him  to  the  post  for  a  period  of  five  years, 
during  which  he  would  not  be  subject  to  the  condition  of  retire- 
ment imposed  on  the  other  directors.  He  trusted  that  was 
entirely  in  accordance  with  the  shareholders'  wishes,  and  he  need 
hardly  say  he  looked  on  it  as  a  very  important  benefit  to  the  com- 
pany to  secure  the  services  of  Mr.  Walker  in  the  dual  capacity. 
On  reading  through  the  accounts,  they  must  have  been  struck 
with  the  similarity  they  showed  to  those  of  the  previous  year. 
The  sale  of  electric  current,  although  still  showing  the  effects  of 
the  metsllic-filament  lamp,  and  by  no  means  so  elastic  as  they 
could  have  hoped  it^would  have  been,  showed  some  improvement. 
Connections  lad  increased  by  no  less  than  634  KW.,  and  the 
units  sold  had  gone  ap  a  little  more  than  300,000.  The 
groFS  revenue  from  the  sale  of  current  had  increased  by  £2,300. 
There  had  been  an  almost  similar  increase  in  the  cost  of  generation, 
viz.,  £2,100,  and  the  ultimate  result  arising  from  various  differences 
too  small  to  call  attention  (o,  although  they  were  kf  pt  well  in  view 
by  the  board,  was  that  the  balance  available  for  dividend  was  £54 
less  than  last  year.  In  view  of  a  fact,  to  which  he  would  refer 
later,  this  result  was,  in  their  opinion,  very  satisfactory,  and  it  was 
a  good  deal  better  than  they  had  dared  venture  to  hope  for  a  year 
ago.  He  would  like  to  draw  attention  to  the  fact  that  this  did  not 
involve  any  difference  in  the  sums  put  aside  for  depreciation  and 
contingencies.  Last  year  the  chairman  told  them  they  had  in 
view  the  replacement  of  some  old  and  obsolete  units  at  Carnaby 
Street  station  by  new  transforming  generators  and  accumulators. 
They  had  steadily  pursuf  d  the  policy  of  keeping  the  station  uptodate, 
and  the  first  stage  in  the  improvenent  would  be  carried  out  in  the 
summer.  The  appearance  of  quietude  which  the  figures  seemed  to 
show  was  really  illusory.  The  outstanding  feature  of  the  year  was 
the  great  ccali-trike,  which  they  were  anticipating  when  they  last 
met,  and  the  storm  burst  a  fortnight  later.  Their  assurance  that 
they  had  made  sufficient  provision  for  any  period  of  time  over 
which  the  strike  cuuld  reasonably  be  expected  to  last  was  justified 
by  events,  and  the  store  they  had  accumulated  at  Grove  Road 
carried  them  through  without  the  necessity  of  stinting  the  supplies 
in  any  way,  a  result  of  which  they  ventured  to  feel  somewhat 
proud.  But  although  the  most  obvious  difficulty  was  thus 
averted  at  the  cost  of  continuous  vigilance  and  anxiety  on  the 
part  of  Mr.  Walker  and  Mr.  Dobson,  yet  the  strike  left 
a  legacy  in  the  shape  of  the  increased  cost  of  coal,  and  this  he 
feared  they  must  consider  permanent,  although  part  of  the  increase 
was  due  not  to  the  strike,  but  to  the  great  industrial  activity  which 
was  characteristic  of  the  past  year,  and  so  far  showed  no  sign  of 
decrease.  It  might  interest  them  to  know  that  the  cost  of  Midland 
bituminous  coal  which,  at  the  time  of  the  strike  was,  on  a  four 
years' average  lis.  4d.  a  ton,  rose  after  the  strike  to  14s.  9d.  per 
ton,  which  was  a  30  per  cent,  increase.  In  view  of  this  great  rise, 
it  reflected  the  highest  credit  on  their  engineer,  that  the  total  cost 
of  generation  had  not  increased  beyond  the  additional  revenue. 
This  had  been  done  by  increased  efficiency  at  Grove  Road  station, 
on  which  they  relied  for  the  whole  steady  load,  using  their  Carnaby 
Street  station  only  to  help  on  the  peak.  The  new  3,C00-KW.  turbo- 
generator, of  which  the  chairman  spoke  last  year,  had  proved  of 
inestimable  value,  and  they  had  to  take  into  serious  consideration 
on  the  board  of  the  Central  Co.  the  need  of  adding  more  plant  of 
a  like  character  before  long.  That  was  not  the  immediate  problem 
for  them  there,  but  he  mentioned  it  as  a  fresh  argument  for  theii 
policy  of  converting  Carnaby  Street  from  a  generating  to  a  trans- 
forming station.  In  the  absence  of  the  chairman,  he  hesitated 
to  analyse  the  accounts,  but  they  were  exceedingly  simple  and  did 
not  contain  any  points  on  which  he  could  advantageously  dwell. 

Mr.  B.  Fitch  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was  adopted. 

On  the  motion  for  the  re-election  of  the  retiring  directors,  pro- 
posed by  the  Chairman,  Mr.  W.  H.  Ash  and  Mr.  Patchell  coneratu- 
lated  the  board  on  having  elected  Mr.  Walker  to  his  new  position. 

Mr.  Bourn  proposed  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  chairman  and 
board,  and  also  to  Mr.  Dobson  and  the  engineering  staff. 

The  motion  was  carried,  and  the  Chairman,  in  reply,  heartily 
reciprocated  the  words  of  Mr.  Bourn  as  to  the  loyalty  and  hard 
work  of  Mr.  Dobson  and  his  staff. 

Mr.  Walker,  in  acknowledging  what  had  been  said  regarding 
himself,  remarked  that  he  fully  appreciated  the  high  compliment 
which  had  been  paid  him,  and  would  devote  the  same  care  and 
attention,  coupled  with  the  same  enthusiasm,  to  the  affairs  of  the 
company  as  in  the  past. 


Bournemouth  and  Poole   Electricity   Supply  Co,, 

Ltd.— The  directors  have  declared  a  final  dividend  on  the  ordinary 
shares  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum  for  the  half-year 
ended  Dec«mber,  making  6  p«r  aent.  for  the  year,  less  income-tax 


Vol.  72.  No.  1,831.,  i-Ki.KUAUY  '2\,  1913.]   THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


31:{ 


Hand   Itliiieti   Puwer  Mupply  Co. 

The  Si>uI/i  Afi-inm  Mnmiij  Joiiriml  contaiiiR  a  report  of  tlio   fourth 
aunual  inc«tiiiif  of  lhi»  ooiiipany,  ht^Ki  in  Jobuniuvbur(f  lunt  iiiontli. 
Mr.  F.  I).  P.  Chiipliu  proHided,  and  Haid  that  the  report  and  accountH 
showed  the  rapid  i)r.i|freiti)  which    the  company    hud    made   uince 
pntcriiiff  the   rovcnue-earnintf  Htajje,   and  indicated   that  there  was 
every  pronpect  of  a  oonHiderablo  (jrowth    in  the  company^  biminenH 
ia    the   immediato    future.       Notwithhtandinpf  the    fact  that  they 
were  Btill  partly  in  the  construction  statfc,   they  were  able  to  farn 
a  profit  of  cloMO  upon  a  quarter  of  a  million  during  the  financial 
year  ended  AuifUBt  iUst  IiiHt.      This  satisfactory  rcHult  would  have 
been  oven  better  but  for    the   unfortunate  breakdowns,  which  in- 
volved not  only  the  payment  of  penaltien,   but  also  a  considerable 
loss  of  revenue,  as  well  as  increased  expenditure  in   bringint(    the 
plant  ofcSLxn  into  commission.     The  company's  experience  in  regard 
to  breakdowns  appeared  to  be  one  which  was  inseparable  from  the 
entry  of  large  generating  units  into  commercial  service,  especially 
when,  as  in  this  case,  the  commencement  of  operations  was  accele- 
rated  on    account   of   urgent   and  increasing  demands   for  power 
before  sufHoient  reserve  plant  was  available.       However  carefully 
the  machine  was  designed  and  constructed,  reliability  could  only  be 
secured   through   experience   gained    in  actual  operation.      There 
could  be  no  question,  however,  that  the  policy  adopted  enabled  the 
company  to  derive  the  greatest  possible  advantage  in  the  shape  of 
revenue   from   the   full  output  of  the  plant,  and  at  the  same  time 
furthered  the  interests  of  the  consumers  by  the  provision  of  the 
available  supply  of   power  at  the  earliest  possible   date.     Adequate 
arrangements  had    been  made   for  the  extension  of  the  company's 
generating   stations    and   transmission   and    distribution    systems. 
Everything  possible  was  being  done  to  provide  a  tufficient  supply 
of  power  to  meet  notified  future  demands,  and,  provided  that  the 
manufacture  of  plant  and  the  progress  of  the  extension  works  were 
not  hampered  by  delays  due  to  strikes  in  Europe,  and  other  cautes, 
which  had  been    their    unfortunate  experience  in  the   past,    there 
was  every  reason  to  believe  that    the  company  would  soon  be  pro- 
vided with  the  full  complement  of  plant  and  equipment,  inclusive 
of  reserve  plant  necessary  to  meet  all  requirements.       After  the 
company  had  commenced  opeiations,  experience  soon  indicated  that 
there  were  several  defects  in  the  ag:reement  between  the  company 
and  the  Rand  Mines.  Ltd.,  which  would  have  to  be  remedied,  and 
certain  alterations  would  have  to  be  made  before  the  contract  could 
be  regarded  as  a  workable  instrument  and  satisfactory  to  the  parties 
concerned.     The  decision  to  draw  up  a  new  agreement  and  form  of 
contract  was  no  light  undertaking,  and  not  only  entailed  very  diffi- 
cult negotiations  between  the  representatives  of  the  board,  acting 
with  the  Victoria   Falls   and   Trant-vaal   Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  the 
representatives  of  the  Rand  Mines,  Ltd.,  but  also  involved  an  immense 
amount  of  labour  and  care  in  the  preparation  of  such  important 
documents.    This  new  contract,  although  not  yet  finally  agreed,  was 
now  in  the  hands  of  the  representatives  of  this   company  and  the 
Rand  Mines,  Ltd.,  in  London,  and  they  expected  very  shortly  to  hear 
that  the  document  has  been  completed.     As  the  result  of  the  very 
close  relations  which  had  been  found  to  exist  between  this  company 
and  the  Victoria  Falls  and  Transvaal  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  it  had  been 
thought  advisable  to  arrange  the  accounts  upon  a  basis  which  was 
not  originally  contemplated.     As  a  part  of  this  arrangement,  it  was 
found  advisable  that  one  firm  of  auditors  should  audit  the  accounts 
of  both  companies,  and  it  had  consequently  been  arranged,  in  order 
to  bring  this  about,  that  a  change  should  be  made  in  the  auditors  of 
this  company. 
The  report  and  accounts  were  adopted. 


Eiectrical  and  Indastrial  Investmeat  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  first  ordinary  general  meeting  of  this  company  was  held  on 
Monday  at  Electrical  Federation  Offices,  Kingsway,  W.C,  Mr.  C. 
Shirreff  Hilton,  the  deputy  chairman,  presiding  in  the  absence, 
abroad,  of  the  chairman,  Mr.  E.  Garcke. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  2H!<),  said  he  believed  the  shareholders 
would  consider  the  balance-  sheet  thoroughly  sound  and  satisfactory. 
During  the  seven  months  with  which  the  accounts  dealt,  they  had 
made  a  profit,  after  meeting  all  administration  expenses,  of  £1 1,325. 
That  profit  was  derived  from  interest  and  dividends  on  investments 
and  from  fees  and  commission  on  financial  services.  After  paying 
interest  on  the  debentures  and  t^e  dividend  on  the  preference 
shares,  there  remained  a  balance  of  £4,943.  Out  of  that  it  was 
proposed  to  write  off  the  whole  of  the  preliminary  expenses, 
amounting  to  £1,629,  and  to  carry  forward  the  balance  of  £3,314. 
There  would  have  been  no  difficulty  in  recommending  the  declara- 
tion of  a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares,  but  the  large  holders 
of  those  shares  agreed  with  the  directors  in  the  view  that  the 
better  course  was  to  strengthen  the  position  of  the  company  by 
building  up  a  large  carry-forward  in  the  eprly  history  of  the 
company's  career.  The  shareholders  could  well  afford  to  go  with- 
out a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  on  this  occasion,  because 
they  received  a  very  handsome  return  on  the  liquidation  of  _the 
City  of  Birmingham  Tramways  Co.  ;  and  they  were 
receiving  a  dividend  on  the  preference  shares  which 
they  held,  which  was  a  substantial  return  on  the  cash 
capital  they  had  invested.  Of  course  they  were  not  losing  the 
undivided  profits — they  were  still  there,  and  they  would  serve  to 
improve  the  value  of  the  ordinary  shares.  The  company  was  formed 
last  May,  to  take  over  the  investments  of  the  City  of  Birmingham 
Tramways,  Ltd.,  and  the  capital  was  subscribed  for  the  main  part 
by  shareholders  and  debenture-holders  of  that  company.  The  securi- 
ties which  they  took  over  amounted  to  over  £^04,669,  but  the  issued 


capital  of  thfl  company  amount«!d  to  £.iNl,80M,  «o  that  nwjtirlMeii 
to  iho  extent  u(  atnjul  x2.iJ,i)iii)  hu'l  tu  tw  realmed.  1  hut  surplut 
of  HecurilioH  was  repreneiited  by  iuventmcntu  wtiir;h  hod  r«,-<:ii  utmir. 
by  Iho  tru.-itceH  tor  tho  dvix;uture-boldurit  of  the  Cily  of  llir- 
uiini;ham  Truinway«, .  Lid.,  and  were  made  in  trustee  K-curitU* 
Tliu  nominal  value  of  thui^e  Hcouritieti  wuo  £2ll,4UO,  and  thny  bkd 
ooMt  tho  trUMtfjeo  £2l'.»,'.'Jl.  An  the  yield  on  tbone  ntcuriiie* 
was  only  3  4  per  cent.,  there  wim  no  advantaite  in  raining  capital 
for  tho  puriK)-e  of  holding  them,  and  they  were,  therefore,  realincd 
I'nfortunatcly,  gill-edged  ceouritieH  during  ihe  lant  few  yearn  bad 
suffered  seriouM  depreciation,  and  the  Iohw:h  HulTered  on  the  realwa- 
tion  of  those  stcurities  by  the  company  amounted  to  M,22,iliH,  or 
about  lUj  percent. of  the  capital  amount.  It  waa  well,  however,  that 
they  were  sold,  for  thone  high-claHS  securitien  had  undergone  a  Htill 
further  depreciation,  and  tho  Iuhhch  would  undoubtedly  have  b«en 
greater  had  they  been  retained.  The  loss  had  t>een  charged  OKainat 
the  reserve,  which  had  been  created  to  meet  depreciation.  A  part  of 
that  reserve  was  provided  by  the  old  company,  but  a  further 
addition  to  that  fund  had  been  made,  and  would  continue  to  \)e 
made,  by  adding  to  it  any  profit  which  the  company  haul  made, 
or  would  make,  by  the  realisation  of  inveatujeuts.  On 
the  other  huud,  any  loss  that  might  be  made  on  the 
realisaiion  of  investments  would  be  borne  by  that  reserve. 
By  dealing  with  profits  and  losses  in  that  way  they  hoped  to 
establish  the  company  in  a  strong  position.  Their  policy  waa  to 
keep  the  capital  account  distinct  trom  the  revenue  account,  and  to 
hold  all  investments  at  their  actual  oost— they  did  not  propose  to 
write  thtm  either  up  or  down.  The  pretent  investments  amounted 
to  £48."),H6«),  and  they  were  spread  over  179  lavestrnents.  Of  thosf 
the  larger  proportion  were  quoted  tecurities,  and  taking  them  at  the 
midale  price  at  December  31st,  and  taking  the  other  securities  at 
cost,  the  aggregate  value  was  more  than  the  net  figure  at  which 
they  stood  in  the  balance-sheet.  The  major  part  of  the  invest- 
ments—£261,000 — were  in  the  form  of  debentures  and  debenture 
stocks;  £126,000  were  in  preference  shares,  and  only  £86,000  in 
ordinary  shares.  The  board  had  special  facilities  which  enabled  them 
to  gauge  the  value  of  electrical  investments,  and  as  most  of  the 
investments  were  made  by  the  City  of  Birmingham  Tramways, 
Ltd.,  whose  powers  of  investment  were  limited  to  tramways  and 
kindred  securities,  a  large  number  were  in  electric  power  and 
traction  undertakings,  electric  lighting,  tramways  and  railways. 
It  was  desirable  that  they  should  raise  a  little  turther  capital  by 
the  issue  of  4i  per  cent,  debentures  so  as  to  reduce  the  average 
cost  of  their  capital,  and  as  opportunity  ofifered,  the  directors  prc^ 
posed  to  issue  further  debenture  stock. 

Mr.  J.  A.  Christie  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted. 


Kensington    and    Hniglitsbridge   Electric  Lighting 
Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  to  the  end  of  1912  shows  that  the  renewal  and 
reserve  fund  account  now  stands  at  £115,361,  being  an  increase  of 
£8,746.  After  providing  for  the  amount  placed  to  that  account, 
and  paying  the  dividends  on  the  6  per  cent,  first  preference  shares 
to  June  30th,  1912,  on  the  5  per  cent,  second  preference  shares  to 
September  30th,  1912,  and  an  interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of  8  per 
cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the  first  half  of  the 
year,  the  balance  standing  to  the  credit  of  the  net  revenue  account 
for  the  year  1912  is  £9,159.  Out  of  this  £1,500  has  been  appro- 
priated to  the  payment  of  the  first  preference  dividend  to  the  end 
of  the  year,  and  £625  has  to  be  set  aside  to  meet  the  portion  of  the 
dividend  on  the  second  preference  shares  accrued  to  the  same  date. 
It  is  proposed  to  pay  out  of  the  balance  of  £7.034  a  further 
dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent,  per 
annum,  for  the  past  half-year,  making,  with  the  interim  dividend 
paid  on  August  16th,  9  per  cent,  for  the  year.  This  will  leave  a 
balance  of  £1,784  to  be  carried  forward. 

The  meeting   is   called   for   February   27th.    at   148,    Brompton 
Road,  S.W. 


Crossley    Brothers,    Ltd. — The  directors   report  that 

for  the  year  ended  December,  1912,  the  amount  to  the  credit  of 
revenue  account  is  £56,322,  out  of  which  a  dividend  has  been  paid 
on  the  preference  shares,  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per  annum,  for 
the  first  half  of  the  year,  amounting  to  £10,085.  It  is  proposed  to 
pay  a  further  dividend  for  the  second  half  of  the  year  at  the  rate 
of  5  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  preference  shares  amounting  to 
£10,085,  and  to  carry  forward  £36,153.  The  decrease  in  profits  is 
due  to  the  serious  reduction  in  the  normal  output  caused  by  the 
prolonged  strikes  at  the  Openshaw  works  during  the  months  of 
January,  February,  and  September.  The  meeting  is  called  for 
February  25th,  at  Manchester. 

Chelsea  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors 

recommend  a  dividend  for  the  half  •  year  to  December  Slat, 
1912,  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary 
share  capital,  making  6  per  cent,  for  the  year  1912,  after 
paying  debenture  interest  and  placing  £13,626  to  depreciation 
fund,  £704  to  debenture  premium  redemption  fund,  writing  off 
£1,089  from  the  cost  of  extinction  of  founders'  shares,  £1.000  from 
oost  of  purchase  of  Cadcgan  Electric  Light  Co  .  and  £1,352  off  cost 
of  investments  ;  carrying  forward  £2,832,  subject  to  audit.  The 
dividend  is  the  same  as  for  1911,  and  will  be  payable  on  and  after 
March  15th. 


814 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [VoL72.  No.  1,839,  febbuaby  21,  ms. 


Westminster  Electric  Supply  Corporation.  Ltd. 

The  direotore' report  for  1912  shows  that  the  total  power  of  the 
lamps,  motors  and  apparatus  connected  to  the  company's  mains 
had  increased  from  3r),3S7  kw.  to  37,710  kw.  The  length  of  road- 
way in  which  contiauous-carrent  mains  have  been  laid  now 
exceeds  93  miles,  making  about  377  miles  of  ways,  into  which 
npwardj  of  280  miles  of  copper  (strip  and  cable)  have  been  drawn. 
In  addition  eis  miles  of  trunk  mains  (35  miles  of  ways)  are  laid  in 
the  company's  area  to  connect  the  stations  with  the  Central 
Electric  Supply  Co.'s  station  at  St.  John's  Wood.  An  interim 
dividend  at  the  rata  of  9  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary 
shares,  and  the  dividend  on  the  4  J  percent,  preference  shares,  for 
the  half-year  eadinp  June  30th.  1912,  have  been  distributed.  After 
allowing  for  depreciation,  sinking  fund  and  other  charges,  the  net 
balance  is  £17,810,  from  which  must  be  deducted  the  second  half- 
year's  dividend  on  the  preference  shares,  which  absorbed  £11,653, 
leayins:  £36,188.  Out  of  this  the  board  recommend  the  payment  of 
a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  1 1  per  cent,  per  annum,  less  inwme-tax, 
for  the  past  half-year,  making  10  per  cent,  for  the  year,  carrying 
forward  £7,703. 
The  meeting  is  called  for  February  2t)th. 


Units  sold 

Used  on  n-orke  lor  lighting,  meter  testine,  io. 

Total .. 

KW.  on  eircoit         


18,638,125 

496,376 

19,134,501 

37,710 


Liverpool  Overhead   Railway  Co. 

The  forty-ninth  half-yearly  general  meeting  was  held  on 
February  11th,  at  Liverpool,  Mr.  Harvey  C.  Woodward  presiding 
over  a  good  attendance. 

The  Chairman-,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  p.  233)  regretted  that  ill-health  had  com- 
pelled Sir  William  Forwood  to  resign  the  chairmanship  of  the 
company,  and  the  direstors  had  appointed  him  (Mr.  Woodward) 
to  fill  the  vacancy.  Sir  William  had  been  chairman  of  the  com- 
pany from  its  inception,  and  had  always  taken  the  keenest  interest 
in  its  successful  working.  His  colleagues  on  the  board  missed  his 
presence  greatly,  but  hoped  that  he  might  yet  be  able  to  take  some 
part  in  their  deliberations.  With  the  kind  assistance  of  his 
co-directors  and  the  faithful  co-operation  of  the  manager  and  staif, 
he  hoped  to  see  their  little  railway  steadily  improve  its  jwsition. 
The  directors  were  gratified  at  being  able  to  place  before  the  share- 
holders more  encouraging  accounts.  There  had  been  a  consider- 
able boom  in  the  trade  of  the  port,  in  which  that  railway  had 
fortunately  participated,  and  which  was  reflected  in  their 
increa'ed  earnings.  They  had  carried  during  the  half-year 
559,040  more  passengers,  which  yielded  an  increased  revenue 
of  £3245,  at  an  increased  expenditure  cf  £1,181.  He 
could  assure  the  shareholders  that  they  had  not  neglected  the 
up-keep  of  the  undertaking,  but  had  stfadfastly  adhered  to  their 
policy  of  maintaining  its  efficiency.  The  railway  had  now  been 
opened  20  years,  and  it  was  to-day  structurally  in  as  good  a  con- 
dition as  ever.  The  coal  strike  impoped  upon  them  the  necessity  of 
carrying  reserve  stocks  of  coal  ;  they  obtained  a  suitable  position 
near  their  generating  station,  where  they  had  stocked  a  good  supply. 
Their  traffics  were  keeping  up  well,  and  they  had  already  made 
three  records  this  year  in  the  number  of  the  cheap  workmen's 
return  tickets.  1 1  was  anticipated  that  his  Majesty  the  King  would 
open  the  new  Oladstone  Dock  at  Seaforth  in  July.  When  that  dock 
was  in  operation  many  of  the  big  liners  would,  no  doubt,  be  trans- 
ferred to  it  from  Canada  Dock,  and  that,  together  with  the  new 
repair  yard  of  Messrs.  Harland  &  Wolff,  adjacent  to  the  railway, 
should  increase  their  receipts  still  further  in  future.  The  traffic 
during  the  past  half-year  was  the  best  they  had  had  since  December, 
1900  (an  exceptional  year,  owing  to  tranBports  for  the  South 
African  war),  and,  taking  into  consideration  the  serious  competition 
which  they  had  encountered  since  that  date,  the  result  was  satisfac- 
tory. Bnt  he  did  not  wish  to  make  the  picture  too  rosy.  They 
were  still  exposed  to  keen  competition.  The  cost  of  fuel  and  all 
nf&terials  had  steadily  increased,  and  concessions  to  their  staff  were 
a  heavy  item  in  increacing  their  expenses  ;  while  the  Government, 
following  on  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  had  added  a  new 
burden  in  the  shape  of  "ickne-as  and  unemployment  insurance.  In 
the  face  of  these  obstacles  to  good  dividends,  their  earnings  per 
pa.s.oenger  tended  rather  to  diminish,  and  last  year  averaged  only 
rfi7d.  per  passenger,  against  r93d.  in  1904.  These  fractions  did 
not  convey  much  to  a  general  audience,  but  on  the  workmen's  cheap 
tickets  the  reduction  in  fares  practically  amounted  to  carrying 
fully  1,000,000  more  pasfengers  in  1912  than  in  1904  for  about  the 
same  return  in  actual  money,  and  they  could  only  rely  upon  increased 
traffic  for  further  improvement  in  their  receipts.  With  regard  to 
the  debenture  issue,  the  advance  in  the  Bank  of  England  rate  to 
5  per  cent.,  and  the  European  war,  rather  tended  to  hinder  its 
success,  but  they  succeeded  in  placing  nearly  three  fourths  of  it 
on  the  terms  of  the  prospectus.  They  had  still  a  few  thousands  to 
dlapose  of,  and  if  any  of  the  shareholders  or  their  friends  would 
like  a  good  home  investment  in  a  railway  earning  over  three  times 
the  Interest  on  its  debentures,  with  the  additional  guarantee  of  the 
Mersey  Dock  Board,  a  kind  of  security  that  they  could  sleep  over 
comfortably,  they  would  be  pleased  to  allot  their  requirements. 
The  directors  would  hold  one  meeting  a  year,  which  would  be  in 
February,  but  that  did  not  debar  them  from  paying  an  interim 
dividend  in  July  or  August,  when  they  considered  that  their  traffics 
ustified  that  being  done. 

Me.  J.  E.  ANDEU.SOS  seconded  the  adoption  of  the  report,  and  the 
motion  waa  carried  unanimously. 


Sontli  Hetropolltan  Electric  Light  and  Power 
Co.,  Ltd. 

The  report  of  the  directors  for  1912  states  that  the  revenue 
account  shows  a  credit  balance  of  £33,933,  which,  with  £3,0C7 
brought  forward,  makes  a  totil  of  £37,001.  After  deducting 
£12,423  for  interest  on  debenture  stock  paid  and  accrued,  and  for 
other  interest,  and  £6,504  for  interim  dividends  paid  on  the  prefer- 
ence shares,  there  remains  a  balance  of  £18,073  ;  out  of  this  there  is 
to  be  paid  a  final  dividend  upon  the  7  per  cent,  cumulative  first 
preference  shares,  requiring  £5,004  ;  a  final  dividend  upon  the 
6  per  cent,  cumulative  second  preference  shares,  absorbing  £1,600  ; 
there  is  placed  to  credit  of  depreciation  account  £4,000,  to  credit 
of  preliminary  expenses  £2,000,  to  credit  of  showroom  account 
£100,  and  the  balance  (£5,470)  is  to  be  carried  forward. 
The  following  figures  show  the  progress  of  the  business  : — 


Lamps  (35-watt). 

Connected 

at  end                 In- 

Con- 

Oro|» 

Expendi- 

Net 

of  year.             crease. 

sumers. 

revenue. 

ture. 

revenue 

1909 

.     191,302                18.674 

3,916 

£41,847 

£16,465 

£25,382 

1910 

,     208.046                16,741 

4,306 

44,1 87 

17,678 

27,t09 

1911 

.     230  191                32,145 

4,697 

61,614 

20,541 

31,072 

1912 

,     258.872                28.681 

6,263 

66,604 

22,670 

33,938 

The  new  consumers  and  lamps  connected  show  a  greater  increase 
than  in  any  previous  year,  and  the  company's  showroom  continues 
to  be  of  material  assistance  to  the  development  of  its  undertaking. 
During  the  year  the  plant  at  the  power  house  has  been  increased 
by  the  addition  of  one  1,500-kw.  turbine,  which  will  be  put  into 
service  shortly.  Further  connections  have  been  made  in  the  area 
of  the  West  Kent  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.  A  further  £20,000  H  per  cent, 
first  mortgage  debenture  stock  has  been  issued  during  the  year. 

The  meeting  is  called  for  February  26th  at  Winchester  Houfe, 
EC. 


City  of  Buenos  Ayres  Tramways  Co.  (1904),  Ltd. 

The  meeting  of  this  company  was  held  on  Thursday  last  week, 
at  Winchester  House,  EC.  Mr.  J.  Heaton,  in  proposing  the 
adoption  of  the  report,  said  that  it  was  in  precisely  the  same  form 
as  they  had  adopted  ever  since  their  fusion  with  the  Anglo- 
Argentine  Co.,  and  the  result  which  they  showed  was  even  more 
satisfactory  than  in  any  previous  year.  The  annuity  of  £70,660 
from  the  Anglo-Argentine  was  a  fixed  one.  and  had  been  duly 
received,  and  the  shareholders  had  received  the  three  quarterly 
dividends  up  to  September  30th  last.  Ever  since  the  fusion,  it  had 
been  a  great  satisfact.'on  to  him  as  chairman  of  the  company,  and 
as  a  director  of  the  Anglo-Argentine  Co.,  to  refer  to  the  increastd 
revenue  of  the  latter  undertaking.  For  the  year  1912  that  com- 
pany would  again  Khow  an  increased  revenue,  and  their  annuity  of 
£70,h60  would  be  the  first  charge  upon  a  sum,  roundly  speaking,  of 
a  million  sterling.  Their  amortisation  funds  had  been  fully  main- 
tained, but  for  the  past  year  they  had  been  able  to  increase  the 
amount  placed  to  the  general  amortisation  fund  to  £4,500,  as 
against  £3,650  for  1911.  He  explained  last  year  that  such  would 
be  the  case,  because  they  had  been  able  to  make  new  leases  of  their 
farm  property  at  figures  considerably  in  excess  of  the  former  rents. 
Mb.  E.  H.  Woods  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted. 

Cambridge  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  19J2  shows  that  during  the  year  1912 
there  have  been  connected  1 98  additional  consumers,  having  the 
equivalent  of  6,286  (30-watt)  lamps,  making  a  total  to  date  of 
82,580.  The  number  of  units  supplied  during  the  year  has  been 
810,703,  an  increase  of  110,116  units.  £3,279  has  been  tran.'ferred 
from  the  depreciation  account  for  the  purpose  of  writing  off  plant 
which  has  l>ecome  obsolete.  The  accounts  show  a  total  profit  for 
the  year  of  £10,172,  which,  added  to  £904  brought  forward  from 
1911,  makes  £11,076.  After  deducting  debenture  and  other  interest 
£1,927,  placing  £3,500  to  depreciation  fund  account,  there  remains 
a  balance  of  £5,649.  An  interim  dividend  of  2  per  cent.,  absorbing 
£1,696,  has  already  been  paid,  and  the  directors  recommend  the 
payment  of  a  further  dividend  of  3J  per  cent.,  making  6}  per  cent, 
for  the  year.  This  will  absorb  £2,968,  leaving  to  carry  forward 
£984.  The  directors  have  decided  to  issue  the  577  shares  shown 
in  the  accounts  as  the  balance  of  the  authorised  and  unissued 
capital.  They  will  be  in  the  first  instance  offered  to  the  existing 
shareholders  and  an  application  form  was  enclosed  with  the  report. 
The  premiums  will  be  added  to  the  depreciation  fund  account  or 
reserve  as  the  directors  may  determine  and  the  capital  paid  up  to 
reduction  of  the  bank  loan.  Dr.  P.  W.  Latham  htw  found  it 
necessary  to  resign  his  seat  on  the  board  owing  to  his  leaving 
Cambridge.  He  had  served  the  company  as  a  director  for  18  years. 
Mr.  S.  R.  Ginn  has  been  appointed  to  the  vacancy.  The  meeting: 
is  called  for  February  2Cth. 


.Metropolitan  Electric  Trannvays,  Ltd.— Au  extra- 
ordinary general  meeting  is  called  for  February  24th,  to  confirm 
the  resolution  passed  on  7th  inst.,  approving  of  the  new  Bill  now 
being  applied  for. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne  Electric  Supply  Co.— Dividend 

on  ordinary  shares  for  the  year,  5  per  cent.,  including^  2  per  cent        'i 
interim  paid  in  Jaly. 


Voi.7J.    No.  i,8:)y,  fkbudauy  21, 1913.]     THE    ELECTlllCAL    .HEVliiW. 


315 


Tjneslde  Tramways  and  TraiiiroadN  Co. 

Thi;  directors  report  that  for  the  half-year  ondinir  December  aint, 
11112,  the  BurpluH  of  recoiptB  over  expennoH  iw  £4,18(1,  pluB  £724 
brought  forward,  innkin(;  £r),210,  and  after  dcductiinr  intcreHt  on 
debentiircB,  loanH,  k<t.,  amountintf  to  £1,00(1,  ther(!  remainK  an 
available  balance  of  £1.201.  A  dividend  on  the  preference  hharcs 
at  the  rate  of  b  per  cent,  per  nnnuin  CIcbh  income-tax )  aliHorbit  £t>01  ; 
a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  t<hare«  at  the  rate  of  2i  per  cent,  per 
annum  (Icbh  incomotox)  (the  Bume  rate  bb  for  the  corrcspondin^ir 
half-year  of  I'JII),  requires  £1,(174  ;  there  Ib  to  be  placed  to  the 
credit  of  reserve  for  renewalB.  depreciation  and  other  contin(;encies, 
inoreasinif  it  to  £111,245,  £1,400  ;  writing  down  consols  to  £75  per 
cent,  absorba  £102,  leavinf?  to  be  carried  forward  £427.  The 
dividend  paid  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the  whole  year  is  an 
increase  of  J  per  cent,  as  compared  with  the  year  liUl.  The 
traffic  receipts  show  a  decrease  of  £51  as  compared  with  the 
oorrespondiDg  half-year  of  1911,  but  for  the  whole  year  there  is  an 
increase  of  £8Ii).  The  whole  of  thetrack,  overhead  line,  and  rolling 
stock,  has  been  kept  in  thorough  repair  out  of  revenue. 


Oar-iniles  iTyncsido  '1' ram  way  Co. 's  cars) 
Pnssengeta  oarriod  (Tynesidc  Tramway 

Oo  's  lines)        

Total  trafllc  receipts        

Gross  proOt 


1910. 
()97.218 

4,475.721 

£2a,087 

6,G7S 


1911. 
70r>,120 


1U12. 
717,067 


5,300,241     5,619.201 

i2fi  070      JE2(i,^H8 

8,87.';  9,466 


The  half-yearly  meeting  was  held  at  Newcastle-on-Tyne  on  11th 
inst.,  Db.  J.  Theo.  Mkbz,  who  presided,  said  that  the  traffic  receipts 
for  the  past  year  were  £26,888,  which  was  an  increase  on  the 
previous  year  of  £792.  That  increase  was  realised  in  the  first 
half  of  the  year,  for  there  had  been  a  decrease  during  the  second 
half,  owing  to  the  very  poor  holiday  traffic.  That  latter  item  was 
£174  less  than  in  the  previous  year.  Workmen's  traffic  showed  an 
increase  of  £200,  it  was  most  satisfactory,  however,  to  see  that  on 
the  whole  the  increase  was  on  the  ordinary  traffic.  There  was  an 
increase  in  the  mileage  run  mostly  on  workmen's  traffic,  which 
yielded  only  a  small  revenue,  and  also  on  some  experimental  ser- 
vices in  districts  where  the  local  authorities  had  asked  for  increased 
facilities.  Those  experiments  did  not  pay,  and  they  had  lost 
money  by  increasing  the  number  of  cars.  The  cost  per  mile  had 
gone  np  from  5'64d.  to  5'99d.  owing  to  repairs  to  lines  and  cars. 
The  repairs  to  lines  would  be  very  heavy,  but  that  expense  would 
be  met  out  of  the  reserve  fund,  upon'  which  they  had  not  yet  drawn. 
He  referred  to  the  dividends  recommended  in  the  report,  and  eaid 
that  2i  per  cent,  was  the  largest' they  had  paid.  As  to  the  current 
year,  it  had  opened  well,  the  receipts  being  slightly  more  than  in 
the  corresponding  period  of  last  year. 

Mk.  6.  B.  Henderson  8econde(!  the  adoption  of  the  report,  which 
was  agreed  to. 


City  and  Sooth  London  Railway  Co. 

The  fifty-seventh  ordinary  general  meeting  of  the  shareholders  of 
the  above  company  was  held  on  the  11th  inst.  at  the  offices,  71, 
Finsbnry  Pavement,  E.G.,  the  Right  Hon.  C.  B.  Stuart  Wortley, 
K.C.,  M.P.,  in  the  chair. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  232),  said  their  minds  were  all  occupied 
with  the  one  dominating  and  unprecedented  fact  that  the  passenger 
receipts  for  the  half-year  were  less  by  £6,522,  and  the  balance  to 
net  revenue  was  down  by  £6,812.  This  was  an  even  greater  fall 
than  he  anticipated  in  November  26th,  1912.  It  represented  the 
equivalent  of  a  diminution  in  dividend  on  the  ordinary  stock  for  the 
half-year  at  the  rate  of  more  than  i  per  cent.  It  was  an  effect  of  ' 
the  same  cause  as  that  which  he  had  in  mind  when,  a  year  ago,  he 
pointed  to  the  then  recent  amalgamation  between  omnibus  and 
railway  companies  as  an  example  of  an  arrangement  which  they 
ought  not  to  reject  should  it  be  offered  to  them.  Its  apprehended 
realisation  as  the  year  went  on,  was  what  made  them  enter  into  the 
negotiations  which  he  described  on  November  26th,  and  approve  the 
terms  that  on  that  day  they  advised  the  ordinary  stockholders  to 
accept  from  the  Underground  Railways  Co.  It  had  Ifd  to  their 
recommending  that  day  a  dividend  on  ordinary  stock  at  the  rate  of 
less  by  1  per  cent,  than  that  which  they  were  able  to  recommend  a 
year  ago.  All  these  facts  were  part  and  parcel  of  a  newly  emerged 
state  of  affairs,  which  began  to  affect  their  traffics  in  February, 
1912,  and  had  since  developed  into  a  serious  menace  to  their 
prosperity  as  a  passenger-carrying  industry — he  referred  to  the 
systematic  and  determined  increased  provision  of  motor-omnibus 
travelling  facilities.  He  knew  of  only  two  ways  in  which  they 
could  contend  with  an  adverse  influence  such  as  this.  They 
could  level  up  the  attractiveness  of  their  own  service,  so  as  to  outbid 
their  competitor,  or  they  could  come  to  terms  with  their  competitor 
in  such  a  way  as  to  make  him  a  partner  instead  of  an  enemy.  The 
board  claimed  that  the  arrangement  that  they  had  made  with  the 
Underground  Co.  combined  the  advantages  of  both  these  policies, 
and  that  the  application  to  Parliament,  which  they  recom- 
mended them  to  make,  was  a  necessary  part  of  the  necessary 
policy  of  improving  the  attractiveness  of  the  service.  The 
service  had  fallen  behind  in  the  race  for  public  favour 
because,  if  judged  by  modern  standards,  the  trains  did  not  go 
fast  enough  and  the  carriages  were  not  roomy  enough.  Had 
the  railway  been  built  in  1900,  instead  of  during  a  series  of 
years  endingf   with    1890,  the   tunnels  would  have  been   made  of 


11  ft.  6  In.  diameter,  iniitoad  of  10  ft.  6  in.     And  in  re«p«ct  of  rp««d, 
as  well  aH  of  other  fnctora,  higher  ntandarda  could  and   Mould  havf 
been  attoiiied.     The  chairman  entcrt'l   in  wjme  detail   into  the  cir 
cumHtunccH  that   hud   led    up   to  the    preaent  proponul'      Not  lon^ 
b<!for(!  the  apprehended  fall  in  their  trafflcH   l^orame  a  realiwd   f»/:t, 
a  big  combination  embracing  the  I>iHlrict  Railway,  the  three  We«t 
End    tnbee,    and    the    Lourton  (i«neral   OnmibuM  Co.,  had  juat  l»een 
brought  alx)ut  on  the  principle  of  replacing  cut  throat  (:omp«'lition 
by  cooperation  and  mutual  aHHihtance  in  the  service  of  the  public. 
An  offer  came  their  way,  which   they    thought   it  good   enough  Ui 
give  their  provisional  occt  ptiince  ;  ami  the  rcMult  had  Ix-en  that  it 
was  acc<'pte<l  liy  no  lees  than  9'.»  per  cent,  in  value  of  their  ordinary 
stockholders,  and   that  to  a  corre«iX)nding  extent  the  L'nderground 
Electric  Railways  Co.  of  London,  Ltd.,  were  at  this  moment  owneiH 
of  the  City  and  South   London   Railway.     That  great  orgBniaation 
was  now  to  that  great  extent  interested   in  seeing   to  it  that  their 
prosperity  chould  not  stagnate,  that  their  receipts  should  no  longer 
fall    away,    that   their    line   and   plant  should  be   uioderniKd  and 
improved,  and    that   they  should  be  linked  up  physically  with,  and 
made  comparable  in   respect   of  the  attractiveness  of  the   cervice 
they  would  offer,  with   the  more  modern  tube  railwayn  that  now 
ran   between    Ilampstead,    Ilighgate   and    Finsbury    Park    in    the 
north,  right  away  to  Hammeri-mith  in  the  west,  and  Elephant  and 
Castle     in     the     south.       They    would    perhaps    desire    him    to 
describe   and  justify  the  proposals  they  made  in  the  Bill,  which 
they  would  shortly  aek  them  to  approve,  rather  than  that  he  should 
make  a  second  speech  when  the  proceedings  of  the  ordinary  meeting 
were  over.  They  proposed  to  ask  Parliament  to  sanction  their  enlarg- 
ing their  tunnels  wherever  necessary  from  their  present  small  dia- 
meter to  that  of  1 1  ft.  6  in,,  which  was  approximately  the  diameter  of 
all  the  four  tube  railways  built  since  their  own.    They  proposed  also 
to  seek  power  to  equip  their  system  with  all  the  needful  rolling 
stock  ;  that  was  with  motors  of  the  desired  speed,  and  carriages  of 
the  desired  height  and  width,  to  bring  their  8ervit^e  into  line  as 
regarded  speed  and  quality  with  the  best  and  most  comiortable  of 
those  other  systems.    That  they  asked  for  power  to  do  with  capital 
moneys.      Wonderful  as  it  seemed,  their  consulting  engineers  told 
them  that   this  operation  of   reconstructing  the  tunnels   could  be 
carried   out  by  very  short  lengths  at  a  time  without  important 
interruptions  to  traffic.      Still,  they  thought  it  desirable  to   ask 
Parliament  to  protect  their  preference  stockholders  by  a  provision 
that  any  loss  of  dividend  to  them,  arising  from  whatever  cause, 
during  the  reconstruction  process,  might  be  made  good  to  them  out 
of  the  capital  moneys  to  be  raised  under  the  Bill.      The  authorised 
but  unissued  capital  that  they  had  power  to  raise  was  £1,150.000 
of  stock  or  shares,  and  £413,368  in  debenture  stock  or  other  form 
of    loan.      The  £1,150,000   of   stocks  or  shares    might  be  as  to 
£600,000  in  ordinary  stock,  and  as  to  £550,000  in  preference  stock. 
As  things   now  stood  under  their  existing  powers,  the  borrowing 
powers  could  not  be  exercised  to  any  amount  above  a  mere  £30,030, 
except  as  and  when  correspondirg  amounts  of   share  capital  had 
been  itsued  and  had  produced  in  money  not  less  than  50  per  cent,  of 
their  face  value.     At  the  preseat  market  price  of  the  orainary  stock 
it  would  be  impracticable  to  raise  noney  by  that  means.     Conse- 
quently in  the  opinion  of  the  board,  the  only  course  to  be  adopted 
was  to   raise  the  necessary   funds  by   the   issue  of  the  £550.000 
available  preference  stock,  which  would  rank  jxiri  pa.ssu  with  the 
existing  issued  preference  capital  under  the  Act  of  lliOS,  amounting 
to  £200,000.     The  issue  of  this  preference  stock  would  not  prejudice 
the  holders  of   the  preference  stock  issued  under  the  Acts  prior  to 
1903.     Parliament  would  be  asked  to  allow  them  unrestricted  power 
to   raise   the  whole    of    this   £413,363    of    loan    capital   without 
reference    to     the    price    or   amount     of     share    capital    issued. 
That    undoubtedly    meant    that   a   sum    of    £413,363    debenture 
stock   was    to    be    sought  to    be    issued    in    front    of    the    pre- 
ference stocks,  which,  but   for  the  special   power  sought,    could 
not  have  been  so  issued.      It  would  be  disrespectful  and  therefore 
impolitic  for  him  to  enter  fully  then,  and  by  anticipation,  upon  the 
facts  and  arguments  whereby  they  hoped  to  commend  to  Parlia- 
ment their  financial  as  well  as  their  other  proposals.  What  he  might 
do,  and  ought  to  do,  was  to  satisfy  their  preference  sttckholders  that 
it  was  to  their  interest  that  these  proposals  to  Parliament  shauld 
be  made.     He  submitted  to  them,  with  all  respect,  that  for  that 
purpose  little  could  be  needed  in  the  way  of  argument.     Were  they 
going  to  remain  in   all  respects   as  they  were  a  year   ago,  or  two 
years  ago  .'    They  might  object  to  taking  the  risks  of  adding  to 
prior  charges.     But  they  could  not  remain  as  they  were  then,  and 
they  did   not   stand   where  they   stood  then.     They  were  neither 
getting  the  same  traffic  nor  making  the  same  money.     Could  any- 
one doubt  that  it  was  better  to  rehabilitate  and  improve  in  gcod 
time  the  earning  power  of  the  system  so  as  to  make  it  such  as  the 
experience  of  other  systems  had   shown  to  be  remunerative  even 
against  surface  competition  .'     And  though  for  this  purpose  they 
had  to  put  in  front   of  them  an  added   interest  charge   of  some 
£16  500  a  year,  let  them  look  at  the  weekly  traffics,  not  only  as 
regarded  their  amounts,  but  as  regarded  also  their  movement  and 
tendency,  and  judge  whether  to  stay  as  they  were,  unimproved,  and 
with  shrinking  margins,  was  not  a  prospect   more  menacing  than 
that   presented  by   the   policy    they    offered,  namely,  that  of  two 
alternative  risks  they  should  take  the  one  which  instead  of  inertia 
and  stagnation   gave  them   that  adaptation  to  their  surroundings 
which  was  the  surest  condition   of  either  renewed   or  continued 
vitality.     Add  to  this  that  if  the  Underground  Co.,  as  the  owners 
of  the  ordinary  slot k,  were  interested  in   improving  the  dividend 
on  the  ordinary  strck,  they  were  a   fortiori  the  friends  and  pro- 
tectors of  the  preference  stockholders. 

Mr.  C.  S.  Grenfell  seconded  the  motion,  which,  after  a  short 
discussion,  was  adopted. 

Subsequently,  at  a  special  meeting,  the  Bills  to  which  the  chair- 
man referred  ta  his  speech,  were  approved. 


816 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.72.  No.  1,839,  FKBKDABTr  21, 1913. 


Equiv.  of 
8  c.r.  lamps. 

Profit. 

180.903 
189,«86 
199.156 
ail.838 

.£20,8.>g 
83  002 
83.657 
a4.48r> 

dotting  mil  Electric  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  that  dnrinfir  the  year  ended  December,  1912, 
the  expenditure  on  capital  account  was  increased  by  £2.201  to 
*249,608,  and  it  now  exceeds  the  receipts  by  £40,255.  The  cost  of 
the  joint  station  at  Wood  Lane  to  date  has  amounted  to  £224,340. 
and  joint  debenture  stock  amounting  to  £227,500  has  been  issued. 
This  stock  is  subject  to  cumulative  sinking  funds,  which  now 
amount  to  £52,r)07  invested  in  trustee  securities.  The  following 
table  shows  the  progress  of  the  company  : — 


1909        . . 
1910 
1911 
1918 

The  number  of  consumers  is  now  3,771,  and,  with  the  exception 
of  31,  they  are  supplied  at  200  volts.  The  gross  revenue  for  the  year 
was  £14,780.  an  increase  of  £1,721.  From  the  available  net  profit 
of  £2.5,055,  there  have  to  be  deducted  the  following  : — Depreciation, 
renewal  and  reserve  fund,  £3,000;  debenture  and  other  interest, 
£2.424  ;  Kensington  and  Notting  Hill  joint  debenture  stock — 
interest,  £2,439  ;  sinking  funds,  £1,473  ;  to  be  distributtd  to  staff 
under  copartnership  scheme,  £286  ;  leaving  a  balance  available 
for  dividend  of  £15,433.  Both  classes  of  6  per  cent,  preference 
shares  have  already  received  their  full  dividend,  which  absorbs 
£8,136,  and  leaves  a  balance  of  £7,297  available  for  dividend  on 
the  ordinary  shares.  The  directors,  therefore,  recommend  the  pay- 
ment of  a  dividend  of  58.  per  share,  less  tax  on  the  ordinary  shares, 
absorbing  £6,368.  The  balance  carried  forward  is  £929,  compared 
with  £619  in  1911.  The  scheme  of  co-partnership  with  the  com- 
pany's staff,  foreshadowed  by  the  chairman  at  the  last  general 
meeting,  was  brought  into  operation  during  the  year.  Under  this 
scheme,  as  shown  above,  £286  will  be  distributed  to  the  staff,  being 
an  addition  of  8  per  cent,  to  their  wages. 


Unite  generated  and  purchaeed        

Units  sold— Public  lamps         

Private  consumers  by  meter       

Total  sold 

Units  used  o-'  works 

Total  accounted  for  

Expended  in  distribution  transformers  and  aooomolatorB 

Public  lamps  

Total  maximum  supply  demanded 


8,841.191 

108968 

8.878,466 

3,482.414 

S6  933 

3,509,336 

831,855 

63 

1.631  KW. 


Newcastle  and  District  Electric  Lighting  (o.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ending  December  3l8t, 
1912,  states  that  the  number  of  units  sold  was  14,789,149  as 
against  13,599,294  sold  in  1911,  being  an  increase  of  8  75  per 
cent.  The  result  of  the  year's  working  was — Gross  profit  of 
£27,933,  plus  £9,898  brought  forward,  making  £37,831,  less 
interest  on  4i  per  cent,  first  debenture  stock,  6  per  cent,  second 
mortgage  debentures,  temporary  loans,  kc,  £14,965;  directors', 
trustees',  and  auditors'  fees,  income-tax,  leasehold  redemption 
fund,  iic,  £1,471;  leaving  £21,395,  less  interim  dividend  paid 
August  16th,  1912,  £4,199  ;  leaving  an  available  balance  of 
£17,195.  Out  of  this  there  is  to  be  paid  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  3  per 
cent,  per  annum  (less  income-tax)  for  the  half-year  ended 
December  3 1st  last  (making,  with  the  interim  dividend  paid  in  August, 
3  per  cent,  for  the  year).  £4,200;  £1,900  is  to  be  transferred  to 
pecond  mortgage  debenture  redemption  fund;  writing  off  second 
debenture  issue  expenses  absorbs  £400,  transfer  to  reserve  fund 
£2.000,  and  £8,695  is  to  be  carried  forward.  The  profits  for  the 
year  have  been  affected  by  the  National  Coal  Miners'  strike  and 
other  labour  troubles,  but  notwithstanding  this  the  gross  receipts 
have  inoreastd.  Contracts  for  the  supply  of  coal  over  the  whole  of 
the  present  year  were  made  before  the  great  rise  in  the  price  took 
place,  and  the  directors  do  not  anticipate  that  the  total  expenditure 
pjr  unit  under  this  head  will  be  greater  than  for  1912.  Work  is  pro- 
ceeding in  connection  with  the  Newbum  Tramways,  and  they  will 
hi  open  for  traffic  in  May.  The  company  under  an  agreement 
made  with  the  Corporation  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  will  supply  all 
the  electrical  energy  required  for  working  the  cars  for  a  period  of 
ten  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  negotiations  may  be  entered 
into  for  renewing  the  contract.  In  the  early  part  of  last  year 
£  1 50,000  6  per  cent,  second  mortgage  debentures  were  offered  to 
the  public,  and  practically  the  whole  of  this  amount  was  taken  up  ; 
£2,000  of  these  debentures  have  been  redeemed.  The  whole  of  the 
property  owned  by  the  company,  including  plant,  machinery, 
mains,  Sic,  has  been  maintained  in  a  high  state  of  efficiency 
out  of  revenue  during  the  year.  Reference  is  made  to  the  death  of 
Mr.  James  Patterson,  who  had  been  secretary  of  the  company  since 
its  inception.     The  meeting  is  to  be  held  to-day  (Friday). 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tuesday  Evening. 

The  Stock  Exchange  markets  have  been  steeped  in  gloom  and 
depres-ion.  At  the  root  of  the  troubles  lies  the  tightness  of  money 
—due  in  no  small  degree  to  the  prosperity  of  the  country,  so  that 
we  are  presented  with  the  anomaly  of  excellent  trade  playing 
havoc  with  aecuritiea  of  all  kinds  in  the  stock  markets.     Amongst 


the  issues  with  which  we  deal,  the  most  noticeable  are  those  In 
the  Mexican  group,  substantial  falls  having  taken  place  in  nearly 
everything  connected  with  that  country.  The  shares  and  bonds  of 
the  utility  undertakings  in  Mexico  have  been  affected  even  more 
than  the  rest. 

The  slump  lowered  Mexican  Light  and  Power  descriptions  verj 
materially,  the  Company's  first  mortgage  bonds  shed  no  less  than 
.'i  points,  while  the  seconds  dropped  about  as  much  to  81  J.  The 
Common  stock  is  3  down  on  the  week,  and  the  Preferred  4i.  The 
great  fear,  of  course,  is  lest  the  revolutionaries — or  the  Federals, 
for  that  matter— may  blow  up  the  Company's  stations,  either  by 
design  or  accident.  The  street  fighting  is  also  responsible  for  a 
fall  of  4  points  in  Mexico  Tramway  Common  shares,  this  Company's 
bonds  of  both  classes  being  down  about  3  points  each.  These 
movements,  of  course,  follow  upon  earlier  falls,  and  the  decline 
bince  the  beginning  of  the  year  is  now  assuming  serious  pro- 
portions. 

Going  back  a  couple  of  months,  it  may  be  recalled  that  Mexico 
Trams  stood  at  110,  against  the  present  price  of  106i.  Mexican 
Light  and  Power  Common  were  84-},  and  now  are  79,  the  first 
Mortgage  bonds  being  96  against  the  current  quotation  of  90J. 
The  flatness  has  spread  to  Monterey  Fives,  which  are  down  3 ; 
while  Pachnca  bonds  are  dull  at  91 J — the  latter  guaranteed,  of 
course,  by  the  Mexican  Light  and  Power  Company.  The  various 
trust  and  financial  undertakings  which  in  normal  times  can  be 
depended  upon  to  support  the  market  by  taking  bonds  such  as 
those  of  the  Mexican  utility  companies  are  holding  their  hand  in 
view  of  the  state  of  the  country  ;  and  individual  holders,  more  or 
less  alarmed  by  the  outlook,  have  been  persistent  sellers  during  the 
past  two  or  three  weeks.  No  doubt  the  sanest  view  to  take  is  that 
the  revolution  is  bound  to  come  to  an  end  before  long,  and  that  as 
the  utility  companies  have  excellent  businesses,  their  re  establish- 
ment will  naturally  follow,  so  that  the  position  of  the  first  mort- 
gage bondholders  should  be  tolerably  secure.  But  it  is  not  surprising 
that  the  proprietors  of  the  junior  stocks  should  feel  uncomfortable, 
and  it  is  to  be  devoutly  hoped  that  the  turmoil  wifl  be  appeased  as 
rapidly  as  permanently. 

Other  Latin-Canadian  shares  and  bonds  have8nff<>red  in  sympathy 
with  the  Mexican  slump.  Shawinigan  Water,  and  Montreal  Light, 
Heat  and  Power,  for  instance,  are  as  much  as  6  and  7  points  down 
respectively.  Kaministicjuia  bonds  are  i  lower.  Rio  Trams  First 
Mortgage  and  Sao  Paulo  Trams  First  Debenture  have  given  way 
1  and  i  respectively.  British  Columbia  Railway  issues  are  weaker. 
BrazU  Traction  Ordinary  lost  1 J  on  top  of  their  fall  last  week. 

Notwithstanding  this  welter  of  weakness,  a  few  exceptions  stand 
out  which  redeem  the  list  from  being  entirely  one  way.  For  instance, 
Winnipeg  4i  per  cent.  Debenture  is  i  higher ;  Perth  Debenture 
improved  to  the  same  extent ;  West  Kootenay  Sixes  are  1  up.  The 
improvements,  however,  certainly  require  a  good  deal  of  searching 
for,  the  market,  as  a  whole,  t)eing  very  unstable. 

English  Electricity  Supply  shares  are  upheld  by  the  declarations 
of  their  dividends,  and  the  City  of  London  announcement,  with 
its  bonus  on  the  Ordinary  shares,  caused  the  price  to  gain  another 
lOs.,  bringing  it  up  to  ISj.  Kensington  are  better  at  8  middle,  and 
there  has  been  some  inquiry  for  certain  of  the  Preference  shares, 
in  the  course  of  which  Metropolitan  Preference  and  St.  James' 
Preference  both  gained  fractions.  The  market,  as  a  whole,  is 
steady,  without  much  interest  being  displayed  by  the  public  ;  and 
not  even  the  fogs  of  last  week  caused  so  much  as  a  ripple  of 
bullishness  amongst  the  price  list. 

Home  Rails  have  been  fiat ;  from  North- Westerns  to  East  Londons 
the  dismal  tale  was  repeated  day  by  day,  the  foreign  outlook  and 
the  tightness  of  money  combining  to  make  these  stocks  a  target  for 
bear  attacks  at  the  same  time  that  the  tired  bulls  were  closing 
their  commitments.  The  Undergrounds  have  suffered  with  the 
rest.  The  Central  London  trio,  (v  dividend,  show  comparatively 
small  falls,  but  City  and  South  London  Preferencef,  also  cr  their 
2}  per  cent,  dividends,  were  marked  down  5,  showing  a  drop  of  2i 
on  balance.  Metropolitans  have  fallen  sharply,  but  Great  Northern 
and  City  Preferred  Ordinary  braced  up  to  2^  on  the  ratification  of 
the  agreement  by  the  Metropolitan  to  take  over  the  line.  Districts 
went  back  below  40,  and  there  has  been  a  sharp  drop  in  Under- 
ground Electric  Railways  Ordinary  shares,  while  the  company's  Is. 
shares  also  gave  way.  These  falls  were  associated  with  the  issue  of 
the  report,  which,  as  we  were  remarking  last  week,  was  considered 
rather  disappointing.  It  seems  to  show  that  the  payment  of 
dividends  on  the  Ordinary  and  the  "  A  "  shares  is  still  some  way 
off  ;  and  holders  who  have  been  lookin"?  for  news  as  to  a  probable 
distribution  in  the  near  future  are  inclined  to  wonder  whether  this 
will  be  made  as  soon  as  they  had  expected. 

The  Telegraph  market  is  amongst  the  few  to  resist  the  flat 
tendency  noticeable  elsewhere.  Rises  have  taken  place  in  Anglo- 
American  Ordinary,  Commercial  Cable  Debenture,  Eastern  Tele- 
graph Ordinary,  Eastern  Extension  Debenture,  Globe  Ordinary, 
Great  Northerns,  and  Western  Telegraph  Debenture — a  highly 
satisfactory  list,  having  regard  to  the  weakness  in  the  rest  of  the 
markets.  Amongst  the  few  declines  which  have  taken  place,  there 
is  one  of  -^  in  West  India  and  Panama,  which,  of  course,  are  held 
by  a  speculative  division  ;  while  Direct  Spanish  Preference  eased 
off  to  6J.  The  Telegr»ph  market  is  steady,  without  special  feature. 
As  the  books  of  the  National  Telephone  close  finally  on  the  25lh 
inst.,  dealings  are  now  transactel  either  for  cash  or  for  settlement 
when  the  ullimate  aw.-ird  is  made  ;  aiid.  obviously,  there  is  not 
much  temptation  to  gamble  in  the  fctock  in  these  circumhtances. 

The  Manufacturing  group  has  been  distinguished  by  a  ri^e  of 
three-eighths  in  British  Insulated  and  llelsby  Cable  shares,  which 
carried  the  price  to  8J  middle.  The  greater  part  of  this  improve- 
ment, however,  was  subsequently  lost.  Telegraph  Constructions 
are  £1  better,  and  the  rest  of  the  shares  in  this  group  are  quietly 
firm. 


Vol.72.  No.  1,839, FBBBtTABT 31, 1918.]    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


817 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELEOTRIOAL     COMPANIES. 


Boarnemoatb  ft  Poole,  Otd.    . . 

Do.    44%Pref 

Do.    Booond  fl  %  Pre!, 

Do.    4i%  Dob.  Btook.. 
Brampton  i  Eooslngton,  Ord... 

Do.    T  %  Cum.  Pref 

Oenlral  Eleotrio  Bnpply,  4  %) 

Cfaar.  Deb.  / 

OhtrlDg  OrosB,  Went  End  St.  City 

Do.    4J%0um.  Pr6t 

Do.     "  6ily     Undertaking " ) 
4i  %  Com.  Pref.  / 

Do.         Do.  4%  Deb... 
OhelseB,  Ord 

Do.    «%Deb 

Olty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Cnm.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Deb 

Do.    4i  %  Second  Deb. 
Oonnty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    4j%Deb 

Do.    4)  %  Second  Deb. 
Edmnndson'e,  Ord.  ..        ., 

Do.    6  %  Oum.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Non-Cam.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    44%  FlrBl  Mort.  Deb,  .. 
Folkestone 

Do.    6%  Cnm.  Pref 

Do.    ii%riralDeb 

BOT* .. 


ENGLISH    ELECTEICITT   SUPPLY   AND  POWEB   COMPANIES. 


10 

10 

10 

Block 


100 

6 

Stock 

10 

10 

Stock 

100 

10 

10 

Stock 

Stock 

£3 

6 


DiTldendH 
for 


»^ 


Cloning 
Qnotattong 
l''rli.  ISth. 


M—  104 

8{-    fll|Xd 

!l}-  lOj  xil 
01".  —  118 

8J-    94 

84—    9 
9C  —  98 

48—    64 

48-    4Jxd 

Si-    *i 

92  —  94 
*i-    6i 

BC  —  39 

17i-     19 

194-  ISJ 
IK,  —120 
lOO  -102 

1U-  12 

11  a-  124 
104  -106 

98  —101 

n~  li 

62  -.  85 

48-    64 

4-  64 
90-92 

74-    8 


Rlie 

+  or 
Fkll 


PreienI 
Yield 

P.O. 


M  1.  d. 

6  4  0 
4  14    9 

6  17  I 
4  11  10 
ACS 
a  17  » 
4    1     8 

4  17  7 
4  14  9 
6  a  10 
4  6  1 
4  15  8 
4  10  11 


4  19    9 
4    4  11 


6  6  11 
6  17  1 
4  17  7 
4  17  10 
6  12    6 


Kenilngton  ft  Enlgblabrldge,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  Eleo,  Poner,  44  %  Deb.  .. 
London  Electric,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    4  %  FlrBl  Mort.  Deb.    .. 
Metropolitan         

Do.    4i  %  Cam.  Pref 

Do.    44  %  FIrel  Mort.  Deb, . . 

Do.    84%  Mori.  Deb 

Midland  Electric  Corporation  I 

44  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  / 

NawcBstle-on-Tyne  6  %  Pref.,  I 

Non-Cam.  f  I 
North  Metropolitan  Power  Sap- 1 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  I  i 
Hotting    Hill,    6  %  Non-Cum.  1 
Pref./ 

Oxford  

81.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.     7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Smitbfleld  Markets,  Ord, 
South  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  First  Mort.  Deb,    .. 
South  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref.. , 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Drban,  Ord 

Do.    5  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    44  %  First  Mori,  Deb. . . 
Westminster,  Ord,  ..        ,, 

Do.    44%  Oum,  Pref 


Biook 

DlTtdendi 

Qbare. 

for 

. 

1911 

ina. 

6 

9 

s\ 

fliook 

4 

4 

Stock 
8 

SI 

44 

S 

6 

6 

Block 

4 

4 

6 

4 

4t 

6 

4 

44 

Block 

4    '     4{ 

Htook 

» ,  m 

100 

4 

44 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

10 

8 

6 

5 

1i 

6t 

6 

10 

10» 

6 

1  ;  T  1 

100 

84       B4 

6 

9 

2 

4 

6 

100 

6 

6 

1 

7 

T 

100 

44 

44 

£3 

Nil  ...     1 

6 

9 

I 

100 
6 

iS* 

Jt 

6 

44 

44 

Oloflof 

RIm' 

Qoolalloni 

•f  or 

Feb.  18tb. 

FiUI, 

n-  »J 

+  4 

90-98 

78-80 

14-    a 

6-    U 

m  —  n 

r  J. 

+"4 

97  -ICO 

84-86 

98-101 

4|-    *l 

.. 

994-1034 

91-lOi 

H-    !»» 

..    1 

7-74 

*■  *  1 

84-87 

i-   14  xd 

..    ' 

n-  a* 

97  -100 

14-   li 

96-99 

all  81 

844-    874 

-4 

r-n 

Yield 
P.O. 


4  1.  d. 

6    S  1 

4    8  0 

t  13  6 

a  15  0 

6  11  7 

4    7  0 
SCO 

4  17  4 

4  10  0 

1  6 

8  1 

til 


6  11     7 

6  9  8 
a  8  11 
4  13    4 

4     0    6 


6    8 

1 

5    0 

0 

fi  13 

0 

4  11 

8 

6  '3 

10 

6    8 

1 

4     6 

B 

COLONLiL   AND   FOREIGN   ELECTRICITY   SUPPLY   AND   POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pret 

Oalootta,  Ord 

Do.    5%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  Ist  Mort,  Bds. 
Canadian  Oen.  El.  Com. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Oordoba  Lt.,  Power  andT.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Bleo.  LI.  and  P.  of  Ooohabamba, ) 

6  %  Bonds  r 

Bleo,  Sapply  Victoria,  6  %  1st ) 

Mort.  Deb.  f 

Bleo.  Dot.  Ontario,  6   %    1st) 

Mort.  Bonds ) 

Kalgoorlle  Eleo.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Kamlnlstiqnla  Power,  6%  Q.  Ba. 

Madras,  Ord 

Melbourne,  6  %  lit  Mort.  Deb, 
Mexican  El.  Lt^6%  1st  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt.  ft  Power,  Common 

Do.    7  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  let  Mort,  Qold  Bds, 


6 
6 

6 

8* 

8 

7t 

r  ?f 

6 

6 

6 

m-  ^\ 

100 

6 

b 

92  -  94 

8100 

7 

7 

116  -120 

$100 

7 

7 

120  —124 

1 

100 

8 
5 

5 
6 

9?l9t^ 

100 

6 

6 

93  —  95 

100 

6 

5 

90  —  93 

$600 

6 

6 

954-  974 

10/. 

1 

Nil 
6 

6 

1=      t 

$600 

6 

6 

IO14-IOSI 

-  4 

6 

Nil 

li-   i| 

100 

6 

6 

101  —104 

6 

6 

79  —  83 

-44 

$100 

4 

4f 

77  -  81 

-3 

$100 

7 

7 

100  —105 

-44 

6 

C 

89  -  92 

-5 

6  19 
4  16 
6  6 
6  10 
6  IS 


5    7 

5  9 
Nil 

9  15 
4  16 

4  ie 

6  0 

4  18 
6  13 


Monterey  Bly.  Light  ft  Power, ) 

e  %  1st  Mort.  Deb.  I 

Montreal,  Lt.,  B.  and  Power  . . 

Northern.  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal,  I 

6  %  let  Mort.  Bonds  j 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Roy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  I 

Ist  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Shawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per.  Deb, 


Toronto  Power,  4*  %  Deb. 

"  „  P.  and  T.,  6  %  ) 
1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 


Vera  Cruz  Lt., 


Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 

West  Kootenay  Power  and  Lt.,  ] 

Ist  Mort.  6  %  Qold  J 


too 

$100 

$500 

Stock 
Do. 
Do. 

100 
$100 
$600 
Stock 

Do. 

100 
1 

100 


6 

6 

8 

9t 

6 

5a 

10 
6 
6 

6 

e 

44 

44 : 

6 
Hid. 


8.1-85 
23:5  —283 
10  —  20 

217  —227 
104  — IC'.I 
100  -103 
100  —192 
133  —142 
106  —108 
1004-1024 
984—1004 
91  —  94 


6  17  R 
3  15  8 


4  8  0 

6  10  I 

4  18  0 

4  8  8 

3  10  ,■-. 

4  12  7 
4  7  10 
4  9  7 

6  6  5 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Anukion  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  ft  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do.    Collat,  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref I 

Do.    Def I 

Anglo  ■  Portnguese   Tel.,  6  % )  I 
Mort.  Deb,  /  ! 

Ohlll  Telephone 

Commercial  CabIe,BtIg.4%Deb. 
Cuba  Telegraph ( 

Do.     10%  Pref I 

Direct  Bpanisb  Telegraph,  Ord,    ' 

Do.     10%  Cum.  Pref I 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direol  W.  India  Cable,  44  %  1 
Reg.  Deb.  | 
Bastem  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do.    84%  Pret.  Stock.. 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Bastem  Extension  . .        . , 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  S.   Africa  Tel.  4  % ) 

Mt.  Db.  Mauritius  Sab./  | 
Globe  Telegraph  and  Tmst 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Brest  Northern  Telegraph       , 
Indo-Boropean  Telegraph 
Uaokay  Companies  Common  , 

Do,    4  %  Cum.  Pref,    . . 
Maroonl'a  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    1  %  Cum.  Parlio.  Pref. 


10 

Stock 

$100 

I  $1000 

Stock 

Do. 

Do. 

100 

6 

Stock 

10 

10 

6 

6 

10 

100 

Stook 
Do. 
Do. 
10 

Stook 

96 
10 
10 
lU 
36 
$100 
•100 
1 
1 


4 

*¥ 

6 

6 

8 

Bt 

4 

4 

8 

8 

ff 

« 

80/- 

6 

6 

7 

8 

4 

4 

6 

6t 

10 

10 

4 

4t 

10 

10 

6 

4 

44 

44 

7 

7t 

B4 

B4 

4 

4 

7 

7t 

4 

4 

4 

4 

6 

6t 

« 

8 

18 

18 

13 

6t 

6 

6 

4 

4 

30 

17 

7-7* 
974-  99i 

135  —137 
91  —  93 
6b  -  68 

1104—1114 
244-  24s 

102  —104 

ii-  n 

79  —  81 
fj-    9i 

16  -  17 
8i-    81 

^|-    ^1 

6i-    71 

99  —101 

183  —136 
78-80 
96  —  98 
13  -  184 
954-  974 


104-  11 

m-  12J 

29  —  31 

67  —  59 
85  —  89 

68  —  72 
4i-    44 

3|-      4 


6    0    0 

6    0    6 

+  4 

6  16  10 
4    6    0 

+  1 

4    8    3 
6    7    7 
6    1    8 

4  16    3 

+  4 

5    1    7 

■i-i 

4  18    9 
6    9    9 

5  17    8 
5    6    8 

-  i 

7    8    2 
6  15    7 
4    9    0 

■1-  1 

6    3    0 
4    7    6 
4     1     8 
6    8    8 

+  4 

4    2     1 
8  19    8 

+  i 

6    9    1 
4  18    2 

+  4 

5  14    3 

6  10    2 
6  12    4 
6  11     1 

-A 

4    8  11 

4    5    0 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord. ,. 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

National  Telephone  Def. 

New  York  Telep.,  4*%  Gen.  Bnds. 

Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo. 

Do.    6  %  Cum,  Pref 

Do.    4  %  Red.  Deb 

Faoiflo  and  European  Tel.,  4  % ) 
Quar.  Debs.  / 

Router's       

Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  %  ) 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to  1,6001 

guar,  by  Braz.  Sub.  Tel.  I 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Ist  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Com.  and  Pret. 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

1 

Stook 

100 

1 

1 

Stock 

Do. 

10 

Cert. 

Stook 

6 
6 

aj 
100 

10 

10 

10 
100 

10 

stock 
$1000 


IJt 


H-  lA 

i—      4 

90—95 
98i-  99i 
l|-    15 

8^9?' 
97i-  994 
Hi-  ll-J 
137  —130 
96  —  98 

74-    73 

6i-      68 

95-98 
84-    8| 

10  —  104 

94—  10 
101  —108 

184-  m 

95  —  97 
974-1004 


-A 


—  1 


-A 


5  IS  0 

6 14  a 

4  io  8 

4  11  6 

4  18  6 

4    8  II 

4    0  6 


4  13  4 
4  11  10 
6  3  3 
4  8  11 
4    0    0 

4    18 

6  i4  S 

6    0  0 

4  17  1 

6    3  9 

4     2  6 

4  10  0 


"Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants.  t  Interim  Dividend.  t  Ss.  in  Ehinded  Dividend  C«iU. 


CONTINVED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


818 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,  [voi  73.  no.  1,939,  febkuabt  21,  ms. 


SHARE    LIST    07    ELECTRICAL    COIILTANIEa.-iOmtinHed.) 

ELECTBIC   RAILWAYS   JlND   TBAJTWATS.— HOME. 


HAUB. 


Bktb  TnmB.  Pret.  Ord 

Do,    B%Pref 

Do.    «i%Deb 

Brit.  Bleo.  T»o.,  6  %  Pret.     . . 

Do,        Do.  Delerred 

Do.        Do.  6%Cam.Pr'f. 

Do,  7%  Non-Cum.  Pr'I. 

Do.  e  9  ,  Perp.  Deb.     . . 

Do.  4i  %  and  Deb,       . . 

C  jDin]  London  Railway,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Del 

Do.    4%  Deb 

City  A  Booth  London,  Ord, 

Do.    E  %  Pret.,  1891     . . 

Do.         Do.         1896    .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1908    .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Dablln  United  Trams,  6  %  Pret. 
Great  Northern  &  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Bastings  Trams,  6  %  Pret, 

Do.    4)  %  Deb 

sle  of  Thanet  Trams,  5%  Pref, 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Lanoaebire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Elec.  Railw'ye,  4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref . 

Do.    4%  Deb 


8^ck  DlTldend. 
tor 


100 
100 
100 
100 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
10 


100 
100 
100 
10 
100 


ibll. 


Closing 

Qnotatlons 
Feb.  18lh. 


7^»=sl^ 
lOi-  HJ| 
44-  64 
864-  894 
B(U-  89i 
91  —  95 
77  —  81 
73  —  80  xd 
83  —  R4  xd 
77  —  79 
1)8  -ICO 

102  —101  xd 
lOa  —104  xd 
lOa  -101  xd 
102  — 104xd 

•)7  —  Oi) 

113-  12ixd 
24-     23 

6J'"=7J^ 

24-  n 

75  —  80 
7S  —  80 
94  —  66 
44-  64 
69  —  72 


Rise 
+  or 
Fall 


Present 
Tleld 
P.O. 


J  B,  d 

Nil 
6    8    ] 

e  11   1 


6  6!! 
E  7  2 
8  15  0 
4  15  U 
a  10  8 
4  0  0 
8  11  5 
4  16  2 
4  16  2 
4  16  2 
4  16  -2 
4  0  10 
4  18    0 

Nil 

7  7  8 
6  17 
4  15    3 


Metropolitan  Railway  Oonaol. . . 

Do.    Barplns  Lands    ,, 

Do,    8*%  Deb 

Do.    84%  Pref 

Do.    8}%  Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  District  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4  %  Prior  Lien    . . 

Do.    4i%  First  Pref 

Do.    8j%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    B%Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    B%Pref 

Do.    4)  %  Deb 

Sontb  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref, 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Underground     Eleo.    Bailways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cum.  Ino.  Deb, 

Do,    44  %  Bonds 

Do,    6  %  Income 
Torksbire  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    It  %  Deb 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
1 
1 
100 
100 


DlTidends 
tor 


Closing 
Quotations 
Feb,  18lh, 


El  J-  62J 
61-69 
es  —  M 
f2  —  84 
89-85 
33'.—  40 
ld9"-141 

93  —  96 
99  —101 

87  —  89  xd 
76  —  77 

I-  \t^' 
8J  -  92 

94  —  97 


es  —  8« 

6l*Z,J' 
4i-  48 
i-  U 
111}— 1184 
98  —100 
934-  944 


Rise 
+  or 
Fall 


Preaenl 

Tleld 
p.o. 


RLECTBICAL   BAILWATS   AND  TRAMWAYS.— COLONIAL  AND   FOREIGN. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  Ist  Prel.     . . 

Do.    Snd  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Do.    B%Deb 

Anokland  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Eleo,  8.  A  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    5%3ndDeb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light   and  \ 

Power  / 

Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ord.      , . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B.  Colombia  Eleo.  Rly.,  Def.    . . 

Do;    Pref.  Ord 

Do.    E%Pref 

Do.    44  %  let  Mort.  Deb. 

Do,    4*  %  Vancouver  Deb,    .. 

Do,    4{_%  Con.  Deb 

Calcutta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Oape  Electric  Trams 

City  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Eleo.  Tr.  4  Lt.,  B  %  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  E  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Eleo.  Trams  .. 

Do.    E%ADeb 

Do,    6%BDeb 


E 
6 

^ 

It 

100 

4 

4 

100 

n 

Vi 

100 

B 

B 

100 

E 

fi 

10 

6 

A 

100 

«A 

*>l 

lOO 

6 

E 

$100 

6» 

5 

8 

81 

E 

E 

6 

100 

**l 

4i 

100 

8 

100 

fi 

6 

100 

E 

E 

40 
100 

Ji 

t 

100 

H 

4 

E 

7 

6 

E 

E 

6 

100 

1 

n 

H 

6 

E 

Et 

100 

E 

E 

100 

6 

E 

tiooo 

1 

E 
Nil 

B 

100 

E 

B 

100 

6 

8 

45-     5» 

4ft-  m 

92i-  9t4 
99  -101 
98J— 100* 
101  -103' 
n  —  12 

96  —  98 

97  —  99 

97';-  994 

74-  7S 
4i-  5i 
100  — lOT 
1,S9  -143 
119  -X2S 
105  —108 

100  —103 

101  -108 
964-  994 

61-  6J 
4»ii-EA 
97  —100 

«4-    6? 

97  —100 

98  —  97 

99  —108 

A-     A 

88  —  88 
80  —  40 


6    7    4 

E  14    8 

-1 

4    4     8 

4    9    1 

4  19    6 

4  17     1 

,, 

5    0    0 

4  11  10 

6     1     0 

-IJ 

+  h 

E    r,   0 

4  15    8 

4     7    5 

—1 

6  12    0 

-1 

4  17    7 

+  1 

4  12    7 

4    7    6 

4    7    6 

1 

4    6    4 

6  12    0 

4  17    7 

4  10    0 

4  'e  11 

6    0    0 

B    8    1 

4  17    1 

NU 

6  18    8 

La  Plata  Elec.  Trms,  Ord. 

Do,    Pref,  

Lisbon  Elec,  Trams,  Ord,        .. 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    E%Deb 

Madras  Eleo,  Tr,  (1904),  Deb.  . . 
Manaos  Trams  &  Lt.,  Ist  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Gen.  Con.  B  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Eleo.  Rlys.  A  Lt.,  Ord.     . . 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    5%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W.A.)  Eleo.  Tr.,  Ord,    . . 

Do.    E  %  1st.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  A  Sup.,  Pref. . , 

Do,    44  %  1st  Deb 

Rlode  Janeiro  Trams,  IstMort. ) 
E  %  Bonds  J 

Do.    E  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Sao  Paulo  Tram,  Lt.  and  P. ) 
E  %  1st  Deb.  / 
Singapore  Trams,  S  %  Deb. 
Southern  El,  Tr.  B.A.,  E  %  Deb. 
Un.  Eleo.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    6%  Ist  Deb 

Winnipeg  Elec.  Rly.,  H  %  Deb, 


1 

Nil 

1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

fit 

1 

6 

100 

6 

100 

5 

100 

6 

tiooo 

E 

1100 

7 

n 

6 

lOO 

6 

E 

10 

lOi 

E 

« 

100 

E 

1 

5 

6^ 

100 

6 

E 

R 

100 

*i 

*i 

E 

100 

E 

(500 

E 

100 

B 

100 

6 

E 

7 

fit 

E 

6 

6 

100 

B 

E 

100 

4 

4 

il-    u 

ill-  1 

14-  la 

+  A 

1-  It 

91  —  9B 

101  -108 

87-90 

93  —100  xd 

105  —108 

-4 

91   -  94 

-a* 

97  —100 

-•A 

78-    75 

4-  6i 

-i 

99  —101 

+  4 

105  —108 

^i-  3 

.. 

97  —  99 

101  -108 

-4 

96-98 

1084-1054 

-4 

86  —  9D 

97  -99 

r-ti 

99  -102 

lOOi-1084 

+  4 

MANTVACTURINO  COMPANIES. 


AroniOrd 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Babcock  ft  Wilcox 

Do.    Pret.  

British  Aluminiam,  Ord, 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do,    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  Stk 

B.I.  &  Belsby  Cable 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Deb 

British  Thomson-Honston,  Deb, 
British  Westingbouse,  Prel.    . . 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien    . . 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do.    Pref.  

Bmsb,  T%Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     . . 

Do.    44  %  Deb 

Do,    44  %  Beoonu  Deb, 
Oallonder's  Cable 

Do,    Fref.  

Do.    Ceb , 

Uaitner-Kellnar , 

Do.    Deb , 


BOO 

+  ,tV 

7    2    2 

-A 

4    0    0 

4    0    0 

6  '6    5 

6  11     1 

+  4 

6  15  11 

4  16    0 

4    6    7 

4  11     5 

Nil 

6  It   a 

B  16    6 

Nil 

Nil 

Nil 

6    8    3 

10    0    0 

14    I    4 

6    7    6 

4  17    7 

4  10    0 

5    6     0 

4     4  11 

CromptonftOo 

Do.    Deb 

Dick,  Kerr 

Do.    Prel 

Do.    Deb 

Edison  &  Swan,  A,  £i  paid 

Do.    fully  paid  .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    B  %  Second  Deb, 
Electric  Constrnotlon   ,. 

Do.     Pref. 
Greenwood  ft  Batley,  Prel. 

Do.    Deb 

General  Electric,  Prel.  .. 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Prel 

Do.    Deb 

India-Rubber,  G.  ft  T.    . . 

Do.    Prel 

Telegraph  Oonstroction.. 

Do.    Deb 

WUlant  ft  RoblniOD 

Do.    Prel 

Do.    Deb 


B 

100 
1 
1 

100 
E 
E 

100 

100 
9 
9 
10 

100 
ID 

100 
6 
E 

100 
10 
10 
19 

100 
1 
E 

100 


65  —  E7 

95  —  98 

61  —  66 
73  —  76 

74—    8 
93  —  04 

95-  lOJ 

90—96 


13  ■ 


18i 


44-  6l 
101  —108 
10  —  11 

9i—  10} 
86  —  88 
954—  984 

t1  -  69 


Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fnlly  paid,     f  loterim  dividend. 


Bank  r«ta  ef  Discount  B  D«r  o«nt..  October  17th,  1S12. 


Vol.72.  No.  1,831.,  febbuaky  31, 191.S.]     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


819 


GERMAN    EXPORTS    OF    ELECTRICAL 
QOODS    IN    1912. 

TiiK  followiii);  flfTureH  showing  tho  ezportH  of  electrical  (roodH  from 
(Jeniionjr  in  1912,  are  taken  from  the  recently  iHhuccI  oitiuial  trade 
BtatiHticH  ;  fitrurcH  for  1911  nre  added  for  purpoHes  of  <:onipariHOn, 
and  notes  of  any  inoreaneH  or  decreases  nro  (f  ivon.  Tho  total  exports 
of  all  kindH  of  electrical  i^oodu  in  1912  wore  ll't,.'<M),7U0  kilogg. 
valued  at  233,196,000  niarkB,  on  opainHt  107,(530,500  kilo(?B.  valued 
at  208,017,000  marks  in  1011  • 

lim.  1912.         If«:  or  dec. 


KilogfH.  Kilo;rg. 
Ih/iuinios,  flfctric  nwlors,  Iruni/oniicni, 
,<•<•.,  vj)  to  25  kg,  weiflht. — 

To  Austria            88,000  116,000 

,,   Russia .j6,000  84,000 

„    Franco 34,000  60.000 

„   Great  Britain 39,000  48,000 


,,    Other  countries 

Total 
Ditto,  from  25  Vij.  fo  100  l<g. 

To  Austria 

„  Russia 

„  Great  Britain 

„  Belgium 

„  France...         

„  Italy 

„  Holland  

,,  Other  countries 

Total 

Ditto,  from  100  to  500  kq.— 

To  Austria 

„   Russia 

„    Belgium 

,,   Great  Britain ... 

„   Brazil  ... 

,,    Spain    ... 

..    Italy 

,,   Argentina 

,,   Other  countries 

Total 

Ditto,  over  500  kg.— 

To  Japan  

.,  Italy 

.,  Argentina       

,,  Belgium 

..  Russia... 

.,  Spain 

,,  British  S.  Africa 

,,  Brazil 

,,  Other  countries 

Total 
Cahlei<.~ 

To  Belgium 

,,  Holland  

„  Sw:eden  

„  Japan  

,,  Argentina 

,,  Korway 

,,  Great  Britain 

,,  Other  countries 

Total 

Electric  arc  lamps. — 

To  Russia 

..    Austria  

.,    Great  Britain 

.,    Argentina 

„   Other  countries 

Total 
Metal-lilame»t  lamji.^. — 
To  Russia ... 

.,   Great  Britain 

.,   Spain 

,.    Italy 

.,  Austria 
,,  France 
,.   Other  countries 

Total 

Galvanic  batteries. — 
To  Great  Britain  ... 

„    Holland  

.,    Sweden 

..    Switzerland     

„l  Other  countries 

Total 


222,000         277,000 


KilogR. 


28,000 
28,000 
1 6,000 
9,000 
.56,000 


439,000    575,000    +  136,000 


499,000 
22.S,000 
104,000 
126,000 
157,000 
249,000 
111,00(1 
792,000 


672,000 
268,000 
212.000 
1 93.000 
189,000 
19.3,000 
197,000 
927,000 


173,000 
45,000 

108,000 
67,000 
32,000 
56,000 
86,000 

135,000 


2.261,000   2,851,000    +  590,000 


768.000 
502,000 
497,000 
34.'i.000 
291,000 
275,000 
539,000 
279,000 
2,315,000 


895.000 
622.000 
577,000 
503.000 
491,000 
433,000 
454,000 
330,000 
2,536,000 


5,S11,000   (;.S41,000 


3,613,000 
2,349,(100 
1,631,000 
1,341,000 
1,248,000 
1,128,000 
2,479,000 
857,000 
9,.5.54,000 


2,960,000 
2,550,000 
2,689,000 
1,892.000 
1,421.000 
1,686,000 
1,328.000 
1,078,000 
8  .-)59,000 


-  127,000 

-  120,000 

-  80,000 

-  168,000 

-  200,000 

-  158,000 

-  85,000 

-  51,000 
■  221,000 

■1,030,0.00 


653,000 
201,000 
958,000 
551.000 
173,000 
+  558,000 
—1,151.000 
+  221,000 
—  995,000 


+ 


24,200,000  24,063,000    —  137,000 


3,427,000 
4,446,000 
4,475,000 
4,714,000 
4,095,000 
1,339,000 
1,133,000 
18,704,000 


4,382.000 
5,721,000 
3,033.000 
■1,489,000 
3,514,000 
1,570,000 
1,220,000 
14,041,000 


+  965,000 
-J- 1,275,000 
—1,442,000 

—  225,000 

—  581,000 
+  231,000 
+  87,000 
—4,663,000 


42,333,000    37.970,000         —4.363,000 


90,000 
64,000 
71,000 
68,000 
352,000 


91,000 
66,000 
71,000 
6.S,000 
263,000 


1,000 
2,000 


2.000 
89,000 


645,000         557,000         —      88,000 


Details 

not 

available. 


214,000 
84,000 
89,000 
75,000 

471,000 


370,000 
260,000 
136,000 
152,000 
1 90,000 
11.3,000 
850.000 

2,071,000 


293,000 
116.000 
166,000 
99,000 
516,000 


933.0(00  1,190,000 


79.000 
32,000 
77,000 
24,000 
45.000 

267,Ci(>0 


H)ll.  1»1--'. 

KilogR.         KilogH. 
Elfclric  apparatus  for  liijlitivij.  finwer,  Sie. — 


To  Ruf-sia  . 

,,  Auhttia 

,,  Italy     

,,  Belgi\mi 

,,  Agcnlina 

.,  Brazil   ... 

„  Japan   ... 

,,  Great  Britain  ... 

,,  Other  countries 

Total 

Electric  iiirtern,  ,<v. — 
To  Austria 

„    Russia 

„    Italy     

,,    Argentina 

,,   Japan 

,,  Spain  ... 
,,  Belgium 
,,  Denmark 
„   Other  countries 

Total 
Jiisulatiiig  tubes. — 
To  Belgium 
,,   Switzerland    ... 

.,    Russia 

,,  Sweden 
„  Austria 
„    other  countries 


1,332,000 

1,021,000 
951,000 
N39,000 

I,lh9,000 
:i03  000 
846,000 
589,000 

4,.'i9/,000 


1,790,0C0 

1,627.000 

l,2tf3.000 

1,195,000 

1,361,000 

611,000 

527,000 

815.000 

6,128.000 


ffw.  or  deft 
Kilogt. 

-♦-  458,000 

-r  606,000 

-  312.000 
+  7ir,(,.()00 
+  1 72,000 

-  308,000 
•  318,000 

*-  226,000 
-»■  1,531,000 


11,666,000  1.5,317,000    -»  3  6.M,000 


328,000 
.301,000 
221,000 
139,000 
65,000 
55,000 
83,000 
76,000 
684,000 


406.000 
397,000 
361,000 
163.000 
101,000 
147,000 
118,000 
10.3,000 
761,000 


1,952,000      2,557,000 


78,000 
96,000 
140,000 
24,000 
36,000 
92,000 
35,000 
27,000 
77.000 

606,000 


Details 

not 

available 


306,000 
866,000 
354,000 
286,000 
274,000 
1,079,000 


Total 

3,165,000 

— 

Electric  sit/nailing  apparatus. 

.\y-.— 

To  Russia 

„    Great  Britain 

Details 

140.000 
122,000 

— 

,,    Belgium 

not 

94,000 

— 

„    Denmark         

,,    Holland            

available 

63,000 
59,000 

— , 

,,    Other  countries 

408,000 
886,000 

Total 

— 

Telephones  and  telephone  appa 

ratus. — 

.*. 

To  Russia 

DeUils 

134,000 

— 

„    Great  Britain 

89,000 

— 

„    Italy     ... 

not 

85.000 

— 

.,    Austria            

.,   France 

available 

53.000 
41,000 

z 

„  Other  countries 

403,000 

Total 

805,000 

— 

Finished  armatures  and  comrnvtators. — 

To  Austria            

434.000 

597,000 

-    163,000 

„    Italy     

621,000 

511,000 

—    110,000 

.,   Belgium 

371,000 

429.000 

-      58,000 

,,   France 

287,000 

202.000 

—      85,000 

..   Great  Britain  ... 

300,000 

430,0CK) 

-     130,000 

..   Russia 

289,000 

270.000 

—      19,000 

„   Japan  

626,000 

246,000 

-'    380,000 

,,   Argentina       

.341,000 

191.000 

—    150,000 

„   Britifch  S.  Africa 

222,000 

130.000 

—      92,000 

„   Other  countries 

1.573,000 

1,030.000 
4,036,000 

—  '543,000 

Total 

5,064,000 

—1,028,000 

Accum  viators. — 

To  Denmark         

1.245,000 

1,101,000 

—    144,000 

,.   Sweden            

1,1.37,000 

1,953,000 

^    816.000 

„    Holland           

373,000 

444.000 

+      71.000 

,,    Xorway           

101,000 

290,000 

-t.     189,000 

.,   Japan 

898,000 

293.000 

—    605,000 

,,    Argentina       

902,000 

3.081.000 

-2,179,000 

„   Chile 

101.000 

690.000 

-    59?,000 

„   Other  countries 

1.619,000 

1.209,000 

—    410,000 

Total 


...      6.376,000      9.070,000 
Kilog.  =  2204  lb. 


+2.694,000 


The  Electrical    Prodnction  of   Ferro-Silicon    and 

Potash. — It  is  reported  from  Gothenburg  that  a  Swedish  engineer 
(Axel  Linnblad),  who  is  known  through  his  work  in  connection 
with  the  electric  smeiting  of  iron,  is  experimenting  with  a  trial 
plant  in  which  felspar,  vrhioh  contains  up  to  18  per  cent,  of  potsbb. 
is  electrically  smelted  with  coal  and  iron.  The  main  product 
resulting  is  ferro-silicon,  whilst  easily  soluble  potash  salts  are 
in  the  slag.  A  quantity  of  100  tons  of  fertilising  potash  is  said  to 
have  been  made  already  with  the  experimental  plant,  and  it  fe 
now  proposed  to  erect  a  large  installation.  It  is  stated  that  the 
economic  question  of  manufacturing  will  depend  upon  whether 
it  will  be  possible  to  find  a  market  for  the  large  tonnage  of  ferro- 
sllicon  wbioh  must  be  prodnoed,  'wit&oxit  depreealng'  the  price  of  ttai* 
alloy. 


820 


THE    ELEOTEIOAL   BEVIEW.    [Voi.  72.  No.  1,889,  febbuabt  21, 1918. 


THE    USE    or    ELECTRICITY    AND 
ELECTRICAL    ACCIDENTS    IN    MINES. 


{Continued  from  page  25.S.) 

A  FOURTH  accident,  which  occurred  at  Aucheugeich  Col- 
liery, and  caused  the  death  of  a  miner,  was  also  due  to  a 
fault  in  the  earthing  system.  The  current,  which  was 
three-phase  at  -i-iO  volts,  was  used  for  coal-cutting  purposes. 
The  main  and  trailing  cables  were  armoured  and  the  earth- 
ing was  intended  to  be  effected  by  means  of  the  armouring 
connected  to  an  earth  plate  at  the  surface,  but  it  transpired 
afterwards  that  owing  to  a  mistake  on  the  part  of  a  workman, 
and  a  lack  of  supervision  on  the  part  of  the  officials,  no 
efficient  earthing  system  existed.  A  fault  developed  at  a 
joint  in  one  of  the  cables,  and,  in  consequence,  the  armour- 
ing became  alive.  Deceased,  who  was  pushing  a  loaded  tub, 
came  in  contact  with  it  and  was  killed. 

On  investigating  the  accident,  it  was  difficult  at  first  to 
discover  why  the  earthing  system  did  not  carry  away  the 
leakage,  and  thus  prevent  an  accident.  It  was,  however, 
afterwards  found  that  a  workman  when  cutting  a  drain  had 
come  across  a  wire  or  cable,  and  as  it  crossed  the  path  of  the 
drain  he  cut  it  with  his  shovel.  This  cable  was  the  earth 
wire  for  the  whole  system  at  the  colliery  :  after  it  was 
cut  the  safeguard  of  earthing  ceased  to  exist,  and  this 
accident  was  the  result. 

We  have  mentioned  on  other  occasions  the  tendency  to 
practical  joking  with  electricity  amongst  the  employes  at 
collieries,  but  one  would  scarcely  think  it  possible  for  anyone 
to  go  to  such  a  length  as  the  victim  of  the  following  accident, 
who,  as  the  Inspector  says,  "  paid  tlie  penalty  of  his  folly 
with  his  life.*'  The  accident  took  place  at  Polton  Colliery, 
and  caused  the  death  of  an  engineer's  labourer  on  the  sur- 
face while  he  was  attempting  to  make  a  connection  between 
the  cables  of  a  lighting  circuit  and  a  lathe  in  the  fitting 
shop,  in  order  that  the  man  working  it  should,  on  the 
following  day,  receive  a  shock.  It  appears  that  deceased 
went  into  a  loft  about  lOi  ft.  above  the  lathe  at  the  close 
of  the  day's  work,  where  he  was  unseen,  and  he  was 
not  missed.  Inquiries  were  made  about  him  the  next 
morning,  and  his  body  was  found  bv  the  engineer 
lying  on  the  floor  face  downwards,  with  his  head  close 
to  the  edge  of  the  loft  overlooking  the  workshop,  but  partly 
hidden  by  some  belt  pulleys.  The  engineer  touched  him 
and  received  an  electric  shock,  and  therefore  had  the  current 
cut  off.  The  deceased's  right  arm  and  the  left  side  of  his 
face  were  severely  burned  ;  his  right  arm  had  made  contact 
with  a  live  zinc  plate  and  his  face  with  an  iron  bracket  con- 
nected to  a  girder  and  thus  to  earth.  He  was  quite  cold, 
and  had  apparently  been  killed  outright  on  the  previous 
night.  His  intention  clearly  appears  to  have  been  to 
make  a  connection  between  a  live  lighting  wire  and  a 
bracket  carrying  the  belt  pulleys,  so  that  the  man  who 
worked  the  lathe  and  oiled  the  machinery  would  get  a  shock 
when  at  work  next  day.  It  is  almost  inconceivable  that 
a  workman  should  be  so  foolish,  and  no  doubt  had  this  man 
not  been  killed,  the  intended  victim  of  the  practical  joke 
might  have  been  seriously  if  not  fatally  injured.  As  we 
have  said,  this  is  not  a  solitary  instance  of  this  sort  of  thing, 
and  the  Inspector  further  goes  on  to  say  :  "  Recently  it  has 
come  to  my  knowledge  that  a  man  employed  at  a  coal-cutting 
machine  underground  had  been  giving  men  shocks  by  switching 
the  current  on  at  the  gate  box,  and  then  placing  the  trailing 
cable  in  contact  with  the  frame  of  the  machine,  and  thus 
causing  men  working  near  it  to  receive  a  shock.  Fortu- 
nately, no  one  was  hurt.  The  special  rules  do  not  provide 
for  the  punishment  of  offences  of  this  kind,  and  it  was  not 
possible  to  do  anything  except  dismiss  the  man  in  question 
from  his  employment  at  the  colliery." 

The  following  are  briefly  details  of  the  non-fatal  accidents 
which  occurred  in  this  district : — 

1.  A  brusher  wa.s  sent  out  from  the  face  to  bring  in  a 
trailing  cable  from  a  gate-end  box  to  a  coal-cutter,  and  instead 
of  taking  it  in  and  returning  to  switch  on  the  current,  he,  in 
order  to  save  himself  the  trouble  of  the  double  journey, 
switched  it  on  at  the  gate-end  box,  and  was  carrying  the  live 
cable  in.  The  terminals  came  in  contact  with  the  pavement, 
and  the  repulting  flash  burned  his  hand.     He  was  lucky  to 


escape  with  such  slight  injuries,  as  he  might  have  been  fatally 
injured.  It  is  difficult  to  understand  why  men  will  be  so 
foolhardy.  The  only  reasonable  explanation  is  that  they  do 
not  realise  the  serious  risk  they  run  by  such  recklessness. 
"  Such  work  as  bringing  in  trailing  cables  should  only  be  done 
by  the  machinemen  themselves,  as  they  have,  or  should  have 
some  Jcnoirledge  of  the  danger  of  electririty,  and  would  not, 
I  trust,  be  guilty  of  such  conduct." 

2.  A  coal-cutter  driver  received  a  severe  shock  from  a 
coal  cutter  driven  by  D.r.  at  500  volts,  with  concentric  cable 
and  earthed  outer.  The  circuit  breaker  on  the  surface  was 
thrown  out  by  an  overload  on  the  coal-cutter,  and  when  the 
machine  stopped,  he  leaned  forward  to  switch  off  and 
received  the  shock.  An  examination  of  the  machine  after- 
wards showed  that  the  negative  connection  was  2^  turns 
slack  and  loose.  This  was  tightened  up,  and  there  was  no 
trouble  afterwards.  The  cause  of  the  shock  was,  no 
doubt,  this  bad  negative  connection.  !Mr.  Masterton,  one 
of  the  junior  inspectors,  in  investigating  the  accident,  found 
that  the  negative  connection  between  the  gate-end  box  and 
cable  was  unsatisfactory. 

3.  A  pumper  was  putting  in  a  switch  which  required  to  be 
put  in  smartly,  but  he  put  it  in  slowly,  with  the  result  that 
an  arc  was  formed,  which  burned  the  back  of  his  hand.  The 
current  was  a.c.  at  oOO  volts.  He  had  no  duty  in  thesuitcli 
room  and  should  not  have  touched  the  switch. 

4.  A  coal-cutter  chargcman  was  burned  on  the  back  of  his 
neck,  owing  to  the  machine  becoming  charged,  and  an  earth 
connection  not  having  been  made  by  the  injured  man.  The 
gate-end  box  was  earthed  to  a  water  pipe,  and  the  coal-cutter 
to  the  box  by  an  additional  wire  in  the  trailing  cable 
attached  to  the  Vx)x  by  a  lug  and  screws,  and  he  failed  to 
attach  this  wire.  The  leads  ran  along  the  bottom  to  the 
opposite  side  of  the  coal-cutter,  and  as  they  were  liable  to  be 
damaged,  the  manager  had  them  put  into  an  iron  pipe,  and 
this  necessitated  a  large  hole  being  made  into  the  controller 
box.  This  hole  had  not  been  bushed,  and  the  vibration  of 
the  machine  caused  the  edge  of  it  to  cut  through  the 
insulation  of  the  leads,  resulting  in  a  short.  It  is  fortunate 
that  the  neglect  to  bush  the  hole  properly  did  not  result  in 
fatal  injuries.  The  defect  was  at  once  remedied,  and  if 
will  be  a  lesson  to  everyone  concerned  not  to  overlook  such  o 
ner^ssary  precaution  in  future. 

.5.  A  coal-cutter  machineman  received  a  shock  owing  to 
a  small  spring  of  a  switch  breaking  and  allowing  the  live 
tongue  of  the  switch  to  come  in  contact  with  the  casing  of 
the  machine  and  make  it  "  live."  The  machine  was  not 
earthed,  and  the  current  was  at  once  switched  off.  The 
injured  man  was  unconscious,  and  it  was  not  until  artificial 
respiration  had  been  kept  up  for  three-quarters  of  an  hour 
that  he  regained  consciousness.  The  current  was  a.c.  at 
400  volts :  at  the  time  of  the  accident  preparations  were 
being  made  to  earth  the  frames  of  the  machines  to  the  sur- 
face, and  the  neutral  point  of  the  system  has  also  been 
earthed.  It  is  a  miracle  that  this  man  was  not  killed,  and  but 
for  the  praiseworthy  manner  in  which  the  men  at  hand  kept 
up  artificial  respiration  he  would  have  died.  The  accident  _ 
shows  the  necessity  of  efficiently  earthing  the  frames  of  all 
apparatus,  and,  further,  of  maintaining  artificial  respiration 
for  a  long  period  in  cases  of  supposed  death  from  electric 
shock. 

C.  An  assistant  electrician  on  looking  at  an  underground 
motor  noticed  that  the  brushes  were  sparking  slightly,  and, 
in  order  to  remedy  this,  he  turned  the  rocking  gear,  but 
pushed  it  too  far,  and  the  flash  thus  caused  burned  the  back 
of  his  hand. 

"  A  non-fatal  accident  injuring  a  motor  attendant  also 
occurred  on  the  surface.  The  motor  driving  the  screening 
plant  had  been  changed  over  from  a  direct-current  one  at  500 
volts  to  a  three-phase  at  3,000  volts,  a  week  before  the  acci- 
dent occurred.  The  D.c.  switchboard  was  allowed  to  remain, 
and  it  was  intended  to  change  it  at  the  week  end.  The 
fuses  were  withdrawn  and  the  switch  was  opened,  but  two  live 
terminals  on  the  board,  4  ft.  from  the  floor  and  2^  in. 
apart,  were  unprotected. 

"The  injured  man  was  the  only  one  who  had  access  to  the 
motor  room,  which  he  kept  locked.  He  stated  that  he  was 
sitting  on  a  box  in  front  of  the  board  having  a  meal,  at  the 
end  of  which,  as  he  was  getting  up,  his  sleeve  caught  an 
enamelled  '  danger  plate,'  whidi    projected  sideways  from 


Vol.72.  No.  1,8.19, pebbuart  21, 1918.J    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


821 


the  board,  aii<l  u  flash  resulted  which  burned  the  l)ack  of  his 
hand.  His  story  docs  not  appear  to  be  a  very  Ukely  one,  and 
I  fear  he  had  been  placing  something  across  the  terminals, 
and  that  when  facing  the  board  a  short  flame  burned  his 
hand  ;  he,  however,  adhered  to  his  statement.  In  any  case 
he  should  not  have  been  sitting  so  close  to  a  switchl)oard  as 
to  touch  the  danger  plate,  and  I  do  not  for  a  moment  think 
be  would  do  so  with  a  U,000-volt  current.  Tcniiinft/s  should 
not  be  left  evjtosrd  in  this  way,  and  I  am  surprised  that  it 
should  have  been  allowed." 

An  underground  firo  caused  by  the  failure  of  the  electrical 
plant  took  place  at  East  Parkhead  Colliery.  The  supply  of 
electricity  at  this  colliery  is  on  the  concentric  system  at  r)00 
volts,  and  the  installation  was  an  old  one,  predating  the 
Electricity  Special  Rules.  The  origin  of  the  fire  was  Iraccid 
to  fusing  in  a  four-way  junction  and  fuse  box,  which  was 
nailed  to  two  props  on  the  side  of  a  haulage  road  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  shaft  bottom.  An  examination 
of  the  junction  box  after  the  occurrence  showed  it  was  a 
very  probable  cause  of  Are.  There  were  clear  signs  of 
frequent  arcing  both  on  the  side  of  the  box,  and  inside  the 
cover,  and  it  is  likely  that  an  arc  caused  by  the  blowing  of 
a  fuse  was  formed  to  the  side  of  the  box,  and  that  this  was 
maintained  until  the  insulation  of  the  cable,  and  then  the 
supporting  timber,  caught  fire. 

One  of  the  cables  was  damaged  by  a  fall  of  stone  on  the 
in-bye  side  of  the  junction  box,  and  also  on  the  in-bye  side 
of  a  fuse,  which  was  inserted  in  the  cable  nearer  the  gate-end 
box,  just  before  the  fire  was  noticed.  It  is  probable  that  this 
fall  caused  the  fuse  in  the  junction  box  to  blow.  The  fuse 
on  the  in-bye  side  of  the  junction  box  should  have  protected 
the  latter,  and  that  it  failed  to  do  so  points  to  its  having 
been  the  heavier  fuse  of  the  two.  ,  When  Mr.  Nelson  made 
his  inspection  and  investigation  it  was  estimated  to  be  2/18 
aai,  if  so,  was  about  300  per  cent,  in  excei-s  of  the  icorhng 
current,  whereas  the  special  rules  require  that  it  should  not 
be  more  than  200  per  cent.  The  fire  in  all  probability 
would  have  been  prevented  if  the  fuse  had  not  been  too 
heavy  for  its  circuit.  This  is  a  matter  of  importance,  as 
arcing  may  continue  for  some  time  before  causing  the  means 
provided  to  open  the  circuit  to  operate,  as  apparently 
happened  in  this  case,  if  the  means  provided  are  slower  in 
action  than  is  required. 

(To  be  continued.) 


.     APPLICATIONS    FOR    SITUATIONS. 


By  "  WHISTLEFIELD." 


Robert  Bubns,  the  Scottish  poet,  wrote — 

"  0  wad  some  Power  the  giftie  gie  us 
To  see  oursels  as  others  see  us  " 

b'lt  if  he  had  had  to  read  through  the  numerous  applications 
which  are  received  in  reply  to  jobs  advertised  in  the  Elec- 
trical Review,  he  would  probably  have  implored  "  Some 
Power"  to  give  the  applicants  the  ability  to  read  their 
applications  through  the  eyes  of  the  wretched  engineer  or 
manager  who  is  endeavouring  to  separate  the  good  from 
the  bad,  and  form  a  list  for  the  purposes  of  an  interview. 

It  is  sometimes  declared  that  if  a  man  have  plenty  of 
assurance  and  cheek,  he  can  get  a  job  more  easily  than  one 
who  is  lacking  in  these  qualities,  but  does  it  occur  to  the 
man  who  knows  that  he  is  capable  and  has  good  qualifications 
that  he  may  throw  away  all  these  advantages  and  have  to  yield 
place  to  another  who  is  not  so  qualified,  because  he  has  relied 
too  much  on  his  conscious  superiority,  and  has  forgotten  that 
the  employer  who  is  reading  the  applications  does  not  know 
all  that  the  applicant  knows,  and  is  forming  his  opinion  from 
what  is  actually  written,  so  that  the  man  who  can  state  his 
real  or  supposed  qualifications  in  a  convincing  manner, 
emphasising  the  special  qualifications  which  are  required  for 
the  job,  will  stand  far  more  chance  of  getting  an  interview 
than  one  who  is  careless  in  the  arrangement  and  wording  of 
his  application  ? 

The  chief  point  which  should  be  borne  in  mind  by  anyone 


who  writcH  an  ai>plic;ilion  in  the  fact  that,  for  every  job 
advertised  tln.Te  are  not  only  a  large  number  of  appliwmtfl, 
but  the  standard  of  qualifications  of  the  a[jplicant«  is 
invariably  high,  and  there  are  always  several  who  are  quite 
capable  of  filling  tlio  [xjst  with  credit ;  therefore  it  in  not  only 
necessary  to  show  that  one  is  capable  of  filling  the  post  becauw; 
of  training  and  pastexi»erience,  but  the  very  manner  in  which 
the  application  is  drawn  upslujuld  show  that,  Ixisides  technical 
knowledge  and  practical  e\i)eriencc,  the  candidate  has  common 
sense  and  is  capable  of  apjjieciating  what  is  important  and  what 
is  trivial,  of  realising  that  managers  are  busy  men  who  want 
facts  and  data  dearly  and  tersely  expressed. 

It  is  little  things  like  these  which  turn  the  scale  for  or 
against  a  man  in  a  great  many  cases,  since  all  employers 
appreciate  men  who  have  their  wits  al)Out  them  and  who  think 
for  themselves. 

It  is  want  of  thought  which  allows  a  man  to  send  in  his 
application  written  on  half  a  dozt-n  sheets  of  paper,  none  of 
which  are  numbered,  and  which  have  not  been  fastened 
together,  and  very  often  the  fault  is  aggravated  by  the  fact 
that  the  testimonials  are  on  a  different  kind  of  paper  from 
the  application,  so  that  when  they  have  got  mixed  it  is  not 
an  easy  matter  to  collect  all  the  sheets  relating  to  the  one 
application,  and  find  in  what  order  they  should  be  arranged. 
An  even  worse  habit,  and  one  that  is  very  prevalent,  is  to 
use  ordinary  notepaper  written  on  every  side,  so  that  it  is 
not  only  necessary  to  pin  the  sheets  together  when  they  are 
received,  but  they  must  be  unpinned  every  time  they  are 
looked  at.  The  worst  cases  of  this  kind  are  applicatioas 
which  are  written  on  notepaper  commencing  on  page  1,  then 
going  to  page  4,  then  to  page  2  and  page  3,  the  same  thing 
being  repeated  through  three  or  four  sheets  without  a  single 
number  to  denote  how  the  pages  and  sheets  follow  one 
another.  It  stands  to  reason  that  a  man  who  is  so  careless 
and  thoughtless  with  regard  to  his  own  concerns  will  not  be 
considered  a  suitable  person  to  put  in  any  responsible  position 
by  an  engineer  or  manager,  especially  when  other  men  equally 
good  but  not  so  careless  are  available. 

Another  form  of  thoughtlessness  is  exhibited  in  the  long 
rambling  application  which  leaves  one  confused  at  the  end, 
without  any  clear  idea  of  what  the  applicant  has  done.  An 
application  of  this  kind  running  into  a  number  of  sheets  of 
closely  and  often  badly-written  foolscap  receives  scant  atten- 
tion when  it  is  one  of  a  large  pile  that  have  to  be  waded 
through. 

A  moment's  thought  would  show  that  when  selecting  a 
man  for  a  post  it  is  necessary  to  know  his  age,  his  present 
position,  and  the  positions  which  he  held  previously.  These 
facts  could  quite  easily  be  tabulated  on  one  page,  so  that 
at  a  glance  it  could  be  seen  if  a  man  was  in  the  running  or 
not  ;  then  on  subsequent  pages  the  information  could  be 
amplified  under  different  headings. 

The  usual  method  of  writing  a  continuous  letter  detailing 
the  whole  history  of  the  candidate  from  the  time  he  went  to 
school  to  the  time  he  made  his  application,  leaves  the  reader 
annoyed  at  having  to  read  so  much  to  find  the  essential  facts, 
and  this  is  prejudicial  to  the  candidate's  chances. 

If  such  information  as  classes  attended  or  certificates 
gained  seem  to  be  essential,  let  them  be  tabulated  under  the 
heading  of  classes  attended  or  certificates  gained  ;  then,  if  the 
information  is  not  required  by  the  man  who  is  selecting  the 
candidates,  he  can  pass  over  that  section  and  lose  neither 
time  nor  patience.  The  same  method  could  with  advantage 
be  adopted  when  dealing  with  all  the  data  and  particulars 
submitted,  and  the  result  will  be  an  application  in  which  all 
information  required  can  be  quickly  and  easily  found,  and 
which  will  leave  a  favourable  impression  of  the  applicant's 
method  of  work. 

"While  it  is  not  desirable  that  an  application  should  be  too 
long,  it  is  possible  to  make  it  too  brief.  The  following  which 
was  received  in  reply  to  an  advertisement  of  an  important 
post  in  a  power  station  is  typical  of  many  that  are 
sent : — 

"  Dear  Sir,  I  beg  to  make   application  for  the  post  of 

advertised  in  the  Electrical  Review  of  . 

I  have  had  good  experience  in  power  station  work,  having 
held  a  similar  post  for  four  years  ;  if  there  is  any  other 
information  that  you  desire,  or  if  you  wish  to  see  my  testi- 
monials, I  shall  be  glad  to  call  on  hearing  from  you, 
yours  ■" 


322 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.?2.  No.  1,839,  fkbbuabt  21, 1913. 


This  information  might  have  been  sufficient  if  the 
applicant  had  stated  in  what  power  station  he  had  worl<ed 
during  those  four  years,  or  had  given  some  indication  of  the 
plant  in  use  ;  as  it  was,  no  information  was  given,  there 
were  plenty  of  other  gootl  men,  and  this  application  was 
throw  n  aside.  The  fvillowing  extract  from  another  applica- 
tion is  a  gem  in  the  art  of  compression  : — 

"  I  have  had  over  ten  years'  e.xperience  in  the  electrical 
business  with  contractors,  manufactDrers,  consulting  engineers 
and  supply  authorities.  During  this  period  I  have  been 
engaged  on,  and  have  been  in  charge  of,  the  erection,  running 
and  repairs  of  motors,  generators,  boosters,  rotary  converters, 
switchgear,  control  gear,  high  and  low-teusion  cable  laid 
Bolid,  dra\vn-in  and  armoured,  the  lay  out  of  static  and  rotary 
sub-stations  with  gear  ;  I  am  familiar  with  the  economical 
running  of  plant  and  with  all  tests  applicable  to  fault  locali- 
sation, and  have  iiad  a  good  works  as  well  as  theoretical 
training,  and  am  accustomed  to  the  control  of  men." 

Unfortunately  this  applicant  mentioned  later  that  his  age 
was  24,  so  he  was  promptly  classed  "  with  the  goats." 

Another  application  was  one  that  was  a  model  of  all  that 
an  application  should  be  :  it  tabulated  in  a  clear  and  con- 
cise manner  all  the  information  that  one  desires  on  the  front 
page,  and  on  the  following  pages  was  a  brief  well-drawn-up 
letter  stating  the  applicant's  experience.  The  surprising 
thing  was  that  another  application  drawn  up  in  exactly  the 
same  manner  came  for  the  same  job  from  a  man  in  another 
part  of  the  country  ;  the  data  given  were,  of  course,  different, 
but  the  style  and  method  of  arrangement  were  identical. 
It  left  one  wondering  by  how  much  the  candidate's  natural 
desire  to  present  his  qualifications  in  a  favourable  light  had 
been  improved  on  by  a  professional  hand,  and  how  big  a 
pinch  of  salt  was  necessary  before  accepting  the  statements 
submitted. 

Some  candidates  have  all  their  testimonials  printed,  as 
well  as  tabulated  statements  of  their  training  and  experience  : 
then  the  application  takes  the  form  of  a  covering  letter 
drawing  attention  to  the  special  jx)ints  in  their  testimonials, 
&c.,  which  have  a  direct  bearing  on  the  job  advertised.  This 
seems  to  l)e  quite  a  gcod  method,  but  some  carry  it  to  an 
extreme,  and  one  comes  across  printed  applications  with  blank 
spaces  left  for  filling  in  the  particulars  suitable  for  the 
occasion,  as — "  Dear  Sir, — Having  noticed   in  this   week's 

that  you  are  advertising  for ,  I  herewith 

make  application  for  same."  The  impression  which  such  an 
application  leaves  is  that  a  number  of  these  forms  must  be 
filled  in  and  sent  off  each  week  to  justify  printing  a  form 
which  ceases  to  be  up  to  date  within  a  few  months. 

The  use  of  the  firm's  official  paper  and  envelopes  shows  a 
lack  of  sense,  for,  naturally,  the  manager  or  chief  to  whom 
one  applies  will  think  that,  if  paper  and  envelopes  are  taken, 
other  of  the  firm's  property  might  be  taken  also  if  occasion 
offered,  and  the  candidate  is  prejudiced  in  his  eyes. 

No  one  can  lay  down  the  law  as  to  how  an  application 
should  be  drawn  up.  It  must  vary  with  individuals  and 
circumstances,  but  perhaps  these  few  lines  may  make  intend- 
ing applicants  think  a  moment  before  writing,  and  so  prevent 
them  from  making  those  blunders  which  are  due  principally 
to  want  of  thought,  but  for  which  a  heavy  price  in  disappoint- 
ment may  have  to  be  paid. 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Starting  and  Speed  Control  of  Induction  Motors. 

By  F.  C.  Aldous. 

iAhxtract  iif  paper  read  Iff  ore  tUf  IKSTITCTION  OF  ELECTRICAL 
Engineebs  at  Manehetler,  Janvary  lilh,  1013.) 

In  the  followintr  paper  two  and  three-phase  motoiB  only  are  con- 
sidered, whiih  mny  be  taken  db  bavinf;  tbe  eatne  cbaracteristics  for 
Btartin^r  and  opred  control.  Sintile-pbai-e  motors  are  starttd  on 
light  load,  ai  d,  beinir  (nly  to  a  limited  extent  suitable  ior  i-peed 
retiolatioD,  arc  not  dealt  with  in  this  paper 

The  lyi  e  of  meter  which  is  most  suitable  for  any  pirticnlar 
Fervice  is  determined  by  the  conditions  of  the  load,  which  may  be 
olaaaed  b»  follows  : — 

1.  Constant  speed,  where  after  being  started  tbe  motor  has  to 
nm  at  one  speed  only. 


2.  Variable  speed,  where  the  motor  may  operate  at  more  than 
one  speed. 

For  constant  Fpeed,  many  engineers  are  strongly  prejudiced  in 
favour  of  the  slip-ring  induction  motor,  as  opposed  to  the  squirrel- 
cage  motor.  The  latter  has  many  advantages  not  potsessed  by  the 
slip-ring  motor,  and  can  be  used  in  many  cases  where  the  slip- 
ring  motor  would  be  impossible. 

It  can  be  used  in  practically  all  cases  where  it  normally  runs 
at  a  constant  speed,  and  up  to  a  size  such  that  the  starting  current 
shall  not  cause  undue  disturbance  to  the  voltage  of  supply. 

As  a  rough  rule  it  may  be  said  that  when  running  off  the  mains 
of  a  supply  company,  the  horse-power  of  a  squirrel-cage  motor 
which  has  to  start  on  heavy  load  should  not  exceed  5  per  cent,  of 
the  K.v.A.  of  the  total  minimum  generating  plant,  or  10  per  cent, 
if  it  starts  on  light  load.  On  a  large  power  system  lower  figures 
than  the  above  would  have  to  be  taken.  On  a  self-contained 
system,  such  as  a  group  of  collieries  with  their  own  generating 
plant,  these  figures  may  be  easily  doubled,  since  the  permissible 
voltage  drop  will  be  greater.  A  mill  which  is  group  driven  by 
squirrel-cage  motors  can  be  started  up  with  the  generator  ;  power 
is  fupplied  to  the  motors  at  a  very  low  frequency,  so  that  the  starting 
conditions  are  very  good  and  the  whole  mill  is  run  up  together. 
In  a  case  like  this  the  motors  are  provided  with  starters,  so  that  if 
it  is  necessary  to  shut  down  a  group  it  can  be  started  again  without 
shutting  down  the  whole  mill.  The  horse-power  of  any  individual 
motor  may  in  this  case  be  as  high  as  20  i>er  cent,  of  the  k.v.a.  of 
the  turbo-generator. 

For  variable-speed  work  the  slip-ring  motor  is  generally  preferred 
to  the  squirrel-cage  motor,  but  where  the  motor  operates  at  low 
speeds  only  for  short  periods,  or  where  the  use  of  slip-rings  is 
objectionable,  squirrel-cage  motors  may  be  used  with  advantage, 
especially  in  small  sizes. 

If  good  speed  regulation  is  required  at  several  speeds,  as  for 
machine-tool  driving,  or  if  full-load  torque  is  required  for  long 
periods  at  reduced  speeds,  a  multi-speed  motor,  which  is  generally 
of  the  squirrel-cage  type,  is  preferable.  For  two-speed  motore 
with  a  ratio  of  speeds  2  :  1  this  can  be  done  by  using  a  winding 
which  is  connected  for  one  number  of  poles  for  the  low  speed,  and 
for  half  that  number  for  the  high  speed.  For  other  ratios,  or  for 
more  than  two  speeds,  it  is  necessary  to  use  two  windinjjs,  which 
might,  for  instance,  be  connected  for  6,  8,  12,  or  16  poles,  giving  a 
very  useful  range  for  variable-speed  work.  Where  suitable  speeds 
cannot  be  obtained  by  the  use  of  multi-speed  motors,  this  can 
often  be  done  by  means  of  "cascade  "  control,  or  the  cascade  motor 
of  Mr.  L.  J.  Hunt  can  be  used. 

If  the  torque  required  at  low  speeds  is  very  much  reduced,  as  in 
the  case  of  fan-driving,  a  normal  slip-ring  motor  with  rheostatic 
control  generally  gives  the  best  results.  The  input  to  the  motor  is 
reduced  about  in  proportion  to  the  square  of  the  speed.  The 
simplicity  of  the  slip-ring  motor  with  rheostatic  control  and  its 
low  first  cost  render  it  preferable  to  the  different  complicated 
systems  which  are  now  put  forward,  showing  a  high  efficiency  at 
all  speeds. 

Squirrel-cage  motors  of  small  size  can  be  started  by  switching 
full  voltage  on  to  their  terminals.  In  this  case  about  six  times  full- 
load  current  is  taken  momentarily,  which  current  is  independent  of 
the  load  to  be  started,  though  its  effect  on  the  supply  voltage  is,  of 
course,  more  noticeable  when  starting  a  heavy  load  than  when 
starting  a  light  load.  The  torque  developed  may  be  about  twice 
normal  torque.  Above  a  certain  size,  say,  5  to  10  H.P.,  the  starting 
current  is  usually  considered  excessive,  and  an  auto-starter  or  star- 
delta  starter,  or  in  the  case  of  two-phase  motors  a  series-parallel 
starter,  is  used. 

If  different  voltages  are  thrown  on  to  the  terminals  of  a  motor, 
the  current  varies  directly  as  the  voltage,  whereas  the  torque 
varies  as  the  square  of  the  voltage  ;  so  that  a  motor  which  with 
full  voltage  on  its  terminals  gives  twice  normal  torque,  and  takes 
six  times  normal  current,  will,  when  50  per  cent,  of  full  voltage  is 
thrown  on  its  terminals,  give  half  normal  torque  and  take  three 
times  normal  current.  If  this  is  done  by  means  of  an  auto-starter 
with  a  2  :  1  ratio,  then  when  the  current  in  the  motor  is  three 
times  normal,  the  current  in  the  line  is  H  times  normal,  since  the 
K.v.A.  on  the  primary  and  secondary  of  the  auto-starter  are  equal. 
In  the  same  way  it  is  found  that  with  a  tapping  giving  70  per 
cent,  of  full  voltage,  three  times  normal  current  is  drawn  from  the 
line,  and  full-load  starting  torque  is  developed. 

With  the  star-delta  starter  the  motor  is  designed  to  run  connected 
in  delta.  Leads  are  brought  out  from  both  ends  of  each  phase,  and 
by  means  of  a  double-throw  switch  the  motor  is  started  in  star  con- 
nection, and  when  up  to  speed  is  switched  over  to  delta  connection. 
By  this  means  rather  less  than  60  percent  of  full  voltage  is  thrown 
on  to  each  phase  at  starting,  corresponding  to  an  auto-starter  with 
a  60  per  cent,  tapping.  The  series-parallel  starter  used  with 
two-phase  motors  in  which  the  windings  are  connected  in  series  for 
starting,  and  in  two  parallel  circuits  for  running,  is  seen  in  the 
same  way  to  have  the  same  effect  as  a  50  per  cent,  tapping.  The 
total  energy  absorbed  during  starting  is  not  reduced  by  using  a 
reduced  voltage  at  starting.  When  a  equirrel-cage  motor  starts 
against  a  load  consisting  entirely  of  inertia,  the  total  energy 
absorbed  and  the  heating  of  the  motor  during  starting  are  inde- 
pendent of  the  starting  voltage  If  the  load  consists  partly  of  a 
friction  load,  the  energy  absi^rbed  and  the  heating  of  the  motor  are 
reduc«d  if  the  starling  voltage  be  increased. 

A  high  starling  voltage  is  preferable  where  there  is  no  objection 
to  the  constquenily  heavy  starting  current. 

Sufficient  starting  torque  can  usually  be  obtained  by  taking  a 
normal  slip  of  4  or  5  per  cent.,  though  on  motord  of  large  size 
this  value  of  slip  can  generally  be  somewhat  reduced.  High-speed 
motors  ospeoially,  for  pump   driving,  requiring   a   comparatively 


Vol.72.  No.  1,831), FKBKUARY 21, 191,3.]    THE    ELFICTRICAL    REVIEW. 


828 


small  stHrtiiiit  torque,  arn  gonerally  (ii'Hi>rnc<l  wilh  a  normal  nlip  of 
not  more  than  lij  to  ;<J  por  cent.,  K>vin|;  an  incrcace  of  cftlcicncy  at 
normal  load  and  a  redui-cd  ntartinf;  torque. 

When  spt'cially  heavy  Htartini;  torque  in  required,  an  for  crnnc 
motorn  and  motors  for  operatin(r  pluice  valves  or  rmall  coniprcmori", 
cquirrol-caife  motors  are  Imilt  with  rotors  of  much  hijjher  resist- 
ance, Kivini;  a  slip  of  8  to  10  per  cent,  at  normal  load.  The  rotors 
are  specially  built  to  withstand  the  heat  developed  in  thrm 
without  deterioration,  and  the  motors  are  generally  started  by 
switching'  full  voltage  on  to  their  teiiiiinals,  or,  in  the  case  of 
orane  motors,  are  controlled  by  varyinjf  the  terminal  voltage 
by  means  of  an  auto-transformer  provided  with  different  volt8j;e 
tappings. 

In  lip.  1  are  shown  the  speed-torque  curve,  A,  and  current-torque 
curve  of  a  motor  of  10-H. P.,  three-phase,  r)0-cycle,  400  volts,  050  n.r.M., 
having  a  normal  current  of  i;V5  amperes  per  phai^e  and  a  normal 
torque  of  5r)'3  lb.  at  1  ft.  radius.  This  curve  shows  that  the  torque 
at  starting  is  just  twice  normal,  increasing  to  a  maximum  of  3'2 
times  normal  at  670  u  r.M.  and  coming  down  to  normal  tor(iue  at 
950  R.P.M.  Curves  ii  and  c  are  drawn  for  motors  having  the  tame 
stator  winding-,  and  rotors  of  re8}>€ctively  two  and  three  times  the 
resistance  of  the  first  motor.  The  other  curve  .shows  the  stator 
current,  which  is  the  same  for  the  different  motors  at  the  same 
torque.  Fig.  2  shows  the  rate  at  which  the  above  motors  speed  up 
and  the  current  curves  during  starting.  Curves  a  and  Ai,  fig.  2, 
refer  to  the  above  motor  a,  fig.  1,  when  starting  on  full  voltage 
against  a  friction  torque  equal  to  full-load  torque,  the  load  having 
a  fly-wheel  effect  of  100  lb.  at  1  ft.  radius.  Curves  b.  c,  ni  and 
Ci,  fig.  2,  give  respectively  the  speed  and  current  for  motors  b 
and  C  when  started  under  the  same  conditions.  Curves  d  and  e 
refer  to  the  first  two  motors  a  and  b,  still  starting  against  the  fame 
load  ;  but,  in  this  case,  the  motor  is  started  with  an  auto-starter 
giving  75  per  cent,  of  full  voltage  on  the  motor. 

It  will  be  seen  from  these  curves  that  a  motor  with  a  good  over- 
load capacity  and  with  a  normal  slip  of  5  per  cent,  will  give  a  good 
starting  torque  without  taking  an  excessive  current.  By  carefully 
comparing  these  curves  with  those  drawn  for  a  rotor  of  high 
resistance,  it  is  seen  that  with  10  per  cent,  normal  slip  a  higher 


if  thedihign  and  workinanphip  wsre  very  oarf/ully  carried  out, 
and  the  only  thuronghly  catisfactory  deKign  U  one  in  which  all  the 
conta<;tK  are  brn/.<:d  or  welded. 


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Pig.  1  .—Speed-Torque  and  Current- 
ToRQUE  Curves. 


Fio.  2.— Speed  and  Current  Curves 
DURING  Starting. 


torque  and  a  considerably  lower  current  are  obtained  at  starting, 
and  of  course  a  lower  efficiency  at  normal  load,  but  that  there  is  not 
much  advantage  in  increasing  the  slip  above  10  per  cent.  In  these 
curves  the  rotor  resistance  is  assumed  to  be  unaffected  by  tempera- 
tare. 

The  heating  of  the  motor  is  dependent  upon  the  starting  voltage, 
la  order  to  give  an  idea  of  what  this  heating  may  amount  to,  an 
example  is  given  of  the  starting  of  a  squirrel-cage  motor  which 
drives  by  a  belt  a  heavy  mining  fan.  These  fans,  owing  to  their  great 
inertia,  are  well  known  to  impose  very  eevere  starting  conditions 
upon  squirrel-cage  motors.  The  fan  delivers  100,000  cb.  ft.  of  air 
per  minute  against  4i  in.  w.G.  Its  runner  has  a  weight  of  1  ton 
and  a  radius  of  gyration  of  3  ft.,  and  its  speed  is  415  h.p.ji. 

The  motor  is  of  100  H.P.,  three-phase,  50-cycle,  500  volts, 
720  R.P.M.,  and  starts  on  a  70  per  cent,  voltage  tapping.  It  has  a 
starting  torque  with  the  rotor  cold  of  r75  X  normal  with  full 
voltage,  and  a  normal  slip  of  4  per  cent. 

The  rotor  is  heated  up  during  starting  far  more  than  the  stator. 
It  cools  off  very  rapidly,  and  after  about  1  minute  almost  attains 
its  normal  temperature. 

When  the  motor  is  first  started,  the  rotor  heats  up  so  rapidly  that 
though  the  current  is  diminishing-  the  rate  of  heating  increases, 
owing  to  the  fact  that  the  resistance  of  the  rotor  is  increasing. 
After  30  seconds,  when  the  motor  is  nearly  up  to  speed,  the  rotor 
still  has  a  temperature  rise  of  96°  C,  corresponding  to  sn  increase 
in  slip  of  nearly  40  per  cent,  above  its  slip  when  cold.  On  switch- 
ing over  to  full  voltage  the  motor  comes  up  to  a  speed  of  712  R.P.M., 
and  gradually  creeps  up  to  its  normal  speed  of  720  B.P.M.  as  the 
rotor  cools  r  ff. 

The  rotor  has  a  maximum  temperature  rise  of  126°  C,  meaning 
an  actual  temperature  of  perhaps  150*  C.  This  is  not  exce.'sive, 
since  a  rotor  of  good  design  and  construction  can  stand  tempera- 
tures far  in  excess  of  this  without  deterioration.  When  running 
at  normal  load  the  rotor  has  a  temperature  risecf  less  than  20'  C. 
and  the  heating  which  occurs  during  stnrting  is  entirely  li  cal,  S'nce 
there  is  not  sufficient  time  for  heat  to  be  transmitted  to  the  stator. 

Though  the  temperature  of  150°  C.  is  not  Fufficientto  melt  solder, 
it  would  certainly  be  undesirable  to  use  solder  on  a  rotor  which 
op«rate8  nnder  such  wvere  conditions.  Any  screwed  or  riveted 
oontacts  wonld  be  liable  to  deteriorate  nnder  such  oonditions,  even 


DlHClBBION, 

Prop.  Mii.kh  Walkkr  said  that  with  regard  to  variable-i-pf'd 
control,  he  was  partial  to  the  ui<e  of  auxiliary  macbinen  generating 
u  buck  K.M.K.  Of  course  large  mai-hincs  were  referred  U>.  and  in 
all  probability  the  urv  of  a  booHter  in  the  rotor  circuit  would  I* 
extensively  employed  in  the  futun-.  The  Ixjoiifer  arrangement  wan 
very  simple,  the  rotor  of  the  induction  moti<r  being  txnnected  in 
series  with  the  armature  windings  of  a  pmall  n  r-.  generator  f  zcittd 
from  a  special  small  exoiter.  The  whole  arrangfmtnt  could  eaxily 
he  controlled  by  nntomalic  nwitcbgeor.  and  one  of  the  rimplent 
methods  of  varying  the  speed  was  to  rock  the  brufhes  on  the  n.r. 
generator.  This  arrangement  seerncd  to  have  a  wide  future  for 
rolling  mills.' 

Mr.  Fayk-Hasse.n  said  that  with  slip-ring  motors  of  modern 
design,  espfcially  for  low  periodicity,  the  rush  of  current  if 
switched  en  to  the  full  voltage  might  be  as  large  as,  or  larger  than, 
the  current  taken  by  the  tquirrel-cage  motor  starting  from  an 
auto-transformer.  This  kick,  however,  only  lasted  for  a  very  small 
part  of  a  second,  and  if  required  could  be  greatly  reduced  by  using 
a  switch  having  an  auxiliary  contact  which  at  the  first  step  put  a 
resistance  in  series  with  the  motor.  The  spetd  control  of  fquirrel- 
cage  motors  had  the  disadvantage  that  the  maximum  torque  was 
reduced  as  the  square  of  the  voltage  applied,  so  that  if  a  large 
torque  was  required  at  low  speeds,  the  motor  might  get  unistable. 
It  shared  also  with  the  slip-ring  motor  the  disadvantage  that  if  run 
at  low  speeds,  the  speed  changed  very  much  with  an  alteration  in 
load.  This  and  the  low  efficiency  of  these  motors  at  low  speeds 
justified  in  many  cases  the  use  of  pole-changing  motors  or  cascade 
control  of  some  kind,  notwithstanding  the  increased  cost  and  com- 
plication. Regarding  the  control  of  pole-thanging  sqnirrel-cage 
motors,  it  must  be  nmembered  that  as  a  rule  it  would  not  be 
allowable  to  switch  the  motor  directly  over  frcm  one  speed  to  the 
other,  as  the  rush  of  current  might  then  be  nearly  as  great  as  if  the 
motor  were  started  from  rest  at  full  volt- 
age. In  going  over  from  one  speed  to 
another,  therefore,  the  tappings  on  the 
auto  starter  would,  as  a  rule,  have  to  be 
used.  In  some  cases  multiple-point 
starters  were  called  for.  but  this  was  very 
seldom  justified,  as  nearly  always  the  rush 
of  current  to  start  up  the  motor  was  very 
much  greater  than  the  rush  of  current  in 
switching  over  from  the  starting  tap  to 
full  voltage.  An  important  drawback  to 
the  use  of  multiple  -  point  starters  was 
that  fairly  heavy  currents  wonld  have  to 
be  broken,  while  in  a  two-point  starter, 
as  a  rule,  only  comparatively  small  currents 
were  switched  out.  The  current  dersity 
in  the  motor  at  the  moment  of  switching 
in  was,  approximately,  20,000  amperes  per 
sq.  in.  The  author  was  rather  too  severe 
in  condemning  riveted,  screwed  and  soldered 
joints  in  all  squirrel-cage  motors,  though 
he  was  justified  in  doing  so  in  all  cases 
where  such  heavy  starting  conditions  occurred.  There  had  also 
been  made  some  short-circuited  rotors  without  any  joints  at  all, 
the  winding  being  punched  out  of  sheets,  pulled  into  shape,  and 
then  placed  in  the  slots.  A  winding  having  independent  short- 
circuited  turns  had  the  advantage  that  the  tendency  to 
creeping  speeds  due  to  higher  harmonics  in  the  field  form  was 
reduced. 

Mr.  W.  Cramp  said  the  example  of  constant-speed  drive  in  a 
mill,  as  quoted  by  the  author,  might  be  applied  with  advantage  to 
many  cases  where  a  large  number  of  line  shafts  or  machines  had 
to  be  started  together,  but  he  thought  it  much  better  to  excite 
the  alternator  separately  at  starting.  The  statement  that  the 
rotor  of  a  squirrel-cage  induction  motor  would  run  synchronously 
with  the  magnetic  field  of  the  motor  at  no  load  was  quite 
erroneous.  Whilst  discussing  the  question  of  speed  variation  the 
speaker  referred  to  a  type  of  squirrel-age  rotor  having  two  wind- 
ings^ one  at  the  surface  of  the  rotor  as  usual,  and  the  other 
embedded  in  the  rotor  close  to  the  shaft.  The  effect  of  this 
arrangement  was  that  when  starting,  the  frequency  being  high, 
only  the  outer  winding  would  be  affected,  but  as  the  frequency 
diminished  the  inner  winding  would  come  into  play,  thereby 
reducing  the  rotor  resistance.  Some  years  'ago,  a  repulsion- 
induction  motor  had  been  built  by  him  along  these  lines  with  very 
satisfactory  results.  In  this  case,  the  repulsion  motfr  winding 
was  in  slots  around  the  rotor  periphery,  and  this  winding  carried 
most  of  the  current  at  starting.  Below  this  winding  was  a 
squirrel-cage  rotor  winding,  which,  as  the  motor  approached  syn- 
chronism, carried  more  and  more  current.  The  result  was  a 
machine  having  an  excellent  starting  torque,  a  small  commutator 
with  short  circuited  brushes,  f  xtellent  commutation  and  a  general 
characteristic  load-speed  curve  I'ke  a  crmpound-wonnd  direct- 
current  motor.  It  was  made  originally  for  single-phase  circuits 
and  for  fan  driving.  It  could  be  thrown  straigtit  on  to  the  line 
without  a  starter  as  all  neces.-ary  regulation  could  be  obtained  by 
rocking  the  brushes. 

Mr.  B.  Thomas  said  the  exan^p'es  of  crnstont-spe^d  driving  and 
method  of  starling  up  were  very  interesting,  but  it  was  doubtful 
whether  the  system  could  be  adopted  in  cases  ofjfriction  load.  Some 
friction  loads  were  very  g^-eat,  a  case  in  point  being  that  of  » 
motor-driven  air-oompressor.     When  single-cylinder  mochinee  had 


824 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.  [Voi,  72.  no.  1,839,  febbcaut  21, 1913. 


to  be  dealt  with,  a  startinfr  device  operated  in  conjunction  with 
the  compressor  valves  had  been  found  necessary. 

Mb.  J.  Frith  said  that  partial  insulation  of  the  rotor  winding  on 
gqnirrel-cafre  machines  was  no  erood  at  all.  The  windings  should 
either  be  thoronzhly  well  insulated  or  connected  to  the  core  at 
every  point.  Rotors  of  solid  cast-steel  had  been  used  with  preat 
success  in  crane  work.  They  started  well,  and  owing  to  their  high 
power  factor,  the  current  was  comparatively  small. 

Prof.  Marchant  said  that,  in  the  case  of  one  motor  in  his 
laboratory,  there  was  quite  a  strong  seventh  harmonic  in  the 
flux  wave,  which  caused  the  motor  to  run  fairly  steadily  under 
certain  conditions  at  one-seventh  synchronous  speed.  It  was  some- 
times quite  difficult  to  get  it  to  run  through  this  speed  when 
starting.  This  phenomenon  waa  found  mostly  in  motors  with  a 
small  number  of  slots  per  pole  per  phase,  and  seemed  to  be  particu- 
larly marked  in  motors  which  wer^  fitted  with  pole-changing 
devices.  From  this  point  of  view,  the  wound  rotor  had  an  advantage 
over  the  stiuirrel-cage  rotor. 

The  At  THOU,  in  reply,  said  that  sis  times  normal  was  the  usual 
figure  for  the  starting  current  of  squirrel-case  motors.  Some 
motors,  particularly  high-speed  machines,  took  more  than  this,  but 
if  the  starting  current  was  reduced  much  below  the  figure  quoted, 
trouble  would  probably  arise.  He  wished  to  emphasise  the  desira- 
bility of  aiming  at  a  good  starting  torque.  The  scheme  explained 
by  Prof.  Walker  was  particularly  interesting,  as  some  system  of 
that  kind  was  essential  for  variable  speed  control.  It  was  a  difficult 
matter  to  decide  what  system  to  install  in  rolling  mills,  as  variable 
speed  control  was  essential  in  addition  to  a  heavy  torque.  Regard- 
ing Mr.  Faye-Hansen's  remarks,  what  he  (the  author)  referred  to 
expressly  was  the  current  which  flowed  for  a  second  or  so  after 
switching.  The  determination  of  the  short-circuit  current  was 
far  more  difficult  than  that  of  the  no-load  current.  In  the  case  of 
the  short-circuit  current,  it  was  necessary  to  determine  the  size, 
number  and  shape  of  slots  together  with  details  of  the  end  con- 
nections, and  altogether  it  was  a  complicated  business,  and  if  there 
was  any  doubt  about  calculating  the  value,  a  good  margin  shotild  be 
allowed.  Concerning  the  heating  of  the  rotor  winding,  he  main- 
tained that  in  certain  types  of  windings  there  was  no  time  for  the 
heat  to  be  transferred  to  the  core.  In  many  cases  it  had  been  found 
that  the  heating  of  the  part  of  the  winding  inside  the  corp  was 
greater  than  that  at  the  ends  of  the  core.  The  figures  given  in  the 
paper  formed  a  rf>ugh  idea  of  what  to  expect,  and  it  was  necessary  to 
calculate  the  heating  of  the  windings  as  independent  of  the  core. 
Experience  had  shown  that  it  was  best  to  eliminate  joints  where 
possible,  especially  in  small  machines.  The  rotor  of  a  squirrel-cage 
motor  did  not  exactly  run  synchronously  with  the  magnetic  field, 
but  the  difference  was  so  small  as  to  be  immeasurable.  The  energy 
absorbed  by  a  squirrel-cage  motor  exceeded  that  absorbed  by  a  slip- 
ring  motor  at  starting.  Regarding  the  question  of  saturation,  all 
calculations  had  been  made  assuming  the  current  proportional  to 
the  voltage,  and  this  seemed  a  very  true  estimate.  Squirrel-cage 
motors  were  admirably  suited  to  operating  small  air-compressors. 


Some  Methods  of  Magnifying  Feeble  Signalling  Currents. 

By  S.  G.  Bbown. 

iAhttraot  of  iiseouise  delirered  at  the   Eighth   Annual 

Exhibition  of  Apparatus,  lield  by  the  Physical  Society,  on 

December  I7lh,  1912.) 

Telegraphy  over  long  submarine  cables  is  continually  on  the 
increase,  and  it  is  a  fairly  accurate  statement  that  the  number  of 
messages  sent  doubles  itself  every  10  years.  It  is  therefore 
important  that,  besides  the  increase  in  the  number  of  the  cables 
laid  down  each  year,  means  should  be  devised  to  increase  the  carry- 
ing power. 

The  instruments  which  I  have  invented  and  am  about  to  describe 
were  designed  primarily  for  cable  work,  but  they  are  easily  appli- 
cable to  recording  many  other  kinds  of  signalling  impulses. 

Lord  Kelvin  invented  the  siphon  recorder  about  ir,  years  ago  : 
he  designed  it  so  carefully  that  no  improvement  in  its  sensitiveness 
has  been  brought  about  until  now. 

The  ordinary  siphon  tube  is  about  2i  in.  long  and  from  8  to 
12  mils  in  diameter.  The  moving  coil  consists  of  500  turns  of 
2-mil  wire  at  a  mean  radius  of  ii  in.  The  coil  and  siphon  are 
mounted  on  separate  axes  and  are  connected  by  silk  fibres  so  that 
the  angular  movement  of  the  siphon  is  about  two  to  three  times 
that  of  the  coil.  By  reducing  the  length  of  the  siphon  to  i  in.  and 
•nbstituting  a  narrower  coil  it  is  possible  greatly  to  increase  the 
■ensitivenese  of  the  recorder. 

In  order  to  make  the  inertia  effects  of  the  moving  system  a  mini- 
mnm,  it  is  advisable  to  make  them  equal  for  the  coil  and  the 
siphon.  Even  a  narrow  coil  of  300  turns  has  about  100  times  more 
inertia  than  the  siphon,  so  that  it  is  necessary  to  move  the  siphon 
through  Vrdo  times  the  angle  moved  by  the  coil.  Bv  reducing  the 
number  of  turns  on  the  coil  and  increasing  the  field  it  is  possible 
to  reduce  the  natural  period  for  a  given  sensitiveness  and  back 
EM.F.,  but  in  practice  it  is  inadvisable  to  reduce  the  turns 
on  the  coil  below  50  or  100.  Means  of  magnifying  the  motion 
of  the  coil  and  transmitting  it  to  the  siphon  have  to  be 
used.  In  this  instrument  (fig.  1)  it  is  accomplished  by  means  of  a 
fine  fibre,  E,  which  is  kept  in  tension  by  flat  springs  at  each  end 
The  fibre  is  attached  to  an  arm  carried  by  the  moving  coil  a,  and 
toB  vertical  fibre,  f,  on  the  siphon  suspension. 

The  siphon  is  carried  on  an  aluminium  carrier  to  which  a  single 
central  fibre  is  attached  at  the  top  and  two  parallel  fibres,  f, 
0'2  in.  ftp«rt  below.  One  leg  of  the  siphon  lies  on  the  axis  of  the 
suspension  and  dips  into  a  small  opening  in  a  pipe  extending  from 
the  Ink-pot, 


In  order  to  produce  an  ink  line  on  the  paper  without  introducing 
friction,  the  siphon  must  not  touch  the  paper  even  momentarily, 
and  arrangements  have  been  made  to  jerk  the  ink  in  fine  drops  on 
to  the  paper.  To  accomplish  this  the  whole  of  the  siphon  suspen- 
sion is  vibrated  rapidly  up  and  down  between  the  springs  v  and  K 


Fig.  1. 


by  means  of  the  spring  \',  which  is  attached  to  a  vibrator.  To 
impart  a  jerk  to  the  siphon,  a  stop,  H,  is  fixed  directly  under  the 
axis  of  suspension,  and  two  little  dash-pots,  d  d,  on  either  side 
prevent  the  spring  bouncing  on  the  stop. 

When  the  instrument  is  adjusted  to  have  a  natural  frequency  of 
10"5  per  second,  with  a  300-ohm  300-turn  coil,  a  current  of  50  micro- 
amperes gives  a  full-sized   signal  corresponding  to  a  deflection  of 


Fig.  2. 


01  in.  on  the  paper.  Under  these  conditions  the  back  E.m.f.  of  the 
coil  is  only  about  one-quarter  to  one-fifth  of  that  of  the  ordinary 
recorder  coil. 

Trials  with  this  instrument  have  shown  an  increase  of  speed  of 
,30  per  cent,  on  the  longest  Atlantic  cables. 

In  the  thermo-electric  magnifying  relay,  fig.  2^  the  power  in  the 
relay  circuit  is  generated  by  means  of  five  thermo  junctions  at  diflferent 
temperatures.    The  heat  is  supplied  by  two  little  flames,  0  c,  and  a 


^.    R 


Fig.  3. 

very  light  thermopile,  b,  is  suspended  so  as  to  swing  in  and  out  of 
the  flames,  and  is  coupled  to  a  moving  coil  through  which  the 
received  currents  pass.  The  thermopiles  consist  of  alternate 
junctions  of  platinum  and  platinum  -f  20  per  cent,  indium,  wires 
being  used  of  1  mil.  diameter.  The  wires  are  melted  on  to  a  fine 
glass  tube  about  10  mils  diameter.  For  moving  the  thermopile  In 
the  flames  similar  arrangements  to  those  just  described  for  the 
siphon  recorder  are  employed, 

An   alternative  arrangement    which  gives  greater  scnsitivencM 
and  enables  heavier  thermopiles  to  be  used  is  to  fix  the  thermopUei 


Vol.  73.    No.  l,H:w,FKiiuuAuy21.  191.1.]   TIIK     KLKCTltlCAL     REVIEW. 


825 


•nd  vary  tho  ilnmoH  by  moanH  of  a  valve  or  Hhiitlor  auluatod  by  tho 
ooil  movciiiuntH. 

Ah  the  thcrmopilo  current  (Icpondn  on  the  difTorenco  of  tern- 
pernturu  bc'twecii  tho  jimutionH,  a  certain  time  iH  rc(iuired  to  heat 
the  wiro.H.  It  Ih  found  that  for  cable  work,  where  tho  frequency 
Heldoin  oxcecdH  10  per  Hocond,  the  laur  ih  inappreciable,  but  for  con- 
siderably faster  movemontB  it  becoincH  inioortant.  In  duplex 
workinir,  when  tho  sendinif  current  haw  t-o  be  balanced  ho  an  not  to 
affect  the  receiver,  quick  "  jarry  "  inovementH  are  very  diflicult  to 
eliminate,  but  the  lag;  in  tho  thorinu  inHtruinent  roducoH  thoHC 
movnmonts  very  conRiderably  and  is  a  valuable  property. 

VVlien  a  thermopile  with  Hoven  junctionH  on  each  side  was 
doflocted  0075"  the  current  sent  throuffh  a  rcBistance  of  '12  ohms 
{equal  to  its  own  resistance)  wan  0*81  milliampere.  With  the 
natural  period  of  the  coil  equal  to  87  per  second  and  a  480-ohm 
480-turn  coil,  a  current  of  0'03  milliampere  throufrh  tho  coil  (jave 
a  cuifrent  of  0  81  milliampere  from  the  pile  throufjh  an  external 
resistance  of  42  ohms.  For  slowly  chanfjinpf  currents  this  corres- 
ponds to  a  maprnifioation  of  piwer  of  about  27  times,  and,  of 
course,  this  can  be  jjreatlj  increased  by  reducing  the  period  of  the 
ooil.  For  quickly  chanfjing  movements  the  power  masrnification  is 
not  80  preat,  owinfr  to  the  back  e.m.k.  of  the  coil.  Trials  of  this 
instrnment  on  an  Atlantic  cable  have  shown  an  increase  in  speed 
of  about  40  per  cent. 

The  instrument  just  described  is  a  magnifying  relay — that  is  to 
say,  it  multiples  the  impulses  received  in  exact  proportion  to  their 
streng'th.  This  form  of  relay  is  quite  distinct  from  an  ordinary 
make-and-break  relay,  which  delivers  a  constant  current  for  any 
impulse  over  a  certain  strength.  For  very  many  purposes  it  is 
essential  that  received  impulses  should  be  magnified  without  alter- 
ing their  shape,  and  this  can  only  be  done  by  an  instrument  with 
a  constant  magnifying  power. 

This  property  I  will  now  illustrate  in  an  entirely  mechanical 
relay  in  which  movements  operated  by  very  small  forces  are  largely 
increased  in  strength  without  affecting  their  motion.  The  relay 
consists  in  principle  of  a  rotating  spindle  around  which  are  wound 
one  or  more  turns  of  a  flexible  cord.  The  spindle  is  revolved  in 
euch  a  direction  as  to  pull  away  from  the  magnified  forces  and 
towards  the  small  forces  that  control  the  movement.  Suppose  a 
heavy  weight  has  to  be  raised  by  a  force  of  one-tenth  of  the 
amount,  it  will  obviously  be  necessary  to  supply  00  per  cent,  addi- 
tional energy,  and  this  is  supplied  by  the  motor  driving  the  spindle. 
The  magnification  of  force  and  energy  depends  on  the  number  of 
turns  which  the  cord  makes  round  the  spindle  and  follows;  a 
compound  interest  law. 

Fig.  3  shows  an  application  of  the  principle  to  cable  work,  in 
which  the  small  forces  operating  the  coil  A  are  intensified 
sufficiently  to  work  the  coarse  relay  arm  e.  The  spindle  rotates 
away  from  the  relay  arm  b  and  towards  the  coil,  and  produces 
a  much  greater  tension  in  the  fibres  t  than  in  s.  When  the  coil 
swings  on  its  axis  the  tension  is  increased  in  one  of  the  fibres 
and  diminished  in  the  other  and  a  simUar  change  in  a  magnified 
<3egree  takes  place  in  the  fibres  t. 

By  using  means  of  this  sort  it  is  possible  to  work  an  ordinary 
siphon  direct  writer  (which  normally  requires  someiS  milliamperes) 
by  a  current  of  10  microamperes. 


American  Electrical  Installations. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Yokkshike  Section  of  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  Engineers  on  Wednesday,  the  12th  inst.,  Mr.  T. 
Harding  C burton  delivered  a  lecture  on  "Some  American  Electric 
Plants." 

Mr.  Chdeton  dealt  first  with  the  generating  stations  deriving 
their  water  power  from  Niagara.  Tracing  the  history  of  the 
Niagara  Falls  Power  Co.,  he  stated  that  the  three  present  stations 
of  the  company  had  a  total  capacity  of  160,000  H.P.  The  two 
stations  on  the  American  side  had  in  operation  21  generators,  each 
capable  of  delivering  continuously  5,000  e.h.p.,  whilst  the  station 
on  the  Canadian  side  had  five  generators  of  10,000  e  h.p.  The  three 
stations  were  interconnected  so  that  either  power  house  could  act  as  a 
reserve  for  the  other  two.  The  turbines  in  the  American  power 
house  No.  1  were  Fourneyron  inverted  twin  turbines  designed  by 
Faesch  &■  Piccard,  of  Geneva,  those  in  power  house  No.  2  were 
Francis  single  turbines,  equipped  with  draught  tubes,  and  designed 
by  Escher,  Wyss  &  Co.,  of  Zurich  :  and  the  turbines  in  the 
Canadian  plant  were  Francis  double  inward  discharge  turbines, 
with  draught  tubes,  designed  by  the  same  firm.  All  the 
generators  ran  at  a  speed  of  250  r.p.m.  Speaking  of  the  Elec- 
trical Development  Co.,  of  Ontario,  and  the  Ontario  Power  Co.,  he 
described  their  machinery  in  detail,  and  mentioned  that  from  the 
transformers  at  one  of  the  sub-stations  of  the  latter  company,  the 
voltage  was  stepped  up  to  60,000  volts,  at  which  voltage 
etiergy  was  transmitted  as  far  as  Syracuse,  New  York  Stat*,  ItiO 
miles  away.  The  line  consisted  of  aluminium  conductors  1 J  in.  in 
diameter,  carried  on  steel  towers,  55  ft.  hish  to  the  top  wire,  with 
an  average  span  of  500  ft.,  the  insulators  being  of  porcelain  and 
weighing  35  lb.  each.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  station 
the  current  was  sent  out  untransformed  at  12,000  volts,  and 
delivered  to  the  transformer  station  of  the  Hydro-Electric  Power 
Commission  of  the  Psovince  of  Ontario  for  transmission  and  distri- 
bution at  110,000  volts.  The  system  of  transmission  lines  of 
this  Commission  was  300  miles  in  length,  and  included  muni- 
cipalities within  a  distance  of  about  150  miles  from  Niagara, 
embracing  the  City  of  Toronto.  The  current  w&s  at  25  cycles,  and 
he  noticed  that  in  large  rooms  where  there  were  many  lamps  the 
flicker  due  to  the  low  frequency  was  quite  perceptible,  particularly 
from  lamps  not  directly  in  the  line  of  vision.     Mr.  Churton  went 


on  to  doHcribo  two  hydroeloctrio  plantii  in  Kritinh  Colnrabt* — one, 
that  of  tliu  Krilinb  Columbia  Kloctrio  Railway  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  the 
other,  that  of  thn  VVi!Ht<!rn  C.'atioda  Power  Co. -the  wattjr  for  which 
woH  dcrivitd  from  Luki;  Kiintz'.-n  and  Lake  Htavo  rmpi^-.tively.  In 
the  ca»«  of  the  liriti'th  Columbia  Kloctcic  Railway  Co  ,  h<j  p«aid  that 
tho  company  aim)  Huppliod  light  and  power,  and  a  notablu  incrMuie 
in  tho  conHumptlon  at  private  roHidenceH  ha<l  been  obH<:rve'l,  which 
was  due  to  the  adoption  of  electrical  cooklnif  and  hcatini;  appli- 
ancCH.  Horo,  also,  the  uho  of  ele<;tri'uty  for  illuminati:d  iiignH 
for  advortiHing  i>urpoHeH  had  been  developed  to  a  mo»t  wonderful 
extent.  Among  tho  special  featarex  at  the  Vancouver 
sub-station  of  this  company  might  be  mentioned  tho  in- 
stallation of  three  six-phaio  (>0-f.ycle  rotary  converters,  which 
were  among  the  largest  of  their  kind  in  the  world.  Speaking  in 
regard  to  two  steam-driven  plantH  which  he  had  visited — the  Delray 
plant  of  the  Detroit  Edison  Cj.  and  the  FiHk  Street  plant  of  the 
Commonwealth  Edison  Co.,  Chicago — he  said  the  featurei  that 
struck  him  particularly  were  the  large  Bi/.e  of  generating  nnita 
adopted,  the  compaotnesH  of  the  plantn,  the  grnat  extent  of  the 
labour  saving  deviccH  and  the  excellent  organisation  and  appoint- 
ments everywhere  ob.served.  At  the  Delray  station  the  CjaJ  oon- 
Bumption  was  equal  to  about  2  23  lb.  per  KW.-hour  delivered,  the 
thermal  value  of  the  coal  being  14,000  units,  and  the  cost  delivered 
about  lO.j.  aton.  The  Fisk  Street  station  plant  already  contained 
10  14,000-K\v.  sets,  but  the  demand  was  so  great  that  an  extension 
was  now  in  progress  which,  when  completed,  would  embrace  four 
additional  sets  of  2.5,000  kw.  each  ;  the  first  of  these  sets  was  being 
built  at  Messrs.  C.  A.  Parsons's  works  at  Heatonon-Tyne.  This 
generator  would  be  capable  of  giving  continuously  25,000  KW.,  but 
its  most  economical  load  would  ba  20,000  KW.  ;  it  would  generate 
three-phase  current  at  2.")  cyoles,  4.500  volte,  at  a  speed  of  7.'i0  R.p.m. 
The  lecture  was  very  fully  illustrated  by  means  of  lantern  slides. 

In  the  course  of  a  discussion  which  followed,  many  questions 
were  asked,  and  Mr.  Churton,  in  reply,  said  he  thought  the  reason 
for  using  25  cycles  was  that  it  afforded  greater  facilities  for  long- 
distance transmission  than  higher-frequency  current  did.  As  to 
charges  for  power,  the  price  in  Toronto  was  2  Jd.  per  unit  for  the  first 
50  units  used  in  a  month,  \A.  for  the  second  50  units,  and  }d.  for  the 
third  50  units.  At  Vancouver  for  power  there  was  a  charge  of  48, 
par  H.P.  on  the  rated  load  per  month,  plus  Jd.  per  unit  used,  np  to 
100  H.P.,  over  that  Id.  per  unit  up  to  200  h.p  ,  and  over  200  H.P.  id. 
per  unit.  At  Toronto,  for  lighting  the  charee  was  4d.  per  unit  for 
the  first  25  units,  and  a  reduction  of  lid.  per  unit  for  all  over  that. 
At  Vancouver  the  charge  for  lighting  was  5d.  for  the  first  50  units 
and  a  sliding  scale  down  to  1 J d.  per  unit  for  all  over  1,500  units 
per  month.  In  regard  to  a  question  as  to  liability  to  accidents,  he 
thought  that  the  construction  was  so  very  strong  that  the  liability 
there  was  rather  less  than  it  was  here,  and,  of  course,  the  high 
voltage  made  no  practical  difference  to  the  risk  of  shock.  In  regard 
to  generating  costs,  he  took  it  that  the  prices  at  which  the  energy 
was  sold  were  a  fair  indication,  but  it  should  be  remembered  that  the 
generating  costs  of  water-power  plants  were  made  up  in  a  totally 
different  way  from  those  of  steam  plants.  The  cost  of  running  a 
water-plant  station  must  be  fabulously  less,  because  the  labour  bill 
was  next  to  nothing.  In  a  power  house  with  50,000  or  60,000  H.P. 
there  would  be  one  man  walking  about  the  place  with  practically 
nothing  to  do.  In  regard  to  wayleaves,  the  lines  that  went  from 
Niagara  to  Toronto  were  over  private  ground  all  the  way,  and  to  a 
large  extent  that  would  apply  to  the  others  ;  where  public  roads 
were  crossed  there  were  additional  protections  and  safeguards. 


CONTROL  OF  METERS  AND  LAMPS  FROM 
THE  CENTRAL  STATION, 


On  Friday  last  we  took  part,  on  the  invitation  of  Messrs.  Handcock 
and  Dykes,  in  a  visit  to  Staines  to  witness  a  demonstration 
of  a  new  system  of  controlling  apparatus  connected  with  a 
network  of  distributing  mains,  without  the  use  of  pilot  wires  and 
without  affecting  any  other  consuming  apparatus  on  the  mains  in 
any  way.  The  new  system  is  the  joint  invention  of  Mr.  W.  Daddell, 
President  I.E.E.,  and  Messrs.  Handcock  i:  Dykes,  and  was  described 
in  a  recent  communication  to  the  Journal  of  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  Engineers,  from  which  we  abstract  the  following  par- 
ticulars : — 

The  underlying  principle  is  to  control  relays,  which  may  be 
inserted  anywhere  on  the  general  system  of  mains,  by  means  of 
a  superposed  current  impressed  on  the  main  current  flowing  in 
the  system.  If  the  main  current  be  continuous,  then  the 
control  current  may  be  alternating,  of  any  desired  frequency. 
If  the  main  current  be  alternating,  then  the  impressed  current 
must  be  of  a  different  frequency,  the  relay  in  either  case  beinir 
so  designed  that,  while  it  instantly  responds  to  the  impressed 
current,  it  is  unaffected  by  any  alteration  of  the  main  current  or 
pressure. 

As  long  as  the  feeder  bus-bar  voltage  is  kept  constant  the  amount 
of  power  supplied  to  consumers  is  practically  unaffected  by  the 
ripple.  The  output  of  the  main  generators  is  simply  reduced  by 
an  amount  equivalent  to  the  power  produced  by  the  "  ripple 
generator." 

In  direct-current  systems  the  solution  is  simple.  The  relay  is 
connected  as  a  shunt  across  the  mains  and  in  parallel  with  the 
lamps  and  with  the  meter  to  be  controlled.  If  a  conddnoer  be 
placed  in  series  with  the  relay,  it  is  obvious  that  as  long  as  there  iii 
only  a  continuous  voltage  on  the  mains,  no  current  passes  thxongk 


326 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.  72.   No.  1,839,  febbuaey  21, 1913. 


the  relay.  As  soon,  however,  as  an  alternating  voltaere  is  impressed 
on  the  mains  a  current  pa^si's  through  the  relay  and  caases  it  to 
actuate  the  particular  mechanism  required. 

When  the  main  supply  is  alternating-  the  problem  is  not  so 
simple,  inasmuch  as  the  condenser  will  allow  a  current  to  pass 
through  the  relay  from  the  main  200-volt  50  cycle  supply  as  well 
as  from  the  small  superposed  ripple.  The  relay  must  in  this  case 
be  made  "selective,"  so  that  it  will  operate  only  when  a  current 
of  the  selected  frequency  is  impressed  on  th"!  line.  Such  a 
selective  relay  is  also  to  be  preferred  for  a  direct-current  supply  as  it 
enables  several  relays  adjusted  for  different  frequencies  to  be 
employed,  any  one  of  which  can  be  brought  into  action  as 
reqnireil. 

In  order  to  achieve  this  result,  the  inventors  take  advantasre  of 
the  principle  of  resonance,  and  so  choose  the  splf-induction  of  the 
relay  L,  and  the  capacity  of  the  condenser  K,  that  at  the  frequpncy 
F,  at  which  the  relay  is  intended  to  operate,  they  are  in  resonance, 
whilst  at  the  normal  frequency  they  are  not.  That  is  to  say, 
neglecting  resistance,  the  following  relation  is  established  : — 
L  X  K  X  (2  s-  F)^  =  1. 

When  this  relation  holds,  the  potential  differences  between  the 
terminals  of  the  relay  and  of  the  condenser  are  much  greater  than 
the  applied  potential  difference,  and,  consequently,  the  current 
passing  through  both  the  relay  and  the  condenser  is  much  greater 


Fig.  1. 


Fig.  2. 


than  that  due  to  the  applied  voltage.  The  two  potential  differences 
are  out  of  phase  with  each  other,  and  their  vector  sum  is  equal  to 
the  applied  voltage.  In  practice  they  find  the  potential  difference 
between  the  terminals  of  the  relay  coil  at  the  resonance  frequency 
to  be  some  10  times  the  applied  potential  difference. 

It  is  found  best  to  adopt,  on  alternating  circuits,  frequencies 
comprised  between  the  third  and  fifth  harmonics  of  the  supply. 

A  satisfactory  value  for  theR.M  s.  value  of  the  superposed  voltage 
is  .0  per  cent,  of  the  supply  voltage,  whether  direct  or  alternating. 
That  is  to  say,  on  a  100- volt  circuit,  direct  or  alternating,  the  K.si.s. 
voltage  of  the  ripple  is  to  be  .5.  The  simple  resonance  circuit 
described  above  works  perfectly  in  the  case  of  a  d.c.  supply,  and 
has  many  advantages  over  the  non-resonant  relay  ;  but  in  the  case 
of  an  A.c.  supply,  unless  the  resonance  be  made  unduly  sharp,  or 
there  be  a  large  difference  between  the  frequencies,  the  condenser 
K  and  relay  L  will  let  through  sufficient  current  at  the  supply 
frequency  to  attract  the  armature  of  the  relay. 

To  get  over  this  difficulty  the  inventors  add  a  compensating 
circuit  to  the  relay,  as  illustrated  in  fig.  1,  where  L  is  the  relay  coil, 
the  armature  and  core  being  omiittd  for  the  sake  of  clearness.  On 
top  of  this  coil  is  wound  a  second  coil,  Li,  which  may  have,  roughly, 
the  same  number  of  turns,  and  this  coil  is  connected  in  series  with 
a  choking  coil,  L2,  having  a  high  sell-induction.  The  current 
through  the  condenser  k  and  relay  coil  due  to  the  supply  frequency, 
say  .50,  leads  almost  90°  on  the  applied  potential  difference.  The 
current  through  the  choking  coil  L2  and  compensating  windings 
Li  is  made  to  lag  about  90°.  If  these  two  currents  be  adjusted 
to  approximate  equality,  their  action  on  the  core  of  the  relay  can  be 
made  very  small.  A  compensated  resonance  relay  of  this  sort  will 
work  with  certainty  at  5  volts  at  200  frequency  and  will  take  no 
notice  of  100  volts  at  .50  frequency.  This  relay  would  only  operate 
when  it  should  not  if  the  voltage  of  supply  were  allowed  to  rise 
from  100  to  somewhat  over  200  volts,  so  there  is  no  fear  of  failure 
from  this  cause. 

Failure  takes  place  when  the  superposed  voltage  is  reduced  to 
about  3'5  volts.  It  the  superposed  voltage  be  maintained  at  its 
normal  value  of  5  volts  a  variation  of  some  '>  per  cent,  can  be  made 
either  way  in  the  frequency  before  the  relay  tails  to  act. 

The  relays  are  adjusted  for  use  on  a  ICO- volt  .'.O-frequency  supply. 
The  capacity  of  the  condenser  k  is  2  mfd.,  and  the  self-induction 
of  the  relay  winding  L,  0  3  henry.  The  compensating  winding  Lj 
is  wound  closely  on  top  of  L,  and  has  approximately  the  same 
number  of  turns.  The  choke  coil  Lj  is  adjusted  until  the  force 
acting  on  the  armature  produced  by  the  .50-freqnency  current  is  a 
minimum.  Under  these  conditions  there  flow  through  k  and  l,  and 
also  through  Lj  and  Li,  two  currents,  each  approximately  006 
ampere,  and  having  a  phase  difference  of  somewhat  less  than  180'. 
The  current  taken  from  the  mains  is  the  vector  sum  of  these  two 
currents  and  only  amounts  to  002  ampere.  The  true  power  taken 
at  50  frequency  and  100  volts  is  07  watt.  At  200  frequency  and 
5  volts,  the  currents  through  the  two  circuits  are  no  longer  equal,  that 
through  K  and  L  being  01. 5  ampere  and  that  through  Lj  and  Li  O'Ol 
ampere.  The  current  through  the  relay  winding  is  nearly  in  phase 
with  theapplied  potential  difference  between  the  mains,  whilst  thecur- 
rent  through  the  compensating  winding  Li  lags  about  90°.  Hence,  the 
ampere-turns  on  the  two  windings  of  the  relay  are  nowhere  nearly 
equal,  and  consequently  there  is  a  force  acting  on  the  armature. 
The  actual  power  taken  at  200  frequency  and  5  volts  is  about 
07  watt. 


These  figures  are  given  as  an  example.  It  is  of  course  quite 
easy  to  modify  them  by  slight  alterations  in  the  windings  of  the 
coil.  The  windings  on  the  relay  coil  are  arranged  so  that  the 
current  would  flow  round  the  core  in  the  same  direction  if  a  con- 
tinuous current  could  be  passed  through  the  two  circuits  as  con- 
nected up,  that  is  to  say,  if  the  condenser  were  short-circuited.  This 
means  that  the  two  windings  can  be  converted  into  one,  and 
the  arrangement  illustrated  in  fig.  2  can  be  used,  which  is  electri- 
cally identical  with  that  in  fig.  1. 

In  order  to  superpose  the  ripple  on  the  supply,  whether  DC.  or 
.\.C,,  the  simplest  way  is  to  put  a  small  high-frequency  alternator 
in  series  with  the  main  generators.  Where  high  voltages  are 
employed,  and  also  in  the  case  of  direct-current  supply,  the 
secondary  of  a  transformer  can  be  placed  in  series  with  the  main 
generators  and  the  primary  be  connected  to  the  high-frequency 
alternator.  Spveral  relays  adjusted  for  different  frequencies  can  be 
connected  to  the  same  supply  and  be  brought  into  action  by  vary- 
ing the  speed  of  the  high-frequency  alternator. 

By  insetting  relays  in  the  bases  of  the  lamp-posts,  street  lightings 
can  be  switched  on  or  off  from  the  station,  either  as  a  whole  or  in 
sections  as  may  be  desired.  Arc  lamps  or  high-power  lamps  can  be 
switched  off  at  any  desired  time  and  smaller  lamps  substituted  for 
them.  Transformers  in  sub-stations  can  be  cut  in  and  out  exactly 
as  required.  Effective  control  can  be  maintained  over  the  main 
switch  on  the  premises  of  consumers  who  are  taking  current  at 
special  rates  during  restricted  hours.  In  return  for  a  small  pay- 
ment shopkeepers  can  have  lights  burning  for  window  display  or 
for  advertising  purposes  till  any  agreed  hour,  when  they  can  be 
switched  off  from  the  station  by  means  of  a  relay  fixed  on  the  pre- 
mises. In  many  residential  districts  public  clocks  are  either 
absent  or  so  unreliable  that  a  ready  means  of  setting  the  domestic 
clocks  would  be  very  desirable,  and  there  are  a  number  of  people 
who  would  be  very  willing  to  pay  a  small  sum  per  annum  to  have 
installed  on  their  premises  a  relay  which  would  be  actuated  from 
the  station,  and  would  give  an  audible  signal  daily  at,  say,  8  a.m. 
Greenwich  mean  time. 

The  compensated  resonance  relay  should  be  of  considerable  assist- 
ance in  electric  track  signalling  on  railways. 

The  increasing  u^e  of  electricity  for  various  domestic  purposes 
other  than  lighting  has  increased  the  need  for  some  simple  system 
of  charging.  Every  one  can  understand  selling  current  at  one 
price  when  the  station  is  busy,  i.e.,  at  peak  load,  and  at  a  much 
lower  price  at  slack  times,  when  otherwise  some  of  the  plant  would 
be  more  or  less  idle.  It  does  not  matter  in  the  least  to  the  station 
for  what  purpose  the  current  is  used.  In  some  A.c.  stations  in  resi- 
dential districts  the  two-rate  system  has  been  introduced  as  an 
alternative  to  a  flat  rate,  and  by  far  the  greater  number  of  con- 
sumers have  elected  to  take  the  two-rate  system  despite  the 
increased  meter  rental  entailed  by  the  necessity  of  having  two 
separate  meters  and  a  clock  switch.  In  such  districts  where  the 
plant  is  always  running,  one  can  obviously  afford  to  sell  current 
at  a  low  rate  off  the  hours  of  peak  load. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  "  two-rate  system  '  presents  many  advan-  • 
tages,  but  the  necessity  for  constantly  altering  the  setting  of  the 
clocks  and  winding  and  keeping  them  in  order  is  a  serious 
drawba  k.  Where  two-rate  meters  are  already  installed,  a  simple 
relay,  as  described  above  (to  which  the  name  of  "  Handyell  "  has  been 
given,  pronounced  "  handle  "),  can  take  the  place  of  the  clock  switch, 
thus  effecting  a  considerable  saving  in  first  cost  and  in  cost  of  upkeep. 
It  has,  moreover,  the  advantage  that  the  time  of  operation  can,  if 
desired,  be  adjusted  each  day  to  suit  the  variation  in  the  time  of 
peak  load. 

This  dispenses  with  the  clock,  but  the  inventors  propose  to  go 
further  and  make  the  ordinary  meter  serve  the  purpos-e  of  a  two- 
rate  meter.  At  Staines,  on  the  system  of  the  Egham  and  Staines 
Electricity  Co.,  Ltd.,  to  which  Messrs.  Handcock  &  Dykes  are  the 
consulting  engineers,  electrical  energy  is  sold  at  7d.  per  unit  ;  it 
was  found  that  there  was  a  lively  demand  for  a  supply  off  the  peak 
at  2d.  per  unit,  with  two-rate  meters,  and  the  engineers,  observi^g 
that  if  a  consumer's  meter  were  stopped  for  five  minutes  and 
allowed  to  run  for  two  minutes,  the  result  would  be  the  same  as 
that  given  by  a  two-rate  meter,  decided  to  adopt  this  method  of 
charging.  A  small  alternator  is  installed  at  the  generating  station, 
with  a  synchronous  motor  to  drive  it,  and  an  automatic 
arrangejient  of  cams  and  switches  is  used  to  break  the 
field  circuit  of  the  alternator  for  two  minutes  out  of  every  seven. 
During  the  other  five  minutes  the  alternator,  which  has  a  frequency 
of  200  cycles  and  voltage  of  HO  volts,  and  is  connected  in  series 
with  the  2,000-volt  mains,  supplies  the  "  ripple  "  superposod  upon 
the  .50-cycle  supply  ;  each  meter  to  be  controlled  is  provided  with 
a  resonance  relay,  which  breaks  the  shunt  of  the  meter  while  the 
ripple  is  flowing,  with  the  aid  of  a  small  mercury  switch  of  the 
type  widely  used  in  sign  flashers,  and  therefore  of  proved  re- 
liability. It  should  be  mentioned  that  the  supply  is  given  through 
house  transformers  at  100  volts,  so  that  the  actual  voltage  of  the 
ripple  on  the  secondary  circuit  is  about  .5  volts,  allowing  2  volts  for 
drop  in  the  mains. 

During  the  peak,  the  high-frequency  alternator  is  shut  down  and 
short-circuited,  so  that  the  meters  work  full  time.  The  system  has 
been  in  successful  operation  for  some  months,  and  no  difficulty  has 
been  met  within  explaining  it  to  consumers. 

The  continuous  consumption  of  power  is  07  watt  per  relay  at 
.50  cycles  :  when  the  ripple  is  in  operation,  a  further  07  watt  is 
consumed,  at  200  cycles,  making  r4  watts  per  meter,  but  during 
this  period  (.5  out  of  7  min.)  the  shunt  loss  of  the  meter,  say,  I'B 
watts,  is  cut  off.  During  the  remaining  two  minute-",  the  shunt 
loss  and  the  relay  loss  are  added,  so  that,  on  the  whole,  there  is  a 
slight  net  loss  due  to  the  use  of  the  relays. 

In  such  a  case  as  the  above,  the  high-frequency   alternator  mnfl 


voi.ya.   No.  i,8:i<j,  FBnuuAUY2i,  I'ji.i.i    THE    F!^.'F»;TR10AL    ic'J'Wil.vv. 


:i'27 


be  capable  of  ciirryinif  tho  whole  of  the  Hupjily  current  corj- 
tinuouwly,  and  of  (ironorntiiiir  the  prrHHure  neccHHary  for  Ihn  ripple, 
but  the  power  rcciiiirod  to  drive  it  in  only  a  fraction  of  itH  KV.A. 
ratini;  tliim  di'rived.  At  SlaincH,  the  inaiim  are  Hin(f le-phiiNO  con- 
contrio  with  the  outer  earthed,  a!id  the  hii;li  fre((ii(ney  generator  in 
oonneoted  in  werien  with  the  earthed  conductor  ;  but  it  in  im|)ortant 
to  obf'orvo  that  the  "  Handyell  "  HyHtein  i«  entirely  independent  of 
"earth,"  and  is,  obviouHly,  c()ually  applicable  to  a  wholly  insulated 
HyHtnni.  It  will  undoubtedly  prove  a  valuable  aid  to  the  ceiitral- 
Btation  en);iiiccr. 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 


New  Pattern  "Stannos"  House  Xcd-Fuse  Box. 

Mkhsh.s.  Sikmkns  Uros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  arc  placirpf  a  new  house 
fuse  box  on  the  market  which  is  exceptionally  compact,  neat  in 
appearance,  and,  we  understand,  low  in  price.  Fi(r.  1  shows  an 
open  fuse  box  (half  size)  wired  with  "Stanncs"  wire  on  the  con- 
centric system.     The  continuity  of   the   "Stannos"  sheathin^  is 


Pig.  1. — Stannos  House 
Zed-Fuse  Box. 


Fig.  2.— BT.H.  Pull-Chain 
Switch  Holder. 


maintained  by  means  of  "Twiston"  connectors  terminating  at  the 
left-hand  corner,  tffici»nt  cf  ntact  being'  ensured  by  means  of  the 
screw,  as  shown.  The  box  ia  also  eminently  suitable  for  use  with 
ordinary  braided  wires.  It  has  a  capacity  up  to  I.t  amperes. 
Further  particulars  can  be  obtained  from  the  makers. 

B.T.H.  PiiU-Chain  Switch  Holder. 

Wb  referred  briefly  in  our  last  issue  to  the  ing-enious  pull-chain 
switch  holder  recently  placed  on  the  market  by  the  British 
Thomson-Houston  Co  ,  Ltd.  We  are  now  tnabUd  to  give  a  more 
detailed  description,  with  illustrations  C6g.  2).  The  stiff,  jerky 
action  of  the  ordinary  key-switch  holder  has  always  been 
recognised  as  a  serious  demerit,  because  of  the  risk  of  lamp 
breakace.  The  new  B.T.H.  Pull-chain  Switch-Holder  has  a 
horizontal  rotary  action,  controlled  by  a  beaded  chain  hangingr 
from  the  top  of  the  holder.  This  action  is  so  "sweet"  and  easy 
that  the  lamp  can  be  switched  on  and  off  without  the  slightest 
▼ibration.  Twelve  inches  of  chain  are  supplied  with  each  holder,  so 
that  if  it  is  attached  to  ceiling'  fittings,  the  switching  can  easily  be 
done  from  the  ground.  The  contractor  who  fits  a  B.T.H.  Pull- 
chain  Holder  to  a  table  standard,  and  keeps  it  standine  on  his 
counter,  is  sure  to  make  sales  to  many  people  who  pull  the  chain 
ont  of  curiosity,  and  then  want  to  buy  the  whole  equipment. 


The  "FofH"  Car  Llirhtin?  I);nanio. 

The  latest  dynamo  dei-i|fnei|  for  ehiitric  liifhtini^  purirfircii  on 
motor-cars,  is  that  which  has  iuiit  item  put  on  the  marki-t  hj 
Mkhhiih.  UiciiAiil)  I'Al'i;,  Ltd.,  Iklvcdero  Workc,  Belvedere,  Kent. 
Tho  madiine,  which  is  electrically  i'clf-((overnin(f,  Ih  dr-niKiied  fjr 
UM!  with  the  well-known  "  Fors "  12-volt  cU.rBKc  batUry.  Tho 
dynamo,  incltiHive  of  the  autoswitch,  meanureH  ledii  than  10  in. 
lonif  ^  H  in.  wide  and  Cj  in.  hii^li,  and  wciifhs  20  lb.  complete  an 
illu»trated  (tig.  :t).  The  normal  Hix-ed  is  2,000  HI-  .VI.  and  the  maximum 
output  in  jfiO  watts.  The  milkers  claim  the  followintr,  amoni; 
other  udvantiiges,  for  it:  Accrm-ibility  of  the  bru^h^H  and  com- 
mutator, duMt-pn.of  joints,  abnolutely  toni-tont  voltnift  by  a  npeciftl 
design  of  lield  magnets,  and  abnence  of  mechonical  compleiity. 

The  brufh  casinjf  can  be  readily  detached  by  r«movinjf  a  lockiiiff 


Fig.  3.— "Fors"  Car  Lighting  Dynamo. 


fitud,  and  ithe  position  of  the  brushes  may  be  varied  to  obtain 
the  best  result.  The  magnetic  switch  is  bracketed  to  the  carcass 
so  that  the  whole  is  s^lf  contained.  The  voltage  regulation  ia 
effected  by  means  of  supplementary  pole  shoes,  in  conjunction 
with  the  field  magnet,  their  purpose  being  to  divert  part  of  the 
flux  of  the  main  magnets.  When  the  voltage  of  the  dynamo  is 
sufficient,  the  automatic  switch  closes  the  circuit  between  the 
dynamo  and  the  battery,  and  when  the  speed  is  too  low  it  dis- 
connects the  battery  from  the  dynamo.  A  12-volt  battery  of 
40  amp.-hours  capacity  is  intended  to  be  used  with  this  installa- 
tion, but  preferably  a  75  amp.-hour  battery  is  employed  when  the 
vehicle  is  required  for  constant  use  at  night  with  fairly  loug 
periods  of  intermittent  use  of  the  engine.  A  neat  switchboard 
forms  part  of  the  installation. 

New  Westiiighouse  Oil-Break  Switch. 

The  British  Westinghouse  Co.  has  recently  brought  out  a 
small  oil-break  switch  suitable  for  switchboard  mounting  on  AC. 
three-phase,  ."lO-period  circuits  up  to  125  amperes  and  650  volts.  It 
is  constructed  on  the  well-known  metal  and  mica  principle  and  has 
one  or  two  unique  features.  The  S'svitch  is  simple  in  design  and 
sound  in  construction,  as  will  be  recognised  from  fig.  4,  which 
shows  the  switch  with  tank  removed.      It  will  be  seen  that  the 


Fig.  4.— Small  Westinghouse  Oil  Switch. 


connections  to  the  stationary  contacts  pass  ont  through  the  side  of 
the  slate  or  other  insulating  material,  this  arrangement  making;  it 
most  convenient  for  connecting  up. 

Above  the  slate  slab,  on  the  left-hand  side,  the  overload  coils  are 
shown,  and  these  operate  the  tripping  bar  in  the  ordinary  way. 
On  the  right-hand  side  of  the  switch,  the  no-volt  release  coil  is 
fitted. 


328 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,    [voi.72.   No.  i,839,febbcaby2i,  i9i». 


The  switch  is  fitted  with  a  loose  handle  arranffement,  and  it  is 
impossible  to  close  it  when  there  is  no  voltage  on  the  circuit. 

The  three  movinpr  contacts  are  mounted  on  a  steel  bar,  insulated 
with  moulded  mica.  The  rods  which  connect  this  bar  to  the 
operating  mechanism  are  of  steel,  and  pass  through  guides  secured 
to  the  base  of  the  switch,  thereby  ensuring  that  the  moving 
contacts  have  a  parallel  motion.  It  will  be  noticed  that  spiral 
springs  are  fitted,  thus  giving  a  qnick  break  action  to  the  switch. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR,     1913. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 

Oomplled  expressly  for  this  journal  by  Mksses.  W.  P.  Thompbon  &  Co., 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Horbom,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addreBsed, 


3,718.  "  Electric  inmaces."  F.  C.  Wart>at,t,  and  J.  Mabcuant.  Feb- 
mary  3rd. 

2,782.  "  Electrical  Bwitchgear."  A.  L.  Tacklky  and  Chloride  Electrical 
Storage  Co.,  Ltd.    February  3rd, 

2.710.    "Electric  heating  devices."     P.  Good.    February  3rd. 

2,749.  "  Telephone  transmission  circuit."  H.  C.  Eoebton.  (Convention 
date,  July  18th,  1912,  United  States.)    February  3td.    (Complete.) 

2,752.  "Electromagnetic  service  meter  (or  telephone  exchangee,  and  (or 
ether  purposes."  Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  E.  A.  Peiithort.  Feb- 
ruary Srd.    (Complete.) 

2.757,  "Electrical  switches."  W.  McGeocu  &  Co,,  LTD.,ajid  W.  T.  Rey- 
K0LD8.    February  Srd. 

2.758.  "  Electrical  switches."  W.  McGeocb  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  W.  McQeoch, 
tw.    February  Srd. 

2,7G4.  "  Lampholder  used  (or  imitation  candles  and  other  electric  light  pur- 
poses."   E.  Phillips.    February  Srd. 

2,772.  "Cutout  (or  motor  and  other  electric  circuits."  A.  E,  Cullet. 
February  Brd. 

2.778.  "  Electromagnetic  switching  mechanism  (or  heavy  current  switches 
with  automatic  release."  Bebomann  Elektricitats  Werke  Akt.-Ges. 
(Convention  date,  February  Ist,  1912,  Germany.)    February  Srd. 

2,781.  "  Electric  circuit  closing  bolts  or  latches  lor  doors."  P.  R.  J.  Willis. 
(O.  A.  Spring,  United  States.)    February  Srd. 

3,803.  "  Ignition  devices  (or  internal-combustion  engines."  B.  Hopps- 
February  3rd. 

2.830.  "  Electric  (ootwarmer  to  be  used  in  connection  with  an  electric 
battery  or  dynamo  fitted  to  a  motor-oar."  T.  W.  Joyce  and  E.  G.  Halfpenny, 
February  4th. 

3.831.  "Electric  Bparking  plug,  suitable  (or  internal-combustion  engines, 
»he  said  plug  having  an  attachment  to  indicate  any  lorm  of  misflrin?,  and 
also  detachable  firing  points  at  extreme  base."  T.  W.  Joyce,  H.  E.  Hibbs  and 
E.  G.  Halfpenny.    February  4th, 

2,836.    "  Enclosures  (or  arc  lamps."     H.  Ayrton,    February  4th. 

2,888.  "Electric  beatiag  and  cooking  apparatus."  F.  A,  Wilhikbon. 
February  4th. 

3,898.     "  Electric  storage  batteries."    G.  O.  Davies.    February  4th. 

2,901.  "  Electric  incandescent  lamps."  British  Thomson-Houston  Co., 
Ltd.    (General  Electric  (3o.,  United  States.)    February  4th. 

2,908.  "  Construction  o(  portable  secondary  batteries."  E.  J.  Clabe  and 
Habt  AccrircLATOR  Co.    February  4th.     (Complete.) 

2.917.  "  Transmitting  apparatus  lor  use  in  wireless  telegraphy  and  tele- 
phony."   G.  Mabconi.     February  4th. 

3.918.  "Transmitting  apparatus  (or  use  in  wireless  telegraphy  and  tele- 
phony."    G.  Mabconi.     February  4th. 

2.919.  "Transmitting  apparatus  (or  use  with  wireless  telegraphy  and  tele- 
phony."   G.  Mabconi.     February  4th. 

2.928.  "  Telephone  transmitters."  E.  Qbissingeb,  (Divided  application  on 
7,482/1912,  March  27th.)    February  4th.    (Complete.) 

2.929.  "  Telephone  repeater  circuits."  E.  Geissenoer.  (Divided  applica- 
tion on  7,482/1912,  March  27th.)    February  4th.    (Complete.) 

2.930.  "  Telephone  repeater  systems  "  E.  Gbissingeb.  (Divided  applica- 
tion on  7,482,  1912,  March  27th.)    February  4th.    (Ccmplete.) 

2.931.  "  Telephone  lines."  E.  Gbissingeb.  (Divided  application.  No.  7,482, 
1912,  March  27th.)    February  4th.     (Complete.) 

2,946.  "Fittings  designed  (or  employing  direct  and  indirect  lighting  in 
combination."    M.  P.  Maclaren.     February  6th. 

2.951.     "  Electric  imitation  candle."    R.  Gboves.    February  5lh. 

2,958.     "Replaceable  electric  (uses."    A.IWilliams.     February  5th. 

2,971.  "Dynamo-electric  machinery,  particularly  that  used  for  starting 
internal  combustion  engines  (more  especially  motor-cars  and  the  like)."  G.  J. 
BooTT.    February  6th. 

3,978,  "  Methods  o(  compensation  (or  selenium  cells,  and  in  the  applications 
o(  selenium  cells  to  telegiaphy."    H.W.Malcolm.    February  5th. 

2,992.  "  Process  (or  the  manu(acture  o(  filaments,  strips,  films,  Ebeets,  and 
the  like  from  cellulose  solutions  "  Vkreiniote  Glanzstoff  FabrikeN  Akt-Ges, 
(Convention  date,  April  13th,  1912,  Germany.)    Ftbruaty  5ih.    (Complete.) 

3,006.  "Contact  make-and-break  devices  (or  use  with  electric  dashing  signs 
and  the  like."  C.  de  Frettes.  (Convention  date,  February  23rd,  1912,  France.) 
February  6th.    (Complete.) 

0,012.  "  Wireless  telephony."  W.  T.  Ditcham  and  Gbirdell  Matthews 
Wireless  Telephone  Syndicate,  Ltd.    February  6th. 

8,046.  "  Magnetic  seperators."  Bowes,  Scott  A  Western,  Ltd. 
February  5th. 

8,055.  "  Electro-automatic  stop  motion  apparatus  (or  knitting,  weaving,  and 
like  machines."    A.  Runoe.     February  5th. 

8,067.  "Means  (or  effecting  ignition  in  internal  combustion  engines." 
O.  E.  Beyl  and  T.  T.  Baker.     February  5th. 

8,103.  "  Wireless  telegraph,  telephone  or  submarine  signalling  system." 
Badio-Sional  Co.,  Ltd.,  W.  H.  Sbephabd  and  A,  E.  McKf-chme. 
February  Glh. 

8.110.  "  Electric  measuring  instruments."  E.  I.  Everett  and  E.  Edocumbe. 
Tebrnary  6th. 

8.111.  "  Fuses  (or  use  in  electric  circuits."  Spaonoletti,  Ltd.,  and  V.  E. 
Joyce.     February  6th. 

8,112  "Process  (or  mann(actnring  ductile  tungsten  wires  or  filaments." 
Firm  or  J.  Kfip-mkhezky.  (Ckinvention  date,  March  18th,  1912,  Austria.) 
February  6tb.     (Complete.) 

8,132.  "  Circuit  arrangements  (or  telephone  exchanges."  Siimens  4  Balrke 
Ast-Oes.  (Convention  date,  February  Gth,  1912,  Germany.)  Februaiy  6th. 
Oomplete.) 

8,148.  "Electric  heating  and  drying  apparatus."  British  Tbohsor- 
BoDBTO*  Ck>.,  Ltd.    (General   Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    February  6ib. 

8,162.  "  Method  of  making  sheet',  rods,  wireB,  filaments  and  the  like  of 
tungsten  and  molybdenum  or  alloys  thereof."  WESTiNoiiouaE  Metallfadeh 
Olchlampenfabrir  O.m.b.H,  (Convention  date,  February  9th,  1912,  Austria.) 
Fabraary  6th.    (Complete.) 


8,224.  "  Ventilation  o(  dynamo-eleotric  machinery."  Siemens  Bros.  Dymamo 
Works,  Ltd.,  E.  O.  Eieffer  and  W.  Parker.    February  7ih. 

8,227.  "  Poljiihase  alternating-current  motors  and  generators."  Obomiton 
AND  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  B.  Bchge.    February  7th. 

8,238.  "  Electric  switches."  Bfaqnoletti,  Ltd.,  and  V,  E.  Joyce,  Feb- 
ruary 7th. 

3.246.  "  Wireless  telegraphy  and  telephony."  Signal  OEB.m.b.B.  (Con- 
vention date,  February    12th,  1912,  Germany.)    February  7th.    (Complete.)  |  I 

8,219.  "  Electric  control  o(  alternating-current  motors."  Otis  Elevatob 
C3o.,  Ltd.     (Otis  Elevator  Co.,  lncori)orated.  United  States  )    February  7th. 

3,250.  "  Electric  motors  particularly  adapted  for  hoisting  purposes."  Otis 
Elevator  Co.,  Ltd.  (OtiB  Elevator  (^,,  Incorporated,  United  States.) 
February  7th. 

S,27L.  "  Manu(acture  o[  a  material  suitable  (or  electrical  insulation  and 
other  purposes."  British  Tbomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.  (General  Electric 
Co.,  United  States.)    February  7th. 

8,309.  "  Insulator  (or  supportirg  the  current  rails  o(  electric  railways  and 
tramways."    A.  Watkins.    February  8th. 

8,326.  "  Electrical  printing  telegraphs."  B.  Soldatbncow.  (Addition  to 
14,65M/1910  )     February  8th.    (Complete.) 

8  339.  "  Tell  phoue  systems."  Automatic  Telephone  Mancfactubino  Co, i 
Ltd.     (Automatic  Electric  Co.,  United  Biates.)    February  8th.    (Complete.) 

8,314,  "  Circuit  arrangtments  (or  junction  lines  at  autcmatic  and  semi- 
automatio  telephone  exchanges."  Siemens  &  Halckb  Art  -Gks.  (Conven- 
tion date,  February  10th,  1912,  Germany.)    February  Bth.     (Complete.)     c...  ~ 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  o(  any  o(  the  Specifications  in  the  (ollowing  list  may  be  obtained 
o(  Mebbbs.  W.  p.  Thompson  &  Co.,  286,  High  Holbom,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Brad(crd  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps).  v. ;-..,_ 


19U. 


Electric  Heateb  fob  Fluids.    J.Mann.    26,183.    November  27th.    (Junel7tb, 

1912.) 
Shade  Supports  fob  Electric  Lamps.    J.  N.  Mollett.    28,462.    December  18tb. 
Bbush  Gear  fob  DyNAMo-ELSCTBic  Machines.    H.  Leitner,    28,817.    Deoeoiber 

21st.     (June  19th,  19l0.) 
Electric  Switches.    P.  Druseidt.    28,912.    December  22nd. 


1912. 

Transmitting  SwrrCH  Appabatcs  fob   the  Control   of   Blictbio   Motobs. 

Vickers,  Ltd.,  and  H.  J.  Creffield.     1,280.    January  16tb. 
Electric    Supply    Systems    having    Vabiable  -  speed    Gknebatobs.     British 

Thomson-Houston  Co.  and  E.  Garton.    1,681..  January  20th. 
Control  of  Alternating-ccbbent  Electric  Motors.    E.  Rosenberg.    1,S1B< 

January  21tb. 
Methods  of,    and    Machines    for,    Electbic  Welding.      British    Thomson- 
Houston  Co.    (Allgemeine  Elektricitiits  Ges.)    2,V43.    January  29th. 
Rotating  Interrupters  for  Maonetoignition  Apparatus,    B.  Diehl.    3,473. 

January  3(rth.     (February  Sid,  1911.) 
Renewable   Electric  Incandescent  Lamps,     E,   M,    Bailey  and  W.  Plews. 

3,906.    February  l6th. 
Mine   Exploders.      Sterling  Telephone  and  Electric  Co,      (SchafSer  &  Go. 

5,217.    March  let.     (Addition  to  No.  12,115  o(  1911.) 
Electric  Block-signalling  Systems.    Siemens  Bros.  A  Ck>.     (Siemens  A  Halske 

Akt.'Ges.)    6,669.    March  5tb. 
Electrical  Switches.    S,  L.  Price.    6,562.    March  6th, 
Electrically-operated  Valve-contbollino  Devices,    G,  Keith  and  J.  Keith, 

6,517.    March  16th. 
Galvanometers.    T.  Clark  and  J.  May.    9,094.    April  17th.    (Cognate  applica- 
tion. No.  23,680  of  1912.) 
Apparatus  fob  Converting  Telegraphic  Code  Fioueks  into  Tblbobapbio 

Words,  and  Vice  Vebsa.    M.  W.  Rehder  and  A.  W,  C.  Voigtaberger.    9,106. 

April  18ih. 
Incandescent  Electbic  Lamps.    W.  J.  Lusted.    9,983.    April  26th. 
Wireless  Telegraphy  Apparatus.    W.  S.  Peake.    10,E01.    May  Srd. 
Machines  foe  Forming  Filaments  for  Electric  Lamps.    British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.    (Ueneral  Elcctiic  Co.)    11,262.    May  11th. 
Signal  Installations  for  Supbr\-i8ino  the  Relativb  Positions  of  TtmMTABLBS 

OR  other  Rotating  Siations.    Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.    (Siemens  &  Halske 

Akt.-Ges.)    14,6f^.    June  22nd. 
Electbo-deposition   op    Metals   and   Lik£    Eleotrolytio    Pbocebsbs,    arc 

Afpabatus  ob  Appliances  to  be  Used  in  Connection  tbebbwith.     A, 

Round  and  R.  Fisher.    15,492.    July  3rd. 
Electric  Boilees.    J.  Bally.    16,CM2.    July  9th.    (July  11th,  19U.) 
Shade  Hoi  DEBS  FOR  Incandescent  Lamps.    H,U.  Palmer.    18,177.    Aog:tist7th 

(March  Itfth,  1912.) 
Electric  Furnaces.    J.  M.  Bocuze.    21,290,    September  18tb.    (October  14th 

1911.) 
Electric  SwrTciiP.R.    A.  P.  Lundberg,  G.  C.  Lundberg  and  P.  A.  Lundberg. 

21,913.     September  26th. 
Automatic  (Controlling  Device  foe  Electric  Cut-outs.    J,  H.  De  llilerry. 

22,251.    September  SOth.    (September  80th,  1911.) 
Electro-osmotic  Kxtbaction  of  Water  from  Animal,  Vegetable  ob  Mineral 

SuBSTANCKB.     Gcs.   (uT  Elcctric  Osmose    m.b.H.     23,645.     October   16tli. 

(July  17th,  1912.1 
Electbodeh  fob  Use  in  PRODuorNG  Endothjermic   Reactions.    B.  Pauling. 

21,051.     Otoberaist.    (October  24th,  1911.) 
Electric  Switch  or/and  Fuse  Boabds.    E.  J.  Selby  and  W.  Preston.    1,646, 

January  20  h.  — 

Electrolytic  Apparatus.    J.  T.  Niblett.    1,671.    January  20th. 
Electrio  Switches.      British   Thomson-Houston  Co.,   Ltd.,   and  E.    Garten. 

1,680.    January  20th. 
Electbic  Tablet  Systems  fob  Wobbing  Single  Lines  or  Railway.    A.  T, 

Blackall  and  C.  M.  Jacobs.    1,852.    January  23rd. 
Apparatus  foe  the   Contbol    of    Electbic    Circuits.      H.    Leitner,      1,966. 

January  24th. 
Dynamo  Electric  Machinery.    B.  C.  Siddeloy.     1,999.    January  25th. 
Electric  iNCANbEscKNT  Lamps.    Deutsche  Gasgluhlicht  Akt.-Ges.    (Aoer  Get. 

2,284.    January  29th.    (November  4th,  1911.) 
ELECTRIC  Lighting  Systf.mi  fob  Motor-carh  and  the  Likb.    British  TliomaOH 

Houston  Co.  and  E.  Oarton.    2,874.    February  Srd. 
Driving  of  Vkhicles  by  Means  of  Intennalcombustion  Ehoinkb  oohdines 

FOR  Recuperating  PcRrosES  with  Dynamos,  Accumulator  Battbriis  an> 

Motors.    H.  Pieper.    8,2-1.    February  *th.     (February  20th,  iJll.) 
Elbotbio  Fused  Switches  and  Switchboards,     H.  B.  Berry  and  W,  J.  Uark- 

ham.    8,388.    February  9th. 


V  U.H 


H1XjEOTI?.IC.A.Xj    I^.E'VIE'^77". 


Vol.  LXXII. 


FEBRUARY  28,  1918. 


No.  1,840. 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW, 


Vol.  LXXII.]  CONTENTS :  February  88, 1918.  [No,  1,810. 

Pago 

Electrical  Proprress  in  Shan);hai 329 

AdvertisinfT  Electricity      .330 

Artificers  in  the  Royal  Navy         331 

The  Use  of   Electricity  and   Electrical  Accidents  in  Mines 

(,oont  hiued)  ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         •••  332 

Kent  Coal     333 

Correspondence : — 

Artiflcers  in  the  Royal  Navy  333 

Fixing  Contacts  in  Springs 335 

Testing  the  Continuity  of  Earth  Conduotors  (illiit.)        ...  335 

The  Use  of  Electricity  in  Mines      33fi 

"  Life  Understood  " 33G 

The  Sounder  in  Submarine  Telegraphy  (i/iw«.) 337 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (illiu.)      339 

Business  Notes         340 

Notes 347 

Two  European  Single-Phase  Railways  (iZJui.) 349 

City  Notes 355 

Market  Quotations 360 

Stocks  and  Shares 360 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         361 

Australian  Tramway  Companies  and  their  Employes. — XI.    ...  363 

Wsiges  and  Holidays  in  Central  Stations  ...         364 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — • 

Cables  for  Shafts  in  Mines  O'Zto.)    ...,      366 

Advertising  Electricity  (iZto.)         367 

Legal 370 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 372 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     372 

Contractors'  Column         Advertisement  pages  xxvi,  xxviii  and  xxx 


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THE     UNIVERSAL    ELECTRICAL     DIRECTORY 

(jr.  Jl..  Reply's). 

1913   EDITION 

Res«.cly. 


H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4,  Ludgate  Hill,  London.  E.C. 


[3 


Vkuv  cncourafjiiif;  reports  Lave  reached  u.s  regurdin^^  the 
rapid  rate  at  which  electrical  advance  is  takinic  place  in 
Shanghai.  The  municipal  electricity  supply  department  is 
giving  a  very  strong  lead,  and,  with  the  display  of  spirited 
enterprise  in  the  provision  of  facilities,  there  is  a  growing 
disposition  on  the  part  of  the  public  to  avail  tbemselves^  of 
electrical  supply  for  lighting,  heating  and  power  purpoees. 

The  new  Riverside  power  station  is  now  nearing  com- 
pletion, and  in  about  three  weeks'  time  it  will  start 
running.  This  station  is  designed  to  accommodate  a  plant 
of  14,000  Kw.  capacity,  and  the^first  instalment,  which  was 
put  in  last  year,  amounts  to  4,000  kw.  Already  the 
engineer  has  laid  before  his  Council  the  necessity  for  putting 
in  further  extensions,  and  it  has  been  decided  to  call  for 
tenders  in  the  course  of  a  few  months  for  two  5,000-Kw. 
turbo-alternators  and  condensers,  together  with  the  necessary 
boiler  plant. 

It  is  interesting  to  learn  that  the  Department  is  taking 
a  very  live  interest  in  electric  vehicles.  Its  present 
equipment  consists  of  a  fleet  of  five  petrol  motor-cars  and 
a  2-ton  motor-lorry,  but  owing  to  the  enormous  increase 
of  business  and  the  large  area  to  be  covered — 10  miles  from 
end  to  end — it  is  considered  more  efficient,  in  order  that  the 
stafif  may  get  about  more  rapidly,  to  increase  the  number  of 
cars  by  four  or  five  more,  while  there  is  also  to  be  added  a 
5-ton  motor-lorry,  with  a  crane  attached,  for  handling  heavy 
goods.  The  prevailing  conviction  there  seems  to  be  that  it  is 
the  business  of  an  electricity  undertaking  to  use  "  everything 
electrical  "  as  much  as  possible,  so  it  is  more  than  likely  that 
the  new  cai-s  will  be  electric  and  that  the  replacement  of  the 
existing  petrol  cars  with  electric  will  follow.  Certainly  the 
latter  should  possess  greater  electrical  advertising  value 
than  would  petrol  ones,  and  the  adoption  of  electric 
cars  by  the  public,  as  well  as  an  extension  of  everyday  elec- 
trical applications,  should  also  ensue.  It  is  not  surprising 
that  the  remarkable  development  of  the  electric  vehicle  in  the 
United  States  should  have  turned  attention  in  that  direction 
We  have  again  and  again  had  to  deplore  in  these  columns 
how  backward  we  in  this  country  are  in  this  respect,  though 
we  admit  that  there  are  other  causes  responsible  beside 
apathy.  It  is  practically  certain  that  if  we  are  behindhand 
with  the  use  of  a  class  of  requirement,  we  are  in  danger  of 
being  behindhand  also  in  its  manufacture,  and  somebody  else 
may  profit  because  he  has  advanced  more  progressively 
than  we.  We  do  well  if  we  weigh  up  the  electric  vehicle 
question  with  this  additional  possibility  in  our  minds. 

In  Shanghai,  which  is  perfectly  fiat  and  has  good  roads, 
an  effort  to  push  the  electric  vehicle  is  thought  certain  to  be 
followed  by  a  great  snccess,  provided  that  the  battery  and 
electric  equipment  are  looked  after  bv  competent  people,  and 

291 


330 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.72.  no.  i.sio,  fkbbuaky  28, 1913. 


we  should  say  that  the  good  example  of  the  Electricity 
Department  would  count  for  much  with  the  public.  One 
result  of  so  excellent  a  move  would  doubtless  be  that  before 
long  there  would  be  several  hundreds  of  electromobiles  in 
Shanghai,  all  of  which  would  naturally  take  their  current 
for  charging  purposes  from  the  municipal  supply  depart- 
ment, and,  may  be,  they  would  be  "  after  the  pattern  "  of 
those  used  by  that  Department.  Supply  can  be  given 
to  charge  batteries  for  such  a  purpose  at  'Td.  per  unit  or 
even  less,  and  as  the  price  of  petrol  is  going  up  all  the  time 
this  should  form  an  added  electrical  inducement.  The 
number  of  the  "  Point  Fives "  in  this  country  is,  as  our 
readers  know,  small  at  present,  but  it  is  not  the  fault  of  the 
municipal  electrical  engineer  of  Shanghai  that  he  is  not 
already  among  their  number.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the 
Electricity  Committee  has  twice  passed  a  suggestion  emana- 
ting from  him  that  a  flat  rate  of  1-7  candareeus  per  unit, 
which  is  equivalent  to  ',d.,  should  be  introduced  for  all  energy 
used  for  heating  and  cooking.  It  was  the  Council  that  did 
not  see  its  way  to  let  Shanghai  have  the  credit  of  adding  to 
the  membership  of  the  enterprising  Point  Fives  Club,  for 
it  was  not  prepared  to  confirm  its  Committee's  recom- 
mendation at  the  first  time  of  asking,  while  at  the  second  it 
compromised  by  authorising  a  reduction  to  "Td.  Perhaps 
the  club  will  recognise  the  qualifications  of  Mr.  Aldridge, 
and  duly  fete  him  during  his  stay  here  in  the  coming 
summer. 

It  may  be  more  or  less  of  a  revelation  to  our  readers  to 
learn  what  admirable  advance  is  taking  place  in  the 
adoption  of  electric  radiatoi-s  by  Chinese  consumers  on  the 
Shanghai  circuits.  During  the  past  winter  these 
westernised  gentlemen  have  given  us  an  illustration  of  what 
we  may  be  able  to  do  among  others  of  their  colour  as  we  try 
to  develop  our  radiator  business  in  this  Far-Eastern  world. 
The  total  connections  of  heaters  and  cookers  in  Shanghai 
now  aggregate  over  500  K\v. 

But  it  is  not  only  in  lighting  and  heating  that  there  is 
gratifying  electrical  enlightenment  in  this  international 
municipal  community.  Our  electrical  firms  who  do  not 
already  know  it,  should  take  note  that  the  cotton  industry 
there  is  at  the  present  moment  booming.  One  small  mill  of 
10,000  spindles  has  already  been  electrified,  and  there  is  in 
contemplation  the  electrification  of  an  additional  .30,000 
spindles  in  the  same  mill.  At  another  mill  the  electricity 
ilepartment  has  a  contract  for  a  supply  of  500  KW.,  and  at 
yet  another  for  about  450  KW.,  both  of  which  consumers 
will  go  on  to  the  mains  within  a  few  months ;  while,  still 
further,  there  is  a  50,000-spindle  new  imill  in  prospect. 
Knowing  what  we  do  of  events  in  the  textile  industry  at  home 
and  in  some  other  countries,  we  are  justified  in  anticipating 
that  the  electrification  of  several  of  the  older  Shanghai  mills, 
and  the  adoption  of  electricity  by  a  new  one,  will  ultimately 
result  in  bringing  into  line  numerous  other  factories  of  the 
ime  cla.ss  which  have  been  running  for  a  great  number  of 
years.  While  all  this  is  most  gratifying  and  encouraging 
from  the  purely  electrical  point  of  view,  it  has  a  distinctly 
unfortunate  side,  at  the  moment,  from  the  purely 
British  standpoint,  for  we  gather  that  German 
firms,  displaying  that  enterprise  which  we  have  so 
often  felt  it  our  duty  to  refer  to  in  relation  to  their  Chinese 
electrical  business,  are  securing  the  bulk  of  this  work.  We 
have  again  and  again  discussed  reasons  for  their  successful 
competition  with  us  in  this  market,  and  while  it  is  not  our 


present  intention  again  to  go  over  that  ground  in  detail,  we 
should  be  shirking  our  responsibility  did  we  not  mention  it 
here,  seeing  that  it  is  one  of  the  great  factors  that  must 
not  be  lost  sight  of  in  our  rejoicing  at  the  unhindered  pro- 
gress of  electricity. 

Observers  who  are  well  qualified  by  long  experience 
and  close  association  with  the  market  and  its  conditions, 
have  no  difliculty  in  explaining  our  relative  backwardness. 
They  say  now,  as  they  have  said  in  our  pages  on  previous 
occasions,  that  our  Continental  friends  succeed  readily 
because  they  co-operate  willingly  with  prospective  customers. 
They  get  out  special  motors  suitable  for  cotton  spinning,  such 
as  those  for  variable  speed  on  ring  frames,  and  also  small 
loom  motors.  These  they  put  in  experimentally  free  of  cost, 
and  the  low  rate  charged  by  the  electricity  department 
assists  them  in  their  effort  to  secure  a  satisfied  power-user. 
It  will  be  to  our  enduring  shame  and  regret  if  the  great 
bulk  of  the  Shanghai  mill  motor  equipment  work*  falls  into 
the  capacious  lap  of  the  Fatherland.  But  there  it  is.  Such 
is  feared  to  be  a  correct  impression  of  the  prospect.  Our 
manufacturers  cannot  say  that  they  do  not  know.  What 
are  they  going  to  do  to  meet  the  situation  ?  Can  they — 
will  they — do  nothing  'f  Obviously  it  is  the  work  of  the 
Electricity  Committee  to  sell  electricity,  and  to  encourage 
anybody  who  will  assist  it  to  that  end,  and  an  inter- 
national municipal  council  can  hardly  be  expected  to  be 
swayed  either  by  British  or  German  influences  where  merit 
and  enterprise  (which  cover,  we  suppose,  both  price  and 
quality  considerations)  must  be  the  deciding  factors. 

One — indeed  tha — outstanding  feature  of  the  position 
seems  to  be  that  upon  which  so  much  stress  has  been  laid 
here — our  need  for  organisation  and  combination.  If  our 
information  be  correct,  and  we  believe  that  it  is  largely  so, 
while  most  of  the  big  English  firms  are  represented  in  Shanghai 
and  other  cities  by  merchant  houses — who,  it  is  said,  do  very 
little  for  the  people  whom  they  represent — the  large  German 
manufacturers  have  their  own  representatives  on  the  spot 
(sometimes  Germans,  sometimes  Englishmen — as  has 
happened  in  some  of  our  Colonial  markets)  who  are  most 
highly  trained  engineers  and  men  well  qualified  to  discuss 
matters  in  technical  and  commercial  detail,  and  are  armed 
with  that  full  measure  of  authority  which  enables  them  to 
settle  matters  direct  without  referring  things  home  to  the 
Fatherland. 

In  opposition  to  this  trump  card  in  competition,  what  do 
we  produce  ? — English  engineers  who  are  so  versatile  that 
their  duties  embrace  quoting  for  anything  from  a  steel  bridge 
to  a  power  station,  and  who  cannot  therefore  be  expected  to 
possess  that  detailed  experience  in  all  the  branches  of 
engineering  in  which  they  are  called  upon  to  do  business. 
Consequently,  instead  of  being  able  to  enter  intoa  contract  right 
on  the  spot  without  waste  of  time,  they  have  to  refer  the  matter 
to — "  the  dear  Homeland "'  1  That  there  are  difficulties  in 
the  position  we  fully  recognise,  difficulties  that  are  not 
lessened  by  the  fact  that  there  are  a  number  of  conflicting 
interests  and  competitors,  while  with  our  Teutonic  rivals 
the  competition  is  practically  limited  to  three  or  four  big 
combinations.  But  to  sit  and  sigh  and  let  the  work  pass  by 
is  not  generally  like  the  British  race.  Let  us,  at  least,  con- 
tinue to  attend  to  this  setting  up  of  more  suitable  and 
efficient  British  representation  abroad — especially  in  China — 
that  so  many  authoritative  voices  have  urged  upon  us  in  the 
last  four  or  five  years.  A  little  has  been  done,  but  in  the 
words  of  Cecil  Rhodes,  "  So  much  remains  to  do  !  " 


We  report  this  week  a  paper  on  this 
EkcTricIt"*^  subject,  read  before  the  I.E.E.  by  Mr. 
H.  C.  Palmer,  in  which  a  definite  scheme 
of  organised  publicity  is  put  forward,  having  for  its  aim  the 
education  of  the  public  to  a  better  appreciation  of  the  advan- 
tages to  be  derived  from  the  use  of  electricity  for  domestic 
purposes.  This  is  a  matter  which  has  occupied  a  prominent 
position  in  the  proceedings  of  the  Institution  during  the 
past  year  or  two,  and  which,  as  the  outcome  of  the  recent 
reforms,  will  doubtless  command  more  and  more  attention 


Tol.7a.    No.  1,840,  Fki.u<;auy2h,  it»i:i.|    XIIl*;      IAjKCIIUCMj      HKVI.^W. 


:j:a 


in  the  future.  'I'luit  tlurc  in  an  urj^cut  need  for  action  in 
thin  (liret'tion  can  hardly  1)0  (|iieBli(>ned  ;  that  need  htfn 
existed  for  some  years,  and  has  f,'ro\vn  continuouHly  more 
iusistent.  Tlie  aj,'gre88ive  and  cnterprisinf,'  policy  of  our 
rivals,  emluxlied  in  tlie  British  (!ommerciul  (las  Asso(!intion, 
has  {jreatly  increased  the  urj^ency  of  the  (|ue8tioii,  and  has 
at  the  same  time  shown  what  can  be  <lonc  even  in  this 
country  by  or<j;anised  and  co-operative  (fVort. 

There  is  nothin<^  new  in  the  idea  ;  as  lonp  aj^o  as  \'.H)C> 
we  published  a  series  of  articles  iiy  an  e.\pert,  Mr.  !>'.  H. 
Matthews,  with  tlie  express  purpose  of  arousiufij  our 
central-station  maniif^^ers  to  a  due  appreciation  of  the 
jx)ssibilities  before  them,  and  the  best  means  of  rcalisinf< 
those  possibilities.  Other  articles  of  a  similar  nature  have 
appeared  in  our  pages  from  time  to  timedurinj^  the  past  decade, 
but  the  result  has  been  far  from  satisfactory.  We  believe 
that  this  is  not  wholly  the  fault  of  the  engineer-managers, 
many  of  whom  are  strongly  in  favour  of  an  active  policy  of 
advertisement :  the  dilHculty  is  due  rather  to  the  control  of 
the  great  majority  of  our  electricity  supply  undertakings  by 
inexpert  committees,  often  composed  largely  of  small  trades- 
men and  professional  men  who  have  no  conception  of  the 
meaning  of  organised  publicity,  and  whose  hands  are  tied  by 
the  restrictions  imposed  by  the  Local  Government  Board's 
auditors.  It  must  be  said,  however,  that  at  the  present 
stage  of  development  of  the  business,  which  is  gradually 
being  evolved  from  the  condition  of  an  engineering  problem 
to  that  of  a  commercial  undertaking,  the  first  element  of 
the  compound  engineer-manager  is  in  many  cases  the  con- 
trolling one,  and  the  tendency  in  such  cases  is  to  regard  the 
supply  of  electricity  rather  in  the  light  of  a  profession  than 
in  its  true  aspect,  that  of  a  trade.  We  wish  here  to  emphasise 
the  latter  view  to  the  utmost,  and  to  point  out  that,  to  an 
important  trade  such  as  this,  well-organised  publicity  and 
bold  advertisement  are  an  absolute  necessity.  True  it  is 
that  the  merits  of  electricity  are  such  that,  as  a  corres- 
pondent recently  pointed  out,  the  trade  is  bound  to  make 
progress,  even  without  the  aid  of  such  a  scheme  ;  but  this 
in  our  opinion  is  a  feeble  excuse  for  inertia,  and  an  unseemly 
one  to  emanate  from  a  purveyor  of  eledricol  eiipr//i/,  of  all 
things.  Moreover,  the  enemy  have  already  embarked  upon 
a  campaign  of  activity  which  puts  to  shame  the  advocates  of 
a  policy  of  laissez-faire  in  electricity  supply,  and  which,  if 
the  latter  do  not  wake  up,  may  work  much  mischief. 

One  of  the  difficulties  to  be  contended  with  is  the  argu- 
ment that  all  will  benefit  by  such  a  scheme,  including  those 
who  do  not  contribute  to  its  support.  This  is  true  enough, 
but  as  a  serious  objection  it  is  not  worth  a  moment's  con- 
sideration. Putting  aside  the  ethics  of  the  (juestion,  and 
disregarding  the  jaundiced  complexion  of  those  who  cannot 
bear  to  do  good  to  their  neighbour  without  making  him 
pay,  it  stands  to  reason  that  if  all  are  benefited,  those  who 
object  will  also  benefit — why,  then,  do  they  object  i'  As 
for  the  difficulties  imposed  by  the  auditors,  which  prevent 
direct  contribution  to  the  funds  of  a  publicity  association — 
that  is  one  of  the  obstacles  which  ought  to  be  removed,  and 
which  could  be  removed  if  the  Institution  of  Electrical 
Engineers  and  the  Incorporated  Municipal  Electrical  Asso- 
ciation took  the  matter  in  hand. 

We  have  said  nothing  regarding  the  merits  of  the  par- 
ticular scheme  put  forward  by  Mr.  Palmer  :  but,  as  it  runs 
on  lines  similar  to  those  which  we  have  so  long  advocated,  it 
will  suffice  for  us  to  express  our  approval  of  it  in  the  main. 
The  great  thing,  however,  is  to  get  the  subject  forward,  and 
to  keep  it  prominently  in  the  forefront  as  the  question  of  the 
day,  so  that  the  Industrial  Committee  of  the  Institution  and 
the  other  bodies  directly  concerned  may  have  tlie  necessary 
support  of  public  opinion,  and  may  be  kept  up  to  the  mark 
and  alive  to  the  real  need  for  vigorous  and  sustained  action. 
Per  that  purpose  we  shall  welcome  all  such  papers  as  aids  to 
the  reahsation  of  an  effective  scheme  of  publicity. 


.  ^.,.         .    ,,        Thk  criticisms   which  we   offered   two 

Artillcers  m  the        ,  ,.  ,  ,  , 

Royal  Navy.      ""^^^^   "S"'  regarding    a  pamphlet  and  a 

letter  sent   to  us  from  the   Royal  Xaval 

Artificer-Engineers'  and  Engine-lloom  Artificers'  Benevolent 

Fund,  have  elicited  a  number  of  replies,  which  will  be  found  in 


our "  ( 'orresporuiencc  "  columnH.  It  m-arccly  nwxl  be  explatni;d 
that  the  article  rlid  not  raiHC  any  objection  Ut  l<'(.'itimate 
clainiH  licing  brought  to  public  notice  through  ihe  I'rwd 
upon  fair  and  projH-r  groundn.  but  it  did  (l<  noiinre  "  the 
attempt  to  f-.ne  thf.ni  upon  the  public,  through  llie  I'r<i>n, 
ujKm  the  ipiehtif  nable  grcnnd»"  stated  in  the  pamphlet  and 
the  letter.  A,corre8ix)ndcnt  utiks  us  why  we  demur  to  thoH; 
atatcmcnts  of  claimM,  and  the  answer  is  that  we  find  them  in 
important  details  to  be  unsupport<.d  by  the  factg.  To  illoB- 
trate  this,  it  sutticcs  to  examine  the  declaration  that  "  we  are 
rapidly  drifting  towards  the  seriuiis  jKisition  of  a  str-am  .Navy 
minus  engineer  officers,"  and  the  further  inexarlitude  that 
"  it  is  notoriously  difficult  to  get  candidates  to  enu.-r  for  the 
engineer  branch  at  all.  "  Another  corresjKJiident,  pret^umably 
also  a  member  of  the  Benevolent  Fund,  asks  us  to 
believe  "  that,  from  1  li  I  o  to  1 !)  1 5,  not  a  single  engineer  officer 
will  have  been  added  to  the  i'o^al  Xavy." 

Are  we  lopidly  drifting  towards  the  serious  position  of  a 
steam  Navy  minus  engineers  ?  The  current  Xnnj  Lint 
supplies  a  sufficient  answer  to  that  'laestion.  We  find  that 
in  r.)l  1  no  fewer  than  4k  ratings  were  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  warrant  officers  as  engineers.  In  r.'12,  there  were  70 
similar  promotions,  and  in  January  Of  the  present  jear  15 
more  were  added,  or  a  total  of  142  since  I'.ilO.  These  are 
warrant  engineer  officers  promoted  from  the  rating  of  chief 
E.R.A.  and  E.K.A.,  and  also  from  the  rating  of  mechanician 
to  fill  vacancies  as  they  arise  on  the  established  list.  It  has 
to  be  remembered  that  these  warrant  officers  have  received 
a  considerable  amount  of  marine  training,  and  they  are 
admirably  suited  for  the  duties  which  they  are  called  upon 
to  perform.  The  Xanj  Lis!  contains  a  very  substantia) 
number  of  engineer  captains,  engineer  commanders  and 
engineer  lieutenants,  and  the  new-scheme  officers  will  next 
year  begin  their  specialist  courses  in  engineering.  In  all 
these  circumstancts,  therefore,  we  feel  obliged  to  reject  the 
assertion  that  "  we  are  rapidly  drifting  towards  the  serious 
position  of  a  steam  Xavy  minus  engineers." 

It  is  difficult  to  infer  anything  of  value  from  the  state- 
ment of  a  corref-pondent  to  the  effect  that  the  present  and 
the  past  naval  cadets  loathe  and  detest  the  dirt  and  grease 
inseparable  from  the  engine  room  of  a  ship,  and  that  they 
dislike  marine  engineering.  Presumably  not  even  a  memljer 
of  the  Benevolent  Fund  has  a  craving  for  dirt  or  a  hanker- 
ing after  grease.  If  the  statement  is  intended  to  convey 
that  the  cadets  and  midshipmen  are  ad\  erse  to  engine  room 
duties,  it  is  not  in  accordance  with  the  opinions  expressed 
by  officers  serving  afloat,  nor  is  there  any  valid  reason  why 
a  cadet  trained  at  Dartmouth  and  in  crui*  rs  should  be  less 
attracted  to  those  duties  than  a  cadet  trained  at  Keyham. 
Again,  it  is  difficult  to  find  argument  in  the  suggestion 
that  "  the  prospects  of  internal  combustion  engines  and  the 
probable  absence  of  stokers  in  the  iiear  future  call  for  con- 
centration on  the  subject  of  marine  engineering."  for  the 
([uestion  of  indecision  on  the  part  of  cadets  in  the  selection 
of  a  branch  for  specialisation  has  not  yet  arisen.  A  young 
officer  who  has  passed  through  the  new  scheme  of  education 
and  training  may  be  expected  to  know  at  least  as  much  about 
internal-combustion  engines  as  a  member  of  the  Benevolent 
Fund  who  may  have  entered  the  service  as  a  copper-smith, 
and  he  will  probably  be  as  well  informed  concerning  them  as 
the  average  officer  of  the  mercantile  service.  In  other  words, 
the  members  of  the  Benevolent  Fund  would  be  well  advised 
if  they  stated  their  claims  upon  their  own  merits,  without 
attempting  to  prejudice  a  scheme  of  training  naval  officers 
which  has  not  yet  developed  sufficiently  fur  to  enable  them 
to  judge  of  its  results.  They  plead  for  sympathy  and 
fairness  ;  they  will  not  secure  these  virtues  by  prejudice, 
and  they  will  but  injure  what  may  be  a  good  cause  by  over- 
stating their  case.  The  artificer  of  to-day  is  belter  trained 
and  better  educated  than  his  predecessors,  and  he  must 
expect,  therefore,  to  have  placed  upon  his  shoulders  a  greater 
burden  of  responsibility,  in  proportion  to  the  increase  of 
power  and  complexity  of  ships  and  armaments.  This 
principle  extends  to  all  ranks  and  ratings,  and  it  is  not  to 
be  expected  that  the  commissioned  ranks  of  the  engineer 
branch  can  le  indefinitely  increased  in  numbers  while  there 
are  capable  petty  officers  and  warrant  officers  well  able  to 
lend  a  hand  in  supervisory  duties. 


832 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.72.  No.  i,84o,febboary28.  1913. 


THE  USE  OF  ELECTRICITY  AND 
ELECTRICAL  ACCIDENTS  IN  MINES. 


{^Coniimied  from  page  321.) 

In  the  Newcastle  district  there  were  two  fatal  accidente,  one 
caused  bj  a  countersunk  screw  working  up  and  coming  into 
contact  with  a  metal  covering,  and  the  other  by  a  broken 
ammeter  carrying  current  to  the  casing.  "  Neither  of  these 
accidents  would,"  says  the  inspector,  "  have  occurred  had  the 
apparatus  been  properly  earthed."  la  one  case  the  earth 
wire  had  been  accidently  removed,  but  in  the  other  case  the 
installation  being  new  no  earth  wire  had  been  attached. 

In  the  Durham  district  there  were  two  fatal  accidents 
underground,  resulting  in  the  death  of  two  persons  and 
injury  to  a  third,  and  one  on  the  surface. 

Of  the  underground  accidents  the  first  occurred  at 
Sherburn  Hill  Colliery,  where  direct  current  at  a  pressure  of 
550  volts  is  used  for  working  a  coal-cutter,  the  current  being 
conveyed  in  two  ordinary  insulated  cables,  which  were 
carried  to  the  switchbox,  and  then  to  the  coal-cutter.  Height 
had  been  made  in  the  cross-gate  way  to  within  two  yards  of 
No.  9  gateway,  and  at  this  point  where  the  cables  were 
carried  past  the  gate-end  the  height  was  only  about  3  ft. 
As  soon  as  height  was  made,  the  usual  practice  was  to  carry 
the  cables  across  the  gate-ends  in  wood  boxes,  so  as  to  be 
well  clear  of  the  tubs.  At  the  time  of  the  accident  this 
had  not  been  done,  a'though  the  wooden  box  was  lying 
ready.  It  is  probable  that  when  a  putter  named  Ashworth 
(the  injured  person)  came  out  of  No.  D  gateway  with  a  full 
tub,  a  large  coal  on  the  tub  caught  one  of  the  cables  and 
dragged  it  slack,  and  that  shortly  afterwards  as  Ashworth 
was  jjulling  his  empty  tub  by  the  in-bye  end  into  the  gate- 
way, it  came  in  contact  with  the  slack  cable  and  jammed  it 
against  a  projecting  portion  of  the  gateway,  resulting  in  an 
abrasion  of  the  insulation,  and  the  core  of  the  cable  came 
in  contact  with  the  iron  tub  he  was  engaged  with.  He  was 
knocked  down  and  found  with  one  foot  lying  across  one 
of  the  rails.  At  the  same  moment  another  putter 
named  Laverick,  who  was  sitting  on  one  of  the 
tramrails  in  the  cross  gateway  about  10  yards 
distant,  also  received  a  shock,  and  was  severely  burnt  about 
the  head  and  bare  parts  of  his  body,  and  in  spite  of  continued 
efforts  to  restore  him,  was  found  to  be  dead.  Ashworth 
recovered  after  about  40  minutes'  treatment.  A  pony  was 
standing  attached  to  the  full  tub  which  Ashworth  had  brought 
out,  but  it  took  no  harm,  as  the  tub  was  not  in  contact  with 
the  tramrails,  all  four  wheels  being  off  the  way.  The  tubs 
were  of  iron,  and  evidently  Laverick  received  a  shock,  the 
current  passing  through  the  tub  Ashworth  was  pulling,  and 
then  through  the  tramrails.  The  cables  were  suspended  by 
leather  slings  secured  to  props,  or  by  wooden  supports.  The 
obvious  remedy  to  prevent  such  an  occurrence  is  to  provide 
more  height  at  gate  ends  where  cables  are  carried  across,  and 
the  latter  should  be  laid  in  boxes,  where  they  cannot  come  in 
contact  with  tubs  or  ponies.  Special  I'ule  (of  tlje  code  of 
rules  recently  superseded)  28  appeared  only  to  apply  to  the 
protection  of  cables  on  main  haulage  roads,  but  the  prin- 
ciple is  the  same,  as  an  insulated  cable  in  such  a  cramjied 
position  is  more  likely  to  suffer  damage  than  on  a  roomy 
engine  plain. 

The  second  accident  occurred  at  Lumley  Third  Pit,  in 
connection  with  a  coal  conveyor.  The  conveyor  in  {]uestion 
was  a  Blackett  conveyor,  driven  by  a  C.  J, -11. p.  motor  of  the 
squirrel-cage  type.  The  current  supplied  was  three-phase, 
the  pressure  at  the  terminals  of  the  supply  transformer  being 
400  volts.  On  the  day  of  the  accident  a  deputy  received 
a  slight  shock  about  three-quarters  of  an  hour  after  the 
motor  had  been  started.  It  was  accordingly  stopped,  and  a 
message  sent  to  the  surface  for  an  electrician,  who  found 
on  examination  that  at  the  point  where  the  trailing  cable 
was  connected  to  the  motor  a  loose  strand  of  wire  from 
one  of  the  leads  at  the  terminal  block  had  worked  through 
the  insulating  tape,  and  was  making  contact  with  the 
frame  of  the  motor.  This  was  rectified,  and  the  motor 
restarted.  Four  hours  afterwards  the  deputy,  as  he  was 
going  along  the  mothergate,  heard  a  humming  noise  on 
approaching  the  motor,  and  at  once  shut  off  the  current  at  the 
gate-end  box.     He  then  found  the  conveyor  attendant  lying 


unconscious  and  face  downwards  between  the  tramrails  at 
the  delivery  end  of  the  conveyor.  He  at  once  gave  an 
alarm,  and  artificial  respiration  was  tried  for  li  hours  until 
a  doctor  arrived  and  pronounced  life  extinct.  Provision 
was  made  to  earth  the  conveyor  to  bank,  and  subsequent 
tests  showed  that  the  earth  provided  was  fairly  good.  The 
earth  wires  also  were  found  on  inspection  after  the  accident 
to  be  efficiently  attached.  The  accident  is  thus  most 
difficult  to  account  for,  and  one  possible  explanation  api)ears 
to  be  that  the  conditions  when  the  accident  occurred,  and 
afterwards  when  the  tests  were  made,  were  not  the  same. 
A  loosely  attached  earth-wire  would  explain  the  occurrence  ; 
or  it  might  be  that  the  earth  connection,  though  good,  was 
not  good  enough,  and  the  motor  frame  was  therefore  enabled 
to  assume  a  potential  sufficiently  high  above  the  surrounding 
ground  (which  was  wet)  to  cause  the  accident. 

The  surface  accident  took  place  on  the  screens  at 
Trimdon  CJrange  Colliery,  and  caused  the  death  of  a  screen- 
man.  The  current  was  three-phase  at  220  volts,  and  was 
used  for  lighting  purposes.  At  the  time  of  the  accident,  the 
deceased  was  in  the  act  of  using  his  handkerchief  to  clean 
the  thick  protecting  globe,  which  surrounded  an  incandescent 
light  bulb.  The  wires  to  the  lamp  were  carried  in  an  iron 
tube,  at  the  end  of  which  was  an  iron  lamp  shade.  As  the 
deceased  was  cleaning  the  globe  he  suddenly  fell  backwards, 
and  en  being  asked  what  was  the  matter,  he  said  he  had 
"  touched  that  globe,"  evidently  associating  in  his  own  mind 
the  action  of  touching  the  globe  with  the  state  of  his  sudden 
collapse.  He  immediately  became  unconscious,  and  efforts 
to  restore  him  by  artificial  respiration  were  persevered  with 
for  H  hours  without  success.  A  post-mortem  examination 
showed  that  the  cause  of  death  was  a  diseased  mitral  valve, 
but  there  was  no  direct  evidence  to  prove  that  the  deceased 
had  received  an  electric  shock.  An  exhaustive  inves- 
tigation of  the  accident  did  not  afford  any  satisfactory 
result,  as  no  actual  leakage  could  be  afterwards  discovered, 
though  the  insulation  of  the  whole  circuit  was  low.  No 
mechanical  damage  of  the  wires  could  be  found,  which  would 
have  accounted  for  the  iron  pipes  which  contained  them  be- 
coming live.  The  pipis  were  supposed  to  be  earthed  by  an 
earth  wire  connecting  them  to  some  cast-iron  piping  of  a  coal- 
washer,  but  it  was  evident  the  connection  to  earth  was  not 
a  good  one.  The  accident  happened  after  some  heavy 
rains,  and  the  conditions  existing  at  that  time  were  more 
favourable  to  leakage  than  they  were  when  the  tests  were 
made  by  Mr.  Nelson,  H.M.  Electrical  Inspector.  It  is 
probable  that  death  was  due  partly  to  the  fact  that  the 
deceased  had  a  diseased  heart,  and  was  therefore  unable 
to  withstand  a  shock  which  might  not  have  proved  fatal  to  a 
person  with  a  normal  heart,  and  also  to  the  fact  that  the 
damp  conditions  existing  at  the  time  were  favourable  to  a 
temporary  breakdown  of  the  insulation. 

Three  ponies  were  killed  by  electric  shock  by  two  acci- 
dents. On  the  first  occasion  two  ponies  were  electrocuted, 
the  initial  cause  being  the  breakage  of  one  of  the  armature- 
end  connections  in  the  motor  of  a  Morgan-Gardner  coal- 
cutter, thus  rendering  the  framework  of  the  machine  alive. 
The  current  was  500  volts  continuous,  and  the  trailing  cable 
contained  the  earth  wire.  Unfortunately  the  person  in 
charge  of  the  machine  had  neglected  to  tighten  up  the  screw 
of  the  earth  wire  by  which  it  was  connected  to  the  metal 
frame  of  the  reel.  The  reel  had  been  left  standing  across 
the  tramrails,  and  a  pony  coupled  to  an  iron  tub  received  a 
shock  and  moved  towards  the  reel,  and  is  supposed  to  have 
got  on  to  one  of  the  cables  and  pulled  the  connection  plug 
out  of  the  reel.  Another  pony  on  reaching  the  gateway 
also  received  a  shock  through  the  rails,  tub  and  gears, 
and  was  also  killed.  An  earth  wire  was  afterwards 
continued  from  the  earth  wire  of  the  out-bye  armoured  cable 
and  taken  into  the  switchbox  and  joined  on  to  the  short 
earth  wiie  from  the  reel  to  an  iron  rod.  This  additional 
earth  wire  afterwards  was  the  means  of  conveyhig  a  fatal 
electric  shock  to  another  {wny  within  a  fortnight  owing  to 
the  parting  of  the  out-bye  armoured  cable.  The  coal-cutter 
motors  were  subsecjuently  altered  and  overhauled,  and  the 
installation,  which  was  by  no  means  of  recent  date,  put  into 
a  more  reliable  condition. 

There  were  no  fatal  accidents  in  the  Yorkshire  district, 
but  (sBys  the  late  Mr.  Pickering)  it  is  too  early  to  decide 
whether  this  is  happy  chance  or  whether  the  potential  dangers 


Vol.72.   No.  1,840,  fbbsuabt  38, 1913.]  THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


888 


of  electricity  are  better  realised.  Several  underground  liree 
originated  by  arcinp  of  electric  cables.  Of  the  latter,  one 
is  described,  and  it  miglit  have  hud  serious  consequences,  us 
411  men  had  to  be  l)r()iight  to  tliu  Hurface,  140  of  them 
through  smoke.  It  is  tlioiight  that  the  cause  of  the 
tire  was  "arcing  at  the  point  where  the  three-con!  (jubie  was 
separated  for  connection  to  the;  switciii  and  fuses.  'I'he  caljle 
was  j)aper  covered,  lead  eoated  and  armoured  with  steel  tape. 
As  the  Inspector  says,  "  I'ajier  is  a  hygroscopic  material, 
and  the  lead  sheath  of  cables  insulated  with  paper  is 
designed  to  keep  out  moisture.  When  the  cable  is  split,  a 
proper  "dividing"  bo.x  should  be  provided  to  effectively  seal 
the  ends.  A  wrapping  of  tape  was  used  infrtead  of  a  box, 
and  it  is  probal)le  that  this  was  not  moisture  proof,  and  that, 
therefore,  the  paper  became  damp  and  lost  its  insulating 
properties." 

(To  be  continued.) 


KENT     COAL. 


Bv  G.  LLOYD  JONES,  A.M.I.E.E.,  M.I.M.E.,  Principal  of 
West  Ham  Testing:  Laboratory. 


Above  shale 

Below  Bbale 

band. 

band. 

27-98 

28-26 

7034 

69-76 

7-20 

6-11 

63-14 

63'65 

1-68 

1-98 

1-32 

1-29 

13,990  B.T.U. 

14,180  B.T.U. 

A  WAX  days  ago,  by  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Arthur  Burr, 
managing  director  of  the  Kent  Coal  Concessions  Co.,  the 
writer  was  enabled  to  take  samples  from  the  Beresford 
4  ft.  8  in.  seam,  at  Snowdown  Colliery. 

The  Beresford  is  the  first  workable  seam  uncovered,  and 
to  many  central  station  engineers — those  especially  in  neigh- 
bouring districts — it  must  be  of  the  greatest  interest  to 
have  put  before  them  data  upon  which  they  may  judge  as 
to  the  value  of  the  coal  from  this  new  field  for  steam 
raising  purposes,  which  is  already  being  put  on  the  market 
in  considerable  quantity. 

The  proximate  analyses  given  relate  to  run-o'-mine  sam- 
ples taken  from  the  actual  working  faces.  The  one  was 
taken  from  above,  and  the  other  from  below  the  6-in.  shale 
band,  which  splits  the  seam  midway  in  the  horizontal 
plane  : — 


Volatile  matter 

Coke         

Ash  

Fixed  carbon 

Moisture  (hygroscopic)... 

Sulphur  (separately  determined) 

Calorific  value  (as  dried) 

Net  effective  calorific  value  (as 

fired) 13.316  B.T.U.         13,454  b.t.u. 

Evaporative  power  (as  fired)   ...  13-79  lb.  of  water  13-92  lb.  of  water 
from  and  at  from  and  at 

212°  F.  212°  F. 

The  results  (obtained  show  the  coal  to  be  of  exceptionally 
liigh  thermal  value,  and  since  the  hygroscopic  moisture  is 
comparatively  low,  having  regard  to  the  other  general 
(characteristics  of  the  coal,  it  will  be  noted  that  its  net 
effective  evaporative  power,  which  takes  into  account  the 
negative  value  of  the  moisture  existing  as  such,  and  that 
produced  by  the  combustion  of  the  hydrogen  in  the  volatile 
matters,  is  but  little  less  than  the  evaporative  power  of  the 
dry  coal.  On  the  other  hand,  the  coal  was  extremely  tender 
and  would  suffer  severely  through  breakage  in  transit.  Its 
structure  is  columnar,  the  columns  being  of  short  length, 
determined  by  the  lines  of  natural  stratification.  When 
broken  transversely  to  the  axes  of  the  columns  a  crystalline 
fracture  was  shown  with  a  suggestion  of  tarriness.  The 
coal  taken  from  above  the  shale  band  disclosed  heavy  lime 
salt  impregnations  due  to  percolation  of  water  carrying  these 
salts  through  the  interstices.  Below  the  shale  band  the 
interstitial  impurities  were  markedly  less  due  no  doubt  to 
the  protection  afforded  by  the  hard  shale.  The  volatile 
matters  were  readily  liberated,  and  burned  with  a  long, 
bright,  sturdy,  somewhat  smoky  flame,  giving  sooty  deposits. 
The  coal  is  of  a  very  agglomerative  nature,  and  produces  a 
silver  grey,  hard,  compact,  close-grained  coke  of  excellent 
quality.  The  ash  is  of  dark  purple  brown  colour  and 
considerable  density. 


The  utility  of  ihia  ooel  for  general  central  BtaUon  pnr- 
poses  must  bo  severely  diftcouDted  by  its  friability.  The 
percentage  of  "  fines  "  must  necessarily  Ijc  very  great,  even 
were  the  coal  screene<l  at  pit,  aa  it  crumbles  under  the 
Blightest  pressure  Ijctween  the  fingers,  and  riddling  through 
the  grate  barH  would  be  inevitalde  in  Hjiite  of  its  (;aking 
properties.  For  coking  stokers  it  appearH  ulnif^t  ideal,  and 
the  great  density  of  the  ash  means  that  frequent  cleainng 
out  would  be  unneces.sary,  as  the  bulk  would  \k:  proportion- 
ately small.  If  hand-fired,  smoke  production  must  result, 
and  frc(iuent  levelling  of  fires  would  be  required  to  prevent 
the  formation  of  blow-holes,  which  would  acf*rituat*i  the 
trouble. 

Although  touching  upon  a  rival  industry,  it  may  be  of 
interest  to  mention  that  the  gas  analysis  shows  the  coal  to  be 
exceptionally  rich,  giving  a  yield  of  1  l.TiOOcb.  ft.  per  ton  of 
15-1  c.p.  by  No.  2  Metropolitan  burner,  or  equivalent  sperm 
value  595-4  lb. 

The  friability  of  the  coal  is  not  detrimental  to  its  value  for 
gas  making. 

It  will  be  understood  that  this  article  merely  relates  t<j  the 
Beresford  seam,  and  it  may  very  possibly  be  that  the 
seams  at  greater  depth,  which  aggregate  no  less  than  1 '.»()  ft. 
in  thickness  to  the  :5,000-ft.  level,  may  prove  to  be  harder 
and  less  susceptible  to  damage  in  transhipment.  Several  of 
the  shafts  being  sunk  by  other  companies  siil)sidiary  to  the 
parent  company,  the  Kent  Coal  Concessions  Co..  are  already 
in  the  coal  measures,  and  the  day  is  now  near  at  hand  when 
the  present  staple  Kentish  industry — hops — will  be  over- 
whelmed by  coal  from  the  new  IMack  Country,  with  sunny 
Margate  transformed  into  the  Blackpool  of  the  South. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Letter!  received  by  ut  after  6  p.m.  on  Tuesday  cajtnut  appear  until 
the  following  week.  Correspondent!  should  forward  their  communi- 
cations at  the  earliest  possible  moment.  No  letter  can  be  published 
unlett  we  have  the  toriter's  name  and  address  in  our  possession. 


Artificers  In  the  Boyal  Navy. 

In  the  current  issue  of  your  journal  there  appears  a 
leading  article  dealing  with  the  claims  put  forward  by  the 
chief  and  artificer  engineers  and  engine  room  artificers  for 
better  pay,  accelerated  promotion,  and  a  minimum  pension  of 
£100  per  annum  for  chief  artificer  engineers.  Your  method  of 
tliscussing  these  claims  is,  to  say  the  least  of  it,  unsympa- 
thetic, if  not  unfair,  and  -seeing  that  the  Ei.kctrical 
Review  is  an  engineering  magazine,  your  remarks  call  for 
a  rejoinder  from  someone  that  has  an  intimate  knowledge  of 
the  subject,  and  such  knowledge  the  writer  of  this  letter 
claims  to  possess. 

You  state  at  the  outset  of  yoiir  article  that  the  subject 
which  you  discuss  has  nothing  to  do  with  "  the  old  trouble 
concerning  engineer  officers."  Well,  it  has,  and  it  hasn't. 
In  so  far  as  the  old  trouble  was  the  offspring  of  class  pre- 
judice and  arrant  snobbery,  the  grievances  of  the  engine 
room  artificer  class  are  of  the  same  order,  but  to  pursue 
that  aspect  of  the  question  would  encroach  too  mucb  upon 
your  space. 

Y''ou  state  that  the  "  plea  put  forward  by  nrlain  (italics 
are  by  the  writer)  discontented,  &c."  Why,  may 
I  ask,  do  you  set  out  to  weaken  the  plea  by 
making  it  appear  that  a  mere  handful,  and 
these  a  "  discontented  "  handful,  are  pushing  their  claims 
for  further  recognition,  when  further  on  your  article  claims 
to  speak  for  the  "  great  body  of  artificer  engineers "  r 
There  is  only  one  organised  body  of  chief  and  artificer 
engineers  and  engine-room  artificers,  and  it  is  this 
organisation  which  issued  the  plea  which  you  have  fallen 
foul  of.  It  must  be  assumed  that  these  responsible  men 
know  where  the  shoe  pinches,  and  so  suggest  a  remedy  so 
that  conditions  of  service  for  them  may  be  readjusted  and 
modified.  You  admit  that  the  several  points  enumerated  iu 
the  plea  are  "  legitimate  "  ones,  but  demur  to  them  being 
forced  upon  the  public  through  the  Press.  Why  ':  may  I 
ask  again.  A  few  weeks  ago,  columns  upon  columns  of 
special  articles  appeared  in  the  Pi-ess  adviK-ating  higher  y&s 


mi 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   [Voi.  72.  No.  i,84o,  fkbrdaby  2^,  1913. 


for  lower  deck  taUoga.  and  it  la  to  the  eve'tlasting  credit  of 
the  Press  that  it-  took  such  an  altruistic  attitude  on  behalf 
of  an  overworked  and  underpaid  body  of  tfien  as  those 
included  under  the  general  term  of  lower  deck  ratings. 

After  admitting  that  the  grievances  put  forward  in  the 
plea  which  you  criticised  are,  as  abstract  propositions, 
"  letritiinat« '■"  ont-s,  yon  proceed  to  state  t hut  the  pamphlet 
"  must  entirely  alienate  the  grumblers  from  the  sympathy  ol' 
those  who  have  more  than  a  superficial  knowledge  of  service 
matters."  Here  again  you  emphasise  what  I  must  describe 
as  prejudice  against  the  large  body  of  men  whose  views  and 
aspirations  are  voiced  in  the  pica  with  which  you  dealt  so 
caustically. 

There  are  grumblers  and  grumblers,  and  there  is  an  offen- 
sive way  in  which  the  adjective  can  be  used,  which  makes 
its  use  so  dangerous.  Its  use  in  a  professional  organ,  and 
on  such  a  subject,  is  to  be  regretted. 

But  to  more  serious  points  in  your  indictment.  You 
describe  the  statement : — "  We  are  rapidly  drifting  towards 
the  serious  position  of  a  steam  Navy  minus  engineer  officers'" 
as  a  "  loose  and  inaccurate  statement,"'  but  you  fail  to  show 
wherein  is  its  inaccuracy.  A  more  generous-minded  critic 
might  have  passed  what  is  condensed  into  the  broad  general- 
isation about  a  steam  Xavy  minus  engineer  officers.  It  may 
be  crudely  worded,  but  in  essence  it  is  true.  The  last 
Keyham-traiiiod  engineer  officers  joined  the  Navy  as  sub- 
lieutenants in  I'.tlO  (there  were  10  of  them)  ;  and,  according 
to  your  own  showing,  it  will  be  I'U^y  before  any  of  the 
common  entry  officers  are  sufficiently  specialised  in  engineer- 
ing to  be  drafted  into  the  service  for  engineering  duties. 
What  of  the  five  years'  hiatus  r  Where  are  the  engineer 
officers  to  supply  wastage  and  the  normal  expansion  of  the 
Navy  r  Further,  will  there  be  a  sufficient  number  of  these 
"  specialised  "  (I  hope  you  like  the  word,  though  it  doesn't 
sound  engineery)  officers  to  go  round — i.e.,  to  relieve  chief 
and  artificer  engineers  who  are  now  doing  the  duties  formerly 
ciirried  out  by  Keyham-trainetl  engineer  officei*s  ?  Yes, 
iiitudTlij  doing  those  duties. 

So  much  for  your  charge  of  looseness  and  inaccuracy. 
Yon  further  state  that  it  is  misleading  to  link  up  the 
artificers  with  the  commissioned  ranks.  In  fact,  you  say 
that  it  is  "  unfortunate."  ^lay  I  again  put  the  query  mark 
after  the  word  why  ':  The  Admiralty  has  no  hesitation  in 
linking  them  up.  At  the  present  moment  there  are  2:! 
engineer  lieutenants  who  at  one  time  were  artificers,  and 
(;;?(;  chief  and  artificer  engineere  who  served  in  the  same 
humble  but  responsible  capacity.  There  is  little  differentia- 
tion amongst  ranks  and  classes  when  duty  is  being  per- 
formed, and  it  is  only  sticklers  for  gradation  that  refuse  a 
place  in  the  sun  for  the  engine-room  artificers.  However, 
your  article  finishes  on  a  sound  note  by  stating  that  you 
think  that  the  lower  ('oni missioned  ranks  will  be  replenished 
from  amongst  the  most  deserving  of  the  warrant  officers. 
In  conclusion,  it  appears  to  the  writer  of  this  letter  a 
great  pity  that  the  engine-room  artificers  should  have 
received  a  blow  in  what,  it  was  hoped,  was  the  house  of  a 
friend.  Society,  and  other  flippant  and  irresponsible  organs 
can  criticise  as  they  like,  but  when  an  engineering  magazine 
takes  to  that  genial  art  in  an  ungenial  manner,  it  causes 
sorrow  and  disappointment  amongst  those  who  expected 
difTerent  treatment. 

W.  Stoddart, 

f>-Chiff  E.R.A. 

Sonthsea,  Fi-firiiari/  \><//i,  l'.il:^>. 


I  have  read  your  criticisms  on  "  Artificers  in  the  Royal 
Xavy,"  and  I  should  be  glad  if  you  would  allow  me  to 
reply. 

You  slate  that  if  the  artificers  forward  their  application 
for  increase  of  pay,  promotion.  *c.,  to  the  proj)er  authority, 
it  will  receive  attention.  Well,  Sir,  since  1»K2,  the^ 
artificers  have  been  asking  for  this  namt-  rise  in  pay  and 
pro8j)e<:t8,  without  sacoess,  and  therefore  in  justice  to  the 
gieat  body  of  artificers,  is  it  not  time  an  appeal  was  made  to 
the  general  public  ? 

With  regard  to  the  shortage  of  engineer  officers,  it 
cannot  \>e  denied  that  from  IDIO  to  ItHo  not  a  single 
engineer  officei  will  have  been  added  to  the  Royal  Navy, 
and  at  the  same  time  a  very  lai^e  imraber  of  engineer  com- 


■mahderi"  will  have  retired  (this  y^ear  28  are  due  to  retire). 
This,  in  conjunction  with  the  large  and  powerful  ships  being 
newly  commissioned,  proves  beyond  any  dispute  the  serious 
shortage  of  engineer  officers. 

As  to  the  lack  of  volunteers  for  specialising  in  engineering, 
anyone  with  the  slightest  acquaintance  with  the  present  or 
past  naval  cadet  knows  how  much  they  loathe  and  detest  the 
dirt  and  grease  inseparable  from  the  engine  room  of  a  ship, 
and  if  you  heard  the  remarks  that  are  made  by  them 
regarding  marine  engineering,  I  venture  to  think  you  would 
feel  doubtful  as  to  the  success  of  the  scheme. 

I  must  confess  it  is  a  surprise  to  me  to  read  an  article  in 
a  technical  paper  upholding  a  system  which  can  only  pro- 
duce a  jack-of-all-trades  ;  surely  there  is  sufficient  to  study 
and  master  in  the  profession  of  engineering  without  intro- 
ducing such  subjects  as  navigation,  gunnery,  &c.  The 
complication  of  modern  warships,  the  prospects  of  internal 
combustion  engines  and  the  probable  absence  of  stokers  in 
the  near  future  call  for  concentration  on  the  subject  of  prac- 
tical marine  engineering,  and  if  the  young  cadet  is  only 
undecided  as  to  what  he  shall  specialise  in,  it  will  not  tend  to 
produce  the  best  or  most  efficient  engineers. 

-Might  I  point  out  that  the  whole  of  the  mercantile 
engineers  are  exactly  the  same  class  and  type  of  men  as  the 
artificer  engineeis  and  engine-room  artificers  of  the  Koyal 
Navy  r  It  is  only  since  this  scheme  has  come  along  that 
commissions  in  the  I>oyal  Naval  Reserve  have  been  refused 
to  valuable  officers  of  the  mercantile  marine,  and  it  is  curious 
that,  although  some  300  were  considered  to  have  sufficient 
professional  knowledge  to  receive  commissions,  now  it  is 
impossible  for  any  mercantile  engineer  to  receive  a  com- 
mission, while,  on  the  other  hand,  upi^er-deck  officers  of 
the  merchant  service  are  being  made  lieutenants  on  the 
active  list. 

The  fact  remains  that  the  engineering  profession  is  looked 
down  upon  by  large  numbers  of  officers  in  the  Koyal  Navy. 

As  an  engineer  in  the  TJeserve,  holding  an  extra  first-class 
engineer"s  certificate,  with  some  experience  in  the  Navy,  I 
say  that,  in  the  artificer  engineers  and  engine-room  artificeis, 
the  country  has  sufficient  practical  engineers  to  take  complete 
charge  of  the  engine  rooms  of  the  whole  of  the  ships  in  the 
Navy,  and  I  feel  confident  that,  should  the  time  arrive  for 
them  to  prove  their  worth  as  engineers,  they  wJl  ac(|uit 
themselves  with  credit  to  their  cause  and  their  country. 

R.X.R.,  M.I.Mar.E.,  A.M.I.M.E.,  \(. 


Your  leader  on  "  Artificers  in  the  Royal  Navy,'"  in  the 
issue  of  February  14th,  calls  for  some  comment  from  those 
you  unfairly  designated  "certain  discontented  ones,  and 
misguided  few." 

I  say  unfairly,  because  the  implication  is  that  the  contents 
of  that  "  remarkable  "  pamphlet,  so  adversely  criticised  by 
yon,  were  not  approved  by  the  great  body  of  those  ranks 
and  ratings  enumerated  therein.  It  may,  however,  interest 
your  readers  to  know  that  the  Benevolent  Fund  membei-s 
number  not  less  than  two-thirds  of  the  total  of  artificer 
engineers  and  E.R.A.'s  in  H.M.  Navy— a  numl)er  which  is 
considered  fairly  representative  of  the  corps,  and  sufficient  at 
least  to  warrant  the  formulation  of  demands  for  their  special 
benefit,  yet  of  great  importance  also  to  the  general  efficiency 
of  naval  service. 

Moreover,  the  "  abstract  propositions  that  are  all  legiti- 
mate "  /lare  been  duly  made  to  the  proper  authorities,  and 
received  careful  consideration.  But  more  than  that  is  neces- 
sary to  ensure  success,  and  the  Navy,  being  "  in  effect  a 
secret  service,"  only  leaves  one  other  method  available  for 
pushing  demands  and  interesting  public  opinion,  viz.,  the 
Press,  which,  generally  speaking,  isfavomable. 

The  impracticability  of  sending  out  an  acconijianying 
explanatory  \olume  of  detail  will  l)e  recognised,  and  it  is 
sufficient  here  to  say  that  the  facts  stated  are  unimi>fachable. 
A  reference  to  the  official  current  Xavy  list  will  at  once 
show  that  there  are  no  officers— except  artificer  engineers — 
available  to  even  fill  up  the  ranks  of  engineers  retiring  every 
month;  and  all  that  is  asked  is  that  consideration  may  be 
given  to  the  claims  of  those  who  are  already  performing 
the  duties  of,  and  are  borne  in  lieu  of,  engineer  lieutenants 
in  many  ships. 


Vol.72.   No.  1,810,  fkbiuahv  28,191.1.1  TH?]    ELECTRICAL    RKVIEW. 


385 


.  ■  Artiftcer  eWgiueer^  Hlid  EJ.R.A-'S  *iU  ^^^  ijU'^  Content  if, 
HB  you  suggest,' the  way  is  left  open  for  "thoSe  who  oaji 
climb  to  the  liiglier  ranks,"  and  afe  finite  prepared  tio  fnlfil 
imy  conditions  to  that  end,  oiltKide  of  the  inonettiry  i|nnli 
(iratioii  inipiiaod  on  cadets. 

Trusting  ynu  will  give  publicity  to  this  nddilion  to  "  thi' 
scanty Ttlfoinmtion  available  "  hitherto,  and  thanking  yon  in 
anticipation. 

1  )evonpoii. 

[This  correspondence  is  referred  to  in  our  leader  pages. 
— Kns.  K.ll.l 


Fixing  Contacts  in  Springs. 

In  your  issue  of  February  Mth,  llll;-!,  I  noticed  under 
the  above  heading  a  device  by  Mr.  8.  !•].  Srawley,  of 
liiverpool,  which,  indeed,  is  a  great  improvement  on  the 
old  method  of  cutting  the  wire  into  bits  and  inserting  them 
by  means  of  a  pair  of  tweezers. 

Your  ccmtribntor  could,  of  course,  not  have  been  aware 
that  a  similar  tool  of  my  design,  also  for  a  small  handpress, 
has  been  working  in  a  Tiondon  factory  this  last  six  years 
very  successfully— producing  2,500  to  ;!,0()0  springs  per 
day,  of  any  kind. 

This  tool  includes  piercing  the  hole,  feeding  in  and 
cnttmg  the  wire,  forming  a  single  point,  doul)le  jioint,  single 
flat  and  double  fiat  contact,  as  required,  and  tinally  throwing 
out  the  spring  automatically  into  a  bo.\  by  the  side  of  tlic 
])ress.  each  spring  being  picked  up  once  only. 

A  second  and  much  improved  tool  for  the  same  ]mrpo.se  is 
now  also  at  work  in  another  fjondon  factory. 

Should  any  firm  be  interested  in  the  abo\c,  I  shall  be 
pleased  to  furnish  fnrtlier  particulars. 

M.  W.  F.  Petmeliy. 

London,  X.W.,  Vebnturi/  iO/h,  1018. 


■\Thich  is  practically  a  conductivity  teat,  by  lupplyinx  ciHr^Dt 
to  ihe  cable  and  armouring  with  voltmet6r  and  ammeter  it» 
circuit.     Then  the  fall  of  p^jtential  bctosh  the  ends  of   the 
condnctors  will  give  th<-  nsistfince  by  Ohm's  law,  vi/. 
__  drop  in  volts 
current 
This  is  a  simple  method,  and  should  appeal  tf)  the  "  .Small 
(Jolliery  Electrician"  referred  to  by  Mr.  Kivlen. 

Mr.  Kivlen  states  that  my  method  does  not  test  the  con- 
tinuity of  the  earth  conductor.  I  take  it  he  means  the 
whole  length  of  <:ondnctor.  This  can  easily  l>c  done  when 
the  arrangement  of  the  system  is  known,  and  may  be  applied 
in  his  aise  as  follows  : — 


Testing  the  Continuity  of  Earth  Conductors. 

AVith  reference  to  my  letter  of  the  3rd  inst.,  in  reply  to 
"  Continuity,"  kindly  grant  me  further  publicity  in  reply  to 
Mr.  .1.  P.  C.  Kivlen. 

In  my  reply  to  "  Continuity,"  I  simply  dealt  with  a 
method  of  testing  an  earthing  system  for  continuity  to  the 
earth  connection. 

As  regards  the  class  of  cable  and  the  arrangement  of  the 
earthing  systems,  before  deaUng  with  this  matter,  it  would 
Ix!  necessary  to  consider  the  circumstances  of  each  individual 
case.  I  presumed  the  regulations  in  regard  to  the  con- 
ductivity and  continuity  of  the  earth  conductors  were  fully 
understood,  and  there  should  be  no  difficulty  in  complying 
with  the  rules.  Provided  this  is  done,  all  that  remains  is  to 
maintain  the  efficiency  of  the  system  by  careful  inspection 
and  tests  from  time  to  time. 

Now,  with  regard  to  the  method  of  testing.  Mr.  Kivlen 
seems  to  look  upon  the  "  bridge  "  test  with  awe,  and  I  do 
not  quite  follow  him  when  he  refers  to  the  expense  of  a  few- 
thousand  gallons  of  water  and  a  few  tons  of  coal ;  but  I 
assure  him  that  the  tests  are  easily  made,  and  even  the  cost 
of  a  single  life  may  be  avoided. 

Referring  to  Rule  14,  sub-Sec.  (c)  (i),  Mr.  Kivlen  states 
that  this  does  not  call  for  a  "  bridge  ''  test,  or  any  definite 
measurement  at  all :  he  further  states  that  a  continuity 
t«st  can  be  taken  by  joining  one  of  the  copper  conductors  to 
the  armouring  at  the  far  end  of  the  cable,  and  testing  by 
"  Megger  "  or  galvanometer  from  the  same  conductor  to  the 
armouring  at  the  near  end.  I  say  that  to  rely  upon  a  test 
of  this  description  is  simply  asking  for  trouble,  and  1  would 
much  prefer  to  risk  inspection  only. 

The  "^Megger"  or  galvo.  would,  no  doubt,  show  perfect 
continuity,  but  5  or  10  per  cent,  of  his  load  current  on  the 
earth  conductors  would  probably  show  some  serious  defects 
in  the  continuity  of  his  earthing  system.  This  is  an 
important  point,  and,  T  believe,  has  been  the  cause  of  several 
fatal  accidents. 

With  regard  to  an  expensive  insulation  testing  ohmmeter 
and  generator,  no  damage  need  be  feared,  but  the  instru- 
ment is  practically  useless  for  such  a  test. 

A    more   reliable   test   can   be  taken    on    similar    lines. 


j:,  armouring 


Thus  the  total  res.  '•  of  the  line  and  earth  is  x  =  Ufij/i. 

If  the  cable  be  used  as  a  second  line  the  res.  of  the  earth 
conductor  can  be  determined  separately  from  that  of  earth,  as 
well  as  the  res.  of  earth. 

Let  r  =  res.  of  first  line,  /■,  =  res.  of  second  line,  /•,,  =  res. 
of  earth. 

Connect  the  far  end  of  /•  and  r,  together  to  get  the  total 
resistance  h  ;  connect  r  and  r,,  and  measure  res.  i;,. 

Connect  7\  and  r,,  and  get"  the  total  res.  r,, 

mi.        T             H  +  Ri  -f  R,, 
Then  if  t  =  — ~ — ~ i', 

r     =  T  —  R,,, 

/■j      =  T   -  R,, 
»•„     =  T   -   R. 

I  note  that  Mr.  Kivlen  agrees  that  it  is  necessary  to  test 
the  earth  itself,  although  he  states  that  the  rule  does  not  call 
for  it.  The  rules,  however,  refer  to  the  Board  of  Trade 
Regulation,  which  requires  two  earth-plates  to  be  laid  and 
maintained,  so  as  to  secure  electric  contact  with  the  general 
mass  of  earth,  and  so  that,  if  possible,  an  e.m.f.  not  exceed- 
ing 4  volts  shall  suffice  to  produce  a  current  of  at  least 
2  amperes  from  one  earth  connection  to  the  other,  through 
the  earth— a  test  to  be  made  once  every  month. 

It  was  pleasant  to  find  Mr.  Kivlen  finally  coming  over  to 
my  side  by  meansof  a  "  rapid ''  bridge  test.  But  why  "  rapid  ?" 
Acontinuity  test  may  be  taken  on  the  earth  conductors  at 
any  time  without  disorganising  the  system,  provided,  of 
course,  there  is  no  serious  leakage  disturbance. 

I  am  glad  to  have  had  the  opportunity  for  discussing  the 
subject  with  Mr.  Kivlen,  and  hope  to  see  further  correspon- 
dence on  the  subject. 

^.  T.  Davles. 

Swansea.  Fehruory  Mth,  19i;'>. 


In  further  reference  to  the  subject  of  mines  regulations 
and  the  continuity  of  earthing  conductors,  the  point  I  wished 
to  emphasise,  but' which,  perhaps.  I  did  not  quite  make  clear, 
appears  to  have  been  lost  sight  of  by  most  of  those  taking 
part  in  this  interesting  correspondence — that  is.  the  50  per 
cent,  conducti^-ity  at  all  joints,  as  rcf|Uired  by  Rule  ^{bu 
My  object  in  writing  was  to  open  a  controverey  on  this 
subject  with  a  view  to  an  exchange  of  opinions- on  this 
important  matter. 

I  take  it  for  granted  that  a  modern  colliery  installation 
is  provided  with  armoured  cables  that  comply  with  the 
recommendation  of  the  Engineering  Standards  Committee,  so 
that  the  question  of  continuity  and  conductivity  of  the  actual 
armouring  is  assured. 

I  cannot  agree  with  Mr.  Kivlen  where  he  says  :  "  This  does 
not  call  for  a  '  bridge '  test  or  any  definite  measurement  at 
all."     Rule  0  (/')  clearly  states  that  some  definite  measure- 


386 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.  [Voi.  72.  No.  i,84o,FKBBUARy28,  1913. 


meat  'is  required  to  prove  that  there  exists  the  required 
50  per  cent,  conductivity.  The  question  arises,  is  the  con- 
nection between  the  armour  or  clamp  at  each  side  of  a 
junction  box  sufficient  to  ensure  a  50  per  cent,  conductivity  ? 
I  am  confident,  provided  a  clean  and  tight  connection  is 
mitde,  that  it  does,  but  what  is  required  is  a  ready  method 
i)f  testing  to  prove  this  beyond  doubt. 

The  gahanoraeter  or  "  megger  "  test  does  not  necessarily 
prove  continuity  if  the  armour  is  in  a  damp  place,  and 
'  onveys  no  idea  of  the  conductivity  of  the  earthing  system. 

To  ensure  the  best  possible  earth  at  the  surface  of  the 
mine,  I  have  sunk  two  earth  plates  at  a  distance  of  25  ft. 
apart  in  wet  clay,  surrounded  by  email  coke,  but  I  cannot 
get  above  a  2.")  per  cent,  conductivity  between  the  two 
plates,  although  I  agree  that  a  good  earth  at  the  surface  is 
most   desirable.      I  think  it  quite  as  important  to  provide 


on  Armour 


mour 


additional  earth  plates  or  connections  to  pump  suctions  in  the 
mine,  although  I  can  only  get  a  25  per  cent,  conductivity 
between  my  two  surface  plates,  I  can  get  100  per  cent, 
betwi'cn  my  earthing  system  and  absolute  earth  taken  off 
the  surface  water  supply  pipe. 

r  should  like  to  suggest  a  method  of  testing  the  con- 
tinuity and  conductivity  of  joints  in  the  earthing  system  that 
d(ics  not  rcijuireany  interference  with  the  line  conductor  and 
does  not  interrupt  the  supply,  namely,  the  one  referred  to 
in  the  memorandum  on  Kule  N.  This  method  may  be  open 
to  criticism,  but  I  think  as  it  meets  the  requirements  of  the 
liight  Railway  orders  and  merits  mention  in  the  memo- 
randum of  testing  earth  plates,  it  might  be  usefully  applied 
for  periodically  testing  the  conductivity  through  junction 
lx)xes.  iVc. 

I  should  like  to  see  the  merits  or  demerits  of  earthing 
the  mid-voltage  point  of  a  medium-pressure  direct-current 
system  discussed  through  the  medium  of  your  columns. 


Norton,  Fdirmn/  -lAlh.  191:^>, 


Continuity. 


-Mr.  U.  Field's  communication  is.  perhaps,  just  a  little 
inconsistent.  If  lie  follows  the  correspondence  closely  he 
will  find  that  I  replied  to  a  (juestion  that  had  a  direct 
liearing  on  cjible  armouring,  and  on  nothing  else. 
Rule  12  (').  I  later  proceeded  to  interpret  Rule  H  (r)  (i). 
and,  in  this  ijiftance,  I  did  not  deal  with  cable  armouring  as 
the  predominating  factor,  as  your  correspondent  states.  I 
dwelt  on  the  importance  of  testing  the  "  earth,"  the  one 
"earth"'  that  the  Home  Office  recognises — the  proper  dis- 
charging device  at  the  surface.  Both  taken  conjointly  give 
the  liest  means  of  complying  with  the  rule. 

He  has  a  cal*le  to  the  bottom,  and  goes  in-bye  hanging  on 
pumps,  haulages,  Ac,  showing  no  distributing  system  to 
sp«-ak  of.  The  conditions,  of  course,  might  allow  of  nothing 
else.  Under  certain  conditions  it  is  bad  practice,  and  does 
not  allow  of  proper  discriminating  devices  being  installed. 
Xow,  Kule  14  (f)  (i)  tells  him  to  examine  the  apparatus, 
Ac,  and  surely,  if  he  has  proper  bonding  devices,  he  can  do 
this  with  the  sense  of  sight  and  feeling,  and  discover  a  fault 
if  one  exists.  If  he  has  .')0  natural  earths  in  the  pit  it  does 
not  prevent  him  from  testing  the  continuity  of  his  armour- 
ings from  one  or  all  of  his  machines  right  to  the  surface. 
Then  let  him,  if  he  will,discoimect  his  main  earth  cable,  the 
one  running  to  the  earth  i)lati'S  at  the  surface,  and  test  the 
value  of  his  plates  with  the  surrounding  soil  by  the  method 
I   have  shown.     The  Home  Oflice  give  his  earth  ajnductors 


an  absolutely  definable  resistance,  and  he  should  know  this 
value.  This  appUes,  no  matter  what  the  conditions,  in 
three-phase  work.  It  is  theoretical,  of  course,  but  with 
joints,  &c.,  if  it  is  not  more  than  100  per  cent,  higher,  he 
will  do  very  well. 

I  could  test  50  natural  earths  in  the  pit  by  a  little  dis- 
crimination, either  by  the  method  put  forward  "by  Mr.  Da\ies 
or  myself.  The  point  is,  how  can  you  stop  the  plant  to  do 
this  or  any  of  the  tests  r  If  he  now  tells  me  whether  his 
neutral  iioint  is  earthed-or  clear,  I  will  point  out  to  him  a 
means  of  defining  the  earth  that  tripped  his  switch. 


l^ddingston  West, 

Fehnmnj  22nd,  I'll 8. 


John  P.  C.  Kivlen. 


The  Use  of  Electricity  in  Mines. 

The  article  deaUng  with  "The  Use  of  Electricity  and 
Electrical  Accidents  in  Jlines  "  in  your  last  two  issues  was 
both  instructive  and  interesting,  and  I  note  the  recommenda- 
tions put  forward.  It  would  further  interest  me,  and  I 
believe  a  great  many  other  readers,  if  the  writer  of  the 
article  would  give  a  general  outline  as  to  how  he  would 
carry  out  the  following  scheme  : — 

Incoming  supply  from  supply  company  at  11,000  volts 
carried  down  shaft  30l)  fathoms  to  sub-station  at  bottom, 
with  four  coal-cutters  which  operate  at  the  same  time  at 
200  volts  in  a  22-in.  seam,  1^  miles  from  the  bottom. 
Power  not  being  used  elsewhere  in  the  mine. 


ToUcross,  FcbruaryHMh,  1913. 


J.  S.  Wallier. 


"Life  Understood." 


1  have  always  had  a  warm  corner  in  my  heart  for  the 
Ei.ECTRicAJ.  Review,  and  those  connected  with  it,  dating 
from  the  time  when,  as  a  young  man,  I  used  to  read  it 
through  regularly  every  week,  including  such  advertisements 
a.s  were  new  to  me.  I  am,  therefore,  writing  a  letter  dealing 
with  the  review  that  recently  appealed  in  your  paper  on  a 
book  called  "  Life  Understood,"  of  which  I  am  guilty  of 
being  the  author,  hoping  that  the  letter  may  be  of  the  use 
to  your  readers  that  many  letters  and  articles  in  the  Elec- 
trical Rkview  were  to  me  in  the  days  gone  by. 

The  main  point  made  by  the  reviewer  was  that  the  point 
of  the  book  was  elusive.  1  am  not  quite  sure  what  he  took 
as  the  main  point  of  the  book,  for  different  readers  might 
choose  different  points  according  to  that  in  which  they  were 
interested,  as  the  book  claims  to  have  cleared  up  all  occult 
phenomena  and  put  them  on  a  scientific  basis.  I  think  we 
may,  however,  take  the  main  point  to  be  "What  is  Life  ?  " 
f  point  out  clearly  in  "  Life  Understood  "  that  every  man 
appears  to  be  a  material  being  liable  to  sin,  suffering  and 
sickness,  but  that  he  is  really  a  perfect  being  in  a  perfect 
world  governed  by  a  perfect  God,  and  that  he  is  being 
humbugged  and  fooled  and  hypnotised  to  believe  that  the 
material  being  is  him,  whereas  the  real  spiritual  man  is  the 
only  real  man,  and  he  has  life  eternal,  the  matter  having  no 
life  but  being  merely  illusionary  phenomena,  like  a  series  of 
cinematographic  pictures. 

In  the  l»ible  we  are  told  in  many  places  that  we  are  Sons 
of  God,  and  yet  Jesus  said,  "  Ye  are  of  your  father  the 
devil."  I  point  out  that,  mathematically  speaking,  Heaven 
is  a  world  of  four  dimensions,  and  that  we  see  only  three 
dimensions  of  it,  and  therefore  see  it  all  wrongly.  The  love, 
the  life,  the  wisdom,  the  joy,  the  knowledge,  in  fact,  every- 
thing good  that  you  see  about  a  man  is  heavenly,  part  of 
the  real  spiritual  four-dimensional  man  ;  whereas  the  sin, 
sickness,  troubles  and  sorrows  are  of  our  "  father  the  devil," 
and  are  merely  a  series  of  cinematographic  pictures  that 
flash  by  in  front  of  the  real  man  and  hide  him  from  us.  It  is 
for  this  reason  that  the  psychometric  and  prophetic  results 
are  obtained,  as  it  is  possible  for  the  human  being  to  get  in 
mental  touch  with  these  cinematographic  pictures,  and  see 
what  is  about  to  happen  or  what  has  happened.  When  you 
know  how  to  think  rightly  you  can  destroy  the  evil  in  these 
cinematographic  pictures,  and  it  will  not  be  manifested. 
The  above  facts  are  capable  of  proof,  and  no  one  need 


Vol.72.  Mo.  1,840, fbbruaby 28. 1913.1     THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


387 


take  what  I  say,  as  they  can  prove  for  themselves  tlic  fuctu 
set  forth  in  "  Life  UiidersLootl." 

Another  objection  is  that  I  deal  with  "  things  ineta- 
phyftical."  This  is  true,  l)ccau80  I  point,  out  that  meta- 
physics, science  and  religion  must  all  agree  when  their 
mistakes  arc  corrected. 

We  have  until  recently  believed  that  matter  is  an  in- 
destructible thing.  If  this  be  so,  matter,  and  therefore  sin, 
sickness  and  trouble  must  exist  foi-  cv(m-.  Now,  I  point  out 
in  "Life  I'lidcrstood  "  how  matter,  being  electricity,  can 
be  caused  to  appear  and  disappear  8ci(!ntific!illy  in  two 
different  ways,  and  I  show  the  two  ways  in  which  this  tmn 
be  done,  one  by  altering  the  electrical  tension,  which  can 
be  done  hypnotically,  the  other  by  the  action  of  Ood,  the 
principle  of  good  which  short  circuits  the  lines  of  force  of 
which  the  ether  is  comjwsed.  These  lines  of  force  are 
identical  with  what  arc  called  "  thoughts  "  ;  thought  being 
a  high-tension  electrical  current,  and  matter,  from  a  meta- 
physical i)oint  of  view,  a  manifestation  of  thought. 

The  reviewer  says  : — "  The  author  has  certainly  written 
a  book  that  is  uni(iue.  Ho  deals  with  a  vast  array  of  sub- 
jects, but  not  always  witii  the  pen  of  a  specialist.  For 
instance,  hypnotism,  according  to  his  idea,  is  everything  that 
is  bad  and  useless.  He  does  not  seem  to  be  aware  of  the 
wonderful  mental  cures  that  are  being  effected  every  day  by 
means  of  this  truly  extraordinary  science." 

r  dealt  with  a  "vast  array  of  subjects,"  as  they  all  con- 
firm the  statements  put  forth  and  show  that  when  a  man 
really  knows  what  the  facts  of  life  are,  such  results  as  are 
obtained  by  sorcery,  spiritualism,  hypnotism,  faith  healing, 
thought  reading,  clairvoyance,  and  last,  not  least,  how  .Jesus 
did  his  miracles,  become  easy  to  understand. 

With  regard  to  hypnotism,  which  is  merely  the  power  of 
one  human  mind  over  another,  if  the  reviewer  had  been  able 
to  give  more  time,  he  would  have  found  not  only  that  in 
"  Tiife  Understood  "  do  I  deal  fully  with  hypnotism,  mention- 
mg  that  there  are  "  five  different  forms  of  hypnotism,  all  of 
them  wrong,"  but  that  I  show  the  reason  why,  to  use  his 
words,  it  is  "  bad  and  useless,"  and  further  show  the  proper 
method  of  mental  working  whereby  evil  and  matter  can  be 
always  destroyed,  and  not  only  the  person  helped  that  a 
man  was  endeavouring  to  help,  but  the  one  mentally  working, 
instead  of  being  harmed,  as  in  the  case  of  hypnotism,  is 
improved  mentally,  physically  and  morally.  I  can  deal  best 
with  this  one  point  by  saying  that  the  man  who  is  probably 
the  leading  medical  authority  in  the  world  on  the  human 
mind,  asked  me  not  long  ago  whether  I  would  help  one  of 
the  three  leading  hypnotic  doctors,  who  by  his  work  had  got 
himself  into  a  very  bad  state  of  health,  and  he  thanked  me 
sincerely  when  I  promised  that  I  would  do  this. 

In  "  Life  Understood  "  I  point  out  that  hypnotism  and 
its  results  have  been  known  for  centuries,  and  that  the 
results  obtained  by  witches  and  sorcerers  in  olden  days  were 
merely  hypnotic.  To-day  these  results  are  said  to  be  due  to 
hypnotism  and  mental  suggestion.  I  deal  fully  with 
psychotherapy,  and  also  give  a  list  of  results  obtained 
through  hypnotism,  and  the  names  of  some  30  of  the  leadei-s 
from  Kelmont  up  to  the  present  time. 

With  regard  to  spiritualism,  I  do  not  think  that  "  the 
treatment  is  somewhat  general,"  as  I  give  not  only  the 
scientific  reasons  for  the  results  obtained,  but  show  in  detail 
the  different  classes  of  results  that  can  be  obtained  by 
so-called  spiritualism,  and  also  point  out  that  it  has  nothing 
to  do  with  departed  spirits  in  any  shape  or  way,  but  is  merely 
due  to  the  action  of  the  sub-conscious  mind  of  the  medium. 

It  is  quite  true  that  in  the  book  there  are  "  weird  terms," 
but  the  rea?on  for  this  is  that  it  is  always  difficult  to  explain 
metaphysical  matters  clearly,  until  one  knows  the  way  in 
which  an  author  employs  his  words,  and  special  terms, 
which  in  every  case  have  been  explained,  have  had  to  be 
used — not  coined — in  order  to  prevent  confusion. 

F.  L.  Kawson. 

P.S. — Since  writing  the  above,  I  see  an  article  in  the 
Daibj  yeii's  in  which  it  deals  with  some  recent  statements 
by  Dr.  Stenson  Hooker  in  a  lecture  by  him  on  hypnotism. 
I  have  often  disctissed  mental  effects  with  Dr.  Hooier,  who 
has  come  to  me  for  advice  at  various  times,  and  it  will  he 
seen  that  he  clearly  draws  attention  to  the  dangers  and  abuse 
of  hypnotism. 


If  it  is  cnimblc  of  aluW',  and  everyone  iuukL  ndiiiit  thiH, 
it  in  fundamentally  wrong.  Working  mentally  in  the  proyier 
way,  no  harm  can  pr»H8ibly  accrue  i<>  thu  IicaNi  <<v  p;iii<-ni, 
and  good  must  always  I»e  done. 


THE    SOUNDER    IN    SUBMARINE    TELE- 
GRAPHY. 


By  EDWARD  RAYMOND  BARKER. 


UxDKR  the  above  heading,  the  Ki.KCTiiifAi,  Hkvikw,  in 
its  issue  of  February  21st,  drew  the  attention  of  its  readen* 
to  a  matter  which — through  the  medium  of  practically  the 
whole  Hritish  daily  I'ress  of  February  17tli — had  already 
riveted  the  notice  of  an  important  section  (<(  the  public. 
Reference  is  here  made  to  the  news  cabled  over  from  .N'ew 
York  Press  agencies,  relating  to  the  hucj'css  attending  the 
adoption,  by  the  Commercial  Cable  Co.,  of  our  countryman 
Mr.  John  (rott's  new  principle  of  telegraph-working  :  a 
principle  enabling  the  ordinary  Morse,  with  its  attendant 
automatic-translation  facilities,  to  be  worked  on  long  sub- 
marine cables. 

Before  offering  further  comment,  the  writer  seizes  the 
opportunity  to  convoy  to  Mr.  John  Gott  whole-hearted  con- 
gratulation on  the  success  of  his  invention  :  one  based  on  a 
principle  which — whatever  various  means  may  henceforward 
be  devised  or  may  have  been  devised  by  other  experimenters 
— will,  throughout  future  history,  remain,  and  ever  will  be 
recognised  as  wholly  and  entirely  his. 

Any  one  of  Mr.  .John  Gott's  large  circle  of  friends  will 
rejoice  in  the  realisation  of  his  ideas,  and  in  the  overcoming 
of  difficulties  ever-  present  in  the  practical  carrying-out  of 
instrumental  details. 

The  concept  of  utilising  the  cable  discharge,  after  each 
dot  or  dash  of  a  jMorse  signal,  to  cause  a  switch-over  to  a 
reverse  battery  polarity,  is  simple  as  well  as  ingenious,  and 
it  is  a  combination  of  these  two  attributes  which  marks  the 
true  genius.  The  consequent  close  succession  of  signals, 
whether  dots  or  dashes,  of  alternate  -f  and  —  polarity,  not 
only  tends,  during  the  progress  of  a  letter  or  of  a  word,  to 
keep  a  cable  in  an  electrically  neutral  condition,  but  dis- 
courages distortion. 

Now  that,  through  the  Press,  the  nature  of  the  Gott 
principle  has  been  disclosed,  various  experimenters  out  of 
sheer  personal  technical  interest  will  bring  out  other  devices 
for  the  carrying-out  of  the  Gott  principle.  The  writer  had 
two  of  his  own,  one  of  which  was  suggested  to  him  by 
mechanism  devised  by  a  friend  for  a  "  wireless "  steered 
submarine  torpedo.  One  of  these  is  a  purely  mechanical 
"step-over" — to  and  fro — action.  The  other  is  electro- 
magnetic. But  whatever  may  be  the  device  by  which  the 
current  is  automatically  reversed  on  the  coming  to  rest  of 
the  Morse  key  after  the  transmission  of  any  one  dot  or  dash, 
the  principle — and  it  is  that  which  matters — is  covered  by 
the  patents  taken  out,  so  the  Press  informs  us,  in  all 
countries. 

The  writer  would  not  have  ventured  to  discuss  technical 
details,  had  not  matter  sufficient  to  warrant  discussion 
already  appeared  in  the  technical  Press. 

So  far  the  writer  has  dealt  with  this  subject  solely  m  its 
bearings  on  the  distinguished  inventor.  One  may  rest 
assured  that  Mr.  John  Gott  is  in  no  way  responsible  for  the 
wording  of  the  messages  emanating  from  Xew  York  Press 
agencies.  The  same  applies  to  the  gentlemen  who,  under 
their  eminent  President,  control  in  Xew  York  the  business 
of  the  Commercial  Cable  Co.  From  these  gentlemen,  all 
and  individually,  the  writer  has  received  kindnesses  and  acts 
of  hospitality  that  he  will  never  forget.  At  the  same  time 
he  has  been  in  New  York  quite  often  enough  to  know  how 
easily  exaggerations  get  afloat. 

In  this  mention  of  exaggerations,  the  writer  is  prompted 
by  the  fact  that  one  great  point  in  the  Press  notices  has 
been  the  alleged  discovery  of  effective  cable  Morse,  that  is 
to  say,  of  a  device  enabling  a  common  Morse  inker  or  sounder 
to  be  used  on  a  long  submarine  cable  at  a  good  commercial 
speed.     The  question  instantly  arises  :  "  Is  cable-Morse  quite 


388 


THE    ELECTEICaL    HBYIEW.    [voi.  72.  no.  1,840,  febkuaby  28, 1913. 


imkjiown  ':  "    The  writer  here  refei-s  to  cases  where  the  Morse 
has  supphuited  the  Kelvin  recorder. 

A  highly  respected  coiiteiniwrary,  the  Elirlririan  (February 
•ilst)  in  a  leading  note,  and  an  interesting  descriptive  article, 
gives  much  the  same   information  as  that  to  be  found  in  the 
Elfxtrhai.    Kkvikw    (February    21st),    and,    elsewhere, 
indulges   in   a  joke  about  the  advent  of  cable  Morse.     On 
page  H'-Oof  the  esteemed  contemporary's  current  supplement, 
empliatic  denial  is  given  to  a  rumour  that  a  magnate  (named) 
in  the  "  wireless  "  (tinancial)  world,  on  reading  of  Mr.  John 
(tott's   system,  remarked  ....    Well,  on  second  thoughts, 

the  writer  prefers  not  to  rej^at  the  words.     These  may  I* 
read    in  the   columns'  of   the  contemporary.     They   evince 
keen  regret  on  the  part   of  the   ?i)eaker   that    the   business 
likely  to  accrue  from  the  new  system  had  not  come  his  way. 

To   return,  however,  to  the  (juestion  as  to  the  progress 
already  made  in  cable  ^lorse — a  method  of  working,  accord- 
ing topracticjdly  all  the  Press  notices,  now  for  the  first  time 
rendered   feasible.     Is  it  just,  then,  that  we  should  ignore 
the  work  of    the    late    M.    Pierre    Picard,   of  the  French 
Government  Telegraph  Service  ?     Mr.  .)ohn  Gott  would  l)e 
the  tii"st  man  to  give  an  emphatic  negative  to  this  question. 

According  to  the  Comjtiex  Kendun  de  I' Aradfinie  des  Srieitcc^:, 
of  Pai'is,  on  December  21st,  1  DOS,  a  Commission  nominated 
by  the  Academic  unanimously  voted  the  "  Prix  Hughes"  to 
M.  Pierre  Picard  for  telegraphic  improvements,  resulting  not 
only  in  a  greatly  increased  signalling  speed  on  the  cables,  but 
in  rendering  feasible,  on  the  French  Government  Marseilles- 
Algiers  cables,  the  use  of  rapid  Morse,  and  of  the  Hughes 
and  the  Baudot  printing  systems.     Hitherto  siphon  recorders 
had  been  used.      On  the  Oran-Tangiers  cable,  too,  Picard- 
Morse  had  been  adopted  with — when  press  of  traffic  re<iuired 
it — Wheatstone  auto-transmission. 

The   writer  begs  leave  to  quote  from   the  Elk(  truai. 

Pkvikw  of  September  11  th,  li)03,  certain  statements  of  fact 

as   to  M.  Pierre    I'icard's  work — work  still  in   full   swing 

between  I'aris  and  Algiere,  with  auto-relay  at  IMarseilles. 

....  .  .   Dij-ect  communiciition  between  Paiisand  Algiers 

l)y  means  of  the   Baudot  apparatus.     The  total   length  of 
the  line  was  1,HOO  km.,  of  which  '.lOO  km.  were  cable.  .  .  . 

M.  Picard  has  devised  a  most  ingenious  method  of  employing 
the  periods  of  n:i/  between  the  emitted  currents  to  produce 
the  signals.  The  '  tail '  of  the  current,  hitherto  considered 
the  enemy  of  the  submarine  telegraphist,  has  now  l)een  made 
his  best  friend.  Instead  of  the  length  of  the  current  form- 
ing the  dots  and  dashes,  the  signals  are  made  by  the  length 
of  time  lirfiri'tJ/i  the  currents.  The  currents  arc  all  of  equal 
length  and  strength.  In  the  picturesque  language  of  a 
French  engineer:  'On  parle,  jiour  ainsi  dire,  avec  idos 
silences."  Fach  signal  is  composed  of  two  currents  of  e(|uui 
duration,  one  positive  and  one  negative.  Between  these  two 
currents,  the  positive  and  the  negative,  a  period  more  or  less 
long  distinguishes  the  dash  from  the  dot.  The  system  can 
also  be  applied  to  printing  telegraphs  with  equal  success  .  .  . 
The  transmissions  from  Paris  to  Algiers  direct  were  effected 
by  means  of  translating  relays  at  Marseilles.  Paris  can 
employ  a  four-armed  set  to  Algiers  ;  the  arms  unemployed  at 
Paris  are  used  at  Marseilles.  The  Central  Office  at  Paris 
can  on  occasion  give  up  two  arms  to  the  Flysce  Office,  and 
the  Central  Office  at  Algiers  can  on  its  side  give  up  two 
arms  to  the  palace  of  the  (iovernor-CJeneral,  thus  establishing 
direct  communication  between  the  offices  of  the  President  of 
the  Republic  and  the  Governor-tJeneral." 

Much  more  detailed  information  regarding  the  Pierre 
Picard  principle  of  cable  working  may  be  obtained  from  the 
valuable  illustrated  articles  written  by  M.  le  Dr.  A.  Tobler 
(Professeur  a  I'Ecjole  Polytechnique  de  Zurich),  and 
published  in  L>-  Joiirnul  TiUiiraphiqui-  de  Berne,  for 
December  2.'.th,  1003,  and  .lanuary  2r)th,  1904. 

From  this  source  we  learn  that,  in  1«08,  when  still  the 
l\eiviii  recorder  was  worked  on  the  three  Marseilles- Algiers 
1  ables,  increase  of  traffic  appeared  to  necessitate  an 
additional  cable.'  However,  the  adoption  of  the  Baudot, 
made  possible  on  the  cables  by  t'icard's  method  of  trans- 
dutting  ..incipient  impulses  of  alternate  polarity  without 
learning-  the  caJble  at  .the  ending  end,  obviated  the 
'necessity  for  a  Tourth  cable.  Tn-'fact^  siucii  the  adoption  of 
'tie  Pipard-Baudpl.-the.  three  cables  have  largsiy  .'sufficed 
•for  air  pufpoaes",  and"  the  public  receives  its  tele^ranvs  in 
,piiht,dirpi:'  from  the  Paris-Algrer/j  apparatus. 


Again,  very  clear  notes  on  the  Picard  principle  are  given 
m  Lr  Journal  THhjraiihUiin'  of  December  2.")th,  li)OG,  by 
M.  A.  ('arletti.  He  shows  that  Picard  sought  to  arrive  at 
absolute  sign-alternation,  combined  with  eciuality  in  the 
strength  and  duration  of  actual  electrical  charges,  and  this 
without  any  reference  to  the  diu-ation  of  an  actual  signal 
— that  is  to  gay,  to  the  duration  of  the  ivlcrvfd  between  the 
first  impulse  of  a  given  sign  and  the  following  impulse  of 
opposite  sign,  'What  differentiates  Picard's  principle  from 
all  others  employed,  or  tried  up  to  his  time,  has  been  his 
absolute  abandonment  of  any  idea  of  bringing  back  the  elec- 
trical condition  of  the  cable  to  a  neutral  condition  after 
the  application  :of  each  charge.  Picard  has  brought  about 
that  each  transmitted  impulse  finds  the  cable  in  asynnnetric- 
ally  neutral  electrical  condition.  In  other  words,  a  -I-  ciiarge 
finds  the  cable  influenced  by  a  -  charge  of  known  value  ;  a 
—  charge  finds  in  thc^  cable  a  -I-  charge  equal  to  Llie  pre- 
ceding —  charge,  and  so  on. 

On  cables  of  "great  length,"  M.  A.  Carletti  remarks. 
Picard  insulates  the  line  after  each  momentary  charge  impulse 
and,  according  to  the  nature  of  the  cable,  he  substit-utes,  in 
certain  cases,  an  earthing  period  of  given  time  value,  followed 
by  a  "  freeing." 

The  writer  has  attempted,  in  figs.  1  and  2,  to  summarise 
matters. 

I'ig.  1  compares  the  Picard  and  the  Gott  transmission 
principles,  and  shows  the  word  "  Picard  "  in  conventional 


V Uv^ ^^ yi rVVH ^^ 


B. 


^J\\^v\^J\]'^J\ 


Fig.  1.  - -PicAKi)  {x)  .\.M)  Gott  (n)  ('(>Mr.\UM>, 

grajihs  illustiativcof  the  two  })riiiciples,  and  in  corresponding 
Morse. 

Fig.  2  shows  what  may  be  termed  the  master  device  of 
Pierre  Picard,  applicable  to  hand  Morse  or  to  'Wheatstone 
auto,  to  the  Hughes  or  to  the  Baudot. 

In  fig.  2  a  simple  cable  Morse  circuit  is  shown.  Con- 
tinuous lines  =  main  circuit ;  interrupted  lines  =  local 
circuits  :  ii,  and  R,  are  two  polarised  relays  ;  i.  Bj  and  L  u, 
are  local  batteries. 


SBi       £■      -a» 

H|lilil!Mr-rHi«'lililHi- 

Ti 


LBi      LBi 

i--l!llH|l(- 

Lfc 

V-J 
'•-^V 

Fig.  2.— Piekhe  Picard's  Cable  Mousk. 

Owing  to  the  presence  of  the  io(;al  condenser  Lc,  any  de- 
pression of  key  K  causes  a  momentary  "  kick "  of  relay 
tongue  T,  up  against  its  stop  contact  on  the  -I-  pole  of  the 
sending  battery  s  n^. 

Again,  each  time  k  comes  to  rest  after  each  dot  or  dash, 
the  relay  tongue  Ti  .  maljes  a  momentary  contact  against  its 
'fitop^contactpn  the  —  pole  of  SB,.  ;     .        '.'-.. 

^Puring  -the  interval  between  the  .two  relay  tongue  kicks 
caused  tespectiicely  by  the  depression  and 'the  raising  of  k, 
thesending  end  of  the  cable  remains  insulated  on  the  elec- 
trically connected  tongues  t,  and  t^  at  rest. 


Vol.72.   No.  1,810,  fkhkuaky  2s,  loiit.j     TflK    F; F iKCTRICA fj    KI'lVIKW. 


y;50 


.\  ;,'ra|tliii^  prcsciitiuouL  of  tlio  working,'  of  Lbc  inoiiit:iiUiiy 
+  iiiid  —  impulses  is  shown  hy  "a"  in  lij(.  1,  which  (1(k;s 
not  prcLtmd  l-o  irpioKcnt  tlir  mil  (^Ifctriail  coiidiUons  in  Liu; 
cahU;. 

At  tlic  receiving  end' of  the  line  is  s  (  ii,  a  snspendod- 
coil  relay  speciHlly  de8if,'iied  l)y  M.  I'iorri-  I'icard.  The  coil 
lias  no  self-ietnictivc  force,  luit  is  ahsoliitcly  frei;  to  respond, 
in  its  niovcincnts,  only  to  v»\)\r  impulses. 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINQB 
AND    PLANT. 

Coniliiit  (Jirdcr  liux. 

In  a  HupplenienUry  Bhect  (T 'A).  MK^!^K^.  Bimplkx  Oi.vdmtk' 
l/ri).,  of  Chariim  CroHH  Roud,  W.C,  k'vc  pfirtlouUra  of  two  new 
conduit   acciSHoricH     their  patfint  (firdcr  clip  and  girder  Iwx.     Tho 


I'K:.    1,— Sl.Ml'LK.X   GlUDKH    l5ox. 


FlO.   2.— GOTTSI'HALK    TRANSMITTKK   WITH    BACK    CASING   Rk.MOVKD,    A.SD  COMI'I.KT K. 


Between  tlic  relay  and  "  earth  "  is  the  receiving  cop- 
denser  J!  ('. 

Ifc  will  be  seen  that  in  I'icard's  system,  +  and  —  momen- 
tary impulses  cancel  out,  wliether  in  a  signal,  a  letter,  a  word, 
or  l.OOd  words. 

The  (!utt  system  of  transmission,  illustrated  in  u  (fig.  1), 
if  subjected  to  similar  analytical  treatment,  gives  interesting 
results,  showing  a  certain  -I-  percentage  of  overcharge  in 
some  cases,  and  —  percentage  in  others,  but  balancing  out 
very  evenly  on  the  whole. 

Results  are  Iieie  given  of  electrical  analyses  applied  to  the 
following  sentences  transmitted  on  the  (rott  principle.  In 
each  case  a  start  has  been  made  with  the  -|-  current.  The 
dot  has  been  taken  as  unit. 

"The  Commercial  Cable  Co.,  of  New  York,  llnited  Slates 
of  America." 

(-I-)  units  =  l.")!,  (  — )  units  =  120.  overcharge  = 
l!i-K  (-I-)  per  cent, 
'•■["he   Telegraph   Construction    &    Maintenance   Co.,   of 
(Greenwich."' 

(-f-)  =  l;!!  :  (  — )  =  l;-i3.  Overcharge  =  0-75  |)crcent.  (-f-). 
"Siemens    Bros.    Dynamo    Works,    Ltd.,    Stafford    and 
liondon.  Ijiigland." 

(-f)-=  120  ;  (  —  )—  143.      lO-'.l  per  cent.  (  —  V 
"The   India- K nbber, '(iiitta-rercha  <t  'I'elegraph  Works 
Co.,  Ltd." 

(  +)  =  K«  ;  (-)  =  121.     {)■[)  per  cent.  {+). 
The  simple  alphabet  without  accented  letters,  &c. 

O)  =  87  ;  (— )  =  71.     22-5  per  cent.  (  + ). 
Figures  1  to  0  inclusive  : —  1 

(  +  )  =  45  :  (-)  =  55.  22-2  percent.  (  — ). 
Taking  the  sums  of  the  foregoing  : — 
(  -I- )  =  (;79  ;  ( — )  =  640.  Overcharge  =  4-C>  per  cent.  (+  ). 
The  question  remains  -.  To  what  extent  is  the  Picard 
principle — so  successful  in  the  Mediterranean — applicable 
over  average  Atlantic  and  Pacific  cables  !■"  Here,  at  any 
rate,  lies  an  untrammelled  line  of  legitimate  investigation 
open  to  all. 

It  has  been  shown  how  Pierre  Picard  was  honoured  by 
the  Academic  des  Sciences  of  his  country.  May  the  writer 
be  allowed  to  express  the  hope  that  equivalent  or  greater 
distinctions  will  be  conferred  in  London  and  in  New  York, 
on  John  Gott,  the  British  inventor  of  the  liondon — New 
York  cable  Morse. 


Inquest. — The  funeral  took  place  last  Friday  at  Acton 
cemetery  of  Mr.  Charles  Ellis,  an  electrical  engineer,  employed  by  ■ 
the  Great  Western  Eailway  Co.  Deceased  was  50  years  of  age,  and 
a  member  of  the  London  Railway  A.A.,  to  which  he  had  rend(fed 
assistance  by  the  erection  of  a  special  telephonic  service  for  the  facili- 
tation of  the  meetings  at  the  Stadium  and  at  Castlebar  Park, 
Eajing..  The  deceased  died  suddenly,  »nd  at  the  inquest  the 
.  medical  evidence  showed  thfit  he  was  in  the  early  condition  of 
pneumonia,  and  there  was  dilatation  of  the,  heart,  which  produced 
syncope.    A  verdict  of  death  from  natural  causes  was  letiuned. 


latter,  which  we  illustrate,  is  a  neat  arrangement  for  carrying 
conduits  around  girders  in  factories,  kc.  Where  it  is  required  to 
drop  a  light  from  the  girder,  the  box  can  be  provided  with  a 
porcelain  connection  piece  and  a  cord  grip  at  a  small  extra  charge. 
It  is  stated  that  the  box  itself  is  practically  equivalent  in  cost  to  the 
two  inspection  bends  which  in  the  ordinary  case  would  be  used. 
The  box  has  a  cast  base,  which  projects  over  the  sides  of  the  cover, 
preventing  any  moisture  draining  off  the  girder  from  penetrating 
inside  the  box.  A  rubber  or  leather  washer  should  be  used  between 
the  underside  of  the  base  and  the  lock  nut. 

The  (Jottsfhalk  Telephone  Transinitfer. 

Tractically  all  the  commercial  types  of  telephone  transmitter 
have  employed  the  same  type  of  diaphragm  as  was  found  in  the 
very  first  instruments  designed.  The  Oottschalk  transmitter,  how- 
ever, is  the  result  of  over  five  years'  careful  investigation  of  the 


.-*J[^K^ 


I'u;.    .S.— GoTTS(  H.\I,K   TRANSMn'TKlt,    AND    DIAPHRAGM. 


properties  of  vibrating  diaphragms.  Instead  of  employing  a  loose 
diaphragm  made  of  some  dead  metal,  such  aa  aluminium,  which  is 
commonly  used  for  the  purpose,  phosphor-bronze  is  employed,  which 
is  rolled  to  produce  an  initial  tension.  The  diaphragm  is  then 
formed,  without  drawing-  the  temper,  into  a  pan-shaped  disk,  the 
projecting  edge  of  which  is  securely  clamped,  leaving  the  central 
portion  free  to  vibrate  like  a  drum-head. 

A  resistance  cell  of  the  ordinary  type  is  connected  to  the  centre 
of  the  diaphragm  by  means  of  a  spider-shaped  member  having  a 
number  of  feet,  which  are  soldered  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  dia- 
phragm (fig.  3).  These  feet  being  equi-distant  from  the  centre,  pick 
up  the  sound  vibrations  at  the  point  of  maximum  amplitude,  and  it 
will  be  noted  that  this  method  of  connection  is  entirely  different 
from  the  ordinary  method,  wherein  the  cell  is  connected  to  the  dia- 
phragm at  the  centre.  The  cell  with  the  diaphragm  is  placed  in  a 
back  casing,  the  various  parts  being  illustrated  in  the  accompany- 
ing figures.  A  connection  is  made  between  the  front  electrode  of 
the  cell  and  an  insulated  terminal  carried  on  the  casing,  in  such  a 
manner  that  the  circuit  is  confined  to  the  electrodes  and  granular 
carbon,  so  that  no  part  of  the  casing  or  diaphragm  is  in  circuit. 

Certain  other  details  of  construction  result  in  an  instrument 
which  is  absolutely  watertight,  as  it  may  be  immersed  in  water  for 
hours,  or  even  days,  without  any  damage  whatever.  The  casing 
being  of  brass  and  the  diaphragm  of  phosphor-bronze,  there  is  no 
corrosion  such  as  commonly  occurs  in  transmitters  where  aluminium 
diaphragms  are  employed. 

As  the  sensibility  of  the  instrument  is  considerably  increased  by 
the  improved  diaphragm  construction,  it  is  possible  to  dispense  with 
the  usual  mouthpiece.  Telephone  companies  figure,  especially  in 
the  case  of  desk  sets,  that  the  annual  maintenance  cost  for  mouth- 
piece replacement  is  as  high  as  2s.  per  telephone.  The  Gottschalk 
instrument  eliminates  this  charge,  as  the  mouthpiece  consist.-  of  n 
flat  perforated  metal  guard,  which  it  practically  indestructible 
(fig.  3). 

The  mouthpiece  can  be  thoroughly  cleansed,  and  as  it  is  flat,  it 
will  be  often  wiped,  which  is  not  the  case  with  the  usual  funnel- 
shaped  mouthpiece.  With  the  Gottschalk  instrument  the  user  un- 
consciously gets  close  to  the  flat  guard,  ae  there  is  ::ctli!r>=:  to  teped 
him,  and  better  average  ttanfmiesicn  results. 


840 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVTEW.  [voi.  72.  No.  i,84o,febe0aey28,  19:3. 


The  shell  of  the  instrument  in  provided  with  a  large  drain  hole, 
so  that  water  and  moieture  can  drain  off  the  diaphragm.  The 
latter  has  no  holes  or  seams  whereby  moisture  can  penetrate  to 
the  interior. 

From  tests  made  in  several  University  laboratories  and  by  Mr. 
H.  R.  Van  Deventer,  this  instrument,  in  its  commercial  form,  was 
fonnd  to  averagro  from  ;}  to  7  miles  better  in  terms  of  standard  cable 
than  transmitters  of  ordinary  construction. 

Ferro-zincing  or  IronlsiDg. 

In  a  new  process  for  protecting  iron  and  steel  surfaces  from 
corrosion,  of  which  we  have  received  particulars  from  Mb.  Shebabd 
CowPER-CoLES,  an  alloy  of  zinc  is  electrolytically  deposited  on  the 
surface  of  the  iron  or  steel  to  be  protected,  which  is  more  durable 
than  coatinp  with  zinc  alone.  The  great  drawback  to  zinc  is  that 
it  is  BO  readily  attacked  by  weak  alkalies  or  acids.  The  resisting 
power  to  corrosion  of  zinc-iron  alloy  has  already  been  established  in 
connection  with  the  process  of  "  Sherardising,"  which  corsists  of 
forming  an  alloy  of  zinc  and  iron  on  the  surface  by  bringing  iron 
or  steel  in  contact  with  zinc  dust  or  powder  at  a  temperature  con- 
siderably below  the  melting  point  of  metallic  zinc.  The  new 
procesp  of  ferro-zincing  or  ironising  has  the  advantage  that  articles 
of  almost  any  size  can  be  coated,  and  it  is  cheaper  and  more 
efficient  than  hot  galvanising  :  a«  the  process  is  a  cold  one,  there  is 
no  distortion. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Book  Notices. — Devtscher  Ka  lender  fit  r  Elektrotechnilctr 
(Uppenbom's).  Edited  by  6.  Dettmar.  Thirtieth  year.  Munich  : 
R.  Oldenbourg.  Price  5  M. — This  handbook,  one  of  the  very 
oldest-established,  is  issued  in  two  parts,  one  neatly  bound  in 
leather  for  the  pocket,  the  other  in  paper  covers.  The  former 
contains  tables,  units,  elementary  principles,  measurements,  and 
treatises  on  electrical  machinery  d.c.  and  a.c,  batteries,  generation 
and  distribution,  lighting  and  power,  regulations,  i;c.,  with  a  diary 
at  the  end.  The  second  part  covers  electric  traction,  telephony  and 
telegraphy,  electrochemistry,  physics  and  mathematics.  The  two 
together  constitute  what  is  practically  an  encyclopaedia  of  informa- 
tion on  electrical  and  allied  subjects  in  compact  form,  and  must  be 
highly  prized  by  their  users. 

"  The  Design  of  Alternating-Current  Machinery."  By  James  R. 
Barr  and  B.  D.  Archibald.  Pric«  128.  6d.  net.  "The  Baudot 
Printing  Telegraph  System."  By  H.  W.  Pendry.  Price  28.  6d.  net. 
"  A  First  Book  of  Electricity  and  Magnetism."  By  W.  Perren 
Maycock.  Fourth  Edition.  Price  28.  6d.  net.  London  :  Whittaker 
and  Co. 

"Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute."  Vol.  CLXXV,  No.  2. 
February,  191  :s.     Philadelphia  :  The  Institute.     Price  50  c. 

"The  Physical  Review."  Vol.  I,  No.  1.  January,  1913.  Lan- 
caster, Pa. :  The  American  Physical  Society.    Price  60  c. 

"  Atti  della  Associazione  Elettrotecnica  Italiana."  February  15th, 
1913.     Milan  :  Stucchi,  Ceretti  4:  Co.     Price  J-.  loO. 

"  Einfluss  der  Soheinenspur  auf  die  Eisenbahn  und  Kleinbahn- 
Wagen."  By  James  Sutherland  Warner.  London  :  The  Warner 
International  and  Oyeraeas  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.     Price  1  M. 

Dissolutions  and  Liquidations. — Thk  Ciii.BKET  Arc 

Lamp  Co.,  Ltd. — This  company  is  winding  up  voluntarily,  with 
Mr.  W.  A.  Henderson,  3,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.G.,  as  liquidator.  A 
meeting  of  creditors  is  called  for  to-day.  We  are  asked  to  state  that 
this  liquidation  is  merely  for  the  purpose  of  completing  the  transfer 
of  the  assets  to  Engineering  and  Arc  Lamps,  Ltd.,  of  Sphere 
Engineering  Works,  St.  Albans,  Herts. 

Crathorne  &  Gref.n  Manukactubing  Co.,  electrical  engineers, 
Wagner  Street,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E. — Messrs.  J.  L.  Crathorne  and 
F.  J.  Green  have  dissolved  partnership,  Mr.  Green  attends  to  debts, 
A:o.,  and  will  continue  the  business. 

Hartlepool  Electric  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.— A  meeting  will 
be  held  on  March  28th  at  Electrical  Federation  Building,  Kings- 
way,  W.C .  to  hear  an  account  of  the  winding  up  from  the 
liquidators,  Messrs.  H  W.  Davis  &  H.  A.  Stagg. 

LiHHT  Railways  Syndicate,  Ltd.— A  meeting  is  called  for 
April  2nd  at  the  offices  of  the  New  General  Traction  Co.,  Ltd., 
-  Crosby  Square,  E.C.,  to  hear  an  account  of  the  winding  up. 

Osram  Lamp  Patents.— On  Friday,  February  7th, 
1913,  in  the  High  Court  of  Justice,  Chancery  Division,  Mr.  Justice 
Swinfen  Eady  granted  an  interim  injunction  to  the  Osram  Lamp 
Works,  Ltd.,  restraining  the  Oro  Light  and  General  Supply  Co., 
Ltd.  ("  Oro "  lamps)  their  servants,  agents  and  workmen  from 
(«lling  lamps  infringing  C)dram  Patents  Nos.  23,899  of  1904  and 
l>*,t;22  of  T.iOi).  We  are  informed  that  the  lamps  in  question  were 
made  by  the  Wolfram  Co.,  Augsburg.  Bavaria. 

(atalotrufs    and  Lists. — Mkssks.  Laix;,   Wuakiox, 

[jTD.,  7,  (ireaX  Newport  Street,  London,  W.C.^English  and  French 
(iditions  of  Messrs.  Vedovelli,  Priestley  k  Co.  s  catalogue  of  high 
and  low-tension  switchgear,  for  which  the  firm  are  sole  agents  in 
the  United  Xingdom. — The  English  edition  consists  {of  44  pages, 
and  contains  excellent  illustrations,  descriptive  particulars,  and 
tabulated  prices  of  various  switches,  fuses,  relays,  switch  fuses, 
litJtitning  arresters,   limiters,  resistances,   &c.    The  French  edition 


(of  72  pages)  deals  with  the  tame  and  many  additional  lines,  and 
contains  half-tone  illustrations  of  overhead  high-tension  lines, 
electric  railway  overhead  construction  work,  electric  luminous 
fountains,  &c. 

Mr.  George  Ellison,  Victori*  Works,  Warstone  Lane, 
Birmingham.— Illu8trat«d  sheet.  No.  500/1,  containing  a  full 
description  of  their  new  drum  type  controllers  for  cranes,  hoists,  &c. 
They  are  now  manufacturing  controllers,  both  for  d.c.  and  a.c. 
circuits,  and  several  new  features  are  embodied  in  the  present 
design,  one  being  the  very  large  space  allowed  for  connecting  up. 

Messrs.  Aiton  A:  Co.,  Derby.— Cktalogue  of  between  oO  and  40 
pages,  containing  a  great  deal  of  information  useful  to  engineers, 
relating  to  flanged  pipes  and  accessories.  Tabular  prices  and  dia- 
grams are  given  of  cast-iron  pipes,  wrought-steel  [pipes,  expansion 
bends  and  steam  separators,  table  and  hanger  brackets,  automatic 
exhaust  relief  valves,  and  high-pressure  steam  traps.  Tables  are 
included  of  the  flow  of  steam  and  water  in  pipes,  also  a  standard 
specification.  It  is  claimed  that  by  the  use  of  this  catalogue  an 
engineer  can  decide  the  sizes  of  pipes  which  will  be  required  for 
certain  duties,  and  can  work  out  their  cost,  including  the  usual 
accessories. 

Messrs.  Aldous  &  Campbell,  Ltd.,  Lower  Bland  Street, 
London,  S.E. — Blotter  card,  showing  one  of  their  switch  control 
electric  passenger  lifts. 

Messrs.  Mitchells,  Ashwokth,  Staxsfield  ic  Co.,  Ltd., 
23  and  24,  Old  Bailey,  London,  B.C.- 24-page  illustrated  catalogue 
concerning  "  Mascolite,"  a  material  for  reducing  and  correcting 
shocks  and  vibration  and  for  deadening  sound.  Mascolite  "  P  " 
(single  thickness),  is  a  special  mixture  of  fibres  which  is  used  for 
permanent-way  chair  pads,  and  is  used  by  tramway  companies  for 
lining  the  car  underframes,  A:c.  ;  "  B  U  "  (built  up)  is  of  the  same 
material  but  with  prepared  cork  between  each  layer,  and  it  is  used 
as  packing  for  permanent-way  chairs,  engine  foundations,  &c. ;  a 
third-class  is  the  "  I.R."  (with  rubber  insertions).  The  purposes  of 
the  material  in  connection  with  electrical  machinery  are  well  illus- 
trated, and  many  testimonials  are  given. 

Messrs.  Betters,  Ltd.,  63,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London. 
E.G. — Two  finely  prepared  catalogues  :  one  describes  and  gives  a 
specification  and  tests  of  the  firm's  patent  semi-Diesel  crude  oil 
engines,  with  a  table  of  sizes  and  prices  ;  the  other  deals  equally 
well  with  their  stationary  and  portable  oil  engines,  combined 
engines  and  pumps,  and  electric  lighting  plants.  Shipping  weights 
and  dimensions,  prices,  and  a  long  list  of  users,  are  given.  Both 
publications  are  beautifully  illustrated. 

Bankruptcy  Proceedinjfs. — Samuel  Bhookes  (trading 

as  Netherton  Tube  Fittings  Co.),  Chapel  Street,  Netherton,  and 
Star  Tube  Works,  PrimroFe  Hill,  Netherton.— Receiving  order  made 
February  19th  on  debtor's  petition.  First  meeting,  March  6th  ; 
puV)lic  examination,  March  18th  ;  both  at  Dudley. 

C.  O.  McMillan,  electrician  and  cycle  dealer,  15,  High  Street, 
Portmadoc— Trustee  (Mr.  L.  H.  Jones,  Chester)  released  November 
4th,  1912. 

Charles  Spencer  Northcote,  electrical  engineer,  67,  Stan- 
thorpe  Road,  Streatham,  London.     The  following  are  creditors  : — 

Benton,  C,  London                    . .  i'20O  Eaton,  T.,  Wimbledon  . .  JiW 

Boorne  &   HolUngsworth,  Ldn.      34  "Bankers"    (London   City  and 

Chalk  &  Cox,  London                         40           Midland  Bank),  London  . .  600 

"  Bankere "     (Capital     and  Osbnrn  &  Osborn,  London  . .  50 

Coanties),  London  . .  110  Robinson,  Peter,  London  . .  31 
Debenham  &  Btorr,  London      . .     64(i 

Clifton  Robinson,  Keith  House.  Porchester  Gate,  W. — Before 
Mr.  Registrar  Linklater,  on  Tuesday,  an  application  on  behalf  of 
bankrupt  for  the  variation  of  an  order  of  1911  suspending  his  dis- 
charge for  four  years,  was  heard.  It  appeared  that  debtor  had  been 
unable  to  obtain  an  appointment  since  he  applied  for  his  discharge, 
and  he  had  been  supported  by  his  mother.  Lady  Robinson.  The 
trustees  of  certain  family  funds  had  now  considered  the  position,  and 
had  decided  to  provide  £2,500forthecrfditorsif  theCourt  would  vary 
the  order  and  grant  the  discharge  straightaway.  This  would  enable 
an  additional  dividend  of  38.  6d.  in  the  £  to  be  paid  to  creditors.  A 
claim  by  the  father's  executors  for  £18,000  would  be  released.  It 
was  stated  that  creditors  for  £12,000  approved  of  the  application, 
though  two  small  creditors  thought  the  offer  should  be  increased  to 
7s.  6d.  The  Registrar  granted  the  application,  and  made  the 
order  of  discharge,  subject  to  judgment  of  £2.500. 

J.  W.  Lewsley,  electrician,  Nottingham. — First  meeting,  March 
6th  ;  public  examination,  March  14th  ;  both  at  Nottingham. 

Ebonite  Manufactures. — At  the  factory  of  the  New 

EccLES  Rubber  Works,  Ltd.,  at  Eccles,  a  new  shop,  with  special 
plant,  has  been  devoted  to  the  production  of  ebonite  pipes,  &c., 
required  for  the  conveyance  and  storage  of  acid  and  other  corro- 
sive liquids.  Lead  and  other  materials  previously  used  have  been 
largely  superseded,  as  ebonite  is  found  to  withstand  successfully 
the  action  of  even  the  strongest  acids,  and  pipes  made  of  this 
material  are  capable  of  standing  enormous  pressure.  We  are 
informed  that  in  a  test  for  a  required  strength  of  30  lb.  per  sq.  in., 
it  was  found  that  a  pressure  of  nearly  80  lb.  was  resisteri.  At  the 
works  mentioned,  pipes  of  all  sizes  are  turned  out,  the  more  usual 
being  from  2  in.  to  6  in.  bore.  Stop  cocks,  bib  cocks,  valves,  pumps, 
and  all  accessories  are  also  made  of  ebonite.  The  company 
iminufactnres  ebonite-covered  rollers  for  textile  purposes. 

Clyde  Tape. — We  have  received  from  Messrs.  W.  T. 
Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd.,  a  piece  of  cable 
insulated  with  vulcanised  bitumen,  on  which  a  joint  has  been  made 
and  insulated  with  "  Clyde  "  tape.  We  recently  drew  attention  to 
the  fact  that  this  tape,  when  warmed  with  a  blow  lamp  after  the 
joint  had  been   lapped  with  it,  became  one  with  the  insulation  on 


Vol.72.    No.  1.810,  FKnnDAnY2«,191.S.]     THK     ETiFjC'TRTCATj     ItEVlKW. 


841 


the  cable,  and  the  speoitnen  joint  before  us  fully  bearB  this  out,  for 
on  wlittin?  it  open  It  in  difficult  to  tell  whore  the  tape  ends,  and 
the  original  ooiitinif  of  bitumon  bpifinH.  Huoh  a  joint  Hhould  be 
found  jicrfeutly  waterproof  and  of  hi(;h  inHulation  ruHiHtniice. 

Trade    .innoiincciiientN.  —  Mh.    .Tuiin     Harhuovi,, 

late  ol  IMoBHiH.  J[.  Simon,  Ltd.,  of  ManchcHter,  hnH  taken  over  thf 
maniifremont  of  thn  London  office  of  the  R(ieH  Itdturbo  Manu- 
faoturiiik'  Co.,  Ltd.,  manufacturorH  of  rotary  pumpn  and  condenBerc. 
Tmo  Bitii'iMn  Cionikal  Ki.kctuk.'ai,  Co.  announce  that,  owinif 
to  increased  huBincHH,  they  arc  movint;  to  larger  prcmiHes,  and  from 
March  lut  their  new  addresH  will  be  6  and  8,  UoBcbery  Avenue,  E.C. 
(near  IIoll>orn  Town  Hall).  Telephone  number  :  "Holborn,  584K  " 
(two  lines)  ;  telepraphic  address  :  "  Briticent,  Holborn,  London.'' 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Arg;entiua. — It  is  expected  that  the  electric  light  station 
at  Merlo  (Buenos  Ayres),  will  be  completed  and  ready  for  service 
in  about  three  montlis'  time.  Public  lij?htinpr  will  consist  of  50  arc 
1  imps. 

It  is  reported  that  the  Cia.  Orlando  Americana,  which  has  the 
contract  for  the  public  liprhtinff  of  Campana,  intends  to  suspend  the 
service  as  the  Municipality  is  owingf  it  ^.-j.OOO,  and  it  sees  no 
prospect  in  getting  the  money.— i^<'!'(V(r  of  the  River  Plate. 

Atherton. — The  U.D.C.  has  adopted  the  recommenda- 
tions of  Mr.  Miller  for  improving;  the  system  of  electricity  supply 
in  the  district,  and  instructed  him  to  prepare  the  necessary  plans 
and  estimates  for  carrying;  out  the  scheme  and  report  further. 
Inquiries  are  to  be  made  for  a  suitable  site  for  the  proposed  new  sub- 
station. 

Australia. — The  Sydney  (N.S.W.)  City  Council  supply 
to  Merrickville,  recently  inaugurated,  will  include  shortly,  in  addi- 
tion to  street  and  private  lighting,  a  supply  of  about  3,000  h.p.  for 
power  purposes,  to  the  Sydney  Steel  Co.  and  others. 

With  reference  to  the  proposed  North  Sydney  Municipal  Council 
supply  from  a  private  concern,  efforts  are  being  made  to  induce 
the  Lord  Mayor  of  Sydney  to  use  his  influence  with  the  North 
Sydney  authorities  to  take  a  bulk  supply  on  new  terms  from  the 
Sydney  Council,  and  thus  maintain  the  municipal  service. 

Barnes  (Surrey). — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  supply 

current  to  the  hospital  on  a  flat  rate  of  2id.  per  KW.-hour,  or  3Jd. 
per  KW.-hour,  subject  to  the  usual  discounts,  for  2,000  KW. -hours 
during  the  winter  quarters,  and  750  KW. -hours  during  the  summer 
quarter?,  and  l^d.  per  kw. -hour  beyond. 

Bath. — The  Electric  Lighting  Committee  of  the  T.C.  has 
decided  to  apply  to  the  L  G.B.  for  an  additional  loan  of  £5,000  for 
mains  and  services  for  three  years. 

Bedford. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  proceed  with  the 
lighting  by  electricity  of  the  streets  in  the  Queen's  Park  district,  at 
a  cost  of  £1,151. 

Chester. — Mr.  S.  E.  Britton,  the  city  electrical  engineer, 
has  effected  a  much-needed  improvement  in  the  lighting  of 
Foregate  Street,  and  incidentally  conferred  a  boon  on  users  of  the 
thoroughfare.  The  old  system  of  lighting  was  by  arc  lamps  in 
series,  which  necessitated  a  number  of  standards  down  the  centre 
of  this  important  street.  These  poles  have  now  been  removed,  and 
the  lamps  are  suspended  on  the  "  Barrow  "  system,  while  the  over- 
head tramway  wires  are  supported  from  the  premises  or  from 
standards  erected  inconspicuously  near  to  the  buildings. 

Coloe. — A  firm  of  manufacturers  erecting  a  new  shed 
is  in  negotiation  with  the  local  Electricity  Committee  regarding  the 
driving  of  looms  by  electricity.  Provided  satisfactory  arrange- 
ments can  be  made,  a  trial  will  iDe  given  to  a  motor  on  each  loom. 
This  will  open  out  a  new  development  s'here  hitherto  this  kind  of 
loom-driving  has  been  unknown. 

Continental  Notes. — FR.iXCio. — Representatives  of  40 
communes  in  the  region  between  Ay  and  Epernay,  in  the  Marne 
Department,  have  formed  themselves  into  an  intercommunal  con- 
ference, with  a  view  to  the  installation  of  an  electric  light  and 
power  service.  A  committee,  consisting  of  nine  mayors,  has  been 
nominated  to  draft  the  plans  of  the  proposed  installation. — La 
J.iimicre   Elect ri/ji/e. 

Belgium. — La  Societe  de  TElectricite  de  TEsoaut  has  secured  a 
10  year.-,'  concession  for  the  supply  of  the  electrical  energy  required 
in  connection  with  the  new  docks  in  the  north  district  of  Antwerp. 

Darwen. — The  Mayor  started  the  new  steam  turbine  at 
the  electricity  works  on  February  19th.  The  turbine  has  been  in- 
stalled at  a  cost  of  nearly  £6,000.  The  Mayor  congratulated  the 
Electricity  Committee  upon  the  progress  of  the  electricity  depart- 
ment. At  present  there  were  half  a  dozen  industries  in  the  town 
relying  upon  electricity,  and  whereas  they  consumed  180,000  units 
a  few  years  ago,  they  now  consumed  one  million  units.  Councillor 
Thornley  said  there  was  a  small  loss  on  the  electricity  undertaking 
in  I'.Ul,  but  in  1912  the  working  showed  a  profit  of  more  than 
£400. 


Dover, — The  electrical  en(?ineer  ban  l)con  iii«tractcd  to 

report  upon  the  dcMirability  and  cont  of  providing  Kutomatic  tim« 

BwitchoH  for  the  public  incundcftcent  lamps. 

Ealinjr.— The  ciiuirmiin  of  the  B.f.'.  Electricity  Com 
mittee  hin  made  inqiiirioH  into  Ihu  propoiiftlii  of  tlic  Fixed  Pric*" 
LiKht  Co  ,  rehitivc  to  the  B.C.  i-ntiring  into  a  contrn't  with  it 
for  tlie  fitting,  wirini.;  anrl  lightintr  of  oiiib'.I  hoiin*-',  nTidi;r  Hu 
Bchonic,  now  in  force  at  Wimbledon  iind  other  pla'^n  in  or  near 
London  ;  and,  in  company  with  Alderman  Oreen  and  thi:  Jjoroogh 
electrical  engineer,  he  haH  yiHit«d  Wimbledon,  and  innpectcd  a 
number  of  the  houses  there  to  which  current  in  nupplicl  under  the 
company'H  scheme,  ISefore  coming  to  any  deeiHion  on  the 
subject,  tlie  Ivlectricity  Committee  hoH  requcHted  the  engineer  to 
procure  certain  additional  information  and  Hubmit  it  at  the  neit 
meeting. 

l^dinburKh. — The  Corpration  Electricity  f.'ommittee 
has  agreed  to  recommend  that  the  minimum  charge  for  light  should 
be  10s.  per  annum,  and  for  power  £1.  It  wbh  alno  agreed  that, 
should  the  minimum  in  either  cas*;  for  lighting  or  jxjwer  not  be 
used,  to  allow  of  a  combined  charge  of  :i0H.  per  annam  for  lighting 
and  power. 

Fint'hley. — Application  is  to  Ije  made  to  the  Local 
Government  Board  for  sanction  to  a  loan  of  £  1 5,000,  made  up  a» 
follows  .  —  Mains,  £7,500;  consumers'  connections,  £6,000;  and 
meters,  £1,500. 

Fleetwood. — The  chairman  of  the  Electricity  Com- 
mittee and  the  electrical  engineer  have  been  deputed  to  inspect 
plant  made  by  the  three  firms  which  have  tendered  for  machinery, 
boilers,  &c.,  required  in  connection  with  the  extensions  to  the 
electricity  works. 

Galashiels. — It  is  stated  the  majority  of  the  T.C.  favour 

the  idea  of  a  municipal  electricity  scheme.  A  suggested  site  for 
the  power  station  is  on  the  town's  property  at  the  refuse 
destructor,  and  a  siding  from  the  railway  could  be  conveniently 
laid.  The  probable  capital  cost  of  the  scheme  has  been  put  at 
£30,000.  The  power  is  wanted  chiefly  for  the  mills.  A  deputation 
from  the  T.C.  visited  Glasgow  to  consult  experts  and  obtain  infor- 
mation to  report  to  the  Council.  The  question  may  be  submitted 
to  the  decision  of  the  ratepayers  by  plebiscite- 
Ham. — The  Highways  Committee  of  the  District  Council 
reports  the  receipt  of  an  application  from  the  Twickenham  and 
Teddington  Electric  Supply  Co.,  asking  for  permission  to  place 
overhead  wires  across  Ham  Fields.  It  was  agreed  that  the  required 
consent  be  given  on  the  company  entering  into  an  agreement  to 
alter  the  position  of  the  overhead  lines,  or  place  them  underground 
if  and  when  required  by  the  Council. 

Harrogate. — The  T.C.  has  applied  to  the  L.G.B.  for  a 
loan  of  £6,250  for  the  provision  of  additional  plant  for  the 
electricity  works. 

The  Council  has  decided  to  loan,  free  of  charge,  to  consumers  for 
a  month  s  trial,  electric  irons  for  domestic  use. 

Hornsey. — At  the  February  meeting  of  the  B.C.,  it 
was  decided  to  invite  tenders  for  a  new  cooling  tower.  It  was 
reported  that  delay  in  erecting  the  barometric  condensing  installa- 
tion had  resulted  in  the  contracting  company  paying  £65  as 
liquidated  damages.  A  recommendation  that  application  should 
be  made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  the  borrowing  ot  a  further 
sum  of  £3,000  for  house  services  was  referred  back. 

The  North  Metropolitan  Electric  Power  Distribution  Co.  wrote 
referring  to  the  Bill  promoted  by  the  Tottenham  and  Edmonton 
Gas  Light  and  Coke  Co.,  Ltd..  and  suggesting  that  the  Council 
should  oppose  the  Bill,  and  that  evidence  from  representatives  of 
the  Council  might  be  forthcoming  in  the  first  instance  at  the 
ensuing  Board  of  Trade  inquiry,  in  favour  of  the  company  which 
was  applying  for  a  Wood  Green  electric  lighting  prov.  order.  It 
was  decided  not  to  adopt  the  suggestion.  A  petition  is  to  be 
presented  against  the  Bill  promoted  by  the  Metropolitan  Electric 
Tramways,  Ltd.,  authorising  them  to  provide  and  work  trolley 
vehicles  on  certain  routes  in  Wood  Green.  Tottenham,  and 
Walthamstow,  with  a  view  to  linking  up  districts  served  by 
existing  tiamways.  It  is  considered  that  local  authorities  should 
be  consulted  when  power  for  construction  is  sought. 

Hudderstield. — The  financial  statement  relating  to  the 
electricity  undertaking  for  the  year  ending  December  31st  last 
showed  that  the  income  had  been  £15,078,  compared  with  £39,592 
for  the  previous  year,  the  chief  items  being  single-phase  lighting, 
£2t,962  ;  single-phase  power.  £4,614  ;  and  three-phase  power, 
£11,123.  The  expenditure  amounted  to  £28,511,  against  £23,978 
for  1911,  leaving  a  surplus  balance  of  £16,566.  Interest  on  loana 
absorbed  £6.900,  redemption  of  debt  £5,352.  and  the  amount  repaid 
to  the  Public  Works  Loans  Board  was  £1,653.  The  sum  of  £600 
was  transferred  to  the  depreciation  and  contingencies  account, 
which  now  stands  at  i;o,M8,  and  the  balance  of  £2,000  was  carried 
forward. 

India, — The  Nagpur  Electric  Lighting  Co.  has  been 
started  to  provide  the  chief  city  of  the  Central  Provinces  with 
electric  light  and  power.  Work  has  already  been  commenced,  and 
it  is  expected  to  have  some  of  the  engines  and  dynamos  running 
by  next  hot  season.  An  arritngement  has  been  come  to  with  the 
local  Government,  whereby  a  minimum  load  is  guaranteed  ; 
current  is  required  for  U  miles  of  street  lighting,  private 
bungalows,  and  railways  and  lighting.  In  time  to  come,  the  local 
cotton  mills  might  be  induced  to  buy  power  in  bulk  from  the 
company.  The  machinery  is  to  be  provided  by  Messrs.  Crompton 
and  Co. — Indian  Te-rtile  Joiinial, 


342 


THE     ELECTRICAL     EEVIEW.    [Vol.72.    No.  1,840,  February  28,  1913. 


London. — Last  week  tbc  South  London  Electric  Supply 
Corporation,  Ltd.,  held  a  five  days  electric  heating-  and  cooking' 
exhibition  at  Raleig-h  Hall,  Brixton,  S.W.  A  representative  selec- 
tion of  apparatus  for  domestic  purposes  was  ahowo,  including 
breakfast  cookers,  toasters,  kettles,  Hat  irons,  radiators,  convectors, 
ke.,  many  of  which  bore  labels  stating  the  cost  of  running  per  hour. 
A  "  Belenns  ■  water  heater,  several  portable  vacuum  cleaners,  and 
choice  lighting  fittings  were  also  in  evidence.  The  jiiice  <!<• 
retittuiiiv  of  the  exhil>ition  was  the  "Eclipse"  cooker,  com- 
prising large  oven,  grill  and  two  foiling  rings.  This  apparatus 
wa«  most  ably  demonstrated  to  full  assemblies  twice  daily  by  Mr. 
Miller,  of  the  Electric  and  Ordnance  Accessories  Co.  Visitors  who 
wished  to  put  Mr.  Miller's  statements  to  a  practical  test  were 
enabled  to  do  so  in  the  electric  cafe,  which  adjoined  the  main  hall. 
We  note  that  the  South  London  Co.  has  now  introduced  the 
"assessment"  system:  the  fixed  charge  per  annum  is  li'J  per 
cent,  on  the  net  assessment,  payable  in  four  equal  quarterly 
payments,  and  id.  per  unit  is  charged  for  all  current  ccn- 
sonied.  Or  alternatively,  and  for  the  convenience  of  those 
consumers  preferring  to  be  charged  thtough  a  separate  meter 
for  current  used  for  heating  and  cooking  purposes,  the  follow- 
ing flat  rates  have  been  introduced  ■  for  apparatus  installed 
up  to  1  Kw.  capacity,  2d.  per  unit  ;  over  1  kw.  to  2'5  kw.,  IJd. 
per  unit  ;  over  2"5  kw.,  Id.  per  unit.  All  apparatus  is  sup- 
plied on  the  hire-purchase  system,  and  is  installed  by  the  Corpora- 
tion's own  contracting  department.  We  understand  that  up  to 
Friday  last,  the  ''  Sales  Department '  had  received  a  great  number 
of  inquiries  from  prospective  consumers,  and  it  is  expected  that 
good  business  will  result.  The  Corporation  has  our  best  wishes 
in  this  connection. 

Marylebone. — The  Electric  Supply  Committee  states  that  Mr. 
J.  F.  C.  Snell  has  now  presented  his  full  report  upon  the  question 
of  extensions  of  plant  necessary  to  enable  the  Council  to  meet  next 
winters  supply.  In  this  report  Mr.  Snell  urges  the  necessity  of  the 
plant  being  installed  at  once.  There  are,  he  continues,  five 
possible  methods  of  dealing  with  the  problem  : — (1)  Continuous- 
current  extension  on  similar  lines  to  the  existing  plant  ;  (2)  Three- 
phase  alternating-current  plant  at  the  power  station,  and  high- 
tension  transmission  cables  to  converters  (to  continuous  current) 
fixed  at  the  sub-stations  ;  (3)  Diesel  engine  generators  at  the  sub- 
stations ;  (4)  Battery  extensions  at  the  sub-stations ;  and  (5) 
bulk  supply,  i.e..  the  purchasing  of  curreiit  in  bulk  from  some  out- 
side source,  and  of  these  he  recommends  the  second.  With  regard 
to  the  converting  plant,  the  scheme  recommended  provides  that 
1,000-KW.  machines  should  be  used  and  standardised  ;  and  that 
four  such  machines  be  installed  at  present,  namely,  one  at  the 
station,  two  at  Manchester  Square  sub-station,  and  one  at 
Rathbone  Place  sub-station.  So  far  as  the  transmission 
system  is  concerned,  it  is  proposed  to  use  three  "15  sq.  in. 
three-core  e.h.t.  cables  from  the  station  to  Manchester  Square 
sub-station,  and  two  similar  cables  from  Manchester  Square 
to  Rathbone  Place  sub-station.  As  to  the  condensing  plant, 
British-made  condensers  are  recommended,  one  to  be  worked  in 
conjunction  with  the  canal  water  and  one  with  the  cooling  towers. 
The  present  equipment  of  boilers  is  ample  for  some  time  to  come, 
80  far  as  steam-raising  plant  is  concerned.  The  cost  of  this  scheme, 
based  upon  one  turbo- alternator  and  on  actual  tenders,  is  put  at 
£32,612.  The  losses  in  transmission  and  conversion  would  not 
exceed  10  per  cent.,  and  the  available  amount  for  distribution 
would  be  2,700  kw.  (normal)  and  H,375  kw.  (overload).  The 
annual  capital  charges  would  be  £3,195,  or  £ri7  per  kw.  (normal 
rating),  and  the  running  cost  per  unit  available  for  distribution, 
including  wages  for  extra  staff,  'IGSd.  With  the  addition  of  the 
second  alternator  the  capital  outlay  is  raised  to,  say,  £42,000,  to 
allow  for  contingencies,  the  corresponding  annual  capital  charges 
being  £4,195,  or  £r2D  per  kw.,  taking  the  maximum  output  of  one 
set  only,  and  counting  the  other  wholly  as  reserve.  Mr.  Snell  does 
not  advise  the  entire  change  of  system  of  generation  and  supply  to 
alternating  current  which  would  involve  considerable  alterations 
both  at  the  works  and  on  the  mains,  and  recommends  that  the 
present  plant  be  unaltered,  and  used  only  for  peak  load  purposes 
and  as  a  reserve  to  the  three-phase  plant  during  lighter 
loads.  After  considering  this  report  the  Committee  recom- 
mends the  adoption  of  the  scheme,  and  that  application  be 
made  to  the  L.C.C.  for  sanction  to  a  loan  of  £42,.'J00, 
and  that  contracts  be  entered  into  with  the  Oerlikon  Co.  for  the 
supply,  in  addition  to  the  turbo-alternators  authorised,  of  con- 
densing plant  to  be  manufactured  by  the  Worthington  Pump  Co., 
at  a  cost  of  £8,9G4,  making,  with  the  £8,600  already  authorised,  a 
total  of  £17,564  :  Messrs.  Ferranti,  Ltd.,  for  the  supply  of  switch- 
gear,  i.tc.,  at  a  cost  of  £2,384  ;  the  Oerlikon  Co.  for  the  supply  of 
condenser  motors  and  control  switchgear,  at  a  cost  of  £1,709  ; 
British  WestinghoUfB  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the 
supply  of  four  1,000-KW.  converters,  &c„  at  a  cost  of  £h,008. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Council  last  week  these  recommendations 
were  opposed  on  the  ground  that,  as  the  matter  had  only  been  in 
the  hands  of  the  Committee  about  24  hours,  there  was  not 
time  enough  for  the  matter  to  be  mastered.  Alderman  Deben- 
ham.  supporting  the  Committees  recommendations,  said  that 
it  was  very  necessary  to  have  the  new  plant,  as  the  business 
was  increasing  much  more  rapidly  than  was  supposed.  The 
saving  in  coal  alone  would  practically  pay  all  the  capital 
charges. 

Councillor  Maude  asked  for  more  information  about  the 
£42.500.  and  about  the  actual  liabilities  of  the  undertaking.  It 
was  over  two  millions  in  debt,  though  they  had  been  paying  off  for 
seven  years,  and  now  there  was  this  fresh  loan.  It  was  a  very 
serious  matter  for  Marylebone  to  consider.  Councillor  Warren  pro- 
tested against  the  Committee  going  to  Switzerland  for  plant. 
Councillor  Oarrould  said  it  >wai  impossible  to  give  the  order  to  a 


British  firm.  The  machinery  could  only  be  obtained  from  one 
particular  firm.  Councillor  O'Brien  thought  the  need  for  the  new 
plant  had  been  shown  very  clearly.  In  1907  they  only  sold  seven 
million  units,  but  last  year  they  sold  13  million,  and  in  1916  they 
would  be  selling  16  millions  or  more.  In  the  result  the  recom- 
mendations were  carried. 

Lkwisham. — At  a  meeting  of  the  B.  of  G.  on  Monday,  the  General 
Purposes  Committee  reported  it  had  considered  the  question  of 
lighting  the  workhouse  by  electricity,  and  recommended  the  board 
to  take  the  necessary  steps  for  the  installation  of  the  electric  light 
throughout  the  workhouse  and  offices.  The  board  has  already 
decided  to  install  the  electric  light  in  the  infirmary.  A  letter  was 
read  from  the  L.G.B.  stating  that  it  would  be  prepared  to  consider 
favourably  the  granting  of  a  loan  for  a  definite  scheme  for  the 
electric  lighting  of  the  infirmary  and  workhouse.  Letters  had 
also  been  received  from  the  South  Metropolitan  Gas  Co.  submitting 
a  scheme  for  providing  and  erecting  a  gas-driven  electricity  gene- 
rating plant,  and  instructions  were  given  for  application  to  be 
made  to  the  company  for  a  list  of  authorities,  ic,  where  such  a 
scheme  was  in  force.  The  board  decided  to  install  the  electric 
light  in  the  workhouse,  and  to  call  in  an  expert  for  advice. 

The  L.C.C.  on  February  20th,  1912,  appointed  a  special  com- 
mittee to  consider  and  report  on  the  whole  question  of  electricity 
supply  in  London  and  to  confer  with  Government  Departments  and 
local  authorities  and  companies  generating  or  supplying  electricity 
in  London. 

Sixteen  meetings  have  been  held  and  a  preliminary  survey  of  the 
question  has  been  made,  but  no  conclusions  have  yet  been  arrived 
at,  and  the  committee  makes  no  detailed  report  at  this  stage.  It  is 
suggested  that  a  committee  should  again  be  constituted  to  complete 
the  inquiry. 

St.  Pancras. — The  Electricity  Committee,  reports  with  refer- 
ence to  the  tender  of  the  Brush  Co.,  which  was  accepted  by  the 
Council  for  the  supply  of  a  5,000-k\v.  Ljungstrom  turbine,  that  the 
company  has  asked  that  the  penalty  of  £40  per  week,  for  any  delay 
that  may  occur  in  the  supply  of  the  turbine,  should  be  deleted, 
inasmuch  as  the  1,000-KW.  Ljungstrom  turbine,  which  in  the  mean- 
time is  to  be  supplied  on  loan,  may  be  retained  for  use  by  the 
Council  without  extra  charge  in  the  event  of  the  delivery  of  the 
5,000-KW.  machine  being  delayed.  It  has  been  decided  to  comply 
with  this  request.  Application  is  to  be  made  to  the  L.C.C.  for 
sanction  to  borrow  £15,000  in  connection  with  the  turbine  in 
question. 

SODTHWARK. — The  Electric  Light  Committee  of  the  B.C.  has  had 
under  consideration  a  report  from  the  electrical  engineer  embracing 
a  scheme  of  extension  in  connection  with  the  undertaking,  which  is 
required  to  be  carried  out  at  a  very  early  period.  Having  regard  to 
the  importance  of  the  subject,  and  the  expenditure  involved,  it  has 
beendecided  to  engage  expert  advice  at  a  cost  not  exceeding  150 
guineas. 

The  North  Metropolitan  Electrical  Power  Co.,  at  its  Winchmore 
Hill  sub-station  on  Wednesday,  last  week,  held  a  very  instructive 
gathering  to  fittingly  inaugurate  the  new  system  of  electric  light- 
ing in  Green  Lanes,  Southgate.  Many  Councillors  and  officials 
from  neighbouring  authorities  were  present,  the  idea  being  to 
exhibit  what  could  be  done.  Mr.  Devonshire,  the  managing  director 
of  the  company,  presided  in  an  informal  sort  of  way,  and  referred 
to  the  high  ideals  which  the  electrical  experts  had  set  before  them- 
selves. Mr.  Ruthven  Murray,  the  company's  engineer,  gave  a  short 
address  upon  the  scheme,  the  technical  details  of  which  aroused  much 
interest.  After  votes  of  thanks  had  been  passed,  the  party  boarded 
a  special  tramcar  and  were  taken  for  several  miles  along  the  main 
road  to  see  the  new  lighting,  which  is  on  the  "  Barrow  "  system. 

Lon<fllboroagl]. — At  a  meeting  of  tbe  T.C.  in  committee 
on  Monday  last  week,  a  report  was  presented  from  the  Gas  and 
Electricity  Committee,  in  which  it  was  stated  that  owing  to  the 
embarrassing  position  arising  from  the  many  changes  made  from 
time  to  time  by  the  Brush  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  and  the 
delays  in  negotiations  for  giving  it  a  bulk  supply  of  electricity, 
the  Committee  felt  bound  to  report  that  several  questions  of  vital 
importance  still  remained  unsettled,  one  being  as  to  the  time 
required  by  the  company  for  the  delivery  of  tbe  plant  to  be  sup 
plied  by  it.  The  company  now  intimated  that  it  declined  to  be 
bound  to  give  delivery  in  less  than  nine  months,  which  the  Com- 
mittee regarded  as  a  prohibitive  period,  having  regard  to  the  general 
demand  on  the  undertaking  for  next  winter.  The  Committee,  there- 
fore, recommended  that  the  negotiations  with  the  company  be 
postponed  for  the  present,  and  that  the  Corporation  proceed  without 
delay  to  make  extensions  of  the  plant,  to  be  available  for  the 
ordinary  supply  next  winter.  The  approximate  cost  was  estimated 
at  £10.000.     The  report  was  adopted. 

PendlebUT}'. — Messrs.  Andrew  Knowles  &  Sons.,  Ltd., 
are  about  to  introduce  electric  power  for  haulage  purposes  in  the 
Pendlebury  and  Clifton  Hall  mines.  The  announcement  was  made 
at  the  shareholders'  meeting  last  week.  Current  will  be  delivered 
from  the  Lancashire  Power  Co.'s  mains  to  a  fub-station,  where  it 
will  be  reduced  to  a  suitably  low  voltage.  The  electric  haulages 
will  supersede  the  compressed  air  engines  which  have  hitherto 
been  used  for  haulage  purposes.  The  installation  will  probably  be 
commenced  about  Easter. 

Ptterboroush. —  In  the  cx)iirse  of  a  report  to  the  Council, 
presented  on  Tuesday,  the  electrical  engineer,  Mr.  J.  C.  Gill,  drew 
attention  to  the  probably  overloaded  condition  of  the  station  plant 
next  winter,  and  urged  the  necessity  of  purchasing  additional  plant. 
He  proposes  that  two  extra  boilers  (£1.230)  and  a  fiOO-KW.  turbo- 
generator (£3,400)  should  be  installed.  The  Electric  Lighting 
Committee  has  approved  the  engineer's  report,  and  recommends  the 
borrowing  of  £7,000  for  carrying  out  the  scheme,  which  would 
complete  the  ec)uipment  of  the  existing  station. 


Vol.72.   No.  1,840,  FKnunAUY2«,  i9i:i.]  THE    ELECTRICAL    IlEVIEW. 


848 


Plynionth. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  approved 
of  a   resolution  that   the   Embankment  Road   should    be    lit   by 

'•lootricity. 

Kawtenstal]. — The  hor(m<<li  electrical  eiif^inecr  Rnrl  tlic 
boroiif^h  surveyor  have  been  r((iucnted  to  consider  and  report  upon 
the  propoHed  lit^htini;  by  electricity  of  the  work  nun  h  dwelling'* 
to  be  erected  on  Carr  Karm  fHlate. 

St.  Wary  Cray  (Kent).— .\  hrga  new  power  hoimn  is 
boinjf  erected  at  Ht.  Mory  Cray  Paper  Mill,  by  MesBrs.  Joyneon  and 
Son. 

Siberia, — Accordinj,'  to  the  /loan/  of  Ti'iilv  JouhkiI, 
a  complete  project  for  equipping  the  port  of  Vladivostok  with 
cranes,  elevators,  repair  shops,  refrigerating  and  electrical  plant  has 
been  drawn  up,  and  some  £15,000  has  been  allotted  for  the  building 
of  an  electric  power  station. 

Silsden. — The  application  of  the  Airdale  Shed  ('o.  for 
permission  to  lay  an  electric  cable  to  serve  the  proposed  new 
shed  ha''  been  withdrawn. 

Skipton. — To  celebrate  the  completion  of  a  rearrange- 
ment of  premises  and  installation  of  electrical  driving  and  lighting, 
the  directors  of  Messrs.  John  Dewhirst  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  dyers  and 
spinners,  of  Skipton,  have  invited  the  whole  of  their  employ^-s, 
nnmbering  about  a  !,000,  to  a  series  of  entertainments  and  socials 
on  March  7th.  The  work  of  addition  and  reconstruction  has 
occupied  about  four  years.  The  whole  of  the  machinery  is  driven 
by  a  newly-installed  Westinghouse  1,2.50-kw.  turbineand  generator. 
The  40  motors  in  the  works  are  of  British  Thomson-Houston 
make. 

Southport. — The  General  Purposes  Committee  of  the 
T.C.  on  February  24th  passed  a  recommendation  to  the  Council  that 
the  management  of  the  tramways  and  the  electricity  undertakings 
should  be  separated,  and  not  a  joint  affair  as  at  present. 

Swana^e. — The  Dorset  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  which 
has  been  promoted  by  Dr.  Purves,  of  Exeter,  in  order  to  provide  an 
electricity  supply  for  the  town,  has  approached  the  U.D.C.  on  the 
question  of  public  lighting.  The  company  offers  to  light  60-C.r. 
lamps  until  11  p.m.  at  a  charge  of  £2  10s.  6d.  per  annum,  100-c.P. 
lamps  at  £2  17s.  6d.,  200-C.P.  lamps  at  £4  10s.,  with  a  minimum 
yearly  payment  of  £1.50. 

SwintOD. — The  L.G.B.  has  given  sanction  to  the  Swinton 
and  Pendlebnry  District  Council  for  the  borrowing  of  £600  for 
laying  cables  for  the  supply  of  electricity  to  Bread  Oak  Park. 

WalkdeD, — A  number  of  looms  which  have  been  put 
down  in  the  Boatshed  Mill,  Walkdcn,  by  Messrs.  E.  Lane  &  Sons,  of 
the  Hope  Mills,  are  to  be  electrically  driven. 

Wednesbury. — The  profits  of  the  Corporation's  elec- 
tricity undertaking  amounted  last  year  to  only  £23.  In  conse- 
quence of  this,  it  is  stated  that  the  charges  to  consumers  are  to  be 
raised,  and  that  an  increase  of  15  per  cent,  may  be  anticipated. 

West  Ilam. — The  electrical  engineer  suggests  that, 
owing  to  the  continued  increase  in  connection  with  the  supply  of 
current,  arrangements  be  made  with  Messrs.  Babcock  .fc  Wilcox  to 
extend  their  present  contract  for  two  boilers  to  three.  The  amonnt 
which  it  will  be  necessary  for  the  Council  to  raise  for  this 
purpose  is  £7.363,  of  which  £4,785  represents  the  amount  of  the 
quotation  for  boiler  and  accessories  to  complete  the  pair 
already  in  hand.  The  electrical  engineer's  suggestions  have  been 
agreed  to. 

Willesden. — In  connection  with  the  Council's  decision 
to  erect  a  sub-station  in  Barret's  Green  Road,  application  is  to  be 
made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow  £3,318,  of  which  amount 
£2,545  will  go  towards  the  cost  of  the  new  plant  required. 

Worsley, — The  Lancashire  Power  Co.  will  shortly  open 
a  new  sub-station  at  the  Crescent,  Worsley,  established  in  connec- 
tion with  a  big  lighting  scheme  for  Worsley  district. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Canada.  — A  company  has  just  been  formed  at  Walker- 
ville,  Ont ,  under  the  name  of  the  Tate  Electric  Co.,  to  establish 
works  for  the  construction  of  electric  motor-cars  for  the  Canadian 
market. 

Continental  Notes.— Switzerland. — The  Commission 
d'Etudes  charged  by  the  Federal  Railway  Administration  to  study 
the  electrification  of  the  St.  Gothard  Railway,  has  submitted  its 
last  report.  It  advises  the  adoption  of  single-phase  traction  at 
15  periods  and  15,000  volts.  To  obtain  the  power  required,  it  is 
proposed  to  construct  a  station  on  Lake  Ritom  in  the  south  and 
stations  at  Goschenen  and  Amsteg  in  the  north,  which  will  furnish 
an  aggregate  of  96,000  h.p.  The  installations  to  be  carried  out 
include  works  for  the  production  and  distribution  of  energy 
(29,000,000  fr.)  ;  supply  and  distribution  mains  (9,770,000  fr.)  ; 
rolling  stock,  depots  and  repair  shops  (21,900,000  fr.)  ;  conversion 
of  power-stations  (3,500,000  fr.).  The  Commission  has  again 
considered   what   power  will   be   necessary   to  supply   the  whole 


of  th«  SwiM  railwayn,  on  the  anaumption  of  doable  tba  traffic 
of  the  year  1904.  The  (ivu  Federal  networkH  and  the  private  line* 
will  need  yearly  from  1,000  to  1.300  million  li.l-.hourii  at  the 
turbines.  The  giinerating  ntationii  iihould,  thercforp,  Ix)  built  for  a 
total  output  of  .".00,000  II.  I-.  According  to  exp«'rt  calculationi'  there 
exist  a  dozen  fallH  still  uiiapjiropriated  or  rencrvwl  for  the  ui-c  of 
the  Federal  railways,  which,  in  combination,  could  hujiply  1,»<|"' 
million  ii.i-. -hours  per  year  at  the  turbinca  ;  thfi  generating  Htationx 
might  therefore  be  built  for  a  maximum  c8t>acity  of  62.'., 000  hi-. 

FliANr.i:.  The  Conscil  (',>'n(ra.\  haH  votc<l  a  Bum  of  30,0<^)0,W)0  fr. 
for  the  construction  of  the  third  network  of  local  railways  in  the 
Departcment  of  the  Pah-de-Calais,  of  an  aggregate  extent  of 
61 1  km  ,  divided  into  four  groups,  two  of  electric  linen  and  two  of 
steam,     /.a  l.um'uir  ElfHrit/nf. 

Ui's.siA.-  The  ''Telephon"  Co.,  of  Moncow.  had  secured  a  con- 
cession for  a  proposed  electric  railway  between  Vaulograd  and 
Bachmut 

lTALY.--The  plans  for  an  electric  railway  between  Aosto  and 
Prc-St.  Didier  having  been  approved  by  the  local  aothorities 
concerned,  application  for  a  concesiiion  to  the  Consiglio  Soperiore 
dei  Lavori  Pubblici  is  being  made.  The  lins  will  prove  a  benefit  to 
the  forestry  industry,  and  supply  transport  facilities  to  the  wjllierien 
of  Cogne  and  LaThuile. —  (linnittle  tlel  Larun  Puhhlici. 

Gkumanv. — A  concepsion  has  been  granted  in  respeck  of  a 
projected  light  electric  railway  between  Niederureel  and  Konig- 
stein,  near  Frankfort-am-Main. 

East  Ham. — The  electrical  engineer  and  manager  has 
been  instructed  to  report  upon  the  question  of  duplicating  the 
tramway  track  in  High  Street  North. 

Edinbargh. — A  report  by  the  burgh  engineer  on  the 
subject  of  the  double-decked  tramway  cars  in  the  city,  and  suggest- 
ing that  a  request  might  be  made  to  the  tramway  company  to 
increase  the  number,  was  before  a  meeting  of  the  Tramway  Com- 
mittee, and  it  was  agreed  to  communicate  with  the  company. 

Hong-Kong^, — Recently  the  Chinese  community  have 
systematically  boycotted  the  tramways,  the  reason  given  being  the 
decision  of  the  company  to  accept  only  Hong-Kong  money.  As  it 
was  found  that  the  real  reason  was  a  political  one,  the  Government 
passed  a  special  Ordinance  imposing  penalties  for  improper  inter- 
ference with  business.  It  is  stated  that  these  measures  have  already 
had  a  salutary  effect  on  the  Chinese  community. 

Huddersfield. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  decided 
to  double  the  tramway  from  Salendine  Xook  to  Mount. 

Leeds. — It  is  anticipated  that  the  extension  of  the  Cor- 
poration tramways  from  West  Park  to  Lawnswood  will  be  conv 
pleted  within  a  few  weeks.  The  track  has  been  laid  over  the 
greater  part  of  the  route,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  extension 
will  be  ready  for  opening  by  Easter. 

The  tramways  authorities  have  decided  to  try,  as  an  experiment, 
the  system  of  fare  collecting  on  the  platforms  of  the  cars.  For  a 
long  time  this  system  has  been  actually  in  practice  in  an  irregular 
manner,  the  observance  of  the  rule  against  it  having  been  very 
much  relaxed. 

London. — The  L.C.C,  tramways  department  has  decided 
to  enlarge  the  capacity  of  the  Camber  well.  New  Cross,  Stock  well, 
Tooting,  Camden  Town  and  Clapham  sub- stations,  by  substituting 
three  large  rotary  converters  for  six  small  motor-generators  at  pre- 
sent in  use  at  the  Shoreditch  sub-station,  and  transferring  the 
small  machines  to  the  other  stations.  The  cost  of  the  converters, 
transformers,  switches,  crane,  v*cc.,  is  estimated  at  £14,000,  and  the 
work  of  transferring  the  plant,  kc,  at  £4,000. 

The  Council  has  introduced  an  innovation  in  the  form  of 
numbered  cars  for  denoting  the  different  services  ;  the  system  has 
been  divided  into  nearly  90  .services. 

As  a  result  of  the  strong  protests,  the  scheme  for  a  tramway 
subway  along  the  east  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  has  been  withdrawn, 
necessitating  the  abandonment  of  the  proposed  tramway  across  the 
suggested  new  St.  Paul's  Bridge. 

With  reference  to  the  L.C.C.  (Tramways,  Trolley-Vehicles  and 
Improvements)  Bill,  the  Kensington.  Hammersmith  and  Westminster 
Councils  have  decided  to  call  the  attention  of  their  Parliamentary 
representatives  to  the  matter,  and  ask  them  to  resist  any  proposal 
for  the  equipment  of  any  overhead  system  of  traction  which  dis- 
penses with  the  necessity  of  the  County  Council  first  obtaining  the 
approval  and  consent  of  the  local  highway  authority  concerned. 
Southwark,  Wandsworth,  Hammersmith  and  Kensington  Councils 
have  decided  to  express  their  objection,  in  a  similar  manner,  against 
the  Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways  (Railless  Traction)  BUI, 
Clause  16  of  which  apparently  authorises  the  Board  of  Trade  to 
grant  provisional  orders  to  the  company  to  run  railless  cars  on 
any  routes  which  it  thinks  convenient,  a  power  which  might  l)€ 
exercised  over  the  head  of  any  local  authority,  if,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  Board,  such  consent  was  unreasonably  withheld 

Speaking  at  the  meeting  of  the  North  London  Railway  Co.,  Lord 
Rathmore  said  that  the  passenger  traffic  receipts  were  the  worst 
they  had  ever  experienced  and  were  the  result  of  the  competition 
of  the  tube  railways  and  motor-'buses,  a  competition  which  seemed 
to  grow  stronger  and  more  destructive  every  day.  He  was  afraid 
that  they  must  make  up  their  minds  that  they  would  not  have  any 
effective  means  of  fighting  that  competition  until  their  line  had 
been  electrified,  in  conjunction  with  the  London  and  North - 
Western  Railway  to  Watford.  He  thought  they  might  reasonably 
hope  that  when  that  had  been  done  they  would  receive  constantly 
increasing  receipts  from  passenger  traffic  coming  over  their  line. 
and  especially  from  the  waiesden  and  Watford  districts. 


344 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.72.  no.  i,84o,  fkbrdabt  28, 1913. 


Mexl»9rou|fIi.— The  U.D.C.  has  petitioned  against  the 
preamble  of  the  Mexboroiifrh  and  Swinton  Tramways  (Railless 
Traction)  Bill.  The  petition  calls  attention  to  the  statutory  limi- 
tations of  the  company  concerned  in  the  scheme,  with  respect  to 
capital  powers,  and  the  Council  maintains  that  it  is  better  able  to 
carry  out  such  a  scheme  if  it  is  necessary,  havinp  already  an  up-to- 
date  electrical  station.  Arc,  and  beinp  at  present  supplying  current 
for  liphtinp  purposes  at  3H.  per  unit,  which  is  cheaper  than  in  any 
other  place  in  Yorkshire. 

Midland  Railway  Eleftritication. — At  this  com- 
pany's half-yearly  meeting:,  the  chairman,  referring  to  the  question 
of  electric  traction,  said  the  company  would  have  to  go  to  Parlia- 
ment next  year  for  powers  to  electrify  the  Tilbury  line. 

Newcastle-on-Tyiie.— At  a  meeting  of  the  Traiinvays 
Committee,  on  February  I'lst,  a  deputation  was  received  from  the 
Gosforth  U.D.C  .  urging  that  no  extra  fares  should  bs  charged  for 
running  cars  to  Gosforth  and  Gosforth  Park,  while  the  race  meet- 
ings were  being  held  and  on  other  special  occasions.  Counsels 
opinion  had  been  taken,  and  it  was  said  that  the  Committee  had  no 
power  to  increase  the  fares.  The  Committee  decided  to  call  a 
special  meeting  of  the  members  in  a  fortnight's  time  to  consider 
the  matter.  The  ordinary  fare  to  Gosforth  is  2d.,  and  to  Gosforth 
Park  -W.,  but  on  the  occasions  to  which  attention  is  drawn,  special 
cars  are  put  on  with  an  upstanding  charge,  usually  of  Is.  The 
contention  of  the  Committee  is  that  the  Corporation  would  lose 
money  if  the  fares  were  not  increased  on  the  occasions  referred  to. 
Extra  cars,  they  claim,  had  to  be  brought  into  requisition,  and 
the  Tyneside  Tramways  and  Tramroada  Co.  had  to  have  a  share  of 
any  balance  left  after  paying  expenses. 

l*l.nilOUtli. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  instructed 
the  town  clerk  to  interview  the  representatives  of  the  Plymouth, 
Stonehouse  and  Devonport  Tramways  Co.  with  respect  to  its  request 
for  the  reoonstructinn  of  the  track  in  Tnion  Street.  It  has  also 
been  resolved  that  booka  of  12  tickets  of  face  value  be  issued  on  the 
tramways. 

Soutiiport. — On  Saturday  a  poll  of  ratepayers  was  taken 
as  to  whether  the  Corporation  should  run  cars  on  Sundays,  and  the 
result  was: -For,  1,7G,S  :  against,  2,242;  majority  against,  479. 
This  is  the  second  plebiscite  on  the  matter,  the  previous  one  in  1903 
resulting  as  follows  :  For,  1,843  ;  against,  3,639  ;  majority  against, 
1,805.  For  some  time  there  has  been  a  loss  on  the  running  of  the 
Corporation  cars,  and  some  of  this  is  ascribed  to  the  absence  of  a 
Sabbath  eers-ice.  Strong  opposition  to  Sunday  running  was  offered 
by  the  local  Free  Church  Council  and  other  religious  bodies. 

Stirling. — Another  step  forward  has  been  taken  in  the 
movement  to  provide  the  town  with  an  up-to-date  system  of  elec- 
tric tramways.  For  some  time  past,  the  T  C.  has  had  the  matter  in 
hand,  and  the  town  clerk  has  been  instructed  to  write  to  Mr.  George 
Balfour,  London,  informing  him  that  the  Council  is  anxious  to 
secure  an  electric  tramway  system,  and  inviting  him  to  look  into 
the  matter  with  the  view  of  such  a  tramway  being  undertaken  by 
the  parties  whom  he  represents.  It  has  also  been  agreed  to  make 
inquiries  as  to  the  railless  system  of  traction,  and  with  this  in 
view  the  town  clerk  and  burgh  surveyor  are  to  ascertain  the 
experijuce  of  the  towns  where  the  system  is  in  operation. 

Tipton. — A  letter  has  been  received  from  the  Birmingham 
and  Midland  Tramway  Joint  Committee  intimating  that  it  was 
of  opinion  that  there  would  not  be  sufficient  traffic  between  Great 
Bridge  and  Ocker  Hill  to  justify  the  heavy  expenditure  of  laying  a 
tramway  along  this  route,  but  if  the  Council  had  reason  to  believe 
otherwise,  and  would  obtain  the  powers  and  build  the  tramway,  the 
company  would  be  prepared  to  provide  the  necessary  rolling  stock, 
and  run  a  service  of  cars  on  terras  to  be  agreed.  The  matter  has 
been  referred  to  the  Tramways  Committee  for  consideration. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Imperial  Wireless  System.— The  Postmaster-General 

has  informed  the  Marconi  Co.  that  he  does  not  share  the  company's 
view  that  it  is  entitled  to  retire  from  the  contract  for  the  Imperial 
wireless  chain,  and  will  hold  himself  free  to  enforce  all  his  rights 
against  the  company. 

A  report  of  the  Select  Committee  to  the  House  of  Commons  was 
published  on  Tuesday,  embodying  resolutions  which  the  Committee 
agreed  to  report  to  the  House.  The  resolutions  are  to  the  effect 
that  the  Committee  proposes  to  retain  the  conduct  of  the  inquiry 
entirely  in  its  own  hands,  but  asks  leave  to  hear  counsel  when 
necessary  ;  and  that  the  Committee  invites  any  person  in  possession 
of  evidence  bearing  upon  the  negotiation  and  completion  of  the 
agreement  to  commnnicate  with  the  clerk. 

Liverpool. — The  ^Jersey  Docks  and  Harbour  Board  has 
adopted  a  recommendation  of  the  Marine  Committee  that  the  Board 
should  enter  into  an  arrangement  with  the  B.  of  T.  and  the  Post 
Office  for  the  establishment  of  several  wireless  stations,  on  light- 
ships and  at  the  dock  office,  for  the  benefit  of  navigation  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Mersey. 


Lonp:-Distance    Telephony.  —  The    trans-Continental 

telephone  circuit  between  Xew  York  and  San  Francisco,  to  be  built 
by  the  American  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Co.,  will  be  equipped 
throughout  with  Pupin  coUs,  two  coils  per  8  miles.  The  copper 
wire  will  weigh  940  lb.  ppr  mile  of  route,  and  as  the  distance  is 
.3,500  miles,  the  total  weight  will  be  3,200,000  lb  There  is  a  differ- 
ence of  three  hours  in  time  between  Xew  York  and  San  Francisco, 
so  that  the  business  day  will  be  limited  to  aboat  five  hours. —  Ti-lf- 
!/raj>li  and  Telephone  Aye. 

Ne'W  Zealand. — The  (Jovernment  will  shortly  put  into 
operation  in  New  Zealand  regulations  making  it  compulsory  for 
pasi»enger  ships  to  carry  wireless  apparatn.s. 

The  Government  has  decided  to  adopt  the  full  automatic  tele- 
phone system  for  centres  requiring  new  equipment,  and  has  been 
calling  for  tenders  for  full  equipments  for  Auckland,  Wellington, 
Hamilton,  Masterton,  Blenheim  and  Oamaru.  The  original  inten- 
tion was  that  switchboaiis  carrying  10,000  lines  each  shoul  1  be 
installed  in  each  of  the  four  cities,  and  smaller  systems  in  the  pro- 
vincial towns.  Ultimately  the  Auckland  and  Wellington  exchanges 
will  be  enlarged  to  a  capacity  of  15,000  lines.  It  is  estimated  that 
the  new  system  will  be  completely  installed  in  the  two  largest 
cities  by  the  end  of  1913  Meanwhile  the  pressure  on  the  existing 
manual  systems  in  Auckland  and  Wellington  is  to  be  relieved  by 
the  installation  of  smill  switchboards  carrying  400  or  500  lines, 
which  will  be  adapted  for  use  with  the  present  switchboards. — 
Au.itral'uin  Mhihitj  Standnrd. 

Suffragist  Oatrages. — On  Saturday  morning  a  large 
number  of  telegraph  wires  in  Chester  Moor  Dene,  a  mile  south  of 
Chester-le-Street,  near  Newcastle,  were  cut,  and  during  the  week- 
end the  wires  in  four  public  telephone  boxes  in  Birmingham  were 
cu*'.  and  the  instruments  rendered  useless.  Similar  outrages  are 
reported  from  Belfast. 

Trans-.itlantic    Communication. — Tests  made  with 

a  temporary  antenna  400  ft.  high,  at  the  new  Telefunken  tower 
at  Nauen,  in  Germany,  on  January  Hth,  showed  that  there  was  no 
difficulty  in  communicating  with  the  station  at  Sayville,  U.S.A., 
and  messages  transmitted  from  the  latter  station  with  45  h.p. 
were  clearly  received  at  Nauen. 

Mr.  H.  Bredow,  managing  direetsr  of  the  Telefunken  Co.,  is  in 
New  York  with  a  view  to  establishing  a  wireless  service  between 
Europe  and  the  U.S.A  — Telegraph  and  Telephone  Age. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Aberdare. — ]\Iarch  3rd.  Service  materials,  for  the  X'.D.C. 
electricity  department.    See  "Official  Notices"  February  Hth. 

Aberanian, — March  lOth.  Electrical  goods,  for  the 
directors  of  the  Powell  DufFryn  Steam  Coal  Co.,  Ltd.  Stores 
Manager,  Aberaman,  near  Aberdare. 

Argentina. — April  15th.  Tenders  will  be  received  at  the 
Direcci6n  General  de  Minas,  Geologii  e  Hidrologia,  Buenos  Ayres,  for 
the  supply  of  motors,  cables,  dynamos  and  kindred  material  required 
for  the  generation  of  motive  power. — Board  of  Trade  Journal. 

April  15th. — The  Ministry  of  Agriculture  of  the  Argentine 
Republic  in  Buenos  Ayres  is  inviting  tenders  for  plant,  including 
three-phase  alternators  and  motors,  switchboard,  mains,  etc.,  for  a 
new  electricity  generating  station. 

Australia. — April  14th.  H.M.  Trade  Commissioner  for 
Australia  reports  that  tenders  are  invited  for  plant  required  to 
generate  three-phase  current  for  the  high-power  radio-telegraph 
station  at  Darwin,  Northern  Territory,  and  for  lighting  and  power 
purposes  in  the  neighbourhood  : — Four  Diesel  oil  engines,  two  to 
drive  a  500  KW.  alternator  each,  and  two  to  drive  a  250-KW. 
alternator  each ;  an  air-compressor  set  ;  an  overhead  travelling 
crane  of  20  tons  capacity  ;  four  alternators  and  exciters,  two  of 
500  KW.  capacity  and  two  of  250  kw.  capacity  ;  and  a  switchboard. 
The  earliest  date  of  delivery  must  be  stated.  Tenders  to  the 
Secretary,  Postmaster  General's  Department,  Melbourne.  Deposit 
5  per  cent,  on  the  first  £1,000,  and  2i  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
above  that  sum.  Specifi  nation  and  form  of  tender  obtainable  from 
the  Australian  High  Commissioner  in  London,  72,  Victoria  Street, 
S.W.,  where  also  preliminary  deposits  may  be  paid.  Specification 
and  form  of  tender  may  be  seen  at  the  Commercial  Intelligence 
Branch  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  73,  Basinghall  Street,  London,  E.G.— 
Hoard  of  Trade  Journal.  The  matter  is  referred  to  in  our  "  Official 
Notices"  today. 

Ayr. — The  Town  Council  invites  tenders  for  advertising 
on  the  tramcars  for  five  years.     Mr.  P.  A.  Thomson,  Town  Clerk. 

Barrow-in-Furness. — March  3rd.  Electrical  stores  for 
a  year,  for  the  T.C.     Borough  Electrical  Engineer. 

Bed  was. — March  5th.  Electrical  goods  for  a  year,  for 
the  Bed  was  Navigation  Colliery  Co.,  Ltd.  (Form  4).    The  Secretary. 


Vol.72.   No.  1,840,  fei.uuauy2m,i<ji:i.]    THE    ELKCTRICAL    KK.VIKW. 


846 


Kelt'ast. — Miuch  12Lli.  The  Huiboiir  ('(iimniHsumciHuro 
iuvitintr  tenderH  for  four  fi-ton  electric  jrivntry  orniieB  for  the  t^ueen'a 
Quay  and  Abcrcorn  Basin  i.Miuy.  Spooiflcatioim,  kc,  from  the  Har- 
bour cnpineiT,  Mr.  \V.  Redforn  Kelly,  IJelfivHt. 

Iliriiiiliitliiliii, — March  1st.  HIccLrical  stoios  for  u  year, 
for  the  Iliniiitit;liani,  'Pume  and  Rea  DiHtrict  Drainatre  Board.  Mr. 
John  1).  WatHon,  ouKineer,  Tyburn. 

Bosnia. —  I^ivnoi. — March  2()th.  'renders  are  rei|uire(l 
for  the  ereotion  of  a  power  station  and  public  and  private  electric 
li^'ht  installation",  according  to  a  H])o(!ial  protrraiumo.  Particulars 
of  thg  Municii)al  Adininistni'.ion,  Livnoi,  Bosnia. 

Briiij/^end. — March  ^Ist.  One  100-k.v.a. steam  alternator 
and  accessories,  for  the  U.D.C.     See  "Official  Notioes"  to-day. 

BriichtOll. — March  loth.  Storajje  battery  (800  anip.- 
hours)  for  the  T.C.    See  "Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Colchester. —  March  lOth.  Sundry  stores  for  the  Cor- 
poration Electricity  Department.  Mr.  W.  Frisby,  electrical  engin- 
eer, Osborne  Street. 

Croydon. — March  3  let.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the  Cor- 
poration Electricity  Department.    See  "Official  Notices"  Feb.  2l8t. 

Dundee, — March  7th.  Two  water-tube  boilers,  me- 
chanical stokers,  economiser,  sfeel  bunkers  and  coal-handling 
plant,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  department.  See  ''  Official 
Notices"  February  2l8t. 

Eastbourne. — March  loth.  Combined  coal  ele\ator  and 
conveyor  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

Edinbnrgh. — The  Corporation  invites  tenders  for  arc 
lamp  globes,  cast-iron  pavement  boxes,  underground  conduits  for 
electricity  cables.     Mr.  F.  A.  Newington,  engineer. 

Ejrypt. — July  1st.  Egyptian  Government  Public  Works 
Ministry.  Machinery  and  pumping  plant  for  Baltim  pumping 
station,  including  15  Diesel  or  12  steam  engine  plants  and  electric 
lighting  and  power  plant,  workshop  equipment,  cranes  and  weigh- 
bridge, boiler  plant,  fuel  eoonomisers,  steel  chimneys,  coal  and  ash 
handling  apparatus.  Particulars  (£1  per  copy)  at  Office  of  Public 
Works  Ministry,  Cairo,  or  of  Sir  A.  Webb,  Queen  Anne's  Chambers, 
Westminster. 

Eril  li. — March  Gth.  Electrical  work  for  three  years,  under 
U.D.C.  assisted  wiring  scheme.    See  "Official  Notices"  Feb.  21st. 

France. — Paris. — March  8th.  Supply  of  copper  wire 
covered  with  guttapercha  and  cotton.  March  11th. — Supply  of 
extensible  telephone  switch  tables.  March  12th.  —  Supply  of 
electric  cables.  Particulars  of  cahier  des  charges,  &c.,  from  Bureau 
des  Postes  et  Telczraphes,  103,  Rue  de  Grenelle,  Paris. 

March  6th — Supply  of  electric  cable  for  the  service  of  the  Postes 
et  Tc'egraphes  de  I'lndo-Chine.  Guarantees  :  provisional,  550  fr.  ; 
final,  1,100  fr.  Particulars  of  the  Ministere  des  Colonies,  57. 
Boulevard  des  Invalides,  Paris. 

DuNKEKQCE. — March  15th.  Tenders  are  required  for  the  supply 
and  erection  of  the  mechanical  and  electrical  appliances  to  work  a 
6 1 -metre  swing  bridge  to  be  erected  in  the  Freyanet  Docks  at 
Dunkerque.  Particulars  of  M.  Bourgeois,  ingenieur-en-chef,  Dun- 
kerque. 

G.C.R. — March  4th.  The  Great  Central  Railway  Co. 
are  inviting  tenders  for  stores  during  the  year  ending  April  30th, 
1914.     For  further  particulars  see  this  column  last  week. 

Heston  and  Isleworth. — March  8th.  Stores  and 
materials  for  a  year,  for  the  U.D.C.  electricity  department.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  February  21st. 

Hangary. — Sz6u. — Tenders  will  be  received  for  a  con- 
cession to  establish  an  electric  installation  and  supply  public  and 
private  lighting  and  power  current,  for  a  period  of  50  years,  to 
Szod  and  ten  neighbouring  districts.  Guarantee  deposit,  10,000 
kronen.     Particulars  of  the  Gemeindeamt,  Szod. 

Ilford. —  March  1st.  Council  Education  Committee. 
Tenders  for  the  electric  lighting  installation  at  the  South  Park 
School  extension.  Water  Lane,  Ilford.  Mr,  C.  J.  Dawson,  architect, 
11,  Cranbrook  Road,  Ilford. 

March  Ist. — Stores  for  a  year,  for  the  Tramways  Department  of 
the  U.D.C.     Mr.  L.  E.  Harvey,  manager,  Ley  Street  depot. 

India. — March  lith.  Motors,  transformer  and  motor- 
generator,  for  the  B.B.  and  C.I.  Railway.  See  "  Official  Notices  ' 
February  21st. 

March  4th. — Starting  and  controUiog  pillars,  for  the  Bombay, 
Baroda  and  Central  India  Railway.  See  "  Official  Notices "  Feb- 
ruary 21st. 

kind's  LjOU. — March  1st.  Lancashire  boiler,  econo- 
miser and  pipewprk,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department. 
See  "  Officii  Notices"  Febmary  21st. 


Liverpool.  —  O.vtu.n. —  HIectric  lixht  itiHlAllation  at 
St.  Saviour  H  (Jhurch,  for  the  Viuar  and  Wardcnn. 

March  loth.  Eloctriool  HttingM  for  a  year,  for  thi:  Select  Ve«try 
Mr.  C.  W.  (/'oster,  clerk,  IJrowiilow  Hill. 

London.— li.C.C— March  Ith.  Two  2,000-KW.  turbo- 
generators,  with  condenBiiig  plant,  Sec.  ( vxtttnaion  of  time).  S«e 
"Official  Xoticfs"  February  21mI. 

March  .',th. — Electrical  inHtallation  at  the  Curtain  Road  Elemen- 
tary School.     See  "Official  .Notices"  February  2l8t. 

.March  I2th.  -K\ectru;n\  installation  at  Hawley  Croocent  School, 
St.  Pancras.     See  "Official  Notices"  to  day. 

It  is  also  proposed  to  put  in  hand  at  an  early  date,  the  electric 
lighting  of  the  following  schools  :  -  North  Camberwell  (Leipiiic 
Road);  Walworth  (Victory  I'la<;c)  ;  and  Woolwich  (Avery  Hill 
Training  College  Hostels).  Tenders  are  being  advertised  for,  and 
a  sub-committee  is  to  be  authorised  to  accept  tenders  during; 
the  recess. 

The  Fire  Brigade  Committee  recommends  that  tenders  be  invited 
from  selected  firms  for  two  electrically  (one  petrol-electric)  driven 
motor  fire  escape  vans  and  two  motor  turntable  ladders. 

Tenders  are  to  be  invited  by  the  Highways  Committee  for  the 
erection  of  the  Leighton  Road,  Kentish  Town,  tramways  permanent 
way  depot. 

The  Committee  also  recommends  that  three  rotary  converters, 
transformers  and  accessories,  switchgear  and  cabling  be  substituted 
for  other  plant  at  present  in  use  at  Shoreditch  tramway  power 
station. 

St.  Panckas. — March  4th.  Arc  lamp  carbons,  for  the  B.C.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  February  7th. 

Stepney. — March  17th.  Boilers  and  boiler  house  accessories, 
turbo-alternators,  condensers,  accessories  and  switchgear,  for  the 
B.C.     See  "Official  Notices"  February  14th. 

Battebsea. — March  I'Jth.  One  water-tube  boiler,  mechanical 
stoker,  superheater  and  pipework,  and  one  motor-driven  centrifugal 
pump  and  pipework,  for  the  B.C.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Macclestield. — March  llth.  Electrical  goods  for  the 
Cheshire  County  Asylum,  Parkside.  Mr.  Wm.  Tingay,  clerk  of 
the  Asylum. 

Merthyr  Tydfil. — March  ;3rd.  Electrical  accessories  for 
a  year,  for  the  B.G.    The  Workhouse' Master. 

IHorecambe. — March  19th.  2,500  tons  of  coal  or  slack 
for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department.  See  "Official  Notices" 
to-day. 

Morocco. — March  27th.  Tenders  are  invited  for  the 
supply  of  15.000  insulators  and  brackets.  Particulars  from 
Monsieur  le  President  de  la  Commission  gencrale  des  Adjudications 
et  des  Marches,  Dar-en-Niab»,  Tangiers. 

Xeath. — March  3rd.  One  400-k\v,  high-speed  engine, 
direct-coupled  to  a  two-phase  alternator,  and  accessories,  for  the 
R.D.C.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  February  14th. 

Newport  (fflon.),— March  ith.  Electric  light  fittings 
for  the  B.  of  G.     Mr.  A.  H.  Rees,  Clerk,  Queen's  Kill 

Pontypridd. — March  5th.  Stores  and  materials  for  the 
U.D.C.  electric  light  and  tramways  department.  See  "Official 
Notices"  February  21st. 

March  17th. — Tramway  men's  uniforms  for  the  U.D.C.  See 
"  Official  Notices  '  to-day. 

River  Plate. — April  5th.  The  ilunicipality  of  La  Paz 
(Entre  Rios)  is  calling  for  tenders  for  the  erection  of  an  electric 
light  station. — Renew  ofth<;  liiver  Plate. 

SoDtli  Shields. — ilarch  10th.  Stores  for  a  year  for  the 
Corporation  Electricity  Supply  Department.  Mr.  H.  S.  Ellis,  elec- 
trical engineer,  Mill  Dam. 

Swindon. — March  8th.  General  stores  and  materials  for 
a  year,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  and  tramways  departments. 
See  "  Official  Notices  '  February  1 1th. 

March  10th.— One  500-KW.  mixed-pressure  turbine  and  con- 
densing plant,  boiler  feed  pump  and  pipework,  and  one  switchboard 
panel  and  cables,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  Official  Notices " 
February  14th. 

Swiuton  and  Pendlebury.— ^larch  lOth.    One  25-kw. 

transformer  and  switchboard,  main  along  Chatsworth  Road,  and 
annual  supply  of  materials,  for  the  U.D.C.  Electricity  Department. 
See  "Official  Notices"  February  2 1st. 

Uruguay. — March  20th.  Five  electric  gantry  cranes 
for  Customs  warehouses  at  Monte  Video.  B.  of  T.  C.I.  Depart- 
ment in  London. 

Wallasey.— March  15th.  Fuel  oil  (400  tons)  for  a  year, 
for  the  Corporation  electricity  department.  Mr.  J.  A.  Crowther, 
electrical  engineer,  Seaview  Road.  Lisoard. 

WaltliauiStow,— February  28th.  Foui"  double-deck 
tramo&rs  complete  with  magnetic-brake  equipments  for  the  U.D.C 
See  "  Official  Notices  '  February  7th. 


346 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.  72.  No.  i,84o,  febbuaby  2s«,  1913. 


War  Office. — Cables,  electrical  stores,  iron  telegraph 
poles,  kc.    f^ee  "  Oflicial  Notices  "  to-day. 

Warrinjcton. — March  .')th.  Motors  and  transformers 
for  a  year,  for  the  Corporation.    See  "Oflicial  Notices"  Feb.  Hth. 

Waterford. — The  Asylum   Committee  has    decided   to 

invite  tenders  for  the  installation  of  an  electric  plant,  in  accordance 
with  the  estimate  of  Mr.  Lawless,  which  amounted  to  £3,'.»29. 

Wimbledon. — March  5th.  Stores  and  materials,  for  a 
year,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department.  See  "  OtBcial 
Notices  "  February  14th. 

Wreiliaiii. — March  1st.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the 
Horougrh  Electrical  Engineer's  department.  See  "  Official  Notices  " 
February  Hth. 

lork. — March  10th.  One  :{,0(»()-Kw.  turbo-alternator, 
with  condensing:  plant,  pipework  and  switchboard,  water-tube 
boilers  with  chain-prate  stokers,  &c.,  storage  battery  and  h.t.  cables, 
for  the  Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices"  February  21et. 


CLOSED. 

Barnsle.v. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Mr. 
Jas.  Taylor,  of  May  Day  Green,  for  telephone  fittinsfs  for  inter- 
block communication  at  the  hospital,  at  £49. 

Bel^iani. — Several  Belgian  and  Oernian  concerns  sub- 
mitted tenders  last  week  for  the  supply  and  laying  of  two  lots  of 
telephone  cables  in  the  Brussels  district,  for  the  Belgian  Post  and 
Telegraph  authorities,  the  lowest  offer  in  both  cases  being  that  of 
the  Deutsche  Kabelwerke  Gesellschaft,  of  Lichtenberg,  Berlin. 

Chase  Town. — The  Staffs.  Education  Committee  on 
Saturday  accepted  the  tender  of  the  Electric  Construction  Co.,  Ltd., 
for  electric  plant  and  machinery  for  the  Mining  Institute  at 
Bumtwood,  at  £365. 

CohvTn  Bay. — The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  following 
tenders  for  extensions  at  the  electricity  works  : — 

Browett,  Lindley  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Steam  set,  i;650  (dynamo  by  Messrs.  Dick, 

Eerr  ,Sl  Co.,  £323),  and  field  coil,  £13. 
Bertram  Thomas. — Extension  of  switchboard,  f  126. 
R.  Hughes-Williams.— Engine  room  extension,  :C167. 

I)00$^las  (Isle  of  Man). — The  Tramways  Committee  of 
the  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Milns,  Voss  &  Co.  for  a 
single  saloon  tramcar  with  improved  lighting,  at  £251. 

Durham. — The  Education  Committee  of  the  Durham 
County  Council  has  accepted  the  tenders  of  Messrs.  F.  Reid,  Ferens 
and  Co.,  Sunderland,  for  the  electric  light  installations  at  its 
schools,  viz..  New  Training  College  and  Hostel  for  Women,  at 
Durham,  Easington  Schools,  Fatfield  Schools,  Wingate  School, 
Wheatley  Hill  School,  Newbottle  School,  and  Peases  West. 

Glasgow . — With  reference  to  our  note  under  this  heading 
last  week,  we  learn  that  the  contract  placed  with  Messrs.  James 
Howden  4:  Co.  was  for  a  set  of  "  Howden-Zoelly  "  turbo-alternators, 
not  "  Rateau-Zoelly."  Further,  orders  i oi  four  boilers  each  were 
placed  with  both  Messrs.  Howden  and  Messrs.  Babcock  ,V  Wilcox — 
not  two  each. 

Harrogate. — The  T.C  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  1,2.")0-KW.  horizontal 
turbo-alternator,  at  £4,279.  The  tender  of  the  same  firm  to  recon- 
struct and  rewind  the  generator  of  the  present  vertical  set,  at  £612, 
has  also  been  accepted. 

Horsham. — The  U. !).('.  has  decided  to  obtain  all  sizes 
of  meters  from  the  Electrical  Apparatus  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  next 
12  months. 

Hnddersfield. — The  Markets  and  Fairs  Committee  has 
accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  E.  Brook,  Ltd.,  for  a  three-phase 
electric  motor  for  the  cold  stores. 

London. — Ha-Mmersmftii. — The  Electricity  Committee 
received  the  following  tenders  for  cable  ducts  : — 

Builderii'  Material  Association i.'384 

H.B.Mansfield       (accepted)  381 

Sharp,  Jonos  A  Co 888 

Gates  4  Green,  Ltd 984 

Bcsiiinns  &  Sons           SS4 

.J.  Woodward,  Ltd 384 

Albion  Clay  Co 284 

Doulton  4  Co . .  234 

John  Knowles ..  — 

J.  R.  Kyfe  4  Co.  (plain  joint)         IBl 

Arc  lamp  globes  are  ordered  from  Messrs.  Johnson  k  Jorgensen, 
Ltd.,  and  electric  light  sundries  from  the  B.T.H.  Co. 


For  cable  joint  boxes  and  fuse  boxes,  the  prices  quoted  were  : — 

W.  Lucy  *  Co (accepted)  i  186 

Sykes  &  SuKden,  Ltd.  533 

B.I.  4  Helsbv  Cables,  Ltd 647 

Callendci'B  Cable  4  Construction  Co.,  Ltd. 682 

Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd 767 

W.T.  Glover  4  Co.,  Ltd 1,284 

The  tender  of  Messrs.  Chamberlain  &  Hookham,  Ltd.,  for  ordinary 
meters  from  3  to  500  amps,  has  been  accepted,  also  that  of  the 
Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  meters  (hour). 

The  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  is  to  supply  insulated  wires  for 
£147  ;  there  were  four  higher  tenders  ranging  up  to  £216. 

Ile.vborougb, — The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted 
the  tender  of  Messrs.  G.  H.  Smith  &  Sons,  for  extensions  te  the 
electricity  works,  at  £3,891. 

Peterborough. — Messrs.  Callender's  Cable  Co.  have 
Bocured  the  contract  for  the  cable  for  the  lighting  of  the  new 
bridge  over  the  Great  Northern  main  line  at  Peterborough,  for 
£187. 

Redditch. — The  Worcestershire  Education  Committee 
has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  J.  Andrews  &  Son  (£94)  for 
installing  electric  light  at  the  new  Echool. 

Southend-on-Sea. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
the  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  switchlward,  at  £81  ; 
that  of  Mr.  Geo.  Waller,  of  Stroud  (Glos.),  for  screening  and 
elevating  machinery,  at  £831  ;  and  those  of  Messrs.  Daweon  and 
Manfield,  of  Manchester,  for  new  refuse  destructor  cells,  at  £1,760. 

West  Ham. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Leslie  A:  Co.,  at  £1,23.">,  for  pipework,  kc,  in  connection 
with  the  river  service.  The  tenders  of  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo 
Works,  Ltd.,  and  Messrs.  Chamberlain  ct  Hookham  have  also  been 
accepted  for  an  annual  supply  of  house  service  a  c.  wattmeters. 


PORTHCOMINO    EVENTS. 


Boyal  Institution.— Saturday,  March  1st.— At  3  p.m.  Lecture  on  "  The  Pro- 
perties and  Constitution  of  the  Atom,"  by  Prof.  Sir  J.  J.  Thomion. 
(Lecture  IV.) 

Friday,  March  7th.  At  9  p.m.  Discourse  on  'Photography  of  the 
Paths  of  Particles  Ejected  from  Atoms,"  by  Mr.  C.  T.  R.  Wilson. 

Saturday,  March  8th.  At  3  p.m.  Lecture  on  "  The  Properties  and 
Constitution  of  the  Atom,"  by  Prof.  Sir  J.  J,  Thomson.    (Lecture  V.) 

Salford  Technical  and  Engineering  Association.— Saturday,  March  1st. 

At  7  p  m.    At  the  Royal  Technical  College,  Salford.    Lectuie  on  "  Wireless 

Telegraphy,"  by  Mr.  J.  McKeever. 
Society  of  Engineers.— Monday,  March  8rd.     At  7.30  p.m.     At  the  I.E.E., 

Embanltment,    W.C.      Presentation   of    premiums    by    Mr.    J.   Kennedy. 

Presidential  address  by  Mr.  A.  Valon. 
Institution  of   Mechanical   Engineers.— Tuesday,  March  4th.     At  8   p.m. 

Paper  on  "City  Passenger  Transportation  in  the  United  States,"  by  Mr, 

G.  D.  Snyder. 
Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (London).— Thursday,  March  6th.     At 

8  p.m.    Paper  on  "  Recent  Developments  in  the  Street  Lighting  of  Man- 
chester," by  Messrs.  S.  L.  Pearce  and  H.  A.  Katcli£f. 

(Manchester  Students'  Section).— Tuesday,  March  4tb.    At  7.80  p.m. 

At  the  Municipal  School  of  Technology,  Manchester.    Paper  on  "Practical 

Testing  of  Transformers,"  by  Mr.  W.  Parry. 

(Glasgow  Students'  Section).— Tuesday,  March  4th.    At  8  p.m.    At 

the  Royal  Technical  College,  Glasgow.    Annual  general  meeting.    Paper 

on  "Illumination,"  by  Mr.  N.  McCaekill. 

(Students'  Section,  London).— Wednesday,  March  Eth.    At  7  45  p.m. 

At  the  Institution.    Paper  on  "  Electrical  Heating  and  Ccoking  Apparatus," 

by  Mr.  8.  M.  Hills. 
Charing  Cross,  West  End  and  City  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.— Friday, 

March  7th.    At  8  p.m.    St»tr  Smoking  Concert.    The  Pillar  Hall,  Victona 

Station  (S.E.  and  C.  Railway). 
Association  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers.— Friday,  March  7th.   At  8  p.m. 

At  Exeter  Cafi"',  Deansgate,  Manchester.      Meeting  to  form  Manchester 

branch. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION) 


Commanding  Officer— Likct.-Col.  H.  M.  Leaf. 
The  following  orders  have  been  issued  for  the  current  week  :—    . 

Monday,   March   8rd.— "A"   Company.     Recruit  training,   7  to   10  p.m.; 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Tuesday,  March  4th.— "B"  Company.    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Thursday,  March  6th.— "C"  Company.      Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Friday,  March  7th.—"  D "  Company.    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Saturday,  March  8th.— Headquarters  will  be  open  from  10  a.m.  till  12  noon 

for  regimental  business. 

(Sitrncfli         P.  H.  CAMPBrLL,  Capt.  R.E.,and  Adjt. 

For  Officer  commanding  L.B.E, 


The  Post  Office  Railway  Scheme.— The  Lonrhn  GozHie 

for  February  25th  contains  the  full  particulars  of  the  scheme  pro- 
posed by  the  Postmaster-General  for  the  construction  of  electric 
underground  railways  for  the  service  of  the  Post  OflBce,  which  is  to 
form  the  subject  of  an  application  in  the  1913  Parliamentary 
Session. 


Vol.72.  No.i,8io,FKi.nuABY28,  i9i:j.]    TFIFi    ELECTRICAL    UblVIKW.  847 


NOTES. 


Briti.sli    naniitactnrers    fn     Australia.— Tho    Aub- 

tniliaii  AHHOciatioii  of  UritiHh  MniiufacturrrH  nnrt  their  Flcpre- 
Hcntatives  held  ilH  annual  ineetini^f  on  February  7th,  at  Melbourne. 
The  report  for  11)12  then  Hubmitted  showed  a  balance  in  hand 
amounting  to  £1  18.  The  AsHooiation  in  preparinif  for  diHtribution 
amonp:  buyinj;  houHSH,  A;c.,  throuffhout  AuHtralia,  a  directory  of 
memberH  of  the  AaHOciation.  Seven  thouxaod  five  hundred  copies 
will  bo  circulated,  and  it  is  believed  that  both  members  of  the 
body,  and  British  trade  in  treneral,  will  bo  benefited  by  purchasers 
beinp  enabled  to  ascertain  with  the  minimum  of  trouble  where 
their  rcciuirements  may  be  procured  from  British  sources.  It  is 
also  hoped  that  the  Association  membership  will  be  added  to  in 
consequence  of  the  pfreater  publicity  thusfjivcn  to  its  doing's,  and  if 
additions  to  the  membership  are  found  to  justify  such  a  course,  the 
publication  may  be  issued  annually.  The  foUowinpr  other  matters 
are  referred  to  in  the  report :  — 

Tarijl'.  It  was  expected  that  a  revision  of  the  tariff  would  be 
undertaken  by  the  Commonwealth  Government  during  the  year, 
but  such  has  not  been  the  case.  With  the  approachinfj  Federal 
elections,  it  is  impossible  to  forecast  whether  or  not  anything  in 
this  direction  will  be  done  during  the  ensuing  year,  but  representa- 
tions have  been  made  by  the  Association  regording  a  large  number 
of  items  in  which  members  urge  for  alterations  in  the  present 
tariff,  and  have  been  promised  by  the  Minister  "careful  considera- 
tion when  the  tariff  is  next,under  review." 

Ooffntiiicitl  mill  .Miniicijiii!  Tcnilen. — The  matter  of  putting  up 
a  cash  deposit  on  tendering  for  Government  and  municipal  con- 
tracts, and  increasing  same  in  the  event  of  acceptance,  has  been 
receiving  the  attention  of  the  Executive  Council,  and  expressions 
of  opinion  have  been  obtained  from  members  interested  ;  but  as 
there  appears  to  be  a  considerable  difference  in  members'  views,  it 
is  proposed  to  call  a  meeting  at  an  early  date  to  decide  what  steps 
should  be  taken. 

Statistical  Informatioii. — During  the  year  statistical  tables, 
relating  to  the  trade  of  the  United  Kingdom  with  the  Common- 
wealth in  items  in  which  there  is  competition  with  foreign 
countries,  for  the  years  lit  10  and  1911,  have  been  prepared  by  H.M. 
Trade  Commissioner  in  Australia,  and  distributed  by  the  Association 
to  members  and  others.  These  figures  have  been  found  of  con- 
siderable value  and  interest  to  members,  and  it  is  intended  to  supply 
members  with  similar  figures  annually.  It  may  also  be  mentioned 
that  more  detailed  figures  relating  to  the  particular  trade  of 
individual  members  may  be  obtained  from  the  secretary. 

Many  matters  have  been  and  are  being  dealt  with  to  the  benefit 
of  British  trade,  the  details  of  which  it  is  not  advisable  to  make 
generally  known.  A  system  has  been  inaugurated  whereby  early 
information  is  obtained  from  the  Department  of  Trade  and 
Customs  regarding  tariff  decisions,  rulings'  and  alterations,  and  all 
such  information  is  passed  on  to  members  interested  at  the  earliest 
possible  moment.  The  Executive  Council  feel  very  pleased  with 
the  progress  which  has  been  made  by  the  Association,  and  with  its 
reception  in  official  and  other  quarters,  and  feel  confident  that, 
given  the  support  of  representatives  of  British  manufacturers  and 
of  their  principals  in  the  United  Kingdom,  much  useful  work 
will  be  accomplished  and  the  Association  will  become  a  powerful 
factor  in  connection  with  trade  between  the  United  Kingdom 
and  the  Commonwealth. 

Mr.  Percy  Rosling,  the  president,  was  up  for  re-election.  Mr. 
R.  H.  Butler,  the  secretary,  if  addressed  at  the  new  permanent 
offices  of  the  Association — 4:^0,  Little  Collins  Street,  Melbourne — 
will  be  only  too  pleased  to  forward  to  principals  in  this  country 
information  relating  to  membership,  &c.  There  are  now  195 
members,  10.5  of  these  being  British  manufacturers,  and  00  repre- 
sentatives of  British  manufacturers,  and  the  annual  subscriptions 
amounted  to  £348 

The  E.T.B.I.  and  IVational  Insurance. — The  Secretary 

of  the  Electrical  Trades  Benevolent  Institution  (Mr.  F.  B.  0.  Hawes) 
recently  laid  before  the  Committee  a  report  regarding  the  bearing 
of  the  National  Insurance  Act  on  such  persons  as  benefit  by  the 
Institution.  The  position  of  the  working  classes  is,  of  course, 
different,  and  for  the  sake  of  brevity,  the  benefits  to  women,  which, 
in  nearly  all  cases  are  less  than  those  conferred  upon  men,  are  not 
dealt  with. 

"  As  the  unemployment  portion  of  the  Act  will  affect  practically 
no  members  of  the  staff  of  electrical  firms,  its  bearing  need  not 
be  considered.  The  following  observations,  therefore,  only  refer  to 
the  health  insurance  portion  of  the  Act : — 

"  The  monetary  benefits  in  the  case  of  sickness  conferred  under 
the  Act  as  regards  men  briefly  are  as  follows  :  '  If  the  contributions 
have  been  paid  continuously,  IDs.  a  week  is  paid  for  a  maximum 
period  of  26  weeks,  provided  the  insured  person  is  under  T>0  ;  if 
over  50  the  amount  is  7s.  a  week,  and  if  over  60  6s.  a  week.  When 
the  contributions  are  in  arrear  these  amounts  are  considerably 
reduced,  for  instance,  in  the  case  of  a  man  who  is  ten  contributions 
a  year,  on  an  average,  in  arrear,  the  sickness  benefit  will  only  be 
6s.  6d.  a  week.  Besides,  other  reasons  may  cause  the  insured 
person  to  receive  sickness  benefit  only  counting  from  some  days 
after  the  commencement  of  the  illness. 

"  The  above  figures  all  relate  to  insured  persons  who  are  members 
of  a  friendly  society,  and  whose  incomes  do  not  exceed  £160  per 
annum.  Persons  whose  health  is  bad  may  be  unable  to  get  into  a 
friendly  society,  and  in  such  an  event  become  deposit  contributors. 
Speaking  generally,  the  person  of  had  health  who  is  a  deposit 
contributor  obtains  practically  no  monetary  benefits  from  the 
National  Insurance  Act,  owing  tc  the  fact  that  a  very  small 
irregularity  in   the  payments  of  the  contiibutions  prevents  such 


benofltii  being  given,  and  a  perion  In  b»d  health  1»  certain  to  b« 
irregular  in  hiH  paymenlN. 

"It  will  bo  seen  that  the  beneflU  mcntir.nwl  abovf;  are  far  too 
Hmall  to  mer-t  tho  ri«|nirfinpntii  of  the  averiit'o  p<rwiii  employe*!  on 
tho  stall'  of  an  electrical  concern,  and  it  may  U-  taken  for  c<>r1aln 
that  in  the  cane  ol  an  extendc<l  illneiu,  anHJntance  of  «ome  other 
kind  would  be  abHolutely  nocctiTOry  In  nplte  of  the  fact  that  the 
employer  and  tho  employ*''  had  l>oth  been  compelle<l  to  pay  the 
Insurance  contributioiiH. 

"The  grants  mad<-  by  this  InHtitution  are  tho»e  which  the 
Committee  considers  are  required  to  meet  the  individual  want*  of 
each  case. 

"  Porsons  who  apply  to  this  Institution  for  aosistance  have 
generally  been  outride  the  noope  of  the  Insurance  Act  for  neveral 
years,  and  consequently  their  position  in  in  no  way  altered  by  the 
existence  of  the  Act.  They  are  generally  people  who  have  lout 
their  capital  through  misfortune  of  some  kind  or  another,  or 
persons  who  have  been  receiving  good  salaries,  but  have  lo»t  their 
appointments  owing  to  ill-health,  and  are  unable  to  obtain 
employment. 

"  The  advantage  of  this  Institution  as  regards  the  employer  who 
has  come  to  grief,  needs  no  demonstration.  The  Insurance  Act,  of 
course,  will  never  do  anything  for  him. 

"The  above  observations  relate  only  to  temporary  relief.  In  con- 
sidering the  whole  subject,  it  is  frequently  forgotten  that  the  prin- 
cipal object  of  the  Electrical  Trades  Benevolent  Institution  i«  to 
grant  pensions.  This  is  a  matter  which  the  Insurance  Act  mention* 
as  a  possibility,  but  there  is  nothing  in  it  to  indicate  that 
pensions  will  ever  be  paid,  or  to  indicate  whether  they  are  likely  to 
be  of  a  sufficient  amount  to  be  of  any  practical  use  to  anyone  who 
has  been  in  the  position  of  a  member  of  a  staff  of  an  electrical 
concern. 

"  In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  payments  by  employers  and 
employed  under  the  National  Insurance  Act  will  probably  always 
be  insufficient  to  meet  the  ordinary  sickness  benefits,  the  matter 
of  pensions  is  left  in  a  very  uncertain  state,  and  this  In.stitution 
merits  the  support  of  those  who  would  place  pensions  on  a  Arm 
basis,  even  if  they  are  already  paying  under  the  National  Insurance 
Act. 

"  The  time  is  undoubtedly  drawing  near  when  pensions  will  be 
required  for  members,  and  the  invested  funds  must  be  very 
materially  increased  in  order  to  meet  such  demands. 

"In  the  above  the  position  of  members  of  the  Institution  has  been 
considered,  but  there  is  a  still  further  very  important  duty  of  the 
Institution,  namely,  pensions  to  the  widows  of  members  and  assist- 
ance to  the  children.  The  National  Insurance  Act  does  nothing  for 
such  persons. 

"  In  conclusion,  I  would  ask  everyone  who  is  considering  this 
subject  to  bear  in  mind  that  the  Institution  does  not  exist  merely 
for  the  purpose  of  granting  assistance  during  sickness  or  other 
difficulties,  but  that  larger  duties,  which,  up  to  the  present,  have  not 
been  exercised,  are  far  and  away  beyond  anything  which  is  contem- 
plated in  the  National  Insurance  Act.  These  duties  can  only  be 
properly  carried  out  by  larger  increases  in  the  invested  funds." 

Electrical  Wages  iu  Belfast. — A  local  correspondent 

writes  ; — "  The  efforts  of  Belfast  electricians,  assisted  by  their 
organiser,  Mr.  Thomas  Stewart,  to  have  the  wages  of  their  fellow- 
workers  employed  in  the  building  trade  raised  to  £2  per  week,  have 
been  successful .  On  Saturday  last  the  employers  concerned,  with  one 
exception,  granted  the  increase,  and  electricians  working  for 
building  contractors  are  now  on  the  same  level  as  electricians 
serving  in  other  branches  of  employment." 

Institution  and  Lecture  Notes.— Bie.mixgham  and 

District  Electbic  Club.— The  fourth  annual  dinner  of  the  Bir- 
mingham and  District  Club  was  held  at  the  Swan  Hotel  on  Saturday, 
the  15th  inst.  Mr.  Roberts  presided,  supported  by  Mr.  J.  L.Morgan 
(treasurer  of  the  club  and  secretary  of  the  local  section  of  the 
Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers),  Alderman  David  Shanks,  the 
vice-presidents,  Messrs.  E.  R.  Phillips  and  V.  D.  Green,  the 
assistant  secretary,  and  others.  Mr.  Fell  (of  the  Wednesbury 
Electricity  Department).  Councillor  Lench,  and  others  were  present 
as  guests  of  the  club.  Mr.  J.  Hill  (past  president)  proposed  the 
toast  of  the  club,  which  had  been  in  existence  nine  years  :  some  of  the 
founders,  he  said,  were  present  that  night.  That  interest  in  the  club 
had  never  been  allowed  to  flag  was  proved  by  the  fact  that  over 
40  papers  had  been  given  relating  to  the  electrical  industry.  Mr.  II. 
Roberts,  in  responding,  said  be  thought  the  present  competition 
between  gas  and  electricity  was  likely  to  die  out  before  long,  and 
instead  of  each  striving  to  adapt  its  method  of  illumination  or  power 
to  every  case,  it  would  be  acknowledged  that  each  had  its  special 
field.  For  instance,  in  view  of  the  present  protests  against  the 
rapid  rise  of  the  Birmingham  rates,  there  was  one  step,  at  any  rate, 
which  might  be  made  towards  economy-  the  substitution  of 
electric  street  lamps  for  the  present  gas  lamps.  There  were  219 
lamp-lighters  employed  in  the  greater  city,  and  they  had  to  light 
and  extinguish  daily  22.000  lamps.  Here  was  a  case  in  which  the 
advantages  of  electricity  were  manifest.  Mr.  V.  D.  Green  proposed 
"The  City  of  Birmingham,'  giving  a  humorous  sketch  of  its 
history  and  recalling  its  associations  with  Boulton,  Watt  and 
Murdoch,  the  birth  of  electroplating,  and  other  notable  events. 
Alderman  Shanks,  responding,  referred  to  the  cry  for  economy  in 
the  City  Council.  Was  it  economy  to  grant  £l,"i.000  to  the  Uni- 
versity and  at  the  same  time  refuse  an  increase  in  teachers'  salaries  .' 
Economy  was  not  necessarily  a  matter  confined  to  finance.  It  also 
bore  upon  another  matter,  as  to  how  far  the  portion  of  the  com- 
munity as  represented  by  that  gathering  of  manufacturers  and 
contractors  was  affected.  "  It  might  be  good  to  grant  a  sum  to  the 
University,  to  raise  the  teachers'  salaries  and  to  he  progressive  in 
all  other  activities  and  civic  life.      Yet  they  would  find  this  meant 


348 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.  [Voi,72.  no.  i,84o,febeuaby28,  1913. 


a  still  further  increase  in  the  rates,  and  that  raised  the  question 
whether  the  time  had  not  come  for  a  very  ferious  alteration  in  the 
methods  of  rating  local  manufacturintr  concerns.  Manufacturers 
pot  an  undue  share  of  the  burdens,  and  it  was  for  them  to  consider 
whether  the  time  had  not  come  to  put  a  stop  to  those  burdens. 
Ground  rents,  for  example,  were  not  payinp  as  heavy  a  share  of 
the  rates  as  factories.  Other  toasts  were  "  The  Electrical  Industry," 
proposed  by  Mr.  Brewerion,  and  responaed  to  by  Mr.  Steventon, 
and  "  The  Visitors,"  proposed  by  Mr.  W.  Y.  Anderson,  and  responded 
to  by  Councillor  I^nch.  Songs  and  recitations  were  given  by 
Messrs.  H.  Smith,  A.  Whatmore,  WUlett  Raine  and  F.  X.  Dowling. 
and  the  evening  proved  to  be  a  very  entertaining  and  enjoy- 
able one. 

iNSTiTiTioN  OF  Electrical  Ekgineebs  (BiK.MiNGnAM  Section\ 
— On  Wednesday  last,  papers  were  to  be  read  by  Mr.  \V.  E.  Milns  on 
"  The  Economical  Use  of  Electric  Power."  and  by  Mr.  T.  P. 
^Vilm8hur^t  on  "  Electrical  Power,  Heating  and  Cooking.'  After 
the  meeting  a  demonstration  of  heating  and  cooking  apparatus  was 
(riven  by  Mr.  Milns. 

M.\scnE.<TEU  Section.— At  a  meeting  of  the  Section  on  the  25th 
inst.,  a  paper  was  read  by  Messrs.  S.  L.  Pearce  and  H.  A.  Ratcliff  on 
•'Recent  Developments  in  the  Street  Lighting  of  Manchester."  A 
discussion  followed,  which  was  replied  to  by  the  author?. 

YoRK^^IBl:  Section.  -  -  On  Friday  laet  the  annual  dinner  of 
the  Yorkshire  Local  Section  took  place  at  the  Hotel  Metropole, 
Leeds,  the  chairman  of  the  Section,  Mr.  Wilson  Hartnell,  pre- 
siding. Representing  the  Council  there  were  present  the  Presi- 
dent (Mr.  W.  Duddell),  Messrs.  J.  F.  C.  Snell,  W.  Judd,  .T.  E. 
Kingsbury.  Robert  Hammond,  and  the  secretary,  Mr.  P.  F.  Rowell, 
and  amongst  others  well  known  locally  one  may  mention 
Mr.  Harold  Dickinson  (late  city  electrical  engineer),  Mr.  A.  G. 
Lupton,  Pro-Chancellor  (Leeds  Tniversity),  Mr.  John  McLaren, 
Mr.  E.  Kitson  Clarke,  Mr.  A.  S.  Keith,  Mr.  J.  B.  Hamilton  (Cor- 
poration Tramways  Department),  Mr.  W.  B.  Woodhouse  (Y'orkshire 
Power  Co.),  and  Mr.  W.  C.  Mountain,  Chairman  of  the  Newcastle 
Section,  LE.E. 

After  the  loyal  toasts,  Mr.  A.  G.  Lupton  briefly  proposed  "  The 
Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,"  referring  to  the  world-wide 
use  of  electricity  and  its  influence  on  progress  generally.  It  seemed 
to  him  that  the  Institution  was  a  descendant,  in  theory,  of  the 
spirit  which  carried  on  the  old  trade  guilds,  but  on  a  more 
extended   sca'e. 

The  President,  in  responding,  referred  to  the  efforts  of  the 
Institution  on  behalf  of  its  members,  and  the  pleasure  which 
it  gave  him  to  meet  and  keep  in  touch  with  the  members  of 
the  Local  Sections.  There  were  7.3  members  41  years  of  ago,  and 
now  some  7,S0O.  with  whrrm  it  would  be  impossible  to  keep  in 
touch  were  it  not  for  the  Local  Sections.  The  latter  also  facilitated 
the  exteuded  discussion  of  matters  brought  forward.  After  refer- 
ring to  the  work  of  the  Electrotechnical  Commission  and  the 
friendly  intercourse  which  arose  therefrom  with  Continental  engi- 
neers, he  said  he  hoped  many  of  the  members  would  take  part  in 
the  forthcoming  visit  to  Paris,  the  details  of  which  were  being 
arranged. 

Mr.  Robt.  Hammond,  to  whom  fell  the  toast  of  "The  Yorkshire 
Local  Section,"  remarked  that  the  Institution,  being  flush  with 
money,  had  invested  £3,000  recently,  and  was  in  a  flourishing  con- 
dition. Y'orkshire  had  four  record  works  costs  amongst  its  central 
stations,  and  the  average  price  of  electricity  in  Yorkshire  was 
lower  than  in  any  other  county.  The  chairman,  in  replying  to 
the  toast,  dwelt  on  the  rapidity  of  electrical  progress,  pointing  out 
that  steam  engineering  had  required  about  1.50  years  to  arrive  at  a 
similar  stage  of  development  :  this  might  be  due  to  the  scientific 
study  devoted  to  electrical  matters. 

In  proposing  the  toast  of  "The  Electrical  Industries, '  Alderman 
Smithson  .said  he  had  been  accused  of  hindering  the  development 
and  extension  of  the  Leeds  Electricity  department,  but  he  thought 
they  would  look  at  the  matter  from  a  broader  point  of  view.  In 
his  opinion  it  would  be  established  on  a  firmer  basis,  and  would  cer- 
tainly benefit  from  indu.strial  electrical  work,  when  the  trade 
boom  was  past  and  the  local  manufacturers  had  time  to  think  over 
things.  After  referring  to  local  traction  developments,  and  the 
introduction  of  railless  traction,  he  said  he  believed  that 
they  were  entering  on  an  era  of  railway  electrification. 
Messrs.  .7.  K.  Kingsbury  and  W.  B.  Woodhouse  responded  ;  Mr. 
Kingsbury  remarked  that  the  electrical  industry  needed  no  monument, 
it  was  only  necessiry  to  look  round  to  gain  some  idea  of  its  import- 
ance. He  recalled  an  early  paper  by  Mr.  (now  Sir)  William  Preece  on 
the  application  of  electricity  to  domestic  purposes,  which  discussed 
the  question  of  electric  bells  :  if  one  compared  that  with  the  present 
day  use  of  electricity,  he  ask>-d  what  would  be  the  future  in  view 
of  the  rapid  development  now  taking  place.  It  was  a  characteristic 
of  electricity  that  it  had  to  replace  other  methods  ;  in  every  direction 
this  was  taking  place,  and  he  saw  no  reason  for  the  pessimism  which 
one  found  amongst  electrical  men.  One  could  not  overlook  the 
fact  that  there  had  been  Fome  retardation  due  to  legislative  causes, 
and  the  item  of  goodwill  was  not  always  included  when  electrical 
undertakings  were  compulsorily  transferred  ;  he  thought  the  elec- 
trical industry  could  do  wilh  some  goodwill,  and  was  entitled  to  it. 
Mr.  Woodhouse  said  it  wa.s  very  generally  considered  that  the  elec- 
trical industry  wa.=  on  the  eve  of  a  boom  in  all  departments, 
modestly  adding  that  he  had  thought  that  it  might  be  due  to  the 
work  of  the  power  companies. 

Mr.  Walter  Emmott  proposed  "  The  Gueets,"  remarking  (with  an 
eye  on  the  clock  and  the  extended  toast  list)  that  it  was  their  one 
occasion  for  speech  making  in  the  year.  Mr.  J.  F.  C.  Snell  and  Mr. 
E.  Kitson  Clarke  replying. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  speeches,  Mr.  Harold  Dickinson  was 
the  recipient  of  a  pair  of  silver  candlesticks,  presented  by  the 
Yorkshire  Section  of  the  I.E.E.  of  which  he  had  been  hon.  secre- 


tary for  some  years.  Mr.  Dickinson,  in  thanking  his  late  colleagues 
for  their  gift,  referred  to  his  connection  with  the  Leeds  Section  since 
its  inauguration,  and  to  the  great  interest  and  ready  assistance  of  the 
Council  of  the  Institution  in  connection  with  their  work. 

Orchestral  selections  and  topical  songs,  in  the  intervals  of  speech- 
making,  assisted  towards  a  pleasant  evening,  for  which  all  credit  is 
due  to  Mr.  ,T.  D.  Bailie,  the  hon.  secretary,  and  those  associated 
with  him. 

Physical  Society  of  London.— At  the  annual  general  meeting 
held  on  February  14th,  the  officers  for  the  ensuing  year  were  elected 
as  follows  :  President,  Prof.  A.  Schuster ;  Secretaries,  W.  R. 
Cooper  and  S.  W.  J.  Smith  ;  Foreign  Secretary,  Prof.  S.  P.  Thomp- 
son :  Treasurer,  W.  Duddell. 

At  the  1913  congress  of  the  Australasian  Association  for 
THE  Advancement  of  Science,  which  was  opened  on  January 
7th  at  Melbourne  L'nivcrsity,  about  .550  delegates  were  present, 
representing  the  various  States  of  the  Commonwealth  and  New 
Zealand.  A  paper  was  read  on  the  domestic  uses  of  electricity, 
especially  for  cooking,  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Alabaster,  assistant  electrical 
engineer  to  the  Melbourne  City  Council. 

Tramways  and  Light  Railways  Association. — The  dinner  of 
this  Association  took  place  last  night  at  the  Trocadero. 

Association  of  Mining  Electrical  Engineers.— At  a  meet- 
ing of  the  East  of  Scotland  branch,  held  at  Dunfermline,  on  Friday 
last,  a  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  E.  Kilburn  Scott,  London,  on  "  Electric 
Cables  for  Shafts  of  Mines." 

The  monthly  meeting  of  the  West  of  Scotland  branch  was  held 
on  Saturday  last  at  Glasgow.  Mr.  James  McCaan  read  a  paper  on 
"  The  Electrical  Coal-Cutter  ;  its  Installation  and  Manipulation.'' 
The  author  said  that  there  were  two  points  which  would  rednce 
the  saving  effected  by  the  use  of  coal-cutters.  These  were  : — (1) 
That  a  very  bad  roof  made  cutting  dangerous  and  expensive, 
sometimes  impossible ;  and  (2)  the  saving  must  be  small 
where  the  coal  was  easily  won  by  hand.  He  gave 
a  series  of  hints  for  the  benefit  of  machinemen  ; — 
Don't  switch  on  too  quickly,  give  the  machine  time  to  gradually 
attain  full  speed.  If  the  load  is  very  heavy,  switch  on  slower,  not 
faster.  Don't  increase  the  size  of  fuses  because  they  blow  often. 
It  is  easier  to  change  a  fuse  than  an  armature.  Don't  raise  or  lower 
the  cutting  level  in  quick  fteps  when  driving  a  disk  or  chain 
machine  ;  the  only  machine  that  will  do  this  is  the  bar.  Don't 
force  the  machine  through  a  hard  holing  with  blunt  picks  ;  it  is 
quicker,  not  slower,  to  change  picks.  Don't  neglect  such  trifles  as  a 
loose  screw  or  a  broken  spring,  because  it  is  a  small  detail  ;  either 
repair  it  or  report  it,  because  a  stitch  in  time  saves  nine  ;  and  don't 
bury  the  machine  in  the  cut  because  of  cutting  by  contract. 
Work  out  the  costs  properly,  and  see  if  it  does  not  pay  better  to 
cut  with  crown  wheel  clear. 

Faraday  Society— On  March  12th  there  will  be  a  general 
discussion  on  "  Colloids  and  their  Viscosity  "  ;  Dr.  R.  T.  Glazebrook 
will  preside,  and  a  number  of  papers  will  be  read.  The  meeting 
will  be  open  to  members  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers 
and  of  the  Physical  Society  of  London. 

Annual  Socials  and  Dinners.— Haxlev.— The  eighth 

annual  dinner  of  the  British  Electrical  Friendly  Society  (Potteries 
District)  was  held  at  Hanley  on  February  14th,  Mr.  F.  W.  Chanter, 
a  director  of  the  Potteries  Electric  Traction  Co.,  presiding.  A 
watch  and  chain  were  presented  to  Mr.  C.  Shorthouse,  in  apprecia- 
tion of  his  work  as  contributors'  Central  Committeeman  for  11 
years. 

Maidstone. — On  Tuesday  evening,  last  week,  the  employes  of  the 
Maidstone  Corporation  Tramways  held  a  very  successful  concert, 
promoted  by  the  members  of  the  Sports  Club.  The  room  was  taste- 
fully decorated,  and  during  the  interval  refreshments  were  served. 
The  general  manager  furnished  the  company  with  tobacco  and 
cigarettes.  After  a  few  remarks  by  the  chairman  (Mr.  A.  T. 
Lambert,  general  manager),  a  programme  of  music  and  song  was 
carried  out  in  an  excellent  manner.  We  understand  that  motorman 
W.  Hayes  "simply  brought  the  'depot'  down  with  his  patter  song, 
'  The  Inquisitive  Kiddy.'  " 

Large      Continental      Tarbo  -  Alternators.  —  The 

RheiniBch-\\'estfali8che  central  station,  which  was  the  first  in 
Germany  -to  employ  10,000h,p.  turbines,  now  possesses  three 
30,000- H. P.  turbo-alternators,  each  of  which  is  rated  at  21,500 
K.v. A.— '.('.,  about  15,000  KW.  at  0'7  power  factor.  The  overload 
capacity  of  the  turbines  and  generators  is  25  per  cent.  Two  of 
these  sets  have  been  in  satisfactory  operation  at  Dusseldorf-Reishoh 
since  last  summer,  and  the  third  set  is  to  be  placed  in  service  at 
Essen.  The  Dusseldorf  station  is  interesting  in  that  its  generating 
equipment  is  entirely  driven  by  turbines,  and  includes  three  7,150- 
K.v.A.  units  (5,000  KW.  at  0'7  p.f.),  and  the  two  new  units  men- 
tioned above.  There  is,  therefore,  available  in  five  set",  60,000  k.v.a. 
or  45000  KW.  at  07  power  factor.  The  power  house  measures 
80  X  180  ft.  The  various  auxiliary  pumps  are  driven  by  steam 
turbines  or  electric  motors,  and  for  thepe  auxiliary  services  each 
15,000-KW.  set  requires  280  k\v.  and  1,100,000  gallons  of  water  per 
hour.  Generation  is  at  5,250  volts,  three-phase,  and  excitation  at 
220  volts.  Comparing  the  dimensions  of  the  new  sets  with  those 
of  the  5,000-KW.  units,  the  remarkable  advances  embodied  in  the 
construction  of  the  former  may  be  realised  : — 

15,000  KW.  at  COB  >p  =  0-7.    5,000  KW.  at  cos  j,  =  07. 
Length.        Width.  Length.        Width. 

Maters.  Ft.    In,        Ft.    in.  Ft.    in.        Ft.    in. 

A.E.G 50     2         15     7  39     0         13     4 

Brown-Boveri     49  10         14     0  49     1         12     4 

Escher-Wyssand  Siemens- 

Rchuckert 51     0        14     6  49     1         12     4 

—EJ.Z, 
(Continued  on  page  363.) 


Vol.72.    No.  1,840,  FKnuuARVL'.M,  nnit.i     'pHB    ELKCTRTCAIj     KI^yVIEW. 


849 


TWO    EUROPEAN    SINGLE  PHASE    RAILWAYS. 


The  Millniicdltl  Khcti)i-  RaUiruij. — This  niilwiiy  system 
bc'twocn  Innsbruck  Scliurnitz  -  (larniiscli  -  I'iirtcnkirclien- 
(iriessen  and  Ivoiitte  is  sub-divided  into  four  lines ;  the 
eastern  lino  from  Innsbruck  to  Scharnitz,  ;i:!  km.  long,  is 
fro(|uent!y  referred  to  as   tlie  Karweiidcl    Iv'iiiiway,  and,  like 


own,  which  is  situated  about  0  km.  to  the  south  of  Inns- 
bruck in  the  vicinity  of  the  .Sill  Works,  and  utilises  the 
power  of  the  Uuctzbacli,  a  river  close  to  the  Sill. 

In  the  Ruetz  Works  two  l,()O0-u.i'.  Voith-I'elton  turbines 
have  been  installed  for  tlie  time  beinj;,  which  arc  direct- 
coupled  to  singlc-plias(!  generators  with  continuous  outputs 
of  3, ()()(»  K.v.A.  and  maximum  outputs  r)f  4,.'j00  k.v  a.  The 
turbines  and  generators  have  Ijeen  designed  with  due  regard 
to  the  special  conditions  involved  in  railway  operation, 
so  that  the  plant  cannot  be  endangered  by  heavy   short- 


Typicai,  View,  Mittenwald  Railway,  Showing  Power 
Transmission  Line. 


Loco.  Transformer,  with  Tank  Removed. 


tlie  western  line,  32  km.  long,  from  Reutte  to  (Iriessen, 
passes  through  Austrian  territory  ;  between  these  lines  comes 
the  Scharnitz-( iriessen  section,  which  runs  through  Bavaria 
and  has  a  length  of  about  40  km.  This  curious  inter- 
connection of  the  sections  lying  in  different  countries  is,  of 
course,  emphasised  in  the  electrical 
equipment  and  the  arrangement  of  the 
service. 

On  the  Austrian  sections  there  are  1 N 
tunnels  with  a  total  length  of  4,30") 
metres,  one  of  which  alone  is  1,787 
metres  long.  In  addition  there  are 
numerous  viaducts  and  bridges. 

The  constructional  difficulties  formed 
one  of  the  reasons  for  the  selection  of 
electric  traction.  This,  in  fact,  allowed 
the  railway  track  to  be  better  adapted 
to  the  nature  of  the  ground  and  per- 
mitted a  gradient  of  36'4  per  inille 
to  be  used  on  a  large  scale  :  the  rail- 
way readies  a  height  of  1,185  metres 
above  sea  level  at  Seefeld,  so  that  in  a 
distance  of  21-2  km.  a  difference  of 
(iOO  metres  has  to  be  overcome.  The 
adoption  of  steam  traction  would  have 
necessitated  the  lengthening  of  the  line 
by  at  least  4  km.  just  at  the  most 
difficult  part,  and  the  saving  effected 
amounted  to  more  than  the  total  cost  of 
the  electrical  equipment.  Another 
factor  making  electric  traction  more 
economical  is  the  cheap  water  power, 
the  Tyrol  occupying  a  still  more  un- 
favourable geographical  position  as  regards  coal  supply 
than  the  adjoining  country  of  Bavaria. 

The  jMittenwald  Railway  possesses  a  power  station  of  its 


circuits  or  sudden  alterations  of  load.  The  generatoi-s, which 
ran  at  a  speed  of  300  r.i'.ji.,  have  six  poles  corresponding 
to  the  frequency  of  1 .')  cycles  per  second,  which  entails  a 
somewhat  higher  cost  as  compared  with  the  four-pole  type, 
but  enables  the  pole  cores  to  be  fixed  with  absolute  rigidity 


Generator  for  the  Ruetz  Power  Station  in  the  Shops. 


to  the  rotor  hub.  The  generators  are  wound  for  a  pressure  of 
3,000  volts,  and  are  self-ventilated,  the  magnet  wheel  being 
fitted  with  fan  blades,  and  the  stator  encloseil  by  covers. 


350 


THE     ELECTKICAL     REVIEW.     [Vol.  72.    No.  1,840,  February  28,  1913. 


Rotor  for  800-h.p.  JIotor. 


On  entering  the 
power  station,  one 
is  struck  by  the 
perfectly  noiseless 
running  of  the 
generators.  The 
energy  from  each 
generator  is  led 
to  a  transformer 
which  raises  the 
pressure  to  50,000 
volts ;  from  the 
point  of  view  of 
the  switchgear. 
each  generator 
forms  a  separ- 
ate unit  with  its 
transformer.  As 
there  are,  there- 
fore, no  bus-bars  or 
switches  for  :^,000 
volts,  extreme 
simplicity  in 
switching  opera- 
tions is  ensured. 

Each  transformer 
has  the  same  maximum 
output  as  the  gene- 
rator, the  continuous 
rating,  however,  is 
1 ,800  K.V.A.  The 
transformers  are 
of  the  core  type 
with  disk  wind- 
ings and  have  oil 
and  water  cooling. 
The  core  with  its 
windings  is  23  tons 
in  weight.  Each 
transformer  is  placed 
in  a  separate  fire- 
proof compartment 
provided  with  an 
effective  air  circula- 
tion ;  the  .50,000- 
volt  switchgear  is 
also  enclosed  in  con- 
crete cells,  so  arranged 
that  the  switchrooro, 
in  the  event  of  a 
breakdown,  may  be 
entered  from  two 
sides  without  danger. 
Switches  are  only 
provided    on    the 


800-n.p.  Loco.-MoTOR  on  Test-Bed. 


r)0,000-volt  side  ;  for  the  transmission  line  these  switches 
are  doubled. 

All  switches  have  eleetroniagnetic  remote  ('ontrol  operated 
from  the  switchboard  in  the  engine-room  :  they  are  fitted 
with  automatic  overload  releases  which  can  be  adjusted  for  a 
time  limit  and  are  also  arranged  for  hand  operation. 
Lightning  arresters,  excess  pressure  dischargers  and  choking 
coils  for  checking  short-circuits  are  provided. 

The  energy  generated  at  the  power  station  is  carried  by 
a  50,000-voit  line  to  two  transformer  stations  where  it  is 
stepped  down  to  the  contact  line  pressure  of  ir),00o  volts. 
The  transformer  stations,  which  will  also  supply  current  to 
the  Bavarian  line  pending  the  completion  of  the  Walschensee 
Works,  are  situated  at  Keith,  10  km.  from  the  Eastern,  and 
at  Schanz,  3"3  km.  from  the  "Western  boundary  of 
Austria. 

The  transmission  line,  which  is  carried  mainly  on  the 
poles  for  the  overhead  contact  line,  consists  of  two  wires, 
each  having  a  section  of  35  sq.  mm.  Only  the  connection 
between  the  power  station  and  the  railway  track  (about 
(■)  km.  in  length)  is  carried  on  a  separate  line  of  poles. 

The  first  important  section  of  the  50,00i)-volt  line  is 
situated  in  a  desolate  district,  which  is  ditiScult  of  access  in 
winter  ;  increased  care  was,  therefore,  required  in  its  design 
and  construction.     On  this   account,  the  line  in   this  part 

consists  of  three 
wires,  two  of  which 
are  usually  in  ser- 
vice, the  third  serv- 
ing as  reserve  to  re- 
place a  defective 
wire. 

As  a  protection 
against  atmospheric 
discharges,  a  copper 
earthing  wire  is 
mounted  above  the 
ir.T.  line  on  the  tops 
of  the  poles,  and  is 
carefully  earthed  to 
the  depth  of  ground 
water  at  each  pole. 
Lattice  poles  are  em- 
l)loyed  exclusively 
for  carrying  the  line, 
and  are  erected  at 
distances  of  xO 
metres  apart ;  every 
fourth  or  sixth  pole 
will  stand  firm,  even 


Locomotive  and  Train,  Mittenwald  Railway. 


No.  1,81(1,  KiciiittiArtY  liH,  i;»i:(. 


TnK   vAAwnacMi  RRvrF;\v. 


wluui  till!  line,  breaks  Oil  oik^  side,  the  iiiUTiiiediiite  poles  lieiiif,' 
llexihlc.  Tlio  r)(»,()()()-volL  line,  for  tli(^  seotion  from  h-h  km. 
to  1  (■>•;!  km.  on  tlie  IniiHbruck-Seliiiniit/,  line,  liiis  also  liccn 
erected  on  ii  special  row  of  poles,  the  niiinlier  and  lenj^tli  of 
tunnels  in  this  section  being  too  con- 
siderable for  the  line  to  be  laid  out  on 
th(i  contact  line  supports. 

( >n  account  of  the  transmission  pres- 
sure of  5(»,()()0  volts,  whicli  is  rather 
high  for  ('(mtinental  practice,  8])cci!il 
care  had  to  be  taken  in  choosing  a  suit- 
able type  of  insulator,  as  far  at  least  as 
its  mechanical  strength  was  concerned. 
The  overhead  line  follows  a  series  of 
sharp  curves,  and  the  poles  have  to 
stand  the  jerks  produced  by  the 
swift  motion  of  the  current  collectors. 
Investigation  showed  that  only  chain- 
link  (disk)  insulators  would  stand 
this  heavy  stress,  no  part  of  these 
insulators  being  exposed  to  traction 
or  inflection  strains.  The  type  of 
insulator  ultimately  developed  by  the 
A. E.G. -Union  Co.  possesses  a  breaking 
strength  of  7,800  to  8,000  kg. 
with  a  weight  of  only  2-8  kg.  More- 
over, it  also  possesses  excellent  insu- 
lating qualities. 

An  essential  difference  between  this  insulator  and  those 
used  by  American  engineers  is  that  the  channels  are  not  of 
circular  cross-section,  and  instead  of  a  wire  rope  exposed 
to  rusting,  steel  bands  applied  throughout  their  width  on 
the  porcelain  (so  as  not  to  injure  the  enamel)  are  used  to  fix 
it.  After  fitting  the  insulators  in  position,  the  channels 
are  filled  in,  thus  preventing  any  water  from  entering  and 
freezing  within  the  insulator.  Another  distinctive  feature 
is  the  flexible  armature  of  the  insulator,  which  absorbs  all 
shocks,  thus  preventing  any  damage  to  the  enamel. 

Chain  suspensions,  without  any  automatic  tightening 
devices,  are  used  for  the  contact  wire,  which  is  exclusively 
carried  by  lattice  poles. 

The  rolling  stock  of  the  IMittenwald  railway  at  present 
comprises  nine  locomotives,  each  of  a  normal  output  of 
800  H.p.  As  previously  mentioned,  the  maximum  gradient 
of  SC'-t  per  mille  is  found  extensively  on  this  railway  ;  each 
locomotive  will  haul  over  this  gradient  a  gross  train  weight 
of  124  tons  at  about  30  km.  per  hour,  which  corresponds 
to  a  tractive  effort  of  about  7,r)00  kg.  What  this 
performance  really  means  will  be  gathered  from  the  fact  that 
the  locomotives  during  several  months'  experimental  work 
on  the  Dessau-Bitterfeld  Railway  hauled  goods  trains  of 
1,100  tons  in  schedule  time  over  the  level  track. 

Each  locomotive,  inclusive  of  the  driver  and  the  oil  and 
sanding  tanks  has  a  weight  of  r)3  tons  in  working  order. 

The  current  is  taken  off  the  overhead  wire  by  two  bow 


collectorH  (;ach  having  two  sliding  Hectioim,  and  Ih  con- 
ducted by  a  bare  high-tension  wire  arranged  above  the  roof, 
to  a  lightning  arrester  chokinir  coil,  and  tlicnr*  into  a 
transformer  room  where  tlii;  liiur  is  connecU-d  up  t^i  the  it.r. 


Contact  Line  at  Shunting  Station,  Mittknwalu  Railwav. 


Gransherred 


Notodden 
Hitferdalsvand 


The  Rjukan  Single-phase  Railway. 


Arrangement  op  Contact  Line,  Saaheim  Station  ;  R.iukan  Railway. 


oil  switch.  The  latter 
has  a  quadruple 
break,  and  includes 
an  extra  resistance 
for  reducing  any 
strain  produced  in 
switching  in  the 
transformer.  From 
the  front  driver's 
platform  the  oil 
switch  is  operated 
directly  by  the 
switch  lever  :  from 
the  rear  platform  it 
is  switched  out  by 
a  button  fed  through 
a  series  resistance 
from  the  controller 
coil,  while  a  lever 
system  is  used  for 
switching  in.  Be- 
tween the  lightning 
arrester  coil  and  the 
oil  switch  there  is 
inserted    a   grounding 


352 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.     [Vol.  72.    No.  1,840,  February  28,  1913. 


switch  operated  automatically  as  soon  as  the  protective  cap 
of  the  oil  switch  is  removed. 

The  driving  motor  is  a  12-pole  single-phase  commutator 
machine  of  SOU  ii.i'.  normal  output,  at  a  speed  of  ;}0  km.  jier 
hour.  It  is  designed  on  the  A. E.G.  system,  in  accordance  with 
whicli    (contrary   to    directly-fed   pure   series   motors),  the 


Single-phase  Locojiotive,  R.iukan  RAiLWAi. 

current  in  the  armature  is  induced  by  transformer  effects. 
The  rotor  winding  is,  in  fact,  closed  by  short-circuiting 
brushes,  thus  obtaining  the  secondary  winding  of  a  trans- 
former, the  primary  winding  of  which  is  the  field  winding  of 
the  stator. 

Excitation  is  effected  from  the  rotor,  current  being 
supplied  to  the  armature  through  another  pair  of  brushes 
from  a  special  exciter  transformer  connected  up  in  series 
with  the  stator  winding.  The  armature  slots  are  nearly 
closed,  and  are  arranged  slanting  to  the  direction  of  the 
axis. 

Regulation  of  the  motor  speed  is  effected  by  altering  the 
supply  pressure  by  means  of  contactor  switches,  which  are  con- 
nected up  to  tappings  of  the  power  and  exciter  transformers, 
and  are  actuated  by  the  controlling  current.  The  control- 
ling current  is  derived  from  a  special  (300-volt)  coil  of  the 
power  transformer. 

Each  of  the  two  controllers  has  two  separate  switch- 
drums,  one  of  which  operates  the  contactor  switch  of  the 
po.ver  transformer,  and  serves  to  regulate  the  power  con- 
sumption, whereas  the  other  operates  the  exciter  switches, 
thus  controlling  excitation.  The  exciter  drum  moves  the 
reverser  into  its  proper  position  in  a  preliminary  stage  to 
"  forward  "  and  "  backward  "  respectively.  Each  of  the 
two  switch-drums  is  entirely  self-contained,  so  that  any 
position  of  one  can  be  combined  with  any  position  of  the 
other,  tlius  obtaining  a  minimum  k.v.a.  consumption  for  each 
speed  of  the  motor. 

The  contactor  switches  are  electrically  interlocked  bv 
auxiliary  contacts,  so  that  the  woiking  of  any  one  group 
interrupts  all  the  remaining  switch  coils. 


circuit  and  are  titted  with  hand  switches.  All  these  circuits 
are  fed  from  the  ;5U0-volt  controller  coil,  which  has  a  1  !)-volt 
tapping  for  the  lighting  circuit.  The  motor-compressor, 
which  supplies  compressed-air  for  the  AVestinghouse  and 
Henry  l)rakes,  as  well  as  for  actuating  the  current  collectors, 
Sanders  and  signal  whistles,  is  thrown  into  and  out  of  circuit 
automatically. 

Each  of  the  radiators  provided  for  heating  the  locomotives 
has  an  output  of  1  kw.  Heating  sockets  are  provided  at  the 
ends  of  the  locomotives  for  heating  the  train,  which  are  con- 
nected up  to  the  cars  by  coupling  cables. 

Thr  l{iiil;an  Rdilirui/. — This  is  the  first  standard  gauge 


Showing  Arua.soexiext  of  Bogie  Truck. 


Provision  is  made  for  two  locomotives  to  be  joined  up  in 
multiple  connection  for  hauling  train  weights  of  up  to 
:.'.")0  tons.  This  arrangement  allows  both  locomotives  to  be 
controlled  l)y  a  single  driver.  The  conductors  for  tlie  motor- 
compressor  and  the  lighting  and  heating  of  the  locomotives 
are  connected  up  to  the  same  switchboard  with  the  controller 


TUNXKL    ON   THE   R.IIKAN    RAILWAY,    NEAR   XOTODDEN. 

electric  railway  in  the  South  of  Norway  to  be  installed  on 
the  single-phase  system.  It  comprises  two  sections 
separated  by  the  Tinn  Tiake,  the  northern  section  (from 
Saaheim  to  the  Tinn  T^ake)  being  the  Yestfjorddals  Rail- 
way, li;  km.  in  length,  and  the  southern  section,  ai)Out 
;')()  km.  long,  the  Tinnos  TJailway,  running  from  Tinnoset 
to  Xotodden,  along  the  Hitterdals  Lake. 
A  ferry  across  the  Tinn  l^ake  will  con- 
nect the  two  sections. 

The     Rjukan     Railway     is     mainly 
intended  for  the  transport  of  the  arti- 
ficial saltpetre  manufactured  in  .Saaheim, 
j^  to  Xotodden.     Trains  with  a  maximum 

l\  trailer   weight   of  l'!)0  tons   are  drawn 

1\  on  the  section  from  Xotodden  to  Lille- 

Vl  herred,  which  has  a  constant  gradient  of 

about  2'7  per  cent,  by  two  locomotives, 
^^^  and   on   the    remaining    sections    by    a 

SPJHh  single  locomotive. 

^j™  The  rolling  stock  comprises  three  four- 

axle,  and  two  two-axle  locomotives. 
The  former  have  two  bogie  trucks,  and 
are  fitted  with  four  alternating-current 
motors,  each  having  an  liourly  rating  of 
125  II.I'.,  and  weighing  approximately 
KJtons.  The  two-axle  locomotives  have 
motors  of  the  same  size,  and  weigh  about  23  tons. 
The  locomotives  are  constructed  for  a  line  pressure  of 
10,000  to  11,000  volts,  1")  to  IG  cycles,  and  are  designed 
for  contactor  control. 

The  track  e(iuipment  consists  of  a  single  catenary  sus- 
pension overhead  contact  line,  the  distance  between  the  poles 


two 


Vol.72.   No.  i,84(.,FKBnrAUT2H,  101,1 1    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


lieiiig  about  (10  lueLics.  On  some  BectioiiH  bracket siispenHion 
is  1180(1,  while  on  othors  crosB-susjjcnBion  in  oniployecl.  Wo 
ilhifitratc  the  form  of  suspension  adopted  for  tlio  overhead 
line  in  a  tunnel. 

The  power  supply  is  derived  from  a  separate  converter 
station  for  each  section  of  the  line,  only  .>()  cycles,  three- 
phase  current  at  a  pressure  of  10,000  to  1 1,000  volts  bcinj^ 
availaljlc  ;  the  converter  station  feedinj,'  the  northern  section 
is  situated  at  Vcstrjorddulcn,  and  contains  two  converter  sets. 
Each  of  these  comprises  a  three-phase  transformer  which 
steps  down  the  pressure  from  10,000  to  5,000  volts,  and 
feeds  an  asynchronous  motor  driving  an  alternating-current 
generator  with  an  output  of  400  k.v.a.,  which  supplies  the 
line.  The  converter  station  receives  its  energy  from  the 
Rjukan  power  station,  which  is  about  '^  km.  distant. 

Tlie  southern  section  is  fed  from  the  Svaelgfos  converter 
station,  which  is  situated  in  the  same  building  as  the  power 
station  and  consists  of  three  converter  sets  similar  to  those 
above  described. 

Both  the  railways  described  were  equipped  by  the  A. E.G. 


NOTES. 


{Continued  from  page  348.) 

Wholesale  Traders'  AssociatioD. — AVe  have  received 

a  copy  of  the  report  which  waa  adopted  at  the  annual  meeting  of 
this  Association,  which  watches  over  the  interests  of  the  hardware, 
furaishinjj  and  metal  industries  (and  has  an  Electrical  Trades 
Section),  at  Birmingham  on  Monday.  The  number  of  inquiries 
as  to  status  of  customers  handled  during  the  year  was  127,840.  In 
regard  to  "  long  firms  "  who  are  continually  defrauding  the  trading 
community,  it  is  remarked  that  ''  in  most  instances  these  frauds 
could  be  checked  in  their  earlier  stages  if  only  victims  would  at 
once  lay  the  circumstances  before  the  Association  and  co-operate 
with  its  officers  in  bringing  the  offenders  to  justice."  In  the  debt 
recovery  department,  there  were  placed  in  its  hands  for  collection 
during  the  year  34,600  debts,  amounting  in  all  to  £283,341,  out  of 
which  no  less  than  £174,873  was  recovered  without  legal  proceed- 
ings. A  speciality  is  made  of  collection  of  debts  in  Scotland, 
Ireland,  and  abroad.  Mr.  T.  Cumberland  is  the  chairman  of  the 
Association,  and  Mr.  C.  G.  Poppleton  is  secretary.  The  ofiBces  are 
at  26,  Corporation  Street,  Birmingham. 

The    Manchester    Electro-Harmonic    Society. — We 

congratulate  this  Society  on  its  most  successful  concert,  held  on 
Friday  evening  last.  We  understand  that  it  was  undoubtedly  the 
best  of  the  season.  The  large  audience,  something  like  over  300 
being  present,  was  a  very  gratifying  feature,  and  further  members 
were  enrolled.  The  programme  consisted  of  classical  music  for 
strings  and  piano,  interspersed  with  high-class  songs,  while  we 
have  it  on  the  best  of  authority  that,  perhaps,  the  finest  item  was  Mr. 
Hamilton  Harris's  rendering  of  Schubert's  "  The  Wanderer." 
Amongst  the  audience  were  Alderman  Walker  (vice-chairman  of 
the  Electricity  Committee),  Mr.  Eckstein,  Mr.  Bruce  Anderson 
and  Councillor  Westcott.  In  the  unfortunate  absence  of  Mr. 
Pearce,  Mr.  William  Cramp  took  the  chair,  and  his  masterly  control 
of  the  meeting  assisted  in  a  very  great  measure  to  make  the  success 
of  the  evening.  A  vote  of  thanks  was  accorded  to  the  musical 
diiector  (Mr.  W.  J.  Smith)  and  Mr.  J.  HUl' (secretary)  with  great 
acclamation.  Mr.  .J.  W.  Rook  (of  London)  proposed,  and  Mr.  T. 
Cart  Wright  (of  Glasgow)  seconded,  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  chair- 
man, which  was  equally  well  received,  and  carried  with  musical 
honours.  The  next  concert,  and  the  last  of  the  season,  will  be  held 
on  March  28th,  when  Mr.  T.  S.  Sells  will  be  in  the  chair. 

Xew  Associations. — The  inaugural  meeting  of  the 
Production  Managers'  Association  was  held  yesterday  (Thursday) 
evening,  at  the  Holbom  Restaurant,  when,  after  various  proceedings 
had  been  carried  through  relative  to  the  formation  of  the  associa- 
tion, it  was  intended  to  have  a  discussion,  introduced  by  Mr.  J.  W. 
Stannard,  on  "  American  Methods  r.  British  Conditions."  The 
secretary  pro  tern,  is  Mr.  Chas,  F.  Warren,  of  42,  Queen  Anne's 
Chambers,  S.W. 

We  have  received  a  lengthy  communication  from  Mr.  J.  Suther- 
land Warner,  with  reference  to  "  The  Associated  Manufacturers  of 
Tramway  and  Railway  Material,"  of  the  Council  of  which  he  is 
chairman.  He  says  that :  "  Having  regard  to  the  enormous  annual 
purchases  made  by  tramway  and  railway  oificials,  and  the  weU- 
known  difficulties  experienced  in  framing  specifications  and  suit- 
able standard  clauses  governing  conditions  of  tender,  acceptance 
and  completion  of  contracts,  those  officials  who  act  as  purchasers 
have  every  right  to  expect  of  the  manufacturers  some  authoritative 
expression  upon  standard  forms  of  clauses,  acceptable  alike  to  both 
buyer  and  seller.  In  almost  every  industry  to-day  the  work  of 
association  for  the  concrete  expression  of  views  is  being  per- 
formed." The  writer  states  that  it  is  only  by  a  recognised  association 
that  such  work  as  the  settlement  of  acceptable  standard  clauses,  &:c., 
can  be    arranged    for    and    maintained,    and    occasional    sjfecial 


rofercnccH  on  extraordinary  pointH  reooivc  r«'pre»«!ntativ<;  cinnirlera- 
tion  leading  to  Hinooth  working,  and  the  avoidance  of  dixput/'H. 

"  The  Huhjoct  of  ozhibitionH,  their  Hupport  and  encouragement, 
will  receive  considoration  from  time  to  time. 

"  ExhibitionH,  for  the  manufacturer,  invariably  involve  a  very 
appr<^ciabl()  burden  of  dirwit  expenditure,  not  alone  in  money,  but 
of  time  and  energies,  uxually  of  their  most  at>Ie  offlcialn  ;  mo  that 
however  benefioial  exhiWlion  gatheringH  may  be  to  buyer  or  to 
Hcller,  there  is  a  limit  beyond  which  the  dinadvantagen  outweigh 
the  good  which  the  industry  may  effectively  derive.  Furthermore, 
many  of  the  large  International  Exhibitions  are  a  comparatively 
worthless  burden  upon  manufacturera  of  tramway  and  railway 
material,  and  it  is  necessary  that  the  decision  of  the  AsAociation 
should  be  issued  a/ivising  manufacturers  whether  to  partake 
in  any  particular  exhibition  or  not.  The  Council  having  been 
influenced  by  the  fact  that  manufacturers  other  than  British  ih> 
actually  take  their  part  in  the  supplies  of  tramway  and  railway 
material  purchased  in  (Ireat  Britain,  they  have  decided  to  admit  to 
the  Association,  and  thereby  control,  foreign  manufacturers.  The 
Council  have  noted  with  admiration  the  well -recognised  work  of 
the  British  Electrical  and  Allied  Manufacturers'  Associatior,  to 
whom  they  will  probably  look,  not  without  avail,  for  advice  and 
assistance  in  relation  to  the  particular  electrical  specialities 
enumerated  in  the  publications  of  that  Associat  ion  ;  but  in  regard 
particularly  to  the  enormous  quantities  and  kinds  of  manufacture 
for  tramways  and  railways  other  than  electrical,  it  is  felt  that  a 
purely  British  policy  would  be  narrow  to  a  decidedly  detrimental 
degree.  '  An  examination  of  the  lists  of  membership  of  Associa- 
tions which  are  avowedly  "  British  "  reveals  the  prominent  position 
taken  by  members  who  can  by  no  proper  construction  be  lending 
their  aid  out  of  an  enthusiasm  for  the  British,  unless  it  be  taken  to 
mean  the  British  buyer.'  " 

We  learn  that  many  influential  manufacturers  are  already 
members;  the  subscription  is  £2  2s.  annually,  and  further 
particulars  may  be  obtained  from  Mr.  Wm.  Hopkins,  Hon.  Sec.  of 
the  Association,  Westminster  Palace  Hotel,  Westminster,  S.W. 

A  Siemens  Concert. — The  directors  and  staff  of  Messrs. 
Siemens  Brothers  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works, 
Ltd.,  are  holding  a  smoking  concert  in  the  King's  Hall,  Holbom 
Restaurant,  on  Wednesday,  March  19th,  at  7  p.m.  Mr.  Alexander 
Siemens  will  be  in  the  chair.  The  artistes  are  as  follows  : — Mr. 
Harry  Gooding's  Imperial  Orchestra ;  Miss  Annie  Bartle,  Miss  Olive 
Fox,  Mr.  Ivor  Walters,  Mr.  Thomas  Howell,  Mr.  Will  Edwards,  Mr. 
Ernest  Hastings,  Mr.  J.  P.  Ling,  Mr.  Jock  Walker  and  Mr.  Mansell 
Stevens.  Mr.  George  Lakeman,  of  the  '"  Owls  "  Musical  Society,  is 
honorary  musical  director.  From  the  foregoing  it  will  be  obvious 
that  the  evening  should  be  a  most  enjoyable  one.  With  feelings  of 
regret,  be  it  stated,  the  stern  necessities  of  editorial  life  will  compel 
us  at  the  hour  of  King's  Hall  to  be  correcting  proofs  the  while  the 
printer's  representative  waits  imperiously  at  our  elbow.  However, 
may  there  be  a  good  time  for  everybody,  and  if  we  can  by  any 
chance  escape  the  printer's  leash,  we'll  be  there. 

Educational    Notes. — South-Western    Polytechnic 

Institute,  Chelsea.  —  Sir  G.  Alfred  Cripps,  K.CV.O.,  will 
present  prizes  and  certificates  to  students  of  evening  classes  and 
day  College  on  March  14th,  at  8  p.m.  The  laboratories  and 
workshops,  including  the  new  building,  will  be  open  to  public 
inspection  at  about  9.1.5  p.m. 

Appointments  Vacant.  —  Fire  wire  lineman,  for  the 
Ley  ton  U.D.C.  (32s.)  ;  rolling  stock  and  works  superintendent,  for 
the  Liverpool  Corporation  Tramways  (£350)  ;  correspondence  clerk 
for  the  Corporation  Electricity  and  Tramways  Department 
(Swindon)  (£58  lOs.)    See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

The  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  are  now- 
advertising  vacancies  for  junior  assistant  engineers,  and  the  pay  for 
the  first  year  has  been  increased  by  5s.  per  week,  making  the  terms 
now  15s.  per  week  for  the  first  year  and  20s.  per  week  for  the 
second  year.  The  area  of  supply  of  the  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  its  associated  companies,  now  covers 
about  700  square  miles.  At  the  present  time  large  extensions  are 
taking  place. 

Inquiry. — The  makers  of  the  "  Oldham  "  coupling  are 
asked  for. 

Business   Announcement. — The  British  Thomsox- 

HorsTON  Co.,  Ltd.,  announce  that  the  telephone  numbers  of  their 
Birmingham  branch  office  have  been  altered  from  "  1016  Midland  " 
to  "  Midland  2401  and  2402." 

Profit  Sharinj^   and    the  Workman. — One  of    the 

greatest  difficulties  in  dealing  with  workmen,  says  a  corres- 
pondent, is  the  curious  and  multifarious  complexity  of  the  minds  of 
working  men.  "  Those  who  have  had  much  to  do  with  this  branch 
of  the  human  family  will  agree  that  there  are  peculiar  modes  of 
thought.  One  of  the  particularly  curious  cases  which  came 
directly  under  the  writer's  notice  was  that  of  one  of  his  own  men, 
who  had  been  at  one  time  a  soldier  in  India.  He  could,  amongst 
other  things,  set  bricks  in  cement  mortar  as  well  as  a  regular 
bricklayer,  and  would  do  so  to  get  his  employer  out  of  the  hands  of 
the  Union  on  such  few  minor  jobs  as  came  along  necessitating 
any  brickwork.  But  he  could  set,  or  did  set,  many  times  more 
bricks  per  day  than  the  Trade  Union  bricklayer  would,  or 
could.  His  regular  wage  was  35s.  per  week,  and  his  work  was  of  a 
special  kind,  which  has  usually  been  done  by  men  of  the  labouring 
class  who  have  shown  special  aptitude,  and  have  drifted  into  the 
work  more  or  less  casually.  The  rate  at  which  the  man  worked 
was  very  much  less  than  what  he  could  easily  manage,  and,  con- 


354 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE'\T:EW.    [Voi.72.  No.  i.sio,  febeuahy  28, 1913. 


vinced  that  more  work  could  easily  be  done,  the  same  man  was 
promised  one  penny  per  nnit  for  every  unit  he  did.  This  was  to  be 
additional  to  his  wages,  which  still  remained  at  35s.  even 
if  no  units  of  work  were  accomplished,  as  mipht  happen 
if  a  breakdown  occurred.  The  first  week  on  the  new 
system  showed  -18  units  of  work  done,  and  the  man 
received  3;ts.  The  next  week  only  L'4  units  were  done,  owing  to 
some  special  difficulty.  His  pay  was,  therefore,  37s.  This  begran 
the  trouble.  He  had  "  been  done  out  of  2s.,"  and  was  miserable 
and  discontented,  and  declared  he  would  have  no  more  of  it,  but 
would  gfo  back  to  his  repolar  pay  of  35s.,  and  would  not  have  any 
bonus.  Now,  in  two  weeks  he  had  averag-ed  over  8  per  cent,  addi- 
tional pay,  and  he  was  upset  by  it.  He  could  not  stand  an 
irregular  rate  of  pay,  thouffh  he  was  never  to  have  less  than  his 
old  3is.  It  seems  incomprehensible,  but  the  above  are  the  facts, 
and  there  was  nothin<r  said  to  the  man  to  cause  discontent. 

'■  The  same  man  having  one  week  to  receive  3il3.  lid.  for  wages 
and  certain  expenses  was  given  a  couple  of  sovereigns,  and  asked 
for  the  change  of  Id.  Nothing  could  get  it  from  him.  He  could 
not  give  back  a  penny  without  feeling  injured  ;  and  when  it  was 
pressed  for,  he  finally  parted  with  a  curious  bit  of  elliptical  copper 
bar  bearing  an  Indian  device,  and  collected  by  him  years  before. 
This  is  still  in  the  writer's  possession,  and  serves  as  a  reminder  of 
what  a  workman  will  do. 

"  Recently  a  man  came  literally  begging  for  a  job.  He  was  given 
one.  By  luck  he  got  another  job  before  the  next  day,  when  he  was 
to  have  made  a  start.  He  did  not  even  inform  the  man  who  had 
given  him  the  first  job,  but  left  him  to  find  it  out  by  not  turning 
up  to  the  job.  Thus,  the  employer  was  left  in  the  lurch.  The 
same  man,  only  a  few  days  ago,  was  begging  again  for  a  job  from 
the  very  man  he  had  served  so  badly. 

"  Thus,  these  two  men  afford  three  instances  of  the  workman's 
ways  of  thought,  and  probably  every  employer  could  add  numbers 
of  cases  equally  curious  and  puzzling.  Schemes  for  profit  sharing 
only  upset  great  numbers  of  the  men  to  whom  they  are  offered,  and 
are  better  left  alone.  Many  men  on  receiving  a  bonus  will  go  and 
spend  it  forthwith  on  a  fiery  fuddle,  and  then  curse  the  man  who 
has  brought  them  to  this  state  by  disturbing  the  regrular  stream  of 
wage-earning  life.  When  sober  again  they  will  curse  their  careful 
fellowmen  who  have  saved  the  bonus.  Now,  the  Trade  Unions 
appear  to  be  dominated  by  men  of  a  curious  twist  of  mind, 
and  the  fairest  systems  of  profit  sharing  stand  a  poor  chance  of 
success.     One  would  like  to  know  how  Sir  Geo.  Livesey  succeeded. 

"  Piecework,  of  course,  will  not  always  answer,  for  it  is  too  usual 
to  cut  the  price  when  a  man  earns  "  too  much.''  As  part  of  this 
question,  the  writer  has  been  informed  on  credible  authority  that 
there  is  a  black  list  system  in  nearly  every  town,  and  men  against 
whom  there  is  no  real  fault  to  be  found,  will  be  driven  out  of  the 
town  by  this  black  listing.  It  is  more  particularly  rife  in  the 
machine-tool  shops." 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

Ike  Editorx  iiivite  electrical  engineers,  whether  con7iected  with  th/t 
technical  or  the  commercial  side  of  the  professiim  and  industry, 
also  eUctric  tramway  and  railway  officials,  to  keep  readers  of  the 
Electrical  Review  posted  as  to  their  movements. 


Central  Station  Officials. — Appreciative  reference  was 
made  last  week  by  the  Mayor  of  Daiwen  (Mr.  Fritz  Hindle)  to  the 
work  of  Mb.  Boyce,  the  assistant  electrical  engineer,  who  is  about 
to  leave  the  town  to  take  up  the  management  of  the  electricity 
works  at  Todmorden. 

Mr.  Pkhcv  Taylob  will  be  appointed  to  succeed  Me.  Joseph 
Boyce  (now  of  Todmorden)  as  chief  assistant  engineer  at  the 
Darwen  Electricity  Works.  Mr.  Taylor  has  been  a  member  of  the 
works  staff  for  some  years. 

Me.  .1.  D.  Spabk,  assistant  mains  superintendent  at  the  Croydon 
Electricity  Works,  has  been  appointed  mains  superintendent  to  the 
Swansea  Corporation  Klectricity  Department. 

On  Friday,  February  Hth,  the  staff  at  the  St.  Pancras  Borough 
Electricity  Works  presented  to  Me.  W.  E.  Ru.s.sell,  shift  engineer, 
an  engraved  silver  cigarette  case,  on  his  leaving  to  take  up  the 
position  of  shift  engineer  at  the  Davies  Street  station  of  the  West- 
minster Electric  Supply  Corporation. 

Mb  H.  T.  Bates,  resident  engineer  at  Sutton  (Surrey)  to  the 
South  Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways  and  Lighting  Co.,  who  has 
been  appointed  resident  manager  to  the  Rothe.-ay  Tramway  Co., 
has  been  presented  by  his  colleagues  with  a  marble  clock. 

Mr.  J.  Phillip,  assistant  manager  of  the  Fife  Electric  Power 
Co.  at  Dunfermline,  has  received  an  important  appointment  under 
the  Derby  and  Nottingham  Power  Co.  He  went  to  Dunfermline 
from  Dundee. 

On  the  occasion  of  his  leaving  to  take  up  the  post  of  senior 
switchboard  attendant  to  Salford  Corporation,  Mb.  S.  R.  Howakd, 
of  the  Kilmarnock  Electricity  Works  staff,  was  on  February  i2th 
presented  by  the  members  of  the  staff  with  a  Ma-soiiic  seal  and 
travelling  bag.  Mr.  W.  C.  Bexon,  chief  engineer,  made  the  pre- 
sentation, referring  to  Mr.  Howard's  long  connection  with  the 
works.  On  February  22nd  Mb.  D.  Sinclaik,  accounts  clerk,  was 
presented  with  a  set  of  books  and  a  fountain  pen,  on  the  occa- 
sion of  his  leaving  Kilmarnock  to  take  up  a  better  position  at  the 
Worksop  U.D.C.  Electricity  Works.  Mr.  Bexon  also  made  this 
presentation,  and  said  he  was  sorry  to  lose  Mr.  Sinclair's  services. 
Mr.  Sinclair  has  been  in  the  Kilmarnock  offices  for  the  past  five 
and  a-half  years. 


Tramway  Officials.— The  L.C.C.  Hin^hways  Committee 
recommends  the  following  annual  revisions  of  tramways  depart- 
ment staff  : — Mb.  J.Tekkv,  district  traffic  superintendent,  increase 
from  £325  to  £350  a  year;  Mr.  R.  E.  Fabbridge,  assistant 
accountant,  increase  from  £325  to  £350  a  year  ;  the  salary  (£140) 
of  Mb.  T.  R.  Ieblakd,  assistant  in  Section  (a)  of  the  fourth  clasa 
in  the  tramways  department,  is  to  be  increased  to  £150  a  year. 
Special  duty  pay  is  to  be  granted  to  Me.  H.  Vobley,  accountant 
(£52  10s.),  and  JIu.  H.  Holland,  assistant  in  the  first  class  (£10). 

General. — Mr.  Stakkoru  Sinclair  has  relinquished  the 
Scottish  representation  and  management  of  Messrs.  Ward  &  Gold- 
stone,  and  for  the  present  all  correspondence  should  be  addressed 
care  of  the  Ideal  Electrical  Co..  26,  Alexandra  Park  Street,  Glasgow. 
He  will  shortly  take  up  the  representation  of  a  well-known 
manufacturer,  and  will  be  back  at  50,  Wellington  Street,  Glasgow. 

On  February  20th,  a  dinner  was  given  to  Mk.  Walter  Finlav, 
W.S.,  by  the  electrical  trade  of  the  City  of  Edinburgh.  Mr.  AJex. 
Pratt,  vice-pre.sident  of  the  Electrical  Contractors'  Association  of 
Scotland,  was  in  the  chair.  Presidents  of  several  allied  trade  asso- 
ciations were  present.  The  toasts  included  "  The  Corporation  of  the 
City  of  Edinburgh,''  proposed  by  Mr.  Basil  A.  Pilkington,  and 
responded  to  by  Councillor  F.  J.  Robertson  ;  ''  Our  Guest,"  proposed 
by  Mr.  Geo.  W'ishart,  and,  of  course,  replied  to  by  Mr.  Finlay  ;  "The 
Electrical  Trade,"  proposed  by  Mr.  R.  K.  Hill,  and  replied  to  by  Mr. 
Thomas  Wright ;  ''  Kindred  Associations,"  proposed  by  Mr.  •  J. 
Plunkett  and  responded  to  by  Mr.  Peter  Dick  ;  and  "  The  Chairman," 
moved  by  Mr.  R.  Graham.  About  50  gentlemen  were  present,  and 
during  the  evening  a  presentation  was  made  to  Mr.  Finlay  in  recog- 
nition of  his  services  to  the  Association.  In  the  course  of  some  of 
the  speeches,  a  hope  was  expressed  that  there  was  a  good  time 
coming,  when  the  Edinburgh  Corporation  would  help  rather  than 
hinder  the  efforts  of  local  firms. 

Me.  C.  H.  Gasson  has  recently  left  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Siemens 
Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  Dalston,  and  is  now  representing  the 
Imperial  Lighting  Co. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


International   Telephone   Co.,    Ltd.   (127,301).- Registered 

February  20tb,  by  W.  E.  Hart,  3,  Mincing  Lane,  E.C.  Capital  £100,  in  £\ 
shares.  Objects  :  To  acijuire  in  any  part  of  the  world  any  conoesiions,  grants, 
decrees,  riglils,  powers,  and  privileges,  for  the  construction  and  working  of  ■ 
telephone  system  or  systems,  to  establish,  control  and  regulate  telephone! 
and  works  for  the  supply  of  electric  light,  heat  and  motive  power,  to  transmij 
and  facilitate  the  transmission  of  telephonic  and  telegraphic  communications 
and  messages,  Ac,  provided  that  no  telephonic  or  telegraphic  busineps 
within  the  exclusive  privilege  conferred  upon  the  Postmaster-General  by  the 
Telephone  Acts  shall  be  carried  on  in  the  United  Kingdom  without  his 
previous  licence  or  consent.  The  signatories  (with  one  share  each)  are:— 
A.  H.  Harris,  .")8.  Brookville  Road,  Walham  Green,  8.W.,  clerk ;  J.  A.  Hewitt, 
180,  Trundleys  Road,  Deptford,  8.E.,  clerk;  A.  E.  Hurdle,  32,  Cremorne  Road, 
Cheyne  Walk,  8.W.,  clerk;  A.  Morison,  21,  Duckett  Road,  Harringay,  N., 
clerk;  R.  J.  Cocks,  37,  Lilleahall  Road,  Clapham,  B.W.,  clerk  ;  H.  Foyle,  21, 
Selhurst  Road,  Bouth  Norwood,  S.E.,  cashier ;  H.  E.  West,  19,  Kay  Road, 
Stockwell,  8.W.,  clerk.  Registered  without  articles  of  association.  The  first 
directors  are  G.  Franklin  and  J.  E.  Kingsbury. 

Scott's   starter    Syndicate,  Ltd.  (127,25r,).— This  company 

was  registered  on  February  18th,  with  a  capital  of  £6,070  in  £1  shares  (5,009 
preference)  to  acquire  the  benefit  of  certain  existing  inventions,  and  to  adopt 
agreements  (1)  with  Laurence,  Scott  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  Wm.  H.  Scott  and  (2)  with 
Laurence,  Scott  &  Co.,  Ltd  ,  relating  to  the  manufacture  of  electric  starters. 
The  subscribers  (with  one  preference  share  each)  are: — W.  H.  Scott,  Oak- 
lands,  Thorpe  St.  Andrews,  Norfolk,  engineer  ;  G.  N.  Cornwallis  Mann,  Rose- 
lands,  Albemarle  Road,  Norwich,  engineer ;  F.  W.  Doggett,  Hill  House, 
Hethersett,  Norfolk,  engineer.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is 
not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  five  ;  the  first  are  Wm.  H.  Scott,  G.  N, 
Cornwallis  Mann,  F.  W.  Doggett  and  S.  Cozens-Hardy;  Laurence,  Scott  4  Co., 
Ltd.,  may,  while  holding  50  shares,  appoint  a  director  in  place  of  8.  Cozens- 
Hardy  :  qualification,  50  shares.  Registered  offlce,  Qotbio  Works,  Thorpe, 
Norwich. 

Kine  Appliances  and  Repairs,  Ltd.  (127,323).— This  company 

was  registered  on  February  2l8t,  with  a  capital  of  £1,000  in  £1  shares  to  carry 
on  the  business  of  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  phonographic,  cinemato- 
graphic projection  and  scientific  apparatus  .ind  requisites,  electric  lamps,  4c, 
The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  ;— B.  B.  Dunning,  4.^,  St.  George's 
Square,  8.W.,  gentleman  ;  A.  B.  Allen,  20,  Endell  Street,  W.C,  instrument 
maker.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two 
or  more  than  three ;  the  first  are  B.  8.  Dunning,  A.  B.  Allen  and  W.  Smith 
(all  permanent) :  qualification,  £10.  Registered  by  F.  B.  Smith,  17,  Sunrej^ 
Street,  W.C. 

Cremer  Lamp  and  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.  (127,273).— Thii 

company  was  registered  on  February  19ili,  with  a  capital  of  £3,000  in  £1 
shares,  to  carry  on  the  business  indicated  by  the  title.  The  subscribers  (with 
one  share  each)  are:— R.  Cremer,  Highfleld,  Moortown,  Leeds,  mining 
engineer;  J.  M.  Servaes,  13,  Rumford  Place,  Liverpool,  merchant;  R.  L.  P,_ 
Bell,  79,  St.  (ieorgc's  Place,  Glasgow,  iron  the  steel  merchant, 
company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than 
five  ;  the  first  are  R.  Cremer,  J.  M.  Hervaes  and  R.  L.  P.  Bell.  Registered 
by  Jordan  4  Sons,  Ltd.,  116117,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

Lux  Lamp  and  Engineering  Co.,  of  Glasgow,  Ltd.  (8,.543). 

—This  company  was  registered  in  Ediiilmrgh  on  February  I4th,  with  a  capitil 
of  £2,000  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on  in  Glasgow  the  business  of  llgbtiriE  and  heatiD^ 
engineers.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  eaohl  are:— A.  H.  Scbow,  27,, 
Renfrew  Street,  Glasgow,  merchant;  J.  H.  Broadfoot,  27,  Renfrew  Street^ 
Glasgow,  engineer.  Private  coniiiar.y.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to. 
be  less  than  three  or  more  than  seven  ;  the  first  are  A.  H.  Bchow  and  J,  B. 
Broadfoot.    Registered  office,  27,  Renfrew  Street,  Glasgow. 

De  Coster  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (127,:m:!).— This  company  was  registered 

on  February  22nd,  with  a  capital  of  £.500  in  £1  shares  (200  preference),  to  carrj 
on  the  business  of  electrical,  gas,  hot  water  and  general  engineers,  smitbt 
and  machinists,  makers  and  patentees  of  and  dealers  in  electrical,  gas  and  bol 
water  machines  and  appliances,  4c.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each) 
are  :— J.  F.  dc  Coster,  8,  Elm  Grove,  Crioklewood,  N.W.,  electrical  engineer] 
Louisa  A.  de  Coster,  120,  Boundary  Road,  6t.  .John's  Wood,  N.W.,  draper;  Oi. 
de  Coster,  951,  Fulhani  Road,  8. W,,  draper.  Private  company.  The  nnmbet 
of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  three  ;  the  first  are  J.  F,  , 
de  Coster  and  C.  dc  Coster  ;  qualification,  one  share.  Registered  by  Scott- 
LawsoD  4  Palmer,  22,  Essex  Street,  Strand,  W.C.  t 


nth 

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Vol.72     No  1,840,  FKnuuAuy  28,  1913.1    THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


Smith    Elortricnl  Co.,    Ltd.  (l'27,:ir.:0  — TIuh    company  woh 

reKintorctl  on  ]^>l>riiiiry  'J'Jnd,  with  a  capiliil  of  XM.OfK)  in  t!\  nlinroH,  to  carry  on 
tho  l)iiHln(«8H  of  oloctrioal,  inoclianical  and  K<'noral  enKOinorri  and  mornliaiitH, 
oablo  makt'iH  and  contraetorti,  &o.  The  «ubHcrll)pr»  (with  one  nbaro  uach) 
aro  :  J.  H.  Bmltli,  10,  Robo  Mount  Tvrraoo.  KulKhlry,  olfotriclan  ;  F.  W. 
Dowbirat,  The  LImoa,  KeiKliloy,  Bolicitor.  Private  company.  Table  "  A  " 
mainly  appllca.     Itfglatored  ofncG,7,  Cavondisb  Btrcct,  Koighloy, 


OPPIOIAL    RETURNS    OP    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


Westinghoiisc    Cooper- Hewitt  Co.,  Ltd.    (Si»,947).— Capital 

£liO,OCO  in  £1  shares.  Return  dated  Doccmbcr  lOlb,  1912.  10,000  shares  taken 
up.    6b.  per  share  called  up.    i."J,riOO  paid.    Mortgages  and  obargcs  :  Nil. 

Pontelec  Welding  Patents,  Ltd.  (107,73fi).— Capital,  £:iO,ono, 

in  i'l  shares  ciO.OnC  ord.  and  10,000  pref).  Return  dated  January  13th,  lUl.'!. 
30,000  ord.  and  . 1,000  pref.  hharcs  taken  up.  i:5,000  paid  on  the  prct.  ilSO.OOO 
oonsidered  as  paid  on  the  ord.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  jei,SOO. 

Salerno  Syndicate,  litd.  (ll  l, 301).— Capital,  £«,300,  in  4,000 

first  scries  "  A  "  and  4,000  second  series  "  A  "  shares  of  i'l  each,  and  fi.OCO  "  B  " 
shares  of  is.  each.  Return  dated  January  IDth,  ItllS  (filed  January  aird). 
1,480  first  series  "  A  "  and  6,000  "B"  shares  taken  up.  i'l  per  share  called 
upon  1.4110  first  series  "A,"  Is.  per  share  on  640  "  B,"  and  (id.  per  share  on 
6,460  "B."    Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 

Traffic  Indicators,  Ltd.  (107,237).— Return  dated  January  14th, 
l'J13.  Capital,  jt7,600  in  £1  shares,  4,750  shares  token  up,  £600  paid,  £4,350 
considered  as  paid.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 

Corona  Lamp  Worlcs,  Ltd.— Issue  on  February  .5th,  1913, 
of  £4,050  debenture?,  part  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  bare  already  been 
filed. 

Foster  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.— Issue  on  February  14th,  1913, 

of  £3,000  debentures,  part  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have  already  been 
filed. 

X.L.  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— Debentures  dated  February  8th, 
1913,  to  secure  £300,  charged  on  the  company's  undertaking  and  property, 
present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.  Holder :  Capt.  C.  Wiener, 
Ewell  Castle,  Ewell,  Surrey. 

Insulators,  Ltd. — Particulars  of  £300  debentures,  created  by 
resolutions  of  December  6th,  1912,  and  February  3ra,  1913,  filed  pursuant  to 
Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies'  (Consolidation)  Act,  1908,  the  vshole  amount 
being  now  issued.  Property  charged  ;  The  company's  property,  present  and 
future,  including  uncalled  capital.    No  trustees. 

Electrical  Distribution  of  Yorkshire,  Ltd.  -Mortgage  on 

company's  undertakings,  authorised  by  Provisional  Orders  granted  under 
Electric  Lighting  Act  1882  to  1909,  and  its  other  assets,  including  uncalled 
capital,  dated  February  17th,  1918,  to  secure  all  moneys  due  or  to  become 
due  from  the  company  to  Barclay  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  54,  Lombard  Street,  B.C.,  not 
exceeding  £5,000. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Mansfield  aud  District  Tramways,  Ltd. 

Mb.  A.R.  HoLLANDpresided  on  17th  inst.  at  the  meeting  held  at  Mans- 
field. The  directors,  he  said,  had  recommended  an  increase  of  1  per 
cent,  in  the  dividend,  making  .5  per  cent,  in  all.  La.st  year  could 
not  be  fairly  considered  a  normal  year,  for  in  the  early  part  they 
were  face  to  face  with  terrible  labour  troubles,  and  the  disastrous 
coal  strike  must  have  affected  to  a  great  extent  many  of  the 
people  who  would  otherwi.se  have  patronised  the  tramways.  In 
spite  of  this  the  company  had  not  only  held  their  own,  but  had 
done  a  little  better.  According  to  their  manager's  calculation,  the 
coal  strike  had,  however,  lost  the  company  in  net  profit  certainly 
£1,000.  A  tramway  service  must  be  kept  running  whether  the 
receipts  went  up  or  down.  The  traffic  receipts  during  the  year 
showed  the  slight  increase  of  £640,  which  would  doubtless  have 
been  much  larger  but  for  the  strike.  They  had  spent  £2,393  on 
repairs  and  maintenance,  and  the  depreciation  account  had  been 
increased  by  £'200,  making  £1,400  in  all.  The  traflBc  expenses 
were  slightly  in  excess  of  those  of  1911,  and  power  alone  had  cost 
£3,084.  All  sections  of  the  system  continued  to  show  a  fair 
development,  and  given  freedom  from  serious  labour  troubles, 
coupled  with  the  development  of  the  great  natural  resources  of  the 
district,  there  was  no  reason  whatever  why  the  system  should  not 
continue  to  enjoy  a  steady  measure  of  success.  In  1912  the  cars 
ran  over  500,000  miles,  and  carried  3i  million  ordinary  passengers 
and  nearly  700,000  workpeople. 

Mr.  a.  H.  Beatty  seconded  the  adoption  of  the  report. 


Westminster  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd. 

Mb.  J.  Browne  Martin  presided  on  Wednesday  at  the  offices, 
Eccleston  Street,  Belgravia,  S.W.,  over  the  annual  meeting  of  this 
company. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Elec.  Rev.,  page  314), 
the  Chaibm.\n  said  they  would  expect  him  to  give  them  some 
idea  of  the  work  of  the  cumpany  and  of  the  outlook  for  the  next 
few  years.  They  had  a  thoroughly  sound  and  growing  business, 
new  lines  were  constantly   opening  out,  and  it  was  their  aim  to 


foHtcr  th(,H<^  in  cviTy  way.  t'or  inntancc,  tho  incrrawi  in  tli.  s  • 
of  potrol  had  lurwd  Hnin»!  pcijpUi'M  thonirhtH  lowardn  i 
vohiclcH,  and  it  wan  pOHtiiblc  tfiey  might  hf.-nr  moro  i,f  ihm):  \^  '.n 
long.  If  HO,  tlicy  wrro  rtady  'to  do  their  pnrl.  Thr-y  wcru  oiio  of 
tho  earlicKt  umlcrtakingH  to  r'-aliite  that  electric  cookinif  wi^h  hound 
to  Buperncdo  older  mcthodH.  There  were  airraily  a  fair  riuiiifj<;r  of 
stoves  in  use,  many  others  wrrc  propow^d,  and  th<;y  were  now- 
making  arrangements  to  hire  out  cooking  rangcx,  and  maintain  them. 
But  they  did  not  confine  themHelvcH  merely  to  encouraging  new 
developments  ;  they  also  suppfirted  the  efforts  which  were  beinf 
made  to  improve  the  older  methods  of  utilising  electricity.  Their 
showroom  ha<l  been  open  sinw;  May,  I'JlO,  and  had  l:>een  of  great 
assistance  to  them  in  getting  new  buiiness  by  giving  conHumern  an 
opportunity  of  seeing  for  themselves  the  n<>w  apparatus  which  they 
wished  to  bring  to  their  notice.  They  would  see  a  system  of  lighting 
in  that  room,  and  downstairs  in  the  showroom  others  might  be 
inspected.  In  place  of  direct  lighting,  reflecting  or  semi-reflecting 
bowls  were  now  being  used  which  got  rid  of  shadows  and  gave  a 
much  more  pleasing  effect  for  a  small  increase  in  cost.  Heating 
by  electricity  was  becoming  better  known,  and  was  more  used. 
There  were  new  types  of  heating  stoves  which  were  more  effective 
and  pleasing  than  the  older  makes,  and  they  might  see  the  best 
of  them  in  the  showroom.  Electric  lifts  were  now  considered 
almost  as  a  necessity  in  large  houses,  and  as  regarded  electric 
power,  the  gas  and  steam  engines  in  their  area  were  slowly  but 
surely  being  supplanted  by  electricity.  The  old  argument  that 
"electricity  is  too  expensive  "  had  completely  died  out  now  that  the 
metal  lamp  had  been  introduced,  and  he  was  sure  they  might  be 
satisfied  they  were  keeping  abreast  of  the  times  and  that  they 
might  anticipate  continued  and  increased  prosperity.  They  would 
see  from  the  accounts  that  the  receipts  for  the  year  showed  an 
increase  of  £900  and  the  costs  a  decrease  of  £1,100.  They  were 
thus  £2,000  to  the  good  in  their  trading  as  compared  with  1911. 
They  should  have  done  better  had  it  not  been  for  the  coal  strike  a 
year  ago,  which  cost  them  nearly  £3,000,  and  for  the  subsequent  rise 
in  the  price  of  coal,  which  amounted,  on  the  average,  over  the 
various  qualities  they  used,  to  about  1.5  per  cent. 

The  Rt.  Hon.  \V.  Hayes  Fisher,  M.P.,  seconded  the  motion. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Fisher  asked  how  the  company  stood  with  regard  to 
the  Special  Committee  appointed  by  the  London  County  Council  on 
the  electric  lighting  undertakings.  Had  they  been  called  on  to 
give  evidence,  or  was  the  Committee  doing  anything  which  the 
shareholders  might  advantageously  know  .'• 

Me.  W.  Hayes  Fishek  said  the  company  had  been  asked  to 
give  evidence,  and  had  done  so  ;  but  the  present  London  County 
Council  came  to  an  end  on  March  fith,  and  the  Special  Committee 
had  reported,  merely  advising  that  it  should  be  reappointed  by  the 
new  Council  to  continue  its  deliberations,  which  must  occupy  a 
considerable  period. 

Mr.  W.  ,1.  Fisher  :  At  present  they  are  only  deliberating,  and 
have  not  outlined  any  scheme  ? 

Mr.  Hayes  Fisher  :  None  whatever  in  their  report. 

The  report  was  then  adopted. 

The  Chairman,  in  reply  to  a  question,  said  the  coal  situation  was 
in  a  much  happier  position  than  it  was  a  year  ago.  He  could  not 
say  anything  very  definite  about  it,  because  these  things  varied 
from  time  to  time,  but  they  felt  much  more  confident  than  they 
did  a  year  ago. 


Yorkshire  Electric  PoMcr  Co. — This  company   held 

its  half-yearly  meeting,  on  18th  inst.,  at  Leeds.  In  referring  to 
the  report  (see  Electrical  Review,  page  229),  the  chair- 
man (according  to  the  Financial  .A>(c.«),  said  that  the  expenditure 
during  1912  on  capital  account  (£53,036)  had  been  made  princi- 
pally in  strengthening  the  system  of  the  company  and  in  providing 
generating  plant  to  meet  the  increasing  demands  for  current,  rather 
than  upon  new  mains  in  search  of  customers.  In  spite  of  this  con- 
servative policy  there  had  been  an  increase  of  2.")  per  cent,  in  the 
sale  of  current,  the  revenue  from  which  had  risen  from  £34,269  in 
1911  to  £43,480  in  1912.  Under  ordinary  conditions  this  would 
have  resulted  in  a  satisfactory  margin  of  profit  ;  but  the  ccal  strike 
of  March  last  and  the  abnormal  conditions  under  which  their  busi- 
ness had  been  carried  on  in  the  latter  half  of  the  year,  owing  to 
the  large  turbine  being  out  of  commission,  had  so  raised  the  works 
costs  as  to  absorb  the  profit  which  the  directors  should  otherwise 
have  hoped  to  put  before  the  meeting. 

Stock  E.vcliange  Xotices. — Applications  have  been  made 
to  the  Committee]  to  appoint  a  special  settling  day  in  and  to  grant 
a  quotation  to  ; — 

Mexico  Tramways  Co.—  Further  issue  of  §3,512,600  common  stock,  in  shares 
of  §100  each. 

Tilling  (Thoma<!>,  Ltd.— £200,000  5i  per  cent,  cumulative  participating  con- 
vertible income  debenture  stock. 

Toronto  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— Scrip,  fully  and  partly  paid,  for  a  further  issue  of 
£616,438  ik  per  cent,  consolidated  guaranteed  debenture  stock. 

And  to  allow  the  following  securities  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official 
List : — 

Adelaide  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.— £25,000  additional  5  per  cent,  debenture 
stcck. 

Birmingham  District  Power  and  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.— 151,453  additional 
4i  per  cent,  first  debenture  stock. 

Mirrlees    Matson  Jf    Co.,   Ltd. — The    Times  reports 

that  the  directors  .announce  a  dividend  of  10  per  cent-  and  a 
bonus  of  •">  per  cent.,  less  tax — the  same  as  a  year  .ago. 

Bristol    Traiiiwa.vs    and   Carriage  Co..    Ltd.  — J<ir 

George  White  presided  at  the  annual  meeting,  held  at  Bristol  on 
19th  inst.,  and  the  report,  as  already  published,  was  adopted. 


356 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,  [voi.72.  No.  1.840,  febbuabt  28, 1913. 


rnder$rroun<I  Electric  Railways  Co.  of  London,  Ltd. 

The  half-yearly   ineetiner   was   held   on   Monday,   at  Westminster 
Palace  Hotel,  S.W.,  Sir  Edgrar  Speyer,  Bart.,  presiding-. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposingr  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Rkvikw.  pstre  26'.0.  said  it  was  a^ain  his  pleasure  to 
point  to  further  considerable  proerress  made  daring  the  half-year. 
The  important  events  during:  that  period — viz.,  the  acquisition  of  a 
controlliner  interest  in  the  Central  London,  and  City  and  South 
London  Railways,  and  the  consolidation  of  the  interests  of  the 
London  United  Tramways,  Ltd.,  and  the  Metropolitan  Electric 
Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. — and  the  public  statement  he  then  made  with 
regard  to  these  developments,  were  of  so  recent  a  date  that  he  had 
little  to  add  to  what  he  then  said.  All  these  schemes  had  since 
been  satisfactorily  carried  througrh,  and  it  remained  now  to  develop 
and  co-ordinate  that  great  system  of  railways,  tramways,  and 
motor-'buses,  which  force  of  circumstances  more  than  anything: 
else  had  brought  and  welded  together.  He  could  only  repeat  and 
empha.si8e  that  in  their  opinion  the  only  hope  for  the  shareholders 
to  get  a  return  on  their  capital,  and  for  the  travelling  public  to  get 
the  best  possible  service,  lay  in  the  combination  of  these  various 
transport  agencies  which  ministered  to  the  transit  requirements  of 
London.  The  fear  had  been  expressed  in  some  quarters  that  the 
concentration  of  the  transport  facilities  of  London  would  tend 
towards  an  increase  in  fares  and  a  reduction  in  service.  His  reply 
to  this  suggestion  was  that  a  true  safeguard  against  any  possible 
abuse  was  to  be  found  in  the  fact  that  the  interests  of  the  share- 
holders and  the  travelling  public  were  identical.  There  was  a 
second  and  not  less  important  reason  for  their  policy  of  concen- 
tration, and  that  was  that  large  sums  of  money  would  be 
reciuired  from  time  to  time  for  extensions  and  improvements  to 
the  system,  and  it  was  easier,  and  probably  cheaper,  to  raise  these 
amounts  with  the  combined  credit  of  all  the  companies  than  by 
individual  effort  alone  ;  and  this  was  all  the  more  emphasised  if  it 
was  borne  in  mind  how  poor  the  return  on  the  capital  invested 
in  all  the  underground  lines  of  London  still  was.  The  capital 
so  invested  amounted  to  the  huge  sum  of  nearly  £60,000,000, 
on  which  the  return  to-day  was  2i  per  cent.  This  was  for 
the  entire  underground  railways,  including  the  Metropolitan 
and  the  Greit  Northern  and  City  Railways,  which  did  not  belong 
to  their  system.  If  they  took  their  own  railways  the  result  was 
practically  the  same.  On  the  District  it  was  only  22  per  cent.,  on 
the  London  Electric  2i  per  cent.,  on  the  City  and  Siuth  London 
2J  per  cent.,  on  the  Central  London  'i\  per  cent. — in  the  aggregate 
only  2  t;  per  cent.  The  yield  on  the  cost  of  the  company's  holdings 
of  London  Electric  ordinary  shares  which  it  had  received  for  con- 
struction, and  of  those  District  second  preference  and  ordinary 
stocks  which  it  had  received  for  electrification,  was  only  1  i  per 
cent,  and  \''>o  per  cent,  respectively.  The  total  capital  of  all  the 
companies  now  identified  with  the  compiny  was  £48,5.50,000, 
divided  as  follows  ;— Railways,  £39,700.000  :  tramways,  £5,700,000  ; 
omnibuses,  £3,150,000.  The  total  mileage  was  520,  made  up  of 
60  miles  of  underground  railways,  112  miles  of  tramways,  and  348 
miles  of  omnibus  routes.  Forthe  year  ending  December  31st,  1912, 
the  combined  undertakings  carried  a  total  of  893,000,000  passengers, 
of  which  the  railways  carried  247,000,000,  tramways  153,000,000, 
and  the  omnibuses  493.000,000.  The  combined  properties  employed 
a  staff  of  nearly  25,0(i0  men.  Regarding  the  various  companies 
comprised  in  the  system,  he  could  only  refer  them  to  the  speeches 
of  the  respective  chairmen  which  had  been  made  at  their  recent 
shareholders'  meetings.  He  could  summarise  the  situation  by 
saying  that  they  showed  continued  progress  and  gave  good  hope 
for  the  future.  The  railways  showed  consistent  improvement,  and 
with  the  completion  of  the  various  extensions  now  under  con- 
struction— namely,  Paddington,  Charing  Cross  and  Queen's  Park 
— this  progress  should  be  more  marked  in  the  future.  With  regard 
to  the  City  and  .South  London  Railway,  they  could  not  hope  for 
much  better  showings  until  the  tunnels  had  been  enlarged  and  the 
train  service  modernised.  This  would  take  at  least  two 
years  after  the  necessary  Parliamentary  powers  had  been 
obtained.  The  Central  London  Railway  was  benefiting  from 
its  Liverpool  Street  extension,  and  when  the  Ealing  extension 
was  opened  further  increases  in  earnings  should  be  shown. 
These  factors,  together  with  various  economies  which  it  was  hoped 
coald  be  effected,  should  substantially  reduce  the  apparent  deficiency 
upon  the  guaranteed  stock.  The  fusion  of  the  interests  of  the 
London  United  Tramways  and  Metronolitan  Electric  Tramways  and 
the  motor-'bus  service,  which  would  be  run  in  conjunction  with 
them,  should  prove  a  source  of  considerable  profit  to  the  London 
and  Suburban  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.,  although  the  best  results  would 
not  be  obtained  until  the  full  number  of  new  'buses  was  running. 
The  chairman  of  the  London  General  Omnibus  Co.,  in  his  speech, 
mentioned  the  considerable  increase  of  the  fleet  and  the  inaugura- 
tion of  new  routes,  which  it  took  some  time  to  develop.  It  was, 
therefore,  natural  that  the  earnings  per  'bus  in  the  interim  should 
show  a  decrease,  for  it  took  time  for  the  new  routes  to  become 
remuneraMve.  But  there  was  nothing  discouraging  in  this.  On 
the  contrary,  the  business  stood  on  a  very  sound  basis.  Reference 
was  made  in  the  report  to  the  Parliamentary  Bills  which  had  been 
promoted  by  the  various  railways.  The  schemes  embodied  in  these 
Bills,  if  sanctioned  by  Parliament,  would  greatly  add  to  the  travel- 
line  facilitirs  of  London.  The  City  and  South  London  Railway 
Co.'s  Bill  sought  power  to  enlarge  its  tunnels  to  a  diameter  similar 
to  that  of  the  other  tube  railways.  The  scheme  was  of  special  im- 
portance, and  involved  engineering  problems  of  considerable 
magnitude.  The  widening  of  the  tunnels  would  enable  the  com- 
pany to  use  rolling  stock  of  modern  design,  and  thereby  greatly 
increase  its  capacity  and  efficiency.  The  London  Electric  Railway 
Go.'s  Bill  provided  for  a  physical  junction  with  the  City  and  South 
London  Railway  at  Euston.  so  ae  to  give  a  throagh  service  of  trains 


from  the  Xorth  to  the  South  of  London  rid  the  City.  It  also  pro- 
vided for  a  physical  junction  with  the  London  and  South-Western 
Railway  at  Hammersmith.  This  was  for  the  purpose  of  running  a 
through  service  of  trains  to  Richmond.  The  Central  London  Rail- 
way Co.'s  Bill  provided  for  an  extension  from  Shepherd's  Bush  to 
(iunnersbury.  This  extension  would  serve  a  thickly- populated  dis- 
trict, and  should  improve  the  company's  position.  The  District 
Railway  Co.'s  ,Bill  provided  for  a  widening  of  a  section  of  the 
Putney  line,  which  would  considerably  add  to  its  facilities  and 
assist  in  dealing  with  its  rapidly  growing  traffic.  Powers  were 
also  sought  to  enter  into  agreements  with  the  Wimbledon  and 
Sutton  Railway.  The  Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways,  Ltd.,  in 
which  the  company  now  had  an  interest  through  their  holdings  of 
the  shares  of  the  London  Suburban  Traction  Co.,  was  promoting  a 
Bill  to  provide  for  railless  traction  on  certain  routes  in  the  urban 
districts  of  Wood  Green,  Tottenham,  and  Walthamstow,  for  the 
purpose  of  connecting  with  the  Walthamstow  tramway  system. 
A  word  of  explanation  regarding  the  Assooiatfd  Equipment  Co. 
mij'ht  not  be  out  of  place.  The  share  capital  amounted  to 
£500,000,  all  of  which  was  owned  by  the  company.  As  stated  in 
the  report,  the  company  owned  large  works  at  Walthamstow.  It 
also  owned  the  Metropolitan  Steam  Omnibus  Co.,  which  was  now 
running  a  fleet  of  100  modern  petrol  buses.  The  works  at 
Walthamstow  were  of  modem  design,  and  completely  equipped 
for  the  manufacture  of  cha'-sis,  and  also  for  certain  repair  parts 
required  by  the  several  companies,  and  all  indications  were  that 
they  would  be  fully  occupied.  The  revenue  from  this  company 
should  prove  a  source  of  continuing  profit  to  the  company. 
The  revenue  accounts  showed  total  receipts  of  £279,220,  as 
against  £156,549  for  the  corresponding  half-year  of  1911. 
The  latter  item,  towever,  included  £45,918  income  from  the 
operation  of  the  power  house  then  owned  by  the  company. 
Deductirg  this  item  there  remained  an  incr(ase  of  £168,589, 
of  which  £154,540  was  due  to  the  income  from  the  company's 
holdings  in  London  General  Omnibus  ordinary  shares  and 
Associated  Equipment  Co.  shares  acquired  ig  1912.  The  net  revenue, 
including  a  balance  of  £2.676  brought  forward,  but  before  pro- 
viding interest  on  income  bonds,  was  .t  198,480,  a  gain  of  £144,465 
over  the  corresponding  figure  for  1911.  This  increase  enabled  the 
company  to  pay  for  the  first  time  the  full  interest  on  the  6  per 
cent,  income  bonds  of  194 s,  carrying  forward  a  balance  of  £2,996. 
This  comnared  with  2  per  cent,  per  annum  paid  on  the  income  bonds 
outstanding  at  December  31st,  llUl.  The  total  net  revenue  avail- 
able for  distribution  amongst  the  income  bondholders  for  the  whole 
year  of  1912  was  £328.251,  as  compared  with  £93,511  in  1911,  and 
the  rate  of  interest  paid  on  the  income  bonds  in  the  two  years  was 
5  per  cent,  and  1  ]  per  cent,  respectively.  He  thought  he  was 
justified  in  congratulating  the  security  holders  on  the  fact  that 
they  were  for  the  first  time  in  their  history  paying  the  full  interest 
upon  the  6  per  cent,  income  bonds.  This  had  been  accomplished 
notwithstanding  the  conservative  financial  policy  pursued  by  the 
various  enterprises  under  the  company's  control.  They  were  all 
making  full  provision  for  depreciation  and  reserve,  and  were  in  a 
sound  financial  condition,  and  he  need  hardly  add  that  they  should 
not  have  paid  the  full  rate  unless  they  felt  reasonably  certain  of 
maintaining  this  distribution.  They  had  made  very  rapid  strides 
in  the  last  few  years,  and  he  did  not  think  he  was  going  too  far 
if  he  expressed  the  hope  that  the  shareholders  would,  before  long, 
begin  to  receive  some  return  on  their  capital  after  having  patiently 
waited  so  long. 

LoBD  Geobce  Hamilton  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report 
was  adopted  without  discussion. 


National  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. — At  the  annual 

meeting  held  in  Preston,  last  week,  Mr.  .lohn  Booth,  chairman,  in 
moving  the  adoption  of  the  report,  said  there  was  a  substantial 
increase  in  the  profits,  and  the  prospects  were  brighter  than  for 
several  years  past.  Prices  of  coal  had  increased  since  the  strike, 
and  they  were  paying  40  per  cent,  more  than  a  few  years  ago. 
Regarding  taxes,  they  were  the  most  highly  rated  electric  lighting 
company  in  the  kingdom.  They  appealed,  and,  after  a  long  fight, 
agreed  to  a  compromise,  the  result  of  which  was  a  reduction  of 
about  15  per  cent.  On  the  credit  side  they  had  about  £500  more 
for  lighting,  and  about  £1,000  more  for  power,  notwithstanding 
the  increased  use  of  the  more  economical  metallic-filament  lamps. 
The  net  result  was  a  profit  of  £14,017,  which  was  £1,243  more 
than  last  year.  They  were  getting  new  consumers,  and  they  now 
had  more  than  made  up  for  the  loss  of  revenue  caused  by  the 
metallic  lamps.  Dividends  at  4  per  cent,  for  the  year  on  prefer- 
ence shares,  and  4?.  6d.  per  share  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the 
half-year,  making  78.  fid.  per  share  for  the  year,  also  £1  78.  2d.  per 
share  on  the  founders'  shares,  were  declared. 

The  Bastian   Meter  Co.,    Ltd. — In   their    report  for 

the  year  ending  December  31st,  1912,  the  directors  show  a  slight 
improvement  in  the  trading  results  as  compared  with  the  previous 
year.  The  sum  of  £600  having  bern  written  off  patents  and  good- 
will, the  net  amount  of  profit  for  the  past  year  as  shown  in  the 
balance-sheet  is  £276,  plus  £587  brought  forward,  making  £863. 
The  directors  recommend  the  payment  of  the  6  per  cent,  dividend 
on  the  cumulative  preference  shares,  amounting  to  £121,  and  also  a 
4  percent,  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  amounting  to  £397  for 
the  year,  absorbing  £517,  leaving  £345  to  be  carried  forward. 

Calcutta   Electric   Supply  Corporation,   Ltd.— Thp 

number  of  units  delivered  to  consumers  during  the  five  weeks  eudcl 
.lanuary  Slst,  1913,  amounted  to  1,021,662,  compared  with  857,647 
units  in  the  corresponding  five  weeks  of  1912. 


T.J.  72.  N...  i,H4o,  KKnuuARy.'M,  i!)i;i.|    THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


357 


<  liarinn:  Cross,  Wesf  End  and  City  Klectrlcity  Supply 
Co.,  Ltd. 

TiiK  dirootorB'  report  for  l'J12  first  ox presgen  reifrot  at  tlie  dwilh 
on  the  18th  inst.  of  Mr.  II.  C.  Pulley,  who  j'lined  the  board  an 
rocontljr  as  1910.  The  result  of  the  yoar'n  workinfr  hat*  been  very 
Hiitirtfautory. 

II /'.v/  A'rt(/  /  iitli-r/akiii;/s.r-1'bc  jrroHB  earnin(fN  of  thewc  under- 
takinifs  from  Hales  of  current,  rents,  Xn,,  were  1.' ll(!,(!7t>  in  1912,  a.s 
compared  with  i;i-10,!i22  in  1911  ;  the  expenses,  excluding  depre- 
ciation, were  JEUll.G.sC),  m  compared  with  £()9,40>t  ;  and  the  net 
earninffs  were  £79,990,  as  compared  with  £71, .")H.  After  brini;ini; 
in  the  balance  of  £  ir),919  from  1911,  and  £  l,94r)  for  interest  accrued 
in  1912,  payinjjf  interest  on  the  debenture  stock,  and  making 
Alo.OOO  provision  for  depreciation  as  aprainst  £11,(100  last  year, 
there  is  a  balance  on  net  revenue  account  of  £(jr),05l,  out  of  which 
have  been  paid  the  dividend  for  the  year  on  the  preference  shares, 
amounting  to  £18,000,  and  an  interim  (iividend  for  the  first  half- 
year  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary  shares, 
amounting  to  £10,000,  leaving  a  balance  to  be  dealt  with  of 
£37,054.  The  directors  recommend  that  a  final  dividend  be  paid  on 
the  ordinary  shares  for  the  second  half-year  at  the  rate  of  5  per 
cent,  per  annum,  making  5  per  cent,  for  the  whole  year,  absorbing 
£10,000;  that  there  be  carried  to  general  reserve  (income)  account 
£9,054;  carrying  forward  £18,000,  as  against  £1.5,949  last  year. 
The  company  has  now  connected  to  its  West-end  mains  a  total 
equivalent  of  (>87,593  8  C  P.  (30-watt)  lamps.  The  total  is  made  up 
as  follows:  452,092  in  lighting,  26,066  in  heating,  and  209,435 
(8,406  H.P.)  in  motive  power. 

Citi/  UndertahiiKi. — The  gross  earnings  of  this  undertaking  from 
sales  of  current,  rents,  i:c.,  were  £148,.">13  in  1912,  as  compared  with 
£145,0^2  in  1911  ;  the  expenses  were  .€81,959,  as  compared  with 
£84,356  ;  and  the  net  earnings  were  £63,554,  as  compared  with 
£60,716.  After  bringing  in  the  balance  of  £36,158  from  1911,  and 
paying  interest  on  the  debenture  stock,  loans  and  advances,  there  is 
shown  a  balance  on  net  revenue  account  of  £68,821,  out  of  which 
has  been  paid  the  dividend  on  the  preference  shares  amounting  to 
£18,000,  leaving  £50,821,  as  compared  with  £:!6,158.  The  directors 
have  transferred  £32,821  to  general  reserve  (income)  account,  and 
propose  to  carry  forward  £18,000.  The  company  has  now  connected 
to  its  City  mains  the  total  equivalent  of  651,488  8-C.P.  (or  30-watt) 
lamps.  The  total  includes  312,947  in  lighting,  47,610  in  heating, 
and  290,931  (11,701  H  P.)  in  motive  power. 

The  chief  engineer  certifies  that  the  plant  and  machinery  at  the 
several  stations  of  the  company  have  been  maintained  in  a  high 
stat«  of  efficiency. 

The  annual  meeting  is  called  for  March  4th,  at  the  offices. 

West  End  City 

undertakings.  undertaking, 

9,299,853  29,697,565 

9,380,304  1,827,715 

470,754  — 

13,587,710  — 

14,058,470  24,806,815 


sinking  fund,  £.VH64  of  the  dcljenturpH  han  been  purchaaed  and 
cancidlcd,  and,  as  indicated,  a  uM.-ful  roiicrvc  fund  hoii  l<oen  built 
lip  with  thesurpluH  of  fMuit  years. 


Units  generated 

Units  bought       

Units  sold — Public  lamps 

Other  sales  

Total  

Used  on  works  and  transmission   and   distri- 
bution losses 

Total  accounted  for 

Public  lamps        

Total  max.  supply  demanded,  EW. 


4,621,687  6,718,485 

18,680,157  31,525,280 

0,679  12,555 


Bath  Electric  Tramways,  Ltd. 

The  annual  report  for  the  year  ended  December  31st,  1912,  states 
that  the  traffic  and  other  receipts  show  an  increase  of  £2,164. 
Owing  to  the  coal  strike,  the  great  rise  in  the  price  of  petrol,  as 
well  as  the  advance  in  price  of  all  materials,  the  benefit  of  the 
additional  traffic  has  been  more  than  absorbed.  The  following  are 
the  earnings  for  the  past  five  years :— 1908,  £38,395;  1909, 
£40,136  ;  1910,  £42,372  ;  1911,  £43,834  ;  1912,  £45,998.  The  traffic 
receipts  for  the  first  six  weeks  of  1913  show  an  increase  of  £303, 
compared  with  those  of  1912.  During  the  year  certain  special 
repairs  and  alterations  have  been  effected,  principally  in  the 
improvement  of  the  fleet  of  motor  vehicles,  while  four  new 
torpedo-type  cars  have  been  purchased  and  brought  into  service. 
The  above  expenditure  amounted  to  £3,772,  which  has  been 
reduced  to  £1,772  by  the  appropriation  of  the  reserve  for  deprecia- 
tion (£2,000),  shown  in  last  year's  accounts,  is  not  directly  applic- 
able to  the  year  1912,  but  has  been  charged  against  the  accumu- 
lated revenue  of  previous  years,  thus  providing  for  depreciation  in 
a  most  effective  form.  The  foundry  acquired  by  the  company,  and 
referred  to  in  former  reports,  has  been  improved  by  the  addition 
of  certain  extra  plants,  and  has  given  excellent  results.  After 
charging  the  expenses  of  operation  and  administration  for  the  year 
ended  December  31st,  1912,  there  remains  a  balance  of  £14,649, 
to  which  is  added  the  amount  brought  forward  after 
deducting  £1,772  net  expenditure  referred  to  above  £8,366,  making 
a  total  of  £23,015.  From  this  is  to  be  deducted  interest  on  the 
4  \  per  cent,  first  mortgage  debenture  stock  paid  and  accrued  to 
date,  £5,973  ;  fourth  instalment  of  sinking  fund  for  the  first 
mortgage  debentures,  £1,000;  interest  on  loans,  £1,085;  dividend 
on  preference  shares  for  the  year  to  December  31st.  1912,  paid 
July  1st,  1912,  and  January  1st,  1913,  £3,7.50.  a  total  of  £11,809, 
leaving  a  net  amount  of  £11,207.  Of  this  there  has  been  appro- 
priated for  contingencies  and  renewals  account  £8,000,  leaving  a 
balance  of  £3.207,  which  the  directors  recommend  should  be 
carried  forward  pending  the  completion  of  arrangements  which  are 
being  made  for  meeting  the  loan  standing  in  the  balance-sheet  of 
£21,150.  Xo  dividend  is  recommended  for  payment  to  the  holders 
of  ordinary  shares,  but  the  company  is  improving  its  position. 
The  reserve  account  and  the  reserve  for  depreciation  have  been 
amalgamated  Into  one  fund,  and  it  now  stands  at  £10,000.     By  a 


Kewca.^itle  and    nistrict    Electric  LiRhtinir  Co.,  Ltd. 

Tim-:  annual  meeting  waH  held  in  Nowcantle  on  February  21i!t, 

Dk.  .).  H.  .Sl.Ml'^j.N,  the  chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the 
report  (nee  Ei.i;c.  Ui:v,,  page  31i.),  Raid  that  at  the  laot  irenersl 
meeting  attention  was  drawn  to  the  fact  that  the  directors  had 
under  consideration  the  most  advantageous  method  of  makinff  an 
issue  of  £150,000  second  mortgage  delxjntures,  and  it  would  be 
observed  from  the  report  that  they  ha<l  b<;en  offered  to  the  public, 
and  that  practically  the  whole  of  the  amount  was  taken  up.  That 
had  enabled  them  to  pay  off  the  bank  overdraft,  certain  temfwrary 
loans,  itc.  The  reserve  fund  stcod  at  £M,77x.  and  the  directors 
recommended  that  £2,000  be  transferred  to  this  account.  On  the 
other  side  of  the  accounts  the  increase  under  the  heading  of  stores 
was  represented  by  the  increased  stock  of  coals  which  experience 
showed  to  be  necessary  to  carry  in  order  to  provide  against  stnkes  and 
labour  troubles.  He  drew  attention  to  one  item  in  the  profit  and  loss 
account  under  the  heading  of  stores,  fuel,  water,  ice.  At  the  time 
of  their  last  general  meeting  the  coal  miners'  strike  had  been  in 
existence  nearly  a  month,  and  it  was  expected  daily  that  an  agree- 
ment with  the  men  would  be  arrived  at  ;  when,  however,  the 
termination  of  the  strike  became  very  uncertain,  the  directors 
thought  it  wise — although  events  proved  it  unnecessary — to  moke 
arrangements  for  a  further  stock  of  coal  in  order  to  make  qnit<- 
sure  of  keeping  their  customers  fully  supplied  with  electrical 
energy,  and  that,  of  course,  increased  their  expenses.  The  weekly 
half-holiday  under  the  Shops  Act  had  affected  their  revenue  to 
some  ext«nt,  but,  notwithstanding  this  and  the  effect  of  these 
labour  troubles  on  the  profits  of  the  company,  the  gross  receipts 
had  increased  considerably.  With  regard  to  the  agreement  with 
the  Newcastle  Corporation  to  supply  the  electrical  energy  for  the 
Xewburn  tramways,  good  progress  was  now  being  made  with  the 
laying  of  the  lines,  and  they  were  informed  that  the  first  section 
would  be  opened  to  the  public  in  May  this  year,  so  that  some 
benefit  would  accrue  during  the  latter  half  of  the  year. 

Me.  Arthur  Scholefield  seconded  the  motion,  which,  as  well 
as  the  dividend  and  re-election  resolutions,  was  carried. 


Laanceston    and    District  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  first  annual  meeting  was  held  recently.  Mb.  R.  B.  Rogers, 
who  presided,  said  that  the  report  showed  that  the  company  had 
had  a  good  start,  there  being  3,800  lamps  connected,  while  fresh 
connections  were  being  made.  Since  December  3l8t,  1912,  the 
remainder  of  the  issued  shares  had  been  taken  up,  the  number  now 
issued  being  6,400.  He  paid  a  warm  compliment  to  Mr.  Willey,  the 
resident  engineer,  and  his  assistants,  and  to  Mr.  W.  Vosper,  the 
secretary. 

The  report,  which  was  adopted,  showed  that  the  company  had 
paid  its  way  from  the  first  working  year.  A  contract  for  a  portion 
of  the  street  lighting  for  a  period  of  three  years  had  been  entered 
into.  The  directors  had  thought  it  necessary  to  purchase  a  second 
suction  engine  from  Messrs.  Crossley. 


Lancashire  United   Tramways,   Ltd. — The  directors 

report,  says  the  Finmicin-,  that  the  result  of  the  working  of  this 
and  the  operating  companies  comprised  in  this  company's  system, 
worked  out  as  though  they  were  one  combined  undertaking,  is  as 
follows  :— Traffic  receipts,  £71,465  ;  miscellaneous  receipts,  £4.631  ; 
total,  £76,096  ;  less  working  expenses,  £47,847  ;  general  charges 
(including  direction,  management,  interest,  &c.).  £5.356  ;  rent  of 
leased  lines,  i:3..  £4,961,  leaving  £17,932  ;  and  dividend  on  holding 
in  the  New  St.  Helens  and  District  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.,  £1,534  ; 
profit  of  combined  undertaking.  £19,466.  The  receipts,  compared 
with  those  of  the  previous  year,  show  an  increase  of  ;£  1,390,  which 
includes  an  increase  of  £738  from  the  sale  of  electrical  energy. 
The  traffic  earnings  per  car-mile  amounted  to  8'21d.  The  expendi- 
ture has  increased  by  £1,109,  largely  due  to  the  coal  strike  and  the 
advance  in  the  price  of  coal.  The  interest  and  dividends  received 
by  this  company  from  the  operating  companies,  together  with 
sandry  receipts,  amount  to  £13,853.  After  deducting  interest  on 
the  prior  lien  debenture  stock  and  expenses,  there  remains  the  sum 
of  £59,  which  has  been  carried  to  depreciation  account.  The  un- 
divided surplus  of  the  operating  companies,  after  payment  of  the 
interest  and  dividends  before  mentioned,  is  £6.905.  The  depreciation 
and  renewal  accounts  and  amounts  carried  forward  in  the  combined 
companies  amount  to  £16,429. 

Scarboro'    Electric    Supply    ( o.,   Ltd. — The  annual 

report  of  the  directors,  to  be  presented  to  the  meeting  on  March 
5th,  states  that  during  the  past  year  there  has  been  connected  to 
the  mains  the  equivalent  of  4,142  (30-watt)  lamps,  making  116,329. 
The  number  of  units  supplied  during  the  year,  including  the 
300,000  minimum  supply  to  the  tramways,  has  been  939.120,  an 
increase  of  79  268,  or  over  9  per  cent.  ;  the  number  of  consumers 
has  also  increased  by  16  per  cent.  The  accounts  show  that  after 
placing  £1,000  to  depreciation  account,  there  is  a  balance  on  revenue 
account  of  £3,402.  The  directors  recommend  that  a  dividend  be 
paid,  free  of  income-tax,  at  the  rate  of  3  per  cent,  for  the  year, 
which  will  absorb  £3,000,  leaving  to  be  carried  forward  £402. 


358 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.  [Voi.72.  No.i,84o,FEBHtJABY28, 1913. 


Para  Electric  Railways  and  Lijfhting  Co..  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  November  30th,  11»12,  shows 
that  the  revenue,  after  providing  for  all  expenses  in  London  and 
Para,  was  £133,038.  plus  i;  1.442  brought  forward,  and  difiference 
in  exchange,  and  interest  on  deposits  and  transfer  fees,  £2,0y0, 
making  a  total  of  £13('.,."<70.  Deducting  interest  and  sinking  fund 
on  debenture  stock,  £38,500  ;  and  interim  dividends  paid  on  the 
preference  and  ordinary  shares,  £29,100,  there  remained  £68,i)70. 
Out  of  this  there  is  to  be  placed  to  depreciation  and  renewals 
re.^erve,  £15,000,  and  to  contingencies  reserve,  £15,000  :  final 
dividend  on  the  (!  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  shares  absorbs 
£'.i,(>00,  and  a  final  dividend  of  5  per  cent.,  less  income-tax,  on  the 
ordinary  shares  for  the  half-year  to  November  30tb,  1912  (making 
10  per  cent,  for  the  year)  requires  £19,500,  leaving  to  be  carried 
forward,  £9,870.  A  new  D.c.  unit  of  GOO-KW.  capacity,  and  a  new 
large  boiler,  have  been  installed  in  the  power  station,  displacing  a 
smaller  old  unit  and  a  smaller  old  boiler,  of  the  value  of  £4,654, 
which  amount  has  been  charged  against  the  renewals  reserve  and 
credited  to  construction  capital  account.  Other  minor  improve- 
ments have  also  been  carried  out.  A  charge  of  £20,63!*  has  been 
made  against  contingencies  reserve,  representing  a  balance  of 
certain  debts  and  charges,  which  have  been  settled  during  tha 
current  year.  This  reserve  account  has  in  the  past  been  maintained 
at  a  high  figure  in  view  of  the  possibility  of  large  reserve  being 
required  to  offset  these  charges  which  have  now  been  cleared  up. 
The  operating  expenses  have  been  considerably  decreased  during  the 
year,  the  difficulties  referred  to  in  last  year's  report  have  been 
overcome,  and  the  operating  conditions  generally  are  greatly 
improved. 


\ottiDg  Hill  Electric  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd. 

Sir  W.  Ckookes  presided  on  Tuesday   at  Winchester  House,  E.G., 
over  the  annual  meeting  of  this  company. 

The  Chairm.\n,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Elec.  Rev.,  page  316),  said  that  they  were  still  progressing  satis- 
factorily, showing  increasing  profits  year  by  year.  The  only  money 
spent  on  capital  account  was  for  mains  and  meters,  and  this  out- 
lay was  compulsory  so  long  as  they  were  able  to  obtain  new 
customers,  and  they  showed  no  sign  of  falling  off  at  present.  The 
total  capital  receipts  amounted  to  £209,352,  which  was  only  about 
£40,000  less  than  the  expenditure,  the  balance  being  provided  by 
using  the  reserve  fund  in  the  business,  instead  of  issuing  new 
capital  upon  which  dividends  would  have  had  to  be  paid.  With 
regard  to  revenue  account,  it  would  be  seen  that  the  net  profit 
increased  from  £23.557  to  £24,436.  The  directors  believed  this  to 
be  a  very  satisfactory  result,  especially  taking  into  consideration 
the  increasing  cost  of  fuel.  Nearly  the  whole  of  the  increase  in 
the  cost  of  producing  the  current  was  due  to  the  higher  price  of 
coal,  and,  unfortunately,  this  rise  in  price  was  likely  to  be 
permanent.  The  credit  side  of  the  account  was  most  satisfactory, 
and  showed  an  increase  of  about  £1,700,  the  total  revenue  being 
£44,780,  against  £43,059  in  the  year  1911.  On  the  net  revenue 
account  after  allowing  £3,000  for  depreciation,  and  over  £6,000 
for  interest  on  debentures,  kc,  a  balance  remained  of  £15,718 
for  division,  against  £  14,486  the  previous  year.  The  balance  of  the 
depreciation,  renewal  and  reserve  fund  account  had  now  reached  a 
total  of  £40,189,  which  they  thought  was  sufficient  to  cover  the 
depreciation  to  date  on  the  plant,  mains,  kc,  of  the  undertaking, 
kept  as  they  were  in  an  efficient  condition  out  of  revenue.  Their 
contribution  to  the  Kensington  and  Netting  Hill  joint  debenture 
stock  sinking  fund  now  amounted  to  £14,302.  As  this  fund  was 
being  invested  at  compound  interest,  it  was  increasing  rapidly,  and 
the  total  was  over  £52,000.  The  only  item  in  the  balance-sheet  he 
need  refer  to  was  the  deposit  on  the  sale  of  property,  £400.  It 
appeared  that  their  undertaking  would  never  require  to  utilise 
some  of  the  surplus  property  at  present  let  on  rental,  and  the 
directors  accepted  a  satisfactory  offer  to  purchase  it.  The  amount 
appearing  in  the  accounts  was  the  deposit,  and  they  expected  that 
the  sale  would  be  completed  shortly.  The  number  of  consumers 
had  increased  since  last  year  from  3,513  to  3,771,  representing  the 
equivalent  of  an  additional  12,000  S-r.p.  lamps.  The  profit  had 
steadily  risen,  and  he  believed  would  continue  to  do  so  in  the  future. 
Last  year  he  mentioned  that  the  directors  had  under  consideration 
a  scheme  of  co-partnership  for  the  company's  staff.  The  idea  was 
heartily  received  by  many  shareholders,  and  during  the  year  the 
directors  had  been  able  to  bring  it  into  operation.  The  scheme 
was  very  much  appreciated  by  the  staff,  and  the  men  showed  a 
keenness  in  their  work,  and  continued  their  loyal  attitude  to  the 
company,  which  was  a  great  advantage  in  case  of  any  difficulties 
arising.  As  an  example  of  the  economies  effected,  he  might  mention 
that,  although  the  total  units  sold  increased  by  145,565,  the  number 
of  units  used  in  transforming  and  distributing  the  current  decreased 
by  over  60,000.  The  scheme  was  fixed  on  such  a  basis  that  the  bonus 
to  the  staff  rose  or  fell  according  to  the  increase  or  decrease  in  the 
amount  of  profit  available  for  distribution  to  the  shareholders.  The 
amount  of  bonus  to  he  divided  this  year  was  £286,  which  would 
give  the  men  an  additional  8  per  cent,  on  their  wages.  A  man  who 
got  30s.  a  week  would  receive  £6  48.  After  paying  this  bonus, 
there  remained  a  balance  of  £7,297  for  dividend  on  the  ordinary 
8hare^  and  the  directors  recommended  the  payment  of  a  dividend  of 
58.  a  share  on  the  ordinary  shares,  which  was  a  record  in  the  history 
of  the  company.  This  would  leave  a  balance  of  £928  to  carry 
forward,  being  some  £3(0  more  than  last  year.  Mention  wps  made 
at  last  year's  meeting  that  the  London  County  Council  had  appointed 
a  special  committee  to  consider  the  question  of  the  electric  lighting 
of  London,  and  they  had  been  invited  to  give  evidence,  and  would 
do  their  best  to  assist  the  committee:  in  their  deliberations.     They 


still  felt  to  a  large  extent  the  result  of  the  introduction  of  the 
met^l-filament  lamp,  but,  happily,  their  continual  increase  in  con- 
sumers had  more  than  compensated  for  the  lower  consumption  of 
current  by  these  more  economical  lamps.  There  was  no  reason  to 
take  anything  but  an  optimistic  view  of  the  future,  and  he  looked 
forward  to  maintaining  their  steady  rate  of  progress.  The  higher 
price  of  coal  was  almost  bound  to  continue,  owing  to  the  increased 
cost  of  production  since  the  strike,  but  he  hoped  the  other  materials 
they  used  would  remain  at  their  normal  level. 

Sin  R.  li.  Martin  seconded  the  motion. 

Mr.  1).\we,s  expressed  his  pleasure  at  the  amount  of  money  the 
directors  had  been  able  to  give  to  the  men,  and  he  considered  the 
co-partnership  arrangement  was  one  of  the  happiest  things  they 
had  ever  done.  He  did  not  consider  it  was  altogether  an 
altruistic  thing,  because  all  connected  with  the  company  benefited 
from  it  as  much  as  the  employes,  who  would  naturally  take  a 
greater  interest  in  their  work.  He  thought  the  shareholders  must 
lie  satisfied  with  the  position  of  the  company. 

The  motion  was  carried. 

Mu.  Dawks  next  moved  that  the  remuneration  of  the  directors 
be  increased  from  £1,100  to  £1,500  per  annum,  and  remarked  that 
it  was  merely  a  tardy  act  of  restitution  on  the  part  of  the  share- 
holders, because  year  after  year  in  the  past  the  directors  had  sur- 
rendered a  large  proportion  of  their  fees.  He  gathered  that  the 
total  amount  they  had  surrendered  up  to  1907  was  £5,249. 

Mk.  McMahon  seconded  the  motion. 

Mit.  Bush  suggested  whether  it  would  not  be  a  better  way  to 
remunerate  the  directors  by  giving  them  their  present  remunera- 
tion and  also  a  percentage  on  the  profits  above  a  certain  sum. 

This  was  not  seconded,  and  accordingly  the  resolution  of  Mr. 
Dawes  was  carried. 

The  Chairman,  in  acknowledging  the  vote,  said  he  thanked  Mr. 
Bush  for  his  suggestion,  wliich  the  directors  would  consider,  and, 
perhaps,  at  the  next  meeting,  it  might  be  brought  up  for  discussion. 

The  meeting  closed  with  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  board  and  staff. 


London  Electric  Snpplj  Corporation,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December,  1912,  shows  that 
the  profit  on  working  was  £68,670,  against  £61,412  last  year. 
Adding  the  amount  brought  forward,  viz.,  £4,186,  less  interest  on 
temporary  loan  and  balance  of  expense  of  issue  of  debenture  stock, 
viz.,  £2,380,  makes  a  total  of  £70,477.  From  this  there  have  been 
paid  interest  on  debenture  stock,  £17,494  ;  sinking  fund  for 
redemption  of  debenture  stock  in  1931,  £12,000:  leaving  to  be 
appropriated  £40,98:!  ;  dividend  of  0  per  cent,  on  the  preference 
shares  absorbs  £26,952  ;  a  dividend  of  2i  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary 
shares,  £8,325  ;  there  is  put  to  contingencies  account  £1,000,  and 
£4,700  is  carried  forward.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  board  has 
opened  a  new  reserve  fund  in  the  form  of  a  sinking  fund  account. 
£12,000  will  be  invested  in  this  fund  annually  (the  first  payment 
being  shown  above),  and  the  accumulation  of  these  payments,  with 
interest,  together  with  the  fund  shown  at  the  bottom  of  capital 
account,  will  be  sufficient  to  redeem  the  whole  of  the  existing 
debenture  stock  in  1931.  The  supply  has  been  efficiently  maintained 
during  the  year.  The  number  of  units  sold  amounted  to  28,409,755 
aa  against  20,476,982  last  yea,r  ;  the  total  costs  per  unit  sold 
being  'GGd.,  as  against  ■82d.  last  year — a  reduction  of  20  per  cent. 
The  power  supplied  for  traction  purposes  shows  75  per  cent, 
increase,  while  the  power  supplied  for  industrial  purposes  shows 
26  per  cent,  increase  over  last  year.  The  plant  and  machinery 
have  been  maintained  out  of  revenue  and  are  in  efficient  condition. 
The  L.B.  and  S.C.  Railway  have  decided  to  electrify  the  whole  of 
their  suburban  system.  To  meet  the  large  demands  which  this 
will  entail,  the  directors  recommend  the  creation  of  £250,000  new 
capital,  and  a  resolution  to  this  effect  will  be  proposed  at  the 
meeting.  The  death  of  the  Earl  of  Crawford,  K.T.,  is  deplored  by 
the  board,  and  Viscount  Duncannon  has  been  elected  in  his  place. 


W.  T.  Henley's   Telegraph    Works   Co.,  Ltd.— The 

directors'  report  shows  a  profit  of  £92,069  for  the  year  1912.  From 
this  are  deducted  directors'  and  auditors"  fees,  debenture  interest, 
income-tax,  and  amount  written  off  for  depreciation  on  buildings 
and  machinery,  £23,986,  leaving  £68,083,  to  which  have  to  be 
added  the  amount  brought  forward,  £30,862,  and  the  value  of 
securities  received  in  respect  of  the  Bahamas-Florida  Cable  Repair- 
ing Fund.  £4,041,  making  £108,987.  The  following  are  deducted  : 
Transfer  to  reserve  in  respect  of  depreciation  of  Consols  and  other 
trustee  securities  £4,219,  transfer  to  reserve  account  £15,000, 
bonus  paid  to  shareholders  in  distribution  of  the  Bahamas-Florida 
Cable  Repairing  Fund  £4,000,  dividend  on  preference  shares  £9,000, 
interim  dividend  on  ordinary  shares  £10,000,  leaving  an  available 
balance  of  £66,767,  out  of  which  the  dividend  on  the  ordinary 
shares  of  15  per  cent.,  free  of  income-tax  (of  which  an  interim 
dividend  of  5  per  cent,  has  already  been  paid)  will  require  £20,000, 
income-tax  on  total  ordinary  dividend  £1,750,  leaving  to  be  carried 
forward  £45,017.  Ordinary  share  dividend  warrants  are  to  be 
posted  to-day. 

Aberdeen   Snbarban   Tramways  Co. — The  directors 

have  been  considering  as  to  the  extension  of  the  company's  business, 
either  by  the  use  of  motor-'buses  or  by  cars  run  on  the  tracklees 
trolley  system.  They  hope  before  long  to  submit  formal  proposalB 
to  the  shareholders  with  reference  to  the  matter.  For  the  half- 
year  ended  January  3l8t,  1913,  the  profit  earned  amounted  to 
£1,404. 


Vol.72.  No.  1,810,  fklruabt  28,  1913.]  THE,    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


359 


I'alsley  District  Traiii\va.V8  Co. 

Mk.    0.  II.    .HmI'I'II   proHided    on  Fubnmry   iOth    at    the  offlcoH,  8;}, 
Cannon  .Street,   l').(J.,  over  the  mcetiii(f  of  thiH  company. 

In  movinff  the  adoption  of  tlie  report  (kco  EljiiOTiiloAr,  Rkvikw, 
p.  271),  the  Ckaikman  naid  that  tho  Hharo  uapital  Htood  an  at  Juno 
30th  last.  Tho  loan  uapital  had  been  reduced  by  a  further  £800-- 
makintr  £2,.'I(I0  to  date  beinij  the  amount  of  debpntnroB  purchoBed 
durint;  the  half-year  by  the  truntcoH  for  tho  sinkinf;  fund.  General 
reserve  aoeount  had  been  increaHcd  by  £3,000  trannfcrred  from 
revenue  and  £(>f.:t  for  interewt  an  increaHO  for  the  half-year  of 
£3,05:!.  The  reserve  created  by  the  sinkini;  fundH  Htood  at  £<i,237 
aa  compared  with  £l,:ir)0 — an  increaBe  for  the  half-year  of  £  l,KK(i, 
the  debenture  Binkinp  fund  bein^  increased  by  £838  and  the  prefer- 
ence share  Binkinjj:  fund  by  £1,018.  Sundry  credit  balances  were 
£180  leoB  than  at  June  30th.  On  the  other  side  of  the  balance-sheet 
the  capital  expenditure  had  been  increaBed  by  £1,700  duriii)j  the 
half-year.  This,  with  the  expenditure  in  the  first  half  of  the  year, 
was  mainly  expended  on  the  four  additional  cars.  Their  investments 
in  trustee  securities  stood  at  £l2,flr)0,  and  it  was  very  ijratifyinp 
to  note  that  the  market  value  of  these  securities  at  December  31  st 
was  above  the  cost  price.  The  amount  of  £3,9:i7  a(rainst  the 
trustees  for  the  sinkintr  funds  compared  with  £2,851  at  June  30th. 
This  item  was,  of  course,  increased  each  half-year  by  the  contribu- 
tion of  £1,000  for  tho  preference  share  sinkinj?  fund  and  by  the 
accrued  interest  and  dividends  on,  the  investment  made  by  the  trustees. 
Sundry  debitbalances  were  £323  in  excess  of  the  fifjnre  at  June  30th. 
The  tratlic  receipts  for  the  half-year  were  £1,113  in  excess  of  the 
receipts  for  the  corresponding:  half-year  of  1911.  Unfortunately 
their  expenses  were  very  heavy,  and  the  gross  profit  showed  a 
reduction  of  £670.  The  additional  services  run  during:  the  half- 
year  involved  increased  charges  for  electrical  energy  and  for  trafiBc 
wages,  and  the  cost  of  maintaining  the  rolling  stock  was  heavier 
than  in  the  corresponding  half-year  of  1911.  Local  rates  were 
also  £250  in  exccssof  the  amount  for  the  second  half  of  1911. 

Mr.  John   Youn()    seconded   the  motion,  and   the  report    was 
adopted  without  discussion. 


Oxford  Electric  Co,,  Ltd. 

For  the  year  ended  December,  1912,  the  revenue  acconnt  shows  a 
profit  (including  £1,145  brought  forward)  of  £15,832.  After  pro- 
viding £2,000  for  debenture  interest,  and  writing  off  £1,072  on 
account  of  hire-purchase  installations,  the  balance  available  is 
£12,760,  which  the  directors  propose  to  appropriate  as  follows  : — 
Dividend  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum,  less  income-tax,  on 
the  ordinary  share  capital  (whereof  3  per  cent,  was  paid  in 
September),  £7,000  ;  dividend  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per  annum 
on  the  preference  share  capital  ranking  therefor  (whereof  2i  per 
cent,  was  paid  in  September)  £2,414,  to  credit  of  reserve  and 
renewal  of  plant  account  £2,500,  leaving  to  be  carried  forward  £846. 
Reserve  and  renewal  of  plant  account  has  been  charged  with  the 
cost  of  plant  replaced.  The  lamp,  heating  and  motive-power 
connections  continue  to  increase  satisfactorily.  The  plant  has  been 
maintained  in  thoroughly  efficient  order.  The  supply  mains  of  the 
company  have  been  extended  in  Hill  Top,  Cowley,  and  Charlbury 
Roads,  also  in  Princes  and  St.  Aldate's  Streets.  The  directors 
record  the  death  of  Sir  Irving  Courtenay,  and  to  the  vacancy  on 
the  board.  Prof.  Thomas  Lowndes  Bullock,  M.A.,  has  been 
appointed.    The  annual  meeting  is  called  for  Friday,  Jlarch  "tb. 


Brnce  Peebles  &  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors'  report  for 
the  year  ended  December  31st,  1912,  states  that  the  results  for  the 
year  are  not  as  satisfactory  as  those  for  1911.  The  profit  from 
manufacturing,  trading,  &c.,  after  appropriating  £4,138  for  main- 
tenance, amounts  to  £3,865  ;  but  after  deducting  expenses  of 
administration,  the  interest  paid  on  the  mortgage  debentures  and 
accrued  on  the  unsecured  debentures,  there  is  an  adverse  balance  of 
£4,594  for  the  year.  The  trading  for  the  year  has  been  seriously 
affected  by  labour  strikes  and  consequent  disorganisation  of  busi- 
ness. The  prospects  for  the  current  year  are  better,  owing  to  the 
recent  improvement  in  prices  and  in  the  demand  for  the  company's 
manufactures.  All  buildings,  machinery  and  plant  have  been 
properly  maintained  during  the  year.  Mr.  C.  H.  M'Euen  retired 
from  the  Board  in  December  last,  and  Mr.  Lee  Murray  who  resigned 
the  post  of  general  manager  at  the  end  of  the  year,  has  been  elected 
to  fill  the  vacancy. 

British  Electric  Transformer  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors 

report  that  they  consider  the  result  of  operations  in  1912  satis- 
factory. The  accounts  show,  after  paying  all  manufacturing  costs 
and  expenses  of  administration,  a  net  profit  of  £21,552,  plus  £3,162 
brought  forward.  There  is  to  be  placed  to  reserve  account 
£9,000.  Preference  dividend  of  6  per  cent,  absorbs  £2,597  ;  a 
dividend  of  10  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares  requires  £7,895, 
extra  remuneration  to  the  directors  £1,106,  and  £4,117  is  to  le 
carried  forward. 

Erith's  Eng;ineerin«r  Co.,  Ltd. — The  annual  general 
meeting  was  held  at  70,  Gracechurch  Street,  E.G.,  on  February  ■iOth, 
when  the  directors'  report  was  adopted,  and  the  dividends  for  1912, 
of  6  per  cent,  on  the  preference  shares,  and  of  10  percent,  on  the 
ordinary  shares  (as  in  previous  years)  were  authorised. 

South  Metropolitan  Electric  Lijrht  and  Power  Co,, 

Ltd. — The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  Wednesday.  Our  report 
will  appear  next  week.  Warrants  for  dividends  payable  to-day  on 
the  preference  shares  have  been  posted. 


WaHte  Heat  and  Um  Electrical  c;eneratlnir 
NtationN,  Ltd. 

TllK  dircctorfl  rcjiort  for  the  year  ended  January  .iUt,  l!il3,  ntnlMt 
that  thu  profilH  earned,  after  deducting  adminintratjon  ex;K!niie«i, 
amount  to  £36,010  (£25,071  lout  year;;  Ichb  tranrtferrfl  to  credit 
of  roporvi'  account,  £9,000  (£7,500  lout  year);  making  £-.'7,0lo 
(£17,571).  Adding  the  balance  brought  forward,  £7,955,  and 
deducting  further  remuneration  voted  to  the  directfjrn  at  the  iMt 
annual  meeting  £100,  the  profit.^  available  are  £31.565,  a«  com- 
parc<l  with  £23.619,  The  directorH  propoHc  to  dcclore  a  dividend  at 
tho  rate  of  8  per  cent,  absorbing  £2.^,6(.0.  of  which  an  interim 
dividend  of  2i  per  cent,  was  paid  in  August,  1912,  amounting  to 
£8,000.  Last  year  the  dividend  was  at  the  Hame  rate.  The  balance 
to  be  carried  forward  is  £H,965,  uh  compared  with  £7,9."i3.  The 
balance  of  dividend  is  payable  on  March  l.",lh,  less  income-tax.  The 
total  of  the  reserve  account  now  amounts  to  £33,351.  and  the  fnndii 
for  the  redemption  of  plant  supplied  under  hire-purchaee  agree- 
ments amount  to  £2,4!»3.  The  conBtruction  of  the  company's  new 
generating  stations  at  Port  Clarence  and  AyrcKome  was  finished 
during  the  course  of  the  year,  and  the  stations  are  now  running 
satisfactorily  and  have  added  to  the  revenue  ;  some  retention  moneyH 
under  the  contracts  for  construction  have  yet  to  be  paid  to  the  con- 
tractors. The  Bankfoot  Power  Co.'s  new  station  at  Bowden  Close 
was  put  into  operation  in  September,  1912,  and  is  working  satis- 
factorily. The  new  shares  which  the  company  subflcribed  in  the 
Bankfoot  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  lately  been  called  up  to  the  extent 
of  lOs,  per  share,  making  12s.  6d.  per  share  called  up  :  the  directors 
have  also  paid  the  balance  of  7s.  6d.  per  share  in  advance  at  interest. 
The  company  suffered  a  considerable  loss  in  revenue  during  the 
period  of  the  coal  miners'  strike  in  the  early  part  of  the  year,  most 
of  the  stations  being  completely  closed  down  for  a  period  of  some 
weeks.  The  company's  plant  has  been  maintained  in  thoroughly 
efficient  repair  by  the  electrical  power  companies  in  accordance  with 
the  terms  under  which  the  stations  are  operated.  The  directors 
have  under  consideration  some  proposals  for  the  erection  of  further 
plant  in  the  North-Eastern  district  for  the  utilisation  of  ga.s  to  be 
produced  from  coke-ovens. 


London  Electric  Wire  Co.  and  Smiths.  Ltd.— The 

directors  have  declared  a  dividend  of  7s.  Od.  per  share,  less  incr.me- 
tax,  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the  half-year  to  December  31st, 
making  10  per  cent,  for  the  year,  £40,000  being  placed  to  reserve, 
making  £70,000,  £500  reserved  against  fall  in  market  price  of 
investments,  and  £20,793  carried  forward. — iinanc'er. 

Contioental. — Russia. — It  is  reported  from  St.  Peters- 
burg that  the  Saciete  Russe  d'Electricite  Schuckert  &  Co.  is  about 
to  increase  its  capital  with  the  object  of  taking  over  the  Russian 
business  of  the  Siemens  &  Halske  Co.  The  title  of  the  company  is 
to  be  altered  to  the  Socicte  Russe  des  Uslnes  Siemens-Schuckert. 

Australia. — The  At(s/ralian  fining  Shtndard  states 
that  the  capital  of  the  Electric  Light  and  Power  Supply  Corpora- 
tion, Ltd.,  Balmain,  N.S.W.,  is  to  be  increased  by  £50,000.  This 
move  was  decided  upon  at  a  largely  attended  meeting  of  the  share- 
holders held  in  Sydney.  Reports  submitted  by  the  directors, 
general  manager,  and  chief  engineer  showed  the  business  of  the 
company  to  be  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

United  Alhali  Co.,  Ltd. — After  paying  the  preference 
dividend,  £50,000  is  placed  to  the  depreciation  portion  of  the 
reserve  fund  and  £31,000  is  to  be  carried  forward.  There  is  no 
dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares,  as  compared  with  Is.  last  year. 

County  of  Durham  Electrical  Power  Distribution 

Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  on 
the  preference  shares  for  the  year  ended  December  31st. 

County  of  London  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.— The 

directors  have  declared  a  final  dividend  upon  the  preference 
shares  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum,  less  income-tax,  and  on 
the  ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  8  per  cent,  per  annum,  less  income- 
tax,  for  the  half-year  to  December  31st,  making  6  per  cent,  for  the 
year  on  the  ordinary  shares.  £27  500  has  been  placed  to  reserve  for 
depreciation. 

Northern  Light,   Power  and  Coal  Co.,  Ltd.— It  is 

announced  in  the  financial  papers  that  certain  bondholders  in  this 
company  who  are  dissatisfied  with  the  manner  in  which  the 
company's  affairs  are  conducted,  have  called  a  meeting  for  to-day 
at  Salisbury  House,  EC.  to  discuss  the  present  position  of  the 
company  and  to  consider  proposals  for  united  action. 

South  American  Electric  Light  and   Power  Co.— 

According  to  the  Fhunu-iul  ycirs,  after  transferring  £4,000  to  de- 
preciation account,  writing  £2,000  off  preliminary  expenses,  and 
providing  for  the  fuU  dividends  on  the  first  and  second  preference 
shares,  the  accounts  for  1912  show  that  the  credit  balance  cf 
£3,067  brought  forward  was  increased  to  £5,471.  This  amount  it 
is  proposed  to  carry  forward. 

Tynesidc    Electrical    Development  Co.,    Ltd.— The 

directors'  report  states  that  the  profit  for  the  12  months  Ut 
January  31st  amounted  to  £3,212,  plus  £1,989  brought  forward 
The  directors  recommend  a  dividend  of  15  per  cent,  for  the  year 
transferring  to  general  reserve  account  fl.OOn  ( makine  £>;.oco) 
leaving  to  be  carried  forward  £2,601. 


360 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.,  [voi.  72.  no.  1,840,  februam  28, 191s. 


MARKET     QUOTATIONS, 


STOCKS    AND B  SHARES. 


It  should  be  remembered,  in  making:  use  of  the  figures  appeariner 
in  the  followinjf  list,  that  in  some  cases  the  prices  are  only  greneral, 
and  may  vary  according'  to  quantities  and  other  circumBtanoes. 


Wednesday.  February  26th. 


CHEMrCALS,  Ac. 


■  Acid,  Hvdrochlorio  ..        ..  per  ont. 

■  „     Nitric 

I     „     Oxalic  per  lb. 

■  „      Balphuric per  cwt. 

■  Ammoniac  Sal        ,. 

I  Ammonia,  Muriate  (large  crystal)  per  ton 

■  Bleaching  powder „ 

I  Bisulphide  of  Carbon       . .        . .  „ 

I  Borax „ 

I  Copper  Sulphate , 

■  Lead,  Nitrate         ,. 

I       „      White  Sugar          . .         . .  „ 

I       „      Peroxide „ 

•  Methylated  Spirit per  gal. 

I  Potassium,  Bichromate,  in  casks  per  lb. 

I  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %)  ..  per  ton 

I        „       Chlorate per  lb. 

I        „       Perchlorate         . .        . .         „ 
I  Potassium,  Cyanide  (98/100  %) . . 
(for  mining  purposes  only) 

I  Shellac         per  cwt. 

I  Sulphate  of  Magnesia      . .        . .  per  ton 
I  Sulphur,  Sublimed  Flowers      . .         „ 
I        „        Recovered         . .        . .         „ 

I        „        Lump „ 

I  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/72  %)    . .  „ 

I      „     Chlorate       per  lb. 

I      „     Crystals         per  ton 

I  Sodium  Bichromate,  casks        ..  per  lb. 


METALS,  &c, 

b  Aluminium  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  . ,  per  ton 

b           „           Wire,  in  ton  lots    . .  „ 

b           ,,           Sheet,  in  ton  lots   . .  „ 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots     . .        . .  „ 

c  Brass  (rolled  metal  2*  to  13*  basis)  per  lb. 

c     I,     Tube  (brazed)         ..        ..  „ 

c      „         „     (solid  drawn)           , .  „ 

c      ,,     Wire,  basis „ 

c  Copper  Tubes  (brazed)     . .         . .  „ 

c       „           „      (solid  drawS)       . .  „ 

g       H       Bars  (best  selected)       . .  per  ton 

g       „      Sheet  , 

g       „      Bod 

d       II      (Electrolytic)  Bars        . .  „ 

d       „                  „            Sheets      . .  „ 

d       I.                  .,            Bods        ..  „ 

d       „                  „            H.C.   Wire  per  lb. 

/  Ebonite  Bod  

/       „        Sheet        

D  German  Silver  Wire        ..        ..  „ 

ii  Gutta-percha,  fine ,, 

b  India-rubber,  Para  fine  . .        . .  „ 

I  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . .  per  ton 

/     „    Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual.  „ 

g  Lead,  English  Pig „ 

oi  Manganin  Wire  No.  28   ..        ..  per  lb, 

g  Mercury         per  bot, 

e  Mica  (in  original  oases)  small  . .  per  lb, 

e     n               II           II      medium  „ 

e     ..               „            „      large   ..  „ 

o  Nickel,  sheet,  wiro,  &o.  . .  ,, 

p  Phceptior  Bronze,  plain  castings  „ 


Latest 
Price. 


rolled  bars  4  rods         „ 
p         „  ,1  rolled  strip  &  sheet         „ 

o  Platinum       per  oz, 

d  Biliclum  Bronze  Wire      . .        . .  per  lb. 

Steel,  Magnet,  in  bars      . .        . .  per  ton 

g  Tin,  Block  (English)        

0    „     Wire,  Nob.  1  to  18    . .        . .  per  lb. 

p  White  Anti-friction  Metals        . .  per  ton 
A  Zinc,  8b't(VieUle  Montague  bnd.)        „ 


6/- 

22/- 

2jd. 
6/6 

42/- 
£29  10 

£6  6 

£18 
£17  10 

£23 
£29  10 
£27  10 

£32 
2/6 

8M. 
££110 

i 

85/- 
£4  10 
£610 
£5  10 

£6 
£10  6 

Bid. 

£8  6 

8d. 


£95 
£112 
£120 
£38  to  £146 
8id. 

%• 

ejd. 

lUd, 

10|d. 

£81 

£81 

£81 

£6i 

£86 

£74 

9Jd. 

fi/a 

4/9 

1/10 
7/-  to  8/- 

4/8 

60/- 

£14 
£16  16  to  £17 

6/6 
£7  15 
6d.  to  8s. 
8/6  to  6/- 
7/6  to  11/- 
3/6  to  4  6  nom. 
1/2  to  l/3i 

1/2 

l/2i 

186/- 

Ud. 

£60 
£222  to  £223 

2/8 

£45  to  £128 

£29  5 


Fortnight's 
Inc.  or  Dec. 


12/6 


ga.  dec. 
id.  dec. 
Id.  dec. 
|d.  dec. 
Jd.  dec. 
Jd.  dec. 
£2  dec. 
£2  dec. 
£2  dec. 
£7  dec. 
£7  dec. 
£7  dec. 
id.  dec. 


8d.  inc. 
4/8  dec. 


7/6  dec. 
6/6  inc. 


id. dec. 


£1  dec. 
^d.  dec. 


Qnotstlone  supplied  by— 


a  G.  Boor  ±  Oo. 

b  The  British  Aluminium  Co.i  Ltd. 

c  Thos.  Bolton  &  Sons,  Ltd, 

d  Frederick  Smith  &  Co, 

t  F.  Wiggins  A  Sons. 

f  Indls-Rubber,   Qnlta-Percha   and 

Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd. 
g  James  A  Bhakspeare. 
h  Edward  Till  A  Oo. 


/  Boiling  A  Lowe, 

k  Morris  Asbby,  Ltd. 

/  Richard  Johnson  A  Nephew,  Ltd, 

m  W.  T.  Glover  4  Co.,  Ltd. 

n  P.  Ormiston  A  Sons 

o  Johnson,  Matthey  A  Co.i  Ltd 

P 

r  W.  F,  Dennis  A  Oo 


Electrical   Irri^i^ation    Sclieine. — An   association   has 

been  formed  at  Tondern  (Schleswip-Holstein),  to  handle  a 
proposition  to  dam  the  Bredau  estuary.  The  co-t  of  the  echeme  is 
estimated  at  Jtf)X,500,  towards  which  sum  the  State  is  to  advance 
£16,200  and  the  province  of  Sehleswie-Ilolstfin  £2,4."<0,  the 
remainder  beio^  sub-cribed  by  phareholders.  It  is  proposed  to 
build  across  the  estuary  a  large  steel  sluice  which  will  retain  water 
required  for  irrigating  purposrs,  and  will  enable  surplus  water  to 
be  discharged  at  ebb  tide  while  preventing  inundation  of  the 
surrounding  low-lying  land  at  flood  tide.  A  pumoing  station  is  to 
be  erected  to  control  the  water  level  in  the  irrigated  area,  and  a 
central  station  is  to  be  built  to  supply  electrical  energy  to  the 
pnmpe.  The  landowners  in  the  neighbourhood  are  wealthy,  and 
the  scheme  is  so  much  to  their  advantage  that  no  difficulty  is 
anticipated  in  raising  the  £.')0,000  capital  still  required. — -?>i7. 
f.  E.  V.  Af. 


Tuesday  Evening, 

Mabkets,  as  a  whole,  continue  verv  unsettled,  although  part  of  the 
depression  wore  off  on  Monday  upon  the  outlook  for  foreign  politlcB 
liecoming  a  little  less  gloomy.  From  the  news  which  came  in, 
it  was  tliought  that  the  war  in  the  Balkans  mieht  march  to  a  con- 
clusion quicker  than  had  been  expected,  since  Turkey  apparently  is 
not  eager  to  continue  the  struggle.  However,  the  change  was  more 
in  sentiment  than  in  volume  of  business,  and  prices  tended  to 
recede  after  having  been  better  at  the  opening  of  the  week. 

The  managing  director  of  one  of  the  big  trust  companies  told  us 
the  other  day  that  his  board  had  decided  unanimously  to  cease  all 
business  in  stocks  and  shares  for  at  least  a  fortnight.  However 
tempting  might  be  the  underwriting  or  other  proposition  put  before 
them,  these  directors  resolved  to  set  their  faces  against  it.  The 
determination  is  typical,  no  doubt,  of  what  is  happening  in  many 
other  quarters,  individual  as  well  as  joint  stock.  So  it  is  not  sur- 
prising that  prices  should  dwindle  hi  the  absence  of  support  other 
than  that  adventitious  aid  which  is  afforded  by  the  occasional 
climbing  in  of  the  bears. 

New  issues  are  very  chary  of  putting  in  an  appearance  just  now, 
and  several  which  were  promised  for  February  still  repose  in  the 
pigeon-holes  of  their  promoters.  In  view  of  the  chilly  reception 
afforded  toothers  which  have  been  bolder— not  to  say  more  rash — 
the  postponements  are  natural  enough.  Underwriters  themselves 
are  beginning  to  agree  that  discretion  is  by  far  the  better  part  of 
valour. 

The  Home  Railway  market  has  been  disturbed  by  the  difficulties 
which  have  arisen  between  the  Midland  Railway  Company  and  its 
employes  over  the  case  of  the  guard  Richardson.  The  ]^Iidland 
Company,  by  the  •.7ay.  seems  to  be  somewhat  unfortunate  in  its 
relations  with  the  staff.  The  incident  had  its  effect  upon  prices  in 
the  market  at  large,  and  Districts  fell  1}.  Beyond  this  there  is  no 
particular  change,  except  in  the  prices  of  the  pre-ordinary  descrip- 
tions, which  have  receded  still  further.  City  and  South  London 
5  per  cent.  Preference  stocks,  after  their  quartet  of  falls  of  2j  last 
week,  have  continued  to  slump.  District  6  per  cent.  Debenture 
lost  4  points,  and  the  First  Preference  2.  Jletropolitan  3i  per  cent. 
Debenture  stock  fell  1.  and  the  3  J  per  cent.  Consolidated  Preference 
stock  shed  2.  The  same  movement  has  been  going  on  amongst  all 
the  gilt-edged  stocks  of  the  Home  Railway  department,  and  the 
best  class  Home  Railway  Debentures  can  be  bought  now  at  levels 
which  pay  the  round  4  per  cent,  on  the  money  ;  while  in  the  cases 
of  Preference  issues,  4i  to  4 J  per  cent,  can  be  obtained,  with  nearly 
')  per  cent,  on  City  and  South  London  Preferences. 

Underground  Electric  Railways  shares  are  5s.  better  after  their 
sharp  fall,  and  the  6  per  cent.  Income  bonds  regained  their  drop 
of  IJ,  the  meeting  on  Monday  being  hopeful.  London  United 
Tramway  Preference  hare  been  flat,  falling  Ts.  (Jd.  to4g  ;  and 
declines  have  occurred  in  some  of  the  British  Electric  Traction 
issues.     Great  Northern  and  City  Preferred  Ordinary  is  I  lower. 

Dividend  declarations  are  having  little  effect  upon  prices  in  the 
English  electricity  supply  market.  St  James',  Charing  Cross 
and  London  Preference  all  foil  J.  while  Cities  lost  the  lOs.,  which 
they  rose  last  week.  The  County  of  London  declares  its  usual 
dividend  of  8  per  cent.,  making  6  per  cent,  for  the  year,  with 
£27,500  to  reserve  for  depreciation.  There  is  no  change  in  the 
price  of  the  shares.  South  Londons  are  the  turn  better.  In  the 
manufacturing  group  there  is  little  of  interest  to  notice.  Edison 
and  Ssvan  "  A  "  shares  {£.'.i  paid)  strengthened  a  trifle,  there  being 
a  buyer  in  the  market,  and  the  price  is  nominally  -i'b  "P  *t 
^\  middle. 

Affairs  in  Mexico  seem  to  go  from  bad  to  worse,  but  the  fall  in 
the  various  utility  securities  has  been  arrested,  and  a  rather  better 
tone  prevails  in  some  of  the  bonds.  Mexican  Light  and  Power 
First  Gold  bonds  have  rallied  3  points,  and  the  Tramways  Com- 
pany bonds  are  both  better,  Mexico  Tramways  Common  being  a 
point  higher  at  1071  ;  while  Mexican  Electric  Light  5  per  cent.  First 
Mortgage  bonds  are  3  points  up  after  their  severe  fall,  so  that  the 
pronounced  fl  itness  is  being  quietly  wiped  out.  From  the  various 
scrappy  items  of  news  that  come  through  with  regard  to  the 
amount  of  damage  done,  it  would  appear  that  the  soldiers  have  not 
done  much  hurt  to  private  property  up  to  the  present,  except  in  the 
case  of  some  of  the  railways,  upon  which,  if  reports  are  to  be 
believed,  considerable  destruction  has  been  wrought  in  the  way  of 
blowing  up  bridges,  and  so  on. 

(Uher  Traction  issues  are  steady,  with  a  fall  of  .5  in  Kalgoorlie 
"  B "  Debenture,  and  one  of  i  in  Anglo-Argentine  Tramways 
4J  per  cent.  1)  benture.  Lisbon  Fives  are  a  point  higher  at  91  i 
middle.  An  informal  meeting  has  bren  called  for  Friday  in  this 
week  to  discuss  the  pDsition  of  the  affairs  in  the  Northern  Light, 
Power  and  Coal  Company.  Having  regard  to  the  parlous  state  into 
which  the  market  for  the  bands  has  fallen,  and  to  the  fact  that 
they  are  practically  unsaUable  at  about  l.'i,  it  is  not  surprising  that 
steps  should  be  taken  to  inqnre  into  things  generally.  The  London 
board  was  by  no  means  anxious  to  encourage  the  meeting,  on  the 
ground  that  a  formal  meeting  of  the  bondholders  will  be  convened 
by  the  directors  in  the  near  future. 

There  U  so  little  going  o,i  in  the  Telpgraph  market  that  its  affairs 
can  be  dismissed  in  a  few  linis.  The  depression  of  other  markets 
has  caused  a  slight  dulness  amongst  the  leading  issues,  but  the 
only  noticeable  changes  are  small  falls  in  Eastern  Extensions, 
West  India  and  Panama,  and  West  Coast  of  America  shares.  The 
Mackay  issues  are  a  little  duller,  and  telephone  descriptions,  as  a 
whole,  tend  to  the  lower  side.  .Vational  Telephone  Deferred  is 
almost  a  nominal  market,  and  its  quotation  was  removed  from  the 
Stock  Exchange  Official  List  on  Tuesday,  when  the  company's  books 
closed  finally.     Maroonis  are  a  little  eanier  at  4|  middle. 


Vol.72.  No.  i.Hio,  FKnuuAUY2K,  191;).]     ^U]?,    ELEGTHICAL    'W/I>:W 


.{(; 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELECTRICAL     COMPANIES 


ENGLISH    ELECTBICITY    SUPPLY    AND   POWER   COMPANIEM. 


Boornomoath  A  Poolo,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    4i%Pret 

Do,    Beoond  6  %  Pret. 

Do.    4i%Deb.  Btook.. 
Brompton  i  KouBlngton,  Ord... 

Do.    7  2f,Ouin.  Prof 

Oenlrkl   Elootrlo  Bupply,  4  %) 

Ouar.  Deb.  J 

Ohtrlng  Cross,  Woet  Bnd  &  CHy 

Do,    4*%  Cam.  Prof 

Do,     "Clly     Undertaking"! 
4i  %  Gam,  Pret.  / 

Do,         Do,  4%  Deb 

Chelsea,  Ord 

Do,    4J%Deb 

Olty  of  London,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do,     6%  Deb 

Do,    H  %  Beoond  Deb, 
Ooanty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Do,    4}  %  Beoond  Deb, 
Edmandson's,  Ord. 

Do,    6%0am.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Non-Cuni.  Pi-ef,      . . 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort,  Deb.  .. 
Folkestone 

Do,    6  %  Oum.  Pret 

Do.    4i%  First  Deb 

Hove 


100 
6 

Stock 
10 
10 

Stook 
100 
10 
10 

Stook 

Stnok 


Dividends 
tor 


i 


Oloalng 

Rise 

Present 

Qnotationi 
Feb.  S6th, 

+  or 

rield 

Fall 

p,o. 

*  1.  d. 

9*-  m 

S    4    9 

8j-    94  xd 

4  14     » 

93-  1(1}  xd 

B  17     1 

8«  -  n8 

4  11  10 

H*-    H 

(68 

84—    9 

8  IT    9 

95-  98 

4    i    8 

4*-     6 

-  i 

5    0    0 

H-    4i;xd 

4  14     9 

«s-  a 

6    2  10 

9a  —  BI 

4    6     1 

41-     f.i 

4  l.-i    M 

B(i  —  !)!) 

4  in  11 

17  -  18.*, 

-  h 

4    0    6 

18J-  18* 

4    9    0 

U(i  -ISO 

4    8    4 

100  —102 

4    8    3 

lU-  la 

6    0    0 

113-  m 

4  19    9 

104  -lOB 

4    4  11 

98  —101 

4    8    8 

n-  48'''' 

Nil 

18-  1} 

82  —  ga 

6    5  11 

ii~   64 

6  17    1 

ii~  6i 

4  17    7 

90  —  92 

4  17  10 

7i-    8 

6  12    6 

OlTldMld* 

(or 


Kensington  A  Knigbtsbridge,  Ord 

Do,    4%  Dob 

Kent  Eleo.  Power,  4i  %  Deb.  .. 
London  Eleotrlo,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    4  %  First  Mort,  Deb,    . . 
Metropolitan  

Do.    4i  %  Cam.  Pret 

Do.    4l  %  First  Mort,  Deb,  . . 

Do.     BJ  %  Mort.  Deb 

Midland    Eleotrlo  Corporation  I 

44  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Newoastle-onTyno  5  %  Pref., ) 

NonCom. ) 

North  Metropolitan  Power  Sup'  I 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  / 

Netting    Bill,    6  %  Non-Cam. ) 

Pref.; 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Fall  Mall,  Ord, 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    8J%Deb 

Bmithfleld  Markets,  Old, 
Bouth  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    .. 
Bouth  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref,. . 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do,    B%Oum.  Pref 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort,  Deb, . . 
Westminster,  Ordi 

Do,    44%  0am.  Pret 


4 

100 
1 

100 

£3 
6 

100 
6 


;  Btook  4 

j  Btook  44 

6  24 

I        S  6 

Btook  4 

!        B 
I  stock  I 
Stook  I 

I     100 


1013 
81 
4 

!  ** 


Ol00iD«  BlM 

Qnotationi      -f  or 
Kelj.  2Etb.       r>ll 


1i-  81 
90  —  B8 
78  —  80 

1*-    3 

*i-  Bi 
8'J  —  92 

84—    4 

*i-  n 

(7  —100 
84  —  86 
08  -101 

*t-  n 

994-1024 

93-  loi 

6*-    6g 

9  —    ill 

7—74 
84-87 
a-    Iix( 

25-  8? 
97  —100 

U-  U 
96  —  99 

at  bI 

Bih—  674 
82-  9i 
4-    Bi 


TUU 
p.e, 


Mm.  a. 

6   9  1 

4   4  0 

6  12  fl 

8  15  0 

B  14  8 

4    7  0 

6    0  0 


5    9  H 

5  6  8 
4  18  4 

4  0  6 

6  'a  1 

5  0  0 

6  13  0 
4  11  a 


6  3  10 
6  8  1 
4    5    9 


COLONIAL  AND  FOREIGN  ELECTRICITY  SUPPLY  AND  POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Fret 

Calcutta,  Ord 

Do.    5%  Pret 

Calgary  Power,  1st  Mort,  Bde. 
Canadian  Oen.  El.  Com, 

Do,    7  %  Pret 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and  T,,  Ord, 

Do.    5%  Deb 

BlecLt.andP.ofCrihabamba,  1 

S  %  Bonds ) 

Bleo,  Supply  Victciia,  6  %  let  I 

Mort.  Deb.  j 

Elec.  Dev,  Ontario,  6   %    lut ) 

Mort,  Bonds  / 

Kalgoorlle  Eleo.  P,  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

KamlnletlquiaPower,6%  O,  Bs, 

Madras,  Ord.  

Melbourne,  6  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt.,  6  %  1st  M.  Bde. 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do.    7  %  Oum.  Pref 

Oo.    6  %  Ut  Mort,  Gold  Bds, 


6 

8 

6 

6 

8* 

7t 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

$100 

7 

7 

$100 

7 

7 

1 

U 

5 

100 

5 

5 

100 

6 

6    ' 

100 

6 

6 

$600 

6 

6 

10/- 

Nil 

1 

6 

A 

$600 

6 

6 

6 

Nil 

, 

100 

6 

6 

f> 

6 

$100 

4 

4^ 

$100 

7 

7 

6 

6 

64-    68 

68-    U 

92  —  94 
115  -119 
120  —124 

Ji-   ii 

9B  —  99 


90  —  93 

954-  974 


t 
101 J - 

li- 


5    0    8 

6  19    4 

4  16    5 

6    6    6 

-1 

5  17    8 

6  13    0 

5    6    8 

6    1    0 

6    6    4 

5    7    6 

5    2    7 

Nil 

9  16    2 

4  16    7 

4  ie  a 

4-3 

5  16    3 

4  18    9 

6  13    4 

13 

5    5    3 

Monterey  Biy.  Light  &  Power, 

6  %  let  Mort.  Deb. 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power   ., 

Northern,  Lt.,  Powerand  Coal,  1 

6  %  let  Mort.  Bonds  J 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref,      . . 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Stock    .. 

Roy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  I 

1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Bhawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do,    6  %  Con.  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44%  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb. 
Vera  Cruz  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  6  % ) 
Ist  Mort.  Deb.  / 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 
West  Kootenay  Power  and  Lt.,  1 
Ist  Mort,  6  %  Qold  / 


100 

6 

6 

$100 

8 

9t 

$600 

6 

5a 

Stook 

10 

Do. 

B 

8 

Do. 

6 

6 

100 

*J 

4i 

SlOO 

6 

6 

{  $600 

6 

e 

Stock 
Do. 

n 

n 

100 

6 

6 

1 

Hid. 

mi. 

100 

6 

6 

834-  854 
233  -288 


217  —227 
101  -109 
100  —102 

100  -102 
133  —142 
106  —108 
1004—1024 
984—1004 
91  —  94 


Si— 
106  — 1C8 


ii 


+  4 


6  17    0 
8  15    8 


4    8  0 

6  10  1 

4  18  0 

4    8  8 

8  10  5 

4  13  7 
4    7  10 

4    9  7 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amazon  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  &  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do.    CoUat.  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    Det 

Anglo  •  Portuguese   Tel.,  6  %  1 
Mort.  Deb.  / 

OfaiU  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Stlg.  4%  Deb. 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do.     10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.    10%  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  Umted  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg.  Deb.  / 
BsBtern  Telegraph,  Ord.  Btook 

Do.    84%  Pref.  Stock.. 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Eastern  Extension 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Hast  and  S.  Airioa  Tel.  4  %| 

Mt.  Db.  Mauritias  Bab./ 

Globe  Telegraph  and  Trast      .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Great  Northern  Telegraph  ,. 
Indo-European  Telegraph  .. 
Maokay  Companies  Oonnimon  , . 

Do.    4%  Oum.  Pref 

Uaroonl's  Wireless  Telegraph 
-    Do.    1%  Com.  Partlo.  Pref. 


10 

4 

Ml 

stock 

6 

6 

$100 

8 

8t 

$1000 

4 

4 

stock 

8 

H 

Do. 

« 

6 

I    Do. 

80/- 

100 

6 

6 

6 

7 

R 

:  stock 

4 

4 

1       10 

« 

Bt 

10 

10 

10 

[        6 

4 

4t 

6 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

100 

a 

«i 

stock 

7 

7t 

Do. 

84 

84 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7+ 

Stook 

4 

4 

1      "^ 

« 

4 

1      10 

8 

6+ 

10 

B 

B 

j       10 

1H 

18 

26 

1,S 

Bt 

,       lUO 

6 

6 

;    $100 

4 

4 

I 

2U 

-      L 

17 

Hi-  n    - 


6    0    0 

6    0    6 

-4 

6  17    3 

4    6    0 

4    8    3 

6    7     7 

-i 

6     1  10 

4  16    3  1 

5     17 

4  18    9 

6    9    9 

6  17    8 

6    6    8 

7    8    2 

B  16    7 

4    9    0 

6    3    0 

4    7    6 

4    1    8 

-  i 

6     4    8 

4    2     1 

3  19    8 

6    9    1 

4  18    2 

5 14  3  ; 

5  10    2 

—1 

5  U  11 

-1 

5  14    4 

4  10    1 

-4 

4  .7    9 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord.  , 
Do.     6  %  Pref. 


New  York  Telep.,  4*%  Gen.  Ends. 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Elec. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4%  Red.  Deb 

Pacific  and  European  Tel., i%\ 
Guar.  Debs.  / 

Router's        

Submarine  Cables  Trust  . . 

Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  %  1 
Deb.  Bed.  / 
United  Biver  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6%  Cam.  Pret 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to  1,6001 

guar,  by  Braz.  Bub.  Tel. ) 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  1st  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  and  Pref, 

Do,    6%  Debs 

Western  'Telegraphi  Ltd, 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg,  Bonds 


Stock 

Do. 

10 

Cert. 


100 
10 
10 
10 
100 
10 
Stook 
$1000 


6 

fit 

6 

6 

44 

44 

8 

fii 

6 

6 

4 

4 

4 

4 

10 

10) 

6 

6 

a 

4i 

8 

6 

E 

H 

4 

4 

24 

14+ 

H 

6     : 

6 

6 

6 

6 

7 

7t 

4 

4 

«i 

44 

._. 

— 

98j^89^ 
97A-  994 

Hi-  n; 

127  —180 

95  —  97 
7A-    7A 

61-      Bi 
li-    14 

96  —  98 
3  -    8J 

10  —  104 

94—  10 
101  —103 

184-  isa 

95  —  97 
974  -1004 


6  18  0 
6  14  8 
4  10  8 
4  11  6 
4  18  fi 
4    8  11 

10    5 

8  10  3 
4  12    4 

-1  I  4  U  9 
—A  6  5  10 
..       4    8  11 

-A     *    3     < 

..     '418 

-4 

6  14  3 

..       6    0  0 

..       4  17  1 

6    3  9 

4    2  6 

4  10  0 


^Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are 'folly  paid.        -  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants.  t  Interim  Dividend. 


t  8a.  In  E^mded  DiTidend  Certi. 


CONTINUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


362 


THE    ELECTKICAL    KEVIEW,    [Voi.72.   No.  1,840,  fkbkuaby  28,  i9in. 


SHARE    LIST    OF    ELECTRICAL    COMPANIES.-(r.    '     </) 

ELECTBIC   BAILWATS   AND   TRAMWAYS.— HOME. 


Bath  Tnuns,  Pret,  Ord 

Do.    6%PTeJ 

Do.    H  %  Deb 

Brit.  Elec.  Trao.,  6  %  Pref,     . . 
Do.        Do.  Deferred 

Do.  6%Cum.Pr'f. 

7%  Non-Cam.  Pr'f. 
6  9  .  Perp.  Deb.      . . 
4^  %  and  Deb.       . . 
Central  London  Bkllway,  Ord. 

Do,    Pref 

Do.    Def 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

City  A  Boath  London,  Ord. 
Do.    6%  Pref.,  1891    .. 
Do.         1896    .. 
Do.         1901     .. 
Do.         1908    .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

DnbUn  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 
Great  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Bastings  Trams,  6  %  Pret. 

Do.    4*  %  Deb 

sle  of  Thanet  Trams,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  B  %  Deb.  . . 

London  Elec.  Railw'ys,  4  %  Deb. 

London  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 


Do. 
Oo. 
Do. 
Do. 


Do, 
Do. 
Do. 


Stock 

DWldendsl 

Share. 

lor       I 

1 

, 

1911. 

1913. 

1 

Ml) 

Nil 

1 

6 

B 

100 

ill 

*>l 

100 

100 

100 

6 

fi 

100 

1 

100 

5 

6 

100 

M 

44 

100 

8 

8 

100 

4 

4 

100 

3 

•2 

100 

4 

4 

100 

18 

100 

6 

0 

100 

R 

s 

100 

6 

6 

100 

E 

5 

100 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6 

10 

Nil 

Nil 

1 

fi 

6t 

100 
5 

^ 

♦4 

24 

100 

4 

4 

100 

B 

S 

100 

4 

4 

10 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

Closing 


7i*: 

104- 
44- 

85i- 
85)1- 
91'- 
77  - 
77  - 
8.1  - 
77  - 
88  - 


113- 

2g- 


24- 
7B  - 
73  - 
94  - 

4i- 


-  81 

-  19* 

-  6% 

-  88i 

-  38i 

-  95 

-  81 

-  79 

-  R4xd 

-  79 
-100 

-103  xd 
-1(  3  id 
-101  xd 
-101  xd 

-  Oil 

-  12^i  xd 

-  n 


Rise 

Present 

+  or 

Yield 

Fall 

P.O. 

£  e.  d. 

NU 

6    B    I 

B  11    1 

:: 

-u 


-34 


5  5  3 

6  7  3 
8  IS  11 
4  IB  3 

3  10  H 

4  0  0 

4  i?  1 

4  17  1 

4  1»  U 

4  19  0 

4    0  10 

4  18  0 
Nil 

7  7  8 
6    1  7 

4  15  3 

5  0  0 

6  5  0 


Metropolitan  Railway  Ooniol. . . 

Do.    Sorplae  Lands    . . 

Do,    84%  Deb 

Do.    85%  Pref 

Do.    B*  %  Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  District  Ord, 

Do.    6  %  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4  %  Prior  Lien    . . 

Do.    4J  %  First  Pref 

Do.    8J%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Elec.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4}%  Deb 

Do.    B%Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i  %  Deb 

Boath  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Undergroand     Elec.    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cam.  Inc.  Deb 

Do.    4i%  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 


Stock 

OlTldends 

Share. 

lor 

, 

1911. 

1913. 

100 

>i! 

Ill 

100 

s; 

a  t 

100 

8 

8 

100 

8 

8 

100 

8 

a 

100 

Nl 

Ni 

100 

« 

6 

100 

4 

4 

100 

4 

4 

100 
100 

^ 

^ 

1 

(i 

5t 

1      1 

6 

E 

\    100 

«4 

44 

100 

6 

E 

1 

84 

1 

6 

E 

100 

44 

44 

1 

6 

100 

4 

4 

10 

1/- 

100 

6 

100 

^ 

44 

lOO 

H 

6  1 

5 

Nil 

5 

s 

3t 

100 

44 

«i 

Closing 

Rise 

Quotations 

+  or 

Fell.  SSth. 

Fall 

— 

61 ;-  52i 

61  -  63 

81  -  Hi 

-1 

ea  -  84 

M  —  83 

-2 

*',-  3?; 

-'i 

185  -187 

-4 

93  —  95 

98  —100 

1 

85  -  87  .N.l 

-2 

75  —  77 

1^-     1^ 

ii-    ;i',xd 

8j'-  92- 

04  —  97 

f^^^ 

85  —  88 

.^7$^ 

1-  ''h 

+  1 

lll*-II3i 

95  —  96 

94*-  95* 

a|^  H 

+  14 

+  'i 

80-84 

RLECTRICAL    RAILWAYS    AND    TRAMWAYS.— COLONIAL   AND    FOREIGN. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  Ist  Pref.     . . 

Do.    Snd  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4}  %  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Aockland  Trams,  E  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Elec.  B.  i  Trams,  Ptef. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.     5  %  "Jnd  Deb. 
Brazilian  TrBction  Light    and  ) 
Power  / 
Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ord.     . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B.  Colombia  Elec.  Rly.,  Def.    . . 

Do,    Pref.  Ord 

Do.    B%Pref 

Do,    4*  %  Ist  Mori.  Deb.      . . 

Do.    44  %  VancouTer  Deb.    . . 

Do.    4i%Con.  Deb 

CalCDtta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pre/. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

City  Baenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr.  &  Lt. ,  6  %  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  .. 

Do.    E%ADeb 

Oo.    6%BDeb, 


5 
6 

n 

It 

100 

4 

4 

100 

44 

44 

too 

6 

fi 

100 

fi 

R 

10 

6 

A 

100 

44 

44 

lOO 

E 

6 

$11)0 

6i 

E 

8 

81 

E 

« 

5 

100 

44 

i\ 

100 

8 

100 

8 

« 

100 

E 

E 

40 

4 

i 

100 

4 

4 

>    100 

4 

4: 

E 

7 

5 

E 

E 

fi 

100 
1 

^ 

44 

5 

b 

fii 

100 

fi 

E 

100 

fi 

fi 

$1000 

E 

fi 

1 

Nil 

100 

fi 

fi 

100 

6 

8 

41-    54 

4^-  m 

92i-  94* 

fsl-icoj 

98|— 100* 
101  —KB" 
11  —  IQ 

96  —  98 

97  —  9» 


97-93  — 


74-  7i 
42-  6i 
100  — lOS 
139  —143 
11(1  -ia:i 
i05  -108 

100  —103 

101  —103 
96*-  il84 

Sj-  6} 
4f|-  6/, 

97  —ion 

S-     '? 

fi-  ■'•■; 

97  —100 
93  —  97 
99  —103 
A-      A 

88  —  88 
25  —  .-iS 


5    7    4 

6  14    8 

4    4    8 

-4 

4     9    7 

4  19    fi 

4  17     1 

5    0    0 

4  11   10 

5     1     0 

-4 

., 

5    5    0 

., 

4  15    S 

4    7    5 

5  •■'    0   i 

4-17    7   , 

4  12    7 

,, 

4    7    6 

4    7    6: 

4    6     4; 

5  12    I) 

4  17    7 

4  10    0   1 

4  'fi  11 

5    0    0 

6    S     1 

4  17     1 

Nil 

5  13    8 

—6 

La  Plata  Bleo.  Trms,  Ord . 

Do,    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  . . 
Manaos  Trams  &  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Gen.  Con.  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys.  &  Lt.,  Ord.     . . 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    5%  Ist  Deb 

Perth  (W. A.)  Elec.  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    5%l6t.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Sap.,  Pref. .. 

Do.    44%  1st  Deb 

Bio de  Janeiro  Trams,  IstMort.  I 
5  %  Bonds  I 

Do.    6  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Sao  Paulo  Tram,  Lt.  and  P.  ' 
6  %  1st  Deb.  < 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Southern  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  E  %  Deb. 
Dn.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  video  . . 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    6%  ist  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo.  Rly.,  41  %  Deb. 


1 

Nil 

1 

1 

6 

1 

« 

fi) 

I 

6 

A 

100 

fi 

R 

!     100 

5 

R 

1     100 

R 

fi 

$1000 

6 

E 

$100 

7 

7t 

fi 

6 

100 

6 

A 

6 

10 

101 

E 

6 

A 

100 

fi 

B 

1 

5 

64 

100 

B 

fi 

6 

6 

A 

100 

44 

44 

fi 

6 

100 

E 

E 

$600 

R 

E 

100 

R 

fi 

100 

fi 

fi 

6 

7 

6t 

fi 

A 

6 

100 

fi 

E 

100 

4J 

a 

lOS  - 

68- 

07  - 
101  - 

96  - 
1034- 


99  - 
1004- 


■   n 

■  I 

■    IS 

1* 

67 

+  i 

103 

90 

100  xd 

100 

+  1 

95 

41 

101 

1-1 

7Z 

bi 

101 

5iS 

99 

98 

1054 

90 

99 

M 

103 
1034 

MANlTFACTURINe  COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Baboook  A  Wllooz 

Do,    Pref.  

British  Aluminiom,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    B  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  Stk 

B.I.  ft  Helsby  Cable 

Do.    Pref,  

Do.    Deb 

Brii.sh  Thomson- Houston,  Deb. 
British  Westlnghoose,  Pref.    . . 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  Llndley,  Ord 

Do.     Pref.  

Brush,  7%  Pref 

Oo,    E  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     , . 

Do.    4i%  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second. Deb. 
Cnllender's'abU 

Oo.     Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Uaitnar-Eellner 

Do,    Deb 


1 

A 

1 

A 

A 

1 

38 

14t 

1 

6 

A 

1 

Nil 

1 

Nil 

100 

E 

E 

100 

R 

5 

6 

10 

81 

R 

A 

« 

100 

44 

44 

100 

^. 

A 

8 

Nl! 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

A 

1 

a 

Nil 

Ni) 

100 

E 

E 

100 
100 

n 

a 

E 

U 

101 

R 

E 

E 

100 

44 

44 

1 

90 

20 

100 

44 

44 

4-     i 

ii-    I* 

li-  i< 

91  _  94"' 
87  —  90 
84-  89 
63-  6i 
102  -104 
9<;*-  354 

58  —  6!* 
100  —103 

a/- -8/. 

4/8 -6i 
0-  i 
73  —  78 
40  —  46 
28  —  82 
11  —  113 
42-  6i 
91  —100 

108  —106 


8    0    0 

7    2    2 

,^ 

4    0    0 

4     0    0 

-A 

5    6    6 

6  U     1 

5  15  11 

4  16    0 

4    0    7 

4  11    5 

Nil 

6  11     3 

5  16    6 

Nil 

Nil 

NU 

6    8    2 

10    0    0 

14     1     4 

6    7    6 

4  17    7    ' 

4  10    0 

5    6     0 

4     4  11 

OomptonAOo 

Do.    Deb 

Dlok,  Kerr 

Do.    Pret 

Do.    Deb 

Edison  &  Swan,  A,  £S  paid 

Do,    fully  paid  .. 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Do,    R  %  Second  Deb, 
Bleotrlo  Construction    .. 

Do,    Pref 

Greenwood  ft  Batley,  Pref, 

Do,    Deb 

General  Electric,  Pref,  . . 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

India-Rubber,  G,  ft  T.    . . 

Do,    Pref 

Telegraph  Oonstrootion.. 

Do.    Deb 

Willans  ft  Robinson 

Do,    Pref 

Do,    Deb 


a 

100 


100 
E 
B 

100 

100 
3 
9 
10 

100 


13 
100 


65  —  67 

^1^      I' 
95  —  98 

1  -   l| 

81  —  66 
72  —  75 

i|—   2 

74-  8 
93-94 

9J-  lOJ 
90-96 
13  —  183 

«i-  BJ 
101  —103 
10  —  11 

86  —  SB 
964- 


tZ 


Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid,     t  Interim  dividend. 


Bank  rate  •!  Olteeunt  6  D«r  o«nt..  Ootobar  17thi  1912. 


Vol.  73.  No.  1,810.  FKHuuA.tv  aH.  19111.  ]  THJil    ELECTRICAL    KEVIEW. 


:v;:j 


AUSTRALIAN    TRAMWAY    COMPANIES 
AND    THEIR    EMPLOYES.    XI. 

(C'onchii/ril  /'ruin  /nif/f  2'.)U.) 

TAKl.Nt;  first  tho  case  of  Adelaiiie.  In  Article  I.\  (.Vol.  72,  pauu  I 'J  I) 
it  wuH  stated  that  after  the  evidcnuu  as  tu  the  cost  of  livini;  in  tho 
various  cities  of  Australia  had  been  taken  that  confercncus  between 
the  partiesmitrht  ofTect  an  aKTeeinunt.  When  the  Court  met  on  Decem- 
ber I'lth,  tho  Judjrc  was  informed  that  th(!  Adelaide  Trust  had  met 
the  men.  The  suggestions,  /<■ ''  battlers,"  were  not  in  their  present 
form  aoceptablo  to  the  men  and  required  consideration,  but  tho 
Trust  also  deman<led  that  tho  afrreement  should  be  made  under 
Part  t;  of  the  Act,  makingf  it  a  voluntary  agreement.  The  Judi;u 
stated  this  was  not  allowable,  as  it  must  bo  under  Sec.  21,  to 
make  it  binding:,  and  he  would  allow  no  other  course,  the  case 
having  come  before  him. 

.Mr.  Goodman  then  argued  that  the  dispute  did  not  extend  beyord 
one  State,  and  conseciuently  did  not  come  within  the  scope  of  the 
Act,  and  proceeded  to  deal  with  various  points  in  the  Union's 
claims. 

The  Judge  intimated  on  several  of  the  points  the  form  his  award 
would  take.  While  reserving  all  rights  of  the  Trust,  Mr.  Goodman 
met  the  Judge  wherever  possible,  accepting  his  decision  that,  pro- 
vided the  managpnient  were  the  sole  judge  of  eflBciency,  promotion 
should  go  by  efficiency,  and  in  the  event  of  equal  efficiency,  by 
seniority.  Mr.  Goodman  objected  to  the  claim  that  a  non-employe 
should  have  access  to  the  depots  to  collect  the  men's  Union  sub- 
scriptions, and  also  to  the  claim  for  three  minutes'  waiting  time  at 
termini. 

In  conclusion,  Mr.  Goodman  asked  the  Judge  to  take  into  con- 
sideration the  financial  position  of  the  undertaking  and  the  cost  to 
the  ratepayers  which  increases  in  the  working  expenses  would  entail, 
since  it  was  not  possible  to  increase  the  income  by  raising  the  fares. 
The  Judjje  dissented  from  the  view  that  these  financial  considera- 
tions should  be  allowed  to  influence  him.  These  deficits  were 
caused  by  payments  to  a  sinking  fund  wliich  was  equivalent  to  a 
repayment  of  capital,  and  he  did  not  consider  that  this  ought  to  be 
done  at  tho  expense  of  the  workers.  He  would  take  wages  first 
and  then  consider  their  financial  position. 

The  Adelaide  award  when  published  was  in  general  similar  to 
the  Brisbane  one  already  referred  to.  The  schedule  of  wages  arc 
practically  identical.  Although  they  are  an  improvement  in  most 
cases  on  the  rates  at  present  paid,  and  to  British  readers  seem  very 
high,  they  fall  considerably  short  of  the  men's  request. 

Take  the  principal  cases — motormen  and  conductors.  The  men 
Hsked  for  Us.  per  day  ;  they  are  awarded,  first  year  of  service.  8s.  Gd. ; 
second,  9s. ;  third  and  -.mbsequent  years,  Os.  Gd.  Overhead  wiremen, 
including  linesmen.  The  sum  asked  was  12s.  per  day  ;  they  were 
awarded  10a.  Firemen  in  charge  of  less  than  four  fires  asked 
12s.,  and  were  awarded  lOs.  Labourers  asked  9s.  per  day  and 
obtained  f^s. 

The  Adelaide  award  principally  differed  from  the  Brisbane  one 
in  not  demanding  preference  for  members  of  the  Union.  Minor 
differences  are  a  definite  minimum  of  27  minutes  for  motormen 
and  conductors'  meal  relief  and  a  definite  minimum  two  minutes' 
wait  at  termini.  The  men  asked  for  30  minutes  and  a  minimum 
wait  of  three  minutes. 

The  Judge,  in  making  the  award,  pointed  out  that  the  men's 
Union  wanted  higher  rates  than  the  8s.  6d.,  9s.  and  Us.  6d.  awarded 
to  motormen  and  conductors,  while  the  Trust  urged  him  to  award 
the  conductors  less,  as  they  employed  a  large  number  of  young  men. 
As  it  was  impossible  for  him  to  please  both  parties,  he  had  kept  the 
two  rates  equal,  as  he  saw  no  sufficient  ground  for  differentiation. 
He  had  also  gone  carefully  into  the  question  raised  by  the  men 
that,  owing  to  the  high  cost  of  rents  and  living  in  Adelaide,  they 
should  be  awarded  higher  rates  than  in  the  eastern  cities.  This  much 
was  certain,  that  the  cost  of  living  had  been  increasing  more  or  less 
steadily  throughout  the  eastern  States,  andthatin  Adelaide  rentcalled 
for  at  the  present  time  a  considerably  larger  proportion  of  a  poor 
man's  income  than  in-  Melbourne.  But  he  could  not  find  any 
justification  for  making  a  difference  in  a  rate  ruling  for  four  or 
five  years,  in  what  might  be  a  temporary  variation. 

With  reference  to  the  remaining  cases,  the  Judge  stated  that 
he  did  not  consider  there  was  any  real  dispute  in  the  case  of  the 
small  horse-car  undertaking  at  Coburg. 

Melbourne  and  Perth  had  settled  their  differences  by  definite 
agreements,  as  already  stated  in  these  articles. 

The  remaining  cases,  namely,  North  Melbourne,  Northcote, 
Ballarat  and  Bendigb,  Hobart,  Prahran-Malv*>rn  and  Fremantle, 
gave  considerable  trouble.  There  were  several  conferences  between 
the  parties,  at  some  of  which  the  Judge  was  present,  and  eventually 
agreements  were  made  in  each  case,  though  too  late  for  binding 
signatures  to  be  obtained. before  the  close  of  the  year. 

In  the  case  of  North  Melbourne,  the  motormen  and  conductgra 
«"ere  to  receive  88.  Gd;  "per  day  first  year,  9s.  eecohd,  and  98.  6d, 
^u"bs€q\ient  rears.  '  It  -diffeired  from  Melbourne  in  that  it  did 
not;provide:for;«nnu8l  le&ve,  oteartra  pay  pnSundaysor  extra  time 
on  holjilftye.      .   .      •, ,. -..■'   ^.  ■      • "  '  : 

At  Northcote'a  fl.'at  rate"  of  98.  2d. 'per.  day .  was  agreed  on  for 
gripraen  and  conductors ;  the  working  day  to  consist  of  eight 
hours,  with  oYerliriie  at  the  rate'of' tirrie  and'a  quarter  for  the  first 
koux,  and  timeTand.a  half  afterward:-.     Ordinary  rates  for  Sunday 


work  and  no  annual  leave.     I''ur  work  on  public  holidky-'  time  and 
a  c|uiirter  for  flrnt  hour,  an<l  time  and  a  half  lutej , 

Tho  Hoburt  iigrc^incnt  followH  ISrJHbanc  and  Adiduido  in  granting 
.^1*.  Gd.,  9m,  and  9m.  Gd.  prr  doy  to  motormen,  and  /ivcn  •u;ii\i,t      .r, 
duutors    Is.   |>er   hour.     Ti-n  duyH  annual   leave  on   nine   dny-    i     . 
double    rates    f<jr   Kunday    work,    and    overtime    rat««    for    j      m^ 
holidays 

At  Hallarat  and  liendigu  the  agreement  watt  to  take  effect  from 
December  Ist,  and  continue  till  .lune  l.^lh,  1916.  The  working 
hours  were  to  br^  101  per  fortnight.  The  raten  of  pay  to  be  : — 
Motormen,  Is.  lid.  per  hour  ;  conductfjr",  over  21  yearK  of  a^e,  1». 
per  hour  ;  under  21,  :f2B,  Gd.  piT  week  for  firnt  nix  monthM,  3Gm,  lOd. 
afterwards.  At  least  ."di  per  cent,  of  the  conductor-s  wore  to  Ix; 
over  21  years  of  age.  (.'asual  motormen  were  to  i>e  guaranteed  I.5h. 
per  week,  or  two-thirdH  of  the  statutory  wage.  Coaual  conductorn 
to  be  guaranteed  t2s.  per  week  Seven  dayh'  annual  leave  for  nix 
days'  pay,  and  time  and  a  <|uarter  for  Sunday  work  and  pablic 
holidays.  Time  and  a  quarter  for  lirHt  hour's  overtime,  and  tirao 
and  a  half  afterwards. 

At  Fremantle  and  Prahran-Malvern  there  were  diff<;renceH,  prin- 
cipally on  small  points  :  at  Fremantle  they  were  finally  >armounted 
and  the  agreement  was  sealed,  but  at  I'rahran-Malvem  the  pro- 
posals were  not  accepted  by  the  men.  '  The  . I udge  finally  stated 
that  he  should  make  an  award  which  would  be'  suspended  by  a 
direct  agreement  between  the  parties  if  arrived  at  before  January 
1st.  The  general  terms  were  comparable  to  those  agreed  on  in  the 
other  cases. 

The  final  proceedings  in  this  long  case  consisted  of  the  choice  of  the 
representatives  of  both  companies  and  Union  for  the  various  Boards 
of  Reference  provided  for  in  the  awards  and  ngreements.  The 
Judge  then  stated  that  in  the  event  of  any  of  the  agreements  not 
being  completed  and  filed  by  January  14th,  awards  based  on  the 
Melbourne  Tramway  Co.'s  agreement  would  be  made  and  come  into 
operation.  It  remains  to  be  seen  whether  this  almost  historic 
dispute  which  has  demanded  the  close  attention  of  the  leaders  and 
managers  on  both  sides,  withdrawing  them  from  their  proper  work 
for  so  long  a  period,  will  result  in  peaceful  and  harmonious  working 
between  the  two  essential  factors  in  tramway  success,  workers  and 
employers. 


The  Cunstitution  of  Natter, — In  the  rouise  of  an 

address  at  a  Science  Exhibition  which  is  being  held  at  Surbiton, 
Sir  J.  Crichton-Browne  referred  to  the  recent  researche.i  of  Sir 
\Vm.  Ramsay  and  others,  and  Sir  J.  J,  Thomson,  and  pointed  out 
that  the  view  supported  by  the  latter,  that  every  atom  consisted 
of  an  unchanging  core  combined  with  an  outer  shell  which  wa,<< 
subject  to  modifications,  strongly  reminded  the  biologist  of  the 
ultimate  organic  cell,  which  also  possessed  an  inner  core  (the  nucleus) 
and  an  outer  shell.  Similarly  Sir  J.  J,  Thomson  had  said  that 
an  atom  was  a  part  of  an  element  which  had  a  certain  individuality, 
but  was  liable  to  modification  by  association  with  other  atoms,  a 
view  which  the  lecturer  compared  with  the  unchangeable  heredity 
of  the  living  being,  whose  development,  however,  was  capable  of 
being  modified  by  association  with  other  living  ■  beings.  He 
suggested  that  there  might  be  great  fundamental  idea-s  such  as 
these  which  were  common  to  both  the  organic  and  the  inorganic 
world,  and  which,  studied  in  connection  with  design,  would  lift  \ib 
above  a  shallow  materialism  and  deepen  in  us  a  sense  of  reverence. 

L.C.C.  and  Electrical  Workers'  Honrs  and  Wajres. — 

A  Committee  of  the  L.C.C.  reported  at  Tuesday's  meeting  having 
given  careful  consideration  to  the  representations  of  the  Electrical 
Trades  Union  that  the  rates  of  wages  and  hours  of  labour  paid  by 
the  Council  to  armature  winders  and  magnet  or  coil  winders  should 
be  increased  from  9d.  to  lOid.  an  hour,  and  from  7d.  to  8id.  an 
hour,  respectively.  "  The  representations  appeared  more  parti- 
cularly to  be  directed  to  the  rates  paid  at  the  central  car  repair 
depot  at  Charlton,  and  the  minimum  asked  for  appeared  to  be  based 
on  the  nature  and  quality  of  the  work  there  performed.  From 
inquiry  made  we  are  satisfied  that  the  minimum  rate  at  present 
recognised  in  London  for  armature  winders  is  9id.  an  hour,  and 
we  recommend  that  this  rate  should  be  inserted  in  the  Council's 
list.  We  have  asked  the  Highways  Committee  to  consider  the 
representations  of  the  Union  that  a  rate  higher  than  the  minimum 
should  be  paid  to  the  men  employed  at  the  central  car  repair 
depot.  We  are  not  yet  prepared  to  report  as  to  the  rate  of  wages 
of  magnet  and  coil  winders.'  It  was  recommended  :  "That  the 
list  of  rates  of  wages  and  hours  of  labour  be  amended  by  increasing 
to  9id.  an  hour  the  rate  of  wages  of  armature  winders.'' 

Miners'  Safety  Lamp.— On  January  28rd.  says  the 
'  Medrical  ^ orld,  the  American  Museum  of  Safety,  New  York, 
awarded  the  Rathenau  gold  medal  to  Mr.  T.  A.  Edison  for  his 
electric  safety  lamp.  Two  of  his  nickel-iron  storage  cells  are  used, 
in  a  nickelled  steel  case,  which  may  be  locked.  The  lamp  is  carrieil 
on  the  miner's  cap,  and  is  mounted  in  a  fitting  pro\nded  with  i> 
parabolic  reflector  and  a  thick  glass  lens  ,  the  miner  cannot  tampei 
with  the  lamp  withoufbreaking  a  mechanical  seal.  The  connection 
between  the  lamp  and  the  "battery  Cwhich  is  attached  to  a  waist- 
belt)  is  made  by  means  of  a  twin-conductor  flexible  cord,  provided 
.with  a  plug  terminal  which,  when  pushed  into  a  socket  on  the 
Battery  case,  becomes  locked  and  cannot  be  removed  without 
unlocking  the  case.  The  battery  weighs  about  2  lb,,  and  has  an 
E.ii.F.'of  2'i' volte',  and  a  capacity  of  4  ampere-hours.  The  tiingsten 
lamp  (Jives  2  C.F. 


364 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    [Voi.72.  no.  i,84o,  februart  28, 1913. 


WAGES    AND    HOLIDAYS    IN    CENTRAL 
STATIONS. 


Bv  JOSEPH  t*.  AIXSWORTH,  A.M.I.E.B. 


Ix  recent  yeai-s  in  many  central  stations  a  general  feeling  of 
dissatisfaction  has  existed  over  the  very  important  question 
of  wages  paid.  The  success  of  recent  strikes,  and  the  frank 
iidraission  of  the  Government  that  the  cost  of  living  has  in- 
t Teased  in  greater  proportion  than  the  increase  of  wages, 
liave  tended  to  bjing  the  various  sections  of  a  central 
-station  together,  and  led  them  to  request  for  a  considera- 
tion by  the  Electricity  Committee  of  the  altered  conditions 
in  the  cost  of  living  and  the  necessity  of  a  general  increase 
in  payment  of  their  employes. 

Charge  engineers  have  been  grumbling  over  their  ridiculous 
maximum  of  o.'js.  per  week  ;  switchboard  attendants  have 
lieen  disheartened  at  their  level  20s.  pi-r  week  ;  drivers  and 
firemen  have  said  that  theirs  was  a  non-living  wage,  and 
that  for  years  they  ha\e  had  no  Sunday  off.  In  a  few 
stations  the  different  sections  of  the  staff  have  discussed 
methods  suggested  by  the  Electricity  ("ommittee  to  improve 
conditions.  In  one  or  two  stations  the  men  have  united  and 
have  affiliated  with  some  jiowerful  Trade  Union.  Some 
have,  indeed,  already  obtained  better  treatment  in  both  time 
and  pay. 

Lea\ing  the  other  sections  for  a  more  convenient  season, 
this  article  deals  with  that  of  charge  engineei-s  and  switch- 
board attendants  only,  who,  without  having,  like  the  men, 
recourse  to  applying  pressure  by  votes,  or  the  seductive  per- 
suasions of  a  threatened  strike,  which  would  throw  the  whole 
town  into  darkness,  made  use  of  personal  and  written  appli- 
ciitions  for  increases  of  salary  and  for  the  fixing  of  a 
sliding  scale  from  a  minimum  to  a  maxinmm,  with  the  \iew, 
which  was  (juite  legitimate,  of  knowing  exactly  what  the 
prospects  were  in  their  station. 

In  a  certain  provincial  central  station,  after  several  uidivi- 
ilual  applications  for  an  increase  of  salary  had  each  beeii 
promptly  acknowledged,  but  had  not,  however,  proved  suc- 
cessful, it  was  considered  high  time  to  take  the  next  step 
and  send  in  a  folledivn  application  to  the  ElectHcity  Com- 
mittee, showing  the  much  larger  output  of  the  generating 
station,  its  greatly  increased  capacity  of  plant,  and  the  con- 
sequent larger  number  of  duties.  The  result  was  as  un- 
expected as  it  was  curious.  One  of  the  applicants  received 
an  increase  of  .^)S.  per  week,  while  a  new  arrival,  who,  by  the 
way,  was  more  experienced  than  a  few  of  his  predecessors, 
was  taken  on  to  fill  a  vacant  position  with  5s.  per  week 
less  ! 

Another  method  of  procedure  had  to  be  adopted.  It  was 
argued  that  if  it  could  be  proved  that  in  other  central 
stations  of  similar  capacity  and  output  better  conditions  pre- 
vailed, then  a  clear  case  would  have  been  made  out  for  better 
treatment.  The  chief  was  interviewed,  and  in  a  few  days 
reported  that  the  Committee  would  like  to  be  shown  that  a 
better  state  of  matter's  existed  elsewhere. 

Accordingly,  a  covering  letter  was  sent  to  some  .58  elec- 
tricity works:  answers  to  the  following  questions  were 
asked  for,  and  a  definite  reason  was  given  : — 

{(i)  Charf/c  Engineers:  (1)  Xumber  employed;  (2) 
Minimum  salary  ;  (3)  Maximum  salary  ;  (4)  .\verage  hours 
}ier  week  ;  (.5)  Sunday  arrangements  ;  (G)  Holiday  arrange- 
ments ;  and  (7)  Emergency  arrangements. 

(b)  Swikhhoard  atlendanf)' .-  The  same  seven  questions. 

About  47  replies  arrived  rn  time  to  be  of  use.  In  every 
case  a  stamped  addressed  envelope  had  been  enclosed.  In 
many  of  the  replies  a  request  was  made  for  a  copy  of  the 
tabulated  results.  As  there  is  no  central  station  but  takes 
in  at  least  two  or  three  copies  of  the  Electrical  Review, 
it  is  certain  that  this  contribution  will  furnish  more  than 
interesting  reading.  It  is  a  pity  those  stations  that  asked 
for  a  copy  of  the  tables  accompanying  this  short  article 
forgot  to  enclose  a  stamfjed  addressed  envelope,  as  had  been 
done  when  they  had  been  written  to.  However,  we  now 
thank  them  all  for  the  valuable  information  placed  at  our 
disposal  for  the  betterment  of  central-station  charge 
engineers  and  switchboard  attendants. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  several  of  the  questions  drew 

lanks,  as  can  be  seen  by  the  many  question-marks  in  the 


tables.  Xo  answer  at  all  is  the  only  reply  to  l>e  expected 
when  no  maximum  salary  has  been  fixed.  How  about 
Sundays  or  emergency  arrangements  ?  In  most  stations 
week-ends  and  holidays  are  arranged  amongst  the  engi- 
neers. It  would  have  been  interesting  to  know  if  it  was 
one  Sunday  oft'  in  three,  or  in  two,  or  two  in  three,  while  a 
reply  of  14  days  may  mean  just  14  shifts. 

A  couple  of  stations  pay  overtime  to  their  engineers  on 
F^ank  Holidays  and  on  Sundays. 

With  reference  to  "  emergency  arrangements  "  for  charge 
engineers,  information  was  required  to  determine  vho  took 
shift  when  a  charge  engineer,  on  very  short  notice,  wanted 
to  have  a  shift  or  more  off,  as  occasionally  happened  through 
some  accident,  or  when  a  wedding  or  funeral  had  to  be 
attended.  Who  took  shift  during,  say,  the  six  weeks  that 
the  three  charge  engineers  were  away  on  their  14  days' 
spell  each  ?  From  both  tables  it  is  clear  that  this  brief 
question  was  not  at  all  understood,  for  out  of  the  47  central 
stations,  only  22  have  replied.  In  It  out  of  the  22  stations 
the  charge  engineer  is  relieved  by  a  switchboard  attendant, 
improver,  relief  engineer,  junior  (charge  engineer,  or 
apprentice.  In  only  two  cases  does  a  general  engineering 
assistant  do  relief  work.  In  four  stations  the  chief  assistant 
or  station  superintendent  acts  as  relief  charge  engineer.  In 
one  station  "longer  hours"  are  worked  in  cases  of, 
emergency  ;  but  how  about  during  the  precious  seven  days' 
holidays  '^     ( )ne  station  sagely  replies,  a  "  sub  "  is  found  I 

Eliminating  the  last  two  stations  owing  to  their  unsatis- 
factory answers,  and  omitting  the  two  stations  where  a 
general  engineering  assistant  takes  charge,  we  have  in  14 
out  of  the  18  stations  a  junior  acting  for  a  senior  during 
an  emergency,  or  while  the  holidays  are  on.  In  only  four 
cases  does  a  chief  assistant  or  station  superintendent  act  in 
a  subordinate  capacity — quite  possible  for  a  couple  of  hours, 
but  absolutely  unworkable  during  the  fortnight  off  of  each 
engineer. 

A  chief  assistant's  time  is  more  valuable  to  the  well-being 
of  the  plant  than  a  charge  engineer's,  and  hence  continued 
relief  duty  should  be  undertaken  by  a  junior, yy/OivVM all  these 
are  men  capable  of  performing  duties  more  responsible  than 
those  of  the  ix)sitions  they  occupy,  a  standard  wliich  is 
gradually  being  arrived  at,  though  occasionally  even  now  an 
alderman  or  a  councillor,  digesting  himself  of  self-respect 
and  manliness,  hinders  progress  by  worming  in  some 
inexperienced  individual. 

While  the  covering  letter  clearly  implied  that  the  procedure 
in  ascertaining  the  information  had  had  the  previous  approval 
of  the  Electricity  Committee  and  the  chief  engineer,  besides 
being  signed  by  a  responsible  engineer,  it  apjjeared  somewhat 
in  the  nature  of  a  waste  of  time  to  reply  and  explain  in  the 
case  where  a  chief  wrote  that  the  information  could  only  be 
furnished  to  another  chief.  Fortunately  for  the  profession, 
we  had  only  two  such  communications. 

Where  some  central  stations  go  in  for  a  low-salaried  chief 
engineer,  the  strategical  method  of  inaugurating  a  scale  for 
his  charge  engineers,  with  a  maximum  and  a  minimum  to 
accord  with  other  stations  of  similar  capacity  and  output, 
might,  by  pay  pressure  from  below,  produce  a  goodly  scale 
for  the  chief  himself,  gifted  with  foresight. 

But  duties  are  by  no  means  similar  in  central  stations  of 
similar  capacity  and  output.  The  number  of  sets  in  use 
may  be  vastly  different.  One  station  may  generate  for 
lighting  and  power  only,  while  another  may  have  a  combined 
lighting,  power,  and  tramway  traction  load  controlled  from 
two  distinct  switchboards. 

However  much  the  difference  in  the  amount  of  responsi- 
bility, it  is  clearly  evident  that  some  stations  have  badly 
paid  staff's.  If  such  stations  can  make  use  of  these 
tables,  and,  encouraged  by  the  success  already  achieved  by 
one  central  station,  send  a  covering  letter  to  their  chief 
and  the  Electricity  Committee,  a  change  for  the  better  is 
bound  to  take  place. 

This  procedure  has  been  carried  out  with  success  by  one 
of  the  47  stations.  "You  have  proved  your  case,"  said  the 
chief  to  one  of  the  representatives.  A  scale  has  been  fixed, 
and  a  former  level  35s.  has  become  50b.  for  charge  engineers,  ■ 
while  a  previous  206.  has  been  converted  into  276,  6d.  for 
switchboard  attendants. 

It  should,  however,  be  e-pected  that  a  badly-paid  staff  on 
"  proving-  their  case,"  will  not  obtain  a  scale  to  accord  with 


Vol.72.   No.  1.840,  FKDBnAUY:!y,i9i:M     THE    ELECTRICAL    RF.VIF'IW. 


!}f55 


the  beat  pajlng  sbation  of  similar  size  and  output,  but  will 
obtain  a  scale   to  accord  with  the  averages  of  the  better 


payer  and  thu  cheap  station, 
none! 


Half  a  loaf  in  bottar  than 


Btfttion, 

Units    I     Plant 
told.       okpaoity. 

No. 

TABLE    I. 

Oharne  epglaeen,  Mwltcliliounl  attnndsntn. 

Bandayi.      No.     ~jata,^?'iji]^~    Honrt.  |    Sandays 


Pay. 

Min.    I    Max. 


Hoan. 


i.s 

a 

3 

30/ 

■2 

3 

46/- 

■S 

CS 

2 

65/- 

2 
2 

30/- 

40/- 

3 

5^ 

t    3 

30/ 

a 

•«<N 

1    2 

40/ 

.0 

«f^ 

4 

30/-    1 

a 

l^- 

4 
3 

35/     i 
27/fi 

Is 

00 

3 

i:i20 

■"  >» 

^§ 

2 

37/(! 

i   -s-s 

1 

65/ 

from  one 
last  offic 

"1 

0 
2 
3 
4 

30/ 

■Ml 
30/ 

IS 

4- 
2 

2fi/ 
3S/ 

0 

3 

27/11 

ii 

.4 

3 
3 

40/     : 
:i-/ 

s 

1       .( 

1 

-1(1/ 

•1  . 

3 

£80 

s 

il^S'^I 

3 

3r,/     : 

JQ 

3 

£104 

36/ 
06/ 
1 
46/- 
50/ 
60/- 
65/- 
50/ 
42/ 

r,oi 

£160 


\r,l 

35/ 

r,('l 
37/6 

4;-/ 
36/ 
50/ 
45/ 
50/ 
£120 
40/ 


63  i 

56 

53 

56 

66 

56 


48 

52 

".S 

48 

53', 

61 

nil 

r.2 

54 

"iii 
!)t) 

r.6 

56 
48 


56 


1   in   6 

2 

1   in  3 

8 

2  in  3 

2 

2  in  3 

2 

1  in  3 

1 

1  in  3 

S 

1  in  2 

2 

1  in   3 

2 

1   in  3 

3 

7 

1    in   3 

3 

1   in   3 

2 

ong  wh.-end 

2 

1  in   2 

2 

3 

1    in   3 

2 

1   in  3 

1 

1   in  3 

4 

on  4  honrf 

4 

? 

3 

I  in  3 

( 

— 

.5 

1  in   6 

3 

20/ 

21/- 
32/6 
21'/ • 
2.V 
8/ 
12/6 
15/ 
10/ 


20/ 
3./ 

10/ 
10/ 
15 
li-./ 
15/ 
27/ 

15/ 
25/ 

r./ 

2  2/ .5 

10/ 

/ 

21/ 

30/ 
28/ 


26/ 
22/ 

40/ 
30/ 
32/6 
15/ 
25/ 
20/ 
15/ 
h 


r.2 
48 
53 
56 
56 
56 
52 
48 
53J 


I     2^/ 

56 

40/ 

56 

.' 

53 ', 

H/ 

.' 

201 

56 

20/ 

48 

20/ 

51 

30/ 

56 

20/ 

56 

15/ 

f,0 

40/ 

53 ', 

1.5/ 

56 

1  in  t 
oft 

2  in  3 

1   in  3 

1   in  3 

1  in  2 

1  in  3 


1  in  2 

2  hrn.  on 

I   in   2 


2  in   3 
1    in   3 


2. in  3 
1  in  3 
1    in  1; 


Holidays, 


1 1  (laye 
14  dayn 
14  dayo 

14  days 


14  days 
14  days 
1 1  dayH 
I  I  day^< 


I  I  dayH 

I I  dayH 
10  dayn 
14  dayH 
1 4  days 
14  days 

•  7  days 
14  days 
14  days 
14  days 
14  days 
7  days 
14  days 
14  days 
14  shifts 


arraofcraants. 


S.A.Ukeeahift 


S.A.  takes  shift 
Apprentice  takex  shift 


.lunior  O.K. 
1 4  days        Chief  aaeistant 
Rrlief  engineer 


Spiirp  man 

General  enjf.  n.Msirt'u'it 

Improver 
Senior  improver 


General  a.-<sistant 


TABLE  II. 


Charge  eogineera. 


Units      ,   Plant 
Eo'd.        cap  ic  ty 


"S.S 


J3    C 


10     .2i 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 


0=  5 
12  So 

.111 


IB 

CS    CO 

a.  V 

a  be 
u  a 
2  2 


! 

No. 
I 

Pfty. 

Min.         Max. 

Hours 

£120 

£150 

48     • 

3 

Mh 

55/- 

55 

6 

35/- 

42/6 

56 

3 

40/- 

50/- 

53* 

3 

40/- 

60/- 

66 

1     3 

35/- 

? 

56 

!     3 

35/- 

55/- 

50 

3 

40/- 

60/- 

66 

3 

35/- 

40/- 

63^ 

3 

45/- 

l 

56 

3 

40/- 

? 

56     i 

3 

35/- 

46/- 

56     ' 

2 

30/- 

35/- 

49     j 

3 

45/- 

50/- 

48     1 

4 

40/- 

60/- 

48     1 

4 

40/- 
56/- 

60/- 

62i  ! 

3  +  2 

35/- 

37/6 

53g 

4 

£130 

£200 

52 

Switobboard 

atteodai 

Sundays. 

No. 

. P 

Min. 

»y. > 

Max. 

Hours. 

1 

1   in    4 

4 

30/- 

42/- 

48 
«n.  56 

— 

3 

21/- 

40/- 

jnn.  60: 

1  in  3 

7 

10/- 

30/- 

06 

time&half 

7 

5/- 

26/- 

56 

3 

20/- 

25/- 

53i  ■ 

2 

20/- 

30/- 

52     I 

4 

22/6 

.' 

66 

1  in  3 

2 

25/- 

30/- 

50 

1  in  3 

3 

30/- 

3B/- 

•    66 

1  in  3 

3 

26/- 

30/- 

53i 

1  in  3 

2 

23/- 

? 

52 

1  in  3 

2 

26/- 

35/- 

56 

1   in  3 

3 

20/- 

l 

56 

1  in  2 

3 

25/- 

27/6 

66 

t 

1 

1 

35/- 
48/- 

/ 

48 

48 

1  in  3 

7 

16/- 

8/- 

27/6 
12/- 

64 

1  in  3 

3-f3 

25/- 

27/6 

50    ! 

1  in  2 

3 

38/- 

40/- 

56     1 

Sundays. 


1   in   3 
time  c^  half 


1  in  2 


1  in 
1  in 
1  in 
1  in 
1  in 
1  in 
I  in 


1  in  3 


1  in   2 
1  in  3 


Holidays. 


14  days 
14  days 
7  (lays 

14  days 
14  days 
14  days 

14  days 
14  days 
14  days 
11  days 
7  days 
14  days 
14  days 
Ifi  days 

14  days 
21  days 


Emergency 
ariaogemente. 


Asst..  shift  engineer 


Lonerer  hours 
Senior  S.A. 


S.A.  takes  shift 
Stn.  supt.  takes  shift 
Sub.  found 

I  J^tn.  supt.  takes  shift 
i  Chief  asst.  takes  shift 

Relief  shift  engineer 


Junior  charge 
Junior  charge 


Number 
of  central 
stations 

in 
Table 

U 


Charge  engineers. 


More.      Less. 


5  1     12 

6  11 


RESULTS. 


r' Salary , 

Minimum.  Maximum. 


More. 

-■•1 

85/- 

More. 

Less. 

2 
None 

1 
11 

1 

6 
6 

10 
11 

12 

5 

50/-       More. 


Sundays. 


Holidays. 


^inS.     More.      Ijess.  lUdayt 

i !. 1 


81       None 
12  2 


Switchboard 
attendants 


d 

Hours. 

. Salary , 

Minimum.               Maximum. 

Sundays. 

Holidays. 

More. 

Liesa. 

66 

[  More. 

Less. 

35/. 

More. 

Less.     80/- 

More. 

Less. 

1  llnS 

More. 

Less.     U  days     More. 

4 
6 

11 
10 

1 

1     12 

!      ^ 

None 

'      1 

18 
9 

2 

4 

5 

'    14            3 

5     ,       4 

6 

5 

2 
1 

6 

8 

8 
■4 

3         21     '  None 
3         12           2 

1 

366 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,    [voi. -2.  No.i,84o,PKBRuAuy28,  mis 


i>ROCEl!!DINOS    OF   INBTITUTIOMS. 


fables  for  Shafts  In  Mines. 

In  opening  the  London  meetinp  nf  the  Apsociation  ok  Minin<; 
Elk.ctrical  Enotxeeus,  held  at  the  I.E.E.  Biiildinp,  Victoria 
Embankment,  on  February  7th,  the  chairman  (Mr.  W.  C. 
MovNTAis)  said  that  the  Apsociation  had  now  1,000  members, 
1 1  home  branches  and  one  branch  in  Australia.  Ten  members  were 
resident  in  Dover,  which  was  destined  to  become  a  most  important 
lolliery  centre.  The  London  membership  had  doubled  durinpr  the 
past  year,  and  a  number  of  consultinjr  engineers  in  various  parts 
of  the  country  had  joined  the  Association.  The  examination 
system  adopted  had  proved  a  success  ;  there  were  already  120 
certificated  members,  and  the  next  examination  was  to  be  held  in 
March  ai,  the  Northampton  Institute.  Mr.  E.  Kilbum  .Scott  then 
read  a  paper  on  "  Cables  for  Shafts  in  Mines." 

Broadly  speakinp,  the  author  recommends  that  high-tension 
aluminium  cables  should  be  used  in  mine  shafts  ;  that  armouring 
should  be  dispensed  with  on  shaft  cables,  a  return  path  for  current 
being  provided  by  metal  work  already  in  the  shaft  or  by  steel  ropes 
Bj^cially  suspended  to  serve  this  purpose  :  that  siliceous  tire  rubber 
be  employed  in  place  of  steel  to  provide  mechanical  protection  on 
cables  exposed  to  moisture  and  hard  wear  ;  and  that  split  telegraph 
poles  be  used  in  place  of  the  sawn  casing  hitherto  used  when 
cables  have  been  enclosed.  Shaft  cables  cannot  be  handled  by  men 
or  touched  by  animals  in  the  ordinary  way  of  working,  and  there 
is  little  danger  of  their  mechanical  injury,  hence  there  is  corres- 
pondingly little  need  for  armouring  as  a  mechanical  protection. 
There  is  already,  or  there  can  cheaply  be  provided,  sufficient  con- 
tinuous metal  work  in  the  shaft  to  act  as  a  return  path  for  current, 
hence  armouring  is  unnecessary  from  this  standpoint.  A  haulage 
rope,  originally  costing  £.50,  may  be 
worth  only  £.h  when  unfit  for  haulage, 
yet  it  will  form  as  perfect  an  earth 
return,  when  suspended  in  the  shaft,  as 
a  <rable  armouring  costing  several  times 
as  much  as  the  original  rope.  In  the 
shaft  of  the  Frickley  Colliery  Co.  (Don- 
caster),  there  is  available  about  30  eq.  in. 
of  continuous  steel  and  iron,  which  could 
be  used  for  return  current  purposes,  and 
which  has  a  conductance  equal  to  that 
of  3  sq.  in.  of  copper.  The  sectional 
area  of  the  steel  armouring  actually 
used  for  return  current,  which  cost 
about  £100,  is  2  sq.  in.,  /.<■..  about  one- 
tenth  the  section  of  the  wire  ropes 
already  in  the  shaft. 

The  revised  rules  require  the  armour- 
ing on  mine  cables  to  have  a  conductance 
.'JO  per  cent,  that  of  the  conductors 
enclosed  ;  in  addition,  the  armouring 
must  conform  to  the  Engineering  Stand- 
ards Regulations.  In  h.t.  cables  there 
is  no  difficulty  in  complying  with  both 
sets  of  rules,  but  in  l.t.  cahtes  the  .50 
per  cent,  rule  calls  for  heavier  armour- 
ing  than     the    Engineering    Standards 

Regulation.  It  is  very  desirable  that  there  should  be  no  joints  in 
shaft  cables,  and  other  things  being  equal,  it  is  easier  to  supply 
cables  of  great  lengths  without  than  with  armouring. 

Sector  cores  do  not  greatly  reduce  the  over-all  size  of  cables 
designed  to  operate  above  3,000  volts.  At  r,,000  volts  and  higher 
pressures,  sector  core  cables  are  more  costly  than,  and  are  nearly  as 
large  as,  circular  core  cables.  The  weight  of  the  conductors  is  of 
great  importance  in  shaft  cables,  and,  in  this  respect,  as  also  by  its 
immunity  from  attack  by  bad  water,  aluminium  offers  considerable 
advantages  over  copper.  For  equal  conductance,  the  ratio  of 
weights  of  aluminium  and  copper  cables  is  approximately  as  1  :  2. 
Comparing  three-core,  medium  voltage,  paper-lead-steel-jute  cables, 
those  with  aluminium  cores  are  about  17  percent,  heavier  than 
those  with  copper  conductors,  but  the  price  of  the  aluminium 
cables  is  5  per  cent,  less  with  round  and  8  per  cent,  less  with  sector 
cores.  From  the  point  of  view  of  supporting  its  own  weight, 
aluminium  is  practically  equivalent  to  steel ;  the  maximum 
length»  of  strand  which  can  be  suspended  vertically  are  as 
follows  : 

J/ard  ilratfn.  Anneiilfd. 

Copper l.-),.500ft.  a,<)50  ft. 

Aluminium         2.5.000  „  13,600  „ 

Steel         20,700  „  14,750  ., 

Aluminium  wires  of  Xo.  12  .s.w.o.  have  been  drawn  in  con- 
tinuous lengths  up  to  two  miles  for  years  past,  and  there  is  a  ready 
market  for  scrap  aluminium,  though  its  relative  value,  as  compared 
with  new  metal,  is  less  than  in  the  case  of  copper. 

Aluminium  is  much  more  difficult  to  join  than  copper,  but  shaft 
cables  arc  really  main  feeders,  and  are  only  tapped  at  the  ends. 
Stranded  aluminium  cables  are  best  jointed  by  the  use  af  split 
sleeves,  stepped  so  as  to  accommodate  and  clamp  the  several  layers 
of  each  cable  at  the  joint,  the  layers  being  cut  back  so  as  to  permit 
of  this. 

The  author  believes  that  ll.oOO- volt  shaft  cables  will  soon  be  in 
general  use,  one  important  point  in  favour  of  such  practice  being 
the  consequent  reduction  in  the  starting  current  to  be  supplied  to 
induction  motors.  In'  reviewing  the  characteristics  of  various 
cable  insulating  materials,  the  author  remarks  that  the  elastic 
pitch  compound  used  in  bitumen  cables  softens  at  about  120*  P., 


hence  thie  insulation  if  ^ot  Buitable- 401  uie- oik  caLfts  tnXipoaat 
shafts.  Rubber ;i8_ at  present"  largely  dieplajt5ed:by.  papier  and.  bith- 
men  for  power  cables,  but,  as  the  supply  and  quality  of  plantation 
rubber  improves,  and  possibly  owing  to  the  development  of  the 
synthetic  production'  of  rubher,  the  use  of  this  material  for  heavy 
cable  insulation  will  become  more  general.  Silicious,  or  "  cab-tire," 
rubber,  has  proved  very  successful  as  a  mechanical  sheathing  for 
cables.  Rubber  insulation  must  necessarily  be  used  in  shaft  sink- 
ing cables,  and  it  appears  reasonable  to  use  a  somewhat  similar 
material  for  the  protective  coating.  Bitumen  sheathing  is  prefer- 
able to  lead  on  paper-insulated  shaft  cables,  owing  to  its  lighter 
weight  and  the  liability  of  stretching  lead  sheathing  when  su.s- 
pending  the  cable  in  the  shaft.  "  Indestructible  "  insulation  con- 
sists of  layers  of  paper  with  a  cotton  or  jute  braiding,  the  whole 
being  impregnated  with  red  lead  and  linseed  oil :  cables  thus 
insulated  resist  chemical   action  and  abnormal  climatic  conditions. 

Coir  yarn,  made  from  the  fibres  of  the  coconut,  is  a  likely  substi- 
tute for  jute.  It  is  practically  incompressible,  very  tough  and  less 
absorbent  than  jute,  besides  being  cheaper.  At  present,  coir 
plaiting  is  done  by  hand,  and  is  uneven,  but  this  objection  could  be 
overcome. 

The  methods  at  present  employed  to  place  shaft  cables  in 
position,  are  : — (1)  Lower  the  cable  from  its  drum  by  a  winch  at 
the  shaft  bank  ;  (2)  Suspend  the  drum  in  or  >mder  the  cage,  and 
pay  out  cable  as  the  cage  descends  ;  (:!)  Lower  the  drum  to  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft,  fasten  the  cable  end  to  the  cage,  and  haul  up  : 
and  (4)  Run  out  the  cable  on  thf  surface,  attach  one  end  to  a 
locomotive,  and  lower  the  cable  by  moving  the  locomotive  towards 
the  shaft.  The  applicability  of  each  method,  and  the  precautions 
to  be  observed  in  its  application,  are  considered  in  some  detail 
in  the  original  paper. 

lietter  than  the  cone  tyi>e  of  single  suspension  for  armoured 
cables,  is  a  suspension  in  which  the  armour  wires  are  bent  back  at 
right  angles  on  to  the  (lange  of  the  suspension  sleeve,  and  clamped 
by  a  top  plate  and  bolts.  The  elongation  of  the  armouring  deter- 
mines the  limiting  weight  that  can  be  held  by  single  suspension, 
long  before  the  limiting  breaking  safety  factor  is  reached. 
Clipping  the  cable  to  two  steel  ropes  provides  a  su.jpension  which 
is  flexible,  and  offers  less  lodgment  for  dust  and  slime  than  cleats, 
but  which  introduces  trouble  in  hot  shafts  by  the  high  coefficient 
of  expansion  of  the  steel  ropes  as  compared  with  the  cable.  An 
armoured  cable  fixed  by  cleats  practically  constitutes  a  solid  bar 
down  the  shaft,  and  if  the  cleats  be  suspended  from  the  tubbing  by 
chains,  the  risk  of  injury  by  the  impact  of  objects  falling  down 
the  shaft  is  much  reduced. 

The  objections  usually  urged  against  casing  for  shaft  cables, 
are  :  (1)  The  risk  of  damaging  the  cable  when  fixing  capping,  or 
by  malleting  where  the  troughing  is  out  of  aligiiment  ;  (2  I  the 
difficulty  of  keeping  out  water  at  the  lidding  joints  and  between 
lengths  ;  and  (3)  the  cost  of  sawn  timber,  bolts  and  erection. 

The  author  suggests  that  split  telegraph  poles  be  used  for  casing, 
as  shown  in  the  accompanying  figure.  The  pole  is  sawn  longi- 
tudinally in  unequal  parts,  and  the  larger  one  is  grooved.  When 
the  cable  is  in  place  the  two  parts  of  the  pole  are  secured  by  steel 
"  bracelets  "  A  clipped  over  and  driven  down  towards  the  butt  of  each 
length.  The  poles  would  be  erected  with  the  butts  downwards, 
and  the  small  end  of  each  would  be  let  into  the  butt  of  the  length 
above  it  ( n).  By  cutting  ''gains"  in  the  poles,  each  could  be  simply 
and  securely  attached  to  the  buntons  by  steel  straps,  as  at  c. 
I'aarmoured  aluminium  cables  could  then  be  u.sed  with  advantage, 
and  excellent  mechanical  protection  would  be  afTorded  by  the 
casing. 

In  dealing  with  preservatives  for  timber,  the  author  spoke  at 
length  of  the  Powell  process  ;  this  will  be  specifically  treated  in 
these  columns  at  an  early  date.  In  conclusion,  the  author  con- 
sidered the  special  requirements  of  sinking  cables,  and  pointed  oat     

that  tire  rubber  sheathing  offers  advantages  over  steel  armouring,     ' 
in  respect  of  flexibility  and  imperviousness  to  water.    The  V.D.E. 
have  issued  special  regulations  for  sinking  cables,  and  these  rules 
are  reproduced  in  the  original  paper 


In  opening  the  discussion,  Mb.  Nelson  (Electrical  Inspector  of 
Mines)  complimented  the  author  on  the  exhaustive  and  practical 
nature  of  his  paper,  and  endorsed  the  chairman's  remarks  as  to  the 
value  of  the  Association  and  the  discussions  on  its  papers.  The 
amount  of  electrical  power  used  in  mines  had  increased  at  least 
100  per  cent,  since  1906,  yet  the  latest  reports  showed  the  fatal 
accidents  in  mines  to  be  fewer  than  in  any  year  since  1 906.  This 
gratifying  result  was  largely  attributable  to  the  direct  and  indirect 
influence  of  the  Association.  Mr.  Nelson  agreed  that  it  was  less  necee- 
sary  to  armour  shaft  cables  than  cables  in-bye,  but,  in  his  opinion, 
the  ideal  system  would  continuously  armour  all  current-carrying 
parts,  from  the  generator  to  the  motors,  with  a  sheathing  strp^g  . 
enough  to  resist  all  destructive  agencies  which  could-  be  fore- 
seen. The  difTiculty  of  repairing  shaft  cables  was  greajter  than 
that  of  repairing  cables  in-bye,  and  this  probably  accounted  for  the 
early  practice  of  armouring  shaft  cables  but  not  the  in- bye-cables. 
Too  much  importance  was  attached  by  the  autljor  to  the  strength 
of  aluminium  as  regards  supporting  its  own  weight.  Taking  into 
account  the  lower  tensile  strength  and  conductivity  of  aluminium 
as  compared  with  copper,  the  lighter  metal  did  not  appear  to  offer 
great  advantages  for  shaft  cables.  -The  diiliculty  of  making  joints 
in  aluminium  conductors  and  the  larger  overall  size  of  the  latter 
for  equal  conductance  were  practical  objections  which  became 
particularly  serious  in  in-bye  cables.  There  was  no  merit  attached 
to  the  use  of  very  large  shaft  cables  ;  personally,  be  would  always 
prefer  two  small  cables  to  one  equivalent  larger  cable.  The 
larger  the  cable  the  stronger  the  armouring  required,  and  this  waa 
secured  by  the  revised  rules,  which  required  the  conductance  of  the 


Vol.78.  No.  1,840,  FKHKUAnviM 913.]  THE    ELECTRTCAL    REVIEW. 


8fi7 


iiTinuurinK  tu  be  60  per  cent,  that  uf  the  coniliiotorti  encloood,  and 
which,  In  Inriife  I/.T.  cnbles,  theroforu  reciiiired  heavier  armouring; 
than  wan  called  for  by  the  En((ineerinir  Btandardn  CommittoeB 
RefifulationH.  Tho  revincd  rolcB  were  desiKned  to  indicate  minlninm 
precautions  and  fuctorH  of  nafcty  ;  in  Home  chm^h  it  would  he  di'Hir- 
ablo  to  dcHiprn  more  liberally  thai\  wbh  rcciuircd  by  the  ruU;-.  The 
caHo  in  Now  South  Walen,  where  armoured  cablcH  wore  destroyed 
by  liud  water  in  leuH  than  nix  inonthH,  all'ordtil  no  arf^u- 
ment  af^aiuHt  the  use  of  arniouriu);.  It  waH  preBuni- 
nbly  poMsiblo  to  protect  the  conductorn  from  tho  water, 
and  hence  it  would  have  been  equally  easy  to  |)rotect 
the  armourinp.  The  (iernian  (V.I).E.),  retrulations  ijuottd  by  the 
author  called  for  armouring-  on  shaft  sinking'  cableB,  and  with  this 
rule  Mr.  Nelson  wan  in  complete  agreement. 

Mk.  Lr  I'Ton  commented  on  the  remarkable  extension  of  the  use  of 
electricity  in  mines  since  1881,  when  its  applications  were  limited 
to  sifrnallint;  and  shot  firing.  Electrical  transmission  had  proved  ita 
advanta(;e8  over  compressed-air  transmii^sion  in  respect  of  economy 
and  convenience,  particularly  in  deep  mines.  The  speaker  was 
responsible  for  the  sinking  of  two  shafts  in  Yorkshire  over  800  yd. 
in  depth,  and  in  such  cases  the  question  of  the  weight  of  the  shaft 
cables  was  undoubtedly  of  srreat  importance.  In  dry  shafts  there 
were  possibilities  in  the  use  of  bare  lines.  Most  accidents  in  mines 
were  duo  to  conditions  not  foreseen  ;  every  mishap  provided  fresh 
experience  and  usually  led  to  the  evolution  of  means  for  preventing 
its  repetition  or  reducing  the  seriousness  of  the  consequences.  The 
speaker  pointed  out  that  the  "earthing"  of  mine  circuits  now 
consisted  rather  in  the  provision  of  a  bare  metallic  return  path  at 
earth  potential  to  the  generator  than  in  real  earthing  such  as  was 
liractised  in  earlier  days. 

Other  speakers  offered  the  following  information  and  opinions  : 
The  armoured  r.  unarmoured  controversy  was  analogous  to  most 
others  in  that  the  supporters  of  both  sides  of  the  question  were,  to 
some  extent,  correct.  Generally,  armouring  was  advisable  in 
mining  work,  but  there  were  cases  in  which  it  possessed  practical 
disadvantages.  The  limiting  temperature  (120°  F.),  suggested  by 
the  author  for  bitumen  cables  was  a  very  conservative  limit,  but 
one  which  it  was  advisable  to  retain  in  designing  colliery  equipment 
since  overloading  was  frequent.  There  was  already  a  TOO  fq.  in. 
bitumen-insulated  aluminium  cable  in  use  in  a  Durham  shaft 
and  bare  aluminium  lines  laid  in  wood  were  being  used  for  i..T. 
distribution  in  Cornish  tin  mines.  The  oxide  film  on  aluminium 
formed  readily  in  heat  and  moisture,  so  that  the  insulation  of  a  L.T. 
aluminium  line  miglit  increase  under  conditions  that  would  destroy 
the  insulation  of  a  copper  feeder.  It  was  not  easy  to  joint  aluminium 
cables  :  a  number  of  solders  had  been  produced  which  would  unite 
small  wires  and  strips  satisfactorily,  but  which  were  useless  for 
jointing  large  stranded  cables.  In  Messrs.  Callender's  installation 
in  Brussels — not  Ostond,  as  stated  by  the  author  the  cast  joint 
described  had  proved  the  best  type  available.  Stepped  sleeve 
joints  increased  the  .size  of  connecting  boxes,  kc,  100  or  200  per  cent., 
and  the  clamping  screws  were  generally  too  small  to  ensure 
thorough  contact  between  the  conductor  and  the  sleeve.  The 
reduction  in  the  current-carrying  capacity  of  the  cable  by  covering 
it  with  a  thick  layer  of  wood  must  be  considered  before  deciding 
to  adopt  telegraph  poles  in  place  of  sawn  casing. 

The  advantages  of  the  Powell  system  of  wood  preservation  were 
discussed,  and  it  was  pointed  out  that  its  rapid  adoption  in  tropical 
countries  was  due  to  its  offering  a  perfect  solution  to  the  white  ant 
difficulty,  in  addition  to  affording  thorough  protection  to  timber  in 
other  respects  and  considerably  increasing  its  mechanical  strength. 

A  visitor  pleaded  for  the  standardisation  of  whatever  should  be 
decided  to  be  the  best  shaft-cable  construction  ;  the  cost  of  manu- 
facturing cable  accessories  and  switch-boxes,  kc,  would  be  thereby 
reduced.  Since  enclosed  switchgear  had  become  standard  for  mining 
use,  the  manufacturing  costs  had  fallen  almost  as  low  as  those  of 
the  early  open  switchgear,  owing  to  the  greatly  increased  production 
of  each  particular  type. 

It  was  decided  that  the  paper  should  be  read  and  discussed  before 
other  branches  of  the  Association. 


Advertising  Electricity. 

By    H.     Clifford     Palmer. 

(.Abstract  of  paper  read  before  the  Institution   op  ELECTniCAL 
Engineers,  at  Mancheater^  February  llt/i,  1913.) 

The  population  of  the  British  Isles  is  42  millions,  out  of  which 
the  approximate  total  number  of  consumers  of  electricity  is  very 
little  more  than  half  a  million  ;  whilst  the  number  of  users  of 
such  articles  as  electric  heaters,  cookers,  irons,  kettles,  sweepers, 
and  other  potential  popular  domestic  appliances,  is  but  a  few 
thousands.  A  comparison  of  these  figures  will  give  much  food  for 
thought. 

In  the  matter  of  public  education  as  to  the  benefits  of  electricity, 
we  have  left  undone  much  that  we  might  have  done.  The  subject 
of  how  electricity  can  and  should  be  advertised  is  one  that  interests 
all  alike — manufacturers,  station  engineers,  and  contractors.  The 
subject  of  selling  electridty  merits  the  same  care,  thought,  and 
action  a.s  that  of  plant  and  apparatus  manufacture.  Unfortunately, 
we  have  been  too  apt  to  overlook  this  important  fact  in  the  past. 

A  few  years  ago  if  we  got  electricity  in  the  home  for  lighting 
we  felt  highly  satisfied,  and  were  content  to  leave  it  at  that ;  now, 
lighting  is  only  the  beginning,  and  should  in  reality  merely  act  as 
the  missionary  for  electricity.  Heaters,  toasters,  irons,  kettles, 
breakfast-grills,  sweepers,  and  many  other  current-consuming 
devices,  should  follow.  But  it  cannot  be  expected  that  the  public 
will  adopt  such  apparatus  unless  they  are  educated  as  to  its  existence, 
its  use,  its  advantages,  and  even  its  economies. 


The  natural  t«i)d«ncy  nowadayi  it  to  eoonomiB*)  time  to  Moid 
inconveniences  to  vtndy  hygivnn,  and  to  savn  unne<:'Mary  labour  , 
therefore  we  nhould  play  upon  the  neniiibilitieM  ul  maiikind  and 
womankind  in  thehc  directions.  Within  limitn  ••lei:triclty  haa 
extensively  odverliccd  ilnelf.  I'rom  ItH  inception,  ili  'I inli native- 
nesn,  its  obvious  adviintagen,  and  its  many  other  qualitien  alwayii 
ensured  for  it  proKress  ;  but  progresH  without  "  punh  '  miiMt  jx- 
very  tedious,  (ias.  allhou^'h  fik.'htiiig  n  losing  battle,  in  fighting  it 
valiantly,  and  unlesH  mot  in  the  field  wilh  er|ually  modern  weaponM 
might  easily  s'ay  our  progrcMt  longer  than  any  of  uh  would  deaire. 
The  gas  interests  have  realised  the  value  of  co-ojK?rativc  effort, 
and  have  organised  extensive  a<lvertiBing  action  accordingly. 
Mow  much  more  successful  might  we  be  with  siaiilar  meoaurcH  .' 

What    wo   need    to   i)opularir(e    the   dom<»tic    uwrn  of   electricity 
amongst  all   classes  (and  ujxm   this  depends,  to  a  large  extent,  oor 
future  rate  of  progress)   is  a  combination  of   effort  in  which  all 
interested — i.e.,  manufacturerH,  supply  authorities  and  contractor* 
should  join.     An  educative  campaign  is  necessary. 

The  public  can  be  educated  on  extensive  lines  only  by  systematic, 
judicious,  and  practical  advertising.  That  advertising  is  work  for 
specialists  there  can  be  no  doubt.  Because  a  man  may  have  had  a 
commercial  training,  he  is  not  thereby  ()ualificd  to  conceive  and 
carry  out  comprehensive  and  profitable  advertising.  Practical 
experience,  study  and  ability  are  required. 

The  manufacturing  section  of  the  industry  has  done,  and  is 
doing,  much  in^this  matter  of  "Advertising  Electricity,'  but  the 
advertising  of  the  manufacturer  is  directed  to  thoee  who  are  already 
users  of  electricity  ;  he  is  merely  driving  home  his  individual 
claims  against  those  of  his  competitors.  Our  concern  as  an  indus- 
try is  not  with  those  who  have  been  converted,  but  with  those 
whom  we  desire  to  convert. 

The  supply  undertakings  are  already  represented  in  London  by 
what  is  known  as  the  Electricity  Supply  Publicity  Committee  : 
the  manufacturers  are  represented  by  the  Publicity  Section  of  the 
British  Electrical  and  Allied  Manufacturers"  Association  ;  whilst  the 
contractors  are  represented  by  the  Electrical  Contractors"  Associa- 
tion. A  joint  Electrical  Publicity  Association  should  be  chosen  to 
be  composed  of  selected  members  from  each  of  the  before-mentioned 
Associations.  The  duty  of  this  main  .Association  would  be  to  direct 
the  operations  (upon  expert  advice),  and  control  the  general  policy, 
of  a  national  educative  electrical  advertising  campaign.  Sub- 
committees could  be  formed  by  each  Association  for  the  purpose  of 
obtaining  the  necessary  funds. 

No  measure  of  success  will  be  achieved  unless  the  response  is 
general.  We  are  now  a  large  industry,  and  if  all  contribute,  the 
subscription  need  be  only  quite  nominal.  It  cannot  be  expected  that 
a  few  enterprising  manufacturers  and  supply  authorities  would  find 
the  necessary  funds  for  such  a  national  scheme  which  would  benefit 
all  sections  of  the  industry  alike. 

As  to  the  money  required  to  enable  a  comprehensive  scheme  to 
be  organised  to  cover  the  entire  country,  I  should  like  to  see  a  sum 
of  not  less  that  £150,000  raised  for  a  12  months'  campaign. 

In  order  to  demonstrate  what  class  of  advertising  scheme  could 
be  carried  on  in  a  specified  area  for  a  given  sum  and  for  a  given 
period,  I  propose  to  give  a  few  facts  depicting  an  imaginary 
campaign  for  London  and  the  area  within  60  miles  thereof. 

For  the  purpose  of  an  "  opening  "  campaign  in  the  interests  of 
electricity  I  would  advocate  the  widest  and  most  powerful  methods 
of  publicity.  I  am  calculating  on  a  total  expenditure  of  dE  12,000, 
which  amount  would  be  necessary  to  enable  a  12  months'  compre- 
hensive advertising  effort  in  the  area  mentioned.  I  should  there- 
fore divide  the  operations  as  follows  : — 

(a)  Daily  Press  advertisements  (five-twelfths  total  expenditure). 

(h)  Literature  and  circularising  (this  to  a  considerable  extent 
would  "be  self-supporting)  (one-twelfth  total  expenditure). 

((')  Central  information  bureau  (one-twelfth  total  expenditure). 

(rf)  Billposting  (two-twelfths  total  expenditure). 

0')  Expenses  of  management  and  staff  (one-twelfth  total  ex- 
penditure). 

it")  Illuminated  animated  signs  for  night  advertising  (two- 
twelfths  total  expenditure). 

Editorial  notices  in  the  daily  and  weekly  Press  would  be  covered 
by  the  Press  advertising. 

Of  available  styles  of  media  for  a  campaign  of  this  nature,  I 
would  recommend  the  principal  daily  (morning  and  evening)  papers, 
as  they  give  more  desirable  publicity  for  a  stated  amount  than  any 
other.  The  Press  campaign  should  be  divided  into  two  periods  of 
three  months  each.  The  first  period,  say,  the  middle  of  March  to 
the  middle  of  June,  should  be  devoted  to  cooking,  ventilating,  and 
other  domestic  applications,  with  power  intermixed.  The  second 
period,  from  the  middle  of  September  to  the  middle  of  December, 
should  be  devoted  to  lighting  and  heating,  also  with  power  inter- 
mixed. I  would  recommend  that  the  insertions  should  appear  not 
less  than  one  per  week  in  each  paper,  the  si/.e  of  the  advertisement 
varying  from  time  to  time  according  to  the  total  sum  allocated  to 
the  paper  in  question.  For  the  opening  of  the  campaign  and  for 
any  special  occasion  (such  as  the  opening  of  the  London  Elec- 
trical Information  Bureau  referral  to  later),  full  pages  should 
be  taken  in  papers  enjoying  the  greatest  and  most  inrtuential 
circulation. 

Editorial  notices  come  as  a  sub-heading  to  Press  advertising, 
since  to  some  extent  the  one  carries  the  other.  By  this  I  do  not 
desire  to  indicate  that  the  money  spent  on  advertising  would 
positively  buy  for  us  the  editorial  columns  of  London's  leading  daily 
papers  without  further  ((uestion  ;  but  no  matter  what  may  lie  said 
to  the  contrary,  it  would  be  bound  to  obtain  for  us  greater  recog- 
nition by  the  Press  than  we  enjoy  to-day.  After  all,  it  is  only 
reasonable  that  the  papers  should  expect  some  ijui<l  pr,>  ,pio.  Never 
at  any  time  throughout  our  scheme  (if  we  succeed  in  organising  if* 
need  we  ask  the  papers  for  "  pnff  "  ;  but  we  shall  need  constantly  to 


368 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.    1^'°^-  ^2.  No.  i,84o,  febbcaey  28, 1913. 


advise  them  of  current  Items  of  Interest  whtoh  may  affect  oar 
indnstry.  Every  week  we  conld  undoubtedly  circulate  to  the 
editorial  departments  of  various  papers  little  paratjraphs  ■which 
they  would  welcome,  and  which  would  interest  us  all  indirectly. 

If  such  a  scheme  as  I  am  now  sog-frestinfr  does  mature,  1  can 
foresee  the  day  when  the  London  and  provincial  papers  will  be 
willing  enoutfh  to  insert  pnges  of  popular  Electrical  Notes,  in 
similar  manner  to  the  papes  which  now  exist  in  most  of  our 
premier  papers  on  Motor  Notes,  Fashion  Notes,  Empire  News, 
Cycliner  Notes,  &c.  It  is  merely  a  question  of  proper  recojrnition 
and  support  Surely  the  diversity  of  dome-<tio  interests  in  elec- 
tricity are  sufficient  to  warrant  such  action  by  the  Pre."s.  We  do 
not  want  the  daily  and  weekly  papers  t.i  labour  with  the  techni- 
calities of  our  industry,  as  for  this  purpose  we  have  our  own  excel- 
lently-conducted trade  organs  ;  but  we  do  want  the  general 
Press  to  dilate  upon  the  subject  of  electricity  from  a  domestic  and 
popular  point  of  view  ;  and  this  they  will  be  ready  enough  to  do  if 
we  recognise  them  as  we  desire  they  should  re  ognise  us. 

I  illustrate  a  few  examples  of  Press  advertising,  in  order  to 
portray  a  style  which  might  be  adopted  in  connection  with  a 
scheme  such  as  I  advocate. 

Full  pages  in  London's  daily  papers  are  somewhat  costly,  so  that 
their  number  in  such  a  scheme  would  require  to  be  limited. 
Following,  therefore,  upon  first  announcements,  the  size  of  space 
would  be  reduced  to  possibly  a  full  double-column  announcement, 
such  as  "Just  switch  on.'  Then,  perhaps,  a  half -page,  such  as  "  Clean- 
liness, comfort,  safety,"  following  with  a  variety  of  other.sizes,  such 
as  half  double-column,  quarter  double-column,  &c. 

A  considerable  number  of  inquiries  would  be  received  by  the 
Publicity  Association  from  its  members  for  the  supply  of  suitable 
literature  descriptive  of  the  various  applications  of  electricity. 
Provision  would,  therefore,  have  to  be  made  for  the  origination  and 
supply  of  this.  Circularising  can  be  termed  "  intensive  "  adver- 
tising.    If  properly  carried  out,   it  can,   no  doubt,   be  made  very 


There  ^^ould  be  little  gained  in  using  this  Bureau  as  a  demon- 
strating showroom,  as  this  work  would  be  too  restricted  at  one 
address  and  could  be  better  administered  from  local  showrooms  in 
all  districts. 

One  of  the  most  valuable  functions  of  the  Central  Bureau  would 
be  the  arrangement  of  cooking  demonstrations,  and  lectures  in 
connection  therewith.  This  is  a  form  of  publicity  which  should 
bring  electrical  apparatus  most  closely  to  the  notice  of  the  public. 

Opinions  are  divided  as  to  whether  the  contractor  or  the  supply 
undertakiner,  or  both,  should  run  local  showrooms,  with  the  result 
that  in  many  cases  instead  of  the  two  interests  running  in  harness 
they  run  in  opposition.  In  the  interests  of  the  general  cause  this 
might  be  properly  organised  on  co-operative  lines.  Where  the 
contractors  have  already  been  sufficiently  enterprising  and  have 
established  good  showrooms,  station  engineers  should  ofDcialy  re- 
cognise them  as  sources  of  electrical  information  and  should  re- 
commend the  local  piiblic  to  make  use  of  them  as  if  they  were 
actually  established  by  the  undertaking  itself.  In  other  directions 
the  showrooms  already  established  by  the  supply  uodertaking  would 
be  the  more  desirable. 

What  is  required  in  connection  with  a  national  scheme  is  un- 
doubtedly the  establishment  of,  at  any  rate,  one  first-class  show- 
room in  every  centre,  where  all  the  most  modern  appliances  can  be 
viewed  and  capably  demonstrated,  where  every  possible  information 
as  to  cost,  comparative  rates,  advantasres  of  electricity  over  coal  or 
gas,  manufacturers'  list  prices,  addresses  of  local  contractors,  new 
developments,  &c.,  will  be  properly  registered  and  ailways  kept 
available  for  the  benefit  of  the  public. 

All  such  showrooms — whether  already  established  or  yet  to  be 
arranged  for — should  be  more  or  less  uniform  as  far  as  style  and 
lay-out  are  concerned.  Also,  they  should  be  properly  equipped 
with  all  possible  information  needed  by  the  public,  and  each  should 
be  under  the  control  of  a  man  who  is  accustomed  to  deal  with  the 
public.     Only  such  a  body  as  that  suggested  could  possibly  under- 


Daily  jSslJ'rtail 


KLECiRicrrv 


1  0P<nONT,  F.I.FXrrRICAL  INFORMATION  Ul  Ht..ll 


Suggested  Ejsamples  of  Press  Advertising 


effective  ,  but  it  is,  of  course,  limited  in  its  sphere  of  opera- 
tions, and  for  this  reason  should  be  handled  independently  by  the 
various  supply  undertakings,  manufacturers  and  contractors. 

All  subscribers  to  the  Publicity  Association  desiring  to  do  so 
should  be  entitled  to  purchase  the  Association  literature  at  special 
rates,  which  undoubtedly  would  enable  them  to  effect  considerable 
savings  on  their  present  expenses  in  this  direction,  whilst  at  the 
same  time  obtaining  the  right  material. 

The  supply  authorities  in  all  parts  of  the  country  should  not 
diminish  their  individual  publicity  operations  on  account  of  the 
fact  that  a  broader  scheme  might  be  in  operation  :  the  one  is  merely 
intended  to  support  the  other. 

To  meet  the  requests  for  ready-made  literature  I  suggest  a  series 
of,  say,  six  booklets.  These  should  be  made  as  attractive  as  possible, 
yet  should  differ  widely  in  appearance  from  one  another.  It  must 
be  remembertd  that  repetition  begets  familiarity  ;  and  familiarity 
breeds  contempt.  The  points  to  be  emphaiised  throughout  are  the 
convenience,  cleanliness,  hygienic  qualities,  reduction  of  fire  risks, 
simplicity,  and  economy  of  electricity  for  all  purposes. 

I  would  advocate  an  extension  at  a  later  date  by  issuing  separate 
booklets  appealing  to  distinct  industries.  ' 

Wherever  "intensive'  advertising  is  concerned,  avoid  generali- 
ties 80  far  as  possible.  Know  as  much  as  is  possible  of  the  local 
conditiono  under  which  elt-ctricity  would  be  used,  and  convince  the 
reader  that  his  particular  requirt  ments  have  been  carefully  studied. 

I  believe  there  will  be  general  agreement  as  to  the  desirability  of 
having  a  London  address  for  the  Publicity  Association,  no  malt*r 
what  class  of  scheme  is  decided  upon.  Even  with  the  national 
Bcheme  London  would  iindoubttdly  from  all  juints  of  view  be  most 
desirable  for  the  headquarters.  From  there  all  the  "extensive" 
advertising  of  the  scheme  would  be  conducted.  Moreover,  such 
headquarters  would  act  in  an  advisory  capacity  as  far  as  publicity 
is  concerned  for  the  benefit  of  all  members  of  the  Assooiation, 


take  this  work,  and  then  probably  only  in  connection  with  a  scheme 
for  national  advertising.  Sales  should  not  be  effected  at  these 
authorised  sho^'rooms. 

For  outlying  districts  where  local  showrooms  would  not  be 
justified,  it  might  be  possible  to  organise  a  small  travelling  exhibi- 
tion, to  move  from  district  to  district,  staying  for  four  to  six  days 
ia  each.  Practical  demonstrations  should  be  given  by  a  capable 
lecturer,  with  lectures  on  the  subject  of  heating  and  cooking  by 
electricity. 

Bill  posting,  again,  is  "extensive  '  advertising — in  fact,  the  most 
extensive  of  all.  Press  advertising  and  bill  posting  work  in  entirely 
different  directions,  and  yet  posters  aid  Press  work  to  a  very  con- 
siderable degree.  If  I  were  asked  to  describe  the  difference  between 
advertiung  by  poster  and  advertising  in  the  Pres?,  I  should  class 
the  former  as  a  "  shop  window "  and  the  latter  as  a  salesman 
therein.  We  cannot  expect  actually  to  sell  by  poster,  but  we  can 
obtain  magnificent  publicity,  which  can  be  followed  up  in  the  most 
desirable  and  effective  manner  pcssible  by  augmentative  copy  in  the 
daily  papers. 

In  bill  posting,  bold  methods  should  be  adopted,  first  in  the  size 
of  the  bill,  secondly  in  the  selection  of  colour  scheme,  thirdly  in  the 
design,  and  fourthly  in  the  point  made.     As  a  general  rule,  the  leflBj 
said  on   a  poster  the   more  effective   tlie  bill  is   likely  to  be.    No 
attempt  should  be  made  to  make  more  than  one  point. 

In  the  scheme  which  I  have  discussed  1  would  make  provision  for 
a  permanent  display  over  two  periods  of  three  months  each,  of  about 
1,100  Iti-sheet  d  c.  bills  on  selected  bill-posting  stations  in  the  most 
prominent  thoroughfares  in  London  and  Greater  London.  For  the 
spring  and  summer  campaign  I  sujrgest  two  bills,  one  advertisiogf 
electric  cooking  and  the  other  advertising  ventilation  by  electricity. 
In  fair  weather  it  is  generally  safe  to  reckon  that  two  bills  must  be 
allowed  for  each  position  for  a  three  months'  display,  so  that,  if  the 
cooking   bill   went  up  first,   when  [a  renewal  was  necessary  the 


Vol.72.    No.  i,8|n,  FKnuuAUYL'K,  iyi:t.!     Tjjg     ELF^^CTllICAL     RKVIEW. 


8»9 


ventilating  bill  could  be  put  in  itH  ploco,  or  rit'r  ivmn.  In  wintur 
time,  an  average  of  2i  billH  per  poHilion  nhoutd  bo  allowod,  oh 
rcnowftlH  arc  niiturully  more  frecpiont,  on  aucoiint  of  rouKhor 
weather.  In  the  autumn  campai(cn,  I  recommend  the  a<loption  of 
similar  menHurcH,  Hhowiiipf  first  an  a<lverti»<uinunt  of  olootrio  li|{ht- 
inu  and  repliiciiitr  it  with  electric  heatinir. 

The  size  of  bill  which  I  Hupirest  meaHuroH  10  ft.  X  6  ft.  M  in. 
upritfht.  Hill  poHtinj;  re<iaire8  thorou(fhly  careful  handling,  other- 
wise IcakapeH  iin^  bound  to  occur. 

IJy  the  cnii>loyiiient  of  illuminated  animated  BJifnH,  it  would  Ix) 
possible  to  make  one  of  the  most  powerful  appoalH  to  the  public. 
Af;ain  "exteiiHive  "  advertieinu,  thiH  follows  on  the  Hamc  course  as 
bill  postint;.  It  never  fiils  to  attract,  as  it  stands  out  in  stronpr 
contrast  with  the  darkened  surroundings,  and  we,  as  an  industry, 
have  every  facility  for  the  production  of  novelty  in  this  direction. 
Positions  should  be  chosen  with  every  care,  and  our  appeal  made  in 
the  most  animated  form  possible.  After  a  suitable  "  run  "  in  the 
metropolis,  the  sij^ns  could  be  re-erected  in  prominent  provincial 
centres,  and  so  tfo  on  perpetually  doing:  good. 

Rents  for  (jood  positions  are  usually  heavy,  and  this  fact,  com- 
bined with  the  excellent  publicity  value  obtainable,  would  prompt 
me  to  allocate  two-twelfths  of  my  proposed  expenditure  for  this 
particular  purpose, 

The  proposed  Publicity  Association  should  do  the  "  extensive  "' 
work  only  ;  its  establishment  need  in  no  way  interfere  with  the 
individual  efforts  of  supply  authoritie?,  manufacturers  or  con- 
tractors, each  of  whom  would  continue  to  advertise  "intensively  " 
as  hitherto. 

Individual  efforts,  whilst  hijjhiy  desirable,  are  not  suflBcient ; 
results  of  infinite  value  might  be  obtained  by  co-operation.  Local 
efforts  might  interest  a  town,  but  a  general  campaign  would  set 
the  nation  thinking. 

It  is  a  policy  which  has  been  openly  advocated  for  some  time  past 
by  several  of  the  electrical  trade  journals. 


Discussion. 


Me.  W.  E.  Wakrilow  saidi  that  this  important  'subject  had 
already  been  hammered  at  during  a  recent  discus-^on  in  London  on 
the  wider  uses  of  electricity.  The  Press  men  had  also  been  ham- 
mering at  the  same  thing  in  their  columns,  and  endeavouring  to 
bring  about  the  crystallisation  of  the  various  interests  concerned. 
The  gas  people  had  already  got  ahead  on  this  matter,  the  B.C.G.A. 
having  pursued  a  line  of  action  for  some  time  similar  to  that  sug- 
gested by  the  author.  The  B.C.G.A.  levied  a  toll  on  its  members 
baaed  upon  the  output  of  each  undertaking,  and  was  supported  by 
the  municipalities  and  gas  companies  throughout  the  country. 
The  Electricity  Supply  Publicity  Committee  was  supported  by  the 
London  companies  by  contribution,  but  he  did  not  know  of  any 
Mnnicipal  Supply  Committee  which  subscribed  direct  to  that  body, 
though  the  municipalities  purchased  pamphlets  and  booklets  from 
the  Committee.  The  fact  that  the  IE  E.  hai  formed  a  Publicity 
Section,'  showed  that  the  manufacturers  were  getting  together 
on  a  most  important  question.  The  author  had  suggested  that 
the  London  and  Provincial  papers  would  write  up  electrical 
notes  on  the  same  lines  as  cycling  and  fashion  notes  ;  he 
did  not  think  this  procedure  would  appeal  to  the  public. 
In  the  case  of  money  spent  by  the  Gas  Association,  there 
was  nothing  to  show  that  they  had  been  able  to  influence  the  Press 
to  put  in  articles  and  notices  as  to  the  delights  of  gas.  Many  firms 
■who  had  been  purchasing  space  for  many  years,  had  used  this  space 
for  communicative  articles  set  up  in  almost  the  same  type  as  the 
text  of  the  paper.  The  B.CG  A.  did  not  advertise  electricity  in  any 
way  by  depreciating  it,  and  in  advertising  electricity  the  advertise- 
ments should  be  free  from  reference  to  gas  matters.  Station 
engineers  did  not  care  for  stereotyped  material.  They  preferred  to 
add  local  colour  to  the  publications,  and  in  view  of  additional  busi- 
ness, to  give  the  order  for  printing  to  a  local  firm.  ■The  central 
information  bureau  should  act  almost  entirely  in  an  advisory 
capacity. 

Mr.  a.  G.  Seaman  said  it  was  only  by  making  paople  realise 
that  something  greatly  to  their  advantage  was  offered  that  they 
could  push  the  industry  along,  and  the  time  was  now  ripe  for  so 
doing.  The  domestic  applications  of  electricity  were  rapidly  coming 
within  the  reach  of  an  ever-increasing  circle  of  people,  and  these 
facts  ought  to  be  brought  prominently  to  the  public  notice.  The 
expenditure  necessary  for  carrying  out  such  a  scheme  of  publicity 
would  have  to  be  borne  by  all  concprned  in  the  industry,  and  a 
combined  effort  would  be  essential  in  order  to  carry  out  a  com- 
prehensive and  thorough  carapai/n. 

Mr.  F.  C.  Raphael  said  it  was  obvious  that  to  advertise  elec- 
tricity more  fully  would  benefit  everyone  concerned,  and  it  was 
only  a  matter  of  ways  and  means.  Had  the  author  really  thought 
out,  not  the  desirability  of  such  an  association,  but  whether  the 
proposition  was  within  the  bounds  of  practical  politics  .'  What 
would  he  offer  to  members  who  joined  the  Association  ,'  The  whole 
industry  would  benefit  equally,  whether  they  joined  the  Association 
or  not ;  and  the  only  benefit  that  members  would  obtain  would  be 
advice  gratis,  which  was  never  well  received.  Publicity  literature 
was  also  offered  at  reduced  rates,  but,  as  already  stated  by  a  pre- 
vious speaker,  a  great  many  engineers  preferred  to  buy  this  locally. 
In  hij  opinion,  the  author  would  find  much  difficulty  in  forming 
such  an  Association  as  was  suggested.  He  had  some  time  ago 
tried  to  make  much  of  the  point  that  advertising  in  the  daily  Press 
should  be  indulged  in  to  a  greater  extent.  If  every  electrical 
supply  undertaking  would  contribute  an  ayerage  of  £50  a  year,  a 
sum  of  about  £25,000  a  year  would  be  available.  The  figure 
quoted  in  the  paper  for  daily  Press  advertising  was  not  enough. 
Local  advertising  was  permissible,  but  he  did  not  know  whether 
in  municipal   undertakings  this   power  was  extended  to  general 


mlvortiHing.  IlilliwHting  Khoiild  not  Jk;  carriwl  to  r.xtmm. 
I'rcHg  a<lvnrtiHiiig  waH  much  more  remunerative  and  warranted  » 
much  larger  pro|iortionut<!  outlay.  Notice*  written  by  un  odvnrtiiier 
were  nearly  alwuyn  r<'i:ogiilMable,  and  they  could  only  l«i  ro>de 
unrecogniHublo  by  much  lulxiur  on  the  part  of  thr-  Mub  i<lit/>r  to 
whom  such  dutiuH  were  UHuulIy  relegated,  and  furthirr,  the  Oliver- 
tislng  man  did  not  look  kindly  u\x>n  such  mutllotion.  Thnre  won 
more  friction  and  trouble  in  connection  with  thcMi  "puff  notirMxt 
than  in  connection  with  any  other  branch  of  pajK-T  work,  and  thi-y 
were  more  difll<:ult  to  handle  than  ony  amount  of  technical  work. 
The  same  applied  to  Home  extent  to  daily  I'reitH  work.  If  it  wb« 
desired  to  get  electrical  not<M  into  the  daily  Pres,  they  mubt  have 
firBt-clasH  lectures  by  firHt-cloHH  lecturerH,  cmljodying  new  ideoM  on 
electrical  subjects.  He  did  not  believe  in  the  ordinary  Hhowroom, 
and  considered  it  an  ineflicient  way  of  Helling  gooils.  If  aKDpply 
undertaking  had  a  showroom  it  should  »<«  able  to  Bell  the  articlea 
displayed. 

Mit.  B.  Wklhoi  UN  said  that  in  the  United  State*  and  Canada 
much  greater  use  was  made  of  electricity  by  the  public  than  at 
home.  He  was  not  convinced  that  there  was  need  for  the  Ahm- 
ciation  suggested,  but  he  did  think  that  the  scheme  should  be 
placed  under  the  auspices  of  the  parent  Institution.  Mancheitter 
appeared  to  be  a  much  more  central  position  for  an  awociation 
headquarters  than  London.  The  author  appeared  to  lay  too  much 
stress  on  the  domestic  uses  of  electricity  and  not  enough  on  the 
power  side  of  the  industry.  There  wa,s  nothing  like  the  electric 
iron  for  bringing  home  the  advantages  of  electricity  for  domestic 
purposes.  In  the  case  of  a  large  London  supply  undertaking,  a 
striking  feature  of  the  last  year's  business  was  the  extraordinory 
number  of  extensions  to  installations  for  both  lighting  and  power 
purposes. 

Mr  1".  'Walker  did  not  think  the  author  went  far  enough  in 
speaking  of  a  total  outlay  of  £30,000.  Many  firms  spent  that 
amount  individually  on  advertising  in  a  single  year.  A  recent 
exhibition  in  Scotland  cost  £200  for  a  week,  and  the  engineer 
made  the  manufacturers  pay  most  of  the  bill.  The  advertising  of 
the  domestic  uses  of  electricity  was  primarily  for  the  purpose  of 
selling  electricity,  and,  in  consecjuence.  was  a  supply  company's 
job.  The  electricity  supply  undertakings  were  far  behind  the  gaa 
companies  in  advertising  the  sale  of  their  product. 

Mr.  a.  J.  Greenly  said  that  everyone  agreed  that  there  should 
be  such  an  association,  but  would  it  control  the  advertisinff 
manager  and  advertising,  or  would  it  confine  itself  to  the  raising 
and  administration  of  funds  .'  The  present  Publicity  Committee 
saw  all  advertisements  and  passed  on  all  ideas  for  advertisements, 
and  the  result  was  not  what  it  might  have  been.  He  thought  the 
best  way  of  obtaining  new  power  consumers  in  all  trades  was 
through  the  medium  of  the  trade  organs. 

Me.  L.  F.  K.  Holmae  said  the  point  at  issue  appeared  to  be  the 
getting  of  funds  for  the  propaganda.  The  settlement  of  the 
different  methods  of  advertising  to  be  adopted  would  not  be  a 
difficult  matter. 

Mr.  F.  Sells  approved  of  the  principle  of  co-operation.  If 
the  idea  were  possible  at  all.  it  should  be  handled  by  an  independent 
association  ;  in  the  event  of  a  subject  of  this  kind  being  tacked  on 
to  the  Publicity  Committee  of  the  I  E.E.  and  left  half  done,  nothing 
further  could  be  done.  London  was  not  the  right  centre  for  a 
movement  of  the  kind  suggested  :  if  the  meetings  were  held  in 
London,  the  provinces  would  hear  nothing  further  of  the  matter. 
Most  of  the  money  for  the  big  electrical  exhibitions,  which  had 
done  a  good  deal  of  good  to  the  industry,  came  from  the  manu- 
facturers. A  scheme  of  the  kind  proposed  should  be  supported 
mainly  by  the  supply  undertakings.  The  attitude  of  station 
engineers  was  shown  by  their  absence  from  the  meeting  ;  they 
were  usually  present  when  curves  and  technical  pap^ers  were  under 
discusfion,  but  there  were  very  few  present  to  listen  to  a  dis- 
cussion on  a  purely  commercial  question.  Mr.  Sells  sgreed  that 
showrooms  did  not  help  selling,  they  were  bound  to  be  a  failure. 

Mr.  S.  Rentell  agreed  with  Mr.  Sells  in  regard  to  showrooms. 
As  already  stated,  the  gas  undertakings  contributed  towards  their 
association,  and  there  was  no  apparent  reason  why  the  electricals 
should  not,  through  the  M.E.A.,  adopt  electrical  advertising  in  a 
simple  way  on  a  similar  basis. 

The  Author,  in  reply,  said  that  many  of  the  details  in  the  paper 
had  brought  forth  useful  criticism,  but  it  was  not  his  intention  to 
go  further  than  indicate  methods  whereby  a  start  might  be  made. 
He  wished  to  emphasise  the  fact  that  he  did  not  ask  for  editorial 
"  puff's,  "  as  it  would  be  quite  possible  to  supply  information  to  the 
Press  generally  in  such  a  way  that  they  would  be  glad  to  make 
use  of  the  information  as  news  purely  and  simply. 


A    Curiosity    Abolished. — Visitors    to   Bourneinoutli, 

especially  electrical  men,  will  have  noticed  with  great  interest  the 
old  method  of  trimming  the  arc  lamps  on  the  very  high  poles 
which  are  so  distinguishing  a  landmark  of  the  town.  Three  men 
pushing  a  truck,  containing  a  large  cage,  used  to  proceed  to  the 
foot  of  the  mast  ;  the  cage  was  got  into  position,  and  all  hand> 
lowered  a  circular  attachment,  which  was  normally  kept  suspended 
at  the  top.  The  cage  was  hoisted  with  one  man  in  it,  who  pro- 
ceeded to  trim  and  clean  the  lamps  at  the  top  of  the  pole.  Now, 
this  has  all  been  done  away  with,  and  the  modern,  safe,  and  cheaper 
method  of  lowering  the  lamps  has  been  substituted.  The  work,  in- 
cluding erection,  was  done  by  the  London  Electric  Firm,  using  their 
well-known  patent  contact-suspender  and  self-sastaining  winch. 


370 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.   lvon2.  No.  i,84o,  fbbbuaby  28, 1913 


LEGAL 


Edinburoh  Tramway  Company's  Appeai,. 

The  First  Division  of  the  Court  of  Session  has  decided  not  to 
disturb  the  verdict  of  the  jury  in  the  action  by  an  Edinburgh 
gfrooer  who  sued  the  Edinburerh  and  District  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd., 
for  £1,000  damages  in  respect  of  injuries  sustained  by  his  son. 
Pursuer  attributed  fault  to  the  defenders  in  respect  that  the  driver 
of  a  car  failed  to  keep  a  proper  look-out  and  give  warning  of  the 
approach  of  the  car.  Defenders  denied  fault  and  pleaded  contribu- 
tory negligence.  The  jury  awarded  pursuer  £200  damages  and  the 
company  applied  for  a  new  trial,  but  the  First  Division  held  that 
they  could  not  disturb  the  verdict  of  the  jury. 


Electbical  SippLY  Appeal  Case  in  the  Lords. 

The  House  of  Lords  has  been  occupiei  with  the  appeal  in  the  case 
London  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd.,  v.  Westminster  Electric 
Supply  Corporation,  Ltd.  The  matter  is  part  heard,  and  will  come 
on  again  to-day,  when,  in  all  probability,  judgment  will  be 
reserved. 


Sla.nder' Action  at  Aberdeen. 

In  the  Second  Division  of  the  Court  of  Session,  Lord  Hunter  heard 
counsel  on  the  question  of  the  allowance  of  issues  for  j  ury  trial  in 
an  action  by  Mr.  James  Alexander  Bell,  M.I.E.E.,  M.LM.E..  electrical 
engineer  of  the  City  of  Aberdeen,  against  Mr.  Alfred  Edward  Milne, 
solicitor,  31,  Adelphi,  Aberdeen,  hon.  secretary  of  the  Aberdeen 
Branch  of  the  Electrical  Contractors'  Association,  for  £1,000 
damages  for  alleged  slander  in  respect  of  a  letter  written  to  the 
town  clerk. 

Mr.  Wilton,  counsel  for  defender,  argued  that  there  was  no 
issuable  matter,  and  that  the  action  should  be  dismissed.  Quoting 
from  the  condescendence,  he  said  :  "  la  carrying  out  his  work,  the 
pursuer  was  recently  applied  to  by  Mr.  Alex.  Davidson,  solicitor,  to 
advise  him  regarding  the  installation  of  a  system  of  electriclighting 
and  heating  at  his  house,  Broomhill  Park,  Aberdeen.  Mr.  Davidson 
had  received  an  offer  from  Messrs.  A.  B.  Robertson  k  Son,  plumbers, 
Aberdeen,  to  execute  the  work  of  merely  wiring  in  wood-casine. 
exclusive  of  lamps,  distribution  boards,  or  fittings  of  any  kind. 
The  pursuer,  when  thus  applied  to  by  Mr.  Davidson,  gave  it  as  his 
opinion  that  the  charge  was  excessive  and  that  the  installation 
c3ald  be  carried  out  at  a  very  much  lower  rate  per  point.' 

Counsel  for  defender  next  read  the  following  letter  (in  which,  he 
said,  the  alleged  slander  was  contained),  to  Dr.  Gordon,  the  town 
clerk,  from  31,  Adelphi : — 

Aberdeen,  November  27th,  1912. 

Electrical  Contractors'  Association. 

Dear  Sir, — At  a  meeting  of  the  above  Association,  held  on 
Tuesday,  26th  inst.,  the  members  had  under  discussion  a  complaint 
by'one  of  the  members  against  Mr.  Bell,  city  electrical  engineer. 

The  circumstances  are  as  follows  : — One  of  the  contractors  had 
been  asked  to  tender  for  an  electrical  installation  in  Aberdeen.  The 
gentleman  for  whom  the  work  was  to  be  executed  met  Mr.  Bell, 
and  in  course  of  a  conversation  between  them  Mr.  Bell  expressed 
himself  very  strongly  on  the  question  of  the  immoderate  cost  of  the 
installation  in  Aberdeen,  and  in  reference  to  the  particular  contract 
stated  : — "  The  work  is  done,  and  well  done,  in  Edinburgh  for 
123.  6d.  per  point,  while  your  rate  is  22s.''  Following  upon  this 
conversation  the  contractor  received  a  letter  from  his  client,  in 
which  he  stated  : — "  I  have  no  choice  but  to  take  in  competitive 
offers,  or  throw  up  the  whole  idea  if — for  the  reason  indicated  by 
Mr.  Bell — none  of  the  offers  is  at  least  moderately  fair." 

From  the  above  you  will,  no  doubt,  observe  that  Mr.  Bell  has 
made  very  grave  and  slanderous  charges  against  the  Aberdeen  con- 
tractors, reflecting  upon  their  honesty.  The  Aberdeen  contractors 
emphatically  deny  that  work  of  the  same  quality  and  materials  can 
be  done  at  12s.  (>d.  per  point,  and  in  evidence  thereof  refer  yon  to 
any  of  the  leading  architects  \n  Aberdeen,  or  to  the  Glasgow  con- 
tractors, whose  charge  for  the  same  work  is  from  25s.  to  27s.  per 
point.  It  will  be  within  your  recollection  that  similar  charges 
were  made  by  the  city  engineer  in  reference  to  the  City  Hospital 
contract.  In  particular,  he  stated  that  that  contract  could 
be  done  for  half  of  the  amount  of  the  lowest  Aberdeen 
tender,  and  in  support  of  his  contention  he  invited  tenders  from 
the  south,  which  all  exceeded  those  made  by  the  Aberdeen  con- 
tractors, thus  conclusively  showing  that  Mr.  Bell's  knowledge  of 
electrical  contracting  work  was  very  elementary.  • 

Apart  from  this,  however,  the  members  consider  that  it  is  out- 
with  the  jurisdiction  of  the  city  engineer  to  interfere  between  con- 
tractor and  client,  and  that  all  along  Mr.  Bell's  attitude  towards 
contractors  has  not  been  conductive  to  harmonious  working  between 
ratepayers  and  the  official  of  a  public  department.  In  this  parti- 
cular case,  Mr.  Bell  has  asked  one  of  his  a'sistants  to  make  a  full 
specification  for  the  electric  installation.  Mr.  Bell  and  his  assist- 
ants are  paid  salaries  to  look  after  the  ratepayers"  interests,  but  not 
to  take  work  out  of  the  contractors'  hands.  His  actions,  I  am  sure, 
must  appeal  to  the  members  of  the  Town  Council  as  most  intoler- 
able. In  Glasgow,  where  there  are  many  more  contractors  than  in 
Aberdeen,  the  relations  between  the  city  engineer  and  the  con- 
tractors are  of  a  most  harmonious  nature,  and  there  each  endea- 
vours to  help  the  other  as  much  as  possible  :  whereas  in  Aberdeen 
there  seems  to  be  continuous  trouble  between  the  city  engineer  and 
the  contractors. 


Matters  have  now  come  to  such  a  pass  that  steps  must  be  taken 
to  safeguard  the  interests  of  the  contractors.  They  consider  that 
they  are  being  most  harshly  and  unfairly  treated  by  the  city 
engineer,  and  they  respectfully  beg  that  the  members  of  the  Council 
will  take  such  steps  as  they  deem  best  for  the  protection  of  the 
contractors  and  the  safeguarding  of  their  interests. 

I  shall  be  glad  if  you  will  submit  this  letter  to  the  Council  at 
their  meeting  to  be  held  on  Monday  first,  and  shall  be  glad  to  hear 
from  you. — Yours  faithfully, 

A.  E.  Milne, 

//on.  Si;-. 

Counsel  (proceeding)  said  Mr.  Cooper  must  admit  or  deny  the 
truth  of  the  statements  he  had  read. 

Mr.  Cooper,  K.C,  for  pursuer  :  I  say  the  whole  of  the  state- 
ments are  false  and  untrue. 

Lord  Hcnteh  :  I  see  no  reflection  upon  anyone's  honesty. 
Supposing  you  extract  a  slanderous  meaning  from  an  innocent 
expression,  can  you  describe  that  as  in  itself  slanderous  .'  It  says 
that  in  Aberdeen  they  desire  such  heavy  profits  that  they  want 
twice  as  much  as  what  contractors  in  Edinburgh  want.  That  might 
be  an  idiosyncracy  of  Aberdeen. 

Mb.  Wilton  said  it  was  maintained  by  the  other  side  that  the 
letter  imputed  to  the  pursuer  ignorance,  incompetency  and  want 
of  skill  in  professional  duties,  but  he  submitted  it  was  not  innuendo 
borne  out  at  all  by  the  particular  passage  in  the  letter.  It  merely 
meant  that  this  gentleman  had  held  his  position  for  1.5  years,  that 
the  electrical  trade  had  developed  very  much  since  then,  and 
although  he  might  have  been  well  up  in  matters  at  that  particular 
time,  he  apparently  was  not  abreast  of  modern  conditions.  Counsel 
submitted  that  the  letter,  on  the  whole,  was  a  most  rea.sonable  pro- 
duction, and  contained  no  malice  and  no  excessive  language. 

Lord  Hunter  :  That  would  be  a  privileged  letter. 

Mr  Wilton  :  Yes :  I  submit  that  there  must  be  malice,  and 
there  are  no  facts  so  far  as  this  particular  defender  is  concerned 
inferring  malice. 

A  reference  by  counsel  to  the  Trades  Disputes  Act,  190C,  drew 
from  his  Lordship  the  observation  that  it  would  require  very 
strong  authority  to  convince  him  that,  if  the  letter  was  slanderous, 
the  Act  of  1906  protected  the  defender. 

Mr.  Lippe,  counsel  for  pursuer,  pleaded  that  all  the  issues  should 
be  allowed.  He  quoted  a  Trade  Union  precedent  where  it  was 
held  that  although  the  law  protected  the  Trade  L'nion,  it  did  not 
protect  the  official  who  was  the  mouthpiece  of  the  Union  in 
uttering  a  slanderous  statement.  There  was  nothing  in  this  case 
in  the  fact  that  defender  happened  to  be  a  solicitor.  He  was 
there  simply  and  solely  as  an  official  of  a  Trade  Union,  by  whose 
hand  the  injurious  statements  were  written  reflecting  upon  the 
character  of  the  pursuer.  Referring  to  the  third  paragraph  in 
defender's  letter,  Mr.  Lippe  pointed  out  that  defender  did  not  say, 
"  In  my  opinion  your  electrical  engineer  does  not  have  a  great 
knowledge  of  his  duties, "  but  rather,  "  It  conclusively  shows  he 
has  a  very  elementary  knowledge  of  his  business."  That,  counsel 
thought,  had  been  held  in  a  case  much  weaker  to  be  a  direct  charge 
of  incompetency  against  a  person  in  his  professional  duUes.  The 
Association  took  the  opportunity  to  write  to  pursuer's  employers  to 
say  that  "  this  servant  of  yours  knows  little  or  nothing  about  the 
duties  he  has  to  perform  " — clearly  with  a  view  to  injuring  him. 
If  he  had  been  dismissed  for  incapacity,  what  chance  would  he 
have  had  of  getting  another  situation  .'  The  .slander,  if  it  was 
slander,  was  one  of  the  gravest  character.  Accordingly  he  held 
that  the  language  employed  in  the  letter  would  amply  bear  the 
innuendo  which  the  pursuer  put  upon  it — that  of  "  ignorance, 
incompetence,  and  want  of  professional  skill."  Therefore,  he 
contended  that  the  first  issue  should  be  allowed. 

Counsel,  proceeding,  said  there  could  be  no  possible  privilege. 

Lord  Huntkr  :  If  you  interfere  with  individual  members  of  an 
Association  and  the  interests  of  these  members,  the  secretary  of  the 
Union  may  have  an  interest. 

Mr  Lippe  :  But  I  don't  see  how  that  will  give  him  a  privilege. 

Lord  Hunter  :  It  may  arise  from  the  circumstances. 

Mr.  Lippe  argued  that  defender  himself,  not  being  a  member  of 
the  Electrical  Association,  cut  himself  adrift  entirely  from  the 
plea  of  privilege.  What  privilege  could  he  have  except  the  privi- 
lege of  his  Association  .'  He  did  not  see  how  defender  was  different 
from  any  private  individual  in  Aberdeen.  He  got  no  benefit  from 
the  Assofiiation. 

Lord  Hunter  :  Do  you  aver  that  in  writing  the  letter  he 
exceeded  instructions .' 

Mh.  Lippe  :  My  contention  is  that  defender  cannot  claim 
privilege  and  throw  upon  ns  the  onus  of  imputing  malice. 

Lord  Hunteb  :  Any  member  of  the  public  would  be  entitled  to 
write. 

JIr.  Lii'PE:  What  right  would  the  man  in  the  street  have  to 
interfere  in  a  dispute  between  the  Electrical  Association  and  the 
electrical  engineer.'  If  an  ordinary  member  of  the  public  had 
written  a  letter  of  this  sort  he  would  have  pleaded  in  vain  that  he 
was  privileged.  In  regard  to  the  second  issue,  counsel's  contention 
was  that  it  was  slander  to  say  of  another  that  he  had  committed 
slander.  Defender  distinctly  charged  Mr.  Bell  with  having  uttered 
slanderous  charges.  In  their  condescendence  they  said  : — The 
letter  further  falsely  and  maliciously  states  that  pursuer  was 
guilty  of  making  very  grave  and  slanderous  charges  against  the 
Aberdeen  contractors  reflecting  upon  their  honesty,  and  that  he 
has  made  similar  very  grave  and  slanderous  charges  on  a  previous 
occasion.'  If  defender  had  charged  them  with  saying  that  and  it 
was  not  true,  counsel  thought  it  was  perfectly  obvious  that  that 
was  a  slander  committed  against  them.  Therefore  the  second 
issue,  subject  to  his  Lordships  suggestion  as  to  the  innuendo, 
should  also  be  allowed. 

Mr.  Wilton  said  it  was  not  disputed  that  the  letter  was  written 


Vol.72.  No.i.sio,  FK..m;A«v2H.  i!)i:..i   THE    ELECTRICAL    RKVTMW. 


:;71 


HO  thnt  the  faotH  iiii^^ht  bo  put  hvforo  tho  (/'nrporation.  Plainly 
no  malice  wan  attnehablo  to  the  nHHouiation  und  the  inemberH  of  it, 
and  ('((uully  no  niiilice  waH  to  bo  attuohcd  to  the  Holioitor  or  other 
otlicial  who  waH  nuked  to  convey  tho  information.  Surely  a  trader 
had  u  rii;ht  to  complain  to  the  Corporation  of  the  actinKH  of  one  of 
their  oflleials  / 

Loud  IIunteu  :  Not  in  respect  of  his  actin)CB  towardH  a  different 
member. 

Mu.  CooPEU,  K.(/'.,  for  tho  pursuer,  said  their  contention  was 
that  tho  so-called  criticism  in  the  letter  was  not  criticism 
foimded  upon  fiictw  accurately  set  forth.  Defender  did  not 
merely  indulijo  in  his  letter  in  criticism,  but  he  wont  into  a 
criticism  which  was  per  xe,  and  apart  from  cveryHiintr  else, 
libellous.  Every  day,  ho  supposed,  people  were  paying  that 
particular  people  were  charpfin^  too  much  for  what  they  were 
doinj;:.  That  was  not  a  charge  of  difhonesty.  If  the  defender  had 
said  that  it  was  very  unfair  of  Mr.  Bell  to  po  and  do  these  sort  of 
thinprs  that  would  have  come  within  the  region  of  fair  comment 
upon  facts  accurately  set  forth,  but  he  attributed  to  Mr.  Bell  the 
levclliner  of  slanderous  charges  against  Aberdeen  contractors.  The 
idea  that  a  body  holding  extraordinary  protection  under  tho  law 
could  constitute  itself  a  sort  of  censor  on  the  public  officials  of 
a  town,  and  although  not  monetarily  interested  in  the  matter  at 
all,  could  send  libellous  letters  to  the  Town  Council  about  their 
officials,  was  a  monstrous  one.  Regarding  the  question  of 
privilege,  he  submitted  that  the  defence  had  not  produced  a  single 
authority  that  came  within  miles  of  the  position. 

Lord  Hunter  reserved  judgment. 


Damages  aoainst  the  London  Electric  Railway  Co. 

In  the  King's  Bench  Division  of  the  High  Court,  on  Monday,  Mr. 
Justice  Coleridge  and  a  Common  Jury  heard  an  action  in  which 
Mr.  Daniel  Badcock,  of  Winchendon  Road,  Teddington,  sued  the 
London  Electric  Railway  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  damages  for  personal 
injuries. 

Mr.  Badcock's  case  was  that,  owing  to  a  defect  in  the  footway 
leading  to  the  Bakerloo  Tube  at  Waterloo,  he  fell  and  seriously 
injured  his  right  shoulder,  and  Dr.  E.  R.  Dawson,  of  Teddington, 
who  gave  evidence  in  support  of  the  claim,  said  the  use  of  the 
joint  was  permanently  impaired. 

The  railway  company  disputed  the  claim,  with  a  contention 
that  the  accident  occurred  on  a  part  of  the  path  that  did  not 
belong  to  them,  but  the  jury  eventually  returned  a  verdict  in 
favour  of  Mr.  Badcock  for  £172  damages,  and  judgment  was 
entered  accordingly. 

His  Lordship  granted  the  railway  company  a  conditional  stay 
of  execntion,  with  a  view  to  a  possible  appeal. 


OsRAM  Lamp  Patents. 


In  the  Chancery  Division,  before  Mr.  Justice  Parker,  on  Friday, 
February  2 1st,  the  alleged  infringement  of  Osram  lamp  patents  was 
the  subject  of  a  motion  for  an  interim  injunction. 

Mr.  Hunter  Gray,  counsel  for  the  Osram  Lamp  Works,  Ltd., 
Brook  Green,  Hammersmith,  plaintiffs  in  the  action,  said  he  was 
moving  for  an  injunction  to  restrain  the  defendant,  M.  L.  Apple, 
from  selling  lamps  which  the  plaintiffs  contended  were  an  infringe- 
ment of  their  lamps.  He  understood  that  the  defendant,  who  was 
appearing  in  person,  had  filed  one  affidavit  which  he  would  read,  and 
that  defendant  would  produce  evidence  at  the  trial  with  the  object 
of  showing  that  an  essential  difference  existed  between  the  Osram 
lamps  and  the  Brewer  lamps  sold  by  the  defendant.  The  filaments 
used  in  the  Osram  lamps  were  made  by  a  chemical  process,  and  the 
plaintiffs  had  evidence  to  show  that  that  process  was  infringed. 
Counsel  then  read  the  affidavit  of  Dr.  Oberlander  who  had  examined 
the  Brewer  lamps.  The  affidavit  was  as  follows  : — "  The  whole  of 
the  lamps  examined  by  me  contain  filaments  made  of  tungsten,  and 
from  my  examination  I  am  satisfied  that  the  process  adopted  in  the 
manufacture  consisted  in  mixing  finely  divided  tungsten  with  an 
organic  binding  medium,  subsequently  carbonised,  and  that  tl\e 
greater  part  of  the  carbon  was  afterwards  removed  therefrom 
chemically.  I  know  of  no  method  of  commercially  effecting  such 
chemical  removal  other  than  by  the  use  of  an  atmosphere  of  steam 
and  hydrogen  as  described  in  letters  patent  23,899,"  1904,  or  the 
use  of  hydrogen  and  nitrogen  as  described  in  letters  patent  18,622 
of  190t!.'" 

Counsel  then  read  defendant's  affidavit  in  reply.  Defendant  said 
that  Dr.  Oberlander's  expert  opinion  in  the  use  of  the  words 
"  finely  divided "  was  too  general,  and  was  misleading.  He 
(counsel)  submitted  that  that  was  no  answer,  and  that  a  chemical 
process  was  involved  in  the  Brewer  foreign-made  lamps.  Defendant 
got  his  lamps  from  abroad,  but  did  not  say  in  his  affidavit  by  whom 
they  were  made  nor  by  what  process.  The  case  was  curious,  in  that 
it  was  impossible  by  analysis  to  find  out  the  exact  _process  involved. 
But  he  contended  that  where  there  was  carbon  left  in  the  finished 
filament,  then  that  filament  could  not  have  been  made  without 
infringing  one  of  the  two  processes  covered  by  the  Osram  patents. 

The  Defendant,  addressing  his  Lordship,  said  that,  as  a  matter 
of  fact,  he  did  not  supply  Osram  lamps  or  lamps  like  the  Osram 
lamps  at  all,  either  by  himself  or  by  agents.  His  lamp  was  of  an 
entirely  different  make,  and  the  plaintiff's  were  a  great  company, 
who  merely  wanted  to  crush  him  down.  He  was  fully  prepared 
to  offer  evidence  to  prove  that  his  lamps  were  entirely  different. 

Mk.  Justice  Parker  ;  You  will  have  full  opportunity  to  do 
that  at  the  trial. 

Defendant,  who  was  a  foreigner,  said  something  in  reply  which 
was  inaudible. 


Ilia  LoUDHlili- :  You  don't  Huy  how  your  lamp*  are  m%i\t.  Ihooifb 
you  say  you  arc  prepared  with  ovideiiiM),  and  I  am  afraid  1  tthull 
have  to  rewtrain  tho  huIi;  of  yr)ur  lumpn  pendinif  trial.  But  you  will 
have  an  undertiiking  as  to  damagoM  from  the  plaintiffK,  and  if  yonr 
contention  is  right  you  will  recover  hfjavy  dainaKCH. 

Dufondunt  reix-uted  that  he  did  not  mdl  Oiram  lam[>n. 

Mu.  Quay  :  Ho  (meaning  defendant)  Ih  one  of  thoiie  Kentlemen 
who  gets  his  lamps  from  abroad,  and  it  in  practically  impoB«ibl<-  to 
stop  them. 

His  LoUDSHip,  in  granting  an  injunction,  referred  to  the 
defendant's  affidavit,  and  caid  that  though  defendant  Bwore  that 
ho  got  his  lamps  from  abroad,  li«!  did  not  condefx;cnd  t'j  nay  how 
they  were  made  nor  by  whom.  That  waw  notsatisfa'itnry,  although 
he  said  he  was  going  to  give  evidence  at  the  trial,  for  it  wa» 
impossible  to  say  from  what  source  that  evidence  wa«  coming. 
He  would,  therefore,  grant  an  injunction  pending  the  trial  with  a 
proper  undertaking  as  to  damages.  Costs  of  the  motion  to  be  oontn 
in  the  action. 

His  LouDSHiP  to  the  defendant  ;  "  You  must  not  sell  these  thinjri' 
pending  the  trial,  and  you  ([uite  understand  that  if  you  are  right 
you  will  get  damages." 


ISA.\c.'s  I-.  Chektekton. 


At  Bow  Street  Police  Court,  on  20th  inst..  Sir  Albert  de  Ilntzen 
granted  a  summons  on  behalf  of  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs,  managing 
director  of  the  Marconi  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd.,  against  Mr. 
Cecil  Chesterton,  editor  of  the  y^w  ^Vitnfn»  (formerly  the  Ey. 
Witness),  in  respect  of  a  series  of  libels  published  between  October, 
1912,  and  January,  1913.  The  hearing  began  on  Wednesday, 
February  26th. 


Osram  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.  '•.  Schloss. 

In  the  Chancery  Division  on  Friday,  February  2lBt,  before  Mr. 
Justice  Swinfen  Eady,  Mr.  Gray  mentioned  a  motion  in  thi«  action 
which,  he  said,  was  to  restrain  infringement  of  patent.  Defendants, 
however,  required  further  time  to  answer  evidence  ;  and  plaintiffs, 
with  his  Lordship's  sanction,  were  disposed  to  give  them  another 
week. 

His  Lordship  granted  a  week's  adjournment. 


Austria's  Foreiffn  T^ade.— The  foreign  trade  of  Austria 
in  electrical  goods  during  the  year  1912  was  of  a  satisfactory 
character,  the  imports  showing  an  increase  of  10.000,000  kronen,  and 
the  exports  of  2,500,000  kronen.  In  detail,  there  was  an  increase 
of  30  per  cent,  in  the  imports  of  dynamos,  low-pressure  apparatus, 
measuring  and  calculating  instruments,  glow  lamps,  high-pressure 
apparatus  and  carbons ;  of  the  imports,  90  per  cent,  came  from  Germany. 
The  exports  of  dynamos  reached  values  more  than  double  those  of  the 
previous  year.  A  considerable  rise  marked  also  the  exports  of 
switch  and  contact  appliances,  cable  and  wire.  On  the  other  hand, 
only  a  moderate  increase  was  shown  in  the  shipments  of  glow  and 
arc  lamps  and  carbons  compared  with  the  previous  year.  The 
shrinkage  in  the  export  figures  is  due  less  to  the  falling -off  in  the 
Eastern,  than  to  the  declension  in  the  general  European,  shipments. 
The  exports  for  the  year  totalled  76,028  quintals,  of  a  money  value 
of  41,556.900  kronen,  of  which  dynamos  stood  for  42,599  quintals, 
worth  14,480,800  kronen.  The  exports  were  37,982  quintals,  valued 
at  1 2,532,200  kronen,  of  which  dynamos  were  6,150  quintals,  of  amoney 
worth  of  1,344,100  kronen.  As  stated  previously,  Germany  almost 
monopolises  the  Austrian  import  trade,  10  per  cent,  of  it  only  being 
left  to  other  countries,  of  which  Switzerland  appropriates  the  larger 
portion,  the  British  share  being  restricted  to  small  shipments  (27 
quintals)  of  dynamos,  motors  and  transformers  :  measuring  and 
calculating  instruments  (52  quintals) ;  electric  lamp  fittings  (23 
quintals)  ;  electrical  apparatus  (200  quintals)  ;  cable  and  insulated 
wire  (30  quintals)  ;  and  carbons  (58  quintals).  The  chief  customers 
for  Austrian  exports  of  electrical  goods  were  the  Balkan  States, 
Greece,  Russia,  Italy,  Turkey,  Egypt,  Spain,  the  United  States,  kc. 
England's  small  purchases  comprising  glow  lamps  (4.51  quintals), 
cable  and  insulated  wire  (409  quintals),  gutta-percha-covered  cable 
and  tvire  (36  quintals),  asbestos  and  paper-covered  cables  and  wire 
(304  quintals),  and  carbons  (2,052  quintals). — Eli'ktroh-chn'-k  uml 
Mnsehinenhaii . 

Cineniatocrraph  Films  of  Cable  Manufacture.— We 

are  informed  that  the  A.EG.,  of  Berlin,  have  just  produced  a 
series  of  cinematograph  films  showing  the  process  of  manufacturing 
electric  cables  from  start  to  finish,  and  are  prepared  to  lend  these 
films  to  technical  Societies  and  Institutions  for  lectures.  Every 
stage  of  manufacture  is  shown,  from  the  arrival  of  the  copper 
ingots  to  the  dispatch  of  the  completed  cable,  and  the  A.  E.G.  have 
prepared  an  explanatory  lecture  to  accompany  the  exhibition  of  the 
films  If  necessary,  they  are  willing  to  send  an  expert  to  deliver  a 
special  lecture.  The  company  only  provide  the  films,  and  societies 
using  them  must  make  their  own  arrangements  for  exhibition,  and 
must  provide  the  apparatus.  If  possible,  the  exhibition  should  take 
place  in  a  properly  equipped  cinematograph  theatre,  but  if  an 
ordinary  lecture  hall  is  used,  care  should  be  taken  to  keep  down 
the  noise  of  the  apparatus  as  much  as  possible,  so  that  this  does  not 
interfere  with  the  deliver;  of  the  lecture.  Most  of  the  pictures 
being  of  interiors,  it  is  recommended  that  a  70-ampere  projector 
lamp  be  used,  in  order  to  give  the  necessary  clearness  to  the  pictures 
on  the  screen.  Application  for  the  loan  of  these  films  should  be 
made  early  to  the  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  Charing  Cross  Road, 
London,  W.C,  the  British  representatives  of  the  A  E.G. 


372 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,  [voi.72.   no.  i,84o,  febeuaky  28, 1913. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR.    1913. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 

Oompiled  expressly  for  this  joamal  by  Messhs.  W.  P.  TnoMPsoti  4  Co., 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holbom,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Mbssbs.  W.  p.  Tuoupsom  &  Co.,  385,  High  Holbom,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1912. 


3,351.  "  Process  of  and  means  for  mouldiDg  telegraph,  telephone  and  like 
insulators."    D.  G.  Norman.    February  10th. 

3,357.  "  Fuse  or  joint  boxes  or  the  like  electrical  fittings."  C.  P.  Melandeb. 
February  10th. 

3.370.  "  Apparatus  for  heating  liquids  electrically."  K.  P.  H.  Svhdicate, 
Ltd.,  and  C.  Kbatt.    February  10th. 

3,387.  "  Receptacles  for  diaphragm  guards  for  telephone  mouthpieces."  F. 
LowKsBTEiN.     February  10th.    (Complete.) 

3,401.    "  Shade  or  globe  holder  for  lamps."    F.  A.  Bashktt.    February  10th. 

8,431.  "Circuit  arrangements  for  automatic  or  semi-automatic  telephone 
systems  in  which  there  are  several  lines  to  a  station  or  group  of  stations." 
6IXMEN8  4  Halshb  Akt.-Ges.  (Convention  date,  February  9th,  1012,  Germany.) 
February  10th.    (Complete.) 

3j43a.  "  Telegraph  system,  unaCTected  by  static  charges  from  neighbouring 
ri^r'f  °*'°°  ''°e8-"  Siemens  i  Uaxsee  Akt.-Ges.  (Convention  date,  February 
lath,  1912,  Germany.)    February  lOlh.    (Complete.) 

8,446.  "  Protective  device  for  the  circuits  of  electric  motors."  S.  L.  GtEsN 
and  BBiTiSH  Pnel^atu  Railway  Sional  Co.,  Ltd.  February  10th.  (Com- 
plete.) 

3.462.  ''Electric  switches."  Bbitisb  Thomson  ■  Hot;8TON  Co.,  Ltd. 
(General  Eleotrio  Co.,  United  States.)    February  10th. 

8.463.  "Electricity  meters."    J.  Elster.    February  10th.    (Complete.) 
3.487.    "  Ignition  gear  for  internal-combustion  engines."    W.  H.  Moobe  and 

A.  8HAHDLOW  &  Co.,  Ltd.    February  11th. 

3,512.     "  Electrodes  (or  electric  arcs."    H.  Aybtom.    February  11th. 

8,525.  "Process  for  the  production  of  a  tungsten  compound  for  use  in  the 
S'"'^  .,*""*  °'  e'eotrie  incandescence  filaments  or  bodies."  F.  Hansen  and 
w.  *.MoHB.  (Divided  application  on  9,9U,  1912.  July  25th.)  February  lltli. 
(Complete.) 

8,539.  "Method  of  and  apparatus  for  increasing  the  eflect  of  variations  of 
electric  current."    A.  C.  Fiuler.    February  11th. 

8,M2.  "Electrical  advertising  signs,  devices,  or  the  like."  L.  Mautin  and 
a.  NixET.    February  lUh.    (Complete.) 

3.565.  "  Electric  motor  control  systems."  British  Tho.mson-Hoi-ston  Co., 
Ltd.    (General  Electric  Co.,  United  Sutes.)    February  Uth. 

3.566.  "Manufacture  of  a  material  suitable  for  electrical  insulation  and 
otner  purposes."  British  Tbomson-Hocstok  Co.,  Ltd,  (General  Electric  Co., 
United  States.)    February  llth. 

oi^iS?,o>"^°J*'™*''°  ""legraph  transmitter."    E.  J.  Kessels.    (Addition  to 
21,832/12.)    February  llth. 

TAi^n  J,"^^1^S^?°^  receivers."      E.  Gbissinger.    (Divided  application  on 
7,482/12,  March  27th.)    February  llth.    (Complete.) 

.lo'i^''.-  ','  ^"'<'f  'Of  packing  eggs,  incandescent  lamp  bulbs,  and  other  break- 
able articles."    J.  B.  Warbkk.     February  llth.    (Complete.) 
D  ^^"      "Field      magnets     for     dynamo-electric      machinery."      Siemens- 
BcmrcKEBTWEBKE  G.m.b.H.    (Convention  date,  February  17th,  1912,  Germany.) 
February  12th.    (Complete.) 

io?J?^®".^"^°f^*'''°''°'^°'^6scent  electric  lamps."    H.  HtTBBEix.    February 
12th.    (Complete.) 

3  679.  "Electric  ignition  devices."  H.  A.  Palmer.  (F.  J.  Pahner,  India.) 
rebruary  12(h. 

3,680.  I' Apparatus  for  printing  tickets  or  the  like  automaticallv  by 
11,^°  iDw  r-  ^^^^"KiNE  Elektricitats  Ges.  (Convention  date,  Februarv 
iWrd,  1912,  Germany  )    February  12th.    (Complete.) 

i-fi;^'    '!n^?*^*^'i '"  'icandescent  electric  lamp3  or  the  like."    H.  Hubbell. 
rebruary  12th.     (Complete.) 

8,684.  "Motor  control  systems."  British  Thomson-Hocstok  Co.,  Ltd. 
(General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    February  12ih. 

T^t:^^,U  "  E'ec'f'c  motor  control  systems."     British  Thomson-Houston  Co., 
LTD.  (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    February  12th. 

3,695.     "Metal-filament  electric  lifht  bulb."    E.  Milnes.    February  13lh. 

3,719.    "Electrically. propelled  vehicle  or  locomotive  trolleys."    W.  Dcfk. 

3,732.     "  Revolver-Switch  safety-fuse  plug."    0.  Weiss.    February  13th. 

3,749.  "Tungsten-fllament  and  a  process  of  manufacturing  same."  M.  M. 
^f^h  "«^.>"".^  o'  J-  Rubers.  (Julius  Pintsch  Akt.  Ges  ,  Germany.) 
(Divided  Application  on  8,7.'«'12,  April  13th.)    February  18th. 

3,759.  "  Electric  drivinc  mechanism  (or  spindles,  flyers,  or  similar  parts 
used  in  machines  (or  working  textiles."  Soc.  L'Kclaibage  ELECTBiyCE.  (Con- 
vention date,  April  16th.  1912,  France.)    February  13th.    (Complete.) 

3,771.     "  Wireless  signalling."    J.  L.  Fenemore,  jun.    February  13th. 

^•™-     "Electric  candle   fittings."     F.    Hodgson.    February    13th.    (Com- 

3,780.  '•Telephone  sub-station  circuits."  E.  Grissinger.  (Divided  applica- 
tion on  7,482,  1912.  March  27th,)    February  13th.    (Complete.) 

3,805.    "  Electric  lamps."    W.  B.  Bladon.    February  14ih. 

3j817.  "Electric  control  on  three  or  more  wire  circuits."  E.  E.  Tasker. 
February  14th. 

3,820.  "  Portable  apparatus  for  nenerating  electric  currents  for  lighting  or 
other  purposes."    R.  V.Mostin.    February  Uth. 

i-^L^^i.o"  J'™*^  switches."    F.  KRurr    Abt.-Ges.    (Convention  date,  March 
lath,  1912,  Germany.)    February  14th,    (Complete.) 

Sfi.^.  "Submarine  telegraphy  or  telephony."  Signal  Ges.  m.b.H.  (Conven- 
tion date,  February  17ih,  1912,  Germany.)    February  14th.    (Complete.) 

8,855.  "Electric  regulating  liiiuid  resistances."  H.  C.  E.  Boitabd. 
February  Uth.    (Complete.) 

3,867.  "Trolleys  for  electric  traction  systems."  B.  M.  Monro  and  R.  E.  T. 
Constriction  Co.,  Ltd.    February  14th. 

8,861.     "Primary    electric    batteries"     G.    S.    Enole.    (Convention    date, 
October  8lh,  1912,  United  St»te3.)    February  14th.    (Complete.) 
„''^    "Electric    heating    and    lighting    devices."    A.  C.   Micbie  and  Sir 
R.  A.  8.  Paget.     February  Uth. 

8.880,  "Alternating  electric  current  generators."  H.  K.  Whitehobn  and 
ScBMEBSiBL*  &  J.  L.  MoioBS,  Ltd.     February  14th. 

8.882.  "  Method  and  apparatus  for  suppressing  the  interruption  arc  on 
switches."    W.  Bubstvn.    Febmary  Ulh.    (Complete.) 

8.883,  "  Automatic  transmitters  (or  telegraphic  signals."  Cbeed,  Bille 
aBD  Co.    (Harold  Bille,  United  States.)    February  Uth,    (Complete) 

3.923,     "Electric  contact  plug."    J.  8.  Holmes.    Februaty  15tb, 

8  931.  "  Shade-holders  for  incandescent,  electric,  and  other  lamps."  D.  G. 
Sacnders,  Jin.    February  16th.    (Complete.) 

3,934,  "Testing  the  sound-receivers  of  submarine  signalling  apparatus," 
BionalOes.  u  B.U,  (Convention  date,  March  9th,  1912,  Germany,!  Februarj- 
I5th.    (Complete.) 

8,943.  "  Electro-vacuum  safeguard  alarm  against  burglary  and  fire."  W.  B. 
Vale,     February  15th, 

3,962.  "  Call  or  alarm  apparatus  for  use  in  wireless  telegraphy."  Mab'  OM's 
Wireless  Telbubaph  Oi.  and  H.  Dobell.     February  16th. 


AtrroMATiCALLV  -  controlled    Elbctric     Switches.      F.    P.    Clifford.      3,915. 

February  16th. 
Electrical  Switches.    H.  W.  Cox.    5,280.    March  2na. 
Apparatus  for  Cuaboino  Accv>iul.\tobs.     K,  von  Drcger.    5,484,    March  4tb. 

(March  3ra,  1911.) 
Electbolykis  OF  Liquids.    J.  G.  Faulin.    6,261,    March  13th, 
Electbioal  FtBNACKs.    I,  Renuerfelt.    7,367,    March  £6th. 
Elsctboi\pe  and  Pbocess  eob  the  Pboddctios  tbebeof,    J.Murray.    8,746' 

April  18th, 
Portable  Electric  Reading  Lamp,    6.  J.  Levi,  A.  H.  Rose  and  T.  A.  Rose. 

9,442.    April  V2nd. 
Electric  FisE.    W.  B,  Boyd  and  J.  B,  Tannahill,    12,278.    May  23i-d. 
Telegraphic  Photography.    C.  Stille,    12,709.    May  29th.    (June  2nd,  1911.) 
Mebccby  Switches  and  Arbanobments  foh  Starting  Electric  Motors  by 

Means  of  the  Same.    Siemens  Schuekertwerke  Ges.    14,087.    June  nth. 

(June  21st,  1911.) 
Process  fob  Mani  f.vctcring  Fireproof  Electricallv-Conductino  Moulded 

Bodies.    Geb,  Siemens  &  Co.    16,044.    July  9th,     (July  20ih,  1911,) 
Feeding  Mechakisu  for  the  Electrodes  of  Ele,  tric  Arc  Lamps.  F,  Steinert. 

19,425.    August  24th,    (Divided  application  on  No,  1,765  of  1913,  January 

22nd.) 
Electric  Animal  and  Insect  Extebminatobs.    C.  C.  Tuch.    22.661.    October 

7th.    (October  17Ui,  1911.) 
Self-acting  Electric  Switch  Devices.    Schott  &   Gen.     25,518.    November 

17lh,    (November  13tl),  1911,) 
Depolarising  Agents  for  Galvanic  Cells.    British  Ever-Ready  Electrical  (3o. 

(Heil,)    25,784.     November  9th. 
Moving  Coil,  Electrical  Measdrimo  and  Like  Inbtrumxnts.    J,  W.  Record. 

26,241.    November  15th. 
Moving  Coil,  Electrical  MxAsuBiNa  and  Like  Instruments.    J.  W.  Record. 

26,212.    November  15th. 
Typewriters  and  Analogous  Devices  Adapted  to  be  Operated   by  a  Per 

fobated  Tape  or  the  Like.    A.  Eraser  and  Eastern  Telegraph  Co.    1,822. 

January  23rd. 
Automatic    Battebv    o^-eb    Diecuaboe    Preventer.      H.    Leitner.      2,310. 

January  29th. 
Electrical    Water-Heaters.      M.    H.    Bchoenberg.      2,622.      January    3l6t. 

(April  29th,  1911.) 
Electric  Switches.    H.  Leitner.    2,747.    February  2nd.    (Cognate  application. 

No.  8,224  of  1912.) 
Electrical  Device  fob  Catching  and  Destroying  Flies  and  othbb  Small 

Insects.    A.  J.  Wright  and  W.  W.  Nibloe.    2,873.    February  3rd. 
Electrical  Measuring  and  SiONALLiiia  Instruments    of  the    Movino-Coil 

Type.    J,  W.  Record.    3,454.    February  12th, 
Electromagnetic  Speed-varying  akd  Reversing  Gear.    B.  Brukwicki.    4,468. 

February  22nd. 
Conhectop.s  or  Lugs  fob  Electbic  Conductors.    J.  E.  M.  Bobh  and  J.  Shaw. 

5,907.     March  8th. 
Electbic  Insulators.    Bullers,  Ltd.,  and  O.  \.  Twiss.    6,!87.    March  18th. 
Wireless  Telegraphy.    A.  E.  J.  Vlug.    10,111,    April  29th. 
Portable  Electric  Battery  Lamps.    B.  Pordcs.    11,859.    May  13th. 
Incandescent  Lamp  Sockets.    A.  Bchuchardt.    12,6*2,    May  29th. 
Electric    Switches.      Venncr    Time    Switches,  Ltd.,    and  R.  C.  Grieabach.^ 

15,366.    July  1st. 
Timing  Devices  for  Operating  Electric  Switches  and  other  Apparatus.    B, 

Chiger.    16,142,    July  10th. 
Electric  Furnaces.    L.  Gonnet.    19,287.    August  22nd.    (March  15tfa,  1913.) 
Production  of  Sheet  Mica  and  the  Like  from    Mica  Waste  and    OTBsm 

Materuls.    F.  Boiling,    21,445.    September  20th. 
Regulation  of  the  Speed  of  Electthic  Motors.      Siemens  SchockertweiU 

G.m.b.H.    23,341.    Octoberl2th.    (October  13th,  1911.) 
Electric  Conduit  Junction  Boxes  or  Like  Electric  Fittings.    F.  H.  Terry, 

H.  M.  Bigwood  and  Brotherton  Tubes  &  Conduits,  Ltd.    24,492.    October' 

26th. 
Ignition  Plugs  for    Internal-combustion  Engines.     A.   Ruprecht.     28,41li 

December  9th.    (December  llth,  1911.) 
Driving  of  Vehicles  by  Means  of  Inteenal-combusiiok  Engines  CkiMBiNBB 

WITH  Dynamos,  Aocomulatobs  and  Motors.     H.  Piejper.     39,686.     Feb-' 

ruary9th,    (Februarv  20(h,  1911.    Divided  application  on  No.  8,281  of  19U,' 

Februarv  9tl!.) 


New  Showrooms. — The  full  provision  rDa(]e  by  the 
Genebal  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  display  of  various  classes 
of  its  manufactures  has  been  increased  by  the  opening  of  a  show- 
room in  the  bjisement  of  71,  (^ueen  Victoria  Street,  E.G.,  wherd 
there  is  on  view  a  comprehensive  exhibit  of  arc  lamps  and  acceS' 
series,  Witton  motors  and  machinery,  ventilating  and  eng-ineei' 
ing  supplies,  telephones,  electric  light  supplies,  switchgear, 
ko.  The  new  showroom  is  open  for  inspection  by  the  public, 
and  contractors  are  invited  to  send  their  clients  to  view  it.  Th» 
exhibits  are  set  out  on  stands  down  the  centre  and  round  the  sides 
of  the  rooms,  the  arrangement  being  such  as  to  give  every  oppor 
tnnity  for  close  inspection.  A  large  proportion  of  the  apparatus  ii 
wired  up,  and  can  be  seen  in  actual  working. 

Osram  Costumes. — During  the  past  few  months  an 
"  Osram  Lady'  or  an  "Osram  Man  '  has  put  in  an  appearance 
at  entertainments,  dances,  balls,  skating  rink  carnivals,  &c.,  and  we 
understand  that  those  who  have  availed  themselves  of  the 
outfit  provided  by  the  publicity  department  of  the  Gknebal 
Electbic  Co,,  Lti>.,  have  found  it  an  easy  matter  to  make  up 
fancy  costumes  sufficiently  attractive  to  win  prizes.  We  have 
received  illustrations  showing  several  simple,  attractive  combina- 
tions of  Osram  literature  and  lamps,  which  have  been  affected 
by  prize-winners  at  Watford,  Long  Ditton  and  Weybridge 
carnivals,  but  the  literature  lends  itself  to  many  other  attractive 
designs. 


T  J»ES 


H3IjEOTI^IC.A.Xj    I^E'VIE^W. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


MARCH  7,  1918. 


No.  1,841. 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


THE     ENDS     OF     THE     RAINBOW. 


Vol.  LXXII.] 


CONTENTS :  March  7, 1918. 


The  Ends  of  the  Rainbow 

Constantinople  Electrical  Schemes 
HanufacturinfT  in  Russia  ... 

Electric  Cookinpr      

Hints  for  Electricians  (illus.') 


[No.  1,811. 

P»g8 

...  STi 

...  374 

...  374 

...  375 

...  375 


The  Future  of  British  Electrical  Industry  in  North  Chintl   ...  376 
Correspondence : — 

Testing-  the  Continuity  of  Earth  Conductors         376 

Earthing  the  Neutral 3'77 

The  Eleutro-IIarmonic  Society          377 

Cost  of  Running  Small  Generating- Station           377 

Morse  Signalling  on  Submarine  Cables       377 

Legal 377 

BasineBS  Notes         '380 

Notes 388 

City  Notes 392 

Stocks  and  Shares 402 

Electric  Tramway  and  Railway  Traffic  Returns           402 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         403 

Exports  and   Imports  of  Electrical  Goods  during  Jan.,  1913  405 

Metal  Market. — Fluctuations  in  February         406 

A  Plea  for  the  Domestic  Load      406 

The  Use  of   Electricity  and   Electrical   Accidents  in  Mines 

{coiitinufd)            407 

Supply  to  Premises  situate  outside  the  "Area  of  Supply  "     ...  408 
Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

The  "  Electric  Arc  " 409 

The  Commercial  Aspect  of  Electric  Cooking  and  Heating 

(filing.)           410 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Manchester  Section)  413 

A  (;0,0u0-Volt  Underground  Cable  Installation  (illin.')            ...  413 

New  Electrical  Devices.  Fittings  and  Plant  (illus.)      415 

Foreign  and  Colonial  Tariffs  on  Electrical  Goods         415 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 416 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     416 

Contractors'  Column        Advertisement  pages  xxiv,  xxvi  and  xxviii 

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[3 


During  the  past  year,  in  connection  with  the  electrical 
industry,  a  fact  has  again  l^een  noticeable  which  has  from 
time  to  time  recurred  in  a  striking  manner.  Concurrently 
with  the  reports  of  abundance  of  work  and  general 
signs  of  progress  everywhere,  the  statement  has  been 
persistently  made  that  the  wages  to  skilled  employ<:-8 
have  been  low.  For  proof  of  this  statement  one  has 
only  to  turn  to  the  "  Correspondence "  columns  of  the 
ELECTRICAL  Re\'ii-:\v  and  note  the  comments  which  have 
been  made  upon  the  salaries  of  central-station  assistants. 

This  raises  an  important  problem  in  the  economics  of  the 
electrical  industry,  and  indeed  of  most  modern  branches  of 
skilled  labour,  and  without  in  any  way  professing  to  dis- 
cover a  remedy,  it  may  be  advisable  to  emphasise  truths 
which  have  before  been  enunciated  in  these  columns.  To 
do  so  we  may  venture  to  use  a  metaphor  even  at  the  risk  of 
the  accusation  of  poetical  tendencies.  Where  a  complete 
rainbow  is  seen,  certain  portions  of  the  landscape  at  its 
beginning  and  end  are  apparently  transfused  with  a  peculiar 
glamour  caused  by  the  prismatic  effect  of  the  light  coming 
from  that  direction.  In  the  same  way,  we  venture  to  say 
that  those  portions  of  industrial  activity  which  correspond 
with  the  beginning  and  end  of  the  developmental  period  of 
a  branch  of  industry,  present  features  of  unusual  interest 
that  draw  particular  attention,  and  as  the  tendency  to  run 
in  masses  is  a  human  instinct  which  is  almost  irresistible,  we 
observe  great  quantities  of  promising  material  gravitating 
either  in  the  direction  of  the  initial  stages  of  a  new  branch 
of  industry  or  to  the  opposite  pole  when  the  industry 
becomes  stereotyped.  In  both  these  directions  lie  the  fewest 
opportunities  ;  the  greatest  opportunity  lies  in  the  some- 
what humdrum  region  intermediate  between  these  two 
extremes,  when  prosaic  development  is  actually  and  steadily 
in  progress. 

We  believe  this  fact  to  be  so  important  that  we  think  it 
worth  while  to  insist  upon  it  a  little  further,  and  in  doing 
so  we  will  deal  first  of  all  with  the  initial  stages  of  the 
development  of  an  industry.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to 
remind  our  readers  that  fortunes  have  been  repeatedly  lost 
in  experimenting.  As  one  somewhat  cynical  authority  has 
stated,  "  First  steps  are  the  most  dangerous,  because  they 
are  usually  taken  innocently."  There  is,  however,  a  great 
temptation,  immediately  a  new  form  of  industry  appears  to 
be  developing,  to  get  into  the  new  movement  as  quickly  as 
possible,  regardless  of  the  fact  that  unforeseen  and  un- 
estimated  dangers  lie  in  front  which  may  wreck  the  most 
promising  career.  Even  at  the  present  day  we  believe  we 
are  correct  in  saying  that  the  aeroplane  industry,  which  is 
so  new  that  it  cannot  be  called  fully  standardifed,  and  has 
hardly  reached  the  point  of  commercial  utility,  has  become 
swamped  with  young  men  tendering  their  services  at  nominal 
wages,  and  even  offering  premiums  in  view  of  advantages 

■3] 


374 


THE    ELECTKICAL    KEVTEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,841,  March  7,  1913. 


which  they  may  reap  if  they  succeed  in  reaching  a  decent 
post  in  the  problematic  future. 

Turn  to  the  other  extreme.  It  is  equally  fatal  to  enter 
a  profession  when  that  profession  has  become  a  stereotyped 
affair.  Durinc:  the  days  of  the  renaissance  of  learning,  the 
term  "  clerk  "  was  one  that  signified  culture  and  deep  read- 
ing. It  was  a  title  of  honour.  In  the  present  day,  when 
free  education  has  turned  its  myriads  into  poorly  paid  office 
positions,  the  term  "  clerk  "  has  been  shorn  of  much  of  its 
dignity.  It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  in  most  of  the  older 
professions,  in  which  there  are  no  new  developments  and  which 
are  reckoned  respectable  and  safe,  the  entrant  pays  for  his 
respectability  by  having  to  wait  for  dead  men's  shoes. 
There  is  probably  not  to  be  found  in  the  whole  country  a 
more  respectable,  hard-working  and  intelligent  body  of  skilled 
men  than  in  the  banking  profession.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  salary  received  by  a  bank  clerk  for  a  very  considerable 
part  of  his  life  is  notoriously  low.  These  are  used  as  illus- 
trations of  the  principle  that  we  are  trying  to  lay  down 
that  after  the  stage  of  development  has  passed,  it  is  a  mistake 
to  enter  a  profession  with  the  idea  of  making  money.  In 
engineering  we  have  the  case  of  the  central  electric  power 
station,  which  is  nowadays  to  a  very  large  extent  a  stan- 
dardised production.  Hence,  in  very  many  cases  (with 
notable  exceptions),  wages  are  low  on  the  part  of  the 
operating  staffs.  Where  dissatisfaction  as  to  remuneration 
occurs,  it  is  worth  while  ascertaining  whether  on  the  one 
hand  the  industry  referred  to  is  in  its  pioneering  stages,  or  on 
the  other  it  is  in  such  a  state  of  standardisation  that  there 
is  no  room  to  move. 

"We  have  laboured  these  points  somewhat,  because  it  is 
necessary  to  drive  home  the  truth  that  the  greatest  chances 
of  success  are  in  the  intermediate  stage  of  steady  develop- 
ment, and  unless  a  man  can  get  into  some  employment 
where  such  development  is  proceeding,  he  stands  a  minimum 
chance  of  success.  It  is  even  better,  rather  than  to  go  into 
a  pioneering  industry  too  soon,  to  go  into  an  old  industry 
with  a  new  training.  For  example,  it  is  quite  conceivable 
that  a  bright  engineering  student  with  a  thoroughly  good 
grasp  of  mechanical  principles  and  up-to-date  methods  of 
doing  work  would  make  a  success  financially  of  such  an  old- 
established  branch  of  mechanical  engineering  as  ordinary 
mill-wrighting  work,  provided  that  he  brought  to  bear  upon 
that  old  profession  modern  methods.  In  other  words, 
success,  as  a  rule,  in  an  engineering  career  depends  on  doing 
an  old  thing  in  either  a  better,  a  quicker,  or  a  cheaper  way, 
and  it  is  here  that  the  prosaic  stage  of  development  of 
industry  lies.  Here  it  is  also  that  the  money  is  to  be 
found. 

We  would  like  to  leave  tlie  subject  at  this  point.  Readers 
who  examine  the  argument  will  find  in  practice  a  large 
number  of  instances  of  the  truth  of  the  principle  laid  down, 
and  as  nothing  is  more  important  to  a  man  than  a  clear 
idea  of  his  objective,  it  has  been  considered  worth  while  to 
put  forward  these  remarks,  not  in  a  dogmatic  spirit,  but  in 
order  that  they  can  be  thoroughly  discussed.  It  is  pitiable 
at  the  present  time  to  see  the  enormous  waste  of  good 
material  which  is  going  on  among  the  personnel  of 
engineering  activities.  Many  a  good  man  has  been  stifled 
through  being  in  the  wrong  place,  and  the  reason  for  liis 
being  in  the  wrong  place  has  been  that  he  has  attempted  to 
make  his  fortune  at  the  ends  of  the  rainbow  instead  of 
steering  for  the  middle  region. 


It  is  advisable  that  the  fact  should  not  be 

Constantinople   overlooked  that  the  recent  grant  of  a  con- 
£l6t'tTical 

Schemes  cession  for  the  construction  of  an  under- 
ground railway  in  Constantinople  forms 
part  of  an  international  combination  for  the  amalgamation 
of  certain  interests  in  the  Turkish  capital,  which  has  been 
proceeding  for  some  time  past.  The  combination,  which  is 
specially  attributed  to  the  efforts  made  by  the  Belgian 
Socicte  Financiere  de  Transports  and  the  Ban(jue  de 
Bruxelles,  bears  the  title  of  the  Consortium  de  Constantinople, 
with  headquarters  at  Brussels,  and  its  technical  management 
is,  or  was,  in  the  hands  of  the  Sociote  Financiere  de 
Transports. 

As  will,  perhaps,  be  remembered,  the  Consortium  or 
its  associated  group  already  owns  the  Constantinople 
tramways,  which  have  been  converted  to  electric  traction  ; 
the  Galata-Pera  tunnel  railway,  which  was  purchased 
from  an  English  company  ;  the  Stamboul  Gasworks ; 
and  the  Ganz  electric  lighting  concession.  The  addition  of 
the  proposed  underground  electric  railway  from  Taxim  to 
Bajadiz  apparently  completes  the  schemes,  which  are 
expected  to  involve  an  expenditure  of  £;^,600,000.  At 
least,  this  is  the  total  share  and  loan  capital  which  was 
nominally  subscribed  a  few  months  ago  by  the  numerous 
members  of  the  Consortium,  which  is  led  by  the  Deutsche 
Bank.  One  portion  of  the  capital  has  been  formed  by  the 
assets  brought  in  by  the  tramways,  gasworks  and  lighting  con- 
cession, whilst  the  remainder  has  been  subscribed  by  four 
subsidiary  groups.  Besides  the  Deutsche  Bank,  the  German 
list  contains  the  names  of  15  other  financial  institutions, 
including  the  Electric  Light  and  Power  Investment  Co.,  of 
Berlin,  and  the  Electrical  Enterprises  Co.  of  the  same 
city.  The  Belgian  group  contains  11  names,  inclusive  of 
those  of  the  two  banks  previously  mentioned  ;  the 
French  group  also  comprises  11  names,  of  which 
the  Imperial  Ottoman  Bank,  the  Banquc  de  Paris,  Comptoir 
National  and  the  Compagnie  Franc^-aise  Thomson-Houston 
may  be  cited  ;  whilst  Switzerland  is  represented  by  the 
Zurich  Bank  for  Electrical  Enterprises  and  the  Swiss  Credit 
Anstalt.  It  has,  however,  to  be  borne  in  mind  that  the 
Consortium  is  merely  a  preparatory  syndicate  for  the  Union 
Ottomane,  Societe  d'Entreprises  Electriques  ;i  Constantinople, 
which  was  formed  last  September,  and  which  will  pre- 
sumably be  required  by  its  interested  group  to  proceed  with 
the  construction  of  the  underground  railway  when  circum- 
stances are  favourable. 

The  fact  that  the  railway  concession  has  been  entrusted  to 
the  Consortium  is  not  particularly  new  in  itself,  as  it  was 
reported  last  autumn  that  the  Consortium  would  be  victorious 
over  the  rival  scheme  which  was  promoted  by  the  French 
Omnium  group,  headed  by  the  firm  of  Perrier  &  Co.  As 
affairs  now  stand,  the  Germans  expect  to  receive  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  orders  for  the  execution  of  the  work,  whDst 
the  balance  may  be  the  share  to  be  allotted  to  French  and 
Belgian  works. 


AccORDiNf!    to    reports  circulating   ia 
Manufacturing   j^t^rested  circles  in  Russia,  the  electrical 
in  Russia.  ,         .  .  ,     r, 

manufacturing      companies     of     German 

origin  in  that  country,  in  which  Teutonic  capital  of  con- 
siderable amount  is  invested,  experienced  very  favourable 
working  results  in  1012.  On  the  one  hand,  it  appears  that 
quite  a  number  of  central  stations  were  carried  out  in 
different  towns,  in  consequence  of  the  municipal  autho- 
rities being  able  to  raise  loans  for  the  purpose,  and  several 
of  these  loans  were  floated  in  England.  The  latter  cases, 
therefore,  represent  further  examples  of  British  capital 
being  advanced  in  order  to  provide  contracts  for  German 
works.  On  the  other  hand,  extensive  orders  were  placed 
with  the  electrical  firms  by  manufacturing  works  in  which 
the  use  of  electric  light  and  power  is  being  extended,  and 
the  long-expected  orders  from  the  Government  authoritie* 
also  provided  good  employment. 

A  further  step  in  connection  with  the  consolidation  of  the 
foreign  undertakings  in  Russia  is  in  contemplation.  Several 
years   ago   the    Helios   Co.   was   compelled  to   suspend   ite 


ToL  72.    No.  1,811,  Maiicii  7,  l'Ji:J. 


THE    ELECTIIICAL    UEVIEW. 


Mb 


Russian  branch,  und  n  little  Inter  the  separate  cable  depurt- 
meiits  of  three  works  were  toiiibiiied  in  the  form  of  the  Ignited 
Oabli!  Works  (;().  Now  the  UuKsian  Siinieim  <V  IlalskeC.'o., 
which  has  :i  shari;  capital  of  £.'>(;(),()()(>,  is  to  be  nierfjed  into 
the  UiiHHiiin  Schiickcrt  Co.,  whoso  share  aipital  amounts  to 
l';{0(),l)()().  It  was  only  in  1  ;il 2  that  tiu;  latter  company 
made  an  issue  of  C 100, ()()()  foi'  the  pnrjiosc  of  (l(!frayin{?  the 
expcnditnro  incurred  on  extensions  of  works,  and  thus 
advanced  the  total  to  £;^00,000.  The  dividend  paid  in 
r,H)'.)-10  and  IlllO-l]  was  I  per  cent,  for  each  year,  and 
T)  per  cent,  was  distributed  for  I'.tl  1-12.  On  the  otlier  hand, 
the  Siemens  &  llalske  Co.  paid  ;">  ])er  cent,  in  I 'JO!),  ■>  per 
cent,  in  r.HO,  and  ('>  per  cent,  in  lUll.  This  company  has 
also  made  large  extensions  of  works  in  recent  years,  and  has 
developed  its  scope  of  activity  by  participating  in  various 
undertakinj;s. 

The  combination  of  the  two  companies,  which  takes  the 
title  of  the  Russian  Siemeiis-Schuckert  Works,  found  its 
counterpart  in  the  case  -of  the  parent  undertakings  in 
Oermany  a  few  years  ago.  It  is  intended  to  be  carried  into 
effect  by  increasing  the  share  capital  of  the  Schuckert  Co. 
by  £1,200,000  to  £1,500,000,  and  the  object  is  to  facilitate 
financially  the  solution  of  the  lighting,  power  and  traction 
problems  arising  in  that  country.  The  Russian  AUgemeine 
Electricity  Co.,  which  is  the  only  remaining  German  manu- 
facturing company  of  importance,  now  has  a  share  capital  of 
£1,200,000,  of  which  the  sum  of  £-100,000  was  issued  last 
November.  The  rate  of  distribution  paid  was  ti  per  cent,  in 
1909,  7  per  cent,  in  1910,  and  K  per  cent,  in  1911,  whilst 
from  It  to  10  per  cent,  is  expected  for  1912. 


HINTS    FOR    ELECTRICIANS. 


!'.>    E.  A.  BKLCHEU. 


Electric 
Cooking. 


The  paper  read  before  the  I.E.E.  by 
Mr.  Wilmshurst,  which  we  abstract  in 
this  issue,  and  the  interesting  discussion 
which  followed,  are  welcome  indications  that  the  subject  of 
electric  cooking  is  now  receiving  serious  attention  at  the 
hands  of  central-station  managers.  It  will  be  noticed  that 
there  is  general  agreement  on  the  necessity  of  letting  out  the 
larger  apparatus  on  hire,  a  proposition  which  we  have  fre- 
quently supported  ;  there  is  no  doubt  at  all  that  that  is  the 
method  which  has  enabled  gas  suppliers  to  develop  their 
cooking  load  to  such  an  amazing  extent  within  the  last  10 
years,  and  there  is  no  other  way  to  do  it.  As  we  have 
pointed  out,  this  involves  the  manufacture  of  electric  cookers 
in  quantity,  on  standard  lines,  and  at  the  lowest  possible 
cost.  Those  firms  which  realise  the  need  and  lay  themselves 
out  to  meet  it  satisfactorily  will  be  the  firms  to  profit  by  the 
developments  which  will  follow.  So  long  as  the  manufacturers 
wait  for  the  demand  before  making  the  plunge,  and 
the  would-be  users  wait  for  the  reduction  in  price,  we  are 
merely  travelling  in  a  "  vicious  circle,"  and  no  progress  can 
be  made. 

We  are  glad  to  note  that  the  design  of  the  heating 
elements — the  crux  of  the  problem — is  steadily  improving, 
and  that  want  of  reliability  no  longer  avails  as  a  serious 
argument  against  the  use  of  electric  cookers.  The  remark- 
able guarantees  that  some  makers  are  now  prepared  to  give 
with  their  heating  elements  sufficiently  indicate  the  advance 
that  has  been  made.  The  importance  of  standardisa- 
tion will  make  itself  felt  more  and  more  as  electric  cooking 
becomes  more  popular,  and  makers  ought  to  give  close 
attention  to  this  subject,  though  at  the  present 
stage  of  evolution  it  would  be  premature  and 
ill-advised  to  attempt  to  formulate  rigid  standards.  How- 
ever, each  maker  can  at  least  see  to  it  that  his  own  products 
follow  some  systematic  order,  which  will  enable  users  to 
replace  parts  of  their  apparatus  at  any  time  at  the  minimum 
of  expense. 

We  believe  that  the. splendid  pioneer  work  that  has  been, 
and  is  being,  done  by  the  gas  suppliers  not  only  affords 
most  valuable  guidance  to  electrical  men,  but  is  of  direct 
service  to  the  electric  cooker,  for  the  public,  having  learnt 
to  appreciate  the  convenience  and  efficiency  of  the  gas 
cooker,  will  find  it  a  short  and  easy  step  onward  to  the 
greater  convenience  and  efficiency  of  the  electrical  apparatus, 
which  is  free  from  the  offensive  fumes  and  dirt  which, 
beyond  question,  are  the  usual  accompaniments  of  a  gas 
•cooker. 


It  \ci\  (iiK'ii  liapixns  that  the  electri(;iaii  in  climj."-  >n  a 
numljcr  of  motors  liiidH,  on  testing  a  direct-current  motor 
with  a  .Megger,  that  tin;  armature  has  devclo{x:d  u  bad  earth. 

As  very  few  have  the  advantage  of  a  supply  of  alternating 
current  to  turn  to,  the  following  tip  may  jirovo  of  u«f;  :  the 
writer  lias  been  able  to  locate  and  rejiair  faults,  thereby 
saving  an  enormous  amount  of  valuable  time  and  exjxiDse, 
when  otherwise  there  would  have  been  no  alternative  but  to 
return  the  defective  armature  to  the  makers,  thus  Ht<^)ppiDg 
machinery  for  an  indefinite  period  and  in<;urring  the  wrath 
of  his  employers  for  not  being  able  to  effect  a  repair,  as 
half  of  them  cannot  understand  what  is  wrong,  when  to  the 
eye  nothing  appears  amiss. 

Having  removed  the  armature  from  the  frame,  proceed  aa 
follows  : — Connect  up  wires  to  armature  as  in  fig.  1,  having 
in  circuit  a  low-reading  voltmeter  ;  the  writer  uses  a  central- 
zero  cell-testing  meter.     Put  a  lamp  of  small  candle-power 


Fig.  1. 

into  holder  (this  is  essential,  as  using  too  big  a  lamp  may 
spoil  the  low-reading  meter,  if  by  any  chance  the  wires  are 
removed  from  the  commutator).  The  writer  uses  a  IC-C.P. 
carbon  lamp  on  a  200-volt  circuit. 

Mark  the  segment  on  which  the  wire  is  placed,  and  switch 
on  current,  when  a  certain  reading  will  show  on  the  volt- 
meter ;  move  the  wire  round  the  commutator  one  segment 
at  a  time,  and  note  the  readings.  Continue  doing  this  until 
you  find  a  segment  or  segments  which  give  no  deflection  on 
the  meter  :  this  will  be  the  end  of  the  coil  on  which  the 
earth  is  situated,  and  having  ascertained  this,  it  will  be 
comparatively  easy  to  find  the  exact  spot. 

It  will  be  readily  understood  that  connection  is  made 
from  the  spindle  through  the  fault  and  through  the  coils  to 
the  segment  :  there  will  be  a  drop  in  volts  in  proportion  to 
the  size  of  the  lamp  used,  and  the  nearer  the  wire  is  moved 


SUPPLY  

0       0       0       O       O       QcARBOMAMrs 

Fig.  2. 


towards  the  coil  which  is  earthed,  the  less  will  be  the  drop 
in  volts,  until  the  faulty  coil  is  reached,  and  no  reading  is 
indicated  on  the  meter. 

To  find  either  a  broken  connection  or  a  short-circuited 
coil  proceed  as  follows . — 

Connect  the  armature  up  to  any  supply,  as  shown  in  tig.  2, 
fixing  the  wires  to  the  commutator  direotiy  opposite  one 
another  by  means  of  a  piece  of  string  tied  tightly  round  it. 
Take  a  cell-testing  voltmeter  and  find  the  voltage  drop 
between  two  adjacent  segments  :  if  the  meter  does  not  show  a 
big  enough  reading,  put  in  more  lamps.  The  writer  uses  aix 
.lO-c.p.  carbon  lamps  on  a  200-volt  circuit.  Continue  testing 
round,  in  like  manner,  segment  by  segment,  until  a  plate  is 
reached  which  shows  no  deflection  on  the  voltmeter,  or  a 
very  decidedly  lower  reading  ;  this  segment  will  he  the 
end  of  the  faulty  coil  if  short-circuited.     On  the  other  hand. 


376 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,841,  March  7,  191;!. 


if  there  is  a  disconnection  in  a  coii,  tlie  readings  in  the 
faulty  half  of  the  armatnrc  will  be  nil  until  the  faulty  coil  is 
reached,  when  a  larjie  rcadinsr  will  be  obtained. 

The  writer  has  had  considerable  trouble  with  various 
motors  to  jret  them  to  run  sparklessly,  but  has  effected  a 
cure  in  some  really  bad  oases  in  the  following  manner  : — 

After  the  commutator  has  been  turned  and  ground,  pro- 
cure a  hack  saw  blade  with  teeth  set  to  as  nearly  as  possible 
the  width  of  the  mica  between  the  segments  ;  lit  over  the 
back  of  the  saw,  the  whole  length,  a  piece  of  sheet-iron  in 
order  to  stiffen  it,  and  with  this  cut  out  the  mica  to 
about  g'.,  in.  below  the  level  of  the  commutator  surface.  As 
the  commutator  gets  slightly  scratched,  finish  it  off  by 
polishing  with  a  very  fine  piece  of  emery  cloth.  The  above 
does  not  take  so  long  as  many  may  anticipate,  and  any 
intelligent  labourer  can  be  easily  instructed  to  carry  out  the 
work.  The  writer  is  in  charge  of  over  40  motors  of  various 
horse-power,  and  has  found  the  above  tips  very  handy  in 
time  of  need.     No  novelty  is  claimed  for  theip. 


THE    FUTURE    OF    BRITISH    ELECTRICAL 
INDUSTRY    IN    NORTH    CHINA. 


By  nsi  CHrNG  CHI. 


Every  engineer  who  has  lived  in  the  North  of  China  for 
any  length  of  time  will  be  painfully  aware  of  the  total 
lack  of  energy  displayed  by  British  manufacturers  in  placing 
their  plant  and  material  within  reach  of  the  Chinese. 
With  the  exception  of  one  firm  in  Tientsin  there  is  no 
British  manufacturer  who  has  had  the  enterprise  to  send  a 
representative  here  to  open  an  office  and  get  in  touch  with 
the  big  contracts  which  are  now  frequently  being  let.  All 
through  the  slack  time  during  the  revolution  the  Hermans 
have  been  organising  their  methods  of  business,  with  the 
result  that  it  is  virtually  impossible  for  British  firms  to 
compete  with  them. 

It  is  of  no  use  to  quote  the  Chinese  for  engineering 
material  unless  prepared  to  do  so  delivered  with  all 
charges,  duty,  &c.,  paid,  in  good  condition  at  the  customer's 
go  down,  and  there  is  no  British  firm  in  North  China 
which  is  able  to  do  so.  If  material  is  bought  f.o.b.  London 
against  bills  of  lading,  it  is  very  likely  lost  during  tranship- 
ment at  Shanghai,  and  it  is  necessary  in  the  case  of  material 
for  towns  such  as  Peking  arriving  at  Tientsin,  for  someone 
to  journey  to  the  port  to  clear  it  through  the  Customs  and 
put  it  ou  the  train. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  German  engineering  firms  are 
perfectly  organised  both  at  Peking  and  Tientsin,  having  a 
staff  of  commercial  and  technical  men  who  are  able  to/advise 
the  Chinese,  quote  prices,  deliver  samples  with  their  'tenders 
via  Siberia  (a  benefit  which  our  Postmaster-General  considers 
quite  unnecessary),  and  see  their  cargo  through  to  its  destin- 
ation, taking  back  all  damaged  material. 

In  the  future,  nearly  all  large  Government  contracts  will 
be  decided  in  Peking,  and,  under  the  present  conditions, 
British  firms  have  no  earthly  chance  against  the  large 
German  ones. 

Another  fatal  error  of  our  manufacturers  is  their  treat- 
ment of  would-be  Chinese  engineering  students,  and  a 
pam])hlet  has  been  circulated  in  North  China  with  the  idea 
of  inducing  (r)  the  Chinese  to  send  their  sons  to  England 
to  learn  their  profession. 

Most  of  the  Chinese  that  I  have  met  who  wish  their  sons 
to  have  an  engineering  education  have  selected  England  or 
America,  as  P^nglish  is  still  the  leading  foreign  language 
amongst  the  Chinese,  and  most  of  the  boys  learn  it  in  the 
secondary  schools  here,  but  the  idea  of  spending  .1'220  a  year 
for  each  boy  puts  it  entirely  out  of  the  question.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  Germans  are  encouraging  Chinese  ap])rentice8 
in  every  way  they  can,  and  the  large  Berlin  firms  will  accept 
apprentices  from  good  families,  pay  their  railway  fares  to 
Germany,  article  them  for  five  years  without  a  premium,  and 
pay  them  a  living  wage  of,  I  think,  10,000  marks  for  the  five 
years. 


In  return  for  this  when  the  men  come  back  to  hold  good 
appointments,  they  have  a  full  knowledge  of  the  German 
language  and  of  German  plant  and  machinery,  with  a  result 
that  they  recommend  the  purchase  of  (Jerman  material  which 
they  understand  in  preference  to  British  which  they  do  not. 

This  is  a  matter  which  ought  to  have  the  serious  considera- 
tion of  the  new  British  Engineers'  Association,  but  all  we  have 
heard  of  that  august  committee  of  gentlemen  -up  to  the  pre- 
sent is  a  great  deal  of  after-dinner  talk.  If  this  associa- 
tion is  to  do  any  real  good,  the  absurd  subscription  of  £10 
per  firm  per  annum  will  have  to  be  very  considerably 
increased,  as  even  if  100  firms  subscribe,  the  revenue  will  be 
(juite  useless  to  achieve  any  object  here. 

j\Ir.  Beilby  Alston,  of  the  Foreign  Office,  came  out  here 
about  si.x  months  ago,  but  no  one  seems  to  know  what  good 
he  did,  as  three-quarters  of  the  engineering  fraternity  had 
no  opportunity  of  meeting  him  and  expressing  their  views. 
It  is  true  that  the  Tientsin  Englishmen  gave  him  a  dinner 
the  day  before  he  went  away,  and  hoped  to  hear  something 
on  that  occasion  about  future  prospects  for  British  trade,  but 
they  were  disappointed,  as  the  matter  was  hardly  alluded  to. 

In  conclusion,  I  would  repeat  that  North  China  electrical 
engineering  is  almost  entirely  in  the  hands  of  the  Germans, 
and  it  will  require  a  great  deal  of  enterprise  to  regain  for 
British  manufacturers  what  tliey  have  already  lost  through 
indifference  and  lack  of  enterprise. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Letters  received  by  ut  after  5  P.M.  ON  Tuesday  cannot  appear  ttntil 
eke  following  week.  Correspondent!  should  forward  their  communi- 
cations at  the  earliest  possible  moment.  2Vb  letter  can  be  published 
vnless  we  have  the  writer's  name  and  address  in  our  possestion. 


Tcsling  the  Continuity  of  Kartli  Conductors. 

ilr.  Davis  is  correct  in  saying  that  each  set  of  conditions 
should  be  considered  separately.  Referring  to  the  bridge 
test,  what  I  mean  is  this  :  Suppose  I  want  to  take  a  test  in  a 
section  where  haulages,  conveyors,  coal-cuttei-s  and  pumps 
are  operating,  one  or  other,  over  the  whole  24  hours,  then 
arrangements  for  clearing  switches,  &c.,  and,  perhaps,  short- 
circuiting  a  mile  inbye,  take,  say,  1.')  minutes,  test  5  minutes, 
arrangements  for  switching  on  10  minutes,  =  half-an-hour,  or 
15,000  gals,  on  a  500-gal.  pump,  walls  unstripped,  or  a  train 
of  coal  left  at  the  pit  bottom  at  the  day's  end.  His  "  volt 
drop  "  test  is  only  applicable  where  direct-current  is  available. 

I  agree  with  him  that  it  would  be  best  to  use  a  fairly 
heavy  current  for  testing,  where  this  can  be  done,  with 
alternating  currents  ;  it  would  be  interesting  to  get  at  the 
"  choking  "  effect  of  a  tape  or  wire  armouring.  The  former 
is  spirally  wound  and  would  have  a  higher  value  than  the 
latter,  which  is  placed  on  with  a  lay  or  twist.  This,  how- 
ever, presents  no  difficulty  with  a  small  testing  transformer 
having  a  variable  low  voltage  secondary. 

Would  Mr.  Davis  or  "Continuity  "  be  inclined  to  include 
this  in  the  final  result  called  for  under  Rule  8  (b)  or  Rule 
12  (e)  y  I  think  this  would  be  a  proper  test  to  apply  with 
the  other. 

Individual  conductors  are  mentioned  under  Rule  8  ; 
individual  cables  under  Rule  12.  What  about  the  total 
result,  with  joints,  cross  bonds,  tee  connections,  Ac,  all  in 
series  !'  "1  ohm  often  means  a  big  difference,  or  even 
•0;')  ohm,  on  a  large  conductor. 

Again,  are  we  bound  down  to  operating  at  1,000  amps,  to 
the  square  inch  ?  The  l.E.E.  standard  makes  a  considerable 
difference  on  the  smaller  sizes.  This  increases  the  voltB 
drop  on  the  armouring  in  the  event  of  a  fault,  when  the 
current  is  flowing. 

It  would  simplify  matters  if  ^Ir.  Davis  and  Mr.  Field 
would  agree  with  me  that  it  is  practically  impossible  to 
have  a  fracture  on  the  armouring  of  a  three-core  double- 
armoured  cable,  protected  against  corrosion.  "  Continuity  " 
does  so  in  his  last  letter. 

I  have  seen  the  cables  crushed  flat  many  times,  and  the 
copper  conductors  almost  severed,  but  never  yet  have  I  seen 
the  conductivity  of  the  armouring  seriously  impaired. 
Would  Mr.  Davis  note  that  the  Home  Office  do  not  consider 


Vol.  ri.     No.  1,H|  I,  Makcii  7,  l!»i:i. 


TFTR    FJ.KCTP.ICAfi    RI'.VIIIW. 


any  otlitT  rcf^iilaLions  liiiL  Llieir  own.      I  know,  however,  tliut 
B.  of  T.  rci^'iilation  .")  (/>)  is  blio  nile  aitncd  ut. 

I'erlmpH  "  Continuity  "  lias  {,'ofc  into  two  scparati!  j^coloj^Mcal 
"  pockets "  with  liis  eaitli-platcs.  As  an  experiment,  he 
shonld  try  the  elTect  of  pourin}^  u  few  pailfuls  of  dihite 
sulphate  of  copper  (a  fiood  handful  to  n  pail  of  water)  alonj^ 
the  <,'roniid  between  his  plates,  and  test  after  a  few  days.  I 
ask  him  not  to  use  soda  or  other  alkaline  matter. 

AlthouLrh  I  stated  in  my  last  letter  that  the  Ihtme  Office 
set  a  definite  value,  theoretically,  on  ihe  armouring,'  and 
earth  conductors,  I  still  maintain  that  Rule  II  calls  for  no 
measurement.  If  the  "electrician,"  as  defined  by  Hnle  II, 
makes  a  test  to  prove  otiiciency  under  Rules  «  and  1 2,  he 
proves  coidinuiiii  under  Rule  II. 

John  r.  C.  Kivlcn. 

Uddingston  West,  Mmrh   l.s/,   191:'.. 


Earthing  Ihe  Neutral. 

In  reply  to  iMr.  Kenelm  Edgcumbe's  letter  of  February 
nth,  I  would  point  out  that  there  is  not  any  limiting 
resistance  in  tlie  earthed  neutral  other  than  the  transformer 
itself.  Below  is  a  series  of  readings  taken,  which  show  the 
conditions  under  which  the  transformer  works  when  a  fault 
occurs. 
Tkans.  3—2  K.V.A.,  Ratio  200  to  2,000,  Delta  Connected  on 

H.T.  Side  and  Star  on  l.t.  Side,  as  shown  in  Sketch. 


Current  readings. 


85-0  17  5  17-5     n-5  600 
17  5  860  180    18  0  520 


Pressure  readings.  Tiemarlis. 
i&s  2&S  sis   i&iQ&a  s&i 

20-5    20-5      20-5      S6  25  36-75  36-26  Open  circuit. 

■45  25-0      20  5      25-50  30-50  21-50  Fault  on  Ph.  1. 

21-0        -385  26-5      21-25  25-60  35-50  „      ,.    Ph.  2 


17-0  17-6  35-75  175  50-5      260    21-5  -375  36-26  22-CO  25  0 


Ph.  3 


You  will  notice  from  the  above  test  that  the  currents  in 
the  two  healthy  phases  are  always  one-third  of  the  fault 
current,  and  the  current  in  the  faulty  phase  two-thirds. 

S.  E.  Fedden,  Manager. 

Electric  Supply  Department, 

Sheffield,  Feiriutry  2GtJi,  11)13. 


The  Electro-Harmonic  Society. 

As  a  visitor  at  the  Electro-Harmonic  Ladies'  E\ening  at 
the  Holborn  Restaurant  on  Tuesday  last.  I  was  very  much 
swprised  that  smoking  was  prohibited,  although  smoking 
lamps,  matches  and  ash  trays  were  placed  on  the  tables. 
Surely  the  ladies  would  not  object  to  smoking,  at  any  rate, 
after  the  interval.  I  understand  that  several  gentlemen 
petitioned  the  Chairman  to  be  allowed  to  pai'take  of  the 
fragrant  weed. 

Perhaps  this  letter  may  recommend  itself  to  the  attention 
of  the  Committee  of  the  P^lectro-Harmonic  Society. 

Gerald  S,  Fletcher. 

February  iltli,  1913. 

[We  think'this  letter  ( whicli,  by  the  way,  seems  in  very 
bad  taste  from  a  visitor)  should  have  been  addressed  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Electro-Harmonic  Society.  In  any  case  we 
do  not  suppose  it  will  have  any  effect  with  the  Committee, 
for  we  have  no  recollection  of  a  iiwnthi'r  of  the  Society  ever 
expressing  surprfse  that  smoking  is  p'ohibited  on  Ladies' 
Nights — which,  by  the  way,  are  not  "Bohemian"  concerts 
— during  the  25  years  or  so  of  the  Society's  existence.  The 
Chairman,  we  may  add,  had  to  call  the  attention  of  several 
gentlemen  to  the  fact  that  it  was  a  "  readies'  Night."' — 
Ens.  Ei.EC.  Rev.] 

Cost  of  Running  Small  Generating:  Station. 

In  further  answer  to  your  correspondent,  Mr.  (iray,  I  give 
below  the  average  cost  per  unit  over  the  last  10  weeks  of  a 
small  200-KW.  power  station  driven  with  suction  gas  plant. 
The  plant  consists  of  a  Kynoch  tandem  gas  engine  with  a 
suction  gas  plant  by  the  same  maker,  coupled  to  an  E.C.C. 


generator  of  modern  type.  The  uuxiliarien  wiiif;h  tak"^ 
current  fnin  the  mainH  before  naching  the  motor  arc  one 
direct-coupled  air  coinprcHeor  ami  one  direct-coupitd  drcn- 
lating  pump  : — 

AvKiiAOE  VVobkim;  Cohth  oveh  10  Wkeks. 

Coal  '18711.  per  unit. 

Oil,  wwite.  .tc.       ...      01 3d.       „ 

Wairi-H         •Il2fi. 

KcpiiirH       034(1.       „ 


Total       ...     -3 1  fid.        , 

These  liguns  do  not  include  stand-by  losses,  which  usually 
amount  to  an  additional  10  {ler  cent,  on  the  total.  The 
load  factor  is  approximately  (10  per  cent.,  which  is,  of  course, 
very  favourai)le. 

During  the  year  .some  extra  item  of  expenditure  may  Ije 
anticipated,  which  may  possibly  double  the  item  of  repairs. 

If  your  correspondent  is  interested,  I  shall  be  pleased  to 
show  him  this  plant,  and  give  any  information  that  will  be 
of  use  to  him.  I  may  mention  the  coal  costs  288.  per  ton 
delivered  to  the  bunkers. 

H.  Robinson. 

Perry  Barr,  Fihruary  2()lli,  1913. 


Morse  Signalling:  on  Submarine  Cables. 

With  reference  to  your  notice  in  the  Ei,i-;(  trical  Rk\iew' 
of  the  2Sth  ult.,  respecting  ]Mr.  Edward  Raymond-Barker's 
article  on  the  .Moise  sounder  in  "  Submarine  Telegraphy." 
and  in  view  that  the  following  facts  may  be  interesting  to 
your  readers.  I  beg  to  inform  J^ou  that  the  method  of 
operating  ^lorse  characters  over  a  submarine  cable  by  inverse 
or  alternating  i-urrents  is  not,  by  any  means,  new. 

In  1907  1  was  granted  a  British  patent  (Xo.  l(;,4t;2)  for 
an  invention  which  embodied  the  principle  of  telegraphing 
over  submarine  cables  in  type  or  reman  characters,  by  means 
of  consecutive  alternating  impulses. 

Whilst  constructing  this  typing  system,  it  was  apparent 
to  me  that  the  principle  could  also  be  applied  to  the 
transmitting  of  Murtte  characters  in  the  sense  implied  by  the 
description  of  ilr.  Gott's  discovery.  An  instrument  was, 
accordingly,  constructed  with  this  object. 

The  slip  here  enclosed  shows,  beyond  doubt,  the  fact  that 

I  had  at  that  particular  date  practically  established  the 
principle,  and  obtained  Morse  characters  by  consecutive 
alternating-current  impulses  (as  per  ^fr.  Raymond-Barker's 
description)  for  use  over  submarine  cables. 

I  have  submitted  these  facts  for  your  information,  with  a 
view  to  showing  once  more  that  it  is  possible  for  two  men, 
entire  strangers,  to  be  working  on  an  invention  for  many 
years,  with  precisely  the  same  object  in  view. 

P.  O'XeU,  Electrician, 
London,  E.C.,  Marrh  \th,  1913. 


LEGAL. 


London  Electric  Sipply  Corpobation,  Ltd.,  r.  Westminster 
Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd. 

This  appeal  case  -was  last  week  before  ilie  Lord  Chancellor  and 
Lord  Atkinson,  Lord  Shaw  and  Lord  Jliulton,  in  the  Uouse  of 
Lords.  The  two  companies  obtained  statutory  powers  to  supply 
electric  energy  within  certain  parts  of  the  City  of  Westminster. 
The  current  supplied  by  the  London  company  was  alternating,  and 
that  of  the  Westminster  continuous  current.  In  May.  I'.HO,  the  two 
companies  entered  into  an  agreement  which,  in  substance,  was 
this  :  That  the  Westminster  was  to  work  both  undertakings,  payinir 
the  London  a  yearly  sum  of  about  £22.i)00  The  dispute  arose  in  this 
way:  The  London  said  that  thepositi'ii  of  the  Westminster  was  that 
of  an  agent  or  manager:  that  the  gem  nil  priuciple  that  an  agent 
must  do  nothing  to  destroy  or  dimini>L  liio  principal's  business 
applied,  and  that  they  were  bound  to  supply  any  customer  asking 
for  an  alternating  current  with  energy  from  their  (the  London's 
main),  and  could  not  push  their  continuous  current  upon  him 
instead,  nor  could  they  go  to  a  customer,  or  a  prospective  customer, 
and  advise  him  to  take  the  continuous,  instead  of  the  alternating 
current,  which  he  was  then  taking,  or  thinking  of  taking.  Mr. 
Justice  Joyce  refused   to  grant  the  London,  the  plaintiffs  in  the 


378 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  72.   No.  1,841,  mabch  7,  i9i:t. 


action,  an  injunction  ag-ainst  the  Westminster  to  restrain  the 
(defendants  from,  as  it  was  alleped,  actinp:  ultra  rirrs  to  the  ajrree- 
ment.  The  Court  of  Appeal  upheld  the  decision  of  the  learned 
Judere.  The  London  Corporation  then  carried  the  matter  to  their 
Lordship's  Har. 

Mr.  Danckwerts,  K.C.,  Mr.  Buokmaster,  K C,  and  Mr.  J.  Austen 
Cartmell,  appeared  for  the  appellants  ;  and  Sir  Robert  Finlay.  K.C., 
Mr.  Younger,  K.C..  and  Mr.  W.  S.  Kennedy,  represented  the 
respondents. 

Mb.  D.\xckwekts,  K.C,  in  opening  the  appeal,  submitted  that 
upon  the  true  construction  of  the  agreement  of  May  tth,  1!U0,  the 
Westminster  company  having  assumed  the  management  and  work- 
ing of  the  London  company's  undertaking  within  the  Westminster 
area,  came  under  an  obligation  to  the  latter  to  preserve  and  main- 
tain that  undertaking,  and  that  there  was  a  warranty  to  be  im- 
plied from  the  relation  of  the  parties  that  the  Westminster  com- 
pany would  do  nothing  to  destroy,  diminish,  or  injure  that  under- 
taking. They  could  not,  therefore,  refuse  to  supply  a  customer, 
whether  new  or  old,  with  electric  energy  from  the  London 
company's  supply,  nor  could  they  solicit  customers  who  desired  an 
alternating  current  to  take  instead  a  cotitinuous  current. 

LoBD  Atkinson  :  Your  case  shortly  is  that  the  Westminster 
company  are  your  agents  to  work  your  undertaking,  and  that  they 
have  failed  to  perform  the  statutory  obligation  under  which  you 
are  liable  to  supply  the  public  generally  with  an  alternating 
current. 

Mb.  Daxckwebts  :  Y'es,  I  say  that  occupying  as  they  do  a 
position  as  our  agents  they  are  bound  by  the  established  principle 
of  law  that  an  agent  may  do  nothing  which  is  against  the  interest 
of  his  principal.  The  learned  counsel  then  went  on  to  say  that  the 
course  of  management  adopted  by  the  Westminster  must  be  pre- 
judicial to  the  interest  of  the  London  company. 

Mb.  Buckmastek,  K.C..  followed  on  the  same  side.  He  said  that 
the  construction  which  the  London  company  put  upon  the  agree- 
ment was  in  accordance  with  the  powers  given  by  the  Electric 
Lighting  Act  of  l!t08,  and  Sec.  20  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act  of 
1909  :  whereas  the  construction  put  upon  it  by  the  Westminster 
company  made  it  an  agreement  which  was  ultra  the  statutory 
powers  of  the  parties  to  enter  into.  The  respondents  said,  "  whether 
it  is  ultra  rires  or  not,  you  cannot  set  up  that  it  is,  even  on  our 
construction  of  it,  because  you  have  chosen  to  sue  us  upon  the  con- 
tract.'' That  was  the  ■fiew  which,  erroneously  as  he  respectfully 
submitted,  was  taken  by  the  Courts  below.  But  the  answer  to  that 
was  this  : — ''  It  is  not  ultra  rirf.-s  when  properly  construed,  as  we 
construe  it,  and  so  construed  the  Westminster  company  have  com- 
mitted breaches,  which  entitled  the  London  company  to  an  in- 
junction and  the  declaration  as  asked. " 

Sib  Rohebt  Finlay,  K.C.  for  the  respondents,  submitted  that 
the  decision  of  the  Courts  below  was  right.  The  only  obligation 
which  the  agreement  put  upon  the  Westminster  company  was  that 
of  paying  the  various  sums  mentioned  in  the  agreement  as  they 
became  due,  and  this  the  respondents  had  faithfully  done. 

Lord  Movlton  pointed  out  that  at  some  date  the  City  of 
Westminster  Corporation  could  acquire  the  undertaking  at  a 
valuation  of  both  companies.  The  quantum  of  business  which 
the  London  company  was  then  doing  would  be  important  in 
estimating  the  sum  to  be  given  for  that  undertaking. 

Sib  Roi'.F.UT  replied  that  the  agreement  provided  for  all  that,  but 
the  important  question  was  what  was  the  relation  created  by  the 
agreement  .'  He  submitted  that  the  respondents  were  not  managers 
of  the  appellants'  business  in  the  sense  that  there  was  any  fiduciary 
relation  between  the  two.  On  the  true  construction  of  the  agree- 
ment, the  appellants  had  wholly  failed  to  establish  that  the  West- 
minster company  had  committed,  or  threatened,  cr  intended  to 
commit  any  breach  of  any  obligation  imposed  upon  them. 

LOKD  Atkinson  :  In  short,  do  you  say  that  Mr.  .lustice  Joyce 
was  right  when,  in  his  judgment,  he  said  the  effect  of  the  agreement 
was  to  enable  the  Westminster  coni))any  to  say  "  We  are  in  a  position 
to  supply  you  with  either  alternating  current  or  continuous  current, 
but  we  have,  under  the  Act  of  Parliament  and  the  rules  and  regu- 
lations of  the  Board  of  Trade,  a  right  to  say  which  of  the  two  we 
will  supply ''  .' 

Si  B  ROBEBT  replied  that  that  was  the  construction  which  he  asked 
their  Lordships  also  to  hold  was  the  true  one.  Later  in  his  argu- 
ment, the  learned  counsel  said  that  the  object  of  the  Westminster 
company  in  entering  into  the  agreement  was  to  promote  competi- 
tion, which  would  be  killed  if  an  injunction  such  as  that  sought  by 
the  London  company,  was  sanctioned. 

Loud  Atkinson  asked  whether  starving  or  strangling  the 
London  company  to  death  would  promote  competition.  In  such 
an  event  there  would  be  one  company  only,  and  it  could  not  be  said 
that  there  was  competition  then.  As  it  was,  customers  had  a 
choice,  but  if  there  was  only  one  company  which  offered  a  supply, 
that  choice  would  cease  to  exist. 

The  LoBD  Chancellob  remarked  that  it  was  only  natural  that 
a  company  would  say  that  the  article  they  supplied  was  the  best. 

Lord  Moulton  thought  that  if  Sir  Robert's  contention  was 
upheld,  the  Westminster  company  could  diminish  the  business  of 
the  London  company  by  coaxing  their  customers  away. 

Loud  Sii.vw  observed  that  if  they  were  freeto  do  that  it  would 
enable  the  Westminster  to  reduce  the  receipts  of  the  London  to  an 
enormous  extent.  It  was  a  question  of  most  vital  financial  import- 
ance, and  one  which  was  also  of  vital  importance  in  keeping  up  the 
standard  of  electrical  energy. 

Mb.  Younoek,  K.C,  followed  on  the  same  side.  He  referred 
to  the  correspondence  between  the  companies  and  the  Board  of 
Trade.  He  pointed  out  that  it  would  be  against  the  interest  of  the 
consumer  that  there  should  be  a  double  set  of  mains  worked  by 
agrreement  'nler  parties  by  the  same  company  within  the  same 
area.     It  would  be  also  to  the  advantage  of  the  ratepayer,  when  the  '' 


time  came  for  the  City  of  Westminster  to  awiuire  the  undertakings, 
to  have  them  merged  in  one  complete  system. 

LoBD  Moclton  :  That,  I  suppose,  is  how  you  attempt  to  justify 
this  policy  which  must  end  in  practically  wiping  out  the  London 
company. 

Mb.  Y'oungeb  did  not  agree.  It  was  admitted  that  £100,000 
was  the  very  utmost  value  of  the  London  company's  undertaking. 
It  was  their  capital.  Whenever  the  City  acquired  the  undertakings 
they  were  to  have  all  their  capital  paid  them  back.  If  the  City 
gave  less  than  £100,000  for  the  London  company's  undertaking 
the  Westminster  were  to  make  up  the  balance.  Meanwhile,  not  a 
penny  piece  would  the  London  company  be  called  upon  tc  find,  no 
matter  what  expense  the  Westminster  had  to  meet,  and  no  matter 
how  much  the  demand  for  alternating  current  might  increase  and 
new  distributing  stations  be  j-equired  to  meet  the  demand. 

LoBD  Moulton  pointed  out  that  the  Westminster  had  no  statu- 
tory power  to  supply  alternating  current.  If  lamps  of  lower  volt- 
age came  into  general  use,  alternating  current  might  become  almost 
universal.  The  agreement,  intrr  parties,  by  which  the  Westminster 
were  able  to  supply  the  alternating  current,  was,  therefore,  one 
which  might  be  very  valuable  to  them. 

Mb.  YoiiNGER  replied  that  while  that  was  so,  the  London  had 
got  a  very  good  bargain.  At  the  time  that  the  contract  was  made, 
they  had  only  7.50  consumers  on  the  books. 

The  LoBD  Chancilloe  :  If  that  statement  is  true,  it  suggests 
that  the  Westminster  expected  that  the  alternating  current  would 
come  into  favour,  and  that  it  would  be  to  their  advantage  to 
enter  into  some  arrangement  by  which  they  could  supply  it. 

In  conclusion,  Mu.  Yuinger  said  an  injunction  in  the  form  asked 
for  was  one  that  the  Court  of  Chancery  could  never  sanction.  The 
injunction  was  not  to  restrain  the  Westminster  from  doing  a  par- 
ticular specific  thing,  but  to  do  nothing  which  might  be  calculated 
to  destroy,  diminish,  or  impair  the  undertaking.  Such  an  injunc- 
tion would  lead  to  endless  litigation,  and  at  any  time  the  West- 
minster might  be  called  upon  to  answer  a  motion  for  contempt. 

Mb.  Buckmasteb,  K.C,  in  reply,  said  that  an  injunction  could  be 
granted  in  view  of  the  circumstances  which  led  to  this  case.  Two 
customers,  at  any  rate,  both  living  close  to  a  distributing  main 
belonging  to  the  London  company,  had  been  refused  an  alternating 
supply  by  the  Westminster,  acting  on  behalf  of  the  London  com- 
pany. The  Westminster  said  they  were  under  no  obligation  to 
supply  alternating  current  to  anyone  who  was  not  a  consumer,  and 
that  if  they  did  supply,  the  customer  would  have  to  take  the  supply 
from  the  point  where  it  suited  them  best  to  connect  his  house  to. 
An  electric  supply  company  had  to  keep  a  map  showing  their 
mains,  and,  naturally,  a  consumer  would  want  to  be  con- 
nected to  one  near  his  house,  because  only  60  ft.  of 
connecting  wire  was  supplied  free.  If  the  obligation  upon  the 
London  to  supply  was  discharged  by  supplying,  not  from  the 
nearest  point,  but  from  any  point  on  their  system,  a  would-be  con- 
sumer might  have  an  indefinite  length  of  wire  to  pay  for,  although 
he  was  entitled  to  see  the  map  for  a  fee  of  Is.,  and  on  that  map 
there  was  a  main  clo'e  to  his  house,  and  presumably  he  had  a 
statutory  right  to  be  supplied  from  that  main. 

The  learned  counsel  referred  to  the  powers  which  a  company  was 
■iiven  by  the  Acts  of  1908  and  1909  of  entering  into  an  agreement 
for  another  company  to  take  and  supply  energy  from  the  producing 
company.  The  Act  of  1908  was  a  local  Act.  The  Act  of  1909  was 
a  public  statute. 

In  conclusion,  he  pressed  their  Lordships  to  allow  the  appeal. 

The  LoBD  Chancellor  said  the  matter  was  one  of  importance, 
and  they  ^ould  take  time  for  consideration. 


Abebdeen  City  Electrical  Engineer's  Slander  Action. 

iCantinved  from  page  370.) 

LoBD  HuNTEB,  in  his  judgment,  has  allowed  issues  for  the  trial  of 
the  action  by  jury. 

In  the  course  of  his  judgment,  his  Lobdship  states  that  it  was 
averred  that  the  letter  was  slanderous  in  respect,  first,  that  it  con- 
tained a  false  charge  of  professional  incompetence  against  the 
pursuer ;  and  second,  that  it  falsely  alleged  that  the  pursuer,  as 
city  engineer,  recklessly  and  without  justification  imputed  dis- 
honesty to  the  Aberdeen  contractors.  If  the  statements  of,  and 
concerning,  the  pursuer  amounted  to  either  of  such  charges,  they 
would  be  slanderous,  as  to  impute  slander  was  itself  a  slander. 
For  the  defender,  Lord  Hunter  continued,  it  was  maintained  that 
.the  letter  narrated  certain  facts,  and  then  contained  an  expression 
of  opinion  with  reference  thereto.  It  had,  no  doubt,  been  decided 
in  the  case  of  a  newspaper  commenting  upon  the  actings  of  a  public 
man  that,  as  put  by  Lord  McLaren  in  the  case  of  Archer  r.  Ritchie 
and  Co.,  1891  :  "The  expression  of  an  opinion  as  to  a  state  of  facts 
truly  set  forth  was  not  actionable,  even  wheh  that  opinion  was 
couched  in  vituperative  or  contumelious  language."  His  Lordship, 
however,  did  not  think  that  that  doctrine  protected  a  communi- 
cation written  to  the  employer  of  a  public  official  alleging  that 
action  taken  by  him  had  arisen,  not  from  error  of  judgment,  but 
from  incompetence  or  recklessness.  Besides,  the  pursuer  did  not 
admit  the  accuracy  of  the  facts  alleged  by  the  defender  in  the 
letter  complained  of.  His  Lordship  did  not,  of  course, 
determine  that  the  statements  in  the  letter  were  slanderous.  They 
appeared  to  him  to  be  capable  of  bearing  a  slanderous  meaning,  and 
it  was  for  the  jury,  therefore,  to  say  whether  they  were  used  in  an 
innocent  or  slanderous  sense.  The  defender  maintained  that,  in 
any  event,  he  was  privileged,  as  he  was  writing  on  behalf  of  the 
Association.  No  action  lay  against  that  body  for  slander  in  virtue 
of  the  provieion  of  the  Trades  Disputes  Act,  but  it  had  been  decided 
that  an  otiicial  of  a  Trade  Union  might  be  sued.     His  Lordship  did 


voi.7a.  No.i,H4i,  MAH0H7,  litis.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


379 


not  think  tlml  iin  ollioiiil  ho  Hucd  enjoyed  any  (rreiitcr  privile({u  tl'"" 
the  Association  would  have  done.  In  thu  present  caHO,  tho  con- 
traotoM,  whoflci  work  was  criticised  by  tho  purHuer,  would  havo  been 
priviioifod  ;  but,  ho  far  an  the  averments  in  tho  prcHcnt  casu  with 
reforrnoc  to  tho  AnKooiation  were  concerned,  he  did  not  think  he 
could  hold,  at  all  evontB,  at  thiw  Htaire,  that  they  were  privilcired. 
If  at  the  inquiry  it  appeared  that  tho  Aa-<ooialion  were  entitled  to 
privilejro,  the  jury  niitrht  be  directed  that  the  purHuer  wao  not 
entitled  to  Huccced  unlesH  malic(!  on  the  part  of  tho  defender  wen; 
proved.  Hia  Lordnhip  Bhould  alHO  notice  the  averment  made  by  the 
purMuer  to  the  ell'oct  that  the  defender,  in  makintr  the  atatomentH 
which  he  did,  exceeded  tho  instructions  he  received  from  the  Asso- 
ciation, if  that  were  established,  ho  would,  or  niififht,  lose  the 
benefit  of  the  plea  of  privilctre  to  which,  otherwise,  he  might  have 
been  entitled. 

Counsel  for  the  pursuer,  Mr.  Cooper,  K.C.,  and  Mr.  Lippe. 
Agents,  Scott  .fc  Glover,  W.S.  Counsel  for  the  defender,  Mr. 
Murray,  K.C.,  and  Mr.  Wilton.     A(?ente,  Davidson  &  Syme,  W.S. 


Tkamcar  Obstruction. 


At  the  Bradford  West  Ridinpr  Court,  on  Thursday,  a  teamster,  named 
Qeorpre  Rhodes,  of  Keighley,  was  summoned  for  obstructing:  a  tram- 
car  belonjfingr  to  the  Bradford  Corporation.  Mr.  J.  G.  Gunter 
prosecuted,  and  in  the  evidence  it  was  stated  that  the  defendant 
had  obstructed  the  cur  for  a  distance  of  some  700  yd.,  totally  dis- 
regrardiuB:  the  persistent  rinpinjj  of  the  bell  on  the  car  by  the  driver, 
and  the  driver  had  had  to  leave  the  car  and  lead  the  horse  from  the 
tramlines  before  the  car  could  pass.  The  defendant  was  fined  20s. 
and  costs. 


Glasgow  Cae  Mishaps. 


In  the  Court  of  Session  a  settlement  was  intimated  to  Lord  Dewar 
in  the  action  by  a  Govan  riveter,  against  the  Glasgow  Corporation 
for  £1,000  damages  for  injuries  sustained  through  being  knocked 
down  by  a  Corporation  tramway  car.  Pursuer  agreed  to  accept  £7  J 
and  expenses. 

After  hearing  evidence  in  an  action  by  a  woman  whose  husband 
had  been  fatally  injured  by  a  Glasgow  Corporation  car,  a  jury  in 
the  Court  of  Sessions  awarded  the  widow  £250,  £50  to  her  pupil 
son,  and  £5  to  each  of  her  four  other  children.  The  Corporation 
denied  fault,  contending  that  the  accident  was  entirely  brought 
about,  or  materially  contributed  to,  by  deceased's  own  carelessness 
or  recklessness  in  suddenly  and  unexpectedly  stepping  back  on  to 
the  tramway  track  after  clearing  it. 


OsRAM  Lamp  Works,  Ltd.,  r.  Schloss  &  Co. 

On  Friday,  February  28th,  Mr.  Justice  Swinfen  Eady  had  again 
before  him  in  the  Chancery  Division  the  motion  in  this  case.  This 
was  a  motion  by  the  plaintiffs,  who  asked  for  an  injunction  to 
restrain  an  infringement  of  their  lamps.  It  was  stated  on  behalf 
of  the  defendants  that  the  plaintiffs  desired  to  answer  their 
evidence,  which  had  just  been  received  by  plaintiffs,  and  subject  to 
his  Lordship's  sanction,  it  had  been  arranged  that  the  motion 
should  stand  over  for  a  week.    This  his  Lordship  agreed  to. 


County  of  London  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  c  J.  Salomon 
AXD  Co. 

In  the  King's  Bench  Division,  on  Tuesday,  March  Ith,  before  Mr. 
Justice  Bankes  and  a  common  jury,  an  action  was  brought  by 
plaintiff's  against  defendants,  leather  dealers,  Rothesay  Street, 
Weston  Street,  Bermondsey,  to  recover  £1,880  for  electricity  sup- 
plied to  the  factory  of  the  defendants  at  Mina  Road,  Old  Kent  Road, 
S.E.,  over  a  period  ranging  from  June,  1908,  to  November,  1911, 
the  claim  being  baped  upon  a  contention  that  through  the  misread- 
ing of  the  dial  of  the  registering  meter,  the  defendants  had  only  been 
charged  about  one-tenth  of  the  proper  amount,  viz.,  for  33,428  Board 
of  Trade  units  instead  of  334,272  at  lid.  per  unit. 

The  defendants  pleaded  various  defences.  They  said  they  had 
paid  for  the  electricity  consumed,  alternatively  they  said  it  was 
plaintiffs'  duty  to  supply  and  maintain  a  suitable  meter,  and  that 
any  loss  that  had  occurred  through  mistaken  reading  must  be 
borne  by  the  plaintiffs  ;  they  also  pleaded  breach  of  statutory  obliga- 
tions by  the  plaintiffs,  and  entered  a  counterclaim  against  the 
plaintiffs,  saying  that  they  had  carried  on  their  factory  upon  a 
certain  understanding  as  to  the  cost  of  electric  power — as  repre- 
sented by  the  accounts  presented  by  the  plaintiffs  and  duly  paid 
by  the  defendants— that  they  had  based  their  estimates  of  cost  of 
produdtion  on  the  prices  charged  by  the  plaintiffs  for  light,  and 
that  they  would  never  have  carried  on  their  works  if  the  charge 
had  been  on  the  scale  now  sued  for  by  the  plaintiffs. 

For  the  plaintiffs,  Mr.  T.  R.  Atkin,  K.C.,  Mr.  Colefax,  K.C..  and 
Mr.  Slumper  appeared,  and  defendants  were  represented  by  Mr. 
Duke,  K.C.,  and  Mr.  Spokes. 

Mr.  Atkin,  K.C,  said  that  the  defendant  company,  it  appeared, 

employed  a  certain  amount  of  machinery  in  connection  with  their 

■  business  for  extracting  water  from  hides,  &c.,  and  they  took  over 

some  works  at  Mina  Road  that  had  been  supplied  with   electric 


power,  and  tho  defendants  had  uiicd  the  power  iiinco  1908.  The 
defendants  made  a  contract  with  the  plaintiff  compony  whereby  they 
were  to  have  the  powor  at  1  id.  per  IJoard  of  Tra»lo  unit,  tho  current  to 
be  registered  in  the  ordinary  way  by  the  i  Ivctric  meter.  The  meter 
now  concerned  was  in  re«ulnr  une,  and  no  complaint  ha/J  Ijcen  rn»d«' 
of  its  working.  In  this  cuso  tholaiit  unit  in  the  tot«!  nhown  on  th«- 
dial  hud  l)eeii  erroneounly  read  an  a  decimal,  and  the  ri-wult  wa* 
that  for  .'ti  years  tho  dcfendanta  ha/l  l^ecn  char(.'i-d  juht  about  one- 
tenth  ol  th(?  proper  cliurge  for  the  current  actually  i-jmHumcd.  Thi- 
miHtake  was  undoubtedly  a  very  unfortunate  one,  and  it  brought 
about  the  result  that  this  leather  fa<:tory  had  hod  itn  pf>wor  for 
one-tenth  of  the  correct  charge  as  shown  by  the  meter,  the  accoant* 
submitted  to  the  defendants  being  based  entirely  on  the  mln- 
reading  referred  to.  The  plaintiffs  now  came  to  Court  and 
submitted  that  defendants  should  be  called  upon  to  pay  for  the 
power  supplied  to  them.  The  mistake  was  discovered  in 
191 1,  and  the  defendants  were  informed,  but  they  declined 
to  pay  and  the  proceedings  vrere  begun.  The  defendantd 
had  put  in  a  number  of  different  defences.  They  said  there  was  a 
clause  in  the  contract  which  barred  going  back  more  than  one 
quarter,  but  this  clause  actually  applied  in  the  case  of  an  incorrect 
meter.  Here  the  plaintiffs  contended  the  meter  wa.s  accurate— it 
had  only  been  misread.  The  defendants  had  also  pleaded  that  the 
current  they  had  had  was  the  current  they  had  actually  been 
charged  for,  and  they  had  acted  on  that  basis  in  estimating  their 
cost  of  production  and  the  cost  of  carrying  on  their  works,  and 
they  said  that  for  three  and  a  half  years  the  works  had  been  carried 
on  at  a  loss,  and  if  they  had  known  they  were  using  the  amount 
for  current  now  contended  by  the  plaintiffs,  they  would  have  closed 
their  works  down,  and  therefore  the  plaintiffs  ought  to  pay  the 
defendants  money  in  respect  to  the  loss  incurred  in  carrying  on 
their  works.  Apparently  (said  Mr.  Atkin.  K.C.)  the  attitude  of  the 
defendants  was  like  this  :  "  It  your  grocer  makes  a  mistake  in  his 
bill,  and  he  charges  you  only  half  as  much  as  he  ought  to,  you  can 
say  to  him,  '  I  will  not  pay  your  bill,  because  if  I  had  known  what 
the  real  bill  was  I  should  not  have  eaten  bo  much  jam  and 
drank  so  much  tea.  Therefore,  I  will  not  pay  for  the  goods 
that  have  been  supplied  to  me.'  "  It  was  also  pleaded  by  the 
defendants  that  the  plaintiffs,  in  breach  of  their  statutory  powers, 
had  supplied  the  current  from  Camberwell  instead  of  from  South- 
wark  ;  but  the  plaintiffs  would  say  that  it  was  supplied  to  the 
defendants  through  Southwark,  and  that  this  defence  could  not  be 
supported. 

Counsel  went  on  to  detail  the  history  of  the  electrical  installation 
at  the  defendants"  factory.  The  original  company  under  the  con- 
tract was  a  company  carrying  on  business  in  the  same  premises, 
called  the  Mina  Chemical  and  Dye  Works,  Ltd.,  and  the  contract 
was  dated  1906.  There  was  a  "i-n.v.  engine,  and  later  a  25-h.p. 
motor.  The  price  was  lid.  per  Board  of  Trade  unit.  It  was  found 
that  defendants  had  had  334.272  units,  and  they  had  been  charged 
for  33,428,  so  that  300,844  units  had  not  been  paid  for  at  all. 
Roughly  speaking,  the  charge  for  power  was  £600  a  year,  but  the 
defendants  had  only  been  charged,  in  fact,  £60  a  year.  In  the 
autumn  of  1911  a  meter  reader  went  to  take  his  quarterly  reading, 
and  read  the  meter  correctly.  He  had  noticed  what  the  figure  for 
the  previous  quarter  had  been,  and  he  could  not  understand  how  it 
could  be  that  the  consumption  had  jumped  up  ten  times.  He  put 
the  readinu  down,  treating  the  last  figure  as  a  decimal,  but  he 
reported  at  headquarters  the  doubt  he  felt  about  the  matter,  and 
on  November  7  th  two  inspectors  visited  the  factory  and  discovered 
the  error  that  had  been  made.  Certain  correspondence  ensued, 
the  plaintiffs  presented  their  account,  and  ultimately  defendants 
wrote  to  say  that  they  could  not  accept  liability  for  irregularities 
in  the  meter  ;  they  had  had  the  current  since  July,  1908,  and  the 
meter  had  been  regularly  inspected  by  the  plaintiffs'  rei)re- 
sentatives 

Mr.  Atkin  added  that  as  'a  fact  it  had  been  found  that  the 
meter  showed  a  slight  tendency  to  under-register  intermittently,  so 
that  this  was  an  advantage  to  the  defendants.  Counsel  also  said 
that  the  defendant  company  had  entered  into  a  new  contract  to 
have  the  power  at  Id.  per  unit.  Although  the  defendant  company 
had  in  their  pleadings  said  they  would  have  closed  their  works, 
they  had  not,  in  fact,  closed  them,  and  counsel  said  he  would 
submit  that  a  hona  fide  mistake  had  been  made,  and  the  plaintiffs 
were  entitled  to  recover.  He  would  submit  that  the  defendants 
could  not  support  their  defence  of  an  estoppel.  Counsel  subsequently 
called  evidence  in  support  of  his  case. 

Mr.  Charles  Sfarks,  M.Inst.C.E.,  M.I.E.E ,  said  he  was 
engineer-in-chief  to  the  plaintiff  company,  and  was  responsible  for 
the  generating  stations,  the  system  of  distribution,  the  supply  and 
the  meters.  Witness  spoke  to  the  history  of  the  electric  installa- 
tion at  the  works,  and  said  that  the  meter  now  in  question  was  of 
the  type  known  as  the  "  K.  G.,'"  and  it  was  supplied  by  an  electrical 
company.  This  type  was  approved  by  the  Board  of  Trade  in  1910, 
and  it  was  supplied  in  1906  to  the  defendants,  it  having  not  been 
approved  at  this  date.  He  regarded  this  meter  as  the  same  in 
principle  as  the  one  approved  in  1910.  It  was  a  sealed  meter,  and 
he  could  not  see  inside  it  to  see  if  it  was  exactly  the  same  in  the 
details  of  construction  as  the  K.G .  approved  type,  but  he  believed 
it  to  be  the  same  in  principle.  They  had  used  the  K.G.  type  for 
seven  to  eight  years,  and  they  used  hundreds  of  them. 

What's  your  opinion  as  to  the  suitability  of  the  meter  for 
registering  current  used  at  the  defendants'  works  .' — In  every  way 
it  is  a  most  suitable  meter.  Witness  further  testifieii  that  the 
figure  that  had  been  read  as  a  decimal  was,  in  fact,  a  unit,  and 
should  have  been  charged  as  such,  and  that  the  current  was  sup- 
plied through  the  Southwark  district.  Witnes?  handed  in  a  table, 
which  he  said  was  to  show  that  the  power  that  had  been  actually 
charged  for  could  not  be  sufficient  for  the  requirements  of  the 
defendants'  machinery, 


380 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  "2.     No.  1,841,  Mauch  7,  1913. 


5Ir.  DcKE.  K.C,  in  cross-esamination,  euf^^rested  to  the  witness 
that  the  Board  of  Trade  had  never  approTed  of  a  rceter  that  carried 
on  its  face  the  marks  that  had  caused  the  alleg'ed  misreadinp  by  the 
plaintiff  company's  servants. — Witness  said  they  had  many  of  the 
K.G.  type  that  bore  the  decimal  mark,  but  it  was  possibly  true  that 
never  had  one  been  approved  that  had  a  dial  just  like  this  one. 

The  K.G.  type  has  only  been  approved  for  a  capacity  not  exceed- 
ing 10  amperes.'  I  do  not  know  that.  Witness  added  that  the 
K.G.  type  was  made  in  Germany  and  was  made  for  the  Enprlish 
market. 

Mr.  Di  ke,  at  this  point,  applied  to  his  Lordship  for  consent  to 
amend  the  defence  so  as  to  raise  the  point  that  the  plaintiffs  had, 
in  contravention  of  their  powers,  supplied  power  from  other  than 
the  Southwark  area. 

Mr.  Atkin",  K.C,  opposed  the  allowing  of  the  amendment,  and 
pointed  out  in  the  course  of  hia  argument  that  the  defendants  were 
still  havin?  the  electricity  under  a  new  contract. 

Mb.  .Tr.<TiCE  B.\NKE8  said  the  amendment  souerht  to  raise  the 
question  as  to  whether  the  plaintiffs  were  actinpc  within  their 
powers,  and  he  was  inclined  to  think  that  he  ought  to  explain  it  and 
assist  that  investifration,  subject  to  all  questions  of  costs  beinjf 
reserved. 

Subsequently,  evidence  was  called  to  prove  that  there  was  always 
a  supply  by  the  plaintiffs  from  Southwark,  that  the  red-line  indi- 
cated on  the  meter  dial  was  used  as  a  test,  and  that  the  K.G. 
type  was  very  extensively  sold  on  the  Continent  and  in  a  smaller 
measure  in  the  United  Kinprdom. 

After  the  closing  of  the  plaintiffs'  case,  Mk.  Dike,  K.C,  addressed 
the  jury  for  the  defence.  He  said  that  the  attitude  the  defendants 
took  here  was  that  they  had  been  led  to  carry  on  their  leather 
business  for  years  on  the  footing  that  the  cost  of  electricity  was  a 
certain  cost,  and  had  been  paid,  and  that  the  matter  must  rest 
there,  and  if  plaintiffs  had  made  a  mistake  they  must  lose  on  their 
side  by  their  error.  The  defendants  were  for  a  very  long  time 
in  doubt  as  to  whether  it  would  be  of  advantage  to  them 
to  have  electric  power  at  their  works;  the  introduction  was 
made  on  the  representation  of  the  plaintiffs  that  it  would  be 
cheaper  than  either  steam  power  or  suction  gas.  The  defendants 
had  gone  on  with  their  business,  on  the  footing  that  the  cost  of  the 
power  was  that  which  they  were  being  charged  by  the  plaintiffs, 
and  the  defendants  now  contended  that  plaintiffs  were  estopped 
on  the  ground  of  their  own  conduct.  It  came  as  a  complete  sur- 
prise to  defendants  to  be  told  that  they  ought  to  have  paid  10 
times  more  than  they  had  done.  The  defendants  had,  at  consider- 
able expense,  laid  out  their  works  in  such  a  way  as  to  use  electricity 
in  the  future.  If  this  meter  was  one  that  mi!>led  every  accustomed 
person  who  came  to  see  it  and  misled  the  plaintiff  company's  own 
servants,  then  it  was  difiScult  to  see  how  it  could  be  regarded  as  a 
suitable  meter.  He  would  call  evidence  to  show  that  the  red  line 
on  this  dial,  to  the  ordinary  understanding  indicated  that  the  figure 
was  a  decimal  and  not'a  unit. 

For  the  defence,  Me.  David  Salomon  gave  evidence  to  the 
effect  that  there  was  nothing  whatever  to  indicate  that  the  meter 
was  only  registering  one-tenth.  Witness  gave  evidence  at  length 
as  to  his  interviews  with  Mr.  Scott  Vjefore  the  electricity  was  intro- 
duced, and  said  he  was  assured  that  it  would  be  cheaper  than 
other  means.  He  would  not  have  used  the  electricity  had  the  cost 
been  such  as  now  contended,  and  if  he  had  known  that  the  meter 
was  only  indicating  one-tenth  of  the  cost.  Witness  showed  in 
further  evidence  how  he  had  based  his  prices  and  estimates  of  cost 
of  production  in  relation  to  the  cost  of  electricity. 

Cross-examined,  he  was  still  continuing  his  business  ;  he  had 
"sunk"  £35,000  in  it.  He  made  a  good  profit  last  year,  as  the 
prices  for  leather  were  higher  through  the  shortage. 

Mr.  Er.vest  Edward  Sharpe,  M.I.E.E.,  and  as.sociated  with 
meter  manufacturing  for  many  years,  deposed  that  he  would  read 
the  last  figure  on  the  dial  of  this  meter  as  a  decimal,  because  of 
the  red  line  in  front.  He  said  this  mainly  because  of  the  red 
colour.  Red  was  always  associated  with  a  decimal  point.  The 
German  meters  invariably  had  red  to  indicate  the  decimal 
point. 

Other  evidence  of  a  similar  character  was  called  to  show  that 
the  dial  was  unsuitable,  that  the  figure  on  the  extreme  right  would 
be  read  as  a  decimal,  and  that  the  meter  was  not  of  a  type  approved 
by  the  Board  of  Trade. 

After  other  evidence,  counsel  addressed  the  jury,  and  Mr.  Ju.stice 
Bankes  summed  up.  His  Lordship  left  the  following  questions  to 
the  jury,  and  they  were  ultimately  answered  by  the  jury  as 
indicated  : — 

Did  the  plaintiffs,  in  rendering  their  quarterly  accounts,  repre- 
sent to  the  defendants  that  the  quantity  of  electricity  supplied  was 
materially  less  than  was  actually  the  caie  .' — Yes. 

If  so,  did  the  plaintiffs  intend  in  making  such  representation 
that  the  defendants  should  act  upon  it  in  determining  («)  to 
continue  to  take  a  supply  ;  (/>)  whether  or  not  to  continue  to  carry 
on  their  business  ;  (c)  the  selling  price  of  their  goods  ;  and  (rf) 
whether  to  extend  their  plant .' — No. 

Did  the  defendants  act  upon  such  representation  to  their 
detriment  in  refpect  to  any  of  the  above,  or  either  of  them  .' — They 
did  act  on  it,  but  there  is  no  evidence  as  to  detriment. 

Was  the  meter  supplied  a  suitable  one  .' — Yes. 

Were  the  plaintiffs'  servants  negligent  in  reading  the  meter .' — 
Yea. 

Did  the  plaintiffs  keep  the  meter  in  proper  order  for  correctly 
meaauring  the  supply  .' — Yes. 

Ought  the  defendants  by  the  exercise  of  reasonable  care  to  have 
discovered  that  they  were  consuming  more  electricity  than  they 
were  paying  for  .' — Yes. 

The  case  was  ordered  to  be  set  down  at  a  future  date  for  legal 
arguments  to  be  heard  on  the  jury's  answers, 


Woollen  r.  Loxdos  United  Thamwats,  Ltd. 

In  the  Divisional  Court  of  King's  Bench,  on  March  4th,  Mr.  Justice 
Channel  and  Mr.  Justice  Bray  beard  an  appeal  from  a  judgment  of 
Judge  Woodfall  given  in  the  Westminster  County  Court  in  this 
action.  The  plaintiff,  at  about  4  o'clock  in  the  morning,  was  driving 
from  Ealing  to  London  in  his  motor-car  a  party  of  ladies  who 
had  been  to  a  dance,  and  he  came  into  collision  with  a  rail  scrubber 
which  was  at  work  on  the  tramline.  The  evidence  at  the  trial  was 
very  conflicting  as  to  upon  "whom  the  blame  rested,  and  the  County 
Court  Judge  found  for  the  plaintiff. 

Mb.  Ha V den,  who  appeared  for  the  respondent  (the  plaintiff  in 
the  action),  contended  that  the  Court  had  no  jurisdiction  to  hear 
the  appeal,  as  the  defendants  raised  no  point  of  law  at  the  trial. 
Their  Lordships,  however,  decided  that  the  case  would  have  to  be 
heard  before  they  decided  whether  a  point  of  law  could  have  been 
raised. 

Mk.  Rayner  Goddard,  for  the  appellant,  stated  the  facts  of  the 
case,  and  said  that  although  the  plaintiff  had  been  found  to  have 
been  guilty  of  contributory  negligence,  the  Judge  had  decided  in  his 
favour,  on  the  ground  that  the  driver  of  the  "scrubber"  had  also 
been  negligent  in  not  sounding  his  gong.  If  heiiad  sounded  his 
gong,  said  the  County  Court  Judge,  the  plaintiff  would  not  have 
been  entitled  to  recover.  There  was  no  evidence  that  the  defendants' 
servant  was  responsible  for  the  accident,  and  upon  the  facts  found 
by  the  County  Court  Judge,  he  (counsel)  aaked  for  judgment  for 
the  defendant  company,  or  a  new  trial. 

Mr.  Justice  Channel  .said  that,  without  saying  whether  the 
result  of  the  trial  was  right  or  wrong,  he  was  of  opinion  that  the 
case  had  been  decided  upon  a  question  of  fact,  and  not  of  law. 
The  fact  of  the  trial  having  been  unsatisfactory  was  no  ground  for 
a  new  trial,  and  the  appeal  would,  therefore,  be  dismissed. 

Mb.  Justice  Bray  concurred,  and  the  appeal  was  dismissed  with 
costs. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Lamp  Tests. — The  "Westminster  Electrical  Testing 
Laboratory  has  just  completed  a  series  of  life  tests  on  13  of  the 
best-known  makes  of  metal-filament  lamps.  These  tests  indicate 
the  relative  values  of  the  different  makes  now  on  the  market,  and 
show,  when  compared  with  the  previous  tests,  the  progress  that  has 
taken  place  during  the  last  12  months.  Five  20i>-volt  32-watt 
lamps  were  ordered  of  each  maker,  and  were  run  for  2,000  hours  on 
an  automatically  regulated  200-volt  circuit.  The  candle-power  and  i 
consumption  of  each  lamp  were  measured  at  the  start  and  afterwards 
every  2fi()  hours.  The  report  contains  all  individual  results,  as  well 
as  various  tables  of  averages.  The  tests  show  very  clearly  the  need 
for  including  in  a  specification  a  specified  life  as  well  as  specified 
limits  of  efficiency,  which  should  be,  in  many  cases,  quite  outside 
the  makers'  regular  standard. 

For  Sale, — The  Dewsbury  Corporation  has  for  disposal  a 
quantity  of  steam-driven  generating  plant.    See  our  advertisement       " 
pages  in  this  issue. 

Air  Filters. — Mr.  H.  R.  WiTTmr;,  41,  Bemers  Street, 
London,  W.,  the  sole  British  reprepentative  of  Messrs.  K.  &  Th. 
Mtiller,  G.m.b.H.  of  Westphalia,  informs  us  that  he  has  recently 
booked  orders  for  patent  single  pocket  air  filters  from  the  follow- 
ing : — James  Simpson  &  Co.,  Ltd.  :  Wellman.  Seaver  and  Head, 
Ltd.  :  C  A.  Parsons  A;  Co..  Ltd.  ;  W.  Beardmore  &  Co.,  Ltd.  ;  the 
Brush  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.  ;  the  Glengarnock  Iron  and 
Steel  Co.,  Ltd. ;  Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd.  ;  the  British  Westinghouse 
Electric  Co.  ;  the  Newcastle-on-Tjne  Corporation  Tramways,  and 
others. 

"Lux'"   Electric   Candles.— Thk  Lrx   Candle  Co., 

Ltd.,  of  36,  Whitfield  Street,  Tottenham  Court  Road,  London,  W., 
announce  improvements  in  these  candles  in  a  leaflet  just  issued.  A 
different  make  of  metal-filament  lamp  of  improved  efficiency  and 
strong  filament  is  now  employed,  which  is  made  for  up  to  125  volts, 
without  increasing  the  size  of  the  bulb  at  the  candle  point  or  spoil- 
ing  the  candle-like  appearance. 

Book    Notices. —  "  The    CD.,    1S13."      Melbourne: 

Critchley  Parker.  This  is  the  Australian  Mining  Standard 
Classified  Directory  of  makers  of  mining,  electrical,  and  industrial 
machinery  and  other  manufactures  for  the  mine. 

"  The  Newspaper,"  by  G.  B.  Dibblee.     Home  University  Library,  - 
No.  69.     London:  Williams  &  Norgate.     1913.     Price  Is.  net. 

Catalogues  and  Lists. — Mkssrs.  Gilukkt  Gilkks  and 

Co.,  Ltd.,  Kendal. — New  catalogue  of  16  pages,  containing  a  full 
description,  with  line  drawings  and  half-tone  illustrations,  of  their 
"Cen-turi"  centrifugal  pumps,  which  embody  entire  revision  of 
designs  and  patterns.  'Tabular  information  is  detailed  respecting 
single-cell  and  multi-cell  pumps,  and  other  useful  matter,  is  given, 
including  notes  on  installation  and  working.  A  loose  sheet 
tabulates  prices  of  the  pumps. 

Adml  Electbic  Co.,  Ltd.,  Artillery  Lane,  London,  E.G.— 
Effective  newspaper  folder,  issued  with  the  object  of  showing  how 
their  indirect  lighting  fittings  eliminate  possibility  of  "glare.'' 

Mr.  H.  C  Slin(;sI!V,  142-Ur.,  Old  Street,  London,  E.G.- Eight- 
page  list  (No.  1  (2),  effectively  illustrating  their  extension  ladders, 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,111,  March  7,  lOKlJ 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


381 


The  WKaxiNunousE  Coopkh  Hewitt  Oo.,  Ltd.,  80,  York  Road, 
King-'H  Oro«M,  Ijondon,  N.— LiHt  No.  '10  reliitiii);  to  the  Hpooial 
udaptiibility  of  Cooper- Ilowitt  lamps  to  the  production  of  oinemato- 
Ifrapli  niniH.  The  leaflot  netH  forth  the  prioeit  and  general  advan- 
tatfCH,  one  of  whioli,  apart  from  tho  liijrh  actinic  value  of  the  li({ht, 
in  the  economy  in  current  conHumption. 

Meshus.  O/.oNAiit,  Ltd.,  iifi,  Victoria  street,  London,  S.W.— 
New  pamphlet  No.  li  (iW  pa(j(m),  containini^  a  dencription  of  tho 
Ozonair  system  of  pure  air  ventilation.  Iiitroducjtory  notes  deal 
with  the  principles  of  ideal  ventilation.  The  apparatus  is  finely 
illustrated,  and  there  are  also  many  pictun*  of  buildings,  &c., 
where  the  syMtem  is  in  use. 

The  Emanda  Enoineeuino  Co.,  Ltd.,  Kmanda  Works,  Sumner 
Avenue,  Peckham,  S.IO. — Sheet  of  illustrations  »liowin(j  their  switch 
and  fuseboardn,  distribution  boards,  \:c. 

Mes.mks.  Siemens  Bros,  .t  Co.,  Lto.,  Woolwich. — Abridged 
illustrated  price  list  of  round  pattern  switchboard  instruments, 
electromagnetic  and  moving  coil. 

Messrs.  J.  II.  Holmes  >V  Co.,  17,  Sohc  Square,  London,  W. — New 
pamphlet  of  IS  pages  (newspaper  printing  section)  containing  a 
description,  with  illustrations,  of  their  improved  Holmes-Clat- 
worthy  system,  with  hand  or  push  button  control  for  electrically 
operating  rotary  web  presses.  A  number  of  improvements  have 
been  introduced. 

Messrs.  Fuedk.  Buaby  >t  Co.,  Ltd.,  Ida  Works,  Deptford, 
London,  .S.E. — In  a  small  pocket  pamphlet  of  eight  pages  the  firm 
give  information  respecting  economical  storage  of  petrol,  and  the 
underground  storage  tanks,  pumpa  and  overhead  measuring  tanks 
and  other  apparatus  supplied  by  them  for  that  purpose. 

Messrs.  Meldrums,  Ltd.,  Timperley,  near  Manchester.- - 
Several  new  publication.i  describing  respectively  the  Meldrum 
improved  forced-draught  furnace  ;  patent  refuse  destructors  ;  and 
the  "  Koker  "  and  "  Sprinkler  "  mechanical  stokers. 

Messrs.  Riciiardsons,  Westcjarth  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  HartlepooL- 
Admirably  got-up  pamphlet  of  ;^{!  pages,  containing  a  full  account 
(with  numerous  clear  sectional  diagrams  and  beautifully-executed 
photographic  reproductions  of  completed  plants)  of  the  combined 
impulse  and  reaction  turbine  built  by  the  firm.  This  is  of  the 
same  type  as  that  built  by  Messrs.  Brown,  Boveri  &  Co.,  of  Baden, 
and  Messrs.  Richardsons,  Westgarth  have  supplied,  and  have  in 
hand,  a  large  number  of  machines  of  this  type  of  various  sizes. 
In  addition  to  general  and  constructional  particulars,  there  are  test 
curves  given.  Turbines  for  special  purposes  (back-pressure  and 
bye-pass)  are  also  included. 

The  Power  Plant  Co.,  Ltd.,  West  Drayton,  Middlesex. — 
Four-page  leaflet,  giving  a  specification  of  their  self-contained  mill 
gears  for  low  and  medium  ratios. 

The  Stearn  Electric  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.,  17,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W. — Illustrated  and  priced  leaflets  respecting  the  new 
Stearn  "  Globolite"  lamp,  heating  and  the  "  Leuconium  '  lamps. 

Strike  Settlement. — We  are  informed  that  the  strike 
at  the  works  of  Messrs.  Eveeshed  &  Vignoles,  Ltd.,  caused  by 
the  dismissal  of  a  workman  for  reading  instead  of  going  on  with 
his  work,  has  been  settled  by  the  withdrawal  by  the  men  of  the 
demand  for  his  reinstatement.  The  company  on  its  part  has 
undertaken  to  take  back  the  strikers  into  its  employ.  It  is  stated 
that  with  one  or  twD  exceptions,  good  feeling  has  prevailed  during 
the  struggle,  which  involved  the  whole  of  the  workshop  hands, 
numbering  about  220.  The  support  of  the  staff  and  a  number  of 
other  employes  has  helped  materially  in  bringing  about  the 
successful  issue  of  the  dispute.  The  firm  ask  us  to  state  that  the  aid 
received  from  a  large  number  of  manufacturers  has  strengthened 
their  hands  in  the  conduct  of  the  matter,  and  to  these  manu- 
facturers they  express  their  thanks  for  such  assistance.  Messrs. 
Evershed  \.  Vignoles  ask  customers  to  continue  to  extend  to  them 
consideration  in  the  matter  of  deliveries,  as  these  will  necessarily 
for  the  present  be  somewhat  delayed,  though  no  effort  will  be 
spared  to  speedily  remedy  this. 

Trade  Announcements. — With  reference  to  a  notice 
that  appeared  in  our  last  issue,  Messrs.  Ward  &  Goldstone  state 
that  in  place  of  Mr.  Stafford  Sinclair  they  have  engaged  Mr.  G.  G. 
Turvey  to  act  as  their  Glasgow  representative.  They  are  giving  up 
their  present  address  at  50,  Wellington  Street,  Glasgow,  having 
taken  more  commodious  premises  in  West  Campbell  Street,  which 
will  enable  a  larger  stock  of  their  manufactures  to  be  kept,  and 
will  also  afford  greater  facilities  for  showrooms,  &c. 

Mr.  Leo.  Eppenheim  has  taken  into  partnership  Mr.  Percy  Levy, 
and  the  business  will  be  carried  on  under  the  style  of  Leo. 
Eppenheim,  Levy  &  Co.,  at  31-5,  Duke  Street,  St  Mary  Axe,  E.G. 

Messrs.  Jones  &  Attwood,  Ltd.,  heating  and  hydraulic 
eigineere,  of  Stourbridge,  have  added  an  electrical  department  for 
the  supply  and  erection  of  plant  and  fittings  for  all  kinds  of 
electrical  work,  with  Mr.  W.  Bannister  as  manager. 

Premises  at  60,  Hamilton  Square,  Birkenhead,  have  been  taken 
by  the  Economic  Electric  Co.,  electrical  and  mechanical 
enirineers. 

Mr.  H.  W.  Power,  engineering  publicity  expert,  of  31,  Queen 
Victoria  Street,  E.C.,  informs  us  that  his  telephone  number  is  now 
City  8590,  instead  of  8509,  as  given  in  the  Universal  Electrical 
Directory. 

Mr.  F.  H.  Way  has  been  appointed  Midlands'  representative  for 
the  Electrical  Apparatus  Co..  Ltd.,  with  headquarters  in  Birming- 
ham, and  Mr.  W.  Roberts  (late  of  the  British  Westinghouse  Co.), 
has  been  appointed  the  firm's  South  Wales  representative,  with 
headquarters  in  Cardiff. 

During  the  past  year,  large  extensions  and  improvements  have 
been  made  in  the  works  of  the  Hoffmann  Manufacturing  Co., 
Ltd.,  at  Chelmsford,  which  are  devoted  entirely  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  ball  and  roller  bearings  and  steel  balls.    Extensions  to  the 


(friiidinif  department,  cage  department,  t*»tiri/  d^part^l•;nt,  and 
stores  have  be«n  made,  Increoiiinif  the  uvuilabld  floor  rpaM  by 
28,200  M<|.  ft.  Even  with  the  ab<jvc  exteiisionn,  tho  demand  haa 
again  overtaken  the  capacity  of  the  plant,  afid,  ut  the  preitcut  timp 
additional  extcnHions  are  being  made.  A  furlhor  Dicriel  enginn  of 
1,000  II  i:  is  on  order,  making  the  total  available  horne  power 
over  2,000. 

Mi;.f.sRs.  W.  White  ic  Co.,  have  taken  larRcr  premi»«i(  at  2.'i, 
Budge  Row,  Cannon  Street,  London,  B.C..  the  premiaeH  recently 
occupied  by  MessrH.  Krupka  .v  .lacoby. 

Uankruptcy  FroceedinRs. — CifAin.K.s Si'k.nveu  .Sokth- 

COTE,  electrical  enginei-r,  ii7,  Stanthorpo  Road,  Streatharn, 
London. — The  public  examination  of  the  alxivo  named  debtor  wan 
held  at  the  Court  Houne,  Wandsworth,  Ia«t  week,  before  Mr. 
Registrar  Willoughby.  The  statement  of  affairs  showed  liabilities 
amounting  to  £1,713  and  aiisets  estimated  to  produce  £01. 
Questioned  by  the  Official  Receiver,  debtor  stated  that  in  1906  he 
left  a  company  with  which  he  had  been  connected,  selling  his 
shares  for  £4,000,  and  starting  on  his  own  account  at  Queen  Anne's 
Gate,  Westminster,  under  the  style  of  "  WhoUsale  Electric 
Traders."  In  1908  he  was  concerned  with  an  electrical  exhibition, 
over  which  he  lost  £2,000.  He  gave  up  his  office  three  years  ago, 
and  since  then  had  been  living  on  his  capital,  having  no  paying 
business.  His  capital  became  exhausted  at  the  beginning  of  last 
year,  and  he  gave  instructions  to  Mesers.  Debenham,  Storr  ii  .Sons, 
auctioneers,  to  sell  the  greater  part  of  his  furniture.  Debtor  was 
dissatisfied  with  the  amount  handed  to  him,  and  as  a  result  of 
statements  made  in  letters  sent  by  his  solicitors  to  Messrs. 
Debenham,  they  commenced  an  action  for  libel.  Judgment  was 
given  against  him,  and  subsequently  the  damages  were  assessed  at 
£400.  Debtor  calculated  that  he  had  lost  £1,000  over  the  sale  of  a 
house  at  Forest  Hill.    The  examination  was  adjourned. 

W.  H.  Micklethwait,  electrician,  Harrogate. — First  meeting', 
March  13th  ;  public  examination,  .Vpril  4  th  ;  both  at  York. 

Liquidation. — Ro-ssendale   liEr/riNir    Co.,    Ltd., — A 

petition  (presented  by  Messrs.  A.  E  Bennett  ..t  Co.,  Liverpool)  for 
winding-up  this  company,  is  to  be  heard  on  March  17th  at 
Liverpool. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Accrington. — Negotiations  respecting  the  supply  of  elec- 
trical energy  to  the  paper  works  of  Messrs.  Peebles  &  Sons  have 
been  in  progrees,  arid  application  is  to  be  made  to  the  L.G.B.  for 
power  to  borrow  the  amount  required  to  carry  out  the  requisite 
extension. 

A  report  in  regard  to  the  new  gas  engine  plant  has  been  issued  by 
the  electrical  engineer.  A  three  months'  trial  on  one  engine  and 
electrical  generator  started  on  February  4th,  running  164  hours  per 
week,  as  near  to  full  load  as  circumstances  permitted.  The  gas 
making  plant  started  a  three  months'  trial  on  March  1st. 

Barking. — It  has  been  decided  to  withdraw  the  Council's 
opposition  to  the  Romford  and  District  Electric  Lighting  Order, 
conditionally  upon  the  words  "  by  agreement,  but  not  otherwise  " 
being  inserted  after  the  word  "  may  "  in  line  10  of  Clause  20  (Bulk 
Supply)  of  the  Order.  At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Council  a  report 
from  the  clerk  was  considered,  showing  the  position  of  affairs  with 
regard  to  (1)  the  suggested  transfer  of  the  electric  lighting  under- 
taking ;  (2)  the  taking  of  a  bulk  supply  of  energy  from  the  West 
Ham  Corporation  ;  (3)  the  taking  of  a  supply  of  electricity  for 
traction  purposes  from  the  East  Ham  Corporation  ;  and  (4)  the 
proposed  leasing  of  the  light  railways  from  East  Ham  boundary  to 
Loxford  Bridge,  to  the  East  Ham  Corporation.  It  was  decided  (a) 
to  take  no  further  regard  to  item  (1)  at  the  moment  ;  (/y)  that  the 
consideration  of  item  (2)  remain  in  abeyance  :  (p)  that  the  c.erk 
negotiate  further  with  the  East  Ham  Corporation  with  regard  to 
item  (3) ;  {d)  that  with  regard  to  item  (4),  the  East  Ham 
Corporation  be  informed  that  the  terms  suggested  are  such  as 
cannot  be  accepted  ;  (<?)  that  the  engineer  prepare  a  report  upon 
the  question  of  extensions  to  the  electricity  plant,  to  which  item 
(2)  be  also  referred. 

Barrow-in-Fnrness. — The   T.C.  has  approved  of  the 

Electricity  Committee  extending  the  mains  on  Walney  Island  in 
order  to  supply  current  to  102  houses  which  are  to  be  erected  by 
Messrs.  Rainey  Bros.  The  electrical  engineer  reported  that  at  the 
next  meeting  of  his  committee  he  hoped  to  put  forward  some 
definite  proposition  in  regard  to  fixing  electric  cooking  apparatus 
in  each  of  the  houses.  It  was  agreed  to  support  a  demonstration  of 
the  uses  of  electricity  by  the  British  Electric  Transformer  Co.,  Ltd. 

Beckenham.— The  U.D.C.  has  applied  to  the  L.G.B.  for 

sanction  to  borrow  £2,500  for  services  and  £1,000  for  meters  in 
connection  with  its  electricity  undertaking. 

Birmingham. — The  proposed  new  power  station  scheme 
atXechells,  to  provide  an  additional  100,000  KW.  of  generating  plant, 
is  still  held  up.  The  committee's  indecision  is  explained  by  the 
nearness  of  the  end  of  the  financial  year,  the  trading  result  of  which 
should  be  available  shortly. 

Bisphaui    (near    Blackpool). — An  inquiry  has   been 

held  by  Mr.  T.  C.  Ekin,  L.G.B.  Inspector,  relative  to  the  Council's 
application  for  sanction  to  borrow  £S,17S.  for  extensions  to  the 
electricity  undertaking.    Although   the  station  has  only   been  in 


'm 


382 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [voi.  72.  No.  i,84i,  mabch  7,  1913. 


operation  a  little  over  12  months,  the  demand  for  electric  lighting 
has  far  exceeded  the  anticipatioue  of  the  Council,  which  has 
found  it  necesoary  to  increase  the  plant  to  something  like  two  and 
a  half  times  its  present  capacity.  There  was  no  opposition  tu  the 
application. 

Bolton. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  approved  of  the 
plans  of  the  proposed  generating  station,  completed  with  the 
amendments  decided  upon  by  the  engineers. 

The  chairman  and  vice-chairman  have  been  deputed  to  open  and 
tabulate  the  tenders  for  the  supply  of  switchgear. 

Continental  Kotes. — iiiAKMiuitc — It  is  reported  from 
Luxemburjr  that,  after  protracted  negotiations,  an  agreement  has 
been  reached  between  the  Government  of  the  Grand  Duchy  and  an 
Knglish  power  association,  whereby  the  latter  undertakes  shortly  to 
begin  the  erection  of  the  proposed  Sauer  Valley  dam  in  the  upper 
Oesling,  in  connection  with  the  hydro-electric  scheme  for  the 
supply  of  the  whole  of  the  Duchy.  The  expenditure  on  the  work 
iset'timated  at  £640,000,  and  the  approval  of  the  agreement  by  the 
Chamber  appears  to  be  assured.  Associated  with  the  scheme  is  a 
rumour  of  the  projected  establishment  of  a  large  new  steel  works 
near  Erprldingen,  above  Ettelbruck,  which  would  obtain  its 
supply  of  power  from  the  hydro-electric  works  in  question. 

FUANCE. — A  company  has  just  been  formed  at  A ulne  (Parthe), 
with  a  capital  of  £10,000  and  the  title  La  Socidte  Sarthoise 
d'Electriciti'  et  de  Force,  to  establish  a  small  electricity  generating 
station  in  the  town. 

Sweden. — The  Stora-Kopparbergs  Aktiebolag,  the  second 
largest  mining  company  in  Sweden,  and  the  owner  of  a  large 
area  of  tiinberland,  is  going  to  erect  a  large  electrical  power  station 
at  Forshufoud,  to  utilise  the  falls  of  the  Wal  River.  The  same 
company  may  be  said  to  be  the  financial  pioneer  of  the  development 
of  electrical  smelting  of  iron-ore  in  Sweden  and  elsewhere,  and  has, 
in  addition  to  the  electrical  furnace  at  the  Domnarhufoud  Iron 
Works,  another  electrical  furnace  of  different  construction  in 
operation,  the  latter  having  a  capacity  of  12,000  n.r. 

Norway. — The  largest  power  station  in  Europe,  says  the  fnhiir 
Ciril,  is  being  constructed  on  the  Norefall,  near  Nore,  in  the 
Numedal.  to  supply  electricity  to  Christiania  and  Eastern  Norway. 
The  buildings,  K',0  m.  in  length,  are  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain,  upon 
which  will  be  a  penstock  fed  from  a  reservoir  0  km.  away,  and  the 
available  head  will  be  420  m.  There  will  be  11  turbines  of 
20,000  H.p.  each  and  two  of  10,000  h.p.,  making  a  total  of 
21fi,000  H.p. 

Dartford.— The  U.D.C.  has  applied  to  the  B.  of  T.  for 

consent  to  supply  current  in  the  rural  area  to  the  premises  of 
Vickers.  Ltd.,  the  S.E.  and  C.  Railway  Co.,  at  Slades  Green,  Messrs. 
Richard  &  Brignall,  Messrs.  Murgatroyd  Bros.,  Messrs.  G.  P.  and  J. 
Baker,  and  Messrs.  D.  and  C.  Rutter,  Ltd.,  all  in  the  parish  of  Cray- 
ford.  It  is  proposed  to  give  the  supply  by  means  of  overhead 
cables,  carried  as  far  as  possible  alongside  the  railway. 

The  Electric  Lighting  Committee  has  had  under  consideration 
the  question  of  the  scale  of  charges  for  current.  It  states  that  the 
falling  off  in  the  demand  for  power  purposes  is  adversely  influencing 
the  finances  of  the  undertaking,  and  recommends  a  fixed  charge  of 
2.5s.  per  Kw.  (approximately  £.1  per  h.p.)  of  demand  per  quarter, 
and  in  addition  charges  based  on  consumption  varying  from  l^d. 
to  "Sd.  per  KW.-hour.  The  Committee  states  that  Messrs.  Vickers, 
Ltd.,  who  have  already  arranged  to  take  current  at  their  Crayford 
Works,  will  be  requiring  before  long  200  kw.  The  capital  expendi- 
ture is  put  at  £4„300,  of  which  £1,800  would  be  spent  on  two 
260-KW.  rotaries,  with  transformers  to  raise  pressure  to  6,600  volts, 
and  £600  on  two  200-KW.  transformers  at  Vickers"  premises,  and  the 
necessary  switchgear.  The  total  demand  would  run  to  some  450  kw., 
and  the  capital  expenditure  be  raised  to  £11,000,  with  annual 
receipts  on  the  new  scale  of  £4,705.  as  against  an  expenditure  on 
coal,  wages,  interest  and  repairs  of  £.S,:H75. 

Dorset.  —  The  County  of  Dorset  Electric  .Supply  Co. 
has  been  .-successfully  floated,  and  is  putting  in  hand  the  scheme 
for  supplying  electricity  to  the  various  towns  in  Dorsetshire,  parti- 
culars regarding  which  have  already  appeared  in  these  columns. 
The  works  in  Swanage,  Dorchester,  and  Blandford  are  being 
started  this  spring,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  supply  will  be  available 
in  the  course  of  a  few  months.  It  is  intended  to  start  the  works 
in  the  other  towns  in  Dorset — Sherborne,  Wimboume,  &c.,  directly 
circumstances  permit. 

Dundee. — The  Dock  Street  sub-station  is  now  completed 
and  capable  of  relieving  Dudhope  Crescent  Road  Station  of 
1,500  KW. 

Specifications  have  been  issued  for  the  steelwork  and  chimney 
for  the  extensions  at  Carolina  Port.  Tenders  are  due  on  the  10th 
inst. 

Edinlionch. — The  T.C.  has  agreed  to  raise  the  ma.vimum 
salary  of  the  station  engineer  at  McDonald  Road  station  from  £270 
to  £330  per  annum,  by  such  increments  as  may  be  recommended 
by  the  resident  engineer  with  the  approval  of  the  Committee.  The 
convener  of  the  Committee  justified  the  increase  on  the  ground  that 
the  salary  of  £270  was  fixed  10  years  ago. 

Farini^don. — "Works  for  electric  lighting  for  this  town 
have  been  constructed  at  the  old  brewery  in  Southampton  Street. 
Consent  of  the  public  authorities  to  the  erection  of  the  poles 
having  been  given,  most  of  the  poles  are  now  in  place,  but  a  nurae- 
roD-ly  signed  protest  against  these  erections  has  been  sent  to  the 
District  Council,  complaining  of  their  unsightliness.  The  Council, 
however,  has  refused  to  move  in  the  matter. 


Fleetwood. — A  L.G.B.   inquiry  was  held  on  February 

25th  into  the  application  of  the  D.C.  to  borrow  £7,176  for  the 
purpose  of  the  electricity  undertaking. 

tiialaslliels. — The  Tenants'  Associatiou  has  unanimously 
petitioned  the  T.C.  to  make  the  supply  of  electricity  a  Corporation 
concern.  The  question  engaging  public  attention  at  present  is 
whether  the  scheme  should  be  undertaken  by  the  Council  or  by  a 
private  company.  Before  coining  to  a  decision  the  Council  sent  a 
deputation  to  Glasgow  to  consult  an  expert,  and  the  members 
reported  to  a  private  meeting  the  result  of  their  visit.  On  Thursday, 
la.st  week,  Mr.  Parsons,  the  expert  consulted,  visited  Galashiels  for 
the  purpose  of  getting  information  to  enable  him  to  prepare  his 
report. 

llalifa.\, — It  is  proposed  to  extend  the  h.t.  supply  to 
the  works  of  Messrs.  Asquith,  Ltd.,  at  a  cost  of  £352  (subject  to  a 
guarantee  that  the  income  will  not  be  less  than  £200  per  annum 
for  five  years),  to  West  Croft  Mills,  and  to  New  Brunswick  Mills, 
at  an  estimated  cost  of  £398,  and  to  Horley  Green  Mill,  at  an 
estimated  cost  of  £767. 

Ilaslingden. — The  1^.6.?..  has  sanctioned  the  loan  of 
£3,750  for  a  period  of  25  years  for  electricity  cables,  and  the  turn 
of  £1,600  for  a  period  of  15  years,  for  electric  services. 

Hastinirs, — A  L.G.B.  inquiry  has  been  held  concerning 
the  application  of  the  Corporation  to  borrow  £8,133  for  electric 
lighting.  Inone  item  of  £4,000,  the  engineer  (Mr.  Ferguson)  said  he 
might  include  thecostof  ahigh-tension  main  to  the  through  boundary. 
The  Inspector  said  the  amount  was  not  ear-marked,  and  it  would 
be  left  to  the  Council  to  act  as  it  pleased.  At  the  close  of  the 
inquiry,  there  being  no  opposition,  the  Inspector  said  the  improved 
position  of  the  undertaking  was  quite  encouraging.  There  was 
rather  a  long  list  of  what  they  might  call  "  moral  obligations  " 
when  they  got  to  the  right  side.  He  noticed  that  the  number  of 
consumers  had  gone  considerably.  "  Don't  spend  your  money 
on  buildings  ;  spend  it  on  wheels,"  added  the  Inspector. 

Hebden  Bridg'e. — The  D.C.  has  decided  to  apply  to  the 
L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow  £3,250  for  the  purpose  of  extensions 
at  the  electricity  works. 

It  is  anticipated  that,  for  the  first  time  since  the  electricity  works 
were  started,  there  will  be  a  profit  on  the  working  of  the  under- 
taking. 

Heston  and  Isleworth. — The  electrical  engineer, 
Mr.  P.  Rycroft,  reported  to  the  last  meeting  of  the  U.D.C.  that  the 
ergine  for  the  new  plant  would  not  be  ready  until  the  middle  of 
March  owing  to  the  difiBculty  that  had  been  experienced  by  tie 
makers  in  obtaining  castings  and  fittings. 

Keighley. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  made  a 
recommendation  that  an  agreement  be  entered  into  with  the 
Bingley  V  D.C.  for  the  supply  to  the  latter  of  electrical  energy,  in 
bulk,  on  the  three-phase  extra-high-tension  system  at  0,600  volts, 
50  periods  per  second,  on  the  following  terms  :— The  U.D.C.  to  pay 
a  fixed  annual  charge  according  to  the  following  scale. — If  the 
consumption  does  not  exceed  300,000  units  per  annum,  £400  ;  if 
the  consumption  exceeds  300,000,  but  is  not  more  than  400,000 
units  per  annum,  £500  ;  if  the  consumption  exceeds  400,000  units 
per  annum,  £600.  And  in  addition  to  such  fixed  charge,  |d.  per 
KW.-hour  registered  by  a  meter  to  be  fixed  at  the  Bingley  end  of 
the  H.T.  cable  ;  accounts  to  be  subject  to  5  per  cent,  discount,  and  to 
be  paid  quarterly.  The  agreement  to  be  for  a  definite  term  of  10 
years,  with  options  to  the  Bingley  Council  to  extend  the  term  for 
two  further  periods  of  five  years  each.  Application  will  be  made 
to  the  B.  of  T.  for  an  order  to  give  effect  to  the  proposed 
agreement. 

Pljnioutli. — The  T.C.  is  making  application  to  the 
L.G.B.  to  borrow  the  sum  of  .£5,500  for  the  purpose  of  extending 
the  plant  at  the  electricity  works.  The  Electricity  Committee 
reports  that  it  is  estimated  that  the  sum  required  for  interest  and 
sinking  fund  will  amount  to  £488  per  annum,  and  that 
the  saving  in  working  expenses  that  will  result  from  the  operation 
of  the  proposed  plant  will  equal  the  above  capital  charges  at  the 
time  it  is  put  into  operation.  The  increase  in  total  plant  capacity 
will  enable  additional  and  profitable  revenue  to  be  earned.  Cables 
are  to  be  laid  to  Laira,  subject  to  the  intending  consumers  entering 
into  an  agreement. 

Portisliead. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Council  the 
Lighting  Committee  recommended  (the  matter  arising  out  of  the 
Agreement  between  the  Council  and  the  new  Electric  Lighting 
Co.)  that,  as  the  streets  and  highways  were  to  be  illuminated  by 
electricity,  the  number  of  lamps  should  be  increased  by  61,  making 
a  total  of  174,  with  the  113  existing  lamps.  The  cost  of  the  113 
gas  lamps  was  £285,  and  the  increase  of  more  than  50  per  cent, 
in  the  number  of  electric  lamps  would  mean  an  additional 
expenditure  of  only  £39.    The  report,  was  unanimously  adopted. 

Rad.stock   (Somerset). — At  the  last  meeting  of   the 

U.D.C,  a  special  committee  appointed  by  the  Council  presented  an 
extensive  report  upon  the  question  of  the  public  lighting  of  the 
town.  The  gas  projects  having  practically  failed,  the  Committee 
stated  it  turned  its  attention  to  the  question  of  electric  lighting, 
and  secured  the  services  of  a  well-qualified  engineer  from  London, 
who  visited  Radstock  and  forwarded  the  surveyor  a  lengthy  report. 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,<ll,  Makcii  7,  10l:t. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


3h:s 


With  roKiird  to  imblio  li);htiiit;,  thn  Hohomo  providcH  for  ITiO  lanipH 
of  50  and  100  c.l'.,  lifrhtod  for  1,;'00  hourH  per  annum.  It  wan 
propOHed  that  a  charge  of  M.  por  unit  bo  inado  for  privato  lii^ht- 
inp.  Tho  capital  expenditure  waH  cstimatod  an  followH  :  Build- 
io|;8  and  foundations,  £'.^00  :  plant,  inoludinf;  movini;  the 
enirince,  new  dynamo.s,  l)attery,  Bwitohboard,  kc,  £1,1.30  ; 
motors  for  Howape  pumps,  £136  ;  street  li|;htin);,  £285  ; 
overhead  mains  on  wooden  poles,  £1,700  ;  services  and  meters, 
£150  ;  cost  of  prov.  order,  £200  ;  lejral  and  other  oipenHOS,  £200  ; 
total,  £4,000.  Tho  revenue  was  estimated  as  follows  : — Public 
liffhtinfr,  15(1  lamps,  £210  ;  private  liEhtinp,  1,600  26-O.P.  lamps 
with  current  at  6d.  per  unit,  £480  ;  power,  £25  ;  sewai^e  pumpints. 
£25  ;  meter  rents  and  sundry  receipts,  £25  ;  total  estimated  irross 
revenue,  £76.").  The  corresponding  expenditure  will  total  £575. 
With  reference  to  the  total  amount  which  would  probably  be 
required  to  extend  the  undertakinjr,  if  Rudstock  only  were  served,  it 
was  considered  a  further  £1,500  mit;ht  be  required  for  additional 
plant  and  mains  in  two  years  after  the  undertakinjf  has  been 
started  ;  if  Peaeedown  were  included  another  £2,000  would  probably 
be  required.  After  some  discussion,  the  matter  was  deferred  until 
the  May  meeting  of  the  Council. 

R«adiD)i:. — The  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  applied  to 
the  T.C.  for  consent  to  the  alteration  of  the  frequency  of  the 
supply  of  current  in  certain  parts  of  the  borough  where  the  supply 
is  friven  by  alternating  current,  to  50  periods  per  second. 

Shipley. — The  U.D.C.  last  week  decided  to  carry  out 
extensions  to  the  electricity  works,  at  a  cost  estimated  at  £14,000. 
The  electrical  engineer  (Mr.  Redman)  reported  that  at  present  the 
load  was  just  equal  to  the  full  safe  capacity  of  the  plant,  and  that  it 
would  be  overloaded  next  winter.  If  the  Council  were  to  undertake 
the  supply  of  power  to  manufacturers,  it  would  be  absolutely  neces- 
sary to  install  new  plant.  This  would  entail  the  purchase  of  an 
additional  turbo-alternator,  boiler,  motor-generator,  condenser,  and 
a  new  building  and  switchboard,  with  which  outlay  the  Council 
would  be  provided  with  a  modern  1,000-KW.  set. 

Slough. — By  instalUng  electricity  at  the  workhouse,  the 
Guardians  for  that  town  have  effected  an  enormous  saving.  For 
the  year  just  ended,  the  actual  cost  for  current  was  £47,  against 
£200  for  gas  in  the  previous  year.  Taken  altogether,  it  is  estimated 
that  a  saving  of  £300  a  year  has  followed  the  introduction  of 
electricity  for  lighting,  pumping,  and  laundry  purposes. 

Soatkampton. — Additional  plant  is  required  to  meet 
next  winter's  load,  and,  upon  sanction  being  received  from  the 
L.G.B.  to  the  proposal,  tenders  are  to  be  invited.  The  estimated  cost 
is  put  at  £8,200. 

Stalybridge. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Joint  Tramways  and 
Electricity  Board  on  February  27th,  it  was  reported  that  the  Exten- 
sions Sub-Committee  had  recommended  a  boiler  house  extension  plan 
for  acceptance,  and  had  expressed  the  view  that  it  would  be  unwise 
to  further  extend  on  the  present  site.  Mr.  Noel  (chairman  of  the 
Generating  Station  Committee)  said  the  extensions  were  now  going 
on.  They  had  written  to  the  L.G.B.  pointing  out  that  they  were 
80  handicapped  that  they  were  obliged  to  go  on  with  the  work. 
The  demand  for  electricity  continued  to  increase. 

Tottenham,— The  North  Metropolitan  Electric  Power 
Co.  having  been  invited  by  the  Council  to  submit  terms  for  lighting 
the  parish,  has  replied  that  it  is  not  prepared  to  carry  out  the 
whole  of  the  street  lighting,  but  only  in  those  streets  where  its 
mains  are  laid.  The  Tottenham  and  Edmonton  Gas  Co.  sent  a 
letter  to  the  same  meeting  of  the  Council,  stating  that  it  would 
have  no  possible  objection  to  competition  with  the  Electric  Power 
Co.  so  long  as  it  was  for  the  whole  of  the  district,  and  not  for  the 
best  selected  parts  ;  also,  conditionally  that  actual  candle-power  is 
taken  into  consideration  as  the  basis  for  comparison.  The  com- 
pany proceeded  to  quote  prices.  Both  letters  were  referred  to  a 
Committee. 

Tatbnry  (Staflfs.)— The  R.D.C,  has  given  its  consent 
to  the  erection  of  an  overhead  h.t.  main  from  the  borough  boundary 
to  the  pumping  station  at  Stretton,  in  order  to  supply  electricity 
to  the  Clay  Mills  pumping  station  and  the  works  of  the  English 
Grains  Co.,  Ltd. 

Walthamstow.— An  additional  feeder  is  to  be  laid  to 
the  corner  of  Church  Hill  and  Hoe  Street,  at  an  estimated  cost  of 
£828  ;  and  a  second  cooling  tower  is  to  be  installed  at  the  electri- 
city works.  The  cost  of  this  latter  work  is  put  at  £1,800.  Current 
is  to  be  supplied  to  the  factory  recently  opened  in  Billet  Lane  by 
the  Fuller  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  at  an  approximate  cost  of 
£1,128.  In  view  of  certain  observations  by  the  district  auditor, 
the  consumption  of  current  at  the  various  Council  schools  is,  in 
future,  to  be  grouped  together  for  the  purpose  of  fixing  the  charge 
to  be  made. 

Warrington. — The  electrical  engineer  has  been  directed 
to  report  upon  the  capacity  of  the  plant  and  the  supply  of  power 
in  anticipation  of  the  demand  during  next  winter  ;  also  to  purchase 
25  domestic  electric  irons,  and  sell  or  hire  them  out.  Tenders  are 
invited  for  an  annual  supply  of  motors. 

Whitstable. — A  memorial  with  the  signatures  of  266 
residents  at  Tankerton  has  been  presented  to  the  U.D.C.  urging  that 
body  to  favourably  consider  the  electricity  scheme  submitted  by  a 
private  company,  as  "in  our  opinion  this  should  prove  a  most 
attractive  addition  to  our  town,  and  besides  bringing  about  healthy 
competition  with  the  existing  lighting  supply,  will  no  doubt  bring 
more  residents  to  this  district,  as  there  will  be  the  inducement  Qf  ^ 
cheaper  light  for  domestic  use." 


Work.sop. — Tho  T.C.  Ims  nrrungfid  to  ((ive  a  Uirufjorary 
supply  uf  current  to  thn  workM  of  MetturH.  OatiiH,  Ltd.,  and  arranKc- 
mcnts  arc  to  bo  made  for  alfiermanent  Hupply  for  a  flze<l  Dumb«r  of 
years. 

Wrexham. — Having  cHtablLshod  a  ratfiof  ^d.  per  unit  for 
shopkROfterH.  thus  enabling  them  to  adopt  heating  at  a  competitive 
price,  Mr.  Piokvanoe,  the  borough  eUsctrical  engineer,  recently  HOg- 
gegtcd  a  modiflcfttion  of  the  pr<'tient  aiu<eHHmcnt  tariff  to  th<5  eit*nt 
of  giving  bouHehoMers  an  alternative  to  the  pr*>wnt  charge.  The 
new  rate  is  15  per  cent,  on  the  net  aKHesHment  of  the  house,  and  Jd. 
per  unit  for  all  current  ared.  Taking  an  ordinary  atwcHiment  and 
ordinary  oonsamption  for  lighting.  15  per  cent,  and  Jd.  per  unit 
for  the  current  is,  he  states,  very  little  different  in  its  net  result  to 
the  existing  charge,  which  is  12i  per  cent,  and  a  certain  number  of 
free  units,  with  Id.  per  unit  for  current  used  in  excenH.  The 
advantage,  however,  of  15  per  cent,  and  id-  per  unit  is  that  cooking 
and  heating  may  be  adopted  without  any  fear  whatever  an  to 
large  bills,  and  as  the  department  is  .securing  a  fixed  sum  per  annum 
which  pays  all  standing  charges  comfortably,  the  scale  will  \>e  a 
very  beneficial  one  to  the  undertaking.  The  engineer's  re<;om- 
mendation  was  unanimously  adopted  by  the  Council. 

The  borough  electrical  engineer  submitted,  at  the  meeting  of  the 
T.C.  on  February  25th,  a  letter  from  the  secretary  of  the  Wrexham 
Co-Partnership  Tenants,  Ltd.,  inquiring  whether  the  Corporation 
would  be  prepared  to  supply  electricity  to  the  houses  and  other 
property ,  proposed  to  be  erected  on  land  between  Gresford  and 
Wrexham,  where  they  intended  to  place  a  "garden  city"  close  to 
the  new  Gresford  Colliery.  The  Council  instructed  the  engineer  to 
present  a  detailed  report. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


.4ccriilg"ton. — The  Electricity  Committee  recommends 
that  a  sum  of  £l,.i68,  equal  to  a  rate  of  2d.  in  the  £,  be 
appropriated  from  the  tramways  to  rate  funds  for  the  year 
1913-14. 

Bacnp. — The  capital  cost  of  the  Bacup  Light  Railway 
(tramway  between  Bacup  and  Rochdale)  has  been  agreed  with  the 
Rochdale  Corporation  as  follows  : — Cost  of  the  order  and  agreement, 
£462  ;  permanent  way,  £12,123  ;  oveitead  equipment,  £2,611  ; 
cars,  £4,950;  car-shed,  £1,118;  land,  £76;  total,  £21,342.  It 
was  resolved  that  the  Rochdale  Corporation  be  approached  with  a 
view  to  ascertaining  whether  it  would  be  prepared  to  work  an 
extension  of  the  Bacup  Light  Railway  along  Burnley  Road. 

Bradford, — A  scheme  is  in  progress  of  negotiation  for  the 
establishment  of  a  through  tramway  service  between  Bradford  and 
Dewsbnry.  by  way  of  Batley  and  Birstall.  The  only  through  service 
between  Bradford  and  any  other  town  running  tramways  is  at 
present  that  to  Leeds,  and,  as  in  that  case,  the  gauge  of  the  Bradford 
lines  differs  from  that  of  the  lines  of  the  Heavy  Woollen  District 
Tramways  Co.'s  lines,  with  which  the  junction  will  have  to  be  made  in 
the  service  to  Dewsbury.  It  is  proposed  to  use  special  cars  fitted 
with  the  patent  extensible  axle  invented  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Spencer, 
manager  of  the  Bradford  City  Tramways,  and  which  is  in  use  on 
the  Leeds-Bradford  system.  The  establishment  of  a  through 
service  with  Dewsbury  would  reduce  the  journey  between  the  two 
places  from  50  minutes  to  35. 

The  long-deferred  linking-up  of  the  Bradford  and  Brighouse 
tramways  by  way  of  Wyke  and  Bailiffe  Bridge  is  expected  to  come 
to  fruition  within  the  next  few  weeks,  when  a  stretch  of  7i  miles 
of  hUly  road  will  be  traver?ed.  This  will  be  the  third  point  at 
which  the  Bradford  tramways  will  meet  those  of  Halifax,  the 
others  being  at  Shelf  and  Queensbury.  The  new  line  will,  it  is 
expected,  bring  down  the  exorbitant  railway  charges  of  the  locality. 

Burnley. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  decided  to 
gradually  remove  all  the  centre  pillars,  which  carry  the  trolley 
wires.  It  has  been  recognised  that,  in  view  of  the  constantly 
growing  fast  vehicular  traffic,  these  poles  are  a  source  of  danger. 

Continental  IV'otes. — Ger3Ia>'^'. — By  a  majority  of  a 
single  vote,  a  Special  Committee  of  the  Prussian  Diet  has  decided 
to  allocate  £1,250,000  towards  the  electrification  of  Berlin's  city 
railway  and  circular  system.  The  proposal  to  proceed  at  the  same 
time  with  the  electrification  of  the  suburban  lines  was  defeated  by 
a  large  majority. 

Croydon. — At  the  B.C.  meeting  on  Monday,  20  new 
fare  stages  were  adopted,  of  which  13  were  lid.  distances.  The 
chairman  of  the  Committee  (Councillor  Denning)  explained  that 
this  was  not  a  cutting  of  fares,  the  new  stages  being  niiiform  with' 
the  existing  ones.  A  resolution  for  the  adoption  of  id.  fares  was 
lost  by  a  substantial  majority. 

Dublin. — At  the  half-yearly  meeting  of  the  Dublin  and 

Blessington  Steam  Tramway  Co.,  the  chairman  stated  his  convic- 
tion that  the  electrification  of  the  line  would  immediately  turn  it 
into  a  paying  concern. 

Glasgow. — This  week  the  Tramways  Committee  formaUy 
took  over  the  new  5,000-KW.  tnrbo-alternator  which  has  been  in- 
stalled in  the  Pinkston  power  station  by  Messrs.  Richardfons, 
Westgarth.  The  Corporation  installed  a  turbine  of  3.000  kw.  at 
Pinkston,  and  it,  together  with  the  original  engines,  has  hitherto 
carried  the  whole  load.  The  two  turbines  will  now  do  the  work, 
the  original  engines  being  only  used  in  cases  of  emergency.    The 


.•^84 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW- 


[Vol.  72.     No.  l,8il,  Maech  7,  19in. 


chanff  has  been'brought  about  partly  owinpr  to  the  increased 
demaods  for  tramway  power,  but  it  will  also  add  to  the  efiioiency 
of  the  station,  and  will  effect  a  savine  in  the  consumption  of  coal 
<>»timated  to  amount  to  between  £2,.')00  and  £3,000  per  annum. 
The  new  turbine  and  jrenerator  have  cost  £10.200,  brinping  up 
the  cost  of  the  two  turbines  and  the  electrical  apparatus  to 
£20,40i',  compared  with  £1<»2,000,  which  was  the  cost  of  the 
orieinal  plant. 

The  officials  of  the  T.C.  Tramways  Department  are  lookinjr 
forward  with  hopeful  expectation  to  topping  the  million  pounds 
sterlinu  in  revenue  for  this  financial  j-ear,  which  ends  on  May  31st. 
Confidence  is  lent  the  outlook  as  Ihe  result  of  the  last  quarter's 
tradiner.  which  ended  on  February  28th  ;  the  number  of  passenprers 
carried  from  June  Ist  to  March  Ist  shows  an  increase  of  no  less 
than  28.442.t'i88  over  the  corresponding  total  of  last  year,  the  fipnres 
lieinp  :  1011-12,  200,859,408;  and  1912-13.  229,302.u96.  This 
large  augmentation  is  largely  dne  to  the  doubling  of  the 
:.d.  stages  early  in  the  course  of  the  present  financial  year 
— a  course  which  was  expected  to  bring  down  considerably 
the  aegregate  earnings.  That  this  anticipation  was  not  justified 
is  apparent  from  the  revenue  to  date,  although  it  was 
not  until  about  Christmas  week  that  a  deficiency  was  over- 
come and  finances  began  to  mount.  The  earnings  on  cars  to 
February  28fh  for  the  nine  months  totalled  £743,744  17s.  8d., 
atrainst  £738.5.58  8s.  in  the  corresponding  period  a  year  ago,  an 
increase  of  over  £5,000.  As  tho  weeklj'  drawings  now  average 
over  £19,000,  the  million  of  income  is,  as  stated,  looked  upon  as 
Bur?,  there  being  still  13  weeks  to  go. 

As  reported  rccontlv  in  the  Rkview,  Glasgow  T.C.  is  exercised 
over  the  question  of  providing  better  faeilities  of  access  between 
the  north  and  the  south  banks  of  the  Clyde,  and  the  Tramways 
Department  of  the  Corporation,  recognising  that  the  cars  contri- 
bute to  the  congestion  in  the  main  traffic  arteries,  have  verbally 
offered  to  share  in  the  cost  of  erection  of  a  new  and  suitable  bridge. 
The  matter  was  remitted  to  the  various  Committees  whoee  interests 
were  involved,  and  this  week  the  Tramways  Committee  appointed 
members  to  represent  it  in  negotiations. 

Hnddersfield. — (ireat  keenness  is  shown  by  the  town- 
ships of  Elland  and  Greetland  for  the  carrying  out  by  the  Corpora- 
tion of  the  proposed  electric  tramway  along  Long  Wall.  The 
Huddersfield  authorities,  however,  appear  to  be  having  some  diffi- 
culty with  the  County  CouncU,  which  has  submitted  long  clauses 
to  Huddersfield.  including  one  for  the  widening  of  the  way  known 
as  Long  Wall,  an  undertaking  which  would  cost  £3,000,  quite  apart 
from  certain  points  of  land  ownership  which  might  arise.  The 
Greetland  Council  has  written  urging  the  county  authorities  to  be 
as  lenient  as  possible,  and  it  appears  likely  that  Greetland  and  Elland 
will  combine  in  support  of  Huddersfield. 

India. — In  connection  with  the  electrification  schenoes 
which  the  Indian  railway  authorities  are  understood  to  have  placed 
before  Mr.  C.  H.  Jlerz,  the  following  projects  have  been  under  con- 
sideration : — 

1.  The  electrification  of  the  Bombay  suburban  lines  of  the  Great 
Indian  Peninsula  and  Bombay,  Baroda  and  Central  India  Rail- 
ways. The  network  here  involved  is  anything  from  50  to  100 
miles  of  track. 

2.  The  electrification  of  the  Calcutta  enburban  lines  of  the 
Eastern  Bengal  State  Railway  ;  the  conversion  of  from  20  to  40 
miles  of  track  i«  contemplated  in  the  first  instance. 

3.  The  conversion  of  the  Ghstz  (main  line)  section  of  the  Great 
Indian  Peninsula  Railway,  involving  some  30  miles  of  track. 
This  scheme  would  be  of  special  engineering  interest,  as  the  nature 
of  the  Gha'z  inclines  has  always  provided  locomotive  and  traffic 
working  problems  of  great  difficulty. 

4.  The  electrification  of  the  Karachi  Port  Trust  Railways. 

5.  Mr.  M^rz  was  also  consulted  by  the  authorities  of  the  Ceylon 
Government  Railways,  but  no  details  are  so  far  available  in  this 
matter.  It  may,  however,  be  pointed  out  in  this  connection  that 
by  means  of  a  big  engineering  scheme,  involving  extensive  bridge- 
work,  the  railways  of  Ceylon  are  now  being  linked  up  with  those  of 
India,  so  that  a  decision  to  electrify  the  lines  in  the  south  of  the 
mainland  would  not  be  without  a  bearing  on  the  future  of  the 
Sinhalese  Railways. 

Lancaster. — In  propoeing  at  the  T.C.  the  adoption  of  the 
minutes  of  the  Tramways  Committee,  Mr.  J.  Wilkinson  referred 
to  the  gratifying  increase  in  the  traffic  returns,  and  stated  that,  if 
they  had  more  top-decked  cars,  the  Committee  believed  the  increase 
would  be  still  gieater. 

Leeds. — The  City  Council  at  its  meeting  on  Wednesday 
was  asked  to  approve  a  re-^olution  of  the  Tramways  and  Electricity 
(  nmmi.ttee  to  adopt  a  plan  for  buildings  for  a  tramway  depot  and 
offices,  and  a  club  for  the  men,  upon  land  in  Sovereign  Street,  at  an 
estimated  cost  of  £22,000. 

Leyton. — The  purchase  of  an  electric  wat(;ring  van  is 
under  the  consideration  of  the  Council.  The  cost  of  the  vehicle, 
A'ith  a  1,800-gftllon  capacity,  is  put  at  £770. 

Liverpool.— Sanction  has  )icen  veceived'trom  the  B.  of  T. 

to  the  borrowing  of  £f  ,000  for  the  provision  of  additional  tramway 
cars-- ...:--  -        ■■  -  ..'- . 

Llandudno. — -The  receipts  of  the  Great  Orine  tramways 
for  the  half-year  amounted  to  £1,7+7 — the  highest  On  record  ;  the 
not  profit  waa  £983,  and  the  number  of  passengers  carried  was 

61  ?29. 


Xewcastle-on-Tyne. — A  collision  of  a  rather  serious 
character — over  30  passengers  being  more  or  less  injured — occurred 
on  the  Xorth-lCastem  Co.'s  electrical  lines  at  Manors  Station  on 
Saturday  morning.  The  accident  was  due  to  a  following  steam 
train,  and  of  no  aw^onnt  electrically,  except  as  regards  the  reported 
short-circuiting  of  the  live  rail,  which  apparently  did  not  lead  to  fire. 
A  second  accident  occurred  later  about  a  mile  away,  when  an 
electric  train  jumped  the  points  without  apparent  damage  to  itself, 
and  blocked  three  tracks  for  some  time. 

(|uinton.  —  The  Light  Railway  Commissioners  on 
FebriKiry  2(')th  held  an  inquiry  into  the  application  of  the  Birming- 
ham T.C.  for  powers  to  construct  a  light  railway  at  Qainton,  which 
will  unite  the  systems  between  the  city  boundary  and  Halesowen. 
There  was  no  opposition. 

Salford. — Ten  combination  tranicars  are  to  be  dismantled, 
and  tenders  invited  for  the  supply  of  car  bodies  and  trucks,  to  be 
fitted  with  the  electrical  eqnipment  taken  from  the  combination 
cars.  Application  is  to  be  made  to  the  L.G  B.  for  sanction  to  borrow 
£700  to  cover  the  cost  of  the  installation  of  filtration  plant  at  the 
electricity  station. 

South  Africa. — Although  a  somewhat  belated  move  has 
now  been  made  to  carry  out  the  ratepayers'  mandate  in  regard  to  the 
railless  traction  scheme  for  Bloemfontein,  some  considerable  time 
must  necessarily  elapse  still  before  the  city  possesses  a  fully  equipped 
system.  It  is.  of  course,  impossible  to  specify  a  given  time  in 
which  the  system  will  be  completed,  but  it  is  hoped  that  the  work 
will  be  practically  completed  at  the  expiration  of  a  period  of  six 
months  from  the  time  vhen  operations  are  commenced  in  earnest. 
To  facilitate  the  work,  much  depends,  of  conrse,  on  the  condition 
of  the  city's  thoroughfares  through  which  the  tramways  will  pass. 
At  present  the  majority  of  the  streets  are  in  a  deplorable  condition, 
and  it  is  urged  that  matters  could  be  facilitated  very  considerably 
by  this  question  being  taken  in  hand  at  once,  and  a  substantial  vote 
being  given  now  towards  a  thorough  and  much-needed  overhauling 
of  the  city's  streets. 

South  Shields. — Mr.  W.  T.  Kobson,  the  manager  of  the 
Corporation  tramways,  has  submitted  a  report  to  the  Committee 
recommending  that  a  Id.  fare  be  adopted  generally  on  the  system. 
It  is  pointed  out  that  in  the  receipts  for  1912  Id.  fares  represented 
S4'68  per  cent,  of  the  whole  total,  and  1  Jd.  fares  4'08  per  cent.,  the 
balance  being  made  up  of  children's,  workmen's  and  return  tickets. 
As  the  percentage  of  Ijd.  fares  was  so  low,  a^^d  taking  into  con- 
sideration the  probable  increase  of  passengers  if  the  reduction  were 
made,  he  does  not  think  the  receipts  would  suffer.  The  Tramwa:^8 
Committee,  after  consideration  of  the  report  decided  to  recommend 
the  Council  to  adopt  a  universal  system  of  Id.  fares,  with  the 
following  scale  of  fares  : — Id.  single  ticket.  Jd.  single  ticket  for 
children.  Id.  return  ticket  for  workmen  if  issned  before  8  45  a.m., 
2d.  double  return  ticket  for  workmen  if  issued  before  8.45  a.m..  the 
first  return  half  and  the  second  outward  half  being  available 
between  11  a.m.  and  2  p.m.  In  each  case  the  single  journey  to  be 
limited  to  the  present  lid.  distances. 

Tasmania, — The  Hobart  ratepayers  recently  cast  3,139 

votes  in  favour  and  905  against  purchasing  the  business  of  the 
Hobart  Electric  Tramway  Co.,  for  £210,000.  The  company  is  a 
British  one.  and  owns  9  miles  of  tramways. 

Todinorden. — At  the  T.C.  meeting  on  February  27th 
there  was  a  lively  discussion  on  the  motor-'bus  undertaking  and  the 
proposal  of  the  Motor-'Buses  Committee  to  issue  workmen's  fares 
at  2.'^  per  cent,  below  ordinary  prices.  Alderman  Dawson  said  that 
during  the  si.v  years  the  'buses  had  been  on  the  roads  there  had 
been  a  total  loss  of  £8,000,  in  spite  of  help  from  the  profits  on  the  ■ 
gas  undertaking.  Yet  it  was  now  proposed  to  increase  the  plant 
and  reduce  the  fares.  Councillor  Holgate  contended  that  the  'buses 
should  be  run  more  for  public  converience  than  profit.  Councillor 
Wordsworth  said  the  proposal  for  workmen's  cheap  fares  had  been 
nn  the  carpet  for  two  years,  and  it  waa  time  the  Corporation  did 
something.  The  minutes  embodying  the  proposal  and  the  Com- 
mittee's recommendation  to  purchase  two  more  'bus  bodies  were 
adopted. 

L'.S.  4, — A  definite  plan  has  at  last  been  formulated  with 
a  view  to  consolidating  all  the  surface  and  elevated  traction 
companies  in  Chicago.  The  bodies  financially  interested  have  laid  a 
proposition  before  the  city  authorities  which  will  probably  be 
subjected  to  a  referendum  vote  in  April  next.  The  total  surface  and 
elevated  traction  mileage  in  Chicago  is  about  1,070,  all  of  which  la 
electrically  operated.  The  elevated  railway  companies  are  already 
consolidated,  and  have  a  total  property  value  of  £15,000.000;  the 
total  capital  account  of  the  surface  companies  is  about  £28,000,000. 
It  is  proposed  to  issue  free  transfers  between  any  of  the  lines  in 
return  for  a  5-cent  fare  between  any  two  points  within  the 
city  limits.  Subways  are  ultimately  to  be  provided  for  rapid 
transit  to  all  parts  of  the  city,  and  the  elevated  railways  are  to  be 
given  access  to  a  subway  svsteiii,  the  \uiion  elevated  loop  being 
then  removed. 

The  financial  sections  o^  the  scheme  provide  that  6  per  cent, 
interest  shall  be  paid  on  the  capital  account  of  the  properties  after 
paying  operating  expenses.  'SVhen  the  subway  for  the  elevated 
trains  ie  complete.  7  per  cent,  interest  is  to  be-  paid  on  the  gross 
total  capital  account.  After  this  7  per  cent.-has  been  deducted,  the 
remaining  profit  is  tot  be  divided  between  the  City  and  the  consoli- 
dated company  in  the  proportion  7  :  3.  The  greater  part  of  the 
interest  allowances  will  go  to  the  5  per  cent,  bonds  outstanding  and 
yet  to  be  issued.  The  remainder  and  the  company's  share  of  the 
surplus  profits  will  go  towardi  the  payment  of  dividends  and  retire 


Vol.72.  No.  i,H4i,  MAHou  7.  lom.j         THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


885 


the  stookB  of  the  company.  Tho  city 'h  share  will  be  uHed  to  wipe 
out  the  companioH'  bondH  now  iHHued,  and  yot  to  be  iHnuod  for 
extenwonB  iiik]  iiiiprovomcnts,  no  thatnftfr  10  or  fio  ypiirH  tho  wholii 
iystcm  of  oonHolidftU'd  pvirfnofl  and  clcvatod  rnilwnjH  and  nubways 
will  come  into  the  (!ity'n  poHmwHion  freo  of  tsncumbranoo.  The  city 
iiuthoritirB  arc  to  have  tho  ritrht  of  (Lssninint;  ownorHliip  at  any  timo 
hy  paying  oll'thu  capital  account  pluH  10  per  cent.  It  in  HU|;K'ei«t<^<l 
that  a  Joint  Hoard  of  Control  bo  appointed  to  rof^ulule  the  operation 
and  extension  of  tho  pyxteni. — Eliu-hical  Jlrr'nw  and  Wr.itcni 
Hlrrtririiiii. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Canada. — An  American  OonsuIJn  Prince  Edward  Island, 
reports  that  iinportnnt  improvements  are  beine  made  in  the  tele- 
irraph  service  there.  A  new  multiple  cable  is  to  be  laid  across 
Northumberland  Strait  to  supplement  the  present  cable  connecting- 
Prince  Edward  Island  with  the  mainland,  and  will  cost  approxi- 
mately £9,000.  In  addition  to  two  telog:raph  wirec,  the  new 
cable  will  provide  permanent  telephonic  communication  across  the 
strait.    There  are  2S  ttlcgraph  offices  upon  the  i-land. 

China. — The  Chinese  Department  of  Communications  is 
reported  to  have  decided  to  establish  a  wireless  telfprnph  station 
at  Woosuufr.  The  apparatus  will  be  capable  of  communicating  in 
the  daytime  within  a  radius  of  1,200  miles. 

Imperial   Wireless    System. — Mr.    (ieorge    Ualfour, 

prospective  Unionist  candidate  for  Govan,  in  the  course  of  an 
address,  referred  to  the  Marconi  inquiry.  He  said  he  was  not 
entitled  to  say  a  word  about  the  grrave  rumours  that  were  in 
circulation  regardinp:  certain  of  II. M.  Ministers,  but  he  was  entitled 
to  say  something  reg'ardin<r  the  manner  in  which  His  Majesty's 
Ministers  were  dealing:  with  these  accusations.  The  Government 
had  appointed  a  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons.  That 
Select  Committee  was  necessarily  a  partisan  Committee.  That 
meant  that  the  majority  of  its  members  were  supporters  of  these 
very  Cabinet  Ministers  who  were  involved  in  the  accusations,  while 
the  minority  was  composed  of  their  opponents.  It  was  not  pood 
that  there  sliould  be  partisanship  at  all.  The  way  to  deal  with  the 
matter  was  not  to  appoint  a  Select  Committee,  but  a  Select  Com- 
mission, and  because  of  the  judicial  minds  of  the  men  composingr  it 
they  would,  as  upright  men,  give  their  verdict  free  from  bias. 
He  asserted  emphatically  that  the  Government  had  failed  absolutely 
in  its  duty  in  this  respect. 

International  Radiotelegraphic  Convention. — The 

United  States  Senate  has  pafsed  a  resolution  approving  of  the 
Convention  signed  in  London  in  .luly  last  year. 

London-Berlin  Telephony.  —  Successful    experiments 

have  been  carried  out  in  communication  by  telephone  between 
London  and  Berlin,  rut  St.  Margaret's  Bay  and  La  Panne  in 
Belgium.  The  length  of  submarine  cable  in  circuit  was  tiO  milep, 
and  the  total  length  of  line  nearly  700  miles.  It  is  hoped  that  a 
regular  service  will  be  provided  before  long 

.\ew  Wireless  Stations. — Amongst  other  new  stations 
ordered  from  the  Marconi  Co.  is  one  of  30  Kw.  for  the  Italian 
Government,  to  be  erected  in  Eritrea.  The  Portuguese  Govern- 
ment has  ordered  five  land  etatione,  for  Lisbon,  St.  Miguel, 
Funchal,  St.  Vincent,  and  Oporto  ;  the  Brazilian  Government, 
four  land  stations  of  25  and  15  KW.,  for  naval  purposes  ;  the 
British  Government,  a  station  for  Valentia,  in  Ireland  ;  and 
numerous  orders  have  been  placed  for  smaller  sets,  as  well  as  for 
the  customary  IJ-KW.  set  and  emergency  set,  for  use  on 
board  ship. 

Peru. — A  proposal  is  before  Congress  to  devote  £17,750 
to  the  construction  of  two  wireless  telegraph  stations  on  the  north 
and  south  coasts  of  the  country  respectively. —  The  3furconigrajih. 

Telephony    in    Mines. — A   Bochum    engineer,  named 

.Joseph  Reineke,  has  devised  a  wirelees  telephone  system  for  use  in 
mines,  on  original  lines.  The  system  has  been  at  work  for  the 
past  four  months  with  success  in  the  "  Carolinengliick "  colliery 
at  Boohnm-Hamm,  and  the  "  Minster-Stein  "  mine  is  now  being 
fitted  with  a  similar  equipment. — Zeit.  filr  Sekivackxtromfec/oiik. 

Wireless  Time  Service. — According  to  The  Marconi- 
graph,  the  German  Imperial  Pest  Office  is  about  to  attempt  to 
carry  out  a  scheme  for  controlling  public  clocks  throughout  the 
whole  country  by  means  of  wireless  signals  sent  out  from  the  big 
station  in  Fulda,  once  every  minute. 

The  "  Wireless  World."— This  is  to  be  the  new  title  of 

the  journal  hitherto  known  as  the  Marconifiroph,  the  organ  of  the 
multifarious  interests  which  have  grown  up  on  the  foundation  laid 
by  Mr.  Marconi.  The  new  magazine  will  be  larger  than  its  pre- 
decessor, and  it  will  deal  with  everything  of  interest  in  the  world 
of  wfreless  telegraphy.  The  first  issue,  in  April,  1911,  consisted  of 
16  pages  ;  12  months  later  it  comprised  52  pages,  and  the  WircTens 
World  will  contain  96  pages.  It  will  appear  once  a  month,  and 
will  be  "never  at  any  time  abetrusely  technical,"  but  will  aim 
always  to  interest  the  general  public.     \N'e  wish  it  all  success. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN.  .  , 

Aberaman.— Miinh    loth.      Kiectrical    jroodH.    for   th*- 

directors   of    tho    Powell    DulTryn    Stsam    ('oal    Co.,    Ltd.      fitoriw 
Manager,  Aberamnn,  near  AlK-rdarc. 

Australia.— April  Mth.  II. M.  Trade  (Joniinisfiioner  for 
Australia  reports  that  tcndcrM  are  invited  for  plant  required  to 
generate  three-phnse  current  lor  the  highi)ow<T  radio- telegraph 
station  at  Darwen,  Northern  Territory,  and  for  lighting  and  power 
purpoHCS  in  the  neighbourhood.  For  further  porticularH  see  thin 
column  and  ''Official  Notices     last  week. 

itclfast — March  12th.  The  Harl>our  CommiKsionersan; 
inviting  tenders  for  four  6-ton  electric  gantry  cranes  for  the  Oneen  n 
Quay  and  Abercorn  Basin  Quay.  Specifications,  kc,  from  the  Har- 
bour engineer,  .'Mr.  W.  Redfern  Kelly,  Belfast. 

Birmingham.— ]\rarch  nth.  Additional  rolling  Btock 
(electric  tramway  cars)  for  the  Tramways  Department.  Mr.  A. 
Baker,  general  manager,  Tramway  Offices,  Council  House,  Congreve 
Street.    (Deposit  £2.) 

Bridgend.— March  21st.  One  400-k.v.a.  steam  alternator 
and  accessories,  for  the  U.D.C.     See  "Official  Notices"  Feb.  28th. 

Brighton.— March  10th.  Storage  battery  (800  amp.- 
hours)  for  the  T.C.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  February  28th. 

Burnley.— March  lOth.  Electrical  work  for  the  B.  of  G. 
for  fix  months.    Mr.  .1.  S.  Horn,  clerk,  Union  Offices. 

Chile.— September  1 0th.  The  Harbour  Works  authorities 
at  Valparaiso  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  establishment  of  a 
central  generating  station  for  the  supply  of  electricity  for  lighting 
and  power  purposes  at  the  port. 

Colchester.- March  lOth.  Sundry  stores  for  the  Cor- 
poration Electricity  Department.  Mr.  W.  Frifcby,  electrical  engin- 
eer, Osborne  Street. 

Croydon. — March  Slst.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the  Cor- 
poration Electricity  Department.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  Feb.  21st. 

Dover.— Mapch  12tb.  Electrical  sundries  and  cables,  for 
a  year,  for  the  Harbour  Board.  Mr.  Martyn  Mowll,  registrar. 
Castle  Street. 

Dun dalk.— March  24th.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the 
U.D.C.  Electricity  Department.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Dundee, — The  Corporation  invites  tenders  for  the  con- 
struction of  a  brick  chimney,  and  for  the  supply,  delivery  and  erec- 
tion, complete,  of  structural  steel  work  for  extensions  to  Carolina 
Port  generating  station.  Mr.  H.  Richardson,  general  manager  and 
engineer. 

Eastbourne. — March  lOth.  Combined  coal  elevator  and 
conveyor  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  February  2Sth. 

(liermany.  —  Muxstkk.  —  ilarch  irith.  Tenders  .ire 
invited  for  the  sufiply,  erection  and  setting  at  work  of  five  electric 
travelling  cranes  of  SO.OOO  kg.  lifting  capacity  for  the  new  loco- 
motive workshops  at  Osnabriick.  Particulars,  enclosing  postage 
(rno  marks),  from  the  Konigliche  Eisenbahndirektion,  Miinster, 
Westphalia. 

PosEN.— March  17th.  Supply  of  22,100  metres  of  paper-insulated 
cable.  Particulars,  enclosing  postage,  from  the  Konigliche  Eisen- 
bahndirektion, Posen. 

Heckmond^l'ilie. — Maintenance  and  repair  of  electric 
tire  alarms,  for  the  U.D.C.    The  Surveyor. 

Heston    and    Isleworth— March    8th.      Stores    and 

materials  for  a  year,  for  the  U.D.C.  electricity  department.     See 
"  Official  Notices  "  February  21st. 

India. — March  14th.  Motors,  Iransfortner  and  motor- 
generator,  for  the  B.B.  and  C.I.  Railway.  See  "Official  Notices  ^^ 
February  21st. 

Liverpool. — March  10th.  Electrical  fittings  for  a  year, 
for  the  Select  Vestry.    Mr.  C.  W.  Coster,  clerk,  Brownlow  Hill. 

London.— L.C.C.— March  19th.  Electrical  installation 
at  the  Victory  Place  elementary  school,  Walworth,  SK .  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

It  is  proposed  that  during  the  recess,  the  Highways  Committee 
shall  have  authority  to  open  any  tenders  that  may  l^e  received"  for 
the  construction  of  the  authorised  conduit  tramways  from  CatfQrd 
to  Southend.  !«/  Bromley  Road, '-and- the  reconstruction  of  the 
existing  horse  tramways  from  Chapel  Street  to  Nile  Street,  Woolwich. 

Mile  End.— March"20lb.  Re-wiring  wards,  A:c.,  at  the  Infirmary, 
for  the  Guardians.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 


386 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,841,  March  7,  191.i. 


Accordiuir  to  an  atmouacement  in  a  daily  paper,  estimate,  plan 
and  drawings  are  invited  for  the  followinir  for  the  Anfrlo-German 
Exhibition,  Crystal  Palace,  1913  : — A  lieht  electric  railway,  con- 
necting from  the  Low  Level  entrance  to  the  Crystal  Palace  Terrace. 
*  Two  escalators  from  the  Terrace  to  the  main  building  of  the 
Crystal  Palace.  Offices  of  the  Anglo-German  Exhibition,  Empire 
House,  Piccadilly,  W. 

llaooleslield. — March   llth.     Electrical  goods  for  the 

Cheshire  County  Asylum,  Parkside.  Mr.  Wm.  Tingay,  clerk  of 
the  Asylum. 

Manchester. — March  12th.  High-pressure  steam  and 
feed  pipes  for  the  Electricity  Committee.  Mr.  F.  E.  Hughes, 
secretary.  Electricity  Department,  Town  Hall.  Deposit  £1  Is. 
returnable. 

Xorway. — March  15th.  Town  Council  of  Narvik. 
10  tons  of  electrolytic  copper  wire.  Tenders  for  delivery  c.i.f. 
Narvik  received  at  "Narvik  formandskab,"  Narvik,  North  Norway. 
Further  particulars  from  Hr.  Per  Laraen,  engineer,  Hamar. 
Norway.     Xo  special  form  of  tender  is  required. 

PortsiliOUtli. — ^larch  l«th.  Stores  and  materials  for  a 
year,  for  the  Corporation  Tramways  Department.  See  "Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

Pontypridd. — March  17th.  Tramway-men's  uniforms 
for  the  U'.D.C.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  February  2Sth. 

Southampton. — March  10th.  Cable  for  the  Corpora- 
tion Electricity  Department.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Soath  Shields. — March  lOth.  Stores  for  a  year  for  the 
Corporation  Elerstricity  Supply  Department.  Mr.  H.  S.  Ellis,  elec- 
trical engineer.  Mill  Dam. 

Spain. — The  municipal  authorities  of  Banolas  (province 
of  Gerona)  have  just  invited  tenders  for  the  concession  for  the 
electric  lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period  of  three  years. 

Smndon. — March  8th.  General  stores  and  materials  for 
a  year,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  and.  tramways  departments. 
See  "Official  Notices"  February  14th. 

March  10th. — One  500-K\v.  mixed-pressure  turbine  and  con- 
densing plant,  boUer  feed  pump  and  pipework,  and  one  switchboard 
panel  and  cables,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  Official  Notices " 
February  14th. 

March  20th. — The  Standing  Joint  Committee  of  the  Wilts  County 
Council  invite  tenders  for  work  in  connection  with  the  installation 
of  electric  light  at  the  Old  County  Police  Station,  Swindon.  Plans 
and  specification  and  form  of  tender  from  County  Surveyor's  Office, 
Swindon. 

Swiuton  and  Pendlebury. — March  lOth.    One  2.^-k\v. 

transformer  and  switchboard,  main  along  Chatsworth  Road,  and 
annual  supply  of  materials,  for  the  U.D.C.  Electricity  Department. 
Hee  "Official  Notices"  February  21st. 

L'ra^ay. — March  29th.  Five  electric  gantry  cranes 
for  Customs  warehouses  at  Monte  Video.  B.  of  T.  C.I.  Depart- 
ment in  London. 

Wallasey. — March  15th.  Fuel  oil  (400  tons)  for  a  year, 
for  the  Corporation  electricity  department.  Mr.  J.  A.  Crowther, 
electrical  engineer,  Seaview  Road,  Liscard. 

War  Office. — Cables,  electrical  stores,  iron  telegraph 
polee,  kc.    See  "  Official  Notices"  February  28th. 

York. — March  10th.  One  8,000-KW.  turbo-alternator, 
with  condensing  plant,  pipework  and  switchboard,  water-tube 
boilers  with  chain-grate  stokers,  kc,  storage  battery  and  h.t.  cables, 
for  the  Corporation.    See  "Official  Notices"  February  21st. 


CLOSED. 

Accring;tOD. — The  Tramways  Department  has  accepted 
the  tender  of  Messrs.  Briggs,  .Tones  4:  Gibson,  for  the  supply  of 
uniform  clothing,  and  that  of  Messrs.  LeSet  &  Co.  for  caps. 

Australia. — The  following  contracts  have  been  placed  : — 
Victoria.— P.M.G. 

Three  combined  Gardner  oil  engines  and  generators  (a)  one  for  Thursday 
Island  and  (b)  two  for  Port  Moresby  (Papua)  wireless  telegraph  stations, 
(n)  £283,  (6)  £2ti  each.— Nojes  Bros. 

Syd.nev.— P.M.G. 

Glazed  earthenware  conduit,  4.000  ft.— Brunswick  Brick,  Tile  and  Pottery 

Works,  Ltd.    Ditto  (about  22,000  ft.).— Mills  A  Co. 
One  X  absorber,  £160.— Maritime  Wireless  Co.  (Shaw  System),  Ltd. 

Victorian  Railway?. — 

Telephone  cable.— Automatic  Telephones  (Australia),  Ltd. 

— Australian  Mining  Standarii. 

SYDSEY.^The  City  Council  Finance  Committee  recommended 
the  acceptance  of  the  tender  of  the  Australian  Metal  Co.,  Ltd.,  for 
the  supply  of  motors  for  refrigerating  plant  at  the  Fruit  Markets, 


at  £2,742.  The  tenders  of  the  Vacuum  Oil  Co.,  the  British 
Imperial  Oil  Co.  and  the  Pacific  Oil  Co.  for  oils  were  recommended. 
The  Electric  Light  Committee  recommended  the  following  : — Time 
limit  relays.  Noyes  Bros.,  £306 ;  arc  lamp  contact,  i:c.,  gear, 
Laurence  &  Hanson  Co.,  £214. — Tenders. 

Belirinm. — La  Societ(j  des  Ateliers  de  Construction  Elec- 
triques  de  Charleroi  submitted  the  lowest  tender  last  week  for  the 
establishment  of  an  electric  lighting  installation  in  the  Royal 
Palace  at  Laeken,  near  Brussels. 

Birkenhead. — Messrs.  Chamberlain  &  Hookham's  tender 

for  D.c.  meters  has  been  accepted  by  the  Council. 

Birminehaiu. — Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works, 
Ltd.,  have  obtained  a  contract  for  the  supply  of  tantalum  traction 
lamps  for  the  lighting  equipment  of  the  whole  of  the  cars  on  the 
Corporation  tramways  system  for  the  ensuing  12  months.  During 
this  period,  it  is  anticipated  that  a  quantity  of  some  20,000  lamps 
will  be  required. 

Bolton. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the 
following  tenders  in  connection  with  the  new  Back-o'-the-Bank 
generating  station  : — 

John  MusRrave  &  Sons,  Ltd.— Two  turbo-alternators  of  4,000  kw.  each. 

Bab(ock  &  Wilcox,  Ltd.— Four  water-tube  boilers  including  superheaters 
and  stokers. 

Green  &  Son.— Four  sets  of  economisers. 

China. — It  is  reported  that  a  German  company  at 
Shanghai  has  contracted  with  a  Chinese  syndicate  for  the  supply  of 
electricity  for  lighting  purposes  at  Wuchang. 

Dartford. — The  tender  of  the  Premier  Accumulator  Co.,  _ 
Ltd.,  has  been  accepted  by  the  U.D.C,  at  £723,  for  the  supply  of  a" 
battery,  and  for  the  maintenance  of  same  for  10  years,  at  £66  per 
annum. 

Derby. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
C.  A.  Parsons  A:  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  turbo-alternator,  at  £7,292. 

Dewsbury. — The  Corporation  has  accepted  the  tender 
of  Messrs.  Ferranti,  Ltd.,  for  a  switch  panel  for  the  turbine 
generator  at  the  elecliricity  works,  at  £266,  and  that  of  the  Union 
Cable  Co.,  for  fire-proof  cable,  at  £114. 

Eccles. — The  Corporation  Public  Lighting  and  Electricity 
Committee  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Mr.  J.  F.  Heys  for  trench- 
cutting  and  cable-laying  for  12  months. 

The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  quotation  of  the  London  Electric  Firm 
for  the  supply  of  13  sets  of  hoists  and  lowering-gear  for  the  four- 
light  clusters  to  be  fixed  on  the  tramway  centre  poles  in  Church 
Street  and  Liverpool  Road,  at  £2  lits.  .jd.  per  set. 

Glasgow. — The    T.C.'s    Committee  on  Tramways    has 

recommended  the  acceptance  of  the  following  : — 

steel  step  treads. — H.  *  F.  Bonten,  Lid. 

Armature  coils. — British  Westinghouse  Electric,  &c.,  Co.,  Ltd. 

Scrap— (»)  copper  and  lead.-  P.  &  W.  MacLellan,  Ltd. 

(h)  brass,  and  (<•)  copper  and  mica  turnings  and  zinc— Pegler  Bros, 
and  Co. 

((()  brass  dust.— E.  M.  Easdale  &  Co. 

(f)  rubber.— City  Waste  Rubber  Co. 

(;')  cable.— Ballardic,  Holden  &  Co. 

Kidderminster. — The  B.G,  has  accepted  the  tender  of 

the  Birmingham  Telephone  Co.  for  the  installation  aiii  main- 
tenance of  telephones  in  the  Workhouse. 

Kingston-on-Thames. — The    T.C.    has    accepted    the 

tender  of  the  Craigpark  Electric  Cable  Co.  for  110  yd.  of  '2  sq.  in. 
high-tension  concentric  lead-sheathed  and  armoured  cable,  at  £52, 
this  being  the  lowest  of  seven  tenders  ;  and  that  of  the  British 
Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  Tirrill  regulator  complete,  at 
£150.  The  Council  has  also  accepted  the  tender  of  the  Anglo- 
American  Oil  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  up  to  20  tons  of  fuel  oil  for  the  elec- 
tricity works,  at  £4  Ss.  6d.  per  ton. 

Leyton.— The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  following  tenders 

for  annual  supplies  : — 

Oliver  Arc  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.— Carbons  tor  lamps  of  own  make,  £%  14s.  6d. 

per  1.000  pairs. 
Johnson  &  Phillips.— Second  grade  carbons,  £3  Ss.  6d.  per  1,000  pairs. 
WakeHeld  &  Co.-Oil. 
R.  Todd.— Service  line  cable. 

Liverpool. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
Worthington  Pump  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  supply  and  erection  of  four 
cooling  towers  at  the  Lister  Drive  power  station.  The  following 
tenders  have  also  been  accepted  for  annual  supplies : — 

Insulated  cables  and  wires.— Liverpool  Electric  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. ;  Anchor 
Cable  Co.,  Ltd. 

Metal-aiament  lamps  —The  Gabriel  Lamp  Co. 

Carbon-filament  lamps.— Electrical  Co.,  Ltil. 

Carbons  for  are  lamps.— Wm.  Gcipel  &  Co. 

Cables  and  accessories  for  mains  (three  years'  coDlraot).— Callender's  Cable 
and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd. 

London. — L.C.C. — The  Asylums  Committee  has  accepted 

the  following  tenders  for  stores  : — 

Electrical  sundries.- General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. ;  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo 

Works,   Ltd. ;    Veritys,   Ltd. ;    McLoUan  &  Co. ;   Cox- Walkers,  Ltd. ; 

Edison  (c  Swan  United  E.L.  Co.,  Ltd. ;  Falk,  Stadelmann  &  Co. 
Electric  lamps.— Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd. ;  B.T.H    Co. ;  and 

G.E.  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  Stores  and  Contracts  Committee  have  placed  contracts  for 
electric  carbons  with  Messrs.  W.  Gelpel  &  Co.  and  Messrs.  H.  G. 
Mayer  A:  Co. 


Vol.  72.   No.  i.Kii,  maboh  7.  1918.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


8fc7 


After  tliriM'  inoiilliM  catiHractory  trial,  wliidi  liii.-*  »liowii  that  :i 
HuviiiK  In  laljoiir  ainouiiliiiif  to  £10(1  a  year  will  In,'  ctfcotcd  lliercliy, 
an  adciinp;  machiiui  is  to  bo  jiiirohaHed  from  tlm  Kiirroiif^'liH  .AddiiH' 
Maohiiio  (!o.,  l-td.,  for  £15:1,  for  uho  in  the  traniwayH  departmtmt. 

The  tenders  received  for  three  I,r){l0-K\v,  rotary  oonvcrterH  for 
the  Shoreditch  tramway  Hiibstation  were  :    ■ 

Dick,  Kerr  &  Co..  Ltd (accfipteiDl'B.taa 

BritiHli  WpHliiiKhouae  do  ,  Ltd H,7I11 

Qoiicral  Kloolrir  Co.,  Ltd it.H.'i 

EBtliimtf  of  Chief  Olllcor 7,1K)0 

The  Cominitteo  Hays  that  the  tenders  are  "subject  to  general 
conditions  laid  down  by  the  15  E.  and  A.M. A.,"  but  it  sees  "no 
objection  thereto,  provided  the  conditions  in  riuestion  arc  not 
materially  at  variance  with  the  general  conditions  in  the  Council's 
form  of  contract." 

For  the  wirinjf  of  the  Camberwell  and  Cressy  Road  car-sheds  the 
tenders  were  as  follows  :  — 

Williams  &  Bach                                (reocinniended)  £i,UO 

HllentriniU  InstnllationR,  Ltd.          9,146 

O.  K.Taylor  i  Co 2,1>16 

O.  Weston  &  Sons,  Ltd 9,573 

Lund  Bros.  &  Co 2,623 

L.  G.Tato&Co 2,6H,S 

Tilloy  Bros 9,097 

W.  C.  Tackley  A  Co.,  Ltd »,07H 

Kstiniate  of  Chief  Officer 2,080 

An  agreement  is  to  be  entered  into  with  Messrs.  Thermit,  Ltd., 
for  the  supply  of  welded  rail  joints,  at  19s.  (id.  each,  during  the 
year. 

Tenders  received  for  four  towers  for  fitting  to  existirg  motor 
wagons  were  : 

Watlington  &  Co.,  Ltd ..  (i-tconimended)  f  2'J2 

Peter  boswtll  &  Sons 879 

Bayley's,  Ltd 604 

Four  hydraulic  pit  jacks  for  Camberwell  car-shed  were  tendered 
for  thus  : — 

^atlonal  Rail  and  Tramway  Appliances  Co.,  Ltd. 

(recommended)  £36  10  each 
Buck  &  Hiclfman,  Ltd 89    0     ,, 

For  smiths'  hearths  and  exhaust  and  blower  fans  for  the  Leven 
Road,  Poplar,  and  Battersea  Wharf  permanent  way  depots  the 
tenders  were  :  — 

Alldays  &  Onions  Pneumatic  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd. 

(reconim'nded)£109 

Standard  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd 167 

Go.  Hatcli,  Ltd I'i7 

Davidson  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (fans  only)      ..        BO 

„  ,,  ,,  „  (alternatively)  48 

The  following  tendered  for  121"), 000  crawn-wire  nietallie- filament 
lamps  : — 

Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.        ..     (recommended)  i7,800 

„               ,,               „               „                  (alteinative)      ..        ..  10,237 

General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd 10,237 

British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd 10,2;i7 

Tenders  for  380  yd.  of  h.t.  cable  were  received  as  follows  : — 

Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd (recommended)  :£248 

W.  1'.  Henley's  Teleginph  Works  Co.,  Ltd 252 

Western  Electric  Co.,  Lid 252 

B.I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd 253 

W.  T.  Ulover*  Co.,  Ltd 254 

For  special  section  rolled-steel  bar  for  magnetic  brake  shoes  the 
contract  is  to  be  given  to  the  Lilleshall  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  fiM  2?.  (Jd.  per 
ton  (total  £-1,74.5).    The  tenders  were  :  — 

Prices  a  ton, 

both  sections. 

£  s.  d. 

Lilleshall  Co..  Ltd (accepted)    8    2    6 

Earl  cf  Dudley's  Round  Oak  Works,  Ltd 8    2    6 

A.    C.    Schove,    Purl»y   (works    Soci^t6    Anonyme    d'Ougn'e- 

Mariliaye,  Belgium) 829 

Prodirgliaul  Iron  and  Steel  Co.,  Ltd 8    5    6 

P.  4  W.  McLellan,  Ltd.    ,.        873 

Andrew  Brown  A  Co.  (agents  for  Societ(!  An  njnie  des  Acieries 

d'Angleur)  950 

Henry  Bessemer  &  Co.,  Ltd 9  10    0 

Cammell,  Laird  &  Co.,  Ltd.       ..        9  10    0 

.  Patent  Shaft  and  A xletrce  Co.,  Ltd 9  12    6 

Bayliss,  Jones  &  Bayliss,  Ltd 10    7    6 

Islington.— The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  following  tenders  for 
annual  supplies  to  the  Electricity  Department  ; — 

Arc  lanin  rarbons.— Sloan  Electrical  Co. ;  Geipel  &  Co. 

Arc  lamp  globes.— Cily  Glass  Co  ,  Ltd. 

Electricity  supply  me!ers.— British  Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  Ltd. 

Cables.— British  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd. 

Elci-tricnl  sundries,  lamps,  brushes,  arc  lamp  parts,  lic— Maxim  Lamp  C'., 
Ltd.;  Pope's  Electric  Lamp  Co.;  Gene  al  Electric  Co,  Ltd.;  Heap 
and  Johnson  ;  Messrs.  Round. 

Cable  terminal,  service  and  network  boxes,  tape,  and  iron  castings. — B.I. 
and  He'sby  Cables,  Ltd. ;  Callender's  Cable  and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd. ; 
Lucy  &  Co.,  Lt(?.;  Sjkes  &  Sugden.  Ltd  ;  J.  Glbbs  &  Co. ;  B  itish 
Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.;  Dussek  Bitumen  Co.;  India 
Rubber,  Gutta-Percha  and  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd. 

Shokeditch.— The  B.C.  has  received  the  following  tenders  for 
the  supply  of  economisers  for  the  boiler  plant  at  the  Whiston  Street 
Power  Station,  which  is  invariably  worked  at  an  overload 
capacity  :-- 

Economisers,  Ltd (accepted)  £1,600 

E.  Green  A- S  n 1,875 

E.  Lowcock,  Ltd 2,097 

Clay  Cross  Co 2,360 

E.  Goodbrand  &  Co 2,370 

J.  Thompson          2,500 

Staffordshire. — The  County  Education  Committee  has 

accepted  the  tender  of  the  Electric  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  £36o, 
for  the  installation  of  electric  plant  and  machinery,  &o.,  for  the 
Burntwood,  Chase  Town,  New  County  Mining  Institute. 


Koi'llllalc— 'I'lic  ('i>r|x>|-aliiin   (iiiH  iiiid    KlcClricily   (!<>iii 
niittee    on    I'ViiJiiy    decided    to    recommend   the   a(x;eptanee  f.f    thr. 
following   tenders  in  i-finiiection   with   the  fxtetihlonH  at  the  elw 
tricity  works 

IliiUdlnK.     n.  &  T.  Ilowartli. 

Turbonlternalor.     W.  II.  Alien  i  Co. 

Htcnm  tiiibine.     J.  How.len  .t  C'l. 

Motor  alturnalor.—  'I'lie  Gen'-ral  KIcilrii-  Co.,  Lid. 
The   contract    for    boiler   ati<l    hoppers    wag   left  ov«;r  for  fiirthir 
consideration. 

Warrinjffoii.— 'I'he    'I'.C.   lias    acrciud    lUc   ti-n<l<:r   nf 
Messrs.  T.  Speak  for  wiring  the  new  baths. 

Wiican. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tendr-r  of  .\Ichm-.-<. 
Dorman  .V  Smith  for  a  new  switchboard  for  the  Market  Hall. 


rORTHCOMINQ    EVENTP, 


Royal  Institution.-  Friday,  March  7lh.  At  9  p  m.  Discourse  on  '  Photo- 
graphy of  the   F'aths  of  Particles   Ejected  fionj   Atoms."  by  .Mr.  C.  T.  R. 

Wilson. 

Saturday,  March  8th.  At  3  p.m.  Lecture  on  "The  Properties  and 
Ccnstiluvicn  of  the  Atoui, "  by  Prof.  Bir  J.  J.  Thomscn.    (Lcctuie  V.) 

Saturday,  March  15lii.  At  3  p.m.  Lecture  on  "The  Properties  and 
Constitution  of  the  Atom,"  by  Prof.  Sir  J   J.  Thomson.    (Lecture  VI.) 

Charing  Cross,  West  End  and  City  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.- Friday, 

March  7th.     At  8  p.m.     StHfT  Smokiug  Conceit.    'J  he  Pillar  Hall,  Victoria 
Station  (S.E.  and  C.  Railway). 

Association  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers.— Friday,  March  7th.  At  8  p.m. 
At  Exeter  Cal(^,  Oeansgate,  Mancnesttr.  Meeting  to  form  Manchester 
branch. 

Wednesday,   March   12ih.— At  7.46  p.m.    At  the  Y.M.C.A.,  Botbwell 

Street,  Glasgow.    Meeting  to  form  Glasgow  branch. 

Junior  Institution  of  Engineers.— Friday,  Mai-ch  7th.  At  39,  Victoria 
Btree',  S.W.  Paper  on  "The  Training  of  a  Colcnial  Engineer,"  by  Mr. 
A.  C.  Uerapath. 

Wednesday,  March  12th.  At  8  p  m.  At  the  I.E.E.  Paper  on 
"  WatrrHeat-^-  team  :  the  Effects  of  Heat  upon  Water,  and  a  Con- 
sideration of  Water  Movements  in  Steam  Boilers,"  by  Mr.  A.  Ross. 

Friday,  March  14ib.  At  39,  Victoria  Street.  Continuaticn  of  dis- 
cussion on  paper  on  "  Water-HeatSteani." 

Institution  of  Post  Office  Electrical  Engineers  (Metropolitan  Section). 

—Monday,  Match  lUih.    Meeting  at  6  p.m.    At  the  I.E.E. 

Faraday  Society.— Wedresday,  March  12th.  At  4.30  p.m.  At  the  Chemi(-al 
Society  rooms,  Piccadilly,  W.    General  discussion  on  "Colloids  and  their 

N'iscosity." 

Association  of  Engineers-in-Charge.  —  Wednesday,  March  12th.  At 
7.3U  p.m.  At  St.  Bride's  Institute,  E.C.  Paper  on  "The  Prcvince  of  tbu 
Enginee-in-Charge,"  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Penn. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (London).— Thursday,  March  13th.  At 
8  p.m.     Paper  on  "  Power  Supply  on  the  Rand,"  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Hadley. 

(Newcastle  Section).— Monday,  March  10th.  At  7.30  p.m.  At  the 
Armstrong  College,  Newcastle.  Paper  on  "Condensing  Plant,"  by  Mr. 
W.  A.  Dexter. 

(Manchester  Section).— Tuesday,  March  11th.  At  7.80  p.m.  At  the 
University,  Manchester.  Paper  on  "Power  Supply  on  the  RaLd,"  by  Mr. 
A.  E.  Hadley. 

(Scottv^h  Section).— 1  he  meeting  set  down  for  Tuesday,  March  11th, 
h  s  been  postpoi.ed  to  March  18tb,  and  the  annual  general  meeting  from 

April  8ih  to  .April  Ittli. 

(Yorkshire   Section*.— Wednesday,  March  12th.    Meeting  at  7  p.m. 

At  the  University,  Leeds. 

(Birmingham    Section).  — Wednesday,  March    12th.      At   7.30  p.m. 

Meeting  at  the  University,  Birmingham, 

(Dublin  Section).— Thursday,  March  ICth.  Meeting  at  8  p.m.  At  the 
Royal  College  of  Scienre,  Dublin.  Paper  on  "  Recent  Developments  in  the 
Application  of  Electricity  to  the  Textile  Trades,"  bv  Mr.  S.  F.  Crowley. 

Physical  Society.— Friday,  March  14th.  At  5  p.m.  At  the  University 
College,  uowtr  Street,  W.C.  Paper  en  "Some  Oscillograms  of  Cotdenser 
D.schaiges  and  a  Simple  Theory  of  Coupled  Circuits,"  and  "  An  Exhibititn 
of  Brauu  Cathode-Ray  Tubes  and  an  Electrostatic  Machine  for  Working 
theui,  uacd  as  a  High-Frequency  Oscillograph," by  Prof.  J.  A.  Fleming:  and 
other  papers.  Demonstration  of  Spark  Photographs,  by  Mr.  W.  R  Unir.e". 
before  the  meeting, 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Officer- LiKtrr.-CoL.  H.  M.  Lfaf. 

The  followmg  orderi-  have  been  issued  for  the  current  week  : — 
Monday,   March   lOih.—"  A"  Company.     Recruit  training,   7  to   10  p.m, 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Tuesday,  March  11th.— "B"  Company,   Company  training,  7  to  10p.m. 
Tboreday,  March   ISth.— "C"  Company.    Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m. ; 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Friday,  March  14th.—"  D  "  Company.    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Saturday,    March    15th.— Headquarters    will    be    opened    for   regimental 

business  from  10  a.m.  till  12  noon. 


(Signed) 


P.  H.  Casipbell,  Cnpt.  R.E.,  and  Adjt. 

For  OSlcer  commanding  L.E.E, 


388 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,841,  March  7,  1913. 


NOTES, 


The  Easter  Hoydays. — Owing  to  Friday,  March  21st. 
Ijeinp  Good  Friday,  the  Electrical  Rkvikw  for  that  date  will  be 
published  two  days  earlier,  appearing-  on  the  morninfr  of  Wednesday. 
March  I'.'th.  Our  advertisement  department  asks  that  new  adver- 
tisement copy  and  alterations  to  existing  advertisements  for  that 
issue  should  be  received  not  later  than  Saturday  morning,  March 
15th.  An  announcement  on  the  matter  will  be  found  in  our 
advertisement  pages  to-day. 

Cost  of  Operating:  Electru- Wag:ons. — Tlie  (onimon- 

wealth  Edii>on  Co.  has  published  interesting  schedules  showing  the 
cost  of  operating  two  :00-lb.  ;  four  15,000-lb.  ;  four  2,000-lb.  ;  and 
•JO  3,000-lb.  electric  wagons  during  the  three  years,  January,  1 909, 
to  December,  li'll.  Nineteen  of  the  vehicles  have  Edison,  and  the 
remainder  lead  batteries.  From  these  returns  (published  in  the 
Electrical  llfiieir  and  We-ttern  Elect ricicii),  we  extract  the 
following  average  data  : — 


Item, 


Average  cOBt. 
Per  car  Per  car- 
permth.   mile. 
e.   d.       d. 


Fixed  charges' 
Fixed  charges  on  laad, 
baildings  and  garage., 
Operating  expenses  I    . . 
Total  general  expenses: 

Qrand  total 


126    6      20 


(Item. 
Including  :  — 
Oil  and  other  supplies 
Knergy  at  2d.  per  unit 
General  repairs    . . 
'J  ires 
Batteries    . . 


775 


Average  cost. 
Per  oar  Per  car- 
per mth.  mile, 
8.  d.  d. 
. .  21  2  0'3S 
..  63  0  1-00 
..  56  6  0-86 
0-55 
0-65 


40  11 


Total. 


217    2      3-40 


Miles  travelled  per  carper  mth,  ^ 
Miles  per    da;  per  wagon   in 

service =    80  5 

Days  per  month  in  service  (per 

wagon) =  22-6 

Average  rw.-hr.  per  car-mile. .  =    0'495 

'  Interest  at  6  per  cent. ;  taxes,  \-b  per  cent, ;  insurance,  2  per  cent. ;  deprecia- 
tion, 10  per  cent.  '  Including  driver's  salary,   washing,  oiling  and  minor 
repairs  and  operating  garage  expenses.  :  Including  supervision,  wheel  tax, 
licence  and  insurance. 

It  is  said  that  the  l!tI2  operating  costs  were  lower  than  the  above, 
but  no  precise  figures  for  last  year  have  yet  been  published.  It 
should  be  noted  tliat  the  figures  apply  to  American  conditions,  and 
probably  lower  figures  would  be  obtained  in  this  country. 

A  PoMerful   Sterilising  Mercnry-Vaponr  Camp, — 

In  the  types  of  mercury-vapour  lamps  hitherto  in  use,  the  elec- 
trodes h»v  e  been  at  opposite  ends  of  a  straight  tube,  the  enlarge- 
ments, condensing  chamber  or  radiating  vanes  of  which  have 
prevented  close  approach  of  the  luminous  part  of  the  lamp  to  objects 
that  are  to  be  illuminated.  With  a  view  to  removing  this  limitation 
and  securing  a  much  higher  percentage  of  ultra-violet  light  than  is 
provided  by  ordinary  110 — 220-volt  mercury  lamps,  Messrs.  Henri. 
Helbrunner  &  Recklinghausen  have  constructed  a  lamp  in  which  the 
luminous  vapour  is  contained  by  a  quartz  -  U-tube.  The  internal 
diameter  of  the  tube  is  0'55  in.,  each  limb  is  6'3  in.  in  length,  and 
the  two  limbs  and  the  electrodes  tire  very  close  together.  The  lamp 
operates  on  500  volts,  the  p.d.  between  the  electrodes  being 
37.'> — 39()  volts  and  the  current  flowing  :{  amperes. '  The  net  power 
consumption  of  the  lamp  is  thus  1,150  watts,  and  the  candle-power, 
in  a  plane  through  the  centre  of  the  arc  perpendicular  to  the  axis 
of  the  lamp,  exceeds  8,000  c.P. 

The  absolute  value  of  the  ultra-violet  radiations  has  not  yet  been 
determined,  but  their  chemical  and  bacteriological  effects  have  been 
compared  with  those  radiations  from  110  and  220-volt  lamps.  It  is 
reported  that  the  new  500-voltlamp  produces  the  same  effect  on  amidon 
in  six  hours  and  on  glycerine  in  four  hours,  as  is  produced  by  a 
110-volt  lamp  in  260  hours  and  240  hours  respectively.  The  sterilis- 
ing effect  of  the  new  lamp  on  a  bacteria  culture  icoli)  is  <;0  times  as 
rapid  as  that  of  a  110-volt  lamp  placed  at  the  same  distance  from 
the  culture.  Considerable  photo-combustion  and  photo-poly- 
merisation of  carbides  of  hydrogen  have  been  effected  by  the  new 
lamp,  whereas  such  action  is  very  limited  if  110-volt  lamps  be  used. 

The  new  lamp  provides  ultra-violet  radiations  from  50  to  (iO 
times  as  intense  as  those  from  a  110-volt  lamp  (though  its  wattage 
is  only  4 '6  times  as  great).  When  applying  the  lamp  to  the 
economical  sterilisation  of  large  quantities  of  water,  the  luminous 
portion  of  the  tube  is  enclosed  by  a  cylinder  of  transparent  quartz 
fixed  at  the  centre  of  a  circular  tank,  through  which  flows  the  water 
treated.  BaHle  plates  are  provided  to  guide  the  water  round  and 
ai^-ainst  the  central  cylinder. — Technique  Modcrne. 

*'  New  Lijfht  .Marvel." — Under  this  title  the  Sltnuhml 
recently  put  before  its  readers  an  account  of  a  "  discovery  "  made 
by  a  French  engineer,  M.  Dussand.  The  description  ran  as 
follows  : — 

The  invention  is  based  on  the  principle  of  matter  having  need  of 
rest,  or  molecular  equilibrium.  For  example,  two  springs  working 
alternately  wear  out  more  slowly  than  if  each  is  worked  con- 
tinuously. "Cold  light''  is  the  application  of  this  principle  to 
incandescent  electric  lamps.  Light  is  concentrated  in  a  single 
point  by  all  the  filamente  working  successively,  and  projected 
through  a  lens  multiplying  a  thousandfold.  By  this  process  M. 
Dussaud  has  succeeded  in  concentrating  2,000  c.P.  in  a  single  point 
and  passing  32  volts  into  an  8-volt  lamp,  which  otherwise  would 
burst. 

The  advantages  claimed  are,  first,  the  elimination  of  danger,  since 
a  lamp,  though  jiroducing  so  dazzling  a  light  that  it  is  impossible 
to  look  at  it  with  the  naked  eye,  can  be  held  in  the  hand  without 


the  slightest  heat  being  felt.  Second,  such  a  lamp  requires  a 
hundred  times  less  current  than  the  ordinary  lamp,  and  in  the 
absence  of  a  sector  it  can  be  produced  by  a  tiny  battery.  The 
motive  power  can  be  given  by  an  ordinary  water  tap,  a  squirrel  in 
n  cage  or  the  operator's  foot.  Third,  it  contains  ultra-violet  rays, 
thus  requiring  a  hundred  times  less  electricity  than  usual. 

These  facts  were  all  demonstrated  on  the  screen.  A  beautiful 
coloured  landscape,  3  yards  square,  to  project  which  with  ordinary 
lamps  would  require  40  volts,  or  2,000  watts,  only  needed  20  watts 
with  the  "  cold  light,''  costing  one  centime  instead  of  a  franc,  or 
a  hundredth  of  the  cost.  All  the  views  shown  were  produced  with 
very  small  and  inexpensive  apparatus,  and  henceforth  similar  illus- 
trations can  be  given  in  schools  by  professors  without  danger,  the 
only  appliance  being  a  cheap  little  apparatus  that  can  be  slipped 
into  the  pocket. 

We  need  not  follow  the  enthusiastic  correspondent  of  the 
Staiuhird  further.  Those  of  our  readers  who  remember  our  expo- 
sure of  the  analogous  "Puleforcia"  fallacy  will  not  be  surprised 
to  know  that  we  regarded  this  report  with  the  coldest  scepticism, 
and  we  did  not  publish  anything  about  it.  In  the  meantime,  we 
have  communicated  with  a  distinguished  French  scientist,  who 
informs  us  that  there  is  no  foundation  for  M.  Bussaud's  extra- 
vagant claims — backed  though  they  were  said  to  be  by  no  less 
eminent  a  physicist  than  Prof.  Branly — except  the  statements  of 
the  inventor  himself,  who  has  produced  no  evidence  in  support  of 
them 

Electrical  Trades  I  nion. — Under  the  auspices  of  the 

Plymouth  Branch  of  the  Electrical  Trades  Union,  a  smoking  con- 
cert was  held  at  the  Clarence  Hotel,  Jlorice  Town,  Devonport,  on 
Friday  evening.  There  was  a  good  attendance,  and  the  general 
organiser  (Mr.  .1.  Hinniburgh)  attended  and  addressed  the  members 
on  the  importance  of  organisation.  He  pointed  out  that  it  was 
impossible  to  get  the  old  men  employed  in  the  Dockyard  to  see  the 
benefits  of  Trade  Unionism.  The  reason  was  that  they  were  all 
right  themselves  and  did  not  care  twopence  for  any  of  the  other 
workers.  He  therefore  made  an  appeal  to  the  young  men,  those 
hands  who  had  come  around  from  Scotland,  the  North  of  England 
and  London,  to  join  the  organisation,  and  then  band  themselves 
together  with  the  hope  of  making  the  electrical  trade  better  in  the 
future  than  it  had  been  in  the  past.  Organisation  or  combination 
was  absolutely  essential  for  the  self-preservation  of  the  individual, 
The  speaker  observed  that  the  members  of  the  House  of  Commons 
fixed  £400  a  year  as  the  minimum  rate  of  wages  on  which  they 
could  exist.  Supposing  those  700  gentlemen  suddenly  dropped  dead, 
no  one  would  be  put  about  much  except  their  near  relatives.  For 
any  real  necessity  they  would  not  be  missed  at  all.  But  take  the 
working  classes.  Supposing  700  bakers  in  the  Three  Towns  were 
suddenly  to  drop  dead.  They  icould  easily  understand  what  a 
serious  position  would  be  caused  thereby.  The  700  bakers  were  far 
more  necessary  than  the  700  gentlemen  who  legislated  for  their 
country  at  Westminster.  The  speaker  reminded  his  hearers  of  the 
campaign  to  be  initiated  shortly  for  an  8- hour  day.  That  matter 
might  not  interest  those  engaged  in  the  Dockyard,  but  tboae  work- 
ing outside  the  Dockyard  would  recognise  that  an  8-honr  day  was 
a  big  proposition. 

Subsequently  Mr.  T.  Parr,  who  has  held  the  ofiBce  of  secretary  of 
the  Plymouth  branch  for  the  past  five  years,  was  the  recipient  of 
a  fountain  pen  in  recognition  of  services  rendered. 

Gas    Fires    and   Evil    Odoars. — In  a  leaderette  nn 

"  The  Education  of  the  Gas  Consumer,"  our  contemporary,  the 
(ia.H  World — for  which,  by  the  way,  we  ha\e  sincere  respect — 
courageously  publishes  some  plain  truths  about  the  gas  fire  ;  as  our 
contemporary  occasionally  does  us  the  honour  to  quote  from  our 
columns,  we  return  the  compliment : — 

"  The  truth  of  the  gas  fire  situation,  as  it  is  capable  of  being 
realised  to-day,  is  precisely  as  Mr.  Wilson  put  it : — No  gas  fire  ought 
to  announce  its  existence  through  the  sense  of  smell.  Unfortu- 
nately, very  many  gas  fires  do  so  betray  their  defective  construction 
or  fitting.  It  is  high  time  that  this  deplorable  misbehaviour  of 
gas  fires  were  corrected." 

"  Mr.  Wilson  speaks  of  tracing  our  complaints  ;  but  the  right 
rule  is  not  to  wait  for  complaints.  All  experience  shows  that 
absence  of  complaints  is  no  proof  of  want  of  cause  for  them." 

"  Many  gas  consumers  are  quite  resigned  to  the  evil  odour  of  a 
badly-adjusted  boiling  ring,  or  a  smothering  gas  fire.  So  they  will 
go  on,  until  a  case  of  sickness  requires  the  doctor's  visit ;  and  the 
first  thing  he  does  is  to  condemn  the  stove  or  the  fire.  The  degree 
of  toleration  of  a  bad  gas  smell  varies  considerably  in  different 
people,  and  an  inspector  with  a  keen  nose  for  it  is  worth  money  to 
a  pas  undertaking." 

We  agree  with  every  word  of  these  extracts,  except,  perhaps,  the 
last  line  or  two.  If  there  is  real  value  in  a  keen  perception  of  a  bad 
gas  smell,  we  ought  to  be  worth  a  mint  of  money  if  we  were 
inspectors. 

Electrical    Progress   in    Russia.  —  With  a  view  to 

ascertaining  the  position  of  municipal  supply  in  Russia,  the  town 
of  Ivano-Vosnesensk  (says  the  Fiiuimirr)  has  instituted  inquiries 
as  to  the  working  of  central  stations  in  nine  towns  Pensa,  Wilna, 
Viatka,  Nerechta,  Tula,  Kischinev,  Stavropol,  Minsk,  and  Astra- 
kan.  Presumably  information  was  gathered  from  towns  more  or 
less  resembling  Vosnesensk  in  conditions  or  population,  or  from  the 
sources  where  it  was  most  readily  available,  as  this  list  does  not,  of 
course,  include  the  largest  towns  in  Russia,  which  are  lighted  by 
electricity.  (If  this  is  Vosnesensk  on  R.  Bug,  the  population  at  the 
last  census  was  107,000  ;  that  of  Pensa,  79,000  ;  Wilna.  184,580  ;  Tula, 
130,800;  Kischinev,    118,807;    Stavropol,   54,800;    Minsk,  97.990; 


VOL72.  No.  i.Nii,  MAU01I7,  1919.]      TlIE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


:'S:i 


and  ABtrakoD,  140,600.)  In  o(|rht  of  the  nine  townit  mentioned,  the 
Htations  were  workinif  suooeiBfully,  and  contributintf  to  public 
rt'venuo.  Tho  net  proftls  wore  hh  followK  VVilna,  8'), 000  roubles 
(nay  £8,000)  ;  MinHk,  £r),800  ;  Astrakun,  *I,1()0  ;  Tula  and  I'enHO, 
tIt.M'd;  Viatka,  £2,!>00  ;  Kischiuov,  £2,000;  and  Stavropol 
i;i,IOO.  In  nianufacturiii(r,  (Jorniany  liaH  all  the  mofit  important 
electrical  conooniH,  ob  tho  ItuHHian  Ociieral  Electric,  the  Uusnian 
Siemens  k  Ilalsko,  and  the  RuHHian  Schuckort  Co.  Thoro  are  two 
other  lar(;o  Houmch — the  lUiKhian  Tudor  Accumulator  Co  .  and  the 
Volta.  TheHe  concerns  have  a  combined  capital  of  l(),M()n,()0() 
roiiblfH  (£1. COO, 000),  which  is  about  85  per  cent,  of  the  capital  of 
lilt'  1 0  existinir  electrical  conccrna  in  Rumia.  The  Schuckert  now 
proposes  nn  extension  of  capital  of  12.000,000  roubles,  and  the 
General  Electric  is  extendiii(r  its  capital  1,000,000  roubles.  In  r.)12, 
the  branches  of  the  Siemens  iV  llnluke  firm  in  I'oland  were  trans- 
formed into  an  independent  establishment. 

Electricity   from  Cinders. — The  cindei-s  deposited  in 

locomotive  smoke  boxes  are  a  fuel  of  considerable  value,  since  its 
calorific  power  is  equal  to  1,500  to  0,000  calories  per  kg.  Till  lately 
its  utilisation  has  defied  every  attempt  of  the  many  experimenters 
with  it.  Recently,  however,  the  firm  of  .1.  I'intsch,  of  Berlin,  has 
succeeded  in  overcominf?  the  difficulties  attending  its  gasification, 
by  means  of  a  specially  devised  producer.  Several  of  these  have 
been  aoquiredby  the  Prui^sian  State  Railways,  for  the  production 
of  electric  current,  which  is  used  to  light  railway  stations  and 
workshops.  In  practice  it  is  found  that  15  to  TO  kg.  of  cinders  is 
needed  to  produce  a  kilowatt-hour.  First  cost  charges  are  from 
1,097  fr.  to  1,30.5  fr.  per  KW.  Working  costs  range  from  0'0325  to 
0'05C  fr.  per  KW.-hour,  exclusive  of  charges  for  sinking  fund  and 
interest.-  -Bmir  Elertr'uiite. 

Fatalities. — A  correspondent  states  that  at  the  Helsby 
Cable  Works,  Charles  Antrobus  was  working  in  the  cable  testing 
department,  on  Friday  morning,  when  he  came  in  contact  with  a 
live  wire.     He  was  killed  instantly. 

A  Sheffield  paper  says  that  while  following  hi.s  employment  as  a 
coal-cutting  machine  driver  at  Houghton  Main  Colliery,  on 
Saturday,  Joseph  Bains  (20),  of  Middlecliffe  Cottages,  Houghton 
Parva,  was  killed  by  an  electric  shock. 

The  Cape  Timcx,  just  to  hand,  reports  that  on  February  3rd,  at 
.lohannesburg,  Winter  Hart  (34),  who  held  the  position  of  assistant 
distributing  engineer  in  the  electrical  department  of  the  munici- 
pality, was  killed  while  on  duty.  Hart  was  inspecting  work  under 
his  supervision.  The  Parktown  high-tension  side  of  a  trans- 
former kiosk  was  open,  and,  in  the  execution  of  his  duty,  Mr.  Hart, 
in  some  inexplicable  manner,  came  into  contact  with  the  high- 
tension  terminals  at  a  pressure  of  3,300  volts  alternating  at  50  cycles 
periodicity,  and  he  was  killed  instantaneously.  He  was  very 
badly  burnt  about  the  chest.  The  usual  methods  of  artificial 
respiration  were  kept  up  for  over  half  an  hour,  with  no  beneficial 
result.  He  leaves  a  young  widow  and  a  baby  six  weeks  old.  Verdict, 
"Death  from  misadventure,'' 

Annaal  Socials  and  Dinners. — Londox. — On  Satur- 
day, February  22nd,  the  members  of  the  Kensington  and  Knights- 
bridge  Electric  Lighting  Co.'s  Cricket  Club  held  their  eighth  annual 
concert  at  the  Constitutional  Club,  Hammersmith.  The  chair  was 
taken  by  Mr.  H.  W.  Miller,  supported  by  Messrs.  C.  L.  Lichtenberg, 
R.  W.  Roberts,  G.  C.  Weston  and  A.  France.  The  whole  of  the 
arrangements  were  carried  out  under  the  management  of  Mr.  A.  C. 
Adams,  the  M.C.  for  the  evening,  assisted  by  Messrs.  G.  Gilbert, 
Gammage,  Ashpool  and  R.  Mitchell  and  other  members  of  the  Club. 
The  concert  was  preceded  by  a  whist  drive.  The  winners  of  the 
whist  drive  prizes  were  as  follows :  La,dies — Mrs.  Enderwick, 
Bishop,  Godfrey  and  Stebbings  ;  Gentlemen — Messrs.  Biddlecombe, 
Stenning,  Featherstone  and  Shea.  There  was  a  half-an-hour's  interval 
between  the  drive  and  concert  for  refreshments,  which  were  supplied 
by  the  steward,  Mr.  Goodchild.  Mr.  Frank  Mitchell  and  Mr.  Spriggs 
entertained  with  humorous  songs  ;  Mr.  G.  Gilbert,  with  mandoline 
solos  ;  Miss  Gillies,  Miss  Hammond  and  Mr.  E.  Driver  sang,  and  Mr. 
Carter  g&ve  siflleur  performances.  Mr.  F.  C.  Mitchell  presided  at 
the  piano.  The  Cricket  Club  prizes  were  presented  by  the  president, 
Mr.  H.  W.  Miller.  The  winners  were  as  follows  :  Mr.  A.  France 
and  L,  S.  Fosbrooke  shared  the  "  A  "  XI  batting  prize  ;  Mr.  A. 
Waters,  "A"  XI  bowling;  Mr.  0.  A.  Bartlett,  '' A  "  XI  fielding  ; 
Mr.  A.  Cox,  ''  B  '  XT  batting  ;  Mr.  A.  Jolly,  "B  "  XI  fielding  prize. 
No  member  qualified  for  the  "B"  XI  bowling  prize.  A  vote  of 
thanks  was  proposed  by  Mr.  Gammage  to  the  president  of  the  Club 
for  presiding  ;  this  was  received  with  hearty  applause,  and  the 
chairman  responded.  A  vote  of  thanks  was  then  proposed  to  Mr. 
A.  C.  Adams  for  so  excellently  carrying  out  the  arrangements  ; 
Mr.  Adams  replied,  and  in  turn  thanked  the  artistes  and  the 
stewards. 

London. — The  annual  dinner  of  the  staff  and  other  employes  of 
the  Westminster  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Willesden  Junction,  was 
held  on  Saturday,  March  1st,  at  the  Bush  Hotel,  Shepherd's  Bush. 
A  capital  musical  programme,  provided  mainly  by  the  employes  of 
the  company,  followed.  The  chair  was  occupied  by  Mr.  J.  0. 
Girdlestone.    Mr.  W.  Meacher  proposed  the  health  of  the  staff. 

EuiNBUHGH.— The  annual  staff  ball  of  Bruce  Peebles  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
was  held  last  Friday  evening  at  the  North  British  Station  Hotel, 
Edinburgh,  and,  as  usual,  a  large  gathering  was  present. 
Sandwiched  between  the  two  halves  of  the  dancing  programme 
was  the  supper,  to  which  about  1.50  individuals  sat  down,  these 
including  guests  and  members  of  the  staff  and  works.  The  usual 
toasts  were  proposed,  the  chairman  (Mr.  Lee  Murray)  proposing 
"  The  King."  Mr.  R.  Graham  proposed  "  The  Firm  of  Bruce 
Peebles  &   Co.,   Ltd.,"    Mr.    Alex.    Mackenzie  (director)  replying. 


Mr.  J.  II.  Bunting  proponed  Oar  Guciit«, '  knd  on  fjehtU  of  the 
gueatu  Mr.  Alex.  RoU-rtnon-Durham  r«plie<l  ;  but  the  towt  of  the 
evening  was  that  of  "  The  Chairman  "  (Mr.  Iaik  MurravJ,  proponed  by 
Mr.  S.  K  Bastow,  who,  in  the  count*  of  his  remnrku,  took  the  oppor- 
tunity of  making  a  prc-'ciitation  to  Mr.  Murray,  who  ban  lunt  retir«l 
from  the  position  of  general  maniigor,  hoving  fxrcn  appjiriUvi  to  a  «ait. 
on  the  board  of  directors  The  presfinlation  took  the  form  of  an 
album  hand.-tomely  bound  in  full  moroc<:o  anil  contoining.  In 
addition  to  an  illuiuinatcd  address,  tho  signatures  of  b«rtw'«n  six 
and  i)evcn  hundred  mem bers  of  the  staff  and  works.  -Mr.  Marray 
suitably  replie<l,  and  cmjihaHiHcd  the  importance  of  giving  to  tho 
new  jointgoneral  managers,  Mr.  H.  E  Uarstow  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Banting, 
the  same  support  which  had  been  loyally  given  to  him  daring  his 
whole  tenure  of  office.  There  was  an  optimistic  tone  about  all  the 
speeches,  and  it  was  poiiit,cd  out  that  not  only  were  orders  being 
received  from  new  cutloiners  at  home  and  abroad,  but  repeat 
orders  from  all  old  cu^ilomers  were  lieing  continually  received. 
Dancing  was  continued  until  tho  small  houra  of  the  morning. 

The  annual  smoking  concert  of  the  Great  Eaj'tern  Killway 
Electrical  Engineers  Department  will  be  held  at  the  Great  Hall. 
Cannon  Street  Hotel,  on  Saturday,  April  liith,  at  7.30  o'clock  p.m. 
Mr.  H.  W.  Firth,  M.Inst.C.E  ,  will  preside. 

The  staff  smoking  concert  of  the  Charing  Cross,  Weet  End  and 
City  Electricity  Supply  Co ,  Ltd.,  will  be  held  to-night  at  «  o'clock, 
at  the  Pillar  Hall,  Victoria  Station. 

Change  of  Name. — With    its  April    issue  our    United 

States  monthly  contemporary,  Si>iith''rii  Elertrieitm,  will  change  its 
name  to  JSlectricnl  Emibwering,  representing  the  consolidation  of 
the  Southern,  Elertrieimi  and  the  Elertrieal  A'/r. 

Institution    and    Lecture   Notes.— Kov.u.   I.v.stiti:- 

TION. — The  following  are  included  in  the  lecture  arrangements  after 
I'iftster  : — Prof.  W.  J.  Pope,  three  lectures  on  Recent  Chemical 
Advances  :  (1)  Molecular  Architecture  ;  (2)  Chemistry  in  Space  ; 
(3)  The  Structure  of  Crystals.  Mr.  H.  A,  Humphrey,  two  lectures 
on  Humphrey  Internal  Combustion  Pum  s.  Prof.  E.  Rutherford, 
three  lectures  on  Radioactivity  :  (I)  The  Alpha  Rays  and  their  con- 
nection with  the  Transformations  ;  (2)  The  Origin  of  the  Beta  and 
Gamma  Rays  and  the  connection  between  them  ;  (3)  The  Radio- 
Active  State  of  the  Earth  and  Atmosphere.  The  Friday  evening 
meetings  will  be  resumed  on  April  Ith,  when  Mr.  James  J.  Dobbie 
will  deliver  a  discourse  on  the  Spectroscope  in  Organic  Chemistry. 
Junior  Institution  of  Enoineebs. — On  Wednesday,  March 
12th,  at  8  p.ni .  at  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,  a  paper 
will  be  read  on  "Water-Heat-Steam:  The  Effects  of  Heat  upon 
Water  and  a  consideration  of  Water  Movements  in  Steam  Boilers.' 
by  Mr.  Arthur  Ross,  F.I.C.,  F.C  S.  The  paper  will  treat  of  the  ' 
behaviour  of  water  (1)  when  heated  at  atmospheric  pressure  : — Con- 
vection ;  conduction  ;  steam ;  spheroidal  water.  .  (2)  In  a  boiler 
working  at  high  pressure  : — When  lighting  up  boiler  ;  when  steam- 
ing lightly  ;  when  steaming  hard  ;  the  effects  of  hindering  free 
discharge  of  steam  ;  priming.  These  -f)oint3  will  help  in  the 
explanation  of  : — Grooving ;  pitting  and  corrosion  ;  the  effect  of 
/.inc  plates. 

Electro  -  Technicai,  Association,  Bradford.— On  Monday 
evening,  February  24th.  at  the  Royal  Hotel,  Bradford,  an  inte- 
resting lecture  was  given  by  Dr.  Robert  Pohl,  chief  engineer 
to  the  Phcanix  Dynamo  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  entitled  :  "What 
are  the  Output  Limits  of  Electrical  Machines  ,'  "  The  lecture  was 
well  attended  by  members  of  the  Association,  and  after  a  discus- 
sion on  various  points  a  hearty  vote  of  thanks  was  accorded  to 
the  lecturer. 

The  Tramways  and  Light  Railways  Association.  —  This 
Association  will  hold  its  annual  gathering  in  Blackpool,  on  June  12th 
and  13th  next.  It  is  expected  that  from  150  to  200  delegates  will 
attend.  The  Blackpool  and  Fleetwood  Tramroad  Co.  will  entertain 
the  members,  who  will  also  have  a  trip  on  the  St.  Anne's  and 
Lytham  line.  The  Finance  Committee  decided,  on  February  27th, 
to  entertain  the  members  at  dinner,  and  the  expense  will  be  pro- 
vided for  in  the  salary  of  the  Mayor,  voted  to  him  in  connection 
with  the  King's  visit. 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers. — A  paper  was  read  at  the 
meeting  on  Tuesday  last,  entitled  "Notes  on  City  Passenger- 
Transportation  in  the  United  States,"  by  Mr.  G.  D.  Snyder. 

Society  of  Engineers  (Inc.). — In  the  inaugural  address  of  the 
president,  Mr.  Arthur  Valon,  A.M.Inst.C.E.,  delivered  on  Monday  last, 
the  author  said  that  the  development  of  engineering  during  the 
past  20  years  had  wrought  a  great  change  in  the  personnel  of  the 
profession.  When  engineering  was  almost  entirely  a  matter  of 
practical  experience,  professional  qualification  was  independent  of 
general  education  ;  but  now  that  rational  methods  of  calculation 
and  design  had  superseded  those  of  empiricism,  a  complete  know- 
ledge of  these  principles  was  necessary  to  every  engineer,  so  that 
the  system  of  apprenticeship  no  longer  completely  met  educational 
requirements.  'The  requirements  for  modern  engineering  training 
were  contrasted  -vith  those  of  20  years  ago,  and  it  was  shown  that 
a  great  increase  had  taken  place  in  the  number  of  engineers 
occupying  more  or  less  subordinate  positions,  for  which  technical 
competence  was  a  greater  recommendation  than  personal  initiative. 
The  Concrete  Institute. — A  paper  by  Mr.  John  A.  Daven- 
port, entitled  "  Economy  in  Reinforced  Concrete  Design.  "  was  read 
at  the  meeting  on  February  27th.  The  next  meeting  of  the 
Institute  will  take  place  on  March  13th,  when  a  paper  will  be 
read  by  Mr.  H.  C.  Johnson  on  the  subject  of  "The  Strength  of 
Cement.'  The  total  membership  of  the  Institute  is  now  968  : 
when  the  membership  reaches  1,000  an  entrance  fee.  which  at 
present  is  not  required,  will  be  imposed, 


390 


THE    ELECTEICAL    REVIEW.       [voi.  72.  No.  i.s^i,  maech  7,  1918. 


IxsTiTCTiox  OF  Electrical  Engixeehs  (Newcastle  Local 
Section). — Arrangements  are  bein?  made  for  a  visit  to  works  in 
the  Middlesbrough  district  on  Wednesday,  April  9th,  to  be  fol- 
lowed, at  7  p.m  ,  by  a  meeting,  at  which  Mr.  A.  E.  Hadley  will  read 
a  paper  on  "  Power  ."Supply  on  the  Rand." 

Mr.  S.  L.  Pearce,  electrical  engineer  to  the  Manchester  Corpora- 
tion, will  deliver  a  lecture  at  the  .Municipal  Evening  School  of 
Commerce,  Manchester,  on  Monday  next  on  the  work  of  the 
electricity  department. 

On  Wednesday  last  a  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  E.  L.  Pope  before 
the  L.C.C.  Tramways  Engineering  Society  on  "The  Equipment  of 
Electric  Tramway  Conduit." 

Copper. — It  is  gratifying  to  note  an  increase  in  tbe  pro- 
duction of  any  European  country,  and  the  figures  relating  to 
Russian  output  during  1912  given  in  the  FinaiuU-r  of  February 
24th  show  remarkable  progress.  The  production  for  the  first  10 
months  of  1912  is  given  as  1, (598,000  poods  (say  27,300  tons)  over 
the  corresponding  period  of  1911  ;  this  shows  an  increase  of  H4'4  per 
cent.  The  district  with  the  highest  production  is  the  Ural  range, 
with  14,700  tons ;  the  Caucasus  contributts  7,800  tons,  Siberia 
:t,t*00.  and  1,080  tons  come  from  the  chemical  works  and  refineries. 
The  increase  in  the  Urals  is  42  .">  per  cent,  (for  the  period  taken, 
compared  with  the  same  period  in  1911).  The  leading  company  is 
the  Kyshtim  Corporation  (Urals).  Sisserts  factories  also  show  a 
large  increase.  In  the  Cauca^^us  the  Caucasian  Copper  Co.  and  the 
Synnika  faf^tory  have  largely  increased  their  output.  In  Siberia, 
the  Spaesky  Co.,  with  an  output  of  :{..50O  tons,  shows  an  increase  of 
33  per  cent,  over  that  of  1911.  The  Yenissei  Co.  shows  a  drop  on  its 
em  ill  production — 43ii  tons  to  226  tons. 

The  hardening  in  the  price  of  copper  is  ascribed  to  better  prospects 
of  peace  in  the  Halkans,  and  should  be  confirmed  by  the  removal  of 
the  strike  depression  at  home.  The  decrease  in  visible  supplies 
during  February  (England,  France,  and  afloat  thereto  from  Chile 
and  Australia)  was  2,0.")2  tons,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  from 
English  ports  ;  French  stocks  were  only  191  tons  less,  and  the 
quantities  afloat  amounted  to  37.")  tons  less  than  on  .lanuary  :!lst. 
Rotterdam  has  increased  stocks  by  2,700  tons,  and  Hamburg  by 
924  ton.",  the  total  European  visible  supply  being  thus  l,.'i72  tons 
better  than  on  .January  Slat. 

In  detailed  supplies  (quoting,  as  usual,  from  Messrs.  H.  R.  Merton 
and  Co.'s  circular)  arrivals  from  Xorth  America  were  up  to  average, 
Spain  and  Portugal  very  low,  Chile  shipments  below  average,  and 
Australian  just  on.  Total  deliveries  at  38,."/J9  tons  are  (allowing 
for  the  short  month)  up  to  the  average  of  the  past  12  months, 
which,  however,  is  l,.oOOtons  below  that  of  the  12  months  preceding 
them  (i.e.,  the  greater  part  of  1911,  and  two  months  of  1912). 
American  stocks  (American  Producers'  Association  figures)  were 
7,986  tons  better  on  January  30th  than  at  the  end  of  December,  the 
world's  supply  standing  (January  30th;  at  93,19s  tons,  or  ."j,H2.5  tons 
above  the  preceding  month. 

The  British  Fire  Prevention  Goniniittee's  Testing 

Station. — Owing  to  the  greater  demands  made  upon  the  Com- 
mittee for  testing  facilities,  it  has  been  decided  to  enlarge  the 
testing  station  and  to  add  to  the  Committee's  plant.  The  main 
building  is  also  beinp  rearranged  in  such  a  form  that  the  principal 
rooms  will  be  available  for  the  Committee's  interesting  technical 
and  historical  collections.  It  is  anticipated  that  the  alterations 
will  be  completed  early  in  April,  when  the  testing  operations  of 
the  new  session  will  be  commenced.  Apart  from  the  usual  appli- 
cations for  fire  tests  emanating  from  Great  Britain  and  the 
Colonies,  there  is  a  marked  increase  in  the  requests  for  tests  from 
Germany  and  from  the  United  States,  where  the  Committee's 
reports  also  enjoy  the  recognition  of  the  public  authorities. 

The  E.\pert  and  the  Witness.— Mr.  John  Emanuel 

Mackey,  M.L.A.  (Vic),  who  was  chairman  of  the  Select  Committee 
which  was  appointed  to  inquire  into  Mr.  Merz's  electrification 
scheme  for  the  Melbourne  metropolitan  railways,  is  feeling  some- 
what sore  concerning  an  incident  of  the  inquiry  which  is  vastly 
amusing  to  everybody  else.  Mr.  Mackey.  who  was  a  very  strenuous 
worker  in  his  University  days,  and  carried  ofi'  many  honours  and 
scholarships,  determined  to  get  right  to  the  bottom  of  this  elec- 
trification business  before  he  entered  upon  his  responsible  duties  as 
chairman  of  the  Committee,  and  with  that  end  in  view,  it  is  said 
that  he  spent  much  midnight  oil  in  mastering  the  contents  of  an 
elaborate  article  on  electrification,  which  forms  part  of  an 
important  scientific  encyclopa;dia. 

Crammed  with  new  and  half-digested  scientific  knowledge, 
Mr.  Mackey  adopted  a  very  stern  attitude  towards  Mr.  Merz  when 
the  latter  appeared  before  him  as  a  witness.  Mr.  Mackey  cross- 
examined  Mr.  Merz  on  every  detail,  turning  him  inside  out,  and 
determined  to  catch  him  tripping  if  it  were  possible.  Finally,  it  is 
said,  Mr.  Mackey  quoted  the  authority  which  he  had  been  consult- 
ing, and  asked  Mr.  Merz  if  he  agreed  with  the  conclusions  of  the 
writer  of  the  article.  "  Yes, '  said  Mr.  Merz,  demurely,  "  I  quite 
agree  with  him.  In  fact,  I  wrote  the  article  on  which  you  have 
been  examining  me,  myself."  A  broad  smile  illumined  the  faces 
of  all  Mr.  Mackey 's  fellow  committeemen,  but  since  that  time  the 
chairman  himself  has  looked  upon  electrification  with  a  jaundiced 
eye. — BntUh  Auntralasian. 

The    Dynamicables.— The    Djnamicables    anniversary 

dinner  will  take  place  on  Wednesday,  April  2nd,  at  the  Trocadero 
Restaurant,  at  7.30  p.m.     Mr.  J.  E.  Kingsbury  will  be  in  the  chair. 

Ten  Vears  in  the  Xorwegian  ISitrate  Industry.— 

February  13th,  1903,  was  a  noteworthy  date  in  the  history  of  the 
nitrate  industry,  because  it  was  on  that  day  that  Prof.  Birkeland 


and  Engineer  S.  Eyde  met  together  and  came  to  a  final  decision 
with  regard  to  the  problem  of  extracting  nitrogen  from  the  air. 
There  is  no  industry  which  can  show  a  similar  development  in  the 
course  of  such  a  short  period  as  10  years.  The  start  was  made 
with  a  couple  of  men,  and  the  total  amount  of  power  employed 
was  no  more  than  5  H,  p.  OnFebruary  13th,  1 9 1 3,  there  were  employed 
about  400  engineers  and  officials  and  more  than  2,000  workmen,  while 
the  amount  of  electrical  power  used  had  risen  to  200.000  ii.p.  As  a 
result  of  this  activity,  there  has  grown  up  a  new  town  of  the  name 
of  Notodden,  which  has  a  population  of  between  4,000  and  5,000 
and  which  recently  obtained  all  the  rights  of  a  town.  Another  com- 
munity which  has  grown  up  in  the  same  neighbourhood,  viz., 
Riukan,  also  will  shortly  obtain  ottioial  recognition  as  a'town. 

Manufacturing    in    Russia.  —  The  question  of  the 

utilisation  of  the  power  of  the  small  Imatra  Falls  in  Finland,  to 
which  reference  has  been  made  on  former  occasions,  now  appears 
likely  to  form  a  matter  of  dispute.  A  concession  for  the  right  of 
use  of  the  falls  was  secured  some  time  ago  by  the  St.  Petersburg 
(1886)  Electric  Lighting  Co.,  which  proposes  to  erect  large  hydro- 
electric works  for  the  transmission  of  energy  to  St.  Petersburg  for 
its  own  services,  and  for  those  of  the  other  two  supply  companies 
in  the  capital.  But  the  Government  of  Finland  now  wishes  to 
retain  possession  of  the  Imatra  Falls,  and  also  to  utilise  the 
Rouhiala  Falls  in  connection  with  the  suggested  conversion  of  the 
Finnish  railways  to  electric  traction.  German  financial  interests 
who  are  concerned  with  the  three  supply  companies  in  St.  Peters- 
burg contend  that  if  the  Government  of  Finland  intends  to  prevent 
the  use  of  the  Imatra  Falls,  it  will  be  necessary  for  it  to  pay  full 
compensation  to  the  lighting  company  of  1886  on  account  of  ex- 
propriation. The  point  in  dispute  is  so  delicate  that  future  deve- 
lopments cannot  fail  to  be  of  interest,  especially  as  German  firms 
expect  large  orders  to  result  from  the  Tinnish  hydro-electric 
undertaking  for  the  additional  requirements  of  St.  Petersburg. 

An  Electric  Dinner. — An  informal  all-electric  dinner  at 

"Tricity  House,"  48,  Oxford  Street,  W..  on  March  14th,  is  the 
latest  venture  on  the  part  of  the  Students'  Section  of  the  Institu- 
tion of  Electrical  Engineers.  The  dinner  is  open  to  all  Students 
and  their  friends,  and  tickets  (price  23.  6d.  each)  are  to  be  obtained 
from  the  hon.  secretary  of  the  Students'  Section,  Mr.  E.  T.  Driver, 
24,  Bradgate  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

J^.  Inquiries. — Makers  of  "Rosalin"  soldering  paste,  and 
makers  of  chains,  14  and  !6  gauge,  are  asked  for. 

Appointments  Vacant. — Electrician  for  the  Cornwall 
County  Asylum  (24s.) ;  sub-station  foreman,  for  the  Shanghai 
Municipal  Council  ;  Meter  tester,  for  the  Birmingham  Corporation 
(30s.).     See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

The  Electrical  Iron  Industry  in  Norway  in  191;^.— 

There  are  now  three  electrical  ironworks  in  operation  in  Norway. 
The  new  industry  has  met  with  difficulties,  and,  as  compared  with 
the  electrical  iron  industry  of  Sweden,  it  has  made  slower  progress. 
The  first  works  set  in  operation  were  the  Hardanger  Electrical  Iron 
Works.  The  process  employed  at  these  works  is  that  of  the  Swedish 
Co.  ''  Electrometal,"  which  was  demonstrated  at  the  TroUhiittan 
Works.  The  total  production  of  electrical  pig-iron  in  1912 
amounted  to  2,200  tons,  and  the  number  of  men  employed  to  55. 
At  the  Ulefos  Iron  Works  there  is  also  a  small  electrical  plant  in 
operation.  The  production  of  electrical  pig-iron  in  1912  was  300 
tons,  which  was  used  in  the  foundry  belonging  to  the  iron- 
works. The  Tinfos  Electrical  Iron  Works  have  now  at  last  been 
able  to  make  a  start,  after  the  completion  of  the  plant,  which  was 
delayed  for  a  whole  year  on  account  of  late  deliveries  of  machinery 
and  materials,  while  they  also  were  kept  waiting  a  long  time  for 
the  necessary  permission  from  the  Government  to  erect  the  cable 
for  the  tran.smi8sion  of  energy.  At  the  end  of  the  year  there  were 
two  out  of  three  furnaces  in  operation.  The  production  of  each 
has  averaged  about  10  tons  of  pig-iron  per  24  hours,  which,  roughly, 
would  give  an  annual  production  of  3,000  tons  per  furnace,  or  9,000 
tons  for  the  whole  plant.  The  process  employed  at  these  works 
is  the  invention  of  a  Norwegian  engineer,  B.  Lorentzen,  and  the 
products  obtained  have  proved  to  be  of  excellent  quality.  The 
total  production  of  electrical  pig-iron  in  1912  was  thus  rather  more 
than  3,000  tons. 

The  Stavanger  Electro-Steel  Works  at  Jorpeland,  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Stavanger,  have  also  experienced  some  delay,  but  have 
now  been  completed  and  started.  The  necessary  power  is  derived 
from  the  Ryfylke  Waterfalls,  and  1.500  h.I".  are,  in  the  first 
instance,  going  to  be  employed.  The  annual  production  will, 
according  to  the  estimate,  be  about  6,000  tons  of  steel,  which  will 
be  produced  from  scrap  iron,  chitfly  from  old  ships,  which  is  first 
melted  in  a  Martin  furnace,  and  afterwards  refined  in  an  electric 
furnace.  The  electric  furnace  has  already  been  tested.  A  forge  is 
also  going  to  be  built  in  connection  with  the  steel  works. 

Electric  Smelting  of  Iron  Ore. — According  to  the 

Recite  Klevtrique  there  are  only  six  existing  electric  furnaces  for 
the  production  of  iron  by  the  direct  treatment  of  the  ore,  viz.  : — 
Four  in  Sweden:  TroUhattan  (2,500  H.P.),  Domnarfvet  (3,500  HP.), 
Hugfors  (two  of  3,000  H.p.  each)  ;  one  in  Norway  (Hardanger, 
3,500  H.p.)  and  one  in  California  (Heronlt  City,  3,000  h.p.).  Five 
other  furnaces  are  nearly  completed — one  of  3,500  h.p.  at  Har- 
danger (Norway),  three  of  3,000  h.p.  at  Arendal  (Norway),  and  one 
of  2,500  H.p.  in  Switzerland.  The  total  power  engaged  in  iron 
smelting  with  the  electric  furnace  is  at  present  about  32,500  b,p, 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,s|i,  Maiwhi  7,  I!»i:t. 


'I'lIK    FJiF.CTRTCAr.    KKVrKVV. 


8'.>1 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

Jlw  Editor*  invUf  (fluctrical  enginftim,  wlu'llwr  roiiiwrted  with  thx 
ttchnical  or  the  oommervial  mdn  of  t/ir  i>rofrii»ion  and  induntry, 
alio  iilficlrif  tramway  and  rniluuiy  oflifialii,  to  keep  readm  of  the 
ElkCTUIOAL  Rkview  iioxted  an  to  I  heir  morement*. 


Central   Station   Otliciiils.  —  Om-  note  of  last  wcok 

with  reference  to  Mr.  "J.  Phillip"  contained  inacouracies.  Ml(. 
A.  D.  rillLl.iP.s,  aBHiHtant  inanaper  of  the  Fife  Klectric  I'owor  Co,, 
who  has  jnHt  .socurod  the  appointin(mt  of  onifinoer  and  mannprcr  to 
the  DiirhyHhin-  and  NottinjihaniHhirc  Electric-  I'owor  Co.,  has  occu- 
pied his  poHition  at  Dunforinlinc  for  the  pant  seven  and  a  half  years. 
Ho  went  there  from  the  Glat'trow  Corporation  Klectricity  Depart- 
ment, not  from  Dundee  a.s  stated  hy  us. 

The  staff  of  the  Cardiff  ('jrporation  Electric  Light  and  Tramways 
Department  has  presented  a  solid  silver  salver  to  the  engineer  and 
manager,  Mu.  Aiitiiuk  Ei.i.i.^.  as  a  token  of  esteem  and  respect. 

Me.ssus.  a.  Saolkk,  of  Messrs.  Chapman  A:  Hall,  engineers,  and 
IF.  Stkad,  of  l.inkfield  Road,  Isleworth,  have  been  appointed  to 
l>ositions  on  the  works  and  oflice  stafls  respectively  of  the  Heston- 
Isleworth  Council's  electricity  undertaking. 

Among  a  number  of  increases  of  salary  granted  to  Corjwration 
ollicials  by  the  Wrexham  Town  Council,  was  that  of  the  electrical 
engineer,   from  £2."i0  to  £27,')  per  annum. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee 
of  the  H<iywood  Corporation  on  Monday,  a  letter  was  received 
from  Mu.  James  STOTr.  resigning  his  position  as  electrical 
engineer  and  manager,  on  account  of  ill-health  The  resignation 
was  accepted.  Mr.  Stott  has  held  the  appointment  for  a  number 
of  years. 

Tramway  Officials. — The  Bury  Corporation  Salaries 
I'ommittee  recommends  the  T.C.  to  advance  the  salary  of  the 
tramways  manajier,  Mk.  Wm.  Clouch,  from  £400  to  £450,  with  a 
further  advance  to  £'>(10  at  the  end  of  another  year. 

Mr.  L.  C.  I<'.  Bklla.my,  of  Liverpool,  has  been  appointed 
tramways  engineer  to  the  Ilkeston  Corporation.  Mr.  Bellamy  has 
for  three  years  been  assistant  manager  to  the  tramways  at  St. 
Helens. 

i\rK.  Charles  MrrTELHAUSEN,  who  has  recently  resigned  his 
position  as  engineer  and  manager  to  the  Bexley  Council  Tramways 
and  Electricity  Undertaking,  was  entertained  to  dinner  on 
February  28th,  at  Whitehall  Court,  by  the  tramways  managers  of 
the  greater  metropolitan  area.  The  chair  was  occupied  by  Mr.  H.  E. 
Blain,  West  Ham,  other  present  including  Messrs.  A.  Coveney 
(Erith),  S.  Dudman  (Dartford),  W.  E.  Hammond  (Metropolitan 
Electric),  L.  E.  Harvey  (Ilford),  A.  V.  Mason  (South  Metropolitan), 
F.  Schofield  (Leyton),  H.  P.  Stokes  (Bexley),  and  W.  C.  UUman 
(West  Ham).  Messrs.  Goodyer,  Holmes,  Murray,  and  Pott  were 
unavoidably  prevented  from  attendance.  All  present  expressed,  in 
very  warm  terms,  their  appreciation  of  3Ir.  Mettelhausen's  official 
and  personal  qualities,  and  their  good  wishes  for  his  health  and 
success  in  his  new  sphere. 

General, — A  correspondent  writes  :  "  It  will  interest 
your  athletic  readers  to  know  that  Mr.  Percy  Mitchell,  who 
acts  as  business  manager  for  Mr,  Cleave  (Messrs,  Drake  &  Gorham's 
Bristol  agent),  was  selected  to  play  centre  forward  for  Gloucester- 
shire in  the  Association  football  match,  Dorset  *■.  Gloucestershire 
on  the  Bristol  City  ground  on  February  26th.  In  one  of  the  reports 
of  the  match  Mr,  Mitchell  is  referred  to  as  follows  :  '  The  score 
was  equalised  after  clever  work  initiated  by  Mitchell,  of  St. 
Andrew's.  lie  ran  with  the  ball  for  20  yards,  and  when  he  was 
tackled  by  Brown,  Shervy  got  possession  and  passed  to  Powell,  who 
succeeded  in  finding  the  net.'  Unfortunately  for  Gloucestershire, 
their  opponents  scored  another  goal  in  the  second  half,  and,  un- 
doubtedly, Dorset  was  the  better  team.  Bristol  City  have  been 
angling  for  Mr.  Mitchell  for  some  time  past,  but  he  prefers  to  face 
the  future  with  the  light  of  the  Conference  lamps  still  shining 
brightly  on  his  path." 

Dr.  a.  R.  Forsyth,  F.R.S.,  has  been  appointed  chief  professor  of 
mathematics  at  the  Imperial  College  of  Science  and  Technology. 
Dr.  Forsyth  isv  of  world-wide  reputation,  and  will  carry  into  effect 
the  new  policy  framed  by  the  governing  body  of  the  college  in  con- 
nection with  the  revision  of  the  whole  of  the  mathematical 
teaching. 

We  learn  that  Mr.  Will  C.  Merger,  the  HeckmondwLke 
manager  for  Messrs.  H.  Hainsworth,  Ltd.,  has  been  appointed 
ehief  electrical  engineer  at  the  Holbrook  Colliery,  Halfway, 
.Sheffield.     There  were  over  1 .50  applicants. 

Mr.  a.  J.  Fippard,  of  the  Hankow  Waterworks  and  Electric 
Light  Co.,  Ltd.,  expects  to  arrive  in  England  about  April  2l6t,  on  a 
short  visit. 

Obitaarj'.— SiE  Wji.  Arrol  and  Sir  W>i.  White. — 

Within  the  past  few  days  the  country  has  lost  two  prominent  and 
justly-honoured  engineers,  Sir  Wm.  Arrol  and  Sir  Wm.  White,  K.C.B. 
Sir  Wm.  Arrol,  the  builder  of  the  Forth  Bridge,  was  no  less  an 
engineer  for  being  a  contractor.  Without  his  experience  and 
resource  in  overcoming  the  difficulties  of  what  was  then  a  novel 
method  of  bridge  building,  applied  to  one  of  the  most  formidable 
undertakings  ever  attempted,  the  work  would  not  have  been 
carried  through  so  rapidly,  or  constructed  so  soundly.  The  sinking 
of  the  great  caissons  on  to  unequal  foundations,  through  an 
unprecedented  depth  of  water,  was  the  first  stage  ;  and  the  last  was 
the  lifting  from  the  water-level,  and  erection  of  the  connecting 
girders — in  themselves  great  bridges — without  scafEolding.  with  the 


nole  Rupport  of  the  vaiit  cantilovem  that  Yw\  grown  out  boMljr  over 
the  Forth,  unHuptHirU-d  in  any  way,  and  carrying,  an  they  urt-vi,  all 
the  heavy  ta<;kl<)  reij iii red  iii  their  ow;i  conHtriictlon.  The  vinion 
Hplendid"  originated  in  the  brainH  of  .Sir  .lohii  Kowlfir  and  Sir 
Heiijamin  Baker.  For  iIh  ni  it><ri  iliHntiou,  Kir  Wm.  Arrol  wii« 
indispetisable.  Mis  wurkH  live  after  him,  and  will  endure  iw,  long 
as  good  material  and  honest  workmanxhip  can  Durvivo  the  attackn 
of  nature.  He  waif  a  good  (unployor  and  a  gcncroun  publicinindwi 
citi/.in.  To  Sir  Wm.  Whit*-  tho  eminnnt  naval  architect,  munt  be 
attributed  the  b<!ginning  of  the  extraordinary  pro(rrc"»  in  the  Hize  and 
power  of  battlflHhi])H  during  the  pa<t  2'i  y«ar».  I'rom  the  age  of  1 1 
till  the  year  l!Mi2,  with  an  interval  of  2  yeari  at  Mof.nr"  ArmHtrong'n 
Sir  Wm.  White  was  in  the  s'rrvice  of  the  N»vy.  Gra<liially  working 
hU  way  to  the  top,  he  was  for  the  last  Itl  years  ol  thtt  [>erii)d  chief 
constructor.  He  witnessed  and  encouraged  an  immense  extension  of 
the  use  of  electricity  on  war  vesoels,  for  internal  lighting,  for 
searchlights,  for  fire  control,  and  for  communication  from  ship  to 
ship  and  from  ship  to  shore  by  "  wireless.'  For  fwwer  purp<)pe»i, 
such  as  gun-laying,  ammunition  hoisting,  closing  bulkhea'ls,  work- 
ing capstans  and  cranes  and  other  auxiliary  machinery,  a  warship 
now  calls  for  the  highest  electrotechnieal  skill.  It  is  not  ru^ny 
months  since  .Sir  Wm.  White  was  discussing  at  Dumicethe  problem  of 
electrical  transmission  for  ship  propulsion.  He  was  a  strenuous 
supporter  of  the  leading  Engineering  Institutions,  and  engineers 
were  looking  forward  keenly  to  his  Presidency  of  the  British 
Association  at  Birmingham  this  year,  and  to  the  prominence  which 
might  be  expected  to  be  given  to  engineering  science  on  that 
occasion.  After  he  retired  from  the  service  of  the  Admiralty,  Sir 
Wm.  White  took  a  leading  part  in  the  design  of  the  Mainefiima. 
He  was  a  great  supporter  of  technical  education,  and,  having  carved 
his  own  way  to  eminence  and  success,  was  ever  ready  to  lend  a 
helping  hand  to  others.  His  sudden  seizure  in  his  office,  and  sub- 
sequent death  in  the  Westminster  Hospital,  have  given  a  painful 
shock  to  his  many  friends  and  to  the  engineering  profession 
generally. 

Mb.  W.  Musgrave,  J.P.— The  death  occurred  on  February  27th, 
aftera  brief  illness,  of  Mr.  Walter  Martin  Musgrave,  .I.P.,  managing 
director  of  Messrs.  John  Musgrave  it  Sons,  L';d  ,  of  Bolton,  and 
grandson  of  the  late  Mr.  John  Musgrave,  founder  of  the  concern  in 
1839.  The  deceased,  who  was  68  years  of  age,  had  spent  the  whole 
of  his  life  in  the  business,  and  in  1891  he  succeeded  his  father,  the 
late  Mr.  Joseph  Musgrave,  as  head  of  the  firm.  The  late  Mr. 
Musgrave  had  served  on  the  Bolton  Town  Council,  and  was  a 
borough  and  county  magistrate. 

Mr.  J,  G.  WiLSON-DiCKSON. — The  death  is  announced  from 
Biggar,  Scotland,  of  Mr.  John  Gordon  Wilson-Dickson,  member  of 
the  firm  of  Merz  &  McLellan,  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Woodbridge    and     District     Electric     Light    Co.,     Ltd. 

(127,395), — This  company  was  registered  on  February  2,5th,  with  a  capital  of 
:£'4,000  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on  the  basiness  indicated  by  the  title,  and  to 
adopt  an  agreement  with  the  Rural  Districts  Electric  Undertakings,  Ltd. 
The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  :— H.  T.  Harrison,  11,  Victoria  Street, 
8. W,  engineer ;  J.  H.  P.  Berthon,  91,  York  Street,  Westminster,  engineer ; 
8.  G.  Leech,  91,  Y^ork  Street.  Westminster,  engineer  ;  G.  Cornish,  51,  Clovelly 
Road,  Ealing,  W.,  clerk ;  J.  P.  Powell,  91,  Y'ork  Street,  Westminster,  secretary  ; 
W.  Q.  C.  Masham,  64,  New  Broad  Street,  E,C.,  incorporated  accountant; 
L.  E.  Jones,  Allendale,  Woodstock  Avenue,  Hendon,  N.W.,  merchant.  Mini- 
mum cash  subscription,  500  shares.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be 
less  than  two  or  more  than  seven  :  the  first  are  H.  T.  Harrison,  8.  Q.  Leecb, 
0.  H.  Valpy  and  W.  Rigga;  qualification,  JEIOG.  Registered  by  Jones,  Son  and 
Andrews,  Capel  House,  New  Broad  Street,  E.G. 

Mea  Magneto,  Ltd.  (127,.390).— This  company  was  registered 
on  February  25th,  with  a  capital  of  j£5,000  in  4,95D  prefe-ence  shares  of  £1 
each,  and  1,003  founders'  shares  of  Is.  each,  to  carry  on  the  basiness  of  manu- 
facturers of,  and  dealers  in,  magaetos,  m.agaeto  parts,  and  accessories, 
motors,  motor-cars,  cycles,  4c  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  — 
B,  Metz,  3,  Great  Winchester  Street,  E.G.,  mercnant ;  H.  W.  Cook.  Iverdal, 
Billerioay,  confidential  clerk  Private  company.  The  numb  ?r  of  directors  is 
not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  five  :  the  subscribers  are  to  appoint  the 
first.  No  qualification  required.  Registered  by  Goldberg,  Barrett  4  Newall, 
2-3,  West  Street,  Finsbury  Circus,  E.G. 

Research  Laboratory,   Ltd.   (127,422).— This    company  was 

registered  on  February  26th,  with  a  capital  of  £1,000  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on 
the  business  of  chemists,  druggists,  drysalters,  electricians,  engineers,  sup- 
pliers of  electricity  for  light,  heat  or  power,  Ac.  The  subscribers  (with  one 
share  each)  are— G.  T.  W.  Olver,  Fo.Tloro,  Datchet,  telegraph  engineer. 
A.  Williams,  75,  Rodenhurst  Road,  Clapham  Park,  8.W.,  engineer.  Private 
company.  The  first  directors  are  not  named.  J.  Abernetby  is  the  first  secre- 
tary.   Registered  office,  20,  Bucklersbury,  E.G. 

fiubelite,  Ltd.  (127.478). — This  company  was  registered  on 
February  28tb,  with  a  capital  of  £500  in  Is.  shares,  to  ad-ipt  an  agreement  with 
W.  Rubel  and  L.  W.  Holmes,  and  to  carry  on  the  bu.?iness  therein  referred  to 
(undescribed  in  memorandum  of  association).  The  subscribers  (with  one 
share  each)  are  :— W.  Rnbel,  Berlin  Charlottenburg  Reichstr.  103,  hutien- 
chemiker  and  metallurge;  ij.  W.  Holmes,  48,  Great  Russell  Street,  W.C., 
electrical  engineer.  Private  company.  The  first  directors  are  W.  Rubel, 
J.  Waldthausen,  A.  G.  Temple,  L.  W.  Holmes  and  H.  M.  Harris.  Registered 
by  Hioks,  Arnold  &  Mozley,  35,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

Eebesi,  Ltd.  (127.391).— This  company  was  registered  o!i 
February  2oth,  with  a  cap,tal  of  £1,000  in  £1  shares,  to  purchase  an  option 
relating  to  type-printing  telegraph  systems,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with 
E.  J.  Reid  and  Reid  Broihors,  engineers,  Ltd.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share 
each)  are;-E.  J.  Reid,  13,Whaif  Road,  N.,  engineer;  M.  R  berts,  187,  Victoria 
Street,  S.W.,  oivil  engineer.  Private  ccmpaiiv,  Thf  number  of  directors  is 
not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  six  :  tha  first  are  E.  J.  Reid.  M. 
Roberts,  W.  B.  Good  and  W.  E.  Reid;  qualification  £50;  remuseration  as 
fixed  by  the  company;  secrctarv,  W.  E.  Keid.  Registered  oCace,  12,  Wharf 
Boad,  City  Road,  N. 


392 


THE    ELECTEICAL    BEVIEW.         [Voi.72.  No.i,8ii,march  7, 1913. 


OrnOIAL    RETURNS    OP    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


Midland  Ipiiitlon  lo.,   Ltd.- Debenture  dated  Febmarj  14th 

lyl3,  to  secure  fiiOO,  charged  on  the  company's  undertaking  and  property! 
present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.  Holders  :  Capital  and  Counties 
Bank,  Ltd.,  2.1,  Corporation  Street,  Birmingham. 

South  London  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd.— Issue  on 

February  Uth,  o(  leoo.  and  on  February  18th,  1913,  of  £1,000  debentures,  parts 
of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have  already  been  filed. 

Works  Control,  Ltd.-  Particulars  of  £.500  debentures,  created 
Fehrunryfithigi.S,  filed  ruriuant  to  Sec.  93  (S)  of  the  Companies' (Consolida- 
lion)  Act,  1908,  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being  ;e200.  Property  charged  ■ 
The  company's  property,  present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.  No 
trustees. 

Indian  Electric  Supply  and  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.— A  memo- 
randum of  satisfaction  in  full  on  February  5th,  1913,  of  mortgage  dated 
November  18th,  1910,  securing  £50,000,  has  been  filed.  ^B        »    u 

RaTTlings  Bros.,  Ltd.— Trust  deed  dated  February  20th  lOUH. 
(supplemental  to  trust  deed  of  December  27th,  1910,  securing  .110  000 debenture 
stock,  of  which  £5,062  is  now  outstanding),  charged  on  various  properties  in 
Kensington,  Chiswick,  and  Westminster.  Trustees  :  J.  W.  Keacher  4  Oueen 
Victoria  Street,  E.C. ;  and  W.  R.  Rawlings,  Lakeside,  Wimbledon  Par'krS.W. 

Alumir."   m    Stamping    Co.,    Ltd.— Particulars    of    £1,500 

debentures,  created  February  17th.  1913,  filed  pursuant  to  See.  93  (8)  of  the 
Companies'  (Consolidation)  Act,  1908,  the  whole  amount  being  now  issued 
Property  charged  :  The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and 
fatnre,  including  uncalled  capital.    No  trustees. 


CITY    NOTES. 


tountv  ot  London  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December  .'Jlst,  1912, 
states  that  the  capital  expended  on  account  of  the  company's 
London  districts  amounted  to  £71.902,  and  the  net  total  expenditure 
in  respect  of  those  districts  now  amounted  to  i!  1,885,6-18.  The 
balance  from  revenue  account  No.  II,  after  deducting  generation 
and  distribution  costs,  rents,  rates,  taxes,  wages,  directors'  fees 
greneral  establishment  and  other  charges,  and  proportion  of  salaries' 
was  £134,082  plus  £3,1.52  broaght  forward,  making  £1.37,214 
available,  less  interest  on  the  first  and  second  debenture  stock  and 
interest  on  temporary  loans  to  December  31st,  1912  (less  income- 
tax),  £44,039,  and  amount  carried  to  reserve  for  depreciation 
repairs,  renewals,  .tc,  £27,.-)0O,  leaving  for  distribution  for  the 
year  £65,675.  Interim  diWdends  on  55,000  6  per  cent,  preference 
shares,  on  40,000  ordinary  shares,  and  on  19,000  new  ordinary 
shares  from  the  due  dates  of  calls,  for  the  half-year  ended  June  30th, 
1912,  at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent,  per  annum,  less  income-tax,  had 
been  paid  and  now  required  confirmation.  These  interim  dividends 
absorbed  £23,663,  and  left  for  further  distribution  £42,012 
The  directors  now  recommend  a  further  dividend  on  the  6  per 
cent,  fully-paid  preference  shares  for  the  last  half-year,  and  a 
farther  dividend  on  ordinary  shares  and  new  ordinary  shares  for  the 
half-year  ended  December  at  the  rate  of  8  per  cent,  per  annum,  less 
income-tax.  These  payments  will  absorb  £36,796,  and  leave  £,5  215 
to  be  carried  forward.  ' 

The  applications  received  during  the  past  year  amounted  to  the 
equivalent  of  4,023  kw.,  making  the  total  at  December  Slst  last 
45,362  KW.  The  total  units  sold  were  22,512,478,  as  against 
20,450,787  for  the  previous  year,  being  an  increase  of  2.061,691 
units.  The  number  of  consumers  has  increased  from  18,459  to 
20,246.  The  funds  required  to  meet  the  capital  expenditure 
incidental  to  the  rapidly-growing  business  of  the  company  have 
been  provided  by  an  issue  in  March  last  of  19,000  ordinary  shares 
at  par.  In  spite  of  the  dislocation  of  business  resulting  from  the 
trouble  with  the  transport  workers  and  the  coal  strike,  the  com- 
pany maintained  a  full  supply  to  all  consumers.  The  increased 
costs  involved  have  lieen  partially  met  by  increased  economies  in 
generation.  The  directors  of  the  Bournemouth  and  Poole  Electricity 
Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  declared  a  final  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares 
of  that  company  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum,  making  6  per 
cent,  for  the  year.  The  business  of  the  Coatbridge  and  Airdrie 
Electric  Supply  Co ,  Ltd.,  continues  to  show  substantial  improve- 
ment. The  units  sold  during  the  year  aiiionnted  to  4,445,035,  being 
an  increase  of  over  25  per  cent. 

Units  generated . .  29  6;i6  2.58 

Unite  sold— Public  lamps  '57524 

Private  consumers  by  meter  ^-i  4.'>l  954 

Total '22;512;47H 

2.4S6,.'-/67 


Used  on  works 
Total  accounted  tor 
Not  accounted  (or 

Public  lamps  

Total  maximum  supply  demnnded,  k«. 


24,948,045 
4,fi88,213 

12,800 


The  meeting  is  called  for  March  1 0th  at  the  offices. 


London  I  nited  Traniwa.vs.  Ltd.— The  direct/iis  report 

a  net  revenue  of  £109,793  for  TJli'.  After  paying  interest  on 
debenture  stock  and  loan?,  £41,22n  remains — a  decrease  of  £1.5,203, 
as  compared  with  1911.  *!lo,000  is  to  be  placed  to  general  reserve! 
£25.000  to  reserve  for  renewal?  and  contingencie*,  and  £i  3a« 
carried  forward.     The  meeting  is  called  for  March  12th. 


Fife  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd. 

Mii.  Wm.  Low,  of  Blebo,  presided  at  the  fourth  annual  general 
meeting,  held  in  Edinburgh  on  Friday  last.  For  the  benefit  of  new 
shareholders,  the  chairman  explained  that  the  earnings  of  this 
company  were  wholly  derived  from  dividends  and  fees  received 
from  the  Dunfermline  and  District  Tramways  Co.,  the  Fife  Electric 
Power  Co.,  and  this  year,  to  a  small  extent,  from  the  earnings 
derived  from  the  electric  lighting  companies  taking  power  from 
the  Fife  Electric  Power  Co,  The  company  owns  the  whole  of  the 
issued  capital  of  the  companies  referred  to.  A  sum  of  approxi- 
mately £60,000  had  been  expended  during  the  year  in  new  capital 
works,  against  which  shares  were  issued  to  this  company  by  the 
two  statutory  companies.  The  earnings  derived  from  the  Tram- 
ways Co.  during  the  year,  paid  over  to  this  company  as  dividends 
and  management  fees,  amounted  io  £12,200,  compared  with 
£12,600  for  the  year  1911.  This  slight  fall  off  could  be  accounted 
for  by  the  want  of  circulation  of  money  during  the  coal  strike 
last  spring.  The  lines  operated  during  the  year  were  the  same  as 
during  1911,  with  the  exception  that  the  Lochore  extension  was 
opened  on  December  Gth.  The  benefit  of  this  extension  would  be 
felt  during  the  current  year.  The  Fife  Electric  Power  Co.  had 
made  substantial  progress  during  the  year.  The  consumers  con- 
nected in  1910  were  176;  in  1911,  263;  and  in  1912,  381.  The 
receipts  in  1910  were  £6,700:  in  1911,  £8,700;  and  in  1912, 
£12,200.  The  receipts  for  .lanuary  were  £1,880.  compared  with 
£l,2i'i0  in  January,  1912.  During  the  year  transmission  lines  were 
opened  northward  to  Frenchie,  and  from  Wemyss  towards  Lcven. 
Cables  were  also  laid  froln  the  power  station  to  the  west  and  south 
of  the  Burghof  Dunfermline  and  from  Dunfermline  to  Inverkeithing. 
During  the  current  year,  the  directors  propofed  to  largely  increase 
the  plant  at  the  generating  station  to  deal  with  the  rapidly  increas- 
ing demand,  and  to  extend  the  transmission  lines  and  cables  to 
further  duplicate  the  supply  to  certain  areas.  He  moved  the  adop- 
tion of  the  report,  and  the  declaration  of  a  dividend  on  the  prefer- 
ence shares  for  the  half-year  to  December  31st,  1912,  at  the  rate  of 
6  per  cent,  per  annum,  and  a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the 
year  at  tne  rate  of  3  per  cent,  per  annum. 

Mb.  George  Balfouk,  in  seconding  the  resolution,  mnde  special 
reference  to  the  recommendation  by  the  directors  that  a  dividend  of 
3  per  cent,  should  be  declared  on  the  ordinary  shares.  With  regard 
to  this,  he  pointed  out  that  the  capital  expenditure  during  the  year 
referred  to  by  the  chairman  would  be  productive  of  a  substantial 
increase  in  the  revenue  in  the  current  year,  and  that  the  directors 
had  this  rapid  increase  in  view  in  making  the  recommendation. 

The  report  was  adopted. 


Capital  Expansion  in  Germany. 

The  capital  requirements  of  the  German  Transmarine  Electricity 
Co.  (Deutsch-Ueberseeische  Elektrizilats  Ges.),  notwithstanding  the 
various  large  issues  in  recent  years,  have  not  yet  been  brought  to  a 
conclusion,  a  fresh  emission  of  .£1,250,000  in  the  form  of  5  per  cent, 
bonds  being  now  in  contemplation.  As  is  known,  the  company 
poEsesses  an  extensive  supply  undertaking  in  Buenos  Ayree,  and  is 
also  interested  in  other  enterprises  at  Santiago,  ■\'alparaiso  and 
Monte  '\rideo.  The  share  capital  already  amounts  to  £6,000,000, 
and  the  loans  to  £4,260,000,  whilst  the  further  issue  of  £1,250,000 
will  raise  the  total  to  £11,500,(100.  The  new  emission  is  prompted 
by  the  increase  in  the  sale  of  current  and  the  extension  of  the 
circles  of  consumers,  particularly  in  Buenos  Ayres,  where  cables  are 
being  laid  in  the  most  distant  parts  of  the  city  in  view  of  pros- 
pective competition  on  the  part  of  the  Lacroze  Co.  and  the  Italo- 
Argentine  Co. 

The  Schnckert  Electricity  Co.,  of  Xuremburg,  proposes  to  raise 
fresh  capital  by  the  issue  of  a  new  ■! ',  per  cent,  loan  of  £750,000, 
and  application  has  already  been  made  for  the  admission  of  the 
loan  to  the  Berlin  Stock  Exchange.  Since  the  dividends  paid  on 
the  ordinary  share  capital  again  began  to  assume  an  upward 
direction  in  1909,  the  increase  in  the  company's  capital  has  been 
rapid.  The  ordinary  shares  now  amount  to  £3,500,000,  and  the 
loan  capital  to  £1,800,000,  whilst  the  further  emission  in  con- 
templation will  raise  the  latter  to  about  £2,500,0t().  Out  of  the 
total  capital  already  issued  the  company's  interests  in  the  Siemens- 
Schuckert  works,  of  which  it  is  joint  proprietor  with  the 
Siemens  i:  Halske  Co.,  reached  the  sum  of  £3,497,000  at 
the  end  of  the  financial  year  1911-12.  The  Schuskert  Co. 
now  explains  that  the  continued  great  activity  of  the 
Siemens-Schuckert  works  has  been  attended  with  fresh  capital 
requirements,  and  the  two  proprietory  companies  intend  to 
advance  a  further  loan  of  £l,000.0iio  for  this  purjiose.  This 
transaction  will  raito  the  amount  of  thi  non-terminable  loans  to 
£3.500,000,  so  that  with  the  ordinary  capital  of  £4,500,000,  and 
th<'  bond  capital  of  £4.000,000.  the  grand  total  of  the  capital  of 
the  Sicmf-ns-Schuckert  Works  will  l.e  brought  up  to  £12.000,000. 
It  is  proposed  to  provide  the  SchucVert  Co.  s  share  of  £500,000  in 
the  new  loan  to  the  S.S.  Works  out  of  the  issue  of  4 i  per  cent, 
bonds  for  £750,000  as  already  mentioned,  jvhilst  the  balance  will 
be  devoted,  among  other  matters,  to  the  expansion  of  the  company's 
Russian  undertaking  in  conjunction  with  the  heavy  electrical 
engineering  works  of  the  Russian  Siemens  \-  Halske  Co.  It  is  no< 
yet  known  what  method  will  be  adopted  by  the  Berlin  Siemens  aini 
Halske  Co.  for  the  provision  of  its  half  share  of  £.'iOo.oi)ii  m  thi 
■aew  fixed  loan  of  £1.000,000  to  the  S.S.  Works, 


Vol.  72.     No.  l.Nll,  MAnoil  7,  101  M.l 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


Bruce  Peebles  &  Cu.,  Ltd. 

In  the  oourae  of  bix  Hpcooh  at  the  fourth  annual  ifonerul  moetinif 
of  this  company,  held  at  Eflinbur(jrh  lant  Friday,  28th  ult ,  Mit.  F.  E. 
Andhkws,  the  chairman,  exproHHed  the  deop  regret  of  the  directorB 
that  the  report  and  accounts  wore  not  of  a  more  HatiHfactory  nature. 
A  year  u>;o,  they  all  looked  forward  toaHuccoHHfulyearond  anticipated 
with  8oni(!  conlidence  that  the  (umHideralilo  prourewH  that  had  already 
Ween  achieved  would  not  only  tx;  mnintnined,  hut  would  1hi  appre- 
ciably improved  upon  durintr  1"J12.  Thin  had  not  been  the  cawe. 
The  oufstandinir  feature  of  the  year  had  boon  the  e.\traordinary 
number  of  HtrikeH  which  had  taken  place,  the  evil  effects  of  which, 
unfortunately  for  all  concerned,  were  reflected  in  their  trodini; 
results.  The  extremely  difUcult  labour  conditionH  which  had  pre- 
vailed durintf  the  whole  period  had  sadly  hampered  manufacturers, 
and  whilst  pravely  affcctinjif  employers,  had  been  seriously  ilctri- 
mental  to  the  best  interests  of  the  workmen  tbemselves.  In  the 
early  part  of  the  year,  whilst  they  were  still  feelinfr  the 
effects  of  the  railway  strike,  the  strike  of  the  coal  miners 
took  place,  causinff  serioi  s  disorganisation  of  the  works,  for, 
although  they  had  naturally  provided  as  far  as  possible  aprainst 
the  contingency  by  laying  in  a  large  and  adequate  stock  of  fuel, 
this  did  not  help  them  much,  as  they  were  (|uite  unable  to  obtain 
supplies  of  raw  materials  from  other  works,  and  even  now  it  was 
impossible  to  get  them  in  anything  like  a  reasonable  time.  The 
strike  also  cost  the  company  a  considerable  amount  owing  to  the 
increase  in  the  price  of  fuel,  not  only  during  the  strike,  but  after- 
wards, because  fuel  prices  were  now  on  a  much  higher  level  than 
previously.  Following  the  ooal  strike  there  was  the  dockers'  strike 
in  Glasgow,  London,  and  Leitb,  and  then  in  August  there  was  a 
serious  strike  of  apprentices  in  Scotland.  They  demanded  an 
increase  of  wages  in  order  to  make  up  for  the  amounts  which  the 
companies  were  obliged  to  deduct  in  compliance  with  the  National 
Insurance  Act.  This  Act  was  another  burden  on  industry,  and  it 
was  difficult  to  see  what  recompense,  either  direct  or  indirect, 
manufacturer:^  could  possibly  derive  therefrom,  unless  it  proved 
trde,  as  he  thought  it  would,  that  the  passing  of  the  National 
Insurance  Act  was  the  tolling  of  the  knell  of  Trade  Unions. 
Shortly  after  the  apprentices'  strike  they  had  two  strikes  of  the 
carters  at  Leith,  which  again  impeded  them  by  still  further 
delaying  delivery  of  raw  materials,  and  finally  towards  the  end 
of  the  year  a,  strike  of  electrical  winders  took  place, 
and  this  had  only  recently  been  settled.  All  these 
strikes  had  the  effect  not  only  of  increasing  the  expenses 
of  the  year,  but  they  seriously  interfered  with  the  output  of  the 
works,  which  might  have  been  much  greater  but  for  these  troubles. 
Thus  1912  had  been  a  distinctly  worrying  and  trying  period,  during 
the  whole  of  which  they  had  been  anxiously  contending  with 
seriously  adverse  labonr  conditions — conditions  largely  brought 
about  by  present-day  politicians,  whose  chief  aim  seemed  to  be  to 
pass  pernicious  and  ill-considered  legislation,  which  only  hampered 
the  masters  and  irritated  the  men,  and  was  therefore  bound,  soomr 
or  later,  to  cause  disagreement.  Then,  when  disputes  arose,  the 
Government  stepped  in  and  patched  up  a  so-called  peace,  which  was 
unsatisfactory  to  all  concerned.  In  his  opinion,  the  ultimate  effect 
of  Government  interference  in  industrial  disputes  was  disastrous. 
All  these  strikes  naturally  caused  a  steady  rise  in  the  item  of 
labour  on  all  contracts  they  had  in  hand  ;  but,  apart  from  this, 
there  had  been  a  considerable  increase  in  the  cost  of  all  raw 
materials,  so  that  when  one  considered  the  very  low  prices  it  had 
been  possible  to  obtain  for  electrical  machinery,  it  was  not  diflBcult 
to  account,  to  a  large  extent,  for  the  poor  results  of  the  year's 
working.  But  although  these  results  were  disappointing  to  all, 
especially  to  those  on  his  side  of  the  table,  representing  as  they 
did  such  a  large  proportion  of  the  total  capital  of  the  company, 
they  would  be  glad  to  hear  that  in  some  directions  they  had  con- 
tinned  to  make  a  steady  and  substantial  progress.  The  total  value 
of  orders  obtained  had  been  greater  than  at  any  time  during  the 
existence  of  the  present  company,  and  they  were  now  approaching 
the  maximum  capacity  of  their  existing  workshops.  The  volume 
of  work  given  out  in  the  home  markets  had  undoubtedly  been 
greater  than  for  a  long  time  past,  and  they  had  been  successful  in 
obtaining  a  fair  share,  but  it  was  unfortunately  the  fact  that 
prices  had  not  until  quite  recently  improved  to  any  appreciable 
extent,  and  they  showed  an  inadequate  margin  over  the  bare  cost 
of  materials  and  wages.  Orders  also  were  still  often  placed  under 
conditions  which  entailed  giving  unreasonably  long  credit  for  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  the  contract  sum  and  on  terms  which  were 
unfair  to  the  manufacturer.  In  this  connection,  however,  some 
improvement  had  been  brought  about  by  the  British  Electrical 
Manufacturers'  Association — their  efforts,  under  the  able  chairman- 
ship of  Mr.  Bruce  Anderson,  were  already  bearing  fruit,  and  he  could 
only  express  the. hope  that  their  admirable  w^ork  in  the  interests  of 
the  industry  would  be  vigorously  continued.  They  themselves  had, 
in  a  slight  degree,  as  the  works  got  full,  been  able  to  discriminate 
to  some  extent  in  the  contracts  they  had  accepted,  but  on  account 
of  unreasonable  terms  and  conditions  they  had  had  to  allow  some 
business  to  go  past  them,  and  had  had  also  to  decline  more 
than  one  substantial  order,  because  they  felt  it  was  impossible 
to  obtain  the  raw  materials  in  time  to  enable  them  to  deliver 
f)y  the  date  required,  and  they  were  not  disposed  to  jeopardise 
their  reputation  for  good  deliveries  and  run  the  risk  of  incurring 
penalties  for  being  late.  However,  they  had  not  very  much  ground 
of  complaint  regarding  the  amount  of  work  which  had  been 
entrusted  to  them,  and  he  was  not  without  hope  that  the  present 
tendency  of  prices  to  harden  slightly  would  continue  and  the 
general  position  be  thereby  somewhat  improved.  With  regard  to 
foreign  business,  they  had  continued  their  active  campaign  abroad, 
and  in  pursuance  of  this  policy  sent  one  of  their  engineers  on  a  five 
months'  tonr  in  South  America,  during  which  time  he  visited  their 


agencies  in  Bra/.il.  Argimtine  and  Chile.  The  renultJi  of  hi*  joumoy 
wore  <|uit«  HatiHfactory,  and  he  had  no  doubt,  aa  timo  wtmt  on,  they 
would  f>e  rccompeniu'd  by  inoreaxcd  boKlncoH  from  thoM  ooantriM, 
in  the  saino  way  aH  tln-y  hod  reap«-<l  imprnvlnir  rexulfji  from  other 
partM  of  the  world  which  hod  been  iiimilarly  vif.it^d  f<y  their 
engineers  on  previous  occanionn.  Klectrical  cnifinecrinif  wu  k 
Hcience  that  pr.itrrcHHfd  at  a  groat  mt<',  and  rna»;hinery  tfiat  wa» 
jiidgeil  splendid  three  or  four  yoarH  ago,  wan  only  condidercd  very 
pasHable  to-ilay.  Hence  it  waH  CHHential  for  manufacturfrii  who 
intended  to  keep  in  the  front  rank  to  f<c  continually  overhaiiiinif 
and  improving  their  designH.  The  machinery  that  they  turned  out 
continued  to  give  every  natisfaction.  and  it  waH  an  eminently 
gratifying  feature  that  the  niimlx;r  of  cuttomeni  on  the  bookii  wm 
constantly  and  steadily  increaning.  In  the  account**.  baildin(^r. 
machinery  and  plant  stood  at  the  same  figure  as  before.  Of  conrne, 
it  would  be  very  desirable  to  write  off  a  certain  amount  for  depre- 
ciation, but  this  was  obviously  not  feasible  until  the  proBts  were 
sufficient.  All  additions  to  loose  plant  and  tools  were  debited 
against  the  results  of  each  year,  and  everything  wa«  kept  in  a  very 
high  state  of  efficiency,  a  considerable  sum  being  spent  each  year  in 
so  doing- -this  year  no  less  than  £-t,13H.  This  amount  wac,  of 
course,  appropriated  from  the  revenue  before  arriving  at  the  fignree 
in  the  profit  and  loss  account.  Fuel  cost  £l,iiOl  more  than  in  the 
previous  year,  and  the  Workmen's  f'ompenfation  Act  tended  to 
become  an  ever-increasing  burden,  for  whereas  when  the  Bill  wan 
under  discussion  it  was  stated  that  the  cost  to  the  employer  would 
not  be  more  than  Is.  fid.  on  each  £100  of  wage.^  paid,  the  average 
was  now  something  like  25s.  per  £100,  and  very  pofsibly  it  might 
go  still  higher.  Stock,  stores  and  work  in  progress  stood  at 
£52,2.'<2  this  year,  as  against  £36,l«l  before,  which  was  an  indica- 
tion of  the  increased  volume  of  work  in  hand  at  the  end  of  the 
year.  The  orders  in  hand  at  the  present  time  were  sufficient  to 
keep  the  works  going  at  their  full  capacity  for  some  time.  Debts 
due  to  the  company  stood  at  £48, (;s<6,  whilst  the  debts  owing  by 
them  amounted  to  £S0,517.  showing  a  balance  in  the  company's 
favour  of  over  £18,000,  whilst  the  actual  cash  in  hand  was  over 
£10,000,  so  that  their  position  in  this  respect  was  (luite  satisfactory. 
The  profit  of  £3,Sfi,5  from  the  manufacturing  and  trading  account 
was,  unfortunately,  smaller  this  year  than  last,  so  that  after  paying 
the  interest,  amounting  to  £3,4.52,  on  the  mortgage  debentures, 
and  allowing  for  the  interest  of  £3,987  accrued  on  the  unBecored 
debentures,  there  was  an  adverse  balance  on  the  year's  working. 
This  shortage,  however,  was  more  apparent  than  real,  and  did  not 
affect  their  cash  position  to  any  appreciable  extent.  The  net  result 
of  the  year  was  that,  after  paying  all  expenses  and  spending  £4,138 
on  the  efficient  maintenance  of  their  plant,  they  had  a  surplus 
nearly  sufficient  to  cover  their  mortgage  debenture  interest.  Since 
the  formation  of  the  company,  each  year  up  to  the  present  had 
shown  substantial  progress.  What  was  now  wanted  was  a  period 
of  immunity  from  these  incessant  labour  troubles,  so  that  employers 
and  employed  could  proceed  steadily  with  their  legitimate  work. 
Though  disappointed,  he,  personally,  was  neither  discouraged  nor 
disheartened  ;  the  outlook  was  distinctly  brighter,  and  he  had 
reason  to  think  that  when  they  met  next  year  they  would  be  able 
to  look  back  on  1913  with  much  more  pleasurable  feelings  than 
they  did  on  1912. 
The  report  was  adopted. 


Aberdeen  Snbaiban  Tramways  Co.— At  the  half- 
yearly  meeting  Mr.  A.  Wilkie.  managing  director.in  moving  the  adop- 
tion of  the  report,  said  that  the  directors  had  been  considering  the 
extension  of  the  tramway  system  both  on  Deeside  and  Donside.  and 
had  had  under  consideration  various  systems,  both  trackless  trolley- 
cars  and  motor-buses.  The  leading  factor  which  the  directors  had 
to  keep  in  view  was  the  cost  of  power.  They  would  have  to  get 
their  electrical  supply  at  a  more  reasonable  price.  Motor-'bnses 
had  greatly  improved  lately,  but  if  they  could  get  their  electricity 
at  a  slightly  reduced  cost  they  might  favour  the  trackless  trolley 
system.  They  were  jnst  now  waiting  for  a  reply  from  the  Corpora- 
tion with  regard  to  the  price  they  were  going  to  charge  for  the 
electricity.  No  doubt  that  would  have  a  great  deal  to  do  with  the 
decision  which  the  directors  might  submit  to  the  shareholders  at  a 
future  meeting.    The  reports  were  adopted. 

Metropolitan     Electric     Supply     Co..    Ltd.— The 

directors  announce  a  dividend  for  the  List  half-year  of  1912  at  the 
rate  of  45  per  cent,  per  annum,  making  4  J  per  cent,  for  the  year, 
as  against  4  per  cent,  in  1911,  placing  £20,000  to  reserve,  as  against 
£17,000. 

Brompton  and  Kensington  Electricity  Supply  Co.. 

Ltd.— The  T!wi:<  states  that,  after  appropriating  to  depreciation 
and  sundry  reserve  accounts  £14.200,  the  directors  recommend  the 
payment  of  a  final  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the  half- 
year  ended  December  31st  at  the  rate  of  U  per  cent,  per  annum, 
making  10  per  cent,  for  the  year,  carrying  forward  £7,001. 

Willans  &  Robinson.  Ltd.— .\  petition  for  confirming 

the  reduction  of  the  capital  from  £4S3,336  to  £141,665  ia  to  be 
heard  in  London  on  April  4th.  An  announcement  on  the  matter 
appears  in  our  advertisement  pages  to-d^. 

California  Railway  and  Power  Co.— The  directoi^ 

have  declared  an  initial  dividend  of  1 J  per  cent.,  or  at  the  rate  of 
7  per  cent,  per  annum,  on  the  prior  preference  stock. 

Ottawa  Electric  Railway  Co.— A  dividend  of  12  per 

cent,,  with  a  bonus  of  3  per  cent,  for  the  past  year,  is  announced  in 
a  financial  daily. 


391 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW.         [Voi.72.   no.i,84i,mabch7,  1913. 


^etalite.  Ltd. 

The  aaiourued  second  annual  Reneral  meetine  was  held  on  Friday 
Hi  20  22,  Chrietopher  Street,  Finsbury,  E.C,  Mr.  W.  Stewart,  the 
chairman,  presiding.  ,,,,11.     ,j„„„ 

The  Chmrman.  in  proposing  a  resolution  for  the  further  adjourn- 
ment of  'the  meeting  until  April  2yth  when  the  audit  of  the 
accounts  would  be  completed,  said  that  the  bank,  on  the  6th  inst., 
anoointed  a  I!  >ceiver  of  the  compaiiys  property  to  secure  an 
advance  which  they  had  made.  In  the  meantime,  the  Directors 
were  not  lettintr  the  frrass  grow  under  their  feet,  and  arrangements 
were  practically  complete  for  placing  at  the  company  s  dn-pofal  a 
minimum  of  M.  \2J,i^)  within  a  period  of  two  months.  ^  "der  'he 
contemplated  arrangement,  the  board  would  be  strengthfined  by 
the  appointment  of  additional  directors,  which,  he  thought,  cou  d 
.,nly  be  for  the  benefit  of  the  company  and  the  sharehoblers.  Jle 
would  give  them  full  details  at  the  nf.\t  meeting,  and  111  the 
meantime,  he  was  glad  to  be  able  to  tell  them  that  the  series  of 
.lebenture-holders.  in  order  to  assist  the  company,  hud  agreed  to 
lostpone  their  security,  so  that  there  did  not  aprcar  to  beany 
likelihood  of  the  matter  falling  through.  The  £2r,,000  ^Pt'es  of 
debenture-^  were  held  almost  exclusively  by  the  director^  and  their 
friends  He  was  satisfied  that  under  the  proposed  arrangement 
the  company  would  have  an  excellent  opportunity  afforded  it  of 
doing  a  profitable  business.  The  whole  details  would  be  placed 
before  the  shareholders  at  the  adjourned  meeting. 

A  shareholder  said  he  would  like  to  a.-^k  whether  the  directors  and 
the  secretary  had  retired.  .        . 

The  Chaik.m.\x  :  Neither  the   directors  nor  the  secretary  have 

'"^Thl  shareholder  said  he  would  like  to  know  whether  the  new 
lamp  was  being  manufactured,  and  whether  it  belonged  to  the 
company  Further,  he  wished  to  know  whether  there  was  any 
litigation  pending  against  the  company  or  the  directors.  He 
rernembered  that  at  the  meeting  at  Derby  there  were  threats  of 
liti-ation  and  he  would  like  to  know  whether  they  were  still  pend- 
ing" or  if  they  had  been  settled,  in  what  manner.  He  further 
iiMiuired  whether  the  works  at  Derby  were  still  open,  and  whether 
the  new  lamp  was  to  be  had  anywhere.  ,  ^         ..  ,-, 

Another  shareholder  asked  whether  the  adjourned  meeting  would 
be  held  in  Derby  or  London.  •  ...  , .  w 

The  Chvibman.  in  replv,  said  that  the  next  meeting  would  be 
held  in  London.  The  directors  were  still  in  office.  Mr.  Metcalfe 
was  unwell  and  unable  to  be  present,  but  Mr.  Bentley  was  present. 
Mr  Vlderton  had  retired.  The  new  lamji  did  belong  to  the  com- 
pany. So  far  as  he  knew  no  litigation  of  any  sort  was  at  present 
in  existence  against  the  company  or  the  directors.  ,      .  ., 

The  SiiAnFiioi.DKU  :  That  does  not  answer  my  question  about  the 
litigation  that  was  threatened  at  I),  rby. 

The  Chaikmas  :  You  refer  to  the  petition  ;  a  petition  was  pre- 
sented, and  it  was  dismissed. 

The  Shareholder  ;  I  am  not  referring  to  the  winding-up  ol  the 
company.  There  were  threats  at  Derby  about  action  being  taken 
against  the  company  or  the  directors. 

The  Chairman  :  We  know  nothing  of  them.  A  Receiver  was  put 
in  on  the  6th  of  this  month.  There  are  a  few  lamps  in  stock,  but 
there  are  none  being  manufactured  at  the  present  moment. 

Iti  reply  to  another  shareholder,  theCHAiBiiAN  said  they  were 
paying  £-ltiO  a  year  for  the  rent  of  the  premise.*  in  which  they 
were  meeting,  and  it  was  the  intention  of  the  board  t»  sublet  some 

portion  of  it.  ..        .     j    j-  j 

The  resolution  was  then  carrifd.  and  the  meeting  stood  adjourned 
until  April  2S>th. 


Application  is  being  made  for  an  electric  lighting  provisional  order 
for  the  I'rban  District  of  Wood  Green,  and  for  an  extension  of  the 
Barnet  order,  to  include  the  parish  of  Arkley.  The  Wembley 
Electric  Lighting  Order,  1906,  which  was  granted  to  the  Wembley 
Urban  District  Council  and  tfansferred  to  the  company,  has  been 
re-transferred  back  to  the  Council  under  Sec.  67  (i)  of  the  Electric 
Lighting  (Clauses)  Act,  1899,  for  a  nominal  consideration. 


Barnet. 

EnQeld. 

Hertrord. 

8t.  Albans 

Total. 

Units  purchasofl 

S^V.-ISO 

264,400 

2C1,63S 

371.980 

1,475,345 

Units  Bold -Public  lamps 

S0,124 

— 

7,262 

— 

57.386 

By  conttaot    . . 

.119,414 

66,614 

71,777 

179.982 

627 .7S7 

Private  consumers  by 

iiictcr 

136,486 

187,411 

158,945 

169,192 

652,084 

Total  sold 

5U6,024 

241,025 

287,984 

349,124 

1,8:J7,157 

Not  accounted  for 

71.806 

20,375 

23,651 

22,856 

138  188 

Public  lamps    . 

201 

— 

81 

— 

2:« 

Max  supply  demanded 

310  K«. 

188  K\v. 

158  KW, 

257  BW. 

Ituuineiuoulli  and  Foole  Electricifv  Snpplj  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December,  1912,  says  that 
capital  expended  during  the  year  amounted  to  £9,;i71,  making  the 
total  £469, .■>77.  The  balance  from  revenue  account,  after  deducting 
generation  and  distribution  costs,  rent,  rates,  taxes,  wages, 
direc'ors'  fees,  general  establishment  and  other  charges,  and  pro- 
portion of  salaries  is  £o7,60ii  plus  £1,209  brought  forward,  making 
£38,816.  From  this  there  are  deducted  interested  on  debenture 
stock  and  interest  on  temporary  loans,  less  income-tax,  £9,14.5; 
leasehold  and  special  redemption  funds  and  interest,  £1,7(;2  ; 
amount  written  off  suspense  accounts,  £6H7  :  amount  carried  to 
reserve  for  depreciation,  vV:c.,  £.5,000  ;  leaving  available  for  distri- 
bution, £22,272.  Interim  dividends  on  the  7,500  4',  jier  cent,  pre- 
ference shares,  on  the  15,o00  6  per  cent,  second  preference  shares, 
and  on  the  15,000  ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per 
annum  for  the  half-year  ended  .June  .'iOth,  r.il2.  less  income-tax, 
amounting  to  £9,;!5.'^.  have  been  paid,  leaving  for  further  distri- 
bution £12,91).  Final  dividends  on  the  1}  per  cent,  preference 
and  on  the  ii  per  cent,  second  preference  shares  for  the  half-year 
ended  December,  less  income-tax,  have  also  been  paid. 

The  directors  recommend  a  final  dividend  on  the  lo.OCd 
ordinary  shares,  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum,  for  the  half- 
year  ended  December,  1912,  less  income-tax.  The  above  final 
dividends  absorb  £10,77(i,  leaving  £2,144  to  be  carried  forward. 

The  total  applications  received  at  December  Slst  last  amounted 
to  the  equivalent  of  8,245  kw.,  being  an  increase  of  613  kw.  for 
the  year.  The  total  units  sold  for  all  purposes  was  3,338,425. 
The  directors  of  the  Richmond  (Surrey)  Electric  Light  and  Power 
Co..  Ltd.,  have  declared  a  dividend  of  6  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary 
shares  for  1912.  Mr.  H.  B.  Renwick,  previously  secretary,  has 
been  elected  to  the  board,  and  appointed  managing  director.  Mr. 
W.  D.  Brightman,  previously  local  secretary,  has  been  appointed 
secretary  to  the  company  ;  and  Mr.  F.  C.  McQuown  has  been 
appointed  London  secretary. 


Units  generated 

Units  sold— Public  lamps 

Private  consumers  by  meter 
Total 

Used  on  works 

Total  accounted  (or     . . 

Not  accounted  (or 

Public  lamps 

Maximum  supply  demanded,  kw. 


4.022,129 

22,796 

3,315,630 

3,338,425 

363,014 

3,701,439 

820,690 

130 

2,347 


The  annual  meeting  will  be  held  in  London  on  March  13th, 


>(»rth   .^letropolitaii 


Electrical   Power  Distribution 
(u.,  Ltd. 

The  report  submitted  to  the  meeting  held  at  Kingsway,  W.C,  on 
March  4th,  stated  that  the  revenue  amounted  to  £17,846.  an  increase 
of  £-'010  compared  with  the  previous  year.  The  balances  from 
the  local  revenue  accounts  amount  to  £6.859.  After  adding  sundry 
receipts  and  £214  brought  forward,  and  deducting  administration 
ex  lenseo  legal  charges  and  debenture  interest,  there  remains  £5,291. 
The  directors  propose  that  £1,000  be  put  to  renewals,  £1,000  to 
reserve  and  that  6  per  cent,  be  paid  on  the  ordinary  shares, 
requiring  £3.000,  leaving  £291  to  be  carried  forward.  The 
expenditure  upon  capital  account  during  the  year  amounted  to 
£2.973,  of  which  £2,373  was  in  respect  of  extensions  of  mains  and 
inHtallations  upon  consumers'  premises. 

fitirott  El'cfrir  .Si'j>/>l>i.—The  revenue  amounted  to  £5.li39,  com- 
pired  with  £.5,637  duringl911.  Installations  connected  to  mains 
approximately  equivalent  to  22,100  30-watt  lamps. 

Kritif}<>  Electric  5'«y)y»/y.— The  revenue  for  the  year  amounted  to 
£3821  compared  with  £3,056  during  1911.  Installations  con- 
nected to  mains  approximately  equivalent  to  18.950  30-watt  lamps. 

Jlcrlford  EJt'ctric  Supply.— Th^  revenue  amounted  to  £3,820, 
compared  with  £3,787  during  1911.  InsUUations  connected  to 
mains  approximately  equivalent  to  19,950  30-watt  lamps. 

S'  Alh,in.i  Electric  Siij>ph/.—The  revenue  amounted  to  £4,334. 
compared  with  £3,118  during  1911.  Installations  connected  to 
main^  approximately  equivalent  to  29,450  30-wa't  lamps. 

The  additional  connections  made  during  the  year  to  the  mains 
in  the  four  districts  reprenent'-d  the  equivalent  of  12,150  30-watt 
lamps,  mnking  a  total  connection  at  the  end  of  the  year  of  approxi- 
mately 90.450  30  watt  lamps.  The  number  of  units  nold  during  the 
year  was  1,3(7  1.57.  which,  compared  with  the  previous  year  b 
n.Mir.^of  1  I.5'.t.;i2:i  wae  an  increase  of  approximately  15  per  cent. 


Stock  Exchange  Kotices. — Applications  have  been  made 
to  the  Committee  to  allow  the  following  securities  to  be  quoted  in 
the  Official  List:— 

Consolidated  Cities  Light,  Power  and  Traction  Co. -$4,000,000  flrgt  lien  6  per 
cent,  gold  bonds,  in  lieu  of  tlie  scrip. 

La  Plata  Electric  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.— I'lOO.OOO  5  per  cent,  first  mortgage 
debenture  stock  (special  application). 

We'-tern  Canada  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— X205,400  5  per  cent.  40-year  first  mortgage 
bonds  of  JEIOO  each  (Nos.  B  1  to  2,054)  (renewed  application). 

Davis  &  Tininiins,  Ltd. — The  directors  report  that  the 
net  profit  for  the  year  ended  December,  1912,  including  £10,452 
brought  forward,  after  allowing  for  depreciation  and  commission 
to  manager,  was  £29,270.  After  paying  interim  dividend  on  the 
6  jjer  cent,  preference  shares  and  interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of 
6  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary,  there  was  placed  to  general  reserve 
account  £2,000,  leaving  £24.060.  The  remaining  dividend  on  the 
preference  shares  requires  £1,800,  and  a  balance  dividend  at  the 
rate  of  10  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the  last 
half-year  is  proposed,  making  8  per  cent,  per  annum  for  the  year 
(requiring  £2,350),  also  a  bonus  of  10  per  cent,  out  of  profits 
(£4,700),  leaving  to  be  carried  forward  £15  210.  The  annual 
meeting  is  called  for  March  14th. 

British  Insulated  and  Helsbj    Cables,  Ltd.— The 

directors  recommend  a  final  dividend  of  6s.  per  share,  making,  with 
the  interim  dividend  already  paid,  10  per  cent,  for  the  year.  £90,000 
is  to  be  placed  to  reserve  and  depreciation,  leaving  about  £74,000  to 
carry  forward. 

rontinental. — Switzerland.— La  Socictc  Suisse  pour 

I'Induitrie  Eleotrique,  of  Ba-ile,  is  declaring  a  dividend  of  7  per 
oeat  for  the  last  financial  year,  the  same  as  for  the  preceding 
13  men  the. 


Vol.  73.     No.  1,KI|,  Makoii  7,   IIMII. 


TIIF,    ELECTRICAL    PtEVTF.W. 


'.',ur, 


South  Nctropolitan    Electric 
Co.,  U(l. 


liiKlit  and  Power 


Mk.  II.  St.  John  Winkwouth  preBldod  on  I'obrunry  2illli  at 
WinohcBter  HouHe,  K.C.,  over  the  annual  i^onoral  mettinif  of  thJB 
company. 

In  movinpr  the  adoplion  of  the  report  (hco  Ei.i'.ctiiic'ai,  Rkvikw, 
p.  'Mi),  the  CllAiUMAN  Haid  that  it  was  the  moHt  favourable  report 
for  some  vearH  past.  The  niimbor  of  oouHuniorH  increawfd  diirinc 
the  year  by  fiGO,  whii^h  compared  with  ;il)2  for  the  previous  year,  and 
oonatituted  a  record.  In  addition,  .")r)2  oxtonmon  orders  were 
received  from  existinp  conenmern,  an  incrcane  of  ill)  per  cent., 
makinpf  a  total  of  1,202  new  and  cxtcnBion  ordera  for  the  year.  The 
3C-watt  lamp  cquivalentH  also  showed  a  record  incrcaw)  of  2S,6HI. 
The  total  unitR  sold  were  5,481, :i4(l,  aH  compared  with  4,Hr)r),5K0 -an 
increase  of  12'8  por  cent.  The  sales  of  electricity  produced  £.'y2,iH\), 
aa  compared  with  £  IT.diiO  an  increase  of  JE  l,s">3,  or  10'2  per  cent. 
The  revenue  for  1911  included  about  i:2,0()0  for  electricity  supplied 
to  the  Festival  of  Empire  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  and  as  there  was 
no  such  item  in  1 'J 1 2,  the  growth  of  the  peneral  business  was  in 
reality  larger  by  that  sum.  Coal  cost  £l,.")t)0  more,  about 
£1,000  of  which  was  extra  cost  caused  by  the  colliers'  and 
lightermen's  strike  in  the  spring  and  summer,  as  the  directors 
felt  it  necessary  to  increase  the  stock  of  coal  and  to  take  all  steps 
possible  to  ensure  a  continuous  and  unrestricted  supply  of  elec- 
tricity for  all  classes  of  consumers.  The  stock  was  reduced 
during  the  strikes,  but  had  since  been  built  up  again,  and 
they  now  had  stored  on  vacant  land  about  three  months' 
supply  of  coal.  The  development  expenses  were  a  little  less, 
notwithstanding  a  large  increase  in  the  outdoor  staff,  owing  to  the 
continuous  increase  in  the  business  done  at  the  showrooms,  the 
number  of  transactions  having  increased  from  2,7fi0  for  1911  to 
4,080  for  last  year,  and  the  sales  exceeded  £10,000.  The  company's 
offices  and  showrooms  in  High  Street,  Lewisham,  had  proved  most 
useful  as  a  supplement  to  the  work  of  the  outdoor  representatives. 
The  total  expenditure  he  had  dealt  with  amounted  to  £22,(i70,  or 
£2,129  greater  than  last  year  and  represented  40  per  cent,  of  the 
gross  receipts,  as  against  398  per  cent.  The  cost  per  unit  sold 
amounted  to  ■99d.  as  compared  with  I'Old.  They  had  a  net  revenue 
of  £33,933,  an  increase  of  £2,861,  which  represented  a  return 
of  5'8  per  cent,  on  the  average  capital  expenditure  as  compared 
with  5'49  per  cent,  for  1911  and  4'91  per  cent,  for  i910. 
In  the  course  of  his  references  to  the  capital  account,  the  chairman 
said  that  about  £5,000  was  in  respect  of  the  new  1,500-KW. 
turbine,  which  was  expected  to  be  brought  into  service 
shortly,  and  in  addition  to  enabling  the  company  to  cope  with  a 
Inrge  increase  of  business,  considerable  economies  in  working 
should  be  effected.  The  business  of  the  West  Kent  Electric 
Co.  was  developing,  and  the  accounts  for  the  past  year  showed 
a  small  profit  after  providing  for  all  expenses.  During  the  year 
agreements  had  been  entered  into  with  the  Woolwich  Corporation 
and  the  Urban  District  Council  of  Bexley  for  bulk  supply,  and 
arrangements  were  being  made  for  affording  a  supply  in  other 
districts.  Looking  to  the  future,  their  prospects  were  distinctly 
favourable.  The  large  increase  in  the  connections  last  year  would 
benefit  the  revenue  for  the  present  year.  The  new  orders  received 
this  year  were  greater,  and  the  connections  made  compared  favour- 
ably with  the  corresponding  period  of  1912,  while  as  regarded 
power,  the  factories,  more  particularly  in  the  industrial  area,  were 
busy  with  contracts,  and  extension  orders  were  being  negotiated. 
The  output  of  units  sold  showed  a  satisfactory  increase,  so  that 
their  gross  receipts  for  the  current  year  were  likely  to  show  a 
marked  increase.  On  the  other  hand,  they  had  to  face  a  higher 
price  for  coal,  but  they  expected  to  be  able  to  effect  economies  by 
a  greater  use  of  the  most  economical  plant,  so  that  he  hoped  when 
they  met  again  next  year  they  would  be  able  to  present  accounts 
which  would  show  further  and  substantial  progress. 

Mr.  H.  Bowdex  (managing  director  and  engineer),  in  seconding 
the  motion,  said  that  last  year  he  referred  to  the  important  develop- 
ments taking  place  in  the  Lewisham  area.  The  demand  had  still 
fnrther  increased  and  was  being  largely  dealt  with  by  the  extra 
high-tension  system,  which  continued  to  work  efficiently  and  satis- 
factorily. The  area  was  now  practically  covered  by  the  high-tension 
network  (except  Brockley,  where  further  extensions  were  antici- 
pated). Having  regard  to  the  extensive  area  covered  by  their  net- 
work of  cables,  they  had  for  the  year  under  review,  been  remarkably 
free  from  faults  or  interruptions  of  any  kind,  and  this  might 
perhaps  be  attributed  to  the  systematic  testing  and  frequent  inspec- 
tion which  was  pursued  of  all  cables  and  apparatus,  thus  pf  rmitting 
the  removal  of  incipient  faults  before  they  became  troublesome. 
As  a  result,  the  cost  of  repairs  was  extremely  small.  The  maximum 
load  had  increased  from  3,()00  to  4,000,  or  1 1  per  cent.  The 
output  on  feeders  at  the  power  -  house  had  increased  from 
6'3  millions  to  TOG  millions  units,  or  12  per  cent.  The  units 
sold  advanced  from  4'85  millions  to  5'48  millions,  or  12}  per  cent. 
From  these  figures  it  could  be  seen  that  the  efficiency  of  distri- 
bution had  increased  from  77  per  cent,  to  77(5  per  cent.  At  the 
power  house  they  had  laid  down  one  1,500-KW.  turbine  and  two 
boilers,  which  were  practically  finished  and  ready  for  steaming. 
He  had  hoped  to  be  in  a  position  to  tell  them  the  new  set  had  been 
started,  but,  owing  to  the  delay  in  the  delivery  of  material,  this 
had  not  been  possible.  The  plant  should,  however,  be  available 
within  a  fortnight.  The  total  cost  per  unit  had  been  reduced  from 
rOld.  to  'god.,  but  a  still  further  saving  would  have  been  shown 
had  it  not  been  for  the  coal,  which  had  increased  from  'Sod.  to  ■37d. 
This  increase  was  largely  accounted  for  by  difficulties  experienced 
during  the  strike  (although  he  was  glad  to  say  they  were  able  to 
give  an  uninterrupted  supply  without  exhausting  their  coal  stork), 
end  by  the  inferior  quality  of  the  coal  delivered  about  this  time, 
and  partly  owing  to  the  late  delivery  of  new  plant,  which  they 


had  ho])e(l  vvoiiM  have  been  lu  tiiiii-  to  uHhint  tin-  winter  load,  >iid 
thuH  liirgely  diH|MuiHe  with  Uii:  almoiit  eoni-tunt  riiriiiirifr  of  the 
reciprocating  plant  in  the  Went  IIoukt.  Hi-  thought  they  micht 
look  to  see  couHidernblit  fieiinomief  cfTfctcd  in  thiH  direction,  except 
for  any  increase  they  might  be  obliged  to  pay  on  enterinif  into  k 
new  coal  contract.  It  wbh  Hatinfucttjry  to  noto  that  their  total  coiit 
I)cr  unit  hu<l  been  redu(«d,  and  he  thought  he  wan  corroct  in  MyiuK 
that  they  still  held  the  second  lowest  total  cont  for  all  the  London 
companies. 

Mk.  rowici.l,  said  it  seemed  to  him  the  [K^Mition  of  the  ordinary 
shareholders  was  hopeless,  and  it  ilid  not  iteeni  that  the  exptnditure 
incurred  ha<l  been  juhtifierl  by  the  results.  The  Went  Kent  nhartit 
were  put  in  the  balance-sheet  at  par,  and  he  did  not  know  how  far 
the  directors  were  justified  in  doing  that.  Instead  of  carrying 
forward  £5,000,  they  ought  to  wipe  out  the  preliminary  ezpensea. 

Mh.  Hi(illKH  also  expressed  disappointment,  and  said  he  bad 
been  requested  by  Liverpool  shareholders  to  ack  what  fees  the 
managing  director  got,  and  what  time  he  devoted  to  the  company 

Mit.  IIiHiiKUT  thought  the  board  might  have  paid  2j  per  (x;nt.  thin 
year,  as  that  would  have  helped  them  to  place  debentures  and 
preference  shares. 

The  Chairman  said  that  the  board,  who  were  large  shareholders, 
regretted  the  non-payment  of  a  dividend,  but  they  felt  it  was  in 
the  true  interests  of  the  undertaking  to  conserve  their  resources  at 
the  present  time,  and  build  up  a  strong  financial  posiiion.  As  he 
had  previously  explained,  by  the  terms  of  the  debenture  trust  deed 
they  were  prohibited  from  paying  a  dividend  until  they  put  away 
to  reserve  and  depreciation  a  sum  equivalent  to  2  J  per  cent,  of  the 
capital  expenditure  during  the  year,  and  therefore  the  profits  were 
not  sufficient  for  the  payment  of  a  dividend.  He  certainly  thought 
the  shareholders  were  w  ithin  sight  of  a  dividend.  The  managing 
director  received  the  same  fees  as  a  director  as  the  other  directors 
did,  and  he  received  £()00  a  year  as  managing  director  and  engineer- 
in-chief,  and  he  spent  a  great  deal  of  time  in  the  service  of  the 
company. 

The  report  was  then  adopted,  and  a  vote  of  thanks  was  accorded 
to  the  staff. 


Bath  Electric  Traiiiwajs,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  Thursday  last  week  at 
Winchester  House,  E.C..  the  Hon.  Sir  James  Sivewright,  K.C.M.G., 
presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Elec.  Rev.,  p.  357),  said  that  although  they  had  undoubtedly 
earned,  they  did  not  find  themselves  in  a  position  to  pay.  a  dividend 
on  the  preferred  ordinary  shares.  The  cause  of  that  was  the  same 
as  he  dwelt  on  at  considerable  length  last  year.  Xaturally  ther« 
was  a  feeling  of  irritation  on  the  part  of  the  preferred  ordinary 
shareholders,  and  on  nobody's  part  was  that  irritation  more  felt 
than  on  his  own,  because  he  was  far  and  away  the  largest  preferred 
ordinary  shareholder.  He  had  held  10,000  of  those  shares  since 
the  inception  of  the  company,  which  he  subscribed  for  at  par,  and 
he  had  not  parted  with  a  single  one.  It  would,  therefore  be 
understood  that  they  had  done  everything  in  their  power  to  meet 
the  situation,  and  be  in  a  position  to  pay  the  dividend  which  they  had 
earned.  One  or  two  shareholders  had  written  complaining  of  the 
report,  including  the  secretary  of  the  River  Plate  Electricity  Co., 
which  company  held  2,700  preferred  ordinary  shares.  In  the 
course  of  his  letter  he  said  that  the  report  was  most  unsatisfactory, 
and  he  said  that  the  phrase  which  the  directors  used  as  to  the 
pending  completion  of  arrangements  which  were  being  made  for 
meeting  the  loan  standing  in  the  balance-sheet  at  £21,1.50,  had 
been  used  over  and  over  again.  That  was  not  quite  the 
fact,  but  he  could  say  that  to-day  they  were  at  all 
events  nearer  the  completion  of  the  necessary  finance 
to  enable  them  to  attain  the  end  in  view.  Having  referred  to  the 
history  of  the  negotiations  and  their  present  position,  he  said  that 
if  they  succeeded,  they  would  have  a  sufficient  sum  of  money  to 
repay  the  loan  to  the  bank,  and  it  would  also  give  them  money  for 
improvements  which  would  bring  in  a  fair  return.  The  secretary 
of  the  River  Plate  Co.  went  on  to  criticise  the  action  of  the 
directors  in  putting  aside  £8,000  to  the  contingencies  and  re- 
newals account,  which  he  regarded  as  altogether  unnecessary  and 
unjustifiable.  In  view  of  the  fact,  to  which  the  auditors  drew 
attention,  that  no  special  provision  had  been  made  for  depreciation, 
the  directors  were  rather  in  the  position  of  being  between  the  devil 
and  the  deep  sea  in  that  respect.  All  he  could  say  was  that 
they  believed  the  policy  which  they  were  carrying  out  was  a  con- 
servative one  They  had  maintained  the  system  in  all  its  branches- 
tramways,  motors  and  foundry— in  a  manner  second  to  no  similar 
undertaking  in  the  kingdom.  They  had  paid  off  £5,000  of  their 
debentures  ;  they  were  carrying  forward  £3,200,  and  they  bad 
put  to  the  renewal  and  contingencies  account  £10,000,  making  in 
all  about  £18,000.  which  was  available.  Not  only  had  they  done 
that,  but  they  had  just  ordered,  and  partly  paid  for,  four  new  tor- 
pedo motor-omnibuses.  The  traffic  receipts-  showed  an  increase  of 
■1:2, 103  over  those  of  the  previous  year— in  fact  it  was  the  best  year 
that  the  company  had  ever  had.  He  was  sorry  to  say,  however, 
that  the  net  profits  were  considerably  less,  owing  to  a  variety  of 
causes.  They  had  to  pay  a  very  largely  increased  price  for  coal, 
but  althoughthe  price  had  gone  up  since  the  strike,  their  coal  bill 
for  1913  would  be  considerably  less  than  it  was  last  year.  That  was 
due  to  the  introduction,  also  paid  for  out  of  revenue,  of  mechanical 
stokers  whic''  would  enable  them  to  bum  a  much  inferior  class  of 
coal.  The  motor-omnibus  traffic  was  very  sntisfactorv  and  was  fnll 
of  promise.  They  had  gone  very  carefully  into  the  cost  of  running 
the  system,  and  he  thought  they  could  hold  their  heads  up  against 
any  tramways  either  company-owned  or  belonging  to  municipalities. 


396 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,841,  March  7,  191.S. 


Their  working  expenses  per  mile  last  year  were  5'00.")d.,  which  was 
oonsidprably  more  than  in  1911.  owinp  to  the  causes  he  had  rnferred 
to.  In  the  case  of  17  companies  whose  records  were  accessible  their 
average  cost  of  working  in  1911  was  5'980d.  per  mile,  and  in  the 
case  of  79  local  bodies  possessing  tramways  the  average  cost  per 
mile  was  i\',M.  He  thought,  therefore,  they  might  fairly  claim 
that  in  their  staff  they  had  an  efficient,  vigilant  and  economical 
body  of  men.  As  to  the  future,  it  was  very  dange'ona  to  prophesy, 
but  the  first  eight  weeks  of  the  present  year  had  shown  an  increapc 
iu  gross  receipts  of  JE.'JOO.  and  an  increased  net  profit  of  a  little 
over  £100.  Given  a  fairly  average  summer  and  a  fair  autumn, 
they  would  see  a  very  considerable  increase  both  in  the  gross 
takings  and  in  the  net  profit*.  Should  that  be  so,  and  should  they 
succeed  in  carrying  out  the  financial  arrangements  to  pay  off  the 
bank  loan,  then  he  thought  he  oould  positively  promise  that  the 
long-deferred  goal  of  paying  a  dividend  on  the  preferred  ordinary 
shares  would  be  reached. 

Mb.   Hugh   CLi'XTERBrcK    seconded    the    motion,    which  was 
adopted  after  a  short  discussion. 


Kensiu^ton    aod 


Kni^hf$bri(1<^e 
(0..  Ltd. 


Electric   Lighting: 


Col.  R.  E.  Crojipton,  C.B..  presided  on  February  27tb,  at  the 
offices,  U8,  Rrompton  Road,  .s.W.,  over  the  meeting  of  this  com- 
pany. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Electrical  Review, 
page  313),  the  Chairman  first  referred  to  the  absence  of  Mr. 
Erskine,  their  secretary,  who  had  been  with  them  during  the  whole 
of  the  life  of  the  company  and  was  away  for  the  first  time,  but  he 
was  glad  to  say  that  after  a  prolonged  illness  he  was  now  in  a  fair 
way  of  recovery.  It  was  proposed  to  pay  the  same  dividend  aa  last 
year,  and  the  carry  forwnrd  was  increased  from  £l,f)80to  £1,7S0.  The 
total  amount  now  standing  to  the  credit  of  the  renewal  and  reserve 
fund,  £115.301,  was  very  substantial  and  eatisfactory.  There  were 
two  chief  causes  for  the  diminution  of  the  profits  earned  during 
the  year,  the  first  being  a  falling  off  in  revenue  due  to  the  reduced 
sales  of  current  from  £7<),918  to  £75.847,  a  decrease  of  £1,071,  or 
about  r4  per  cent.  The  other  cause  was  the  increased  price  of 
coa'.  which  was  likely  to  be  intonfified  in  the  future.  They  had 
not  had  to  pay  an  increaced  price  for  coal  itself,  which  was  a  direct 
result  of  the  coal  strike,  but  in  addition  they  had  had  to 
deal  with  an  indirect  result  of  the  strike,  as  they  had  to 
draw  very  largely  on  their  reserved  stock  which  had  accumulated 
at  Wood  Lane,  and  which  had,  to  some  extent,  deteriorated  by 
exposure,  so  that  an  extra  quantity  of  this  reserve  ccal  had  to  be 
used  to  generate  a  given  quantity  of  electricity.  During  last  year 
the  price  of  coal  per  ton  increased  by  about  10  per  cent.  The  com- 
bined effect  of  this  increase  in  price,  and  the  increased  quantity 
used  from  the  reserved  stock,  had  increased  the  total  working 
cost  per  unit  supplied  from  the  Wood  Lane  works  to  Kensington 
customers  by  about  Hi  per  cent.,  and  it  seemed  from  the 
still  higher  price  they  had  to  pay  for  coal  for  the  coming  year, 
averaging  the  existing  contracts,  and  the  new  contracts  they 
had  yet  to  make,  they  must  be  prepared  for  a  future  increaee 
in  the  cost  per  unit  delivered,  of  about  15  per  cent,,  and  this 
would  affect  the  total  supplied  to  their  customers  by  about 
.">  per  cent.  I'ndcr  these  altered  conditions  of  cost  of  production, 
the  directors  had  under  anxious  consideration  the  best  method  of 
meeting  it.  The  falling  off  in  the  units  sold  was  not  large,  and 
the  fall  which  actually  showed  was  due  partly  to  the  Early  Closing 
.^ct,  which  affected  the  units  sold  to  shops  and  other  trade 
customers,  and  the  board  found  it  would  be  necessary  to  adjust  the 
price  to  those  customers  to  meet  the  altered  conditions.  As  the 
shareholders  were  aware,  the  price  per  unit  realised  by  thern  for 
the  sale  of  electricity  was  especially  low  for  the  district,  and  they 
compared  favourably  in  point  of  cheapness  with  any  other  com- 
pany or  district.  They  could  not  expect  any  considerable 
increase  in  the  output  otherwise  than  by  the  rebuilding 
going  on  in  certain  neighbourhoods  where  tmall  houses  were 
being  pulled  down  and  replaced  by  larger  ones,  and  there  was  no 
doubt  whatever  that  the  increased  cost  of  manufacture  must  be 
met  by  some  adjustment  of  their  price.  In  view  of  the  liberal  dis- 
counts they  had  been  giving  in  the  past,  they  thought  this  could  be 
done  without  any  of  their  customers  feeling  it.  Apart  from  the 
increased  cost  of  coal,  the  general  cost  of  distribution  and  adminis- 
tration including  that  of  maintaining  their  plant  and  mains  and 
meters  in  as  perfect  a  condition  as  possible,  had  not  increased,  in 
spite  of  the  fact  that  they  had  had  to  make  good  during  the  current 
year  the  result  of  the  short-circuit  of  mains,  which  occurred  shortly 
before  he  addres,Hed  them  at  the  last  meeting,  and  when  he  put 
before  them  the  possibility  that  they  would  have  to  pay  heavily  for 
that  trouble.  He  thought  the  shareholders  were  to  be  congratulated 
that  they  had  practically  paid  for  that  short-circuit  without  any 
notable  increase  iu  their  maintenance  cost. 

.^Ih.  R.  Walla(,b,  K.C.  seconded  the  motion. 

Mr.  Killtngworth  Hki>oks  said  that  it  was  with  a  little 
feeling  of  di8appointJ>ent  that  he  heard  the  chairman  foreshadow 
that  the  output  of  electricity  would  not  be  increasing,  but  that  it 
might  from  certain  cirQumstances  tend  to  decrea.'e,  and  it  behoved 
this  company,  as  well  as  other  companies,  to  do  all  they  could 
to  popularise  electricity.  The  speaker  referred  to  efforts  which 
were  being  made  to  establish  electric  cooking,  and  personally 
spoke  highly  of  such  copkery,  but  said  he  found  electric  lighting 
companies  gave  away  plenty  of  literature  about  cookers  and 
heaters,  but  did  not  give  the  public  facilities  for  seeing  how  these 
things  were  done.  He  tifconght  they  ought  to  follow  more  on  the 
lines  of.  the  gas  companig?  when  they  introduced  gas  cookers. 


The  CUAIBMAN  said  they  had  co-operated  with  other  companies 
and  with  the  local  authorities,  and  had  done  a  good  deal  to 
popularise  electric  cooking  and  heating.  No  one  was  a  greater 
believer  in  the  future  of  these  two  methods  of  utilising  electric 
energy  in  residential  districts  than  himself,  but  it  was  a  slow  process 
to  overcome  the  conservatism  of  the  English  kitchen.  He  thought 
it  highly  probable  that  in  six  or  seven  years'  time  they  would  have 
made  considerable  progress  in  electric  cooking,  but  he  hardly 
thought  it  wise,  at  a  shareholders'  meeting,  to  put  before  them  that 
there  was  likely  to  be  any  substantial  increase  in  the  output  of 
electricity  during  the  next  year  from  this  cause,  although  they 
were  doing  all  they  reasonably  could  to  further  what  Mr.  Hedges 
asked.  Owing  to  the  care  observed  by  the  staff  the  cost  of  the 
short-circuit  they  experienced  was  not  one-twentieth  of  what  they 
anticipated  it  would  be  at  first. 

The  report  was  then  adopted,  and  a  hearty  vote  of  thanks  was 
accorded  the  board,  Mr.  Miller,  the  engineer,  and  the  staff'  for 
their  services,  on  the  motion  of  Mr.  Hedges,  seconded  by  Mr. 
Schwann. 


Telegraph  Construction   and  Maintenance  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  meeting  of  this  company  was  held  on  Thursday  last  week  at 
the  offices,  38.  Old  Broad  Street,  E.G.,  under  the  presidency  of  Lord 
Selborne. 

The  Chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  311),  said  that  the  net  profits  for  the 
year  had  amounted  to  £109,000,  as  compared  with  £87,000  in  the 
previous  12  months.  Adding  £10(),000  brought  forward,  they  had  a 
total  of  i;21(),000,  as  against  £195.000  last  year.  From  that  had  to 
be  deducted  the  interim  dividend  already  paid  of  £22,000, 
which  left  £193,000  available  for  distribution,  as  against 
£172,000  a  year  ago.  The  directors  proposed  that  the 
reserve  fund  should  be  increased  by  the  addition  of  £20,000,  as 
against  £10,000  last  year.  They  proposed  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of 
10  per  cent,  and  a  bonus  of  12b.  per  share,  which  would  leave  prac- 
tically the  same  amount  to  be  carried  forward  as  was  brought  into 
the  account— £106,000.  The  freehold  and  leasehold  premises, 
machinery,  plant,  stocks  of  stores  and  materials,  stood  at  nearly 
£til9,000,  a  considerable  increase  over  last  year,  the  reason  being 
that  they  had  larger  stocks  of  materials  on  hand,  and  a  larger 
amount  of  manufactured  cable  in  connection  with  con- 
tracts in  progress.  On  the  other  side,  the  debts  owing  by  the 
company,  and  reserves  for  insurance  and  contingencies  (£1,407.416) 
had  increased.  The  conservative  policy  which  the  board  had 
always  adopted  in  dealing  with  the  company's  finances  had  hitherto 
met  with  the  approval  of  the  shareholders,  and  he  could  give  them 
an  illustration  to  show  how  necessary  that  policy  was  for  the 
success  of  the  company.  The  amount  of  material  used  in  the 
business  in  the  course  of  a  year  was  very  large  indeed — partly  raw 
material  and  partly  manufactured  material,  which  they  further 
manufactured,  such  as  gutta-percha,  jute,  copper,  iron,  and,  of 
course,  a  very  large  amount  of  coal.  As  they  dealt  in  such  large 
quantities,  it  was  of  the  greatest  importance  that  they  should  buy 
their  materials  at  the  most  favourable  moments,  and  one  of  the 
secrets  of  their  success  was  that  they  were  able  to  do 
that  by  reason  of  the  financial  strength  of  the  company. 
At  the  moment,  they  had  important  contracts  in  connection 
with  work  in  the  Far  East.  Last  year  was  a  period  of  comparatively 
small  jobs,  largely  on  behalf  of  foreign  Governments,  and  those 
Governments,  he  was  glad  to  say.  had  always  testified  thdr  great 
satisfaction  as  to  the  way  in  which  work  had  been  done  for  them. 
As  he  had  said  they  had  undertaken  an  important  and  anxious 
work  in  the  Far  East.  It  was  in  the  interests  of  the  company  thit 
they  should  be  able  to  take  such  contracts,  although  the  respon- 
.sibility  connected  with  them  involved  great  anxiety,  but  they  cocld 
not  undertake  such  work  unless  they  had  large  stores  of  materials. 
Then,  again,  last  year  had  been  a  period  of  great  unrest  with  the  rail- 
way strike,  the  coal  strike,  and  the  dock  strike.  Each  one  of  these 
strikes  might  have  affected  their  business  very  seriously,  although 
the  relations  between  the  management  and  the  workmen  had 
always  been  of  the  most  harmonious  and  sympathetic  kind.  Their 
work  was  not  impeded  for  a  moment  in  spite  of  those  troubles, 
because  they  had  large  stocks  of  material  on  hand,  and  he  might 
say  that  when  the  coal  strike  ended  they  had  enough  coal  in  stock 
to  carry  on  the  works  for  two  months  longer. 

Sir  Jamks  Pesder,  Bart.,  seconded  the  motion. 

Replying  to  a  shareholder,  the  Chairman  said  his  opinion  wa4| 
that  wireless  telegraphy  would  always  have  a  market  of    its  ot 
and  he  did  not  think  it  would  seriously  interfere  with  work  whifi 
could  only  be  done  by  the  cable. 

The  report  was  adopted. 


Chelsea  Electricity  Suiiply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December  3lBt,  1912,  at 
that  the  jjrofit  for  the  year  amounted  to  £37,460,  which,  wif 
£3,241  brought  forward,  and  £1,937  for  interest,  makes  a  total  of 
£42,638,  After  deducting  interc-t  on  debenture  stock,  £7,875, 
interim  dividend  on  the  preference  shares  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent, 
per  annum,  £900;  interim  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  at  the 
rate  of  4  percent,  per  annum,  £4.944  ;  there  remains  a  balance  of 
£28,919.  which  the  directors  retommend  shall  be  appropriated  fS 
follows  :  to  credit  of  reserve  for  renewals,  depreciation  and  contin- 
gencies, £13,626  ;  to  credit  of  debenture  stock  premium  redemption 
fund,  £704  ;  to  amount  written  off  cost  of  extinction  of  founders' 
shares,  £1,089  ;  to  amount  written  off  cost  of  purchase  of  Cadogan 
Electric  Light  Co.,   £1,000;    to  amount  written  off  cost  of  invest- 


Vol.72.    No,  l,.sii,  Mauou  7,  l'Ji:t. 


THE    ELEOTRIOAIi    REVIEW. 


897 


mentci,  £I,3r>2  ;  to  fliml  dividend  on  tho  pri'Trreiioo  HbaroH  at  the 
rate  of  <i  per  cent,  jinr  aiinuni,  makini;  t;  per  cent,  for  the  year, 
JJOOO  ;  to  tliial  dividend  on  the  ordinary  HhareH  nt  the  rate  of  (I  per 
ocnt.  per  anniini,  niakini;  5  per  cent,  lor  th(f  year,  £7,115,  leavinif 
to  be  carried  forward  £2,H:tlt.  Tho  number  of  H  d.i'.  lamp  t(iuiva- 
lents  connected  on  Do-'ember  Hist,  l',il2,  waa  2'.i:!,'.t7:t,  an  addition  of 
ll,r)!»7  during  the  year,  oud  the  total  number  of  unitH  Hold  wph 
1,184,07'J,  beinj;  I()7,r)i)4  more  than  for  tho  prcviouH  year.  The 
directors  record  the  death  of  their  lute  coUeiiffue  and  chairman, 
Sir  Irvinff  ('ourtenay.  The  vacancy  on  the  board  has  been  filled 
by  Mr.  Stanley  Beeton.  Mr.  W.  H.  DavicM  hnH  been  appointed 
chairman. 
The  meetinif  is  called  for  March  12th. 


British    lllectiic  Transformer  Co.,  Ltd, 

Thk  annuol  meeting  was  held  on  February  2Sth  at  Salisbury  House, 
E.C.,  when,  in  the  absence  of  Mr.  J.  F.  Albrifrht  (the  chairman), 
through  illnesp,  Mr.  A.  F.  Berry  presided. 

The  Ch.muman.  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
ELECTRtCAr,  Ukview,  pape  :i.")9).  first  dealt  with  the  varia- 
tion of  the  figures  in  the  balance-sheet,  due  to  the  increase  in  the 
capital  owing  to  the  acquisition  of  the  whole  of  the  Berry  Con- 
struction Co.  in  accordance  with  the  agreement  of  April  1st,  1912. 
Sundry  creditors  were  more  by  about  £1,767,  due  to  increased  business 
and  its  extending  nature.  They  did  not  propose  to  add  anything  to 
depreciation  reserve,  as  their  advisers  did  not  consider  it  necessary. 
On  the  other  side  of  the  balance-sheet,  the  item  for  patents 
and  goodwill  had  been  increased  by  £2G,{;32,  due  principally 
to  the  absorption  of  the  Berry  Construction  Co.,  as  owners  of  the 
"  Tricity ""  cookers  and  heaters.  They  had  the  general  reserve 
account  of  £21,74;"),  which  could  be  set  against  this  asset  or  for  any 
contingency.  The  goodwill  alone  of  a  business  such  as  theirs, 
which  was  the  result  of  something  over  15  years'  continuous 
specialisation,  and  one  which  earned  them  profits  of  al)Out  £20,000 
a  year,  if  valued  ia  one  or  other  of  the  many  differeilt  ways  of 
arriving  at  a  fair  valuation,  would  give  them  a  sum  of  about  £00,000, 
but  in  addition  to  this,  there  was  the  value  of  the  patents.  It  was, 
of  course,  on  these  patents  that  the  business  and  the  goodwill  had 
been  built  up.  Some  of  their  foreign  patents  had  been  sold,  and 
for  others  licences  had  been  granted,  and  they  were  now  earning  a 
revenue.  The  cost  of  all  lapsed  patents  or  those  sold  had  been 
written  off,  and  the  patents  left,  numbering  well  over  100,  and 
being  regularly  added  to,  were  the  only  ones  included  in  the  balance- 
sheet.  Having  dealt  with  the  items  of  freehold  land  and  buildings, 
fcc,  and  of  cilice  furniture,  the  chairman  said  the  increase  of 
£10,600  in  the  stock  was  incidental  to  a  business  such  as  theirs, 
where  with  increased  orders  they  had  to  carry  increased  stocks  of 
raw  material.  The  manager's  valuation  of  the  stock  had  been 
verified  as  far  as  possible  by  the  auditors,  .who  were  of  opinion  that 
the  valuation  was  on  the  conservative  side.  Work  in  progress 
accounted  for  a  large  part  of  the  item  of  stock  and  materials,  and 
was  taken  from  their  cost  books,  which  were  very  carefully  kept, 
and  were  also  verified  by  the  auditors.  Investments  were  increased 
owing  to  the  investment  of  some  of  their  spare  cash.  All  the 
business  of  the  year  had  been  done  on  a  strictly  cash  basis,  and 
there  were  no  shares  taken  in  part  payment,  or  anything  of  that 
sort.  With  regard  to  the  profit  and  loss  account,  general  charges 
were  increased  by  about  £3,786  in  consequence  of  the  largely- 
increased  amount  of  work  they  had  done  in  both  the 
transformer  manufacture  and  the  "Tricity  "  cooker  manu- 
facture. The  gross  profit  was  about  £4,874  more  than  last 
year  and  discounts,  xc,  were  £892  in  excess.  Turning  to  the  year 
generally,  1912  had  been  quite  eventful  for  the  company  in 
several  ways.  About  this  time  last  year,  they  had  to  face  the 
consequences  of  the  coal  strike,  difficulties  in  getting 
raw  materials,  and  in  delivering  their  finished  goods.  But  in 
spite  of  all  the  difficulties  they  had  in  common  with  most  other 
manufacturers  of  electrical  apparatus  throughout  the  country, 
shared  in  what  was  clearly  a  trade  boom,  in  the  electrical  world  at 
any  rate,  and  the  volume  of  work  turned  out  was  considerably  in 
excess  of  that  of  1911.  Their  shipping  work  increased  appreciably, 
and  in  nearly  every  case  where  they  had  obtained  an  order  from 
abroad  they  had  got  repeat  orders,  which  was  perhaps  the  best 
testimony  they  could  ever  hope  for.  They  commenced  the  year 
1913  with  seme  25  per  cent,  more  work  than  they  started  1912, 
which,  as  they  were  told  last  years  was  a  record  and  far 
in  excess  of  anything  they  had  previously  done.  It  was 
not  safe  to  prophesy,  but  they  did  not  see  any  reason  why  there 
should  be  any  falling  off  in  the  orders,  judging  by  the  number  of 
inquiries  they  received.  This  year  they  started  with  practically 
the  same  loyal  staff,  and  there  seemed  no  reason  why  the  operations 
of  the  company  should  not  proceed  just  as  smoothly  as  in 
the  past.  With  regard  to  the  manufacture  of  transformers,  in  the 
past  they  had  been  used  more  particularly  by  authorities  supplying 
electric  light  and  power  and  dealing  only  with  alternating  current. 
But  owing  to  the  increase  in  the  demand  for  electrical  energy,  and 
the  greater  distance  over  which  it  had  to  be  distributed,  the  direct- 
current  stations  and  the  railway  companies  had  found  it  necessary 
in  a  nuii\bor  ui  instances  to  put  down  alternating-current  plant 
for  the  generation  and  transmission  of  electric  energy,  and  by 
means  of  transformers  and  rotary  converters  to  convert  the 
direct  current  just  where  the  energy  was  required.  The 
principal  purchasers  of  transformers  to-day  were  Cor- 
porations, Government  departmeats,  railway,  tramway,  colliery, 
mining,  electric  light  and  power  companies — all  of  which  they 
would  agree  were  a  first-rate  class  of  customers  to  get  on  their 
books.  The  "  Tricity  "  business  was  progressive,  and  the  users  of 
their  cooker  expressed  themselves  well  satisfied  with  its  behaviour. 


Thoy  had  equipped  their  worku  at  IIsyHtwith  a  complete  apptrmtoii. 
That  they  worn  not  alonn  in  lookinp  f"r  a  gr«-n'lv  ,.ii»-nd«l  ni*  of 
electricity  for  cookiinr  .■         '  .,.,.... 

facturcrM  wrrecontcmp 
ing  apporatuH.     They 

wim  borno  out  by  thi;  fact  that  ahuh:  2'5  eujjjily  .uilh/r.-...  i 
were  now  hiring  tlnir  cooki-rn.  Their  experien(;e  in  manrifac- 
turing  both  trannformcrH  anil  cookerH  led  them  to  think 
they  would  continue  to  hold  the  ponition  they  held  that  day.  In 
concliiHion,  the  chairman  again  referred  to  the  work  of  the  staff, 
and  exprPHHcd  the  belief  that  the  company  owed  unch  o(  it*  nucoean 
to  tho  fact  that  so  largo  a  portion  of  it«  Hharm  were  held  by  the 
directors  and  their  friends  und  by  the  stafr. 

Mn.  T.  Ilowi':  rteconded  the  motion. 

In  the  subBecjuent  discuF.^ion  quctttionH  were  oHkeil  bm  to  rircalam 
coming  addrefsed  from  (.'upthall  Houne  offering  large  blocks  of 
shares  of  the  company  for  Bale,  and  as  to  the  attacks  made  on  the 
company  by  a  financial  print.  It  wa«  also  a!>ked  what  connection 
there  was  between  the  company  and  "  Modem  Kitchens,  I,td.  " 

The  Chaiuma.v  said  the  Iward  had  no  confrol  over  any  circtdan 
outside  brokers  might  issue.  The  company  running  the  Tricity 
House  restaurant,  which  was  eijuippfd  exclusively  with  their 
cookers,  were,  he  was  glad  to  soy,  doing  an  extraordinarily  good 
business.  As  a  company  they  had  a  small  interest  in  it,  but  they 
had  a  great  interest  in  it  from  the  {wint  of  view  that  it  wos 
teaching  the  public  to  appreciate  their  cockers,  and  already  it  had 
done  a  good  deal  of  good  to  them.  With  regard  to  the  competition 
of  other  makers,  if  they  produced  good  cookers  it  would  all  help 
to  make  such  apparatus  popular. 

The  report  was  then  adopted. 


Lancashire  Inited  Tramways,  Ltd. 

The  Hon.  AnTUuij  Stanlev,  M.P.  (chairman),  presided  on 
February  27th,  at  Winchester  House,  E.C.,  over  the  annual  meeting. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Ei.ectkicai.  Review. 
page  357),  the  Chairman  said  that  there  was  a  profit  of  £I9,4i'.6. 
which  showed  an  increase  of  £2>-l.  The  profits  were  the  highest 
figure  they  had  yet  reached,  and  were  obtained  in  spite  of  the  coal 
strike,  which,  of  course,  was  a  heavy  Toss  to  them.  The  receipts  per 
car-mile  were  8"21d.,  which  was  also  the  highest  figure  they  had  yet 
reached.  The  units  sold  to  outside  consumers  were  1.02."),000,  ts 
against  660,000  last  year,  showing  a  very  satisfactory  increase 
of  304,000  units.  They  might  hope  that  that  would  be  very 
considerably  increased  this  year,  because  under  the  arrange- 
ment with  the  Lancashire  Power  Co..  who  had  certain  rights  in  the 
district,  they  had  arranged  to  supply  the  urban  district  of  Tyldesley . 
The  load  they  were  at  present  carrying,  and  this  new  load,  had  neces- 
sitated a  new  battery  and  a  turbine.  The  new  battery  was  already 
erected,  and  they  had  made  arrangements  for  erecting  the  turbine 
at  once.  When  they  had  got  the  new  turbine  they  would  be  in  a 
position  to  cope  with  any  load  that  they  might  expect  to  get  for 
some  time  to  come,  and  there  was  not  likely  to  be  much  more 
capital  outlay  under  these  heads.  They  proposed  to  construct  a  short 
bit  of  new  line.  They  had  been  able  to  make  very  satisfactory 
arrangements  with  the  Iccal  authorities  for  the  necc-^sary  powers, 
and  also  for  the  maintenance  of  the  road,  and  he  hoped,  therefore, 
they  would  be  able  to  run  that  section  at  a  profitable  rate.  It  was 
a  continuation  of  one  of  their  lines,  and  would  join  up  to  their 
main  system  a  rather  important  district  which  had  been  very 
anxious  to  see  thetramways  there.  It  also  would  enable  them  to  make 
effective  use  of  about  half  a  mile  of  line  which  was  laid,  but 
which  hitherto  they  had  not  been  able  to  work.  As  regarded 
finance,  thej  had  left  with  the  companies  they  controlled  after 
paying  dividends  £6.900,  and  the  depreciation  and  renewal 
funds  they  had  built  up  in  these  companies,  now  amounted  to 
£16,400.  It  was  quite  certain,  now  that  their  lines  had  been 
running  some  years,  that  they  would  have  a  good  deal  to  spend 
within  a  little  time  on  renewals,  and  they  would  all  agree  that  it 
was  wise  that  they  should  build  up  the  fund  in  anticipation  of  the 
work  they  would  have  to  do.  In  a  company  like  that,  which  had 
to  be  very  carefully  worked,  and  where  the  increase  each  year  was 
not  very  large,  it  was  important  that  it  should  be  progressive. 
It  was  only  by  taking  a  series  of  years  that  they  could  really 
seethe  increases  which  were  made.  He  had  taken  1909.  not  because  it 
was  a  particularly  fjood  year,  but  because  it  was  a  convenient  year, 
and  there  was  no  better  year  before  it.  In  1909  they  carried 
13.450,000  passengers,  whilst  in  1!'12  they  carried  14,500.0i'O,  or  an 
increase  of  over  I,ii00,o00.  The  traffic  receipts  in  1909  were 
£68,900,  and  in  1912  £72.400.  The  sale  of  electricity  was 
rather  a  remarkable  figure,  for  while  in  1909  it  was  only 
£690,  in  1912  it  was  £2,.500.  The  total  revenue  in  1909  was 
£71,500.  and  in  1912  £77,i;00.  Perhaps  the  most  gratifying 
feature  was  that  the  increase  had  been  secured  at  a  cost  of  under 
£1,900  increase  iu  the  expenditure  on  the  lines,  and  therefore 
he  thought  they  might  say  with  absolute  confidenc*  that  the 
position  in  1912  was  materially  better  than  iu  1909.  He  thought 
that  great  credit  was  refiected  on  the  secretary  and  other  officials 
who  managed  the  lines.  He  could  assure  them  that  it  wa*  a  very 
complicated  business  to  work  if  they  controlled  various  lines  which 
worked  under  different  conditions.  It  wanted  very  careful  watch- 
ing, and  the  proof  that  vigilance  was  being  exercised  was  shown 
in  the  increasing  returns,  and  the  fact  that  expenditure  did  not 
increase  to  a  corresponding  ext«nt. 

Sir  J.  Beecham  seconded  the  motion. 

Mb.  Xewc.ass,  whilst  sympathising  with  the  directors,  remarked 
that  friends  of  his  at  Liverpool  had  told  him  that  if  there  were 
certain  outlays  the  returns  could  be  materially  improved.    They 


398 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.72.  No.  i,84i,mabch  7,  1913. 


hail  motors  running:  over  their  lines  and  damaging  the  road,  and 
could  the  company  not  carry  poods  traffic  itself  .' 

Mr.  Taylor  complained  that  the  accounts  did  not  enable  them 
to  form  an  intelligent  opinion  of  what  was  actually  being  done  on 
the  tramways,  and  it  would  help  them  if  more  statistics  were  given 
of  what,  was  actually  being  done.  He  thought  the  working 
expenses  were  high,  and  compared  unfavourably  with  other 
companies. 

The  CiiAinM.\N,  replying  to  the  criticisms,  pointed  out  that  if 
they  could  not  raise  money  at  a  good  rate  it  was  certain  they  could 
not  use  it  in  the  district  in  a  rem  unerative  way.  I  f  Mr.  Xewgass 
had  known  the  difficulty  they  had  over  the  prior  lien  bonds  he 
would  realise  that  the  chance  of  raising  capital  at  a  remunerative 
rate  was  very  remote.  They  did  once  have  a  great  idea  of  the 
poBsibi1itiet«  of  goods  traffic,  but,  after  going  most  exhaustively  into 
the  whole  matter,  they  could  not  see  how  they  could  fit  such  a 
service  in  practically  with  the  passenger  service.  With  regard  to 
the  prospectus  they  issued  for  the  prior  lien  bonds,  they  had  the 
advice  of  Mr.  Salter  and  Mr  Sellon,  and  that  the  results  had  not 
come  up  to  anticipations  was  due  to  many  circumstances  it  was 
impossible  for  him  to  go  into  at  the  moment.  lie  would  not 
venture  to  make  any  prophecy  as  to  when  they  were  likely  to  get  a 
dividend. 

The  report  wa,s  then  adopted, 


W.  T.  Henlevs  Telegraph  AVorks  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  Friday  last  at  the  offices,  13  and 
14,  BlomfieU  Street,  E.C.,  Mr.  Sydney  Gedge,  M.A.,  presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electeicai.  Review,  page  3.1S),  said  that  when  a  company  could 
show  such  a  good  balance-sheet  as  they  were  able  to  show  this  year, 
succeeding,  as  it  did,  similar  balance-sheets  for  a  good  many  years 
past,  it  would  be  strange,  indeed,  if  they  had  to  find  any  fault  with 
the  directors.  During  the  year  they  had  made  a  profit  of  £92,068. 
They  had  spent  £32,483  upon  additions  to  their  buildings.  Out 
of  the  balance  of  £42.ir)4  they  proposed  to  put  £13,790  to 
depreciation  for  buildings  and  machinery.  It  was  quite  right  to 
do  that,  but  it  did  not  mean  that  the  money  had  gone  out  of  their 
pockets,  it  was  still  in  the  business.  They  had  also  written  a 
further  £4.219  off  their  trustee  tecurities.  lie  could  not  say 
how  long  that  depreciation  was  going  to  continue.  Personally,  he 
thoutrht  that  untQ  there  was  a  change  in  the  Government  of  the 
country  that  depreciation  was  likely  to  continue,  and  he  might 
say  that  since  December  3l8t  their  securities  had  depreciated 
a  further  £3,000.  He  hoped  that  something  would  happen  in  the 
course  of  the  next  year  or  two  to  cause  consols  and  other  gilt- 
edged  securities  to  go  up  again.  They  had  put  £1.5,000  to  the 
reserve  account,  bringing  it  up  to  £200,000,  and  they  carried  forward 
£8,15.T.  He  thought  they  would  agree  that  that  was  a  very  strong 
position  for  an  industrial  company  to  be  placed  in.  During  the 
year  they  had  considerably  increased  their  office  accommodation, 
and  also  their  warehouse  accommodation  in  the  basemect.  They 
had  also  made  considerable  additions  to  the  works.  The  directors 
had,  in  accordance  with  their  usual  custom,  held  board  meetings 
at  Graveeend  and  Woolwich,  and  been  over  the  works,  and  he 
thought  they  were  all  very  pleased  with  them.  Everything  was  in 
very  excellent  order.  The  whole  of  the  business  had  worked  very 
smoothly  during  the  year  ;  there  had  been  no  strikes  ;  the  health 
of  the  workpeople  had  been  good,  and  there  had  been  no  accident  of 
any  moment  whatever. 

Me.  Georoe  SrTTON,  the  managing  director,  in  seconding  the 
motion,  said  the  report  was  as  good  as  shareholders  could 
possibly  expect.  It  represented  a  year  of  intense  work  and  of  full 
employment  at  both  factories.  It  represented  the  largest  turnover 
that  the  business  had  ever  done,  and  that  with  prices  not  above  the 
normal.  The  satisfactory  feature  of  this  increased  turnover  jvas 
that  it  was  not  due  to  any  one  or  two  abnormal  contracts,  but, 
almost  without  exception,  the  business  had  increased  in  every  part 
of  the  world.  He  wanted  them  to  understand  that  the  improved 
profit  was  not  due  to  a  larger  profit  upon  their  goods,  but  to  a  larger 
turnout  of  material.  There  were  two  factors  which  had  contributed 
to  the  excellent  results  of  the  past  year,  namely,  labour  and 
raw  material.  In  the  case  of  labour,  they  had  had  a  year  of  peace  ; 
they  had  had  no  trouble  at  either  of  their  factories.  There  was  no 
bitterness  left  in  the  minds  of  either  employers  or  employed  as  a 
result  of  the  strike  of  1911.  The  improvement  of  the  conditions 
of  their  workpeople  as  well  as  of  the  staff  was  always  in  the  minds  of 
the  managers  ;  they  did  not  wait  to  be  pressed  by  Trade  T'rrions  or 
other  people  to  do  justice  to  their  workpeople.  Perhaps  there  was 
one  echo  of  the  strike  during  the  past  jear,  and  that  was,  that 
efforts  had  been  made  to  induce  certain  of  their  municipal  customers 
to  refrain  from  renewing  their  contracts  with  them.  Of  course, 
those  efforts  were  not  made  by  their  workpeople.  He  knew  the 
source  from  which  they  emanated,  but  he  had  the  satisfaction  of 
telling  them  that  in  no  single  instance  had  they  succeeded, 
and  three  of  their  largest  customers  who  were  approached  had 
renewed  their  contracts  with  the  company.  As  to  raw  material,  as  the 
shareholders  were  aware,  the  principal  materials  in  which  the  com- 
pany dealt  were  copper,  lead  and  india-rubber.  They  had  had  no 
boom  in  any  of  those  materials  during  the  past  year.  Booms  were 
no  doubt  very  exciting  and  enjoyable  to  a  large  section  of  the 
public,  but  they  were  very  embarrasting  to  manufacturers  who  had 
to  use  the  boomed  articles.  The  fairly  level  prices  which  they  had 
had  throughout  the  year,  had  kept  a  continuous  (■tream  of  orders 
coming  in  to  the  works,  whereas  when  prices  were  unreasonably 
bi^h,  ae  theijrwere  two  or  three  years  ago  in  the  oaee  of  india-rubber. 


buyers  were  apt  to  wait  and  wait  until  the  pendulum  swung  to 
lower  prices  before  they  sent  in  orders,  and  so  the  equilibrium  of 
trade  was  upset.  As  to  the  future,  he  could  speak  with  a 
pretty  sure  prophetic  voice  ;  they  were  going  to  be  all  right 
this  year,  because  their  order  sheet  at  the  present  time  was  the 
largest  they  had  ever  had.  With  regard  to  the  future  beyond 
1913,  the  directors  were  looking  with  a  considerable  amount  of 
hope  to  the  electrification  of  railways,  which  business  ought  to 
bring  a  great  deal  of  grist  to  the  company.  They  had  no  reason 
to  suppose  that  they  would  not  get  a  fair  share  of  orders  for  cables 
which  would  be  needed  in  that  direction.  They  had  one  order  on 
their  books  for  £10ti,000  for  the  construction  and  laying  of 
cables  for  the  electrification  of  a  portion  of  the  Central  Argen- 
tine Railway — the  largest  order  of  the  kind  which  had  ever  been 
placed.  He  might  say  that  at  the  new  works,  which  they  were 
putting  up  at  Gravesend,  it  was  intended  to  manufacture  pneumatic 
motor  tires. 

After   some   complimentary   observations   by    shareholders,   the 
report  was  adopted. 


London  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd. 

Mr.   R.   H.   Benson   presided,   on  February  27th,   at  Winchester 
House,  E.G.,  over  the  annual  meeting. 

The  Chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  358),  first  referred  in  sympathetic 
terms  to  the  late  Lord  Crawford,  one  of  the  original  directors  and 
the  late  chairman.  To  fill  the  vacancy  they  had  elected  Lord 
Duncannon  who,  probably,  before  long,  would  again  be  in  Parlia- 
ment, when  he  would  be  in  a  position  to  render  them  valuable 
service.  Further,  his  close  connection  with  the  chairman  of  the 
Brighton  Railway,  with  which  they  already  had  large  dealings  and 
expected  larger  to  come,  should  tend  to  the  best  mutual  under- 
standing, and  they  welcomed  any  occasion  for  cementing  still  more 
closely  the  already  pleasant  relations  which  had  always  existed 
between  the  Brighton  Railway  Co.  and  themselves.  Those  who  had 
studied  the  accounts  could  not  fail  to  have  noticed  that  in 
three, respects  the  year  under  review  constituted  a  record  : — First, 
in  the  actual  number  of  units  sold,  28,409,7.5.5,  an  increase 
of  8,000,000  over  the  best  preceding  year  ;  secondly,  in  the 
gross  receipts  for  sale  of  current,  the  figures  being  £138,000, 
as  against  £125,000,  the  next  highest  total,  in  1905;  and  lastly, 
in  the  cost  of  generation  per  unit  sold,  namely,  '66d.,  as  against 
■82d  ,  a  decrease  of  20  per  cent.  They  might  fairly  claim  this  as  a 
most  satisfactory  showing,  and  one  which  was  full  of  promise  for 
the  future.  It  was  true  that  the  net  revenue  had  not  risen 
sufficiently  to  enable  them  to  increase  their  dividends,  but  it  did 
show  an  increase  of  over.  £7,000,  and  but  for  the  necessity  now 
imposed  on  them  of  creating  a  sinking  fund  for  the  repayment  of 
their  debentures  in  1931,  which  required  £12.000  a  year,  they 
would  have  had  a  larger  surplus  to  divide.  They  proposed  payment 
on  the  ordinary  shares  of  the  same  dividend  as  last  year,  viz.,  2J  per 
cent,  carrying  forward  £4,706  ;  £1,000  had  been  placed  to  con- 
tingencies' account,  and  owing  to  the  provision  of  the  sinking  fund, 
to  which  he  had  referred,  it  had  not  been  thought  necessary  to 
increase  the  reserve,  which  remained  at  £77,500.  He  should  like 
to  anticipate  a  question  which  some  shareholders  might  be 
inclined — and  very  legitimately  inclined — to  put  to  them  :  "  You 
tell  us  year  after  year,"  it  might  be  said,  "of  the  progress 
which  the  company  is  making,  of  the  increase  in  the 
number  of  the  units  sold,  and  of  the  decrease  in  the  cost  ; 
and  yet  our  dividend  remains  the  same.  What  isthe  advantage 
of  all  this  to  us  .'  You  are  continually  issuing  fresh  capital, 
but  this  capital  does  not  appear  to  do  more  than  earn  its 
own  interest,  andthe  ordinary  shareholder  is  not  benefited.'" 
This  was  a  natural,  and,  as  he  said,  a  legitimate  objection, 
and  he  would  endeavour  to  meet  it.  He  had  a  comparative 
table  showing  gross  and  net  revenue,  debenture  interest,  divi- 
dends, and  surplus  placed  to  reserve,  for  the  last  12  years, 
beginning  1901,  which  provided  the  answer  to  the  question  they 
were  considering.  It  showed  that  in  the  year  1906,  the  year  which 
followed  those  two  exceptional  years  in  which  they  were  supplying 
current  to  the  L.C.C.  for  their  tramways  pending  the  completion  of 
their  own  supply  station,  there  was  a  fall  in  the  gross  revenue 
from  £130,591  (this  included  all  other  sources  of  revenue  as  well  as 
current)  to  £112,039,  and  in  the  net  from  £78,721  to  £56,522.  In 
the  following  year,  1907,  there  was  a  further  drop  to  £  105,539  in  the 
gross  and  £46,320  in  the  net.  That  was  the  low-water  mark,  viz.,  the 
year  1906,  During  those  years  they  were  supplying  very  little 
current  for  power  purposes.  Bat  directly  they  began— towards  the 
end  of  1910— to  supply  current  to  the  Brighton  Railway  for 
traction  purposes,  and  to  manufacturers  and  industries,  as  well  as 
for  light,  their  revenue,  both  gross  and  net,  began  to  expand.  The 
secret  of  cheap  power  was  to  supply  it  for  all  purposes  and  for  the 
greatest  number  of  hours  out  of  the  24,  so  as  to  keep  the  machinery 
steadily  running.  The  year  just  past  was  the  first  year  in  which 
their  two  new  turbine  plants  were  running — and  even  then  not  for 
the  whole  period  :  and  the  result,  as  they  saw,  was  an  expansion  in 
gross  receipts  of  £15,000.  and  in  net  of  £7,000,  or  nearly  12  per 
cent.,  while  the  units  sold  had  increased  from  20.000,000  to 
28,000,000.  What  was  the  conclusion  to  be  drawn  from  all  this  ? 
Was  it  not  that  the  work  they  had  been  carrying  on  during  these 
past  years  had  been  work  of  preparation — arduous  but  necessary 
for  the  harvest  which,  he  thought,  was  in  sight  .'  During  the  past 
nine  years  they  had  increased  their  preference  share  capital  by 
£200,000  and  the  debentures  by  more  than  £100.000;  but  even 
in  these  comparatively  lean  years  of  preparation  they  had  earned 
interest  on  this  money,  and  a  small  dividend    beside*   and   had 


Vol.  7a.     No.  1,8H,  MaiiCii  7,  lOl.'J. 


'vm:  vAA^T/nackL  ukyU'WV 


899 


BtrengtheiieJ  their  punitiuii  H9  much  thiit  thoy  were  pruducitiK 
current  ooDBidorably  (cheaper  per  li.T.u.  thnn  iiny  other  company  in 
the  London  nren.  The  board  loiiif  piiice  came  to  the  conchiHion, 
and  it  hud  bein  often  Htated  from  that  place,  that  it  waH  in  thi- 
treneration  of  current  for  induBtrial  and  traction  puriwHcn,  com- 
bined with  liifhtiiii^,  that  the  prosperity  of  the  company  lay.  In 
the  litfhtintr  field  they  were  out-dihtanccd  by  more  fortunate 
competitors  who  had  benefited  by  their  pioneorinj;  experience,  and 
whom  they  could  not  hope  to  displace.  It  wan  for  this  reason  that 
they  turned  their  attention  to  obtainini;  lartre  power  contracts,  and 
that  they  concluded  with  the  WestniinMtcr  and  St.  .Janres'  ccm- 
panies  agreements  which  were  intended  to  eliminate  waste  com- 
petition for  lighting,  and  (;>ve  the  mont  ttlicient  service  in  the  areas 
which  they  served  alonu  with  those  companies.  They  were  entitled 
to  claim  that  the  event  had  amply  justified  their  oction.  Any 
attempt  to  develop  their  li(;htin{;  field  further  could  only  have 
resulted  in  a  cut-throat  competition,  which,  while  it  mif,'ht  have 
damaf^ed  their  rivals,  would  probably  have  brouKht  them  very  little 
increase  of  revenue,  and  he  had  no  hesitation  in  sayinff  that  with- 
out the  load  for  traction  and  industrial  power,  and  relyinpr  only  on 
their  lighting  units,  it  would  have  been  impossible  to  get  any  fair 
return  for  the  service  rendered  to  the  public.  Their  contract  with 
the  Brighton  Railway  Co.  had  now  been  in  full  operation  for  not 
much  more  than  two  years.  In  February,  1910,  he  said  that  in  the 
Cthen)  coming  year  they  expected  to  sell  them  over  5,000,000  units, 
and  hoped  for  much  more.  Well,  last  year  that  5,000,000  was 
increased  to  nearly  1. '>, 000,000 ;  and  that  was  nothing  to  the 
demand  which  they  expect  shortly  to  be  called  upon  to  meet.  The 
board  of  the  Brighton  Railway,  had  now  decided  to  complete  the  elec- 
trification of  their  entire  suburban  system  ;  and  they  had  tcood  reason 
to  expect  that  they  would  oonie  for  their  supply  of  current  to  the 
company  with  whose  co-operation  during  the  existing  contract 
they  had  more  than  once  publicly  expressed  their  satisfaction. 
Their  demand  might  amount  to  anything,  from  a  minimum  of 
80,000,000  units  up  to  as  much  as  160,000,000.  Now,  as  a  general 
principle,  and  leaving  out  of  account  exceptional  factors  Euch  as  a 
sudden  rise  in  the  price  of  coal,  as  the  number  of  units  generated 
increased,  and  the  load  factor  rose,  so  did  the  costs  of  generation 
tend  to  fall.  Therefore,  without  his  labouring  the  point  further, 
they  would  see  that  in  a  contract  for  the  supply  of  power  on  such 
a  scale  as  this,  when  combined  with  a  supply  to  other  customers 
for  industrial  purposes,  there  should  be  room  for  profits  sufficient  to 
place  their  ordinary  shareholders  at  last  on  the  footing  which  they 
certainly  had  a  right  to  expect,  and  for  which  they  had  so  long 
and  patiently  waited.  And  this  brought  him  to  another  point  — 
the  question  of  capital.  It  was  obvious  that  they  could  not 
meet  so  big  a  demand  upon  them  without  a  large  extension  of 
plant  ;  and  that  would  involve  the  finding  of  fresh  money. 
For  this  purpose  they  were  submitting  that  day  a  resolution  for 
increasing  the  capital  of  the  company  by  £250,000,  to  be  "divided 
into  shares  of  such  dehomination,  either  preference  or  ordinary,  as 
the  board  may  determine."  That  would  also  increase  their  borrow- 
ing powers,  which  were  now  exhausted.  They  did  not  anticipate 
that  any  of  this  fresh  capital  would  be  needed  during  the  current 
year,  but  they  wished  to  be  prepared  for  any  emergency.  As  the 
length  of  their  tenure  diminished,  the  difficulty  of  finding  fresh 
capital,  of  course,  increased,  for  they  had  to  provide  for  its  repay- 
ment if  they  were  taken  over  by  the  purchasing  authority  in  1931  ; 
and  as  they  had  seen  in  the  case  of  the  recent  issue  of  debenture?, 
this  had  necessitated  the  provision  of  a  very  heavy  sinking  fund. 
Bat  their  financial  advisers  were  confident  that  for  the  purposes  of 
undertaking  so  important  a  contract  as  that  on  which  they  hoped 
shortly  to  be  called  upon  to  enter,  there  would  be  no  difficulty  in 
finding  the  necessary  capital.  In  conclusion,  he  would  like  once 
more  to  bear  testimony  to  the  spirit  of  Z9al  in  which  everyone  in 
the  company's  employment,  from  highest  to  lowest,  worked  for  the 
furtherance  of  its  interests.  In  a  few  months  their  managing 
director,  Mr.  Bain,  and  the  chief  engineer,  Mr.  Partridgf.  would 
have  completed  25  years  in  the  service  of  the  company.  They 
entered  upon  their  duties  together  soon  after  the  company  came  into 
being,  and  they  had  worked  together,  with  unflagging  keenness  for 
its  interests  from  that  day  to  this.  They  had  so  far  identified 
themselves  with  the  company  that  it  was  not  too  much  to  say  that 
its  success  was  their  life's  work  ;  and  it  was  a  work  of  which  thej 
had  a  right  to  be  proud,  for  they  had  seen  the  company  through 
many  dark  days,  and  it  was  only  by  untiring  watchfulness,  patience 
and  persistence  that  they,  working  with  the  late  Lord  Wantage  as 
chairman,  piloted  it  to  the  position  that  it  now  occupied.  He 
should  like,  therefore,  in  conclusion,  to  invite  them  to  pass  a  special 
vote  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Bain  and  Mr.  Partridge  on  the  occasion  of 
the  completion  of  their  twenty-fifth  year  of  service  with  the 
company,  which  they  would  hope  might  also  coincide  with  the 
signature  of  a  new  and  profitable  contract  with  the  Brighton 
Railway. 

Me.  Stewart  Bain  (managing  director),  in  seconding  the  motion, 
first  thanked  the  chairman  for  his  references  to  the  aporoaching 
semi-jubilees  of  himself  and  Mr.  Partridge,  and  said  he  would- 
like  to  take  the  opportunity  of  testifying  to  the  great  assistance  he 
had  always  received  from  Mr.  Partridge.  He  also  endorsed  what 
had  been  said  by  the  chairman  regarding  the  late  Earl  Crawford. 
The  capital  expenditure  for  the  year  was  f  46.631,  as  compared 
with  £73,000  last  year.  This  was  less  than  was  anticipated,  and 
nearly  the  whole  of  it  waa  in  connection  with  the  Brighton  Co.'s 
contract.  They  laid  about  6i  miles  of  new  mains  during  the  year, 
bringing  the  total  number  of  mains  laid  up  to  196i  miles.  They 
did  not  anticipate  a  very  large  expenditure  this  year,  but  when  the 
new  contract  with  the  Brighton  Railway  Co.  in  connection  with 
their  extension  came  along,  very  considerable  extensions  to  their 
plant  and  machinery  and  mains  would  have  to  be  met.  Some 
idea     of    what    it     might      be     might     be     obtained     if     he 


reuil  an  cxuract  from  a  reciiit  artlvie  in  the  I'itnei,  viz.,  "Tb« 
hupply  of  elcelricily  taken  from  the  London  KIwjtrlo  Supply  Cor 
poralion  ha«  prov((l  ho  Matihfactory,  that  it  Im  Intendid  to  pur<:lin«)- 
all  the  current  r((|uir((l  tor  oiKirating  the  Mnborban  nynttm  from 
the  same  Hource.  In  i;on«<i|Uciice  that  company  will  have  to  inntall 
additional  plant  amounting  to  wime  40,<iOO  or  .00,000  KW  ,  and 
their  power  station  at  Deptford  will  fxc:ome  one  of  the  larifCDl,  if 
not  the  largent,  in  the  country.'  With  regard  to  the  revenu<! 
account  the  total  expenditure  wan  about  £M,000  more  than  in  the 
previous  year,  but  uh  the  gi  nerating  jxpencen  alone  were  about 
£9,00(»  more,  the  expenditure  under  the  other  hmAn  of  the  account 
was  about  £1,000  IcHH.  The  average  price  paid  for  coal  during  the 
the  year  was  lOd  per  ton  more,  but  owing  to  the  prcjcau- 
tions  they  took  in  building  up  a  large  ntock  of  coal 
they  had  no  difliculty  in  meeting  every  demand  upon 
them.  The  gross  revenue  showed  an  increase  of  £l."<,i»00  over 
last  year.  The  average  price  received  for  every  unit  wan  about 
I'd.,  as  compared  with  I  Id.  for  the  previous  year— a  reduction  of 
about  20  per  cent.,  and  it  spoke  well  for  the  elliciency  and  zeal  of 
the  staff  that  the  total  cost  had  fallen  from  82  to  6'6  per  unit. 
This  latter  figure  was  one  which  their  engineering  staff  had  every 
reason  to  be  proud  of.  They  were  paying  special  attention  to  the 
supply  of  power  for  industrial  purposes,  and  manufacturers  were 
gradually  realising  the  econt  my,  efficiency  and  facility  of  electric 
driving,  as  compared  with  steam  driving.  Generally,  the  year  had 
been  one  of  progress,  and  the  future  was  not  only  hopeful  but 
bright. 

Mr.  Makins  suggested  that  with  regard  to  the  debenture 
redemption  fund,  it  would  be  well  if  the  company  purchased  its 
own  stock.  He  also  urged  the  board  to  take  care  in  negotiating  the 
Brighton  Railway  contract,  as  it  might  be  that  a  few  years  hence 
the  railway  company  might  think  it  better  to  generate  their  own 
electricity. 

Mu.  Han  KEY  said  he  was  glad  they  had  heard  the  chairman  give 
them  some  hope  for  the  future.  They  seemed  so  far  to  have  been 
a  philanthropic  company  to  provide  electricity  first  for  the  London 
County  Council  and  then  to  the  Brighton  Railway  Co. 

The  Chairman,  in  reply,  said  that  they  were  acquiring  their 
own  debenture  stock,  and  last  year  for  £12,o00  they  ptirchased 
£13,:553  worth  of  stock.  The  present  contract  with  the  Brighton  Co. 
had  15  years  to  run,  and  it  went  without  saying  that  they  must 
have  a  sufficiently  long  contract  to  make  it  pay. 

The  report  was  then  adopted. 

The  necessary  resolutions  for  increasing  the  capital  as  explained 
in  the  chairman's  speech  were  carried. 

On  the  motion  of  Mr.  Ikce,  seconded  by  Mr.  Hankey,  a  special 
vote  of  thanks  was  passed  to  Mr.  Bain  and  Mr.  Partridge  ;  and  the 
latter  gentleman,  in  acknowledging  it,  said  the  progress  being 
made  by  the  company  was  due  to  the  wonderful  engineering  staff 
they  now  had.  He  had  visited  many  stations  on  the  Continent, 
and  nearly  all  the  stations  in  this  country,  and  had  never  seen  a 
more  competent  staff  than  they  had  at  Deptford. 


Waste  Heat  and  Gas  Electrical  Generating 
Stations,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  February  28th  at  the  offices  in 
Newcastle  on-Tyne.  Dr.  J.  B.  Simpson,  chairman  of  directoie, 
presided. 

The  Chairman  said  the  issuetl  capital  was  the  same  as  last  year, 
but  it  had  been  fully  paid  up  during  the  whole  year,  and  conse- 
quently the  amount  required  for  the  eame  dividend  was  consider- 
ably more  than  it  was  in  the  previous  year,  when  only  a  small  part 
of  the  new  capital  was  dividend  earning.  The  reserve  and  depre- 
ciation account  had  been  increased  by  the  transfer  of  £9. COO  out 
of  the  year's  profits,  and  amounted  to  £33,350.  Their  capital 
expenditure  had  been  increased  by  £43,600,  which  represented 
farther  payments  made  in  connection  with  Grangetown,  Port 
Clarence  and  Ayrescme  generating  stations.  These  stations  had 
been  completed  .luring  the  year,  and  had  produced  a  considerable 
increase  in  the  revenue  of  the  company.  Their  investments  had  been 
increased  by  £17,000  by  the  payment  of  the  balance  on  the  new 
shares  taken  up  in  the  Bankfoot  Power  Co.,  Ltd.  The  profits  of  the 
Waste  Heat  Co.  showed  an  increase  of  £10,939  on  the  previous 
year,  which  was  owing  principally  to  the  starting  up  of  new  gene- 
rating stations.  All  the  company's  stations  were  running  very  satis- 
factorily, and  had  it  not  been  for  the  miners'  strike  in  the  early 
part  of  last  year,  the  profits  would  have  shown  a  still  further 
increase.  As  it  was,  however,  the  coke  ovens  and' ironworks,  from 
which  they  obtained  the  waste  heat  and  gas,  were  shut  down 
during  the  period  ot  the  strike,  and  in  consequence  the  generating 
stations  had  to  be  closed  down  also.  The  revenue  from  the  pro- 
duction of  electricity  was  reduced  to  nothing  during  the  period  of 
the  strike,  but  at  the  same  time,  of  course,  they  had  no  payments 
to  make  for  waste  heat  or  gas.  Advantage  waa  taken  during  that 
period  to  thoroughly  overhaul  all  the  plant  in  their  stations,  which 
was  consequently  in  a  thoroughly  efficient  state  of  repair.  The 
directors  had  not  yet  concluded  any  further  agreements  for  the 
erection  of  new  generating  stations,  but  proposals  were  still  under 
consideration,  and  they  hoped  that  during  the  current  yf  ar  agree- 
ments would  be  finally  concluded  whereby  one  or  more  additional 
generating  stations  would  be  erected  by  them.  The  character  of 
their  business  was,  he  though,  so  far  as  this  country  was  con- 
cerned at  least,  unique.  They  purchased  waste  heat  from  the 
people  who  had  it,  converted  it  in  their  stations  into  electric  power, 
and  sold  the  electricity  in  bulk  to  power  companies,  by  whom  it 
was  distributed  throughout  the  district.  Their  contracts  with  the 
power  companies  were  very  simple.    As  that  company  could  supply 


400 


THE    ELECTEICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  72.  No.  i.sti,  maboh  7,  igi.n. 


them  with  power  from  the  waste  heat  stations  more  cheaply  than 
the  companies  could  produce  it  in  their  coal- burning  stations, 
the  power  companies  were  plad  to  take  from  them  as 
much  power  a?  the  stations  conld  generate.  In  addition 
the  former  companies  bore  the  cost  of  operating-  the  stations,  and 
kept  them  in  repair  and  paid  that  company  a  rental  for  the  use  of 
them.  The  expense  of  obtaining  a  sale  for  and  distributing  their 
product,  which  was  such  a  larjre  and  growing-  item  in  the  expenses 
of  most  companies  who  manufactured  and  sold,  was  borne  by  the 
power  companies,  which  placed  them  in  a  specially  favourable 
position.  On  the  other  hand,  the  supply  of  cheap  power  was  of  the 
greatest  possible  benefit  to  the  power  companies,  and  ultimately  to 
the  consumers.  But  the  Waste  Heat  Co.'s  operations  were  more 
than  this — they  were  of  great  advantage  to  the  ironmasters  and 
coalowners  in  that  district.  Xot  only  did  they  earn  a  substantial 
revenue  from  energy  which  was  formerly  wasted,  but  that  company 
also  supplied  them  with  electric  power  for  their  own  use  at  a  price 
and  with  a  reliability  which  they  could  not  obtain  by  themselves. 
The  fact  that  all  their  stations  were  linked  together  and  with  those 
of  the  power  companies  enabled  a  continuous  supply  to  be  given 
throughout  the  year. 
The  report  was  unanimously  adopted. 


Para  Electric  Tramways  and  Lif^liting  Co,.  Ltd. 

Sill  William   Evans  GoimoN   (chairman)  presided  on  February 
28th,  at  the  Cannon  Street  Hotel,  E.G.,  over  the  annual  meeting. 

The  Chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Ei.EC.  Hev.,  page  3.'i8),  said  it  was  the  most  satisfactory  they 
had  ever  had.  The  hope  he  expressed  at  the  last  meeting  regarding 
a  reduction  of  operating  expenses  had  been  fulfilled.  The  results 
of  the  improvements  in  the  plant,  and  the  cessation  of  interference 
with  their  operations,  which  was  caused  by  the  construction  of  the 
Port  Works,  had  come  up  to  their  expectations,  and  they  were  able 
to  show  the  substantial  decrease  in  total  operating  expenses  of 
£17,317.  He  would  remind  them,  however,  that  this  decrease  was 
not  fully  apparent  by  a  comparison  of  the  figures  in  the  respective 
reports.  This  was  due  to  the  fact  that  a  different  rate  of  exchange 
was  used  in  their  accounts  in  the  two  years.  For  the  past  year  the 
rate  had  been  altered  from  l.')d.  to  Itid.  per  milreis.  This  rate  of 
Hid.  had  now  been  fixed  as  the  legal  rate  by  the  Brazilian  Govern- 
ment. For  the  purpose  of  a  true  comparison,  therefore,  the  1911 
figures  must  be  converted  at  the  rate  of  exchange  of  16d., 
and  this  had  been  done,  as  closely  as  was  now  possible 
without  reanalysing  every  item  in  last  year's  accounts. 
The  number  of  passensers  carried  increased  by  7(16,54 (i,  and  the 
operating  expenses  fell  from  £132,200  to  £124,304 — a  decrease  of 
fi  per  cent.  The  result  in  net  gains  over  last  year's  figures  was 
£8,147.  As  regarded  the  lighting  branch  of  the  business,  thegross 
receipts  decreased  from  £95, .510  to  £94,610,  but  the  operating 
expenses  fell  from  £52,4GS  to  £43,047,  or  a  decrease  of  18  per  cent. 
The  net  result  on  the  lighting  was,  therefore,  a  gain  over  last  year 
of  £8,521.  To  sum  up,  the  percentage  of  operation  to  gross  receipts 
over  the  whole  year  was  54  per  cent.,  against  59  per  cent,  for  the 
previous  year.  It  was  satisfactory  to  know  that  the  number  of 
their  lighting  customers  during  the  year  increased  by  14  per  cent., 
and,  as  regarded  the  slight  decrease  in  gross  receipts,  he  might  say 
that  this  was  accounted  for  by  the  extended  use  of  metallic-fila- 
ment lamps,  and  also  by  some  reduction  in  the  public  or  street 
lighting.  Turning  to  the  capital  expenditure,  they  spent  on  capital 
account  £24,637.  The  principal  items  for  which  this  expenditure 
was  made  were  a  new  600- kw.  traction  set,  a  new  boiler  already  in 
service,  and  material  for  two  further  boilers  not  yet  completely 
erected.  They  had  also  to  provide  for  extensions  in  their  lightins' 
system,  and  a  considerable  increase  in  the  number  of  consumers' 
meters.  This  expenditure  was  required  for  meeting-  the  growth 
and  progress  of  the  undertaking.  The  sum  of  £4.654  had  been 
written  off  capital  expenditure  and  charged  to  the  reserve  for 
renewals  account.  This  sum  represented  the  value  of  an  old 
unit  of  240-KW.  capacity  replaced  by  the  600  -  kw. 
set,  and  an  old  boiler  replaced  by  the  new  one. 
In  this  way  they  followed  the  usual  practice  of  writing  off  new 
expenditure,  which  did  not  increase  their  actual  earning  capacity. 
They  had  to  face  the  fact  that  the  rubber  position,  upon  which  the 
prosperity  of  Para  largely  depended,  was  at  present  not  very  satis- 
factory, and  that  a  period  of  depression  was  being  experienced,  and 
might  continue.  It  was,  indeed,  most  encouraging  that  during  this 
depression  their  business  had  continued  to  do  so  well,  and  no  signs 
of  bad  times  wCre  noticeable  in  their  results.  But  they  considered 
it  wise  to  be  amply  provided  against  any  trouble  that  might  occur, 
and  felt  that  their  financial  arrangements  this  year  placed  them  in 
a  very  secure  position.  In  the  spring  of  1912  their  manager  in 
Para,  Mr.  P.  C.  Barley,  was  taken  seriously  ill,  and  was  compelled 
to  return  to  England,  and,  they  regretted  to  say,  had  been 
unable  to  resume  his  work  in  Para.  Mr.  C.  H.  Julius,  of 
Messrs.  J,  G.  White  *c  Co.,  Ltd.,  their  engineering  managers, 
at  once  proceeded  to  Para,  where  he  remained  for  several 
months.  The  directors  fully  appreciated  his  efforts  and 
ability  in  the  operation  of  the  property  and  in  reducing  operating 
expenses.  The  retirement  of  Mr.  Barley  had  led  to  several  changes 
in  the  operating  staff.  Mr.  Walter  Binns,  formerly  of  the  Reading 
tramways,  had  been  appointed  general  manager.  He  took  up  his 
duties  in  December  last,  and  they  looked  forward  to  continued  and 
increasing  prosperity  with  him  in  charge.  They  had  also  been 
fortunate  in  obtaining  Mr.  .1.  P.  Kemp,  who  was  in  charge  of  the 
Birmingham  electric  supply  station,  as  the  chief  station  engineer, 
and  with  these  two  additions  to  their  existing  well-tried  and  loyal 
Btaff.  they  felt  that  their  property  was  in  the  safest  possible  hands. 


Ab  to  the  future,  he  did  not  believe  he  could  give  a  better  indication 
than  to  tell  them  that  for  the  first  two  months  of  the  current 
financial  year  the  gross  receipts  of  the  undertaking  had  increased 
by  £3,575  and  the  surplus,  after  providing  for  all  charges  includ 
ing  preference  dividend,  was  increased  by  £2,451  over  the  corres- 
ponding period  of  1912.  The  weekly  gross  tramway  takings  to  date 
showed  the  continued  maintenance  of  satisfactory  increases.  Every 
effort  was  being  made  by  the  board  and  by  the  engineers  to  still 
further  reduce  expenses  and  improve  operating  results.  The  new 
governor  and  new  Mayor  had  just  taken  their  seats,  and  strong 
efforts  were  being  put  forward  by  them  and  the  Federal  (Government 
to  foster  the  great  resources  of  the  Amazon  country. 

Mu.  E.  C.  Chehtos  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted  without  discussion. 

Ma.  W.  .1.  FiSHEH  proposed  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  board,  and 
this  was  carried.  • 


Citj  of  London  Electric  Lighting  Co..  Ltd. 

Tm:  directors  report  that  capital  expenditure  on  additions,  exten- 
sions and  replacements  during  the  year  1912  cost  £45,509,  and 
there  has  been  written  off  in  respect  of  buildings,  plant  and  other 
works  dismantled  £191,150,  leaving  a  net  expenditure  under 
capital  account  at  £2,000,324,  a  net  deduction  of  £145,642. 
.tl76,s4i  of  the  amount  written  off  represents  the  cost  of  engines 
and  generators  erected  in  succession  to  the  original  pioneer  plant. 
The  bulk  of  this  plant  was  retained  as  a  measure  of  precaution 
until  last  year  when  the  completion  of  the  erection  of  turbine  gene- 
rators of  the  most  modern  type  permitted  its  removal.  It  is  the 
intention  of  the  directors  to  continue  their  policy  of  replacing  any 
further  plant  which  from  time  to  time  may  become  obsolete  or 
uneconomical  in  operation,  as  they  consider  that  this  policy  is  in 
the  best  interests  of  the  shareholders  l)oth  as  regards  the  earning 
of  profits  in  future  years,  and  the  maintenance  of  the  plant  in  the 
highest  state  of  efficiency  in  view  of  ultimate  purchase  by  the 
Ij.C.C.  upon  the  terms  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act,  1888. 

The  directors  have  credited  the  first  debenture  stock  premium 
redemption  account  with  £1,476  from  revenue  for  interest,  raising 
the  amount  at  the  credit  of  the  redemption  account  to  £62,961. 
They  have  also  transferred  £50,000  from  net  revenue  account  to 
reserve  account.  The  balances  at  credit  of  the  reserve  funds  total 
£240,164,  including  dividend  eijualisation  account  balance,  £7,352. 
Amount  to  be  carried  forward  to  1913,  £24,333. 

The  total  revenue  for  the  year,  including  interest  on  investments 
and  discounts  (£2,710),  was  £300,619,  from  which  must  be  deducted 
the  following  items : — Expenses  of  generation  and  distribution, 
£70,131  ;  repairs  and  maintenance  of  buUdiDgs,  machinery,  plant, 
mains  and  other  works,  £10,960;  rent,  rates,  taxes,  management 
expenses  and  special  charges,  £55,847;  leaving  £163,681,  plus 
£26,943  brought  forward,  making  a  total  available  revenue  of 
£189,625.  Of  this  sum  the  following  amounts  have  been  distri- 
buted or  provided  for  : — Interest  on  loan  from  bankers,  consumers' 
deposits,  kc,  £2,787  ;  interest  on  first  and  second  debenture  stock 
for  year  ended  December,  1912,  £31,546  ;  interest  transferred  to 
debenture  stock  premium  redemption  account,  £1,476  ;  leasehold 
redemption  account,  interest  and  appropriation,  £269  ;  contri- 
butions to  employes'  provident  funds  and  under  National  Insurance 
Act,  £1,804  ;  stores,  written  down,  £1,628;  transfer  to  reserve 
account,  £50,000  ;  leaving  available  for  dividends  on  preference 
and  ordinary  shares  and  for  ''carry  forward"  to  1913,  £100,115. 
The  directors  now  recommend  the  following  dividends  for  the  year 
ended  December  Slst,  1912,  subject  to  deduction  of  income-tax: — 
Preference  shares,  12s.  per  share  (6  per  cent,  per  annum)  ;  ordinary 
shares,  16s.  per  share  (8  per  cent,  per  annum),  as  against  8  per 
cent,  for  the  previous  year.  These  absorb  £75,782,  leaving  £24,333 
to  be  carried  forward.  The  directors  also  propose  to  distribute  a 
bonus  of  2s.  per  ordinary  share,  less  income-ta.v.  out  of  the  amount 
standing  at  the  credit  of  the  dividend  equalisation  account.  This 
fund  was  set  aside  out  of  profits  in  past  years  in  order  to  ensure  the 
maintenance  of  a  7  per  cent,  dividend  upon  the  ordinary  shares,  it 
being  then  impossible  to  foresee  to  what  extent  the  company's 
revenue  might  be  reduced  by  the  introduction  of  the  metallic- 
filament  lamp.  The  directors,  however,  are  glad  to  say  that  the 
loss  so  caused  has  been  almost  counterbalanced  by  the  progressive 
consumption  of  electricity  for  other  purposes  than  lighting,  and, 
as  the  metallic-filament  lamp  has  now  been  adopted  by  practically 
all  lighting  consumers,  they  consider  it  is  no  longer  necessary  to 
retain  the  full  amount  of  this  fund,  but  they  propose  to  leave  the 
balance  of  £7,352  for  the  present.  The  following  comparative 
tables  show  the  position  of  the  company  : — 


Revence, 
OrosB  revenue 

Net  revenue 

DIt.  on  ordinary  shares  . 


Dec,  1910.  Dec,  1911.  Dec,  1912.  -t- over  1911. 

ie282,139  i:291,584  je800,619            iCD.OSS 

;ei6G,TC6  £161.666  iEieS.GSl            ;ei,81& 

7%  8%  8%               — 


Private  supply  for  all  purposes  :  average  prices  per  unit  obtained*. " 


1909. 
2-49d. 


1910. 
2  45d. 


1911. 
2'89a. 


1913. 
2-87. 


The  following  show  total  number  of  customers  and  connections,  - 
after  allowing  for  disconnections  (private  supply)  on  account  of  ^- 
removals,  substitutions  of  metallic-filament  lamps,  i:c.  : — 


1910. 

IflU. 

1912. 

over  1911. 

Number  ot-cuetomers. . 
KW,    connected    (inclndiog 
power  and  beating) 

ia,876 
87,127 

14,246 
89,122 

14,729 
41,161 

188 
3,039 

On  February  19th,  1913,  there  were  42,341  KW.  applied  for,  out 
of  which  41,290  were  connected,  and  the  onatomers  numbered 
14,789.  The  following  are  the  total  units  generated,  sold,  utilised 
on  works,  ic  (including  public  street  lighting)  : — 


Vol.72.  no.i,h4i.mahoh  7, 1913.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


401 


I'.lll. 

1»12. 

;i0.f,27,7lB 
20,8  'll,ir,« 
l,181),fi»5 

2,710  aai 

17,7fi'J 

a3,!jao,aa8 

27,48H,H(10 

1,429,7H'I 

!I,801,«0I 

lB,6in 

Qenoratod 

Bold 

Molerod  and  UBod  by  oompitMy 
Uxiiondud  in  diHlrlbutlnii,  &c. 
Maximum  Hiii>i>ly  doniiindid,  i>\v. 

The  total  units  sold  durin)?  19U'  show  an  increase  of  «or.,101  ovrir 
liill. 

i'ower  and  heatintr  supplier  continue  to  show  a  steady  increasn, 
the  total  units  sold  for  these  purposes  in  IDli'  beinu  as  follows  :- 
Power,  1»,280,87()  units  ;  hoatine,  1,070,27:.  units,  -  I0,;),'')1,1  lu  units, 
or  equal  to  4rO  per  cent,  of  the  total  units  sold  for  private  .supply. 
It  is  hoped  that  durini;  the  present  year  active  proLTess  will  be 
made  with  the  reorpanisation  of  the  public  utreot  lightinfr  in 
accordance  with  the  tender  already  accepted  by  the  Corporation. 
Wayleaves  for  attachments  to  buildinffs  are  beinjr  obtained  by  the 
Corporation,  but  these  necessarily  take  some  time  to  neRotiate. 

At  the  ordinary  g(  noral  meeting  o(  the  company,  held  on  March  4t/b,  1UU3, 
a  resolution  was  [laased  constitutinn  the  company  a  oontributing  company  of 
the  British  Kicctricai  Bupttrannuation  Fund,  and  authorising  the  directors 
to  make  annual  contributions  to  that  fund  on  behalf  of  members  of  the  com- 
pany's stait'.  Owing  to  an  adverse  actuarial  report  necessitating  the  reorgani- 
sation of  that  fund,  the  directors  and  those  of  the  company's  stall  who  were 
members  of  the  fund  decided  to  withdraw  therefrom.  After  very  careful 
ini|uirio»  and  consideration  the  diuctors  decided  that  it  would  be  more 
advantageouK  to  the  company  and  its  stalT  to  form  a  StafT  Provident  Fund, 
taking  as  a  nucleus  the  amount  of  j£8,0r>4,  which  was  received  by  the  company 
as  the  share  ol  the  assets  belonging  to  those  members  of  its  staff  wbo  were 
members  of  the  British  Kicctricai  Buperannuation  Fund. 

Tlie  directors  have  also  decided  that  contingent  provision  should  be  made 
by  the  company  for  making  appropriate  grants  where  circumstances  call  for 
BUch  assistance,  with  due  consideration  to  long  service  and  good  conduct  on  the 
part  of  the  employes  concerned.  The  shareholders  will  be  asked  to  approve 
and  conlirm  by  resolution  the  action  of  the  directors  in  making  annual  con- 
tributions for  this  purpose  and  to  aid  the  .Btaft  in  providing  systematically  for 
the  eventualities  of  the  future. 

The  directors'  report  contains  the  following  references  to  the 
question  of  purchase  of  the  undertaking  : — 

"  Your  directors  desire  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  com- 
pany is  approaching:  the  date,  August  18th,  iyi4,  at  which  (or 
within  six  months  of  which)  the  Corporation  may  give  notice  of 
its  desire  to  purchase  the  company's  undertaking  in  respect  of  the 
City  of  London  and,  in  view  of  the  interest  which  has  already  been 
aroused  upon  this  subject,  the  following  extracts  from  the  com- 
pany's provisional  orders  relating  thereto,  are  quoted  for  the  infor- 
mation of  the  shareholders.  It  will  be  noticed  that,  so  far  as 
public  lighting  is  concerned,  the  terms  of  purchase  are  to  be  those 
contained  in  Sec.  2  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act,  1888,  but  as 
regards  the  remainder  of  the  undertaking,  by  agreement,  or  as,  in 
default  of  agreement,  may  be  determined  by  arbitration." 

EXTRACTS  FROM  PROVISIONAL  ORDERS. 

Eastlrn  District  (Laino  Whakton  &  Down).     Royal  Assent,  August  18th, 
1890. 

Sec.  CI.— The  local  authority  may  within  six  months  after  the  expiration  of 
24  years  from  Uie  commencement '  of  this"order,  by  notice  in  writing  require 
the  undertakers  to  sell,  and  thereupon  the  undertakers  shall  sell  to  them  so 
much  of  the  undertaking  as  relates  to  public  purposes,  and  also,  if  the  local 
authority  ss  require,  so  much  of  the  undertaking  as  relates  to  private  pur- 
poaes. 

So  far  as  relates  to  public  purposes,  the  said  purchase  shall  be  on  the  teims 
specified  in  Sec.  2  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act,  1888. 

So  far  as  relates  to  private  purpotes,  the  said  purchase  shall  be  upon  such 
terms  as  may  be  agreed  upon  between  the  undertakers  and  the  local  authority, 
or  as,  in  default  of  agreement,  may  be  determined  by  arbitration. 

Central  District  Pkush),    Royal  Assent,  August  18th,  1890. 

Sec.  E9b.— The  local  authority  may  within  six  months  after  the  expiration 
of  24  years  from  the  commencement*  of  this  order,  by  notice  in  writing  require 
the  undertakers  to  sell,  and  thereupon  the  undertakers  shall  sell  to  them  so 
much  of  the  undeitaking  as  relates  to  public  purposes,  and  also,  if  the  local 
authority  so  require,  so  much  of  the  undertaking  as  relates  to  private  pur- 
poses. 

So  far  as  relates  to  public  purposes  the  said  purchase  shall  be  on  the  terms 
specified  in  Sec.  2  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act,  1688. 

So  far  as  relates  to  private  purposes  the  said  purchase  shall  be  upon  such 
terms  as  may  be  agreed  upon  between  the  undertakers  and  the  local  authority, 
or  as,  in  default  of  agreement,  may  be  determined  by  arbitration. 

Western  District  (Brush).    Royal  Assent,  August  6th,  1891. 

Seo.  2.— The  City  of  London  Electric  Lighting  (Brush)  Order,  1890,  herein- 
after called  the  principal  order,  and  this  order  shall  be  read  and  construed 
together  as  one  order,  and  may  be  cited  as  the  City  of  London  Electric  Light- 
i.jg  (Brush)  Orders,  1890  and  1891. 

Sea  10.-  The  period  of  42  years  mentioned  in  Sec.  2  of  the  Electric  Light- 
ing Act,  1888,  shall  for  the  purposes  of  the  principal  order  and  this  order  be 
reckoned  from  the  commencement^  of  the  principal  order. 

[♦  Commence iitfnt  =  Date  of  Royal  Assent.} 

The  annual  meeting  is  called  for  March  12th,  at  Salisbury  House, 
E.G. 


Charing  Cross,  West  End  and  City  Electricity 
Snpply  Co. 

Mb.  W.  F.  FiADQATE  (chairman)  presided  on  Tuesday  at  the 
oflBces.  St.  Martin's  Lane,  W.C,  over  the  annual  general  meeting  of 
the  above  company. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Electrical  Review, 
page  S57),  the  Chairman  said  he  was  glad  they  were  not  this  year 
in  the  unhappy  position  they  were  last  year,  viz.,  in  the  middle  of 
the  coal  strike,  although  labour  troubles  did  not  seem  to  have 
ended,  and  they  might  have  something  to  meet  in  the  course  of  the 
current  year.  At  the  last  annual  meeting  the  coal  strike  was 
absolutely  at  its  height,  and  the  board  were  filled  with  very  great 
anxiety  as  to  what  might  be  the  effect  upon  the  company's 
aifairs.  He  was  happy  to  say  that  the  strike  was  dealt  with, 
and  they  emerged  from  it  without  any  very  great  loss.  Of  course, 
expenses  were  increased  consequent  upon  it,  but  the  efEect  of 
the  care  and  economy  with  which  their  engineer  ran  their 
stations  had  been  that  he  was  able  to  put  before  them  a 
statement   of  accounts   which    he   considered    exceedingly   satis- 


factory. No  alterations  in  the  nhare  or  del>entnr«  utock  ba/l  been 
made  during  the  year.  They  only  spent  ii:;o,000  on  capital 
account,  an'l  part  of  this  won  in  the  purchone  of  fr<:<rholdii,  and 
part  in  the  erection  of  an  oil  fuel  tank  at  the  Bow  ntatiun  in  order 
to  provide  n^'uinst  omtrgencicM  in  ca«c  of  further  coal  »trikfi<  or 
Tuture  difliculties  in  maintaining  their  fuel.  There  was  no 
need  to  trouble  them  with  the  details  of  thu  revenue  account 
bccauHe  Ihi^  corresponding  ligunn  of  last  y.-ar  were  net  out  In  thi- 
accounts,  and  further  the  ligurcs  showeil  little  variation.  The  only 
real  dill'erenco  was  that  in  the  West  End  stations  they  had 
generated  rather  more  electricity,  and  the  ronults  as  a  whole  were 
sotisfactory.  From  the  Went  End  undertaking  in  1911  for  an 
expenditure  of  £(19,0iJO,  they  brought  in  on  account  of  (ales 
£135,8()2.  For  the  year  1912,  with  an  expenditure  of  £6«,0fJO,  they 
brought  in  sales  to  the  extent  of  £1 1  l,;»8'.t,  or  between  iK.fHK,*  and 
£7,000  more,  and  this  showed  the  result  of  the  economic*.  To  get  the 
gross  figures  they  had  to  bring  in  the  meter  rentals  and  other 
small  receiptc,  which  brought  their  total  receipts  for  I!tl2  up  to 
£H(;,(i7.';,  as  against  £UO,UOO  for  1911.  These  figures  gave 
them  the  sum  of  -t7'.),8K'j  to  deal  with,  or  with  the£15,9l',>  brought 
forward,  a  sum  of  £97,883.  Out  of  this  they  had  paid  the  debenture 
interest,  amounting  to  £17,829,  and  provided  £1.5,000  for  deprecia- 
tion, which  was  somewhat  in  excess  of  what  they  had  been  accus- 
tomed to.  They  had  also  placed  £'.),0.')1  to  the  general  income 
reserve  account.  They  had  opened  this  account  because  they  did 
not  think  it  right  to  carry  forward  a  very  large  figure,  and  because 
it  would  be  well  to  set  up  an  intermediate  account  on  which  they 
could  draw  for  different  purposes,  and  they  proposed  to  add  to  that 
from  year  to  year.  This  left  £.0(),00O  fftr  division,  out  of  which 
they  had  paid  the  preference  dividend,  amounting  to  £18,000,  and 
recommended  a  dividend  of  ."5  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares, 
which  would  absorb  £20,000,  and  leave  £18,000  to  be  carried 
forward.  Some  might  think  with  such  a  satisfactory  state 
of  affairs  they  might  have  been  tempted  to  declare  a  higher 
dividend,  but  after  careful  consideration,  the  beard  felt 
it  would  be  better  to  increase  the  reserve  funds.  It  would 
be  remembered  that  last  year  they  had  to  make  a  very  large  inroad 
into  tho3e  funds,  and  had  to  write  off  practically  the  whole  of  the 
value  of  the  Lambeth  station,  and  the  effect  was  to  decrease  their 
depreciation  funds  until  they  did  not  stand  at  a  very  high  figure. 
Consequently  they  thought  it  wiser  to  have  respect  to  the  deprecia- 
tion fund  first  and  consider  the  dividend  afterwards.  The  business 
had  increased,  but  not  by  a  very  large  extent.  In  the  West  End 
undertaking  the  increase  had  only  been  57  per  cent.,  or  686,000 
lamps  in  1912,  against  049,000  lamps  in  1911.  They  could  not  expect 
in  these  West  End  districts  to  increase  with  the  same  rapid  strides 
as  at  first,  but  in  the  current  year  they  did  hope  for  a  somewhat 
larger  increase  consequent  upon  the  lact  that  the  property  in  and 
around  Kingsway,  which  had  been  lying  unoccupied  for  so  many 
years,  was  now  apparentlybeginningtobe  dealt  with.  Thedemandfor 
energy  for  heating  and  power  was  increasing  in  the  West  End,  and 
no  less  than  3-1  per  cent,  of  their  whole  load  was  used  for  these 
purposes,  which  necessarily  brought  down  the  average  price  for  the 
units  sold.  Last  year  they  sold  G'l  per  cent,  more  current  than  in 
the  previous  year.  He  was  glad  to  eay  that  in  the  present 
year  the  loss  on  transmission  was  smaller  than  for  some 
time  past.  In  1910  it  was  28  per  cent.,  in  1911  26  per  cent.,  and  in 
1912  23'9  per  cent,  which  was  a  benefit  of  2  per  cent.  With 
regard  to  the  City  undertaking,  they  had  not  made  a  high  rate  of 
progress,  but  it  was  satisfactory.  They  had  spent  £21.000  on 
capital  account,  principally  in  the  purchase  of  turbines  for  the 
Bow  station.  For  1911  the  total  expenditure  was  £84,356  and  in 
1912  £84,958,  an  increase  of  only  £600  ;  but  the  expenditure  in 
1912  produced  £147,198,  as  against  £144,299  in  1911.  Therefore, 
with  a  slight  increase  of  £600  in  the  expenditure  they  had  earned 
some  £3,000  more.  Bringing  in  meter  rentals,  &c.,  the  total  was 
£148,513,  against  £145,671,  and  bringing  in  the  carry  forward 
from  the  previous  year,  they  had  £99,712  to  deal  with.  They  had 
paid  the  debenture  and  loan  interest,  amounting  to  £30,891.  which 
left  £68,820.  The  preference  dividend  took  £18,000,  and  they  had 
opened  a  general  reserve  fund  on  the  City  undertaking,  to  which  they 
had  put  £32,820  17s.  lOd.,  leaving  to  carryforward  to  revenue  account 
£18,000,  which  was  the  amount  of  the  preference  dividend  for  the 
coming  year.  This  result  was  exceedingly  satisfactory  in  view  of 
the  fact  that  they  were  working  against  the  coal  strike  for  a  con- 
siderable part  of  the  year.  The  coal  cost  per  unit  in  1911  was 
■270d,,  and  in  1912  it  increased  to  ■273d.,  being  an  increase  of  1  per 
cent,  on  the  whole  cost  to  them  of  the  coal  they  bought.  But  the 
price  of  coal  during  that  period  had  increased  by  13  per  cent. 
Fortunately,  owing  to  the  economies  practised  by  their  engineer, 
the  coal  burnt  per  kilowatt,  which  in  1911  amounted  to  4'7  lb.,  in 
1912  only  amounted  to  4'2  lb.,  or  a  decrease  of  11  percent.  As 
usual,  the  auditors  pointed  out  that  there  was  no  depreciation  fund 
for  the  City,  but,  as  he  had  before  pointed  out,  the  form  of  their 
provisional  order  was  such  that  they  did  not  consider  it  right  or 
advisable  to  absolutely  set  up  such  a  fund,  but  they  had  set  up  a 
reserve  fund  to  which  he  had  referred,  and  they  proposed  to  add  to 
that  fund  in  the  future.  The  demand  in  the  City  had  increased  by 
4  2  per  cent,,  but  the  load  in  the  City  was  now  over  50  per  cent, 
for  heating  and  power,  and  under  50  per  cent,  for  lighting 
which  brought  down  the  price.  The  losses  on  distribution  were 
not  so  satisfactory  in  the  City  as  last  year,  but  the  engineer  pointed 
out  that  the  reason  was  that  last  year,  when  their  losses  were  only 
26'2,  there  was  an  abnormal  figure  as  regarded  losses  through  their 
meters.  That  figure  last  year  the  engineer  admitt«d  he  did  not 
understand.  It  was  2  per  cent,  less  than  he  expected  it  to  be.  This 
year  the  losses  on  distribution  were  287  per  cent,  instead  of 
26  2  per  cent.  He  looked  on  the  whole  position  of  the  company  as 
being  exceedingly  satisfactory.  The  whole  of  their  plant  was  now 
modem,  and  was,  he  believed,  to-day  worth  every  shilling  they  had 


402 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi-  72.   No.  i,84i,  march  7,  19I3. 


aspeuded  on  it.  So  far  as  they  could  see,  there  would  not  be  any 
large  capital  expenditure  in  the  future,  and  they  hoped  to  be  able 
to  meet  such  expenditure  out  of  the  reserves  they  were  creating 
each  Tear.  Happily,  they  had  not  now  to  spend  laree  sums  as  in  years 
past  in  fightinp  rivals.  The  London  County  Council  had  appointed 
a  Committee,  which  sat  last  year,  with  a  view  to  considering 
what  course  they  would  take  with  regard  to  the  electric  lighting: 
undertakings,  and  he  had  reason  to  believe  that  the  Committee  would 
be  reconstituted.  Whether  the  Committee  would  take  any  steps 
which  would  imperil  their  position  he  did  not  know,  but,  speaking 
for  himself,  he  looked  forward  without  the  slightest  fear  to  the 
future  so  far  as  that  company  was  concerned.  They  were  actually 
supplying  20,000  H.i".  for  machinery,  which  showed  that  whatever 
might  be  said  as  to  the  want  of  cheap  electricity,  it  was  not  a 
charge  which  could  be  sustained  against  them.  In  conclusion,  the 
chairman  invited  the  shareholders  to  assist  the  company  by  pushing 
the  merits  of  electrical  appliances,  and  said  he  could  not  sit  down 
without  expressing  the  appreciation  of  the  board  to  their  officers 
and  staff  for  the  zealous  help  they  had  given  in  the  past  year. 

Mk.  J.  M.  Gatti  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted  without  discussion. 

The  retiring  directors  were  re-alected,  and  a  hearty  vote  of  thanks 
was  accorded  to  the  board  and  staff. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Taesda;  Evening, 

The  expectation  that  Turkey  would  make  peace  through  the 
mediation  of  the  Great  Powers  was^  useful  factor  in  strengthening 
markets  throughout  the  Stock  Exchange.  The  chief  reason  for 
the  relief  felt  at  this  prospect  lies  less  in  the  anticipation  of 
hostilities  ceasing  than  in  that  of  money  becoming  easier 
immediately  the  war  has  spent  itself.  The  money  which  has  been 
hoarded  up  during  the  Balkans  affair  will,  it  is  supposed,  be 
released,  and  on  the  hope  of  this  there  was  a  general  recovery 
throughout  the  House. 

The  Home  Railway  market,  however,  provided  the  damper  for 
the  spirits  of  the  bulls.  This  week's  meetings  of  railway-men 
were  not  encouraging  to  the  confidence  of  those  who  had  looked 
forward  to  a  strike  being  averted,  and  up  to  the  time  of  writing  on 
Tuesday  evening,  the  possibility  of  a  struggle  is  certainly  present. 
This  has  had  a  depressing  effect  upon  prices,  which  jufct  before  had 
started  to  recover,  on  the  'theory  that  the  March  figures  would  lock 
bumper  ones  in  comparison  with  those  of  the  corresponding  period 
last  year,  during  which  the  coal  strike  was  in  full  blast.  It  looks 
now  as  though  strike  figures  might  compare  with  strike  figures, 
although,  80  far,  it  must  be  admitted  that  hopes  of  a  possible 
solution  of  the  difificulties  are  far  from  dead. 

Metropolitans  have  been  up  to  53i,  but  dropped  to  .'51  j, 
leaving  off  with  a  net  fall  of  1  on  the  week.  Districts, 
in  which  there  has  been  a  sharp  rise,  reacted  to  38?,  at 
which  they  still  show  an  improvement,  while  the  Under- 
ground Electric  Railways  group  is  firm.  The  speech  of  Sir 
Edgar  Speyer  at  the  meeting  of  the  Underground  Company  last 
week  infused  fresh  courage  into  the  minds  of  holders,  who  had 
been  rather  disappointed  with  the  character  of  the  company's 
report,  for  Sir  Edgar  hinted  at  the  prospect  of  a  dividend  being 
ne»rer  than  might  have  been  supposed  frciii  the  report  itself.  The 
t;  per  cent.  Income  bonds  at  94,  p.r  £3  coupon,  show  a  rise  of  2— in 
their  case  the  coupon  is  paid  without  deduction  of  income-tax.  The 
£10  shares  rose  J,  but  lost  it  again,  and  the  "  A "' are  somewhat 
weaker  than  might  appear  from  the  official  quotation. 

Central  London  Ordinary  and  Deferred  have  come  into  some 
prominence  on  the  exinsideration  that  the  stocks  are  cheap  at  the 
present  yields.  The  dividend  is  guaranteed  at  4  per  cent,  in  the 
case  of  the  Central  London  trio,  and,  accordingly,  is  so  worked  out 
in  our  lists  overleaf.  City  and  South  London  Preferences  have 
again  fallen  sharply,  the  1903  isfcue  being  down  to  itr^,  at  which 
the  yield  is  £.">  2s.  per  cent,  on  the  money,  this  being  about  the 
highest  return  obtainable  from  sound  stock  in  the  railway 
preference  division.  London  United  Trams  have  not  recovered 
from  their  last  week's  fall,  and  the  B^ish  Electric  Traction  sext«t 
remains  dull. 

The  list  of  English  Electricity  Supply  shares  is  once  more  a 
colourless  one.  Dividends  have  been  deducted  from  Westminster 
Ordinary,  St.  James's  Ordinary  and  Preference,  and  South  Metro- 
politan Preferencp.  the  markings  being  reflected  in  the  prices.  City 
L'ghts  fell  }  on  the  issue  of  the  report,  got  d  though  it  is.  The 
County  of  Loudon  report  makes  a  very  favourable  showing,  while 
that  from  the  Chelsea  Company  is  very  like  its  predecessor  of  a  year 
ago,  the  net  result  being  almost  the  tame  in  each  case.  The 
reports  which  have  been  published  so  far  make  a  satisfactory 
appearance  on  the  whole,  but  they  are  not  sufficiently  exciting  to 
prove  of  themselves  strong  enough  magnets  to  arrest  the  attention 
of  the  ordinary  investor,  who  retains  a  lively  recollection  of  the 
fact  that  within  some  vague  number  of  years  the  companies  will 
be  taken  over.  He  is  not  aware  that  it  is  to  1931  that  most  of  the 
concessions  run,  but  I  be  mere  fact  of  their  having  a  term  at  all  is 
his  gronnd  for  letting  the  market  alone. 

The  re(x>very  in  Mexican  issues  has  made  further  progress  this 
week.  The  main  change  is  a  rise  of  4  points  in  Mexico  Trams 
Common,  but  Mexican  Light  and  Power  Common  gained  3.  and  the 
First  Gold  bonds  advanced  2.  Montereys  provided  the  exception, 
with  a  fall  of  a  point  to  83j.  The  news  from  the  country  is  read 
as  showing  that  there  is  a  strong  man  in  power,  who,  if  he  can 


avoid  assassination  and  similar  little  excursions  inseparable  from 
the  life  of  a  president  in  Mexico,  may  be  able  to  restore  order  with 
n  firm  hand. 

Other  stocks  and  shares  in  this  department  are  steady.  Montreals 
shed  3  points,  but  Shawinigans  rose  this  amount,  the  bonds  putting 
on  S.  Brazilian  Traction  Ordinary,  at  101,  are  3  points  higher,  and 
one  or  two  of  the  British  Columbia  emissions  have  small  rises  to 
their  credit.  La  Platas  are  a  little  easier,  and  Victoria  Falls 
Preference,  at  /;,  have  gone  back  another  ^  per  share.  The  Anglo- 
Argentine  group  is  steady,  and  City  of  Buenos  Ayres  Trams 
recovered  part  of  their  dividend  deduction. 

The  Telegraph  market  shows  a  series  of  small  rises,  which  has 
included  the  pre-ordinary  stocks  as  well  as  the  junior  securities. 
The  improvements  are  noticeable  iu  the  Anglo-Amerie^n  group  and 
in  the  Eastern  section.  West  India  and  Panamas  are  a  little  better 
on  relaxation  of  the  monetary  tension,  the  price  regaining  2s.  6d. 
of  its  fall.  Globe  shares,  both  Ordinary  and  Preference,  are  J  up  : 
but  Mackay  Common  fell  back  to  84 J.  It  may  be  noticed  that 
Reuters  new  shares  have  been  added  to  our  list  of  Telegraph  and 
Telephone  prices.  The  market  now  is  largely  in  these  new  shares, 
which  stand  a  trifle  under  their  seniors,  the  discrepancy  being 
accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  up  to  June  30th  they  carry  a  little 
less  dividend  than  the  others. 

Business  in  National  Telephone  Deferred  stock  has  come  to  some- 
thing like  a  stop,  now  that  the  Company's  books  are  finally  closed. 
Nobody  can  tell  how  long  it  will  be  before  the  final  settlement  of 
the  transfer  will  take  place.  Some  fix  it  as  six  months,  but  the 
estimates  are  little  better  than  guesswork.  Marconi's  fell  back  to 
4.',  and  the  subsidiary  companies'  shares  are  mostly  a,  trifle  lower, 
the  market,  for  some  reason  or  other,  being  a  bad  one  at  present.  It 
is  said  that  a  new  is-ue  mpy  be  made  by  the  Cuban  Telephone 
Company. 

In  the  Manufacturing  division,  General  Electric  Preference  are 
nominally  a  little  better,  while  Edison  &  Swan  partly-paid  shares 
have  moved  up  to  .")s.  middle,  following  their  last  we(  ks  rise  of  j\, 
with  another  of  equal  amount.  British  Westinghouse  Preference 
are  somewhat  easier.  The  Rubber  share  market  is  weak,  with  the 
price  of  the  raw  material  gradually  dwindling.  Its  decline  to 
3s.  lO^d.  per  lb.  has  given  rise  to  uneasy  sentiments  in  the  minds  of 
some  of  the  rubber  share  holders,  although  there  is  no  pressure  to 
sell  good  shares. 


ELECTRIC    TRAMWAY    AND    RAILWAY 
TRAFFIC    RETURNS. 


Month 

Receipts  for 

No. 

• 

Route 

Locality. 

ended 

the 

of 

Total  to  date. 

mileH 

(4  wks.i 

month. 

wks. 

open. 

£ 

.* 

£ 

£* 

Inc. 

Bath 

Feb.  26 

2.GG9 

-1-      27 

9 

C.289 

+      230 

Blackpool-Fleetw'd 
Bristol 

Mar.   1 

1,124 

f      G5 

9 

2,300 

-        6 

8 

Feb.  28 

26,490 

4  ?,466 

9 

£6,702 

4    4,523 

30-5 

;Brit.Elec.Tiac.Co. 

.,    21 

t8,807 

+  5,;!58 

8 

154,968 

+  9,408      .. 

Chatham  and  Dist. 

„    20 

3,175 

+    259 

7 

f,B84 

+      268    14-98 

'  [ 

Cork 

.,    27 

l,67f< 

+        7 

8 

.S,C5G   —       90 

b-89 

Dublin 

„    28 

81,105 

+  eso 

8 

45,766    +   1,663 

54-25 

Hastings 

,.    27 

2,744* 

-      18 

+        t8 

19-3 

Lancashire  United 

..    26 

5,262 

+    404 

8 

10,768 

+      786 

39 

Llandudno-Col.  Bay 

„    28 

612 

+      88 

18 

1 ,934 

+      170 

6-5 

London  United 

Mar.    1 

20,661 

—   785 

9 

47,812 

-       81 

Tyncside      . .        . . 

Feb.  S6 

1,898 

+    2« 

9 

3,607 

+      118 

ii 

Anglo-Argentine   . . 

*  25 

218,565 

4  15,614 

8 

4."}7,7;5 

4  35,910 

Auckland 

Jan.  17 

21,653 

-l-l,8h3 

29 

1^9,412 

4  20,118 

24) 

•8 

Bombay  (B.E.T.)  .. 

.,    30 

12,64:) 

+     198 

e 

13,561 

+      192 

Brisbane 

Dec. 

25,890 

1  l,i:OD 

62 

254,911 

+  2,211 

Brit.  Columbia  Rly. 

Calcutta 

Mar.    1 

16,717 

+  '8t7 

+      449 

Cape  lOlcctric  T.  Ld. 

KalKOorlie,  W.A.  .. 

Jan. 

2,734 

4 

2,7£4 

ad-6 

Lisbon 

Madras 

Veb.  28 

8,163 

4-    188 

8 

P,706 

+  .5,451 

14-7 

'a 

.Montevideo 

Jan. 

88,C61 

+  8,010 

13 

102,161 

4  11,365 

Cen.  Ijondon  Rly. 

Mar.    1 

2„5'5 

4  1,421 

9 

49,5rs 

♦    3,660 

6-78 

■4 

City  &  S.  Lon.  Rly. 

■■     1 

12,058 

-1,397 

9 

27,610 

-  3,0t6 

7-26 

IDublui-Lucan  Rly. 

Feb.  28 

:m 

4-      27 

9 

941 

+        16 

7 

G.N.  and  Citv  Rlv. 

Mar.    1 

6,174 

-    769 

9 

14,(03 

—  1,722 

8-6 

L'pool  Ovcrh'd  Rly. 

..     2 

6,235 

4-    :i6a 

9 

14,323 

+   1,001 

66 

London  Elcc.  Ry.  Co. 

>.     1 

67,860 

-1,1P5 

9 

lltt.KK) 

—  1,5  0 

31-25 

Mersey  Railway     . . 

„     1 

9,070 

4-    428 

9 

20,1:89 

+  1,081 

-4-6 

Metro'politan  Rlv. 

„      2 

64,66:i 

4-    387 

9 

148,7f7 

-  1,946 

26-75 

Met.  District  Rly. 

.,      1 

f>2,389 

+  ',148 

9 

119,312 

+  4,493 

25       .. 

*  Compared  with  the  corresponding  period  of  1912. 

I  Three  weeks  only. 

:  Includes  horse,  steam  and  other  receipts. 


lUe  Bradford  Strike.— A  Dradford  correspondent 
writes: — "The  strike  of  Bradford  electricians  still  continues, 
although  this  is  the  end  of  the  twentieth  week  of  the  strike,  and 
there  is  no  immediate  prospect  of  a  settlement.  Most  of  the  con- 
tractors in  the  city  have  got  staffs  of  non-union  men  working,  and 
a  lot  of  the  strikers  have  been  driven  to  take  up  other  jobs,  so  that 
there  is  little  likelihood  of  any  further  nfgotiations  between  the 
masters  and  men.  There  is  an  impression  that  the  men  were  very 
ill  advised  by  their  leaders  at  the  commencement  of  the  trouble, 
and  the  Trade  Union  organiser  left  the  district  some  time  ago." 


Vol.  1'2.     Nil.  I, SI  I,  MAiini   7,  liti:). 


TirF.    FJjECTRTCATi    RRVTEW. 


'10: 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELEOTRIOAL     OOMPANIE8 


ENGLISH    ELECTBICITY    SUPPLY    AND   POWEK    C'OMl'ANIES. 


Bonrneinoath  A  Poole,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    4J%Prof 

Do.    Booond  8  %  PreJ. 

Do.    4i  %  Dob.  Btook.. 
Brompton  &.  Konnlngton,  Ord... 

Do.    7%  Cum.  Fret 

Oentral  Elootrlo  Bopply,  <  %) 

Qnar.  Deb.  J 

Cbkrlng  OroBB,  West  End  &  City 

Do.    4i  %  Gum.  PreJ 

Do.     "  City     Undertaking " 
4i  %  0am.  Pref. 

Do.  Do.  4%  Deb 

Cbelaea,  Ord.         

Do,    4i%Deb 

City  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Prel 

Do.    6%  Dob 

Do.    4i  %  Seoond  Deb, 
Oonnty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Prof 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Do.    4}  %  Second  Deb. 
Edmandson's,  Ord. 

Do.    B%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6%  NonCum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    4i  %  Flret  Mori.  Deb,  . . 
Folkestone 

Do.    5%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4i%  First  Deb 

Hove 


DlTldmdt 
tot 


Eenslnglon  A  Rnlgblsbrldge,  Ord 

Do.    4  %  Dob 

Kent  Eleo.  Power,  4t%  Deb.  .. 
rd 


London  Eleotrlo,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    4  %  First  Mori.  Deb,    . . 
Metropolllan         

Do.    4i  %  Cam.  Pref 

Do,    4{  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . . 

Do.    8l%  Mort.  Dob 

Midland   Eleotrlo  Corporation  | 
*i  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  j 
Newoastle-on-Tyne  6  %  Pref., 
Non-Cam.  j 
North  Metropolitan  Power  Bop- 
ply, E  %  Mortgages  (Rei.)  j 
Netting    Hill,    6  %  Non-Cam.  1 
Pref.  J 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Pall  Hall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    8*%  Deb 

Smltbaeld  Markets,  Ord, 
Soatb  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    . . 
South  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref. . . 

Do.    43  %  First  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do,    4i  %  First  Mort.  Deb. . . 
Westminster,  Ord, 

Do.    4i%  0am.  Pref 


Stock 

Block 

8 

6 

'  Block 

5 

S 

Block 

Stock 


6 
6 

100 
S 
4 

100 
1 

100 

£8 
5 

100 
6 
6 


taolai 
Mar. 


1i-  8i 
W  —  B8 
78  —  80 
I*-  3 
4J-  »i 
90  — SB 

Si-    4g 

»7  —100 

84  —  e« 

98  -101 
4»-    41 

99i-lD2i 


BlM   Prwnit 
■t-or     TUli 


4  1.  d. 

8  •  1 

4  «  0 

8  11  8 

8  15  0 

6  14  8 

4  6  0 

8  U  0 

4  17  4 

4  10  0 

4  1  6 

4  9  1 


8  9 

«  17 
8  11 


6  8  1 
6  0  0 
S  14  10 
4  11  a 


8  9  10 
6  II  1 
4  5  9 


COLONIAL   AND   FOBEION   ELECTBICITY   SUPPLY   kSH   POWEB. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pref 

Oalcntta,  Ord 

Do,    B%Pref 

Calgary  Power,  1st  Mort,  Bds. 
Canadian  Qen.  El,  Com. 

Do.    7  %  Pref • 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and  T.,  Ord. 

Do.    B%Deb 

Eleo,  Lt.  and  P.  of  Ooohabamba, ) 

S  %  Bonds  f 

Eleo.  Supply  Vlotoua,  6  %  Ist  1 

Mort.  Deb.  J 

Eleo.  Dot.  Ontario,  6   %   1st) 

Mort.  Bonds  f 

Ealgoorlle  Eleo.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Kaminlstiquia  Power,  6%  Q.  Bs, 

Madras,  Ord.  

Melbourne,  5  %  1st  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt,,  6  %  let  M.  Bds, 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do.    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    B  %  Ist  Mort.  Sold  Bds, 


6 

R 

8 

6 

8* 

7t 

B 

6 

100 

6 

$100 

7 

$100 

7 

1 

H 

.5 

100 

5 

5 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

B 

$600 

5 

6 

10/- 

Nil 

1 

« 

6 

$600 

6 

B 

6 

Nil 

100 

5 

IS 

B 

B 

$100 

4 

i\ 

$100 

7 

1 

6 

6 

6  —     Blxd 
eg-    7l 
4J—    E|xd 

92  —  94 
115  -119 
120  —124 

P-  ^« 
96  —  99' 

93  —  95 


loii-ioss 

li-   i| 

101  -104 
83-86 
81-83 

101  —105 
94^-  96J 


17    8 
13    0 


1     0 
6    4 


6 
6    6 

5    7 

5  5 
Nil 

9  16 
4  16 

4  ie 

6  16 
4  16 


Monterey  BIy.  Light  &  Power, ) 

6  %  iBt  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Montreal,  Lt,,  H,  and  Power  . . 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal, ) 

6  %  iBt  Mort.  Bonds ) 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  NonCnm.  Prel.     . . 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Roy.  Elec.  Co.,  Montreal,  4}  %  I 

iBt  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Bhawlnigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    B  %  Con.  iBt  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    4*  %  Per,  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  4i  %  Deb. 
Vera  Cruz  Lt„  P.  and  T.,  B  %  1 
Ist  Mort.  DeD.  / 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Prel. 
West  Eootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 
iBtMort.  6%Qold; 


100 

6 

E 

$100 

8 

9t 

$600 

6 

6a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

6 

6 

Do. 

6 

B 

100 

4 

44 

$100 

6 

6 

$600 

B 

B 

Btook 
Do. 

t 

t 

100 

5 

B 

1 

Hid. 

nid. 

100 

6 

6 

82-86 

-1 

230  —285 

-3 

10  —  20 

217  —227 

104  —109 

100  -102 

100  —102 

141  -145 

-•3 

106i-108J 

+   h 

101-103 

+  4 

98*— lOOJ 

91  —  94 

\i-    hi 

-A 

105  -107  xd 

■(■  2 

6  17    8 
8  16    7 


4  12 
4    7 


TELEGBAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amazon  Telegraph         .. 

Do.    B%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep,  &  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do,    Collat,  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  •  Portuguese   Tel.,  6  % ) 
Mort.  Deb. ) 

Chili  Telephone 

Oommercial  Cable,  Stlg.  4%  Deb. 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do.     10%  Pref 

Direct  SpaniBh  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.    10%  Cum.  Prel 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  4i  %) 
Reg.  Deb.  J 
Eastern  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stook 

Do.    Bi%  Pref.  Stock.. 

Do,    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Bastern  Extension 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  S.  Africa  Tel.  4  %) 
Mt,  Db.  Mauritius  Sub.  J 
Globe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Qreat  Northern  Telegraph       , . 
IndoEaropean  Telegraph 
Mackay  CompanieB  Common  .. 

Do,    4%  Cum,  Pref 

Maroonl'B  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do,    1  %  Com.  Partlo.  Pref, 


10 

4 

«t 

stock 

B 

6 

$100 

3 

Bt 

$1000 

4 

4 

Btook 

H 

8 

Do. 

A 

H 

Do. 

80/- 

100 

6 

6 

6 

7 

fl 

Stock 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6+ 

10 

10 

10 

B 

4 

4t 

B 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

100 

4i 

44 

Stook 

7 

7+ 

Do. 

84 

B4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7t 

Stook 

4 

4 

96 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

8 

H 

10 

18 

18 

96 

13 

6+ 

100 

6 

6 

$100 

4 

4 

I 

20 

1 

17 

-  % 

-  99 
-1374 

-  93 

-  674 
—112 

-  24U 


6    0    0 

-4 

S    1    0 

-H 

6  16    5 

4    6    0 

—  \ 

4    9    0 

+  4 

6     7    2 

+  t's 

6    1    7 

.. 

4  18    6 

5    17 

4  18    9 

6    9    9 

6  17    8 

6    6    8 

7    8    2 

6  15    7  ! 

4    9    0 

-1-  1 

6    2    2 

+  4 

4    6  11 

4    1    8 

+  4 

6    3    8 

-  4 

4    2    6 

8  19    8 

+  \ 

6    7  10 

+  4 

4  19     4 

6  14    3 

+  4 

6    9    8 

-1 

5  16    3 

5  14    4 

-4 

4  la  10 

-4 

4  10    8 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord. . . 

Do.    5%Prel 

New  7ork  Telep., 44%  Qen.  Bnds. 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo. 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4  %  Red.  Deb 

Paolflo  and  European  Tel.,  4  %  1 

Qoai,  Debs.  / 

Renter's       

Do.    New  Shares 
Submarine  Canies  Trast 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  % ) 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  DebB.,  I  to  1,6001 

goar.  by  Braz.  Bub.  Tel.  / 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg, 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  1st  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  and  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  DebB 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  union  44  % '^^t-  Bonds 


1 

8 

6t 

1 

6 

6 

100 

«4 

44 

1 

8 

6t 

1 

A 

6 

Stook 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

lot 

10 

Cert. 

6 

6 

Stook 

4 

44 

E 

8 

5 

E 

6 

94 

34 

100 

4 

4 

10 
10 

g* 

'r 

10 

6 

A 

100 

6 

B 

10 

7 

7t 

Stock 

4 

4 

$1000 

4 

4 

^-lA. 


97J-  994 
Ui—  llj 

la^*— 186' 

95  —  97 
7^-  7g 
li-    14 

96-98 

34-  B| 
10  —  10* 

94—  10 
101  -103 
134-  18^ 
95  —  97 
974-1004 


-i 


+  A 


+  4 


6  18    0 
6  14    8 
4  10  11 
4    9  10 
4  18    6 
4    8  11 

4    0 

5 

8  10 

9 

4  19 

4 

4  19 

9 

6    4  11 
4    8  IT 
4    3    4 

4    1 

8 

6i4 

6    0 
4  17 

6    2 
4    2 
4  10 

3 
0 

1 
9 
6 
0 

"Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants.  f  Interim  Dividend.  t  8s.  in  Funded  Dividend  CerM. 


CONTINUEDION    NEXT    PAGE. 


404 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  72.  no.  i,84i,  maboh  7, 1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OP    ELECTRICAL    COMPANIES.-(f<.«/;,«rrf) 

ELECTBIC   RAILWAYS   AJTD   TBAHW ATS.— HOME. 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Bath  Tnms.  Pret.  Ord 

Do.    6%Pref 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Brit.  Elec.  Tr»c.,  6  %  Pref,     .. 

Do,        Do,  Deferred 

Do,  6%Cani.Pr'f. 

7%Non-Cum.  Pr'I. 

ei.Perp.  Deb,      ,. 

*i  %  and  Deb, 

C3ntral  London  Railwky,  Ord. 

Do,    Pref,  

Do.    Def 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Cit;  A  B,  London,  G%  Pref.,  1691 

Do.         Do.         1896    .. 

Do,         Do.         1901     .. 

Do,         Do,         1908    .. 

Do,    4  %  Deb 

Dublin  UnUed  Trams,  6  %  Pref, 
Qreat  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Eastings  Tnuns,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Ble  of  Thanet  Trams,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Elec.  Railw'y8,4%  Deb. 
London  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 


DtTtaends 
foi 


100 
100 
100 
ICO 

too 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
10 


100 
100 
100 
10 
100 


Oiaeliig 
Qnotetions 
Mar.  4tb. 


76  —  81 
lOi-  134 

4i-  64 
854-  884 
85'—  38 
91-95 

77  —  81 
79  -  81 
B.S  —  85 
79  —  81 

98  —100 

99  —102 
99  —102 
97  -100 


95 


98 


97  —  99 
119-  12; 

n-  2| 

eJ"—  74 
2i-  26 
76  —  80 
7S  -  80 
94  —  96 
4j—  5 
68  —  71 


BiM 

+  or 
Fall 


Freeenl 
Yield 
p,c. 


6  IS    7 


. 

S    7    2 

-1 

:4  18    9 

;4  14   2 

:4  18    9 

4    0    0 

-1 

4  18    0 

-1 

4  18    0 

-1 

6    0    0 

-8 

5    2    0 

4    0  10 

4  18    0 

Kil 

7    7    8 

6    1    7 

4  15    8 

6    0    0 

6    5    0 

4    8    4 

6  12    8 

Metropolitan  Railway  Ooneol, .. 

Do,    Sorplas  Lands    . . 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Do.    84%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Con,  Pref 

Metropolitan  District  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Do,    4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

Do.    44%  First  Pref 

Do.     84%Gtd :. 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    44%  Deb.  .,     .  .. 

Do.    6%Deb 

Ponerles,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Bonth  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Dndergroand     Eleo.    Ballwaya 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cam.  Inc.  Deb. 

Do.    44  %  Bonds 

Do,    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Biding),  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 


DlTldends 
(or 


Oloalng 
Qnotatlona 
Mar.  4t'fi. 


61 4—  62 
61  —  6S 

84  —  Hi 
82  —  84 
81  —  88 

185  -187 

93  —  96 
98  —100 

85  —  87 
75  —  77 

SS-     1,^ 

ii—   Si 
8J  —  95 

94  —  97 

86  —  88 

H-    « 

65  —  70 

42-  a 

k-     H 

no  -112  xd 
98  -lOJ 
93  —  94  xd 

80  —  84 


Blie 
+  or 
Fan 


ELECTRICAL   RAILWAYS   AIO)   TRAMWAYS.— COLONIAL   AKD   FOREIGN. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  Ist  Pref.     .. 

Do.    Snd  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Deb 

Do,    5%  Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb, 
Bombay  Elec,  B.  &  Trams,  Pref, 

Do,    44%  Deb 

Do.     B  %  2nd  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  1 

Power  / 

Brisbane  Trams  Invt,,  Ord.     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B.  Columbia  Elec.  Bly.,  Def,    . . 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb.      . . 

Do.    44  %  Vancouver  Deb.    , , 

Do.    4}%  Con.  Deb 

Oalcotta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

City  Bnenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr.  *  Lt.,  6  %  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Bly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  .. 

Do.    6%  A  Deb 

Do.    6%BDeb 


6 
6 

^ 

l\ 

100 

4 

4 

100 

^ 

«4 

100 

6 

e 

100 

6 

6 

10 

6 

6 

100 

«* 

44 

100 

6 

B 

'$100 

6i 

E 

8 

8\ 

5 

6 

6 

100 

**! 

ih 

100 

a 

100 

6 

A 

100 

IS 

R 

40 
100 

8 

S 

100 

H 

4t 

6 

7 

6t 

6 

6 

R 

100 
1 

^ 

4 

5 

6 

Bt 

100 

5 

R 

100 

R 

R 

tiooo 

6 

R 

1 

Nil 

100 

5 

B 

100 

6 

8 

4J-     54 

5    7    4 

^I^J" 

-h 

6  14    8 
4    5    1 

P84-1C04 

4    9    7 

98j— 1004 

4  19    6 

101  —103 

4  17    1     , 

11  —  12 

5    0    0, 

96  -  98 

4  11  10 

97  —  99 

5     10 

100  -102 

+  8 

! 

r  ^ 

B    5    0 
4  15    8 

100  -va 

4    7    5 

!.<»  -14.S 

5  12    0 

119  -123 

4  17    7    ! 

106  —109 

■  +i 

4  11    9 

100  -103 

4    7    6 

101  -103 

4    7    5 

97  -  99 

+  4 

4    5  10 

5J-    6i 

5  12    0 

«*-6A 

4  17    7 

97  —100 

4  10    0 

6-     3 

^^^-i^*^" 

4    8    0 

6    0    0 

93-97 

6    S    1 

99  —103 

4  17    1 

8^88* 

•• 

NU 
B  18    8 

2.'-.  —  ;i5 

La  Plata  EHeo.  Trms,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  . . 
Manaos  Trams  &  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Qen.  Con.  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6%  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys.  &  Lt.,  Ord.     . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W. A.)  Eleo.  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  1st.  Deb 

Bangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Sap.,  Pref, .. 

Do.    44%  1st  Deb 

Biode  Janeiro  Trams,  1st  Mort, ) 
6  %  Bonds  / 

Do,    B  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Panlo  Tram,   Lt.  and  P.  > 
6  %  Isl  Deb. ; 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Southern  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  B  %  Deb. 
Dn.  Eleo.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo,  Bly,,  4)  %  Deb. 


1 

Nil 

..   1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

6t 

1 

« 

6 

100 

B 

B 

100 

5 

B 

100 

B 

B 

tiooo 

6 

6 

tioo 

7 

7t 

5 

6 

100 

6 

6 

B 

10 

m 

B 

6 

6 

100 

B 

B 

1 

5 

6* 

100 

h 

R 

B 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

6 

B 

100 

5 

B 

(500 

6 

B 

100 

6 

B 

100 

6 

B 

B 

7 

6t 

B 

« 

« 

100 

6 

B 

100 

4i 

44 

4-    i 

+  ^ 

U-   18 

1-   li 

s-i  -  97 

101  -108 

87  —  90 

98  —100 

110  -113 

+  4 

91    -  95  xd 

+  H 

97A-1004 

-i, 

Til-    7! 

*l-  H 

99  -101 

isfii-  m 

105-108 

61-    5i 

97-99 

101  —103 

96-98 

108  —105 

-i 

86  —  90 

97  —  99 

,, 

SJ-    5| 

4-  4 

98  -101 

-1 

looi  -1034 

MAJTUFACTURINO  COMFANIESb 


Aron,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Babsook  &  WUooz 

Do.    Pref 

British  Altuninium,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    E  %  Prior  Lien  Debg.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  Stk 

B.I.  ft  Belsby  Cablea 

Do.     Pref.  I 

Do.    Deb.-. I 

Bnusb  Thomson. Houston,  Deb. 
Britifh  Weatingbouse,  Pref.    . .  ] 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien    . . 
Browett,  Llndley,  Ord.  . . 

Do.     Pref. 
Brush,  7  %  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Dab. 

Do.    44%  Dob   .. 

Do.    44%  Second  Deb. 
Callendet's  ral>le    . 

Do.    Fref, 

Do,    Ceb 

Uutner-Kellnei    ,.        .. 

Do,    Deb 


6 
100 

1 
100 


100 
100 

fi 


100 

100    L    6 

1    ' 

1 

a 
100 
100 


A 

6 

6 

28 

14t 

« 

6 

Nil 

6 

6 

5 

6 

10 

Ht 

8 

6 
4^ 

nA 

4 

Ni 

4 

4 

6 

6 

Nil 

Nil 

6 

6 

3 

a 

U 

10+ 

6 

e 

44 

44 

90 

20 

41 

41 

h-     5 

8    0    0    i 

^-  i| 

7    2    2 

4    0    0 

1  -  1 

4     0    0 

?  -    s 

91  -94 

6    6    6 

87  —  90 

6  11     1 

84-    ei 

5  15  11     1 

BJ-    6J 

4  16    G 

102  —104 

4    0    7 

94i-  fl6i 

4  13    6    ' 

5JCeP<' 

-rV 

Nil 

6  11    2 

100  -108 

S  16    6 

2/.  -8/. 

Nil 

4/6-*/- 

Nil 

0-      i 

NU 

78-  78 

6    8    2 

88  -  49xd 

10    9    4 

28-82 

14    1    4    1 

1)  -  111  • 

6    7    8 

4J-    64 

4  17    7    1 

91  —100 

4  10    0 

8«-   9H 

6    6    0    1 

108  —106 

4     4  11     1 

Crompton  ft  Co 

Do.    Deb 

Dick,  Eerr 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Edison  &  Swan,  A,  ti  paid 

Do.    fully  paid  .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Do.    6  %  Second  Deb. 
Electric  Constraotion    ,. 

Do.    Pref. 
Oreenwood  ft  Batley,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

Qeneral  Electric,  Pref.  . . 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do,    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Indla-Rubber,  G,  ft  T,    . . 

Do.    Pref 

Telegraph  Construction.. 

Do.    Deb 

Wlllans  ft  BoblnsoD 

Do.    Pref 

Do,    Deb 


8 

100 

1 

1 

100 

B 

6 

100 

100 

a 

9 
10 
100 
10 
100 
6 
6 
100 
10 
10 

la 

100 

1 

8 
100 


i-   I 

55  —  67 

95  —  98 
*-  i 
1  -  IJ 
61-65 
72  —  75 

'it  r 

92-94 
10  —  lOJ 
90—95 
13  -  13} 

101  —108 
10  -  11 
9i-10l 
86-88 
964—964 

^      t 
67  —  69 


■»A 


+  k 


Unless  otherwise  staled,  all  shares  are  tally  paid.       f  Interim  dividend.        :  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Electric  Bailways. 


Bank  rat«  •!  DItcount  6  D«r  c*nt..  Octobar  17th,  1912. 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,«41,  March  7,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


405 


EXPORTS    AND    IMPORTS    OP    ELECTRICAL    GOODS    DURING    JANUARY,    1913. 


TiiK  rrturiiH  of  cloctrical  buHincKs  during;  ilanimry,  which  wo  pub- 
lidh  hprewith,  nhow  a  conHidornblo  advance  over  the  li({ureH  for  the 
lant  month  of  1912. 

'J'he exports  reached  a  total  value  of  ii576,r)26,  oh  compared  with 
iiS10,700  in  Dccemlxir  last,  and  included  very  larfjfc  amounts  duo  to 
machinery  and  cnhlep,  the  former  reaohio);  over  £212,000  in  value, 
and  thn  latter  nearly  £111  000. 

The  imports  totalled  £2."i2,l<>7,  as  compared  with  i!2»l,r<54  in  the 
preceding-  month,  while  the  re-exports  amountod  to  £28,494,  aw 
compared  with  4; 24,867  in  December. 


The  exportH  from  thiH  country  Hhowed  a  tf<n»tral  improvcmirit  over 
those  of  the  preccdinif  month,  and  althoiiKb  they  includwl  £.'\,7\  '• 
worth  of  teloK'rnphic  material  an  nmoant  rather  alxjvtr  the 
uverai;e  the  remainini;  husinesH,  totalling  £4'.»4.'<i:>.  wa*  only  once 
exceeded  in  value  durint;  I'.ilL'.  lira/.il,  India.  .New  South  Walen 
and  Artrentina  were  our  best  cuMtomcrsdurini;  the  month,  the  former 
owinif  its  uniiHuallj'  jiruininont  p<jHition  to  a  tcleirrapbic  purchawj 
valued  at  £45,000.  Machinery  and  cable  imporUt  were  Vjoth  at  a 
considerably  hi^rher  level  than  in  December— the  imimrt*  total  of 
£252,167  compariaff  with  an  avera^^e  of  about  £217,000  i>er  mouth 
durinpr  1912. 


Regrlotered  Exports  of  British  and  Irisli  Electrical  floods  from  the  United  Kingdom. 


Doatlnation  of  exports  and  ooontry  ooneigning        ''1'°  5 
ImDorta.  ^  5- 


H 


•ob'B 


ge 


£ 

Russia,  Sweden,  Norway  and  Denmark      ...  1,743 

Germany           ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  2,.')72 

Netherlands,  Java  &  Dutch  Indies 833 

Belfrium            733 

France 1,194 

Portugal            282 

Spain,  Canary  Isles  and  Spanish  X.  Africa...  2,065 

Switzerland,  Italy  and  Austria-Hungary  ...  616 

Greece,  Roumania  and  Turkey          87 

Channel  Isles,  Gibraltar,  Malta  and  Cyprus.. .  62 

U.S.A.,  Philippines  and  Cuba           194 

Canada  and  Newfoundland 535 

British  West  Indies  and  British  Guiana     ...  118 

Mexico  and  Central  America            31 

Peru  and  Uruguay      481 

Chile     387 

Brazil    ... 1,367 

Argentina         3,3V6 

Colombia,  Venezuela,  Ecuador  and  Bolivia...  177 

Egypt,  Tunis  and  Morocco     473 

British  West  Africa [  2.")6 

Rhodesia,  O.R.C.  and  Transvaal       i  2,372 

Cape  of  Good  Hope .,         ...12,042 

Natal j  1,348 

Zanzibar,  Brit.  E.  Africa,  Mauritius  &  Aden  [  70 

Azores,  Madeira  and  Portuguese  Africa     ...  246 

China  and  Siam          j  2,575 

Japan  and  Korea        ...         ...         ...         ...  875 

India 3,727 

Ceylon 372 

Straits  Settlements,  Federated  Malay  States 

and  Sarawak            462 

Hong  Kong      786 


West  Australia  

South  Australia  

Victoria 

New  South  Wales       

Queensland       

Tasmania         

New  Zealand  and  Fiji  Islands 


561 

758 

2,818 

3,354 

469 

59 

772 

Total,  £ 

41,177 

£ 

400 

78 

2,254 

262 

141 

3,221 

32 

399 

341 

46 
3,158 

22 
132 
434 
903 

14,578 


236 

822 

6,183 

B,099 

6,255 

46; 

736 

3,685 

12,277 

2,613 

1,534 
440 

579 

6,144 

17,005 

18,999 

2,567 

2,680 


Hi 


■S-2 


■5  01 


s§ 


70 

63 

191 

409 

3,881 

16 

382 

55 

68 

24 


113,710 


708 

126 

66 

9 

331 

854 

1,863 

74 

429 
142 
177 
584 
550 
34 
197 

860 

308 

2,540 

36 

166 
579 

213 

147 

1,896 

1,310 

38 

6 

578 


£ 

184 
43 

117 
73 
61 


200 
44 


19,980 


914 
26 

16 

129 

321 

1,077 

273 

73 

37 
612 

928 

478 

108 

44 

1,716 

16 

2,213 

202 

9 
183 

228 
470 
844 
1,270 
261 

262 

13,431 


573 
31 

137 
13 


22 


106 


42 
219 


13 


28 
115 
326 


534 


207 
23 


329 
23 


26 


347 
1,080 


5 
75 
43 


£ 

8,090 

3,483 

1,541 

1,907 

U,86it 

782 

7,289 

3,621 

134 

4.59 

442 

23,305 

106 

207 

479 

.3,1.59 

8,747 


<  a  o 
■III 


■sc 

is 

£"3 


358   14,062 
1,832 


58 
36 
505 
313 
36 
36 


1,644 

807 

6,021 

11,625 

1,224 

679 

2,596 


1,984  2,762 

1,059  22, .582 

1,044  16,848 

126  518 


11 

528 


500 
176 

563 
733 
284 
735 
130 
320 
54 


2,189  ;ll,742 


1,778 
993 

3,007 
1,250 
.''),2fi9 
9,439 
2,170 
62 
13,350 

195,738 


£ 
668 

11 

2,673 

796 

572 
15 


31 
1,454 
2,872 


21 


£ 

127 
48 
11 
11 
40 

22 
61 

11 

233 

6,181 

11 

18 

68 

228 

359 

995 

105 

278 
15 
80 
4,864 
35 
14 
19 


lis'  eJi 

B.73  9>    »  u  ' 


£ 
24 


871 


10 


56 
227 


1,064 

1,273    54fi 

2,700   5,660 

860    64 


207 
29 

112 

66 

260 

2,023 


31 
289 

1,200 
36 

1,153 

79 

8b 

23 

219 

24,163 


£ 

50f 
84 
89 

1,338 
104 
130 
561 
24fi 

1,869 


221 
130 

4 

179 
7,954 
5,124 

70 

152 

03 

48 

7,784 

448 

61 


...  '    90 

150  .  333 

233  :  1,917 

716 

147   1,241 


1,589 
3,.526 
3,291 
7,406 
4,997 
249 
1,583 


1,896  54,101 


£  i 

7,31fi 

157 

488 

30fi 

385 

237 

762 

3,699 

38 

3,820 


£ 

19,651 
7,101 
.5,457 
8,144 

1H,0»I 
l.i;49 

15,20S 
;t,137 
2,817 
4,787 


..  ,   1,262 

828;  36,9.30 

50    .-.77 

..  '   344 

1,907 

5,303 

67,121 

647.  45.23.S 

2,531 


608 

350 

4.5,021 


567  3,S66 

441'  2,650 

20^  14,75.-. 

1,118  34,609 

117  10,7fl 

215  1,217 

255|  .3,879 

4  11,S19 

30,!t42 

1,239  50,614 

37,  .5,643 


6,138 
3,499 


1.251  9,296 
9,880:  23,010 
215'  .33,038 
800j  45,420 
100  10,864 
730 
565  20,616 

81,713  o76,.-)26 


Registered  Imports  into  the  United  Kingdom  of  Electrical  Goods  from  all  Countries. 


Norway,  Sweden  and  Denmark 

Germany  

Holland  

Belgium  

France 

Switzerland .     ... 

Italy      

Austria-Hungary 

Dnited  States 


49 

7 

118 

36 

7,047 

308 

409 

10,089 

28,129 

1,359 

15,286 

8,555 

3,096 

63,431 

1,427 

3,703 

7,526 

150 

... 

2,235 

735 

109 

... 

10 

712 

2,738 

344 

407 

135 

24 

2,660 

21 

281 

93 

97 

6 

1,125 

958 

227 

2,014 

2,372 

... 

698 

3,766 

312 

824 

93 

119 

18 

337 

1,207 

... 

17 

323 

326 

4,735 

60 

170 

1,305 

1,135 

283 

225 

12 

981 

3,453 

995 

992 

43 

708 

15 
5,522 

9,422 

21,739 

317 

256 

Total,  £ 

15,188 

38,732 

3,980 

20,301 

10,661 

86.543 

23,496 

5,347 

12,945 

5,732 

13,706 

11,971 

164,572 

3,239 

6,902 

14,217 

1,488 

12,651 

4 

3,254 

29 

5.320 

10 

3,951 

146 

38.086 

26,282 


Additional  imports  :  Spain,  carbons,  £197  ;  Greece,  machinery,  £90  ;  Canada,  telegraphic  goods,  £2,884. 
Registered  Re-Exports  of  Foreign  and  Colonial  Electrical  Goods  from  the  United  Kingdom. 


Various  countries,  mainly  as  above 


10,891 


1.032 


3,234     1,747 


9.185 


459 


1,158 


248,996 


28,494 


TOTAlr  EXPOBT& :  £576,526. 


Total  Ee-Expobts  :  £28,494. 


TOTAI  IMPOBTS  :  £25;,lfi7. 


■  Note. — The  amounts  appearing  under  tke  several  headings  are  classified  Euxording  to  the  Onstonre  returns.  The  first  and 
third  columns  contain  many  amounts  relating  to  "  goods "  otherwise  unclassified,  the  latter,  doubtless,  consisting  of  similar 
materials  to  those  appearing  in  adjacent  columns.  Imports  are  oiedited  to  the  country  whence  consigned,  which  is  not  necessarily 
the  country  of  origin, 


406 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.72.    No.  1,841,  March  7,  1913. 


METAL    market: 


A    PLEA    FOR    THE    DOMESTIC    LOAD. 


Flnctnatlons  in  February. 


By  "  VVHISTLEFIELD." 


SPELTER    (G.O.B's.). 

Feu.  3   4   6  6  7  1011  12  13  II  17  18  rj202124  25262T28 


LEAD    (ENGLISH). 

Feb.  3    i   .■.   6   7  101 1  12  13  U  17  18  192021  242o2f.2728 


19 
18 
17 
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15 
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, 



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IRON. 

Feb.  3  4  5  6  7  1011  I21314I71819202124202t;27i8 
75/ 
74/ 
73/ 
72/ 
71/ 
70< 
69/ 
68/- 
67/ 
66/ 
65/- 
64/ 
63/- 
62/ 
61/ 
60/ 
59' 
58. 

TIN. 

Feb.  3    4   .5   6   7  1011  12  13  14  1718  192021  242.^>2G272& 


— 

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Feb. 

X75 
74 
73 
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71 
70 
69 
68 
67 
66 
65 
64 
63 
62 
61 
60 


COPPER    (G.M.B's.). 

3    4   5   6   7  1011121314171819202124  25202728 


Electricity  undertakings  have  lately  wakened  up  to  the 
need  of  pushing  for  business  and  trusting  less  to  Providence 
to  send  along  new  consumers.  The  convenience  and  utility 
of  the  electric  motor,  even  in  inexperienced  hands,  have  led 
to  a  great  increase  in  the  output  of  electricity  for  power 
purposes  of  undertakings  situated  in  industrial  areas,  and 
the  result  of  this  day  load  has  been  an  improvement  in  the 
load  factor,  with  a  consequent  reduction  in  the  cost  of 
generation,  to  the  mutual  advantage  of  the  undertaking  and 
the  consumer.  Recently,  however,  engineers  have  begun  to 
realise  that  a  day  load  does  not  necessarily  mean  a  motor 
load  only,  because  electrically  heated  and  operated  appliances 
are  being  put  on  the  market  which  can  be  relied  on  to  do 
useful  work  without  continually  breaking  down,  and  which 
can  also  be  purchased  at  a  reasonable  cost. 

The  operation  of  these  appliances  will  be  found  to  increase 
the  much-desired  day  load,  since  most  housework  is  done  in 
the  forenoon,  and,  in  any  case,  only  a  small  proportion  of 
houses  are  wired  for  plugs  so  that  connection  can  be 
obtained  only  by  removing  a  lamp  and  using  an  adaptor. 
Even  in  the  case  of  radiators,  kettles,  toasters,  &c.,  which 
are  used  during  the  hours  of  heavy  lighting  load,  the  fact 
that  their  use  is  intermittent  and  for  short  periods  only,  pre- 
vents the  peak  load  from  being  appreciably  affected,  for  the 
chances  of  a  large  number  of,  say,  kettles  or  hot  plates  being 
"  on  "  at  identically  the  same  time  are  very  remote. 

Engineers  who  are  striving  for  a  better  load  factor  do  not, 
however,  appear  to  realise  the  importance  of  encouraging 
the  use  of  the  snutllcr  domestic  appliances,  quite  overlook- 
ing the  fact  that  although  they  may  be  used  for  a  short 
period  only  each  day  they  nevertheless  take  a  fairly  high 
current  compared  with  lamps,  and  so  can  be  relied  on  to 
appreciably  increase  the  units  used  from  any  service  without 
increasing  the  capital  expenditure  in  distribution. 

To  put  a  new  service  in  a  small  shop,  whose  average 
load  will  probably  not  exceed  six  05-watt  metal-filament 
lamps,  will  cost  approximately  £5,  including  meter  and 
other  charges.  Such  an  installation,  as  the  examination  of 
ledgers  clearly  proves,  uses  between  250  units  and  500  units 
per  annum,  depending  on  the  nature  of  the  business,  while 
the  average  for  small  dwelling  houses  comes  to  about 
250  units  per  annum.  A  large  proportion  of  the  units  used 
on  such  installations  are  taken  at  times  of  heavy  lighting 
load,  so  that  each  installation  connected  means  not  only  an 
increase  in  the  capital  expenditure  on  mains  but  also  on 
plant. 

The  use  of  small  domestic  appliances,  however,  like  irons, 
kettles,  &c.,  requires  no  extra  expenditure  to  install  them, 
as  far  as  the  supply  authority  is  concerned,  and  increases 
the  units  used  from  existing  services  by  as  much  as 
10  per  cent,  to  aO  per  cent.  Even  undertakings  which  have 
a  good  power  load  could  profitably  develop  a  domestic  load, 
for  power  loads  usually  overlap  the  lighting  load  in  winter, 
and  plant  must  be  provided  for  this  overlapping,  so  that  the 
domestic  load  helps  to  utilise  the  surplus  plant  not  required 
during  the  day  for  power  purposes. 

Some  undertakings,  realising  the  advantage  of  a  domestic 
load,  have  commenced  to  hire  out  electric  cookers,  but,  so 
far,  it  is  uphill  work  ;  people  are  not  quite  convinced  yet 
that  cookers  are  reliable,  and  they  are  not  prepared  to  put 
in  a  special  circuit  for  the  cooker,  or  to  run  the  risk  of  being 
left  without  food  through  a  blown  fuse  or  a  defect  in  the 
apparatus,  though  they  may  be  quite  convinced  of  the 
advantages  of  electric  cooking.  This  method  also  involves 
heavy  capital  expenditure  to  the  undertaking  for  com- 
paratively small  returns. 

The  following  method  tried  by  some  other  undertakings 
seems  to  promise  more  success,  since  the  capital  expenditure 
involved  is  small  and  the  returns  are  fairly  large.  A  number  of 
6-lb.  flat  irons  fitted  with  3  yards  of  flexible,  and  terminating 
in  an  adapter,  are  loaned  to  consumers  on  the  distinct  under- 
standing that  no  liability  of  any  kind  is  incurred  by  their  use. 
Since  there  is  no  preliminary  expense  for  alteration  to  wiring, 
or  liability  for  damage  to  apparatus,  the  consumer  will  have 
every  inducepient  to  give  the  iron  a  trial,  and  if  there  are 


Vol.  73.     No.  1,841,  Maucii  7,  I'Ji: 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


407 


Huy  Imbic8  or  Kiuwn-up  dimghUirK  iii  Uio  lioime,  ibaL  iron 
will  be  in  use  on  an  average  at  least  half  an  hour  per  day. 
The  convenience  of  merely  turning  on  the  switcli  to  heat 
the  iron  makes  peoplt;  put  it  on  for  doing  the  smallest  article, 
and  as  it  takes  about  five  minutes  to  heat  up,  and  may  be 
in  actual  use  only  five  or  ton  minutes  more,  the  number  of 
times  the  iron  is  heated  up  accounts  for  quite  an  appreciable 
number  of  units. 

At  the  end  of  five  or  six  weeks,  when  the  iron  is  taken 
away  to  be  loaned  elsewhere,  the  contrast  between  the  old 
method  and  the  new  will  be  so  great  that  the  household  will 
find  that  it  cannot  get  on  without  an  electric  iron.  Tf  the 
supply  authority  has  powers  to  supply  apparatus  on  hire, 
or  hire-purchase,  a  ijood  business  can  now  be  done,  not  only 
in  irons,  but  also  in  other  current-consuming  devices  due  to 
the  favourable  impression  made  by  the  iron.  If  the  under- 
taking cannot  hire  apparatus,  arrangements  should  be  made 
with  a  good  local  firm  to  stock  a  quantity  of  irons  identical 
with  those  sent  out  on  loan.  A  good  iron,  complete  with 
flexible  and  adapter,  can  be  bought  wholesale  for  about 
78.  Gd.,  so  that  for  the  same  expenditure  as  on  a  new 
service  15  irons  can  be  put  out  on  loan.  Assuming  that 
each  iron  is  switched  on  only  for  three  liours  a  week,  a  very 
moderate  estimate,  each  iron  will  account  for  G3  units  in 
the  year,  and  the  whole  15  will  increase  the  annual  output 
by  nearly  1,000  units,  units  which  arc  used  during  the  day, 
and,  therefore,  at  times  of  light  load,  and  most  of  wliich 
will  have  been  paid  for  at  lighting  rates  while  the  irons 
were  on  loan. 

A  good  electrical  cooking  outfit  will  cost  complete  about 
£15;  this  sum  spent  on  smaller  apparatus,  such  as  irons, 
would  be  able  to  purchase  4."),  which,  on  the  above  basis, 
would  cause  a  consumption  of  about  3,000  units  per  annum, 
a  return  far  greater  than  that  which  a  single  cooker  would 
cause,  besides  which  the  irons  will  have  done  six  weeks  of 
canvassing  work  in  360  households,  and  probably  caused 
another  200  irons,  involving  an  annual  consumption  of 
1 1'.OOO  units,  to  be  connected  to  the  mains. 

When  lending  out  irons,  small  shops  should  not  be 
neglected,  for  in  many  of  these  the  proprietress  or  her 
daughters  will  bring  down  their  work  and  do  it  in  the  back 
shop  during  slack  times. 

After  the  possibilities  of  an  ironing  load  have  been 
exhansted,  the  same  procedure  can  be  adopted  with  electric 
kettles.  Even  if  a  kettle  is  used  only  twice  a  day  for  ten 
minutes  each  time,  at  breakfast  and  tea,  for  keeping  a  supply 
of  hot  water  available,  it  will  consume  two  units  a  week  or 
100  units  per  annum,  so  that  a  household  with  a  2-pint 
kettle  and  ii'on  will  use  at  least  150  units  more  per  annum 
than  before  ;  this  is  not  a  great  quantity,  but  it  very  often 
represents  a  50  per  cent,  increase  in  the  units  supplied 
through  the  service  without  any  appreciable  increase  in 
the  maximum  demand  at  times  of  peak  load  from  that 
service. 

These  are  only  two  of  the  many  small,  and,  therefore, 
comparatively  cheap  domestic  appliances  which  can  be 
judiciously  pushed  amongst  electricity  consumers,  and  the 
figures  quoted  give  some  indication  of  the  percentage  by 
which  the  output  from  any  undertaking  could  be  increased. 
Great  care,  however,  must  be  exercised  in  choosing  the  appa- 
ratus which  is  circulated,  as  bad  design,  resulting  in  con- 
tinuous breakdown,  will  do  a  great  deal  of  harm,  which  will 
take  a  long  time  to  neutralise.  To  make  the  use  of  elec- 
trically operated  domestic  appliances  popular,  the  prices 
charged  for  the  energy  used  must  be  made  reasonable  ; 
there  are  several  methods  of  doing  this.  One  is  to  make  a 
special  charge  for  all  units  used  for  domestic  purposes  other 
than  for  lighting  or  power ;  this  is  almost  out  of  the  ques- 
tion if  it  means  a  separate  meter,  and,  therefore,  a  separate 
circuit  throughout  the  house ;  the  additional  expense  in  fit- 
ting up  the  installation  would  probably  kill  the  movement 
at  once. 

The  only  method  of  charge  which  seems  to  meet  the  case 
is  the  "  telephone  "  or  "  annual  charge  "  system,  by  which 
a  fixed  sum  is  paid  each  quarter,  and  all  units  used  on  the 
premises  are  charged  at  a  low  rate,  ranging  from  Id.  to  id. 
per  unit. 

The  methods  adopted  by  different  undertakings  for 
arriving  at  this  fixed  charge  vary  a  great  deal  ;  some 
make  the  charge  a  percentage  of  the   rateable  value,  others 


)>a.S'j  the  charge  on  tin'  in.ix'uiiuiii  dtinand,  nhd<:  otherx, 
again,  base  their  charge  on  the  floor  space.  HiacH  the  ideal 
arrangement  would  be  to  charge  for  all  units  uvid  for  lij^htin)/ 
lit  the  lighting  rat^;,  and  nil  uuitH  awd  for  domcHlir  purpf.«<s 
at  the  special  low  rate,  without,  however,  the  drawbackH  and 
expense  of  two  separate  circuits,  tlic  annual  charge  must  b(; 
fixed  at  such  a  figure  that,  if  el(<tricity  were  need  for  light- 
ing only,  the  bill  would  come  to  the  same  amount  on  either 
the  flat  rate  or  the  annual  chartre  rate  ;  then  every  extra  unit 
used,  presumably  for  domesti*-  purp<ws,  would  actually  \»- 
obtained  at  the  low  rate. 

For  example,  if,  in  a  certain  cas*;,  the  lighting  bill  per 
annum  averaged  £3  with  energy  at  3d.  per  unit,  it  follows 
that  the  units  used  \ye.v  annum  must  have  averaged  iMO.  If 
the  annual  charge  in  this  case  were  fixed  at  112,  and  all  units 
used  were  charged  at  Id.  per  unit,  then  the  annual  consump- 
tion of  240  units  on  this  system  would  work  out  at  £3,  the 
same  as  on  the  flat  rate  ;  but  if,  in  addition  to  using  the 
240  units  for  lighting,  150  units  had  been  used  for  heating 
purposes  also,  the  bill  would  woi-k  out  as  follows  : — 


Annual  charge 

390  units  at  Id.  per  unit 


Total 


£2     0     0 
1  12    (; 


£:!   1:;     i; 


which  is  exactly  the  figure  which  would  have  been  arrived 
at  if  the  units  had  been  registered  on  separate  circuits,  that 
is,  240  units  at  3d.  =  £3,  and  150  units  at  Id.  =  128.  fid., 
total  £3  12s.  t;d.  Of  course  it  is  not  advisable  to  base  the 
annual  charge  for  any  installation  on  the  units  actually  used 
on  that  installation,  because  there  may  have  been  abnormal 
conditions  prevailing ;  also,  it  would  lead  to  such  anomalies 
as  two  identical  houses  being  charged  annual  sums  of 
different  values.  The  correct  and  only  safe  way  is  to  collect 
the  data  relating  to  houses  of  the  same  size  and  strike  an 
average ;  all  the  figures  obtained  can  be  compared,  and,  where 
necessary,  graded  so  as  to  obtain  an  equitable  scale. 

Such  a  scale  can  be  easily  explained  to  consumers,  and  as 
it  is  perfectly  straightforward  without  any  electrical  terms 
by  which  he  may  be  trapped  later,  there  is  no  difficulty  in 
inducing  a  consumer  to  go  on  to  this  system  of  charging 
when  domestic  appliances  are  installed. 

Undertakings  with  a  good  motor  load  can  afford  to  neglect 
this  kind  of  day  load,  but  undertakings  situated  in  residential 
districts  will  find,  if  they  go  into  the  matter  carefully, 
that  in  the  development  of  the  domestic  load  they  have 
the  means  whereby  they  can  appreciably  increase  their 
load  factor,  and  thus  considerably  reduce  the  cost  of  pro- 
duction. 


THE    USE    OF    ELECTRICITY     AND 
ELECTRICAL    ACCIDENTS    IN    MINES. 


{Concluded  from  page  833.) 

Ix  the  Manchester  and  Ireland  district  there  was  only  one 
non-fatal  accident,  which  occurred  on  the  surface  at  Hulton 
Cdliery  to  a  turbine  generator  attendant.  In  attempting  to 
replace  blown-out  fuses,  not  having  switched  off  pressure,  he 
was  slightly  burned  on  the  face  and  eyes.  He  had  passed  the 
switch  on  his  way  to  the  fuses.  The  arrangement  of  the 
switch  did  not  meet  with  the  approval  of  Mr.  Xelson,  the 
fuses  being  on  the  "  live  "  side  of  the  switch ;  the  position 
should  be  revereed. 

In  the  Liverpool  and  Xorth  Wales  district  the  inspector 
says  :  "  I  am  pleased  to  be  able  to  report  that  another  ye? r 
has  passed  without  any  fatal  accident  due  to  electricity. 
There  were,  however,  four  non-fatal  accidents,  one  to  an 
electrician  while  trying  to  locate  a  fault  in  a  fan  motor  with 
the  pressure  on,  with  the  result  that  the  armature  shorted  and 
his  eyes  were  thereby  slightly  injured.  In  another  esse  a 
shaft  sinker,  preparatory  to  testing,  made  contact  with 
bare  wires  at  the  end  of  a  shot-tiring  cable.  The  third 
accident  was  due  to  the  bursting  of  a  trailing  cable  con- 
nected to  a  coal-cutting  machine.  In  the  remaining  case  a 
motor  attendant  at   St.  Helen's  Colliery  received  a  shock 


408 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  72.  No.  1,8*1,  march  7, 1913. 


while  lowering  a  set  of  tubs  down  an  incline,  at  the  time 
\fheu  the  motor  of  the  haulage  engine  was  at  rest." 

One  can  scarcely  credit  that  anyone  termed  an 
"electrician"  would  attempt  to  locate  a  fault  in  a  motor 
with  "  current "  on,  and  in  regard  to  the  shaft  sinker  we 
must  assume  that  the  shots  were  being  tired  from  a  power  or 
lighting  cable,  a  foolish  practice,  as  it  would  scarcely  be 
possible  for  him  to  receive  an  injury  from  a  shot-firing 
battery,  whiih  ought  to  be  used  in  e\ery  case  for  shot-firing 
purposes.  Hut  whatever  is  meant  by  a  cable  "  bursting  " — 
we  jiresume  it  fused  owing  to  its  not  being  of  sufficient 
capacity  to  carry  the  current.  Was  this  the  result  of 
economy  or  of  sheer  ignorance  ? 

"  At  the  M.  Helen's  Colliery,  current  in  the  pit  is  got  from 
a  power  house  on  the  surface.  The  system  of  distribution  is 
three-phase,  2,20' »  volts  pressure,  with  insulated  neutral. 
Current  is  taken  down  the  shaft  by  a  double-armoured  three- 
core  cable  to  a  distributing  station  near  the  pit  bottom. 
From  that  point  it  is  taken  by  single-armoured  cable  along 
the  main  roads  to  sub-stations,  and  after  being  transformed 
down  to  4-10  is  conducted  by  unarmoured  cables  to  the 
various  motors  in  the  pit.  Current  at  440  volts  was  also 
taken  through  a  small  double-pole  switch  to  eight  lights 
arranged  four  in  series.  This  lighting  switch  fused  and 
caused  a  short  between  two  phases,  the  overload  coils  in 
the  power  station  tripped,  and  so  cut  off  the  entire  current ; 
but,  strangely,  the  overload  cut-outs  in  the  sub-station  did 
not  act."  There  must  have  been  a  heavy  leak  to  earth 
through  the  cover  when  the  lighting-switch  fused,  and  the 
shock  accident  to  the  attendant  was  apparently  caused 
through  the  earth  return  to  the  surface  being  unable  to  take  the 
discliarge  siiffjcimtti/  rapidly.  Mr.  Nelson,  H  M.  Electrical 
Inspector  of  Mines,  subsefjuently  inspected  the  plant,  and 
his  opinion  was  that  one  of  the  earth  connections  might  have 
been  disconnected  at  the  time  of  the  accident,  but  made 
good  before  the  responsible  electrician  made  his  investiga- 
tions. 

The  italics  are  ours,  but  the  last  statement  is  amazing,  if 
true.  Whoever  would  break  and  connect  up  again  the 
earth  connections  if  not  the  responsible  electrician  .' 

There  were  two  non-fatal  underground  accidents  in  the 
South- Wales  district,  and  three  non-fatal  accidents  on  the 
surface,  but  of  the  latter  no  particulars  whatever  are  given. 
As  regards  the  two  former,  in  one  a  "  haulier,"  while 
harnessing  a  horse  on  a  double  parting,  received  an  electric 
shock  by  his  head  coming  into  contact  with  an  unarmoured 
cable  carrying  500  volts  D.c,  the  insulation  of  which  was 
defective.  The  place  was  wet,  and  the  water  had 
seriously  deteriorated  the  insulation  of  the  cable.  On 
receiving  the  shock  the  haulier  fell,  and  his  head  struck  a 
tram,  causing  concussion  of  the  brain.  He  was  unconscious 
for  4.0  minutes. 

In  the  other  case,  a  motorman  at  a  hauling  engine  received 
an  electric  shook  causing  burns  to  his  band  and  arm  by 
treading  on  a  wire,  the  insulation  of  which  was  abraded 
through  having  been  trodden  on,  while  his  hand  was  on  a 
resistance  grid.  The  wire  was  one  of  a  number  between  the 
controller  and  the  resistance  grid,  which  were  not  properly 
protected.     Pressure  500  volts,  three-phase. 

One  fatal  and  one  non-fatal  accident  were  reported  to  the 
inspector  by  the  ifidland  and  Southern  district.  In  the 
fatal  accident,  deceased  was  in  charge  of  a  haulage  motor. 
He  also  had  under  his  control  a  switch  from  which  cables 
extended  through  a  ropeway  to  a  7.^-H.i'.  pump  motor, 
200  yd.  distant.  Those  cables  had  been  in  use  over  12 
years.  Originally,  they  were  armoured  throughout,  but 
owing  to  leakages  from  time  to  time  the  armour  had  been 
removed  in  numerous  places  in  varying  lengths,  from  2  ft. 
to  10  or  12  yd.  apart.  The  armouring  was  not  earthed, 
except  at  two  junction  boxes  which,  together  with  the 
armouring  where  they  entered  the  boxes,  were  earthed  in 
connection  with  a  line  of  waterpipes.  The  voltage  was 
425  D.c.  Three  days  prior  to  the  accident  the  electrician 
had  tested  all  sections  of  the  armouring  for  leakage  of  cur- 
rent, but  said  he  bad  found  none.  The  deceased  was  found 
lying  dead  in  the  ropeway  in  contact  with  a  strand  of  wire 
rope,  which  was  hanging  over  the  electric  cables,  by  a  man 
who  attempted  to  remove  him  ;  but  he  himself  received 
a  shock,  and  therefore  went  to  the  motor  house  and  opened 
the  switch,   thus   shutting  off  the  current.      The  haulage 


rope  had  been  respliced  on  the  previous  day,  and  it  appeared 
that  someone  had  carelessly  thrown  the  strand  of  wire  upon 
the  cables  in  the  ropeway  to  get  rid  of  it.  Deceased  had 
authority  to  travel  along  the  ropeway  after  shutting  off 
the  electric  current  from  the  pump  motor,  but  this  he 
neglected  to  do.  Subseciuent  examination  revealed  a  leak- 
age of  current  from  the  cables  at  the  point  where  deceased 
met  his  death.  The  faulty  cables  have  now  been  replaced 
by  new  ones. 

The  Inspector  goes  on  to  say — and  we  (juitc  agree  with 
him — that  "  the  accident  was  very  clearly  due  to  inefficient 
earthing  of  cable  in  which  the  armouring  had  been  cut  in 
a  number  of  places  without  being  bridged  over  or  other- 
wise rendered  electrically  continuous."  The  manager  was  of 
opinion  that  "  it  is  not  reasonably  practicable  to  keep  the 
armouring  of  cables  earthed  in  a  haulage  road  subject  to 
heavy  sijueeze  necessitating  heavy  repairs  over  a  long  period." 
The  answer  to  this  appears  to  be  that  if  a  road  is  of  such 
a  nature  that  electrical  cables  cannot  be  maintained  in  such 
a  condition  as  to  ensure  as  far  as  possible  the  safety  of  the 
workmen,  the  cables  ought  not  to  be  there. 

Mr.  Xelson,  H.M.  Electrical  Inspector  of  Mines,  subse- 
quently visited  the  colliery,  and  was  of  opinion  that  the 
supervision  and  maintenance  of  the  plant  had  teen  very  in- 
efficient. In  his  report  upon  it  he  stated  :"...!  think  it 
is  impossible  to  come  to  any  other  conclusion  than  that  the 
person  in  charge  of  the  electrical  plant  at  the  mine  has 
either  been  grossly  ignorant  of  the  risk  he  was  allowing  the 
workmen  working  on  the  cable  level  to  run,  or  gravely 
negligent  as  regards  his  responsibility.  If  the  risk  in  ques- 
tion was  also  unknown  to  the  management,  then  it  ought 
not  to  have  been,  but,  in  any  event,  the  conditions  which 
admittedly  existed  before  the  accident  constitute,  in  my  view, 
a  serious  reflection  upon  those  responsible." 

The  non-fatal  accident  occurred  to  a  pump-motor  atten- 
dant at  Whitefield  Colliery,  North  Staffordshire,  on  Sep- 
tember 19th.  It  appeared  that  the  pump  had  lost  its  water, 
and  the  attendant  switched  off  the  current  and  then  switched 
it  on  again  without  placing  the  controller  in  the  "  off " 
position.  The  resistance  being  cut  out,  there  was  a  flash 
from  the  contact,  which  slightly  burned  the  back  of  his 
hand. 


SUPPLY    TO    PREMISES    SITUATE   OUTSIDE 
THE    "AREA    OP    SUPPLY." 


When  the  1909  Act  became  law,  many  supply  authorities 
considered  that  they  would  benefit  themselves  and  the  public 
by  giving  a  supply  to  the  many  premises  situate  just  out-' 
side  their  boundaries.     Clause  (!  of  the  1!)09  Act  reads  as 
follows  : — 

1.  Where  it  is  proved  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Board  of  Trade 
that  the  occupier  of  any  premises  is  desirous  of  obtaining  a  supply 
of  electricity  from  any  undertakers  within  whose  area  of  supply 
those  premises  are  not  situate,  the  Board  of  Trade  may,  if  the 
local  authority  within  whose  district  the  premises  are  situate,  and 
the  undertakers  (if  any)  authorised  to  supply  electricity  to  isuoh 
premises,  consent,  by  order  permit  the  first-mentioned  undertakers 
to  give  a  supply  to  those  premises  on  such  terms  and  subject  to  such 
conditions  as  the  Board  think  fit  ;  provided  that,  if  in  the  opinion 
of  the  Board  of  Trade  any  consent  required  by  this  sub-section  ia 
unreasonably  withheld,  the  Board  of  Trade  may  proceed  as  if  such 
consent  had  lieen  given. 

•2.  An  order  given  by  the  Board  of  Trade  under  this  section  may, 
for  the  purpose  of  enabling  a  supply  to  be  given  thereunder,  confer 
any  such  powers  and  impose  any  such  duties  on  the  undertakers  as 
would  have  been  conferred  or  imposed  by  the  Electric  Lighting  Acts 
and  as  might  have  been  conferred  or  imposed  by  provisional  order 
if  the  premises  and  the  route  along  which  lines  are  to  be  laid  for 
the  purpose  of  giving  the  supply  were  within  the  area  of  the  supply 
of  the  undertakers,  anything  in  the  pp»cial  Act  or  order  relating  to 
the  undertaking  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

:!.  If  the  undertakers  on  whom  powers  are  conferred  by  an  order  ^ 
under  this  section  are  not  a  local  authority,  the  works  and  lines  ^ 
erected  and  laid  under  the  powers  so  conferred  shall,  so  long  as  the 
order  remains  in  force,  be  deemed,  for  the  purposes  of  the  pro- 
vioions  as  to  purchase  applicable  to  the  undertaking,  to  form  part 
of  the  undertaking  within  the  district  of  the  local  authority  which 
comprises  the  area  of  supply  of  the  undertakers,  or,  if  that  area  is 
comprised  within  the  districts  of   more  than  one  local  authority, 


! 


Vol.72.    No.  l.HII,  Makoh  7,  19i;).] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


409 


within   Buch   of     Ihone    dlntrii^tH   bh  the    Hoard     of    Trudu    niiiy 
dotermine. 

i.  NothinK'  In  this  neotiou  shall  enable  the  Board  of  Trade,  with- 
out the  conHcnt  of  the  undertukorH  within  whonf!  area  of  Bupply 
the 'premiHOH  are  Bituate,  to  (five  cuch  pcrmiHsion  an  aforcHaid  to 
any  undertakora  where  the  la«t-nientioncd  undortakcrH  are  by  any 
Act  of  Parliament  Hpccilically  prohibited  from  Hupplyiiifc  elec- 
tricity within  the  area  of  the  first-mentioned  undertnkerB. 

I''or  the  information  of  those  wlio  have  not  yet  taken 
iidvantaf^e  of  the  clause,  I  will  (luote  the  procedure  of  the 
iJoard  of 'i'rade  in  answer  to  an  application  lately  made. 

Having  obtained  the  consent  of  the  local  authority,  and 
also  the  authorised  undertakers  (a  [lower  company),  sanction 
was  applied  for  from  the  Hoard  of  Trade.  The  IJoard 
wrote  enolosinf^  a  memorandum  of  procedure,  Part  "  E  "  of 
same,  readin;^  as  follows  : — 

"  h'.": — Ajiplic'ttiun  1/1/  itmlfirtakprx  fur  order  of  Hoard  of  Trade  uvder 
Sac.  6  of  the  hlcctrio  Lh/hli/ig  Act,  190!).  pirmiUivfi  them  to 
gire  a  xitpply  of  eh'ctricity  to  premixrx  nitvule  out.iidc  their  area 
of  supply  :  — 

1.  The  application  must  be  made  in  respect  of  epecific  premises, 
and  not  in  respect  of  an  addition  to  the  area  of  supply  of  the 
applicants. 

2.  The  application  must  be  accompanied  by  : — 

(rt)  A  map  or  plan  on  a  scale  of  not  less  than  6  in.  to  the  mile, 
havingr  marked  thereon,  in  some  distinctive  colour,  the  route  of  the 
electric  lines  proposed  to  be  placed  for  the  purpose  of  {riving  the 
Bupply,  the  names  of  any  streets  in  or  along  which  the  said  electric 
lines  are  to  be  placed,  and  the  situation  of  the  premises  propoted  to 
be  supplied. 

(ft)  A  list  of  the  streets  and  any  railways  or  tramways  proposed 
to  be  broken  up  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the  supply,  showing 
separately  those  streets  (if  any)  which  are  not  repairable  by  the 
local  authority,  and  an  aflBdavit  or  stamped  statutory  declaration 
to  the  effect  that  the  streets  repairable  by  the  local  authority  are 
BO  repairable. 

0)  Proof  of  the  consent  of  the  local  authority  in  whose  district 
the  premises  are  situate,  and  of  the  undertakers  (if  any)  authorised 
to  supply  electricity  to  the  premises  forming  the  subject  of  the 
application,  or  evidence  that  those  consents  are  unreasonably 
withheld. 

Qf)  Evidence  that  the  occupier  of  the  premises  to  which  the 
application  relates  is  desirous  of  obtaining  a  supply  of  electricity 
from  the  applicants. 

(/)  A  statement  of  the  terms  and  conditions  on  which  the  supply 
is  proposed  to  be  given  ;  and 

If)  An  affidavit  or  stamped  statutory  declaration  to  the  effect 
that  the  applicants  are  not  by  any  Act  of  Parliament  specifically 
prohibited  from  supplying  electricity  within  the  area  in  which  the 
premises  are  situate. 

3.  The  consent  of  the  local  authority,  if  given,  should  be  given 
in  pursuance  of  a  resolution  passed  at  a  meeting  of  a  local 
authority  held  after  previous  notice  of  the  same  and  of  the  purpose 
thereof  has  been  given  in  the  manner  in  which  notices  of  meetings 
of  the  local  authority  are  usually  given,  and  the  fact  that  such  a 
resolution  was  duly  passed  should  be  proved  by  a  certificate  signed 
by  the  clerk  of  the  local  authority  reciting  a  copy  of  the  notice  and 
of  the  resolution,  and  declaring  that  the  notice  was  duly  given  and 
the  resolution  duly  passed. 

i.  The  consent  of  any  undertakers  being  a  company  authorised 
to  supply  electricity  to  the  premises,  if  given,  should  be  proved  by 
a  certificate  signed  by  the  manager  or  secretary  to  the  company. 

5.  In  cases  where  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the  supply  the 
applicants  require  to  break  up  any  street  not  repairable  by  the  local 
authority  (including  any  street  repairable  by  a  County  Council), 
or  any  railway  or  tramway  they  must  (unless  the  authority,  com- 
pany, or  person  by  whom  that  street,  railway,  or  tramway  is 
repairable  consent  to  the  breaking  up  thereof)  apply  to  the  Board 
of  Trade  under  Sec.  1.3  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act,  1882,  for  the 
written  consent  of  the  board  authorising  and  empowering  the 
applicants  to  break  up  that  street,  railway  or  tramway  in  the 
manner  provided  in  this  memorandum  (see  page  1). 

f..  Any  costs  or  charges  which  may  be  incurred  by  the  Board  of 
Trade  in  connection  with  the  application  must  be  paid  by  the 
applicants. 

The  Board  also  stated  that,  in  the  event  of  their  deciding 
to  make  an  order,  it  would  be  necessary  to  refer  the  draft 
order  to  counsel,  requiring  a  fee  of  three  guineas.  Now 
this,  added  to  the  cost  of  the  affidavit  mentioned  in  Clause  2, 
Sub-Sec.  (/),  of  the  Memorandum  of  Procedure,  and  the 
cost  of  cable,  would  in  many  instances  preclude  the  supply 
from  being  profitable. 

Again,  as  indicated  in  Clause  1,  one  may  assume  that  the 
procedure  must  be  gone  through  and  the  costs  borne  for 
each  application  to  the  Board. 

One  can  imagine  the  comments  of  another  Government 
Dept.,  namely,  the  Local  Government  Board,  when  a  local 
authority  applied  for  a  loan  and  supplied  the  L.G.B.  with  the 
cost  per  service  in  detail,  as  they  now  require.     Is  it  all 


Clause  6  of  the  1 909  Act  acta  out  clearly  the  procedare, 
and  tioa  up  the  undirrtakerB  hullicicntiy.  Why,  theri, 
should  tiie  I'.oard  of  Trade  put  undertuktrs  t^j  any  expenHC  if 
the  evidence  asked  for  is  8U|)plied  ? 


PROOEEDINQB    OP    INSTITUTIONS. 


The  "  Electric  Arc." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Institi  tion  ok  Ei-kctiiical  Enoiukkbb 
(Scottish  Local  Kkctio.s),  in  Edinburgh,  on  February  1  Ith,  Mr. 
W.  H.  Hird,  of  GlaHgow,  contributed  a  paper  on  the  I'Aeetr'ir  Arc,  bd 
electrically-propelled  ship  equipped  by  MeM«rH.  Mavor.v-  Conlnon,  Ltd., 
UlaBgow.  Mr.  Hird,  who  confined  himself  mainly  to  the  features 
of  electrical  interest,  said  that  smce  the  question  of  electric-al  irans- 
miBsion  had  been  considered  from  the  jwint  of  view  of  covering 
the  whole  field,  including  power  for  fairly  large  chips,  it  became 
evident  that  continuous  current  was  not  suitable.  The  only  objec- 
tion to  polyphase  plant  was  that  it  did  not  lend  itself  readily  to 
any  change  of  speed.  The  bebt-known  way  to  change  the  speed 
was  to  provide  the  motor  with  windings  which  would  enable 
it  to  be  run  either  as  a  six  or  eight-pole  machine.  Another 
plan  was  to  have  two  motors  aod  run  them  in  cascade. 
These  methods  had  both  a  certain  amount  of  complication. 
Mr.  Mavor  employed  the  "  spinner  motor,"  in  which  the  outside 
part  of  the  induction  motor  was  mounted  so  as  to  be  capable  of 
rotating.  This  was  controlled  by  a  second  induction  motor  built 
on  the  outside,  and  provided  with  a  different  number  of  poles,  so 
that  while  the  first  motor  would  run  at  .'lOO  r.p.m.  they  could 
drive  the  inside  one  at  2.')0  r.p.m.  in  the  same  or  in  the  opposite 
direction,  giving  three  different  speeds.  In  ship  installations  the 
current  could  be  supplied  at  two  different  periodicities,  and  motors 
could  be  provided  with  two  windings,  one  for  20,  and  the 
other  for  33;'  periods  per  second,  each  still  giving  the  same  speed. 
It  was  considered  highly  desirable  that  the  rotor  should  be,  if 
possible,  of  the  squirrel-cage  type,  and  have  no  windings.  The 
simplicity  of  this  rotor  commended  itself  in  that  it  had  no  con- 
nections outside,  no  contacts  and  no  windings  to  give  trouble  or  go 
wrong.  Another  point  was  that  the  arrangement  should  always 
be  such  as  to  involve  no  running  in  parallel  of  two  or  more 
generators,  because  synchronising  was  considered  to  be  too 
delicate  an  operation  on  board  ship,  where  the  propellers 
might  suddenly  have  to  be  varied  in  speed  in  cases 
of  emergency.  Taking  all  these  points  into  consideration, 
it  was  finally  decided  that  an  experiment  on  a  small  scale  should  be 
carried  out  with  a  system  in  which  three-phase  current  should  be 
generated  at  two  different  periodicities  of  supply,  the  motor  being  pro- 
vided with  two  windings  on  different  numbers  of  poles  suitable  for 
receiving  the  two  periodicities,  and  the  result  was  the  Electric  Arc 
boat  built  at  Dumbarton  by  Messrs.  MacLellan  &  Whitson.  The 
boat  was  50  ft.  long  with  a  12-ft.  beam,  and  the  displacement  was 
about  19  tons.  The  propeller  had  a  diameter  of  3  ft.  6  in.  In  a  i^mall 
installation  of  this  sort  only  one  engine  was  provided,  although 
two  would  be  required  for  a  larger  installation.  Both  periodicities 
were  got  from  one  alternator.  In  the  case  of  a  larger  installation 
the  different  periodicities  would  be  supplied  by  separate  machines. 
The  vessel  was  put  on  the  Clyde  early  in  1911,  and  had  given  quite 
good  results  on  the  lines  expected.  It  had  enabled  them  to  show  that 
the  combination  of  generating  motor  and  switchgearwas  workable, 
and  would  allow  a  boat  to  be  easily  and  effectively  handled.  It 
was  evident,  however,  that  even  with  the  largest  type  of  boats  a 
combined  efficiency  of  95  or  96  per  cent,  could  scarcely  be  hoped 
for,  and,  therefore,  it  was  necessary  to  show  that  by  increasing 
their  turbine  speed  and  reducing  the  propeller  speed  they  gained 
in  propeller  efficiency  more  than  the  8  or  9  per  cent,  which  they 
must  lose  in  electrical  gear  in  order  to  work  profitably. 


Discussion. 

Prof.  Bailey  (Edinburgh)  said  the  driving  of  ships  seemed  to 
lend  itself  very  well  to  special  speed  contrivances,  because  one 
did  not  want  to  vary  the  speed  of  a  ship  as  one  varied  the  speed  of 
a  motor-car.  But  how  would  they  go  dead  slow  .'  Another  question 
which  he  did  not  understand  was  with  relation  to  reversing.  In 
reversing,  the  motor  was  not  so  satisfactory  as  the  steam  engine,  as 
that  could  run  at  a  low  speed  with  quite  as  large  a  torque.  They 
would  require  a  very  much  improved  squirrel-cage  motor,  but  in 
other  respects,  when  they  were  going  full  speed  ahead  or  at  half 
speed,  it  seemed  an  ideal  system. 

Mr.  Stevenson  suggested  that  in  an  experiment  of  this  kind, 
the  spinner  motor  would  have  been  well  adapted  to  meet  the  con- 
ditions, though  he  thought  the  double  frequency  would  have  given 
better  results,  so  far  as  the  mechanical  side  was  concerned.  He 
quite  appreciated  the  squirrel-cage  motor  for  the  smaller  sizes,  but 
when  they  came  to  bigger  machines  there  seemed  room  for  doubt. 

Mr.  Robertson  (Greenock)  referred  to  the  difficulty  of  synchronis- 
ing alternating  machines  on  board  ship.  Some  years  ago,  he  was 
able  to  obtain  some  details  of  a  scheme  got  up  by  a  large  firm  of 
electrical  engineers  for  the  electrical  propulsion  of  a  cruiser,  which 
had  been  submitted  to  the  Government.  The  weight  of  the  vessel 
was  22,000  tons,  and  the  alternators  were  to  be  run  at  S,000  volts, 
with  change-over  switches  operated  from  the  bridge,  the  captain's 
room,  or  the  engme  room.    The  scheme  seemed  very  complete  and 


410 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.72.    No.  l,stl,  March  7,  1918. 


well  thoug'ht  ont,  but  there  was  no  provisiou  for  cbanging  the 
epe«d  of  the  motor.  It  was  full  speed  in  each  case,  which  metint 
that  an  auxiliary  set  had  to  be  provided  for  half  speed  for  cruising-. 
The  additional  weipht  would  be  about  60  per  cent,  of  the  whole  of 
the  electrical  installation,  and  that  put  the  matter  out  of  court. 
His  opinion  was  that  if  the  problem  was  to  be  solved,  its  solution 
lay  in  the  principle  Mr.  Hird  had  sugg-ested — double  frequencies  to 
drive  the  motors,  or  the  use  of  some  type  of  spinner  motor. 

Mb.  Sam  Mam)K  (Glasgow)  said  that  the  very  high  state  of 
perfection  to  which  the  reciprocating  steam  engine  had  been 
brought  made  it  difficult  for  any  new  method  to  gain  a  footing. 
Engineers  should,  however,  bear  in  mind  that  generators  for  driving 
ships  effected  an  enormous  saving  of  weight  on  even  that  class  of 
plant.  He  saw  a  scheme  the  other  day  for  driving  a  yacht  of  .''lOC 
tons,  and  in  comparing  the  electrical  drive  with  tlie  ordinary  steam 
drive,  there  was  a  saving  of  10  tons  in  weight — the  steam  plant 
weighing  100  tons  and  the  electrical  plant  DO  tons.  The  centre  of 
gravity  was  very  much  lower  than  in  the  case  of  a  yacht  with  the 
usual  top-hamper,  and  further,  the  increased  area  for  the  men  in 
the  mid  portion  of  the  ship  was  something  like  i)  or  10  ft.  of  her 
available  accommodation. 

In  the  course  of  his  reply,  Mr.  Hibd  stated  that  the  voltage 
was  310  volts,  variable  to  a  small  extent  either  way.  Great  stress 
had  always  been  laid  upon  not  having  two  alternators  in  parallel 
in  cases  of  ship  propulsion.  The  scheme  they  were  considering  did 
not  prevent  a  combination  of  three  alternators  and  three  different 
motors,  unless  the  motors  were  all  of  the  multiple  wound  type. 
If  they  had  a  ship  with  three  propellers,  a  whole  range  of  com- 
binations could  be  obtained.  As  to  the  fuitability  of  the  squirrel 
cage,  he  thought  Prof.  Bailey  overestimated  the  power  required  to 
reverse  the  propeller.  The  experiments  showed  that  in  this  case 
it  did  not  take  the  full  torque  corresponding  to  full  load  to  reverse 
the  propeller.  They  had  made  experiments  which  had  shown  that 
the  ordinary  propeller,  when  asked  to  act  as  a  turbine,  had  a  bad 
efficiency,  and  that  accounted  for  the  fact  that  the  propeller  would 
reverse  more  rapidly  than  would  appear  at  first  sight.  The  ques- 
tion of  size  was  a  different  one.  It  was  a  squirrel-cage  rotor 
that  they  had  on  this  boat,  and  it  was  well  known  that  if  the 
vessel  was  small  the  squirrel  cage  would  do  what  they 
wanted.  It  was  only  on  bigger  sizes  that  it  failed.  He  thought  that 
in  the  case  of  ship  propulsion  there  were  some  considerations  which 
would  lead  them  to  hope  that  they  might  come  to  higher  s'-zes  of 
squirrel-cages,  chiefly  because  of  the  fact  that  they  had  there  an 
installation  which  was  at  their  disposal  simply  for  the  purpose  of 
driving  a  squirrel-cage  motor  and  nothing  else.  To  change  speeds 
in  a  big  ship  by  simply  throwing  over  a  switch,  would  of  course,  be 
impossible.     The  switch  itself  would  not  stand  it. 


The  Commercial  Aspect  of  Electric  Cooking  and  Heating. 

By  T.  P.  WiLMSHCEST,    M.I.B.E. 

{Abftract  of  pnper  read  before  t/ie  INSTITUTION  OF  ElfctricaL 
ESGINEEKS  at  Birmingham,  Februarxj  2&lli,  1913.) 

The  object  of  the  present  paper  is  to  consider  how  far  the  use  of 
electricity  in  the  home  is  likely,  in  the  near  future,  to  supersede 
existing  methods  of  cooking  and  heating. 

The  question  of  lighting  may  be  considered  settled.  The  author's 
experience  for  some  years  past  has  been  that  all  new  houses  within 
reach  of  the  mains,  of  a  rental  value  as  low  as  78.  per  week,  are 
now  wired  as  a  matter  of  course  for  electric  light,  even  though  the 
initial  cost  may  be  £4  10s.  per  house,  as  against  30s.  to  408.  for  gas, 
aa  the  owjiera  now  realise  that  houses  fitted  with  electric  light 
have  a  better  letting  value.  The  service  cable  should  not  be  less 
than  7/18  s  w.o. 

Probably  more  than  half  the  revenue  of  a  modem  gas  under- 
taking is  derived  from  the  cooking  load,  and  the  greatest  cooking 
load  in  the  smaller  houses  occurs  on  Sundays. 

In  London,  in  four  years  the  number  of  gas  cookers  on  the  mains 
of  the  Gas  Light  and  Coke  Co.  has  increased  from  312,865  to 
475,853,  and  on  those  of  the  South  Metropolitan  Co.  from  24j,165 
to  281,880.  Manchester  shows  an  increase  from  36.214  to  63,730, 
Birmingham  from  34,0tl9  to  40,9^5,  Derby  from  11,819  to  17,.500, 
Southampton  from  16,834  to  21,473,  and  Coventry  from  11,102  to 
17,332.  These  magnificent  results  have  been  obtained  by  supplying  an 
article  which  fairly  well  met  the  needs  of  the  consumer  at  a  low 
rental  (usually  10  per  cent,  per  annum),  or  free  of  all  rental ;  by  the 
innate  advantages  of  availability  and  cleanliness  ;  and  by  good 
basiness  organisation,  including  intelligent  canvassing  and  frequent 
popular  demonstrations  and  lectures. 

In  a  gas  oven  the  joint  of  meat  during  the  whole  cooking  opera- 
tion reposes  in  an  atmosphere  consisting  of  the  objectionable  pro- 
dncts  of  combustion  of  coal  gas  ;  and  many  consumers  have,  on 
taking  up  electric  cooking,  at  once  been  struck  with  the  vastly 
improved  flavour  of  the  meat.  If  it  can  be  proved  to  the  consumer's 
satisfaction  that  electric  cooking  is  not  more  expensive  than  gas 
or  coal-fire  cooking,  the  battle  will  be  won,  ae  the  innate 
advEmtages  of  the  former  are  so  considerable  that  progress  is  bound 
to  be  very  rapid. 

The  author's  first  experience,  about  three  years  ago,  was  with  a 
"lagged  '  or  '  blaok  "  oven  made  by  one  of  the  best  firms  in  the 
country  :  the  design,  however,  was  crude,  and  the  makers  evidently 
had  not  studied  the  housewife's  problem  at  first  hand. 

At  Olympia  in  September.  1911,  several  types  were  exhibited 
which  showed  a  marked  advance  in  design  ;  but  it  is,  in  the  author's 
view,  largely  due  to  the  business  foresight  of  one  man,  Mr.  A.  F. 
Berry,  that  substantial  progress  is  now  being  made.  Mr.  Berry  has 
for  some  time  past  organised  a  series  of  lectures  and  demonstrations 
in  variouB  towns,  given  by  Mr.  F.  S.  Grogan,  in  co-operation  with 


the  local  supply  authorities ;  these  practical  demonstrations  have 
done  more  to  stimulate  public  interest  than  any  amount  of  litera^ 
ture  could  have  eflfected. 

Prior  to  Mr.  Grogan's  visit  only  two  cookers  were  connected  to 
the  Derby  mains,  and  they  were  evidently  regarded  as  luxuries,  as 
the  revenue  from  them  was  small  and  fitful.  The  Derby  Corpora* 
tion  offered  to  lend  a  complete  outfit  to  bona  fide  lighting  con- 
sumers for  a  week's  free  trial,  including  temporary  wiring,  with 
the  result  that  over  30  satisfied  consumers  were  coupled  up  within 
two  months  ;  others  have  come  on  since,  and  several  new  houses 
are  being  completed  in  which  cookers  are  arranged  for. 

The  advantages  of  electric  cooking  are  at  once  apparent  to  those 
who  adopt  it,  the  chief  being  : — 

1.  Absolute  cleanliness. 

2.  Absolute  certainty  of  results,  owing  to  the  voltage  limit 
restrictions  laid  down  by  the  Board  of  Trade.  This  is  in  marked 
contrast  with  the  results  obtained  with  gas  cookers,  owing  to  the 
wide  fluctuations  of  gas  pressure  in  practice,  or  with  the  results 
with  coal  ovens.  With  the  ''  Tricity  "  system  absolute  evennefS  of 
temperature  is  attained  l)y  a  simple  arrangement  of  deflectors 
fixed  under  the  top  heater  and  over  the  bottom  heater.  With  an 
electric  cooker  it  is  only  necessary  to  weigh  the  joint  and  allow  15 
to  20  minutes  per  pound,  according  to  taste,  and  at  the  predeter- 
mined time  the  joint  is  taken  out  with  the  certainty  that  the  meat 
will  be  cooked  perfectly  and  without  the  door  of  the  oven  having 
once  been  opened. 

3.  A  saving  owing  to  the  diminished  loss  of  weight  as  compared 
with  other  methods. 

This  is  the  best  money-saving  argument,  and  although  many 
convincing  figures  have  been  given  both  before  the  Institution  and 
in  the  Press,  a  few  further  figures  may  not  be  out  of  place. 

In  the  introduction  to  "  Mrs.  Keeton's  Cookery  Book  "  it  is  stated 
that  with  coal  or  gas-fired  ovens  the  loss  of  weight  in  cooking  beef 
or  mutton  is  25  per  cent,  to  33  \  per  cent.,  and  with  pork  the  loss  is 
nearly  50  per  cent,  owing  to  the  greater  proportion  of  fat.  With 
an  electric  cooker  this  is  very  much  reduced.  The  following 
figures,  some  of  which  are  taken  from  experience  at  Derby,  relate 
to  results  with  the  "bright"  oven,  of  which  the  "  Trioity  "  is  the 
best  known  type. 

From  the  Coal  Range. 


Sirloin  of  beef 

Ribs  of  beef 

Boned  sirloin  of  beef 
Half-leg  of  mutton 

Leg  of  pork 

Marmalade  making  :— 18  lb.  orange  pulp  and  sugar  gave  13i  lb. 
of  marmalade,  or  a  loss  of  25  per  cent. 

From  the  Gas  Oven. 

Baw.  Cooked.  Percentage  losa, 

lb.    oz.  lb.     07.. 

9     14  7      14  19'0 

...         3       2  2       6  24-0 

...         8       4  6       0  27-3 


Raw. 

Cooked. 

Percentag 

e  lOEB. 

lb.    oz. 

lb.    oz. 

7       i 

4       4 

41-3 

5       7 

3     12 

310 

4       0 

2     13 

297 

4       0 

2     13 

297 

10     14 

6       9 

396 

Ribs  of  beef... 
Sirloin  of  beef 
Leg  of  mutton 


From  the    "Tricity"  Cooker. 


Ribs  of  beef... 
Sirloin  of  beef 
Ribs  of  beef... 
Shoulder  of  mutton 
Leg  of  mutton 
Leg  of  pork ... 
Sirloin  of  beef 
Ham  ... 


Raw.  Cooked.     Percentage  loss, 

lb.  oz.  lb.  oz, 

10  14  9  13               9'8 

6  0  5  6  10-4 

5  3  4  13               7-2 

4  14  4  5  11-5 
9  1  7  10  15-8 

10  8  9  0  14"8 

5  2  4  8  12-2 
10  0  9  7               5-6 

Marmalade  making  :— 17  lb.  of  orange  pulp  and  sugar  gave  14  lb. 
of  marmalade,  or  a  loss  of  17  per  cent. 

A  pork  butcher  in  Derby  cooks  an  average  of  30  lege  of  pork  per 
week,  as  well  as  pork  pies,  hocks,  &c.  For  nearly  six  months  this 
cooking  has  been  done  entirely  on  a  "Tricity  '  double  oven  measur- 
ing 19  in.  X  28  in.  x  16  in.  internally.  This  consumer  assures  me 
that  the  saving  in  meat  is  so  great  as  far  to  outweigh  the  cost  of 
current  at  Id.  per  unit.  And  whereas  the  loss  on  his  coal  range 
was  formerly  40  per  cent.,  this  is  now  reduced  to  an  average  of 
20  to  25  per  cent.  The  following  table  gives  a  few  typical  figures 
obtained  from  this  consumer. 

Percen-    Cost  of  current 
Raw.  Cooked,     tage  lose.       in  pence, 

lb.     oz.       lb.     oz. 
12     12  9     12\      „„  ,o 

12  8         9     10/      2^  ^^ 

13  12       10     10         22i  8 
Pork  and  hocks         ...         HO        8      4         25                lOi 

Legs  of  pork {      10      8         8       3  J      ^^*  ^^ 

Taking  the  first  and  la.st  results,  which  represent  the  output  of 
the  double  oven,  the  saving  in  weight  over  the  coal  range  amounts 
to  18  percent, or  4l  lb.  The  cooked  meat  is  sold  at  Is.  2d.  per  lb.  : 
therefore  the  net  money  saving  on  each  two  joints,  after  deducting 
the  cost  of  current,  is  3r.  lOid.  and  4s.  Ojd.  This  consumer  also 
assures  me  that  there  is  no  comparison  as  regards  the  regularity  of 
the  results  and  the  improved  taste  of  the  meat. 

If  the  domestic  consumer  would  take  the  trouble  to  keep  a 
balance-sheet,   setting   the   diminished  but  her's  bills  against  the 


Legs  of  pork  ... 


Vol.72.     No.  l.sil,  Mauoii  7,  IUl:i.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RRVTEW. 


411 


Cold  wdCcr 


Hot  water 


!)ri)»  cap 


Fig.  1 


Section  of  1,200-watt 
"Bekky" 
Cartridge  Element. 


cost  of  ciirront,  it  oould  be  proved  ovory  time  to  hU  own  iittliMfuolion 
tlirtt  h(i  waH  moii«y  in  i)ockot  at  tlio  ond  of  tho  joar. 

A  further  obviouH  economy  i»  thcdiminiMhed  cnnHuinption  of  coal 
in  the  kitchen.  'I'he  annual  conBumption  of  coal  in  n  Iiouho  of,  Hay, 
£.">()  rental  iH  about  l."")  tonn,  of  which  at  leuHt  10  tuiiH  are  UKcd  in 
the  kitchen.  In  providing  for  warininir  the  kitch«n  ami  providini; 
liot  water  for  bathx.  .Vc,  probably  not  more  than  I  tonn  are  required, 

thus  showint;  a  Bavinir  of 
II  tons,  reprcHc^iitinif  (at  pricoH 
in  the  Midhiudu)  £4  ICM.  per 
annum. 

Uflers  of  electrio  cookers 
have  soon  diHcovered  one 
prravo  defect,  the  ab.tence  of  a 
quick-boilintr  ki-ttlo  for  small 
([uantitios  of  water.  The 
ordinary  consumer  will  not 
wait  10  minutes  while  the 
hoti)late  is  warmintr  up.  and  a 
further  7-10  minutes  for  the 
water  to  boil,  when  a  kettle 
on  a  pas-rintr  can  be  boiled 
up  in  10  minutes.  To  meet 
this  difficulty  a  neat  arranpfe- 
ment  has  recently  been  devised 
by  Mr.  IJerry.  A  specially 
shaped  kettle  is  used,  into 
which  can  be  inserted  a  cart- 
ridfre  element  (fijj.  1).  The 
resistance  strip  is  wound  on 
a  copper  tube  covered  with 
a  layer  of  pure  mica,  the 
connectinir  leads  consisting  of 
four  strands  of  the  element 
laid  alone  the  tubes  in  longi- 
tudinal grooves  so  as  to  pre- 
vent lumps.  Over  this  strip 
is  wound  two  layers  of  thin 
copper  tape  insulated  from 
the  winding  by  pure  mica. 
A  brass  cap.  fitting  tightly  on 
the  tube  and  then  opened  out 
_  to  slip  over  the  tape,  finishes 
one  end  :  and  at  the  other  end  is  a  brass  terminal  box,  which 
carrie.<!  the  contact  pins.  When  all  the  parts  are  assembled  the  whole 
apparatus  is  soldered  up  solid  and  watertight.  A  smaller  tube  is 
fixed  down  the  centre  of  the  main  one  into  the  plug  closing  the  end 
carrying  the  terminal  box,  and  has  holes  at  the  bottom  end  ;  the 
other  end  carries  a  small  "  umbrella."  This  arrangement  allows 
the  water  to  circulate  inside,  the  "umbrella"  preventing  the  over- 
flowing stream  from  interfering  with  the  cold  water  entering.  The 
loading  is  1.200  watts,  and  this  can  be  assisted  by  standing  the 
kettle  on  the  hot-plate.  With  an  initial  temperature  of  40°  F. 
three  pints  of  water  can  be  boiled  in  six  minutes  with  2,000  watts, 
at  an  efficiency  of  over  98  per  cent. 

The  author  would  suggest  from  his  own  experience  the  following 
points  for  the  promotion  of  economy  in  the  kitchen  and  for  the 
satisfaction  of  the  consumer  : — 

When  cookers  are  first  installed,  fi:x  for  a  few  weeks  an  additional 
meter  alongside  of  the  cooker,  and  provide  a  card  to  fchow  both  the 
daily  consumption  and  also  the  money  saving  on  each  joint  of 
meat  cooked.  Provide  a  small  red  lamp  or  other  indication  that 
current  is  being  used.  For  small  houses  use  a  Is.  or  6d.  slot-meter, 
fixed  near  the  cooker,  and  provided  with  an  indicator  which  will 
show  when  the  value  has  been  expended.  Followup  the  first  installa- 
tion of  the  cooker  by  a  visit  from  a  lady  expert  to  give  advice  and 
instruction. 

The  author's  experience  is  that  the  consumers  very  soon  find 
out  how  to  get  the  best  results  from  the  cooker,  to  simple  is  it  in 
operation. 

The  usual  practice  with  gas  undertakings  is  to  let  apparatus  out 
.)n  hire  at  10  per  cent,  of  the  net  cost  of  the  outfit.  This  course  has 
been  adopted  in  Derby  with  electric  cookers.  The  rentals  charged 
are  : — 

For  outfit,  including  "  duplex "'  cooker, 

extension  heater  and  oven       4s.  Od.  per  quarter. 

Including  griller  and  grease  pan           ...  4s.  M.      ,,         ,, 

Additional  extension  heater        Is.  4d.      ,,         ,, 

The  small  utensils  used  with  the  hot  plates  are  sold  outright  at 
prices  approximately  10  per  cent,  above  the  net  cost. 

The  consumption  of  energy,  at  any  rate  with  the  "  bright "  oven, 
usually  amounts  to  1  to  IJ  units  per  person  per  day  ;  the  lower 
figure  may  be  obtained  by  strict  economy,  and  at  Id.  per  unit  the 
author  believes  this  will  compete  with  gas  at  2s.  Gd.  per  thousand 
cubic  feet. 

With  electricity  at  Jd.  or  Jd.  per  unit,  as  is  now  charged  in  some 
towns,  there  is  no  question  of  the  economy  of  electriii  cooking. 

To  some  engineers,  the  warming  of  rooms  offers  an  even  more 
attractive  problem  than  electric  cooking,  on  the  ground  of  the  much 
lower  selling  and  hiring  prices  of  radiators  ;  on  the  other  hand,  it 
must  not  be  forgotten  that  they  are  very  little  r<  quired  in  summer, 
whereas  the  cooker  is  an  all-the-year-round  load,  and  is  even  more 
used  in  summer  than  in  winter. 

It  is  difficult  to  lay  down  definite  rules  for  the  amount  of 
electrical  energy  required  for  warming  rooms,  as  it  depends  on  so 
many  factors,  such  as  the  window  area  and  the  user's  idea  of  fresh 
air.  For  proper  ventilation  it  is  necessary  to  change  the  air  of  a 
room  three  times  an  hour. 


A  go<jd  rule   bam.-d  ini    hot  wat<-r  practice,  in   — 

Kilowatt  cuiracity    -   ^ ' r , 

«0  X  M,X   I.OOO 

Whore    A    =    number  of   square  feet  of  window  Hurfac«  ;   li  = 
number  of  wiuaro  fi-et  of  wall  Hurfa>re  ;  c  a  nnrober  of  cubic  feet 
of  air  in   room;   »  -.  number  of   timcH   air  in  chanircd   (x-r  hour 
1    -  number  of  degreeH  K.  the  air  ban  to  Vx:  raiitcd  in  tcmfxiraturc. 

Thu8  in  u   room    MO  ft.   /     It!  ft.  x    In  ft.,  with  three  windirvx 
:t  ft.  i;  in.  ^    6  ft.,   would  require  'J'l  K\v.  to  raiiie  the  Utm\»  :  t.'  f 
20°  :  and  a   room   H;   ft.    X   II  ft.   y    10  ft.  high  with  one  v. 
T)  ft.  X  .1   It.   9    in.    would    rcijuirc  \".i  KW.  to  rainc  the  tti.  j  ••f;i 
turc  20°. 

The  electric  radiator  contain!  all  the  elemental  of  succeu).  It  la 
clean,  portable,  cheerful  and  instantancouH.  The  present  difflcaltieN 
are  the  innate  conHervatisni  of  the  householder,  the  nccesaity  for  two 
Bets  of  wiring  where  ordmary  flat  rateB  of  charging  are  in  force, 
and  the  running  cost  where  the  radiators  are  uHcd  lor  long  houm 
at  the  ruling  price  of  Id.  per  unit. 

It  is  unnecet'Bary  to  point  out  the  absurdly  low  efficiencieft  of 
coal  and  gas  fires  owing  to  the  necefr-ity  of  providing  for  the 
disposal  of  the  products  of  combustion.  In  the  aggregate,  the 
smoke  nuisance  from  domestic  chimneys  is  far  more  seriouH  than 
from  factory  chimneys,  and  if  more  attention  were  paid  by  the 
municipal  authorities,  as  it  should  be,  to  the  prevention  of  smoke 
from  private  houses,  an  enormous  impetus  would  be  given  to 
electric  heating. 

Water  heating  is,  financially,  by  far  the  most  difficult  problem 
to  deal  with.  Comparing  coal,  gas  and  electricity  on  a  calorific 
basis,  the  case  for  electricity  appears  to  lie  hopeless,  and  its 
only  salvation  lies  in  the  exceedingly  high  efficiency  of  the  elec- 
tric heater.  Taking  coal  at  178.  per  ton,  and  13,000  k.th.i'. 
per  lb.,  gas  at  2s.  (id.  per  1,000  cb.  ft.  and  tJOO  li.TH.i;.  p-'r  cb.  ft., 
and  electricity  at  Id.  per  unit  and  3,4r)5  b.th.l".  per  unit,  a  compara- 
tive statement  is  somewhat  as  follows  : — 


Coal  ... 
Gas    ... 

Electricity 


B.TK.n.  obtainable 
for  Id.,  assuming 
100%  efBeiency. 

142,750 
20,000. 

3,4.55 


EfiSciency 

in  practice 

(say) 

10% 

50  % 

(with  geyser) 

90  % 


Usetal  B.TH.c. 

obtained 

(or  Id. 

14,275 
10,000 

3,109 


The  author  has  seen  tests  made  by  an  independent  and  reliable 
authority  in  which  an  efficiency  of  over  !>7  percent,  has  been  gained 
with  a  Belling  electric  geyser. 

The  three  most  notable  attempts  to  solve  this  problem  are  the 
Therol  heater,  the  Belenus  boiler  and  the  Belling  geyser. 

In  the  first  mentioned,  the  heating  coil  is  embedded  in  a  block  of 
cast-iron,  providing  a  large  degree  of  thermal  storage.  The 
capacity  of  the  coil  varies  from  .50  watts  to  KCo  watta  in  the 
large  sizes,  and  the  hot  water  at  L10°  F.  varies  from  5  gallons  to 
135  gallons  per  day.  The  apparatus  is  the  essence  of  simplicity, 
and  provides  a  demand  of  1 00  per  cent,  load  factor,  obviously  form- 
ing a  most  desirable  load,  even  at  an  exceedingly  low  price  for  elec- 
trical energy. 

An  interesting  installation  of  Therol  heating  in  a  private  house  in 
London  may  be  mentioned.  The  household  consists  of  seven  persons, 
including  two  children.  A  HOO-watt  heater  is  installed  with  an 
auxiliary  1,000-watt  unit,  also  a  small  200watt  heater  for  the 
kitchen  and  ssuUery  ;  there  are  three  baths  required  per  day,  and 
of  course,  hot  water  continually  for  other  purposes.  This  installa- 
tion has  replaced  a  gas  circulation  heater.  After  one  year  the 
consumer  found  a  saving  of  7}  per  cent,  in  actual  payments,  as  well 
as  a  saving  in  deterioration  of  decorations.  The  price  paid  for 
current,  based  on  £4  per  kilowatt  installed  plus  Jd.  per  unit,  came 
to  about  0'65d.  per  unit. 

The  Belenus  boiler  consists  of  a  column  of  cast-iron  provided 
with  deep  corrugations  along  the  bore  in  order  that  the  .'urface  in 
contact  with  the  water  may  be  as  great  as  possible,  and  with  a 
number  of  deep  slots  on  the  outer  surface  in  which  the  elements  are 
embedded.  These  elements  are  plain  strips  of  inert  material, 
wound  with  heavy  gauge  wire  run  at  a  low  current  density,  and 
are  insulated  by  pure  mica  from  the  column.  There  is  at  leaat 
i  in.  of  cast-iron  between  the  elements  and  the  water.  The  boiler, 
when  arranged  as  a  circulation  heater,  is  always  full  of  water, 
and  the  elements  can  never  attain  a  high  temperature  or  burn  out. 

The  boiler  is  installed  in  exactly  the  same  manner  as  the  old- 
fashioned  saddle-back  kitchen  boilers,  iron  pipes  being  run  from 
the  top  and  bottom  to  the  top  and  bottom  respectively  of  the  house- 
hold hot-water  tank.  In  old  houses  the  electric  boiler  can  be 
fitted  in  the  riser  to  the  tank,  and  employed  to  reinforce  the 
kitchen  boiler  and  to  take  its  place  in  the  summer.  The  boiler  is 
provided  with  a  steel  case  and  air  lagging  around  the  column.  A 
high  efficiency  is  attained  when  sheet  lagging  is  fitted  over  this 
and  the  pipes  are  lagged  in  the  usual  manner.  The  Belenus  boiler 
can  be  installed  in  the  kitchen,  scullery,  or  any  convenient  out-of- 
the-way  position  :  it  can  be  fixed  in  series  with  the  kitchen  boiler 
and  simply  switched  on  when  the  fire  is  not  in  use. 

The  Belling  geyser  is  somewhat  similsu:  in  operation  to  the 
Belenus  boiler,  but  it  has  in  addition  a  control  gear  by  which  the 
electric  switch  and  water  supply  handles  are  interlocked  so  that  it 
is  impossible  to  switch  on  the  current  before  the  water,  or  to  turn 
off  the  water  without  first  switching  ofif  the  current.  Independent 
tests  show  an  efficiency  a.s  high  as  ;<8  per  cent.  The  heavy  loading 
of  10  KW.  is,  however,  an  objection. 

Undoubtedly  the  cheapest  solution  of  the  problem,  at  the  present 
time,  would  be  to  discard  the  kitchen  fire  altogether :  to  fix  a  coke 
stove  of  the  "  Ideal,"  or  other  type,  for  hot  water  purposes,  and  to 


412 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.72.   no.  i,mi,maecu  7,  i9i;<. 


cook  by  electricity.  A  small  '  Ideal  boiler  will  supply  50  gallons 
of  hot  water  per  hour  at,  say,  120°  1'.  for  ;K),000  d.th.u.  per  hour, 
or,  say.  '.d.,  a  result  not  yet  approached  by  any  other  method. 

Supply  engineers  are  now  realising  that  the  application  of  the 
Hopkinson  system  of  charging  in  one  form  or  another  is  a 
necessity  for  domestic  supply,  if  heating  and  cooking  by  elec- 
tricity are  to  make  rapid  headway. 

The  two  best  known  modifications  are  the  '' Norwich '' system 
and  the  "Telephone"  system.  In  the  former  the  initial  charge  is 
a  percentage  of  the  rateable  value,  plus  a  low  charge  for  current. 
At  Norwich  the  rate  is  12^  per  cent,  of  the  rateable  value,  plus 
Id.  per  unit  for  all  current  consumed.  At  Bradford  the  rate  is 
15  percent.,  plus  Jd.  per  unit,  and  at  Sunderland  lO-l.'j  per  cent., 
according  to  the  size  of  house,  plus  Ad.  per  unit. 

In  the  "Telephone  '  system  the  initial  charge  is  based  on  the 
connected  lighting  load.  In  Marylebone  the  charge  is  based  on 
70  per  cent,  of  the  connected  lighting  load  at  JE14  per  kw.,  plus 
Id.  per  unit. 

A  hoDse  on  the  Derby  mains  is  rented  at  £iS,  and  the  rateable 
value  is  £40.     The  consumer,  during  1912,  paid  for — 

2,10  lighting  unite  at  4 }d.,  or  £4  l.S     9 

2,100  heating  units  at  Id.,  or  8  15     0 

Total £13     8     9 

Average  price,  r37d.  per  unit. 

Under  the  Norwich  system  at  15  per  cent.,  plus  Jd.  per  unit,  he 
would  pay  : — 

Initial  charge £«     0     0 

2,350  units  at  Jd 1   16     8 


Total 


£10  l(i 


and  all  additional  units  would  be  obtained  for  Jd.  per  unit,  thus 
giving  every  encouragement  to  use  more  hfating  units. 

From  the  preponderance  of  heatirg  over  lighting  units  in  the 
above  case  it  will  be  seen  what  enormous  developments  are  possible, 
especially  in  towns  which  deptnd  on  lighting  rather  than  power  for 
their  revenue.  The  preponderance  may  also  be  emphasised  by  a 
comparison  of  figs.  2  and  H,  which  are  the  lighting  and  the  heating 
recorder  charts  for  the  house  above  mentioned. 


Fig.  2, 


Fig.  3. 

At  Southampton,  Mr.  H.  F.  Street  informs  me  that  prior  to  1910 
only  20  radiators  were  in  use.  Since  the  institution  of  a  flat  rate 
of  Jd.  per  unit,  however,  about  1,000  radiators  have  been  con- 
nected, and  more  than  half  of  these  are  of  the  2kw.  type.  At 
Luton,  Mr.  W.  H.  Cooke  has  sold  about  half  a  million  units  for 
heating  during  the  last  year  at  a  low  price.  It  is  obvious,  there- 
fore, that  once  a  satisfactory  price  can  be  adopted  the  load  will 
follow,  as  a  matter  of  course. 


Di.scrssiON. 


Mb.  Feed.  S.  Gkocan  (British  Electric  Transformer  Co.,  Ltd.) 
said  he  congratulated  Mr.  Wilmshurst  upon  his  paper  dealing  with 
practical  results  obtained  from  the  "  Tricity '"  cooker,  especially  as 
he  had  accepted  the  manufactured  article  instead  of,  as  was  often 
done  in  the  very  smallest  supply  station.s,  attempting  to  design  his 
own  cookers,  and,  with  experimental  work  costing  a  few  pounds, 
expecting  to  do  what  had  cost  the  manufacturer  thousands  of 
pounds.  He  agreed  with  the  author  in  having  heavier  service 
cables,  and  would  go  even  further  and  specify  7/1(1  s.w c  as  a 
minimum.  From  the  latest  returns  he  found  there  were  almost 
3}  million  gas  cookers  in  use  in  the  United  Kingdom,  ho  that  a 
large  field  was  waiting  for  the  enterprising  Supply  engineer. 
Undoubtedly  excellent  results  had  been  obtained  where  good 
organisation  existed  and  popular  demonstrations  were  given. 
Having  been  the  first  to  introduce  these  cooking  lectures,  he  said 
that  such  a  lecture  must  not  consist  of  a  dry  cooking  lesson,  but 
must  teach  the  audience  how  to  apply  their  own  cooking  know- 


ledge to  the  newer  methods,  and  deal  with  the  question 
of  cost  of  operation  in  both  the  new  and  old  methods, 
at  the  same  time  bringing  out  the  advantages  of  electric 
cooking.  The  gas  companies  started  by  denying  that  a  saving 
in  shrinkage  could  be  effected,  but  they  were  now  producing  figures 
showing  that  they  could  cook  with  the  same  saving  in  weight  as 
with  an  electric-  oven.  He  had  formed  the  opinion  that  the  saving 
with  the  electric  method  was  entirely  due  to  their  ability  to  alter 
(juickly  the  temperature  in  the  oven.  The  meat  was  first  seared 
lor  a  short  period  at  a  high  temperature,  and  then  cooking  was  con- 
tinued at  a  muih  lower  temperature.  Such  a  saving  could  be 
effected  in  the  older  methods  of  cooking,  but  only  with  an  infinite 
amount  of  care  on  the  part  of  the  cook,  and  continual  attention  to 
the  oven  during  the  cooking  operation.  That  was  why  electric 
cooking  would  always  win,  because  this  saving  could  be  effected 
without  any  attention  on  the  part  of  the  cook.  The  "Tricity  ' 
system  would  obtain  such  results  with  the  minimum  of  trouble, 
becaure  there  was  not  a  large  mass  of  i^on  to  be  heated  up  in 
preparing  the  oven  for  cooking.  It  naturally  followed  that 
any  oven  employing  large  masses  of  iron  must  gradually 
accumulate  a  large  quantity  of  heat,  and  the  temperature 
in  the  oven  could  not,  therefore,  be  rapidly  lowered  on  account 
of  the  reserve  heat  in  the  casting,  unless  a  great  amount  of  care 
and  watching  was  given  in  the  cooking  operation.  As  a  proof  of 
the  ease  of  manipulati<'n,  be  was  visiting  many  towns  during  the 
year,  and  invariably  cooked  a  joint  of  meat  for  the  public  to  see 
lor  themselves  the  great  saving.  He  did  not  take  a  number  of 
joints  and  select  a  special  one  to  show,  but  cooked  only  one  joint, 
and  always  got  the  same  result — a  shrinkage  of  10  per  cent.  With 
a  cooking  outfit  supplied  to  a  school  at  Easjtbourne  by  his  company, 
the  results  averaged  over  last  term  gave  a  consumption  of  just 
under  J  a  unit  per  head  per  day.  There  were  in  all  100  people  to 
cater  for,  and  besides  the  ordinary  daily  meals  for  boys  and  staff, 
the  adults  were  served  with  a  full  course  dinner  in  the  evening. 
Coming  to  the  water  heating,  about  95,000  useful  b.th.u.  of  heat 
were  obtained  for  Id.  from  the  "Ideal"  coke  boiler.  He 
asked  them  net  to  rush  at  doing  everything  electrically 
just  because  they  were  electrical  men.  The  hot-water- 
supply-in-bulk  problem  was  one  which  they  should  leave  alone; 
both  electricity  and  gas  were  beaten  hopelessly  on  cost  when  com- 
pared with  the  ccke  stove.  He  preferred  to  have  the  independent 
hct  water  boiler  connected  in  parallel  not  in  series  with  the  kitchen 
boiler.  Where  he  had  installed  electric  cooking,  he  had  also  put  in 
many  independent  coke  boilers,  and  they  worked  perfectly  when 
coupled  in  parallel.  The  disadvantage  of  the  series  arrangement 
was  that  when  the  kitchen  fire  was  not  working  the  whole  of  the 
circulating  hot  water  passed  through  the  old  boiler  at  the  back  of 
the  kitchen  range,  and  rapidly  lost  heat  by  its  proximity  to  heavy 
masses  of  iron.  He  strongly  advocated  the  charging  of  an  annual 
fixed  sum  plus  a  low  price  per  unit,  for  this  would  encourage 
those  already  connected  with  the  supply  mains  to  use  more 
electricity  for  domestic  purposes,  and  the  supply  engineer  would 
rather  increase  his  load  on  existing  services,  than  extend 
by  new  connections.  He  noticed  the  excellent  progress  reported 
in  Southampton,  and  would  like  to  emphasise  the  fact 
that  about  70  per  cent,  of  the  radiators  were  hired  out  by  the 
Corporation  ;  if  the  number  placed  in  one  large  installation,  where 
the  radiators  were  bought,  was  omitted,  the  percentage  of  hired 
radiators  was  considerably  increased,  thus  driving  home  again  the 
condition  pointed  out  by  the  author  as  being  necessary  for  success, 
viz.,  hiring  apparatus  at  a  low  rental. 

Mk.  W.  Fennki.i.  said  he  was  convinced  that  two  things  were 
necessary  before  it  was  advisable  to  push  electric  cooking.  A  suit- 
able tariff,  and  an  electric  oven  at  £4.  He  had  at  Wednesbury 
the  Norwich  system  for  private  consumers — 10  per  cent,  of  the 
annual  rateable  value  plus  Id.  per  unit  in  winter  and  jd.  per  unit 
in  summer.  Having  provided  the  proper  tariff,  he  was  now  wait- 
ing for  the  manufacturer  to  come  along  with  the  oven  ;  when  he 
saw  the  oven,  he  would  push  electric  cooking.  It  was  useless  to 
offer  an  oven  for  hire  at  £1  per  quarter  (and  that  was  necessary 
with  the  £12  to  £15  outfit),  while  the  gas  authorities  offered  the 
equivalent  at  3s.  6d.  Water  boiling  by  electricity  was  uneconom- 
ical, and  to  combine  this  with  the  oven  was  sure  to  cause  the 
whole  apparatus  to  be  rejected,  in  an  industrial  district.  He  had 
had  two  years'  home  experience  of  electric  cooking,  with  both  the 
types  of  oven  described  ;  both  cooked  splendidly,  and  they  did  not 
know  what  good  cooking  was  until  they  had  the  electric 
oven.  They  would  not  change  back  to  coal  or  gas.  The 
hot  -  plate  portions  were  not  used  (he  could  not  face  the 
bill), '  so  they  conducted  all  the  boiling  operctions  on  the 
top  of  the  old  gas  range.  He  was,  therefore,  speaking  from 
experience  when  he  said,  "  Push  the  oven,  and  leave  the  boiling  for 
the  gas  people. '  Hot  water  jugs,  afternoop  tea  kettles,  toasters, 
\:c.,  for  use  on  the  tabic  were  very  successful,  because  large  . 
quantities  of  heat  were  not  required.  They  added  a  little  to  the 
revenue,,  and  greatly  to  the  reputation  of  the  electricity  supply. 
Regarding  the  percentage  losses  in  weight  (gravely  carried  to 
decimal  points),  he  thought  it  unwise  to  make  too  much  of  the 
point,  because  it  was  easy  for  the  other  side  to  retort  that  this 
much-vaunted  saving  in  "  meat  '  was  only  a  saving  in  water,  which 
was  not  worth  anything  utdess  they  were  going  to  sell  again  by  , 
weight.  It  would  be  better,  therefore,  to  keep  on  safe  ground  by 
maintaining  that  cooking  in  an  electric  oven  was  very  simple,  and  ! 
reasonable  in  cost,  and  that  the  result  was  a  cocked  article,  whether 
meat  or  pastry,  which  was  far  superior  to  that  produced  in  coal  or 
gas  ovens. 

Mb.  X.  B.  Kosher  gave  some  particulars  of  a  proposed  electrical 
cooking  installation  for  the  office  staff  of  some  works,  numbering 
20  persons.  Kelying  upon  the  published  figures  as  to  saving  in 
cost  with  electric  cooking   due  to  less  shrinkage  of   meat,  it  was 


Vol.  72.     No.  l.Kll,  MAucft  7,  I'.M:i, 


TIIK     I'lLKCTKICAfi    in'lVI.'.W. 


11.'} 


<'Htiniut(Hl  lliul.  tliiH  fNHlc'in  would  pay  liaiKlHoinciy  but  iin  i'X|M'ri- 
iiiont  curried  out  to  iiriiuirliiin  llio  rclativu  comI  of  (-(Xikint,'  hy  ifuH 
iiiul  olcotrioily  rfHiilled  in  favour  of  tliti  fornior.  It  wiih  only  lair 
to  Htutc  that  tho  Huino  cook  cooked  both  jointn,  but  that  whuri-uH 
Bho  waH  experienced  with  tho  gan  cooker,  whe  hod  never  boforo 
UHod  nn  electric  oven. 

Mu.  W.  C.  S.  PliiM.irH  Hii(ftfCHtcd  that  the  dlH'crcnce  in  rcHults 
obtained  by  nicann  of  the  "Tricity  "  cooker  and  the  jjaH  oven  nii|;ht 
be  due  to  tho  differcnco  in  mechanical  conHtruclion  of  the  two 
ovenH.     Tho  I'leotric  cooker  was  practically  a  cloHed  box. 

Mu.  MoUKi.soN  said  that  the  rtHultH  obtained  with  "black"  or 
lapRed  ovons  were  of  tho  same  order  as  thoHO  obtained  with 
"  bripht"  ovens. 


A    GO, 000  VOLT    UNDERGROUND     CABLE 
INSTALLATION. 


Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Mancliester  Section). 

The  annual  dinner  of  the  Manchester  Section  of  the  l.E.E.  was 
held  in  the  Midland  Hotel,  Manchester,  on  Friday  last.  In  the 
absence  of  the  chairman  (Mr.  A.  A.  Day).  J'rof.  E.  W.  Marchant 
presided.  There  were  present  IS  I  members  and  friends,  including 
the  Lord  Mayor  of  Manohenter,  the  President  of  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  Eii^jineers  (Mr.  W.  Duddell).  I'rofs.  Rutherford  and 
Petavel  (Manchester  University),  Dr.  llosenberpr,  Mr.  S.  Z.  de 
Ferranti,  Mi  ssrs.  S.  L.  I'earce.  C.  D.  Taite,  J.  E.  Kinjrsbury.  W.  Cramp, 
W.  C.  Mountain,  J.  Frith,  hon.  sec.,  and  A.  L.  Green  (assist,  sec). 

After  the  loyal  toasts  had  been  duly  honoured.  Mu.  S.  Z.  de 
Febranti  proposed  "The  Corporations  of  Manchester  and  Salford." 
He  said  a  preat  change  had  come  over  the  electrical  industry. 
At  one  time  manufacturers  viewed  each  other  with  a 
very  great  amount  of  suspicion,  but  recently  this  was 
changed,  and  there  was  now  a  tendency  to  a  certain 
amount  of  co-operation  between  manufacturers  which  would  help 
both  the  latter  and  the  public  generally.  A  good  deal  of  preference 
had  been  shown  to  municipal  authorities  iu  the  Electric  Lighting 
Acts.  Some  people  considered  it  desirable  for  public  bodies  to  go  in 
for  trading  ;  on  the  other  hand,  there  was  the  opinion  that  only 
private  business  firms  should  trade.  He  believed  that  the  best 
method  of  carrying  on  the  supply  of  electricity  was  by  a  combina- 
tion of  the  local  authorities  and  private  companies.  In  the  United 
States,  powers  were  granted  to  public  companies  to  provide  lighting 
and  power  supplies  over  large  areas  on  the  basis  that  when  the 
money  subscribed  by  the  shareholders  had  earned  a  fair  rate  of 
interest,  the  surplus  should  be  divided  between  the  municipality 
and  the  shareholders.  In  this  country  we  were,  generally  speaking, 
suffering  from  too  high  prices.  An  enormous  development  would  take 
place  if  only  people  would  take  more  risk  by  supplying  at  a  lower 
rate.  Risk,  however,  was  not  the  sort  of  thing  a  public  body 
should  undertake  to  any  great  extent.  He  had  given  a 
good  deal  of  thought  to  the  subject,  and  had  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  loest  way  of  giving  a  cheap  and  efficient  supply 
was  by  the  co-operation  of  the  private  company  and  the  municipal 
authority — a  co-operation  which  would  have  the  stability  of  the 
municipality  and  the  business  keenness  of  the  private  company. 

The  Lord  Mayor,  in  replying,  said  electricity  supply  was  in  itself 
of  the  nature  of  a  monopoly.  They  could  not  have  half-a-dozen 
companies  competing  in  the  streets  of  Manchester.  Whether  they 
adopted  the  American  or  the  German  system,  it  was  only  a  half-way 
solution.  Manchester,  it  would  be  admitted,  supplied  electricity  at 
as  cheap  a  rate  as  most  of  the  towns  in  the  cowntry,  and  at  a  cheaper 
rate  than  other  towns  which  had  not  special  advantages  in  this  way. 
He  was  not  one  of  those  who  believed  that  the  trading  departments 
of  a  Corporation  should  make  handsome  profits  in  aid  of  rates. 
After  those  departments  had  paid  interest  and  sinking-fund  charges, 
and,  say,  1  per  cent,  or  1 J  per  cent,  for  the  risk — if  there  was  any 
ripk — the  remainder  should  go  to  the  reduction  of  prices,  and  if 
there  was  any  good  in  electricity,  the  low  price  would  stimulate 
the  demand.  He  was  of  the  opinion  that  Mr.  Ferranti  was  on  the 
wrong  line,  and  that,  in  the  long  run,  those  things  that  were  in  the 
interests  of  the  people  must  be  worked  by  municipalities  or  the 
State  for  the  benefit  of  the  people. 

Peof.  RuTFTERFOBD  proposed  "The  I.B.E.,'  to  which  the  Pre- 
sident and  Prof.  Marchant  replied.  In  the  course  of  his 
remarks  Mr.  Duddell  said  that  the  Council  of  the  Institution  had 
decided  to  do  some  research  work  in  connection  with  the  properties 
of  materials  used  in  electrical  engineering.  In  London  there  was 
to  be  found  one  of  the  finest  libraries  of  electrical  literature  in  the 
world.  The  Council  were  also  forming  a  lending  library,  so  that 
provincial  members  could  consult  a  book  without  the  expense  and 
inconvenience  of  visiting  London  for  that  purpose.  He  wished 
that  there  should  be  no  misunderstanding  on  the  question  of  the 
proposed  examinations.  They  were  to  be  of  such  a  character  that 
any  man  who  knew  his  work  well  could  pass  them  without  any 
cramming. 

Prof.  Marchant,  in  replying  to  the  toast,  spoke  of  the  large 
amount  of  electrical  engineering  work  done,  and  power  supplied  and 
used  in  and  around  Manchester  and  Liverpool.  The  Manchester 
Section  possessed  great  opportunities  for  discussing  all  matters 
relating  to  electrical  engineering,  and  it  would  be  the  aim  of  the 
Committee  to  foster  in  every  possible  way  the  interest  of  the  mem- 
bers in  the  work  of  the  Section,  by  providing  papers  of  the  widest 
range,  which  would  give  those  engaged  in  the  profession  in  the 
district  the  opportunity  of  supplying  practical  information  on  the 
branches  of  work  on  which  they  might  be  engaged.  He  hoped  that 
in  the  future  as  in  the  past,  the  papers  and  discussions  in  Man- 
chester might  become  known  for  the  breadth  of  their  scope,  and  for 
the  practical  value  of  their  matter. 

Mr.  W.  Cramp  gave  "The  Visitors,"  to  which  Mr.  E.  W. 
Lang  don  responded. 


Inu  piipcr  ifiid  licforc  tlio  HI(ktrotfcliniw;lnTVirein,  I)r.  l.<</n 
liiclitonsLciii"  jjivcH  w)iii(!  intercBtiriK  particuliirH  of  what  in 
proliiihly  the  first  (;(),()0()-V(ilL  .\.c.  mi(l<T(in>iiti(l  ciihle  to  Ijo  luif). 
Tli<;  iiistiillution  is  one  for  8Upi»lyin(^  Hin<.,'li:-i)lju«e  [xiwer  to 
the  DcsHHii-iJitterl'eld  railway,  from  the  central  Htationab 
Muidenstein.  Tlie  transiiiiHsion  diHtanee  is  at  present  only 
(•;i  l<ni.  (2-7  miles),  but  this  e.xtra-hi^h  preHsiirc  was  Helected 
partly  to  rncet  tlie  reiniiretneiits  of  future  cxtensionc,  and 
partly  for  the  sake  of  obtaiiiiiif^  experimental  data.  The 
cable  described  was  made  by  the  Siemens-.'^chuckert  (Jo.,  and 
forms  one  of  three  sets  of  feeders  connecting  the  same 
points,  iinotlier  of  tli«m  being  a  similar  cable  supplied  \>y 
the  Felten  &,  (iuilleaume  Co.,  and  the  third  an  ordinary 
overhead  system.  The  eai)les  came  into  full  operation  at 
()0,()00  volts  and  ICj;  cycles  per  sec.  in  April,  1!)1  l,and  have 
been  successfully  operated  (at  comparatively  liglit  loadj  ever 
since,  the  two  makes  of  cable  being  generally  used  alternately 
for  a  week  at  a  time  each. 

The  central  station  contains  a  turbo-generator  of  4,100 
K.V.A.,  at  8,300  volts,  1,000  it. P.M.,  and  some  smaller 
machines,  and  eventually  four  more  similar  turbo  sets  are  to 
be  added.  The  energy  from  each  turbo  set  is  transformed  to 
tJO,000  volts,  in  two  2,000-k.v.a.  transformers,  and  at  the 
far  end  the  voltage;  is  reduced  in*similar  transformers  to 
10,000  volts,  which  is  supplied  direct  to  the  overhead 
line  of  the  railway.  The  middle  point  of  the  r,0,00()-volt 
system  is  earthed  at  the  station  through  a  high  resistance, 
so  that  the  voltage  of  each  cable  to  earth  is  limited  to 
iiO,000  volts.  Every  provision  against  high  voltage  rises 
has  been  made,  but  no  particulars  of  the  arrangement  are 
given. 

It  was  decided  to  employ  two  single-core  cables  in  pre- 
ference to  a  two-core  cable,  as  the  experimental  data  avail- 
able for  the  latter  type  were  less  complete.  In  order  to 
avoid  undue  losses  in  the  cable  sheathing  no  iron  armouring 
is  used. 

The  cable  core  is  of  stranded  aluminium,  and  has  a 
section  of  100  ?q.  mm.  (-157  sq.  in.).  This  is  covered 
with  a  radial  thickness  of  13  mm.  of  impregnated  paper,  as 
shown  in  fig.  1,  p.  414.  Outside  the  lead  covering  there  is  a 
layer  of  jute,  and  this  is  coated  with  asphalt  and  chalk. 

The  permissible  load  of  the  cable  is  about  240  amperes 
for  a  maximum  temperature  rise  of  2.")  C,  so  that  the  full- 
load  output  of  the  cable  is  14,400  k.v.a.  At  .'40  amperes 
the  ohmic  drop  is  about  1  .")0  volts  per  km.  run,  and  the 
inductance  drop  about  3")  volts  per  km.  run,  so  that  the 
net  voltage  difference  between  the  two  en9s  of  the  trans- 
mission works  out  at  about  G50  volts,  or  ri.  per  cent.,  with 
a  power  factor  of  ■'.). 

If  a  copper  conductor  had  been  used  of  equivalent  carry- 
ing capacity,  its  section  would  have  had  to  be  about 
57  sq.  mm,  with  a  radius  r  =  4  7.')  mm.  With  the  same 
radial  thickness  of  insulation  {S  =  13  mm.),  this  would 
mean  a  maximum  number  of  volts  per  mm.  near  the  surface 
of  the  wire  of — 


volts  to  earth 


30.000 


=   4.7;i(i, 


r  log,  {)■  +  Sir)  4-75  log,    17-75/4-75 

whilst  with  the  actual  aluminium  cable  the  maximum 
volts  per  mm.  work  out  at — 

30.000  _ 

6-5  log,   ll)-.3/G-5     -  ^'-^^' 

or  some  14  per  cent.  less.  To  give  the  copper  cable  the 
same  maximum  stress,  the  paper  would  have  had  to  be 
increased  to  Hi '7  mm.  radial  thickness,  making  the  overall 
diameter  inside  the  lead  42';)  mm.  in  place  of  3!)  mm.  The 
use  of  aluminium  in  this  case  was,  therefore,  considered  to 
be  fully  justified. 

The  cable  was  manufactured  in  lengths  of  750  m.,  so  that, 
in  all,  10  joints  were  required  on  the  system  besides  the  four 
special  end-connection  pieces. 

The  junctions  were  insulated  with  impregnated  paper 
by  hand,  whilst  the  cable  ends  were   similarly   treated  and 

i J 

•  JE.T.Z,  January  2nd.  1913. 


414 


THE    EIxECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,841,  March  7,  1913 


then  eucased  in  special  porcelain  covers,  to  exclude  the  air. 
No  special  difficulties  were  experienced  in  this  direction,  as 
the  single-core  cable  lent  itself  much  more  readily  to  treat- 
ment than  would  a  multi-core  cable. 

The  laying;  of  the  cabbie  along  the  railway  line  com- 
menced in  the  middle  of  October,  1!)I0,  and  was  completed 
in  the  middle  of  December.  The  two  cables  are  laid  side 
by  s'de  in  split  earthenware  troughs  filled  with  sand,  in  a 
single  trench  -8  m.  deep,  as  shown  in  lig.  2.  Where  the 
cable  had  to  be  laid  over  the  railway  bridges,  it  was  placed 
in  wooden  troughs.  The  sections  of  both  troughs  are  shown 
in  figs.  3  and  4,  The  laying  was  carried  out  under  some- 
what difficult  weather  conditions,  the  mean  temperature 
being  only  about  5  C,  whilst  the  joints  were  made  with  an 
air  temperature  of  —  2"  C.  to  —  5  C,  and  so  had  to  be 
surrounded  by  artifically-heated  tents  during  the  process. 

Measurements  made  in  the  factory  before  laying,  and  at  a 
temperature  of  15  C,  showed  an  insulation  resistance  of 
8,000  megohms  per  km.,  a  conductor  resistance  of  *27.')  ohm 
per  km.,  and  a  capacity  to  lead  of  •1C9  microfarad  per  km. 
The  latter  figure  enables  the   mean  value  of  the  specific 


■'Although  this  cable  is  normally  intended  to  work  at 
30,000  volts  to  earth,  it  is  possible,  under  certain  circum- 
stances, to  have  one  cable  working  at  60,000  volts  to  earth 
if  a  short-circuit  to  earth  occurs  on  the  other.  This  in- 
creased voltage  would,  of  course,  not  damage  the  cable 
instantly,  but  in  order  to  prevent  its  continuing  for  any 
length  of  time,  an  automatic  indicating  device  is  provided 
at  the  station  to  draw  attention  to  any  earthing  of  either 
pole. 

Special  earthing  rods  are  also  provided  both  at  the  central 
station  and  at  the  sub-station,  which  connect  the  cable  to 
earth  through  a  resistance  when  it  is  disconnected  from  the 
bus-bars.  In  this  way,  any  danger  from  residual  charge  on 
the  cable  is  avoided.  The  cable  has  been  in  regular  use, 
although  only  at  the  small  current  of  10  amperes,  for  alter- 
nate weeks  and  about  20  hours  a  day, since  April,  I'Jll,  a,nd 
only  one  serious  accident  has  occurred.  On  this  occasion 
(in  July,  1912)  a  ii.T.  transformer  in  the  main  station  and 
the  cable  itself  were  both  found  to  have  broken  down.  Very 
careful  tests,  and  examination  of  the  cable  since,  show  that 
nothing  in  the  shape  of  ageing  can  have  been  the  cause  of 


fy.: 

A 

! 

5,V' 

i 

1/ 

tf^ 

3 

in 

^ 

y 

twj 

%, 

■,-\nt< 
-— < 

",v^.>,ir,i?;;,' 
too 

Fig.  2. 


Figs.  3  and  4. 


nductive  capacity  or  dielectric  constant  k  of  the  insulation 
material  to  be  estimated  :  — 

Capacity  in  microfarads  per  km.  = 


21og^(?--f-a)// 


from  which 


K  =  S-S.'). 


After  laying,  the  values  were  again  measured,  and  showed 
the  following  results  : — 8. 020  megohms  per  km.,  '205  ohm 
per  km.,  and  -1705  microfarad  per  km.  The  differences  are 
accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  the  temperature  was  lower 
(being  about  4  C.  in  place  of  15"  C),  and  serve  to  indicate 
that  no  damage  can  have  been  done  to  the  cable  during 
laying,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  it  was  unarmoured.  When 
these  three  constants  were  again  measured  at  the  end  of 
1911,  they  still  showed  the  same  values.  The  cable  was 
further  tested  with  50,000  volts  to  earth  (corresponding  to  a 
line-to-line  voltage  of  100,000). 

Such  a  test  was  only  possible  in  this  case,  because  it  was 
permissible  to  earth  one  pole  of  the  transformers  tem- 
porarily, and  because  the  length  of  line  and  the  frequency 
were  both  moderate.  Even  so  the  charging  current  taken 
would  be  about  2  r  x  l(j|  x  50,000  x  "17  x  4-;5  x 
10  "^  =  y-H."}  amperes,  corresponding  to  an  apparent  power 
of  190  K.V.A. 

The  writer  points  out  the  difficulty  that  would  be  met  with 
in  testing  a  longer  line,  and  at  a  more  usual  frequency,  such 
as  50  cycles.  Even  supposing  that  comj)ensating  choking 
coils  are  inserted  to  reduce  tlie  k.v.a.  taken  from  the  supply, 
the  size  of  these  choking  coils  would  introduce  fresh  diffi- 
culties. He  suggests  that  possibly  some  such  device  as  the 
hi^h-tenson  rectifying  commutator  dcscril)ed  before  the 
Turin  Electrotechnical  Congress  in  1911,  by  Herr  Delon. 
might  be  employed  to  test  such  cables  after  laying,  with  u.t. 
direct  current,  but  before  this  hm  safely  be  done  further 
experiments  as  to  the  relative  effects  of  a.c.  and  n.c.  high 
voltages  must  be  carried  out. 


the  trouble,  as  neither  the  break-down  voltage  nor  the  elec- 
trical constants  had  altered  appreciably,  whilst  the  appear- 
ance of  the  paper,  &c.,  was  quite  unchanged.  Since 
repairing  the  fault  the  cable  has  again  been  in  use  for 
some  months  without  any  trouble,  so  that  the  accident  must 
be  put  down  to  some  outside  undiscovered  cause. 

A  point  of  some  importance  in  connection  with  h.t. 
cables  is  the  question  of  dielectric  hysteresis  loss.  Under 
normal  working  conditions  this  should  amount  to  a  very 
small  value,  and  in  this  case  it  was,  in  fact,  too  small  to 
measure  directly  with  the  available  apparatus.  The  loss 
to  be  expected  can,  however  be  approximately  estimated 
by  reference  to  Hochstildter's  tests  made  in  1910*  on 
cables  of  similar  manufacture.  The  writer  has  done  this, 
and  finds  that  the  loss  for  the  whole  line  (4"3  km.  run)  at 
30,000  volts  to  earth,  and  l(i|  cycles,  should  only  amount  to 
about  2  K\v.  This  is  only  about  1-45  ])er  cent,  of  the  full- 
load  C^  R  loss  in  the  line,  and  should  produce  about  1*45  per 
cent,  of  the  temperature  rise  at  full  load.  The  full  load 
temperature  rise  is  estimated  to  be  25  C,  so  that  a  rise  of 
only  about  "SO  C.  might  be  expected,  due  to  the  dielectric 
hysteresis  loss  alone.  A  20-hour  no-load  temperature  test 
was  made  on  the  cable  in  October,  1911,  and  the  temperature 
rise  was  estimated  from  careful  measurement  of  the  copper 
re.-istancc.  This  rise  pro\cd  to  be  of  the  same  order  as  that 
estimated,  thus  showing  that  no  serious  dielectric  loss  or 
eddy-current  loss  in  the  lead  covering  could  be  taking  place. 


Truro  Electric  Lighting!:. — The  electricity  question  has  \ 

this  wefk  beea  the  subject  of  an  inquiry  at  the  B.  of  T.  ollioes  in 
London,  when  the  claims  of  the  T.C.  and  the  Gas  Ckimpany  for  a 
prov.  order  were  considered. 

*  E.T.Z.,  1910,  page  355. 


Vol.73.    No.  1,811,  Makch  7,  19i:i.l 


THE    RLRCTHTCAL    IlKVTEW. 


H5 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 


FOREIGN    AND    COLONIAL    TARIFFS     ON 
ELECTRICAL    GOODS. 


Siemens  Radiator  Flexible. 

Tho  illu.Htrati'in,  fip.  1,  showH  a  specially  <leHi(fned  wire,  which 
Mkhshs.  SiKMKNS  Biios.  .V  Co.,  L'i'i),  Woolwioh,  are  Hiipplyiii);  for 
use  with  all  kiiidn  of  heatinjr  apparatus,  mioh  an  rncliatorH  and 
irons  ;  it  is  also  suitable  for  portable  hand  lamps  in  (jaraifos  and 
other  places.  It  contains  two  rubber-insulated  flexible  conductors 
of  tine  tinned  copper  wires,  and  can  be  provided,  when  necessary, 
with  an  earthing  wire  to  meet  the  Home  Oflice  Retrulations  for 
workshops.  The  wire  is  supplied  with  either  a  polished  cotton 
braid  finish  or  a  flexible  metallic  coverintr,  the  latter  hviug  recom- 
mended where  the  wire  is  likely  to  be  subjected  to  severe  mechanical 
use.  In  either  case,  a  special  feature  of  the  wire  is  the  provision 
of  a  wrappinu  of  metallic  foil  immediately  beneath  the  cotton 
braid  which  protects  the  rubber  insulation  from  crrease,  oil  and 
other  injurious  substances.  It  is  desirable  that  the  surface  of  any 
metallic  protective  coverinp  employed  for  this  class  of  wire  should 
be  perfectly  smooth,  so  that  it  can  bo  handled  without  any  possi- 
bility of  the  slightest  injury  beinff  caused  to  the  user,  such,  for 
instance,  as  would  result  from  the  sharp  points  of  broken  wires  of 
a  metallic  braidin;;.  It  will  be  seen  from  the  illustration  that  this 
condition  is  fulfilled  by  covering  the  wire  with  a  spiral  wrappinpr 
of  segmental  aluminium  or  brass,  the  rounded  outer   surface   of 


\ 


Fk;.  1. — Siemens  Radiator  Fle.xible, 


which  gives  the  finished  wire  a  very  neat  appearance.  The 
finished  product  possesses  the  required  degree  of  flexibility  without 
being  springy. 

The  "Klipton"  Lamp. 

Messes.  Rose  Bbos.,  of  38-39,  Beech  Street,  Barbican,  E.G.,  have 
recently  added  to  their  "  Klipton  "  specialities  an  improved  large 
size  lamp  for  use  with  current  from  the  mains— the  original 
"Klipton"  being  a  pocket  lamp  for  use  with  dry  batteries. 

The  new  fitting,  shown  in  fig.  2,  is,  of  course,  of  more  substantial 
build  than  the  earlier  one,  and  is  finished  in  lacquered  brass  with  a 
strong  clip  and  hand-made  ball-and-socket  movement,  a  reflector, 
3  yd.  of  flexible,  and  an  adapter  or  plug,  as  desired,  for  coupling  to 
the  main  supply.  Like  its  predecessor,  it  is  a  most  convenient 
accessory,  which  can  be  clipped  on  to  any  ledge  and  adjusted  to  give 
light  where  wanted,  or  if  clipped  on  to  a  ruler  or  book,  will  take 
the  place  of  a  standard  lamp  on  a  table.  It  appears  to  be  a  par- 
ticularly useful  adjunct  for  shop  window  lighting. 

Tailoring'  Irons. 

The  introduction  of  the  electric  iron  into  tailoring  shops  will 
confer  great  benefits  upon  the  employes,  but  the  heavy  duty 
required  of  the  iron  calls  for  a  device  much  more  highly  developed 
than  the  ordinary  laundry  electric  iron.  To  meet  this  need,  the 
General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  produced  the  "  Magnet "  tailoring 


Magnet  Tailoring  Iron. 


iron,  which  is  illustrated  herewith  :  this  is  made  in  weights  varying 
from  12  to  25  lb.,  the  former  size  being  adapted  for  dressmakers' 
use  and  the  latter  for  heavy  tailoring  work.  Special  attention  has 
been  given  to  the  flexible  connection,  the  weak  spot  of  the  electric 
iron  ;  the  cord  is  very  strong,  and  is  heavily  insulated  with  rubber 
covered  with  a  thick  layer  of  asbestos  and  heavy  cotton  braiding 
over  all.  Connection  with  the  heating  element  is  made  in  a 
substantial  box,  to  which  a  strong  spring  is  attached,  supporting 
and  protecting  the  flexible  for  a  length  of  about  0  inches.  The 
heating  element  consists  of  a  narrow  metal  ribbon  of  special  alloy, 
and  18  readily  replaceable.  Ample  heat  is  provided,  and  the  design 
provides  lot  reliability  and  eflBcient  working. 


AMENDMIfNTH. 

AUSTRAF/IA.-  The  Ci)mmonw<«llh  CuHtomR  ,aDthoritipM  have 
issued  the  following  dccisionM  an  to  the  dutiea  to  be  Icvicl  on 
certain  imported  goods  :-- 

Etching  machine  :  motor,  blower  and  switchboard     20  %  tul  val. 

Rubcroid  or  rubcrine  cement  (cla'sifioation  to  be 

decided  on  analynic; 
Surgical   and    dental     instrument.'*  :     "  MultOMlat," 
including    the   motor,    wliich    in   an     integral 

part  free 

Electric  motor-wagonH  : 

Body £3fi  each 

Chassis  free 

Vulcanising  equipment  25  %  ad  vaL 


J^KKK?" 


Fig.  2.— New  "Klipton'  Lamp. 

Note. — The  duties  given  above  are  in  all  cases  those  levied  under 
the  Preferential  Tariff  applicable  to  goods  of  British  origin. 

BRAZIL. — The  Brazilian  Budget  Law  provides  that  clearance  of 
goods  for  consumption  in  Brazil  will  not  be  permitted  without 
presentation  by  the  consignee  of  the  original  Consular  invoice, 
unless  the  consignee  enters  into  an  engagement  to  produce  the 
document  within  a  period  of  90  days.  This  period  may  not  be 
extended,  and  if  the  invoice  is  not  forthcoming  on  its  completion, 
the  consignee  will  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  50  per  cent,  of  the  total 
amount  of  duties  and  other  charges  leviable  in  respect  of  the 
goods. 

The  Brazilian  Budget  Law  provides  that  goods  which  have  under- 
gone transhipment  in  foreign  ports  shall  not  be  cleared  through 
Customs  Houses  of  the  Republic  unless  they  are  accompanied  by  a 
transit  certificate  issued  by  the  Consular  agent  at  the  port  of 
transhipment. 

BOLIVIA. — A  Commission  has  been  appointed  to  revise  the 
existing  tariff  of  import  duties.  The  Commission  is  to  communi- 
cate  with  all  Chambers  of  Commerce  in  Bolivia  inviting  suggestions 
for  the  modification  of  the  tariff,  and  is  to  submit  a  new  draft 
tariff  in  August  next.  If  the  new  tariff  is  approved,  it  will  come 
into  force  on  January  1st  next. 

MEXICO.— The  Board  of  Trade  are  informed  that  the  Bill  for  the 
revision  of  the  Mexican  tariff,  referred  to  in  these  columns  some 
few  weeks  ago,  has  been  postponed  until  the  ordinary  session  of 
Congress,  which  opens  on  April  1st  next. 

A  decree  has  been  issued  increasing  the  rates  of  duty  under  the 
Mexican  tariff  by  10  per  cent,  from  February  liith.  This  10  per 
cent,  includes  the  o  per  cent,  increase  imposed  on  goods  imported 
from  September  1st,  so  that  the  net  effect  is  to  increase  the  ratee 
by  a  further  .5  per  cent.  only. 


Eccles  Electricity  Supply. — The  Puhlic  Lighting  and 

Electricity  Supply  Committee  of  the  Corporation  has  considered 
a  report  of  the  Manchester  Steam  Users'  Association  upon 
No.  1  boiler.  The  engineer  recommended  the  provision  and  fixing 
of  anew  boiler,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £360,  allowing  for  the 
sale  of  the  present  boiler,  estimated  to  last  10  years,  at  a  cost  for 
repair  of  £1<;5,  and  the  Committee  adopted  the  recommendation 
and  decided  to  invite  tenders. 


410 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.72.    No.  1,841,  March  7,  1913, 


NEW 


PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR, 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913, 


OompUed  expressly  for  this  journal  by  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thohpbom  &  Co., 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inauiries  should  be  addressed. 


8,976.  "Mechanical  shutters  for  operating  box  in  picture  halls  that  can  be 
closed  quickly  with  electricity  fron?  one  or  more  places  in  the  bail  or  box  in 
case  ol  Ure."    F.  Bhadsuaw.    February  17th. 

8.987.  "  Electric  lighting  switches  for  automobiles."  M.  S,  Cohneb, 
February  ITth. 

8.988.  "  Non-conductor  connection,"    T.  E.  Obange.    February  17tb. 
4,008.     "  Electric  apparatus  for  beating  or  boiling  lii|uids."    M.  Bailiko  and 

0.  H.  Abchkr.     February  I7lh, 
4,034.    "  Process  for  the  manufacture  of  filaments  for  electric  glow  lamps." 

A.  JcsT.     (Convention  date,   Much   lltfa,   1913,   Qerninny.)    February   17lh. 
(Complete.) 

4,071.    "Telephony."    D.  S.  Hulfish.     February  17th.    (Complete.) 

4.090.  "  Process  for  mauufacturinK  electric  traiislormers  of  Biiiiill  power." 
Vedoveixi,  Pkiksiley  iS  Co.    (Convention  date,  February  2(  th,  1912,  Irancc.) 

4.091.  "  Method  of  mid  menus  for  winding  coils."  (Convention  date, 
January  10th.  \slli.    Divided  application  on  91  of  January  1,  191B  ) 

4,093  "  Electric  motor-oontrolling  devices."  British  Tuomson-Houston 
C!o.,  Ltd.,  and  H.  E.  Britton.    February  17th.    (Complete.) 

4,106.  "  Ignition  lead  cases  for  motor  vehicles  and  wagons."  Ci^vton  and 
Co.  (HcDDERBFiELD),  LTD.,  and  A.  Brious.    February  16th. 

4  117.  "  Means  for  attaching  shades  to  electric  and  other  lamp  fittings." 
W.  B.  Ross.     February  18ih. 

-4,131.     "Rheostat."    T.  Ruocrs.    February  18th.    (Complete.) 

4,164,  "Order  telegraphs."  A.  B.  Pollen  and  H.  Isuubwood.  February 
18tb, 

4,197.    "Electro-magoetically  operated  diaphragms  for  producing  sound." 

B.  A.  Okaham.     February  18tb.     (('oni|ilcte.) 

4,225.  "  Device  for  holding  a  coil  or  cuils  of  insulated  or  other  wire  which  ie 
being  ased  in  the  instailiug  of  electric  ligbiiug,  bell  and  teltx'hone,  and  like 
systems."     H.  VV,  Brotherton.    February  19ih.  • 

4,230.    "  Electric  switches."    L.  Rasch.    February  19th. 

4,239.  "  Device  for  assisting  io  setting  or  timing  the  ignition  and  valves  of 
interual-combustion  engiues."  W.  H.  Leeke  and  A.  J.  E,  Wilesmiih,  Feb- 
ruary 19ih. 

4,256.  "  Electrical  signalling  apparatus  for  lifts  and  the  like."  Q.  A.  London. 
February  19lh. 

4,297.  "  Electric  mercury  switches."  T.  Guuber.  February  19lh.  (Com- 
plete.) 

4.344,  "Telephone  silent-speaking  apparatus."  F,  Hodoson.  February 
2eth. 

4.345.  "  Insulated  rail-joint  for  track  circuit  railway  signalling."  B.  C.  8. 
Woods.    February  20i,h. 

4.349.  "  Holders  for  testing  motor  sparking  plugs."  W.  T.  Lord. 
February  20th. 

4,355.    "  Electric  ozone  generators."    C.W.Denny.    February  20th. 

4,381.     "  Spark-plug^."    F.  R.  Blake.    February  20th.    (Complete.) 

4,383.    "  Electric  contacts."     E.  M.  Wildev.     February  20lb. 

4,31)0.  "  lutercommunication  telephone  systems."  Sterling  Telephone 
AND  liLECTBic  Co.,  LTD  ,  and  F.  Ci.  Bell.     Ftbiuary  20th. 

4.397.  "Lighting  fixtures."  British  Thomson-Hooston  Co.,  Ltd.  (General 
Electric  Co..  United  btates  )     February  20th. 

4.398.  "  Protective  devices  for  electric  distribution  systems."  British 
TiioisoN-HoUbTON  t,o,,  Ltd.  (Cileneral  Electric  Co.,  United  btates.)  February 
20lh. 

4,401.  "  Dynamo-electric  machines."  C.  Schlick.  February  20th.  (Com- 
plete.) 

4.405.  "Electric  typewriter."  R.Imme.  (Convention date,  February  27th,  1912, 
Austria.)    February  iOth.    (Complete.) 

4.406.  "  Electric  train  lighting."    O.  W.  Macartney.    February  2!st. 
4,425.  "  Signalling  apparatus  on  tramcars  and  the  like."  R.  Beaton.  February 

21st. 

4,462.    "  Incandescent  electric  lamps."    A.  A.  Barron,    February  21st. 

4,472  "  Electricity  prepayment  meters."  British  Insulated  and  Helsbv 
Cables,  Ltd.,  and  L.  B.  Wilson.     February  21fct. 

4,479.  "  Electrically-heated  cooking  and  like  utensils."  J.  Mann,  February 
31st.    (Complete.) 

4,499.  "Telephone  systems."  Automatic  Telephone  Mandfacturino  Co., 
Ltd.     (Automatic  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    February  21st.    (Complete.) 

4,502.     "  Telephone  attachment."    N.  Mabx.    February  21st. 

4.507.  "  Starting  switches  and  the  like  for  alternating  current  induction 
motors."  SiEUENS  Bros.  Dynamo  Wores,  Ltd.,  and  C.  Rodgers.  February 
Slat. 

4.508.  "  Ignition  systems."  C.  F.  Kettering.  (Convention  date,  March 
4th,  1912,  United  States.)    February  21st.    (Complete.) 

4,514.  "  Aerial  conductors  for  use  in  wireless  telegraphy."  Mabconi's  Wire- 
less Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd  ,  and  C.  S.  Franklin.    February  21st. 

4,528,  "Telephonic  apparatus."  H.  W.  Sullivan  and  C.  £.  Hay,  February 
33Dd, 

4,543.  "  Electrically  -  driven  secondary  clocks."  H,  Haycock  and  T. 
Sampsuh.    February  22nd. 

4,548.  "  Sparking  plugs  for  internal  combustion  engineB."  W.  Douglas 
(trading  as  Douglas  Brus.j.    Februaiy  22nd. 

4  573.  "  Electrical  instruments."  P.  W.  Scholefikld  and  Febbanti,  Ltd, 
February  22nd. 

4,584.  "  Selective  electric  signalling."  H.  B.  Harbison  and  C.  M.  Jacobs. 
February  r2ad. 

4,591.  "Automatic  electrical  switches."  Electric  Sign  Co.,  Ltd.,  and 
W.  K.  L.  Dickson.     February  22nd.    (Complete.) 

4,595.  "Magnetic  separator."  F.  Krupp  Akt-Ges.  Ordsonwebk.  (Con- 
tention date,  March  15tb,  1912,  Germany.)    February  23nd.    (Complete.) 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Crpies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messbs.  W.  p.  Thompson  &  Co.,  285,  High  Holborn,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford ;  price,  post  free,  9d,  (in  stamps), 

1912. 

Electbostatio  MAOHnnsB  fob  th«  Pboduction  of  Altebnatino  Cubbbnt.    W, 

Petersen.    9,442.    Janua'ySOtb. 
Electbio    Incamvebckmt    Lamps.      British    Thomson  Houston    Co.      (General 

Electric  Co.)    2,i68.    January  80th. 
Electhic  Alarm  Dkvicb  fob  Mrasdbino    Ihhtbumznts,     S.  Worliczka   and 

M.  blozar.    3,617.    January  81st. 


Siemens  Bros.  &  Co. 
(Addition  to  No.  2,320 


Means  for,  and  Methods  ok,  CHAitaiNa  and  Disciiabgino  Electric  Accumu- 
lators OR   Bkcondaby  Battebier.     a.   M.   Taylor.    2,680.    February  1st. 

(Cognate  application.  No.  13,834  of  1912.) 
Automatic  and  Semi-autohatio  Telephone  Cibouits.     Siemens  Bros,  &  Co, 

(Siemens  &  Halske  Akt.-Oes.)    2,(i71.    February  1st. 
Automatic  and  Semi-automatic  Telephone  Circuits. 

(Siemens  &  Balske  Akt.-Ges.)    2,G72.    February  1st. 

of  1912.) 
Self-excited    Dibect-Cubbsnt    Dynamo-electric     Machinery.      Akt.  -  Ges. 

Brown,  Boveri  &  Cie.    2,784.     February  2nd.    (February  aith,  1911.) 
Automatic  and  Semi-automatic  Telephone  Circuits.    Siemens  Bros.  &  Co. 

(Siemens  &  Balske  Akt.-Ges.)    3,743.    February  2nd,    (Addition  to  No,  3,820 

of  1913.) 
Starting  Geab  fob  Intebnal-combustion  Engines  and  other  Pbime  Movebs. 

H.  Leitner,    2,746.    February  2nd. 
Incandescence   Electric  Lamps,    A.  W,  Beuttell  and  J.  A.  Manners-Smith. 

3,099.     February  7th. 
Electric  Arc  Lamps.    Crompton  &  Co.  and  C.  Crompton.    3,397.     February 

10th. 
Electricity  Meters.     S.  Z.  de  Ferranti.    3,412.     Februai7  10th, 
Apparatus  for  Providing  Electric   Light  on  Motor  Road  Vehicles.    T. 

Clarkson  and  W.  J.  Aforison.    4,716.    February  26th. 
Electric  Incandescent  Lamps.    0.  F.  Btillman.    4,783.    February  26th. 
Couplino-up  of  Conduits  and  Fittings  for  Electrical  Wiring  Pubposbs. 

F.  L.  Yates.    6,146.    March  1st. 
Safety    Apparatus    for    Electbically- propelled    Teains.      Siemens    Bros. 

Dynamo  Woiks,  Ltd.,  and  F.  Lydall.    6,922.    March  20th. 

ELECTBO-MKCHANICAL   TFANfMISSION    SYSTEMS  FOE  VEHICLES.      H.  PiCpOr.      7,188. 

Maich23rd.    (April  29tb,  1911.) 
Sparking  Plugs  for  Internal-combustion  Engines.    M.  Rieez.    8,206.    April 

4th.     (April  5th,  1911.) 
Manufactche  uy  Electrolysis  of  Sheet-iron.    G.  Tischenko.    8,€68.    April 

13th. 
Electric  Cio.yr-Liohtebs.     L.  T.  Dixon.    8,077.    April  12th.  ^ 

M.iNUFACiURE  or  FooT  Step  or  Insulator  Bracket  for  Teleobaph  and  Like 

Poles.    H.  Lcnch,     10,600.    May  4th.     (Cognate  application.  No.  17,468  of 

1!'12.) 
Processes  of    Repairing  Electric  Incandescent    Lamps,     M,    Du  Moulin, 

12.784.  May  80th. 

Electhomechanical  Propulsion  Systems  for  Trains.     H.   Pieper.      13,288. 

June  5th.    (June  27th,  1911.) 
Self-contained    Key    Panel    for    Semi-automatic    Telephone    Exchanges. 

Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.     (Siemens  &  Halske  Akt.-Ges.)    13,415.    June  7lh. 
Electro  medical  Electrodes.    Siemens  &  Balske  Akt.-Ges.    13,416.    Junc7th. 

(August  aaih,  1911.) 
Electrodes  for  Arc  Lamps.    British  Thomson-Houston  Co.    (General  Electric 

Co.)    13,S)88.    June  16th. 
Mkihoiis  of  Drawing  Pine  Wires  of  Refbactoby  Metals.    K.  Farkas.    14,664. 

June2ind.    (June  23rd,  1911.) 
CoMuiNFi)  Eiectrio  bwiTiHEs  AND  Pluos.    A.  H.  Railing  and  C.  C.  Garrard. 

14.785.  June  25th. 

Process    for    the     Manufacture    of    Ibon    Alloys    for    Dvnamoeleotrio 

Purposes.    W.  Rubel.    15,682.    July  Srd.    (July  11th,  1911.    Addition  to 

No.  11!,483  of  1911.) 
Switches  FOR  Electric  Wiring  Systf  MS.    L.Milne.    16,066.    July  9th. 
Brackets  or  Pendants  for  Gas,  Electric  and  other  Lighting  Purposes. 

H.Perry.     16,119.    July  10th. 
Electrically  heatpd  Hot-air  Douches.     A.  Bchaeffer.     20,191.     September 

4th.     (December  23id,  lall.) 
Elecibic   Furnaces    for  Producing    Gas  Reactions.      H.    Pauling.     21,478. 

September  20th.     (October  24th,  1911.) 
Portable   Electrically -driven  Centrifugal  F.\ns.    8.  C.  Davidson,    22,049, 

September  27th. 


Radiator  Lainpliolders. — In  the  course  of  a  very  long 

letter,  received  too  late  for  use  last  week,  Mr.  G.  St.  John  Day,  of 
OWhara,  says  : — Experience  has  proved  that  a  screw  lampholder 
is  far  from  satisfying  the  requirements  of  the  application.  The 
troubles  are  not  confined  to  the  lampholders,  but  relate  also  to  the 
lamps  and  the  design  of  the  radiator.  Each  individual  part  has 
its  failinfrs,  and  when  fitted  together  the  whole  appliance  has 
faults,  and  these  individual  and  collective  faults  vary  in  degree 
with  makers,  contractors  and  users. 

The  foregoing  remarks  are  equally  applicable  to  other  types  of 
lampholders  such  as  B.C.,  two-pin  and  central  contact  lampholders. 
The  cleaner,  larger,  and  firmer  are  contacts,  joints,  ice,  the  better  ; 
the  best  conditions  then  prevail  and  yield  the  best  results.  There 
is  a  vast  field  of  opportunity  for  a  better  state  of  electrical  acces- 
sories in  many  ways.  Does  the  design  of  electrical  accessories 
compare  favourably  with  the  design  of  steam,  water  and  gas 
accessories  ? 

Some  of  the  correspondents  have  mentioned  the  Mumps  lamp- 
holder  as  a  solution  of  the  matter.  As  the  designer  and  patentee 
of  the  Mumps  lampholder  I  simply  state  a  few  facts  : — 

A.  A  current  of  10  amperes  at  440  volts  has  been  passed  through 
a  Mumps  holder  and  plug  in  connection  for  18  hours  continuously 
without  heating  or  breaking  down  of  insulation. 

B.  The  insulation  of  the  Mumps  holder  is  unique  and  extra 
strong. 

C.  The  adjustable  range  of  contact  is  not  only  new,  but  most 
desirable  and  effective. 

D.  Life  of  lamps  increased. 

E.  More  light  for  same  watts. 

F.  Maintenance  costs  reduced. 

G.  Hard  and  spring  contact  at  one  and  the  same  time. 

H.  Complete  security  and  rigidity  of  both  mechanical  and  elec- 
trical joints  unaffected  by  vibration. 

An    Everlasting:    "  Aurifra "    Lamp. — In    a    letter 

recently  received  by  the  Bbitisu  Westinohousf,  Electric  and 
Manukactcbino  Co.,  Ltd.,  the  writer  says:  "You  will  be  interfsted 
to  know  that  one  of  the  "Auriga"  metal-filament  lamps,  50  C.P., 
220  volts,  which  we  bought  from  you  in  February,  1910,  is  still 
burning,  and  has  been  in  use  continually  since  that  date,  averaging 
at  least  18  hours  per  day  for  the  three  years,  thus  burning  practically 
20,000  hours.  The  filament  is  quite  intact — not  having  been  '  joinwl 
across.' "' 

This  is  the  highest  record  that  hae  yet  come  to  our  notice. 


TJMB 


ELECTI^IC-A^Xj    I^.E^IE'VT' 


Vol.  LXXII. 


MARCH  14,  1913. 


No.  1,842. 


ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


Vol.  LXXII.] 


CONTENTS:  March  U,  1913. 


[No.  1,842. 
Page 


The  Personal  Factor  in  Engineerinfr       

The  "  Competent  Person  "... 
Manana 

Submarine  Transmission 

Liffnite  us  Station  Fuel 

The  Installation  of  Power-Factor  Indicators  (ilhis.^ 

Correspondence  : — 

Wireless  Tulofrraph  Patents 

Supply  to  Premiees  situate  outside  the  "Area  of  Supply 

Morse  Signalling'  on  Submarine  Cables 

Weak  Hearts  and  Electric  Shocks 

Heavy  Service  Lampholders  and  Adapters... 

Electric  Cooking  

Co-operative  Electrical  Campaign  in  America   ... 
New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (j,llus.) 

Legal 

Reviews         

BasinesB  Notes         

Notes 

City  Notes 

Stocks  and  Shares 

Market  Quotations 

Share  List  of  Electrical  CompanieB         

Trade  Statistics  of  Spain 

The  Proposed  Trolhitctan-Copenhagen  Transmission 

New  Wireless  Detectors  (tn««.) 

Payment  for  Contract  Work         

The  Means  for  Securing  Reliability  and  Maintaining  the  Con 

tinuity  of  Supply 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Internal  Combustion  Engines  ... 

Some  Factors  in  Parallel  Operation  (illvs.') 
Practical  Notes  on  Earthing  Factory  Apparatus 
Electrical  Transmission  of  Colour  Photographs  (J,U 
Notes  from  Canada ... 

Our  Les^al  Query  Column 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications 


117 
118 
•tl!) 
119 
119 
120 

422 
422 
123 
123 

423 
423 
421 
424 
420 
42S 
430 
438 
441 
44« 
446 
447 
449 
449 
450 
451 

452 

453 
455 
457 
458 
459 
459 
460 
460 


Contractors'  Column 


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THE  PERSONAL  FACTOR  IN 
ENGINEERING. 

Moi)Ei(.\  enfjinceriug,  und  particularly  electrical  engineering, 
has  reached  such  a  stage  of  definite  mathematical  prcciHion 
that  it  is  becoming  harder  and  harder  to  adju.st  the  mind  to 
allow  for  variations.  In  the  older  days,  when  estimating  was 
being  conducted,  it  was  a  very  common  practice  to  put  in  a 
very  substantial  proportion  of  the  total  lump  sum  for  con- 
tingencies, but  except  in  the  most  speculative  quotations, 
based  on  insufficient  data,  it  is  nowada3s  the  exception 
rather  than  the  rule  to  find  any  considerable  sums  allocated 
to  this  heading.  The  tendency  is  more  and  more  to  render 
everything  included  in  the  price  clear  and  definite,  the 
margins  being  cut  away.  This  is,  of  course,  the  inevitable 
result  of  the  keen-edged  competition  to  which  engineering 
and  electrical  industries  have  been  subjected  in  recent  years, 
as  well  as  of  the  clearer  definition  of  thought  due  to  the 
scientific  training  which  nearly  everyone  in  the  profession 
now  receives. 

Let  us  examine  a  little  more  closely  what  this  really  means. 
The  price  of  a  piece  of  engineering  work  depends  to  a  certain 
extent,  of  course,  on  that  of  raw  material,  and  here  a  certain 
amount  of  give  and  take  must  be  allowed  if  the  prices  under 
which  the  supply  is  regulated  are  not  sufficiently  stable. 
The  fluctuations  in  the  price  of  copper  are  an  example  of 
this  point.  When  once,  however,  the  material  is  delivered 
into  the  factory  it  is  then  subjected  stage  by  stage  to  pro- 
cesses, each  of  which  can  be  accurately  costed,  and  in  many 
cases  the  cost  can  be  predetermined  to  a  decimal,  until  finally 
we  obtain  the  finished  article.  Added  to  the  works  production 
cost  must  be  the  proper  allowance  for  depreciation  of  plant, 
selling  costs  and  the  margin  of  profit,  often  very  small, 
which  is  allowed,  together  with  establishment  charges,  and 
we  get  the  final  price  delivered  from  the  works.  All 
these  charges  can  be,  and  in  most  cases  are,  veiy 
definitely  ascertained,  and  it  is  manifestly  im- 
possible for  the  variations  between  price  and  price 
of  a  similar  article  made  by  different  firms  to  be  unreason- 
able. What  then  constitutes  the  determining  factor  or 
factors  which  sway  the  balance  between  one  firm  and  another, 
and  make  the  one  a  struggling  concern  for  which  orders  are 
hard  to  get,  while  the  other  becomes  a  prosperous  and  in- 
creasingly important  undertaking  '; 

It  is  sometimes  stated  that  a  good  deal  of  this  difference 
is  due  to  special  features  in  a  machine  protected  by  patents  : 
but  while  undoubtedly  the  foundation  of  many  firms' 
prosperity  lies  in  their  pioneering  work,  it  can  hardly  be 
argued  that  any  firm  can  exist  for  very  long  periods, 
either  wholly  or  in  the  main  part,  on  patents.  For  one  thing 
either  a  patent,  as  soon  as  it  becomes  valuable,  becomes 
hotly  contested  as  to  validity,  or  the  ingenuity  of  competitors 
rapidly  devises  something  which  is  sufficiently  close  to  the 
patent  to  render  the  balance  of  advantage  very  small.       It 


[417] 


418 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.72.   no.i,842,  maech  n,  1913. 


Las  generally  been  found  that  a  firm  which  makes  its  name 
on  patented  articles  utilises  the  name  and  does  a  larger  pro- 
portion of  its  business  on  the  general  run  of  engineering 
work  in  which  there  is  open  competition.  A  good  deal  of 
success,  of  course,  depends  on  engineering  the  organisation 
with  a  view  to  economy.  This  is  largely  a  matter  of  per- 
sonality, and  with  this  we  wish  to  deal  further  in  another 
paragraph.  Obsolete  and  obsolescent  plant  does  much  to 
handiaip  a  firm  in  the  production  of  work,  but  over  and 
above  these  causes  we  would  like  to  make  the  assertion  that 
in  a  great  many  instances  the  determining  factor  in  the 
success  or  failure  of  a  firm  is  simply  sheer  personality,  and 
ciinnot  be  expressed  in  any  mathematical  equation  or 
determined  in  £  s.  d. 

It  is  this  personal  factor  which  we  are  to-day  very  largely 
in  danger  of  forgetting,  but  it  is  worth  while  remembering 
what  this  means.  Let  us,  -for  example,  take  a  supposititious 
case.  Suppose  there  are  two  firms,  each  of  which  manufao- 
tures,  or  is  capable  of  manufacturing,  the  same  article  at  the 
same  price  to  the  same  specification.  Let  us  further  sup- 
pose that  the  specification  is  rigid  enough  to  indicate  clearly 
in  the  ordinary  way  of  commerce  exactly  what  is  required. 
Let  us,  however,  suppose  that  the  first  firm  has  a  reputation 
for  straightforward  dealing  and  a  clean  record  so  far  as  any 
attempted  evasion  of  its  responsibilities  is  concerned,  while 
the  second  firm  somehow  or  other  has  obtained  a  repu- 
tation not  for  any  overt  act  placing  it  outside  the  line  of 
honourable  firms,  tout  for  a  general  meanness  and  petti- 
fogging spirit  which  quibbles  at  every  point  possible  in  order 
to  make  an  insignificant  addition  to  its  profit.  The  two 
articles  as  produced  might  or  might  not  be  identical,  but  there 
is  the  danger  in  the  second  place  that  the  specification  might 
have  left  some  matter  vague,  and  that  this  would  be  seized 
upon  by  the  second  firm,  while  if  the  work  were  given  to  the 
first  firm  it  would  be  understood  that  on  a  reasonable 
explanation  being  given  the  firm  would  not  quibble,  but  would 
do  its  best  for  its  own  name's  sake  to  give  the  fullest 
possible  satisfaction  to  the  buyer.  Is  there  any  doubt  as  to 
the  direction  in  which  the  order  would  be  placed  r  The 
difference  in  the  firms  is  impalpable.  It  cannot  be  ex- 
pressed in  any  accurate  terms,  but  the  value  of  the 
personality  of  the  firm  here  means  all  the  difiference  between 
bsing  and  getting  the  order. 

Take  another  case.  Two  firms  may  both  be  absolutely 
reliable  so  far  as  the  product  is  concerned.  They  may  have 
a  reputation  for  straightforward  deajing,  and  both  may  be 
looked  upon  as  competent  manufacturers.  Suppose,  however, 
that  one  has,  either  through  takirg  on  more  work  than  the 
works  could  turn  out  conveniently,  or  from  any  other  cause 
caused  disappointment  to  its  customers  in  time  of  delivery 
while  the  other  has  not  so  disappointed  people.  The  first 
firm  will  then  have  an  uncertain  character  as  regards  delay, 
and  in  many  cases  even  where  time  is  not  the  essence  of  a 
contract,  the  order,  other  things  being  equal,  will  in  all  prol)a- 
bility  go  to  the  firm  which  has  kept  up  to  the  mark.  Here, 
again,  a  very  small  difference  in  personal  character  will  make 
all  the  difference  between  success  and  failure. 

Putting  it  in  another  way,  there  is  surrounding  every 
firm  a  more  or  less  nelnilous  character  which  everybody  in 
the  running  knows  and  which  nobody  is  able  to  define. 
It  is  stated  that  the  limited  liability  company  has  neither 
a  soul  to  be  saved  nor  a  body  to  be  kicked,  but  from  a  busi- 


ness point  of  view  it  has  a  definite  personality  which  deter- 
mines business.  It  may  seem  that  we  have  rather  laboured 
the  point,  but  for  the  honour  of  the  profession  we  are  anxious 
that  it  should  be  remembered  that  everyone  from  the 
manager  to  the  head  of  the  smallest  department  is  invested 
with  a  responsibility  as  regards  the  building-up  of  a 
coriwrate  individuality  for  the  firm  with  which  he  is 
connected.  This  individuality  is  a  matter  of  slow  growth 
and  often  slow  decay.  The  individual  atoms  composing  the 
substance  of  a  firm  may  from  time  to  time  change,  and  with 
them,  to  some  extent,  the  personality  of  the  firm,  but,  as  a 
rule,  corporate  personality  is  longer  lived  than  individual 
jiersonality,  and  hence  its  effect  on  the  status  of  the  profession 
as  a  whole  is  the  more  persistent  and  marked.  We  have,  from 
time  to  time,  had  occasion  to  remark  on  the  tendency  towarc's 
the  lowering  of  the  status  of  the  profession  induced  by 
the  keenness  of  competition.  Rules  and  regulations  have 
been  made  and  broken,  but  in  the  long  run  it  comes  back  to 
a  point  of  moral  standing.  The  personality  of  a  firm,  which 
means  ultimately  its  standing  in  the  profession,  depends  on 
the  cumulative  personalities  of  the  individuals  composing  it, 
and  the  standing  of  the  profession  in  turn  ultimately  de])ends 
upon  the  personalities  of  the  firms  composing  it.  From  this 
point  of  view,  therefore,  we  claim  that  the  moral  virtues 
inculcated  by  the  great  philosophers  of  all  time  are  obligatory 
from  a  commercial  standpoint,  and  we  also  claim  that  they 
exercise  a  direct  and  not  very  far  removed  effect  on  the 
fortunes  of  individual  firms  and  of  the  profession  as  a  whole. 
These  moral  qualities  cannot  be  expressed  by  mathematics. 
They  are  apt  to  be  overlooked,  but  nevertheless  they  arc  so 
important  that  we  cannot  refrain  from  emphasising  them. 


THE   "COMPETENT   PERSON." 

Some  astonishing  evidence  was  given  at  an  inquest  in 
]\Iansfield  on  Friday  last.  A  boy  of  14,  employed  under- 
ground, was  killed  by  an  electric  shock  obtained  by  touching 
the  metal  guard  of  a  lamp,  which  had  become  charged  due 
to  a  shaip  corner  of  the  fitting  cutting  through  the  insulation 
and  making  metallic  contact  with  the  live  conductor.  The 
circuit  was  apparently  one  of  440  volts  a.c,  feeding 
four  110-volt  lamps  in  series.  A  number  of  these 
series  were  used  about  the  workings.  The  unfortunate 
boy,  quite  casually,  while  in  conversation  with  two 
chums,  and  with  no  mischievous  intent,  touched  the 
fitting,  which  was  not  earthed  ;  he  fell  down,  exclaimed 
"  Ah  I "  or  "  Aye ! "  when  asked  if  he  had  got  a 
shock,  breathed  a  few  times  and  lost  consciousness ; 
although  artificial  respiration  was  persevered  with  for  a 
long  period,  he  did  not  re^  ive.  The  colliery  manager,  in 
giving  evidence,  stated  that  the  electrician  was  under  the 
impression  that  the  circuit  was  a  110-volt  one.  The 
"electrician  "  was  called,  and  stated  that  he  had  had  10  years' 
experience,  but  possessed  no  certificates.  He  said  that  the 
question  whether  the  circuit  was  above  or  below  the 
standard  of  low  pressure  laid  down  by  the  Home  Office 
rules  was  a  disputed  one.  The  colliery  manager  stated  that  j 
they  employed  the  best  people  they  could  get.  1 

Pertinent  questions  were  put,  and  observations  made,  by  ' 
the  Coroner  and  the  Home  Office  Inspector  on  these  facts. > 
The  jury  brought  in  a  verdict  of  "Accidental  death,"  and  v 
.  added  no  rider. 

It  was,  of  course,  obvious  that  the  colliery  comjjany,  like 
so  many  others,  had  taken  no  real  pains  to  ensure  that  the 
■'  electrician  "   was  competent.     The  fatality  would  certainly 


I 


Vul.  72.     No.  I, MIL',  Maikjii   1 1,  19i:i.J 


TFII<]    KTiECrrRICAfi    UllVII-.VV. 


4):i 


not  liiive  oociiricd  if  Llic  I  Ionic  Ollico  rule  as  Lo  cartliing  hud 
been  coniiiliwl  wibli. 

According,'  Lo  Liu;  n'|iorL  of  Llie  inciuimL  in  the  Nollingham 
lurniiiii  I'osI,  tlic  inaniijjer  of  Llie  colliery  Huid  that  tla; 
electrician  con8i(l(>red  tliis  circnit  to  be  one  of  110  volts, 
but  he  hiaiaelf  had  tested  the  circuit  since,  and  found  the 
voltajje  to  be  110.  "■  Foinxr'  is  fjood  :  we  admire  the 
artless  simplicity  whicii  is  almost  surprised  to  "  fmd  "  that 
four  ones  make  four— while  we  d<;])lore  the  fact  LliaL  nothirif^ 
short  of  the  loss  of  human  life  suiliced  to  drive  home  this 
simple  lesson.  But  a  representative  of  the  colliery  company 
went  further,  and  submitted  that  there  was  something'  to  be 
said  for  the  view  which  the  electrician  took,  and  the  colliery 
manager  said  it  was  not  a  case  of  neglect  on  the  part  of  the 
electrician.  It  was,  in  point  of  fact,  pure  ignoraiuie,  and 
the  whole  thing  hinges,  as  usual,  on  the  definition  of  a 
"  competent  person." 

In  that  district,  and  no  doubt  others,  there  are  scores  of 
lads  who  have  been  taken  on  by  wireman  contractors,  having 
picked  up  the  "trade"  of  running  lighting  wires  in  tubes, 
and  posing  as  "electricians,"  they  get  on  for  (|uite  a  long  time 
without  the  slightest  real  understanding  of  the  principles  of 
oloctrical  science.     Such  things  always  lead  to  trouble. 


MaAana 1 


Thk  statistics  published  on  another 
page  relating  to  electrical  imports  into 
Spain  are  worthy  of  study,  as  showing  the  rapid  advance 
that  is  being  made  in  German  electrical  exports  to  that 
country.  If  any  of  us  were  inclined  to  take  Consular  comfort 
from  the  statement  recently  issued  from  Barcelona  concerning 
the  poor  quality  of  German  electrical  manufactures  and  the 
willingness  of  the  Spaniard  to  welcome  British  goods  instead 
if  we  wouW  push  them  there,  these  figures  must  fill  us  with 
pangs  of  regret  that  we  were  not  there  first.  Several  years 
ago  we  referred  to  Spain  as  being  practically  virgin  soil 
electrically,  but  there  has  been  a  marked  British  disinclination 
to  embark  upon  enterprise  on  the  other  side  of  the  Pyrenees. 
German  firms,  however,  established  a  complete  electrical 
organisation  covering  the  most  important  points  in 
the  country,  and  the  1911  returns  show  with  what 
excellent  results  their  efforts  have  been  attended :  and 
though  British  quality  may  tell,  in  the  long  run,  to  some 
extent,  it  is  no  good  trusting  to  that  possibility  alone  in 
presence  of  very  active  competitors,  who,  as  experience  is 
showing,  are  aggressive  and  price-cutting  in  their  efforts  to 
discourage  competition  and  secure  an  early  and  substantial 
footing  in  foreign  markets.  It  is  unlikely  that  British 
manufactures  will  to-day  sell  themselves  anywhere  on  the 
mere  basis  of  quality.  The  existence  of  a  poor  quality  can 
only  be  recognised  in  comparison  with  the  availability  on 
the  spot  of  something  better.  A  Consul  may  know  that 
British  manufactures  are  superior,  and  so  may  we,  but  how 
can  such  knowledge  assist  us  unless  the  Spanish  buyer  or 
user  himself  has  it  strongly  and  persistently  impressed  upon 
his  mind  ?  Either  through  indifference,  disinclination,  or 
else  through  being  too  much  occupied  with  other  markets,  we 
appear  to  have  let  our  rivals  have  things  pretty  much  their 
own  way. 

The  figures  may  be  allowed  to  speak  for  themselves,  but 
they  show  that  in  some  classes  we  have  actually  lost  ground 
while  German  totals  have  leaped  forward,  and  the  least  that 
we  can  hope  for  as  the  result  of  their  study  and  analysis  is 
that  they  will  awaken  us  to  the  necessity  for  ending  our 
apathy  and  entering  upon  the  aggressive  way. 


The   particulars   which    we    give   this 

Submarine  i  j-       .i  •    ^  j  j.  •    • 

Transmission.    ^^^^  regarding  the  projected  transmission 

of  energy  from   Sweden  to  Denmark  are 

of  special  interest,  as  this  is,  we  believe,  the  first  instance  in 

which   it   has   been   seriously    proposed   to   transmit   large 

quantities  of  energy  at  high  pressure  through  long  submarine 

cables.     The  total  distance  is  over  200  miles,  so  that  in  this 

respect  alone   the  scheme  would    be    unique    in   Europe, 


without   itK  otiior  exceptional   fcatorcH  ;    the  dlHtunc*.-  from 
shore  to  shore  is  about  .!/>  miles. 

The  respective  mcritH  of  direct  and  ttlt<Tnating  current 
were  tiikon  into  consideration  by  the  c.viKirtH  of  the  HwcflJHh 
Government  in  preparing  the  eHtimatcH.  and,  not  for  the  lirst 
time,  high-pressure  d.c.  was  founri  Ui  offer  marked  advan- 
tages over  three-phase  transmission.  'I'iie  fact  that  flnbmarine 
cable  for  '.10,000  volts  D.r.  can  be  obtained  is  of  CHpeciai 
interest,  while  the  highest  practicable  thr(*-phase  prcHsare 
for  this  part  of  the  line  is  20,000  volts,  bo  that  the  former 
has  here  a  very  great  advantage  ;  and,  apart  from  this, 
a  D.c.  line,  for  equal  maximum  voltage,  is  necessarily  far 
cheaper  than  any  A.c.  line  can  be.  Furtiier,  experience 
ap])ear8  to  leave  no  room  for  doubt  that  a  given  line  will  in 
point  of  fact  withstand  a  much  greater  dielectric  stress  when 
the  pressure  is  continuous  than  wh(!n  it  is  alternating,  so 
that  here  again  the  d.c  system  has  the  advantage.  The  only 
dilliculty  appears  to  reside  in  the  generators  and  motors  ; 
we  (juestion  whether  there  is  real  gi-ound  for  objection  to  the 
system  on  this  account,  but  it  would  seem  that  if  a  method 
could  be  found  of  generating,  say,  20,000  volts  in  a  single 
machine,  a  considerable  impulse  would  be  given  to  the 
system. 


Thi;    use   of    lignite  for   the   firing  of 

Dx  i?      T,     ■      boilers  in  generating  stations  is  attracting 
Station  Fuel.  ,  "  .     ".      ,  . 

increased  attention  in  Germany,  particu- 
larly in  the  left  Rhenish  district.  It  is  claimed  that  the 
erection  of  stations  adjoining  the  deposits  of  lignite,  which  is 
worked  from  the  suiface,  dried,  or  partly  dried,  in  apparatus 
and  pressed  into  bricjuettes,  permits  of  the  production  of 
electric  power  at  an  exceptionally  low  cost.  It  was  for  this 
reason  that  the  Berggeist  supply  station  was  established 
several  years  ago  near  Bruhl,  whence  a  supply  of  energy  is 
furnished  to  a  considerable  distance.  The  station,  which  in 
the  meantime  has  been  taken  over  by  the  great  Rhenish- 
Westphalian  Electricity  Works  Co.,  of  Essen,  which  also 
possesses  pit-coal  works  on  the  colliery  site,  delivered 
25,800,000  KW.-hours  in  1912.  Now  the  Rhenish- 
Westphalian  Co.  has  started  the  building  of  another 
large  station  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Ver.  Ville  lignite  mine 
belonging  to  the  Iloddergrube.  Two  steam  turbines,  each  of 
15,000  KW.,  will  be  installed  at  first  including  boilers, 
the  cost  is  estimated  at  £175,000,  and  a  lengthy  contract 
has  been  concluded  with  the  mine  owners  for  the  supply  of 
fuel.  The  station  will  supply  current  to  the  network  of 
cables  which  the  Rhenish- Westphalian  Co.  possesses  in  the 
district  of  Cologne  and  beyond,  and  energy  for  electrolytic 
purposes  is  also  to  be  furnished  to  a  chemical  works  to  be 
built  on  the  Rhine.  A  third  instance  is  that  of  the  Rhenish 
Lignite  District  Electricity  Works  Co.,  which  was  constituted 
in  1910,  and  has  contracts  for  the  delivery  of  energy  to 
Cologne,  Mulheim,  and  other  places.  The  first  plant 
was  of  ^,000  K\v.  :  a  second  generating  set  of  8,000  KW. 
is  now  being  put  into  service,  and  a  third  wijl  be  ready  on 
October  1st,  making  a  total  of  24,000  KW.  It  is 
expected  that  the  output  will  amount  to  25,000,000 
Kw.-hours  this  year,  without  taking  into  consideration 
the  annual  supply  of  10,000,000  Kw.-hours  which 
has  been  contracted  for,  for  a  chemical  works  to  be 
erected  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  generating  station  on 
behalf  of  the  Metal  Bank  and  Metallurgical  Co.,  of  Frank- 
fort-on-Main.  A  fourth  example  relates  to  the  decision  to 
establish  on  the  site  of  the  Zukunft  lignite  mine,  neai- 
Eschweiler,  a  station  capable  of  dealing  with  30,000,000 
KW\-hours  per  annum,  by  way  of  a  beginning,  and  of  this 
quantity  agreements  have  already  been  made  for  the  dis- 
posal of  two-thirds  at  appropriate  prices.  Apart,  however, 
from  these  developments,  it  has  to  be  remembered  that  the 
generating  station  which  supplies  power  for  the  working  of 
the  Dessau- lUtterfeld  railway  utilises  lignite  as  boiler  fuel, 
and  brown  coal  is  also  projected  for  the  power  stations  in 
connection  with  the  conversion  of  the  Berlin  railways  to 
electric  traction. 


420 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,812,  March  14,  191;^. 


THE     INSTALLATION     OF     POWER-FACTOR 
INDICATORS. 


By  LEONARD  MURPHY.  M.I.E.E.,  A.M.I.Mech.E. 


It  lias  now  become  recognised  that  an  instrument  for  showing 
the  power-factor  of  any  machine  or  circuit  is  quite  a 
necessity  on  systems  dealing  with  large  amounts  of  power, 
and  there  is  every  probability  that  in  the  near  future  the 
use  of  power-factor  indicators  will  extend  to  every  circuit  in 
which  the  power  factor  is  capable  of  regulation.  The 
advantages  of  being  able  to  work  machines  or  cables  at 
unity  power  factor  are  now  well  understood,  and  engineers 
invest  capital  in  regulating  apparatus  for  the  express  purpose 
of  obtaining  this  condition.  At  other  times  it  may  be 
desirable  to  obtain  a  leading  current,  but  in  every  case  the 
full  advantage  can  only  be  obtained  from  the  regulating 
gear  when  the  resulting  power  factor  can  be  read  at  a  glance 
from  one  instrument. 

Tlie  function  of  a  power-factor  indicator  is  fundamentally 
to  show  the  angle  between  the  pressure  and  current  in  the 
circuit,  and  tliis  may  be  shown  by  a  scale  of  electrical 
degrees  if  desired,  but  most  engineers  wish  to  know  chiefly 
the  relation  between  the  actual  current  which  is  being 
employed  and  the  minimum  possible  current  for  the 
corresponding  power,  i.i\,  with  unity  power  factor.  For 
this  reason  the  scales  are  usually  marked  directly  in  values 
of  power  factor  or  the  cosine  of  the  angle  of  phase  difference, 
but  in  a  well-designed  instrument  the  angular  deflection  of 
the  pointer  should  be  approximately  a  direct  measure  of  the 
phase  angle.  This  design  also  leads  to  an  open  scale  for 
power  factor  in  the  region  of  the  unity  point,  which  is 
certainly  desirable.  The  type  of  scale  referred  to  is  illus- 
trated by  the  instrument  shown  in  fig.  1.  The  scale  of 
electrical  degrees  is  also  shown  on  this  instrument,  and  it 
will  be  observed  that  this  is  nearly  uniformly  divided. 


Fig.  1. — Thrke-i-ha.se  Unbalanced-Load  Power-Factor 
isdicatob. 


These  instruments  are  obtainable  for  all  single  and  poly- 
phase circuits,  and  in  the  latter  case  may  either  be  suitable 
for  measuring  the  phase  relation  between  one  of  the  line 
currents  only  and  the  corresponding  pressure,  or  for  obtain- 
ing the  average  power  factor  of  the  whole  circuit,  having 
due  regard  to  the  magnitude  as  well  as  the  phase  relation  of 
the  current  in  each  line.  When  the  load  consists  entirely 
of  motors,  the  currents  in  all  the  lines  will  be  e(jual,  and  a 
balanced-load  type  of  instrument,  which  operates  only  on 
one  line  current,  is  sufficient;  but  in  determining  the  power 
factor  of  a  mixed  load,  one  should  cither  employ  as  many 
instruments  as  there  are  phases,  or  adopt  the  type  which 
depends  for  its  reading  on  all  tlie  line  currents.  Home 
engineers  prefer  the  former  method  when  dealing  with  un- 
Vjalanced  loads,  as  the  indications  of  the  instruments  give 
information  as  to  the  manner  in  which  the  load  sliould  be 
distributed  when  making  further  connections  to  the  mains  ; 
but  the  single  instrument  giving  an  average  result  will 
meet  the  requirements  of  the  majority  of  c^ses. 

Fig.  1  is  actually  an  illustration  of  an  instrument  of  the 
unbalanced-load  type.  In  designing  this  particular  type,  the 
makers  had  in  mind  what  may  be  termed  the  average  effective 
power  factor. 


If  one  considers  a  three-phase  star-connected  load  in 
which  c'l,  C'a,  Cj  are  the  currents  and  ^,,  0^,  ^,,  are  the 
angles  of  phase  difference  between  each  of  the  currents  and 
their  respective  applied  pressures  (taken  from  line  to  neutral 
point),  the  average  power  factor  is — 

cos  ^,  -I-  cos  02  -f-  cos  ^3 


3 

But  an  indicator  which  gives  the  value  of  this  expression 
is  of  little  practical  use,  since  the  power  factor  is  only  of 
importance  when  considered  in  conjunction  with  the  current 
to  'which  it  actually  refers.  The  unbalanced-load  instru- 
meiit  mentioned  above  gives  a  reading  whose  value  is 
approximately — 

C,'  cos  0,    -I-   C.^  cos  »,  -I-  C3  COS  »3 

c,   +  c,  -f   c, 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  reading  of  this  instrument  is 
not  unduly  affected  by  the  power  factor  of  a  very  lightly 
loaded    phase.      When    using    thi-ee    instruments    of    the 


A  and  B,  potential  coils  on  rotor ;  B,  resistance  in  scries  with  coil  a  ; 
L,  inductance  in  series  with  coil  B, 

Fig.  2.— Diagram  of  Single-Phase  Power-Factor  Indicator. 


balanced  type  on  a  three-phase  unbalanced  load,  the  mind 
involuntarily  averages  out  the  readings  without  regard  to 
the  relative  values  of  the  phase  currents,  and  this  is  apt  to 
be  misleading. 

It  may  also  be  pointed  out  that  the  unbalanced  type  can 
readily  be  provided  with  a  switching  arrangement  whereby 
any  two  phases  can  be  made  inoperative  on  the  current  side  of 
the  instrument.  By  this  means  it  is  possible  to  obtain 
readings  of  the  power  factor  of  each  phase  independently, 
as  well  as  the  average  effective  value  of  the  whole  system, 
with  the  advantage  that  the  readings  are  all  given  on  one 
instrument,  and  only  one  scale  is  used. 

Power-factor  indicators  are  also  extremely  useful  in  the  test- 
room  and  laboratory.  By  their  aid,  it  is  possible  to  test  a 
machine  or  a  meter  under  definite  conditions  of  power  factor, 
this  bemg  practically  impossible  by  any  other  means.  The 
results  obtainable  are  quite  as  accurate  as  those  given  by  the 
best  class  of  deflectional  wattmeters,  and  form  a  ready  check 
on  the  combined  readings  of  voltmeter,  ammeter,  and  watt- 
meter, when  these  are  also  used. 

Aition. — The  operation  of  a  power-factor  indicator  ft, 
dependent  on  the  ioteraction  of  two  magnetic  fields,  one  of 
which  is  generated  by  a  set  of  fixed  coils,  and  the  other  by 
a  set  of  coils,  which  are  either  carried  by  the  moving  system, 
or  are  fixed  in  such  a  way  that  they  produce  the  same  result 
as  though  they  were  so  carried.  One  of  the  fields  rotates, 
as  in  an  induction  motor,  while  the  other  may  either  be 
rotating,  or  simply  a  fixed-position  alternating  field. 

In  single-phase  instruments,  the  windings  which  c-arry  the 
current  are  usually  fixed  and  produce  a  simple  alternating 
field,  while  a  two-phase  rotating  field  is  produced  by  the 
moving  coils.  These  are  two  fine-wire  coils,  and  carry 
currents  obtained  by  connecting  a  high  resistance  in  series 
with  one,  and  a  choking  coil  in  series  with  the  other  across 
the  potential.  A  clear  idea  of  the  way  in  which  this  type 
of  instrument  operates  may  be  obtained  from  fig.  2.  It 
should  be  noted  that  the  moving  portion  is  entirely  free 
from  control  by  springs  or  weights,  so  that  until  current 


I 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,HI-',  Maucii  II,  1!(l:(. 


TIIK    ELECTKICAL    J{l<:vr.<:\V. 


4'21 


iind  preH8iir(!  arc  a])|(lic(I  to  tlie  respective  elements,  the 
pointer  takes  up  no  delinite  [Kjaition  on  the  scale. 

.Suppose  that,  lirst  of  all,  the  coiineetion  throii^'h  the 
<'hoker  to  the  eoil  n  is  left  broken  ;  the  eurrent  passiiifi; 
throu^'h  A  will  {generate  u  maf,nictic  field,  and  this  will  turn 
the  inovcnienfc  into  the  position  in  which  it  is  shown,  since, 
in  this  position,  its  field  is  in  lin<!  with  that  of  th(!  current 
coils.  The  force  tcndin},'  to  hold  it  in  this  position  will  he 
a  ma.xiinuni  when  the  current  in  coil  a  is  in  phase  with  that 
in  the  fixed  coils,  and  the  force  will  diminish  to  zero,  when 
the  current  in  the  fixed  coils  is  '.)0'  out  of  phase  with  that 
in  A.  Similar  results  will  be  produced  if  the  coil  ii  is  con- 
nected, and  A  disconnected,  except  that  the  movement  must 
turn  through  '.10 '  in  order  to  bring  the  axis  of  the  coil  li 
into  line  with  that  of  the  fixed  coils.  Now,  it  will  be 
evident  that  if  l)oth  A  and  li  are  connected,  the  moving 
system  must  take  up  some  intermediate  j)osition  depending 
on  the  relati\c  values  of  the  components  of  the  currents  in  A 
and  It,  which  are  in  phase  with  the  current  in  the  fixed  coils. 
Hut  it  will  be  noted  that  since  the  current  in  A  is  derived 
from  the  potential,  through  a  circuit  composed  almost 
entirely  of  resistance,  it  may  be  regarded  as  being  in  phase 
with  the  potential,  while,  since  the  circuit  which  supplies  li 
is  very  highly  inductive,  the  current  in  n  will  lag  approxi- 
mately !)0  electrical  degrees  behind  the  potential.  Hence, 
the  position  of  the  pointei'  will  depend  on  how  nearly  the 
current  in  tlic  fixed  coils  is  in  phase  with  the  current  in  .\ 
(and  with  the  pressure),  and  out  of  phase  with  the  current 
in  B.  When  the  power  factor  of  the  circuit  is  unity,  the 
axis  of  A  will  be  in  line  -with  the  axis  of  the  fixed  coils,  and 
the  force  on  b  will  be  nothing  ;  when, the  power  factor  is  zero, 
coil  B  will  come  into  line,  and  the  force  on  a  will  be  zero. 

Now  it  will  be  noted  that  the  combined  effect  of  the  two 
coils  forming  the  moving  system  is  really  to  produce  a 
rotating  field,  and  to  some  minds  it  is  easier  to  dispense 
with  any  consideration  of  the  action  of  each  coil  and 
simply  remember  that  the  axis  of  the  rotating  field  must 
coincide  with  the  axis  of  the  alternating  field  produced  by 
the  fixed  coils  at  the  instant  that  the  latter  is  at  its  maxi- 
mum. The  angular  position  of  the  rotating  field,  with 
reference  to  the  coils  a  and  b,  is  definite  in  its  relation  to 
the  instantaneous   value  of  the  applied  pressure,  while  the 


-  c  T,  cnrient  transfoimeis ;  p  T,  potential  transformers;  Cj,  c^,  O3,  carrent- 
coil  terminals,  supply  side  ;  c^l,  Cjl,  C3L.  current-coil  teiininals,  load  side  ; 
V31  Vi,  Vj,  potential-coil  terminals  ;  R^,  R2,  itj.  resistances  in  series  with 
potential  coils. 

Fig.  3.— Connections  for  Thbee-Phase  Unbalanced-Load 
Poweb-Factor  Indicator. 

instant  at  which  the  current  attains  its  maximum  value  in 
the  fixed  coils  depends  for  its  relation  to  the  applied  pres- 
sure on  the  power  factor  of  the' circuit.  The  acceptance  of 
this  form  of  explanation  makes  the  consideration  of  poly- 
phase instruments  much  easier,  as  in  these  instruments  no 
phase  splitting  is  used.  The  rotating  field  is  obtained  by 
connecting  a  high  resistance  to  each  line  and  to  one  end  of 
■each  pressure  coil  and  then  forming  a  star  point  at  the 
other  ends  of  these  coils.  The  geometric  angle  between  the 
coils  on  the  moving  system  is  the  same  as  the  electrical  angle 
between  the  phases,  i.e.,  00°  for  a  two-phase  instrument  and 
120"  for  a  three-phase.  n 

Itiis  not  essential  that  the  rotating  field  should  be  pro- 
duced by  the  moving  coils,  it  being  quite  common  practice, 
for  example,  to  use  three  fixed  current  coils  for  this  purpose 
on  three-phase  circuits.  When  the  instrument  is  intended  to 
work  on  unbalanced  loads,  both  the  current  and  the  pressure 
coils  are  arranged  so  as  to  produce  rotating  fields.  The 
movement  then  takes  up  a  position  depending  oa  their 
relative  instantaneous  positions. 


('(Di/iei /ini/-iiji  I'oiii'i-Fdi lor  IntlintloiH. —  Kngin<*rH  who 
have  iiiHtalled  th(!HC  IriHtriimcntH  on  i>olyj>huH«-  circuiUi  have 
generally  found  that  it  is  possible  Uj  wjiine'.t  n|)  in  many 
ways  before  hitting  on  the  ct)rre<:t  one,  and  m  tin;  prcx««« 
of  trying  different  methods  is  apt  to  be  a  long  and  tedious 
one,  it  is  hoped  that  the  following  not«;s  mayasHist  in  getting 
the  ct)rrect  connections  as  quickly  as  f)OH.sible.  Fig.  :;  hIiowb 
a  diagram  of  connections  for  a  thiee-phaKe  unbulanwd-loa<l 
power-fuctor  indicator  w(irking  off  current  and  [jotential 
transformers.  Two  of  each  kinrl  of  transformer  are  shown 
in  the  diagram,  as  this  is  the  minimum  nnmljcr  from 
which  one  can  obtain  a  true  copy  of  all  the  line  current* 
and  potentials;  but,  of  (Xiurse,  three  of  each  may  be  in- 
stalled if  desired.  From  this  diagram  one  may  trace  the 
following  possible  sources  of  wrong  connectit^ns  ; — 

(rt)  Transformers  may  be  conne(;ted  wrongly  with  regard  to 
the  instantaneous  relative;  ])olarity  of  primary  and  secondary. 

{b)  The  order  in  which  the  phases  attain  their  maximum 
value  may  not  be  the  same  as  that  for  which  the  instrument 
has  been  constructed.  This  may  occur  on  either  the  current 
side  or  pressure  side,  or  both. 

(f)  A  terminal  or  pair  of  terminals  on  the  instrument, 
which  corresponds  to  a  certain  phase  either  on  the  pressure 
or  current  windings,  may  be  connected  to  some  other  phase, 
although  the  order  of  the  phases  mentioned  at  (b)  may  be 
correct. 

To  this  list  one  might  add  such  slips  as  amnecting 
current  leads  to  the  pressure  terminals,  omitting  to  insert  an 
external  resistance  box  when  this  forms  part  of  the  instru- 
ment, iVrc,  but  these  are  obvious  mistakes,  and  would  be 
apparent  immediately  the  connections  were  checked  before 
switching  on  the  current. 

With  regard  to  {a),  transformers  are  usually  marked  by 
the  makers  in  such  a  way  that  the  currents  from  the 
secondary  are  instantaneously  the  same  in  direction  as  would 
be  obtained  if  no  transformers  were  used  and  the  instrument 
were  directly  connected  up  in  place  of  the  primaries.  This 
means  that  if  the  primary  and  secondary  windings  are 
similar  in  geometric  direction,  the  ends  of  the  secondaries 
must  be  crossed  over  each  other.  The  potential  trans- 
formers may  be  tested  in  their  relation  to  each  other  by 
checking  the  voltages  on  each  secondary  and  across  the  two 
outer  terminals  —  i.e.,  sVj  —  sv,,  .•^  Vj  —  .sv,,  and 
s  V3  —  s  V,.  If  these  are  all  equal,  the  polarity  is 
correct :  if  not,  ohp.  of  the  transformers  must  be  reversed 
either  on  the  primary  or  secondary  side.  The  checking  of 
the  current  transformers  may  be  carried  out  by  inserting  an 
ammeter  in  each  of  the  leads  connected  to  the  terminals  fj, 
Ci,  and  c,,.  These  readings  should  be  equal  (if  the  load  is 
balanced),  but  if  one  transformer  requires  reversal,  the  read- 
ing in  c,  will  be  approximately  75  per  cent,  greater  than 
the  readings  in  C'3  and  c.,. 

On  account  of  the  probability  that  the  load  will  not  be 
balanced,  the  indications  in  this  test  are  not  so  emphatic  as 
those  obtained  when  testing  the  potential  transformers. 
When  a  current  transformer  can  be  disconnected,  one  may 
check  the  relative  polarity  by  connecting  a .  polarised  lines- 
man's detector  to  the  secondary  and  obtaining  deflections  by 


Fig.  4.— Diagrammatic  Induction  Motor  illustrating 
Phase  Rotation. 


touching  wires  from  a  small  battery,  first  to  the  terminals  of 
the  secondary,  and  then  to  those  of  the  primary.  If  the 
deflection  is  in  the  ^anie  tlireclion  ui  each  instance  at  the 
moment  irhni  the  cinuit  is  inadi;  it  follows  that  those 
terminals  of  the  primary  and  secondary  which  have  been 
connected  to  a  certain  battery  wire  should  be  similarly 
marked.  As,  however,  one  may  generally  rely  on  the 
marking  of  the  relative  polarity  of  the  primary  and  sectmdary 


422 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.72.  no.  1,842,  march  it,  1913. 


given  by  the  makers,  there  is  only  need  to  use  these  tests  in 
cases  where  a  mistake  in  the  raarkine:  is  suspected.* 

The  most  prolific  source  of  mistakes  when  making  con- 
nections is  that  mentioned  under  (//).  This  is  probably 
because  there  are  few  other  instruments  in  which  the  ijues- 
tion  of  the  direction  of  rotation  of  the  phase  is  of  any 
importance.  As  is  well  known,  it  is  possible  to  reverse  the 
direction  of  rotation  of  a  three-phase  induction  motor  by 
interchanging  two  of  the  supply  leads  on  the  stator  ter- 
minals. As  one  may  represent  the  elements  of  an  induction 
motor  winding  by  three  coils  spaced  at  ecjual  intervals  of 
1 20"  about  a  circle,  the  direction  of  phase  rotation  may  be 
defined  as  the  order  in  which  the  currents  in  the  windings 
attain  their  respective  maxima.  If,  for  example,  the  motor, 
shown  diagrammatically  in  fig.  4,  is  connected  so  that  it 
rotates  in  a  contra-clockwise  direction,  it  may  be  assumed 
that  the  phases  attain  their  maximum  values  in  the  order 
1 ,  2,  3,  but  if  it  should  rotate  in  a  clockwise  direction,  the 
assumption  is  that  the  phases  come  up  3,  2,  1.  The  num- 
bering of  the  phases  need  not  be  expressed  in  this  particular 
way,  as  the  conditions  are  continuous.  Thus,  for  forward 
rotation,  the  method  of  connections  might  also  be  expressed 
as  3,  1,  2,  or  2,  3,  ],  and  similar  alternatives  are  available 
for  reversed  rotation. 

This  point  is  not  easily  checked  by  tracing  out  the  con- 
nections from  the  supply,  as  it  eventually  depends  on  the 
way  in  which  the  generator  connections  are  brought  out. 
It  is  therefore  advisable  to  connect  a  very  small  motor  to  the 
circuit  in  order  to  ascertain  the  way  in  which  the  phases 
follow  each  other  on  the  transformer  secondaries,  and  for 
this  purpose  one  may  obtain  a  very  sensitive  little  induction 
motor  running  in  jewelled  bearings  and  marked  with  the 
direction  of  mechanical  rotation  corresponding  to  certain 
phase  numbering.  Such  an  instrument  is  known  as  a  phase 
rotation  indicator  ;  fig.  5  is  an  illustration  of  one  of  these 
with  its  cover  removed.  It  can  be  operated  off  a  very  wide 
range  of  voltages,  and  takes  about  the  same  current  as  a 
high-class    voltmeter.       This    instrument    may    also    be 


Fig.  5. — Phase  Rotation  Indicator. 

obtained  in  a  form  suitable  for  connecting  in  series  with  the 
secondaries  of  the  current  transformers,  but  this  is  not 
usually  required,  as  one  can  generally  trace  the  connections 
sufficiently  far  to  discern  which  current  secondaries  corres- 
pond with  any  particular  potential  connections. 

In  many  power-factor  indicators,  however,  it  is  possible  to 
obtain  information  as  to  the  phase  rotation  directly  from 
indications  given  by  the  instrument  itself.  In  the  example 
under  consideration,  one  has  two  rotating  fields  available, 
and  if  the  potential  winding  be   short  circuited  on   itself, 

*  If  it  should  be  found  necessary  to  obtain  decisive  information  as 
to  the  polarity  of  any  current  transformer  without  removing  it  from 
the  circuit,  the  best  method  is  probably  to  provide  oneself  with  a 
spare  current  transformer,  whose  polarity  is  known.  This  should 
be  of  the  type  in  which  the  magnetic  circuit  can  be  opened  or  closed 
at  will  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  any  cable  or  bar  to  be  used  as  a 
primary  winding  without  opening  the  electrical  circuit,  of  which 
it  forms  part.  Slip  this  transformer  over  the  conductor  which 
supplies  the  primary  of  the  transformer  whose  polarity  is  in  ques- 
tion, and  connect  the  secondary  at  both  ends  directly  to  the 
secondary  of  the  other  transformer,  so  that  the  two  secondaries  form 
a  simple  complete  series  circuit.  Connect  also  a  low-rending  volt- 
meter or  test  lamp  across  the  windings,  and  note  the  effect  on  the 
Toltage  obtained  when  one  secondary  is  reversed  with  reference  to 
the  other.  When  the  two  secondaries  are  connected  in  that  relation 
which  produces  the  higher  voltage,  the  incoming  terminal  of  the 
testing  transformer  is  connected  to  the  incoming  terminal  of  the 
unknown.  The  transformer  used  for  testing  need  not,  eessentially, 
have  any  iron  circuit.  All  that  is  necescary  is  a  coil  of  wire  vrhich 
can  be  held  near  the  primary  conductor,  and  this  arrangement  has 
the  advantage  that  the  reversal  can  be  made  by  merely  turning 
the  coil  over.  There  is  also  less  voltage  generated,  and  this  is 
under  more  control. 


while  the  current  winding  is  excited,  the  movement  will 
act  as  the  rotor  of  an  induction  motor,  and  will  move  round 
in  a  definite  direction,  indicating  the  phase  order  of  the 
current  coils.  Similarly,  if  the  current  windings  be  dis- 
connected and  short-circuited,  a  rotational  effect  will  again 
be  produced,  but  this  time  in  the  opposite  direction.  Jf 
these  directions  are  known  for  the  particular  instrument, 
there  will  be  no  difficulty  in  obtaining  the  correct  connec- 
tions with  regard  to  phase  rotation. 

The  source  of  error  under  (r)  should  not  now  give  any 
trouble,  as  all  that  is  necessary  is  to  ensure  that  the  potential 
terminals  arc  connected  (through  the  transformers)  to  the 
lines  from  which  the  current  coils  of  similar  marking  obtain 
their  excitation.  If  this  should  be  difficult  on  account  of 
the  transformers  themselves  being  ungetatable,  and  if  the 
value  of  the  power  factor  is  known  approximately,  one  may 
deduce  the  alterations  required  to  the  connections  from  the 
indications  of  the  instrument. 

1 .  If  the  pointer  should  set  in  a  position  approximately  1 20 
from  the  assumed  correct  value,  step  all  the  potential  connec- 
tions on  or  back  by  one  phase. 

2.  If  the  pointer  should  set  in  a  position  60"  from  the 
correct  value,  reverse  all  the  current  coils  and  proceed  as 
at  (1). 

In  conclusion,  the  writer  would  like  to  add  that,  although 
the  above  information  will  not  be  new  to  most  instrument 
e.'iperts,  he  believes  that  it  may  prove  of  use  to  many  others. 
The  power-factor  indicator  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  alter- 
nating-current instruments,  when  properly  understood,  and 
he  trusts  that  its  rapidly  increasing  popularity  will  not  be 
checked  by  any  lack  of  knowledge  as  to  the  correct  method 
of  using  it. 

He  would  also  like  to  express  his  best  thanks  to  Messrs. 
Everett,  Edgcumbe  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  photographs 
with  which  this  article  is  illustrated  and  for  their  kind 
l)ermission  to  publish  details  given  of  the  unbalanced-load 
type  of  instrument,  of  which  they  make  a  speciality. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


L'ttert  received  by  ut  after  5  P.M.  ON  TUESDAY  cannot  appear  until 
the  folloioing  week.  Correspondentt  ttunild  forward  their  communi- 
cations at  the  earliest  postible  momfiU.  No  letter  can  he puhlithed 
vnleit  we  have  the  writer't  name  and  address  in  our  pottesgion. 


Wireless  Telegraph  Patents. 

I  notice  in  your  columns  a  (juotation  from  the  Avslralian 
Mining  Standard  giving  an  account  of  a  patent  granted  to 
■\Ir.  Balsillie  on  October  15th,  1912,  with  respect  to  his 
system  of  wireless  telegraphy.  The  description  speaks  of  it 
as  an  arrangement  wherein  an  exciting  circuit  is  "  electto- 
statically  coupled  "  to  a  radiating  circuit. 

On  referring  to  the  diagrams  this  appears  not  to  be  the 
case.  The  two  circuits  are  cou])led  by  direct  metallic 
connection,  with  a  part  common  to  both,  in  fig.  1  ;  while 
in  fig.  2  the  resonating  circuit  is  connected  in  the  same 
way  to  the  aerial  and  through  a  transformer  to  the 
detecting  circuit. 

I  presume,  therefore,  that  the  phrase  "electrostatic 
coupling"  is  a  misdescription,  especially  as  I  hold  a  patent 
for  coupling,  which  is  really  of  that  kind,  dated  April 
8th,  1911. 

Oliver  Lodge. 

Edgbaston,  Marrh  ^11, ,  1013.  , 


Supply  to  Premises  outside  the  "  Area  of  Supply." 

With  reference  to  the  article  in  your  issue  of  March  7th 
on  "the  operation  of  Clause  (l  of  the  Act  of  1909,"  the 
writer  is  under  the  impression  that  the  charge  made  by  the 
Board  of  Trade  for  referring  draft  orders  to  counsel  has 
either  been  discontinued,  or  is  about  to  be  discontinued,  and 
that  such  charges  were  only  made  at  the  commencement  of 
the  working  of  the  Act  owing  to  there  being  certain 
obscurities  in  the  wording  of  it. 

It  is  also  of  interest  to  bear  in  mind  that  orders  made 
under  this  clause  have,  up  to  the  present,  contained  provision 


4, 


Vol.  72.  No.  1,842.  mauou  14,  1913.]       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


428 


giving  the  Board  power  to  revoke  the  order  in  the  future, 
in  the  event  of  any  supply  authority  into  wlioHe  ureu  the 
extension  contemplated  is  taken  becoininj^  abh;  to  ^ive  ii 
supply  of  electricity  at  the  point  in  (|iK!Htioii,  where,  at  the 
time  the  order  was  made,  they  were  not  in  a  position  to  f^ive 
a  8up])ly.  In  the  event  of  such  revoking;  clause  heiiif^  put 
into  operation,  it  would  pnisumably  be  comjKitent  for  the 
first  supplier  to  make  a  bargain  with  th(!  second  supplier, 
with  ref!;ard  to  the  cost  of  mains  or  other  capital  works 
carried  out  in  order  to  give  the  supply  :  but  the  existence  of 
this  clause  in  the  order  does,  in  the  writer's  opinion,  make 
Bome  diiVerence  in  the  outlook  of  the  8up])ly  authority 
towards  business  of  this  class,  because,  whilst  the  terms  of 
the  order  commit  the  supplier  to  ail  the  usual  responsibilities 
of  an  electric  lighting  provisional  order,  they  do  not  give 
that  security  of  tenure  in  the  business  which  exists  within 
the  supplier's  own  area.  Therefore,  apparently,  supplies  of 
this  class  should  be  suflficiently  remunerative  to  cover  all 
special  capital  expenditure  involved  witliin  the  period  during 
which  the  supplier  may  anticipate  that  he  will  be  allowed  to 
enjoy  the  business  unmolested. 

J.  W.  Beancliamp, 

Ei)(jiiii'er  and  "Miinager, 

West  Ham  Electricity  Supply, 
Manh  Mi,  1013. 


Morse  Signalling  on  Submarine  Cables. 

My  keen  interest  in  Mr.  P.  O'Neil's  opportune  letter, 
and  specimen  of  his  inverse-current  Morse  signals,  in  the 
Electrical  Review  of  March  7th,  became  all  the  keener 
when,  for  the  first  time,  I  looked  up  Mr.  O'Neil's  patent. 
No.  16,402,  lt)07.  I  then  found  that  his  automatic  pole- 
changing  switch,  which  gave  him  these  inverse-current 
siphon-recorder  Morse  signals,  rs  practically  identical  with 
one  of  my  two  devices  referred  to  in  the  Electrical 
Review  article  of  February  28th.  It  would  be  interesting 
if  Mr.  O'Ned  would  add  to  his  kindness  by  telling  us 
whether  he  ever  succeeded  in  converting  his  received  inverse 
currents  into  actual  Morse  dots  and  dashes.  Mr.  P.  B. 
Delany's  patent,  No.  21,029,  of  1893,  includes  a  very  clever 
device  for  effecting  this  conversion. 

In  Mr.  JohnGott's  system — as  your  contemporary,  \h&  Elec- 
trician, of  February  2 1st,  has  informed  us — this  conversion  of 
inverse  currents  received  on  a  suspended  coil  or  other 
such  relay  is  brought  about  by  the  electrical  connecting 
together  of  the  two  contact  stops  limiting  the  play  of  the 
relay  tongue.  For  readers  new  to  the  subject,  this  point, 
perhaps,  was  not  sufficiently  emphasised  in  the  writer's 
article  of  February  28th.  These  two  electrically-connected 
contact  stops,  between  which  the  relay  tongue  oscillates  under 
the  alternate  +  and  —  currents  shown  in  B,  fig.  1,  in  the 
Electrical  Review  article  of  February  28th,  are  in  circuit 
with  a  local  battery  and  a  common  Morse  or  Morse  repeater. 
Whichever  way,  then,  the  cable  relay  tongue  happens  to  be 
deflected,  the  effect  on  the  local  Morse  is  the  same. 

Mr.  Gott  has  successfully  co-ordinated  apparently  known 
physical  principles  with  his  own  original  and  effective  trans- 
mission devices.  Official  statements  testify  to  successful 
direct  Morse  working  between  London  and  New  York  ; 
truly  a  fait  accompli  which,  apart  from  other  men's  clever 
work  in  the  past,  may  justifiably  regard  Mr.  John  Gott  as 
its  true  originator. 

E.  Raymond-Barker. 

Wimbledon,  March  10th,  1913. 


Weali  Hearts  and  Electric  Sliocks. 

In  your  article  this  week  on  "  Electricity  in  Mines,"  in 
an  instance  of  a  fatal  shock,  that  at  Trimdon  Grange  Col- 
liery, it  is  pointed  out  that  the  inspector  thought  the  effect 
would  not  have  been  fatal,  but  for  the  fact  of  the  victim 
having  a  weak  heart.  Tl3at  set  me  thinking,  how  many 
other  victims  have  had  weak  hearts  ?  Also  of  an  instance 
that  came  before  me  about  a  year  ago,  and  as  I  think  it 
points  a  moral,  I  give  it  as  briefly  as  possible,  just,  for  an 
obvious  reason,  giving  fictitious  instead  of  real  names. 

Felix  Senior,  53,  and  Ralph  Young,  23,  were  standing  on 
the   lead  covering  of  a  projecting  shop-window  trying  to 


localise  a  rupture  in  a  cable  that  had  Ijcen  ran  ei^ht  years 
before  in  screwed  tubing  from  a  2(jO-voll,  a.c.  circuit  to  HUpply 
an  illuminated  sign,  when  sudrlenly  a  tulj<;  which  Ixjth  were 
holding  umh  contact  with  the  live  cable,  and  lx;th  re<;eived 
a  rather  severe  shock. 

Senior  just  left  go  of  the  tube,  but,  looking  at  Voung,  he 
saw  that  his  face  was  becoming  red,  and  then  turning  U> 
purple,  his  hands  f>eing  mmiiletely  paralyw.d  on  the  tube, 
lie  forcibly  opened  Yoimg's  hands  Tgetting  the  ahfxik  mean- 
while), and  pulled  him  off  ;  after  a  few  minutes'  rest,  both 
were  able  to  proceed  with  their  work. 

Now,  why  the  difference  ?  Both  had  similar  iKKjts  on, 
both  were  on  the  lead  sheathing,  which  was  wet  all  over. 
Young  was,  besides  being  younger,  much  the  stronger  man 
physically — that  is  as  regards  running,  lifting,  &c.  He, 
however,  was  a  heavy  tobacco  smoker  ;  Senior,  an  abstainer 
from  this  habit  for  some  years.  Both  were  abstainers  from 
alcohol. 

The  veriest  tyro  in  medicine  knows  that  toVmcco  indulgence 
almost  always,  more  or  less,  weakens  the  heart,  especially  in 
excess.  Without  wishing  to  dogmatise,  least  of  all  to  pose 
as  goody,  I  think  that  whether  my  surmise  is  right  might  1)6 
worth  consideration  as  a  word  in  season  lo  young  members 
of  our  profession. 

A.  W.  Bennett. 

Leeds,  3Iarch  Ath,  1913. 

[The  hands  of  Senior,  the  older  man,  were  probably  more 
dry  and  horny  than  Young's. — Eds.  F^.R.] 


Heavy  Service  Lampholders  and  Adapters. 

With  reference  to  a  letter  in  a  recent  issue  signed  "  Sales 
Superintendent"  anent  heavy-pattern  lampholders  to  carry 
5  amperes  without  the  slightest  heating,  l)eing  myself 
engaged  in  issuing  approximately  400  electric  power,  lighting 
and  heating  specifications  annually,  I  thoroughly  endorse 
what  is  said.  If  some  manufacturer  would  bring  out  a 
suitable  heavy-pattern  lampholder  to  enable  a  radiator  or 
other  apparatus  to  be  used,  it  would  quickly  repay  him,  as 
some  10,000  could  be  sold  locally  in  a  very  short  space  of 
time  ;  it  would  supply  a  long-felt  want  in  the  West  of 
Scotland  and  other  parts  of  the  country. 

An  Engineer. 

Glasgow,  March  Ath,  1913.    . 


Electric  Cooking. 

One  very  satisfactory  feature  of  last  year's  trading,  so  far 
as  it  relates  to  electrical  industries,  is  the  greatly  increased 
sales  of  electric  cookers.  Manufacturers  have  realised  the 
great  scope  underlying  this  branch  of  the  business,  as 
evidenced  by  the  cooking  demonstrations  which  some  of 
them  have  given  in  various  towns  throughout  the  kingdom 
with,  I  believe,  very  satisfactory  results. 

It  is,  however,  one  thing  to  familiarise  the  public  with  an 
article,  and  quite  another  to  persuade  it  to  invest  in  that 
article,  and  when  it  is  remembered  that  nearly  every  gas 
concern  hire-purchases  out  gas  cookers,  it  is  in  some  cases 
an  extremely  difficult  matter  to  persuade  a  prospective  con- 
sumer, who,  perhaps,  has  a  very  limited  income,  to  write  out 
a  £14  cheque  for  an  electric  cooker,  and  that  by  so  doing, 
he  is  transacting  a  business  deal  which  is  in  every  respect 
not  only  satisfactory  but  also  convenient  to  himself. 

I  am  convinced  that,  if  manufacturers  were  to  hire- 
purchase  out  electric  cookers,  I,  for  one,  would  be  able,  in  a 
comparatively  short  period,  to  increase  my  day-load  peak  by 
at  least  40  per  cent. 

Another  factor  which  has  a  predominating  influence  on 
the  subject  is  the  high  cost  of  a  reliable  and  efficient  cooker. 

Compare  a  gas  cooker  costing  about  £4  with  an  electric 
cooker  of  the  same  capacity,  priced  at  about  £14.  Does 
£10  represent  the  actual  worth  of  the  difference?  It  seems 
almost  impossible.  Until  we  have  a  reliable  cooker  on  the 
market  priced  at  about  £7,  with  the  option  of  hire-purchase, 
electricity  as  a  medium  for  cooking  will  never  be  seriously 
regarded  by  the  middle  class. 

Julian  G.  Thain, 

Chief  Eh-ftrical  Kniiltu'er  and  Mamit/fr. 

Stratford-on-Avon  Electricity  Supply, 
March  ith,  1913. 


424 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  n.  no.  i,842,  march  h,  1913. 


CO-OPERATIVE      ELECTRICAL      CAMPAIGN 
IN    AMERICA. 


A  CONFKBEXCK  of  the  Society  for  Electrical  Development  was 
held  in  the  En^ineeriner  Societies'  Building  in  West  Mth  Street, 
Xew  York,  on  March  -Ith  and  Bth,  which  broupht  together,  we  are 
informed.  "  representatives  of  more  than  ten  billion  dollars  in  a 
oampaigrn  of  education."  Every  branch  of  the  electrical  trade  will 
be  represented.  Officers  of  each  corporatioTiB  as  the  (general  Elec- 
tric Co..  the  Westinphonse  Co.,  the  Philadelphia  Electric  Co.,  the 
I'nion  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  of  St.  Louis,  and  the  Buffalo 
and  Niagara  Falls  Light  and  Power  Co.,  to  mention  but  a  few,  are 
members  of  the  board  of  directors. 

The  Society  was  organised  a  few  weeks  ago  for  the  purpose  of 
educating  the  public  up  to  a  more  general  use  of  electricity  in  all 
its  forms,  and  the  conference  was  called  to  make  definite  plans  for 
carrying  on  the  work  through  the  expenditure  of  a  considerable 
sum  in  advertising  and  publicity  work  of  all  kinds.  The  president 
of  the  Society  is  Mr.  Henry  L.  Doherty,  a  New  York  banker,  who 
handles  many  electrical  securities,  and  is  well  known  in  the  elec- 
trical industry.  The  general  manager  of  the  Society  is  Mr.  J.  M . 
Wakeman,  for  many  years  president  and  general  manager  of  the 
Elrrtricii!  World,  and  the  secretary -treasurer  is  Mr.  Philip  S.  Dodd, 
formerly  general  manager  of  the  Electrical  Review,  and  later  director 
of  the  Commercial  Development  Department  of  the  National 
Electric  Lamp  Association. 

The  conference  was  opened  by  an  address  by  the  President  of  the 
Society,  Mr.  Doherty,  and  some  observations  by  the  general 
manager,  Mr.  Wakeman,  on  "  The  Aims  of  the  Society."  "  Elec- 
tricity has  been  decreasing  in  cost  to  the  consumer,  while  the  price 
of  everything  else  has  been  advancing,"  says  General  Manager 
Wakeman,  in  discu8.«ing  the  plans  for  the  Society  for  Electrical 
Development,  "  and  it  is  our  aim  to  show  the  general  public  that 
electricity  is  no  longer  a  luxury  for  the  few,  but  has  become  a 
necessity  for  all.  It  can  be  stated,  as  a  fact,  that  70  per  cent,  of 
the  people  in  the  United  States  use  electricity  in  some  form  every 
day,  if  only  by  sending  a  telegram,  using  the  telephone,  riding  on  a 
street  car,  or  ringing  a  door  bell,  and  approximately  5  per  cent,  of 
the  population  is  supported  more  or  less  directly  by  the  electrical 
trade  and  its  ramifications.  And  this  enormous  industry  practically 
can  be  said  to  have  developed  itself,  as  it  is  only  within  the  past 
halt  dozen  years  that  a  few  of  the  larger  manufacturers  and  central 
stations  have  made  any  real  effort  toward  educating  the  public  to 
the  use  of  what  is  still  to  the  average  layman  a  stupendous 
mystery.  No  one  manufacturer,  central  station,  contractor,  or 
dealer  can  carry  out  single-handed  efficient  educational  work  as 
well  as  it  can  be  carried  out  by  co-operative  effort.  The  con- 
ference constitutes  a  starting  point  in  electrical  development,  and 
it  will  produce  a  co-operative  result  eclipsing  any  heretofore 
known,  with  individual  benefit  to  all  engaged  in  the  industry,  and 
to  the  industry  at  large.  While  no  active  campaign  has  as  yet  been 
inaugurated  to  obtain  additional  members  for  the  Society,  its 
membership  is  open  to  any  individual  or  person  as  a  representative 
of  any  firm,  corporation  or  association  which  is  engaged  in  the 
manufacture,  production,  installation  or  sale  of  electrical  or  other 
apparatus  or  supplies  necessary  in  the  production,  distribution  or 
utilisation  of  electrical  current,  or  is  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
or  sale  of  electrical  current.  The  funds  necessary  to  carry  out 
the  purposes  of  the  Society  will  be  subscribed  by  the  members 
or  the  firms,  corporations  or  associations  represented.  The 
central  stations  "and  manufacturers  represented  by  membership 
will  subscribe  to  its  funds  at  the  rate  of  not  less  than  iV^h  of 
1  per  cent,  of  the  gross  amount  of  their  respective  annual  sales, 
and  the  contracting,  dealing  and  jobbing  interests  represented  "will 
subscribe  on  the  basis  of  ^^th  of  1  per  cent,  of  the  gross  amount 
of  their  respective  annual  sales.  The  Society  has  already  been 
financed  to  the  extent  of  something  over  ?  100,000,  and  it  is  intended 
to  immediately  inaugurate  an  active  campaign  to  increase  the 
membership  of  the  Society  and  to  bring  the  amount  subscribed  up 
to  a  minimum  of  at  least  $200,000.  The  thought  is  that  active  work 
will  not  be  commenced  until  the  full  8200,000  has  been  subscribed, 
but,  naturally,  the  campaign  will  be  continued  to  a  point  where  the 
entire  electrical  industry  will  be  co-operating  to  win  the  desired 
results.  An  analysis  of  the  by-laws  will  bring  out  the  truly  co- 
operative extent  of  the  Society.  The  fact  that  its  membership  is 
open  to  all  the  electrical  industry,  and  that  control  of  the  Society 
will  for  all  time  be  vested  in  the  four  different  branches  of  the 
industry,  to  wit,  central  stations,  jobbers  and  dealers,  contractors, 
and  manufacturers,  and  the  actions  of  the  Society  are  to  be  always 
controlled  by  an  even  distribution  of  the  various  interests  men- 
tioned, on  its  board  of  directors,  executive  committee,  and  among 
its  officers,  is  a  guarantee  of  the  truly  co-operative  nature  of  the 
Society." 

The  object  of  the  meeting  was  to  obtain  from  as  many  angles  as 
possible  the  various  ideas  of  the  many  branches  of  the  industry  on 
the  tentative  plans  that  would  be  proposed  in  a  most  comprehensive 
programme.  Among  the  plans  to  be  suggested  was  a  broad 
educational  general  advertising  campaign,  together  with  plans  for 
a  comprehensive  Press  bureau  for  the  dissemination  of  news 
matter  pertaining  to  things  electrical,  and  also  a  field  department 
for  co-operative  and  general  educational  work  throughout  the 
electrical  and  allied  industries,  architects,  building  trades,  and 
various  manufacturing  fields. 

In  addition  to  the  items  in  the  Conference  programme  mentioned 
above,  the  following  were  subjects  brought  forward  : — "  Where  the 
National  Electric  Light  Association  (Jomes  In,"  by  Mr.  T.  C. 
Martin  ;  "  The  News  "Value  of   Electricity,"   by  Mr.  F.  H.  Gale  ; 


"  Electricity  and  the  Architect,'  by  Mr.  F.  E.  Wallis  ;  "  Thie 
Dissemination  of  News,'^  by  Dr.  Talcott  Williams  ;  "  Co-operation 
in  the  Electrical  Industry,"  by  Mr.  .T.  R.  Crouse  ;  "  An  Electrical 
Advertising  Campaign,"  by  Mr.  W.  D.  McJunkin ;  "  Selling  a 
Commodity, '  by  Mr.  E.  St.  Elmo  Lewis  ;  "  Merchandising  Co- 
operation," by  Mr.  W.  E.  Robertson ;  "  Efficiency  in  Local 
Advertising."  by  Mr.  J.  C.  McQuiston ;  "  Electrical  Development 
and  the  Electrical  Contractors,"  by  Mr.  E.  Freeman. 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 

''Economic"  Bench  Grinders. 

The  Wn.soN-WoLF  Enoixeering  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Thornton  Road, 
Bradford,  have  just  placed  on  the  market  a  new  type  of  electric 
bench  grinder,  which  we  illustrate  in  fig.  1.  This  machine  has 
been  designed  for  hard  and  constant  work  ;  the  motor  is  shunt- 
wound,  rated  at  1  H.P.,  and  runs  at  a  speed  of  about  1,800  b.p  m.  It  is 
fitted  with  Hoffmann  ball  bearings,  and  is  quite  dust-proof.  The 
box  base,  on  which  the  motor  is  mounted,  is  of  rigid  design,  and 


Fig.  1. — Electric  Bench  Grikdbk. 

carries  the  tool  rests,  which,  besides  being  adjustable  to  the  wear 
of  the  wheels,  are  capable  of  a  vertical  and  angular  adjustment  to 
accommodate  work  of  varying  thickness  and  shape.  A  starter, 
with  no-voltage  release  attachment,  is  fitted  inside  the  box,  and  is 
actuated  by  the  hand  wheel  seen  in  front. 

The  standard  equipment  supplied  with  the  grinder  consists  of 
two  8  in.  X  1  in.  wheels,  of  any  grade  to  suit  the  work.  The 
machine  can  also  be  supplied  as  a  special  heavy  duty  grinder, 
equipped  with  one  10  in.  x  l-i  in.  wheel. 

Electric  Toaster. 

A  new  electric  toaster  has  just  been  placed  on  the  market  by 
Mi;ssBS.  F.  A.  Wii-KiNsoN  &  Partners,  Ltd.,  of  Hatfield,  Herts., 
the  features  of  which  are  simplicity  of  construction,  efficiency  and 
cheapness.    The  heating  element  comprises  a  strip  of  mica,  upon 


^tTT: 


Fig.  2. — A  New  Eli;ctuic  Toa-steb. 


which  are  mounted  vertical  steel  rods,  their  attachment  to  the 
mica  being  made  by  a  special  process.  The  top  portion  of  the  coil 
is  held  by  means  of  the  steel  supports,  while  the  bottom  portion  is 
secured  to  the  base  by  means  of  detachable  rivets.  The  element  is 
enclosed  in  a  bright  metal  network,  and  is  readily  removed  when 
required.    An  insulatini^  strip  is  fitted  beneath  the  element. 


Vol.72.  No.  1,842,  MARCH  14,  i9i;i.i       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


426 


An   Ironclad  Snltch-FiiMc. 

Fitf.  .H  «howH  a  1,000-iinipore,  500-volt,  double-pole  uombiiied 
Bwitch  nnd  fuHo,  miulo  by  the  Safktick  CoNTiioi.i.iNri  Ai'I'lianck.h 
Co.,  IjTI).,  of  Luton,  BodfordHhirc.  An  oxainiimtioii  of  the  ilhiH 
tratioii  will  hIiow  tho  rcinarkablo  compactnimH  and  Hpaoo-Havinnf 
properticH  of  thiH  form  of  circuit  control  an  compuifid  with  the 
older  de»i(fnH  which  were  adopted  in  connection  with  hiffh-power 
traction  voltauo  Hupplien  of  this  dcHuription.  and  thiH  huvId);  of 
Bpace  has  boon  Hccurod  without  any  detriment  to  safety.  Tho 
switch  is  made  up  of  substantial  contacts,  so  sub-divided  that  con- 
siderable contact  surface  is  (fiven  ;  on  each  pole  there  are  two  sets 
of  contacts,  and  between  these  are  mounted  two  indicatin);  cart- 
ridge fuses,  which  are  secured  to  the  contact  blades  by  means  of 
screws  in  sui^h  a  way  that  a  blown  fuse  can  be  replaced  in  under 
half  a  minute.  'I'ho  switches  are  provided  with  a  positive  pull  out, 
and,  in  addition,  the  motion  of  the  inovintr  portion  is  controlled  by 
steel  springs  );ivint;  an  extremely  lonfj^  and  rapid  break.  The  align- 
ment of  the  moving  portions  with  the  fixed  contacts  is  secured  by 


water.  Tho  olectticnl  conne<;tioDii  to  the  refliiituiK^-  are  kt  Home 
distance  from  the  water  connectionR,  so  that  tho  circuit  in  not 
earthed—  as  measured  un  the  Ulaairaw  munii,  we  underst&nd,  the 
resistance  between  them  in  no  leM  tbwi  two  meKohmn,  though  the 
current-carrying  balls  are  actually  in  the  water — and  the  one  of 


Fig.  3. — 1,000-Amp.  Switch-Fuse. 


a  squared  steel  shaft  on  which  the  moving  part  slides,  and  the 
mechanism  is  automatically  interlocked  with  the  lid,  making  it 
impossible  to  open  or  close  the  case  unless  the  switch  is  in  its  off 
position. 

The  contact  blades  and  fuses  are  insulated  from  the  carriers  by 
means  of  moulded  micanite,  and  mica  and  metal  construction  are 
the  features  of  this  gear.  The  slates  are  insulated  from  the  case 
by  means  of  a  special  insulating  material  li  mm.  thick,  the 
puncture  voltage  of  which  is  10,000  volts  per  mm.  The  holding- 
down  screws  are  insulated  from  the  slates  and  the  interior  of  the 
case  is  coated  with  a  special  enamel.  In  a  test  made  by  the 
National  Physical  Laboratory  at  Teddington,  on  a  500-volt  30-amp. 
switch,  measurements  were  made  between  all  insulated  parts  of  the 
case  and  between  one  insulated  part  and  another,  and  the  insulation 
resistance  was  in  every  case  over  200  megohms.  The  glands  are 
removable,  and  hence  the  wiring  of  the  switch  is  accomplished  with 
ease.  These  switch  fuses  are  constructed  either  for  double  or 
triple-pole  service,  and  have  been  combined  with  other  apparatus  in 
panel  form  in  order  to  produce  complete  controlling  unit?  for  all 
purposes. 

Slow-break  Witton  S?Titches. 

For  many  purposes  a  quick  break  is  not  necessary,  as  in  equaliser 
switches  and  switches  for  short-circuiting  starters  on  motor- 
generators,  &c. 

The  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  provide  for  such  purposes  the 
"  Witton  "  slow-break  switches,  which  are  made  in  sizes  from  100 
amperes  up  to  3,000  amperes,  and  in  the  single,  double  and  triple- 
pole  patterns.  Good  grinding  over  the  whole  area  of  faces  in 
contact,  coupled  with  a  current  density  at  the  contacts  of  90  amps, 
per  sq.  in.,  is  responsible  for  a  very  small  power  loss,  and  in  the 
ohange-over  type,  off-stops  are  provided,  which  prevent  the  possibility 
of  the  switch  falling  back  on  the  lower  contacts,  should  it  by  any 
chance  work  loose. 

Electric  Water  Heater, 

Some  years  ag'o  we  described  a  simple  form  of  water  heater,  in 
which  the  resistance  consisted  of  carbon  spheres,  actually  immersed 
in  the  current  of  water  to  be  heated.  This  device  has  been  greatly 
improved  and  developed,  and  is  now  about  to  be  put  on  the  market 
by  the  British  Heater  Co.,  Ltd,  of  105,  West  George  Street, 
Glasgow.  The  accompanying  illustration,  fig.  4,  shows  the 
apparatus,  which  consists  of  a  high-class  porcelain  tube  contain- 
ing the  carbon  balls,  a  switch  and  stop-valve.  It  will  be  noticed 
that  the  switch  and  valve  are  both  controlled  by  the  same  handle, 
that  switch  cannot  be  closed  without  first  turning  on  the  water, 
but  after  closing  the  switch  the  rate  of  9ow  of  water  can  be 
widely   varied,   thus  controlling  the   temperature  of  the  issuing 


Fig.  4. — Water-Heater  with  Immersed  Resistance. 


the  device  is  permissible  on  any  circuit.  To  eliminate  the  risk  of 
shock,  the  inJet  and  outlet  water  pipes  are  electrically  bonded 
together,  and  are  therefore  earthed,  if  the  water  supply  is  from  the 
mains. 

The  apparatus  is  made  up  in  forms  suitable  for  domestic  ua^ 
hotels,  &c.  ;  fig.  5  shows  a  pattern  for  use  on  board  ship,  which  is 


Fig.  5.— Ship  Pattern,  Combined  with  Water-Heatkk  and 
Basin. 

already  becoming  popular.  There  is,  perhaps,  no  plac«  "where 
electric  geysers  are  more  readily  applicable  and  convenient  than  on 
passenger  ships. 

The  "Regina"  Electric  Cleaner. 

Messrs.  Michael  K.  Cooper  &  Co.,  of  27,  Oswald  Street, 
Glasgow,  are  introducing  a  new  type  of  electric  suction  cleaner, 
which  possesses  some  exceptionally  good  features.  The  motor, 
which  is  made  by  the  G.E.  Co.,  of  Schenectady,  is  of  excellent 
design  and  workmanship,  and  is  fixed  in  a  compartment  which  is 
shut  off  from  the  air  passages,  so  that  no  dust  has  access  to  it. 
The  dusty  air  is  drawn  in  through  a  canvas  bag,  which  catches  all 
the  dust  before  it  reaches  the  fan,  which  is  thus  protected  from 
injury  ;  a  metallic  casing  encloses  the  dust  bag,  which  is  easily 
withdrawn  and  emptied.  The  nozzle  is  fixed  on  the  front  end  of 
the  casing,  as  shown  in  fig.  7,  and  the  weight  of  the  machine  (only 
14  lb.")  is  carried  on  rubber- tired  wheels  at  the  other  end.  By 
means  of  other  attachments,  a  hose  can  be  coupled  to  the  front  end, 


426 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.  72.  No.  i,842,  mabch  i4,  1913. 


for  cleaning  the  walle,  kc,  or  to  the  exhaust  of  the  fan,  for  blowing 
dnst  out  of  crevices,  books,  &o.  We  have  tried  one  of  these 
machinef,  and  find  that  it  does  everything  that  is  claimed  for  it  ; 
it  is  a  very  practical  and  well-made  pattern  of  cleaner. 


Fk;.  i;.— B.T.H. 
Rkalitk"  Fitting. 


Fit;. 


■'  Regina  "  Suction  Cle.\neb. 


B.T.H.  "Realite"  SemMndirect  Fitting. 

The  "  Realite "'  fittine  (fig-,  (i)  is  the  latest  development  of  semi- 
indirect  lighting  introduced  by  the  British  Thomson-Houston  Co., 
Ltd.  The  fitting:  consists  of  an  inverted  standard  "  Veluria  "  reflector 
suspended  on  a  special  semi-indirect  attachment.  The  Mazda  lamp 
hangs  pendant  in  the  reflector,  and  is  completely  hidden  thereby. 

The  '■  Veluria  "  reflectors  produce  charming-  lighting  efEects,  and 
when  used  for  semi-indirect  lighting,  they  have  the  advantage  of 
thoroughly  diffusing  the  light,  and  consequently  reducing  the 
apparent  intrin.sic  brilliancy  of  the  light  source. 


LEGAL 


Johnson  Billington  Electricity  Metebs,  Ltd., 
Billinoton. 


A.  M. 


Mb.  Justice  roLEBiD(;E,  with  a  special  jury,  in  the  King's  Bench 
Division  on  March  ilth  and  7th,  heard  an  action  in  which  the 
plaintiffs  sought  to  recover  damages  from  Mr.  Arthur  Marston 
Billington,  of  Holland  Park  (formerly  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
company),  for  alleged  breach  of  duty.  In  his  defence,  Mr. 
Billington  denied  the  various  acts  of  negligence  alleged,  and  denied 
that  there  had  been  any  breach  of  duty. 

Mr,  J.  H.  Atkin.  K.C,  and  Mr.  Theobald  Mathew  were  for  the 
plaintiff?,  and  Mr.  Ernest  Pollock,  K.C,  M.P.,  with  Mr.  H.  G. 
Robertson  were  for  the  defendant. 

Mr.  Atkin,  in  opening,  said  that  Mr.  Billington  was  one  of  two 
directors  of  the  plaintiff  company,  and  in  July  and  August,  1910, 
he  was  managing  director  of  a  company  called  the  Beck  Flame 
Lamp,  Ltd..  which  was  a  company  formed  to  manufacture  and 
work  certain  patent  electricity  meters.  A  successful  meter  (said 
counsel)  was  a  thing  of  considerable  commercial  importance,  and 
the  patentee  of  the  particular  meter  in  which  the  company  was 
interested  was  a  Mr.  Johnson.  The  other  director  of  the 
plaintiff  company  was  Mr.  Harvey  Benjamin  ^piller,  a 
jobber  and  a  member  of  the  Stock  Exchange.  Mr.  Billington,  who 
had  known  Mr.  Spiller  for  a  considerable  time,  saw  him  with 
reference  to  the  formation  of  the  plaintiff  company  for  the  purpose 
of  working  the  patent,  and  the  company  was,  in  fact,  incorporated 
in  .July.  1910.  The  company  had  a  nominal  capital  of  8,000  £1 
shares,  and  the  arrangement  was  that  £4,000  in  shares  was  to  go 
to  the  vendors  of  the  patents.     A  cash  working  capital  amounting 


altogether  to  £1,775,  was  subscribed  by  Mr.  Spiller  and  his  friends. 
Mr.  Billington  then  suggested  the  desirability  of  the  meters  being 
manufactured  by  the  Beck  Flame  Lamp,  Ltd.,  and  eventually  an 
agreement  was  drawn  up,  the  substance  of  which  was  that  the 
Beck  Co,  were  appointed  the  sole  licensees  and  manufacturers  of  the 
meters.  The  plaintiff  company  were  to  provide  £500  as  part  pay- 
ment of  the  outlay  necessary  to  provide  the  plant  retiuired,  and  a 
Mr.  Harrison  was  appointed  to  have  the  sole  selling  rights  of  the 
meters.  There  was  a  provision  enabling  the  Beck  Co.  to  use  the 
£500  for  the  ordinary  purposes  of  their  business,  it  being  stipulated 
that  if  within  two  years  they  placed  orders  for  10,000  meters,  the 
Beck  Co.  were  to  repay  the  money.  Counsel  proceeded  to  suggest 
that  at  that  time  the  Beck  Co.  were  insolvent,  and  he  alleged  that 
Mr.  Billington  must  have  known  it.  About  August  8th,  1910, 
there  was  a  board  meeting  of  the  plaintiff  company,  at  which  Mr. 
Billington  and  Mr.  Spiller  were  present.  As  Mr.  Spiller  was  going 
away  for  a  holiday,  a  resolution  was  passed  that  cheques  could  ^ie 
drawn  by  one  director  vrith  the  counter  signature  of  the  secre- 
tary. The  secretary  appointed  was  a  clerk  in  the  employ  of  the 
Beck  Co.  It  was  alleged  (added  counsel)  that  Mr.  Billington  caused 
the  plaintiff  company  to  pay  various  sums  to  the  Beck  Co.  by  way 
of  loans.  For  the  £500  paid  over  previously,  the  plaintiff  company 
received  nothing,  and  eventually  it  was  found  that  Mr.  Billington 
had  been  in  the  habit  of  getting  money  in  and  out  of  the 
plaintiff  company's  bank  by  a  series  of  loans  upon  the  security  of 
certain  debts  which  he  proposed  to  pay  off.  Various  advances 
were  made  on  outstanding  debts,  and  there  were  certain  repay- 
ments. Subsequently  Mr.  Billington  was  deposed  from  his  office 
as  director  of  the  plaintiff  company,  and  the  Beck  Co.  had  gone 
into  liquidation. 

Mb.  Hakby  Ben.jamin  Spiller  said  that  he  knew  Mr.  Billing- 
ton 20  years  ago,  but  he  had  not  seen  him  for  five  years  when 
they  met  in  1910.  In  June  of  that  year  he  knew  that  Mr. 
Billington  was  managing  director  of  the  Beck  Co.,  but  he  did  not 
think  anything  definite  was  said  in  regard  to  the  finances  of  the 
company. 

Mr.  Mathew  :  So  far  as  you  knew  the  company  was  in  a 
sound  financial  position  .' — Yes,  I  knew  that  years  before,  I  had 
found  money  to  put  it  in  a  sound  financial  position. 

In  cross-examination  by  Mr.  Pollock,  K.C,  Witness  said  that 
the  statement  of  claim  showed  that  it  was  sought  to  recover  £500 
lost  under  the  agreement  with  the  Beck  Co.  to  manufacture  the 
meters  ;  £46  the  difference  on  certain  transactions  on  the  sale  and 
purchase  of  debts  ;  and  something  like  £40  or  £50  expenses  relating 
to  a  matter  with  the  Dublin  Corporation. 

Mb.  Pollock  :  Do  you  think  Mr.  Billington  has  swindled  you  .' — 
I  am  not  going  to  say  that. 

In  further  cross-examination,  Me.  Spiller  said  that  he  placed 
debentures  for  the  Beck  Co.  in  1909.  He  knew  that  the  Beck  Co. 
wanted  money,  but  inquiries  as  to  the  value  of  the  patents  were 
answered  satisfactorily.  He  was  satisfied  that  the  Beck  Co.  had  a 
prosperous  future  before  it.  Mr.  Billington  had,  in  fact,  bought 
several  debts  of  the  Beck  Co. 

A  Cleek  formerly  in  the  serviceof  the  Beck  Flame  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd., 
at  the  time  Mr.  Billington  was  managing  director,  said  that  he  was 
appointed  secretary  pro  tem.  of  the  plaintiff  company  by  Mr. 
Billington,  who  was  well  acquainted  with  the  financial  condition 
of  the  Beck  Co. 

Me.  Haydn  Harrison,  electrical  engineer,  stated  that  he 
entered  into  an  agreement  for  the  sale  of  the  meters,  and  could 
ha\e  sold  them  if  they  had  been  supplied  to  him. 

His  Lordship  suggested  that  the  evidence  was  unnecessary,  as 
they  knew  that  no  meters  were  sold.  The  witness  was  the  sole 
agent,  and  therefore,  if  there  had  been  anything  to  be  sold,  he 
would  have  sold  it. 

Mr,  Atkin  :  Was  it,  in  your  judgment,  a  sound  commercial  ven- 
ture, and  do  you  believe  that  you  would  have  been  able  to  sell  the 
meters  if  they  had  been  supplied  h  I  do  believe  that  it  was  a 
sound  commercial  venture,  and  1  have  no  doubt  I  should  have  been 
able  to  make  good  sales. 

Mb.  Pollock,  in  opening  the  case  for  the  defence,  said  that  there 
was  not  an  atom  of  evidence,  and  not  even  a  suggestion,  that  any  of 
the  money  had  passed  into  Mr.  Billington's  pocket,  or  that  he  had 
derived  any  advantage  out  of  the  transactions.  The  Beck  Co.  was  a 
company  likely  to  do  well,  as  it  had  some  very  good  patents  ;  but  it 
wanted  capital.  It  had  been  suggested  that  Mr.  Billington  had 
been  guilty  of  fraud,  but  in  order  to  arrive  at  such  a  conclusion, 
they  must  look  for  motive.  It  could  not  be  suggested  that  a  man 
would  descend  to  fraud  without  motive,  but  here  there  was  not  even 
a  suggestion  that  the  defendant  had  derived  any  advantage.  The 
only  advantage  had  been  with  the  Beck  Co.,  and  yet  reckless  charges 
had  been  made  against  the  defendant  in  order  to  create  prejudice. 

Mr.  Arthtb  Marston  Billington  was  then  called,  and  said 
that  he  was  a  constructing  electrical  engineer,  carrying  on  business 
at  Suffolk  House,  Lawrence  Ponntney  Hill,  E.C  In  the  course  of  his 
business  he  had  come  across  several  patents  from  time  to  time,  and 
had  been  interested  in  companies  formed  to  exploit  them.  He  was 
for  many  years  engineer  to  the  London  Electric  Supply  Corporation, 
and  he  entered  into  the  plaintiff  company,  and  Mr.  Spiller  was  the 
other  director.  He  had  known  Mr.  Spiller  for  some  1.")  years,  and 
in  1908  he  came  into  business  contact  with  him  in  connection  with 
the  Beck  Co.,  whose  business  related  to  a  patent  arc  lamp  for  street 
lighting.  They  secured  some  important  contracts  with  the  London 
County  Council  for  lighting  the  Strand  and  other  places.  Mr, 
Spiller  was  to  find  a  certain  amount  of  capital,  and  witness  promised 
him  300  shares,  but  he  ultimately  got  500.  When  he  came  to 
witness's  office  he  saw  the  meter  on  the  table,  and  asked  what  it 
was.  Witness  explained  it  to  him,  and  told  him  that  he  had  a  half 
share  in  it,  and  was  arranging  with  the  Beck  Co.  to  manufacture 
it.     He  suggested  that  as  witness  had  a  great  deal  on  hand,  it  would 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,«12,  Makoii  1»,  1913.] 


427 


facilitate  mattorH  if  witneHH  would  allow  him  to  form  u  compiiny. 
At  HrHtlu)  (witiunH)  rojoctod  tho  propoHal,  iM'oaiiHo  hinlid  not  wibIi  to 
mako  a  ooiiipariy  of  it,  an  he.  wiHlicd  to  work  it  with  Mr.  .lohimon. 
Illtimatuly,  however,  he  agreed  that  tho  company  Hhould  bo  formod. 
It  waH  formed,  and  the  arrantfement  wa»  that  the  Beck  (Jo.  nhould 
manufacture  the  motern.  It  was  also  aifreeil  that  £500  xhould  l;e 
paid  to  the  Heck  Co.  to  provide  plant,  an  accumulator  houHe,  and 
put  up  a  testintr  room.  In  fact,  it  was  arranijed  that  they  Hhould 
put  themHelves  in  a  poHition  to  carry  on  tho  manufacture.  The 
plant  wan  exceptional,  and  had  to  bo  provided.  It  wan  not  true  that  he 
made  any  representationB  about  tho  Hock  (Jo.  at  that  time,  but  ho 
believed  it  would  have  been  in  a  position  to  carry  out  the  manu- 
facture of  the  meters,  or  he  would  have  had  nothinp:  to  do  with  it. 
He  was  supposed  to  have  a  salary  as  manapinp  director  of  the  Beck 
Co.,  but  he  did  not  always  (ret  it. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  have  you  ever  had  any  fees  as  a  director  of 
the  plaintitr  company  / — No,  not  from  either  company. 

Had  you  any  desire  to  falsify  the  minutes  at  all  ? — No,  certainly 
not. 

Or  any  object  in  falsifying^  them  as  alleged  .' — None  whatever. 

Examination  continued  :  The  meter  company  had  a  certain 
amount  of  capital  lyinp  idle,  and  the  Beck  Co.  had  no  money  imme- 
diately available,  and  I  sufrgrested  that  it  would  be  to  our  mutual 
advantagfe  to  ai'sist  the  Beck  Co.  financially.  At  that  time  we 
could  not  have  made  use  of  the  money  for  the  sale  of  the  meters, 
as  the  meter  was  not  then  in  a  sufliciently  advanced  form. 

Have  you  in  any  way  Boug^ht  by  these  transactions  which  are 
questioned  in  this  action  to  secure  profit  or  advantage  for  yourself  / 
— None  whatever.     I  have  suffered  in  pocket  and  in  health. 

Is  it  true  that  on  any  occasion  you  have  made  false  assertions  to 
Mr.  Spiller  .'—No. 

In  cross-examination  by  Mr.  Atkin.  Witness  said  that  in  Aupust, 
lillO.  ha  thought  the  Beck  Co.  was  in  a  satisfactory  financial  posi- 
tion, and  Mr.  Spiller  knew  the  exact  position  of  that  company. 

After  some  further  evidence,  the  Jury  found  a  verdict  in  favour 
of  the  plaintiff  company,  and  awarded  them  £48G  damages. 

Judgment  was  accordingly  entered  for  the  plaintiffs  with  costs, 
but  a  stay  was  granted  with  a  view  to  possible  appeal. 


OsRAM  Lamp  Wokks,   Ltd.,   r.  Freeman. 

In  the  Chancery  Division  on  March  7th,  Mr.  Justice  Sargant  had 
before  him  this  case,  on  a  motion  to  restrain  an  alleged  infringe- 
ment of  the  plaintiffs'  patent. 

Mr.  J.  Hunter  Gray  (for  plaintiffs)  explained  that  the  patent 
had  been  certified  as  valid  by  Mr.  Justice  Warrington  as  the  result 
of  a  trial  before  him  last  year,  which  lasted  two  or  three  weeks. 
Since  then  there  had  been  a  very  large  number  of  infringing  lamps 
made  abroad,  imported  into  this  country,  and  sold  through 
retailers.  The  patent  was  for  a  metal-filament  incandescent  lamp, 
and  there  was  no  process  except  plaintiffs'  by  which  this  filament 
could  be  made. 

Sir  Alfred  Cripps,  K.C.  (for  the  defendant)  said  his  client  was 
not  the  manufacturer  but  merely  the  retailer.  Immediately  the 
motion  was  launched  the  defendant  told  plaintiffs  this  and  offered 
to  abide  the  result  of  an  action  which  plaintiff's  were  bringing  against 
the  manufacturers — the  Gabriel  Co.  In  these  circumstances, 
counsel  urged  that  it  was  extremely  oppressive  for  the  plaintiffs 
to  have  continued  the  proceedings  against  the  retailer,  and  asked 
that  plaintiffs  should  be  ordered  to  pay  the  costs  of  the  motion. 

His  Lordship  :  Is  there  a  substantial  defence  on  the  part  of 
the  manufacturer .' 

Sir  Alfred  Cripps  :  Certainly.  It  is  not  evidence  now,  but  I  may 
say  that,  according  to  an  affidavit  of  Mr.  Ballantyne,  there  is  a  very 
substantial  defence.  We  are  iiot  using  the  process  upheld  before 
Mr.  Justice  Warrington,  but  something  quite  different.  We  are 
not  going  to  tell  them  now  what  it  is. 

His  Lordship  :  It  would  be  very  oppressive  on  the  manufacturer 
for  the  process  to  be  disclosed  by  the  retailer. 

Mr.  Gray  :  This  sort  of  thing  is  very  much  more  oppressive  on 
the  patentee. 

His  Lordship  (to  Sir  Alfred)  :  Are  you  prepared  to  keep  an 
account  of  the  lamps  sold  .' 

Sir  Alfred  Cripps  :  Certainly.  We  have  offered  that,  and  to 
abide  by  the  case  against  the  manufacturer.  We  say  that  from  the 
moment  that  offer  was  made,  no  costs  should  have  been  incurred. 

His  Lordship  made  no  order  on  the  motion,  and  reserved  the 
costs. 


Munday  i:  South  Metropolitan  Electric  Light  and  Power 
Co.,  Ltd.,  and  the  New  Gutta-Percha  Co.,  Ltd. 

On  March  6th  Mr.  Justice  Swinfen  Bady  heard  in  the  Chancery 
Division  an  application  on  behalf  of  the  South  Metropolitan 
Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  who  were  defendants  with  the 
New  Gutta-Percha  Co.,  Ltd.,  to  an  action  brought  against  them  by 
Mr.  Edgar  Lake  Munday.  Plaintiff  asked  for  an  injunction  to 
restrain  an  alleged  nuisance.  By  this  application  the  Electric  Co. 
asked  that  the  plaintiff  should  be  required  to  elect  against  which 
defendant  in  the  action  he  was  going  to  proceed,  and  that  so  far  as 
related  to  the  defendants  against  whom  he  elected  not  to  proceed, 
the  action  should  be  dismissed  with  costs. 

Mr.  Tomlin  appeared  for  the  applicants  ;  Mr.  Frank  Russell, 
K.C,  and  Mr.  J.  Edwards  for  the  plaintiff  ;  and  Mr.  A.  E.  Hughes 
for  the  New  Gutta-Percha  Co. 

Mb.  Tomlin  said  the  statement  of  claim  in  the  action 
alleged  that  the  defendants  carried  on,  or  permitted  to  carry  on, 
their  businesses  upon  their  respective  premises  at  Crocms  HU], 
Greenwich,   and   upon   the  roadway   or  passage   leading   thereto, 


known  us  May's  liuildiiig  Mi'WM,  m>  ut  to  cbum;  u  nui)iBn<;<i  by  noijte 
to  the  plaintiir  bh  the  ownrr  and  (Kicupicr  of  thi;  ilwellioi;  houne 
and  promiscH,  f>\,  CroomM  Hill.  Thonoinecomplaintd  of  wuxcauHwl 
by  tho  trafllc  of  lorries,  troUiirs,  and  other  vehicles.  A  nuixancc  w»ji 
also  caused  by  numljcrs  of  the  workmen  of  the  defendant  companies 
gathering  in  the  roadway  and  in  front  of  the  plaintiff'H  house  and 
scouting  and  making  a  noise  there.  Ht;  (counsel)  cont»;nde<l  tliat 
there  ha<l  been  an  improper  joinder  of  defendants. 

In  reply  to  his  L(jii().><inp,  Counsel  said  that  throughout  the  claim 
there  was  a  separate  tort  against  each  defendant  alleged,  and  no 
sort  of  connection  waH  alleged  between  the  defendantu,  who  carried 
on  separate  businesKes  on  separate  prcmiiieH  at  the  end  of  a  lane. 

His  LouDHiiiP  :  Which  of  the  two  defendants  knocked  the 
plaintiff's  wall  down  .' 

Mk.  Tomlin  said  he  did  not  know,  but  the  plaintiff  Hcemcd  to 
be  in  the  position  of  the  unfortunate  man  who  was  H<ineeze<l  between 
two  omnibuses,  and  sued  the  owners  of  l>oth,  because  he  did  not 
know  who  was  the  squeezer.  Plaintiff  ought  to  be  compelled  to 
elect  against  which  defendant  he  intended  to  proceed. 

Mr.  Hu(;he.'<,  for  the  New  (intta-Percha  Co.,  supported  Mr. 
Tomlin's  argument. 

Mr.  Russell  said  it  was  not  possible  to  aay  whose  lorry  was 
passing  or  whose  goods  were  being  carried  past  the  plaintiff's  boose 
on  any  particular  occasion.  Plaintiff  complained  that  defendants 
were  obstructing  his  right  of  way  and  making  life  intolerable— at 
all  events,  unpleasant,  by  reason  of  the  noise.  He  could  not,  how- 
ever, tell  which  defendant's  workmen  made  more  noise  than  the 
other — it  was,  however,  a  combined  noise  of  the  workmen  which 
constituted  the  nuisance. 

His  Lordship  said  it  was  not  disputed  that  the  defendants 
respectively  had  a  certain  right  of  way,  but  the  extent  of  it  was 
disputed  by  the  plaintiff.  It  appeared  manifest  that  plaintiff 
alleged  a  wrong  or  tort  committed  by  each  of  the  defendants.  In 
each  case  the  defendants  claimed  a  right  of  way,  and  in  each  case  it 
was  a  question  of  what  the  defendants  had  separately  done.  He 
was  of  opinion  that  the  plaintiff  must  be  put  to  his  election  as  to 
which  of  the  defendants  he  desired  to  proceed  against,  and  the  action 
must  be  stayed  against  the  other  defendant. 


Osram  Lamp  Works,  Ltd.,  <•.  Louis  Schloss  A:  Co. 

On  Friday  last  Mr.  Justice  Swinfen  Eady,  in  the  Chancery  Division, 
decided  a  motion  by  plaintiff's  against  defendants,  of  3,  Rangoon 
Street,  Crutched  Friars,  for  an  interim  injunction  to  restrain  the 
infringement  of  the  plaintiffs'  patent  No.  23,899,  of  1904,  relating 
to  tungsten  filaments  for  lamps. 

Mr.  Colefax,  K.C,  (with  him  Mr.  J.  Hunter  Gray),  instructed  by 
Messrs.  Bristows,  Cooke  &  Carpmael,  appeared  for  the  plaintiffs,  and 
the  defendants  were  represented  by  Mr.  Frost. 

Mr.  Colefax,  in  opening  the  plaintiffs'  case,  said  they  had 
purchased  a  number  of  "  Edna  "  lamps  from  the  defendants.  They 
had  been  submitted  to  Dr.  Oberlander,  who  had  sworn  an  affidavit 
that  they  had  been  manufactured  in  infringement  of  one  or  other 
of  the  plaintiffs'  patents.  The  defendants  said  they  purchased  the 
lamps  from  the  Societe  Anonyme  Metal  et  Lumiere,  of  63,  Rue  dn 
Marche,  Brussels,  and  the  Belgian  company  stated  that  the  lamps 
were  made  in  Italy — by  the  Societa  Edison  and  Cruto  Clerici  et  Cie, 
of  Milan — whose  works  were  at  Turin.  There  was  evidence  on 
«  behalf  of  the  Belgian  company  showing  that  a  gentleman  con- 
nected with  them  had  seen  the  Italian  company's  works,  but  he 
did  not  give  any  detail  of  the  manufacture,  and,  so  far  as  detail 
was  concerned,  it  was  left  to  a  Mr.  Maurice  Bayet  to  put  it  in 
evidence. 

Counsel  reminded  his  Lordship  that  the  Osram  patents  had  been 
upheld  by  Mr.  Justice  Warrington,  in  an  action  against  the  '"/." 
Lamp  Manufacturing  Co.  On  the  present  application,  he  had  an 
affidavit  by  Mr.  Wm.  L.  Pakenham,  the  superintendent  of  the 
"  Z  "  Co.,  who  had,  in  fact,  seen  the  "Edna"  lamps  manufactured 
in  Italy,  and  he  said  that  the  process  was  precisely  that  which  was 
carried  on  by  his  own  company  in  this  country,  and  which  had 
been  found  to  be  an  infringement.  After  describing  the  plaintiffs" 
mode  of  manufacture,  Mr.  Colefax  said  that  the  patent  of  1904 
consisted  in  the  use  of  steam  and  hydrogen,  and  the  other  patent, 
in  the  use  of  nitrogen  and  hydrogen.  The  defendants  in  the  action 
against  the  "  Z  "  Co.,  said  they  did  not  use  steam,  but  only  hydrogen, 
but  it  was  found,  as  a  fact,  that  there  was  still  sufficient  trace  of 
moisture  left. 

The  affidavit  of  Dr.  Oberlander  stated  that  he  had  examined  the 
Edna  lamps  submitted  to  him,  and  he  was  satisfied  that  the  pro- 
cess used  in  their  manufacture  was  an  infringement  of  the 
plaintiffs'  patents. 

Mb.  Feost  read  the  affidavit  of  Louis  Schloss,  which  stated  that 
he  was  a  dealer  in  lamps.  The  "  Edna  "'  lamps  were  not  manufac- 
tured by  him,  but  purchased  from  the  Brussels  company  above 
referred  to. 

The  affidavit  of  Michel  Biske,  managing  director  of  the  Brussels 
company,  stated  that  all  the  lamps  sold  by  them  to  the  defendants 
were  manufactured  by  the  Italian  company  at  their  works  in  Turin. 
'  The  affidavit  of  Carlo  Clerici,  eon  of  a  director  of  the  Italian 
company,  showed  that  he  had  made  a  study  of  lamps,  and  he 
visited  the  works  of  the  Italian  company  and  knew  that  neither 
steam  nor  hydrogen  was  used  to  prevent  oxidisation  of  the 
filaments. 

Commenting  on  the  defendants'  evidence,  Mr.  Colefa.x  said 
that  Clerici  was  the  responsible  person,  but  he  did  not  go  into  any 
details  of  the  manufacture.  When  the  filament  had  got  to  its  last 
stage,  in  order  to  raise  it  to  a  sufficient  temperature,  the  Italians 
said  they  passed  a  current  of  electricity  through  it.  Precisely  the* 
same  suggestion  was  made  in  the  action  against  the    "  Z  "  Co., 


428 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REATIiW.      [Voi.  72.  no.  1,812,  maech  li,  1913. 


and  on  that  issue  beinp  fonpht  out.  Mr.  Justice  Warrinpton  found 
that,  in  effect,  there  was  a  minnte  quantity  of  moisture  clinpingr  to 
the  bell-jar,  which,  in  fact,  effected  the  removal  of  the  carbon.  He 
sufrgrested  that  the  defendants  were  swearinfr  by  the  card  rather 
than  statin gr  what  the  process  really  was. 

His  LoBD.'-Hip  :  Ic  the  process  described  by  the  defendants 
soppoainff  there  is  an  imperfect  yacaum,  what  is  there  to  prevent 
the  oxidisation  of  the  tnnesten  .' 

Mr.  Colefax  :  Nothinp.  unless  hydrogen  is  put  in.  Our  patent 
trets  out  the  carbon  without  oxidisation. 

Mr.  Frost  :  The  carbon  is  removed  in  vaonum.  The  vacuum 
beinu  enfiiciently  complete  there  is  not  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
oiypen  remaining  to  destroy  the  filament. 

Mn.  CoLEFAS  :  The  only  evidence  given  by  the  defendants  does 
not  put  forward  any  ench  story,  but,  on  the  contrary,  fays  an 
electrical  current  is  used. 

His  Lordship  :  Are  the  lamps  manufactured  by  the  Italian  com- 
pany Bold  in  Italy  as  "Z"  lamps  .' — Mb.  Coi.efax  :  Yes.  I  fubmit 
that  in  the  absence  of  any  affidavit  from  Clerici  telling  us  exactly 
what  the  process  is,  we  are  entitled  to  an  injunction.  Mr.  Justice 
Warrington  has  found  that  there  is  no  direction  in  the  specification 
to  introduce  steam. 

Mr.  Frost,  for  the  defendants,  submitted  that  ae  Clerici's 
affidavit  was  not  contradicted,  the  motion  failed. 

His  Lordship  :  Does  he  explain  anvwhere  how  it  is  that  the 
tungsten  does  not  get  oxidised  .' — Mb.  Frost  :  Xo. 

His  Lordship  :  That  is  rather  important. 

Mr.  Feost  :  These  things  are  very  extraordinary.  In  the 
previous  case  against  the  ''Z  "  Co.  it  was  argued  that  there  was  no 
steam  left  in  the  bell  jar.  That,  of  course,  has  now  gone.  We 
contended  that  the  carbon  was  actually  distilled  off  without 
chemical  action. 

His  LoBDSHiP :  The  affidavit  of  Bayet  throws  over  Mr. 
Swinburne's  theory  of  the  physical  volatilisation. 

Mb.Fbos;t  :  That  is  his  opinion.  If  there  is  no  hydrogen  intro- 
jjuced  into  this  vacuum,  there  is  an  answer  to  this  case. 

His  Lordship,  in  giving  judgment,  said  he  need  only  deal  with 
the  first  of  the  plaintiffs'  patents— that  of  1!"04.  The  plaintiffs 
had  established  the  validity  of  that  patent  in  the  action  before  Mr. 
Justice  Warrington,  and  also  that  the  "  Z  "'  Manufacturing  Co.  had 
infringed  it.  It  now  appeared  that  the  defendants,  Louis  Schloss 
and  Co.,  imported  lamps,  which,  according  to  the  plaintiffs"  allega- 
tions, were  made  in  infringement  of  the  patent,  and  in  the  same 
way  as  the  lamps  which  were  the  subject  of  the  former  action. 
According  to  the  evidence  adduced  on  behalf  of  the  defendants  in 
the  former  action,  it  was  said  that  no  steam  or  hydrogen,  or 
hydrogen  with  a  small  quantity  of  water,  was  used,  and  that, 
therefore,  there  was  no  infringement.  The  plaintiffs"  process  was 
to  protect  the  filament,  and  the  defendants  said  the  process  used  in 
the  manufacture  of  Edna  lamps  was  to  remove  the  carbonaceous 
material  by  electricity,  and  although  that  was  done  in  a  vacuum, 
the  vacuum  was  imperfect,  and  thera  was  a  sufficient  residuum  of 
air  left  for  the  removal  of  the  carbon.  Mr.  Biske  said  that  he 
had  visited  the  Italian  company's  works,  but  he  did  not  in  terms 
say  that  he  had  witnessed  the  manufacturing  process.  All  he  said 
was  that  the  carbon  was  removed  by  placing  the  filament  in  a 
vacuum,  and  raising  it  by  means  of  current  to  a  high  temperature. 
In  other  words,  he  attributed  the  oxidisation  of  the  carbon  to  the 
^mall  quantities  of  air  remaining  in  the  vacuum.  Mr.  Clerici  did  not 
Kive  any  details  in  his  affidavit  of  the  way  in  which  the  filaments 
were  manufactured.  He  denied  that  certain  gases  were  introduced, 
but  there  was  no  denial  of  the  introduction  of  hydrogen 
alone.  On  the  other  hand,  it  seemed  clear  from  the 
affidavit  of  Dr.  Uberlander  that  unless  some  means  were 
adopted  to  protect  the  tungsten  in  the  filament  from  oxidisation, 
the  introduction  of  a  hieh  electrical  cnrrfnt  wonld  res-jlt  in  the 
destruction  of  the  tungsten  filament.  "  Having  regard  to  that 
evidence,"'  said  his  Lordship,  '"  I  am  of  opinion  that  for  the  pnr- 
]>08e8  of  the  present  motion  it  has  been  shown  that  these  lamps 
are  really  manufactured  in  the  same  way  as  the  lamps  of  the  "  Z  " 
Co.  in  the  previous  action."  Mr.  Pakerham,  the  superintendent  of 
the  "2  "  Co..  had  se^n  the  Italian  process,  and  said  it  was  the  same 
as  that  of  the  plaintiffs.  There  would,  therefore,  be  an  interlocu- 
tory injunction  against  the  defendants  on  the  plaintiffs'  under- 
taking in  damages,  and  the  usual  order  as  to  costs. 


Electrical  Trade  in   Switzerland.— The  year   ];ii2 

was  a  record  year  for  the  Swiss  machinery  and  electrical  industry. 
Factories  were  so  full  of  work  that  delivery  to  date,  in  many  cases, 
was  impossible.  Orders  were  booked  for  large  electrical  units  for 
the  Augst-Wighlen  station,  and  also  for  that  at  Laufenbnrg.  The 
enlargement  of  power  stations,  and  the  extension  of  distribution 
networks,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  created  a  lively  demand  for 
generators,  transformers  and  motors.  In  view  of  the  monopolisa- 
tion of  electric  supply  by  the  Cantons  and  Communes,-  private 
capital  abstained  from  putting  torth  new  schemes.  The  electrifi- 
cation of  the  Federal  railway  svptem.  which  is  to  be  undertaken 
at  no  distant  period,  invoives  the  establishment  of  new  generating 
stations  to  supply  the  current  which  will  be  required.  In  con- 
tra^ with  the  temporary  lull  in  electric  circles  in  Switzerland, 
orders  for  water  turbines  came  from  abroad,  and  especially  from 
oversea  countries,  in  ever-increasing  numbers.  Business  in  steam 
turbin(>s  wae  also  extremely  satisfactory. 


REVIEWS. 


Desiifn  of  EUrtricdl  Miirhinertj.  Vol.  III.  By  W.  T. 
Ryax.  London  :  Chapman  k  Hall,^Ltd.  Price  68.  6d. 
net. 

This  is  the  third  volume  of  a  series  of  books  by  the 
author  on  electrical  desij^n,  and  deals  with  alternators, 
synchronous  motors,  and  rotary  converters,  the  two  preceding 
volumes  having  discussed  direct-current  machines  and 
alt<?rnating-current  transformers  respectively. 

Different  types  of  alternating-current  generators  and  their 
characteristics  are  descril.)ed  in  the  first  chapter.  A  number 
of  e.xtracts  from  specifications  and  the  A.I.E.E.  standardisa- 
tion rules,  together  with  some  miscellaneous  information  on 
windings,  vector  diagrams,  Arc,  are  given. 

Chapter  2  deals  with  the  design  of  alternators  and 
synchronous  motors,  and  the  treatment  is  (luite  modern. 
A  number  of  tables  are  given  relating  to  output  coefficients, 
specific  loadings,  air-gap  densities,  and  so  on — all  of  which 
are  on  the  safe  side.  Field  and  voltage  wave  forms  are 
treated  fairly  thoroughly,  as  is  also  armature  inductance. 

Following,  we  have  1 1  pages  devoted  to  the  design  of 
rotary  converters,  and  the  author  states  that  he  has  only 
considered  the  points  wheiein  a  rotary  is  different  from 
either  a  synchronous  motor  or  a  direct-current  generator. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  information  given  is  of  the  most 
elementary  and  discursive  character.  Some  definite  diita 
should  surely  have  Ijeen  given  as  to  the  different  pro- 
portioning of  the  various  parts,  conductor  sections,  number 
of  conductors  in  series  per  pole,  &c. 

The  concluding  chapter  gives  a  number  of  reproductions 
from  working  drawings  of  a  I^O-k.v.a.  2,200-volt 
alternator. 

The  book  consists  of  127  pages  of  matter,  with  a  seven- 
page  index.  Distributed  amongst  this  127  jMiges  are  5.") 
photographic  reproductions  of  machines  and  parts  of 
machines,  strongly  suggestive  of  manufacturers'  catalogues, 
and  it  may  at  once  be  stated  that  the  great  majority  are 
useless  from  an  educational  standpoint*  The  price  is 
altogether  unreasonably  expensive. — H.  G.  S. 


Thi  Pradiial  Tehphoiw  Handbook.    By  J.  Poole,  A.M.I.E.E. 
London  :  Whittaker  &Co.     Fifth  edition.     Price  Gs.  net. 

Dr.  Fleming  recently  remark(?d,  in  the  coui"se  of  a  series 
of  lectures  which  he  was  delivering  on  wireless  telegraphy, 
that  nowadays  it  was  quite  impossible  for  a  man  to  be  an 
all-round  telegraph  engineer — he  must  specia]i.«e  in  one  of 
the  branches  into  which  the  profession  is  divided,  each  of  i 
which  in  itself  constitutes  a  life's  study.  In  none  of  the  sub- 
divisions of  telegraph  engineering  are  these  remarks  more 
true  than  in  connection  with  t  Jephony.  Only  a  few  years 
ago,  telephony  formed  a  part,  and  only  a  small  part,  of  the 
work  of  the  inland  telegraph  engineer.  At  present,  howe^■er, 
telephony  has  grown  to  such  an  e.xtent  as  completely  to 
overshadow  the  older  art,  and  rapid  developments  and  changes 
are  still  taking  place.  The  difficulty  of  keeping  abreast  of 
modem  practice  in  the  telephone  field  is  only  too  well  known 
to  the  engineers  and  other  officials  connected  with  the  tele- 
phone industry,  and  by  them  the  appearance  of  an  up-to-date 
edition  of  the  work  under  review  will  be  welcomed.  The 
greater  number  of  readers  are,  in  all  probability,  familiar 
with  this  book  in  earlier  editions,  and  to  them  we  need  only 
say  that  the  old  standard  oi"  excellence  has  been  well  main- 
tained in  the  present  one,  which  has  been  considerably 
revised  and  enlarged.  For  the  benefit,  however,  of  any 
readers  who  may  not  be  acquainted  with  the  work,  wo  give 
a  short  sketch  of  the  ground  which  it  covers. 

The  first  chapter  gives  a  brief  outline  of  the  elementary 
electrical  phenomena  upon  which  the  science  of  telephony  is 
founded.  Then  follows  a  chapter  on  batteries,  and  one  in 
which  the  history  of  the  development  of  the  tclei)honc  is 
rapidly  sketched. 

The  various  pieces  of  apparatus,  the  different  exchange 
arrangements,  including  some  special  exchange  systems,  and 
automatic   working,   are   described    in   considerable  detail. 


voi.7j.   No.  i,si,.,MA.uM,  II,  i!.i:.i      THE    ELECTlilCAL    HFiVIKW. 


42'.) 


Chapters  are  jjivcn  on  Lhi'  apparatim  room  ;  power  plant ; 
tratlic  statistics  ;  construction — overlieml,  imderpronnd  and 
Bubmnrinc  ;  loiuling,  including  a  brief  sketdi  of  Dr. 
Kennelly's  tlioory  of  artificial  cables  ;  the  localisation  of 
faults  ;  electrical  measurements  ;  development  studies  ;  and 
wireless  teloj)hony.  The  book  concludes  with  a  chapter  on 
tlie  miscellaneous  applications  of  telephony,  such  us  tlie 
electrophone  service  ;  police  and  fire  alarms  ;  the  telauto- 
graph ;  and  several  otlicrs.  At  the  end  of  the  book  many 
useful  notes  and  tables  have  been  collected  into  an  appendix. 

The  book  is  well  printed,  the  diagrams  are  clear,  and  we 
can  recommend  it  to  all  who  wish  to  obtain  an  up-to-date 
book  on  telephony  at  a  reasonable  price. 

We  have  only  two  adverse  criticisms  to  ofVer. 

In  dealing  witii  the  Leclanchc  cell,  on  page  81,  the 
author  remarks  that  in  setting  up  this  cell  care  should  be 
taken  to  exclude  manganese  dioxide  dust.  It  has  been 
shown  by  Mr.  .1.  (!.  Lucas,  in  a  paper  read  before  the 
Institution  of  Post  OfKce  Electrical  Engineers,  that  this  is  a 
fallacy,  and  that  a  Leclanchc  cell,  in  which  powdered 
manganese  dioxide  is  used,  is  much  more  efficient  than  one 
in  which  the  granulated  substance  is  employed. 

We  notice  with  regret,  on  pages  105  and  40i;,  that  in 
dealing  with  the  theory  of  telephone  transmission,  the  author 
has  used  the  symbol  a  to  denote  the  wave-length  constant, 
and  /3  to  denote  the  attenuation  constant.  The  best  English 
writers  on  this  subject,  among  whom  may  be  mentioned 
Dr.  .r.  A.  Fleming  and  Messrs.  Cohen  and  Shepherd, 
use  a  to  denote  the  attenuation  constant,  and  )S  to  denote 
the  wave-length  constant.  This  manner  of  using  the 
symbols  is  that  which  follows  naturally,  in  the  theoretical 
investigation  of  the  subject,  from  the  mathematical  con- 
ventions ordinarily  employed  in  algebra  and  geometry. 

It  seems  very  undesirable  to  use  the  same  pair  of  symbols 
with  reversed  meanings,  and  we  hope  that  in  future  editions 
of  the  work  under  review  this  matter  will  be  put  right. 


Wireless  Telef/inphi/  oiid   Telephoiuj.      By  W.   J.  White. 
London  :  Whittaker  &  Co.     Price  28.  6d.  net. 

The  author's  aim  has  been  to  provide  the  general  reader 
with  a  sufficient  acquaintance  with  the  fundamental  principles 
of  electricity  and  magnetism,  to  enable  him  to  follow  intelli- 
gently the  principles  and  practice  of  wireless  telegraphy  and 
telephony.  The  work  is  neither  a  scientific  treatise  nor  a 
"  popular"  book  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  the  word.  To  treat 
a  highly  technical  subject  in  a  manner  which  shall  enable  the 
layman  to  obtain  a  reasonable  insight  into  its  theory  and 
practice,  without  consulting  other  works,  necessarily  involves 
the  devotion  of  considerable  space  to  introductory  matter, 
and,  in  our  opinion,  what  is  needed  (and  what  is,  indeed, 
already  available  in  various  forms)  is  a  popular  handbook 
dealing  with  the  elements  of  electricity  and  magnetism  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  absolve  the  author  of  a  popular  treatise 
on  any  electrical  subject  from  descanting  on  introductory 
matter,  which  is,  after  all,  practically  the  same  in  every 
case.  As  matters  stand  at  present,  almost  every  popular 
handbook  on  electrical  subjects — and,  for  that  matter,  most 
of  the  higher-grade  text-books  as  well — is  encumbered  by 
preliminary  chapters  dealing  with  amber,  yXfKTpov,  magnetic 
needles.  Ampere's  "  swimming  rule,"  and  so  forth.  The 
space  a\  ailable  for  the  branch  of  electrotechnics  actually  in 
hand  is  consequently  curtailed.  Surely  it  is  not  too  much  to 
hope  that  this  profitless  repetition — wearisome  to  the  reader 
and  involving  loss  of  time  and  space  to  the  author — 
will  be  eliminated  from  electrical  and  other  technical  and 
scientific  handbooks  at  no  distant  date.  As  the  result  of  the 
space  devoted  to  introductory  matter — which  is,  be  it  under- 
stood, excellent  in  itself— the  subject  of  wire  telegraphy  is 
not  reached  before  page  40  in  the  present  volume,  and  the 
subject  of  wireless  telegraphy  is  broached  on  page  04  ;  some 
20  pages  are  devoted  to  wireless  telephony. 

The  introductory  pages  deal  with  frictional  electricity, 
voltaic  electricity,  and  the  storage  of  electricity  in  secondary 
cells.  The  section  on  magnetism  affords  an  excellent  intro- 
duction to  the  principle  of  action  of  telegraphic  instruments. 
The  Morse  key,  code,  sounder,  recorder,  and  relay,  &c..  are 


treatc^d  of  iu  (,'hupter  111,  while  (Jhaptcr  i  V  in  devoted  to  win; 
telegraph  circuits  and  working.  The  latter  Htction  in  brief 
(H  pp.),  and  in  itself  exrallent,  but  it  might  eaHily  have  Ixjen 
omitted  from  a  treatise  on  wireless  U;legrapby  and  tel';phony. 

Chapter  V  explains  the  principle  and  limitationH  of  wire- 
less telegraphy  l)y  induction,  and  by  utilising  two  more  or 
less  remote  waterpaths  across  a  river — the  latter  Hystem 
simply  avoiding  the  necessity  for  c-arrying  wires  across  or 
through  the  river,  and  l)eing  largely  used  at  the  present  day 
across  a  number  of  Indian  rivers.  Proceeding,  the  author 
describes  and  discusses  induction  systems,  and^hen  turns  to 
the  generation  and  telegraphic  application  of  high-freqnency 
oscillations.  The  work  of  Hertz  and  the  application  of  hia 
results  in  tuned  '  circuits  are  discussed  briefly,  but  very 
clearly,  and  the  present  limitations  of  wireless  telegraphy  in 
respect  of  secrecy  are  i)ointed  out.  Chapter  VI L  dtscribing 
the  function  and  conttruction  of  spark  gaps,  Righi's  and 
Chunder  Bose's  oscillators,  and  the  coherer  and  tapper,  leads 
the  reader  to  a  clear  conception  of  the  mud  us  iipiriindi  of 
Marconi's  system.  Chapters  IX-X 1 1  respectively  deal  with 
the  Telefunken,  Lodge-Muirhead,  I)e  Forrest,  and  Fessenden 
systems,  and  clearly  explain  their  characteristic  features  and 
advantages. 

Recent  progress  and  improvements  in  apparatus  are  con- 
sidered in  Chapters  \W  and  XV  ;  most  general  readers 
would  appreciate  a  rather  fuller  description  of  results  already 
obtained,  distance  of  transmission,  general  location  of  the 
chief  present  and  proposed  stations  (preferably  illustrated 
by  a  map),  and  a  more  complete  review  of  miscellaneous 
present  and  prospective  applications  of  wireless  signalling. 
The  Fessenden  high-frequency  alternator  is  illustrated  and 
briefly  described,  but  the  author  certainly  attaches  too  little 
importance  to  the  possibilities  of  high-frequency  electro- 
mechanical generators,  and  no  mention  is  made  of  the 
Goldschmidt  machine. 

The  general  production  and  style  of  the  book  are  excellent, 
but  the  unorthodox  spelling  "  oscillagraph  "  is  repeated  a 
number  of  times.  It  is  a  pity  that  some  of  the  space 
devoted  to  introductory  matter  could  not  have  been  allocated 
to  some  of  the  recent  important  developments,  which  receive 
no  mention,  but  the  volume  suffers  much  less  than  would  be 
expected  from  being  a  revised  early  edition.  By  an  over- 
sight the  author  has  allowed  1905  (page  145)  still  to  be 
referred  to  as  "last  year"  in  the  1912,  as  in  the  1906 
edition.  The  book  is  to  be  recommended  as  a  clear  exposi- 
tion of  wireless  telegraphy  and  telephony,  sufficiently  com- 
plete for  the  needs  of  the  general  reader. 


Common-Battery  Telephony  Simplified.  By  Walter 
Atkins  (Engineering  Department,  G.P.O.).  London  : 
The  Eleitrician  Printing  and  Publishing  Co.,  Ltd.  Price 
38.  net. 

Probably  in  no  branch  of  applied  electricity  are  more 
involved  and  complex  systems  met  with  than  in  modern 
common-battery  telephony. 

The  full  diagrams  of  the  connections  of  these  systems  are 
so  intricate  that  the  student  experiences  very  great  difficulty 
in  tracing  out  the  paths  of  the  currents  concefted  in  the 
various  operations  of  calling,  clearing,  &c.  It  is  almost 
absolutely  necessary,  in  order  to  obtain  a  clear  grasp  of  the 
actions  which  take  place,  to  cut  out  from  the  complete 
diagram  everything  not  concerned  in  the  particular  phase  of 
the  working  being  studied,  and  to  draw  a  simple  diagram 
which  enables  the  attention  to  be  concentrated  on  the 
circuits  and  pieces  t  f  apparatus  actually  involved. 

The  difficulty  is,  however,  immediately  met  with  that 
when  the  working  of  the  circuits  represented  on  the  full 
diagram  is  not  properly  understood,  it  is  by  no  means  easy  to 
draw  these  simple  diagrams — the  knowledge,  which  the 
student  wishes  to  acquire,  being  necessary  to  enable  him  to 
unravel  the  complexities  which  he  meets  with.  The  author 
of  the  present  volume  has  recognised  this  difficulty,  and  has 
produced  a  book  which  should  smooth  the  path  of  the 
beginner,  and  also  be  acceptable  to  those  who  are  actually 
engaged  in  the   telephone  field — for,  owing   to    the   rapid 


480 


THE    ELECTEICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.  72.  No.  1,842,  maech  u,  1913. 


developments  of  the  subject,  any  means  by  which  the  work 
of  keeping  abreast  of  modem  progress  can  be  facilitated  is 
welcomf. 

The  writer  has  omitted  all  padding  in  the  form  of 
descriptions  of  obsolete  methods,  discussions  on  theoretical 
(juestionp,  and  photographs  of  exchanges  and  apparatus.  He 
has  confined  himself  to  describing  the  principles  of  the 
common- battery  telephone  system,  as  used  to-day  by  the 
British  Post  Office. 

The  book  is  divided  into  sections  dealing  with  the  main 
frame  and  ajfj^aratus  room,  subscribers'  switchboard  arrange- 
ments, junctions,  subscribers'  apparatus,  testing  arrange- 
ments, and  several  miscellaneous  circuits,  such  as  supervisor's, 
observation  and  intc'rce])tion  circuits,  electrophone  arrange- 
ments, and  some  special  types  of  switchboard. 

An  appendix  is  added,  in  which  the  colonr  scheme 
used  for  switchboard  cables  is  given,  and  also  one  dealing 
with  the  voltmeter  method  of  measuring  resistances. 

The  book  is  well  printed  on  good  paper,  the  diagrams  are 
clear,  and  it  can  be  recommended  to  all  who  are  brought 
into  touch  in  any  way  with  common-battery  exchanges  ; 
especially  to  those  who  are  studying  the  subject  without 
the  aid  of  a  teacher. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Consular  Xotes. — India, — A  recent  report  by  the 
American  Consul  at  Bombay  stated  that  the  substitution  of  electric 
traction  for  steam  power  on  the  suburban  line  section  of  Bombay, 
which  had  been  under  consideration  by  the  Railway  Administration 
for  some  years,  had  reached  an  important  stage. 

If  electric  power  is  substituted  for  steam  traction  on  the  Great 
Indian  Peninsular  and  Bombay.  Baroda  and  Central  India  Railways, 
it  is  expected  that  both  lines  will  be  disposed  to  adopt  similar 
systems  to  facilitate  interworking.  It  is  understood,  however,  that 
the  intention  of  the  Bombay,  Baroda  and  Central  India  administra- 
tion is  only  to  carry  suburban  papseni,'pr  trafiBc  by  electricity,  there 
being  no  idea  at  present  of  using  electric  traction  for  either  freight 
work  or  on  the  main  lines.  A  number  of  newspaper  articles  have 
discussed  the  system  of  electrification  most  suitable  for  the  project, 
and  it  is  stated  that,  if  the  port  authorities  acquiesce  in  the  desira- 
bility of  electrifying  their  local  lines,  this  will  practically  eliminate 
the  introduction  in  Bombay  of  any  but  the  single-phase  alternating- 
current  system,  and  that  everything  points  to  the  expert  recom- 
mending the  installation  of  this  system.  Local  engineers  are  some- 
what at  variance  with  this  view,  and  results  obtained  on 
railways  in  the  United  States  are  cited  in  support  of 
their  argument  for  direct- current  operation. 

A  survey  will  shortly  be  carried  out  by  the  agency  of  the  Bombay, 
Baroda  and  Central  India  Railway  Co..  for  a  line  of  railway  on  the 
5  ft.  6  in.  gauge,  from  Gangapur,  on  the  Nagda-Muttra  section  of 
the  Bombay.  Baroda  and  Central  India  Railway,  to  Luni,  on  the 
Jcdhpur,  Bikaner  Railway,  a  distance  of  about  260  miles. 

Russia. — The  American  Consul  at  Moscow  reports  that  negotia- 
tions have  been  going  on  for  some  time  respecting  the  sale  of  the 
Rauchiali  waterfalls  on  the  river  Vuoxen,  and  an  agreement  has 
only  recntly  been  reached  under  which  the  proprietors  cede  all 
their  rights  to  a  Brussels  banking  house  for  a  little  over  £200,000. 
The  average  power  of  the  waterfall  is  48,469  h.p.  It  is  said  that 
the  purchasers  contemplate  delivering  the  current  to  be  generated 
by  the  fall  for  power  purposes  in  St.  Petersburg.  The  capital  of 
the  proposed  exploiting  syndicate  is  £4,000,000.  The  bank  in 
question,  it  is  stated,  is  also  negotiating  for  the  purchase  of  the 
Vallinkoski  PaUb,  the  second  in  importance  on  the  Vnoxen  River, 
which  will  yield  44  :i!t8  effective  h.p.  The  municipal  finance  com- 
mittee of  Finland  is  said  to  be  considering  a  project  for  a  far  line 
between  Helsingfors,  Haga  and  Munksuas.  The  Moscow  Electric 
Light  Co.  has  given  out  a  statement  of  its  business  in  1911.  which 
shows  a  net  profit  of  nearly  t<J  percent.  According  to  the  con- 
ditions of  the  contract  with  the  city  the  surplus  above  8  per  cent, 
must  be  distributed  among  the  consumers  of  electricity  in  pro- 
portion to  the  amount  consumed  by  them.  The  total  sum  subject 
to  distribution  amounts  to  £3,000,  and  each  subscriber  is  entitled 
to  receive  Is.  Hid.  on  every  £10  worth  of  electricity  consumed. 
The  company  has  presented  to  the  city  board  a  report  on  its 
development  during  the  past  three  years,  from  which  it  appears 
that  the  reduction  of  the  local  rate  has  promoted  it«  general 
progress.  The  average  cost  of  energy  has  been  reduced  from  7d.  to 
•"<}d.,  while  the  assets  of  the  company  have  increased  from  £1,4<  10,000 
to  £2,200,000.  The  number  of  elf-ctric  meters  installed  in  private 
dwellings  has  risen  from  14,000  to  33,000.  The  length  of  cable  ha,s 
increased  from  32.5  to  72.5  miles,  and  the  income  of  the  company 
from  £300,000  to  £4.5iJ  000  per  annum. 

The  American  t'onsnl  at  Moscow  also  reports  that  there  wa« 
a  considerable  increase  in  the  amount  of  electrical  power  used 
in     Russia    in     1911,    and     in     connection     with     this,     in     the 


production  of  electrical  machinery  principally  for  mining  and 
metallurgical  purposes.  The  greatest  progress  was  noted  in  the 
production  of  Diesel  engines,  while  there  was  also  a  larger  output 
of  cables,  tramway  and  telephone  equipment,  and  machinery  used 
in  the  production  of  ozone.  The  forward  movement  of  Russia's 
industries,  together  with  the  increased  agricultural  production, 
caused  the  continued  importation  of  various  systems  of  electric,  gas 
and  other  tractors,  as  w  ell  as  of  separate  equipments.  For  some 
time  to  come  Russian  manufacturers  will  not  be  able  to  satisfy  the 
demand.  A  considerable  amount  of  improved  machinery  for  work- 
ing metal  was  imported,  indicating  the  growth  of  machinery  build- 
ing in  the  country. 

Siam. — The  American  Consul  at  Bangkok  reports  that  estimates 
for  three  wireless  stations  and  installations  were  placed  in  the 
budget  of  Siam  for  the  fiscal  year  1912-13.  An  experimental  station 
of  the  Telefunken  system  was  erected  on  the  island  of  Kohsichang 
some  years  ago,  and  this  system  will  be  used  for  the  new  installa- 
tions. The  sites  for  the  land  stations  will  be  on  the  eminence  at 
the  exhibition  ground  at  Pratoomawan.  at  Kohsichang,  and  the 
third  on  the  top  of  the  hill  at  Singora.  Three  vessels  of  the  fleet 
are  to  be  equipped.  The  station  at  Singora  will  be  easily  able  to 
communicate  with  the  Telefunken  station  at  Sabang  during  the 
day  and  during  the  night  will  have  a  much  further  radius.  The 
Post  and  Telegraph  Department  will  connect  the  central  station  at 
Sapatum  with  the  Ministry  of  Marine  by  ordinary  telegraph,  and 
will  place  a  second  line  between  Post  Office  No.  2  and  Sapatum. 
Commercial  messages  will  be  dispatched  by  wireless,  but  it  is  not 
anticipated  that  the  system  will  compete  with  the  landlines. 

China. —  A  recent  report  by  a  German  commercial  agent  attached 
to  the  German  Consulate  at  Shanghai  refers  to  the  possibilities  for 
the  expansion  of  trade  with  China  in  electrical  and  similar  goods. 
Although  it  is  hardly  to  be  expected  that  the  electrical  trade  of 
China  will  develop  as  soon,  or  grow  as  quickly,  as  that  of  Japan, 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  considerable  expansion  will  take  place  in 
the  near  future.  Apart  from  English  companies  already  working  in 
the  market,  American  and  German  companies  are  displaying  con- 
siderable interest,  and  competition  is  bound  to  become  keener  than 
it  has  been  up  to  the  present.  The  larger  towns,  which  are  more 
and  more  beginning  to  undertake  the  installation  of  municipal 
stations,  are  probably  the  most  important  source  of  demand.  The 
extension  of  electric  tramways,  too,  will  call  for  important  supplies  : 
projects  for  such  tramways  are  already  in  hand  for  Pekin,  Hankow, 
Canton,  and  several  other  towns.  Electrical  firms  should  also 
consider  the  possible  demand  for  their  goods  on  the  part  of  mining 
and  metal  works.  Not  only  are  new  works  of  this  description  being 
undertaken,  but  existing  works  are  carrying  out  extensive  works 
for  the  modernisation  of  their  plant.  With  such  possibilities  of 
extension  there  will  be  excellent  opportunities  for  the  extension  of 
trade  in  electrical  goods  of  various  kinds,  and  chiefly  in  power  plant, 
lighting  plant,  lamps.  i:c.  Steam  power  is  chiefly  used  in  China  for 
driving  generators.  There  is  an  active  demand  for  water-tul)e  boilers, 
which  can  be  easily  transported  ;  boilers  made  by  Babcock  &  Wilcox 
are  specially  favoured.  English  steam  engines  find  a  good  sale. 
Turbines  are  in  demand  for  plants  of  over  500  h.p.,  but  for  smaller 
plants,  petroleum  motors  are  used,  as  petroleum  can  be  readily 
obtained  all  over  China. 

The  Austrian  Consul  at  Tientsin  reports  that  the  imports 
of  electrical  materials  into  that  port  in  1911  were  valued  at 
326,131  Haikwan  taels,  as  against  130,061  Haikwan  taels  in  1910. 
The  most  important  items  are  metal-filament  lamps,  insulated 
copper  wire,  electrical  materials  for  household  iostallations, 
copper  wire  for  electric  tramway  work,  motors,  Ac.  The  imjwrts 
of  telegraph  and  telephone  material  fell  from  299,190  Haikwan 
taels  in  1910,  to  77,853  Haikwan  taels  in  1911. 

The  American  Consul  at  Swatow  reports  that  the  project  of 
establishing  a  telephone  system  in  that  port,  which  was  much 
discussed  in  the  spring  and  summer  of  1912,  was  again  actively 
engaging  the  attention  of  local  capitalists  towards  the  end  of  the 
year,  and  it  was  anticipated  that  in  all  probability  the  scheme  this 
time  would  materialise.  It  should  be  remarked  that  practically 
the  same  men  who  financed  the  electric  light  system  and  the 
waterworks  are  backing  the  telephone  venture.  The  leading  man 
in  this  group  is  also  the  principal  shareholder  in  the  Swatow- 
Chacchowfu  Railway,  and  has  also  been  asked  to  serve  as  a  director 
of  the  proposed  Chaochow-Hinchow  line.  It  is  proposed  to  open 
with  a  small  exchange  of  about  100  subscribers,  and  it  is  not  expected 
that  there  will  be  over  250  subscribers  altogether  in  Swatow  later 
on.  Proportionately  a  great  deal  of  wiring  will  be  necessary, 
owing  to  the  distances  between  subscribers.  The  concession  was 
granted  last  October,  and  certain  English  and  German  manu- 
facturers sent  agents  to  study  local  conditions  and  submit  estimates. 
The  contract  was  to  have  been  let  before  the  end  of  1912.  No 
specifications  were  issued,  each  firm  tendering  being  expected  to 
draw  up  its  own.  Tenders  were  desired  for  the  complete  installa- 
tion, including  exchange,  instruments,  poles,  wiring,  ic.  Under  1 
these  conditions  it  was  obvious  that  a  manufacturer  wishing  to  bid 
would  have  to  send  an  engineer  to  Swatow  to  ascertain  the  con- 
ditions, and  it  was  not  believed  that  any  American  firm  manu- 
facturing telephone  supplies,  that  did  not  have  a  Far  Eastern 
agency,  would  be  in  a  position  to  send  a  representative  there  in  time 
to  submit  estimates,  and  that,  even  if  it  were,  the  contract  was  not 
larg  enough  to  warrant  the  heavy  expenses  involved  in  doing  so.  The 
waterworks  already  own  two  private  telephone  installations,  one  from 
the  intake  station  at  Ampo  to  Swatow,  and  another  from  Swatow 
to  Chenghai.  These  were  put  in  hy  the  China  and  Japan  Telephone 
Co.,  of  Hong-Kong,  a  British  concern,  which  naturally  secured 
advance  information  of  the  present  project.  Aa  indicated  above,  an 
agent  of  this  firm  has  already  visited  .'Jawtow.  The  local  German 
firm  of  Lauts  &  Haesloop  was  also  very  anxious  to  secure  the  con- 


Vol.  78.    No.  1,842,  MABon  14,  1918.]        THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


481 


tract.  Tho  Consul  oonoludm  wlkh  the  followind  ri'mark.i,  which 
are  uxtrt'iiit'Iy  intoreHlinif  :  -"Tho  .Swatow  Coiimilato  Ih  crnitly 
haiulicuppi'il  in  oirortM  toward  wturinif  Huch  oontractn  forAmoriuan 
firiiiH  Uy  th<i  absence  of  local  American  buHini'MH  hoiiscH  and  by  the 
lack  of  information  an  to  which  American  man u fact iirers  have 
auoncieH  in  (Jhina.  Tho  fir«t  diHi(!ult,y  in  unavoidable,  but  the 
second  in  due  to  tho  carelcHHncHH  of  the  American  oianufacturerH 
thomBelveH,  who  Hhould  notify  Conaulur  ollicerH  when  entabliHhinpr 
aKencirs  if  they  wIhIi  to  secure  the  a?«istance  of  the  Confular 
Bervice." 

Spain.  The  American  ConBul  at  Almoria  rcimrtn  that  the  wire- 
leBS  teleifraph  station  (nituated  on  a  hi(rh  hill  behind  Almeria  and 
half  a  mile  from  the  Hca),  belnnginu  to  the  Spanish  Government, 
has  recently  twen  ( quipped  with  new  apparatuB.  The  new  instru- 
mcnts,  manufactured  by  the  Telefunkcn  Co.,  arc  of  the  latest  type 
and  of  high  power.  The  station  is  in  constant  communication  with 
the  central  ofllce  at  Madrid  and  with  other  Spanish  portp. 

Catalof^ues    and    List.s. — The   Mkt.vi.mc    Skam^kss 

Tube  Co.,  Ltd.,  Birmingfham. — PoBtal  card  relating;  to  their 
"Metallic  "  cables  and  cords. 

Mkhshs.  1{.  H.  Pattkkson  A:  Co.,  Ltd.,  Forth  Street  Works, 
Newcastle-on-Tyne. — March  catalogue  of  new  and  second-hand 
elfctrica),  steam  and  other  machinery  for  sale  or  hire. 

Thk  Electiucal  Co.,  Ltd.,  122-124,  (;harin<j  Cross  Road, 
London,  W.C. — IS-page  pamphlet  (No.  14)  containing-  particulars, 
with  illustrations,  prices  and  sketches,  of  a  large  number  of  their 
standard  types  of  electric  measuring  instruments. 

Messrs.  C.  Melin  &  Co.,  7,  India  Street,  Crutohed  Friars, 
London,  EC. — 20-page  catalogue,  fully  illustrating  and  describing 
their  IJornkesjel  burners  and  blowpipes,  some  of  which  are  specially 
designed  for  use  by  electric  lamp  manufacturers,  while  others  are 
for  laboratory  and  workshop  service. 

Messrs.  Magic  Appmances,  Ltd.,  (>,  Farringdon  Avenue. 
London,  EC. — Illustrated  leaflet  giving  brief  particulars  and  prices 
of  their  "Osoillus  "  vibrator,  and  '"  Hotwynd  "  blower. 

Messrs.  Pass  &  Seymour  (Inc.)  ,  Solvay  Station,  Syracuse,  New 
York,  U.S.A. — Illustrated  folder,  showing  their  "  P.  and  S."  inter- 
changeable electric  lamp  sockets  "  24  sockets  made  from  1.5  parts." 

The  Hotpoint  Electric  Heatinc;  Co,  Canada  and  U.S.A.— 
Several  illustrated  lists  (with  prices)  of  Hotpoint  electric  irons,  also 
heating  and  cooking  apparatus. 

Messrs.  H.  Miller,  Ltd.,  Ha/.ebrouck,  France. — Lestlet  showing 
a  number  of  French  electric  measuring  instruments. 

The  Sterling  Telephone  and  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  200,  Upper 
Thames  Street,  London,  E.C. — Leaflet  No.  207,  giving  an  illustrated 
description  and  price  particulars  of  their  watertight  magneto 
mining  telephone. 

Fire. — We  learn  that  a  somewhat  serious  fire  occurred  at 
the  Sphere  Engineerirg  Works  of  Engineering  and  Arc 
La.mps,  Ltd.,  St.  Alban,«,  on  Saturday  night.  The  fire  was  first 
noticed  by  one  of  the  employes  at  the  North  Metropolitan  Electric 
Snpply  station  next  door,  who  promptly  gave  the  alarm,  at  nine 
o'clock.  Nobody  had  been  on  the  premises  since  half-past  four. 
No  reason  has  been  discovered  for  the  outbreak.  The  two  fire 
brigades  were  promptly  on  the  spot,  and  succeeded  in  arresting 
progress  of  the  flames.  Apparently  the  fire  originated  at  the 
south-east  corner  of  the  building,  and  three  gables  were  completely 
burnt  out  for  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  works,  and  the  coil- 
winding  department  was  also  completely  destroyed.  The  shafting 
was  very  much  injured,  but  damage  to  the  machinery  is  not  exten- 
sive, the  principal  loss  being  suffered  by  fiaished  stock  and  raw 
material.  The  damage  to  the  stock,  building  and  contents  is  about 
£4,000,  which  is  fully  covered  by  inturance.  It  is  hoped  to  have 
all  the  machines,  &c.,  working  within  five  weeks  ;  and  although 
part  manufacture  has  already  been  resumed,  the  indulgence  of 
clients  for  any  delays  in  delivery  is  requested. 

Dissolutions    and     Liquidations.  —  Rossendale 

Belting  Co.,  Ltd. — A  meeting  of  creditors  is  called  for  March 
14th,  at  7,  Norfolk  Street,  Manchester. 

Express  Cable  Inventions,  Ltd. — A  meeting  is  called  for 
April  11th,  at  29a,  Charing  Cross  Road,  London,  W.C,  to  hear  an 
account  of  the  winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  R.  H. 
Gillespie. 

Meldbum  Begs.,  Ltd.,  Timperley,  Manchester.— March  25th  is 
the  last  day  for  receipt  of  proofs  for  dividend  by  the  liquidator, 
Mr.  T.  Gregory,  3,  York  Street,  Manchester. 

Road  and  Rail  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.,  Derby.— First  and 
final  dividend  of  20s.  in  the  £,  payable  at  Smith's  Bank  Chambers, 
Market  Place,  Derby. 

Pybt:s  &  Co.,  electrical  engineers.  29,  Brov.'n  Street,  Manchester, 
and  Chorlton-cum-Hardy.  Messrs.  J.  H.  Pybus  and  T.  Pybus  ha^e 
disfolved  partnership.     Mr.  J.  H.  Pybus  attends  to  debts. 

Bankruptcy  Proceedings. — I.  W.  Lewsley,  electrician, 

65,  Bricrley  Street,  late  103,  Mansfield  R(  ad,  Nottingham.— The 
first  meeting  of  creditors  herein  was  held  at  Nottingham  last 
wei  k,  when  the  liabilities  were  put  at  £156,  and  there  was  a 
deficiency  of  £143.  It  transpired  that  the  debtor  started  trading 
in  partners-hip  with  another  in  1910,  with  a  capital  of  £160,  which 
was  contributed  equally  by  the  partners.  After  six  months'  trading 
the  partnership  was  terminated,  and  Lewsley  continued  to  carry  on 
the  business  on  his  own  account  until  1911,  when  he  executed  a 
deed  of  assignment.  Only  two  creditors,  however,  appeared  to 
have  assented  to  the  deed,  and  the  present  liabilities  were  due  to 
the  non-assenting  creditors. 

Messrs.  J.  &  F.  Mitchell  (Fred.  Mitchell  .^  Co.),  electrical 
engineers,  97,  Stockport  Road,  Ardwick,  Manchester.— Receiving 
order  made  March  6th,  on  debtor's  petition. 


RKHNAitn  MirmiKAVi;,  director  of  a  limited  company,  Howlok, 
near  Prnnton,  late  of  Antlcy  iiridifc  near  Bi»lt*)n.— Kiri-t  and  flnal 
dividend  of  3'2Id..  payable  March  l.'ith,  at  10,  Acro*lield,  Bolton. 

S»>ld  Out. — The  laxL  JHHUf;  of  the  Ki.kctiiicai,  Ukviku  wa* 
Wkld  out  early  on  pnbliHhing  morning  and  Home  of  our  n-gular 
reiwlorB  were  therefore,  unable  to  necure  their  UHUal  copied.  If  any 
such  readorM  who  may  still  deHire  to  complete  their  Mctn  will  apply 
to  tho  publiHher  he  will  endeavour  to  olitain  Hufllcient  copit^n  of  the 
last  i!4Hue  for  the  purpose. 

Trade    Announcement.— 'I'iik  'I'ohmo   Ma.m-kacti'h- 

lN(i  Co.,  of  Bunhill  Row.  K.C.  have  opened  a  branch  dep<'it  at 
><.  Peter  Street,  ManchcHter.  where  they  will  keep  a  representative 
stock  of  F.  anil  S.  ball  bearingH  and  Tormo  steel  tmlls. 

Book  IVotices. — Man  ml  for  Ike  me  of  Fin-  HTujmh)'. 
('ompiled  and  publiahed  by  the  National  Fire  Brigadeh'  Union  Inc., 
London.  Price  2fl.  6d.  net. — This  work  ha.s  been  issued  to  fill  a 
want,  owing  to  the  great  changes  which  have  taken  place  in  the 
methods  of  lire-fighting  in  recent  years  and  the  introduction  of 
improved  appliances  ;  it  is  believed  that  it  contains  all  the  detailB 
necessary  for  the  education  of  firemen,  bo  far  as  this  can  be  derived 
from  a  book,  to  enable  them  to  attain  to  efficiency  in  the  execution 
of  their  dangerous  duties.  Many  well-known  experts  have  con- 
tributed to  its  pages,  and  the  contents  may  be  relied  upon  in  all 
respects.  The  Manual  will  be  useful  not  only  to  works  which 
maintain  their  own  fire  brigades,  but  also  to  private  householders 
and  all  others  who  are  interested  in  fire  prevention.  There  is  a 
chapter  devoted  to  "  Electricity  in  the  Fire  Service,"  in  which  the 
fireman  is  given  some  general  ideas  about  wiring,  the  method  of 
control,  suitable  means  of  extinguishing  electrical  fires,  a;c.  This 
is  good  on  the  whole,  though  somewhat  too  optimistic  regarding  the 
dangers  of  shocks  from  200-600-volt  circuits  ;  these  are  treated 
lightly,  but  firemen  with  wet  clothes  and  boots,  standing  on  wet 
floors,  should  be  peculiarly  susceptible  to  severe  shocks,  and  the 
warning  might  well  be  more  earnestly  impressed  upon  them.  No 
■doubt,  to  save  bulk  and  weight,  the  book  is  printed  on  thin  paper, 
with  the  result  that  in  many  places  the  printing  on  both  sides  of 
the  leaf  can  be  seen,  and  reading  is  difficult. 

"  Jiiiiriinl  oi  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers."  No.  217, 
Vol.  50.  London  E.  4:  F.  N.  Spon,  Ltd.  Price  58.--The  iiwue  for 
February,  1913,  contains  the  following  papers  : — Inaugural  Address 
of  the  President,  by  W.  Duddell  ;  Chairman's  Address,  Newcastle 
Local  Section,  by  W.  C.  Mountain ;  Manchester  Local  Section,  by 
A.  A.  Day  ;  Yorkshire  Local  Section,  by  S.  D.  Schofield  ;  Scottisti 
Local  Section,  by  W.  McWhirter  ;  Birmingham  Local  Section,  by 
A.  M.  Taylor  :  Western  Local  Section,  by  W.  A.  Chamen  ;  The 
Magnetism  of  Permanent  Magnets,  by  Prof.  S.  P.  Thompson  : 
Earthed  r.  Unearthed  Neutrals,  by  J.  S.  Peck  ;  The  Turbo-Con- 
verter, by  F.  Creedy  ;  The  Control  of  Meters,  Public  Lamp.",  and 
other  Apparatus  from  the  Central  Station,  by  W'.  Duddell,  A.  H. 
Dykes  and  H.  W.  Handcock  ;  The  Testing  of  Ebonite  for  Electrical 
Purposes,  by  C.  C.  Paterson,  E.  H.  Rayner  and  A.  Kinnes. 

"Psychology  and  Industrial  Effi  liency."  By  Hugo  Miinsterberg. 
London  :  Constable  i;  Co.,  Ltd.     1913.     Price  6s.  net. 

"Reports  of  the  Committee  on  Electrical  Standards  Appointed 
by  the  British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science." 
London  :  Cambridge  University  Press.     1913.     Price  12s.  6d.  net. 

■'Methods  of  Measuring  Electrical  Resistance."  By  Edwin  F. 
Northrup.  "  Electrical  Machine  Design."  By  Alexander  Gray. 
Price  17s.  net  each.     London  :  Hill  Publishing  Co.,  Ltd. 

"  Proreeriing-t  of  the  Physical  Society  of  London."  Vol.  XXV, 
Part  2.  February  l.")th,  1913.  London:  Electrician  Frintiag  a,nd 
Publishing  Co.,  Ltd.     Price  4s.  net. 

''Journal  of  the  South  African  Institution  of  Engineers." 
Vol.  XI,  No.  7.  February,  1913.  Johannesburg  :  The  Institution. 
Price  2s. 

"  Bnlletin  of  the  Association  des  Ingenieurs  Electriciens." 
Vol.  XII,  No.  11.  November,  19th.  Liege;  The  Association. 
Price  5.50  fr. 

"Third  and  Fourth  Annual  Reports  of  the  Hydro-Electric  Power 
Commission  of  the  Province  of  Ontario  for  year  ended  October 
31st,  1911."     Toronto  :  L.  K.  Cameron. 

"  Bulletin  of  the  Armour  Institute  of  Technology."  Vol.  VI, 
No.  1.     May,  1912.     Chicago  :  The  InsMtute. 

"  Proceed int/.i  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Enjineers."  V(  1. 
XXXIX,  No.  2.     February,  1913.     New  York  :  The  S;ciety. 

"  The  Physical  Review."  Vol  I,  No.  2.  February,  1913.  Lan- 
caster, Pa.  :  The  Physical  Society. 

"Bulletin  Mensuel  de  la  Socicte  Beige  d'Electriciens."  Vol. 
XXIX,  No.  12.  December,  1912.  Brussels:  E.  Bruylant.  Price 
1  fr.  75. 

"Bulletin  Scien'ifique  de  I'Association  des  Elcves  des  Ecoles 
Speciales."  January,  1913.  Liege  :  The  Association.  Price 
75  cents. 

'  Atti  (1  Ua  Associazione  Elettrotecnica  Italians."  Vol.  XVII. 
No.  4.  February,  1913.  Milan:  Stucohi,  Ceretti  &  Co.  Price 
L   1.50. 

'  Buletin  de  la  Sociedad  de  Fomento  Fibril."  Vil.  XXX,  No.  3. 
January  1st,  1913.     Santiago,  Chile  :  The  Society. 

Meeting    of   Creditors.— Foster    E.xgixeerinc,  Co., 

Ltd.,  Wimbledon.— a  circular  letter  issued  by  Messrs.  Nicholson 
and  Beecroft,  12,  Wood  Street,  Cheapside,  E.C,  under  date  March 
8th,  reads  as  follows  . — 

"A  conference  of  the  principal  trade  creditors,  amounting  to 
over  £8,000  out  of  a  total  trade  indebtedness  of  about  £  12,000,  was 
called  this  week  by  the  debenture-holders  of  the  above  company, 
amounting  to   £9,000,  as  to  the  best  course  to  be  adopted  for  the 

E 


432 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.  72.  no.  1,812,  march  u,  1913. 


preservation  of  thia  valuable  business,  which  lately  has  had  some 
special  losses  in  connection  with  matters  now  disposed  of  and  which 
are  not  likely  to  occur  a>;ain.  Mr.  James  Rook,  of  the  Sloan 
Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  was  in  the  chair,  and  it  was  generally  felt  that 
every  effort  should  be  made  to  accomplish  this  object,  and  that  the 
creditors  should  be  asked  to  hold  their  claims  in  abeyance  for  the 
time  beingr.  in  order  to  give  the  Committee,  consistinsr  of  five  of 
the  principal  trade  creditors  which  was  appointed,  and  the  other 
parties  interested  in  the  company,  the  opportunity  of  arrangrinp,  if 
possible,  some  scheme  for  the  payment  of  the  creditors'  claims  and 
placinir  the  business  on  such  a  footing  as  will  enable  it  to  regain 
its  former  successful  position.  In  order  to  preserve  the  .ifntii  i/im 
of  the  various  parties,  to  protect  the  assets  and  to  carry  on  the 
business  (there  beinjr  a  larjre  number  of  valuable  orders  on  hand 
and  coming-  in),  Mr.  Nicholson,  of  this  firm,  has  been  appointed 
Receiver,  and  he  will  be  in  constant  communication  with  the  Com- 
mittee, who  will  from  time  to  time  take  such  measures  for  the 
protection  of  the  jjeneral  interests  as  they  may  deem  advisable.  It 
is,  therefore,  hoped  that  you  will  see  your  way  clear  to  si^a  and 
return  the  resolution  passed,  copy  of  which  we  have  pleasure  in 
enclosinjT  you  herewith.  " 

The  resolution  wa.s  as  follows  :  — 

■'That  this  meeting:  do  hereby  appoint  a  Committee  as  at  foot  to 
represent  the  interests  of  the  trade  creditors  with  power  to  make 
such  arranpements  with  the  debenture-holders  and/  )r  the  company 
as  they  deem  desirable,  and  that  in  the  meanwhile  the  creditors 
should  hold  their  claims  in  abeyance.  The  meetinfr  and  the  Com- 
mittee appointed  very  strong-ly  recommend  this  course  to  be  aprreed 
to  by  the  other  creditors. 

"Committee: — Mr.  Rook,  Sloan 
Billinijton,  Beck  Engfineeringr  Co., 
Electric  Wire  Co.  and  Smiths,  Ltd.  ; 
Sins :  Mr.  McKechnie,  JIcKechnie 
Churchill,  Cbas.  Churchill  .*c  Co.,  Ltd. 


Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.  ;  Mr. 
Ltd. ;  Mr.  Willey,  London 
Mr.  Jenkins,  J.  Sankey  and 
Bros.  ;    or,  failing   him.  Mr. 


Makers    to    His    Majesty. — The    Cauron    Co.,    of 

Carron,  X.B.,  has  been  appointed  grate  makers  to  H.M.  the  King. 
The  Carron  works  have  been  visited  on  many  occasions  by  Crown 
heads  of  Europe,  including  Czar  Nicholas  I  of  Russia.  Prince 
Leopold  Maximilian  of  Austria,  and  by  King  Edward  VII,  when 
Prince  of  Wales. 

The  Shops'  Act. — The  Leeds  Corporation  announces 
that  tradesmen  who  alter  their  half-day  closing  arrangements  at 
Easter,  must  alter  the  notices  in  the  shops.  There  was  much 
offending  in  that  respect  at  Christmas,  and  the  Leeds  Chamber  of 
Trade  warns  tradesmen  that  similar  offending  at  Easter  may  bring 
trouble. 

The  Nelson  T.C.  has  decided  to  take  steps  to  ascertain  whether 
the  electricians  of  the  district  are  agreeable  to  a  closing  order 
under  the  Shops'  Act,  fixing  Tuesday  or  Saturday,  as  the  half-day 
holiday. 

The  Manchester  Corporation  is  proposing  to  make  an  order 
fixing  Wednesday  as  the  day  of  the  weekly  half-holiday  for  dealers 
in  electrical  fittings,  kc. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Aylesbury. — The  U.D.C.  lias  taken  a  referendum  on  the 
electric  light<iue8tioD,  and  the  result  was  as  follows  :  For  the  scheme, 
l.'l.'>2  ;  against,  4S0— majority  for,  1,013.  The  number  of  voting 
papers  i.ssued  was  2,.")S8,  including  116  sent  to  out- voters,  and 
U,0!iO  were  returned.  Of  these,  .").'!  were  rejected  and  HH  were 
unmarked. 

Riniiinn'haiil. — \t  a  meeting  of  the  Council  on  March 
Ith,  Councillor  E.  C.  R.  Marks,  a  member  of  the  Electric  Supply 
Committee,  suggested  the  aiiialga mating  of  the  Gas  and  Electricity 
Supply  Committees.  He  based  his  arguments  for  the  consideration 
of  such  an  amalgamation  upon  the  statement  that  the  two  Com- 
mittees controlled  undertakings  for  the  supply  of  the  same 
commodities,  viz.,  light,  heat,  and  motive  power,  that  they  both 
used  coal  as  their  raw  material,  and  as  they  were  to  occupy  adjacent 
land  at  Nechells,  it  was  reasonable  that  they  should  be  amalgamated. 
The  proposal  was  supported  by  Councillor  Heath,  another  member 
of  the  Electric  .Supply  Committee.  Councillor  EUaway.  the  Chair- 
man of  the  El  fctric  Supply  (Committee,  opposing  the  motion,  said, 
there  could  be  no  real  amalgamation,  as  each  undertaking  must 
necessarily  be  controlled  by  separate  Sub-Committees.  He  also 
pointed  out  that  both  departments  were  so  big,  and  the  work  of  the 
C  jmmittees  engaged  in  controlling  them  occupied  so  much  time, 
that  it  was  doubtful  if  they  could,  with  efficiency,  undertake  the  very 
heavy  extra  work  which  would  be  entailed  by  the  amalgamation. 
With  regard  to  the  argument  that  the  future  engine  was  a  pas 
engine,  he  pointed  out  that  the  gas  would  not  be  the  name  gas  as 
was  being  manufactured  by  the  Gas  Department.  The  Electric 
.Supply  Department  sold  a'>out  eighteen  million  units  per  annum  to 
the  Tramways  Dfpartment,  and  there  was  no  fuggefttion  of  amalga- 
mation between  them,  although  the  likeness  between  the  two  was 
more  pronounced.  Sir  Hallewell  Rogers,  the  Chairman  of  the  Gas 
Committee,  and  Sir  James  Smith,  the  Chairman  of  the  Public 
Works  Committee,  both  opposed  the  proposal,  which  was  negatived 
by  a  <;on8iderable  majority. 


Jto<!;nor, — At  a  lialf-ycarly  meeting  of  the  Gas  Co.,  it  was 

announced  that  the  company  hoped  to  have  its  electric  supply 
available  by  July  next.  The  laying  of  mains  will  be  proceeded 
with  forthwith. 

Bradford, — The  Corporation  (!as  Committee  has  decided 
to  install  an  electric  equipment  in  connection  with  the  coal 
elevating  and  conveying  machinery  at  Thornton  Road  Gasworks, 
at  a  cost  of  it;  4  8. 

Braunton, — The  first  annual  report,  presented  at  a 
meeting  of  the  Braunton  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  was  of 
a  satisfactory  nature.  The  net  revenue  account  showed  a  profit  of 
£80,  and  the  directors  recommended  payment  of  a  dividend  of  5  per 
cent,  (less  income-tax)  on  the  cumulative  preference  shares  from 
October  1st,  1911,  which  would  amount  to  M.29.  to  write  tlWoff 
the  formation  expenses,  and  to  carry  forward  the  balance  of  £21. 
The  chairmanCMr.T.  'ifeo)  explained  that  the  capital  authorised  to  be 
raised  was  5,000  £1  shares,  divided  into  1,000  5  per  cent,  cumulative 
preference  shares  and  4,000  ordinary  shares  each  of  £1.  The 
amount  of  capital  issued  totalled  £3,250  of  fully-paid  shares.  They 
had  good  reason  to  be  gratified  at  the  first  year's  result. 

Bristol. — The  Electrical  Connnittce  reports  that  the  loan 
of  £52,919,  sanctioned  by  the  L.G.Ii.in  March,  1907,  for  mains,  sub- 
stations and  services  has  been  expended,  and  recommends  that  it  be 
authorised  to  apply  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow  a  further 
sum  of  £25,000  for  similar  purposes,  to  be  spent  as  and  when 
required.  This  sum  is  the  estimated  requirements  for  the  ensuing 
three  years.  / 

Burnley. — The  Electricity  Committee's  estimates  recently 
contained  a  recommendation  that  if  the  profits  anticipated  to  be 
realised  during  the  year  ending  March  .'ilst,  1914,  are  sufficient,  the 
sum  of  £4,.')50  be  paid  into  the  Borough  Fund,  the  ([uestion  of  the 
disposal  of  the  balance  of  profits  (if  any)  to  be  deferred.  This  was 
agreed  to  on  March  (ith. 

Burton-on-Trent, — In  connection  with  the  scheme  for 
electrifying  the  brewery  of  Messrs.  Marston,  Thompson  &  Evershed, 
it  is  intended  that  the  work  of  replacing  the  present  machinery 
with  electric  motors  shall  be  commenced  almost  immediately  after 
Easter,  and  to  this  end  a  consulting  engineer  will  be  engaged  to 
supervise  the  extensive  operations. 

The  B.  of  G.  has  decided  not  to  take  any  action  at  present  in  the 
matter  of  installing  the  electric  light  at  the  Workhouse,  but  to  leave 
the  matter  to  the  new  Board  to  be  elected.  The  scheme  submitted 
will  entail  an  expenditure  of  £850. 

Bury. — The  L.G.B.  has  refused  to  sanction  the  appli- 
cation for  the  borrowing  of  £1,025  for  the  carrying  out  of  certain 
works  including  tbe  provision  of  electric  light  and  bells  at  the 
Aitken  Sanatorium,  which  was  made  by  the  Bury  and  District 
.1  oint  Hospital  Board.  The  L.G.B.  pointed  out  that,  notwithstanding 
previous  warnings,  the  Bury  Joint  Board  had  incurred  a  large  part 
of  the  expenditure  for  which  the  loan  was  required,  without  »ny 
sufficient  reason  for  having  anticipated  the  sanction. 

Cheltenhaiu. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  convert  ;33  gas 
lamps  in  various  streets  into  34  electric  lamps.  The  capital  cost 
will  be  £338,  and  the  annual  cost  per  lamp  will  be  £2  10s., 
including  a  return  of  8  per  cent,  on  the  capital  outlay,  whicji  will 
be  met  out  of  the  renewals  fund. 

China. — We  have  received  from  Mr.  Aldridge,  electrical 
engineer  to  the  Shanghai  Municipal  Council,  a  copy  of  a  Chinese 
pamphlet  on  electric  signs  and  decorations,  published  by  his 
department.  W'e  understand  that  it  is  the  custom  of  Chinese  store- 
keepers to  have  elaborate  decorations  for  the  opening  of  a  store  or 
business,  and  an  electrically-illuminated  building  illustrated  in  the 
pamphlet,  took,  we  are  informed,  about  150  kw.  for  lighting  alone. 
As  it  is  not  unusual  to  have  several  such  installations  on  at  the 
same  time,  the  effect  on  the  streets  can  be  well  imagined. 

Colchester. — The  T.C.  has  applied   to  the  L.(i.|{.  for  a 

loan  of  £7,<)60  for  electricity  purposes. 

Conway. — The  liigliting  Committee  has  had  under  con- 
sideration a  scheme  submitted  by  the  borough  engineer  for  the 
electric  lighting  of  a  part  of  the  town.  The  Committee  came  to 
the  conclusion  that  it  would  be  inadvisable  for  the  Council  to  enter- 
tain such  an  elaborate  scheme  at  present,  and  the  engineer  was 
instructed  to  submit  an  alternative  scheme  for  lighting  the 
embankment. 

Dover. — The  Electricity  Committee  of  the  T.C.  has 
decided  to  purchase,  at  a  cost  of  £528,  325  time  switches  for  auto- 
matically switching  on  and  off  the  public  electric  lampe. 

Folkestone. — Quotations  are  to  be  obtained  from  the 
Electricity  Supply  Co.  and  the  Gas  Co.  for  lighting  portions  of 
Cheriton  Road  and  Sandgate  Road  with  electric  light  and  high- 
pressure  gas,  respectively. 

Grimsby. — Application  is  to  be  made  to  the  L.iJ.B.  for 
sanction  to  the  borrowing  of  £8,000,  the  estimated  expenditure  for 
the  ensuing  three  years  on  mains  and  services. 

lleckmondwike. — The   U.D.C.   has  decided  to  give  a 

supply  of  current  to  the  works  of  Messrs.  T.  F.  Firth  A:  Sons,  Ltd., 
and  the  engineer  has  been  instructed  to  prepare  a  detailed  estimate 
of  the  cost  of  converting  street  gas  lamps  to  electric  lighting. 


Vol.72.   No.  1,812,  mauc.  II,  191M.1      TfTR    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


4m 


Hull. — 'I'lio  T.C.  Ims rejected  a,  reconiiiiendHtioii  from  the 
EdiK'ution  Committpe  that  ^aa  nhould  bo  uiicd  for  li);htini;  thv 
n<!\v  Sauor  Street  BchoolH,  and  intcndH  to  liuvu  cleotrio  liKbtiot; 
itiHtallcd. 

Japan. —  Lur^e  new  works  for  the  iniiniifsictnn!  of  Hoa[) 
have  juHt  been  completed  at  Tori-Shindcn,  near  AiiiaKa''ul<i,  by 
MoHMrH.  Lever  Bros.  (.lapan),  Ltd.  The  buildinjjTH  are  lighted 
throutfhout  by  electricity,  the  mnchinery  beinif  alno  all  electrically 
operated.  The  generating  plant  comprine  a  horizontal  cro.fH-com- 
pound  condonnin);  engine  coupled  direct   to  a  :iuO-kw.  dynamo. 

keif^llley. — The  Corporation  last  week  referred  l)aok  to 
the  Electricity  Committee  the  proposed  scheme  for  supply intr 
Uintrley  witli  electricity  in  bulk,  the  particulars  refrardinp  which 
were  Riven  in  a  recent  issue. 

London. — SouTirwAUK. — The  Elcctrie  Iii5i;ht  Committee 
recommends  the  adoption  of  a  scheme  by  the  electrical  enjjineer, 
for  exteudinpr  the  plant  at  the  ereneratinfj  station  at  a  cost  of 
£29,464,  made  up  as  follows: — Buildings,  £2,000;  two  boilers, 
includinpr  fan,  econouiiser,  flues  and  foundations,  £8,220  ;  two 
1,.500-KW.  erenerators,  and  four  converters,  switchboard  and  founda- 
tions, .£lH,:if)0  ;  condenser,  coolinpr  tower  and  foundations,  £5,175  ; 
contingencies,  £719.  Messrs.  Preece,  Cardew  .it  Snell,  to  whom  the 
scheme  was  referred,  express  the  opinion  that  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that  an  extension  of  the  station  is  the  correct  way  to  meet 
the  further  requirements  of  the  borough.  The  Committee  also 
recommends  that  it  be  empowered  to  invite  tenders  for  carrying 
out  the  works. 

Lewisha.m. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Guardians  on  Monday,  the 
Works  Committee  recommended  that  the  Board  engage  the  services 
of  the  engineer  of  the  South  Metropolitan  (ias  Co.  to  draw  up 
specifications  for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  infirmary  and  work- 
house, at  a  fee  of  £10  10s.,  and  to  invite  tenders  for  the  supply  of 
electricity  from  the  electric  light  companies,  and  from  the  South 
Metropolitan  Gas  Co.,  the  latter  to  supply  electricity  from  its  own 
generating  plant.     The  Board  agreed  to  the  recommendations. 

Makyleboxe. — The  B.C.  has  approved  a  scheme  by  Mr. 
Seabrook  for  the  lighting  of  the  new  circus  in  Marylebone  Road. 
The  scheme  provides  for  eight  columns  with  one  large,  and  four 
small,  lamps  on  each  be  placed  in  the  circus  (one  at  each  quadrant 
and  one  on  each  of  the  refuges  to  be  placed  in  the  roads  leading  into 
the  circus).  The  columns  will  have  five  lamps  on  each,  and  the 
approximate  candle-power  will  be  4.800.  The  total  cost  of  lighting 
and  maintenance  of  the  columns  is  estimated  to  be  £110  per 
annum. 

Hackney. — Of  the  £9.176  surplup,  estimated  on  the  working  of 
the  undertaking  for  the  year  ended  March  31st  next,  the  Finance 
Committee  has  decided  to  transfer  £3.000  to  the  reserve  fund,  and 
£2.000  in  aid  of  the  rates.  The  balance,  when  ascertained,  is  also 
to  be  given  in  aid  of  the  rates.  Consent  has  been  given  to  the  pro- 
posal of  the  L.C.C.  to  double  the  tramway  track  in  part  of  Lea 
Bridge  Eoad. 

Plymouth. — The  Electricity  and  Street  Lighting  Com- 
mittee of  the  T.C.  has  presented  estimates  of  income  and  expenditure 
for  the  ensuing  financial  year,  and  the  same  were  approved  as 
follows  :— Electricity  revenue  account :  Income,  £29,417  :  expendi- 
ture. £28,480  ;  electricity  capital  account  expenditure,  £.5,500  ; 
electricity  reserve  account  expenditure,  £2,000  ;  and  street  lighting 
revenue  account  expenditure,  £7,120. 

Port-GlaSffOW. — The  Corporation  has  lodged  answers  in 
reply  to  the  objections  made  by  the  School  Board  with  the  B.  of  T. 
against  the  provisions  of  the  local  Electric  Lighting  Draft  Pro- 
visional Order.  The  School  Board's  demand  that  distributing 
mains  should  be  laid  within  a  reasonable  distance  of  the  schools  is 
described  by  the  Council  as  wholly  unreasonable  and  inexpedient, 
and  if  given  effect  to  will  place  an  undue  burden  on  the  under- 
taking. The  Board,  in  its  reply,  states  that  the  position  taken  np 
by  the  undertakers  is  contrary  to  the  intention  of  the  Electric 
Lighting  Acts.  The  scheme  of  distribution  was  devised  solely  with 
a  view  to  the  earning  of  profits  by  Greenock  Corporation,  and  not 
at  all  with  a  view  to  the  provision  of  electric  light  for  domestic 
purposes  in  the  residential  parts  of  the  burgh  of  Port-Glasgow.  As 
the  object  of  the  order  was  to  confer  an  exclusive  monopoly  within 
the  whole  burgh,  it  was  improper  for  the  undertakers  to  give 
facilities  in  only  one  portion,  where  a  large  and  profitable  demand 
for  electricity  may  be  expected,  and  to  deprive  the  other  portions 
of  the  town  of  the  benefits  of  electric  lighting,  as  was  proposed. 

Rochdale. — Speaking  at  a  meeting  of  the  T.C.  on 
March  6th,  Councillor  Walker  drew  attention  to  the  fact  that  a 
number  of  contracts  in  connection  with  the  electricity  works  exten- 
sions had  been  placed,  subject  to  the  sanction  of  the  L.G.B.,  and 
remarked  that  long  before  they  were  completed  the  Committee 
would  have  to  consider  further  additions  to  the  works.  He  had 
previously  informed  the  Council  that  the  estimated  increase  in  the 
electrical  supply  for  the  present  year  would  be  about  .500,000  units. 
That  estimate  would  be  exceeded,  and  the  estimated  increase  at  the 
end  of  March  would  probably  be  in  the  neighbourhood  of  750,000 
units.  The  Committee  would  have  to  consider  whether  any  further 
extensions  that  were  required  should  be  made  on  the  present  site 
or  elsewhere. 

St.  Helens. — The  T.C.  has  applied  to  the  L.G.B.  for  a 

loan  of  £2,040  for  a  500-KW.  rotary-converter  with  switchgear,  and 
for  £l,ri(;o  overspent  on  a  loan  of  £10,800  sanctioned  in  August, 
1911. 


Slicflield. — It  has  ticcri  decided  to  make  a  charjfc  of  Id, 
per  unit  net  to  the  promoterH  of  the  I'uil,  Light  and  Power 
Exhibition  to  \m  held  next  autumn  under  the  tiun\)ii:fn  of  the 
Sh'jffleld  Health  AaHociation  and  the  Hheflleld  .Smoke  Abatement 
Society.  It  han  aUo  been  decided  by  the  K.L.  Committ«te  O)  erect  k 
stall  at  such  exhibition  for  a  eoinprehemive  dixplay  of  electrical 
appliances.  Tenders  are  to  be  obtained  for  a  new  condeniM:r  and 
steam  puuip,  together  with  all  the  ncce»miry  piping. 

South  Africa.— 1)1  hi.vn. — The  annual  re|K>rt  of  the 
borough  electrical  engineer  (.\Ir.  J.  Uf)t)crti>)  nhowH  a  very 
.Matisfactory  year  up  to  .Inly  :ilHt,  11(12.  .Many  extenHionit 
have  been  made  to  the  plant  and  mains  during  the  year. 
particularly  on  account  ol  the  Corporation  taking  over  th<» 
supply  of  current  to  the  (Jovernment  railways  and  harlxjur,  whieh 
supply  was  commenced  on  .Jane  21st  last.  The  princiiial  ailditionn 
to  the  plant  have  been  the  following  ;  Two  2,0o0-KW.  three- 
phase  0,<!00-volt  turliine  units  and  auxiliaries  ;  two  Babcock  Ijoilers 
and  auxiliariPH  ;  a  three-phase  h.t.  switchbcard,  and  one  T.'.Oll.l-. 
rotary  converter  and  track  booster.  In  addition,  tJ.HOO-voIt  three- 
core  cables  have  been  laid  to  the  (dd  railway  power  station,  and  a 
three-phase  overhead  line  constructed  to  Greenwood  Park.  In 
street  lighting,  a  great  improvement  has  been  brought  about  \>y 
changing  the  old  enclosed  type  of  arc  lamps  for  high  CM',  metal 
lamps.  The  progress  during  the  year  is  reflected  in  the  following 
figures  : 


1912. 

lOllr 

Private  consumers  of  elect 

ric 

light   ... 

.-..223 

4,803 

Private  consumers  of  elect 

ric 

power  . . . 

308 

278 

.Number  of  street  lamps 

2,292 

2,200 

Units  sold           

9,023.699 

7,396,624 

Total  revenue 

£7K,X94 

Ji:73.283 

r 

.SITS    S()l.l>. 

Private  lighting 

1,725,944 

l,4r,S692 

Private  motors  ... 

1,457.324 

809,350 

Corporation  lighting     ... 

L57,673 

127,077 

Corporation  motors 

1,005,697 

1,013,872 

Street  lighting  ... 

733,836 

728,01U 

Tramways           

3,389,712 

3,249,623 

Government        

553,513 

— 

The  works  costs  were  "44d.  per  unit  generated,  and  the  total  cost, 
including  capital  charges,  rid.  per  unit  generated.  The  net  profit 
was  f  22,192,  of  which  sum  £12,608  goes  to  the  borough  fund, 
leaving  a  surplus  of  £9,584. 

Mr.  John  Roberts,  the  borough  electrical  engineer,  has  been 
called  in  by  the  Harrismith  T,C.,  to  report  on  the  suggested  hydro- 
electric scheme,  which  it  is  proposed  to  inaugurate  from  the  water 
at  Plattburg,  overlooking  the  town. 

Stoke-on-Trent. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  apply  for  a 
loan  of  £8,000  for  carrying  out  a  scheme  of  electric  supply  at 
Fen  ton  under  the  Stoken-on-Trent  E,L.  Extension  Order,  1907.  A 
further  loan  of  £6,000  for  mains  extensions  has  also  been  applied 
for. 

Stroud. — The  U.D.C.  is  supporting  the  proposal  for  an 
electric  light  installation  for  the  town.  Having  obtained  favour- 
able terms  with  the  option  of  purchase  in  21  years  from  the  com- 
pany, it  has  adopted  a  resolution  consenting  to  the  grant  of  the 
prov.  order. 

Swindon. — At  the  meeting  of  the  T.C,  it  was,  stated 
that  the  electric  lighting  showed  a  profit  of  £1.681,  but  there  had 
been  a  loss  on  the  tramways  of  £1,728,  to  which  must  be  added  £700 
for  depreciation. 

Torquay. — The  electricity  undertaking  continues  to  make 

satisfactory  progress.  The  engineer  reported  that  through  the  instal- 
lation of  the  turbine,  a  saving  of  1 .200  tons  of  coal  had  been  effected 
during  the  year,  which  at  the  lowest  figure  of  13s.  lOd.  per  ton. 
amounted  to  £830.  and  that  a  saving  of  £206  had  been  effected  in 
oil.  water,  &c.,  making  a  total  of  £1.036. 

The  Royal  Torbay  Yacht  Club  wrote  stating  that  consequent 
upon  the  nuisance  and  damage  caused  by  smoke  from  the  electric 
light  works,  the  Committee  was  authorised  to  commence  further 
legal  proceedings  against  the  Corporation.  The  Electric  Light 
Committee,  after  consideration,  recommended  that  the  Town  Clerk 
inquire  if  the  club  was  prepared  to  adopt  the  suggestion  made  by 
the  magistrate  at  the  recent  police  court  proceedings,  to  coni^ent  to 
the  heightening  of  the  chimney,  and  in  the  event  of  a  negative 
reply,  it  be  suggested  to  the  club  that  arrangements  be  made  by 
it  and  the  Council  to  make  tests  extending  over  a  period  of  six 
weeks  or  two  months  to  ascertain  the  extent  of  the  nuisance  com- 
plained of  under  various  conditions  of  wind  and  weather,  in  order 
to  obviate  any  dispute  as  to  the  facts  of  the  case.  The  T.C.  has 
approved  the  recommendation. 

Truro. — The  R.D.C.  has  decided  not  to  oppose  in  any 
way  the  applications  of  the  T.C.  and  the  Gas  Co.  for  prov.  order.-< 
for  electric  lighting.  The  B.  of  T.  had  been  asked  to  dispense  with 
the  Council's  consent. 

Turton  (near  Bolton). — The  r.D.C.  has  acceded  to  an 

application  of  the  Lancashire  Electric  Power  Co.  for  permission  to 
supply  Egerton  Hall,  Dewhurst  House  and  Egerton  Hous9  with 
electricity  direct  from  the  mains  recently  erected  for  the  supply  of 
the  works  of  Messrs.  Deakins,  Ltd.,  at  Egerton  and  Belmont,  subject 
to  the  company's  entering  into  an  agreement  providing  for  the 
free  use  for  the  purposes  of  the  Council  of  the  sub-stations  at 
Egerton  and  Belmont. 
The  electrical  engineer  having  suggested  that,  in  his  opinion,  the 


431 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.72.  no.  1,842,  march  h,  1913, 


time  has  arrived  when  the  price  of  electrici'-.y  might  very  well  be 
reduced,  it  has  been  decided  that  tbe  price  be  reduced  from  od.  to 
4d.  per  unit,  and  that  the  question  of  price  be  reconsidered  at  the 
tnd  of  another  years  working. 

The  electrical  engic.eer  has  been  instrncted  ti  prepare  a  report  on 
the  cost  and  advisability  of  lig:htin§^  the  Eagfley.  E^^erton  and 
Helmont  areas. 

\^  aliases . — The  Council  has  decided  that  an  expert  shall 
be  engaee<l  to  advise  it  as  to  the  best  method  to  adoRt  to  meet  its 
electricity  requirements  for  the  next  20  years.  Last  year,  ended 
February,  the  undertaking  contributed  JC6,C0ii  towards  the  relief  of 
the  rates,  ai)d  borrowinjr  powers  are  to  be  applied  for,  for  £13, .500 
for  the  provision  of  eleutric  mains  and  services  laid  last  year  and  to 
cover  the  cist  of  similar  work  during  the  next  four  years. 

Walsall. — Mr.  Lacey  has  issued  an  interim  report  upon 
the  position  of  the  undertaking,  and  expresses  the  opinion  (1)  that 
the  action  taken  by  the  Committee  so  far  as  regards  tho  immediate 
reorganisation  of  the  power  station  staff  was  fully  justified  by  the 
condition  of  the  plant,  and  he  was  fully  convinced  that  results 
would  prove  this  in  the  near  future  ;  (2)  that  notice  should  be 
given  to  all  the  lighting  consumerp,  who  are  not  also  power  user.'>, 
that  the  charges  for  electricity  will  be  advanced  from  4d.  to  .5d. 
per  unit  from  next  quarter  day,  and  that  no  rents  for  meters  will 
be  charged  from  that  date  :  (.^)  that  assuming  only  the  normal 
increase  in  the  demand  for  electricity  as  shown  in  the  Council's 
books,  the  existing  plant  will  be  insufficient  to  carry  the  under- 
taking through  the  winter  of  19i:i-14,  and  immediate  stepsshould 
l)e  taken  to  provide  for  additional  boiltr  power,  capable  of  raising 
not  less  than  20,U()0  lb.  of  steam  per  hour.  The  cost  of  this  addi- 
tion, together  with  various  small  matters  of  expenditure,  will  not 
exceed  £4,840.  Conclurting.  Sir.  Lacey  states  that  the  order  should 
be  put  in  hand  forthwith  so  as  to  obtain  such  deliveries  as  will 
ensure  completion  not  later  than  the  beginning  of  September  next. 
The  Committee  has  concurred  with  the  views  expressed,  and  has 
decided  to  apply  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow  the  above 
amount. 

Mhitbr. — A  deputation  from  the  Glasgow  Corporation 
visited  the  town  last  week  for  the  purpose  of  inspecting  the  elec- 
trical gear  of  the  Corporation  swing  bridge  at  the  harbour.  The 
visitors  were  received  by  the  mf'mbers  of  the  local  Council,  and. 
after  the  examination  of  the  bridge,  were  entertained  and  shown 
the  places  of  interest. 

Wi$ran, — The  minutes  of  the  Electric  Light  Committee, 
submitted  for  the  approval  of  the  T.C.  on  March  nth,  contained  a 
reference  to  a  proposal  to  apply  for  the  sanction  of  the  L.G.B.  for 
the  borrowing  of  £3,000  fur  extensions.  Councillor  McQuaid  said 
that,  up  to  the  present  time,  the  concern  had  been  a  losing  businesp. 
there  being  a  loss,  he  understood,  of  about  £l,i)00  on  the  year's 
working.  He  thought  there  should  be  some  authoritative  statement 
that  the  expenditure  of  the  sum  mentioned  would  improve  the 
position.  Councillor  Grimshaw  said  that,  with  reference  to  the  loss 
of  £l,('i00,  they  had  to  pay  in  three  yearly  instalments  a  sum  equal 
to  nearly  £2,000  for  what  were  superseded  works  at  Pemberton.  If 
it  had  not  been  for  this  contribution,  which  they  had  to  make  this 
year  and  during  the  next  two  years,  they  would  have  had  a  balance 
on  the  right  side.  Even  allowing  for  that,  they  would  have  had  a 
balance  if  it  had  not  been  for  the  fact  that,  about  two 
years  ago,  the  Committee  made  a  great  reduction  in  the  price 
of  electricity  supplied  to  the  Tramways  Department.  The  minutes 
were  approved,  and  subsequently  a  resolution  was  adopted  authoris- 
ing application  to  be  made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow 
£3,000  for  the  purpose  of  providing  cables,  transformers.  iVc,  for 
the  Electricity  Department. 

Wimblfdon.— The  B.C.  has  decided  that  25  4-lb.  and 

25  6-lb.  irons  be  purchased  from  the  General  Electric  Co.  for  dis- 
tribution on  loan  »mong8t  cxjnsumers.  L'-tters  of  complaint  have 
been  received  upon  the  terms  arranged  with  the  Fixed  Price  Light 
Co.  for  the  supply  of  light  to  premises  wired  by  the  latter,  and  as  to 
the  refusal  of  the  Council  to  lay  service  lines  from  the  mains  in 
certain  streets  to  premises  wired  by  the  company,  if  such  service 
lines  exceed  60  ft.  in  length. 

Wolverhampton. — The  sum  of  £2,125  has  been  trans- 
ferred from  the  profits  of  the  Corporation's  electricity  undertaking 
for  the  year  ending  March  31st  to  the  credit  of  the  improvement 
fund  for  the  financial  year  ending  .Mdrch,  1914. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Itradford. — A  sensational  mishap  occurred  on  the  tram- 
way syhtem  last  we<-k  ;  a  car  on  the  Thornton  route  was  jerked  off 
the  meta1:<.  and  ran  into  a  wall  which  bordered  a  field  wtuse  level 
w»8  several  teet  below  that  of  the  road.  Uix^n  examination  of  the 
points  at  uhich  the  ear  had  left,  the  lines,  the  points  were  found 
to  be  jammed  with  P'one^,  and  the  opinion  of  the  tramway  officers 
is  that  the  stones  had  be^n  mischi-vously  or  maliciously  piaced 
there.  There  were  about  40  passengers  on  board  the  car,  and  con- 
siderable panic  prevailed.  The  mystery  of  the  presence  of  the 
stones  is  being  inquired  into. 

Alterations  and  additions  are  to  be  carried  out  at  the  Thornbury 
car  depot  at  an  eetimated  cost  of  £8,r>si2.    The  tramways  general 


manager  has  prepared  a  report  on  the  terms  suggested  by  the  Post- 
master-General as  to  the  basis  on  which  the  question  of  guard  wires 
or  other  means  for  the  protection  of  Post  Office  telegraph  and 
telephone  wires  generally  should  be  dealt  with,  but  the  Committee, 
owing  to  the  fact  that  the  Municipal  Tramways  Association  would 
probably  give  instructions  at  its  next  meeting  for  the  opinion  of 
counsel  to  be  taken  on  the  subject,  has  authorised  him,  in  the  event 
of  such  opinion  being  unfavourable  to  the  Association,  to  agree  to 
the  suggested  basis  at  the  meeting  of  the  Association. 

Burlej-in-Wliarfe«lale. —  In  reference  to  the  matter  of 

the  suggested  running  of  railless  trolley-cars  in  Wharfedale  by  the- 
Leeds  Corporation,  it  appears  that  notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
the  clauses  in  the  recent  Leeds  Corporation  Bill  relating  to  this 
matter  were  withdrawn,  the  authoii'ies  at  Leeds  have  not  yet 
given  up  the  idea.  At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Burley-in-\Vharfe- 
dale  DC,  a  communication  was  read  which  had  been  received  from 
the  manager  of  the  Leeds  tramways,  stating  that  he  understood 
that  the  Corporation  intended  in  the  next  session  of  Parliament  to 
renew  its  application  for  powers  to  run  the  railless  cars  in  Wharfe- 
dale, in  which  case  he  hoped  that  the  negotiations  between  the 
Bnrley  authorities  and  himself  would  be  able  to  be  completed. 

Carditf. — The  question  of  repaying  the  main  streets  of 
Cardiff  and  relaying  the  tramway  track,  where  necessary,  was 
advanced  a  stage  at  a  meeting  of  the  Tramways  and  Lighting 
Committee.  It  was  decided  to  appoint  a  joint  sub-committee  of  the 
Tramways  and  Public  Works  Committees  to  discuss  the  matter  with 
a  view  to  arriving  at  a  definite  understanding  as  to  whether  the 
work  should  be  done  by  contract  or  the  employment  of  direct  labour, 
and  when  the  work  should  be  taken  in  hand.  The  feeling  of  the 
Committee  was  that  the  work  should  be  done  with  the  least  possible 
delay. 

Sir  John  Curtis  informed  the  Committee  that  although  there 
was  still  a  month  to  run  to  complete  their  financial  year,  figures 
supplied  by  Mr.  Ellis,  the  manager,  showed  that  the  Committee 
would  have  a  surplus  which  would  enable  it  to  vote  a  sum  equal 
to  a  Id.  in  the  £  to  the  relief  of  the  rates.  That  would  absorb 
£4,000,  and  would  probably  avoid  the  necessity  of  calling  for  an 
increase  in  the  rates  for  next  year. 

Continental  Notes. — Russia. — Application  has  been 
made  to  the  Russian  Government  for  a  concession  for  two  pro- 
jected electric  railways— one  from  St.  Petersburg  to  loukki,  a 
distance  of  about  1 1  miles,  and  one  between  St.  Petersburg  and 
Vosnessenski,  12  miles. 

Croydon. — On  Saturday,  by  resolution  of  the  B.C.,  tlie 
running  of  trams  on  the  Whitehorse  Road  route  was  discontinued. 
The  grounds  for  this  action  were  "  regular  and  consistent  loss." 
Councillor  Chamberlain,  who  moved  the  resolution,  pointed  out  that 
the  route  was  opened  in  November.  1906.  and  that  the  first  year's 
working  showed  a  loss  of  £2,1.50.  The  loss  continued,  and  the 
route  was  closed,  and  now.  after  a  second  trial,  the  Coniniittee  had 
presented  figures  showing  a  loss  over  a  given  period  at  the  rate  of 
£3.7211  a  year.  Councillor  Denning  (chairman  of  the  Tramways 
Committee)  said  eight  different  methods  of  working  the  route  had 
been  tried.  The  track  ought  never  to  have  been  laid.  The  resolu- 
tion to  close  the  route  was  carried  by  31  votes  to  II. 

Dcwsbory. — The  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee 

has  decided  to  inform  the  manager  of  the  Bradford  tramways  that 
it  has  no  objection  to  a  proposal  of  the  Yorkshire  (W.D.)  Tram- 
ways Co.  that  the  Bradford  Corporation  should  take  into  considera- 
tion the  question  of  through  running  of  cars  over  the  lines  to 
Dewsbury. 

Doncaster. — The  T.C.  has  confirmed  a  proposal  of  the 
Tramways  Committee  to  double  the  track  in  the  Market  Place  and 
Baxter  Gate,  for  a  distance  of  about  130  yds.,  and  to  lav  double 
lines  from  the  Alma  Inn  to  Balby  Bridge,  on  the  Balby  route. 

The  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee  has  recommended 
that  application  be  made  to  the  L.G.B.,  for  permission  to  use  the 
£3.000  originally  authorised  for  the  construction  of  tramways,  but 
not  expended,  the  same  now  being  required  in  connection  with  the 
tramways  undertaking. 

Dumbarton. — A  Committee  of  the    County   Council  is 

considering  a  proposal  for  an  extension  of  the  tramways  from 
Clydebank  to  Duntocher,  and  the  road  surveyor  is  to  examine  the 
load  and  report. 

Dundee. — The   income    of    the    Corporation    tramways 

from  May  1.5th  to  January  3l8t  was  £45,697,  being  an  increase  of 
£1.533.  There  was  an  advance  on  all  the  routes.  The  income  for 
the  railless  trolley  teutiem  in  Clepington  Road,  which  was  started 
in  September,  was  over  £240. 

I'.diuburg:li. — A  sub-Committee  of  the  Tramway  Com- 
mittee recently  met  a  deputation  from  the  Colinton  Tramway  Co.  in 
regard  to  the  question  of  having  the  tramway  from  Slateford  con- 
tinued into  tbe  centre  of  the  city.  Xo  decision  was  come  to.  It  is 
stated  that  the  Colinton  Co.  may  make  application  to  Par- 
liament for  authority  to  (instruct  a  line  into  the  centre  of  the  city, 
and,  on  the  other  band,  the  Corporation,  in  the  event  of  its  asking 
the  necessary  power,  may  be  opposed  by  the  Edinburgh  Trsniway 
Co.  The  matter  will  come  befi  re  the  Tramway  Committee  shortly. 
The  question  of  the  extension  has  been  raised  by  the  approaching 
completion  of  Redfore)  Barracks. 

Ilastinirs. — There  has  been  an  important  development  in 
the  Front  Line  Tramway  controversy,  and  hope  has  been  revived  of 
the  possibility  of  the  question  being  settled  by  the  Tramway  Co. 
and  the  Corporation  without  resorting^  to  the  expensive  proceeding 


Vol.72.    No.  1,842.  March  M,  1913.]         THl'     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


isn 


at  a  (Iplit.  oviT  tlio  Pnrliftmi'titary  Itiil  proinoU'd  tiv  tlu^  (ximpiiny 
for  the  Hiilixtitiitinii  of  ovcrlicnd  wirPH  nlonir  thf  front  fHpUniulH  in 
plBco  of  tlio  prcHi  lit  Doltcr  Hynteiii.  Tho  It.  of  T.  Iihh  Hent  iin  inti- 
iiifttion  to  the  Corporation  that  tho  inorcnKi;  in  thi;  nnmluT  of 
"livo"  Btn(ln  on  tlin  front  in  Huch  lliat  it  proponcH  to  oondonin  tho 
Hystoin  Hix  nionlh.M  hontio.  InterviowH  hptwpon  tho  I<aw  and  I'arliu- 
tnontary  Conimitteo  of  thn  Corporation  and  tho  dircctorH  of  the 
TrnniwayH  Co.  aro  now  lakintr  jilaco.  Tho  f^ont(l^rorH  arc  practically 
unanimous  in  their  opposition  to  overhead  wires,  and  havo  raised  a 
fund  to  assist  the  Corporation  .in  opposing  tho  Parliamentary  Hill. 
Those  people  would  prefer  a  servico  of  motor-'husfH  to  trams  of  any 
kind,  and,  incidentally,  it  may  ho  mentioned  that  two  London  com- 
panies have  arranged  to  (jive  demonstrations  with  thoir  latest  typo 
iif  vehicles. 

London, — .Anotlicr  ptoppagc  of  the  L.C.(.'.  trainways 
>hteni  occurred  on  Monday  afternoon  for  a  period  of  ahout  half  an 
hour  ;  all  the  cars  were  stopped  and  much  inconvenience  was 
caused.  It  was  due  to  a  short-circuit  on  the  switchuear,  which  put 
one  of  the  trenerators  out  of  action,  and  the  necossary  repairs 
.used  delay  in  restarting. 

Manchester. — At  amectino:of  the  Corporation  Tramways 
Ciimmittee  on  Tuecday,  £100,000  wa't  fixed  as  the  roritribntion  of 
this  Committee  towards  the  relief  of  the  rates  for  the  yearendingf 
March  .'ilst.  The  sum  is  a  record  for  the  United  Kinpdom  ;  it  is 
the  highest  amount  ever  paid  in  any  one  year  to  the  relief  of  the 
rates  by  any  tramway  undertakinsj  in  Great  Britain.  In  10  years, 
the  Committee  has  contributed  no  less  than  £700,000,  last  year's 
amount  being  £S5,000. 

Morecanibe. — The  siigjjestion  that  the  horse-drawn 
tramway  service  .should  he  brought  up  to  date  by  means  of  electrical 
equipment,  is  still  to  the  front.  At  the  present  time,  those  who 
favour  the  electrifieation  of  the  tramway  system  are  concerning 
themselves  with  the  Edifon-Bcaoh  accumulator,  and,  though  there 
is  opposition  on  the  ground  of  unsightliness  of  the  overhead  system, 
and  the  large  outlay  necefsary  for  any  .icheme  of  electric  trams,  it 
is  felt  that  the  time  is  now  ripe  for  putting  some  definite  scheme 
forward  and  bringing  the  matter  to  fruition. 

Rochdale. — The  question. of  the  introduction  of  motor- 
buses  in  certain  parts  of  Rochdale  not  served  by  tramways  was 
mentioned  at  a  meeting  of  the  Tramways  Committee  last  week, 
and  a  short  discuesion  on  the  matter  took  place. 

Salford, — A  question  was  raised  at  the  T.C.  on  ilarch 
6th,  as  to  how  much  the  cars  which  it  was  proposed  to  dismantle 
had  cost,  and  how  and  when  they  were  bought.  Alderman  Linsley 
said  he  could  not  an8.wer  the  question  without  proper  notice.  The 
cars  had  been  a  source  of  great  trouble.  They  had  tried  to  sell 
them,  but  had  been  unable  to  do  so.  By  dismantling  the  cars,  and 
inviting  tenders  for  the  supply  of  car  bodies  and  trucks  to  be  fitted 
with  the  electrical  f  quipnient  taken  from  them,  they  were  adopting 
the  best  method  of  dealing  with  them. 

Silsden  (near  Reiuhlej). — The  surveyor  to  the  U.D.C. 

has  been  instructed  to  go  into  the  question  of  laying  a  single  track 
tramway  from  Bolton  Road  end  to  the  station. 

^Olith  Mrk?, — DuEBAN. — The  annual  report  of  the 
Municipal  Tramways  manager  (Mr.  H.  N.  Thomas)  for  the 
year  ending  .July  31st,  1912,  shows  very  encoursgirg  results,  the 
revenue  exceeding  the  estimate  by  £2,803,  and  being  7i  pf-r  cent, 
over  last  year's  receipts.  The  length  of  line  is  now  Hf8S2  route 
miles,  or  34"022  miles  of  track.  The  income  was  £122,0.56; 
oprrating  expenses,  £72,217;  net  income,  £4O,S30,  which,  after 
paying  capital  charges  and  4  per  cent,  to  the  borough  fund,  left  £716 
as  net  profit.  The  car-miles  run  were  1,672,220,  and  the  passengers 
carried  15,655,737. 

South  Shields. — At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C,  on  the  5th 

inst ,  the  proposal  of  the  Tramways  Committee  to  make  a  general 
fare  of  Id.  was  considered.  Aid.  Wylie.  in  moving  the  adoption  of 
the  Committee's  report,  said  they  wiehed  to  introduce  a  system  of 
fares  that  would  be  common  to  all  users  of  the  trams,  and  dispense 
with  any  sectional  privileges  that  had  been  in  force  of  late.  It 
frequently  happened  that  a  passenger,  who  was  compelled  to  pay 
IJd.  fares  through  boarding  a  car  outside  a  Id.  boundary  had 
travelled  into  the  Id.  section,  but  actually  travelled  a  much  less 
distance  for  his  nd.  than  the  distance  that  was  given  for  Id. 
They  further  proposed  to  abolish  the  privileged  sections,  which 
they  instituted  some  time  ago.  On  these  privileged  sections  Id. 
return  fares  were  adopted  with  the  object  of  inducing  more  persons 
to  use  the  cars  in  the  districts  where  they  were  poorly  patronised. 
What  had  been  the  result  '  They  had  two  of  these  sections,  and 
the  returns  showed  they  had  only  contributed  r2i!  per  cent,  of 
the  total  revenue.  The  Mayor  seconded  the  resolution.  He  said 
he  had  found  that  South  Shields  only  carried  its  population  74 
times  over  in  12  months,  which  was  practically  one  and  a  half 
times  per  week.  Sunderland  carried  its  population  99  times 
over  in  12  months;  Hull,  148  times  over;  Xewcastle,  157  times 
over;  and  when  they  got  into  the  larger  towns  and  cities,  the 
results  were  even  more  astounding.  He  favoured  the  proposal,  as 
he  thought  it  generally  would  lead  to  an  increase  in  their  traffics. 
Amendments  were  proposed  to  raise  the  age  limit  for  children  to 
1*  years,  to  make  the  hour  for  the  issue  of  the  cheap  tickets 
9  a.m.  instead  of  8.45  a.m.,  and  extend  the  hours  for  the  issue  of 
dinnertime  return  tickets,  from  11  a.m.  to  2.30  p.m.,  instead  of 
from  11  a.m.  to  2  p.m.,  bat  the  propositions  were  all  negatived, 
and  the  Committee's  report  adopted, 


Sfo(K|K»r<.  'I'Im;  new  raillfHS  mrn  v,(rv.  iiiKpoctfd  on 
March  7th  by  Colonel  von  Donop  and  Mr.  A  I*.  Trottor,  of  the 
H.  of  T.,  and  tho  Kervioo  waH  oponcd  to  th«  public  on  Monday. 
The  Itn  men  hyntem,  which  han  \xn;n  adopted,  in  nftw  no  far  an  thU 
country  is  concerned,  anil  difTcrH  from  tho  I^cdn  ami  Urwlford 
inHtallalioriM. 

Strelford. — .NCjiotations  are  to  \)('  (»rricfl  on   with  the 

Tramways  Committee  of  the  ManchcHter  Corporation  with  a  view 
to  adaiiHo  being  inHerted  in  th.!  draft  lean*!  that  thn  I.  I»C.  nhall 
be  entitled  to  i-x-rvi^u  its  (lOwerH  to  use  the  whole  of  the  tramway» 
for  township  purpo-es  cubjeet  to  a  reasonable  claasc  eecuring  the 
Manchester  Corporation  agaiuht  loss. 

Walsall. — The  Corporation  TnimwayH  Committee  liaH 
decided  that  the  net  profit  for  the  year  amounting  to  £S,392 
shall  be  carried  to  the  reBerve  fund  after  payment  thereout  of  a 
further  contribution  of  C  1,500  to  the  Borough  fund,  which  with 
the  £500  paid  in  April  last,  makes  a  total  contribution  of  £2.00«) 
in  aid  of  the  rates  from  the  profits  of  the  undertaking  for  1912. 
A  sub-committee  has  been  appointed  to  consider  and  repfirt  bm 
to  what  extensions,  if  any,  of  the  tramways  shoulil  b*^  made  in 
the  borough  and  in  the  adjoining  <li8trict,s,  either  by  means  of 
railless  trolley  vehicles,  motor-'bases,  or  otherwise. 

West  Ham. — Tlie  Tramways  Committee  has  adopted 
the  idea  of  fixing  illuminated  service  numbers  to  the  tramcan'. 
and  has  authorised  its  manager  to  carry  out  the  work. 

Wolverliamnton.— i::i,777  has  l)cen  transferrcl  from 
the  profits  of  the  Corporation's  Tramway  undertaking  to  the 
credit  of  the  Borough  fund. 

Three  additional  tram  cars,  with  top  covers  and  vestibule  ends 
are  to  be  purchased  by  the  Tramway  Committee  at  a  cost  not 
exceeding  £2,700. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Durban.— The  annual  report  of  the  Durban  Municipal 
Telephones  manager  (Mr.  W.  Manson),  fortheyear  ending  June 31  st, 
1912,  shows  a  total  of  2,259  subscribers,  with  a  revenue  of  £21,385 
and  expenditure  of  £7,655,  giving  a  net  revenue  of  £13,380,  which, 
after  paying  capital  charges,  kc,  and  a  4  per  cent,  contribution  to 
the  borough  fund,  leaves  a  balance  of  £2,038. 

During  the  year  an  extension  has  been  made  to  the  switchboard, 
giving  room  for  an  extra  720  connections.  The  trui  k  traffic  is 
developing  rapidly,  there  being  a  total  of  153,056  calls  during  the 
year. 

I^ew  Fessenden    Radio  Station  in  Brooklyn. — The 

National  Electric  Signalling  Co.,  operating  Prof.  R.  Fesienden'a 
patents,  has  erected  a  large  laboratory  and  works  in  Brooklyn. 
The  company  has  engaged  a  large  staff  of  engineers  and  mechanics, 
and  is  building  one  of  the  largest  and  most  powerful  radio- 
telegraphifi  and  telephonic  stations  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  America. 
At  each  end  of  thereof  of  the  company's  six-storey  building,  is  being 
erected  a  steel  pjlon,  specially  designed  to  resist  sudden  and 
sustained  wind  load-.  Betwten  40  ft.  bt°el  cr,iss  arms  at  the  tops 
of  the  pylons,  is  stretched  a  multiple  Tee-antenna,  the  span  of 
which  is  400  ft.,  the  height  of  the  cress  wires  above  earth  being 
about  250  ft.  The  pylons  are  150  ft.  in  height,  and  are  insulated 
from  the  roof  by  large  porcelain  pedestal  insulators  2  ft.  in  thick 
ness.  The  aerial  wires  are  of  phosphor  bronze,  and  the  downtake 
wires  from  the  centre  of  the  span  are  carried  back  to  enter  the 
operating  room,  which  is  on  the  top  flo^r  of  the  building,  and  just 
outside  the  base  of  one  of  the  pylons.  The  company  is  building  the 
Fessenden  high  frequency  alternator  for  40  key.  per  second  and 
higher  frequencies.  The  "radiations  emitted  by  a  station  using  this 
alternator  are  heard  in  the  receiving  telephone  as  a  shrill  piping 
which  is  easily  discriminated  from  foreign  signals  or  disturbances. 
Machines  are  in  course  of  design  and  construction  which  will 
provide  frequencies  up  to  200  key.  per  second  when  driven  at 
speeds  up  to  30,000  R  P.M.,  by  direct  coupled  Laval  turbines. 

Wireless    Antenme     at    Ground    Level.  —  M.  E. 

Rothe  has  recently  carried  out  experiments  at  St.  Denis  regarding 
the  receptipn  of  wireUss  radiations  by  antenra'  carried  along  and 
only  just  clear  of  the  ground.  The  results  obtained  are  rather 
different  from  those  obtained  by  Jegou,  near  St.  Brieuc  (which  is 
about  the  same  distance  from  Paris,  but  in  the  opposite  direction). 
The  antenna  used  by  Rothe  was  a  single  copper  wire  placed  on 
short  posts  about  6  in.  high.  The  insulation  obtained  was  very 
poor,  and  the  wire  touched  grass  at  several  points.  The  "  aerial  " 
was  not  set  towards  Paris  ;  its  length  was  varied  from  50  to  1 15  ft. 
Connection  was  made  to  a  water-pipe,  as  earth,  through  a  self- 
induction  of  00045  henry  and  a  detector,  telephone  and  battery 
were  connected  in  series  between  the  water-pipe  and  the  common 
terminal  of  the  aerial  and  the  self-induction.  Under  these  con- 
ditions, signals  from  the  E  ffel  tower  were  received  perfectly, 
whether  a  400-ohm  telephone  was  used  or  a  150-ohm  receiver 
shunted  across  a  Jcgou  transformer.  The  garden  in  which  thtse 
experiments  were  conducted  is  surrounded  by  a  metal  fencing  about 
3  ft,  6  in.  in  height. 

Equally  successful  results  are  reported  by  M.  Tavenaux  (Sedan), 
and  experiments  are  being  conducted  to  determine  the  wave  length 
and  other  characteristics  of  these  aerials  which,  by  their  cheapness 
and  simplicity,  shonld  find  many   useful    applications.— ylc.jrf.mw 


436 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  72.  no.  i,842,  march  1 1,  1913. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Atherton    (near    Manchester).  —  The    TT.D.C.    bas 

decided,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Electricity  Committee,  to 
obtain  tenders  for  transformers,  to  meet  the  growing:  demand  on 
the  low-tension  mains. 

.instralia. — -May  14th.  (ienerating;  plant  for  Darwin 
lladiotolefrriiph  Station,  Northern  Territory.  See  "Official  Notices  ' 
to-day. 

Bel$riuni. — March  •J'Mh.  Municipal  authorities  of  Ixelles- 
le/.-Bruxelles.  Armoured  cables  necessaiv  for  the  low-tension 
distribution  service. 

RInckpuoI. — Hiijh  and  low-tension  cables  and  trans- 
foriiier  switch  pillars.     See   'Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Bolton. — March  27th.  .Materials  and  stores  for  the  year. 
Mr.  Samuel  Parker,  Town  Clerk,  Town  Hall.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

Bosnia. — ^Slarch  20th.  Municipal  authorities  of  I^ivno. 
Tenders  for  the  establishment  of  a  central  station  for  public  and 
private  electric  liprhtinp  purposes  in  the  town. 

Bridgend. — March  21st.  One  -lOO-K.v.A.steam  alternator 
and  accessories,  for  the  U.D.C.     See  "Official  Notices"  Feb.  28th. 

CardifT. — March  I'.itb.  Electric  light  sundries  for  a 
year,  for  the  City  Mental  Hospital.  Mr.  T.  D.  Morgan,  clerk  and 
steward.  Mental  Hospital,  Whitchurch,  near  Cardiif . 

Carlisle. —  March  2."»th.  Lubricating  oils,  greases,  &c., 
and  cables,  for  a  year,  for  the  t'ity  Electricity  Department.  See 
"Official  Notices'"  to-day. 

Croydon. — March  31st.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the  Cor- 
poration Electricity  Department.    See  "  Official  Notices ""  Feb.  21st. 

Dundalk. — March  24th.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the 
U.D.C.  Electricity  Department.    See  "Official  Notices"  March  7th. 

Eccles. — March  17th.  Lancashire  boiler,  for  the  Elec- 
tricity Committee.  Forms  of  tender,  .See.,  obtainable  from  Borough 
Electrical  Engineer,  Cawdor  Street,  Patricroft.  Deposit  £1  Is., 
returnable. 

Germany. — April  l.")th.  The  Kiinigl.  Maschinenbau 
Amt  in  Hanover.  Tenders  for  four  steam  turbinfs,  four  three-phase 
generators,  two  transformers  and  a  battery  of  accumulators. 

Gillin<rliani  (Kent). — March  28th.  Stores  for  a  year. 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

llalifa.\.  —  March  18th.  Electrical  fittings  for  six 
months,  for  the  B.  of  G.  Mr.  A.  T.  Longbotham,  clerk,  Carlton 
Street. 

Hornsey. — March  31st.  Natural  draught  cooling  tower 
for  the  T.C.  electricity  works.    See  ''  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Leeds,  —  March  17th.  (c^)  Overground  transformer 
chamber  ;  (//)  underground  transformer  ohambers,  for  the  electric 
lighting  department.  Specifications,  \:c.,  from  C.  Nelson  Hetford, 
engineer  (/'/(»  /'■«/.),  1,  Whitehall  Road,  Leeds. 

London. — L.C.C. — March  lilth.  Electrical  installation 
at  the  Victory  Place  elementary  school,  Walworth,  SB.  See 
"Official  Notices"  March  7th. 

It  is  proposed  that  during  the  reces.s,  the  Highways  Committee 
shall  have  authority  to  open  any  tenders  that  may  be  received  for 
the  construction  of  the  authori'^ed  conduit  tramways  from  Catford 
to  Southend  '•<«  Bromley  Road,  and  the  reconstruction  of  the 
existing  horse  tramways  from  Chapel  Street  to  Nile  Street,  Woolwich. 

March  18th. — Two  2,000-KW.  turbo-generators,  with  condensing 
plant,  kc.  (further  extension  of  time).  See  "  Official  Notices  ' 
Febrnary  2.Hth. 

April  3rd. — Reconstruction  and  rewinding  of  seventeen  300-kw. 
oynchronons  motor-generators  and  three  ."OO-kw.  induction  motor- 
generators.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Mile  Ksn. — March  20th.  Re- wiring  wards,  \:c  ,  at  the  Infirmary 
for  the  Guardians.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  March  7th. 

Batteksk.a.— April  1st.  Coal  for  a  year,  for  the  B  ('.  Electricity 
Department.     See  "Official  Notices''  to-day. 

IWorecanihe.  —  March  19th.  Coal  or  slack  (about 
2, .500  tons),  for  the  Corporation  electricity  works.  Mr.  L.  B. 
Hogarth,  engineer  and  manager.  « 

Pontypridd. — March  17th.  Tramway-men's  uniforms 
for  the  U.D.C.     See  "Official  Notices"  February  28th. 

Portsmoutll. — March  18th.  Stores  and  materials  for  a 
yi'ar,  for  the  (,'orporation  Trnmwayg  Depjirtment,     See   "Official 


Sal  ford. — ]\Iarch  31  St.  Stores.  Arc,  for  the  Corporation 
Electricity  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Siinnjrbai. — April  8rd.  Extra-high-tension  and  low- 
tension  switchgear  for  sub-stations.     See  "  Official  Notices  "'  to-day. 

South  Afrira, — Port  Emzaukth. — Tenders  will,  it  is 

expected,  shortly  be  invited  by  the  municipality  for  additions  to 
the  town"s  electrical  plant,  the  new  items  including  a  400-kw. 
generating  set  with  boiler  auxiliaries'^  and  high-tension  mains,  to 
be  laid  from  the  power  station  to  Homewood. — Bntiuli  and  Smith 
Al'ricati  Ej-jHirt  0/i:i'ffp. 

Stalybridjre. — 4,r)00  yards  k.h.  r.  three-core  lead-covered 
cable.     See  "'  Official  Notices""  to-day. 

Swindon. — March  20th.  The  Standing  Joint  Com- 
mittee of  the  Wilts  County  Council  invites  tenders  for  work  in  con- 
nection with  the  installation  of  electric  light  at  the  Old  County 
Police  Station,  Swindon.  Plans  and  specification  and  form  of  tender 
from  County  Surveyor's  Office,  Swindon. 

Tonbridire. — March  15th.  Cables  and  meters  for  a 
year,  for  the  U.D.C.     Mr.  H.  W.  Peach,  clerk,  Tonbridge  Castle. 

I'tujTuay. — March  29th.  Five  electric  gantry  cranes 
for  CuBtoms  warehouses  at  Monte  "Video.  B.  of  T.  C.I.  Depart- 
ment in  London. 

Wallasey. — March  loth.  Fuel  oil  (400  tons)  for  a  year, 
for  the  Corporation  electricity  department.  Mr.  J.  A.  Crowther, 
electrical  engineer,  Seaview  Road,  Liscard. 

Wigan. — March  31st.  Materials  and  stores  for  the  Cor- 
poration Light  and  Tramways  Departments.  See  "Official  Notices"' 
to-day. 


CLOSED. 

Bolton. — The  B.C.  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted 
the  tender  of  Messrs.  John  Booth  i:  Sons,  Bolton,  for  steelwork  for 
the  proposed  generating  station  at  Back-o'-th"-Bank. 

Bradford. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Cox- 
Walkers,  Ltd.,  at  £843,  for  a  "  Taylor-Scotson ""  voltage  regulator. 

The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  for  supplies  of  materials 
required  for  tramway  construction  work  : — 

Walter  Scott,  Ltd.— Sfeel  rails,  £7,750. 

Britisli  Mannetiiiann  Tube  Co.,  Ltd. -Steel  poles,  £5,222. 

Hadfleld's  Steel  Foundry  Co.,  Ltd.— Points  and  crossings,  £'2,712. 

Bayliss,  Jones  &  Ba.yliss.  Ltd  —Tie  bars,  £197. 

Jonas  Wells,  Ltd.— Malleable  iron  castings,  £603. 

A.  U.  Barrett  &  Go. — Iron  castings,  £415. 

R.  W.  Blackwell  &  Co  ,  Ltd.-Copper  bonds,  £326. 

Tbermit,  Ltd.— Welding  portions,  19s.  6d.  each. 

Bridlinj^ton. — The  T.C.  on  Monday  accepted  the  tender 
of  Messrs.  Willans  &  Robinson,  Ltd.,  for  a  600-kw.  steam  generating 
set,  disk-and-drum  turbine,  coupled  to  tandem  D.c.  generators, 
made  by  Brown,  Boveri,  at  £2,8()7. 

Canada. — Messrs.  Escher,  Wyss  &  Co."s  branch  at  Montreal 
has  been  accorded  the  contract  for  the  installation  of  three  water- 
wheels  of  0,800  H.P.  each,  for  the  extension  of  the  City  of 
Winnipeg's  power  station  at  Point  du  Bcis. 

Cheltenliani. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
General  Electric  Co.,  of  Cardifif,  for  electric  light  fittings  for  a  year 

Croydon. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Le  Grand  &  Sutcliife,  at  £240,  for  sinking  a  bore-hole  at  the 
electricity  works. 

Dew.sbiiry. — The  Electricity  and  Tfamways  Committee 
has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Ferranti.  Ltd.,  for  a  new  switch 
panel  for  the  turbine  generator. 

Grimsby. — The  T.C.  has  accei>ted  the  tender  of  the 
British  Westinghouee  Co.,  at  £7,524,  for  a  1,000-KW.  turbine 
generator  and  condensing  plant. 

lleckmondwike. — The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender 
of  the  Tudor  Accumulator  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  re-making  the  top 
battery  lloor. 

Lincoln. — The  B.C.  has  approved  the  acceptance  of  a 
tender  by  Messrs.  Howden  for  a  boiler,  stoker,  superheater,  econo- 
miser,  chimney,  induced-draught  flues,  kc,  for  £3,08C. 

London. — Bkrmond.sey. — The  B.C.  last  week  decided  to 

accept  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Johnson  &  Phillips,  Ltd.,  for  the 
supply  of  170  arc  lamps  for  street  lighting,  for  £1,(116.  Councillor 
G.  Barrett  opposed  the  acceptance  of  the  tender,  favouring  the 
acceptance  of  the  offer  of  the  (ieneral  Electric  Co  ,  Ltd.,  whose  price 
was  £l,5(i8.  Councillor  J.  Delderfield  opposed  the  suggestion  of 
Councill<'i'-   Btirrptt.      The  rleotrical   engineer   explained   why   tho 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,ft42,  MAiUJir  14,  19ia.] 


mF.    li^T J'lCTllTCA  L    HKVJRW 


4'M 


lnin|i  ol'  Mi^HMrs.  .lolinHon  .V  I'hillipH  wiih  chom'ii  l)y  tho  (Jornmiktue. 
Hn  Kaiii  tlmf.  with  ropnrt]  to  iiiniiiU'iiit'uu',  Ihi'n-  wiih  vnry  littlo 
flifTnrpiH^T  Ijctwccii  tli«  lampH  of  MoHHfH.  .lohiiHon  .^  I'hillipM  iiml  thfl 
Oonoriil  I';i('(!tri(!  On.,  but  the  formnr  firm  hiui  (riv(>ri  n  two  vcarM' 
puaranti'o  with  th(>ir  lampn.  Ah  Htatod.  tho  tcndor  of  MeBHrH. 
.lohriHon  \  Phillijw  waH  ultimatclv  aonopted. 

Th<^  Mptiapolilan  Wat^r  Hoard  hoB  acooptod  the  following  tondorK 
for  annual  HupplioH  to  all  Htatinnw  :  — 

Kiii«nn  A  Swim  lliiitod  Kluctrin  TiiKht  Co.,  I.Ul.— Motalliclllamonl  ImiiiiB. 

VoritVH,  l.lrl.     Wircn,  onblCH  nii'l  tapOH. 

(loiioi-ftl  l'',l(wtrio  Co.,  Ltd.— Elcolrioal  apccssorlos. 

Waiichestpr. — The  street  Mains  iind  lii<(litinf(  Sub- 
(!0mmittc(i  of  the  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  has  recently 
reconiinended  tho  followiiie:  tenders  for  aceeptanco  :  — 

OeDpral   F.lpotrlo  Co.,  Ltd.-  An  addltionol  SOOkw.   rotary  ooiivertor  and 

tranafnrmor. 
FciTftiiti,  Ltd.— II. T.  awitcligcar  and  b.h.t.  pancln. 
nrucii  PnoliIcH  ,1-  Co.,  I^td.— BflO-KW.  motor  converter. 
Goneral  Klpctrlo  Co.,  Ltd.— Circuit  breakers. 
Britiali  lOIectrio  Transformer  Co.,  Ltd.— Auto-lninflrormorB. 

IVel.son. — 'I'lic  T.C.,  on  March  fith,  decided  to  accept  the 
followintr  tenders  for  the  new  plant  required  at  the  electricity 
works  :  — 

Tudor  Accumulator  Co. — Traction  battery. 

Newton  Dioa.,  Derby.— Generator  and  booster. 

IVew]»ort  (Moil.). — The  B.  of  G.  on  Saturday  accepted 
the  tender  of  Messrs.  R.  Algrer  k  Sons  for  electric  Uaht  fittings  for 
a  year. 

Peferborouffh. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Callender's  Gable  and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  cables  for  the  new 
bridge,  at  £187. 

Rochdale. — In  connection  with  the  extensions  at  the 
electricity  works,  the  Gas  and  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted 
the  followinpr  tenders  : — 

R.  A  T.  Howarth.— Building  work. 
W.  H.  Allen  &  Co.— Turbo-alternator. 
J.  Howden  A  Co. — Steam  turbo-alternator. 
General  Electric  Ca. — Motor  alternator. 

Sheffield. — The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  by 
the  City  Council  :  — 

Ferrsnti,  Ltd.— Two  high-tension  two-phase  switchboards,  f  173. 

Steel,  Peech  &  Tozer,  L'd.— LCOO  tons  of  steel  tram  rails,  £10  158.  per  ton. 

British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.  —  fiO  B  13  controllers,  complete, 
required  for  new  cars,  £47  IPs.  ppr  pair,  less  2J  per  cent  ;  two  rotary 
converters,  complete  with  transformers,  meters,  switchgear,  Ac, 
£9,296,  subject  to  the  period  of  delivery  being  satisfactorily  arranged. 

British  Mannesmanu  Tube  Co.,  Ltd. — 75  light  tramway  poles,  complete 
with  bases  and  joint  covers,  £5  14s.  each  ;  25  medium  tramway  poles, 
ooniplete  with  bases  and  joint  covers,  £7  5s.  5d.  each. 

Naylor  Bro».,  Ltd. — 75  light  span  pale  brackets,  complete  with  crosses, 
clips  and  shackles,  238.  each  ;  25  medium  span  pole  brackets,  248.  each. 

Electric  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.— Two  45-kw.  negative  boosters,  complete 
with  all  fittings,  connections  and  switchboards,  £S6S. 

T.  Wilitinson  &  Sons,  Ltd —Reconstruction  of  Home  Lane  tramway 
depot,  £9,950. 

The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  for  biennial  supplies: — 

Electricity  Department. 

Copper  wires.— Imeson,  Finch  &  Co.  ;  British  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables. 
Iron  tubing.— Albert  Frost  &  Co.;  D.  Ash  ton  &  Co.;  Credenda  Conduits, 

Ltd.;  \Vi  Iks  Bros.  &  Co. 
Timber  and  wood  blocks.- A.  W.  Cliff ;  H.  Newsum,  Sons  &  Co. ;  General 

Electric  Co. 
Tapes.— Tbos.  Furniss,  Ltd. 
India-rubber  goods.— L.  Andrew  .S  Co. ;  G.  Maclellan  &  Co. ;  I.R.,  G.P.  and 

T.  Works  Co.,  Ltd. :  Thos.  Furniss,  Ltd.  ;  W.  T.  Glover  &  Co. 
Brushes.— Thos.  Furniss,  Ltd. ;  Wilks  Bros.  A  Co. ;  R.  J.  Stokes  &  Co. 

Truiwavs  Department. 

Armature  washers.  — Samuel  Peace  &  Sons,  Ltd. 

Controller  fittings.- Dyer  &  Young. 

Weldless  steel  tubes. — British  Mannesmann  Tube  Co.,  Ltd. 

Trolley  wheel  spindles. — Samuel  Peace  &  Sons,  Ltd. 

Car  electrical  supplies.— G.  W.  Allsop;  J.  Turner  &  Sons;  Edison  &  Swan 

United  Electric  Light  Co.,  Ltd. 
Electric  bell  spares.— The  Hallamshire  Electric  Co. 
Electric  light  fittings.-  J.  Thompson;  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
Gftble,  &c  — I.E.,  G.P.  and  T.  Works  Co.,  Ltd. 
Fibre  trolley  sleeves.- Tramway  Supplies,  Ltd. 

Rubber  materials  -G.  Maclpllan  &  Co. ;   I.R.,  G.P.  and  T.  Works  Co.,  Ltd. 
Insulating  cloths,   tapes   and  linen —L.  Andrew  &  Co.;  W.  T.  Henley's 

Telegraph  Works  Co.;  Spicer  Bros.,  Ltd. ;  T.  A.  Ashton,  Ltd. ;  and  E. 

Inman  &  Co. 
Car  furniture.— M.  Bonser  cS:  Co. ;  Gabriel  &  Co. ;  Player  &  Mitchell,  Ltd. ; 

R.   &  H,   F.  Phillips;   G.  W.  Allsop;   W.  8.  Laycock,  Ltd.;   Samuel 

Peace  ,>i  Sons,  Ltd. 
Springs.— Cocker  Bros.,  Ltd.;  Tempered  Spring  Co.,  Ltd.;  J.  P.  Skinner 

and  Co.,  Ltd. 
Slipper  blocks.— George  Miles. 
Brushes.— R.  Richmond  &  Sons  ;  C.  Hoyland  A  Son,  Ltd. ;  G.  B.  Kent  and 

Sous,  Ltd. 
Glass.— Pilkington  Bros.,  Ltd. :  Alfred  Webb;  Hallamshire  Electric  Co. 
Overhead  line  material. -Brecknell,  Munro  it  Rogers,   Ltd.;    M.   Bonser 

and  Co.;  Tramway  Supplies.  Ltd.;  S.  Peace  &  Sons,  Ltd.;  Fleming, 

Birkby  &  Gondall.  Ltd. ;  Veritys.  Ltd. 
H.c.  copper  and  lead  wire,   to  be  made   up  into  cables. — W.  T.   Glover 

and  Co.,  Ltd. 

South  Africa. — Messrs.  Siemens  have  obtained  a  contract 
for  the  supply  of  31,800  "Wotan"  lamps  for  use  on  the  South 
African  Railways. 

Stockport,  —  The  Corporation  Parks,  Museum  and 
Library  Committee  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Mr.  Richard  Bardsley 
for  wiring  and  erection  of  electrical  fittings  at  the  new  library. 

Stockton-on-Tees. — The  tender  of  the  Reason  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  Ltd.,  for  electrolytic  meters,  h^s  been  accepted  by 
the  Council. 


Stoke-on-Trent. — 'I'lie  T.r.  huH  luwptod  the  tender  of 

(;al!(!ii.|<r  M  I   iliht  and  i   )nHtriiction  Ci.,  L'd.,  for  cAh\ei>,  at  £3,f)B3. 

Tnnltridire  Wells. — The  T.C  ban  wvo^aM  the  tender  of 

the  ''winamai)   Cual  Cu.  for   lOo  ton*  of  Welnh  Nteam  co«l  for  the 
electricity  workh,  at  K  I  fin.  >*<i.  per  t/in. 

Watford.  The  \'.\).(l.  him  renewed  itH  «thlc  contract 
with  McH-rH.  iri'nli-y'rt  'lVlci;r:iph  Workn  Co.,  I, til.,  for  a  furthpr 
period  of  12  iiiontliM.  on  the  Hchcdidn  of  prlc^n  revincd  on  the  bwi* 
of  the  preHcnt  price  of  i;opp<?r,  vi/,.,  C*>9  per  ton. 

Wolverlianipton. — The  Corporation  'I'ramwavH  Com- 
mittee has  accepted  the  tender  of  Mfi««rH.  I'earaon,  HngginR  k  Co., 
Ltd.,  for  the  supply  of  caps  and  clothing  for  the  tramway  ioRpeotom, 
drivers  and  conduotorp. 


PORTHCOMINO    EVENTS. 


Physical  Society.— Friday,  March  14th.  At  5  p.m.  At  the  Unlveriity 
College,  Howi  r  Htrept,  W.C;.  Paper  on  '  Home  OBcillograins  of  Condenicr 
Discharges  and  a  Simple  Theory  of  Coupled  Circuim,  '  and  "  An  Exhit.itioD 
of  Braun  Cathode-Rav  Tubes  and  an  Eleclroxlatic  Machine  tor  Working 
them,  u-ed  as  a  HigliFref|Uency  Oscillf  graph, "by  Prof.  J.  A.  Fleming:  aod 
other  papers."  Demonstration  of  Spark  Photograplia,  by  Mr.  W.  B.  llAinei, 
before  the  meeting. 

Southwestern    Polytccbnic   Institute.— Friday,  March  Hth.     At  P  p.m. 

I'rcsentttion  of   prizes  and  certificates  by  Sir  C.Alfred  Crippg.    ConTer- 

sazione  following. 
Junior   Institution   of  Engineers.— Friday,   March    Hth.     At  39,  Vlcloris 

Street.    Continuation  ol  discussion  on  paper  on  "  Water-Heat-Steom." 
Royal  Institution.— Saturday,  March   15th.     At  8  p.m.     Lecture  on  "The 

Properties  and  Constitution  of  the  Atom,"  by  Prof.   Sir  .J.  J.  ThomsoD. 

(Lecture  VI.) 
Borough  Polytecbnic  Institute.- Saturday,  March  lotli.    At  3  to  5.E0  p.m. 

Annual  exhibition  of  students'  work. 

North-East  Coast  Institution  of  Engineers  and  Shipbuilders.— Saturday, 

March  15th.  At  7.15  p.m.  Paper  on  "Transmission  of  Power  by  Cham 
Drive,"  by  Mr.  M.  Ba-Gyaw. 

Institution  of  Electrical   Engineers  (Scottish  Section).— Tuesday,  March 

18th.  At  8  p.m.  At  !i07,  Bath  Street,  Glasgow.  Paper  on  "Recent 
nevelopinents  iu  the  Street  Lighting  of  Manchester,"  by  Messrs.  3.  L. 
Pearce  and  H.  A.  Ratclift. 

Annual  general  meeting  postponed  from  April  8th  to  April  15th. 

(Newcastle  Section).— Mondav,  March  I7th.  At  7.30  p  m.  At  the 
.\rmstrogn  Cnllcgj,  Newcastle.  Paper  on  "Regulation  of  Pressure  and 
Continuity  of  Supply  of  Electricity  under  Various  Aspects,"  by  Mr.  E.  Wyatt. 

(Newcastle  Students'  SectionX-Monday,  March  17th.  At  7.30  p.m. 
.\tthe  Armstrong  College,  Newcastle  Paper  on  "  Regulation  of  Pressure 
and  Coniinuity  of  Supply  of  Electricity  under  various  .Aspects,"  by  Mr.  E. 
Wyatt. 

(Manchester  Students'  Sectioni.— Tuesday,  March  I7tb.  At  7.30  p  m. 
.\t  the  Municipal  Scnool  of  Technology,  Manchester.  Annnal  general 
meeting. 
Association  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers.— Thursday,  March  27th.  At 
■7  p.m.  Meeting,  to  form  Bifmingham  branch,  at  the  Y.M.C.A.,  Dale  End, 
Birmingham.  Meetings  to  form  branches  will  also  be  held  at  Mechanic's 
Institute,  Bradford,  on  Wednesday,  March  19th,  at  8  p.m.,  and  at  "  Amal- 
gamated Society  of  Engineers,"  Mount  Pleasant,  Liverpool,  on  Thursday, 
March  '20th,  at  8  p.m. 


THE  ELECTRICAL  EKtHNEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Officer — Lieut.-Col.  H.  M.  Leaf. 

The  following  orders  have  been  issued  for  the  current  week  : — 
Monday,   March   17th.— "A"  Company.     Recruit  training,  7   to   10  p.m.: 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Tuesday,  March  18th.— "B"  Company.   Company  (raining,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Thursday,  March  50th.— Easter  Camp.- N  C.O.'s  and  men  atten.'.ing  this 

camp  will  parade  at  headquarters  at  12.45  p.m.  for  issue  of  arms. 
"C"  Company.    Recruit  training,  7  to  lU  p.m.;  company  training, 

7  to  10  p.m. 
Friday,  March  21st.—"  D "  Company.    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Saturday,    March    22nd.— Headquarters    will    be    opened    for    regimental 

business  from  10  a.m.  till  12  noon. 


(Signed) 


P.  H.  Ca.mpbkll,  Capt.  R.K..  and  Adjt. 

For  Officer  commanding  L.E.E. 


Educational  Xotes.— Ce.xtrai,  Technkai.  Coi.lkge.— 

The  Goldsmiths'  Company  of  the  City  of  London,  which  has  con- 
si'itently  supported  the  Central  Technical  College  since  its  inception, 
and  in  1909  grave  £'>0  dOi)  towards  the  extension  of  the  Engineerirg 
Department,  has  tffered  to  bear  the  entire  cost  of  the  new  buildinjr. 
the  additional  outlay  bein'r  nearly  £37.000.  The  only  condition 
attached  to  the  gift  is  that  the  money  thus  set  free  shall  be  added 
to  the  endowment  fund,  and  the  income  therefrom  shall  be  used  f i  r 
the  purpose  of  higher  educational  and  research  work  carried  on  in 
the  "Goldsmiths'  Company's  Extension  of  the  City  and  Guilds 
(Engineering)  College,'"  as  it  will  be  called.  The  offer  has  been 
'  gratefully  accepted  by  Lord  Crewe,  the  Chairman  of  the  Governors 
of  the  Imperial  College  of  Science  and  Technology. 


43S 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE'^TEW-      [Voi.  72.  no.  i,m2,  mabch  i4,  1913. 


NOTES.: 


The  Easter  Holidajs. — As  next  Friday  is  (iood  I'riday 

he  El-KCTKUAl,  Kk.vikw  for  that  day  will  be  published  two  days 
arlitr,  appearing  on  the  inorninp  of  Wednefday,  March  I'Jth. 
'orreppandenti!  are  requested  to  forward  news,  letters,  kc,  at  the 
'arliest  pifsible  moment.  Itur  advertifement  department  ssks  that 
jew  advertisement  copy  and  alterations  to  existing:  advertifementa 
'or  that  issue  should  be  received  not  later  than  to-morrow  (Saturday) 
norijinir,  March  l.'.th.  Aa  announcement  on  the  matter  will  be 
'ound  in  our  advertisement  pages  to-day. 

Elrclrical   Trades    Benevolent    Institution.  —  The 

innual  general  meetinjr  will  be  held  on  Monday.  March  Hist,  at 
!  :I0  p.m.,  at  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Enpineerp.  Mr.  E.  Garcke 
)rff-idirjr.  In  accordance  with  the  new  rules  the  meetinp  will  be 
!omporfd  only  of  "members"  of  the  E  T.15.I  .  but  it  is  hoped  that 
here  will  be  a  pood  representative  attendance. 

Electrical  Ini|iort8  and  Exports  in  Eebruary. — The 

following  are  the  foreipn  trade  figures  for  last  month  : — 
fin/iortu — 
(A)  Electrical    puods  ard  apparatus, 
other  then  machinery  and  un- 
insulated wire £120,967     dec.  £14,038 

(.B)  Machinery i-.520,223     inc.  £10,(!.'-)4 

K-rj.ortu — 

(A)  As  above £355,905  inc.  £102,976 

(B)  As  above £2,712,t;29  inc.  £365,973 

For  the  two  months  of  1913  the  electrical  goods  imported  show 

I  decrease  of  £17,842,  and  the  machinery  imported  an  increase  of 
5169.434  ;  while  the  electrical  pocds  exported  advanced  by 
£196.503.  and  the  machinery  by  £811,806. 

Dublin    Eleeirical   Contiacfors'  Association.— Tbe 

iiinual  dinner  of  the  members  of  this  Association  was  held  on 
rhurfday.  March  6th,  at  the  Hibernian  Hotel,  Dawson  Street, 
)ublin,  Mr.  F.  Barrett,  Chairman,  presiding.  There  were  about 
ifty  members  present.  The  toast  of  the  Kinp  having  been 
lonoured,  the  Chairman  proposed  '■  The  Institution  of  Electrical 
Sngineers."  and  referred  to  the  cordial  relations  existii.p  between 
he  Association  and  the  Institution.  Mr.  S.  T.  Land,  in  replying, 
nentionrd  that  the  Institution  had  recently  taken  steps  with  a  view 
o  placing  itself  in  its  proper  position  at  the  head  of  the  electrical 
ndustry.  It  was  in  a  most  flourishing  condition,  and  was  worthy 
)f  the  fupport  of  everybody  connected  with  the  industry.  He  trusted 
hat  before  long  the  term  "electrical  engineer  "  would  only  be  used 
)j  those  who  had  the  necessary  (|oalification8  entitling  them  to  use 
t.  Mr.  A.  Porte  also  responded,  and  s-aid  that,  as  a  consulting 
ngineer  in  Dublin,  he  had  a  great  deal  to  do  with  the  Contractors" 
Association,  and  a  more  straightforward  body  of  business  men  he 
;ould  not  possibly  meet.  The  Cbaiiman  next  proposed  the  Kindred 
societies,  including  the  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  the  Royal 
Institute  of  Architects,  the  Archiiectural  Association  of  Ireland, 
ind  the  Ergineeiing  and  Sciint'fic  Asrcciaticn.  Mr.  Kaye- Parry, 
in  acknowlidpi'i :g  the  tcaet  en  Vxhalf  of  the  Institution  of  Civil 
Engineers,  said  that  electrical  engineering  was  the  young  man's 
iciene*.  In  these  days  more  was  expected  of  engineers  than  could 
■eai^onably  be  expected  from  one  man.  They  not  only  were  supposed 
o  understand  something  of  the  building  trade,  but  also  to  be 
awyers  and  business  men,  as  well  as  to  have  a  knowledge  of 
reology,  bacteriology,  and  chemistry.  They  were,  moreover,  ex- 
)€cted  to  be  hydraulic  engineers,  and  now,  in  their  old  age,  they  were 
'xpected  to  be  electrical  engineers  as  well.  It  was  impossible  for 
;hem,  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties,  to  be  acquainted  with  all  these 
.iinigs  that  they  were  supposed  to  understand,  but  they  absolutely 
;rusted  their  electrical  cciitractors.  Mr.  G.  L.  O'Connor,  on  behalf 
)f  the  Hoyal  Institute  of  Architects,  said  that  electrical  engineering 
i»a8  not  only  the  science  of  the  present,  but  also  was  going  to  be 
;he  science  of  the  future.  Mr.  G.  M.  Ross,  on  behalf  of  the 
Architectural  Association  of  Ireland,  and  Mr.  George  Idle,  of  the 
Engineering  and  Scientific  AsEociation,  also  responded.  The  toast 
)f  ''The  Guests"  was  next,  honoured.  Captain  Purcell,  Dublin 
Fire  Brigade,  in  replying,  said  that  electrical  engineers  were 
lealing  with  a  very  potent  energy,  and  it  was  very  pliable  in  their 
tiands,  but  it  was  not  amenable  in  the  hands  of  others.  He  was 
;horonghly  convinced  of  the  great  necensity  of  doing  the  work, 
ivhich  the  members  of  the  Association  were  engaged  in,  in  the  best 
potfible  manner,  and  he  knew  that  electrical  contractors,  when  left 
:o  tbemselvea,  did  their  work  in  a  splendid  manner. 

liie    H..4.    Neetio?,     Birniinfthani,     VM:l.—lt     is 

innounced  that  Sir  Oliver  Lodge  has  been  nominated  as  president 
)t  the  British  Association  for  the  Advanc  nient  of  Science,  in 
place  of  the  late  .Sir  William  White.  Section  "  A  "  (Mathematical 
ind  Physical  Science)  will  be  presided  over  by  Dr.  H.  ¥.  Baker, 
F.R.S.  ;  and  the  Engineering  Section  ("G  ")  will  have  as  its  chair- 
nan  Mr.  J.  A.  F.  AsoinaU. 

The  Batti-Mallabs'    Society.— At  the   annual  general 

meeting  held  on  3rd  inht.,  at  the  Golden  Cross  Hotel,  under  the 
chairmanship  of  Mr.  F.  J.  Collis,  the  secretary,  Mr.  Pooley,  gave  a 
report  on  the  progress  made  during  the  past  12  months.  The 
functions  held  included  foar  smoking  concerts,  a  dinner,  seven 
nformal  meeting-",  a  down-river  trip,  an  up-river  trip,  at  which 
l»(li<B    were  present,    and   a  barge    trip        The    n.emterthip    had 


increased  to  220,  and  the  attendances  at  the  meetings  showed  a 
remarkable  increase  over  previous  years.  Mr.  J.  Snow  Hnddleston 
was  unanimously  elected  president  for  the  ensuing  year,  and 
expressions  of  appreciation  were  accorded  to  Mr.  Collis,  the  retiring 
president,  Mr.  A.  \V.  Robinson,  the  entertainment  secretary,  and 
Mr.  F.  Pooley.  The  Press  were  also  thanked  for  their  generous 
assistance  in  publishine  the  notices  of  the  Society.  The  vice- 
presidents  are  Messrs.  J.  F.  Avila,  Haydn  T.  Harrison,  'W.  A.  Jones, 
C.  Newton  Russell  ;  Committee,  Messrs.  Campbell,  Carter,  Gardner, 
(freenly.  Smith,  and  Warrilow. 

London     Electrical     Enjcineers,    R.E.    (T.).  —  On 

Saturday  last  the  Corps  dinner  took  place,  at  the  Cafe'  Monico  ; 
Lieut.  Col.  H.  M.  Leaf  presided,  and  there  was  a  good  attendance 
of  members  of  the  corps  and  their  guests.  After  the  loyal  toasts, 
that  of  ■■  The  Corps  of  London  Electrical  Engineers"  was  proposed 
by  Col.  Hon.  W.  Lambton.C.M.G..  who  congratulated  the  corps  on  its 
being  in  a  highly  efficient  state,  and  above  its  establisbmfnt  as 
regarded  both  officers  and  men,  an  almost  unique  circumstance. 
They  were  all  experts  in  their  own  lines,  and  their  work  in  time  of 
peace  kept  them  fully  trained  to  perform  their  duties  in  time  of 
war  ;  hence  it  was  one  of  the  most  efficient  corps  in  the  Territorial 
Force.  In  responding.  Col.  Leaf  remarked  that  last  year  they  had 
acquired  a  new  Crossley  engine  and  other  equipment,  including  a 
fine  motor  lorry  capable  of  running  at  8  miles  an  hour,  which  had 
afforded  them  some  highly  interesting  experiences.  Referring  to 
the  popular  tendency  to  depreciate  the  Territorial  Force,  he  urged 
the  corps  to  pay  no  attention  to  what  the  papers  said. 

Col.  R.  E.  B.  Crompton,  C.B.,  before  presenting  the  challenge  cups 
and  prize*  won  during  the  year,  said  the  Territorial  Array  had  been 
abominably  treated  by  the  Press.  The  corps  had  always  been 
efficient,  and  he  regretted  that  the  authorities  failed  to  realise  the 
extremely  important  part  that  electricity  would  play  in  the  next 
war.  Wireless  telegraphy  had  completely  revolutionised  modern 
methods  of  warfare. 

He  then  presented  the  long-service  medal  to  Coy.  Sergt.-Major 
F.  A.  Hill,  the  third  member  of  the  corps  to  obtain  it  through 
service  in  the  corps  alone.  A  medal  was  also  presented  to  Corpl. 
W.  J.  Allen. 

The  Hopkinson  Cup  (for  technical  work)  was  won  by  "  D"  com- 
pany ;  the  Officers'  Cup  (for  drill)  by  "  C  "  company  ;  the  Bam  Cup 
(shooting  [on  open  range)  and  the  Leaf  Cup  (shooting  on  minia- 
ture range)  by»"A"  company;  and  the  Le  Rostignol  Cup  (for 
sports)  by  "  D  "  coinpany. 

The. Rich  Challenge  Cup,  for  shooting  at  500  yards,  was  won  by 
Corpl.  W.  J.  Bardwell,  and  the  Miniature  Cup.  for  the  best  score  in 
the  elementary  course,  by  2nd  Corpl.  C.  H.  Masters.  Spoons  were 
awarded  to  Sergt.  E.  V.  Bowmaker,  Sap.  H.  C.  Redgrave,  and  2nd 
Corpl.  J.  W.  Rodger.  A  large  number  of  prizes  for  sports  were 
also  awarded. 

Capt.  Kenelm  Edgcumbe  proposed  "  The  Visitors,'' and,  humor- 
ously ringing  the  changes  on  the  motto  of  the  corps,  "  Ars  Martis 
Comes,"  which  he  thought  might  be  freely  translated,  "Science 
linked  with  Valour,"  pointed  out  that  they  were  all  linked  together, 
not  only  as  soldiers,  but  also  as  electrical  engineers,  with  the  I.E.E. 
as  their  alum   mafrr. 

Mr.  W.  Duddell,  president  I  E  E ,  in  reply,  said  he  felt  he  was  in 
the  company  of  men  who  were  prepared  to  do  their  duty  in  defend- 
ing their  country — a  duty  never  more  necessary  than  now.  They 
were  all  skilled  men,  and,  as  in  the  event  of  war  there  would  be 
a  great  demand  for  such,  the  electrical  engineers  would  play  a 
very  big  part  in  the  next  great  conflict.  The  maintenance  of 
communications  would  fall  to  their  lot ;  all  kinds  of  artifices  were 
possible  in  effecting  communication  in  the  face  of  great  difficulties, 
and  they  should  know  and  practice  these  in  time  of  peace,  so  as  to 
be  ready  to  cope  with  any  emergency. 

Captain  E.  N.  Bennett  also  responded,  and  said  he  had  never 
before  met  with  a  body  of  Territorials  that  was  exempt  from  public 
criticism  ;  for  one  thing,  no  one  knew  what  they  did,  and  for  another, 
their  work  naturally  ran  on  smooth  lines.  The  lossof  the  battle  of 
Lule  Burgas  was  due  to  the  lack  of  military  science  and  the  absence 
of  means  of  communication  along  the  battle-front ;  this  was 
remedied  at  Chataija  by  the  installation  of  telephones,  etc. 

An  excellent  entertainment  was  provided,  nnder  the  direction  of 
Lieut.  F.  H.  Masters,  who,  as  organising  secretary,  carried  out  all 
the  arrangements  for  the  dinner. 

R.A.r.  Trial  of  an  Electrical  Motor  Delivery  Van. 

— The  Royal  Automobile  Club  has  now  issued  the  certificate  relative 
to  the  week's  trial  under  its  supervision  of  an  electric  motor  delivery 
van  fitted  with  a  battery  of  Edison  nickel-steel  accumulators, 
entered  by  Mr.  F.  J.  Monnot,  of  41,  Great  Portland  Street,  W.  The 
vehicle,  which  had  a  rated  carrying  capacity  of  1,0001b.  (nominally 
10  cwts.),  weighed  29  cwt.  approximately,  including  a  60-cell 
battery.  The  trial  was  held  in  London  from  the  6th  to  the  11th 
January,  or  six  days,  and  the  average  speed-rate  was  1 152  miles  per 
hour.  The  roads  were  "fairly  heavy  and  s^me  rain  fell."  The 
total  mileage  run  was  3123  miles,  which  included  the  distance  run 
between  the  lock-up  and  the  charging  station.  A  total  of  )9r8I 
units  was  used  for  charging  the  battery,  the  aggrfgate  time  taken 
for  the  charging  l)eing  24  hours  30  minute.".  The  level  of  the 
electrolyte  in  some  of  the  cells  was  tested  on  two  occasions  and 
distilled  water  was  added  to  all  the  cells  three  times. 

On  days  Nos.  1,  2,  3  and  4  the  maximum  distance  possible  was 
run  on  the  battery  charge.  The  time  occupied  in  charging  the 
cells  was  6  hours  39  minutes,  first  day  ;  6  hours  27  minutes, 
second  day  ;  3  hours  40  minute*,  third  day  ;  3  hours  6  minutes, 
fourth  day  ;  5  hours  36  minutes,  fifth  day,  and  1  hour  2  minutes, 
sixth  day.  On  the  sixth,  or  last  day,  the  charging  was  repeated 
in  six  ''doses''  of  10  to  13  minute*'  duration  each.     During  theM 


Vol,  78.  No.  1,842,  maboh  14, 1918.]       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


439 


Mhort-p«riod  clmrireH  tho  averatro  amiioroB  ranifcd  from  WV.Vf,  at. 
1I9'8  voUh  to  l.'idH  Hill pH,  and  1 1 1'U  voIIh.  The  loiiifcut  diMtiinca 
hptween  charKinif,  vi/,.,  502  niileH,  whh  covered  on  tho  tliird 
dny  ;  flio  lintfciy  lind  been  previouHly  iliarired  for  one  hour  and 
at  tho  cloHO  of  tho  run  was  again  charged  for  2  hourn  40  ininutea. 

Fatality.-- An  imnicst  was  lield  on  7tli  iiist.  concerning 
tlio  dentil  from  elect rio  nhock,  on  Tith  iiiKt.,  of  Itenjiiinin  Hettridge, 
nged  II,  a  jiony  driver  at  the  Langwith  Colliery.  Mr.  Nelfon, 
electrical  export  to  the  I{omeOflioe,  attended.  According  to  tho  evi- 
dence, docenwcd  wn.s  renting  his  hand  on  a  prop,  ond  ju»t  above  bin 
hand  was  an  electric  Ininp,  which  it  waH  (luitepowHiblc  he  touched,  as 
it  waH  pulled  down  wheii  ho  fell.  The  manager  of  tho  colliery  paid 
that  the  screw  which  held  the  lamp  to  the  prop  was  not  broken  ; 
it  had  been  drawn  out  of  tho  wcod.  Ho  could  only  account  for  the 
deceased  getting  a  chock  if  there  was  a  leak  in  tho  inHulated  cable. 
The  insulation  hud  been  tested  and  found  good.  The  lamp  was 
afterwards  put  in  a  position  similar  to  that  which  it  occupied 
before  it  was  disturbed,  and  it  was  then  found  that  there  was  a 
possibility  of  a  leak  from  the  cable  to  the  casing  of  the  lampholder, 
on  which  there  was  slight  evidence  of  fusion.  That  being  the  case, 
there  was  a  liability  to  shock  to  anybody  who  touched  any  part  of 
the  metal  or  wire.  Anybody  touching  the  lamp  at  fuch  a  time 
would  probably  grip  it  and  got  it  out  of  place.  Mr.  W.  E.  Ross, 
the  underground  electrician,  faid  that  earthing  was  being  generally 
applied  to  the  whole  system.  He  did  not  think  that  there  would  be 
anything  above  110  volts  from  the  lamps,  but  he  was  now  satisfied 
that  the  voltage  was  greater  than  he  believed.  The  manager  said 
that  the  rules  required  that  circuits  of  over  12.">  volts  should  be 
earthed.  Some  of  the  lamps  had  been  unearthed,  but  these  l  ad 
now  been  earthed.  A  verdict  of  "Accidental  death  "  was  returned. 
We  refer  to  this  matter  in  our  leading  columns. 

Senteoee. — For  receiving  about  700  yards  of  stolen 
copper  telephone  wire,  the  property  of  the  Postmaster-General, 
which  had  been  removed  from  poles  near  Paddington,  Henry 
Newman,  a  dealer,  was  sentenced  to  12  months'  hard  labour  at  the 
Central  Criminal  Court  on  Saturday  last. 

Association   of  Electrical    Station    Engineers.— A 

meeting  was  held  at  the  Exeter  Cafe,  Manchester,  on  Friday  last, 
for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  branch  of  the  above  Association. 
Thirty  gentlemen  were  present  at  8  p.m.,  and  Mr.  J.  W.  Lanham 
was  unanimously  voted  into  the  chair.  The  widespread  interest  in 
the  Association  was  evidenced  by  the  presence  of  representatives 
from  neighbouring  towns  such  as  Blackburn,  Wigan,  Oldham, 
Riehdale,  Ashton,  Stalybridge.  &c.  The  proceedings  were  opened 
by  the  reading  of  a  letter  from  the  Hon.  Secretary  (Mr.  Ebben),  in 
which  he  clearly  described  the  history  of  the  Association,  its  objects 
and  aims.  It  was  stated  that  the  object  of  the  meeting  was,  in 
the  first  place,  to  form  a  local  branch  and  then  to  obtain  sugges- 
tions as  to  the  working  of  the  same. 

The  first  question  arising  was  as  to  the  area  included  in  the 
Manchester  district.  After  a  little  discussion  it  was  decided  that 
this  could  be  settled  later  by  the  London  Conference.  Meanwhile 
Manchester  was  to  be  the  centre  of  as  large  a  district  as  possible, 
compatible  with  the  claims  of  other  branches.  It  was  unanimously 
resolved  "That  a  branch  of  the  A.E  S  E.  be  formed  in  the  Man- 
chester district."  Mr.  J.  W.  Thomas,  B  Sc.  Tech.,  was  then  elected 
secretary  for  the  district. 

In  view  of  the  possibility  of  some  members  not  being  able  to 
attend  meetings  on  account  of  their  shifts,  it  was  resolved  that  a 
Committee  of  at  least  12  should  be  elected,  chosen  from  as  many  of 
the  districts  as  were  represented,  and  this  was  done.  A  discussion 
ensued  as  to  the  qualifications  which  should  entitle  an  applicant  to 
become  a  member  of  the  A  E.S.E.  The  following  suggestions  were 
made  for  consideration  in  London  : — Eligible  candidates  should  be — 

(1)  Totally  employed  in  electrical  station  work.  This  includes 
shift  engineers,  assistant  shift  engineers,  switchboard  attendants, 
sub-ptation  attendants,  mains  assistants.  Assistant  sub-station 
attendants  might  also  be  eligible,  provided  that  sufficient  evidence 
was  given  as  to  training  and  ability,  the  Committee  having  the 
power  of  discrimination. 

(2)  Or.  in  entire  and  exclusive  charge  of  private  plant,  and  pro- 
ducing a  guarantee  of  training  and  experience. 

It  was  resolved  that  the  Committee  have  power  to  admit  candi- 
dates with  the  above  considerations  in  view,  emphasis  being  laid  on 
the  desirability  of  either  technical  training,  works  training,  or 
long  experience  in  charge  of  electrical  plant. 

With  reference  to  the  annual  subscription,  it  was  suggested  that, 
though  the  one  proposed  was  very  reasonable,  it  might  be  desirable 
to  adopt  a  graded  subscription  varying  according  to  salary. 

The  question  of  grievances  pertaining  to  particular  districts  was 
commented  on,  but  the  subject  was  postponed  to  fome  future  date, 
as  being  too  big.  It  was,  however,  pointed  out  that  the  organisa- 
tion was  something  more  than  a  trade  union,  its  main  object  being 
to  raise  the  status  of  the  profession. 

As  to  the  accomplishment  of  the  latter  object,  it  was  suggested 
that  meetings  of  a  social  and  educative  character  should  be  held, 
including  meetings  for  discussion,  papers,  kc,  on  subjects  calculated 
to  interest  the  members.  These  meetings  might  be  held  in  other 
towns  in  the  district  besides  Manchester. 

All  the  gentlemen  present  who  were  hot  already  applicants  for 
membership  promised  to  become  so,  and  the  meeting  unanimously 
volunteered  to  persuade  others  of  their  acquaintance  to  join  and  to 
make  the  Association  as  widely  known  as  possible. 

Votes  of  thanks  were  accorded  to  the  chairman  and  secretary  for 
their  services,  and  to  the  hon.  sec,  Mr.  Ebben,  for  his  pioneer  work 
in  the  inaugnration  of  the  Association,  and  the  meetinf^  closed. 


Annual    DinnerH  and    NocialR.  —  Ckoydo.v.  —  The 

annual  Htnir  dinner  of  tho  Croydon  Corporation  KU-ctricity  Worki 
wa«  hold  on  Saturday  evening,  tho  chief  engini:<r  (Mr.  A.  C. 
(Jramb)  in  tho  chair.  Tho  company,  which  gathered  at  the 
"(Iroyhoufid  "  Hotel,  included  tho  Mayor  (Coiin-.illor  H.  R/igcni). 
Aid.  T.  Bittoridge,  Aid.  T.  Hillier,  (JouncillorH  H.  W.  Uraney. 
W.  n.  Robart;<,  K.  Denning.  W.  Peot.  .1.  A.  Clarke  and  H.  T. 
Muggoridife,  and  Mr.  T.  IJ.  Ooodycr  fireneral  manager  of  the  tram- 
wayK).  There  were  Hpccial  electrical  decoration",  and  a  gwx)  muHical 
programme.  Aid,  1),  B.  Miller  (chairman  of  the  Electricity  (;om- 
mittee),  who  is  abroad,  sent  a  cor<lial  meHHage  of  gf)odwill.  and  the 
members  of  tho  htaff  on  duty  forwarded  congratulatiorn  to  their 
more  fortunote  colleagues.  The  chairman,  propf.Hing  '  The  Cor- 
poration of  Croydon,"  paid  the  aim  of  the  department  wbh  to  give 
the  public  the  best  article  at  the  lowest  price.  The  Mayor  reply- 
ing, complimented  Mr.  Cramb  on  his  good  manat/ement.  and  the 
excellent  feeling  prevailing  among  the  staff,  the  men  being  com- 
fortable in  their  (iiiployment  and  satisfied  with  their  wages. 
Councillor  Denning,  submitting  "  The  Chairman  and  Membera  of 
the  Committee,"  rf  marked — an  chairman  of  the  Tramways  fJom- 
mittee— that  his  only  complaint  was  that  they  wanted  so  much  profit 
out  of  the  current  fold  for  the  tramway  service.  Councillor  L'raney 
replifd.  The  chairman,  also  responding  to  the  toast,  reminded  the 
chairman  of  the  Tramways  Committee  that  his  department  had  not 
had  the  difficulty  of  getting  over  the  tight  situation  caused  by  the 
coal  strike  ;  nor  had  he  to  face  a  40  per  cent,  increase  in  the  price 
of  coal.  Mr.  Cramb  added  that  after  nine  years'  work  every 
department  was  just  as  he  could  desire. 

Perth.  —  The  employes  of  the  Perth  Corporation  Tramway 
Department  held  their  annual  social  and  dance  last  Friday  night, 
when  Councillor  Moncrietf.  convener,  who  presided,  addressed  the 
men.     Bonuses  to  conductors  and  drivers  were  presenttd. 

London. — The  annual  dinner  of  the  staff  of  the  Osram  and 
Robertson  Lamp  Works  will  be  held  at  the  Clarendon  Restaurant, 
"Coronation  Hall."  on  Friday  evening,  March  2Slh. 

Appointments  Vacant.— Chief  engineer  and  manager 
(£700).  and  consumers' engineer  (£300),  for  the  Hampstead  Borough 
Council  ;  electrical  engineer,  for  Heywood  Corporation  (£200)  ; 
traflSc  superintendent,  for  the  Aberdare  U.D.C,  Tramways  (£17.5)  ; 
installation  engineer  and  canvasser,  for  the  Tynemouth  Corporation 
electricity  works  (£100  and  commission);  assistant  electrical 
engineer,  for  the  electric  light  department  of  Selangor,  Malay 
States  (£360).     See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

Strike. — According  to  the  Df/ili/  Teleyraph,  the  electrical 
ti-ade  workers  of  the  district  of  Southampton  have  made  common 
cause  with  the  engineers  and  others  who  are  on  strike  there. 

life  Tarjrets. — Last  week,  at  the  invitation  of  the 
directors  of  "Life  Targets,"  we  inspected  the  remarkable  device 
which  has  been  developed  by  the  company  for  target  practice  with 
the  rifle.  A  moving  picture  is  thrown  on  a  screen,  showing  suitable 
objects  in  motion,  such  as  birds,  animals,  soldiers,  i:c.  ;  on  firing  at 
the  target,  the  bioscope  is  instantly  stopped  and  the  bullet-hole, 
shown  by  a  bright  spot  of  light,  remains  visible  for  a  few  seconds, 
after  which  the  hole  disappears  and  the  motion  of  the  picture  is 
resumed.  The  electrical  arrangements,  which  involve  the  use  of 
the  "K.K."  detector,  are  most  ingenious,  and  so  are  the  other 
details  of  the  system,  which  we  will  describe  fully  at  an  early  date. 
The  pport  obtained  with  this  target  is  exciting,  and  splendid 
practice  for  snap  shooting. 

Institution     and     Lecture     Notes.  —  Production 

Managers'  Association. — This  new  Association  will  hold  its 
inaugural  dinner  (morning  dress)  at  the  Holtioru  Restaurant  on 
April  8th,  the  subject  being  "Labour  Problems,"  which  will  be 
dealt  with  by  experts  in  various  phases  of  the  problem  of  labour. 
Tickets  48.  each.  The  secretary  is  Mr.  Charles  F.  Warren,  Guest 
House,  Leys  Avenue,  Letchworth,  from  whom  further  particulars 
can  be  obtained. 

Institute  of  Marine  Engineebs. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Insti- 
tute, held  on  Monday,  March  3rd,  a  paper  on  "Recent  Experiences 
with  Babcock  &  Wilcox  Boilers  for  Marine  Purposes  "  was  read  by  Mr. 
J.  H.  Rosenthal  (member). 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Scottish  Local 
Section) — The  Committee's  nominations  for  office-bearers  for 
Session  1913-14  are  as  follows  : — 

Chairman — J.  A.  Robertson. 

Vice-Chairmen — James  Lowson  and  T.  Blackwood  Murray. 

Committee— David  A.  Starr.  J.  K.  Stothert,  J.  F.  Neilson,  Wilfred 
L.  Spence,  M.  B.  Field,  J.  H.  Bunting.  J.  S.  Mc/iohon.  E.  T.  Godin. 
George  Stevenson. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer — James  E.  Sayers. 

Assistant  Hon.  Secretary — Wm.  F.  Mitchell. 

Manchester  Section. — A  meeting  of  the  Section  was  held  on 
Tuesday  evening,  when  a  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Fadley  on 
"Power  Supply  on  the  Rand."  An  interesting  discussion  followed, 
to  which  the  author  replied. 

yoRKSHiRE  Section. — A  paper  was  read  at  Leeds  University 
on  Wednesday  by  Mr.  Thomas  Roles  on  "Electric  Cooking  and 
Heating."     A  discussion  followed. 

The  Association  of  Engineers-in-Chaege. — At  the  invitation 
of  the  Social  Committee  of  the  Association  of  Engineeis-in-Charge, 
over  200  members  of  the  Association  and  their  friends  attended  a 
dance  held  in  the  Holborn  Hall,  Gray's  Inn  Road.  A  programme 
of  15  dances  was  arranged,  and,  owing  to  the  very  excellent 
manner  in  which  Messrs.  W.  H.  Ball  and  M.  C.  White  (M.C.s) 
ofSoiated,  it  was  found  possible  to  get  through  the  whole  of 
these,  together  with   five  extras.     Dr.   H.  8.   Hele-Sha'w,   F.B.6., 


440 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,842,  Maboh  14,  1913. 


president  of  the  Asoociation,  was  present,  and  was  ably  supported 
by  "Sir.  }l.  E.  N»ale  (chairnian  of  the  Afsoo.iation")  and  the  memhprs 
of  the  Committee.  Mr.  Ilnrdy's  Bijon  Orchestra  was  in  aHendance. 
The  F.ar.\day  So<^iktv. — A  joint  meeting  of  the  Faraday 
Society  and  the  L-w^al  .~^i^tion  of  the  Society  of  Chemical  Industry 
will  be  held  at  Manchester  on  Friday  eveninp.  April  4th.  The 
proceediners  will  take  the  form  of  a  general  diecassion  on  ''  The 
Corrosion  of  Iron  and  Steel." 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

Jkf  Editort  inviff  electrical  engiiicern,  whether  connected  with  the 
technical  or  the  commercial  miie  of  the  profession  and  indvstry, 
alffl  electric  tramway  and  railway  ofKciah,  to  keep  readert  of  the 
ElkctbICAL  Review  pointed  as  to  their  movemerUs.\ 


Central   Station  Officials.— The  Watford  U.D.C.  has 

increased  the  salary  cf  Mr.  A.  W.  Bakh.\m,  chief  assistant,  from 
£1+4)  to  £l.")."i  per  annum,  with  annual  increments  of  £1.")  up  to  a 
maximum  of  t2iiOper  annum. 

The  salaries  of  Mk.  .1.  Ai.i.ward,  station  superintendent,  and 
Mr.  T.  a.  J.  Maroaby,  mains  superintendent,  have  be^-n  increased 
by  the  Islington  B.C.  from  £200  to  £225  each  per  annum. 
Increases  have  also  been  priven  to  two  shift  engineers,  two  mains 
engineers,  a  repair  engineer,  three  junior  engineers  and  a 
draughtsman, 

Mb.  a.  E.  Tcrpin,  senior  charge  engineer.  Weymouth  Corporation 
Electricity  Works,  has  been  appointed  assistant  foreman  electrical 
engineer  to  the  Indian  Government  at  Cossipore,  and  sails  on 
March  15th.  Mr.  Turpin  has  been  at  Weymouth  for  the  past  seven 
yeats. 

Mb.  W.  H.  Woods,  of  Durham,  has  been  appointed  shift  engineer 
at  the  Stuart  Street  generating  station,  Manchester,  at  £175  per 
annum. 

The  salary  of  the  Bermondsey  B  C.  electrical  engineer.  Mr.W.  E.  J. 
Heknas.  has  been  increased  from  £.">25  to  £ii25  a  year,  by  two 
annual  increments  of  £S0  each,  and  that  of  Mr.  J.  G.  DORAX.  chief 
assistant  engineer,  from  £250  to  £300  per  annum,  by  two  annual 
advances  of  £25  each. 

Mb.  S.  T.  Allen,  of  Carlisle,  has  been  appointed  electrical 
engineer  to  the  Wolverhampton  Corporation,  in  succession  to  Mb. 
C.  E.  C.  Shawkielo,  resigned.     The  salary  commences  at  £G00. 

The  Wolverhampton  Corp-iration  Electricity  Committee  has 
decided  to  increase  the  salaries  of  the  members  of  the  technical 
s  aflf  as  from  October  1st  last,  as  follows  :— Me.  STiniss,  technical 
and  geniral  assistant,  £160  to  £200  per  annum  :  Mr.  Bellhocse, 
boiler  house  snp'>rintendent,  £125  to  £150  ;  Mr  Fobder.  engine- 
room  superintendent.  £120  to  £150:  and  Me.  Platt.  junior 
as<i<'tant.  £85  to  £104. 

Mb.  a.  Prentice,  of  the  Central  London  Railway  Power  House, 
Shepherd's  Bush,  London,  has  been  engaged  by  the  Walsall 
Corporation  Electricity  Committee  as  station  superintendent,  in 
place  of  Mr.  T.  .1.  Archer,  resigned,  for  a  period  of  one  calendar 
month  (to  be  extended  to  two  months  should  the  Electricity  Com- 
mittee so  desire'),  at  a  salary  of  <h  per  week,  together  with  railway 
fare  to  and  from  London  :  and  subject  to  mutual  satisfaction  at 
the  end  of  that  period,  and  to  his  references  being  satisfactory, 
Mr.  Prentice  is  to  be  then  permanently  engaged  at  a  salary  of  £200 
per  annum,  removal  expenses  not  exceeding  £10  being  allowed. 

The  Hackney  Electricity  Committee  recommends  that  owing  to 
increased  responsibilities,  the  designation  of  JIr.  T.  DALriY,  works 
superintendent,  be  altered  to  "  works  and  sub-stations  superin- 
tendent, '  and  the  salary  advanced  from  £200  to  £30(i  by  annual 
increments  of  £12  Ins.  Mr.  E.  Matthews,  testing  engineer,  is  to 
advance  from  £130  to  £180  by  annual  increments  of  £10.  Mb.  E. 
Wilkinson,  generating  engineer,  is  also  to  be  advanced. 

We  understand  that  Mb.  H.  H.  CorzENS  has  resigned  his  position 
as  engineer  and  manager  of  the  Hampstead  Corporation  electric 
supply  department,  in  order  to  take  np  a  good  appointment  abroad. 
His  re-ignation  was  put  before  the  Committee  last  Monday,  and 
accepted. 

Tramway  Officials.-  The  I'.ury  T.C.  lias  decided  to 
increase  the  salary  of  the  tramways  manager.  Mb.  CLorciH,  by 
£50  per  annum,  with  a  further  increase  of  £50  at  the  end  of  12 
months. 

The  Keighley  Tramways  Committee  has  appointed  Mr.  H.\rrv 
Wehbeb,  borough  electrical  engineer,  as  tramways  manager,  as 
from  October  15th  last,  at  a  salary  of  £100  per  annum. 

General. — The    Timea   states  that  Mr.  Hkxrv    "Wol- 

hEXDEN  has  resigned  his  position  as  director  and  chairman  of  the 
Edison  &  Swan  United  Electric  Light  Co.,  and  the  vacancy  has 
been  filled  by  the  <lfotion  of  Mu.  C.  J.  FORD,  of  Messrs.  Ford, 
Rhodes  it  Ford,  as  a  director  and  chairman. 

Mr.  Walter  .1.  Cuiikje,  who  has  rei)re8ented  Messrs. 
Ferranti,  Limited,  in  the  Birmingham  District,  has  severed  his 
connection  with  that  firm  in  order  to  join  the  A  E.G.  Electric  Co., 
Ltd..  as  an  nigineer  representative  in  the  same  district. 

Mb.  E.  C.  TiniN  has  severed  his  conne'tion  with  Messrs.  J.  .1. 
Smith  A;  Co..  electrical  fittings  manufacturers,  of  44,  Kirby  Street, 
Hatton  Garden.  EC ,  having  resigned  the  managership  of  the 
above  works,  which  he  has  held  since  they  were  first  started  in 
1910. 
•  Mb.  F.  Cloi  (jh.  who.  out  of  300  applicants,  has  been  appointed 
chief  assistant  electrical  engineer  to  the  Essex  County  Council,  for 
its  large  new  asylum  at  Colchester,  served  his  apprenticeship  in  the 


Bradford  Corporation  Electricity  Department  prior  to  taking  up 
the  post  of  electrical  engineer  to  the  Worcester  County  Council,  at 
the  Barnsley  Hall  Asylum,  Bromsgrove. 

Ohitaarr. — "We  recrret  to  learn  of  the  death,  which 
occurred  on  Monday,  10th  inst,  of  Mb.  Andrew  Livix(;stoxe 
Lixo,  A.I.EE.,  who  was  until  recently  managing  director  of 
Messrs.  Lind  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Liverpool. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Windsor   Electrical  Installation  Co,.  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  that  the  capital  expenditure  during  1912 
amounted  to  £2.44S,  making  the  total  £92.798.  The  additional 
expenditure  chiefly  represents  the  installation  of  a  second  Diesel 
oil  engine  of  135  kw.  capacity.  The  profit  (including  £593  l)rought 
forward)  is  £0.823.  Debenture  interest  absorbs  £8(t9.  dividend 
on  5  per  cent,  preference  shares  £1,108,  depreciation,  renewals  and 
reserve  fund  £1,750,  and  directors'  fees  £350.  The  directors 
recommend  that  a  dividend  of  5  per  cent.,  less  income-tax,' he  paid 
on  the  ordinary  shares, leaving  £451  to  becarried  forward.  During 
the  year  new  lamps  were  connected  equivalent  to  1,021  of  8-c.P.  ; 
the  total  connected  to  December  3l8t,  1912,  Ving  51,076  lamps. 
The  annual  meeting  takes  place  on  March  19th. 


Newcastle-opon-Tyne  Electric  Supply  Co.,   Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  states  that  the  connections  to  the  company's 
system  at  the  end  of  1912  amounted  to  174  327  Hi'.,  an  increase 
of  22,700  HP.  for  the  year.  The  profit  is  £120.989,  as  compared  with 
£H4,S39,  plus  £4,008  brought  forward,  making  £125.597  as  com- 
pared with  £116,889.  Against  this  has  been  charged  interest  on 
debenture  stock,  loans,  kc,  £35,078,  leaving  £90  518,  as  compared 
with  £84,921.  The  directors  recommend  a  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  for 
the  year  on  the  preference  shares,  absorbing  £34,375,  a  dividend 
of  5  per  cent,  for  the  year  on  the  ordinary  shares  (as  against  4§  per 
cent,  for  1911)  (of  this  an  interim  dividend  of  2  per  cent,  was  paid 
in  July  last),  £34,375,  the  transfer  to  depreciation  account  of 
£15,000,  carrying  forward  £6,768.  From  the  reserve  account  have 
been  deducted  the  charges  in  completing  the  conversion  of 
debentures  into  debenture  stock  and  the  issue  of  new  debenture 
stock  to  replace  debentures  paid  off  £4.644,  leaving  it  at  £10.405. 
The  depreciation  account  has  been  increaoed  by  the  transfer  of 
£15,000,  making  it  £145,000.  From  this  there  has  been  transferred 
£26,10(1  which  has  been  utilised  in  writing  down  certain  items  of 
plant  and  store?  (in  addition  to  the  sums  of  £150  000  and  £2,500 
previously  shown  as  having  been  written  off)  leaving  the  amount 
of  the  unappropriated  depreciation  account  at  £118,900.  The  j 
expenditure  on  capital  account  for  the  year  amounted  to  £167,082. 
This  has  been  incurred  mainly  in  extending  the  distributipn  system 
of  the  company  in  both  the  northern  and  southern  areas.  Agree- 
ments for  the  supply  of  electrical  energy  have  been  entered  into 
during  the  year,  with  important  customers,  including  several  large 
colliery  companies.  The  Bankfoot  Power  Co.'s  new  waste  heat 
station  at  Bowden  Close,  and  the  extensions  to  that  company's 
station  at  Bankfoot,  have'  been  completed  and  brought  into  opera- 
tion. The  disorganisation  caused  by  the  national  coal  strike  in  the 
early  part  of  the  year  added  largely  to  the  working  costs  of  the 
company.  It  is  gratifying  testate  that  throughout  the  period 
affected  by  the  strike  the  company  was  able  to  fully  satisfy  the 
requirements  of  all  its  customers.  A  resolution  will  be  submitted  for 
the  approval  of  the  general  meeting  on  March  19  th  asking  the 
shareholders  to  increase  the  directors'  remuneration  to  £1,500 
a  year. 


W.  T.  filover  k  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  1912  shows  that  the'result  of  the 
trading  is  a  credit  balance  of  £38,469,  plus  £4,767  brought  for- 
ward. There  has  to  be  deducted  directors'  remuneration,  voted 
March,  1912,  £1,000  ;  directors' expenses  during  1912,  £41  ;  interest 
at  IJ  per  cent,  on  first  mortgage  debenture  stock,  £4,250  ;  interest 
at  5  percent,  on  second  mortgage  debenture  stock,  £3,800  ;  written 
off  investments.  £1,500  =  £10.591;  leaving  £32,645  less  appro- 
priation for  payment  to  trustees  of  second  mortgage  debenture 
stock,  £4,000.  The  balance  of  £28,645  is  to  be  dealt  with,  thus  :  — 
Dividend  on  5  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  shares  (£100,000)  to 
December  Slst,  1912,  less  income-tax,  £4,708;  transfer  to  first 
mortgage  debenture  redemption  fund,  £2,500  ;  dividend  on  ordinary 
shares  (£114.850)at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  less  income-tax,  £5,407  ; 
bonus  on  ordinary  shares,  at  the  rate  of  2  J  per  cent.,  less  income- 
tax,  £2,704  ;  transfer  to  reserve  fund,  £5,000  ;  leaving  to  be 
carried  forward  £8,326.  The  directors  recommend  the  payment  of 
the  dividend  on  the  5  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  shares  for  the 
year,  and  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent.'  and  a  bonus  at  the 
rate  of  2i  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the  same  period. 
After  making  the  above  appropriations,  the  redemption  fond  for 
the  first  mortgage  debenture  stork  will  stand  at  £33,000,  the 
redemption  fund  for  the  second  mortgage  debenture  stock  at 
£21,000,  and  the  reserve  fund  at  £20,000.  The  loan  to  the  Trafford 
Power  and  Light  Supply  (1902),  Ltd.,  having  reached  £25,000,  a 
second  debenture  for  that  amount  has  been  accepted  in  discharge 
thereof,  and  this  item  is  now  merged  into  the  item  of  investmente — 
£97,521.  *!i    . 

The  meeting  is  called  for  March  17th. 


Vol.73.   No.  i,8iL>.MAmnM,i9n.i       THE    ELECTRICAL    RKVTKW. 


tn 


British    Fiiirine,    Itoiirr    and    Khcfrica]    lii.siirancc 
Co..  Ltd. 

Wk  aro  informed  that  at  tho  anniml  meotinjr,  held  at  the  head 
ollice  in  Mani;hot<tor,  on  Maroh  7th,  tho  chairman  (>fr.  It.  ('.  Lnn(r- 
ridpc)  mentione<i  that  in  tho  (;ourHo  of  tho  pant  yoar  tho  Royal 
Insurance  Oo..  Ltd.,  had  Bc<|nirod  a  controlling'  induonco'by  the 
purchase  of  Bharo»,  and,  in  con8c<|Uonco  of  udvancinir  yearn,  his- 
father,  the  firHt  chairman  of  the  company,  liad  taken  thiH  oppor- 
tunity for  ro«itrniii(f  his  poHition  on  tho  board.  Mr.  Mohh,  also,  who 
had  been  socrotary  almost  from  the  commencement  of  the  company, 
was  retirinir  from  that  position,  and  his  place  would  bo  taken  by 
Mr.  II.  F.  Taylor,  who  had  for  many  years  represented  tho  company 
in  (ilasprow,  but  these  changes  involved  no  alterations  in  the  opera- 
tions of  the  company,  and  had  in  no  way  interfered  with  its 
profrress,  as  mijifht  be  seen  from  the  figure.'*  in  the  balance-sheet. 
Claims  showed  a  considerable  increase  as  compared  with  I'.lll,  and 
this  was  cliiptly  amoTijj  steam  engines,  possibly  because  trade 
was  so  pood  that  enpines  were  overburdened,  but  that  explanation 
would  not  account  for  the  fact  that,  in  spite  of  a  prreat  increase  in 
the  number  of  electrical  machines  insured,  the  claims  in  that 
department  had  not  increased.  He  ventured  to  hope  that  this 
improvement  was  due  to  the  educational  advantages  derived  from 
the  repeated  visitsof  the  company's  inspectors,  when  they  explained 
to  attendants— many  of  whom  knew  little  or  nothing  about  elec- 
tricity what  should  be  done  to  keep  machines  in  good  working 
order.  While  the  amount  to  be  paid  for  claims  was  about  the 
same,  the  ratio'  of  breakdowns  also  remained  nearly  constant, 
namely,  one  out  of  every  nine  machines  insured.  There  had 
been  a  considerable  diminution  in  claims  for  boilers,  and  the 
general  results  spoke  well  for  the  efficiency  with  which  the  work 
of  inspection  had  been  carried  out.  It  was  resolved  to  pay  a 
dividend  of  5s.  per  share,  with  a  bonus  of  3s.,  and  after  re-election 
of  directors  and  auditors,  the  meeting  ended. 


Direct  Spanish  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  that  for  the  year  1912,  after  providing  for 
interest  on  and  redemption  of  debentures,  and  for  the  dividend  (10  per 
cent.)  on  the  pref.  shares,  there  is  a  balanceof  £U,1S4,  outof  which 
the  directors  recommend  a  final  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  of 
28.  per  sharp,  free  of  income-tax,  which,  with  the  interim  dividend 
paid  on  October  Ist  last,  will  make  a  total  distribution  of  4  percent, 
for  the  year,  and  absorb  a  sum  of  £2,586.  In  consequence  of  the 
entire  absence  of  breaks  on  the  company's  cables  during'  the  year 
1912,  it  has  been  possible  to  strengthen  the  reserve  fund  out  of 
revenue  by  £11,000,  which  is  satisfactory  in  view  of  the 
exceptionally  large  expenditure  of  £33, COO  on  the  Bilbao  cable  in 
1911.  After  crediting  the  reserve  fund  with  £11,000,  the  balance 
of  £548  is  carried  forward.  The  traffic  receipts  show  an  increase 
of  £2,98."),  and  the  working  expenses  an  increase  of  £1,080.  The 
company's  cables  and  the  landlines  in  connection  with  them  have 
continued  in  good  working  order  throughout  the  year. 
The  meeting  is  called  for  March  17th. 


Mauila  Electric  Railroad  aud  Lightins:  Corporation. 

■  — The  Municipal  and  General  Securities  Co..  Ltd.  (European  agents), 
announce  that  a  dividend  of  Ij  per  cent.  ('SI. 75  per  share)  for  the 
quarter  ending  March  :Ust,  has  been  declared  onthecommon  capital 
stock  of  the  above  Corporation,  payable  in  New  York  on  April  1st. 

Continental.  —  Greeck. —  La  Compagnie  Hellenique 
d'Electricite  Systeme  Thomaon-Houeton,  of  Athens,  is  declaring  a 
dividend  of  5  per  cent,  for  the  last  financial  .vear,  the  same  as  for 
the  preceding  12  months. 

Canada. — The  Halifax  (N.S.)  Tramway  Co.  in  tbeir 
annual  report  show  a  surplus  of  .$704, 119,  an  increase  of  S101,834 
over  1911. 

Electrical  Distribution  of  Yorkshire,  Ltd. — At  the 

annual  meeting  at  Leeds  on  25th  ult..  the  chairman,  Mr.  R.  W. 
Wickham.  congratulated  the  shareholders  on  the  steady  and  satis- 
factory progress  that  was  being  made.  During  the  year  there  had 
been  a  steady  growth  in  the  demand  for  electrical  energy,  and  a 
large  number  of  consumers  had  been  added  in  the  10  districts  in 
which  the  company  was  now  giving  a  supply.  The  company  was 
the  holder  of  14  electric  lighting  orders  for  districts  in  the 
West  Riding.  The  profits  had  increased  from  £37  in  190^  to 
£2,166  last  year.  A  dividend  of  6  per  cent,  on  ordinary  shares  was 
adopted.  Subsequently,  the  chairman  moved  that  the  capital  of 
the  company  be  increased  to  £50,000  by  the  creation  of  25,000  new 
shares  of  £  1  each.     This  was  carried. 

Manorhaniilton   and    District  Electric    Lig;ht  Co., 

Ltd. — The  annual  meeting  was  held  at  Manorhamilton  recently, 
Mr.  A.  A.  Alges  presiding.  The  annual  report  showed  that  the 
company  was  in  good  standing,  and  it  was  adopted. 

Stock    E.vchange    Kotice.  —  Application     has    been 

made  to  the  Committee  to  appoint  a  special  settling  day  in  Ceara 
Tramwav.  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd. — 86.007  ordinary  shares  of 
£1  each,"fully  paid  (Xos.  200,001  to  285,007) :  and  125,000  5  per 
oent.  first  debentiire  stock. 


.South  London  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd. 

Till-:  diroctiirH'  report  for  thi'yi'ar  I'.tl^HhowM  that  the  trroxn  rcciipt* 
were  *M.S,I23,  while  oxpondltunt  wbh  i:20.H.',!»,  l<-nving  a  profit 
Vialanco  of  £27, .It'll, pIiiH  £'.iim  brought  forward.  ThTe  Ih  a  U,ta,\ 
amount  available  of  i;2H,|72,  and  after  providing  for  d<>prcctation 
on  plant  and  machinery  (£fi,000),  debi-nttire  and  other  lnt«reiit 
accrued,  Kc,  £i:{,'2H9,  there  rcmaiuH  i;I.".,|m3.  Out  of  thl»  the 
board  recommend  the  payment  of  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  .'/J  per 
cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary  sharcH.  amounting  to  £11,300, 
carrying  forward  £hh3.  At  the  end  of  i:p12  there  wore  connectwl 
to  the  company's  mains  the  equivalent  of  27:i.30t;  Cir.-watt)  lamps, 
showing  a  net  increase  for  the  year  of  22,."i'<."i.  At  tho  present  time  ^ 
there  are  2H.",,3«k  (:(,',- watt)  lamps  (equivalent)  connected,  in  a<ldition 
to  which  applicaMons  are  in  hand  for  a  further  \'^,^^^t|  lamps.  The 
plant,  machinery  and  mains  have  been  roaintainocl  out  of  revenue 
in  a  high  state  of  efficiency.  The  units  sold  amount  to  5,000,1  I  h,  an 
increase  of  52o,t;:tl  or  1  111  per  cent,  the  total  cont  p<;r  unit  sold 
being  lOOd.,  as  against  luSd.  in  1911.  The  ratio  of  total  costs  to 
revenue  has  been  maintained  at  13  per  cent. 


Units  generated  

Sold  to  contumers  nnd  uiied  by  public  arc  lamps 

I  iBed  on  works  . .  

Total         

Expended  in  diBtribution 

Total  kilowatts  connected    , .  

The  annaal  meeting  ia  called  for  March  18  tb. 


6,817.97.^ 
6,ono.UM 

.';..T76,l.'« 
on  H«3 

9,eoo 


British  Insulated  and  Helshy  Cables,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  1912  shows  a  profit  of  £218.395, 
plus  £63,651  brought  forward,  making  £2.'<2  046  ;  from  this  have 
to  be  deducted  directors'  and  debenture  trustees'  fees  and  remunera- 
tion to  Works  Committee,  £5.315  ;  interest  on  first  debenture  stock, 
£22,.'J0O  ;  interest  on  second  debenture  stock,  £10,000  ;  depreciation 
on  buildings,  plant,  machinery,  Kc,  £20.000  ;  transfer  to  reserve 
account,  £20,000 ;  transfer  to  special  reserve  account.  £8,500  : 
transfer  to  first  mortgage  debenture  stock  redemption  account, 
£5,000;  written  off  patents  and  goodwill,  £36,.")00  ;  dividend  on 
preference  shares  for  the  year.  £30,000 ;  interim  dividend  on 
ordinary  shares  to  June  30th,  1912,  £20,000 — leaving  available  for 
dividend  £104,231.  The  directors  recommend  a  further  dividend  of 
6s.  per  share  on  the  ordinary  shares,  making,  with  the  interim  divi- 
dend already  paid,  a  total  of  10  per  cent,  for  the  year,  £30.000, 
carrying  forward  £74,231.  The  directors  are  pleased  to  report  that 
there  has  again  been  an  increased  turnover  during  the  year,  which 
has  resulted  in  an  additional  profit  being  earned  of  £30.136  over  the 
previous  year.  £8,500  has  been  transferred  to  special  reserve 
account,  a  further  £5,000  tofirst  mortgage  debenture  stock  redemp- 
tion account,  £20,000  to  reserve  account,  and  £20,000  applied  to 
depreciation  on  building.",  plant  and  machinery.  In  addition, 
£36,500  has  been  written  off  patents  and  goodwill.  This  account, 
which  originally  stood  at  £251,672,  has  now  been  reduced  to 
£35,000.  After  deducting  the  aforementioned  sums,  the  balance 
to  be  carried  forward  is  £74  231.  The  sale  of  the  Liverpool  works 
to  the  Automatic  Telephone  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  referred  to  in 
last  year's  report,  has  been  completed. 

The  annual  meeting  is  called  for  March  17th. 


Giant's  Causeway.  Portrush  and  Bush  Valley 
Railway  and  Trannvay  Co.— Dr.  Anthony  Traill.  D.L  .  presided 
at  the  annual  meeting  held  recently  at  Portrush.  The  directors 
reported  that  the  financial  position  of  the  company  had  been  well 
maintained  during  the  past  year.  The  receipts  amounted  to 
£3,908,  which,  considering  the  extremely  wet  summer  of  1912, 
must  be  considered  satisfactory.  The  number  of  passengers  fell 
from  136,395  in  1911  to  135,612  in  1912,  and  the  receipts  from 
£4,107  in  1911  to  £3,908  in  1912.  The  expenditure  last  year  was 
somewhat  higher  than  in  the  previous  year,  and  consequently  the 
net  profits  were  £1,222  for  1912.  as  compared  to  £1,546  for 
1911.  These  profits  were  sufiicient  to  pay  the  debenture  interest, 
£612:  the  interest  on  the  mortgage  for  the  construction  of  the 
extension  to  the  Giant's  Causeway,  £400  :  interest  on  temporary 
loans  and  bank  interest  £69  •,  leaving  a  credit  balance  of  £308. 
which  it  was  recommended  to  be  carried  forward.  While  the  wet 
summer  of  1912  gave  sufficient  water  to  drive  the  full  complement 
of  electric  cars,  the  same  cause  reduced  the  number  of  tourists 
travellicg,  with  a  conse(|uent  reduction  in  the  receipts.  The 
engineer  reported  that  the  number  of  miles  run  by  electricity  was 
34.932.  an  increase  of  1,525  over  that  of  1911,  worked  at  a  cost  of 
3Jd.  per  mile  run.  The  number  of  miles  run  by  steam  power  was 
3,922  worked  at  a  cost  of  2s.  per  mile  ron. 

Mid-Su.sse.\  Electric  Lij>ht  and  Power  Co..   Ltd. — 

Mr.  T.  Caffyn  presided  last  week  at  the  first  statutory  general 
meeting  of  this  company. 

Melton    Mowbray  Electric    Light    Co..    Ltd.— The 

annual  meeting  was  held  on  7th  inst.,  5fr.  W.  J.  Xew  presiding. 
The  directors  reported  that  satisfactory  progress  had  been  made 
during  the  year,  the  total  number  of  consumers  being  i!  13.  The 
revenue  for  the  year,  including  £242  brought  forward,  amounted 
to  £2,761,  and  after  providing  £1,000  for  debenture  interest,  there 
remained  £1,761  for  distribution.  They  recommended  a  dividend 
at  the  rate  of  3  per  cent,  per  annum,  that  £750  be  placed  to  the 
reserve  fund,  and  £411  carried  forward. 


4-12 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.  72.  No.  i.sw,  maech  u,  1913. 


Hove  Electric  Ughtine  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors,  in  their  report  for   1912,  give  the  following  progress 
table:  — 

Equivalent 

Id  Her.  Units  OroBS  Net 

Yeiir.       Housr8.          lamps.  sold.  revenue.  revenue. 

1908  l.OTfi      114.135  1,1»4,994  £24,695  £l!),4n3 

1909  1.8a0      133  946  1,19-2.5' H  26.205  13,981 

1910  1,949      1-J9,317  1,178  165  25  991  16.400 

1911  2,123      138,200  1,139.328  21,840  14.457 
1913     3,376      141,919  1,169,003  25,320  14,630 

With  the  addition  of  the  balance  £637  brought  forward  and  bank 
interes^  the  amount  to  the  credit  of  net  revenue  account  is  £1,5,283, 
from  which  must  be  deducted  the  dividend  on  the  preference  shares 
paid  September  Ist.  i;il2  (£.'>88),  the  interim  dividend  on  the  ordi- 
nary pbares  at  the  rate  of  8  per  cent,  per  annum  (£2.S2">).  a 
provision  for  debenture  interest  accrued  and  income-tax.  leaving 
£9.283  now  available.  The  directors  propose  to  place  £l,."iOOto  the 
renewals  and  depreciation  account  and  £3,000  to  the  sinking  fund, 
to  set  aside  £588  for  preference  dividend  accrued  to" December  3l8t 
last,  and  to  declare  a  final  dividend  for  the  six  months  on  the  ordi- 
nary shares  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent,  per  annum,  making  9  per 
cent,  for  the  year.  The  amount  carried  forward,  after  providing 
for  the  directors'  extra  remuneration  of  £3\Fi,  is  £3-18.  The 
renewals  and  depreciation  account,  with  the  above  addition,  will 
now  stand  at  £27,104.  The  sinking  fund  account,  with  the  above 
addition  of  £3,000,  and  £2,016  received  by  way  of  dividends  on 
investments,  will  now  amount  to  £48,530.  The  expenditure  during 
the  year  on  capital  account  has  amounted  to  £1,301,  and  the 
machinery,  buildings  and  mains  of  the  company  have  been  kept  in 
good  repair.  The  Hove  Corporation  having  given  notice  of  their 
intention  to  purchase  the  undertaking  of  the  company  by  payment 
of  the  legitimate  capital  expenditure,  are  promoting  a  Bill  in 
Parliament  to  authorise  the  borrowing  of  the  necessary  money. 
The  company  will  continue  to  carry  on  the  undertaking  until  the 
transfer  to  the  Corporation.  The  payment  of  the  purchase-money 
will  bt-come  due  on  December  8th  next. 

The  annual  meeting  is  called  for  March  19th. 


Chelsea  Electricity  Sapply  Co.,  Ltd. 

Mk.  W.  R.  Da\ies  (chairman)  presided  on  Wednesday  at  Winchester 
House,  E.G.,  over  the  annual  meeting  of  the  company. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Electrical  Review, 
page  396),  the  Ch  A I  KM  AN  first  referred  to  the  death  of  Sir  Irving 
Courtenay,  the  late  chairman.  He  said  the  deceased  was  the  only 
remaining  member  of  the  original  board.  lie  directed  the  fortunes 
of  the  company  through  evil  report  and  good  report,  and  he  had 
the  satisfaction  before  he  passed  away  of  seeing  the  finances  of  the 
undertaking  in  a  prosperous  condition  ard  its  position  among 
London  electric  light  undertakings  well  assured.  They  were  very 
fortunate  in  having  been  able  to  obtain  the  services  of  Mr.  Stanley 
Beeton  to  fill  the  vacant  seat  on  the  board.  Mr.  Beeton  possessed 
considerable  engineering  knowledge  and  a  rare  commercial  faculty, 
a  combination  not  often  met  with.  The  net  additions  to  capital 
amounted  to  £1,277  only.  In  the  revenue  account  the  sale  of 
current  had  increased  by  £1,400.  but,  on  the  other  side,  the  Miners' 
Eight-Hours  Act  and  the  Coal  Strike,  which  had  left  in  their 
train  what  he  was  afraid  would  prove  permanently 
higher  prices,  were  responsible  for  an  increase  of  a 
similar  amount  in  the  coal  bill,  and  the  result  of 
their  trading  was  that  they  carried  to  net  revenue  £40  less  than 
a  year  ago.  They  had.  however,  an  increasfd  income  frnm  divi- 
dends of  £570.  which  gave  them  about  £500  more  than  for  the 
previons  year  to  deal  with.  They  proposed  to  put  to  renewals  and 
depreciation  account  £13,626,  which  was  £446  more  than  the 
amount  for  lull  ;  to  transfer  the  usual  amounts  to  the  debenture 
stock  premium  redemption  fund  ;  and  to  further  reduce  the  cost  of 
eztingniMhing  the  founders'  shares  ;  they  also  proposed  to  write  a 
further  £1,000  off  the  Cadogan  Electric  Light  purchase  account  ; 
to  write  down  their  investments  to  the  market  prices  on  December 
31  st  last,  which  would  cost  £1.352  ;  and.  after  paying  interest  on 
debenture  stock  and  the  dividend  on  preferecce  shares,  to  pay  a 
final  dividend  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares, 
making,  with  the  interim  dividend  of  4  per  cent..  5  per  cent,  for 
the  year,  reducing  the  balance  carried  forward  by  about  £400. 
That  this  was  a  conservative  distribution  was  clear  from  the  fact 
that  ont  of  a  total  available  of  £31.880.  they  paid  only  £14,159 
in  dividends,  and  appropriated  £17,771  for  various  writings 
down.  Their  aim,  as  a  board,  was,  before  increasing 
the  dividend,  to  see  that  every  doubtful  item  in  the  accounts  was 
finally  extinguished,  as  they  believed  that  their  first  business  was  f  o 
preserve  the  corpus  of  the  undertaking  in  preparation  for  the 
inevitable  day  when  their  provi.sional  order  expired  and  their 
business  would  be  taken  over.  Their  investments  as  written  down 
to  market  prices  at  December  Slst  stood  at  £54,567.  The  business 
continued  to  made  steady  progress.  The  8-C.P.  lamp  equivalents 
had  increased  by  11,597,  which  was  distinctly  better  than  the 
increase  of  the  previous  few  years.  The  units  sold  had  increased  by 
between  4  and  6  per  cent.  This  improvement  in  business  was  only 
arrived  at  by  persistent  canvassing,  and  it  was  both  unlikely  and  un- 
desirable that  there  would  be  any  decrease  in  this  work,  and  in  the 
necessary  cost  thereof,  as  time  went  on.  They  had  taken  two 
important  departures  in  the  matter  of  the  supply  of  current  during 
the  year.  In  the  first  place,  acting  under  the  London  Electric 
Supply  Act,  1908,  they  had  entered  into  an  agreement  with 
the  Central  Electric  Supply  Co.,  which  owned  the  great  power 
aUtion    at      St    John's    Wood,     and     which    supplied     the     8t. 


James's  and  Pall  Mall  and  Westminster  Companies  with  a 
considerable  portion  of  their  current,  for  a  supply  in  bulk 
to  the  northernmost  of  their  sub  stations,  and  they  would  see  an 
item  in  the  accounts  of  £09  for  current  i)urchasod.  The  supply  was 
only  commenced  in  the  last  month  of  the  year,  which  would 
account  for  the  item  being  fo  small.  The  arrangement  was  an 
excellent  one  for  them,  inasmuch  as  it  provided  a  stand-by  for 
an  important  part  of  their  area,  and  it  was  supplied  to  them  at  a 
point  which  was  the  least  economical  for  them  to  supply  from 
their  generating  station  near  King's  Road.  The  second  new 
departure  was  that  they  had  decided  to  order  Diesel  gas  plant  to 
generate  a  considerable  portion  of  their  current.  This  matter  had 
been  carefully  considered  for  many  months,  and  he  did  not  think 
they  would  have  any  reason  to  regret  their  dedsion.  They  were  in 
a  difficult  position  at  Chelsea  as  regarded  generating  in  the  most 
economical  manner,  because,  being  surrounded  by  fiats  and  houses, 
they  were  obliged  to  use  a  high-class  smokeless  Welsh  coal  in 
order  to  avoid  tnioke  troubles,  which  increased  their  coal 
costs.  Further,  they  were  unable,  owing  to  want  of  conden- 
sing facilities,  to  install  the  most  economical  form  of  steam 
plant,  viz..  turbine  plant.  The  existing  reciprocating  engines 
were  of  comparatively  fmall  dimensions  and  by  no  means 
economical,  and  it  reflected  great  credit  on  the  chief 
engireer  and  manager,  Mr.  Still,  that  with  the  machinery  at  his 
command  he  had  been  able  to  produce  the  comparatively  economical 
results  which  had  been  obtained.  They  had  every  hope  that  when 
the  whole  of  the  Diesel  plant,  which  they  expected  to  order  within 
the  next  year  or  two,  was  working  regularly,  the  generation  costs 
would  show  a  great  improvement.  In  the  meantime,  they  had 
ordered  a  first  instalment,  and  expected  this  would  be  in  position 
ready  for  working  by  the  end  of  the  current  year.  They  would 
naturally  wish  for  some  information  as  to  the  prospect  for  the 
present  year.  They  saw  no  reason  why  the  steady  improvement  of 
the  lamps  installed  should  not  be  maintained,  and  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  events,  provided  nothing  abnormal  happened,  they  ought 
to  be  able  to  increase  the  gross  revenue.  On  the  other  hand,  they 
had  not  yet  come  to  the  end  of  higher  prices  for  coal,  and  it  was 
probable  from  this  cause  that  their  costs  would  be  increased  by 
hundreds  of  pounds. 

Mb.  H.  R.  Beeton  seconded  the  motion,  which  was  carried  with- 
out discussion. 

The  retiring  directors  were  re-elected  on  the  motion  of  Major 
W.  F.  Woods. 


Prospectuses. —  T/ie  Ncn-  Jhilish  Erer  Bpaihj  Co., 
Ltd. — The  list  is  to  close  to-morrow.  Saturday,  in  an  issue  of 
8.'), 000  7  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  shnres  of  £1  each,  parti- 
cipating up  to  10  per  rent.  The  company  is  to  acquire  as  a  going 
concern  the  business  of  the  British  Ever  Rpady  Electrical  Co..  Ltd.. 
of  Holloway,  on  which  the  profits — after  charging  repairs  and 
renewals  of  machinery  and  plant,  and  providing  for  depreciation, 
but  before  chargiog  income-tax.  interest  and  directors'  remunera- 
tion—were £6,314,  £8.259,  £13,514,  and  £2!. 119  for  the  list  four 
years.  The  turnover  of  the  busim  ss  for  the  first  two  months  of 
1913  shows  an  increase  of  more  than  2.")  per  cent,  over  the  corres- 
ponding months  of  1912.  The  purchase  price  is  fixed  at  £206.137. 
out  of  which  £10.308  is  for  plant,  machinery,  Arc.  £16.804  for 
stock-in-trade.  £21.574  book  debts,  £10,000  for  interest  in  subsidiary 
undertaking,  and  £144,535  for  "goodwill,  patents,  trade  marks, 
copyrights,  &c."  The  vendor  company  is  to  be  paid  as  to  £115  000 
(in  respect  of  goodwill)  in  fully  paid  ordinary  shares,  as  to  £  75.000 
in  cash  and  the  remainder  in  cash  or  in  discharge  of  vendors' 
liabilities.  Mr.  Samuel  Stern,  the  managing  director  (who  is  vice- 
president  of  the  American  Ever  Ready  Co  )  will  act  for  three  years, 
and  Mr.  Gustavo  Hitzelberger.  the  manager,  for  five  year?.  "  thus 
providing  for  continuity  in  the  management  of  the  business."  The 
company  employs  approximately  360  persons.  The  business  was 
founded  in  1901,  and  consists  in  the  manufacture  of  electrical 
specialities  and  motor-car  accessories.  The  vendor  company  has 
acquired  further  patents  for  the  manufacture  of  dry  batteries  for 
portable  lamps,  for  which  it  claims  almost  'double  the  life  of  the 
ordinary  dry  battery.  " 

So  much  importance  appears  to  be  attached  in  the  prospectus  to 
these  further  patents  in  connection  with  the  manufacture  of  dry 
batteries,  that  one  is  entitled  to  ask  for  fuller  information  on  this 
point.  The  patent  numbers  at  least  might  have  been  given,  or  the 
nature  of  the  invention,  or  inventions,  disclosed.  From  the  exclu- 
sion of  the  word  "electrical"  from  the  title,  and  from  the  state- 
ment that  "an  important  featurp  of  the  vendor  company's  business 
is  its  increasing  trade  in  accessories  and  fittings  for  motor-cars," 
we  are  led  to  wonder  what  proportion  of  the  business  is  electrical. 
The  uncertain  and  intangible  character  of  the  great  bulk  of 
the  "asnets,"  as  indicated  above,  will  not  escape  the  would-be 
investor's  notice.  The  amount  set  down  for  goodwill,  patent.s,  i:c  , 
we  cannot  help  regarding  as  extravagant,  notwithstanding  that  it 
w  to  be  taken  as  to  £115,000  in  ordinary  shares.  The  whole  of  the 
preference  shares  have  been  underwritten. 

The  Melhiivrne  Electric  Supply  Co.,  J.ltl.— The  list  is  to  close  to- 
day in  an  issue  of  £100,000  5  per  cent,  consolidated  debenture  stock 
at  93i  per  cent. 

Vickers  Ltd. — The  directors  rcjTOrt  that  for  1912  tliere 

is  a  net  profit  of  £872,633,  after  the  usual  provision  for  deprecia- 
tion. The  directors  are  carrying  £2u<i,0()0  each  to  works  exten- 
sions and  reserve  accounts,  and  recommend  a  final  dividend  of 
5  per  cent.,  making  10  percent,  for  the  year.  The  prospects  of 
the  current  year  are  regarded  with  confidence.  The  directors  have 
decided  to  take  steps  to  increase  the  share  capital  by  the  issue  of 
740,OCiO  ordinary  aharee  at  a  premium  of  10b.  per  £1  share. 


Vol.  78.  No,  1,842,  mahoh  H,  1918.]       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


448 


London  I'nited  Tramways,  Ltd. 

PiiK  (llrpotorH  report  that  the  operation  of  tho  iindcrtakiiitr  ilurini; 
tlie  year  ciulod  December,  I'JU,  rcHnlted  in  (;'■'"'«  rcwii>tn  ainount- 
int;  to  £;rt2,OI(i,  and  the  workinir  and  jfcn  "rai  expenMen,  mainten- 
ance and  repairs  to  t22M,(>54,  leavinif,  with  tho  balance  brou(rht 
forwarij,  a  net  revcnno  of  £10!),"'.)'!.  After  payment  of  intertot  on 
delieuture  stock  and  loanH  for  the  year,  and  providinj;  for  inoome- 
tai,  there  rt'inains  a  balnnce  of  £ll,22.'<,  a  decreaHe  of  £l.'i,20liaH 
compared  with  the  preccdinj;  year.  Of  this  amount  the  directors 
propone  to  place  £15,000  to  (roneral  reserve,  £25,000  to  reserve  for 
renewals  and  continnrencies,  and  to  carry  £1,22.S  forward.  The 
gross  roceipt.s  show  a  decrease  of  £11,971,  and  the  workinsr 
expences  an  increase  of  £4,<)2I,  reHultinir  in  a  decrease  in  net 
revenue  of  £lt),.")!l2  as  compared  with  the  previous  year.  The 
number  of  pawMentiers  carried  was  (;i,i:t9,2H5,  a  decrease  of 
1,407,843. 

Tlio  L.U.  Tramways  Act,  Idll,  received  the  Roynl  Assent  on  August  7th  last. 
This  Act  Huthorisml  an  agreement  to  be  made  with  the  Chiawioli  Urban  Dis- 
trict Council  for  the  extension  of  the  company's  tenure  of  ttto  tramways  in 
that  diHtriot  until  VMid.  An  agreement  to  that  ctToct  has  since  been  entered 
Into.  This  A>H  also  relieves  the  company  from  ihc  obligations  to  the  Rich- 
mond Borough  Council  imposed  by  the  previous  Acts  of  the  company  relatlDg 
to  Richmond  tramways.  To  assist  tho  company's  employi'^s  in  deriving  the 
maximum  benefits  under  the  National  Insurance  Act,  1911,  tho  directors 
formulated  a  sohenio  for  an  approved  society,  available  for  all  classes  of 
employes,  and  their  scheme  duly  received  the  approval  of  the  Commis- 
sioners. The  directors  have  also  undertaken  to  add  to  the  benefits  provided 
by  (he  Act. 

Durinp  the  past  year  the  work  of  improving  the  permanent  way 
on  the  Middlesex  lines  has  been  proceeded  with.  Over  S,250  rail 
joints  have  been  cast  welded,  making  a  total  of  14,511  joints  so 
dealt  with  to  date.  The  arbitrator's  award  in  the  matter  of  the 
purchase  of  the  company's  tramways  in  Hammersmith  was  issued 
in  February  of  last  year,  and  negrotiations  in  regard  thereto  are 
proceeding  with  the  L  C.C.  Pending:  the  final  settlement  of  this 
question  the  County  Council  have  agreed  to  make  advances  to  the 
company  for  the  reconstruction  of  portions  of  the  Hammersmith 
tramways  The  Uxbridge  Road  tramway  within  the  borough  has 
already  been  reconstructed  and  portions  of  the  track  in  Goldhawk 
Road  and  King  Street  will  shortly  be  relaid. 

The  scheme  for  the  consolidation  of  the  company's  interests  with  those  of 
the  Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways,  Ltd.,  and  the  Tramways  (M.E. r.) 
Omnibus  Co.,  Ltd.,  which  was  submitted  to  the  shareholders  in  November 
last,  was  accepted  by  a  very  large  majority,  and  consequently  became  binding. 
In  accordance  with  the  policy  therem  indicated,  the  three  companies  have 
been  placed  under  one  management.  Mr.  James  Devonshire  has  been 
appointed  managing  director  in  place  of  Mr.  Stanley,  who,  however,  retains 
his  seat  on  the  biard,  and  Mr.  A.  L.  Barber  has  succc:eded  Mr.  W.  G.  Verdon 
Smith  as  secretary. 

Mr.  C.  J.  Cater  Hcott  resigned  his  directorship  in  April  last,  and  the  board 
have  appointed  Mr.  W.  M.  Acworth  in  his  place  as  chairman  of  the  company. 
Mr.  W.  H.  Brown  has  found  it  necessary  for  reasons  of  health  to  resign 
his  seat  on  the  board.  Mr.  F.  V.  Schuster  has  been  appointed  to  fill  the 
vacancy. 


The  annual   meeting  was   held   on  Wednesday   at    the  Holborn 
Restaurant,  W.C.  Mr.  W.  M.  Acworth  presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  392).  said  that  the  shareholders  must 
have  been  more  or  less  prepared  for  the  report  by  the  statement 
contained  in  the  circular  which  the  directors  sent  out  last  November. 
They  then  said  :  "  The  net  profits  for  the  current  year  cannot,  of 
course,  be  ascertained,  but  unfavourable  weather  conditions  and 
increased  omnibus  competition  during  the  last  summer  have 
adversely  affected  them."  The  accounts  showed  that  the  receipts 
were  nearly  £12,000  down  and  the  expenses  were  £4.<;00  up:  in 
other  words,  their  net  balance  was  £16.591  worse  than  it 
was  that"  time  last  year.  The  loss  in  gross  receipts  was 
due  mainly  to  bad  weather  and  omnibus  competition.  On  the 
expense  side,  coal  and  the  purchase  of  energy  had  cost  them 
nearly  £3.000  more;  wages  and  other  benefits  granted  to  the 
staff  had  cost  them  an  additional  expense  of  close  on  £4,000,  the 
largest  item  of  which  was  owing  to  the  granting  of  holidays  on 
full  pay.  He  believed,  however,  that  that  was  money  very  well 
spent.  Pending  the  time  when  the  benefits  under  the  National 
Insurance  Act  came  into  operation,  they  increased  their  contribu- 
tions to  the  provident  fund.  An  approved  society  had  now  been 
formed  for  the  employes  of  the  company,  and  the  directors  had 
uadertaken  to  supplement  the  benefits  under  the  State  scheme." 
They  had  lost  Mr.  Stanley  as  their  managing  director,  but  they 
retained  the  benefit  of  his  wise  counsel  as  a  member  of  the  board. 
Mr.  Knapp,  their  general  manager,  in  whom  both  the  board  and 
the  staff  had  entire  confidence,  and  Mr.  Verdon  Smith,  the 
secretary,  had  also  left  them,  and,  they  were  glad  to  know,  not 
to  their  personal  disadvantage.  To  fill  the  vacancies  the  board  had 
appointed  Mr.  Devon-ihire  as  managing  director,  Mr.  Barber  as 
secretary,  and  Mr.  Pott  as  engineer  and  general  manager,  all  from 
the  Metropolitan  Electric  Tramway  Company.  Those  appointments 
secured  considerable  economy  at  once,  and  would  he  believed  secure 
largtr  esonnmies  in  the  future.  The  upshot  of  the  accounts  was 
that  after  payment  of  the  working  expenses,  income  tax,  and 
interest  on  debentures  and  bonds,  they  had  a  balance  of  only 
£41  228  as  aijain-st  £56,434  last  year.  They  proposed  to  place 
£40,000  to  reserves  and  to  carry  forward  £1,228.  They  entered  the 
current  year  with  a  better  hope  for  the  future  because  of  the 
arrangements  which  had  been  made  for  the  consolidation  of  that 
company  with  other  kindred  concerns,  under  which  additional 
sources  of  revenue  would  ensure  for  the  benefit  of  the  vast 
majority  of  those  who  had  hitherto  been  shareholders  of  the 
London  United  Co.  He  was  glad  to  tell  them  that  the 
holders  of  93  per  cent,  of  the  preference  stock  and  97  per  cent, 
of  the  ordinary  stock  had  acted  on  the  advice  of  the  board,  and  had 
exchanged  their  holdings  for  stock  in  the  London  and  Suburban 


Traction  Co.  That  company  would  have  a  prepondcratinK  voice  In 
the  airuirit  of  the  London  United  Co  ,  and  therefore  their  future 
mcetinKH  woulil  be  of  a  more  or  Icmi  forriiftl  chartt<-t<-r.  llf 
exchanging  their  holdingH  for  ntock  of  the  Ixjndon  and  .Suburban 
Traction  Co,  th<  «♦!  who  had  hitherto  l»fen  hharehold<  rn  of  the 
London  United  woulil  have  the  t)enefit  of  new  MjurccM  (  f  iaciiinf, 
namely,  from  the  .Melroixjlilan  Electric  Tramwoys,  the  North 
Metropolitan  Electric  I'ower  Supply  f^o.,  and  laat,  but  they  ho]^:il 
by  no  meauH  least,  from  tho  Tramways  M  l'I,T.  Omnibin  Co.,  which 
would  before  long  be  working  a  fleet  of  -iV)  omnibuHcs.  Some  t;o 
were  at  work  at  the  present  time,  and  their  nuinlier  was  increaning 
steadily  at  the  ratfl  of  about  10  per  week, ho  that  by  the  nummer  time 
there  would  be  ipiite  a  considerable  Heet  in  action.  He  WLuld 
like  to  point  out  that  the  London  United  Tramways  Co." 
must  always  work  uniler  a  heavy  handicap,  by  reonon  of  their 
capital  expenditure  on  street  widenmgs.  For  every  mile  of 
tramway  opened,  their  expenditure  worked  out  at  something  like 
five  times  the  amount  which  the  L.C.C.  debited  to  its  tramway 
undertaking.  The  L.C.C.  had  the  advantageof  being  able 'o charge 
such  portion  of  the  cost  of  street  widenings  as  it  might  think 
fit  to  a  street  improvements  fund,  the  interest  on  which  was 
payable  by  the  ratepayers  of  London,  but  unfortunately  that  coarse 
was  not  open  to  the  company. 

The  Hon.  Sydney  Holland  seconded  the  motion,  which  was 
adopted  after  a  short  difcuasion. 


Slouch  and  Datchet  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  1912  states  that  the  sum  expended  on 
capital  account  amounted  to  £3,397,  bringing  the  total  up  to 
£58,031.  The  expenditure  chiefly  represents  the  installation  of 
a  second  Diesel  engine  and  dynamo  of  a  capacity  of  135  kw.  The 
following  table  shows  the  progress  of  the  company,  the  equivalent 
of  1,809  additional  lamps  of  8  c  p.  having  been  connected  last 
year  :  — 

Lamps  and  motors 

Year.                  connected.  Units  sold.  Profit. 

1909  IG.380  335,983  £.S,288 

1910  17,976  332,295  £3,165 

1911  24,115  426,186  £3,421 

1912  25,914  819,733  £1,835 

A  railway  siding  has  been  constructed  into  the  company's  works, 
on  a  satisfactory  agreement  with  the  Great  Western  Railway  Co., 
which  is  a  great  convenience  and  should  result  in  considerable 
saving.  In  order  to  cope  with  the  extension  of  business  it  will  be 
necessary  to  increase  the  capital  of  the  company.  The  share- 
holders wUl  be  asked  at  the  meeting  on  19th  inst.  to  sanction  the 
increase  in  the  capital  from  £50,000  to  £75,000.  An  issue  of 
10,000  shares  at  par  will  shortly  be  made,  and  the  shareholders  will 
be  given  the  opportunity  of  subscribing  to  the  issue  in  proportion 
to  their  ho'ding.  The  total  net  profit  available  for  distribution  is 
£5,112.  Out  of  this  the  directors  purpose  setting  aside  £1,250  to 
the  depreciation  fund,  bringing  it  up  to  £6,000.  The  directors 
recommend  a  dividend  of  tt  per  cent.,  less  income-tax,  and  that  £637 
be  carried  forward. 


Com])anie$  Strack  Off  the  Register. — The  following 

have  been  struck  off  the  Register  and  are  accordingly  dissolved  : — 

Acme  Conveyor  and  Machine  Co. 

Dynamo  Electric  Car  Ti  ansmission  Syndicate. 

Electrical  Fittings  Co.,  Ltd. 

Elect  rccab  Development  Co.,  Ltd. 

Foxcroft  A  Duncan  Ergineering  Co, 

London  Electrocab  Co. 

Nitrogen  Power  Syndicate. 

Norfolk  Electrical  Co. 

Orient  Electric  Power  S;  ndicate. 

Monicipal  and  General  Secnrities  Co.,  Ltd. — The 

directors'  report  shows  that  for  1912  the  amount  at  the  credit  of 
appropriation  account  is  £18.852,  made  up  as  follows: — Balance  of 
profit  from  1911,  £1,621;  net  profit  for  ^912,  £17,231.  The 
directors  recommend  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent,  per 
annum,  less  income-tax  (£5.000),  adding  to  reserve  £10,000  (makirg 
it  £30,<i00),  carrying  forward  £3,852.  The  investments  are  shown 
in  the  balance  sheet  at  £73,359.  The  present  market  price  of 
these  securities  considerably  exceeds  this  figure.  The  annual 
meeting  was  held  on  February  27th.  Messrs.  J.  G.  White  and 
W.  C.  Burton  were  re-elected  as  directors. 

Alley  &  .^acLellan,  Ltd. — The  directors  report  that, 

although  the  company's  operations  have  been  hampered  by  the 
various  strikes,  which  increesed  expenses  and  made  the  getting  of 
material  difficult,  and  also  by  the  increased  cost  of  supplies,  labour 
and  taxes,  they  are  able  to  show  a  satisfactory  profit,  a  sut>staDtial 
portion  of  which  they  have  transferred  to  the  reserve  fund.  The 
profit  from  trading  for  the  year  to  December  31st,  after  meeting  all 
necessary  charges,  is  £18,2(53.  The  directors  have  applied  £4,600 
for  depreciation  of  property,  plant,  machinery.  &c..  have  transferred 
£4.000  to  reserve,  and  recommend  a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares 
at  the  rate  of  (!  per  cent,  per  annum,  leaving  £1.729  to  carry 
forward. 

Conimouwealth  Edison  Co. — The  report  states  (says  the 

Financier')  that  the  accounts  for  1912  showed  a  total  income  of 
$5,582,229.  and  after  providing  for  bond  interest  and  placing 
$514,000  to  depreciation  reserve,  there  remained  an  available  sum  of 
83.438.229.  from  which  dividends  absorbed  §2,516.7S3,  leaving  a 
balance  of  $921,445,  increasing  the  surplus  brought  forward  to 
$5,252,146. 


444 


THE    ELECTRICAL    KEVTEW.     [Voi.  72.  no.  1,842,  maboh  u,  1913, 


Bromptou  and  Kensington  Electricity  Supply 
Co,,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December,  11"12,  shows  a 
revenue  account  credit  balance  of  £;i3, 178,  which,  with  the 
balance  of  £7,S.">s  brou(fht  forward,  and  £1,000  balance  of  interest 
received  and  accrued,  makes  a  total  of  £42,030.  After  deducting 
f  1,5.'3  for  interim  dividend  on  the  7  per  cent,  cumulative  pre- 
ference shares,  and  £7.002  interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of  '.•  per 
cent,  per  annum  for  the  half-year  to  June  30th  on  the  ordinary 
shares,  the  directors  recommend  that  the  sum  rcmainin;;,  viz., 
£33,4sO,  be  dealt  with  as  follows: — To  credit  of  depreciation 
account  (maintaining  this  fund  at  £80,000),  £10,200;  written  off 
cost  of  investments,  £244  :  dividend  on  the  preference  shares  for 
December  half-year,  £1,520;  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  for 
half-year  ended  December  at  the  rate  of  1 1  per  cent,  per  annum, 
makin^r  10  per  cent,  for  the  year  (free  of  income-tax),  £8,('i0r>  ; 
income-tax  on  dividends,  £1)10;  credit  of  reserve  fund  account 
(raisin},'  it  to  £:!3,000),  £3.00o  ;  reserve  against  investment  in  the 
Hrompton  and  Kensington  Accessories  Co.,  Ltd.,  £1,000;  directors' 
additional  remuneration,  £973,  leaving  to  be  carried  forward 
£7,02'!.    The  following  table  shows  the  progress  of  the  business  : — 

fi-c.F,  Cus-  Av.  Div. 

lamps  Inc.     tomers  price  on 

con-  in8-c.i'.    con-  OroS8  Elxpendi-    Net  per  ord. 

Year.         nected.  lamp^.  nected.  rec'pts,  ture.  rec'pts,  unit,  shares. 

V.m  . .       ■13:,.e02  10.970      4,8«3  £50,791  £23,710  £27,081  4-18  10  % 

litLO  . .       24«.971  11,172      5,163  60,596  23,917  26,680  4'26  10  % 

lyll..       2.'>9,551  12,580      5,453  54.730  24.038  30,092  4  29  10% 

1912..       272,701  13.147      6,799  56,348  23,170  33,178  4-18  10% 

The  meeting  was  held  yesterday. 


Gateshead  and  District  Tramways  Co. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December  3l8t,  1912,  shows 
a  gross  revenue  of  £56,904.  After  deducting  all  expenses  charge- 
able to  revenue,  including  repairs  and  maintenance,  interest  on 
mortgages,  and  a  provision  of  £2,730  for  renewals,  there  remains  a 
balance  on  the  year's  working  of  £22,783,  plus  £1,878  brought 
forward,  making  a  total  of  £24,t!(;i.  Of  this  there  has  been  placed 
1 4,500  to  reserve,  and  to  the  sinking  fund  for  redemption  of  mort- 
gages £2,12'),  leaving  a  balance  of  £18,035.  The  directors  propose 
to  pay  the  dividend  on  the  6  per  cent,  preference  shares,  requiring 
£757,  and  that  on  the  5  per  cent,  preference  shares,  absorbing 
£t'),000,  al.so  a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  <!  per 
cent,  per  annum,  in  respect  of  which  an  interim  dividend  for  the 
half-year  ended  June  30th,  1912,  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per 
annum  has  already  been  paid,  requiring  £8,100,  and  a  bonus  of 
1  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares  £1.350,  leaving  to  be  carried 
forward  £1,829.  Interest  derived  from  investments  has  been  added 
to  the  renewals  fund  and  to  reserve.  Only  £64  was  added  to 
tramway  capital  account.  £1.474  was  expended  on  account  of  the 
motor-omnibus  undertaking.  The  general  trade  of  the  district 
wais  satisfactory  during  1912.  and  notwithstanding  the  coal  strike 
the  traffic  receipts  show  an  increase  of  £527.  Xinecars  constructed 
on  the  "  Pay-as-you-enter "  system  are  now  operating  on  the 
Bpnsham  and  Saltwell  routes.  In  view  of  special  influences 
affecting  traffics  on  these  routes,  it  has  not  been  possible  so  far  to 
ascertain  accurately  the  financial  effect  of  adopting  the  system. 
The  directors,  however,  are  satisfied  that  these  cars  have  many 
advantages,  and  they  have,  therefore,  decided  to  construct  two 
new  cars  on  the  P.A.Y.E.  principle,  which  will  be  placed  in  service 
on  the  Low  Fell  route,  where  further  cars  are  needed. 

In  response  to  a  request  of  the  Chester-le-Street  Urban  District 
Council,  the  directors  have,  after  very  careful  investigation, 
arranged  to  operate  a  service  of  motor-omnibuses  between  the 
terminus  of  the  tramway  at  Low  I'ell  and  Chester-le-Street.  A 
garage  is  in  course  of  erection  at  Chester-le-Rtreet,  and  the 
omnibuses  are  now  being  delivered.  It  is  intended  to  commence 
the  Chester-le  Street  service  early  in  April.  The  institution  of 
experimentil  services  on  other  routes  is  receiving  the  cfnsideration 
of  the  directors. 

1911.  1912. 

Passengers  carried  12,705,177  12,816,417 

Average  receipts  pff  paeseDKer  1 02d.  103d. 

Average  expenditure  per  paEsciiger  .        ..  •.''.Sd.  -.Wd, 

Propoitlon  of  expenees  to  receipts   ..        ..  .">4",.  54",, 

Care  in  stock         61  51 

Rontes  miles— Single  line,  4-63  m. ;  doable  line,  7-64  m.  ----  la-lB^m, 
The  annual  meeting  was  to  be  held  yesterday. 


County  of  London  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  Monday  at  Wincheater  House, 
K.C.,  Mr.  J.  B.  Rraithwaite  presiding. 

The  C'HAlB.MA.v.  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electkkai,  Keview,  page  392J,  first  referred  to  the  capital 
account.  The  Bournemouth  company  had  paid  an  increased  divi- 
dend of  J  per  cent.,  and  had  increased  its  allocation  to  reserve.  At 
Coatbriftge  and  Airdrie  there  had  been  quite  a  satisfactory 
increase,  the  units  sold  during  1912  aiiiouniing  to  4,445,035,  as 
against  :!,538,320,  or  an  increase  of  nearly  a  million.  Coming  to 
the  business  of  their  London  stations,  at  the  last  meeting  he  con- 
gratulated the  shareholders  on  the  fact  that  the  company  had  had 
a  record  year  in  almost  every  respect.  This  year,  he  was  glad  to 
say,  had  surpassed  that  record  in  every  item.  They  had  had  a 
record  number   of  applications  during    the  jear,   amounting    to 


slightly  over  4,000  Kw.,  and  they  had  a  record  in  the  number  of 
new  customers.  In  1911  the  new  customers  were  1,576  ;  Isist  year 
they  numbered  1,787,  making  the  total  number  of  customers  in 
their  London  areas  20,226,  and  they  sold  an  extra  2,000,000  units 
approximately.  That  result  had  been  obtained  in  spite  of  the  fact 
that  in  lHU  they  were  supplying  a  considerable  amount  of  current 
during  the  construction  of  some  sewers  in  the  South  of  London, 
which  were  completed  in  that  year.  Coming  to  the  revenue  account, 
there  was  an  increase  in  the  gross  revenue  of  about  £19,000, 
which  amounted  to  £231,100,  against  £212.039,  and  of 
that,  after  paying  various  increased  charges,  they  carried 
£134,082  to  the  net  revenue,  as  compared  with  £126,228  in  1911. 
In  other  words,  they  retained  £7,854  of  the  increased  revenue  as 
net.  That  would  have  been  very  much  larger  had  it  not  been  for 
the  expenses  entailed  by  the  coal  strike  and  the  transport  workers' 
strike.  The  effect  of  those  two  labour  disturbances  was  to  cost 
them  £7,489  additional  expense.  He  was  glad  to  say  that  they 
came  out  of  those  labour  troubles  without  having  to  inconvenience 
any  of  their  customers  in  the  slightest  degree.  During  the  whole 
period  they  did  not  have  to  cut  off  a  single  consumer,  but  main- 
tained a  regular  and  good  supply  the  whole  time,  and  that  fact,  he 
thought,  was  one  of  the  reasons  why  they  had  had  so  many 
additional  applications  for  power  during  the  past  year.  Owing  to 
the  strikes  their  coal  had  cost  them  more  than  before,  and  he  was 
afraid  they  would  never  get  back  to  the  old  prices.  However,  by 
the  adoption  of  the  very  latest  machinery  and  appliances  they  had 
neutralised  very  appreciably  the  higher  cost  of  coal.  Last  year  he 
told  them  that  they  had  completed  their  interconnection  between 
City  Road  and  the  Wandsworth  power  house,  and  that  had  been  of 
considerable  use  in  making  for  economical  working.  They  were 
now  laying  another  interconnection  which  would  save  them  several 
miles  of  routes.  Their  district  at  Purley,  which  they  used  to  serve 
from  a  supply  which  they  took  from  the  Croydon  Corporation  had 
now  developed  sufficiently  to  warrant  them  supplying  it  themselves, 
and  they  were  laying  mains  which  would  enable  them  to  give 
that  district  a  supply  from  Wandsworth.  Dealing  with  the  dis- 
posal of  the  profits,  the  chairman  said  they  had  had  to  pay  £6,740 
in  dividends  on  the  new  shares.  They  had  increased  the  appro- 
priation to  depreciation  by  £2,500,  and  they  had  added  £2,084  to 
the  carry  forward.  As  showing  the  steady  increase  in  the  amount 
they  had  put  aside  year  by  year  for  depreciation,  he  might  mention 
that  it  had  risen  from  £16,000  to  £25,000  in  1911,  and  this  year  it 
was  £27,500,  and  but  for  the  coal  strike  they  would  undoubtedly 
have  increased  it  to  £30,000.  On  the  other  side,  they  had  written 
off  all  their  plant  which  was  of  an  obsolete  character  and  which 
had  been  removed  from  their  power  house.  As  to  the  future,  so 
far  as  this  year  had  gone  the  business  was  quite  normal.  The 
units  sold  showed  an  increase  of  6  per  cent,  over  the  corresponding 
period  last  year,  and  it  they  were  free  from  labour  troubles,  he 
hoped  that  next  year  they  would  have  a  very  substantial  addition 
to  their  net  revenue  to  report. 

Mr.  a.  H.  Sanderson  seconded  the  motion. 

Mk.  T.  Lighton,  while  congratulating  the  board  upon  the 
results  of  the  year,  remarked  that  he  would  like  to  see  the  item  of 
preliminary  expenses  materially  reduced. 

Mr.  Pakkkr  asked  whether,  in  view  of  the  decision  in  the  case  of 
the  National  Telephone  Co.,  it  would  not  be  possible  for  the  board  to 
call  a  conference  of  the  electric  lighting  companies  to  see  whether 
it  was  not  possible  to  adopt  some  uniform  method  of  treating  such 
items  as  preliminary  expenses,  the  cost  of  obtaining  provifional 
orders,  and  the  depreciation  and  renewal  account.  At  present  those 
matters  were  treated  differently  by  the  different  companies,  whereas, 
if  some  common  form  could  be  agreed  upon,  it  would  probably  be  of 
considerable  benefit  to  the  s liareholders  when  the  time  came  for  the 
Companies  to  be  acquired. 

Mr.  EvEBSHED,  while  complimenting  Mr.  Sparks,  the  chief 
engineer,  upon  the  technical  success  of  the  company,  criticised  the 
Coard  for  not  putting  aside  a  sufficiently  large  sum  to  reserve, 
according  to  his  opinion. 

The  Chairman,  in  reply,  said  that  with  regard  to  the  deprecia- 
tion fund,  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  four  years  ago  when  that 
fund  stood  at  £60,000  they  had  in  their  City  Road  station  a  large 
amount  of  old-fashioned  plant.  Now,  although  that  fund  had  only 
been  increased  by  £3,o00,  the  whole  of  that  plant  had  disappeared 
from  the  station,  having  been  scrapped.  With  regard  to  the 
preliminary  expenses,  the  matter  had  already  engaged  the  attention 
of  the  board,  and  steps  were  beiDg  taken  to  have  a  careful  con- 
sideration of  the  whole  question  by  as  many  of  the  electric  supply 
companies  as  possible.  Had  the  Telephone  Co.  instead  of 
writing  off  their  preliminary  expenses  retained  them  in  their  books, 
they  would  have  recovered  the  money  from  the  (Joverninent  as 
money  legitimately  expended  in  raising  the  capital  and  building  up 
the  business.  If  they  were  advised  that  that  was  the  proper  policy 
to  pursue,  they  would  leave  that  item  in  the  balance  sheet,  because 
naturally  they  wanted  to  get  as  much  as  they  could  for  the  share- 
holders when  they  were  purchased  by  the  County  Council  in  1 93 1 . 

The  report  was  adopted. 


Iladfield's  Steel  Foundry  Co.,  Ltd. —  The  diiectois,  in 

their  report  for  1912.  propose  to  add  £20,000  to  the  reserve  and 
renewal  account  and  to  carry  forward  £4!i,556.  They  recommend 
that,  in  addition  to  the  interim  dividend  of  Is.  per  share  paid  in 
August  last  on  the  ordinary  shares,  a  further  dividend  be  paid  on 
the  ordinary  shares  of  2s.  per  share,  together  with  a  bonus  of  Is. 
per  share,  all  free  of  income-tax. 

The  annual  meeting  is  called  for  March  17th.  At  a  special 
meeting  which  is  to  follow,  it  is  intended  to  pass  a  resolution 
changing  the  name  to  "  Hadfielde,  Ltd." 


Vol.  72.    No.  I,«li!,  MAKcr.  II,  H)i:t.]  THE     KLKCTRICAIj     KI'lVIHW. 


446 


County  ol    IMiiliaiii 


KIcctrical 
Co..  Lt«i. 


Power   llistrihution 


Til  10  (HroctorH  report  for  I'.M-',  thut  the  totiil  conncctioriH  to  tho 
ooinpiiiiy'H  HyHtoin  at  tlio  oiid  of  tho  yi'iir  (inuluilitiif  tho  coiincctioim 
of  itrt  iiHHociated  I'arliiiineiitury  coiii|miiy,  tho  County  of  Durhuiii 
Kl  otriu  I'owor  Supply  Co.)  ainouiitfd  to  r>l,r)2r)  ll.l'.,  uii  iiioreuHO  of 
11,(100  ll.l'.  The  profit  for  thi^  year  Ih  £:(:t,7;iti,  pUm  i!  IC.L'  brought 
forward,  inakiii),'  c:t:t,8it!i,  otfttinHt  which  has  been  charged  intercHt 
on  loans  and  dc'bciituri!  etock,  i  i;i,.i:tr),  Icavini;  £2ii,H<i3,  out  Of 
which  the  dirccti'r.i  rccoiiinu'nd  a  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  for  the 
year  on  the  preCerenco  Hharef,  JE  12,500,  tranHferrinir  to  depreciation 
account  de(!,00O,  carryirj^-  forward  JKl.Hi'iH.  The  capital  expenditure 
on  mains  and  works  durinir  the  year  hoH  been  £'I7,»MK,  of  which 
.■tl7,l93  represents  thi«  company's  outlay,  and  £;iO,455,  the  outlay 
by  its  associated  company,  the  County  of  Durham  Electric  I'ower 
Supply  Co.  Durinj.'  tho  year,  the  latter  company  transferred  by 
sale  to  the  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  Electric  Sujiply  Co.,  Ltd.,  certain 
main?,  kc,  to  tho  value  of  £ir>,872,  the  net  addition,  therefore,  to 
the  cspital  expenditure  of  the  two  compnnie.s  together  amountinf; 
to  £2,277.  The  national  coal  strike  adversely  affected  the  profrrcss 
of  the  company,  which  accounts  for  the  tmallnefs  in  the  increase 
of  the  profit. 

The  meetinjf  is  called  for  March  liith. 


Metropolitan  Electric  Supply  (C,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report,  for  the  year  1912,  states  that  the  capital 
expenditure  has  now  reached  a  total  of  £2,10I?,99C>,  an  increase 
during:  the  year  of  £51,298,  toprether  with  £62,8()6,  representin'tr 
the  Acton  transfer.  A  further  amount  of  £")(;, 920  .'ij  per  cent, 
mortgage  debenture  stock  was  subscribed  for  and  allotted  during 
the  year.  The  gross  revenue  amounted  to  £202,lb:i,  as  compared 
with  £182,(!22  in  1911,  an  increase  of  £19,5G1.  The  working 
expenses  amounted  to  £99,086,  as  compared  with  £88,005,  an 
increase  of  £11,081.  The  balance  at  the  credit  of  the  revenue 
account,  before  ])roviding  for  depreciation,  is  £1  OH, 097.  The 
directors  have  set  aside  £20,000  as  an  addition  to  the  depreciation 
and  reserve  fund,  which  now  amounts  to  £297,855,  carrying  to  the 
credit  of  the  net  revenue  account  £83,097.  This  sum,  with  the 
balance  brought  forward  from  last  nccount,  interest  and  dividends 
on  investments,  and  other  receipts,  makes  a  total  of  £94.314. 
After  deducting  interest  on  debenture  stocks  and  loans,  dividend  on 
preference  shares  and  other  charges,  there  remains  a  balance  of 
£4(i,7<;2  An  interim  dividend  of  2s.  per  share  on  the  ordinary 
share  capital,  amounting  to  £20,000,  was  paid  on  August  13th,  and 
the  directors  recommend  that  a  further  dividend  of  2s.  3d.  per 
share  (being  at  the  rate  of  41  per  cent,  per  annum)  on  such  shares 
be  now  paid,  making  a  total  distribution  for  the  year  of  4s.  3d.  per 
share,  or  i\  per  cent.  This  will  absorb  a  further  £22,500,  and 
leave  £4,262  to  be  carried  forward.  The  stocks  of  coal  held  in 
reserve  by  the  company  enabled  them  satisfactorily  to  maintain  the 
supply  to  their  customers  during  the  coal  strike,  but  the  increase  in 
the  price  of  coal  due  to  the  strike,  and  since  maintained,  has 
materially  affected  the  cost  of  production.  During  the  year  new 
connections  representing  the  equivalent  of  71,267  8-c.P.  (30- watt) 
lamps,  equal  to  2,138  KW,,  were  added  to  the  company's  system, 
making  a  total  connection  at  the  end  of  the  year  of  1,028,304 
lamps.  The  company's  engineer  reports  that  the  stations, 
machinery,  and  plant,  have  been  maintained  in  a  satisfactory 
condition. 

The  meeting  is  called  for  March  18th. 


Harrow  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd. 

In  their  report  for  1912,  the  directors  state  that  during  the  past 
year  129  new  consumers,  representing  79  KW,  of  additional  demand, 
have  been  connected  to  the  mains.  The  number  of  consumers  at 
the  end  of  the  year  was  1,510,  and  their  aggregate  requirements 
amounted  to  1,292  KW.  The  output  for  the  year  was  462,737  units. 
In  order  to  foster  the  use  of  electricity  for  heating  and  cooking  pur- 
poses, the  directors  have  reduced  the  rate  of  charge  for  such  pur- 
poses to  Ijd.per  unitduring  the  winter  and  Id.  per  unit  during  the 
summer.  They  have  also  introduced  an  alternative  "  assessment '' 
tariff  for  private  houses  with  a  fixed  charge  of  8d.  per  £  per  quarter 
on  the  rateable  value,  dIus  1  jd,  per  unit  supplied  during  the  winter, 
and  Id.  ppr  unit  supplied  during  the  summer  ;  this  scale  covering 
the  supply  of  electricity  for  all  domestic  purposes,  including  light- 
ing, heating  and  cooking.  The  new  rates  came  into  force  on 
January  Ist,  1913.  The  remainder  of  the4i  per  cent,  debentures, 
amounting  to  £1,400,  have  been  issued  during  the  year.  The 
balance  to  the  credit  of  the  net  revenue  account,  after  deducting 
debenture  interest  and  the  interim  dividend  on  the  preference  shares, 
is  £2,221,  which  the  directors  recommend  should  be  dealt  with  as 
under  :  Final  dividend  on  the  preference  shares,  £375  ;  dividend 
on  the  ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per  annum,  £1,667  ; 
balance  to  be  carried  forward,  £179.  It  is  proposed  to  issue  the 
dividend  warrants  on  28th  inst.  The  new  offices  and  showrooms  in 
College  Road  are  now  nearing  completion,  and  will  be  occupied  by 
the  company  at  the  end  of  March  next. 


city  loHt  yenr  won  much  Kmallur  than  the  lnor«:M«  for  the  prerioai 
year,  but  tlit;  fact  wan  that  the  introduction  nf  mntalllc-fl lament 
lamps  inxti'ud  r)f  c.urtion  liinipH  wax  ho  i.-conoinii;al  for  caHtomcri>, 
that  nil  who  used  them  were  ctijiiying  a  re'lii<;tion  in  th<-ir  bilU, 
Thcv  could  look  on  this  fact  with  e<|iiuniiiiily  and  even  plcaoiirc, 
for  it  meant  that  electric  light  woh  buCumiiig  chea|>er,  and  on  thJH 
was  lietter  recoi/nised  more  conMumern  would  tw  o'ldud.  Thin  wan 
really  evident  ttiis  yiar,  for  the  number  of  coiiHUiiierH  hod  increaiwtd 
by  129— a  larger  number  than  hud  j'iine<i  in  any  year  nincf;  the 
comjiany  was  formed.  Harrow  wum  somewhat  behind  other  townn 
in  taking  to  metaliic-filamnnt  lamps,  but  tho  use  of  them  wan  now 
growing  very  rapidly.  The  company  having  now  w^ure<i  oh  coh- 
tomers  the  occupiers  of  nearly  all  the  large  houscH  in  the  diHtrict, 
the  board  had  been  eonsiihrring  how  Ijetter  to  uttra<;t  tboHC  of  the 
smaller  houses,  who,  under  the  existing  tarilf.  need  their  electric 
light  very  sparingly.  They  had,  therefore,  introduced  from  the 
commencement  of  this  year,  a  tariff  of  a  fixed  charge  ti&^-A  on  the 
assessed  value  of  the  premises,  with  an  extremely  low  rate  p«;r  unit 
of  electricity  consumed,  viz.,  Id.  to  1  id. ;  this  would  enable  customers 
to  use  their  light  much  more  freely,  without  feeling  that  they  were 
adding  materially  to  their  bills,  and  would  also  give  them  the 
advantage  of  heating  and  cooking  at  u  low  price.  Harrow  had  not 
yet  woke  up  to  the  advantage  of  cooking  by  electricity,  though  other 
towns  had  done  so  to  a  very  great  extent,  but  at  their  new  show- 
rooms, which  would  be  opened  shortly  in  College  Road,  they  would 
be  able  to  demonstrate  the  great  advantage  and  saving  of  electrical 
cooking,  as  well  as  the  best  methods  of  lighting  and  beating.  The 
depreciation  account  now  stood  at  the  high  figure  of  £25,000,  or 
more  than  25  per  cent,  on  the  capital  expenditure,  a  position  attained 
by  very  few  electric  light  concerns  in  England.  The  company  had 
continued  to  be  ably  served  by  the  engineer  and  manager, 
Mr.  Ilorsley  ;  the  secretary,  Mr.  I5ishop  ;  the  works  superintendent, 
Mr.  Adams  ;  and  all  the  members  of  the  staff. 

Mii.  G.  Si'ENCEii  Hasves,  in  teconding,  said  that  among  technical 
people  it  was  thoroughly  realised  that  all  electrical  undertakings, 
especially  those  mainly  dependent  on  lighting  business,  had  been 
passing  through  a  critical  period  during  the  la.st  few  years,  not 
because  there  had  been  any  lack  of  new  consumers,  but  because  of 
the  inventive  genius  of  electrical  scientists,  which  had  resulted  in 
the  production  of  a  lamp  which  had  proved  to  be  of  enormous 
advantage  to  electrical  users.  To  s-how  the  effect  on  the  Harrow 
undertaking  of  the  use  of  metal  lamps,  he  had  only  to  state  that 
upon  a  reasonable  computation  based  upon  output  records,  users  of 
electric  light  in  Harrow  had  had  their  bills  decreased  to  the  extent 
of  something  like  £2,250,  as  compared  with  the  position  which 
would  have  existed  under  the  old  carbon  lamp  condition  of  things. 
This  was  confirmed  in  another  dirtction.  Some  years  ago  their 
average  revenue  per  consumer  was  £7  15s.  ;  last  year  the  average 
was  £6  5s.  That  showed  a  decline  in  the  period  of  £1  10s,  per 
consumer.  On  the  basis  of  their  1,500  consumers,  this  showed  a 
direct  decline  of  revenue  of  £2,250.  The  whole  of  that  advantage 
had  been  reaped  by  their  consumers.  So  far  the  company  had 
reaped  very  little,  excepting  this — they  had  benefited  by  the  im- 
proved conditions  with  which  consumers  viewed  electric  light.  That 
was  certainly  an  advantage  to  the  company,  because  it  brought  to 
them  business  which  perhaps  they  never  would  have  captured  in 
the  early  days  with  the  old  stj  le  of  lamps. 
The  report  was  adopted,  and  the  dividends  were  declared. 


Scarborough  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  March  5th,  Mr.l^G.  Alderson- 
Smith  presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report,  said  that 
they  were  going  ahead.  There  was  an  increase  in  the  lamps  of 
4,000  odd,  an  increase  in  units  supplied  of  over  9  per  cent.,  and  the 
number  of  customers  had  increased  by  16  per  cent.  They  had  sold 
an  increase  of  electrical  energy  to  the  amount  of  £773,  and  the 
credit  side  was  £1,000  to  the  good  compared  with  last  year.  On 
the  other  side  coal  cost  £358  more.  They  were  able  to  keep  running 
throughout  the  coal  strike.  The  other  items  on  the  debit  account 
were  small.  The  "'B"  account — distribution — was  £102  more,  but 
they  had  spent  a  larger  amount  in  repairs. 

Me.  a.  a.  Cami'bell  Swinton,  in  seconding,  said  that  beyond 
putting  £1,000  to  depreciation,  they  kept  all  their  plant  up 
to  date  out  of  revenue.  £1,000  increase  in  gross  revenue  was 
something  like  a  10  per  cent,  increase.  If  that  rate  could  be 
maintained,  they  would  soon  revert  to  the  position  of  comparative 
prosperity  that  they  occupied  a  few  years  ago. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  declaring  a  dividend  of  3  per^cent. 


The  annual  meeting  was  held  at  Harrow  on  February  20th.  Mr. 
J.  N.  Stuart,  who  presided,  said  that  at  first  sight  it  might 
seem  that  the  progress  of  the  company  had  met  with  a  slight 
check,  inasmuch  as  the  increase  in  the  number  of  units  of  electri- 


British  L.M.  Ericsson  Manufacturing  Co..  Ltd.— The 

directors  report  that  for  the  year  ending  December  3tst,  1912, 
the  net  profit  amounts  to  £18  5(;3.  They  recommend  that 
after  payment  of  6  per  cent,  to  the  preference  shareholders,  the 
balance  of  £13,941  be  appropriated  by  paying  a  dividend  of  8  per 
cent,  (free  of  income-tax)  to  the  ordinary  shareholders,  requiring 
£8.001,  and  by  carrying  forward  £5,940, 
The  annual  meeting  is  called  for  March  19th,  in  London. 

Western    Telegraph    Co.,   Ltd. — The    directors  have 

declared  the  second  quarterly  interim  dividend  of  33.  per  share,  free 
of  income-tax,  for  the  year  ending  June  3oth,  1913,  being  at  the 
rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum.  The  transfer  books  are  closed  until 
the  1 9th  inst. 


[Vol  72.    No.  1,842,  Mabch  14,  1913. 


446 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


MARKET     QUOTATIONS. 


It'  shoQld  be  remembered,  in  making:  nee  of  the  fif^Qres  appesrini? 
In  the  following  list,  that  in  some  casea  the  prices  are  only  general, 
and  may  vary  according  to  qoantitiee  and  other  ciroametanoes. 


Wednesday,  March  12th. 


CHEMICALS.  Ac 


a  Add,  Mydroeblorlo  . .  per  cwt. 

m     „     Nitric 

a     „     Oxalic  per  lb. 

m     ,.      Sulphuric per  cwt. 

a  Atnmoni&c  Pal         „ 

a  Animonia,  Muriat«  (large  cr;st«l)  per  ton 

a  Bloachinp  powder „ 

a  Bisulphide  of  Carbon       ..        ,.  „ 

a  Borax „ 

a  Copper  Bulphate , 

a  Lead,  Nitrate         „ 

a      „      White  Sugar         

•       ,,      Peroxide „ 

r  Methylated  Spirit per  gal, 

a  Potassium,  Bichromate,  in  casks  per  lb. 

a  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %)  . .  per  ton 

a        „      Chlorate per  lb, 

a        „       Percblorate  „ 

a  Potassium,  Cyanide  (98/100  %) . .         „ 
(for  mining  purposes  only) 

a  Shellac  per  cwt, 

a  Bulphate  of  Magnesia      . .        . .  per  ton 
a  Sulphur,  Sublimed  Flowers      . .  „ 

■        „         Recovered         . .        . .  „ 

a        „         Lump „ 

a  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/73  %)    . .  „ 

a      „     Chlorate        per  lb. 

a      „     Crystals         per  ton 

a  Bodiam  Bichromate,  casks       . ,  per  lb. 


METALS.  &c. 

b  Aluminium  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  . .  per  ton 
b           „           Wire,  in  ton  lots    ..  „ 

6  „  Sheet,  in  ton  lots   . .  „ 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots  „ 

c  Brass  (rolled  metal  2"  to  13*  basis)  per  lb. 
c      >,     Tube  (brazed)         . .        . .  „ 

c      „         „     (solid  drawn)  . .  „ 

c      „     Wire,  basis „ 

e  Copper  Tubes  (brazed)     . .        . .         „ 
c       „^         „      (solid  drawn)      . .         „ 

g       „      Bars  (best  selected)      . .  per  ton 

t       „      Sheet  „ 

g       „       Rod , 

d       „      (Electrolytic)  Bars         . .  „ 

Sheets      ..  „ 


Rods 
H.C.  Wire 


/  Ebonite  Rod 

f       „        Sheet         

o  German  Silver  Wire 

li  Guttapercha,  fine 

A  India-rubber,  Para  fine  .. 

;  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . . 

/     „    Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual. 

f  Lead,  English  Pig 

m  ManganiD  Wire  No.  28   .. 

g  Biercury         

t  Mica  (in  original  cases)  small   . . 
e      „  „  „      medium 

e     ,.  „  „      large   . . 

o  Nickel,  sheet,  wire,  4c 

p  Phosphor  Bronze,  plain  castings 
p         H  n    rolled  bars  A  rods 

p         H  »  rolled  strip  A  sheet 

o  Platinum       

tf  Silioinm  Bronze  Wire 
Steel,  Magnet,  In  bars 
J  Tin,  Block  (English) 
a    ,.     Wire,  Nob.  1  to  16    . . 
p  White  Anti-friction  Metals 
k  Zioo,  Bb't  (VIellle  Montague  bnd,) 


per  lb. 


per  lb. 
per  bot. 
per  lb. 


per  oz, 
per  lb. 
per  ton 

per  lb. 
per  ton 


Latest 
Price. 


6/- 

33/- 

3Jd. 
6/6 

43/. 
£39  10 

£6  5 

£18 
X17  10 
£23  16 
£39  10 
£2710 

£83 

3/6 

S^d. 
££110 

8«d. 

4id. 

7|d. 

86/- 
£410 
£610 
£6  10 
£6 

£10  6 
Bgd. 
£Sfi 
8d. 


£96 

£113 

£120 

£88  to  £146 

Sid. 

lOJd. 

gd. 

8id. 

lAd. 

10|d. 

£»3 

£83 

£83 

£69  1.5 

£86  10  . 

£76 

93d. 

6/8 

4/9 

1/10 

7/-  to  8/- 

8/114 

62/11 

£14 

£16 

6/6 

£7  10 

6d.  to  8a. 

8/6  to  6/- 

7/6  to  11/- 

3/6  to  4/6  nom. 

1/2  to  l/3i 

1/3 

l/2i 

186/- 

lid. 

£66 

£216  to  £217 

3/8 

£16  to  £''28 

«S8  10 


Qaotatlons  supplied  by- 


Fortnight's 
Inc.  or  Dec. 


Jd.  inc. 


£2  inc. 
£3  inc. 
£2  inc. 
16/-  inc. 
10/-  inc. 
£1  inc. 
id. inc. 


8id.  dec. 
3 11  inc. 


15/-  dec. 
51-  dec. 


£6  dec. 
16/-' dec. 


a  Q.  Boor  A  Oo. 

b  The  British  Aluminium  Co.,  Ltd, 
c  Thos.  Bolton  A  Sons,  Ltd, 
d  Frederick  Smith  A  O}, 
e  F.  Wiggins  A  Sons. 
/India-Bobber.  Gnlta-Perpba   and 
Telegraph  Woika  Co.,  Ltd. 

fJamei  A  Bhakapeara. 
Edward  TIU  A  Oo. 


y  Boiling  A  Lowe, 

k  Morris  Ashby,  Ltd, 

I  Richard  Johnson  A  Nephew,  Ltd, 

at  W.  T.  Glover  A  Co.,  Ltd. 

n  P.  OrmiBton  A  Sons 

o  Johnson,  Mattbey  A  Oo.,  Ltd- 

« 

r  W,  F,  Dennlt  A  Oo, 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tocsday  Evening. 

THK  fitcck  Exchanire  is  ?oin^  thronph  another  very  anxious  time. 
The  focus  of  the  finarcial  horizon  has  thifttd  frtm  war  to  money. 
Although  trade  is  so  gord,  and  there  is  probab),v  more  money  in  the 
country  at  the  present  time  than  there  has  ever  been  before,  for 
Stock  Exchan^re  and  bankinfr  purposes  the  amount  of  floatisf; 
capital  is  comparatively  small.  Money  rates  rule  high.  There  is  a 
great   demand   for    accommodation.      Xew  issues  have    absorbed 


substantial  amounte,  and  with  the  unrest  which  is  visible  on  all 
sides,  people  Me  retaining'  their  money  in  banks  and  similar 
stockings  rather  than  entrns'ing  it  to  the  ordinary  channels  of 
investment. 

Inasmuch  as  the  capitalist,  large  or  small,  can  obtain  five  to  six 
|>€r  cent,  by  lending  money  in  the  Stoik  Exchange  on  quite  good 
security,  it  is  not  surprising  that  he  should  prefer  to  do  this  rather 
than  invest  it  in  securities,  the  prices  of  which  appear  to  trend  in 
one  direction  only.  So  far  as  electrical  issues  are  concerned,  the 
main  feature  this  week  is  a  shrinkage  in  the  Latin-Canadian  group, 
the  news  from  Mexico — taken  in  conjunction  with  the  monetary 
stringency— not  only  causing  a  feeling  of  depression,  but  also 
leading  to  realisations  of  actual  stock. 

The  Home  Railway  market  failed  to  derive  any  benefit  from  the 
settlement  of  the  dispute  between  the  Midland  and  its  men.  It 
was  thought  at  first  that  the  bulls  might  seize  the  occasion  to 
make  a  demonstration  in  force  ;  but  circumstances  proved  too 
strong  for  them,  and  prices  moved  in  exactly  contrary  direction 
from  that  in  which  they  were  expected  to  advance.  The  electrical 
stocks  have  givtn  way,  like  most  of  the  rest.  Central  London 
Ordinary  and  Deferred  fell  a  point  each,  notwithstanding  the 
favour  with  which  they  are  being  viewed  in  certain  quarters. 
Metropolitans  and  Districts  both  fell  back,  and  there  was  a  shake 
out  in  Underground  Electric  descriptions.  The  £10  shares 
receded  5s.,  the  Is.  shares  lost  .I'j,  and  the  Income  bonds  at  92J 
shed  a  point  that  they  gained  the  ■week  before.  East  London 
Ordinnry  stock,  which  had  been  run  np  to  'iO-f'g,  reacted  a  little, 
and  the  company's  Preference  stocks  also  went  back  slightly.  The 
Traction  market  as  a  whole  is  quiet.  A  fall  of  1  is  registered  in 
London  United  Tramways  4  per  cent.  Debenture  stock.  British 
Electric  Traction  6  per  cent.  Preference  at  11  is  }  lower. 

The  English  Electricity  Supply  group  remains  a  little  on  the 
dull  side,  although  the  falls  are  insignificant.  The  largest  are 
those  of  as ,  in  City  of  London  6  per  cent.  Preference — which  has 
brought  the  shares  down  to  a  4  J  per  cent,  level  of  return  to  a 
buyer — and  in  St.  .James's  Ordinary.  City  Ordinary  shares  touched 
18,  but  reacted  to  their  last  week's  figure.  County  Ordinary,  in 
spite  of  the  excellent  report — commented  upon  in  our  last  number — 
went  back  J  ;  but  the  fraction  was  picked  up  by  the  company's 
Preference  eharfs,  which  have  risen  to  12,  while  the  Second 
Debenture  stock  is  a  point  better.  Chelsea's  are  J  down.  The 
market,  as  a  whole,  is  extremely  quiet. 

Of  the  manufacturing  varieties,  the  feature  is  the  strength  of 
British  Thomson-IIouston  4  J  per  cent.  Debenture  stock.  The  price  has 
risen  to  97  upon  a  small  demand,  showing  a  gain  of  I'J.  Other- 
wise this  section  is  mostly  easier  in  those  few  places  where  changes 
have  occurred.  Dick,  Kerrs,  for  example,  are  down  ^,  both 
Ordinary  and  Preference  drooping.  Falls  of  !  are  shown  by  India- 
RubVer  Preference  and  Callender's  Cable  Ordinary  ;  while  Castner- 
Kellners  lost  a  small  amount.  The  rises  in  Edison  &  Swan  shares 
have  been  maintained  ;  the  fully-paid  are  J  higher  on  the  week. 

The  Latin-Canadian  section,  as  already  mentioned,  shows  pro- 
nounced dulness,  this  being  more  particularly  noticeable  in  the 
stocks  and  shares  of  the  Mexican  Companies.  Mexican  Light  and 
Power  and  Mexican  Electric  Light  Bonds  have  fallen  from  1  to  2 
points.  Mexican  Trams  are  2  down,  and  the  company's  bonds  are 
lower  in  each  class.  Rios  eased  off  a  little,  and  Sao  Paulo  bonds 
are  {  down.  Montreals  and  Sbawinigan  Water  show  falls  of  2, 
and  Cordoba  Light  Ordinary  are  somewhat  easier. 

British  Columbia  Electric  Railway  has  made  its  new  issue  this 
week,  and  the  Deferred  and  Preferred  Ordinary  stocks  were  quoted 
63-  rights  on  Monday,  the  ofiicial  valuations  being  3s.  3d.  atd 
Is.  3d.  premium  respectively.  The  issue  prices  were  21s.  for  tie 
Preference,  22p.  the  Preferred,  and  248.  the  Deferred,  these  beirg 
the  figures  at  which  they  are  offered  to  the  present  stockhclderp, 
Brazilian  Traction  shares  have  been  sold  extensively  by  specr- 
lators,  and  the  gain  of  3  last  week  has  been  lost.  The  Arglc- 
Argentine  group  did  not  escape  the  infection  of  depression,  which 
spread  further  to  such  shares  as  Para  Electric  Ordirary  and 
United  Electric  Trams  of  Minte-Video. 

Interest  is  reviving  to  a  larguid  extent  in  Marconi  shares,  to 
which  the  bears  have  been  paying  some  little  attention  this  week. 
The  price  went  back  to  4  ,•'«,  and  notwithstanding  the  sales  which 
had  been  made  by  the  short  brigade,  the  contango  rate  was  the 
exceptionally  heavy  one  of  9  per  cent.  The  Preference  show  J  fall, 
and  the  various  subsidiaries'  shares  are  rather  lower.  National 
Telephone  Deferred  sto<k  keeps  very  steady  about  94.  Such,  at 
least,  is  the  price  to-night,  though  when  these  notes  appear  the 
price  will  be  more  like  19.  because  7.5  per  cent,  of  the  recent  award 
money  is  to  be  distributed  on  the  Thursday  in  this  week. 
American  Telephone  Capital  stock  and  Collateral  Trust  bonds  are 
easier,  but  Commercial  Cable  Debenture  rose  J.  Indo-Europeans 
continue  to  advance.  In  the  Eastern  group,  "  China"  shares  lost 
their  small  improvement  of  last  week.  West  India  and  Panama 
Telegraphs  shared  the  same  fate,  the  price  going  back  to  iiji. 

New  i.ssues  ar«  very  much  out  of  favour  just  now,  but  those  who 
are  on  the  look  out  for  cheap  stock  have  pnbably  noticed  the 
attractions  of  the  r>  per  cent.  Consolidated  Debenture  stock  c  ifered 
this  week  by  thp  Melbourne  Electric  Supply  Company.  Limited,  at 
9:ti  per  cent.  The  seem  it  y  is  covered  n  ai  y  times  o\er,  and  so  is 
the  interest  payment.  At  the  price  of  issue,  the  return  to  the 
investor  is  about  6J  per  cent,  on  the  money. 

The  Rubber  market  shows  a  steadier  tendency,  the  price  of  the 
raw  commodity  keeping  very  close  to  48.  per  lb.  -There  is,  however, 
very  little  doing  in  the  share  market. 


Vol.72.   No.  i.Mij,  MAitcii  11,  i«jia.]     Tati    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW, 


447 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELEGTRIOAL     COMPANIES 


EN9U8H    ELECTBICITT    HUFFLY   A^D  FOWE&   COlU'ANISh. 


Bonmemoath  ft  Poola,  Ordi    .. 

Do.     44%Prel 

Do.    Beoond  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4i%  Deb.  Btook.. 
BromptOD  A  Kensington,  Ord.. . 

Do.    T%Cum.  Pref 

Central  Eleotrlo   Bnpply,  i  %\ 

Qnikr.  Deb.  J 

Ohkrlng  OroBs,  West  End  ft  Olty 

Do.    ii  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.     '^Ollj     Undertaking") 
4i  %  Onm.  Pref.  I 

Do.  Do.  4%  Deb 

Cbelaes,  Ord 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Olty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.  4i  %  Beoond  Deb, 
Oonnt;  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do,    4{  %  Beoond  Deb, 
BdmnndBon'a,  Ord.  .. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Non-Cum.  Pref.      .. 

Do,    4i  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . . 
Folkestone 

Do.    6%  Com.  Pre! 

Do.    4i%  First  Deb 

Hove 


100 

s 

stock 


Block 

100 

10 

10 

Btook 

Stock 

£3 

6 

5 

100 

c 
s 

100 

t 


DlTidends 
tor 


J 


Oloslng 
Qnotatloni 
Mnr.  11th. 


OA—  104 
8*-  9i 
9j-  lOi 
D«  —  98 

8j-  n 


<«-  •<3 
31-  4g 
UU-  931, 
H-  68 
96  -  99 
m-  18 
12i-  18i 
116  —120 
100  —102 

112-  115 

11 3—  laj 

104  -106 
99  —102 

A-     ,'■., 

4J-  48 

11-  13 

Bl  —  84 

4-  BJ 
90  —  92 
7i-    8 


RiM 

+  or 
Fall 


-» 


-i 

+  t 


PreunI 
Yield 
p.o. 


4  a.  d. 

5  4  0 
4  14  U 
e  IT  I 
4  11  10 

6  A  8 
8  IT    g 

4  18 

5  0  0 
4  14  9 
C    2  10 

4  6  7 
4  17  6 
4  10  II 

6  0  0 
4  10  7 
4  8  4 
4  8  8 
6  1  1 
4  18  0 
4  4  n 
4    8    8 

NU 


5  7    3 

6  17  1 
4  17  7 
4  17  10 
6  12    6 


Kensington  A  Enlgbtibridfe,  Ord  S 

Do.    4  %  Deb I  Block 

Kent  Eloc.  Power,  4i%  Deb.  ..  Stock 

London  Electric,  Ord 8 

Do.    8  %  Pref 6 

Do.    4  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    . .  Block 

Metropolllftn          6 

Do.    4i  %  Com.  Pref S 

Do.    4i  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . .  Stock 

Do.    8{%  Mort.  Deb Stock 

Midland  Electric  Corporation  I 
44  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Hawcastle-onTyne  6  %  Pref., ) 
HonCum.  f 

Hortb  MelroDOlltan  Power  Sup- 1 
ply,  S  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  / 

Hotting    Hill,    6  %  Non-Cum. ) 
Pref.; 

Oxford          6 

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord.  6 

Do.    T%Pref 6 

Do.    8*%  Deb 100 

Bmlthfiefd  Markets,  Ord. 

Boutb  London,  Ord 4 

Do.    6  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    ..  100 

Boutb  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref.. . 

Do.    43  %  First  Deb.  Btook  . .  100 

Urban,  Ord £3 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 6 

Do.    4i%First  Mort.  Deb. ..  100 

Westminster,  Ord,          .,        .,  E 

Do.    4i%0am.  Piel 6 


DfTldMld* 

for 

1911. 

1 
una. 

» 

8) 

t 

t 

3 

H 

r 

6 

« 

4 

4 

41 

4 
t 

4 
4 
8 

4 

4 

6 

B 

B 

B 

6 

6 

Ti 

6t 

10 

10) 

t 

T 

H 

84 

a 

2 

6 

s 

6 

T 

1 

N^ 

4 

2 

I 

«4 

44 

10 

10 

4 

4 

Oletlnfl 
Qootslloni 
Mar.  Utfa. 


Ti-  8i 
90  —  08 
76  —  80 

14-    a 

<J-    Bi 

90-98 

4I    4t 

6T  — UO 

84  —  86 
98  -101 

994-1024 

9}-  lOJ 

6»-    6i 

8»—    9 
63—    Tixd 
84  —  87 

i-  >i 

24-  8i 
9T  -100 

at  St 

844—  8T4 
84-  9xd 
♦J-    6i 


>  or  I  TUU 
Fall  '     p.e. 


»t.d. 


•    9 

«    6 

6  la 

8  IB 
B  14 
4  6 
6    0 

4  n 

4  10 
4    1 

4    9 


4  IT  7 

6  11  7 

6    9  6 

5  11  1 
4  16  7 
4    0  6 


6  8  1 
6  0  0 
6  14  10 
4  U    3 


B  3  I 
6  11  1 
4    5    9 


COLONUL   AlfD   FOREIGN   ELECTBICITT   SUPPLY   AND   POWEB. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pref 

Oalcotta,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  Ist  Mort.  Bds. 
Canadian  Oen.  El.  Com. 

Do,    7  %  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Bleo.  Lt.  and  P.  of  Ceohabamba, ) 

1  %  Bonds ; 

Bleo.  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  1st ) 

Mort.  Deb.  t 

Bleo.  Dev.  Ontario,  6   %   1st ) 

Mort.  Bonds  J 

Ealgoorlle  Elec.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Kaminletlquia  Power,  6%  Q.  Bs. 

Madras,  Ord,  

Melbourne,  6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt„  6%  1st  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt.  ft  Power,  Common 
•    Do.    T%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  1st  Mort.  Qold  Bds. 


E 

6 

6 

84 

6 

6 

100 

6 

$100 

7 

8100 

7 

1 

B 

100 

5 

100 

6 

100 

6 

(600 

S 

10/. 

Nil 

1 

H 

(600 

S 

6 

Nil 

100 

6 

6 

$100 

4 

$100 

7 

E 

6  —    64xd 

6*—    7 

4i-    Eixc 
92  —  9i 
115  —119 
120  —124 


90  —  93 
93  —  95  xd 

101*-103i 

18-   1? 

101  -104 

81  —  84 

77  -  80 
100  —104 

93  -  96 


6  14     3 

-* 

6    1     6 

4  17    7 

6    6    6 

6  17    8 

6  18    0 

-A 

6  14     3 

6     1    0 

6    6    4 

6    7    6 

6    6    S 

NU 

9  16    2 

4  16    7 

4  16    2 

-2 

6  19    0 

—2 

6    0    0 

-1 

6  14     7 

-14 

6    5    8 

Monterey  Bly.  Light  ft  Power, ) 

6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power  . . 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal,  | 

6  %  1st  Mort.  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Roy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  % ) 

1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Sbawlnigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  let  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44%  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb, 
Vera  Cru*  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  6  % ) 
1st  Mort.  Deb.  J 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref.  . . 
West  Eootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 
Ist  Mort.  6  %  Qold  J 


100 

6 

6 

$100 

8 

9t 

$600 

6 

6a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

6 

6 

Do. 

5 

6 

100 

4 

4 

$100 

6 

6 

$600 

5 

6 

Stock 
Do. 

n 

n 

100 

6 

6 

1 

Hid. 

17|d. 

100 

6 

6 

82-85 

2k8  -283 

-2 

10  —  20 

217  -227 

105  —110 

+  1 

100  —102 

100  -102 

133  -143 

—2 

107  -103 

+  i 

101  -103 

984-10O4 

91  —  94 

a-    H 

105  - 107  xd 

6  17    8 
8  17    3 


4    8  0 

6    9  1 

4  18  0 

4    8  8 

3  10  0 

4  11  9 
4  7  5 
4    9  7 


TELEOBAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


10 

4 

*¥ 

stock 

6 

B 

$100 

B 

Bi 

$1000 

4 

4 

Stock 

8 

8 

Do. 

B 

A 

Do. 

80/. 

100 

S 

6 

6 

T 

R 

Stock 

4 

4 

10 

8 

6+ 

10 

10 

10 

S 

4 

4t 

S 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

100 

44 

4 

Stock 

T 

7t 

Do. 

84 

84 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7t 

Stock 

4 

4 

as 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

6 

K 

10 

18 

18 

ae 

18 

6t 

100 

6 

fi 

1100 

4 

4 

1 

30 

1 

IT 

7-    74 

6    0    0 

97-99 

6    1    0 

184  -186 

-^ 

6  17    8 

00  -  92 

+  1 

4    7    0 

654-  674 

4     9    0 

111  —112 

6     7    2 

24A-  24}4 

6    1    7 

994  —1014  xd 

4  18    6 

71-    7J 

6    1    7 

794-  814 

-  ^ 

4  18    9 

8i-    9i 

6    9    9   i 

16-  17 

S  17    8 

8i —     8 

6    6    8; 

6| —    6' 

7    8    2   1 

6|—    7j 

6  16    7 

99  —101 

4    9    0 

134  —137 

6    2    2 

784-  8O4 

4    6  11 

96  —  98 

4    1    8 

121-  13i 

-i 

6    4    8 

96-97 

4    2    6 

98  -101 

8  19    8 

104-  Hi 

+  » 

6    6    8  1 

124-  13 

4  13    4 

29  —  81 

6  14    3 

68  -  £0 

■t  h 

6    8    4 

82  —  81 

-l'^ 

6  19     1 

69  —  71 

+  14 

6  12    8 

44-    4| 

-A 

4  14     1 

83-   si 

-  i 

4  13  10 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord, . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

New  Tork  Telep.,  44%  Qen.  Bnde 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo. 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4%  Bed.  Deb 

Pacific  and  European  Tel.,  4  %  ] 

Quar.  liebs.  / 

Renter's  

Do.     New  Shares 
Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  % ) 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do,     4  %  Debs.,  1  to  1,600) 

guar,  by  Braz.  Bub.  Tel.  J 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  1st  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  2nd  Pref, 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Westem  Union  44  %  Fdg,  Bonda 


Amaion  Telegraph         .. 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Bed 

American  Telep.  ft  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do.    OoUat,  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  ■  Portuguese   Tel.,  E  % ) 
Mort.  Deb.  J 

Chili  Telephone 

Oommeroial  Cable,  Btlg.  4%  Oeb, 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do.    10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.     10%  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg.  Deb.  j 
Eastern  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do.    84%  Pref.  Stock.. 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Eastern  Extension  . . 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  S.  Africa  Tel.  4  %) 
Mt.  Db.  ManritiuB  Sob.  / 
Qlobe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Sreal  Northern  Telegraph       .. 
Indo-European  Telegraph 
Maokay  Companies  Common  .. 

Do,    4%  Cum,  Pref 

Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    1  %  Com,  Partlc.  Pref. 


''Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fuUy.paid.  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants.  i  Interim  Dividend. 


1 

6 

8f 

1 

6 

6 

100 

4 

4 

1 

8 

6t 

1 

A 

A 

Stock 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

lot 

10 

Cert. 

6 

A 

Stook 

4 

4 

B 

8 

S 

6 

6 

8i 

4 

100 

4 

4 

10 

n 

w 

10 

6 

K 

10 

6 

A 

100 

6 

B 

10 

7 

7t 

Stock 

4 

4 

$1000 

4 

4 

98  —  89 

1^  lA 
88-90 

974-994 
ll|-  111 

95-97 

r-  7g 

6  —      S4 

IJ-  14 

96-98 


10  —  104 
94-  10 

101  —103 
184-  18i 
96  —  97 
974-1004 


+A 

BI8  0 
6  14    8 

4  10  11 
4  8  3 
4  18  6 
4    8  11 

.. 

4    0    6 

8 10  a 

4  la  4 

4  13    9 

-'4 

6  4  11 
4  10  11 

4    8    4 

4    1    8 

-* 

B  i4  8 
6  0  0 
4  17  1 
6  3  9 
4  3  6 
4  10    0 

{  8b,  in  Ponded  Dividend  Certo, 


CONTINUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


•448 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.72.  No.  1,812,  mabchu,  1913. 


SHARE  T  LIST  ^  OF    ELECTRICAL    00MFANIES.-<O»^"<v«<f■) 

ELECTRIC  RAILWAYS   Aim   TRAMWAYS.— HOME. 


HAim, 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Bath  Trmnu.  Prel.  Ord 

Do.    6%Pret 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Brit.  Eleo.  Trmo.,  6  %  Ptef.     .. 

Do.        Do.  Deferred 

Do.         6%Cnm.Pr'(. 

7%  Non-Cam.  Pr'l. 

6  f  .  Perp.  Dob.      . . 

4i  X,  toi  Deb.      . . 

Cjntr&l  London  RaUwky,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Def 

Do.    «%Deb 

Cit7  ft  B.  London,  6  %  Pref.,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1886    .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         U08    .. 

Do.    <%Deb 

Dablln  United  Tranu,  6  %  Pref. 
Great  Northern  &  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Hastings  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4»  %  Deb 

•le  of  Toanet  Trams,  5%  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Eleo.  Railw'78,4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.  4%  Deb 


1 

1 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


10 

1 

100 


DiTldendi 
tor 


Oloelng 

Rise 

Present 

Quotations 

+  or 

Yield 

Mar.  nth. 

FaU 

P.O. 

M  1.  i. 

§=A 

NU 
6    B    1 

76-81 

6  U    1 

10  —  12 

4i-    64 
854-  884 

6  IB    7 

86-38 

91  —  96 

6    6    3 

77  —  81 

6    7    2 

78-80 

— 1 

:5    0    0 

8:1  —  85 

:4  14    2    t 

78-80 

— 1 

.5    0    0 

»S  —100 

4    0    0    i 

99  -loa 

4  18    0   ' 

59  —102 

4  18    0   , 

97  —100 

5    0    0   1 

95  —  98 

5    2    0 

97  —  99 

4    0  10 

113-  12-; 

4  18    0 

28-     2g 

Nil 

6if«=,j« 

7    7    8 
6     1     7 

24-    28 

4  16    3 

76  —  80 

6    0    0 

78-80 

6    5    0 

94  —  Bli 

4    8    4 

4i-     5 

67  -  70 

6  ii     4 

Metropolitan  Railway  Ooniol. . . 

Do.    Borplas  Landa    . . 

Do,    84%  Deb 

Do.    8i%Pref 

Do.    84  %  Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  District  Ord. 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

Do.    44%  First  Pref 

Do.    84%Qtd 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44  %  Deb 

Bonth  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground     Eleo,    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cum.  Inc.  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Bonds 

Do.    &■%  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 


DlTldends 
for 


Closing 

Rise 

Quotations 

+  or 

Mar.  lltb. 

FaU 

— 

6O4—  61 

—1 

61  -  63 

84  —  f6 

62  —  84 

81  —  83 

.t74-  :b 

-J 

186  -187 

93  —  95 

98  —100 

85  —  67 

75  —  77 

4-  a 

89  -  92 

94  —  97 

k-  u 

86-88 

6^7$* 

44-     41 

-i 

,"«-       » 

—A 

109  -lUxd 

—1 

98  -10  J 

92  -  93 

-1 

al^  nl 

80-84 

PreBBDt 
Yield 
p.c. 


8    3  9 

4    6  0 

4    1  6 

4    8  4 

4    4  4 

Nil 

4    7  7 

4    2  6 

8  19  8 

6    1  3 

4  10  11 
6  18  6 

5  14  8 

4  17  10 

5  8  1 


6  19 

6  9 

7  7 
6  14 

NU 


4  10 
6  9 
Nil 
4  13 
6    7 


ELECTRICAL   RAILWAYS   AND   TRAMWAYS.— COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN. 


Anglo- Arg.  Trams,  lit  Vret.     .. 

Do,    Snd  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Elec.  8.  A  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%2ndDeb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  \ 

Power  / 

Brisbane  Trams  Inrt.,  Ord,     . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B,  Colombia  Eleo.  Rly.,  Def.    .. 

Do.    Pret.  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    ii  %  Ut  Mort.  Deb.      . . 

Do.    44  %  Vancouver  Deb.    .. 

Do.    4}%  Con.  Deb 

Oalootta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Oape  Electric  Trams 

City  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr.  4  Lt.,  6%  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  .. 

Do.    6%  A  Deb 

Do.    8%BDeb 


s 

6 

n 

l\ 

100 

4 

4 

100 

«4 

H 

100 

b 

E 

100 

6 

6 

10 

6 

6 

100 

4 

H 

100 

6 

t 

$100 

6t 

6 

8 

8» 

6 

6 

6 

100 

*\ 

4^ 

100 

R 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

40 

*i 

4 

100 

^ 

4 

100 

4? 

4 

6 

7 

6 

S 

6 

5 

100 

1 

^ 

4 

6 

6 

6t 

100 

6 

E 

100 

B 

E 

$1000 

6 

E 

1 

Nil 

100 

6 

E 

too 

6 

8 

Mi-    6 A 

4,»,-  4}5 
904-  924 
SUA  -1004 

-A 

5    8    7 

6  14    8 

-U 

4    6    6 

4    9    7 

98  —100 

-  A 

5    0    0 

101  —103 

4  17    1 

11  —  11? 

-  4 

5    2    2 

96-98 

4  11  10 

97-99 

5    1     0 

97  —  99 

-3 

rt 

6    5    0 
4  15    8 

100  —108 

4    7    5 

134  — 139xd 

-2 

5  15     1 

114  — 119xd 

ll 

6    0  10 

103  —106 

4  14    4 

100  -103 

4    7    6 

101  -103 

4    7    6 

974-  994 

+  * 

4    5  10 

6|-    6J 
4IS-BA 

6  12    0 
4  17    7 

974—100 

+  * 

4    9    7 

a-    : 

6,',-  6)-  xd 

4    8    0 

97  —100 

6    0    0 

93-97 

6    B    1 

99  -108 

4  17    1 

8^=88* 

NU 
6  18    8 

26-35 

La  Plata  Elec.  Trms,  Ord, 

Do.    Pref.  

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Old. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  . . 
ManaoB  Trams  &  Lt.,  let  Deb. . . 
Manila  Eleo.  R.and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Gen,  Con.  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Eleo.  Rlys.  &  Lt.,  Ord.     .. 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Ist  Deb 

Perth  (W. A.)  Eleo.  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  let.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  t  Bap,,Pref. .. 

Do.    44%  let  Deb 

Bio  de  Janeiro  Trams,  let  Mort. ) 
6  %  Bonds  t 

Do.    6%  Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Paulo  Tram,  Lt.  and  P. ) 
6  %  let  Deb,  j 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb, 
Bouthem  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  6  %  Deb. 
Un.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo,  Rly.,  44  %  Deb, 


1 

NU 

1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

6+ 

1 

6 

A 

100 

6 

E 

100 

6 

E 

100 

6 

E 

•  1000 

6 

E 

$100 

7 

7t 

6 

E 

100 

6 

6 

6 

10 

lot 

E 

8 

6 

100 

6 

E 

1 

5 

64 

100 

6 

6 

E 

6 

A 

100 

^ 

*i 

6 

6 

100 

E 

6 

$500 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

E 

E 

6 

7 

«t 

5 

6 

6 

100 

6 

E 

100 

H 

4 

M-  1 
U-  li 
1-    li 

92  —  97 
102  —104 
87  —  90 

98  —100 
108  —111 

91J-  934 
97  —100 
74-  78 
4-    6i 

99  —101 

lA-  m 

105  —108 
61-    6i 

97  —  99 
101  —102 

96  —  97 
1024-1044 
86  —  90 
954-  974 

4-    4 

98  —101 

looj  -1034 


-i 
-J 
-4 

-14 

-4 


6  0  0 

4  7  8 

4  16  0 

6  8  1 


4  16 

E  11  1 

6  0  0 

6  6  3 

6  0  11 

6  0  0 

6  II  3 

6  11  V 

4  19  0 

B  14  E 

4  13  7 

6  0  0 

4  10  a 

4  18  0 

6  8  I 

4  1<  8 
6  II  I 

5  3  J 

6  4  S 
5  II  7 
4  19  0 
4  7  0 


MANUFACTURING  COMPANIES. 


Ann,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref. 

Baboook  A  WUooz 

Do.    Pref.  

British  Aluminium,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cam.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  Stk 

B.I.  A  Helsby  CablM      .. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Deb 

Brlt.rb  Thomson- Houston,  Deb. 
British  Westlngbouse,  Pret.    .. 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browelt,  Lindley,  Old 

Do.     Prof 

Brush.  7%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     , . 

Do.     41^  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb. 
C.^'lender'e  Cftlilf 

Do.     Pref.  

Do.    Eeb 

Uastner-KaUner 

Do.    Deb 


100 
100 

s 


100 
100 

1 
1 

3 
100 

too 

100 
E 
E 

too 


6 

6 

6 

38 

14t 

6 

6 

Nil 

Nil 

6 

E 

6 

6 

10 

81 

6 

6 

1 

J 

4 

4 

6 

e 

NU 

Nil 

6 

6 

n 

s 

16 

lot 

6 

6 

«4 

44 

30 

20 

t4 

4 

h-    i 

8    0    0 

722 

4    0    0 

13 —    14 

4    0    0 

5—     J 

4-    a 

91  —  94 

6    6    6 

87  —  90 

6  11     1 

8i-     89 
63-     6i 

5  15  11 

4  16    0 

102  -104 

4    6    7 

Cfi  -  98 

-m 

4  11  10 

6J"Zfit^ 

-A 

NU 
6  11     2 

100  -108 

6  16    6 

3/. -8/. 

Nil 

4/6 -E/- 

NU 

0-      i 

Nil 

73  —  78 

6    8    2 

«8  —  48xd 

10    9     4 

28-82 

14     1     4 

109-  m 

- } 

6  10    6 

4  17    7 

97  -too 

4  10    0 

8^4-  m 

E    6  10 

108—106 

4    4  11 

CromptonAOo 

Do.    Deb 

Dick,  Eerr 

Do,    Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

Edison  &  Swan,  A,  tS  paid 

Do.    folly  paid  .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Do.    6  %  Second  Deb. 
Bleotrlo  Constrnotlon    .. 

Do.    Pref 

Qreenwood  A  Batley,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

General  Eleotrio,  Pret,  . , 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Indla-Rubber,  Q,  A  T,    . . 

Do.    Pref. 
Telegraph  Oonslmotion.. 

Do.    Deb 

WlUans  A  Robinson 

Do.    Pref 

DOi    Deb 


8 

NU 

too 

E 

E 

1 

E 

Nil 

1 

6 

6 

too 

N*i^ 

44 

E 

E 

Nil 

too 

4 

4 

100 

E 

6 

3 

34 

83 

3 

7 

7 

10 

7 

t 

100 

E 

6 

10 

E 

E 

100 

4 

4 

E 

17 

6f 

E 
100 

It 

^ 

10 

''4 

10 

E 

6 

13 

174 

6» 

100 

4 

4 

1 

Nil 

E 

Nil 

too 

4 

4 

»-   g 

65  —  67 

4-       3^ 

95"  —  98  " 

A-    a 

61  —  65 
73  —  75 

il—     2 

74—  8 
93  —  94 
10  —  lOJ 
90  —  95 
18  —  133 

*i—  64 
101  —108 
10  —  11 

9  —  10 
86  —  88 
954—  984 


-^ 


+  4 


NU 

9  15    6 

7  '7    8 

4  11  10 

HH 
6    8    I 

6  18    4 

5  14    1 

7  0  0 

8  E  B 

6  4  1 
4  13  0 
4  4  8 
6  6  8 
4  7  10 
4  7  B 
6  16  4 
6  0  0 
6  16  8 
4    1  8 

mi 

NO 

6  IE    7 


Unlesa  otheiwia«  stated,  ail  shares  are  foUy  paid,       t  Interim  dividend.        :  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Electric  Railways. 


Bank  rate  of  Discount  5  per  cent.,  October  17th,  1912. 


Vol.  7L'.     No.  I.KIL",  Maiich   II,  I9i;».] 


THE    ELEOTRICAJi    REVIEW. 


19 


TRADE    STATISTICS    OF    SPAIN. 


The  fl|;urcH  Kivun  bolow  Bhow  the  iinporttt  uf  oloctrioal  and  Hiniilar 
iroodfi  into  Spain  diirin);  the  yeiir  llill,  accorilinu  to  Iho  oflioiul 
HiatigticH  recently  iHBued.  Jt  will  bo  olwcrvcd  that  there  in  a 
predominunoe  of  (ierniaii  trade  in  pruoticuUy  every  bruncli. 
The  fiffureH  for  IIMO  are  piven  for  purponeH  of  compariHon,  and 
noten  of  incrcasoH  and  docreaseB  have  been  added  ; — 


1«10. 

I'eBetas. 

Dyuamos,  f/rc/ric  iiio/oni,  induction 
ttoih,  rrxi.s/a/icc.i,  travs/ornifrit, 
<<•(•.,  ii/>  to  400  ky.  wehjiit.— 

From  Germany     2,867,000 

„      France        410,000 

„      Great  IJritain         ...  320,000 

Switzerland            ...  6,000 


Other  countries 


Total 


1911. 

PcsotaH. 


3,173,000 
453.000 
324,000 
177,000 


+ 


III-,  or  tific. 
I'eHetaH. 


;il  (1,000 

43,ltOO 

4,000 

171,000 


272,000*       174,000         —    .98,000 


..      3,865,000 
Sweden,  141,000. 


JJitto,  itrii/Zihi;/  tri'iii  401  to2,r>00  Itij.- 


From  Germany     ... 

-  ,,      France 
,,      Great  Britain 
,,      Switzerland 
,,      Other  countries 


2,092,00(1 
342,000 
'226.000 
130,000 
146,000 


1,301,000 


2,27S,(((lO 
240,000 
333,000 
187,000 
14r,,(J0O 


Total         ...      2,936,000 
Jhtto.  in'if//uiiff/roiii  2,501  to  5,000  Itg.— 
From  Germany     527,000 


Switzerland 
Other  countries 

Total 


82,000 
170,000 


-.45,000 

231,000 

(;2,000 


779,000         838,000 


Ditto,  wi'i///iiiii/  more  than  5,000  i//. — 

From  Germany     1,714,000 

„      France        91,000 

,,      Great  Britain        ...  207,000 

„      Switzerland           ...  575,000 

,,      Other  countries     ...  44,000 


3,065,000 

142,000 

194,000 

542,000 

17,000 


Total        ...      2,631,000 
Acciiiiiulators  and  electric  liatterie.s. — 

101,000 
56,000 
10,000 


From  Germany     ... 
„      France 
,,      Great  Britain 


Other  countries 


Total 


11,000 


lis,  000 

46,000 

8,000 

20,000 


Cables  and  wires/or  electricity,  with  or  vittiovt 
insvlating  material,  of  \  cm.  dia.  or  more. — 


Total 


366,000         249,000 


Ttlegriiph  and  telep/tone  apjMratiis, 
electric  meter.''  and  parts. — 


+    436,000 


1 76,000 

102,000 

107,000 

57,000 

1,000 


3,183,000         +    247,000 


+  18,000 

+  149,000 

—  108,000 

+  59,000 


+  1,351,000 
-r       .-.1,000 

—  1 3,000 

—  33,000 

—  27,000 


3,960,000         +1,329,000 


+  12,000 

—  10.000 

—  2,000 
+  9,000 


178,000         1.S7,000         +        9,000 


From  Germany 

„      Great  Britain 

„      Other  countries    ... 

751,000 

37,000 

232,000 

1,381,000 
18,000 
74.000 

+ 

630,000 

19,000 

158,000 

Total 

1,020,000 

1,473,000 

+ 

453,000 

Ditto.  /i".«.v  than  1  cm.  in  dia. — 

From  Germany    

,,      France        

,,      Great  Britain 

,,      Other  countries    ... 

173,000 
98,000 
22,000 
73,000 

135,000 
78,000 
20.000 
16,000 

- 

38,000 

20.000 

2,000 

57,000 

117,000 


From  Germany 

913,000 

1,106,000 

+ 

193,000 

•.,      Belgium     

38,000 

12.3,000 

+ 

85,000 

,,      France        

238,000 

259.000 

+' 

21.000 

„      Great  Britain 

168,000 

166,000 

— 

2,000 

,,      Sweden 

181,000 

97,000 

_ 

84.000 

„      Other  countries    .. 

53,000 
.      1,591,000 

37,000 

+ 

16,000 

Total 

1,788,000 

197,000 

Arc  lamps. — 

From  Germany     

252,000 

150,000 

102.0nO 

France        

74,000 

30,000 

— 

44,000 

„      Great  Britain 

23,000 

18,000 

— 

•    5,000 

,,      Other  countries     .. 

14,000 
363,000 

11.000 

3,000 

Total 

209,000 

154,000 

t'arhons  for  arc  lamji.<!. — 

From  Germany 

104,000 

103,000 

— 

1,000 

,,      France        

17,000 

22,000 

+ 

5,000 

,,      Great  Britain 

6,000 

5.000 

— 

1,000 

„      Other  countries     .. 

7,000 

3,000 

— 

4,000 

FAectnidcK.    - 

From  Germany    ... 
„      Italy 
„      Other  countricM 

Total 


lUlO. 

I'PH(!ta(4. 

71,000 
19,000 
73,0<Mr 

166,000 
•  Kmnei!,  fiS.OfX) 


lt>ll. 

I'ewjtiu'.. 

3/5,000 
84, WO 
1  1,000 


ncandenceiit  electric  lamjiK  mounted. — 

From  Germany    ... 
,,      France 
„      Great  Uritain 
„      Other  countries 


2,208,000  3,318,000 

130,(KjO  152,000 

87,000  60,000 

22(;,000'  173,000 


Total 


Ditto,  Unmounted. — 

From[Germany 

„      France        

„      Other  countries     .. 

Total 
Hydra  nlic  motors. — 

From  Germany 

France 
,,      Great  Britain 

Switzerland 
„      Other  countries     .. 

Total 
Steam  and  yas  engines.  fi.eed.- 

From  Germany     

„      Great  Britain 

„      France        

„      Belgium 

„      Other  countries     ... 

Total 
Cylindrical  ■•tteam  boilers, — 
From  Germany     ... 
,,      Great  Britain 
„      France 
,,      Belgium 
„      Other  countries 

Total 
Multi-tubular  boilers. — 

From  Great  Britain 
,,  Germany  ... 
„      Belgrium 

,,      France        

,,      Other  countries    ... 


..      2,651,000  3,733,000 

Austria,  va.nOO. 

18,000  8,000 

—  1,000 

4,000  1,000 


22,000 


640,000 
92,000 
47,000 

120,000 
86,000 


io;ooo 


1,192,000 

134,000 

92,000 

110,000 

1 3,000 


936,000 

1.474,000 

32.3,000 

222,000 

54.000 


1,018,000 
857,000 
184,000 
175.000 
105,000 


.361,000 

620,000 

107.000 

226,000 

32.000 


483,000 
696.000 
189.000 
122,000 
14,000 


1,346,000   1,504,000 


1.779,000 

503,000 

189,000 

298,000 

71,000 


2,062,000 

629,000 

181,000 

28.5,000 

26,000 


,ir.  i,r  dec. 
\'rr.eta*. 

.39,000 
16.000 
6»,000 


—   83,000 


+  1,140,000 
22,000 
27,000 
63,000 


+  1,082,(X)0 


10,000 
1,000 
.3,000 

12,000 


552,000 
42.000 
45,000 
10.000 
73,000 


985,000   1,541,000    +  556.000 


82,000 
."51 7.000 
1 39,000 
47,000 
51.000 


3,009,000   2,339,000^   —  670,000 


+  122,000 

+  76,000 

+  82.000 

—  104,000 

—  18,000 

+  158,000 


+  283,000 

+  126,000 

—  8,000 

—  13,000 

—  45,000 


Total         ...      2,840,000      3,183,000         +     343,000 
Note. — 25  pesetas  =  £1. 


THE   PROPOSED   TROLLHATTAN- 
COPENHAGEN  TRANSMISSION. 


Total 


134,000        133,000 


1,000 


In  connection  with  the  above  proposal,  to  which  reference  was 
made  in  our  issue,  of  December  20th  last,  some  interesting  data 
arising  from  the  investigations  carried  out  by  Swedish  Government 
experts  were  recently  published  in  the  Electrical  World. 

The  city  and  suburbs  of  Copenhasen  have  a  population  of 
581,000  and  are  at  present  served  by  three  central  steam  si ations, 
and  a  number  of  isolated  plants.  Extensions  or  improvements  of 
these  stations  were  not  considered  for  the  purpose  of  furnishing 
the  whole  supply,  but  in  case  energy  should  be  purchased  from 
Trollhattan,  it  is  proposed  to  retain  these  stations  with  their 
storage-battery  equipments  in  case  of  interruptions  on  the  high- 
voltage  systfm,  and  alfo  for  carrying  the  peak  load.  The  Troll- 
hattan plant  is  designed  for  100,000  HP.,  generated  by  ten  IO.OOO-h.p. 
turbo-generators,  of  which  eight  are  now  installed.  The  remaining 
two  units  could  be  used  for  the  generation  of  energy  for  sale  to 
Copenhagen.  During  1911,  when  the  investigation  was  made,  the 
demand  in  Copenhagen  was  about  24,000  kw.,  and  the  yearly 
energy  consumption  65,000,000  Kw.-hours.  The  load  factor  was 
about  31  per  cent.  The  demand  for  1913  is  estimated  to  be  about 
35,000  KW.,  and  the  yearly  energy  consumption  about  95,000,000 
KW.-hours. 

In  planning  a  transmission  system  from  Trollhattan  to  Copen- 
hagen, a  distance  of  204  miles,  a  matter  of  primary  importance  was 
the  amount  of  energy  which  could  be  transmitted  with  greatest 
advantage.     On  account  of  the  length  of  the  tranemiseion  line,  and 


450 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.        [voi.72.  no.  i,842,  mabch  u,  1913. 


the  consequent  larg'e  expenditure  involved,  a  comparatively  larg;e 
load  factor  wonid  be  essential  in  order  to  make  the  project  com- 
mercially SDCcessful.  To  supply  the  whole  demand  at  a  load-factor 
of,  say,  30  per  cent,  wuiild  not  be  feasible,  as  the  price  in  that  case 
wonld  be  considerably  higher  than  that  of  enerpy  generated  by  a 
steam  plant  in  Copenhat^en.  Farther  investigations  proved  that 
one-third  of  the  maximum  demand,  or  about  ll.tiOO  Kw.,  would  be 
re<|uired  durinp  .").2oO  hours.  As  this  corresponds  to  20,000  h.p.  at 
Trollbattan,  which  is  equal  to  the  output  of  the  two  available 
^eneratiu^  unite,  the  calculations  were  made  on  that  basis. 

The  route  of  the  proposed  transmission  line  is  aloner  the  west 
coast  of  Sweden  from  Gothenburg  to  Helsinpborg,  where  it  crosses 
the  Strait  of  Oresund  to  Helsingor,  and  thence  along  the  coast  of 
Denmark  to  Copenhafren.  Both  altematinp-current  and  direct- 
current  systems  were  considered  for  (jreneration  and  transmission. 
At  present  I'.Vcycle  altematiDgf  current  is  generated  at  Trollhiittau 
and  .")0-cycle  alternating  current  at  Copenhagen. 

Three-phase  generating  equipment  and  transmission  lines  involve 
the  installation  of  turbines,  three-phase  generators,  transformers, 
transmission  line,  submarine  cables,  and  transformer  stations  in 
Ilelsingborp,  Helsineor  and  Copenhagen,  and  frequency  changers  in 
Copenhagen.  At  Helsingborg  it  is  proposed  to  step  down  the 
pres.xnre  to  20,H00  volts,  and  to  carry  the  energy  by  four  three-phase 
submarine  cables  across  the  Strait  of  Oresund  to  Helsingor,  a  dis- 
tance of  Ti  miles.  From  Ilelsingor  to  Copenhagen  either  20,000 
volts  or  100,000  volts  can  be  used,  the  latter  being  the  more 
economical. 

It  the  generators  have  an  eflBciency  of  '.»6  per  cent.,  all  the  trans- 
formers Of  5  per  cent,  and  the  frequency  changers  at  Copenhagen 
I'O  per  cent.,  there  would  be  available  for  distribution  at  10,000 
volts  ll,t;00  KW.  at  25  cycles,  or  10,440  KW.  at  a  frequency  of 
50  cycles. 

A  plan  for  the  generation  of  25-cycle  alternating  current  at 
Trollbiittan  and  its  conversion  to  direct  current  for  transmission 
was  studied.  Kither  impregnated  wooden  poles  or  iron  poles  might 
be  employed  and  an  earth  return.  Estimates  were  made  for  this 
as  well  as  for  ordinary  metallic-return  systems.  For  the  direct- 
current  generators  and  motors  a  constant  current  of  1 5u  amperes 
was  proposed,  which,  with  a  total  of  14,720  kw.  at  the  turbines 
and  a  maximum  e.m.f.  of  ;tl,250  volts,  could  be  obtained  with  20 
4,5fi0-volt  generators.  The  generators  would  be  arranged  in  four 
groups,  each  having  five  generators  in  series,  and  each  group  would 
be  connected  to  a  5, 000- h.p.  turbine. 

The  eflBciency  of  the  direct-current  generators  and  motors  was 
assumed  to  be  '.i:-t  per  cent.,  that  of  alternating-current  generators 
lit)  per  cent,  and  that  of  alternating-current  motors  94  per  cent. 
The  advantages  claimed  for  the  direct-current  system  are  : — Simpli- 
city in  operation  of  generating  equipment  and  buildiog  of  trans- 
mission lines,  the  pressure  on  the  latter  corresponding  to  only 
64,000  volts  alternating  ;  elimination  of  trouble  from  voltage 
variations  due  to  varying  load  (the  current  is  automatically  kept 
constant  at  the  power  stations)  ;  high-pressure  underground  and 
submarine  cables  can  be  used  wherever  necessary  ;  simple  protection 
against  lightning  and  other  disturbances  ;  a  certain  amount  of 
reserve  in  the  earth-return  system  by  using  two  wires,  of  which 
one  will  be  able  to  carry  the  load  temporarily  In  case  of  emergency. 
The  only  apparent  disadvantage  of  the  direct-current  system,  it  was 
pointed  out,  is  that  relatively  little  is  known  about  the  operation  of 
the  system. 


and  more  expensive  sets  with  the  direct-current  scheme.  Two 
three-phase  sets  were  sufficient  for  the  alternating-current  plan, 
while  the  Thury  system  required  20  generators  in  four  groups, 
each  coupled  to  a  5,000- h.p.  turbine.  In  the  line  structure  the 
tables  were  completely  turned,  the  cost  of  the  direct-current  line 
being  only  about  half  that  of  the  alternating-current  line,  not 
even  taking  into  account  the  diflference  in  the  cost  of  the  cables 
and  the  presence  of  at  least  one  extra  transformer  station  in  the 
alternating-current  project.  The  cables  for  the  three-phase  trans- 
mission cost  2{  times  as  much  as  did  the  direct-current 
cables.  iThe  gra6d  total  for  the  alternating-current  project 
reached  $1,593,000,  as  against  81,202,000  for  the  direct-current  pro- 
ject advised.  When  everything  was  footed  up  for  the  rival  projects 
the  estimated  annual  expense  for  the  direct-current  transmission 
was  $(175  per  kw.,  as  against  81243  per  KW.  for  the  three-phase 
project,  to  say  nothing  of  the  fact  that  the  multiple  transforma- 
tions necessary  with  the  latter  would  cause  it  to  operate  at  a  lower 
efficiency,  thus  yielding  a  materially  smaller  amount  of  power  for 
the  final  distribution.  AU  this  is  striking  evidence  of  the  great 
usefulness  of  direct-current  transmission  under  conditions  which 
are  favourable  to  its  economical  use. 


NEW    WIRELESS    DETECTORS. 


The  application  of  the  Fleming  valve  as  a  wireless  detector  is  well 
known ;  electrons  are  readily  emitted  from  the  cathode,  and 
convey  the  negative  charge  thence  through  the  vacuum,  but  the 
high-frequency  current  in  the  detector  circuit  cannot  flow  appre- 
ciably in  the  opposite  direction.  In  other  words,  the  "  valve  "  has 
unilateral  conductivity,  whence  its  name.  Such  detectors  are 
very  sensitive,  but  the  vacuum  limits  the  durability  of  the  apparatus, 
and  with  a  view  to  overcoming  this  objection,  Leithatiser*  has 
recently  applied  the  unilateral  conductivity  of  flames  to  the  design 
of  a  sensitive  detector. 

The  experimental  apparatus  employed  comprised  a  small  induc- 
tion coil  connected  to  a  5-mm.  gap  between  two  l'."i-m.  wires  with 
end  capacity-plates.  At  a  distance  of  from  33  to  65  ft.  a  similat 
receiving  circuit  was  connected  to  the  electrodes  of  a  flame 
detector.  A  Bec-Meker  burner  was  used  to  provide  a  steady  flame 
of  great  intensity,  with  a  small  bright  blue  inner  cone.  The  elec- 
trodes used  were  a  1-mm.  copper  wire  and  a  ring  of  sheet  platinum 
covered  with  a  potassium  salt  (the  object  of  which  was  simply 
to  increase  the  conductivity  of  the  flame).  These  electrodes  were 
connected  through  a  high-resistance  telephone  to  the  terminals 
of  a  resistance  of  some  few  ohms,  across  which  a  suitable  p.d. 
could  be  maintained  and  varied  by  a  local  battery  in  series  with 
an  ^adjustable  resistance.  Later,  a  high-sensitivity  moving  coil 
galvanometer  was  also  connected  in  the  detector  circuit  and,  at 
times,  the  telephone  was  replaced  by  an  Edelmann  vibration  galva- 
nometer. Experiments  showed  that  the  efficacy  of  the  detector 
depended  largely  on  the  dimensions  and  relative  positions  of  the 
electrodes,  and  on  the  size  of  the  flame  and  its  temperature  round 


SUMMABT  OF  COST   ESTIMATES  FOB  VARIOUS  SYSTEMS  OF  TRANSMISSION   FROM  TBOLLHATTA.V  TO  COPENHAGEN. 


Withoot  freqaenoy-converter  Btation  at 

With  converter  station  at  Copenhagen 

Copenbagen. 

or  changing  to  £0  cycles. 

System  ol  generation  and 

KW.  avail- 

Total 

Annual  expenses. 

KW.  avail 

Total 

Annual  expenses. 

able  at 
Copenhagen. 

cost  of 
installatien. 

able  at 
Copenhagen. 

cost  of 
installation. 

Total. 

Per  KW. 

Total. 

Per  KW. 

Generating  and  transmitting  A.c.   ... 

11,600 

81,431,500 

$144,800 

$12.43 

10,440 

SI, .593,000 

$163,300 

916.66 

Generating  and  transmitting  D.c.  : — 

Wooden-pole  transmission  line  :  earth  retnm 

12,615 

864,700 

87,800 

6.95 

11,225 

1,202,000 

12.5,400 

ll.lti 

Metallic  retnm       

12.170 

1,320,900 

121.500 

10  00 

10,830 

1,643,700 

157,300 

14.52 

Iron-pole  transmission  line :  earth  retnm     ... 

12,615 

931,400 

93.200 

7.38 

11,225 

1,269,200 

130,500 

11.61 

Metallic  return        

12,170 

1,390,900 

127,400 

10.48 

10,830 

1,715,300 

163,300 

15.09 

Generating  a.c.  and  transmitting  d.c.  : — 

Wooden-pole  transmission  line :  earth  return 

11,280 

1,039,600 

108,100 

9.61 

10,040 

1,350,600 

141,800 

14.12 

Metallic  return        

10,830 

1,485,300 

141,800 

13.07 

9,640 

1,782.700 

174,.i00 

18.10 

Iron-pole  transmission  line  :   earth  return    ... 

11,280 

1,107.600 

11. 3,. 500 

10.09 

10,040 

1,418,600 

147,200 

14.68 

Metal  licTetum       

10,830 

1,564,600 

148,100 

13.68 

9,640 

1,862,000 

180,800 

18.75 

In  its  comments  on  the  project,  oac  contemporary  points  out  that 
to  cross  the  Strait,  :ij  miles  wide,  with  cable.'*  carrying  alternating 
current  at  100.000  volts,  was  adjudged  an  utterly  impracticable 
proposition.  It  therefore  became  necessary  to  plan  for  a  reducing 
station  at  Helsingborg,  bringing  the  pressure  down  to  20,000  volts 
for  transmission  under  the  strait,  beyond  which  it  could  either  con- 
tinue the  relatively  short  distance  to  Copenhagen  at  20,000  volts,  or 
the  electromotive  force  could  be  stepped  up  again  if  desirable.  On 
the  other  hand,  submarine  cable  can  au;tually  be  obtained  for  90,000 
volts  direct  current,  according  to  the  report  of  the  Swedish 
engineers,  and  consequently  the  energy  could  be  carried  through  to 
Copenhagen  without  any  reduction  in  voltage  on  account  of  the 
hubmarine  work.  This  matter  alone  put  the  alternating-current 
project  at  a  serious  disadvantage,  rendered  even  more  formidable  by 
the  facility  with  which  an  earthed  line  can  be  used  in  operating 
at  constant  current. 

In  the  generating  station  the  three-phase  etiuipment  had  the 
advantage  in  first  cost,  as  might  have  been  expected,  to  the  extent 
of  nearly  30  per  cent.,  owing   to  the  necessity  of  using  more  units 


about  the  electrodes,  A  current-voltage  curve  was  'prepared  when 
working  under  the  most  favourable  adjustments,  and  the  steep 
rise  and  sharp  change  of  this  current  proved  the  rectifying  action 
of  the  detector  to  be  very  pronounced.  That  phase,  corresponding 
to  which  the  platinum  electrode  was  positive,  was  almost  entirely 
suppressed,  but  the  other  phase  was  carried  with  high  conductivity. 
The  delicacy  of  the  detector  was  at  least  ecfual  to  that  of  a  sensi- 
tive electrolytic  valve,  and  was  usually  greater. 

The  Telefunken  Gesell.  fiir  Drahtlose  Telegraphie  now  employs 
Schlomilch  electrolytic  detectors  in  a  form  which  overcomes  the 
chief  objections  hitherto  urged  Against  this  type,  viz. : — (1)  The 
deterioration  of  the  platinum  electrodes  after  considerable  use, 
which  deterioration  necessitates  the  replacement  of  the  detector 
as  a  whole,  and,  generally,  the  return  of  the  defective  apparatus  to 
the  makers  for  repair  ;  (2)  leakage  of  acid  through  crevices  when 
the  detector  is  inverted,  as  often  occurs  in  transit. 

*  See  also  "Phys.  Zeitachr.,"  No.  18,  1912,  and  "Zeitaobr.  ftir 
Schwachstromtechnik,"  No.  2,  1913. 


Vol.72.  No.  1.843,  MAncH  14,  1913.]      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


461 


Tho  now  dotootor  illuMlratod  in  tho  a()corn[»itiyinif  MkolohoH  ooin- 
pri«OH  throi)  Huhlumiloli  coIIh  nuliiitinK  from  the  orosM  tulio,  ni 
shown.  The  whole  iflasH  nyHtoin  Ih  henneticuUy  Hiialed,  and  con- 
neotiona  arc  made  to  the  terminal  end  capH  by  fiiHcd-in  platinum 
wires  ;  Hutilcient  acid  ii)  contained  to  till  one,  and  one  only,  of  the 
colls.  The  latter  are  inclined  at  lliO*  to  each  other,  ho  that  when 
one  is  vortical  (an  in  uho),  tho  other  two  are  completely  drained  of 


New  Schlomilch  Electrolytic  Detector. 


acid.  If  one  cell  fails  or  becomes  insensitive,  it  is  only  necessary 
to  rotate  the  system  through  120°,  to  substitute  another  cell  in 
circuit  without  appreciable  interruption  of  working^.  In  order 
that  the  cells  may  be  distinguished  (for  experimental  and  main- 
tenance record  purposes)  Roman  numerals  I,  II  and  III  are  marked 
on  the  end  caps. 

Two  springy  strips  carry  current  to  the  end  caps  on  the  cross 
tube  and  also  act  as  pedestals  to  the  latter,  the  end  caps  being  pro- 
vided with  suitable  bearing  bosses.  The  whole  is  mounted  on  a 
vulcanite  block,  which  has  the  same  shape  and  dimensions  as  the 
old  type  of  Schlomilch  detector,  and  which  can  therefore  be  fitted 
at  once  to  receiving  sets  designed  for  the  latter. 

In  no  resppct  is  the  manipulation  of  the  new  detector  more 
complicated  than  that  of  the  earlier  type.  In  both  cases,  it  is,  of 
course,  imperative  that  the  polarity  of  the  connections  be  correct. 
The  electrode  fu^ed  in  the  glass  must  be  connected  to  the  positive 
and  the  free  electrode  to  the  negative  terminal  of  the  local  battery. 
So  far  as  the  detector  itself  is  concernea,  correct  connection  is 
ensured  by  a  different  formation  of  the  cap  bosses,  so  that  the 
tube  cannot  accidentally  be  mounted  incorrectly  in  the  pedestal 
prongs. 

The  battery  circuit  connections,  the  p.d.  required  by  the  cell, 
and  the  electrical  characteristics  of  the  latter,  are  identical  with 
the  attributes  and  conditions  of  use  of  the  earlier  type. 


PAYMENT     FOR    CONTRACT    WORK. 


[by  our  legal  contributor.] 


The  question  sometimes  arises  in  relation  to  works — when 
is  payment  due  ?  If  there  is  nothing  amounting  to  a  con- 
tract to  complete  the  works  before  remuneration  shall  be  due 
— as  in  the  case  of  a  shipwright  undertaking,  in  the 
way  that  shipwrights  ordinarily  do.  to  put  a  vessel  in  repair 
— the  contractor  may,  after  he  has  proceeded  with  a  portion 
of  the  work,  refuse  to  continue  it,  unless  he  is  paid  for  the 
work  he  has  performed  ;  and  may  recover  to  that  extent 
(Roberts  r.  Havelock,  1832  3  B  and  Aid.  404).  In  general, 
if  the  contract  is  not  entire  {i.e.,  to  do  the  whole  work  for 
a  lump  sum),  and  can  be  divided,  the  Court  will  give  relief 
to  the  contractor  who  has  done  part  of  the  works.  In  con- 
tracts for  large  works  it  would  be  difficult,  if  not  impossible, 
for  the  contractor  to  carry  through  the  work  unaided  from 
the  start.  Provision  is,  therefore,  made  for  payment  by  in- 
stalments, either  (/')  at  certain  stages  of  the  work  ;  (ii)  by 
payments  of  certain  fixed  sums  as  they  become  due  ;  or  {Hi)  by 
payment  of  a  percentage  at  certain  periods.  Thus,  to  illus- 
trate the  latter  case,  it  might  be  arranged  that  at  the  end  of 
the  first  three  months  the  contractoi-  should  be  entitled  to 
7b  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  work  actually  done.  * 

While  a  contractor  is  bound  to  con^'orm  to  the  specification, 
he  cannot  rely  on  that  document  in  order  to  excuse  himself 
from  doing  something  which  is  essential  to  the  completed 
work.  For  instance,  in  Williams  r.  Fitzmaurice,  1858, 
8  H.  &  N.  Sii,  the  plaintiff  agreed  to  build  a  house  for  the 
defendant,  who  prepared   a   specification   which  contained 


jiiirticiiiiirH  of  tli<;  difTirctit  mrtiorin  of  llif  work.  I'ndcr 
the  li<!ttd  "  CurfWMitcT  und  .Joiner,"  tlnre  wiui  npccKied  the 
Hciiiitling  of  the  joints  of  the  ililTerent  floort,  th»;  rafteni 
ri(ig<!,  iind  wall  pitcoH,  but  no  riientioM  was  miide  of  the 
flooring.  Tli(!  s|)e<:ili(:ution  htated  that  "  the  whole  of  the 
maUTiuJH  mentioned  or  oth'-rwiBC  in  the  forcffoinir  i»arti- 
cuhuH,  nccessaiy  for  tlie  a>mpletion  of  the  work,  muHt  be 
[)rovid(d  by  the  c<>ntra':t<^)r.  Tlie  Hfx;cificatioii  ttlw)  wn- 
tained  a  memorandum  U)  the  elTect  that  "  The  houHC  Ih  U) 
be  completed  imd  fit  for  the  defendant's  oc<JUf«tion  by  the 
1st  Auf^ust,  !«.'■)«."  ft  wafl  held  that  the  plaintiff  was 
liable  to  put  in  the  flooring. 

A  contract  for  works  may  consist  of  an  entire  job  for 
which  the  contractor  is  to  be  paid  a  lump  sum.  In  that 
case  he  cannot  sue  or  recover  the  lump  sum  until  the  work 
is  completed.  Where,  however,  the  work  is  wiverabie  into 
parts  which  are  to  be  paid  for  separately,  w)mpietion  of  one 
part  may  enable  the  contractor  to  sue  for  the  amount  then 
due.  Another  form  of  contract  provides  for  the  execution 
of  a  piece  of  work,  no  mention  of  a  pric«."  being  made.  It 
will  be  convenient  to  deal  with  and  illustrate  these  three 
forms  of  contract  separately. 

Where  a  contract  to  build  for  a  lump  sum  is  abandoned 
after  part  execution,  the  l)uilder  cannot  recover  as  U[x5n  a 
quanlum  meruit  in  respect  of  the  part  executed,  as  was  held  in 
a  case  where  the  employer  himself  completed  the  building 
(Sumpter  v.  Hedges,  lx!)8,  l.C^.B.  (173).  So  in  the  case  of 
a  contract  to  carry  out  an  engineering  work  for  a  lump  sum 
it  would  be  no  answer  for  the  contractor,  who  has  not  com- 
pleted, to  allege  that  the  work  as  done  will  be  worth  so 
much  to  the  employer.  He  must  carry  out  this  contract  to 
the  letter.  ■  If  he  does  not  do  so  he  stands  to  lose,  not  only 
the  contract  price,  but  the  entire  value  of  the  materials  used 
and  the  cost  of  work  and  labour  expended. 

A  lump  sum  contract  cannot  be  said  to  be  completed 
when  that  which  is  really  done  is  done  in  pursuance  of  a 
fresh  contract.  In  Humphreys  r.  .Tones  and  Pickering  (1850, 
5  Ex.  952),  two  persons  entered  into  a  joint  agreement  with 
a  railway  company  to  execute  a  contract  called  the  Morley 
Contract,  for  the  construction  of  a  tunnel.  After  this  agree- 
ment one  of  the  parties  (A)  assigned  all  his  right  and  interest 
to  the  other  (B),  and  the  latter  agreed  to  pay  A  a  given  sum 
"  on  completion  of  the  said  contract."  After  this  agreement 
had  been  entered  into  between  A  and  B  it  became  necessary 
to  alter  the  levels  of  the  line,  and  B,  by  agreement  with  the 
company,  abandoned  the  contract,  and  another  was  entered 
into  between  the  company  and  other  persons  under  which 
the  tunnel  at  the  altered  level  was  completed.  It  was  held 
that  completion  of  the  second  contract  did  not  involve 
completion  of  the  first. 

In  Forman  &  Co.  v.  Liddlesdale  (1900,  A.C.  190),  the 
plaintiffs  contracted  with  the  agent  of  an  absent  shipowner 
to  effect  certain  specified  repairs  to  a  ship  (all  confined  to 
damage  by  stranding),  and  instead  of  doing  the  work  as 
stipulated,  alleged  that  they  had  on  the  agent's  authority, 
done  the  equivalent  thereto  or  better,  and  in  the  same  con- 
tract stipulated  that  they  should  be  paid  for  repairs  due  to 
deterioration  at  scheduled  prices  stated  by  them.  It  was 
held  that  as  it  appeared  that  the  agent's  authority  to  their 
knowledge  was  Umited  to  the  specified  repaii-s,  they  could  not 
recover  on  the  contract,  which  was  an  entire  one,  and  in  its 
entirety  had  never  been  performed.  It  was  further  held 
that  the  mere  fact  of  the  shipowners  having  taken  the  ship 
as  repaired  did  not  thereby  ratify  the  contract.  In  that  case 
the  original  contract  price  was  £5,995  lOs.,  which  the 
plaintiffs  sought  to  increase  to  £15,567  8s.  7d.  by  a  claim 
for  work  not  included  in  the  contract  and  for  other  repairs. 

In  Appleby  v.  Myers,  ISGG,  2  C.  and  P.  1)51  the  plaintiff 
contracted  with  the  defendants  to  erect  upon  premises  in 
his  possession  a  steam  engine  and  machinery,  the  works 
being  by  the  contract  divided  into  10  different  *parts,  and 
separate  prices  fixed  upon  each  part,  no  time  being  fixed  for 
payment.  All  the  parts  were  far  advanced  towards  comple- 
tion, and  some  of  them  were  so  nearly  finished  that  the 
defendant  had  used  them  for  the  purposes  of  his  business,  but 
no  one  of  them  was  absolutely  complete,  though  a  consider- 
able portion  of  the  necessary  materials  for  that  purpose  were 
in  the  building.  At  this  time  the  whole  premises,  with  the 
machinery  and  materials,  were  destroyed  by  an  accidental 
fire.     The  plaintiffs  sued  to  recover  either  the  whole  price 


452 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIE"W.     [voi.  72.  No.  1,842,  march  u,  1913. 


or  the  proper  valne  of  the  work  which  had  been  done'.  It 
was  held  that,  by  reason  of  the  tire,  both  parties  were  excused 
from  tlie  further  perforiuancc  of  tlie  contrsict,  but  that  the 
plaintifTs  were  not  entitled  to  sue  in  respect  of  those  portions 
of  the  work  which  had  been  completed,  whether  the  materials 
used  had  become  the  property  of  the  defendant  or  not. 
TiOrd  JMackbnrn  said  •  "  The  plaintiffs  having  contracted  to 
do  an  entire  work  for  a  specific  sum,  can  recover  nothing 
nnless  the  work  be  done,  or  it  can  be  shown  that  it  was  the 
defendants'  fault  that  the  work  was  incomplete,  or  that  there 
is  something  to  justify  the  conclnsion  that  the  parties  have 
entered  into  a  fresh  contract." 

As  has  already  been  indicated,  if  a  contract  is  severable, 
the  contractor  may  sue  in  respect  of  the  amount  of  work 
which  he  has  done.  For  instance,  in  Newfoundland 
Government  /■.  Newfoundland  Railway  Co.,  1888,  13  A.C., 
200,  by  a  contract  in  1881  embodied  in  a  statute,  the 
plaintiflF  company  covenanted  to  complete  a  railway  in  five 
years,  and  thereafter  to  maintain  and  continually  operate  it. 
In  consideration  of  this,  the  Oovernment  covenanted  to  pay 
the  company  upon  the  construction  an  annual  subsidy.  It 
appeared  that  the  company  completed  a  portion  of  the  line. 
and  received  from  the  (iovernment  on  the  completion  of 
each  five-mile  section  the  proportionate  part  of  the  subsidy 
which  was  deemed  by  the  parties  to  attach  thereto.  There- 
after, the  contract  was  broken  by  the  company,  and  the 
Government  refused  further  payments.  It  was  held  that  on 
the  true  construction  of  the  contract :  {a)  Each  claim  to  a 
grant  of  land  was  complete  from  the  time  when  the  section 
which  earned  it  was  completed  ;  {b)  on  the  completion  of 
each  section  a  proportionate  part  of  the  subsidy  became  pay- 
able for  the  specified  term,  but  subject  to  the  condition  of 
continuous  etlicient  operation. 


THE    MEANS    FOR    SECURING 

RELIABILITY    AND    MAINTAINING    THE 

CONTINUITY    OF    SUPPLY. 


By  R.  D.  SPURR. 


At  last  year's  I.II.E.A.  Convention  a  highly-interesting 
paper  was  read  on  this  subject,  which,  with  the  discussion, 
only  lightly  touched  the  surface  of  this  very  important 
matter. 

It  is  a  subject  worthy  of  far  more  consideration  and 
deep  thinking  than  has  been  applied  hitherto,  and  a  subject 
that  is  daily  increasing  in  magnitude  and  importance. 

The  moral  effect  of  a  shut-down  of  the  whole  or  part 
of  a  public  electricity  supply  system  has  a  far  more  serious 
result  than  the  stoppage  of  a  traction  supply  :  the  latter  is 
forgotten  in  most  cases  in  a  day  or  two,  but  the  former 
remains  long  in  the  memories  of  those  consumers  whose 
works  are  stopped  or  left  in  darkness,  and  brings  grave  doubts 
to  the  minds  of  ix)ssible  consumers,  inconvenience  to  the 
public,  and  worry  to  the  engineer  and  his  staff,  who 
generally  have  to  bear  the  blame  whether  deserving  or  not. 

From  a  financial  point  of  view  the  units  lost  during  a 
shut-down  are  liut  a  fraction  of  the  total  loss,  which  cannot 
be  given  a  monetary  value. 

It  is  hardly  possible  to  take  a  census  of  shut-downs  that 
have  occurred  to  public  supply  undertakings,  but  such  a 
census  with  the  cause  of  each  mishap  would  no  doubt  form 
very  interesting  reading.  The  total  number  would  probably 
be  a  very  large  figure  ;  moreover,  as  supply  engineers  are 
naturally  unwilling  to  make  public  the  number  and  cause  of 
such  failures,  very  little  ever  appears  in  print  upon  the 
subjecb. 

Some  engineers  look  upon  these  failures  as  unavoidable, 
and  treat  them  as  part  of  the  day's  work  ;  others,  whilst 
admitting  that  they  can  be  avoided,  shirk  taking  the  necessary 
steps  to  do  so  ;  others,  again,  are  helpless,  and  cannot  take 
precautions. 

The  primary  cause  of  interruptions  of  the  supply  appears 
o  have  been  forgotten.  The  reason  is  decidedly  unpleasant 
o  contemplate  ;  it  is,  that  in  the  effort  to  reduce  the  total 
ost  per  unit  to  a  minimum  figure,  the  continuity  of  the 
upply  has  been  ruthlessly  sacrificed,  cheapness  has    been 


the  predominant  factor,  and  has  resulted  in  the  acceptance 
of  the  lowest  tender  when  installing  plant,  the  purchase  of 
dirty  unsuitable  coal,  the  use  of  hard  muddy  water  and  poor 
iiuality  oils  and  grease,  continuously  overloading  antiquated 
plant,  neglected  boiler  cleaning,  patching  up  in  place  of 
overhauling,  continued  use  of  prehistoric  switcbgear,  under- 
paid, incompetent,  short-handed  staff,  and  not  providing 
capital  for  the  purchase  of  necessary  tools,  stores  and  spare 
parts. 

The  above  points  by  no  means  exhaust  the  list,  but  are 
sufficient  to  show  that  a  shut-down  can  be  directly  traced 
to  one  or  more  of  them. 

It  is  possible  that  there  are  undertakings  where  everything 
is  as  it  should  be,  yet  all,  or  nearly  all,  compete  for  the  some- 
what doubtful  honour  of  showing  the  "  lowest  costs  per 
unit "  in  the  tables  published  from  time  to  time  in  the 
technical  Press. 

To  attain  these  low  figures  it  is  common  practice  deliberately 
to  work  one  boiler  less  than  actually  necessary,  and  to  force 
the  others  over  an  unexpected  peak,  to  load  the  generators 
to  their  utmost  capacity,  or  overload  them  if  possible,  and 
in  stations  where  supplies  are  given  for  traction,  lighting 
and  power,  d.c.  and  three-phase  a.c,  it  is  the  prevailing 
practice  to  link  up  all  three  systems  by  means  of  synchronous 
machines  in  such  a  manner  that  a  heavy  fault  occurring  on 
one  system  is  likely  to  result  in  shutting  down  the  whole 
works. 

Undertakings  giving  these  supplies,  varying  more  or  less 
in  detail,  are  rapidly  becoming  numerous,  and  on  the  grounds 
of  economy  this  linking-up  is  deemed  necessary  during 
periods  of  light  or  heavy  load  according  to  the  capacity  of 
the  plant  available. 

It  is  this  linking-up  indiscriminately  that  is  the  source 
of  danger  when  synchronous  machines  are  used,  as  the  D.c. 
side  of  these  machines  cannot  at  present  be  arranged  to 
change  instantaneously  from  motoring  to  generating,  or 
rice  versfi,  without  going  through  several  switching  opera- 
tions, and  moving  the  brushes. 

Relays  could,  of  course,  be  fixed  to  operate  in  either 
direction  and  limit  the  reverse  power  to  5  per  cent,  of  the 
capacity  of  the  machine,  or  induction  motor-generators  could 
be  used  for  supplying  D.c.  from  a.c,  but  in  any  case  com- 
plications will  occur  when  an  abnormal  fault  develops  on 
either  system.  Induction  motor-generators  are,  perhaps, 
the  nearest  approach  to  safety  where  the  d.c.  supply  is  partly 
steam  driven,  and  partly  supplied  from  the  A.c.  system. 

A  traction  supply  can  be  safely  handled  by  an  a.c. 
system,  either  alone  or  with  the  help  of  steam-driven  d.c. 
generators,  but  very  reliable  switchgear  must  be  installed  to 
prevent  undue  disturbance  of  the  a.c.  system  by  traction 
faults,  and  if  synchronous  machines  are  used,  the  reverse 
current  should  be  limited  to  the  lowest  possible  figure. 

One  method  of  linking  up  which  is  not  in  general  use,  but 
appears  to  be  free  from  the  defects  common  to  other  systems,  is 
to  use  a  D.c.  and  an  a.c.  generator  driven  by  the  same  engine  or 
turbine  ;  such  a  combination  with  suitably  proportioned  units 
could  be  loaded  up  economically  on  either  or  both  systems. 

Some  American  undertakings  have  installed  very  large 
batteries  as  a  stand-by,  but  large  batteries  mean  heavy 
capital  expenditure  and  maintenance  charges ;  also  such 
batteries  will  introduce  complications  in  working,  and  to 
prevent  rapid  deterioration  of  the  cells,  regular  charging  and 
discharging  are  necessary. 

The  abnormally  heavy  discharges  from  batteries  when 
faults  occur  are  apt  to  burn  up  the  switchgear,  ammeter 
shunts  or  boosters,  unless  these  are  constructed  to  carry  ten 
or  more  times  the  current  at  the  one-hour  rate  of  discharge. 
Switchgear  can,  of  course,  be  constructed  to  carry  such 
currents,  but  boosters  are  practically  impossible. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  of  a  battery  installation 
wliere  the  switchgear,  cables,  \c.,  were  capable  of  carrying 
double  the  current  at  the  one-hour  rate  for  any  length  of 
time. 

After  linking-up  troubles,  the  next  cause  of  many 
failures  of  the  supply  is  the  total  loss  of  power,  light 
and  exciting  current  throughout  the  generating  station,  and 
the  importance  of  this  point  is  often  ignored — not  wilfully, 
perhaps — but  such  an  event  is  looked  upon  as  an  impossibility 
until  it  actually  occurs. 

In  a.c.  stations  each  alternator  usually  has  ita  own  exciter, 


Tol.  72.    No.  1,812,  March  I  i,  19i;t.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


iry.', 


lighting  is  taken  from  tlic  nmiii  hiis-hars,  nnd  auxiliary  plant 
of  iniiK>rtance  is  more  often  Hleain  driven  ;  Honie  aj;ain  have 
a  two-wire  dircft-currcnt  sujiply  for  the  works  only,  with 
steam-driven  j^encrutin^'  .sets  aKsisted  liy  a  hiittei'y  and  induc- 
tion motor-generators  for  all    power,  li^htinf^  and  excitation. 

In  D.c.  and  mixed  snppiy  stations,  cnrreiit  for  power, 
lij^hting  and  e\eitation  is,  as  a  ffcnerul  rule,  taken  from  the 
D.c.  bus-hars,  and  as  the  number  of  such  stations  is  increas- 
ing, the  inuiiber  of  failuies  will  increaK(>  unless  special  pre- 
cautions are  taken  to  keep  the  works  supply  entirely  free 
from  the  efl'ects  of  outside  interruptions.  Where  the  auxiliary 
plant  lif^hting,  exciting  and  control  cir(!uits  are  of  such 
magnitude  that  one  or  more  steam-driven  sets  could  be  loaded 
nj)  economically  for  1 2  or  more  hours  per  day,  six  days  a 
\yeek,  it  would  undoubtedly  be  a  sound  proposition  to  put 
down  such  sets,  if  none  were  available,  and  run  the  works 
snppiy  independently  of  the  public  supply,  as  is  already  the 
j)ractice  in  some  polyphase  stations  for  railway  work. 

An  entirely  insulated  works  supply  has  many  advantages 
that  altogether  outweigh  objections  on  the  score  of  the  in- 
eiticiency  of  small  units,  high-pressure  reciprocating  sets,  or 
turbines  exhausting  into  the  low-pressure  stages  of  the  main 
turbines  or  feed  water  heaters,  or  mixed-pressure  turbines 
taking  part  of  their  steam  from  otlier  reciprocating  plant 
would  meet  the  case  in  that  respect ;  outside  faults,  earths, 
&c.,  would  not  then  be  able  to  operate  remote  control 
circuits  at  inopportune  times,  and  the  insulation  generally  of 
all  the  works  plant  would  be  subject  to  far  less  severe  strain, 
and  would  naturally  require  less  attention  to  keep  in  good 
order. 

In  three-wire  n  c.  stations  the  balancing  of  the  two  sides 
of  the  system  is  a  weak  point,  especially  where  the  balancer 
consists  of  two  similar  generators  rigidly  coupled  together, 
either  machine  driving  the  other  as  may  be  required.  Such 
combinations  are  in  constant  use  in  hundreds  of  stations,  and 
few,  if  any,  are  automatic  in  regulation,  although  designed  to 
be  so.  This  type  of  machine  is  notoriously  inefficient,  and  is 
generally  far  too  small  to  deal  with  any  abnormal  out-of- 
balance  ;  a  heavy  fault  will  trip  one  or  both  of  the  circuit 
breakers,  and  consumers  are  not  pleased  with  the  conditions 
that  ensue  until  the  balance  is  restored. 

A  three-wire  balancer  capable  of  generating  100  amperes 
on  either  side  takes  about  7  kw.  to  run  light  or  1G8  B.  of  T. 
units  per  day.  At  "ftd.  per  unit  this  works  out  at  £85  a 
year  actual  loss  for  which  no  return  is  given,  the  actual  time 
employed  in  doing  remunerati\'e  work  being  negligible. 

The  interest  and  depreciation  on  a  75-K\v.  steam-driven 
balancing  set  will  be  approximately  £85,  and  running  at 
70  per  cent,  of  its  full  load  it  would  generate  1,200  remunera- 
tive B.  of  T.  units  per  day  ;  the  voltage  regulation  would  be 
considerably  improved  and  the  supply  much  more  reliable. 

Larger  machines  will,  of  course,  prove  even  more 
economical,  and  those  stations  equipped  with  steam  balancers 
(one  engine  driving  two  generators  in  tandem,  each  machine 
being  connected  between  the  middle  wire  and  outer  of  the 
three-wire  system)  will  be  found  to  be  practically  free  from 
balancing  troubles. 

Static  balancing,  by  means  of  special  connections  on  the 
main  generators,  does  not  seem  to  be  altogether  a  success, 
due  probably  to  the  fact  that,  although  the  out-of-balance 
current  can  be  handled  quite  easily,  the  voltage  falls  on  the 
Eeavily  loaded  side,  which  is  quite  the  reverse  of  what  is 
wanted. 

Earthing  the  middle  wire  of  a  three-wire  system  is  more 
often  a  source  of  danger  when  earthed  direct ;  in  some  cases 
a  resistance  is  put  in  circuit  when  the  leakage  current  exceeds 
a  certain  value,  but  a  very  heavy  strain  is  put  on  the  insula- 
tion of  all  apparatus  when  a  fault  occurs,  until  this  resist- 
ance is  in  circuit,  due  to  the  heavy  surges  which  take  place. 

It  would  be  far  safer  to  earth  the  middle  wire  through  a 
large  variable  resistance,  capable  of  safely  carrying  from  one 
to  three  hundred  amperes  for  a  considerable  length  of  time  ; 
such  a  resistance,  constructed  of  substantial  grids,  could  be 
safely  worked  when  red  hot,  and  faults  could  be  regulated  to  a 
certain  extent,  and  located  more  easily,  or  burned  out  when 
necessary. 

In  one  station,  the  middle  wire  was  earthed  through  a 
circuit  breaker,  set  to  open  at  100  amperes  and  insert  a 
resistance  between  the  middle  wire  and  earth  ;  the  negative 
side  was  accidentally  earthed,  with  the  result  that,  before 


the  circuit-breaker  ojiened,  several  weak  places  on  the 
[WHitivc  side  broke  down,  making  u  dead  short  acnmn  the 
outers. 

In  anotlier  ca.se,  wliore  the  middle  wire  wu«  earthed 
through  a  reHistance  of  2*;'.  ohms  capable  of  c-arrying  100 
amperes  continuously,  a  |)OBitive  terminal  in  a  street  b(;x  f;ame 
in  contact  with  the  iron  and  was  welded  on  by  the  current 
passing  ;  the  fault  was  l<x  ated  a,u<l  cleared  without  any  fnrthfr 
ill  effects. 

In  the  first  case,  eVery  trifling  earth  would  of^n  the  circuit- 
breaker,  with  a  corresponding  flicker  of  the?  lighLs,  while  in 
the  second  case,  earthing  one  side  through  a  r>0-am|x*re  fu«e 
caused  no  iDconvenienoe,  nor  could  any  flicker  of  the  lights 
be  observed. 

The  water  supply  is  a  very  important  factor,  many 
stations  being  dependent  on  the  continuity  of  the  town 
supply  for  boiler  feed,  and,  in  a  few  cases,  for  condensing 
purposes. 

The  latter  could  possibly  continue  running  several  hours 
in  case  of  a  total  failure  of  the  water  Hiii>ply,  but  with  the 
others,  a  total  shut-down  would  be  inevitable  unless  a  very 
large  reserve  supply  was  available. 

The  few  stations  having  their  own  wells  or  boreholes  are 
fortunate,  but  there  are  a  great  many  others  so  situated  that 
a  private  supply  would  mean  a  considerable  reduction  in  works 
costs  for  water  charges,  as  the  capital  expenditure  and 
running  costs,  even  in  the  case  of  a  very  small  supply,  would 
not  reach  (Id.  per  1,000  gallons,  including  chemical  treat- 
ment where  necessary,  and  very,  few,  if  any,  water  authori- 
ties will  supply  at  that  figure. 

Water  pipes,  generally  speaking,  are  very  seldom  protected 
against  frost  ;  even  when  under  cover,  in  a  draughty  posi- 
tion, they  are  very  Hable  to  freeze  when  the  flow  of  water  is 
little  or  nothing  between  midnight  and  7  a.m.,  when  the 
temperature  of  the  atmosphere  is  about  the  minimum  point. 
Fortunately,  severe  frosts  are  not  of  very  long  duration  in 
these  islands,  or  more  precautions  would  be  taken  to  prevent 
a  shut-down  from  that  cause. 

In  conclusion,  the  human  element  must  not  be  forgotten, 
as  errors  of  judgment  will  take  place  at  critical  times.  Only 
those  who  have  actually,  been  through  it  can  understand  the 
mental  strain  involved  in  running  plant  that  is  not  exactly 
as  it  should  be  for  the  work  it  is  called  upon  to  do. 

The  slackers  and  don't-worry  men  are  the  immediate 
cause  of  many  shut-downs  ;  how  they  escape  the  consequences 
of  their  rank  carelessness  no  one  knows,  but  their  elimination 
along  with  the  moneyed  men  who  irorJc  because  it  is  con- 
sidered the  thing  to  do  (fortunately,  the  automobile 
industry  is  attracting  these  gentlemen  now)  is  only  a  matter 
of  time. 


PROCEEDINGS    OP    INSTITUTIONS. 


Internal  Combustion  Engines. 

By  K.  Cox. 

iAbsfracf   of  paper  read  before  the  IXSTITUTIOX  OF   ELECTRICAL 
Engineebs,  at  Shelfield,  January  29th,  1913.) 

As  regards  the  capital  cost  of  either  steam,  pas  or  Diesel  eng-ine 
stations,  when  all  the  necessary  anziliaries,  baildingrs  and  fonnda- 
tions  are  taken  into  consideration,  there  is  not  very  much  difference 
between  them. 

Taking  a  station  of  650  KW.,  which  would  be  a  typical  installa- 
tion for  supplying  power  to  a  moderately  largre  works  or  factory, 
the  comparative  capital  costs  would  be  as  follows  : — 

Turbo-Generating:  Plant £8,850 

Gas-Bnffine  Installation £9,640 

Diesel  Engine  Installation         £11,080 

The  running-  costs  per  KW.-hour  would  be  as  follows  (it  is  assumed 

that  the  station  is  working  ordinary  factory  hours,  or  a  total  of 

3,000  hours  per  year)  : — 

Turbo-Generating  Plant 0*3-t8d. 

Gas-Engine  Installation t)'_'!i2d. 

Diesel  Engine  Installation  0-l47d. 

Owing  to  the  low  price  of  coal,  the  number  of  stations  where 
Diesel  engines  show  to  the  best  advantage  is  not  so  great  in  this 
country  as  in  many  instances  abroad- 

Where  gas  exists  as  a  by-product  the  gas  engine  has  tremendous 
advantages ;    although    in    Great    Britain  there    is    an'   immense 


454 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.  72.  No.  1,842,  march  u,  1913. 


quantity  of  blast-fnrnace  and  coke-oven  gas  available,  and  often 
groing  to  waste,  only  a  small  percentajre  of  it  is  economically  used 
in  internal-combustion  en^riues.  The  old  steam  plant  can  only  be 
gradually  replaced  by  the  more  efficient  internal-combustion  eng-ine. 
On  the  other  hand,  where  new  plant  is  being  installed,  the  advan- 
tmfres  of  gas-driven  electric  plant  are  obvious,  as  the  demand  for 
power  in  the  case  of  a  modem  colliery  or  coke-oven  plant  with 
by-product  recovery  plant  is  so  great  that  the  utilisation  of  gas 
engines  to  obtain  the  maximum  output  from  the  waste  gas  is  almost 
a  necessity,  the  reason  being  that  a  gas-fired  boiler  and  steam  plant 
will  not  in  general  give  more  than  3.5  per  cent,  of  the  power  that 
can  be  obtained  from  a  gas  engine  using  the  same  volume  of  gas. 

Except  in  the  larger  installations,  there  is  much  to  be  said  in 
favour  of  smaller  units.  The  following  considerations  are  worthy 
of  notice  : — 

(«)  The  thermal  efficiency  of  a  moderate-sized  unit  is  not  less 
than  that  of  a  large  unit. 

(A)  The  risk  of  failure  of  vital  parts  in  large  engines  is  certainly 
greater  than  in  small  ones. 

(<•)  The  capita]  cost  and  space  occupied  by  a  number  of  smaller 
units  is  very  little  more  than  that  of  a  large  unit. 

('/)  A  number  of  units  give  a  much  more  "  elastic  "  station  and 
a  greater  factor  of  reliability. 

In  a  large  double-acting  gas  engine  oue  of  the  greatest  difficulties 
is  the  cooling  of  the  moving  parts,  which  have  to  be  water-cooled  : 
and  as  it  is  customary  to  make  the  piston  rod  and  exhaust  valve 
stems  of  steel  a  considerable  amount  of  pitting  and  wear  takes 
place  due  to  the  condensation  of  the  exhaust  gases,  which  always 
have  an  acid  tendency,  on  the  cooled  surfaces.  One  of  the  main 
disadvantages  of  large  cylinders  is  the  danger  of  cracking  the 
cylinders  and  cylinder  heads,  due  to  the  temperature  variation. 
The  design  of  the  cylinder  for  these  large-power  horizontal  engines 
mast  of  necessity  become  very  complicated,  and  the  mechanism  for 
operating  the  large  valves  is  very  involved,  requiring  the  most 
careful  adjustment  and  attention.  The  piston  rods  and  glands 
also  require  most  careful  attention,  as  the  action  of  the  gas  js 
extremely  erosive  in  the  case  of  a  leaking  gland,  and  if  not  imme- 
diately attended  to  it  cuts  a  groove  in  the  piston  rod. 

In  order  to  get  a  fairly  high-power  engine,  say  up  to  1,000  b.h.p., 
one  has  the  alternative  of  having  a  small  number  of  large  diameter 
cylinders,  or  a  large  number  of  small  diameter  cylinders,  and  it  is 
with  a  view  of  avoiding  some  of  the  above  troubles,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  obtaining  a  fairly  high-power  engine,  that  the  multi- 
cylinder  vertical  engine  has  been  developed.  This  type  of  engine 
has  been  developed  on  the  lines  of  the  modern  high-speed  steam 
engine,  having  forced  lubrication  to  the  bearings  and  an  enclosed 
orank  case.  The  stroke  being  fairly  short,  the  number  of  revolu- 
tions is  high,  the  whole  engine  being  compact  and  taking  up  very 
little  space.  These  engines  operating  on  the  Otto  or  four-cycle 
principle,  each  crank  receives  one  impulse  in  two  revolutions. 

A  still  further  advance  on  this  type  is  the  vertical  tandem  gas 
engine.  This  engine  is  of  the  vertical  single-acting  type,  operating 
on  the  Otto  cycle,  and  the  cylinders  are  arranged  two  in  tandem,  so 
that  the  explosion  stroke  of  one  cylinder  is  the  suction  stroke  of 
the  other.  By  this  arrangement  a  very  even  pressure  is  exerted  on 
the  crank  pin,  and  an  even  turning  moment  equal  to  that  of  the 
highest  class  steam  engine  is  produced.  This  type  of  engine,  like 
the  high-speed  steam  eneine,  is  particularly  adapted  for  electric 
driving,  the  cyclic  irregularity  being  so  small  that  no  difficulty  is 
experienced  in  paralleling  alternators.  In  the  case  of  engines  having 
only  one  or  two  cylinders,  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  drive  the 
generator  through  a  flexible  coupling.  Such  couplings  are  fre- 
quently a  source  of  trouble,  and  the  elimination  of  such  a  feature 
ia  desirable.  Again,  with  the  higher  speed  of  the  vertical  multi- 
cylinder  engine,  a  smaller  and  cheaper  dynamo  may  be  used.  Other 
advantages  are  that  with  this  vertical  machine  the  vibration  is  less, 
due  to  the  inertia  of  the  reciprocating  parts  being  smaller.  Conse- 
quently much  lighter  foundations  may  be  used.  Again,  owing  to 
the  smaller  volume  of  the  cylinders  the  silencing  of  the  exhaust 
is  a  much  less  difficult  proposition.  This  is  a  most  important 
point  to  be  considered  when  installing  an  engine  in  a  residential 
neighbourhood,  as  the  noise  of  the  exhaust  from  a  large-cylindered 
engine  can  be  heard  for  a  considerable  distance,  even  though  large 
silencers  are  provided. 

Turning  now  to  the  Diesel  engine,  one  of  the  principal  advan- 
tages of  this  type  is  the  fact  that  the  direct  economical  use  of 
heavy  crude  or  residual  oils  is  made  possible,  and  this  form  of  fuel 
is  extremely  easy  to  handle  and  store,  and  occupies  a  minimum 
of  space.  It  alsff  possesses  the  advantage  of  quick  and  easy  starting, 
with  no  stand-by  losses,  and  the  whole  installation  requires  very 
little  ftoor  space. 

Until  recently,  nearly  all  Diesel  engines  that  have  been  con- 
structed have  been  of  the  vertical,  open  type,  the  cylinder  liners 
being  let  into  A  frames,  and  ring  lubrication  fitted  to  the  main 
bearings.  The  later  developments,  however,  have  been  in  the 
enclosed  type  of  engine  with  forced  lubrication  to  the  bearings. 
This  form  of  engine  is  now  built  by  several  well-known  firmp,  and 
lends  itself  much  more  readily  to  electric  driving,  as  the  speed  is 
higher,  and  the  engine,  being  of  the  multi-cylinder  type,  gives  a 
more  even  turning  moment. 

The  Diesel  engine  has  also  been  developed  on  horizontal  lines, 
several  of  the  Continental  manufacturers  building  this  type.  These 
engines  are  of  necessity  slow  running,  and  consequently  their  great 
weight  and  large  amount  of  floor  space  somewhat  handicap  them.  In 
addition  to  this,  the  large  size  of  dynamo  required  for  the  output  at 
this  low  speed  is  a  further  (linadvantage. 

On  the  open-type  Diesel  engine,  the  cam-shaft  operating  the 
valves  is  carried  on  brackets  at  the  top  of  the  engine.  This 
shaft  is  driven  through  skew  or  bevel  gears  from  the  crankshaft, 
a  vertical    shaft  connecting  the  two.      This  arrangement  is  still 


adhered  to  by  some  makers  for  the  enclosed  engine.  The  latest 
practice  adopted,  however,  both  in  this  country  and  on  the  Continent, 
is  to  enclose  the  cam-shaft  in  the  crank-case  and  to  operate  the  valves 
through  rods.  This  renders  the  engine  much  more  accessible,  and 
enables  the  whole  of  the  shaft,  with  its  bearings,  to  be  under  forced 
lubrication. 

The  compressor  for  supplying  the  air  for  starting  purposes,  and 
also  for  injecting  the  oil  into  the  cylinder,  is  now  almost  universally 
direct  driven  from  the  end  of  the  crankshaft.  This  is  either  a 
two  or,  preferably,  a  three-stage  machine,  and  must  be  capable 
of  compressing  up  to  1,000  lb.  per  sq.  in.  It  is  provided  with 
inter-coolers  between  the  stages,  and  the  air  is  stored  in  wrought- 
steel  tanks.  Air  is  taken  from  one  of  these  tanks  for  starting 
purposes,  one  or  more  of  the  engine  cylinders  being,  for  the  time, 
used  as  an  air  motor.  The  engine  is  thns  very  quickly  started, 
no  preliminary  warming  up  being  necessary.  A  Diesel  engine 
can,  as  a  rule,  be  started  up  cold  and  put  on  load  in  less  than 
a  minute. 

The  present  high  price  of  residual  oil  is  due  to  lack  of  transport 
facilities.  There  are  approximately  100  tank  steamers  under  con- 
struction, 60  of  these  being  built  in  this  country.  When  these  vessels 
are  put  into  commission  no  doubt  this  fuel  will  fall  to  a  reasonable 
cost  again  ;  but  it  is  unfortunate  that  at  the  present  time  there 
is  not  the  plant  in  this  country  to  put  on  the  njarket  sufficient 
distillates  from  coal  tar  to  supplement  the  residual  oil  and  to  keep 
fuel  oil  at  a  reasonable  figure. 

The  modern  gas  or  Diesel  engine  is  as  reliable  a  piece  of  apparatus 
as  a  good  steam  engine.  The  amount  required  for  upkeep  is  little, 
if  any,  more  than  for  a  steam  engine,  provided  that  reasonable  and 
intelligent  care  is  given  to  the  running. 


Discussion, 


Mk.  Eavenshaw  remarked  that  he  had  two  or  three  Diesel 
engines  running  at  different  places.  At  first  they  were  started  on 
Monday  morning  and  shut  down  at  Saturday  dinner  time  without 
a  stop,  but  now  they  shut  down  at  the  dinner  hour  for  half  an  hour, 
and  the  bearings  and  cylinders  wore  better  when  they  did  so.  He 
did  not  think  that  fuel  oil  was  going  to  come  down  to  what  it 
was  18  months  ago.  That  did  not  matter  much,  because  all  other 
fuels  had  gone  up.  While  with  turbines  they  could  get  25  or  30  per 
cent,  overload,  with  gas  engines  they  could  not  do  this.  Above  full 
load  they  could  get  a  good  deal  more  indicated  horse-power,  but  they 
failed  to  get  any  more  brake  horse-power.  He  had  found  that 
both  in  Diesel  or  semi-Diesel  engines,  and  in  a  large  number  of  gas 
engines,  the  pressure  of  gas  behind  the  piston  rings  forced  them  out 
against  the  cylinder,  and  they  got  extreme  friction.  At  the  moment 
of  compression  and  explosion  the  last  ring  was  pressing  with  a 
pressure  of  100  lb.  to  the  sq.  in.  against  the  cylinder  wall,  and  that 
meant  an  enormous  amount  of  friction. 

Mr.  Smith  agreed  that  the  cost  of  oil  was  not  likely  to  come  down  to 
anything  approaching  what  it  was  12  months  ago.  As  Mr.  Cox  said, 
the  present  price  was  about  80s.  to  858.  a  ton,  and  that  put  Diesel 
engines  out  of  the  running  in  such  districts  as  Sheffield,  where  they 
had  coal  at  10a.  a  ton  for  boiler  or  gas  producer  use.  He  was 
inclined  to  favour  the  producer  gas  engine,  particularly  for  districts 
like  that.  If  the  colliery  owners  in  that  district  would  look  more 
to  the  question  of  utilising  their  bituminous  coal  where  they  had 
not  waste  gases,  they  might  find  it  very  economical  for  producer  ga« 
plants  of  the  bituminous  type.  Up  to  the  present  time  producers 
had  not  been  constructed  successfully  as  suction  plants  for  the  use 
of  bituminous  fuel.  Mr.  Dowson  himself  had  admitted  a  few  days 
ago  that  he  did  not  now  recommend  bituminous  suction  plants.  He 
had  in  mind  the  shipbuilding  works  on  the  Cheshire  side  of  the 
Mersey,  and  the  Cammell,  Laird  works,  where  they  had  a  very  large 
bituminous  producer  plant  supplying  gas  engines.  He  believed  they 
ran  24  hours  a  day  and  they  produced  current  at  considerably  less 
than  id.  per  unit.  He  knew  of  an  instance  where  a  similar  plant  was 
installed  for  more  favourable  conditions,  running  24  hours  a  day, 
seven  days  a  week,  with  a  chemical  process,  where  the  working  cost, 
apart  from  interest  and  depreciation,  was  '1  of  a  penny  per  unit. 
The  station  was  operated  chiefly  by  Westinghouse  engines.  One 
Westinghouse  machine,  of  1,000  H.P.,  had  operated  for  the 
greater  portion  of  six  months  continuously,  without  any  shutting 
down  worth  mentioning.  As  regarded  reliability,  he  knew  of  many 
instances  in  this  country  where  gas  engines  only  were  installed 
and  entire  reliance  was  placed  on  them  for  the  operation  of  the 
works  which  they  were  driving.  These  machines  he  had  known  to 
give  absolute  reliability  for  the  past  five  years  or  more. 

Mb.  Wakdale  said  that  the  firm  he  served  his  time  with  built 
both  steam  and  gas  engines,  and  in  the  latter  they  used  piston 
rings  of  the  ordinary  Ramsbottom  type,  let  in  so  that  they  distinctly 
filled  the  groove.  The  rings  in  the  steam  engine  were  let  in  so  that 
they  could  push  them  round  with  their  fingers,  but  the  gas  engine 
rings  had  to  nip,  and  they  had  a  special  grinder  made  for  the 
purpose.  An  engineer  who  had  been  concerned  with  small  towns, 
places  with  not  more  than  10,000  inhabitants,  with  electric 
eenerators  run  by  gas  plants,  told  him  that  he  had  found  it  fearful 
work  to  get  people  to  put  their  money  into  such  places,  prineip»lly 
because  of  the  failure  of  gas  engines,  and  also  because  of  the 
awful  mess  which  a  certain  firm  had  made  of  the  supply  business 
in  small  towns.  He  had  put  in  an  80- KW.  dynamo  with  a  double 
cylinder  135-B  H.P.  National  gas  engine,  and  never  had  any  trouble  ; 
his  costs  were  a  little  bit  high,  but  not  seriously  so.  Personally, 
he  had  lately  been  trying  to  influence  capital  on  behalf  of  small 
concerns,  and  these  past  mistakes  certainly  did  tell  heavily  against 
them.  He  supposed  that  they  could  not  use  the  Yorkshire  fuel  very 
sucoessfully  for  the  bituminous  producer  plant.  It  was  too 
bituminous.     As  to  the   matter  of  attention,  he  thought  that  if 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,812,  MAUOfl   1  I,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW^ 


466 


they  paiil  n  nmii  about  ,')")H.  to  look  aflor  Htenni  plant,  thoy  wanldl 
a  man  wlio  waH  worth  '!()«.  for  i^iw  plant,  ond  fidH,  for  DioHol  plant. 
I'(THonally,  he  U)okiMi  to  tlio  horizontal  mcdiiun-Hpocd  ont^incH  for 
lonjf  life  and  ocononiy  and  (jMicfi'  frocdoui  from  worry  if  the 
on(tincH  worn  bii^-  oiion^fh  for  their  work, 

Mu.  Ykiuiuhy  Haid  it  neenicd  to  him  that  there  wan  no  reaHOii 
why  paH  in  bulk  nhould  not  be  at  a  very  much  lower  price  than  it 
wan,  especially  in  view  of  the  fact  that  there  wbh  no  dilliculty 
'/hatever  in  gcttinic  rid  of  their  valuable  by-productH  The 
insurance  companieH  did  not  think  that  paH  en(jinrH  were  as  free 
from  breakdown  as  Rood  steam  enpincH.  On  inspcctin(f  larjic  (raH 
eni^ines  in  (lermany  and  Belgium  a  few  yearH  njjo,  he  found  ((uito  a 
different  class  of  men  lookintj  after  the  pas  engines  there—  a  higher 
type  of  men,  and  a  larger  number  of  men  than  one  would  rei|uire 
for  a  steam  engine. 

Mk.  Boulddn,  referring  to  a  remark  which  was  made 
in  the  paper  rejrardinpf  vertical  tandem  enpines,  that  an  even 
turning  moment  (([ual  to  the  highest  class  of  steam  engine  was 
produced,  said  he,  was  inclined  to  question  that  statement  with 
regard  to  the  turning  moment.  lie  had  seen  an  article  in  that 
morning's  paper  to  the  effect  that  the  people  engaged  in  the  colliery 
world  had  been  successful  in  producing  an  oil  from  the  soft  deposits 
of  coal  which  in  many  cases  were  not  even  now  being  worked,  and 
that  a  large  syndicate  had  been  formed.  This  oil,  it  was  hoped,  would 
render  this  country  absolutely  independent  of  the  oil  brought  from 
foreign  countries. 

Mu.  Mylan  said  he  had  recently  met  a  gentleman  from 
Sweden,  who  mentioned  that  there  they  were  prejjared,  in  a  parti- 
cular installation  that  he  was  interested  in,  to  supply  at  £2  per 
B.H.P.  per  annum,  i.e..  "OTSd.  per  unit.  That,  of  course,  was  a 
particular  installation  of  water-power,  and  the  total  capital  cost — 
installation,  buildings,  power  plant,  transmission  and  everything 
— worked  out  at  only  £S  per  KW^,  a  figure  that  was  certainly 
remarkable.  It  was  certainly  not  a  fact  that  the  bituminous  fuel  in 
that  district  could  not  be  used  in  producers.  It  was  used  in  many 
producers  in  the  Yorkshire  district.  The  increase  of  oil  fuel  was 
not  out  of  proportion  to  the  corresponding  increases  that  one  had 
met  with  in  coal. 

Mr.  Cox,  in  reply,  said  a  great .  deal  depended  on  whether  the 
piston  ring  was  a  good  fit  in  the  groove,  but  the  gas  pressure  was 
practically  the  same  in  the  Diesel  engine,  whether  it  was  on  quarter 
load  or  overload.  The  piston  clearance  was  very  small,  and  when 
the  overload  came  on,  the  heat  had  to  b»  transmitted  from  the 
crown  of  the  piston  down  to  the  sides,  and,  therefore,  the  clearance 
would  decrease  through  the  expansion  of  the  piston,  and,  of  course, 
the  mechanical  friction  would  increase.  Tie  thought  50s.  was  the 
price  to  which  oil  would  probably  fall.  Regarding  accidents  to 
Diesel  engines,  recently  there  had  been  two  accidents,  both  at 
Falmouth.  In  the  last  case,  the  piston  seized  and  the  engine  still 
went  on  running.  It  tore  the  cylinder  and  standards  clean  away 
and  wrecked  the  engine  ;  that  was  due  to  the  small  clearance.  If 
makers  would  give  a  larger  clearance  they  would  probably  get  over 
the  trouble.  Springs  behind  the  piston  rings  would  not  do,  because 
the  temperature  was  so  great.  It  would  take  the  temper  out  of  the 
rings,  s6  that  the  Ramsbottom  ring  was  almost  the  only  thing  that 
could  be  used.  It  was  necessary  to  use  cast  iron.  The  failure  of 
the  Walthamstow  engines  was  due  to  neglect  ;  the  same  type  of 
engines  had  been  working  perfectly  satisfactorily  at  other  places. 


Some  Factors  in  Parallel  Operation. 

By  A.  R.  EvEEEST,  M.I.E  E. 

iAb.ttract  of  paper   read  lefore  the  Institution  of  Eleoteical 

Engineebs,  at  Birmingham,   Febrvary  12fh,  and  London, 

Fehrtiarij  Uth,   igiS.) 

In  connection  with  the  parallel  operation  of  alternators  it  is  well 
known  that  serious  trouble  from  "  hunting  "  may  occur  unless  the 
system  has  such  characteristics  as  to  prevent  the  natural  oscillating 
frequency  from  approaching  resonance  with  the  frequency  of  engine 
impulse.  Unfortunately,  however,  the  results  obtained  in  actual 
practice  often  differ  seriously  from  those  indicated  by  the  published 
formula'.  These  notes  aim  to  show  clearly  the  nature  and  impor- 
tance of  the  correction  necessary,  and  a  means  of  applying  it. 

The  natural  oscillating  frequency  of  an  alternator  as  one  of  a 
similar  pair,  or  as  a  single  machine  connected  to  a  system  of 
indefinitely  large  capacity  may  be  conveniently  expressed  in  the 
form — 


fo  =  97f)  Vk,„  X  cycles/foot-tons, 
where — 

/o  =  the  frequency  of  oscillations  per  minute  ; 
foot-tons  =  the  stored  energy  of  the  revolving  parts  at  normal 


K,„  =  the  kilowatts  of  synchronising  power  corresponding 
to  one  radian  (electrical)  of  displacement  from 
the  mean  position  of  uniform  rotation. 

'  Pig.  1  represents  the  e.m.p.  triangle  for  two  machines  when 
dephased.  It  is  readily  seen  that  the  crcfs- voltage  or  impedance 
E.M.r.  consumed  in  one  machine  (c  A)  for  a  small  angle  of  deviation 
from  mean  position  is  proportional  to  once  the  radius  voltage  for 
one  radian  of  deviation.  The  value  of  k„.  is  therefore  determined 
by  the  amount  of  current  which  flows  as  cross-current  to  consume 
in  one  machine  a  cross-voltage  equal  to  the  working  voltage. 

It  is  in  the  proper  determination  of  the  k„.  value  that  errors  arise. 
The  usual  methods  indicate  that  this  shall  be  determined  from  the 
current  which  will  circulate  in  the  machine  on  short-circuit  with 
excitation  corresponding  to  the  air-gap  excitation  for  no-load 
working  voltage. 


(Some  wrilerH  employing  tho  method  juxt  dicriUrd  ini«:rt  the 
full  ainperc-turiiH  of  oix-n-circuil  excitation,  iniit<;nd  of  the  ampnre- 
turns  required  at  the  air-gap.  ThiH  in  obviously  wrong.  The 
magnetising  force  connumud  in  Huturating  the  rnngnct  poIe«  should 
not  enter  into  the  Hhort-i'ircuit  tent  where  saturation  in  alw'-nt.) 

But  in  the  chho  of  power  exchange  current  between  two  niachin**, 
the  amount  of  current  (lowing  due  to  a  given  croHs- voltage  im  mnch 
larger  than  when  consuming  the  Bame  voltage  on  whort  circuit, 
hence  tlio  Bynchronihing  fwwor  an  determined  from  the  nhort- 
circuit  test  is  usually  far  too  low. 

On  tho  Bhort-circuit  test  the  circulatinircnrrent  in  dephaeed  90* 
from  the  machine  voltage  ;  it  exerts  a  direct  demagnctiiiiDg  effect 
upon  the  field  poles,  and  produces  no  synchronising  power.   Bat  when 


Fio.  1. 


Fio.  2. 


the  cross  voltage  is  at  right  angles  to  machine  voltage  the  resultant 
cross  current  is  in  phase  with  the  machine  voltage  ;  therefore  it  i» 
true  power  current,  and  as  a  non-inductive  current  exerts  distorting 
effect  upon  the  field  flux,  instead  of  direct  demagnetisation. 

The  reluctance  of  the  cross  magnetisation  path  is  usually  quite 
different  from  that  of  direct  demagnetisation,  and  the  current 
flowing  to  wipe  out  a  given  amount  of  cross  voltage  will  often  be 
two  or  three  times  as  much  as  when  cancelling  the  same  amount 
of  voltage  by  direct  demagnetisation  on  the  main  poles.  In  other 
words,  the  real  synchronous  impedance  which  is  active  when 
"hunting"   may   differ   widely   in   value  from   that   measured  on 


pole-are 


orops  reactance 


pole-pitcb 

opposing  reactance 

Reciprocal 

10        

100          

1-00 

0'9        

073          

1-37 

0-8       

051          

1-97 

0-7        

0-35          

2-85 

short-circuit  tests  :  and  the  latter  quantity  cannot  give  the  correct 
value  for  synchronising  current.  This  effect  was  pointed  out  by 
Goldschmidt  as  far  back  as  1902.  He  gave  the  correction  factors- 
as  shown  in  the  table  above. 

In  order  to  determine  the  proper  value  of  synchronising  power 
K,„  to  be  inserted  in  the  equation  for  oscillating  frequency,  we 
may  therefore  employ  the  value  obtained  from  the  short-circuit 
test  multiplied  by  a  factor  depending  principally  on  the  shape  of 
the  poles. 

In  fig.  2  the  angle  A  o  c  of  mechanical  displacement  is  divided 
into  two  parts  :  (p  is  the  amount  by  which  the  flux  axis  is  dis- 
placed from  the  pole  axis  by  distortion  from  the  cross  current 
flowing.  The  actual  e.m.f.  triangle  is  D  o  c  (for  one  machine), 
and  the  real  cross  voltage  d  c  is  consumed  as  reactive  drop  in. 
the  machine  winding. 

The  angle  of  mechanical  displacement  corresponding  to  any 
assumed  value  of  cross  current,  for  instance,  normal  full-load 
current,  is  readily  found.  The  angle  D  o  c  is  given  at  once  by  the 
reactive  drop,  and  we  find  the  angle  of  flux  distortion  for  any  type 
of  pole  by  Table  I. 

Distortion  angle  =  armature  ampere-turns  per  pole  all  phases  ^  ^ 
field  ampere-turns  per  pole  at  air-gap 


Ratio    P°'«"'=-  . 
pole-pitch 

05 

06 

0  7 

OS 


TABLE  I. 


E  in  degrees. 

10-0 
13-5 
18-0 
24-0 


Note — When  ihe  air-gap  increases  in  depth  from  tne  centre  towards 'the 
edges  the  eft'ecli  is  further  to  decrease  the  effective  width  of  pole-arc.  For 
such  cases  a  correction  of  10  per  cent,  is  suggested. 

These  two  angles  together  give  the  displacement  angle  for  one 
machine  at  the  chosen  value  of  cross  current,  and  hence  the  cross 
current  and  synchronising  kilowatts  proportional  to  one  radian  dis- 
placement are  at  once  known. 

In  the  case  where  the  field  magnet  is  a  continuous  cylinder  with 
pole-arc  equal  to  pole-pitch,  it  will  be  found  that  this  method  gives 
substantially  the  same  result  as  the  short-circuit  method. 

But  for  the  form  of  pole  generally  employed  on  fly-wheel  alter- 
nators, if  the  pole-arc  is  GO  per  cent,  of  the  pole-pitch.  Table  I 
shows  that  the  distortion  angle  for  the  same  current  is  only  one- 
third  that  in  the  former  case,  so  that  the  synchronising  current 
flowing  for  a  given  angle  of  displacement  would  be  very  mnch 
larger  than  indicated  by  the  short-circuit  method. 

The  value  of  winding  reactance  employed  in  this  method  should, 
as  suggested  by  Hobart,  include  only  that  part  which  lies  within 
the  armature   surface,   and    must  not   include   that   part  due  to 


45G 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  n.  No.  i,842,  makch  u,  1913. 


reactance  flax  which  crosses  the  air-pap  and  passes  along:  the 
pole-face  :  since  this  portion  is  taken  into  account  in  the  flux 
distortion.  In  general,  it  is  sufficiently  accurate  to  take  a  value 
of  winding  reactance  E.M.K.  one-half  that  determined  in  the  usual 
way. 

Wherever  armature  ampere-turns  are  referred  to  in  this  paper, 
the  "effective  value,"  as  corrected  for  coil-pitch  and  distribution 
factors,  should  be  uuderstood. 

In  the  case  of  a  1,.'.00-K\v.  machine,  the  oscillatinpr  frequency 
calculated  by  the  short-circuit  method  was  40'5  per  minute.  The 
"distortion"  method  indicated  a  natural  frequency  of  CiK.  The 
frequency  by  actual  test  was  OS. 

Another  interestinp  case  was  that  of  two  larire  low-speed  sets 
desipned  for  close  regulation  and  operating  at  94  u.i'..m.  The  sets 
were  intended  to  operate  around  l.',100  volts,  but  while  fairly  steady 
at  i.L'OO  volts,  could  not  (in  their  origfinal  condition),  be  operated 
together  between  2,(»00  and  1.700  volts,  due  to  the  excessive  hunting 
which  occurred  within  this  ranpe,  indicating  resonance  between 
natural  frequency  and  engine  speed  at  about  1,800  volts. 

Calculated  by  the  short-circuit  method,  the  fly-wheel  actually 
present  should  have  givenat  l',2()0  volts  a  natural  frequency  of  74,  thus 
safely  below  the  engine  speed,  and  with  increasing  margin  for  lower 
voltages.  By  the  "  distortion  '  method,  the  natural  frequency  at 
2,200  volts  was  1 1 1  per  minute,  and  approached  still  nearer  to  engine 
•speed  as  voltage  was  retluced.  Actually,  the  operation  became  worse 
with  changes  known  to  reduce  natural  frequency,  such  as  reducing 
operating  voltage,  reducing  the  air-gap,  or  adding  reactance,  while 
the  stability  was  increased  by  reducing  the  active  turns  of  the 
stator  winding  so  as  to  increase  the  frequency.  All  showed  that 
the  original  natural  frequency  was  above  the  engine  speed,  as  the 
"distortion"  method  indicates. 

If  calculated  by  the  short-circuit  method,  taking  not  only  ampere- 
turns  at  the  air-gap,  but  also  those  absorbed  in  saturating  the  pole, 
a  near  approach  to  observed  results  is  obtained  ;  this  fact,  no 
doubt,  accounts  for  the  inclusion  of  these  ampere-turns  lost  in 
saturation  by  some  who  still  advocate  the  short-circuit  method. 

So  far  the  no-load  conditions  only  have  been  considered.  When 
operating  under  load,  the  natural  frequency  should  be  calculated, 
not  on  the  terminal  voltage,  but  on  the  higher  voltage,  which  must 
be  generated  internally  to  overcome  the  impedance  drop  of  the 
machine  windings. 

It  often  happens  that  a  new  machine  is  required  to  operate  with 
one  of  older  type. 

The  following  method  of  treatment  has  been  found  useful  :  — 

In  the  case  of  two  machines  .\  and  b,  writing  Ka,  Kj,  for  the  k„ 
values  of  a  and  b,  each  calculated  as  one  of  a  similar  pair,  the  re- 
sultant value  for  machines  A  and  b  operating  together  is — 

2  K„  K(,/(Ka  4    kO, 

which  expression  may  be  substituted  for  K„.  in  the  numerator  of  the 
equation  for  natural  frequency. 

Similarly  with  two  unequal  fly-wheel  effects,  writing  Tu  T;,  for 
the  foot-tons  of  fly-wheel  effect  in  machines  a  and  b,  the  resultant 
effect  is — 

2  Ta  T,,/(Ta  -f  T(.). 

For  two  machines  with  any  values  of  electrical  constants  and  fly- 
wheel effect,  we  then  have  the  natural  frequency — 


=  9-76   \/ 


cycles  X 


K„  Kj  (T.  +  Ti) 


Ta  Ti  (Ka  -f   Kt) 


When  specifying  the  fly-wheel  to  be  supplied  in  connection  with 
an  engine-driven  alternator  it  is  usual  to  stipulate  that  the  total 
amount  of  fly-wheel  effect  present  must  be  such  as  to  satisfy  these 
two  conditions. 

(o)  The  angular  deviation  from  uniform  rotation  due  to  cyclic 
irregularity  of  the  engine  must  not  exceed  2^  electrical  degrees 
(shaft  degrees  multiplied  by  the  number  of  pairs  of  poles).  An 
expression  in  terms  of  cyclic  speed  irregularity  is  usually  preferred 
by  the  engine  makers.    The  following  is  a  convenient  expression  : — 

Permissible  limit  of  cyclic  speed  irregularity  =    1/a,  where — 
\\a  =  1t\&  X  (number  of  poles)  ; 

k  is  the  number  of  engine  impulses  per  revolution. 

(J>)  To  avoid  trouble  from  resonant  hunting,  sufficient  fly-wheel 
effect  should  be  provided  to  ensure  that  the  natural  frequency  of 
the  machine  shall  be  at  least  20  per  cent,  different  from  the  frequency 
of  the  predominating  engine  impulse.  The  predominating  impulse  in 
a  2-  or  4-8troke  cycle  engine  always  occurs  with  the  frequency  of 
the  cam-shaft,  and  is  independent  of  the  total  number  of  cylinders 
contributing  to  the  turning  moment  diagram.  T..u3  in  a  2-cycle 
engine  running  at  200  K.p.m.  the  fly-wheel  would  Le  designed  to 
give  a  natural  frequency  below  liiO.  but  in  a  4-cycle  engine  running 
at  200  H.I-..M.  the  cam-shaft  speed  being  100  k.p.m  .  it  would  be 
necessary  to  design  the  fly-wheel  to  keep  within  a  natural  fre- 
quency of  HO  per  minute. 

For  operating  alternating-current  generators  of  ordinary  regula- 
tion, the  total  amount  of  fly-wheel  effect  required  for  each  kilowatt 
of  rating  may  be  indicated  by  the  following  formula  : — 

r:i  X  poles  /  (strokes  per  engine  cycle)'^/K.i'.M. 


Di8cnH.sio.v. 

PuoF.  B.  Thkklfali,  said  that  owing  to  the  concentrated  style 

of  the  paper  he  had  had  great  difficulty  in  following  it.     He  drew 

attention  to  the  fact  that  one  term  in  the  formula  for  the  "  natural 

frequency "'  of   an   alternator   appeared    to   depend    on   the    other 


machines  with  which  the  alternator  in  question  might  happ 
be  in  parallel,  and  asked  whether  it  would  not  be  necessa 
calculate  a  fresh  natural  frequency  every  time  a  new  unit 
added  to  the  station. 

Dr.  Kapp  said  that  it  must  not  be  thought  that  the  paper 
referred  only  to  the  older  type  of  steam  alternators  ;  it  also  con- 
cerned turbo-alternators.  A  discrepancy  existed  between  Gold- 
schmidt's  formula  and  his  figures,  and  the  author  in  his  reply 
should  state  whether  he  considered  the  formula  or  the  figures 
correct.  No  reason  was  given  why  the  flux  to  be  taken  into 
account  in  calculating  the  E.M  F.  of  self-induction  should  be  just 
one-half  of  the  total  self-induced  flux.  From  a  careful  investiga- 
tion made  by  Schueler  on  machines  installed  in  four  central  stations, 
it  was  shown  that  in  all  cases  the  time  of  swing  was  shorter  than 
corresponded  to  Rosenberg's  formula,  so  that  he  was  inclined  to 
consider  Punga's  method,  adopted  by  the  author,  to  be  the  more 
reliable  method  ;  but  it  should  not  be  worsened,  as  the  author  had 
done,  by  the  introduction  of  Hobart"s  very  arbitrary  correcting 
factor  of  one-half.  This  correction  made  a  difference  of  11  per 
cent,  in  the  predetermined  periodic  time. 

Du.  Su.MPNER  drew  attention  to  the  simplification  resulting  from 
using  a  consistent  system  of  units  in  all  engineering  formula?,  and 
urged  in  particular  that  electrical  engineers  should  try  to  express 
all  quantities  in  electrical  units  as  far  as  possible.  Thus,  instead  of 
reckoning  the  fly-wheel  energy  in  foot-tons  per  kilowatt  (at  normal 
speed  and  full-rated  load)  it  was  convenient  to  regard  this  energy 
as  so  many  seconds  of  full  load.  The  machine  instanced  in  Case  1 
had  an  output  of  1,.")00  Kw.  and  a  fly-wheel  effect  of  9,000  foot-tons. 
A  foot- ton  was  equivalent  to  a  kilowatt  output  for  3  seconds,  whence, 
in  the  case  cited,  the  fly-wheel  energy  corresponded  with  the  full 
load  for  19'2  seconds.  If  this  fly-wheel  time  in  seconds  were  called 
t,  and  if  p  denoted  the  ratio  of  the  short-circuit  current  to  the  full- 
load  current  of  the  machine,  and  if  /  were  the  frequency,  the 
ordinary  formula  for  the  period  of  the  "  hunting  "  became  2  \/  -n-jp  tff, 
and  the  speaker  had  used  this  formula  for  many  years.  The  only 
uncertain  quantity  in  the  formula  was  ji.  But  if  corrections  were 
introduced  in  accordance  with  the  author"8  views,  the  calculated 
time  would  become  close  to  the  value  actually  found. 

De.  M.  Kahn  said  Air.  Everest  gave  in  very  small  space  the 
necessary  information  to  determine  the  size  of  the  fly-wheel  of  a 
prime  mover  suitable  for  an  alternator.  Most  of  the  previous 
treatises  on  the  subject  gave  such  a  host  of  calculations  and 
formuhi'  that  the  average  engineer  would  very  seldom  have  time 
to  read  them.  He  agreed  that  the  distortion  method  gave  the  most 
accurate  results,  but  he  differed  from  the  author  in  one  part.  In 
calculating  the  synchronising  power  Mr.  Everest  only  took  one 
half  of  the  reactance  into  account,  saying  that  the  total  reactance  ' 
flux  contained  a  part  which  crossed  the  air-gap  and  passed  along 
"  the  pole  face."  No  deduction  need  be  made  from  the  reactance  in 
calculating  the  synchronising  power. 

Mr.  J.  Martin  said  that  it  was  clear  that  in  calculating  the 
cress  current  at  normal  excitation  only  the  air-gap  ampere-turns 
could  be  assumed  as  being  effective  in  producing  it.  With  regard 
to  the  reactance  voltage,  a  statement  was  made  that  only  half  the 
total  value  should  be  taken,  the  other  half  being  already  accounted 
for  in  the  distorting  effect  on  the  field.  This  seemed  to  him  at 
first  to  be  allowing  for  too  much  leakage  flux  across  the  air-gap,  but 
he  had  had  some  machines  checked  up  of  the  ordinary  salient-pole 
engine-driven  type,  and  found  that  the  leakage  flux  across  the  air- 
gap  actually  did  account  for  about  half  the  totalleakage  flux.  Mr. 
Everest  pointed  out  that  for  a  4-cycle  engine,  running  at  200  R.P.M., 
the  fly-wheel  effect  should  be  such  as  to  give  a  natural  frequency  of 
.SO  per  minute.  This  meant  a  heavy  and  conse(|uently  expensive  fly- 
wheel, but,  in  his  opinion,  it  was  better  practice  to  do  this  than  to 
attempt  to  get  the  natural  frequency  of  the  revolving  parts  to  lie 
between  a  frequency  corresponding  to  the  predominate  engine  impulse 
and  twice  this  frequency,  that  was,  to  lie  between  100  and  200  per 
minute.  One  was  always  liable  to  get  too  near  to  either  one  or  the 
other  of  the  frequencies,  between  which  only  satisfactory  running 
cfiuld  be  obtained.  The  most  that  could  be  said  for  the  plants 
designed  to  work  with  the  light  fly-wheel  was  that  at  the  best 
they  were  running  moderately  well. 

Db.  E.  RosENJiioiu;  (communicated)  :  Mr.  Everest  was  correct  in 
pronouncing  that  the  synchronisiD;^'  currents  for  running  condi- 
tions were  considerably  higher  than  the  figures  from  the  short- 
circuit  test,  especially  if,  according  to  his  theoretical  considerations, 
only  the  air-gap  ampere-turns  were  taken  into  account.  Recently 
he  had  been  able  to  make  experiments  with  two  sets  of  synchronous 
motor- generators  ;  the  measurements  showed  quite  clearly  that  the 
synchronising  power  for  a  given  angle  of  deviation  was  considerably 
greater  than  that  which  would  be  meaeured  from  the  short-circuit 
t«st  with  no  load  excitation.  But  he  had  never  considered  it 
possible  to  figure  the  critical  value  of  the  fly-wheel  effect  to  an 
accuracy  of  a  very  few  per  cent.,  and  then  to  make  the  fly-wheel 
just  20  per  cent,  heavier  than  the  critical  value.  If  it  was 
not  possible  to  make  the  fly-wheel  much  heavier,  he 
would  certainly  use  dampers,  and  take  care  that  the  engine 
impulses  of  the  critical  duration  were  sufficiently  equal- 
ised, 80  as  not  to  be  too  high  for  the  damper.  He 
had  found  in  practically  all  cases  that  the  simple  short-circuit 
calculation  tallied  sufficiently  well  with  the  actual  results.  Two 
inaccuracies  were  introduced,  which,  however,  fortunately 
counteracted  each  other,  and  gave  a  reasonably  accurate  result. 
The  distortion  method  advocated  by  Mr.  Everest  was  considerably 
more  complicated  than  the  short-circuit  method,  and  was  based  on 
a  good  number  of  calculated  constants  and  coefiicients.  With 
regard  to  "fly-wheel  requirements,"  he  much  preferred  to  have  as 
one  condition  a  certain  minimum  cyclic  <l>  irregularity  specifled 
than  a  permissible  angular  deviation  of  2  J  electrical  degrees.  For 
high  -speed    machines    this    "  permissible "    deviation    gave    quite 


Vol.72.     No.  1,HIJ,  Makcii   11,191: 


THE    ELECTRICAL    HE  VIE.  W. 


407 


impoBHible  reRiiltfl.  In  his  second  recommoiulalion,  Mr.  KvcrcMt 
■did  not  coiiHidor  the  necessity  which  vory  oftoii  aroHe  in  connection 
with  mulliplo  foiir-Htroke  cycle  (ran  cnifincH  to  work  with  »  (ly- 
whcel  between  the  critical  valucH  Tor  impulrcH  of  the  duration  of 
one  revolution,  and  thoHO  of  two  revolutionH.  The  exprcBHion 
"fre(iuency  of  the  prodomiiiatinfr  enj^ine  inij>ul«e"  nii|;ht  give  rihe 
to  a  HcriouH  niisundcrHtandin^'.  i)anii)er  windin)(H  on  the  Held  poles 
were  of  the  ifreatcHt  importance  in  the  case  of  low-speed  two- 
cylinder  double-actintr  four-cycle  pas  entrines,  and  allowed  them  to 
8ave  many  tons  of  lly-wheel. 

M«.  BuADiiuuv  said  that  wince  the  double-actintf  tandem  gas 
en|;ine  of  the  Nurnberjf  type  claimed  so  trood  a  cyclic  irre^rularity 
»8  2^.0  (jood  parallel  operation  was  larjrely  dependent  upon  the 
desi^'n  of  the  alternators.  Alternators  were  best  suited  for  parallel 
ruonin^r  if  desipned  to  have  small  internal  resistance  and  low  self- 
induction,  or,  in  other  words,  if  dasigned  fors:ood  voltntre  rcRulation, 
because  then  the  synchronising'  current  for  a  given  anple  of  dis- 
placement was  the  (jreatest.  Ilis  experience,  however,  had  been  rather 
with  pas-entrine  driven  alternators  similar  to  each  other  and 
designed  for  a  special  purpose  to  have  a  high  armature  reaction  in 
order  to  get  constant  load  independent  of  sudden  changes  in  the 
resistances  of  the  external  circuits.  If  these  machines  were  in 
parallel,  then  for  all  conditions  of  load  the  power  was  equally 
divided  between  them.  If,  however,  the  alternators  were  of 
different  de.-^ign,  and  one  machine  had  a  much  lower  self-induction 
than  the  other,  the  characteristic  curves  crossed,  and  only  at  the 
point  of  intersection  was  the  load  proportionately  distributed 
between  the  machines.  It  followed  that  alternators  having  dis- 
similar characteristics  and  running  in  parallel  required  for  every 
load  condition  a  different  value  for  excitation  current.  It,  there- 
fore, seemed  that  in  designing  an  alternator  for  parallel  running 
one  ought  to  compromise,  if  necessary,  between  the  best  value  for 
the  natural  frequency  of  the  alternator  and  the  correct  eelf- 
induotion  to  give  a  characteristic  curve  similar  to  that  of  the 
alternator  with  which  it  was  intended  to  operate. 


DiscrssiON  IX  London. 

Prop.  Miles  Walker  said  the  avoidance  of  resonance  was  of 
increasing  importance  now  that  the  Diesel  engine  was  bringing  the 
fly-wheel  type  of  machine  to  the  front  again.  He  iwelcomed  a 
better  formula  than  that  previously  available,  although  it  had  not 
proved  so  very  inaccurate  in  use.  When  dealing  with  machines 
having  considerable  saturation  on  the  pole  face,  such  as  turbine- 
driven  machines,  ampere-turns  on  the  pole  fafe  were  just  as 
important  as  ampere-turns  on  the  air-gap.  In  the  past  the  bad 
reputation  of  high-frequency  rotary  ^converters  was  often  due  to 
resonance  in  conjunction  with  disturbances  in  the  supply.  This 
was  to  be  expected  with  approximate  methods  of  design,  and  the 
formula  in  the  paper  would  be  of  assistance  to  designers.  The  old 
rules  were  not  so  very  much  at  fault,  as  shown  by  some  curves  got 
out  by  Dr.  Rosenberg,  in  which  the  calculated  curve  due  to 
Mr.  Everest  fell  just  outside  the  curves  obtained  by  the  old  rule, 
showing  that  the  latter  was  on  the  safe  side. 

Dr.  S.  p.  S»iith  said  the  author  enabled  one  to  calculate  a  little 
more  exactly  than  previously.  Resonance  effect  was  a  most  com- 
plicated matter,  and  the  difficulties  to  which  it  gave  rise  were 
shown  by  a  case  where  three  gas  engines  would  not  run  in  parallel, 
lightly  loaded,  when  one  was  independently  supplied  with  gas,  and 
the  other  two  were  supplied  from  a  common  pipe.  If  the  effect  of 
the  polar  arc  had  to  be  taken  into  account,  he  thought  the  power 
factor  should  also  be  considered  :  the  position  of  the  flux  was 
affected  both  by  the  load  and  by  its  phase  with  regard  to  the  pole 
centre.  One  could  get  rid  of  the  power  factor  effect  by  using  the 
non-salient  pole  machine  ;  it  was  a  nearly  ideal  machine. 

A  lengthy  communication  having  been  read  from  Dr.  Rosenberg, 
in  which  he  expressed  his  agreement  theoretically  with  the  author, 
but  considered  the  usual  methods  had  always  proved  satisfactory, 
Mr.  Evereist  briefly  replied  to  the  discussion. 


PRACTICAL    NOTES    ON    EARTHING 
FACTORY    APPARATUS. 


By  E.  p.  AUSTIN,  A.M.I.E.E. 


The  necessity  of  "  earthing  "  factory  motors  and  accessories 
is  patent  to  everyone  who  is  connected  with  workshop 
electric  driving,  but  the  means  sometimes  employed  leads  to 
the  conclusion  that  earthing  is  best  left  alone  unless  properly 
caiTied  out,  as  a  false  sense  of  security  amongst  workmen 
may  lead  to  fatal  results. 

The  Home  Office  terms,  "well  and  efficiently  earthed," 
are  vague,  and  leave  much  to  the  interpretation  of  inili- 
viduals.  As  a  result,  there  are  no  hard  and  fast  methods 
applicable  to  all  cases,  but  the  principles  underlying  the 
practice  are  well  defined,  and  can  be  applied  in  all 
circumstances. 

Briefly,  the  points  to  consider  are  these  :  Good  conduct- 
ance of  the  earthing  system  ;  mechanical  strength  of  the  contacts 
and  bond  wires  (where  such  are  necessary)  ;  bond  and  earth 
wires  to  carry  the  maximum  current  that  will  operate  the 
fuses,  &c.,  on  any  circuit  without  danger  of  fusion  :  and 


the  earthing  point  or  poinUi  Hhould  be  amnwU^]  to  a  town 
or  other  reliiible  waUT  supply  wherever  i/<H.'<ib!e. 

'I'lu!  iiictliod  of  ctirtliiDg  will  dep«;n'l  on  the  «yHtf;m  of 
wiring  employed  about  the  factory.  With  metal -sheathed 
cables  of  variouH  kinds  it  is  a  common,  but  HfimetimeH  bad, 
practice  to  itond  m(>tf)r  cmhch,  I'Cc,  on  U)  the  («b]e  sheathing, 
bridge  all  junctions  with  a  lx)nd  wire  and  clip,  and  rely 
entirely  on  the  sheathing  for  "earth  "  circuit  conductance. 

Screwed  conduit  is  generally  xjnsidered  an  ideal  pro- 
tection for  all  earthing  pnrixjses,  without  the  provision  of 
additional  earth  wires  or  bonds  to  ensure  good  conductance. 
For  normal  situations  and  runs  of  moderate  length  this  i», 
no  doubt,  the  case,  and  gives  ample  protection  for  conductors 
becoming  "  earthed  "  to  the  tubing  itself,  but  for  long  runs 
and  situations  where  the  tube  joints  are  ti'eated  with  water- 
proofing material,  auxiliary  earthing  conductors  are  necefisary. 
The  armouring  of  steel  tape  or  st«el  wire  armoured  cables 
provides  efficient  conduction,  but  there  remains  the 
difficulty  of  jointing  the  armouring  at  junctions.  Probably 
the  best  method  of  bridging  steel  ta[^  armour  joints  is  to 
clamp  the  cable  near  the  end  of  the  armourin<.'  with  a  cast- 
iron  clamp  and  drill  a  hole  in  the  end  of  the  steel  tape  to 
take  a  bolt  for  connecting  the  lug  of  the  bridge  wire,  a 
spring  washer  being  used  for  security  under  the  nut.  Wire 
armouring  can  best  be  connected  by  means  of  a  cone  clamp, 
having  an  attachment  to  take  the  earth  wire  connection. 

Lead-covered  cables  of  various  .kinds  are  often  a 
source  of  trouble  and  uncertainty  when  apparatus  is  im- 
properly earthed  on  to  the  lead.  Wiremen  frequently  leave 
earth  wires  merely  twisted  tightly  round  the  had  sheath, 
with  the  result  that  the  first  fault  causes  the  lead  to  melt 
at  the  point  of  contact  and  leaves  the  faulty  apparatus 
unearthed  and  dangerous. 

Lead-covered  cables  are  quite  suitable  for  factory  work 
when  properly  installed,  but  the  earthing  should  be  carried 
out  by  an  auxiliary  conductor,  to  which  all  apparatus  and 
cables  should  be  bonded.  As  a  precaution,  all  adjacent  cables 
should  be  bonded  and  all  bond  wires  should  be  plumbed  on. 

A  refinement  in  a  complete  earthing  system  is  the  use  of 
insulated  earthing  cables,  which  are  earthed  at  one  point 
through  indicating  and  recording  devices.  Its  usefulness 
lies  in  the  ready  indication  of  faults  developing  from  small 
leakages,  and  a  serious  breakdown  of  plant  may  be  prevented 
by  prompt  attention.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  advisable  to 
earth  at  more  than  one  point,  in  which  case  the  use  of 
indicators  adds  complications  to  the  system,  which  are 
undesirable. 

The  method  of  providing  an  efficient  connection  with  the 
body  of  the  earth,  requires  special  attention.  Earth  plates 
buried  in  a  shop  floor  are  most  unreliable,  and  lead  to  the 
development  of  dangerous  conditions.  As  a  case  in  point, 
the  writer  has  known  the  whole  irouwork  of  a  shop  bay  to 
be  alive,  due  to  a  faulty  motor  bemg  supposedly  earthed  on 
to  a  plate  buried  in  ashes  G  ft.  in  the  ground,  and  12  ft. 
from  the  nearest  iron  stanchion  supporting  the  roof. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  a  low-resistance  connection 
between  structural  ironwork  and  live  conductors  is  quite 
sufficient  to  mamtain  such  ironwork  at  high  potential  with- 
out appreciable  leakage  current  flowing.  If  we  bear  in  mind 
the  Board  of  Trade  regulations  for  electric  tramways  which 
call  for  the  standards  carrying  guard-wires  to  be  earthed  to 
the  rail,  because  their  connection  with  earth  is  variable  and 
imperfect,  it  is  reasonable  to  supiwse  that  the  practice  of 
relying  on  earth  plates  is  bad. 

Assuming  that  the  main  earthing  system  is  good,  the  point 
and  method  of  connection  to  individual  apparatus  remains  to 
be  considered.  In  the  case  of  a  motor  with  its  bedplate  or 
rails,  each  should  be  earthed.  ilerely  to  earth  the  bed  is 
unreliable,  since  the  grease,  \c.,  between  it  and  the  motor 
is  sufficient  to  cause  a  high-resistance  connection.  Switch  and 
starter  gear  mounted  on  an  iron  frame  should  be  individually 
bonded  on  to  the  earth  wire,  together  with  the  iron  frame. 

Earth  wires  should  always  be  sweated  into  lugs  for  con- 
necting purposes  ;  merely  fixing  a  wire  under  a  bolthead  is 
mechanically  and  electrically  unreliable. 

It  cannot  be  too  strongly  emphasised  that  earthing  con- 
ductors require  quite  as  much  care  in  installation  as  service 
conductors.  The  failure  of  the  latter  is  often  serious  in 
effect,  but  not  necessarily  dangerous,  whereas  the  faUnre  of 
earth  wires  is  not,  as  a  rule,  known  until  an  accident  happens. 


453 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,842,  March  U,  1913. 


Tliev  are  the  bulwarks  between  insulation  breakdown  and 
dan<rer  to  life,  and  consecjuently  should  be  installed  in  a 
manner  beyond  reproach.  Earth  connections  are  exposed  to 
all  the  stress  of  dirt,  damp  and  other  risks  of  mechanical 
damage,  and  call  for  extreme  care  in  erection. 

The  type  of  clamp  used  should  have  large  contact  area,  and 
generally  should  be  soldered.  Toothed  clamps  should  not  be 
used,  as  the  c-ontact  area  is  small,  and  deteriorates  with  time. 
They  are  particularly  harmful  for  lead-covered  cables,  as 
they  sometimes  puncture  the  lead. 

A  most  important  point  in  factory  and  workshop  work  is 
safeguarding  portable  apparatus  of  all  kinds.  The  danger 
of  shock  from  portable  drills,  hand  lamps,  &c.,  has  con- 
siderably hindered  the  extended  use  of  electric  tools,  to  the 
loss  of  the  manufacturer.  A  "  live "  portable  device  has 
more  elements  of  danger  than  any  other  piece  of  apparatus, 
since  it  may  be  used  in  a  damp  situation,  or  the  operator 
may  be  standing  on  a  wet  floor,  and  it  must  of  necessity  be 
firmly  gripped. 

Two  sjstems  of  earthing  are  commonly  used,  namely,  a 
flexible  metal  tube  carrying  the  wires,  or  alternatively  a 
\vire-armoured  flex,  and  a  three-core  flexible,  one  core  being 
used  for  the  earth  wire.  For  damp  situations,  the  three- 
core  flexible  cable,  if  suitably  covered  and  compounded,  is 
the  better,  as  the  metal  coverings  retain  the  wet,  and 
frequently  set  up  corrosive  action  on  the  insulation,  with 
resultant  breakdown. 

Wall  connectors  and  plugs  need  careful  selection,  and 
should  be  constructed  of  cast-iron,  and  so  arranged  that  the 
removable  portion  (on  the  flexible  cable)  makes  definite 
earth  contact  before  any  "  live  "  contacts  are  encountered. 
A  handle  should  be  provided  on  the  plug,  and  arranged  so 
that  the  flexible  is  clear  of  it,  to  avoid  risk  of  injury  in  case 
the  cable  fuses  at  the  bushing.  All  the  apparatus  nmst  be 
"  foolproof,"  and  withstand  rough  and  careless  usage  from 
unskilled  labour. 

Hand  lamps  are  best  constructed  of  hard  wood,  with  a 
locked  wire  guard  on  the  lamp  to  prevent  the  possibility  of 
a  workman  removing  the  lamp  and  getting  a  shock.  There 
are  several  good  makes  on  the  market  which  conform  strictly 
to  Home  Ottice  rules,  and  do  not  require  an  earth  conductor 
in  the  flexible. 

The  writer  hopes  that  the  abo\e  remarks  will  serve  to 
impress  the  importance  of  earthing  on  the  minds  of 
wiremen,  &c.,  who  sometimes  treat  the  matter  as  a  fad  to 
satisfy  "  somebody's  rules." 


ELECTRICAL    TRANSMISSION    OF    COLOUR 
PHOTOGRAPHS. 


By  S.  M.  POWELL. 


It  is  well  known  that  in  the  ordinary  direct  system  of  tele- 
photy,  it  is  advantageous  to  employ  a  set  of  seven  photo- 
electric cells  in  order  to  eliminate  the  inertia  or  hysteresis 
effect  of  the  selenium.  The  cells  are  placed  very  close 
together,  are  shunted  across  the  line,  and  each  is  sensitive 
to  one  of  the  seven  fundamental  components  of  white  light 
(red,  orange,  yellow,  green,  blue,  indigo  and  violet). 

The  use  of  colour-sensitive  cells  naturally  suggests  the 
pos3ibility  of  transmitting  colour  photographs  over  an 
ordinary  telegraph  line.  The  solution  of  the  problem,  which 
is  described  below,  is  closely  related  to  multiplex  telephony, 
since  at  least  three  d  istinct  high-frequency  electrical  oscillations 
are  transmitted  over  the  same  line.  Indeed,  it  appears  that 
the  fundamental  parts  of  the  apparatus  required  are  e<|ually 
applicable  to  multiplex  telephony  and  to  colour  telephoty. 

Following  suggestions  made  by  Ruhmer,  Algeri  ilarino" 
has  evolved  an  elegant  system  for  the  electrical  transmission 
of  colour  photographs  by  the  use  of  three  oscillations  of  high 
bnt  different  frequencies,  derived  from  Poulsen  arcs.  The 
intensity  of  the  oscillations  at  the  transmitting  station  is 
controlled  by  analysing  light  beams  from  the  picture  to  be 
transmitted,  and  these  oscillations  are  employed  to  control 
other  arcs  at  the  receiving  station,  connected  in  circuits 
tuned  to  the  frequencies  employed.  Before  considering  the 
arrangement  of  the  sending  and  receiving  circuits,  however, 

*  See  also  a  recent  imne  of  L' Elettricitta. 


attention  may  be  called  to  an  important  method  of  decom- 
posing the  image  to  be  transmitted. 

In  the  Korn  and  Belin  systems,  which  have  given  the 
best  results  to  date,  decomposition  is  effected  by  the  heli- 
coidal  movement  of  a  cylinder  carrying  the  image  to  be 
transmitted.  The  reproduced  photograph  then  consists  of 
a  system  of  narrow  parallel  bands,  but,  however  close 
together  the  bands  may  be,  the  gap  between  them  can  never 
be  completely  eliminated,  hence  the  reproduced  image  is 
necessarily  imperfect. 

An  alternati\e  system  decomposes  the  image  by  the  move- 
ment of  two  films,  one  of  which  is  displaced  vertically  by 
small  successive  steps,  the  other  horizontally  at  constant 
speed.  For  good  results  the  vertical  moving  film  must  be 
displaced  with  extraordinary  accuracy — a  result  which  it  is 
not  easy  to  secure.  The  new  system  devised  by  Marino 
appears  to  be  as  perfect  as  it  is  simple. 

Referring  to  fig.  1,  an  opaque  diaphragm  having  perfora- 
tions of  equal  diameter,  and  equally  spaced  transversely, 
moves  uniformly  in  front  of  an  aperture  in  the  dark  chamber 
and  quite  close  to  the  plate  carrying  the  image  to  be  trans- 
mitted. The  diameter  of  the  perforations  is  from  0*7  to 
V'>  mm.,  according  to  the  fineness  of  working,  and  the  holes 
are  equidistant  horizontally  and  are  in  successively  lower 
bands.  As  the  diaphragm  moves  uniformly,  the  first  hole 
traverses  the  whole  image  opposite  to  the  first  band,  and,  as 
soon  as  this  hole  has  passed  from  one  side  to  the  other  of 
the  image,  the  next  hole  traverses  the  immediately  lower 
strip  thereof,  and  so  on.  Since  the  diameter  and  position 
of  the   holes  can  be  determined  with  high  accuracy,  very 


Fig.  3. 


perfect  decomposition  can  be  effected  and  no  discontinuities 
are  visible  in  the  repi'oduced  picture. 

The  horizontal  distance  between  perforations  may  be  equal 
to  the  breadth  of  the  plate,  but  it  is  better  to  make  it  some- 
what greater  so  that  an  interval  elapses  between  the  tracing 
of  successive  trips.  During  this  interval  (which  may  be 
regulated  by  the  spacing  of  the  holes),  the  seven  selenium 
cells  remain  in  darkness  and  are  thus  afforded  an  opportunity 
of  losing  residual  conductivity. 

Returning  now  to  the  sending  and  receiving  circuits  for 
colour  telephoty,  fig.  2  shows  the  transmitting  connections  in 
which  are  applied  the  fundamental  principles  evolved  by 
Ruhmer.  The  selenium  cells  are  in  three  groups,  of  svhich 
the  first  and  third  contain  two  cells  in  parallel.  Each 
group  is  shunted  in  a  battery  circuit  closed  by  a  self-induction 
coil  L  connected  in  the  supply  circuit  of  a  Poulsen  arc  as 
shown.  The  circuit  of  the  battery  may  be  closed  on  the 
inductance  coil  in  the  oscillating  circuit,  as  in  the  Campos 
system  of  wireless  telephony.  These  are  the  two  best 
arrangements  for  the  electrical  transmission  of  photographs, 
inductive  coupling  being  impossible  at  this  point. 


Vol.72.    No.  l.HC.',  Mai«,ii  II,  liMH.)  TIIKj      EIjJ'^CTUH'/M-      I'J'.VllSVV 


■\r,'.) 


The  three  I'oulsen  arcs  emit  coiitimionB  trains  of  waves  of 
difTerent  frciiiiuiicics  and  induce  coircs|)()ndinK  c.urrfnts  in 
the  lino  coilH  and  hence  Rupi'rinipoKe  three  dJHtinct  oscilla- 
tions in  tlic  line.  At  the  receiviii}^  station  (li^j.  :<)  three 
detectors  are  connected  in  tliree  distinct  resonant  circuits 
tuned  respectively  to  the  freiiueiu-ies  of  the  arcs  at  the 
aendinji;  station.  These  circuits  tc'rniinate  across  three 
I'oulsen  arcs  placed  close  togetlicr  as  shown,  and  in  front  of 
the  arcs  arc  three  coloured  screens — .•^i — a  mixture  of  red 
and  orange  ;  s, — a  mixture  of  yellow,  green  and  blue  ; 
Sj — ft  mixture  of  indigo  and  violet.  If  of  n(|uai  initial 
intensity,  the  beams  transmitted  tlirough  these  screens  form 
white  light  when  combined  by  the  lens  i,. 

It  should  be  noted  that  the  detectors  used  in  the  receiving 
circuits  must  have  unilateral  conductivity  ;  the  Forest 
audiou  valve  gives  the  best  results,  but  crystal  detectors  can 
also  be  employed  satisfactorily. 

At  tlie  sending  station,  the  beam  of  light  which 
traverses  the  colour  photograph  (ordinary  teleplioty),  or  the 
■objective  of  the  photographic  chamber  in  the  case  of  direct 
telephoty,  falls  on  the  seven  selenium  cells,  and  actuates  one 
•or  more  of  the  groups  according  to  the  constituent  colours 
in  its  composition.  The  waves  emitted  by  the  transmitting 
arcs,  and  hence  the  intensities  of  the  three  high-frequency 
line  currents,  are  correspondingly  modulated. 

At  the  receiving  station,  the  three  components  of  the  line 
current  are  tuned  out  and  rectified,  and  then  modulate  the 
luminous  intensity  of  the  arcs  behind  the  three  coloured 
screens  in  sympathy  with  the  variations  in  the  line  current 
components,  and  hence,  ultimately,  in  sympathy  with  the 
depth  and  colour  of  the  image  transmitted.  The  resultant 
combined  beam  at  the  receiving  station  is  identical  in 
colour  variations  with  the  original,  and  may  be  used  to  take 
colour  photographs  in  the  ordinary  manner.  In  order  to 
obtain  the  best  possible  separation  of  the  line  current  com- 
ponents at  the  receiving  station,  the  coupling  of  the  trans- 
formers T,,  I's,  T,,  (fig.  ;>),  should  be  weak.  At  the  sending 
station,  however,  the  line  transformer  coupling  must  be  as 
strong  as  possible. 

This  ingenious  system,  of  practical  as  well  as  theoretical 
interest,  marks  important  progress  in  the  electrical  trans- 
mission of  photographs  and  other  images. 


NOTES    FROM    CANADA. 


[from   OrR   SPECIAL   CORRESPONDENT.] 

A  CONTRACT  for  the  construction  of  a  1,500-ft.  dam  and  the 
installation  of  a  complete  hydro-electric  system  at  (irand'mere, 
<^uehec,  to  cost  about  £300,000,  has  recently  been  awarded. 
The  Grand'mere  Fall  is  on  the  St.  Maurice  River,  a  little 
north  of  Shawinigan  Falls  and  about  oO  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  which  flows  into  the  St.  Lawrence  at 
Three  Rivers.  According  to  the  Commission  of  Conser- 
vation, there  is  about  40,000  h.p.  available  under  a  75-ft. 
head  at  this  fall.  At  Sydney,  Nova  Scotia,  the  Dominion 
€oal  Co.  is  installing  a  20,000-K\v.  plant.  In  Ontario,  a 
great  deal  of  talk  is  going  on  respecting  electric  railways. 
Messrs.  Mackenzie  X-  Mann,  who  control  so  many  railway 
and  electrical  interests  here,  are  said  to  be  planning  a 
combination  of  all  radial  electric  railway  lines  in 
the  Province,  while  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  it  is 
stated,  contemplate  building  lines  which  will  compete  with 
the  Mackenzie  A:  Mann  scheme.  Still  another  proposal 
has  been  made,  viz.,  that  the  Hydro-Electric  Power  Com- 
mission should  construct  lines  linking  up  towns  wherever 
practicable :  these  last  would,  of  course,  be  owned  by  the 
people. 

The  municipal  authorities  of  Lethbridge,  Alberta,  are 
engaging  the  services  of  an  engineer  to  report  on  the 
■question  of  the  development  of  water  power  on  the  Belly 
and  St.  Mary's  Rivers,  which  run  through  the  adjacent 
territory.  For  two  summers  past  the  Commission  of 
Conservation  has  had  gauge  readings  taken  of  two  large 
rivers  in  the  Canadian  Xorth-West,  and  possible  water  power 
sites  examined.  It  is  said  that  during  the  season  of  naviga- 
tion (Jlay  to  November)  it  would  be  possible  to  utilise, 
under  a  total  head  of  130  ft.,  1,000,000  H.p.  at  various 
aapids  on  the  Slave  River,  and  that  "  the  volume  of  water  is 


enorniouH,  l)oing  the  combined  flow  of  the  l'e«c<:  and 
Athalmsca  Kivcrs  and  their  tribuluricH,  with  one  of  the  girat 
northern  lakes,  Luke  Athabusca,  acting  as  a  rewrvoir  to 
regulate  the  How.  .  .  .  Raw  maU-riul  for  pulp  and  lumWr 
induHtries  is  found  all  along  tlie  river,  and  at  the  rapidH." 

"The  Peace  River  (Janyon  has  long  be.-cn  renowned  for 
the  wild  character  of  its  water,  and  no  white  man  or  Indian, 
Ik;  he  ever  so  exfieriencx-d  in  river  work,  or  egged  on  by 
foolhardiness,  ever  attempts  to  run  its  rapids.  .  .  .  It  i« 
little  wonder  that  the  velocity  of  its  waters  should  Ije  so  great 
when  one  considers  that,  as  has  recently  l)een  ascertained, 
the  descent  from  head  to  foot  is  some  22.0  ft.  in  a  distance 
of  less  than  IH  miles.  .  .  .  The  total  minimum  water  power 
available  during  the  open-water  sriason  (May  to  November) 
is  estimated  at  400,000  ii.i'." 

The  Elpiliiral  Nivs,  published  in  Toronto,  recently  in- 
serted in  full  Mr.  Hamilton  Wickes's  re[X)rt  on  the  Under- 
writers' Laboratories,  Chicago,  with  which  readers  of  the 
Revikw  are  familiar.  In  the  last  issue  of  the  Klerlrical 
Neu'x  appears  a  letter  from  an  Englishman  resident  in 
Canada,  who,  while  writing  strongly  in  favour  of  the  work 
done  by  the  Underwriters'  Laboratories,  says  that  he  believes 
that  Canada  should  have  a  laboratory  for  testing  purposes 
either  under  the  (iovernment  or  Underwriters'  auspices,  whose 
rulings  would  be  accepted  by  the  American  Laboratory,  the 
Canadian  one  in  turn  accepting  theirs,  so  that  a  uniformity 
••of  ruling  would  exist.  Ho  also  states  that  '•  with  the 
institution  of  such  an  examining  body,  the  British  manu- 
facturers would  not  be  under  any  disadvantage  in  exporting 
goods  to  Canada." 


OUR  LEGAL  QUERY  COLUMN. 

[(?«?«< )fl7W  addressed  to   tins   colvvin   shifvld    le  urittcn  un  one  side 
of  the  i)aiter  only.] 


"Local"  writes:  "In  a  certain  town,  in  which  the  electricity  supply- 
undertaking  is  owned  and  worked  by  the  local  authority  under  a 
provisional  order  obtained  in  IS'JO,  a  horse  was  killed  as  the  "result 
of  an  electric  shock  obtained  through  the  roadway  being  made 
'  alive  '  by  a  fault  in  one  of  the  local  authority's  lighting  cables. 
In  the  said  provisional  order  the  following  clause  appear^^  : — 
■  The  undertakers  shall  be  answerable  for  all  accidents,  damages, 
and  injuries  happening  through  the  act  or  default  of  the  under- 
takers or  of  any  person  in  their  employment,  by  reason  or  in  con- 
sequence of  the  undertakers'  works,  and  shall  save  harmless  all 
authorities,  bodies,  or  persons  by  whom  any  street  is  repairable, 
and  all  other  authorities,  companies,  and  bodies  collectively  and 
individually,  and  their  officers  and  servants,  from  all  damages  and 
costs,  in  respect  of  such  accidents,  damages  and  injuries.' 

"  The  owner  of  the  horse  is  claiming  compensation,  but  the 
local  authority  deny  liability,  on  the  ground  that  the  claimant 
cannot  prove  negligence  on  the  part  of  the  local  authority. 

"  Is  the  said  local  authority  liable  for  damages  .'  " 

*^*  The  clause  above  referred  to  is  similar  in  terms  to  Clause  77 
of  the  Schedule  to  the  Electric  Lighting  Clauses  Act,  1SP9.  It  was 
held  that  the  corresponding  section  of  the  Tramways  Act,  1890, 
applied  only  to  a  wrongful  act  or  default,  and  does  not  make  the  pro- 
moters or  lessees  of  the  tramways  answerable  for  any  accident 
caused  without  negligence.  Brocklehurst  r.  Manchester,  kc. 
Tramways  Co.  (1880),  17  Q.B.,  D.  118.  In  the  latest  edition  of  WiUs 
''Electric  Lighting,"  it  is  submitted  (at  p.  202)  that  the  decision 
in  Brocklehurst's  case  isi/pra)  is  applicable,  and  the  undertakers 
are  only  answerable  for  such  accidents,  damages  and  injuries  if 
occasioned  by  the  wrongful  act  or  negligence  of  themselves  or 
their  employes  or  by  acts  or  omissions  amounting  to  or  causing  a 
nuisance.  This  appears  to  have  been  the  view  of  the  Divisional 
Court  in  Solomons  r.  Stepney  Borough  Council  (ji  L.Q.R.,  912). 

In  that  case  the  plaintiff  brought  suit  for  damages  for  injuries 
received  from  fright  or  shock  caused  by  an  explosion  in  a  street 
close  to  and  in  front  of  her.  The  explosion  emanated  from  a  man- 
hole, feeder-box  or  conduit  under  the  control  of  the  defendants, 
containing  their  electrical  cablfs.  An  expert  stated,  in  his  evidence, 
that  he  had  visited  the  scene  of  the  explosion,  and  had  heard  the 
accounts  of  those  who  had  witnessed  it :  that  he  should  imagine 
the  explosion  was  caused  by  a  leakage  of  electricity  causing  sparks, 
and  that  there  must  have  been  some  explosive  mixture — gas  in  all 
probability — accumulated  in  the  conduit.  If  the  conduit  and  works 
had  been  properly  ventilated  the  gas  would  not  have  accumulated, 
and  the  explosion  would  not  have  occurred.  It  was  held  that  there 
was  in  the  circumstances  evidence  of  negligence  to  go  to  the  jury, 
the  Lord  Chief  Justice  observing  that  in  such  a  case  the  mere 
evidence  of  the  explosion  was  sufficient  to  place  the  onus  of  proof 
on  the  respondents.  It  is  believed  there  was  a  case  some  years  ago 
in  which  damage  to  a  horse,"  occasioned  by  the  breaking  of  a  wire, 
was  recovered  against  the  Dublin  Corporation,  but  the  reference  to 
the  case  is  not  to  hand. 


'"AxOTUEK   IxtjiiRKK"   writes;    Your  reply   to  "Inquirer"  in 
your  issue  of  February  2^8t  exactly  answers  some  questions  I  waa 


460 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  72.   No.  i,842,  march  u,  1913. 


about  to  ask  vou.  Maj  I  trouMc  you  to  add  (")  what  a  "  licence  " 
is  :  (//)  how  "one  may  find  out  how  to  apply  for  it :  (c)  cost  of 
licence  :  (</)  can  one  proce«>d  to  supply  without  either  licence  or 
provisional  order  .'  (' )  I  presume  that  overhead  wires  are  subject 
to  Board  of  Trade  retrulations  whether  one  works  under  provisional 
order,  licence,  or  without  either  (the  latter  if  possible)  .' 

',*  A8to(«),  ■■  Another  Inquirer  ■'  will  find  the  last  word  about 
lioenoee  in  Sec.  3  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act,  1882.  In  Will's 
Law  of  Electric  Liphtinp  (11>12),  p.  7.">,  it  is  written  :  "  No  licence 
is  now  in  force,  and  an  application  for  a  licence  will  not  be  enter- 
tained by  the  Board  of  Trade  except  in  very  special  circnmBtances. 
The  object  cf  a  licence  was  experimental,  and  electric  lighting  has 
long  passed  the  experimental  stage."  A  provisional  order  is,  therefore, 
applied  for  when  power  is  sought  to  supply  electricity  for  lighting 
and  other  purposes. 

As  to  U')  and  (<•),  see  Sec.  3  of  the  Act  of  1882.  xupra. 

As  to  ill),  supply  without  licence  or  provisional  order  is  legiti- 
mate :  but  if  a  supply  is  already  being  given  under  licence  or 
provisional  order  by  a  company  or  local  authority,  no  other  person 
can  supply,  unless  his  business  is  not  primarily  that  of  supplying 
electricity  (*ee  Electric  Lighting   Act,  1909,  9  ed.  7c.  34,  Sec.  2S). 

As  to  ('■)  the  reply  (to  nse  a  familiar  Parliamentary  expression) 
ie  in  the  aifirmatiTe. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR,     1913. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 

Compiled  expressly  for  this  journal  by  Messrs.  W.    P.    Thompson  &    Co.,  j 
ElectriOBl   Patent  Agents,    285,    High    Holborn,    London,    W.C,    and    at 
LiTerpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inauiries  should  be  addressed. 


4,C11.  "  Telephone  repeater  system."  H.  E.  Biibeeve.  (Convention  date, 
February  24th,  1912,  United  States.)    February  2Uh.    (Complete.) 

4,612.  "Method  of  automatically  regulating  ihe  voltage  of  an  electrical 
machine,  subject  to  variation  of  speed."    W.  Meachee.    Ftbiuary  24ih. 

4,618.  "Selective  signalling  systems."  Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
(Western  Electric  Co.,  United  atates.)    February  24th.    (Complete.) 

4,641.  "  Electric  glow  lamps."  F.  Loewenstein.  Febiuary  24th.  (Ccm- 
plete.) 

4,070.  "  Ignition  systems."  C.  T.  Mason.  (Convention  date,  April  22nd, 
1912,  United  States.)    February  24tb.    (Complete.) 

4,671  "Electric  tachometeis."  N.  M.  Hopkins.  Ftbiuary  24th.  (Com- 
plete.) 

4,686.  "Switch  fuses."  Appabeillage  Gabdy.  (Boo.  Anon.)  (Convention 
date,  February  2Sth,  1912,  Switzerland.)    February  24th.    (Complete.) 

4,681.  "Devices  for  reverslBK  the  direction  of  tunning  of  polyphase  current 
commutator  motors."  (Bebgmann  Elektbicitats— Webke  Akt.  Ges.)  (Con- 
vention date,  March  12th,  1912,  Germany.)    February  24th,    (Complete.) 

4.692.  "  Devices  for  automatically  adjusting  the  time  of  ignition  of  internal- 
combustion  engines."  R.  Boscii  (Him  of).  (Convention  date,  March  14th, 
1912,  Germany.)    February  24th.    (Complete.) 

4.693.  "  Devices  for  automatically  adjusting  the  time  of  ignition  in  internal- 
combuslion  engines."  K.  Bosch  (flira  of).  (Convention  date,  March  14th,  1912, 
Germany.)    Febiuary  24th.     (Complete. | 

4,704.  "  Antiseptic  guards  for  telephone  mouthpieces."  C.  V.  Fvlleb. 
(Convention  date,  February  28ih,  1912,  Germany.)    February  24th.     (Complete.) 

4,723.  "  Muliiphabe  electric  furnace  for  fixation  of  nitrogen."  E.  K.  Scott, 
Febraary  24ih. 

4.725.  "  Means  of  regulating  arc  furnaces."      E.  K.  BcOTT.    February  24th. 

4.726.  "  Electric  fnrnace  for  the  fixation  cf  nitrogen."  E.  K.  Bcott. 
February  24tb. 

4.727.  "  Double  electric  lampbolder  with  a  special  bridge  for  easier  access 
in  wiring  for  use  in  corners,  crevices  and  tue  like,"  B,  Meakjsb. 
February  24th. 

4,773.  "  Electric  machines  having  commutators."  B.  L.iitngstbom  and 
A.  D.  WiusTBOM.  (Convention  date,  February  26th,  1912,  Sweden.)  February 
2atb.    (Complete.) 

4.777.  "Apparatus  employed  for  wireless  telegraphy  and  the  like."  F.J. 
CBAMBEiBs.    f  tbiuaiy  25ib, 

4.778.  "Apparatus  employed  for  wireless  telegraphy  and  the  like."  F.  J. 
Chambers.     F'ebruary  2otn. 

4.779.  "  Reciiving  apparatus  for  wireless  telegraphy."  F,  J.,  Chajibebs. 
February  2i>ib. 

4.787.  "Holders  (or  the  electrodes  of  electrical  arcs."  H.  Aveton. 
February  25tb. 

4.788.  "  Feeding  mechanism  for  electrical  arcs."  H.  Aveton.  February 
25th. 

4,792.  "  Impulse  transrsitters  for  automatic  telephone  plants."  G.  A, 
BKTi;i.Aiii>KH.  (Convention  date,  Febrnary  28tta,  1912,  Sweden.)  February 
25ih.    (Complete.) 

4,829.  "  Electrical  order  transmitting  systems  and  the  like."  E.  A.  Graham 
and  W.  J.  Rickets.     February  25ih.    (Complete.) 

4,8:15.  "Electric  switches."  Bhitish  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.  (General 
Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    P'ebruary  26ih, 

4,847.    "  Electricity  meters."    J.  El.ster,    February  2Sth.    (Complete.) 

4,858.  "  Electric  switch  attachments  forelocks."  J.  W.  Robins.  February 
26tb. 

4,862.  "  Resistance  boxes,  Wheatstone  biidges,  switches,  coDtact-makers, 
breaken  and  the  like."    T.  E.  OAMBaELi..    February  26th, 

1,867.  "  Electric  battery  hand  lamps."  W.  F.  Stephens  and  B.  Heap. 
February  26tb. 

4,8Cy.  "Controller  for  electric  lifts  and  hoists."  W.  J.  F.  Cooieb  and  F. 
Babixiw.    February  26lb. 

4,890.  "Pendulum  indicators  for  use  with  electric  boll  systems  or  for  like 
pnrpotn."    I.  H.  Pabsons  and  H.  R.  Wadoinoton.    Febiuary  26ih. 

4,907.    "  Incandescent  electric  lamps."    C.  Joly.    Febrnary  26lh. 

4,917.  "  Electric  ii;oiilon  and  lighting  apparatus."  F.  R.  biMMS.  February 
96tb. 

4,922.  "  Process  for  the  manufacture  of  artificial  thread  filaments,  or  other 
shaped  objects  from  copper  cellulose  sulution."  Verkinidte  Olanzstoff 
Fabrikeb  AKT.-OEh  and  E.  Bbonnebt.  (Convention  date,  September  2nd, 
1912,  Germany.)    February  'ifitb.    (Complete.) 

4.926.  "  Magazine  arc  lamps."  J.  Bbockib  and  Johnson  &  Phiij,ips,  Ltd. 
February  S6th. 

4.927.  "Electrical  contact  devices  particularly  applicable  to  arc  lamps." 
J.  Bhockik  and  JouksoN  A  Phjlliph,  Lid.    February  26ib. 

4,931.  "  Section  insulators,  supporting  ears  and  the  like  (or  overhead  con- 
doctota."    J.  ItAMi-cv  and  A,  W.  Maley,    February  SCtb. 


4.945.  "Electric  circuit  interrupting  devices."  British  Thomson-Houstok 
Co.,  Ltd.  (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)     February  26th. 

4.946.  "  Electric  arc  lamps."  Bbitish  TnoMSON-HoDSTON  Co.,  Ltd.  (General 
Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    February  26tb. 

4,965.  "  Ignition  apparatus  of  gas  engines."  C.  8.  Sydenham.  February 
27th. 

4,978.  "  Bbields  (or  the  holders  of  electrodes  of  electric  arcs."  H.  Ayrton. 
Febraary  2Tth. 

4,984.     "  Electric  level."    C.  C.  Collev.    February  27th, 

5.013.  "Generators  of  electric  current  for  ignition  purposes."  C.  A.  Van- 
debvku.  and  A.  B.  Midglev.    February  27th. 

6.014.  "  Electric  starting  and  lighting  arrangement,  more  particularly  for 
motor-cars  and  the  like."  C.  A.  Vandervkll  and  A.  H.  Midgley.  February 
27th. 

5,020.  "  Automatic  regulating  devices  for  use  in  connection  witb  variable 
speed  dynamos."  Compaonie  Francaise  povr  i.'Expi.oitation  deh  Procedes 
Thomson-Houston.  (Divided  application  on  19,537  of  1912,  August  26th.  Con- 
vention   date,    August  26th,  1911,  France.)    February  27th.    (Complete.) 

5,028.  "  Arrangement  of  the  filaments  of  incandescent  electric  lamps."  8. 
Charles.  (Convention  date,  February  27th,  1912,  Belgium.)  February  27th. 
(Complete.) 

5,040.  "  Transmitters  (or  wireless  telegraphy,"  C,  Schou.  Febraary  27th. 
(Complete.) 

5,060.    "  Telephone  apparatus,"    E.  A.  Graham.    February  27th.  (Complete.) 

5,063.  "  Combination  connection  adaptor  for  electrical  fittings  and  the  like." 
A.  Milham.    February  28th. 

5,078.  "Portable  electric  battery  lamps."  H.F.  Joel.  (Divided  Applica- 
tion on  5,170/12,  March  Ist,  1912.)    February  28tb. 

5,Ch2.  "  Submarine  signalling  apparatus.'  E.  C.  R.  Mares.  (Babmarine 
Wireless  Co.,  United  States.)    February  28tb.     (Complete.) 

5,088.     "  Electric  safety  lamps."    G.  A.  Dickie.     February  28th. 

5,117.     "  Electric  beatint;  elements."    J.  O.  Gibdlestone.    February  28th. 

5,132.  "Secondary  electrolyte  for  alkali  metal  manufacture."  E,  A.  Ahh- 
LHoi  T.     February  28th. 

S.l.'O.  "  Process  and  apparatus  for  producing  malleable  tungsten  and  other 
metal  at  very  high  temperatures."    J,  Canello.     February  28th. 

5,157.    "Electricity  meters."    J.  Elster.    February  28th.    (Complete.) 

5,l.'i8.  "Regulators  for  dynamo-electric  machines."  J.  R.  Johnstone  and 
T.  Ferguson.    March  Ist. 

5,173.  "  Magazine  arc  lamps."  A.  E.  Spencer  and  Johnson  &  Phillips, 
Ltd.     March  1st. 

5,194.  "  Overhead  electric  cable  equipment  for  power  or  lighting  purposes." 
F.  U.  Qilbodv.     March  Ist. 

5.199.  "  Electric  arc  lamps  for  projection."    A.  Schmidt.    March  1st. 

5.200.  "Overhead  system  of  driving  electrical  vehicles."  T.  Tiohe. 
March  1st. 

6,209.  "  Electric  incandescent  lights."  H.  W.  Fclleb.  March  Ist.  (Com- 
plete.) "" 

5,213.  "Electric  arc  lamps."  Sooth  Metropolitan  Gas  Co.,  and  D. 
Chandler,    March  let. 

5,228.  "Pendants,  or  the  like,  more  particularly  pendants  for  electric 
lamps."    A.  LuDEBS.    March  1st.    (Complete,) 

5,242.  "  Insulating  gloves,"  Bt.  Helens  Cable  and  Bobber  Co,  March  1st. 
(Complete.) 

6,249.  "  Electrical  impulse  tranfmitting  devices."  Automatic  Telephone. 
Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.  (Automatic  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)  March 
1st.     (Complete.) 

5,S50.  "Submarine  signalling  apparatus."  E.  C.  R.  Mares.  (Submarine 
Wireless  Co.,  United  States.)    March  1st,    (Complete.) 

5,253.  "  Electric  heating  apparatus."  London  Electbical  Trading  Co., 
Ltd.,  C.  0.  Bastian  and  J.  H.  Almond.     March  1st. 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  285,  High  Holborn,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1911. 

Electrical  Relays.    S.  G.  Brown.    27,953.    December  I2th.    (Cognate  appli- 
cation, No.  8,427  of  1912.) 


1912. 

COSTEOLLING  DyTJAMO-KLECTRIC  MACHINES  RONNINO  AT  VARYING    SPEEDS.      H,  F. 

Foster  and  A.  W.  S.  Pocklington.    3,105.     February  7th. 

Electric  Railway  Systems.  J.  J.  Deschamps.  3,123.  February  7th.  (June 
80th,  1911.     Patent  of  Addition  not  granted.) 

Electrical  Resistance  Bodies  and  the  Mamufactube  thereof.  G.  Cooper. 
3,325.     February  9tb. 

Process  and  Apparatus  for  Carbying  Out  Gas  Reactions  in  the  Electbic  Abc. 
A.  J.  Boult.  (Dynaniit  Akt.-Ges.  vorni.  Alfred  Nobel  &  Co.)  8,842.  Feb- 
ruary Otb. 

MglHOD  OF,  AND  APPARATUS  FOR,    GENERATING    HlGH-FRF.QCENCY    CURBENTS.      A. 

Heyland.    8,5.')5.    February  12th. 
Electric  Switches  and  the  Conductor  Connections  thereto.    H.  C.  Sheldon 

(Sacbsiche  Gruppenwechselschafter  Oes.).     3,690.     February  18th 
Telegraphy  and  Tklephonv  by  Bdbmabine  Cables,  Long-distance  Overhead 

Lines  and  the  Like.    J.  Scbiessler.    4,061.     February  17th.     (Convention 

date  not  granted.) 
Electrical  Switches.    A.  Wynne.    6.463.    March  5th.    (Cognate  application, 

Nu.  13.196  of  1912.) 
Electromagnbticallv-Operated    Switches.      British    Thomson-Houston    Co. 

and  E.  Garton.    5,576.    September  6th.     (September  5th,  1912.) 
Impregnation    and    Coating    of    Electrical    Apparatus    with    Insulating 

Material.    H.  W.  Turner.    6,856.     March  8th. 
Electrical  Conduit  Fittings.    L.   G.  Byng  and   T.  Taylor.     6,052.    March 

lltb. 
Electbically-driven  Demtai.  Enoineb  and  the  Like.    B.  M.  Eropman.    7,648. 

March  29th. 
Lampholdkr  for  Electric  Candles.    E.  J.  Wilson  and  Candolite  Co.    7,729. 

March  3'Jth. 
Alteenatino-curbent    Motors.      British    Thomson-Houston    Co.      (General 

Electric  Co.)    9,210.     April  18th. 
Electric  Connection  Fittings.    B.  Trood  and  J.  H.  Dale.    9,911.    April  26th. 
Production  of  Ductile  Iron  by  Electrolytic  Means.    H.   Plaueon  and   G. 

Tischeuko.     10,882.     May  7th. 
Ai'Paratus  for  the  Control  of  Electric  Circuits  in  Systems  Employing 

Variable-speed  Gknerators.    H.  Leitner.     11,175.     May  10th. 
Appakatub  for  Preventing  the  Fraudulent  Use  or  Theft  of  Eleotbioal 

Knf.roy.     M.  O.   Diaz  anil   Azatola  A.  y  Gresillon.     11,259.    Hay  Ilth. 

(Addition  to  No.  14,259  of  1908.) 


'1'  H  Si 


EXjECTI^IC-A.L    I?,E'V'IE"W- 


Vol.  LXXII. 


MAKCn  21,  1918. 


No.  1,843. 


ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


STKP]JOT     LIGHTING. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


CONTENTS:  M»rih  21,  lillS. 


[No.  ifite. 

P»gc 

Street  Lif]:htint<:        ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         .■•         ...  161 

The  German  Klectrical  Industry  in  11112  ...         ...         ...  4(>2 

Steam  Raisinf,'  Extraordinary       ...         ...  ...         ...         ...  462 

New  Type  of  Tramcar  ((7/?/j(.)       ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  46H 

R«Tiew8         46.S 

Correepondence : — 

The  lOlectro- Harmonic  Society  ...         ...  ...         ...  466 

Electric  Kriindintr        ...         .••         .-•         •••         .■•         •••  466 

Morse  Signalling  on  Submarine  Cables       ...         4C6 

The  "Load-Fa -:tor"  Question  466 

Le(fal 466 

Radiophares  near  Brest  (in«.?.)     ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  4<'>7 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittingrs  and  Plant  (Jiitt«.)      468 

BaeinesB  Notes         468 

Notes 475 

Messrs.  Parmiter,  Hope  &  Sugden's  Works,  Manchester  (ilhts.)  479 

Crane  Plant  of  an  Italian  Steel  Works  (illu.i.) 480 

City  Notes 485 

Stocks  and  Shares 490 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         491 

Trade  Statistics  of  Holland  493 

Relative   Efficiency  and   Advantages  of   Direct,  Semi-direct. 

and  Indirect  Lighting-    ...         4'.tS 

The  National  Insurance  Act,  1911  495 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Electric  Resistance  Welding ...         495 

The  Institute  of  Metals         497 

Recent  Developments  in  the   Street  Lighting  of  Man- 
cheater  (jZZ«*.)  497 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 500 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     500 


Contractors'  Column 


Advertisement  p{^es  xxiv  and  xxvi 


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THE    UNIVERSAL    ELECTRICAL    DIRECTORY 

(J.  H..  Reply's). 

1913   EDITION 


H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4,  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  E.C. 


[4( 


Tuic  interesting^  paper  read  by  Mcfwra,  Vcarcn  and  UatclifT 
before  the  Institution  of  KIec;trioal  KngiricTH,  at  four 
centrefi,  brinpjs  before  u.s  a{^ain  the  conflict  lx;twe<;n  tbc  ^as 
and  electricity  departments  of  the  Manciiestcr  Coritoration, 
a  Titanic  struggle  which  has  raged  naore  or  less  fien^ely  for 
20  years.  Seeing  that  sonic  corjxtrations  owning  electricity 
supply  undertakings,  but  not  gas  works,  have  been  known 
to  favour  electricity  for  street  lighting  even  when  an  unduly 
high  price  was  charged  for  it,  wc  are  not  disposed  to 
reproach  the  Gas  Committee  for  retaining  the  street 
lighting  in  its  own  hands  as  long  as  possible  ;  but 
we  have  no  doubt  that  the  citizens  of  Manchester  have 
paid,  not  only  in  money,  but  also  in  time,  convenience 
and  reputation,  many  times  over  for  the  questionable 
privilege  of  gas-lighted  streets,  and  the  fact  that  their  great 
city  is  universally  shunned  by  all  who  can  contrive  to  do 
their  business  elsewhere  is  probably  due  in  great  part  to 
the  funereal  gloom  with  which  its  streets  have  become  firmly 
associated  in  the  minds  of  its  visitors.  It  should  be 
borne  in  mind  by  those  responsible  for  lighting  parks,  and 
other  public  decorations  or  ornaments,  that  a  city  develops 
a  "  character  "  just  as  truly  and  inevitably  as  an  individual ; 
it  may  be  a  good  one  or  a  bad  one,  cheerful  or  gloomy — but 
whatever  it  be,  the  mental  impression  is  linked  with  the  very 
sound  of  its  name,  and  traffic  is  diverted  towards  or  away 
from  it  accorc^ing  as  the  impression  is  attractive  or  the 
reverse.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  public  representatives  to 
remember  all  these  things,  and  to  lose  no  opportunity  of 
improving  the  character  and  raising  the  status  of  their 
community.  Fortunately  for  Manchester,  the  Corporation 
has  at  last  realised  the  futility  of  expecting  impartiality 
and  altruism  from  a  Gas  Committee,  any  more  than  from  an 
Electricity  Committee,  and  has  appointed  a  new  Street 
Lighting  Committee  to  deal  with  the  subject  without  biaa 
towards  either  illuminant,  seeking  only  the  best  results  for 
the  benefit  of  the  public. 

The  authors  in  their  paper  (of  which  we  commence  an 
abstract  in  this  issue)  give  data  which  amply  justify  the 
report  of  Mr.  Haydn  Harrison  on  the  same  subject,  abstracted 
in  our  issue  of  November  1st,  1!)12.  It  will  be  remembered 
that  Mr.  J.  Abady,  who  carried  out  tests  at  the  same  time» 
also  agreed  that  the  gas  lamps  were  giving  an  illnmination 
far  below  their  rated  candle-power,  and  that  electric  lighting 
came  out  the  cheaper  ;  he  held  that  the  efficiency  of  the  gas 
lamps  could  be  greatly  increased,  but  if  so,  why  was  it  not 
done  ?  The  Gas  Department  had  as  free  a  hand  as  the 
Electricity  Department ;  "  each  was  to  do  its  best,"  say  the 
authors,  and  the  result  is  an  emphatic  and  unanimons 
verdict  for  the  flame  arc. 

While  we  hail  this  result  with  satisfaction — though  it  is 
no  more  than  we  expected — we  may  point  out  that  by  no 
means  the  last  word  has  yet  been  said  on  the  subject  of  the 
arc  lamp  for  street  lighting.       In  point  of  fact,  by  their 

1]  c 


462 


THE    ELECTKICAL    KEVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,84:?,  Mahch  21,  1913. 


careful  tests  tlie  author.-i  have  revealed  defects  in  the 
ordinary  design  of  shades  or  reflectors  and  globes,  and  have 
shown  that  these  may  have  a  very  marked  effect  upon  the 
uniformity  and  efficiency  of  the  illumination  obtained.  In 
passing,  we  are  inclined  to  rejrret  that  they  have  imported 
into  a  subject  already  sutliciently  complex  and  involved  a 
new  factor — a  suggested  standard  height  of  b  ft.  for  these 
measurements ;  the  proposed  international  standard  is  one 
metre,  wliich  is  in  general  a  very  convenient  lieight  and 
enables  results  to  be  compared  with  greater  confidence 
than  when  they  have  to  pass  through  a  conversion  process 
beforehand.  Even  yet,  it  appears,  the  authors  have  not 
completed  their  investigations,  but  it  is  clear  that  certain 
definite  conclusions  can  be  drawn  from  ih'i  work  already 
done — the  central  suspension  is  to  be  preferred  ;  partially 
frosted  globes  arc  i)ractically  as  ctl'ective  as  dioptric  globes  : 
and  flame  arc  lighting  has  nothing  to  fear  from  high- 
pressure  gas  lighting,  cither  on  the  score  of  cost  or  on  that 
of  uniformii  y  of  illumination. 

The  authors  have  also  demonstrated  very  plainly  the 
primitive  condition  in.  which  the  design  of  arc  lamp  globes 
remains,  and  the  remarkable  improvements  that  can  be 
effected  by  simple  means ;  it  is  surprising  that  greater 
attention  has  not  been  devoted  to  this  subject  by  the  makers, 
for  the  rei|airemeuts  of  lamps  for  street  lighting  have  been 
understood  for  many  years.  No  doubt,  in  view  of  the 
results  set  forth  in  this  useful  paper,  suitable  changes  will  be 
quickly  effected,  doing  away  with  the  drawbacks  in 
question. 


Af(ORi)iK(;  to  the  ri-port  of  the  Asso- 

Tho  German     elation  of  Electrotechnical  Special  Works, 

...     '.        which  claims  to  represent  practically  the 
Industry  in         ,,,,.,  K  i       i 

1J)12.  whole  of  the  industry  apart  from  the  three 

or  four  kuge  undertakings,  the  year  1912 
•was  favourable  to  the  special  works,  which  were  again 
able  to  secure  an  increase  in  the  turnover.  This  was 
accomplished  without  any  corresponding  addition  to  the 
number  of  workmen,  as  the  improvements  introduced  in 
manufacturing  enabled  the  firms  to  satisfy  the  greater 
requirements.  The  course  of  business  wa<  chiefly  stimulated 
by  the  erection  of  overland  stations,  the  large  demand 
experienced  from  industrial  establishments,  and  the  lapid 
extension  of  electric  lighting  in  private  dwellings.  Never- 
theless, the  financial  results  did  not  always  keep  pace 
with  the  volume  of  trade,  this  being  due  to  the 
sharp  advance  in  the  prices  of  copper,  brass,  lead, 
porcelain,  &c.  :  and  the  extra  charges  which  sime 
branches  impose  as  a  condition  in  connection  with 
contingent  rises  in  the  cost  of  materials,  were  only  able  to 
offer  partial  compensation.  Concerning  the  larger  turnover 
in  lit  12,  it  is  mentioned  that  this  principally  applied  to  the 
domestic  market,  the  export  trade  participating  to  a  lesser 
extent.  The  (;xports  to  Italy  suffered  from  the  effects  of  the 
war  in  Tripoli,  and  those  to  the  Balkan  States  from  the 
war  in  that  region.  It  is  considered  in  this  connection 
that  the  (ierman  firms  must  make  still  greater  efforts 
in  order  to  be  able  to  meet  the  native  electrical  works, 
rapidly  developing  under  the  protection  of  high  iinpoit 
duties" in  Italy,  Austria-Hungary,  Russia,  and  in  the  Scandi- 
navian countries  in  general,  and  Sweden  in  particular. 

After  these  general  observations  the  report  proceeds  to 
deal  with  the  dilTcrent  branches  of  the  industry.  In  the 
case  of  electri(»l  machinery,  the  interested  works  all  ex- 
fmrienced  good  sales.  Unfortunately,  however,  the  extra 
charges  made  for  rises  in  materials  were  only  applicable 
Uy  types  of  over  .")  n.i'.,  as  the  large  firms  excluded  the 
smaller  machines,  which  are  of  great  importance  to  the 
special  works,  from  any  improvement  in  prices.  The  cable 
department   was   satisfactory,   as   the  effects   of   the   cable 


syndicate  guaranteed  the  obtaining  of  profitable  prices, 
although  the  level  of  prices  was  depressed  in  many 
cases  by  the  operation  of  foreign  competition.  With 
reference  to  the  very  unfavourable  rates  realised  in 
!  !M  1  for  insulated  wires,  the  report  points  out  that  an 
imi^rovement  in  this  direction  was  effected  in  the  spring  of 
r.U2  by  the  formation  of  a  price  convention,  whilst  a  price 
syndicate  for  insulating  tubes,  the  manufacture  of  which 
had  long  been  unretnimerative.  was  also  constituted  towards 
the  end  of  lit  12.  On  the  other  hand,  the  department  for 
meters  continued  to  suffer  from  inadequate  prices,  especially 
owing  to  the  endeavours  of  the  large  firms  to  obtain  posses- 
sion of  the  supply  n'orks  of  communal  authorities. 

A  slight  improvement  took  place  in  the  arc  lamp  branch. 
It  was  found  possible  to  relieve  to  some  extent  the  pressure 
e.xerted  throusrh  the  operation  of  the  tax  on  lighting  appli- 
ances by  the  introduction  of  new  types  of  arc  lamps  having 
a  longer  lighting  duration,  although  the  tax  continued  to 
render  business  in  arc  lamps  difficult  in  the  home  market. 
The  competition  of  high  candle-power  metallic-filament 
lamps,  which  had  unfavourably  influenced  the  arc  lamp  ti'ade 
until  a  short  time  ago,  seems  to  have  reached  a  parting  of 
the  ways,  as  it  is  shown  that  arc  lamps  still  offer  undisputed 
advantages  over  wire  lamps  in  many  cases.  The  glow 
lamp  department  also  continued  to  labour  under  the 
disadvantages  of  the  lighting  tax  ;  not  only  on  account  of 
the  difficulties  which  the  tax  causes  to  the  woi'ks,  particularly 
the  small  glow  lamp  factories,  but  also  because  of  the 
exceptional  injury  which  has  recently  been  inflicted  on  the 
export  trade.  In  explanation  of  this  remark,  it  is  stated  that 
both  the  I'liited  States  and  Canada  have  now  for  some  time 
past  included  the  glow  lamp-tax  in  the  (Jerman  market 
value,  which  is  based  upon  m/  ralorem  duty,  so  that  the  rates 
of  duty  on  glow  lamps  of  (ierman  origin  have  been  increased 
and  have  a  prohibitive  effect.  The  manufacture  of  measuring 
apparatus  suffers  from  the  depression  in  prices  caused  by  the 
erection  of  new  works  of  small  size,  and  the  makers  of 
apparatus  for  heavy  currents  and  of  installation  materials 
also  complain  of  unfavourable  prices,  especially  for  staple 
articles.  In  conclusion,  the  report  refers  to  the  continuance 
of  the  monopiilistic  efforts  put  forth  by  the  large  manu- 
facturiuEC  establishments. 


It  has  often  come  within  our  province 
Steam  Raisinsr    ,      j     ,         ,,      •  ^  .i         j- 

■B  t ..     .1-  to  deplore  the  ignorance  of  the  ordinary 

newspaper  writer,  as  exhibited  whenever 
he  has  had  to  describe  any  mechanical  contrivance,  or  other- 
wise enter  upon  engineering  ground.  Of  late  years  some  of 
the  daily  pa])ers  have  professed  to  run  an  engineering  page  or 
two  every  week.  But  some  of  the  effusions  which  grace  the 
engineering  columns  of  the  daily  Press  are  painful  to  read. 
In  the  Sinndard  of  March  11th,  for  example,  there  is  what 
purports  to  be  a  description  of  a  new  system  of  boiler  feeding 
which  preserves  the  water-level  constant.  We  are  not 
finding  fault  with  the  appliance,  for,  to  begin  with,  the 
description  of  it  is  too  meagre  to  enable  either  praise  or 
blame  to  be  awarded.  But  we  do  object  to  the  verbose, 
bombastic  language  of  the  article.  A  steady  feed  is  desir- 
able, but  its  attainment  is  not  a  novelty.  There  are  many 
ways  by  which  it  has  been,  and  may  be,  attained.  But 
reasonable  and  small  variations  of  water  level  are  not  accom- 
panied by  those  horrible  symptoms  of  engineering  indigestion 
which  our  daily  contemporary  works  up  into  a  veritable 
witches'  cauldron  of  disease  to  be  exorcised  by  the  engineer, 
surgeon  or  physician.  These  apjieals  to  human  ills  and  the 
medical  profession,  as  applied  to  engineering  matters,  are  out 
of  place. 

Engineers  who  read  these  florid  and  overdrawn  descriptions 
are  prone  to  disregard  even  the  good  things  to  which  such 
misplaced  language  may  have  been  applied.  The  daily  Press 
should  surely  be  able  to  secure  the  services  of  writers  who, 
with  a  knowledge  of  technics,  combine  the  ability  to  employ 
plain  and  simple  descriptive  language  when  dealing  with 
mechanical  subjects.  We  have  all  long  ago  sickened  of  the 
"extraordinary,"  the  "revolutionary"  and  the  "unpre- 
cedented "  by  which  some  writers  think  to  goad  up  public 
interest  in  even  the  most  trivial  of  improvements  or  the 
worst  forms  of  perpetual  motion. 


Vol.78.   No.  i.MiM,  mauoh  21,  1913.]       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


468 


NEW    TYPE    OF    TRAMCAR. 


TUK  new  typo  of  Lmrucar,  illuHtrated  licrcwitli  and  now  in 
use  in  New  York,  offers  several  interesting;  features,  among 
wliieh  attention  may  first  be  called  to  tlic  very  low  platform 
level  secured  by  the  use  of  the  special  bogie-trucks  shown  in 
fig.  2.  From  the  passenger's  standpoint,  this  alone  is  a  most 
important  innovation,  and  one  which  is  confidently  expected 
to  reduce  considerably  the  present  annual  number  of  accidents 
occurring  when  mounting  or  descending  from  cars. 

The  longitudinal  members  of  the  car  framework  must 
generally  be  about  1  m.  above  street  level,  over  the  wheels,  in 
order  to  clear  the  latter,  but  there  is  no  reason  why  the 
chassis  should  not  be  sunk  between  the  bogies,  and  this  has 
now  been  done,  as  shown  in  fig.  1. 

The  new  car  is  carried  by  a  bogie  (with  one  motor  and  one 
trailing  axle)  at  each  end,  passenger  doors  being  arranged  at 
the  centre  of  each  side  of  the  vehicle.  The  side  frames  of 
the  bogies  and  the  side  members  of  the  chassis  are  so 
arranged  that  the  floor  of   the  car  is   as  low   as 


uuDwau 


Fig.  1. — New  Type  op  Tbamcar. 

while  permitting  free  rotation  of  the  bogies  on  curves  of 
40  ft.  radius.  The  driving  cabs  are  elevated  and  partitioned 
off  from  the  remainder  of  the  car.  The  leading  dimensions 
of  the  new  cars,  which  seat  51  and  provide  standing  room 
for  32-40,  are  as  follows  : — 

Leng'th  over  buffers  

Length  between  end  partitions  ... 
Overall  width 
Overall  height  above  rail 
Heigrht  of  step  (passengers') 
Height  of  floor  in  body  of  car    ... 
Height  of  floor  in  driver's  cab    ... 
Internal  height  of  car 
Minimum  height  above  rail 
Width  of  double  side  doors 
Distance  between  bogie  centres  ... 
Distance  between  axles     ... 
Diameter  of  driving  wheels 
Diameter  of  trailing  wheels 
Net  weight  of  chassis 

The  transom  of  each  bogie  is  mounted  on  inverted 
springs  hung  from  the  side  frames  of  the  truck,  and  a 
Westinghouse  motor  is  mounted  on  each  driving  axle. 


41  ft. 

34  ft. 

8  ft. 

3  in. 

9  ft. 

G  in. 

10  in. 

1  ft. 

4  in. 

2  ft. 

8  in. 

8  ft. 

7  in. 

3  ft. 

10  in. 

29  ft. 

5  ft. 

2  ft. 

6  in. 

1  ft. 

7  in. 

6'26  tons. 

8-833  m.  between  bcs.e; 


FiQ.  2. — Bogie  of  New  Oak. 

The  floor  of  the  car  consists  of  an  angle-iron  framework 
held  by  transverse  angle-irons,  to  which  are  riveted  the 
3-mm.  side  plates.  The  principal  cross-beams  are  152  x 
81^/1 75  mm.  and  the  joints  to  the  longitudinal  members  are 
stiffened  by  riveted  plates.  The  cross-beams  are  bent  to  suit 
the  depressed  floor  of  the  car,  and  are  connected  to  the 
buffers  by  double  Z-irons.  The  latter,  which  are  also 
bent  to  pass  over  the  motors,  carry  the  bearings  for  the  bogie 
pivots. 


The  side  doors  are  moved  fn  or  out  of  the  reccsK-s  »bown 
by  pneumatic  gear  controlled  by  the  conductor,  who  ia  pcatcd 
on  an  elevated  bench  at  the  rear  of  the  car.  Eight  tcjp 
ventilators  each  provide  the  air  supply  requisite;  for  l*u 
passengers.  The  opening  of  the  ventilators  is  aut^jmaliatlly 
controlled  by  the  car  springs,  so  that  the  air  supply  is  always 
proportioned  to  the  number  of  passengers  on  board.  In 
summer,  additional  ventilation  is  provided  by  ojjoning  the 
lower  part  of  the  side  windows.  Electric  heating  is 
provided,  when  requirc.'d,  chiefly  by  the  controller  rheofltats. 


REVIEWS. 


Povms.  By  E.  L.  Hill,  .M.I.Mech.H.,  A.M.I.E.E.  London  : 
The  Electrician  Printing  and  Publishing  Co.  Price 
28.  Gd.  net. 

That  an  engineer  may  be  an  artist  we  know  ;  but  it  is 
rarely  that  he  breaks  out  into  poetry,  and  when  he  does,  we 
usually  wish  he  didn't.  But  there  are  exceptions,  and  we 
are  glad  to  include  amongst  them  the  author  of  this  little 
book.  Although  a  mechanical  and  electrical  engineer,  Mr. 
Hill  does  not  drag  technicalities  into  his  poems  ;  these  are 
simple,  and  often  touching,  and  though  they  are  not  highly 
finished,  they  bear  the  stamp  of  true  and  earnest  sympathy 
with  life.  Some  slight  deficiencies  of  composition  and 
punctuation  may  well  be  excused  in  view  of  the  admirable 
sentiments  which  the  author  has  embodied  in  his  vei"ses. 


A  Primer  of  the  Internal-Corn (mstion  Engine.     By  H.  E. 

Wbiperis.  M.A.       London  :    Constable   ct.  Co.     191?.. 

Price  2s.  6d.  net. 

This  little  book  is  intended  for  the  use  of  students  in 
their  first  or  second  years  of  study.  It  is  well  arranged, 
and  commences  with  a  table  of  useful  constants  with  their 
initial  abbreviations.  Both  British  and  metrical  equivalents 
are  given,  and  we  welcome  the  metrical  equivalent  of  the 
United  States  gallon,  for  it  is  too  little  known  that  the 
United  States  gallon  is  only  about  four-fifths  the  capacity  of 
cur  10-lb.  imperial  gallon,  ignorance  of  which  fact  has,  to 
our  knowledge,  worked  injury  to  British  interests.  Some 
Americans  are  cute  enough  to  sell,  say,  a  1,000-gallon  article 
and  let  their  motto  be  Caveat  Emptor — Mr.  Emptor  buying 
the  large  number  of  gallons  in  ignorance  of  their  less  cubic 
measure. 

But  we  must  quarrel  with  Mr.  Wimperis  over  his  use  of 
the  bastard  c.H.r.,  which,  being  interpreted,  is  the  number 
of  heat  units  per  pound  per  degree  Centigrade.  Useful  it 
may  be,  for  we  have  sten  it  used  in  a  report  in  such  a  way 
as  to  deceive  the  unwary.  It  is  a  constant  which  ought  not 
to  he  allowed,  and  if,  as  may  happen,  an  engineer  may  need 
to  use  a  Centigrade  thermometer  when  working  with  pounds, 
he  ought  to  translate  his  results  into  one  or  other  system, 
and  not  use  such  a  likely  deception  as  the  Centigrade  pound 
heat  unit.     The  calorie  and  the  b.th.u.  are  sufficient. 

The  author  gives  a  brief  historical  resvme  of  the  gas 
engine,  and  gives  credit  to  Bean  de  Rochas  for  the  invention 
of  the  so-called  (^Lto  cycle.  It  still  puzzles  many  people  to 
know  how  Otto  could  uphold  his  patent  in  face  of  de  Rochas' 
earlier  patent.  But  de  Rochas  was  not  the  only  gas  engine 
inventor  who  did  not  profit  from  his  invention,  for  Clerk, 
who  invented  the  two-stroke  engine,  has  only  had  the  satis- 
faction of  feeing  it  adopted  in  some  of  the  best  modern 
engines.  Daimler  and  Diesel  complete  the  history  to  date. 
There  is  a  very  brief  section  on  fuels,  after  which  comes 
Chapter  II,  an  excellent  chapter,  only  marred  by  the  c.u.u. 
Why  not  have  introduced  the  F.  Calorie  while  on  the  job  of 
multiplying  these  units  r 

Chapter  III  is  a  good  exposition  of  the  laws  and  pio- 
perties  of  gases,  especially  the  note  on  volumetric  heat,  so 
useful  in  gas-engine  work. 

The  author  describes  entropy  as  a  quantity  which  cannot 
be  directly  measui-ed  or  simply  defined.  As  a  definition  of 
entropy    useful  to    the   engineer  whose   ideas    are   usually 

D 


464 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.  7J.  no.  i,843,  maboh  21,  1813. 


tied  up  to  the  VS.  diagraoi.  we  would  suggest  that  entropy 
be  defined  as  length  on  a  diagram  of  energy  of  which  the 
ordinates  are  temperature  :  just  as  the  ordinary  indicator' 
diagram  is  defined  as  an  energy  diagram  of  which  ordinates 
are  pressure  and  lengtli  (or  absciss:!')  is  volume.  This 
definition  is  really  that  given  in  this  book  at  p.  34. 

Chapter  IV  and  Y  deal  respectively  with  the  ideal  and 
the  real  engine,  with  its  various  mechanical  details,  but  as 
in  so  many  books,  when  the  exhaust  valve  opens  the  gases 
lose  their  interest  just  where,  in  practice,  they  begin  to  give 
trouble  and  make  themselves  heard.  When  "will  the  author 
arise  who  will  tell  ns  something  of  silencing  and  show  how 
to  silence  an  engine  without  loss  of  work  ?  The  author  treats 
of  the  horse-power  rating  of  petrol  engines,  but  does  not 
indicate  what  is  the  mean  pressure  on  which  ratings  are 
based.     Xor  is  the  rotative  speed  named. 

Fuels  are  treated  more  fully  in  Chapter  TI,  as  well  as 
gas  producers,  engine  details  in  Chapter  YII,  and  testing  in 
Chapter  Till. 

As  a  student's  book,  this  is  very  good  and  clear. 


Winding  Engines  and  Winding  Appliances.  By  Messr.*;. 
McClXLOCH  and  Fiters.  TiOndon :  Edward  Arnold. 
Price  21s.  net. 

As  mines  deepen,  the  problem  of  winding  becomes  more 
important.  The  output  of  a  coal  mine  is  measured  by  the 
quantity  of  coal  that  can  be  raised  at  the  shaft  rather  than 
by  the  capacity  of  the  miners  to  get  the  coal.  As  mines 
deepen,  the  amount  that  can  be  raised  per  day  must  be 
reduced  unless  there  is  a  corresponding  improvement  in 
winding  efficiency.  Winding  involves  the  starting  of  a 
heavy  load  from  rest,  and  its  acceleration  to,  say.  2,000  ft. 
per  minute,  with  final  reduction  to  rest,  also  without  shock. 

Fortunately,  for  deep  mines,  the  maximum  speed  can 
safely  be  higher  than  for  shallow  depths.  Thus,  any  lift 
may  be  divided  into  three  parts — acceleration,  steady  running, 
deceleration.  The  two  end  periods  may  be  alike  for  deep  and 
for  shallow  pits,  but  the  middle  steady  run  will  be  longer 
for  deep  pits,  though  not  proportionately  longer.  A  pit 
of  400  yards  is  wound,  let  us  say,  in  half  a  minute.  If 
it  were  1.400  yards  deep,  there  would  be  an  additional 
1,000  yards'  run  at  maximum  velocity,  and  if  a  maximum 
velocity  of  1,000  yards  per  minute  were  allowed,  this  extra 
depth  would  demand  1  minute  nearly,  or  a  total  time  of  3 
to  a  depth  ratio  of  :H. 

The  authors  introduce  the  reader  to  the  few  main  systems, 
including  the  cylinder  drum,  the  cone  drum,  the  flat  rope, 
the  combination  cone  and  cylinder,  the  tail  rope,  and  the 
Koepe  systems. 

All  mine  winding  is  based  on  the  same  principles  :  but  in 
colliery  work  there  is  the  advantage  of  long  periods  of  work 
from  one  depth,  whereas  in  a  gold  mine  there  are  frequent 
•  hanges  of  depth. 

In  winding  the  first  requisite  is  the  rope,  which  we  are 
told  had  better  be  worked  to  death,  and  often  replaced,  than 
made  heavy  and  lasting,  for  the  rope  is  easily  the  main  load 
in  a  deep  mine  ;  and  the  less  its  weight  the  less  must  be  all 
other  costs.  This  applies  more  especially  when  depths 
exceed  1,000  yards.  Usually  a  factor  of  safety  of  7  to  10 
is  employed.  Thus  in  a  1,000  yards'  pit  the  rope  and  its 
load  will  weigh  close  upon  5  tons  if  1-in.  diameter,  and  it 
will  break  at  4.5^  tons  if  of  plough  steel  of  110  tons  tenacity. 
Here  the  actual  factor  of  safety  is  about  0,  With  a  factor 
of  7  the  rope  would  be  only  0835  in  diameter,  and  its 
weight  .S,fi20  instead  of  r),300  lb.  For  the  first  case  a 
torque  of  ]5,33H  lb.  is  required.  The  authors  work 
out  the  moments  and  negative  moments  with  reference  to 
the  danger  of  over-winding,  and  so  arrive  at  the  heavily 
stressed  rope  and  conical  drum  for  deep  mines,  and  more 
especially  at  the  tail  rope,  whereby  moments  are  kept 
statically  ef|ual.  But  the  tail  rope  is  limited  to  about 
2,000  ft.,  because  of  its  liability  to  sway  and  whip. 

In  their  consideration  of  these  various  types  of  winding 
systems,  the  authors  show  themselves  to  be  unbiased,  pointing 
out  the  defects  of  all  alike  as  well  as  the  advantages,  and 
thus  tn^eatly  helping  a  mining  man  to  select  the  best  for  any 
particniar  case.  <')n  the  subject  of  electric  winding,  the 
authors  see  little  in  it  on  the  basis  of  economy,  as  compared 
with  direct  sUt&m  winding,  partly  owing   to  the  amount  of 


machinery  necessary.  But  they  do  realise  that  electric 
winding  with  its  regular  speed  minimises  the  tendency  to 
dancing  the  cage  and  thereby  seriously  reduces  the  rope 
stresses.  Is  not  this  factor  alone  one  of  major  importance  in 
a  process  which  is  limited  really  by  rope  stresses  ?  In  any 
case,  they  condemn  the  conversion  of  old  winders  to 
electrical  driving,  for  this  plant  must  be  new  throughout. 
But  with  transmitted  power  from  a  central  station  for  all 
purposes,  electrical  winding  must  surely  be  adopted.  Yet 
the  authors  are  not  even  sure  on  this  point.  The  drum  of 
an  electrical  winder  may  be  a  cylinder,  thus  saving  the  cost  of 
the  cone  drum,  for  the  difference  of  moment  matters  less  to 
an  electric  motor  with  a  powerful  source  to  feed  it. 

Then  tail  ropes  may  be  used  to  a  greater  depth  than  in  the 
case  of  steam  winding,  for  the  rope  surges  less.  Also  speeds 
may  be  higher,  which  is  an  important  item  in  deep  mines, 
and  though  in  the  multiplicity  of  gear  there  is  risk, 
experience  does  not  seem  to  show  such  risk  to  have  been 
great. 

If  the  book  has  a  fault  it  is  that  the  authors  see  so  far 
round  all  sides  of  every  system  that  the  reader  is  faced  about 
from  page  to  page. 

Various  examples  are  given  of  winding  gears,  electric  and 
otherwise,  with  very  full  particulars,  and  in  arguing  out 
systems  actual  figures  are  used  and  very  little  mathematics. 

Old  belting  and  sheet  lead  are  advised  as  a 
better  facing  for  a  brake  than  wooden  blocks,  but 
the  belts  must  be  of  rubber,  not  of  balata.  And 
post  brakes  are  better  than  hand  brakes.  Pit  sheaves,  if 
lined  with  wood,  should  not  be  done  at  home  and  exported. 
They  should  be  done  locally  from  indigenous  timber.  This 
is  a  practical  point  doubtless  picked  up  in  dry  Australia,  where 
imported  articles  of  timber  so  seriously  shrink  on  exposure 
to  the  parched  atmosphere.  Safety  gears  against  overwinding 
on  the  illness  of  the  engineman  are  described,  and  a  special 
chapter  is  given  to  ropes,  and  is  very  good.  Then  there  is 
a  chapter  on  cages  and  safety  hooks,  <kc.,  and  guides,  and 
another  on  cages  and  decking  in  coal  mines.  The  whole  is 
a  thoroughly  sound  and  practical  treatise  on  the  subject  of 
winding,  a  subject  of  increasing  importance,  as  mines 
become  deeper  and  low-grade  propositions  become  more 
common,  for  these  require  such  a  heavy  winding  tonnage  to 
bring  up  with  the  pay  stuff  so  many  tons  of  dirt. 


La  TeJegraphip  sons  fil,  la  Telemkanique,  <ir.  By  E. 
MoxFER.  Paris  :  H.  Dunod  et  E.  Pinat.  Sixth  edition, 
revised  and  enlarged.     Price  2  fr.  50  c. 

This  edition  has  been  supplemented  to  bring  it  in  accord- 
ance with  more  modern  practice.  Among  the  additions  are 
descriptions  of  the  uses  which  may  be  made  of  radiophares 
or  shore  stations  giving  directive  transmission  to  enable 
ships  to  obtain  their  bearings  and  distances  ;  methods  of 
transmission  giving  musical  notes  ;  wireless  telephony,  &c. 
A  special  chapter  is  devoted  to  a  description  of  the  important 
Eiffel  Tower  station.  Branly's  method  of  producing 
mechanical  results  at  a  distance  by  means  of  Hertzian 
waves  still  forms  a  main  feature  of  the  work,  but  no  special 
advances  in  this  direction  are  recorded.  They  appear  to 
be  still  very  much  in  the  air.  Numerous  other  possible 
applications  of  electric  waves  are  suggested,  the  author  being 
evidently  of  a  very  sanguine  turn  of  mind. 


Wirekss  Telegraphy  for  Amrtteurs.      By  R.  P.  HoWGRAVE- 

Graham.     London  :  Percival   ^farshall  &  Co.     Revised 

edition.     Price  2b. 

This  interesting  and  useful  little  work  for  amateurs  has 
been  somewhat  extended  and  improved  since  its  first 
appearance. 

The  first  two  chapters  are  devoted  to  the  outlines  of  the 
history  and  theory  of  wireless  telegraphy,  while  the  remaining 
chapters  mainly  concern  practical  methods  so  far  as  they  are 
desirable  for  tlie  amateur.  In  regard  to  the  former  part,  the 
author  is  inclined  to  lay  too  much  stress  on  absence  of 
tuning  in  the  early  forms  of  ^larconi  transmitters.  The 
earliest  Marconi  aerials  consisted  of  elevated  capacity  areas 
which  undoubtedly  gave  efficient  syntonic  transmission,  but 
the  receiver  was  not  adapted  to  make  effective  use  of  the 


Vol.  73.  No.  i,K43,  makoh  21,  1913.]     THE    ELECTKICAL    KE'^TEW. 


485 


lyntonio  properties  of  the  trunumitt*  r.  Such  aerial*  will 
ordinarily  «mit  trains  of  waves  with  quite  huuiII  (liun[)iiip. 
though  there  may.  be  a  wcakiicsa  in  selective  i)roperti(H 
arising  from  tlicir  tendency  to  prodace  wliock  excitation. 

A  point  of  criticism  in  regard  to  theeflicieney  of  qucncluMl 
Rpark  transmitters  may  also  be  uscifiilly  referred  to.  The 
overall  eHiciency  is  said  to  be  about  7.")  |)er  cent.,  an  against 
25  per  cent,  for  the  uncjuenched  spark.  Possibly  this  is  a  fair 
statement  so  fur  as  the  production  of  cneriry  in  the  aerial  is 
concerned,  and  it  is  one  which  is  commoidy  made.  It  docs 
not  follow  that  the  radiation  efliciencies  are  in  this  proportion, 
since  the  dissipative  factor  is  made  up  of  a  radiative  and  a 
non-radiative  part.  The  ratio  of  these  two  parts  may  be- 
quite  different  in  the  two  cases.  The  point  is  one  which 
demands  considerably  more  investigation  than  has  yet  been 
given  to  it. 

On  the  whole  the  book  is  well  suited  to  young  amateurs, 
to  whom  it  should  prove  a  helpful  acquisition,  both  from  its 
simplicity  and  from  its  interest. 


care  and  attention,  and  this  Huctiun  will  doubtk-M  be  faxtcoded 
in  the  ne)?t  edition. 

Apart  from  the  few  points  we  have  criticised,  Mr.  Hibl^rt's 
book  leaves  a  good  impression,  and  (an  l>e  well  recommended 
to  motorists,  particularly  to  th'>ne  who  drive  and  Ivjk  after 
their  own  curs. — C  .1.  W. 


Magiie/o    ami     Klertric     Tgnition.       By      \V.      HiiiHEirr, 
A.M.I.E.E.      London  -.  Whittaker  iV:  Co.      Price  2p.  net. 

The  author,  who  is  the  head  of  the  Physics  and  Electrical 
Engineering  Departments  of  the  Regent  Street  Polytechnic, 
has  already  written  a  book  entitled  "  Electric  Ignition  for 
Motor  Vehicles,"  but,  in  view  of  the  way  the  high-tension 
magneto  has  practically  displaced  all  other  forms  of  ignition  on 
automobiles,  he  has  deemed  the  time  appropriate  to  produce 
an  entirely  new  work  on  the  subject,  on  which,  on  the  whole, 
he  is  to  be  complimented.  He  has  set  out  with  the  object 
of  endeavouring  to  impart  to  the  ordinary  non- technical 
motorist  some  idea  of  what  goes  on  in  connection  with  the 
production  of  the  spark,  the  vagaries  of  which,  in  the 
early  days  of  the  motor  movement,  were  the  cause  of  much 
worry  and  anxiety,  but  which,  in  the  hands  of  experts,  has 
in  modern  times  been  so  tamed  as  to  behave  with  wonderful 
regularity,  and,  given  a  modicum  of  attention,  with  a 
minimum  of  trouble. 

The  introduction,  which  extends  to  30  pages,  will  repay 
careful  study,  as  Mr.  Hibbert,  in  the  method  adopted  of  ex- 
plaining the  fundamental  principles,  has  been  very  happy, 
his  definitions  being  clear  and  striking,  notably  those  explain- 
ing the  difference  between  "  electricity  "  and  "  a  current  of 
electricity,"  and  his  comparison  of  the  human  heart  and  its 
influence  on  the  circulation  of  the  blood,  with  the  production 
of  a  mechanically-generated  current  of  electricity  and  its  dis- 
tribution, most  apt.  Following  the  introduction  is  a  descrip- 
tion of  a  number  of  the  best-known  magnetos  at  present  on 
the  market,  such  as  the  Bosch,  Eisemann,  Simms,  C.A.V., 
Mea,  and  Fuller.  This  section  is  useful  so  far  as  it  goes,  but 
if  a  motor-cycle  type  of  magneto  had  been  included,  the  book 
would  probably  have  appealed  to  a  much  wider  circle  of 
readers. 

Another  useful  chapter  is  that  devoted  to  "  gearing "  ; 
this  deals  with  the  relative  speeds  of  magnetos  and  engine 
crankshafts,  the  firing  sequence  for  motors  with  from  one 
to  eight  cylinders  and  cranks  being  given,  accompanied  by 
diagrams.  Seeing  that,  so  far  as  motor-cars  are  concerned, 
the  type  has  long  been  obsolete,  the  firing  sequence  of  three- 
cylinder  engines  might,  perhaps,  have  been  advantageously 
replaced  by  that  for  the  V-type  of  twin-cylinder  motor 
now  being  largely  used  on  cycle-cars.  There  is  a  good  deal 
of  other  information  in  the  book,  which,  while  instructive 
to  an  extent,  will  not  prove  of  much  value  to  modem 
motorists  and  motor-cyclists,  as,  for  instance,  the  description 
of  low-tension  magnetos  with  make  and  break  inside  the 
engine  cylinders,  a  method  which  is  no  longer  used  on  auto- 
mobiles. A  similar  remark  applies  to  the  40  pages  (out  of 
a  total  of  152)  devoted  to  "  Ignition  by  Battery  and  Coil," 
and  "  Faults  in  Cells,"  although  the  latter  may  serve  a 
useful  purpose  to  those  owners  of  cars  that  have  electric 
lighting  installations  fitted.  The  last  chapter  deals  with 
dual  or  combination-ignition  systems,  with  a  brief  refer- 
ence to  the  Delco  electrical  arrangement  for  engine  starting, 
lighting  and  ignition,  as  employed  on  the  Cadillac  cars.  The 
promising  future  for  arrangements  of  this  kind — several  new 
ones  have  lately  been  introduced- -renders  it  desirable  to 
embody  as  early  as  possible  as  much  information  as  can  be 
given  of  the  different  systems,  and  of  the  points  that  need 


Apiiliiil    KlirlioilirmiHtnj.       By    M.    DK    Kav    Tuomi^ox, 

Ph.D.     London  :  Macmillan   .<•  Co..  Ltd.     1!UL     Vnce. 

'.Is.  net. 

This  book,  unlike  existing  text-books  treating  of  sjjecial 
branches  of  the  subject,  covers  the  whole  field  of  applied 
electrochemistry  and  electrometallurgy,  and,  on  that  account, 
should  prove  very  useful  to  students  unable  to  consult  a 
whole  range  of  books  or  the  original  sources.  Its  special 
feature  is  a  theoretical  discussion  of  the  scientific  principles 
of  each  process  before  giving  the  description  of  the  prf)ce88 
as  realised  in  practice,  so  that  the  closest  possible  connection 
is  maintained  between  tlieory  and  practice,  to  the  obvious 
advantage  of  both.  A  sound  knowledge  of  chemistry  is 
rightly  assumed  ;  a  person  with  only  a  smattering  of 
chemistry  is  in  a  position  neither  to  understand  nor  to  work 
efficiently  modern  electrochemical  processes. 

As  already  stated,  the  book  covers  practically  the  whole 
field  of  the  subject,  but  the  treatment  accorded  to  the 
various  branches  is  very  unequal.  Thus,  while  the  chapter 
on  the  electrolysis  of  alkaU  chlorides  is  admirably  clear  and 
well  covers  the  ground  both  on  the  theoretical  and  the 
practical  sides,  that  on  electroplating  is  so  thin  and  superficial 
as  to  serve  hardly  any  useful  purpose.  To  a  less  degree 
this  applies  to  other  chapters  in  the  book. 

In  the  chapter  on  electrometallurgy  of  iron  and  steel  there 
is  no  reference  to  the  important  subject  of  ferro-alloys.  We 
think,  moreover,  that  more  attention  should  have  been  paid 
to  the  pure  metallurgy  of  the  subject.  It  is  very  strange 
how  little  it  is  realised,  even  by  many  practical  electro- 
metallurgists,  that  an  electric  furnace  is  primarily  a 
metallurgical  apparatus,  and  it  is  on  its  merits  as  such, 
rather  than  on  its  electrical  efficiency,  that  it  will  succeed  or 
fail.  Neither  here  nor  elsewhere  is  sufficient  stress  laid  on 
the  all-important  question  of  costs,  which,  in  our  opinion, 
should  be  brought  before  the  student  at  the  earliest  stage  of 
his  technical  career.  If  the  simple  principle  were  borne  in 
mind  that  a  new  process  will  succeed  not  on  account  of  its 
beauty,  but  because  it  does  something  more  cheaply  or 
better  than  it  has  been  done  before,  the  world  would  be 
spared  much  wasted  effort  and  ill-spent  invention. 

In  spite  of  these  undoubted  Umitations,  which,  as  a  matter 
of  fact,  are  unfortunately  the  common  faults  of  ijearly  all 
technical  books.  Dr.  de  Kay  Thompson  has  given  us  a  very 
well-written  and  a  very  comprehensive  text-book  on  a 
subject  that  is  most  difficult  to  write  about  both  clearly  and 
soundly.  He  has  avoided  most,  if  not  all,  of  the  pitfalls  that 
abound,  and  his  book  is  a  welcome  addition  to  the  still 
scanty  English  literature  on  a  subject  which  is  every  day 
becoming  more  and  more  important. 


Electric    Arcs    to    Ignite    Tunnel    Gases. —  Lai^e 

quantities  of  gas  were  encountered  during  the  cutting-  of  the 
aqueduct  tunnel  through  the  Santa  Vnei  range  (California)  for  the 
water  supply  of  Santa  Barbara,  and  in  order  to  dispose  of  this 
inflow,  electric  arcs  were  used  to  ignite  the  gas  after  firing  shots  in 
the  heading.  Specially  designed  open  lamps  were  placed  about 
200  ft.  apart  in  high  points  along  the  tunnel  up  to  150  ft.  from 
the  heading.  Half  an  hour  after  blasting  the  arcs  were  switched 
into  circuit  (an  ammeter  at  the  switch  indicating  whether  the  arcs 
lighted  or  not).  After  switching  on  the  lamps  controlled  from  the 
tunnel  mouth,  the  foreman  and  a  mate  advanced  to  another  arcing 
station  3,.-)00  ft.  from  the  portal,  and  again  switched  on  current. 
If  no  gas  explosion  occurred,  the  tunnel  ahead  was  explored  with 
safety  lamps,  and  if  no  "pockets  "  were  discovered,  the  inspectors 
returned  to  the  in-bye  station,  switched  the  arcs  into  circuit,  and, 
leaving  them  alight,  proceeded  to  the  heading  and  placed  torches 
at  intervals  of  100  ft.  through  the  gas  section.  These  torches  were 
kept  burning  during  the  next  shift,  and  four  hours  were  occupied 
in  testing  before  a  heading  gang  was  allowed  to  go  on  shift  after 
blasting  had  been  performed  ;  apart  from  these  testing  intervals, 
work  was  continuous.  The  completed  tunnel  is  19,.i60  ft.  in 
length. — Electrical  World, 


466 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi.  n.  No.  i,843,  maboh  21.  1913. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

Lfttert  TveeiTtid  by  ut  after  6  P.M.  ON  Tuesday  cantwt  appear  *mM 
th«  following  V}e«k.  Correspondentt  ttumld  forward  their  commvni- 
jatioru  at  the  earliett  potnhU  monwni.  No  letter  can  be  publithed 
*ml«u  \M  hare  the  wnter't  name  and  addrett  in  ovr  pottettion. 


The  Electro-Harmonic  Society. 

1  was  very  pleased  to  read  your  footnote  to  the  letter 
which  appeared  in  your  issue  of  March  7tb.  In  order  to 
anticipate  criticism  of  my  remarks,  I  will  state  at  the  outset 
that  I  smoke,  ilrink,  go  to  Bohemian  concerts  and  am  a 
Democrat— all  in  reason.  But  (and  this  is  important)  just 
as  the  strength  of  a  chain  is  that  of  its  weakest  link,  so 
the  tone  of  any  assembly  is  determined  by  the  laxity  of  its 
rnles. 

Xow  I  do  not  wish  to  say  too  much  about  what  is, 
obviously,  a  delicate  matter  ;  but  one  of  the  privileges  of 
belonging  to  the  E.H.S.  which  a  social  or  financial  junior 
enjoys,  is  that  he  mi.^es  with  the  seniors  of  his  profession  or 
industry.  Once  introduce  smoking,  and  drinking  will  surely 
follow.  Even  then  no  harm  would  be  done  if  all  the 
members  were  seniors — but  it  is  not  necessary  to  push  my 
argument  to  its  logical  conclusion.  Suffice  it  to  say  that 
the  majority  of  members,  who  like  the  present  high  tone  of 
the  E.H.S.,  and  who  can  be  in  a  lady's  presence  without 
feeling  the  necessity  to  smoke — would  either  resign  or  cease 
to  bring  tbeir  womenfolk. 

Whilst  it  is  true  that  we  must  move  with  the  times,  music 
halls  and  cinemas  have  not  superseded  theatres  and  concert 
halls.  Similarly,  Bohemian  concerts  need  not  supersede 
our  ladies'  nights,  and  those  who  prefer  the  former 
exclusively  will  find  plenty  of  opportunities  to  gratify  their 
taste. 

Member,  E.H.S. 


Electric  Branding. 

I  should  be  much  obliged  if  you  could  assist  me,  through 
the  medium  of  your  paper,  in  finding  some  manufacturer 
who  has  had  experience  of  electrical  heating  of  large-size 
branding  machines  for  marking  wooden  box  sides :  the 
maximum  overall  sizes  of  the  branding  would  be  3  ft. 
X  2  ft. 

Any  assistance  that  you  could  give  me  in  this  matter 
wonld  be  verv  much  appreciated. 

H.  A.  Noill, 

Citii  Elect riral  Engineer. 

Wakefield,  .)A/)r/M3M,  1913. 


Morse  Signalling  on  Submarine  Cables. 

As  a  sequel  to  Mr.  E.  Raymond-Barker's  article  on  Mr. 
Gott's  discovery,  and  the  observations  made  thereon  by 
Mr.  P.  O'Neil  and  Mr.  Eraser,  will  you  give  me  leave  to 
recall  to  the  mind  of  your  readers  a  telegraphic  system  of 
old  date,  viz.,  "  The  American  Rapid  Telegraph,"  jjatented 
by  ^lessrs.  Foote,  Andcrton  and  Randall,  and  described  in 
some  technical  papers  about  the  years  1879  or  1880.  I,  at 
that  time,  experimented  with  this  system  and  was  very  much 
impres-sed  with  a  most  ingenious  mechanical  apparatus, 
invented  to  prepare  the  perforated  slip,  by  means  of  which 
the  currents  were  sent  and  changed  in  direction  at  each  con- 
secutive signal.  Nevertheless,  however  great  may  have  been 
the  ingenuity  of  this  mechanism,  T  do  prefer  incontestably 
(at  least  on  lines  with  a  return  current)  the  method  devised 
by  Mr.  Gott  for  realising  this  part  of  his  discovery.  It  is 
not  only  as  simple  as  it  is  elegant,  but,  above  all,  more 
ihrtriral,  sure,  and  much  less  expensive. 

If  I  were  not  afraid  to  abuse  the  hospitality  of  your 
columns,  I  would  add  another  souvenir  :  25  years  ago,  an 
Italian  invent<jr,  the  late  Manjuis  Tommasi,  had  contrived  a 
secret  arrangement  which  appeared  to  me  to  l>e  founded  upon 
the  same  principles.  His  apparatus  were  locked  up  in  a 
closed  box,  because  intended  for  military  purposes  by  Utarquis 
Tommasi,  who  w^s  convinced  of  the  impossibility  for  a  spy 
to  decipher  the  signals  frau<lulently  obtained  either  by 
means  of  a  derivation,  or  otherwise — therefore,  he  was 
extremely  amaz-'d  when  I  presented  to  him  a  correct  slip 
obtained  in  sncli    a   manner   with    the  help  of  two  parallel 


polarised  relays  and  a  Morse  iukwriter,  and  he  left  very 
politely,  but  without  further  explanation  concerning  his 
invention. 

F.   Godfrof,  Mwmgter, 
Compagnie  Franfaise  de  Cablet  TeUgrmphiq'uei. 

Brest,  March  \0f}<,  191s. 


The  "Load-Factor"  question. 

In  fixing  yearly  contracts  for  the  supply  of  current  to 
factories,  &c.,  on  a  load  factor  basis,  I  shall  be  glad  to  have 
the  opinion  of  some  of  your  readers  as  to  whether  the  time 
element  should  be  for,  say,  a  certain  number  of  days,  the 
number  of  days  run  x  24.  or  the  actual  hours  run  by  the 
factory. 

Consumer. 


LEGAL 


Tramway  Accident  Claims, 

A  EGAD  accident,  in  which  the  driver  of  a  pbseton,  named  Fredericlt 
William  BettB,  was  seriouBly  injured,  was  the  subject  of  an 
action  in  the  King's  Bench  Division,  on  Wednesday,  March  12th. 
The  L.C.C.  as  owners  of  the  electric  tramways,  and  Mann, 
Grossman  &  Paulin,  Ltd.,  the  owners  of  a  motor  lorry,  were  the 
defendants.  On  August  12th  labt  the  plaintiff  was  driving  his 
employer's  pha;ton  in  the  High  Road,  Streatham,  when  the  brewers' 
lorry,  while  passing  the  tramcar,  was  struck  on  the  hub  of  his 
wheel.  The  blow  caused  the  lorry  to  swerve  and  collide  with  the 
phieton,  throwing  the  plaintiff  out  and  pinning  him  against  the 
wall,  causing  injuries  from  which  he  still  suffers.  The  injury  was  not 
disputed,  and  the  only  question  for  the  jury  who  tried  the  case  was 
whether  the  tramcar  or  the  lorry  was  to  blame.  A  large  number 
of  witnesses  were  called  by  both  the  L.C.C.  and  the  brewers,  each  of 
whom  tried  to  cast  the  blame  on  the  other,  and  in  the  result  the 
jury  found  for  the  plaintiff,  as  against  the  L.C.C,  assessing  the 
damages  at  £H00,  and  for  the  defendant  in  the  caee  against  Mann, 
Grossman  &  Paulin. — Judgment  was  entered  accordingly. 

A  Court  of  Session  action  has  been  settltd  in  which  a  vanman 
claimed  payment  of  £500  as  damages  lor  pergonal  injuries  from 
Glasgow  Corporation.  ^  hile  driving  a  van  he  was  run  into  by  a 
tramway-car.  A  payment  has  been  made  by  the  Corporation,  which 
the  pursuer  has  accepted,  of  £65  and  expenses. 

Sheriff  Umpherston  heard  proof  in  the  Sheriff  Court  in  three 
conjoint  actions  against  the  Dunfermline  Tramway  Co.  for  damages 
in  respect  of  personal  injuries.  Pursuers  were  a  miner  and  an 
engineraan  and  his  wile,  who  were  passengers.  They  each  claimed 
£  100.  It  was  their  contention  that  a  car  was  being  driven  at  such  an 
excessive  and  dangerous  rate  of  speed  that  it  failed  to  negotiate  a 
loop,  and,  jumping  the  metals,  ran  into  an  embankment.  Defenders, 
on  the  other  hand,  stated  that  the  car  left  the  rails  through  some 
obstruction  on  the  line,  and  that  it  was  almost  immediately 
thereafter  pulled  up  by  the  driver.  The  driver,  they  state,  drove 
cautiously  and  carefully  while  approaching  the  crossing.  The 
hearing  was  adjourned. 


The  National  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.,  r.  H.M.  Postmaster- 
Genebal. 

The  Court  of  Appeal  on  1+th  inst.  decided  to  hear  the  appeal  and 
cross-appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  Railway  and  Canal  Commis- 
sioners respecting  the  purchase,  on  April  15th. 


Dispute  about  an  Aoccmulator  Shed. 

The  question  whether  a  shed  erected  by  the  Metropolitan  Railway 
Co.  in  Euston  Road  to  hold  accumulators  for  electric  signalling, 
comes  within  an  exemption  of  the  London  Building  Act  of  1894, 
although  it  is  erected  beyond  the  building  line,  was  decided  on 
Friday,  March  14th,  by  Justices  Channell,  Bray  and  Coleridge  in 
the  King's  Bench  Divisional  Court. 

Mh.  Macmorkan,  K.C,  who  appeared  for  the  Metropolitan  Rail- 
way Co.,  said  his  clients  had  been  convicted  by  a  metropolitan 
magistrate  for  an  offence  under  the  London  Building  Act.  It 
appeared  that  they  were  given  power  in  their  Act  to  erect  a  venti- 
lator in  the  forecourts  of  two  bouses  in  Euston  Road.  That  was  at 
the  time  the  trains  were  run  by  steam.  AVhen  the  railway  was 
electrified,  a  system  of  electric  signalling  was  installed,  and  the 
ventilator  was  removed  and  an  accumulator  shed  erected. 
The  County  Council  then  alleged  that  the  company  had 
no  right  to  erect  the  shed  beyond  the  building  line 
without  the  sanction  in  writing  of  the  Council,  and  that  they  had 
been  guilty  of  an  offence.  Mor  the  company  it  was  contended  that 
they  were  exempted  by  a  proviso  in  their  Act  of  1866,  and  a  section 
of  the  London  Building  Act.  The  magistrate,  however,  decided  in 
the  Council's  favour.  Mr.  Macmorran  argued  that  the  mere  fact 
that  the  ventilator  was  succeeded  by  an  accumulator  shed  did  not 


Vol.72.  No.  1,848.  maboh  31,  191S.]       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


467 


alter  the  fact  that  what  wan  erected  on  the  Hpot  wad  HoinethinK  tor 
the  purpcHOH  of  the  railway,  and  altbouKh  that  waH  h«yond  th« 
building  line,  it  wan  nzompted. 

After  hearintr  Mk.  Dai.dv  foi'  the  London  County  Douncil,  the 
Court  allowed  the  appeal,  with  cohIh,  holding;  that  the  ^bed,  aa  it 
held  aooumulatorH  for  olRctric  BJirnallintf,  wiu)  necessary  for  the 
purpoKos  of  the  railway  and  wan,  therefore,  within  the  exemption 
in  the  Buildlup  Aot  of  1831. 


The  oskam  Lamp  Works,  Ltd.,  r.  Thk  Vouksmiue 
Incandescent  Electkic  Lamp  Co. 

In  the  Chancery  Division,  on  Friday,  March  14tb,  Mr.  Justice 
Swinfen  Eady  had  before  him  a  motion  in  the  above  action. 

Mk.  LiNOE,  who  appeared  for  the  plaintiffs,  said  that  the  matter 
had  stood  over  until  that  day  for  the  purpose  of  plaintilVn  receiving 
the  defendants'  evidence.  No  reply  to  his  clients'  affadavitp,  how- 
ever, had  yet  been  received,  and  he  would  ask  that  the  matter 
should  be  allowed  to  stand  over  again  for  the  purpose  of  complying 
with  a  somewhat  singular  request.  Plaintifftj'  evidence  was 
exceedingly  succinct,  and  to  the  point  on  the  question  of  infringe- 
ment, but  it  was  suggested  that  the  defendants  desired  to  send  to 
Germany,  where  the  filaments  of  ^he  lamps  in  question  were  made, 
for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  there  was  any  infringement 
or  not. 

His  Lordship  :  Is  it  another  Osram  lamp  petition  ? — Mb.  Ldngb  ; 
Yes. 

Mr.  Frost,  for  the  defendants,  said  the  filaments  of  the  lamps 
complained  of  were  made  in  Berlin  by  a  well-known  firm  there. 
The  defendants  desired  to  make  their  evidence  stronger,  and  to  get 
it  as  complete  as  possible. 

His  Lordship  :  When  did  you  have  the  plaintiffs'  evidence  /— 
Mr.  Frost  :  About  a  fortnight  ago.  We  have  been  in  consultation 
with  German  manufacturers  through  their  agents,  and  yesterday 
we  reached  the  stage  that  they  will  demonstrate  to  us  the  process 
by  which  the  lamps  were  made  and  permit  us  to  take  an  inde- 
pendent expert  with  us. 

His  Lordship  asked  why  the  defendants  could  not  file  an 
affidavit  stating  exactly  what  the  process  was.  They  could  surely 
have  done  that  in  a  fortnight, 

Mr.  Frost  said  they  thought  their  case  would  be  stronger  if 
they  got  independent  evidence  by  means  of  experiments. 

His  Lordship  :  Never  mind  the  experiments  ;  why  don't  they 
show  exactly  the  way  they  are  made  ?  That  could  easily  be  done  if 
the  gentleman  who  makes  the  lamps  were  to  file  an  afiidavit. 

Mr.  Frost  said  his  clients  were  very  busy  communicating  with 
the  manufacturers 

His  Lordship  :  Do  you  mean  they  are  busy  making  the  lamps  or 
making  afiidavits  ! 

Mb.  Frost  said  they  were  busy  preparing  the  evidence.  The 
plaintiffs  should  have  the  evidence  directly  defendants  had  got  it 
themselves. 

His  Lordship  said  defendants  could  easily  file  evidence  show- 
ing how  the  lamps  were  made  ;  it  need  not  be  long. 

Mr.  Frost  :  It  will  not  be  long,  but  we  wish  to  make  it  quite 
clear  that  there  is  none  of  the  mysterious  water  vapour. 

His  Lordship  :  Set  out  your  process  in  plain  English  ! 

Mr  Frost  :  That  is  what  we  are  going  to  do. 

His  Lordship  said  he  would  let  the  motion  stand  over  until  the 
first  motion  day  of  next  sittings,  but  the  defendants  must  be  ready 
then  or.  in  the  ordinary  course,  judgment  would  go. 


Watbox,  Laidlaw  *  Co.  r.  Pott,  Cassels  &  Williamson. — 
Appeal, 

The  Second  Division  of  the  Court  of  Session  last  Friday  disposed  of 
an  appeal  in  the  action  by  Watson,  Laidlaw  &  Co,.  93,  Dundas 
Street,  Kingston,  Glasgow,  against  Pott,  Cassels  &  Williamson, 
Motherwell,  for  interdict  against  the  infringement  of  pursuers' 
patent  for  improvements  in  centrifugal  machines,  and  for  £5,000 
damages.  Pursuers,  having  obtained  a  judgment  on  the  question 
of  infringement,  the  case  was  remitted  to  Lord  Dewar  to  dippose  of 
the  question  of  damages.  Defenders  lodged  a  tender  of  £1,500,  and 
the  Lord  Ordinary  decerned  against  them  for  that  sum  in  full  of  the 
conclusions  for  damages,  found  defenders  liable  in  expenses  to  the 
date  of  the  tender,  and  found  pursuers  liable  in  expenses  since  that 
date.  Pursuers  appealed  against  the  finding  as  to  damages.  Lord 
Dundas,  in  giving  the  decision  on  the  appeal,  held  it  was  fairly 
established  that  the  loss  of  profits  which  the  pursuers  might  have 
realised,  if  they  had  effected  all  the  infringing  gales  of  machiBes, 
352  in  number,  amounted  to  very  nearly  £5,000.  Considerable 
deduction  must,  no  doubt,  he  made,  but  his  Lordship  thought  £1,500 
quite  inadequate,  and  that  the  Court  would  not  be  treating  defenders 
with  any  severity,  but  with  some  leniency,  if  It  fixed  the  damages 
at  £3.000.    The  other  judges  concurred  in  this  opinion. 


Meeting  of  Creditors.-^ A  meeting  of  the  creditors  of 

Wsr.  Heney  MiCKiEWAiTE,  eleotrioian,  of  Belmont  Terrace, 
Forest  Moor,  Knaresborough,  and  12,  Coronation  Grove,  Harrogate, 
was  held  at  York  on  March  13th.  The  accounts  showed  gross 
liabilities  amounting  to  £214,  assets  valued  at  £113,  and  a  deficiency 
of  £101.  The  estate  remains  in  the  hands  of  the  Official  Receiver 
for  realisation. 


RADIOPHARES    NEAR    BREST. 


When,  in  tim<;  of  fog.  laminouB  Bi^nala  from  liKbtbouiea  or  »hip* 
cannot  b<!  Heoii,  the  rihk  of  dinaHter  on  dangerous  coadtH  iMenonnoniily 
incroa««d  unlcHs  warning  codu  Hi/nalH  are  dixpatobc-d  and  received 
by  "  wirelcHH  "  from  a  cuastal  Htation.  By  noting  the  int«»n»ity  of 
the  signals  received,  an  approximate  idea  of  the  distance  from  the 
sending  station  can  be  formed  by  a  skiMcd  wireless  operator — 
particularly  if  the  signals  be  continuously  compared  with  thone 
from  another  station  situated  at  a  second  point  on  the  coaHt.  The 
installution  of  a  Bloiidel  orientation  frame  or  a  Bellini  or  .Vrtom 
radiogoniometer  on  board  a  vessel  enable*  the  l>earing  of  the  latter 
to  be  iletermined  fairly  accurately  with  regard  to  two  coastal 
stations.  Were  every  vps.sel  equipped  with  wireless  trancraitting 
apparatus,  a  more  convenient  arrangement  would  be  to  provide 
directive  aerials  at  two  land  stations,  thus  enabling  the  latter  to 


Fig.  1. 


determine  the  bearing  of  any  ship  issuing  inquiries,  and  then  to 
communicate  the  bearing  to  the  vessel.  Even  the  simplest  form  of 
radiophare,  emitting  a  pre-arranged  code  signal  but  employing  and 
requiring  no  directive  aerial,  enables  rough  bearings  to  be  taken  by 
the  navigator  of  a  vessel,  and  prevents  those  radical  misapprehen- 
sions which  are  so  frequently  the  cause  of  disaster  ;  the  assistance 
thus  rendered,  supplements  such  information  as  is  obtainable  by 
sounding,  dead  reckoning  and  by  listening  for  submarine  signal 
bells,  and  it  is  more  than  probable  that  such  radiophares — emitting 
signals  capable  of  reception  by  all  ships  equipped  with  receiving 
apparatus  costing  only  a  few  pounds,  and  capable  of  manipulation 
by  any  member  of  the  crew — will  soon  be  installed  in  as  great 
numbers  as  light  ships  and  houses  are  at  present.* 

The  French  Admin,  des  Phares  has  lately  installed  rtidiophares  at 
the  entrance  to  the  Port  of  Brest  fsee  fig.  1),  the  equipment  in 
each  station  comprising  an  alternator  driven  by  a  petrol  or  electric 
motor,  an  automatic  transmitter  and  a  suitable  aerisd.  Referring 
to  fig.  2,  showing  the  general  lay-out  of  a  radiophare  equipment,  a 
Bcthenod  alternator  a  (125  volts,  1  key.  per  second),  enables 
resonance  to  be  established  once  for  all  between  the  primary  and 
secondary  circuits  of  the  transformer  t  (secondary  pressure 
10  Kv.).  A  board  mounted  above  m  a  carries  the  requisite  switch- 
gear  and  measuring  instruments.  The  whole  of  the  high-tension 
equipment  is  mounted  in  a  glazed  case  with  an  automatic  isolating 
switch  on  the  door,  so  that  the  attendant  is  exposed  to  no  danger. 
Four  SO-KV.  Moscicki  condensers  are  used,  and  the  spark  gap  E  i.-< 
composed  of  a  brass  tube  and  copper  plate  ;  the  former  is  ventilated 
by  a  small  electric  fan  v  above  the  transformer.     A  motor- drive  n 

*  It  is  not,  however,  to  be  expected  that  visual  or  any  other 
signals  at  present  in  use  will  be  abolished,  even  when  the  provision 
of  radio-receiving  apparatus  is  compulsory  on  every  vessel.  Vast 
elemente  of  uncertainty  must  always  enter  into  the  problem  of 
securing  the  safety  of  ships  at  sea,  and  every  possible  means  most 
be  adopted  to  attein  this  end.  Luminous  signals  depend  on  no 
delicate  receiving  apparatus,  if  they  oan  be  seen  at  aU  :  but  they 
may  become  useless,  almost  at  a  moment's  notice,  owing  to  thf 
formation  of  fog.  Again,  wireless  transmitting  and  receiving 
apparatus  has  now  attained  to  a  high  degree  of  reliability,  but  it 
is  difficult  to  see  how  a  certain  considerable  risk  of  derangement 
can  ever  be  completely  avoided  in  sets  designed  for  use  "oy  unskilled 
men  on  small  vessels.  Under  such  oircumstance*",  the  most  trivial 
defect  may  completely  prevent  the  reception  of  radiophare  s'pnals, 
just  as  an  ''  accident  "  of  nature  may  render  ineffective  the  most 
powerful  lighthouses.  Every  safety  measure  must,  therefore,-  be 
simultaneously  adopted. 


468 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [VoL  72.  No.  i.sw,  maech  21,  i9i8 


Blondel  automatic  transmitter*  is  employed  to  make  and  break 
the  small  field  current  of  the  Bethenod  alternator,  and  the  whole 
equipment  operates  automatically  without  any  attention  for  at 
least  30  hours. 

The  International  Radio-Convention,  held  in  London  last  year, 
determined  150  m.  as  the  maximum  wave  lenerth.  which  should  be 
employed  by  radiophares. t  and  the  Brest  aerial  has  been  designed 
to  transmit  radiations  of  from  80  to  l.'iO  m.  wave  length  up  to  dis- 
tances of  HO  nauts.     As  shown  in  fig.  1,  the  guy-cables  carrying  the 


Fig.  2. 


four  radiating  aerial  wires  are  anchored  to  the  platform  of  the 
existing  lighthouse  ;  the  aerial  remains  suspended,  and  working  can 
be  continued,  even  should  one  of  the  guy-cables  break. 

The  whole  radiophare  equipment  described  costs  hardly  as  much 
as  a  wireless  equipment  for  ships,  snd  can  be  attended  and  operated 
by  the  present  lighthouse  stafi'.  The  equipment  needed  on  ships  to 
enable  them  to  take  advantage  of  this  service  costs  from  £14  to 
£16,  and  can  also  be  used  to  receive  time  signals  and  weather 
reports  from  the  Eiffel  Tower  and  other  stations  which  have  now 
established  a  regular  service  of  this  kind. —  ffhiie  Ciril. 


prevents  the  transmission  of  flame  from  the  interior  to  the  aur- 
ronnding  atmosphere — this  being  the  chief  feature  of  the  set. 
The  transmitter  is  fixed  on  the  cover,  with  a  steel  guard,  and  the 
receivers  are  mounted  on  rotary  arms  with  short  hinged  tubes  and 
earpieces.  All  the  apparatus  is  so  arranged  that  it  can  be  removed 
from  the  set  while  it  is  in  position,  and  the  internal  dimensions 
ha\e  been  made  as  small  as  possible,  to  reduce  the  risk  of  explosion. 
Tde  magneto  generator  is  permanently  bridged  across  the  circuit 
anil  the  only  chance  for  a  spark  to  occur  is  when  the  contact  of 
the  switch-hook  is  broken  on  the  completion  of  a  conversation. 
The  set  is  fixed  to  the  support  by  steel  plates  screwed  to  the  case, 
so  that  there  is  no  danger  of  damaging  the  castings  when  driving 
or  drawing  spikes.  Every  precaution  is  taken  to  render  the 
apparatus  reliable  and  foolproof,  and  to  provide  for  the  replace- 
ment of  parts  by  an  unskilled  attendant. 

Now  Fuse  Box. 

TuE  Metallic  Seamless  Tube  Co.,  Ltd.,  Wigan  Street 
Birmingham,  are  marketing  a  new  pattern  fuse  box,  which  is 
supplied  single  and  double-pole,  and  tapped  to  receive  .^-in.  or 
i -in.  conduit.    The  boxes  are  fitted  with  either  single  or  double 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 


Fig.  3. — New  Pattern  Fuse  Bo.\. 


Mining  Telephones. 

The  Westebn  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  North  Woolwich,  have 
introduced  a  new  pattern  of  mining  telephone  to  comply  with  the 
requirements  of  the  Home  Office  in  gassy  mines.    The  set,  which 


pole  fuses,  which  are  mounted  on  a  small  slate  base  with  a  dividing 
fillet  in  the  case  of  the  double-pole  box.  and  fitted  with  pillar-type 
terminals  for  front  wiring,  with  a  capacity  of  .")  to  30  amperes. 


Figs.  1  and  2.— W.E.  Mining  Telephone  Set,  Open 
AND  Closed. 

Is  illustrated  in  figs.  1  and  2,  is  a  local-battery  magneto  set, 
enclosed  in  a  heavy  cast-iron  case,  which  is  neither  airtight,  gas- 
tight  nor  watertight.  Special  provision  is  made  for  the  drainage 
of  any  condensed   moisture,   and   an  explosion-proof   flange  joint 

*  Two  contact  makers  are  connected  in  series.  In  the  present 
case,  one  contact  is  closed  by  a  cam  for  10  sees,  at  intervals  of  30 
r^cs.,  and  the  second  contact  is  opened  and  cloeed  continuously,  and 
repeatedly  transmits  the  code  call  of  the  station  during  the  period 
in.which  the  first  contact  is  closed.  By  varying  the  controlcams, 
an.  indefiqite  number  of  code-signals  can  be  arrsnged,  and  there  is 
nothing  (.beyond  general  undeairability),  to  prevent  three  contacts 
b^inp  med  in  aeries  to  provide  more  complex  signals. 
;  t  In  order  that  the  continuous  working  of  these  stations  should 
not  interfere  with  other  wireliw."  Work.  At  Ooessant  a  radiophare, 
is  only  H  miles  from  a  public  Wrvioe  station,  the  operation  of 
whioh  ll,  howeret,  in  no  •(<"'  b»*«nM  by  ih«  US  ttl,  w«t«f!  <<i>V 


BUSINESS  NOTES 


Consular  .\otes. — Argentina. — The  British  Consul  at 

Buenos  Ay  res  reports  that  the  output  of  the  German  trans- Atlantic 
Electrical  Co.  during  1911  was  as  follows  : — Light,  46,909,800 
KW. -hours  ;  power,  18,200, .jOO  kw. -hours;  traction,  63,718,800 
KW. -hours;  total,  128,829,100  KW. -hours.  The  returns  of  the 
same  compauy  for  1910  show  a  total  of  97,927,900  Kw.-hours. 
A  syndicate  of  British,  French,  Belgian  and  American 
bankers  is  reported  in  the  newspaper  Press  to  have  formu- 
lated a  scheme  for  the  building  of  an  electric  power  station 
at  Buenos  Ayres  for  the  supply  of  electricity  for  motive  power 
and  lighting  purposes  at  prices  considerably  below  those  at  present 
prevailing.  A  concession  was  applied  for,  which  would  bring  the 
German  monopoly  of  the  supply  of  electricity  to  an  end.  The  pro- 
posed contract  stipulated  that  the  plant  should  become  the  property 
of  the  Government  at  the  end  of  1957.  Italian  financiers  are  also 
said  to  be  endeavouring  to  obtain  a  similar  concess'on,  the  new 
company  to  be  known  as  the  I talo- Argentine  Compania  dn 
Electricidad.  The  German  company  having  their  mains  extended 
to  every  part  of  the  capital,  are  naturally  firmly  established  in 
this  city. 

The  British  Vice-Consul  at  La  Plata  reports  that  the  British 
Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.  inaugurated  their  new  station  on 
3Iarch  10th,  1912,  and  it  was  understood  to  be  their  intention  to 
double  the  capacity  of  the  station.  The  La  Plata  Electric  Tram- 
ways Co.,  Ltd.,  are  now  laying  rails  from  La  Plata  to  the 
Port,  thus  giving  an  electric  tramway  connection,  in  addition  to 
the  railway  service.  There  are  several  new  concessions 
applied  for  by  the  existing  tramway  companies  for  the  extension 
of  their  lines,  the  principal  one  beinj,'  that  asked  for  by  the  La 
Plata  Electric  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  outskirts  of  the  city,  and 
to  connect  up  with  the  new  station  of  the  provincial  narrow- gauge 
railway.  ..  .The  ■  telephone,  wires  in  the  town  are  now  being  put 
undergroutid,  and  the  ftrea'  irghVed  by  gas  b^  electrigity  is  being 
extended.  .' 

The  British  Consul  at  Buenos  A  v res,  reportinK  on,  the  tramways 
of  that  city;  States  that  although  thu  etrceta  lu  the  centre  of  the 
town  are  onl^  10  yard*  widti  th«  exoellent  hivIm  oZ  the  Anf  lo* 
IrfTOfine  ttm^t,j  ©oi  tJllM  lit  fcln*"**  wfrr  ?tfMit     Xh«  vui 


Vol.78.  No.  i.Hia.  mabch  21, 1013.]       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


460 


are  worked  on  Hiniirlo  traoke  laid  alonK  the  side  of  the  street  within 
16  in.  of  the  narrow  foot  pavement,  and  receive  their  power 
from  overhead  cables.  The  car  routcH  intersect  one  another 
at  the  end  of  every  block  of  buildint^R,  that  in,  at  intervals 
of  about  450  yardH,  and  are  undoubtedly  a  (rreat  Hource  of 
danger  to  pedcHtrianH.  Blockiii)f  of  the  trutllc  in  the 
centre  of  the  town  is  of  frequent  occurrence,  not- 
withHtandint;  that  the  cars,  aH  well  hh  all  other  vcbiclett, 
are  allowed  to  run  in  one  direction  only  in  each  street,  i.e.,  up  one 
street  and  down  another.  With  the  increase  in  the  population  the 
congestion  of  the  street  traffic  is  becoiiiinfr  a  difficult  problem  to 
deal  with,  and  it  will  sooner  or  later  have  to  be  the  met  by  the 
adoption  of  cither  undert;round  electric  railways,  or  by  a  syBteni  of 
overhead  tramways.  A  scheme  has,  in  fact,  been  put  forward  by 
the  Arifentine  Tramway  Co.,  for  the  construction  in  the  congested 
area  of  underifround  lines  to  work  in  conjunction  with  the  precent 
lines.  The  total  length  of  tramway  track  is  alx)ut  450  miles.  The 
traffic  receijjts  of  the  various  tramway  companies  in  Buenos  Ayres 
durinjr  the  first  seven  months  of  li»12  amounted  to  £1,886,100, 
rpprosentinir  the  fares  of  217, 292,200  passengers.  In  1910  and 
1911  the  traffic  was  as  follows  : — 


1910... 
1911... 


Patni'iiyerg,  H 

H2."<,782,700         2,6r>8,ti0() 
3.55,682,900         2,930,000 


Honduras.— The  British  Consul  in  Honduras  reports  that  at 
present  all  contracts  for  public  works,  all  concessions  for  railways. 
Ace,  are  given  to  United  States  contractors.  The  Government  does 
not  make  public  such  contracts,  and,  indeed,  does  not  even  initiate 
them,  but  generally  waits  until  some  enterprising  contractor  makes 
suggestions  and  submits  prices.  There  is  no  reason  why  Britifh 
firms  should  not  receive  a  part  of  the  business.  They  should  make 
themselves  known  to  the  Honduranean  Government,  and  appoint 
an  agent  in  the  capital  to  keep  them  informed  of  any  likely  busi- 
ness. This  the  Consul  cannot  do  for  obvious  reasons,  and  princi- 
pally because  these  negotiations  are  usually  kept  quiet  until  the 
contracts  are  signed. 

The  ports  on  the  north  coast  have  sprung  so  rapidly  into  being 
with  the  construction  of  railways  that  no  doubt  their  importance 
has  not  yet  been  realised  by  British  merchants.  They  would  be 
well  advised  to  send  out  representatives  to  examine  the  trade  possi- 
bilities, which,  although  at  present  comparatively  small,  are  likely 
to  grow  rapidly  and  to  be  of  great  importance  before  British 
merchants  are  able  to  get  into  the  market.  Our  United  States  com- 
petitors are  not  only  supplying  articles  which  British  manufacturers 
could  supply  if  they  took  an  interest  in  the  market,  but  they  are 
gradually  learning  to  manufacture  goods  after  the  British  style, 
although  not  so  good  in  quality  or  so  advantageous  in  price.  Never- 
theless the  orders  being  small  and  the  delivery  from  the  United 
States  more  rapid,  together  with  the  total  absence  of  British  com- 
mercial travellers  to  show  their  goods  and  arrange  terms  of  credit, 
the  merchants  very  naturally  take  little  interest  in  British  trade. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  British  firms  could,  if  they  made  an  eflfort, 
regain  a  large  part  of  the  trade  that  has  been  lost.  This  is  the  opinion 
of  a  great  number  of  merchants.  But  an  effort  must  be  made.  It 
is  not  sufficient  just  to  send  out  catalogues  in  English.  They  must  be 
printed  in  Spanish,  otherwise  they  are  of  little  value  ;  and  at  the  best 
catalogues,  unless  followed  up  by  commercial  travellers,  are  little 
more  than  an  unattractive  bait  to  merchants  who  have  long  been 
used  to  the  misrepresentations  in  foreign  catalogues.  Terms  of 
credit,  too,  must  he  made  attractive  and  such  as  to  suit  the 
exigencies  of  the  local  money  market,  which  is  entirely  dominated 
by  the  banana  crop.  For  example,  when  drought  sets  in  or  heavy 
winds  blow  down  the  crops,  money  is  scarce  and  merchants  are 
unable  to  meet  their  obligations  punctually.  United  States 
travellers  watch  and  understand  perfectly  the  embarrassments  tf 
their  clients,  and  consequently  arrange  to  meet  them  half-way. 
There  is  no  apparent  reason  why  British  manufacturers  should  not 
imitate  their  competitors  and  seek  to  manufacture  that  which  suits' 
the  market  at  attractive  prices,  even  if  the  particular  article  must 
be  mferior  in  quality.  The  trade  of  Germany  with  the  Atlantic 
coast  of  Honduras  is  small  at  present,  but  is  liiely  to  expand  now 
in  view  of  the  new  steamship  service  opened  up  by  the  Hamburg- 
American  Line  between  Hamburg  and  Puerto  Cortez.  In  June  last 
an  experiment  was  made  by  the  company  to  carry  bananas  from 
Cortez  to  Hamburg.  The  venture  was,  it  is  said,  a  great  success, 
and  since  then  two  other  voyages  have  been  made.  It  will,  there- 
fore, readily  be  seen  what  an  advantage  this  will  be  to  German 
trade,  and  British  firms  would  do  well  to  follow  the  example  of 
their  competitors. 

Catalogues  and  Lists. — Messes.  Gent  &  Co.,  Ltd., 

Faraday  Works,  Leicester.— Catalogue  No.  12  (44  pages')  containing 
illustrations,  brief  particulars  and  prices,  of  a  variety  of  electric 
bells  and  telephone  instruments  for  domestic,  office,  mining  and 
other  service  ;  also  indicators,  batteries,  cables  and  wires,  and  acces- 
sories. A  hanging  wall  show-card  is  to  hand  illustrating  their 
"  Electromatic  "  telephones  (automatic  C.B.  interphones).  Further, 
we  have  received  a  copy  of  a  testimonial  from  the  rector  and  church- 
wardens of  Ruardean  Parish  Church  concerning  the  satisfactory 
service  that  is  being  rendered  by  a  Gent  electric  clock  installed  threa 
years  ago  in  the  church  tower. 

Messes.  Neville  &  Co.,  Midland  Electrical  Works,  Braoebridge 
Street,  Birmingham. — 40-page  art  paper  catalogue,  giving  illus- 
trations .with  prices  of  a  representative  selection  of  electric  light 
fittiiigs-^brackets,  ceiliiig  fitting*,"  pendants,  eleotrolierp,  hall 
pendantsi  lanterns,  floor  and  belvel  standards,  luminous  and  Bastian 
type  radiators  and  advertieiiig  8if  ns, 

lROti.-&ti&fiiin,  Ot;TtA-P&&oaA  xnt)  T£ti£t)&At>a  WoKSa,  Co.< 
tTO,.  Sll^Srtc^^^i  B,— W«ji*i»8'-«Mi.ttrr»h(re<1  »nd  f«Uylll«»»iaW 


oatkloKue  of  "  Silvertown  InHtrnmenta,"  includincr  MorM  and 
Wheatatone  apparatus,  Hounders,  portable  tenting  Mt«,  vibrator*, 
lightning  protectors,  reflei:tlng  ana  needle  galvutiometf-m.  portable 
batteries  for  tenting  wits,  reHiatance  boxf*,  the  Applcyard  oon- 
ductomcter,  testing  keys,  condenwera,  switches  and  commatatora, 
patent  terminals,  water-level  apparntur,  and  numeroas  other  manu- 
factures  of  the  same  character. 

Mes.-^hh.  Slmi'I.k.v  Co.Mjt-iTH,  Lid.,  Oarrison  Lane.  Birmingham. 
—  Kight-pagc  list  (No.  477.  catalogue  Hectif^n  "W  ')  giving 
tabulated  particulars  and  prices  of  wires  and  cables,  including  the 
usual  grades  of  vulcanited  cables  for  electric  lighting,  tlexible 
cords,  and  Vjell  wires. 

TiiK  Si;n  Electbical  Co.,  Ltd.,  1  HI  20,  Charing  Crosa  Road, 
London,  W.C.— Thirty-six  page  catalogue  ("Section  ""'S  "),  in  which 
they  give  full  information,  with  numerous  illuetratiotiH,  also  photo- 
metric tests,  and  prices,  concerning  their  "Sunlitc"  and  "Snn- 
line  "  refiectors.  The  contents  in  the  main  include  wireless  china, 
lineal,  curved  picture  lighting,  box,  and  other  reflectors,  window 
reflector  signs,  window  fitting  lighting  accesBories,  indirect  lighting 
fittings,  outside  lanterns,  and  metal  and  carljon  lamps  for  same. 
The  picture  lighting  reflec^tor  described,  concentrates  the  light 
upon  the  middle  portion  of  the  picture  where  it  is  most  desired. 
It  is  fixed  at  the  top  close  to  the  picture,  and  can  be  decorated  to 
harmonise  with  the  frame  or  surrounding  decoration. 

British  Abc  Weldi.ng  Co.,  Ltd.,  Sntlolk  House,  Laurence 
Pountney  Hill,  E.G.-  Pamphlet  describing  the  sybtem  employed 
(using  an  iron  welding  pencil  instead  of  a  carbon  rod,  so  as  to  avoid 
a  hard  weld)  in  repairing  thips'  boilers,  furnaces,  frames,  pears,  &0k, 
in  position,  with  the  aid  of  portable  generating  plant.  Numerons 
illustrated  examples  of  work  done  are  given. 

The  British  Tuomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd,  Mazda  House, 
London,  RC — New  edition  of  their  folder  "The  Ntcesoity  for 
.Scientific  Refl'ctors"  (S,  2,317),  dealing  briefly  and  popularly  with 
the  functions  and  advantages  of  a  scientific  reflector.  The  contents 
include  description  and  prices  of  Veluria,  Holophane  and  Mazdalux 
reflectors,  also  galleries  and  Mazda  lamps.  Folder  No.  S2,319 
describes  and  prices  the  various  types  of  "Veluria"  reflectors. 
These  have  not  long  been  on  the  market,  but  they  are  already 
widely  used. 

Messes.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works.  Ltd.,  Tyssen  Street, 
Dalston,  N.E. — Price  list  No.  D7  (12  pages)  giving  illustrations, 
prices  and  other  particulars  of  close  upon  20  different  designs  of 
their  rise  and  fall  pendants  for  dressing  rooms,  kc. 

Trade    Announcements. — Mr.  G.  Ellam    (who   for 

some  years  has  acted  as  branch-manager  of  the  supply  department 
of  the  British  Westinghouse  Electric  Co.  for  the  London  district) 
has  been  appointed  assistant  manager  of  the  supply  department  at 
the  company's  headquarters  at  Long  Millgate,  Manchester.  Mr. 
F.  Rook  (late  of  Messrs.  Baxter  ic  Gaunter,  London)  has  been 
appointed  to  succeed  Mr.  Ellam  as  London  branch  manager  of  the 
supply  department  at  179,  Wardour  Street.  W. 

Messrs.  G.  Hablakd  Bowden  &  Co.,  announce  that  for  greater 
convenience  in  their  business,  they  are  moving  their  offices  from 
the  City  to  Westminster.  Their  address  is  now  1,  Victoria  Street, 
Westminster,  S.W.  ;  telegraphic  address,  "Harbowdeco,  Vic, 
London  "  ;  telephone  number,   "  Regent  1009." 

Book  Motioes. — The  Chemical  Trade  Directory,  1913. — 
London  ;  The  Chemical  Trade  Jmtrjial. — This  is  the  fifth  edition  of 
a  very  serviceable  work,  in  which  there  are  arranged  both  alpha- 
betically and  in  classified  sections,  the  names  of  chemical  manu- 
facturers, merchants,  brokers  and  agents,  and  makers  of  chemical 
plant  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  The  closing  section  of  the 
book  (some  20  pages)  contains  a  copy  of  the  Alkali,  Ax.,  Works 
Regulation  Act  of  1906,  an  abstract  of  the  Alkali  Report  for  1911, 
a  statement  from  the  Census  of  Production  relating  to  the  chemical 
trades,  price  diagrams  of  metals,  chemicals,  acids,  ^c,  also  tabular 
statistics  regarding  three  years'  exports  and  imports  of  chemicals 
and  allied  products. 

"Science  Abstracts."  Vol.  XVI,  Part  2.  February  25th.  1913. 
Sections  A  and  B.  London :  E.  &  F.  N.  Spon,  Ltd.  Price  Is.  6d.  net 
each. 

"Transactions  of  the  N.-E.  Coast  Institution  of  Engineers 
and  Shipbuilders."  Vol.  XXIX,  Part  4.  March,  1913.  Newcaatle- 
on-Tyne  :  The  Institution.    Price  of. 

"  Tran.sactioHS  of  the  Institution  of  Engineers  and  Shipbuilders 
in  Scotland."     Part  5.     1912-13.     Glasgow  :  The  Institntion. 

"Journal  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers." 
Vol.  XXXV,  No.  3.  March,  1913.  New  York:  The  Society.  Price 
35  cents. 

Patent  ipplication. — Application  has  been  made  by 
Harvey  Hubbell  for  the  restoration  of  patent  No.  15,801  of 
1901  for  "Improvements  in  Holders  for  Electric  Incandescent 
Lamps,"  which  expired  on  August  6th,  owing  to  non-payment  of 
renewal  fee. 

Dissolutions. — Dewhirst,  Taylor  &  Co.,  mechanical 

and  electrical  engineers,  Soho  Works,  South  Street,  Hey  wood. — 
Messrs.  A.  S.  Dewhurst  and  J.  Taylor  have  dissolved  partnership. 
Mr.  Taylor  will  attend  to  debts,  &.6. 

Flamwell  vt  SuoTTON,  mechanical,  and  electrical  engineers^ 
Church  Walt  Works,  Worksop.— Messrs'.  T.  H.  Flamwell  and  E,  W. 
Sholton  have  dissolved  partnership.  Debts,  ice,  are  being  attended 
to  by  Mr.  Shotton,  who,  since  January  Ist,  has  carried.cn  the  busi- 
twst  under  his  own  name  at  the  same  address,  and  '<yiU  iKintiAne 
to  do  ttOi 


470 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.  72.  No.  i,843,  mabch  21,  1918. 


Bankrnptf.T  Notices. — Samuel  Smith  (Smith  &  Sons), 

Victoria  Sqoare.  VVidnes,  "  Jfuitic  and  Mvgiml  J nstrvmcvt  Dealer) 
Klectriral  Engineer  tin/I  fleneral  Dealer." — Rpceivinp  order  made 
March  10th  at  Liverpool,  on  debtor's  petition. 

JIiTCHELL.  J.  &  F.  (Fred.  Mitchell  &  Co ").  electrical  enpineere. 
Ardwici.  Manchepter — First  meetinp,  March  27th;  public 
examination,  April  25th,  both  at  Manchester. 

William  Longdox  and  Vernon  Gforge  Cobb  (tradinfr  as 
Lonpdon  A;  Cobb),  electrical  engineers,  101a,  Derby  Road.  Notting- 
ham.—  The  adjonrnfd  public  examination  of  the  above-named 
debtors  was  held  at  the  County  Court  House.  St.  Peter's  Gate, 
Nottingham,  last  week.  In  answer  to  the  Official  Receiver,  the 
debtor,  Longdon,  said  that  it  was  in  August  of  last  year  that  he 
first  found  that  the  firm  was  financially  involved,  and  the  trading 
lesses  during  the  10  months  totallfd  £250.  Asked  why  he  had 
continued  to  pay  a  money-lender  10s.  a  week  after  he  had  met  his 
creditors,  debtor  said  that  some  of  his  creditors  had  expressed  the 
desire  that  he  should  go  on,  and  if  he  had  not  paid,  the  money- 
lender would  have  taken  all  his  assets.  The  Official  Receiver  said 
he  thought  that  the  examination  of  Longdon  should  be  adjourned. 
This  the  Registrar  ordered,  while  the  examination  of  Cobb  was 
declared  closed. 

.Tames  William  Lewi^lev,  electrician,  65,  Brierley  Street,  late 
103,  Mansfield  Road,  Nottingham. — The  public  examination  of  the 
above-named  debtor  was  held  at  the  County  Court  House,  St. 
Peter's  Gate,  Nottingham,  last  week,  when  the  case  was  ordered  to 
stand  adjourned  in  order  that  an  amended  statement  of  affairs 
might  be  furnished. 

For  Sale. — The  Ayr  Corporation  has  for  disposal  a 
number  of  open-type  a.C.  arc  lamps  and  accessories.  Messrs.  Fuller, 
Horsey,  Sons  A:  Cassell  will,  on  March  27th,  sell  by  auction  the 
electrical  rolling  stock  used  on  the  "  All  Red-Route" Railway  "  at 
the  Crystal  Palace.     See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

Battery    Nanafactnre    in    France. — La   Societe  de 

I'Accumulateur  Robust  is  the  name  of  a  new  concern  which  has 
just  been  formed  at  Glos-sur-Lisieux  (Calvados),  with  a  capital  of 
£16,000,  to  manufacture  a  new  accumulator. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Acton. — The    MetropoUtan    Electric    Supply    Co.    has 

Pent  in  a  tender  of  £25  for  the  lighting  of  the  Acton  Cottage 
Hospital  by  electricity,  which  very  many  members  of  ihe  governing 
body  are  in  favour  of,  regarding  it  as  a  great  improvement  on  the 
present  methods. 

Altriuoliam.  —  The    U.D.C.    has    received    from    the 

Altrincham  Electric  Supply  Co.  a  portion  of  the  scheme  for  the 
sngirested  lighting  by  electricity  of  Railway  Street,  Stamford  New 
Road,  and  George  Street.  This  consists  of  41  lamps  of  100  c.p.  each, 
extending  from  the  foot  of  the  Downs  to  the  junction  of  Barring- 
ton  Road  and  Stamford  New  Road,  the  cost  of  the  installation 
being  given  as  £  as.S.  The  matter  is  to  be  further  considered  at  a 
meeting  of  the  Highways  and  Lighting  Committee. 

Albroatb. — A  proposal  to  work  the  dockgates  by  electric 

power  hao  been  under  the  consideration  of  the  Harbour  Trustees, 
and  recently  a  deputation  inspected  the  electric.motor  geai-  at  Kirk- 
caldy Harbour.  On  the  ground  that  it  would  take  "  thousands  of 
pounds  to  equip  the  Arbroath  dockgates  similarly  to  those  at  Kirk- 
caldy." the  proposal  has  been  dropped. 

Argentina.  —  The  Compa^ia  Italo- Argentina  di 
Elettricita  is  the  title  of  one  of  the  two  companies  which  have 
obtained  concessions  in  Buenos  Ayres  in  competition  with  the 
German  Transmarine  Electrici'y  Co ,  the  other  being  the  Lacroze 
Co  ,  as  previously  mentioned  in  this  journal.  Originally  formed  as 
far  back  as  October,  1911.  the  Italian  company  received  the  grant  of 
its  concession  in  August,  1912,  and  the  plans  of  the  power-station 
and  distributing  network  are  to  be  completed  by  the  end  of  April, 
so  that  two  or  three  years  will  have  elapsed  before  the  works  are 
completed.  The  share  capital  is  .£440,000,  and  the  undertaking 
will,  therefore,  be  a  comparatively  modest  enterprise  which  is  said 
to  ref  kon  chiefly  upon  the  custom  of  the  Italian  colony  in  Buenos 
Ayres.  Most  of  the  capital  has  been  subscribed  by  Italians,  the 
remainder  having  been  fumishpd  by  Ajgentine  subjects.  Among 
the  former  are  the  firms  of  Pirelli  &  Co.,  of  Milan,  Franco  Tosi,  of 
Legnano,  and  the  Tecnomasio  Brown-Boveri,  of  Milan,  who  are  said 
♦o  have  been  induced  to  participate  because  Italian  firms  have  no 
longer  bepn  given  orders,  as  in  former  years,  by  the  German  Trans- 
marine Electricity  Co.  These  firms,  which  respectively  make 
cables,  engines,  and  generating  plant,  have  assured  thtniselves,  by 
co-operation  in  the  provision  of  the  capital,  of  contracts  of 
the  value  of  £-'00.000. 

.4shton-under-Lyne. — A  startling  discovery  was  recently 
made  at  the  Corporation  refuse  destructor,  which  adjoins  the  elec- 
tricity works.  An  employi',  in  delivering  refuse  to  the  destructor, 
discovered  among  the  rubbish  a  12-pr.  lyddite  shell,  which,  on 
examination,  proved  to  be  a  live  one.  Had  the  shell  reached  the 
doetructor  furnace,  there  is  little  doubt  that  the  plant  would  have 
bepn  wrecked. 

Daring  the  past  month,  29  street  lanpe  have  been  converted 
from  gas  to  electric  light. 


Bamsley,  —  The  Electricity  and  Lighting  Committee 
has  had  under  consideration  a  report  by  the  borough  electrical 
engineer,  on  the  condition  of  the  old  mechanical  stokers  at  the 
electricity  works,  and  has  decided  that  four  of  the  original 
mechanical  strokers  be  replaced  by  four  Bennis  sprinkler  stokers, 
at  a  cost  of  £525,  to  be  defrayed  from  the  reserve  fund. 

Bradford. — The  city  architect  has  been  instructed   to 

arrange  for  the  construction  of  an  electricity  sub-station  at  Odsal 
at  the  same  scheduled  rates  as  those  for  Thornbury  sub-station. 

Bridlinsrton. — Owing  to  delay  on  the  part  of  the  L.G.B. 
in  holding  an  inquiry  into  the  Corporation's  ajipltcation  for  sanction 
to  borrow  £4,100  for  the  installation  of  a  steam  generating  set  at 
the  electricity  works,  it  has  been  necessary  to  hold  a  special 
meeting  of  the  T.C.  to  consider  the  matter.  Alderman  Collins 
said  the  development  of  the  town  and  the  demand  for  Current  made 
it  absolutely  espential  that  they  should  have  new  plant,  and 
though  he  did  not  anticipate  that  the  L.G.B.  would  place  any 
impediment  in  the  way  of  the  extension,  if  the  Corporation  were 
to  cope  with  the  summer  demand  for  current,  the  work  would  have 
to  be  proceeded  with  at  once.  The  Council  unanimously  decided  to 
authorise  the  Committee  to  accept  a  tender  of  £2,867  for  the  plant 
required,  and  to  accept  the  tenders  for  the  installation. 

Bristol. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  City  Council,  Aid. 
Lloyd,  speaking  on  the  report  of  the  Finance  Committee,  called  the 
attention  of  the  Council  to  the  fact  that  in  the  matter  of  street 
lighting  it  was  proposed,  with  the  help  of  the  Electrical  Committee, 
to  reduce  the  cost  of  electric  lighting  in  the  streets  by  £1,000  in 
the  coming  half-year,  and  stated  that,  no  doubt,  there  would  be  a 
similar  reduction  in  the  following  half. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Sanitary  Committee  held  later  in  the  week, 
it  was  reported  that  a  letter  had  been  received  from  the  City  elec- 
trical engineer  (Mr.  H.  Faraday  Proctor)  setting  forth  suggested 
alterations,  which  amounted  to  a  reduction  of  the  cost  of  the  arc 
lamps  by  i2,000  per  annum  ;  and  the  conversion  of  some  700  gas 
lamps  to  electric  lamps,  to  which  the  current  would  be  supplied 
free  of  cost. 

Continental  Notes. — Spain. — A  comprehensive  scheme 
of  water-power  utilisation  is  now  being  carried  out  under  perpetual 
concessions  by  theCompagnie  Barcelonaise  de  Traction,  d'Elairageot 
de  Force.  The  water-powers  are  located  on  the  Rio  Noguera 
Pallaresa,  the  Rio  Segre  and  the  Ebre.  and  are  capable  of  furni^hing 
.300,000  H  p.,  of  which  137,000  H  P.  is  to  be  first  brought  into  use 
by  two  large  and  two  auxiliary  stations.  The  Seros  station,  on 
the  Rio  Segre,  will  comprise  four  generators  of  a  total  of  56,000  H. P. 
and  is  expected  to  be  set  in  operation  at  the  end  of  the  present  year. 
In  the  case  of  the  Los  Tarradets  station  on  the  Noguera  Pallaresa, 
there  will  be  five  generators  with  a  total  output  of  70,000  H  P.,  and 
the  work  is  to  be  completed  in  October.  1914.  The  two  auxiliary 
stftions  are  situated  at  Talarnand  at  Pola  respectively,  and  will  yield 
11,000  H.P.,  the  latter  being  now  finished.  The  stations  of  Seros 
and  L  '8  Tarradets,  which  are  b>th  8(J  miles  distant  from  Barcelona, 
will  be  connected  with  the  latter  by  means  of  two  transmission 
lines  carried  on  steel  standards,  the  current  being  transmitted  at 
110,000  volts  to  sub-stations  in  the  suburbs  of  Barcelona.  These 
lines  are  already  in  course  of  erection,  and  with  their  branches  will 
have  a  total  length  of  228  mil^s,  whilst  the  length  of  the 
secondary  distributing  network  will  be  210  miles  at  25,000  volts, 
and  85  miles  at  6,000  volts.  It  is  definitely  believed  that  the 
company  will  be  able  to  meet  all  the  power  requirements  in 
Barcelona  and  district,  apart  from  the  working  of  the  tramways, 
which  are  already  in  the  company's  possession.  During  the  past 
12  months  the  company  has  secured  contracts  to  supply  80,000  H.P., 
and  it  is  expected  that  these  will  have  risen  to  100,000  H.p. 
when  the  firnt  stations  are  brought  into  operation  this  year. 

It  is  stated  that  an  end  has  now  been  pnt  to  the  ruinous  com- 
petition which  has  existed  for  a  long  time  past  between  the  electric 
supply  companies  in  Madrid,  and  which  has  only  been  of  advantage 
to  the  consuming  public  in  consequence  of  the  very  low  prices 
charged  for  supply.  It  has  now  been  agreed  that  the  companies 
shall  form  two  groups- — the  Electra  and  Giamberi  on  the  one  hand, 
and  the  Union  Electriea  on  the  other — and  the  receipts  are  to  be 
pooled  and  divided  in  equal  shares.  A  joint  committee  of  inspec- 
tion consisting  of  eight  members  has  been  constituted,  and  the 
chairman  of  each  group  will  occupy  the  presidency  of  the  com- 
mittee in  alternate  years.  The  tarifiF,  which  had  fallen  to  r92d. 
per  KW.-hour  under  the  effects  of  the  competition,  has  been  raised 
to  576d.  The  agreement  is  for  a  term  of  60  years,  and  it  is 
expected  to  be  extended  shortly  so  as  to  include  the  Hidro-Electrica 
Espanola  and  the  Hidraulica  Santillana. 

Fkakce. — A  new  company  has  lately  been  formed  in  Paris  (169 
Boulevard  Pereire)  with  a  capital  of  £20.000  and  the  title  La 
Soci6t6  Electrique  de  Saint  Friest  et  Extensions. 

Russia. — It  is  reported  that  the  Moscow  Electric  Co.  has 
acquired  a  large  deposit  of  peat  in  the  Bogorodsker  district,  and 
proposes  to  establish  a  large  generating  station  near  the  same,  with 
the  object  of  transmitting  the  current  gentrated  to  the  city  of 
Moscow. 

Crnnipsall. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Manchester  B.  of  G. 
recently,  the  clerk  reported  that  the  L.G.B.  had  sanctioned  an  in- 
stallation of  the  electric  light  at  Crumpsall  Workhouse  at  a  cost  of 
£4,755,  and  also  the  borrowing  of  £4,300  for  carrying  out  the 
work,  which  has  been  let  to  a  firm  of  Salford  electrical  engineers. 


Vol.71.  No.i,84M.MABOHai,i9i3.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


471 


Darliii}(toii. —  Unlike  some  municipal  cleotricity  utnler- 

takinpTH,  that  at  Darlington  han  iilwnyH  been  ablci  to  Hhow  Hatis- 
faotory  rcHuItH.  Up  to  the  end  of  I'JIl  the  totul  capital  expend- 
itnro  on  goneratini?  plant,  malnH,  ku.,  wa'*  about  £H2,00(l.  The 
total  capacity  of  the  plant,  including'  the  battcrieH  and  allowinir 
one  set  for  traction  and  one  Bot  as  upare,  in  about  1,UUU  K\v.,  and 
the  maxiuiuin  load  durintr  the  present  winter  has  exceeded 
1,800  KW  ,  which  is  'Ai  per  cent,  hif^her  than  the  maximum  load  of 
th(;  previoiiH  year.  For  the  nine  monthH  ended  December  'Mat 
last,  the  output  wnH  liO  per  cent,  higher  than  that  of  th<!  previous 
corresponding  period,  and  for  the  yoar  ending  March  iUst  next  it  is 
nntioipatod  i)y  the  Darlington  Corporatiou's  olootrical  engineer, 
Mr.  J.  U.  P.  Lunn,  that  the  output  will  amount  to  over  four 
million  units.  The  bulk  of  this  increased  output  has  been 
taken  by  power  consumern,  but  there  has  also  been  a  large 
increase  in  the  private  lighting  units.  It  is  estimated  that 
for  the  current  year  the  cost  per  unit,  excluding  only  interest 
and  depreciation,  will  be  less  than  id.,  in  spite  of  the  increased 
coat  of  coal.  This  will  be  the  lowest  on  record  for  any  under- 
taking with  an  output  of  less  than  ten  million  units  per  annum, 
and  there  are  only  live  larger  undertakings  with  costs  lower  than 
id.  per  unit.  There  are  now  H '.12  motors,  representing  4, 3:")!  ii.p, 
connected  to  the  Darlington  mains,  and  14  of  the  large  works  in  the 
town  are  being  supplied  with  electricity  for  powi  r  purposes  from 
the  municipal  station.  Recently  a  supply  has  been  given  to  the  works 
of  the  Cleveland  Ikidge  and  Engineering  Co..  and  in  this  connection 
and  also  owing  to  the  fact  that  it  is  anticipated  that,  during  the  next 
12  months,  the  output  will  increase  by  about  ;(00  kw.,  it  has  been 
decided  to  install  a  1,()00-K\v  turbo-generator,  with  rotary  con- 
verters and  condensing  plant,  and  the  cost  of  these,  together  with 
the  necessary  pipework,  foundations  and  switchgear,  is  estimated 
at  £7,770.  In  order  to  cope  with  the  increased  output,  it  has  been 
decided  also  to  provide  a  hew  boiler,  which,  including  fittings, 
superheater,  mechanical  stoker,  pipework,  foundations  and  setting, 
will  cost  about  .CI,4tiO.  There  will  also  be  jirovided  an  additional 
feed  pump  to  the  two  boilers,  which  will  supply  the  new 
turbo-generator,  and  the  cost  is  estimated  to  be  £130,  and  of 
two  superheaters,  including  the  pipework,  .1:230.  An  additional 
coal  storage,  of  1,000  tons  capacity,  will  be  provided,  at  an  expen- 
diture of  £470.  Accordingly,  contracts  have  just  recently  been 
entered  into  with  Mesesrs.  Richurdsons.  Westgarth  for  one  1,000-KW. 
turbo-alternator  :  with  the  British  Westinghouse  Co.  for  one 
7riO-KW.  and  one  2.50-k\v.  rotary  converters  :  and  with  Blessrp. 
Babcock  i;  Wilcox,  for  one  water-tube  boiler.  Application  is  being 
made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  a  loan  of  the  afore-mentioned  amounts,  as 
also  for  £630.  the  cost  of  a  new  fuel  economiser,  recently  installed  ; 
and  for  Cs.OOO  for  prospective  expenditure  on  mains  and  services-; 
and  for  £l,.'50O  for  static  transformers  for  supplying  alternating 
current  at  high  pressure  and  thus  reducing  the  cost  of  the  large 
power  mains. 

The  Council  has  decided  to  fit  penny -in -the- slot  meters  in  houses 
where  required,  the  charge  being  at  the  rate  of  4Jd.  per  unit, 
including  the  supply  of  metal-filament  lamps  to  consumers. 

Edinburg'b. — Tlie  Electric  Tjighting  Committee  has  con- 
sidered a  communication  from  the  Colinton  Tramway  ('o.  asking 
on  what  terms  the  T.C.  would  give  it  a  supply  of  energy  for  resupply 
to  Bedford  Barracks.  The  company's  order  entitles  it  to  get  a 
supply  of  electricity  at  the  boundary  for  the  tramway  at  the  same 
price  as  charged  ordinary  consumers.  It  was  understood  fiom  the 
application  for  a  supply  that  the  company  desires  afterwards  to  sell 
it  at  its  own  price.  To  that  attitude  objections  were  expressed  by 
members  of  the  Committee,  and  the  town  clerk  is  to  write  to  the 
company  and  the  military  authorities  pointing  out  the  objections. 
It  is  stated  that  the  view  is  that  thc^  Corporation  should,  if  possible, 
supply  the  lighting  direct  to  the  barracks. 

Farawortll  (near  Boltuo). — The  Electricity  Com- 
mittee has  decided  that  the  price  of  electricity  for  lighting  pur- 
poses be  reduced,  from  April  1st  next,  to  4id.  per  unit,  subject  to  a 
discount  of  {d.  per  unit  if  accounts  are  paid  within  21  days.  It 
was  also  resolved  that  power  consumers  of  2,000  units  and  over  per 
quarter  be  allowed  10  per  cent,  of  the  same  for  lighting  and  other 
purposes,  curreftt  for  lighting  in  excess  of  this  quantity  to  be 
charged  for  at  lighting  rates. 

Hereford. — An  itiquiry  has  been  held  by  the  L.G.B. 
relative  to  the  application  of  the  Corporation  for  sanction  to  borrow 
£1,600  for  the  installation  of  electric  pumping  machinery  at  the 
waterworks.  It  was  stated  that  the  adoption  of  the  scheme  would 
have  the  effect  of  converting  the  electricity  undertaking  into  a 
profitable  concern,  owing  to  the  increased  supply  of  current  when 
the  load  was  lightest.  Some  opposition  was  raised,  an  expert  being 
called,  but  the  Corporation  officials  declared  he  was  taking  a 
fictitious  basis  of  calculations,  and  one  which  was  out  of  date.  A 
petition  containing  317  names  was  put  in  against  the  scheme,  but 
several  of  the  chief  objectors  merely  desired  the  scheme  postponing 
in  order  that  the  merits  of  another  make  of  pump  should  be  con- 
sidered. The  Inspector,  however,  refused  to  admit  discussion  of 
this  pnnip.  It  13  proposed  to  use  the  existing  plant  as  a  stand-by, 
.ind  it  was  urged  by  the  promoters  that  if  the  £1,000  on  the  cable 
were  not  sanctioned,  an  expenditure  of  £S00  would  have  to  be 
made  to  meet  the  iacreased  demand  for  current  and  light. 

Holmfirth  (Yorks.). — The  Electricity  Committee,  last 
week,  reported  to  the  District  Counoil  that  the  Yorkshire  Electric 
Power  Co.  had  declined  to  supply  eleotrioltj  in  bulk,  and  has 
r«coinmand«d  tb»t  %n  .engineer  be  mttructed  to  prepare  a  scheme 


for  the  generation  of  elootrioity  for  the  town.  The  Council  already 
baH  powers  of  diHtribution,  and  baa  decided  to  invite  competitive 
SohomcH  from  engineering  Hrins. 

hirkcaldy. — The   liurbour   Committte   of   the  T.C.  in 

considering  the  Hubstitution  of  electric  light  for  the  gas  lighting  at 
the  harbour.  From  figures  nubmitted  it  appears  that  for  three 
recent  months  gas  cost  £09,  while  mantles  for  the  same  period  cost 
£35.  In  view  of  this,  the  borough  electrical  engineer  Im  to  submit 
estimatcM  for  electric  lighting. 

Lowestoft. — Tin;  T.C.  has  ilecitled  tliat  from  the  current 
March  quarter  the  charge  for  energy  for  i>ower  Hhall  lie  2d.  per 
unit  up  to  a  consumption  of  2,000  units  per  quarter,  and  lid. 
beyond.  The  charge  for  private  lighting  is  to  l»e  increaned  to 
5d.  per  unit,  with  n  [Xir  cent,  for  prompt  payment  of  accounts, 
and  the  charge  for  incandescent  outside  shop  lighting  is  to  be 
increased  to  2s.  per  quarter  per  fitting. 

Lytham, — The  interesting  contest  fcr  the  right  to 
supply  electricity  to  Lytham  between  the  Lytham  l).<:.  and  St.  Anne's 
D.C.  reached  its  final  stage  on  March  13th,  when  a  B.  of  T.  inquiry 
into  the  applications  was  held.  Vears  ago  Lytham  (.'onnoil 
possessed  powers  to  supply  electricity,  but  transferred  them  to  a 
private  company,  which  did  not  proceed  with  the  scheme.  Within 
the  last  two  years  another  effort  was  made  by  a  local  company  to 
supply  electricity,  but  owing  to  the  pcor  public  re.«ponpe  the 
company  dropped  the  scheme.  Following  this  came  an  applieation 
to  St.  Anne's  Council  from  residents  in  .Ansdell  to  supply  them  with 
electric  light.  In  view  of  this  move  both  Councils  almost 
simultaneously  applied  for  the  necessary  powers. 

Mr.  W.  Fielden,  of  Lytham,  'presented  a  petition,  signed  by  270 
ratepayers,  against  the  Lytham  application. 

iMr.  Browne,  in  presenting  Lytham  s  application,  paid  anyone 
who  had  gone  over  the  ilistrict  would  be  convinced  the  area  affordetl 
an  exceptional  field  for  the  supply  of  electricity.  He  read  a  letter 
from  St.  Anne's  Council  offering  to  supply  electricity  within  the 
Lytham  district  at  Ijd.  per  unit  for  7.5.000  units,  4d.  per  unit  for 
100,000  units,  and  at  the  same  proportionate  rate  down  to  the 
minimum  of  3d.  per  unit.  In  addition,  he  proceeded.  Lytham  was 
to  pay  the  cost  of  the  order.  Lytham  (Council  thought  the  prices 
were  too  high,  and  in  .January,  1!)0.5,  entered  into  an  agreement 
with  Messrs.  Foote  &  Milne  to  carry  out  the 'supply  of  electricity 
within  Lytham.  Messrs.  Foote  i:  Jlilne  got  the  necessary  crder, 
but  they  did  not  proceed,  and  the  order  lapsed.  The  order  was 
revoked  in  April,  1912,  and  immediately  afterwards  the  Council 
took  the  matter  into  its  own  hands.  The  Board,  he  claimed,  should 
give  preference  to  Lytham.  He  did  not  think  the  tramway  com- 
pany was  in  a  position  to  put  up  a  generating  station  for  its  own 
supply.  The  site  of  the  proposed  generating  station  was  near  the 
railway  station,  and  the  Council  was.  bound  by  contract  never  to 
put  up  a  chimney  and  not  to  use  steam  upon  the  site.  The  proposal 
was  to  use  Diesel  plant. 

Jlr.  J.  H.  Tonge,  engaged  to  prepare  Lytham's  scheme,  said  the 
first  year  he  estimated  the  receipts  at  1 2, 500  and  expenses  at  £3,000  ; 
in  the  second  year,  receipts  £3,600  and  expenses  £.^.400  ;  and  in 
the  third  year,  receipts  £4,300  and  expenses  £3,fc00.  The  profit  in 
subsequent  years  would  continue  to  increase. 

The  inquiry  was  continued  on  Friday.  Mr.  Browne  called  Mr. 
Robert  Hammond  to  give  evidence  in  support  of  Lytham's 
application. 

Mr.  J.  Ainscough,  chairman  of  the  Lytham  Council,  said  it  would 
be  most  objectionable  that  the  powers  asked  for  by  St.  Anne's  should 
be  granted.  He  believed  if  the  works  were  erected  at  Lytham 
they  would  get  many  customers. 

After  additional  evidence  on  similar  lines,  the  Lvtham  case 
was  closed. 

Mr.  Askworth,  for  the  tramway  company,  said  it  had  been  advised 
not  to  take  current  from  Lytham  under  any  circumstances.  It  had 
power  to  supply  its  own  current,  and  would  erect  a  station.  If  the 
order  was  granted  to  Lytham ,  the  latter  would  never  supply  the 
company.  St.  Anne's  came  to  the  aid  of  the  company  with  elec- 
tricity when  Lytham  was  unable  to  supply,  and  the  company  was 
compelled  to  go  to  the  expense  of  putting  mains  down  in  Lytham.   • 

The  St.  Anne's  case  was  presented  by  Jlr.  Hutchinson. 

IVe'Vvport  (Mod.). — In  view  of  the  extremely  hea\7 
capital  charges  of  the  undertaking,  and  of  the  proposals  for  extend- 
ing the  plant,  the  erection  of  offices  and  stores  at  the  east  power 
station  has  been  postponed,  and  the  application  to  the  L.G.B.  for 
sanction  to  borrow  the  estimated  cost  of  such  buildings  withdrawn. 

The  lighting  of  Commercial  Street  is  to  be  improved,  and,  as  an 
experiment,  central  suspension  l^ps  are  to  be  Ufed.  A  total  of 
TiG  lamps  in  various  parts  of  the  borough  are  to  be  converted  from 
gas  to  electricity.  The  question  of  extending  the  plant  at  the 
electricity  works,  at  an  approximate  cost  of  £12,974,  is  under 
consideration. 

North    Yorkshire   Water    Power   Schemes.  —  The 

Morning  Post,  in  a  recent  article,  points  out  that  many  of  the 
small  villages  in  the  'North  Biding  are  going  straight  from  the  use 
of  candles  and  oil  to  electricity.  This  is  due  to  the  abundance  of 
streams  in  the  Yorkshire  Dales,  and  an  inquiry  addressed  to 
secretaries  and  others  connected  with  these  luidertakings  has  elicited 
some  interesting  facts.  A  number  of  schemes  are  still  in  embryo, 
but  of  those  in  actual  operation  special  mention  is  made  of  the 
installations  at  Grassington,  Hawes,  Askrigg,  Kettlewell.  and  West 
Burton.  All  have  been  organised  locally,  and  the  proprietors  are, 
in  most  cases,  if  not  all,  inhabitants  of  the  places  supplied. 
Reference  is  made  to  the  scheme  being  adopted  at  Kettlewell. 
where,  at  a  cost  of  £560,  it  is  proposed  to  provide  a  supply  for  T7 
bnildingrs,  and  about  400  lamps. 


472 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.72.   No. ims, maboh  i2i,  hub. 


Rbhton. — The  Couacil  has  considered  a  letter  from 
the  Accrington  Corporation  in  regard  to  the  supply  of  electricity 
to  the  Rishton  Paper  Works,  and  has  decided  that  it  cannot 
oonsent  to  the  Corporations  supplying  electricity  within  the 
Rishton  district. 

Romford. — 'I'he  r.D.C.  has  declined  an  offer  made  bv 
Mr.  W.  T.  Pressland,  to  transfer,  when  obtained,  his  Electricity 
Provisional  Order,  on  payment  of  a  consideration,  provided  thatthr 
Council  would  .  onsent  to  the  order  being  granted. 

With  reference  to  the  application  of  the  County  of  London 
Electric  Supply  Co.  for  a  prov.  order  for  electric  lighting  in  the  rural 
area,  the  R.D.C.  has  practically  arranged  terms,  except  on  the 
question  of  maximum  price  and  danisge  for  severance  on  purchase. 
The  company  has  expressed  willingness  to  forgo  damage  on 
seTerance  provided  the  Council  is  willing  to  take  a  supply  in  bulk 
for  a  period  of  l.">  years,  if  it  desired  to  purchase  the  undertaking 
after  the  expiration  of  the  statutory  period. 

Ruthin. — The  T.C.  has  appointed  a  Committee  to  <ro 
into  the  question  of  an  electric  lighting  installation  for  the  town. 

St.  Anne's-on-Sea. — At  the  Marcli  meetino;  of  the 
r  1>.C.  the  electrical  engineer  reported  that  for  the  year  there  was 
an  increased  sale  of  ."i^^.OOO  units,  and  that  the  number  of  oon- 
-iiniprs  was  now  1.2.')1,  ngainal  1.101. 

Sidilioiitli. — The  sum  awarded  in  the  arbitration  for  the 
purchase  by  the  Council  of  the  Sidmouth  gas  and  electricity  under- 
taking is  £34,6^4  ;  an  additional  £8,600  repreeents  costs  and  other 
expenses  incurred  in  the  proceedings. 

SontbaiiiptOD.  — Arrantrcments  have  been  made  for  the 
supply  of  energy  to  the  proposed  factory  on  the  Western  Shore, 
•object  to  the  lessees  taking  all  energy  from  the  Corporation 
for  16  years,  with  a  minimum  consumption  for  the  second  year 
of  500,000  units,  for  the  thiid  year  GOO.OOO  units,  and  for  the 
residue  of  the  term  /.".O.OOO  units  per  annum,  at  ■626d.  per  unit  from 
midnight  to  half  an  hour  after  sunset,  and  ISd.  from  half  an  hour 
after  sunset  to  midnight. 

Stockton-on-Tees. — Tlie  T.C  is  considering  a  scheme, 
suggested  by  the  electrical  engineer  (Mr.  .1.  -T.  Smith")  of  municipal 
maintenance  of  consumers'  lamps. 

Sunderland. — At  a  raeetint,'of  the  T.C.  on  the  !2th  inst. 
Alderman  Bruce  moved  the  adoption  of  the  report  of  the  Electricity 
and  Lighting  Committee.  This  recommended  that  the  minute  passed 
by  the  Council,  adopting  a  scheme  for  paying  off  the  balance  of  the 
outstanding  loans  on  the  disused  steam-generating  plant  be  rescinded  ; 
that  the  L.G.B.  be  informed  that  the  Council,  in  accordance  with 
the  request  in  the  Board's  letter,  has  reconsidered  the  scheme  for 
extinguishing  the  debt  on  the  superseded  plant,  and  has  decided 
to  sell  fuch  plant,  and  to  undertake  to  pay  off  the  outstanding  debt 
thereon  within  a  period  of  five  years  from  April  1st,  1!U3,  and, 
I'ntther.  that  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  togetherwith  interest  thereon 
be  paid  to  a  se)iarate  "  Superseded  I'lant  Account  "  until  such  time 
a;*  the  balance  of  the  outstanding  loans  have  been  met,  and  that 
meanwhile  the  profits  of  the  electricity  undertaking  be  carritd  to  a 
reserve  and  renewals  fund.  Mr.  Bruce  said,  it  they  accepted  the 
tenders  they  had  received,  and  supplemented  the  amount  received  by 
an  annual  sum  of  £520  from  the  yearly  profits  it  would  wipe  out 
the  whole  of  the  outstanding  debt  in  five  years.  Mr.  R.  J.  Wilson, 
ueconded  the  roiwrt.  Mr.  Lawson  paid  it  was  an  unpleasant 
surprise  to  hear  that  the  electricity  undertaking  now  recognised  the 
advantage  of  a  reserve  and  renewals  fund.  Ti.ey  had  always  been 
given  to  understand  that  this  was  met  by  the  sinking  fund.  The 
report  was  adopted. 

In  connection  with  the  tale  of  the  plant,  it  is  stated  that 
offers  have  been  received  from  eight  firms  for  amounts  totalling 
£7,250. 

Swinton. — The  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee 
have  decided  to  offer  current  to  the  Highway  and  Street  Lighting 
Committee  for  street  lighting  at  IJd.  per  unit,  for  all-night  burn- 
ing, provided  that  each  lamp  is  of  not  less  than  80  watts  capacity. 
This  offer  has  been  accepted.  Subject  to  certain  conditions  the 
Committee  resolved  that  current  be  offered  to  shopkeepers  and 
others  for  outside  lighting  on  the  following  terms  : — Forconfumers 
using  current  at  the  alternative  rate.  Is.  per  quarter  for  68-watt 
lamp,  and  Md.  per  unit  ;  for  consumets  using  current  at  the  flat 
rate,  2Jd,  per  unit  plug  meter  rent. 

Experiments  are  to  be  tried  at  various  points  with  electric  street 
lighting,  preparatory  to  a  considerable  extension  of  the  system 
along  the  local  tram  routes. 

The  L.(;.B.  has  sanctioned  the  borrowing  of  £600,  repayable  in 
15  years,  for  the  supply  of  electricity  in  Broad  Oak  Park.  The 
Elt-c'.ri'-ity  Coraniittee  has  been  empawered  to  accept  suitable 
tei.dtr)'  fi  r  the  extension  and  for  the  supply  of  materials. 

Taunton. — The   Council    has  decided,   on   the    recom- 

m«n(iatii  n  of  the  EL.  Co.  to  apply  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  for 
n  li  an  of  £•_',. "jOO  for  new  plant  at  the  electricity  works. 

;  Tiuro. — At  tlic  B.  of  T.  intjuiry  held  respecting  the 
application  by  the  T.C.  and  the  Gas  Co.  for  prov.  orders  for  electric 
lighting,  it  WHu  stated  that  the  Gas  Co.s  scheme  was  estimated  to 
cost  £7.5H5.  and  the  estiniated  profit  after  four  years  waa  £494. 
Mr.  A.  E  Brook?,  manager  of  the  Ascot  Electricity  Co.,  expressed 
the  opinion  that  it  was  txiremeJy  doubtful  whether  anyone,  apart 
from  the  Gas  Co.,  could  make  electricity  pay  in  Truro. 


Troon  (Ayrshire). — The  T.C.  has  instructed  the  clerk 
to  ascertain  the  probable  cost  of  obtaining  an  Electric  Lighting 
Order,  with  power  to  transfer  the  same  to  a  company. 

Tjnemonth. — It  has  been  decided  to  reduce  the  lighting 
tariff  as  follows: — Flat  >ate  from  4id.  to4d.  per  unit:  demand 
system  from  5d.  and  2d.  to  6d.  and  lid.  ;  arc  lamp  rate  from  SJd. 
for  a  6-ampere  arc  to  3id.  per  hour.  The  engineer  estimates  that 
this  scheme  will  entail  a  reduction  in  profits  of  approximately 
£660,  but,  if  not  put  in  force  until  the  second  quarter  of  the 
ensuing  financial  year,  this  sum  would  be  reduced  to  £000.  It  is 
estimated  that  the  profit  of  the  present  year  s  working  will  amount 
to  about  £1,250,  which  will  go  towards  the  paying  otf  of  the 
dtficit  (£1.600)  still  remaining  on  the  undertaking.  The  Tyne- 
mouth  Traction  Co.  have  decided  to  postpone  taking  action  in  the 
matter  of  severing  the  electrical  connection  between  the  Tyneside 
Co.'s  rails  and  their  own  rails  until  the  matter  has  been  discussed 
between  the  Corporation  and  the  company.  The  carrying  out  of 
this  scheme  will,  it  is  stated,  entail  considerable  readjustment  of 
matters  on  the  part  of  the  electricity  department  of  the  Corporation. 

l'ru$:nay. — The  directors  of  the  State  Electric  Light 
Stations  have  presented  their  report  to  the  Finance  Minister  on  the 
working  of  the  various  stations  during  1912.  The  increase  of  sub- 
scribers was  4,'i.".0,  of  incandescent  lamps  installed  tV.'  818,  and  1,111 
new  motors,  equivalent  to  8,113  ii.p.  The  output  for  the  stations 
in  I!il0-ll  was  12,266  4  iO  KW,-hours,  and  in  1911-12  16.281.410, 
and  from  .luly  1st  to  December  Slst,  1912,  11,209,771  KW,•hou^^. 
The  net  profits  for  191011  amounted  to  §556,566.26,  and  for  1'J11-.12 
to  §725,360  60,  A  considerable  decrease  was  made  in  the  tariff 
during  the  past  year  for  power  purposes.  Amongst  the  new  works 
carried  out  in  1912  were  151,778  m.  of  subterranean  cable  for  both 
high  and  low  tension,  145,870  m.  of  aerial  lines  and  13  new  sub- 
stations.— Becew  of  the  Biier  Piatt'. 

Wakefield. — The  City  ( "ouncil  has  entered  into  an  agree- 
ment with  the  West  Riding  C.C.  for  the  supply  of  electricity  to  the 
County  Hall  and  the  extensions  thereto. 

■Whitehaven. — The  T.C.  has  decided  that  in  future  in 

the  case  of  wiring  of  consumers"  premises  for  connecting  heating 
;ind  cooking  apparatus  to  the  mains,  the  length  to  be  suppliefl  free 
should  be  limited  to  2.j  ft.,  and  that  the  consumer  pay  cost  price 
for  the  excess,  provided  that  on  the  termination  of  the  agreement 
the  excess  payment  be  returned,  less  10  per  cent,  for  each  year's 
use. 

Whitworth. — The  U.D.C.  has  received  from  the  B.  of.T. 
an  intimation  that  the  question  of  revoking  the  E.L.  order,  1905, 
is  deferred  until  April  17th  next.  The  Council  has  appointed  Mr. 
H.  Wilkinson,  electrical  engineer  to  the  Radcliffe  f  .1) C,  as  con- 
sulting electrical  ergineer  in  connection  with  a  scheme  for  which  a 
loan  of  £."),000  is  being  sought. 

Worcester. — At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Council,  the 
Electricity  Committee  recommended  the  Council  to  enter  into  a 
contract  with  the  British  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.,  to 
purchase  from  it  all  cable  the  Council  required  for  three  years. 
The  contract  came  before  the  Council  for  the  second  time.  Several 
members  had  previously  said  that  the  Council  would  prejudice  their 
interests  by  accepting  the  contract.  Mr.  W.  Sharpe  contended  that 
the  bargain  was  a  bad  one.  He  believed  a  ring  had  been  formed 
among  the  makers  of  cable,  and  the  Corporation  should  try  to  buy 
outside  it.  Members  who  had  hitherto  voted  against  the  contract, 
now  said  they  were  satisfied  that  it  was  an  advantageous  one.  The 
Ommittee's  recommendation  was  adopted. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Bradford. — The  general  manager  of  the  City  tramways 
(Mr.  C.  J.  Spencer)  has  reported  upon  the  working  of  the  revised 
system  of  fares  from  the  time  of  the  change  on  May  1st  last  year 
to  December  Slst.  The  revision  fixed  fares  on  cars  boarded  before 
9  o'clock  in  the  morning  at  Jd.  for  every  Id.  stage,  instead  of  the 
previous  arrangement  of  Id,  for  any  distance.  This,  of  course, 
reduced  the  fares  for  short-distance  passengers,  but  increased  those 
of  some  of  the  longer  distances.  The  report  shows  that,  dealing 
with  the  hours  before  9  a.m.,  the  car-mileage  has  increased  upon 
that  of  the  corresponding  period  of  the  previous  year  by  92,738, 
the  receipts  have  decreased  £2  394  (2  09d.  per  car-mile),  and  the 
passengers  have  increased  2,439,095,  or  2'44d.  per  car-mile,  an  in- 
creife  of  49  per  cent.  Notwithstanding  this  the  receipts,  it  is 
seen,  have  decreased  U  per  cent.  At  7  428d.  per  car  mile  the 
operating  cost  of  the  additional  92.738  car-miles  was  £2.S70,  s-o 
that,  in  the  eight  months,  the  experiment  has  cost  the  departmmt 
£5  264.  The  traffic  after  9  a.m.  has  yielded  an  increased  car- 
mileage  of  113,687,  an  increase  of  passengers  of  64,893,  adrcnase 
per  car-mile  of  0  32,  an  increase  of  receipts  of  £4,346,  and  a  decrespe 
in  receipts  per  car-mile  of  0  lOd.  The  additional  car- miles  have 
cost  £3,520,  leaving  a  net  profit  on  this  traffic  of  £825,  instead  of 
£4,345,  which  would  have  accrued  bad  not  the  car  mileage  been 
"  pushed  up  somewhat  unnecessarily.  '  Traffic  for  the  whole  day 
shows  that  an  increased  mileage  of  20i>.425  has  been  run,  the 
increat^e  in  receipts  being  £1,951.  The  Tramways  Committee,  after 
receiving  the  report,  decided  to  continue  the  present  arrangement 
to  the  end  of  the  12  months'  tri^l. 


Vol.72.    No.  1,849,  March  21,  1913.]         THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


478 


Chile. — Tlie  Cliilcun  House  of  hepuLics  lius  autlioiiKcd 
a  new  ouU  for  tciulorH  for  tho  {■loctrification  of  tho  firnt  Hcotion  of 
the  State  Kailwayi".  This  »e<;tion  compriHon  the  line  from  Vulpa- 
raiso  to  Santiaifo,  a  dJHtanco  of  1 17  miien,  and  the  branch  line  from 
LnH  VeijaH  to  Los  AndcH,  a  diatanoo  of  about  2H  Miilex.  Tlio  waters 
of  the  River  Aconcagua  will  bo  utilised  to  Rcnerate  the  power 
required. — JJotinl  ,«/   Truth-  Journiil. 

Continental  IVotes.-  -Ir.\i.\.-  -If.  i.^^stnted  thnt  tlieSociein 

delleFor/edelliiMiiiriihusjiiHt  concluded  an  a;;  reenient  with  the  Italian 
.State  Railway  iiiitliorities  for  the  supply  of  power  for  tho  working 
of  the  Giovi  auxiliary  line  between  Itonco  and  Siunpierdarena 
(Genoa).  'I'hin  power  supply  company's  hydro-electric  works  on 
the  Maira,  near  Dronero,  in  Piedniont,  will  be  completed  in  a  few 
months,  and  have  u  capacity  of  50,0("i  ll.l'.,  and  power  will  also  Ytc 
furnifhed  later  on  to  tho  Mont  Onia  line,  as  the  power  station  of 
the  city  of  Turin,  near  Chiomontc,  which  is  provisionally  (rivinir 
a  suiiply,  will  eventually  be  inadequate  for  the  purpose.  It  is  under- 
stood that  the  Minister  for  Railways  has  under  consideration  the 
extension  of  electrical  working  on  the  State  line.t.  Among  others, 
it  is  proposed  to  convert  the  Riviera  railway,  between  Ventimiglia 
and  Genoa,  and  the  power  would  be  delivered  by  the  Societii  Xeijri, 
-which  has  already  undertaken  to  furnish  the  energy  forthe  Savona- 
San  Guiseppe  railway.  Various  transformations  are  also  projected 
in  Central  Italy,  includiner  the  Bologna-Florence  railway,  which 
clrmbs  to  an  altitude  of  S,2."i0  ft.  '    ■    :.  - 

Rvssi.v. — Application  has  been  niade  to  the  Russian  Government 
for  a  projected  electric  railway  between  St.  Petersburg  and  the 
Finnish  irontier.  It  is  proposed  to  utilise  the  water  p)ower  of  the 
Riv  .  \  onokua  iu  the  ifeneration  of  the  necessary  electrical  energy. 
i  >'-,; .:  jst  of  the  proposed  line  is  estimated  at  L'.y.lO.OOS  roubles, 

'Douglas. — II  was  lepoiied  iiL  the  meeting  of  T.C.  tlmt, 
for  the  quarter  end<.(i  December  Slst  last,  there  was  a  deficiency  ou 
the  tramway  receipts  i.  ?  compared  with  the  expenditure,  of  £1,422. 
A  motion  to  increase  th  !  fares  on  the  cable  tramway  was  negatived, 
aii  was  als6  a  proposal  to  purchase  a  motor-'bus,  at  acont  of  £l,00ii, 
to  run  the  service  to  the  Peel  Road  district. 

Dunfermline. — Xci^otations  are  at  present  proceediu<( 
between  the  T.C,  the  sujeriors  of  the  new  Rosyth  area,  and  the 
tramways  company  regarding  tramway  extensions.  At  a  meeting 
of  the  T.C  it  was  stated  that  there  was  every  probability  of  the 
tramways  being  extended  to  Milesmark  during  the  fcuiamer.  The 
([uestion  of  id.  fares  has  been  brought  before  the  tramway 
authorites. 

Edinlturgh, — IMie  'rrainways  Committee  is  to  ask  power 
from  the  T.C.  to  negotiate  with  the  Colintyn  Tramway  Co.,  and, 
if  thought  neces  ary,  with  the  War  Office.  The  Committee  has  had 
an  offer  of  sale  from  the  company  of  the  whole  of  its  under- 
taking. Formal  intimation  waa  made  that  the  company  had 
resolved  to  apply  to  Vc  I  .iment  for  a  prov.  order  for  powers  to 
make  a  line  from  Sla.eford,  lin  Fountainbridge  to  the  centre  of 
the  city. 

Cower, — At  Swansea  on  March  13th  the  Light  Railway 
Commissioners  held  an  inquiry  into  an  application  for  power  to 
construct  a  light  railway  in  the  Gower  Peninsular.  There  was  no 
opposition,  and  all  the  public  bodies  interested  supported  the  appli- 
cation, with  the  sole  e.xception  of  the  Glamorgan  County  Council. 
The  Commissioners  intimated  that  an  exceedingly  strong  case  had 
been  made  out,  and  subject  to  satisfactory  financial  arrangements, 
they  would  be  prepared  to  grant  the  order. 

Hove. — Considerable  correspondence  has  been  going  on 
during  the  past  month  between  the  Hove  and  Brighton  Councils  iw 
reference  to  a  suggestion  from  the  latter  that  a  conference  shonld 
be  held  to  consider  the  system  of  overhead  equipment  to  be  adopted 
for  the  "through  routes  '  in  the  two  towns,  which,  under  the 
Brighton  Corporation  Act,  of  1912,  and  the  Hove  Corporation  Act. 
of  1913,  should  be  completed  within  two  years  from  August  7th. 
1912,  together  with  other  works  necessary  for  running  the  vehicles. 
The  Hove  Corporatiin  appointed  a  sub-committee  to  meet  Brighton, 
and  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  conference  was  somewhat  pre- 
mature, on  the  ground  that,  unless  the  B.  of  T.  sanctioned  double- 
decked  cars,  it  would  not  be  of  interest  to  either  borough  to  carry 
out  the  trolley  system,  and  also  that,  owing  to  recent  developments, 
it  shonld  be  open  to  the  conference  to  discuss  matters  oa  broader 
lines  than  tl  ose  indicated.  Except  the  conference  was  npon  these 
lines,  the  sub-committee  did  not  see  its  way  to  attend  for  any  other 
purpose.  To  this  Brighton  replied  that  its  represeatatives  were 
appointedspecitically  to  attempt  to  agree  on  the  system  to  be  adopted 
for  the  purpose  of  its  Act  and  the  Hove  Act.  It  appeared,  the 
letter  continued,  that  Hove  had  appointed  its  representatives  to 
deal  with  an  altogether  different  matter,  and,  ujider  the  circum- 
stances, in  default  of  its  carrying  out  of  the  provisions  of  Sec.  HJ, 
Brighton  would  submit  a  system  for  the  approvali  of  Hove.  On  this 
letter,  the  Traction  Committee  of  Hove  states  that  it  is  .still  quite 
prepared  to  confer  with  delegates  from  Brighton  but  it  must  be 
on  a  broader  basis  than  that  sugge,sted,  and  under  these  circum- 
stances, it  has  decided  to  make  a  full  imiuiry  into  the  matter,  and 
■i*>t  the  question  of  acouierence  stand,  over  for  the  present. 

II lord. — The  tramways  general  manager  has  k-en 
authorised  to  purchase  a  quantity  of  tramway  trolley  wire,  not 
rseeeding  two  miles.  The  centre  tramway  poles  in  High  Road, 
from  Cleveland  Road  to  Seven  Kings  Railway  Station,  are  to  be 
removed  And  re-exected  on  the  footpath.  Tho  cost  of  this  work  ia 
estimated  at  £450.  The  general  manager  expresses  the  opinion 
that,  from  the  point  of  view  of  general  traffic,  he  thinks  that  it 


would  be  an  lulvanlogi!  to  havti  the  poled  removnl,  an  there  would 
he  UsH  ohntruction  to  other  vehicle*  in  pulling  out  of  the  way  of 
cars  when  necesHary. 

London. — The  Metropolitan  lioroughH*  >'-*.anding  .Joint 
Committee  has  circularised  all  the  London  b<.i  ingh  counclU 
asking  them  to  take  action  to  prevent  Banctlon  I  olng  given  to 
rlauselti  of  the  Metropolitan  F.lcctricTramv.ayH  (Raillc«H  Tra'ition) 
Bill,  19i:;,  which  pcruiitH  tho  use  of  trolley  vehiolcM  on  roat«)  not 
Bpecilicd  without  the  con.sent   of  the  road  authority  being  obUiued. 

Morley. — Tlie  1?.  of  T.  has  extended,  until  Decemljer 
:ilHt  next,  the  period  for  the  wmpletion  of  the  whole  of  the  line»» 
authorised  by  the  Morley  and  DLstrict  Light  Railways  Order,  1901. 

ltaiU8l)0tt0IU. — Theic  has  been  considenilde  delay  in 
proceeding  with  the  work  of  railles.f  traction  construction,  but  it 
was  announced  at  the  Council  meeting  last  week  that  the  flrm  who 
had  been  ordered  to  do  the  work  had  agreed  to  finish  it  by  the 
end  of  July.  The  overhead  equipment  will  then  be  completed, 
and,  in  the  meantime,  the  famishing  of  the  cars  and  ao  forth  is 
being  gone  into  by  the  Council. 

Sheffield. — A  recommendation  has  been  made  that  trara- 
WAy  facilities  be  provided  for  the  residents  of  Upperthorpe,  the 
intention  being  to  lay  rails  from  the  Hillsborough  section,  up 
Albert  Terrace  Road  and  Oxford  Street  to  Haroourt  Road,  where 
.  they  will  join  the  'Walkley  section. 

Southampton. —  It  has  been  decided  to  equip  the  Cor- 
poration tramcars  with  meters  for  checking  the  waste  of  energy, 
and  the  offer  of  Ferranti,  Ltd,,  ha.s  been  accepted  to  supply  sufficient 
meters  to  equip  the  whole  of  the  cars  on  the  understanding  that 
at  the  end  of  six  months  they  are  to  be  purchased  outright  at 
£3  58.  each,  or  returned  without  expense. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Brazil. — The  Government  has  decided  upon  the  erection 
of  wireless  telegraph  stations  at  Fortaleza,  capital  of  Ceari,  and 
at  Porto  Murtinho,  State  of  Matto  Grosso.  The  total  amount 
provided  is  about  £26,700.  The  construction  of  a  special  tele^ 
graph  line  between  the  Federal  capital  and  the  State  of  S.  Paulo 
has  also  been  authorised.  The  amount  provided  is  about  £26,7(i0. 
-Board  of  Trade  Journal. 

Canada.— According     to    statistics    published    in    the 

I'inancier,  the  telephone  companies  in  Canada  number  683,  an 
increase  of  146  during  the  year.  In  Manitoba  and  Alberta  the 
systems  are  owned  by  the  Provinces.  The  aggregate  capital  is 
«16,276,851,  an  increase  of  §6,232,869  over  the  previous  yesir^  The 
gross  earnings  of  all  companies  in  the  year  were  §12,273,620, 
operating  expenses  19,094,688,  and  net  earnings  13,178,987.  The 
operating  expenses  were  74  per  cent,  of  the  gross.  A  total  of 
370  8.><4  telephones  are  in  use  in  Canada,  equal  to  one  tor  every  eight 
of  the  population.  Employes  numbered  12,873,  and  salaries  last 
year  totaUed  $2,659,641. 

Imperial  Wireless  System.— The  Advisory  Committee 

appointed  by  the  Postmaster-General  has  had  before  it  representa- 
tives of  Government  departments  and  of  those  firms  claiming  to  be 
able  to  carry  out  the  work.  It  has  also  visited  wireless  telegraph 
stations  under  the  control  of  the  Government,  and  intends  to  visit 
other  installations  of  importance  in  the  United  Kingdom  and  on 
the  Continent. 

Italy.— A  second  scheme  has  been  submitted  to  the 
Government  for  the  expenditure  of  a  further  sum  of  over 
£2,600,000  on  the  systematisation of  the  Italian  telephonj  network, 
and  for  the  construction  of  new  international  lines.  Of  the  pro- 
posed new  expenditure,  £2,097,000  will  be  allotted  to  the  under- 
ground cable  network,  and  £537,000  to  the  installation  of  new 
overhead  lines.  The  scheme  is  expected  to  be  completetl  withm  a 
period  of  10  years. — Telegrafia  c  TeU'fonia. 

Post  Office  Telegraphs  and  Telephones.— According 

to  accounts  published  last  week  (dated  November  last),  the  total  er- 
penditure  on  the  telegraphs  (including  telephones)  for  the  year  ended 
March  31st,  1912,  amounted  to  £6,906,,>*98,  while  the  receipts  fell 
short  of  this  by  £796,457.  The  receipte  included  a  snm  ol 
£201,964  in  respect  of  royalties  paid  chiefly  by  the  National  Tele- 
phone Co.,  Ltd.,  which,  of  course,  will  not  recur.  Adding  the 
annual  charge  on  the  pnrcha.=e  price  of  the  telegraphs  (£271,691  X  the 
total  deficit  was  £1,068,148.  The  amount  expended  on  the  tele- 
phones amounted  on  March  :U8t,  1912,  to  £  1  .'i,266,699,  besides 
£l,.-<8i;,l.'-.4  retained  by  the  National  Telephone  Co.  in  part  payment 
of  the  purchase  price  of  their  undertaking.  The  total  .defieiemy 
since  1869  amounted  to  £20,889,.529  ;  if  itenis  of  the  nature  ..f 
capital  were  excluded,  this  deficiency  was  reduced  tj  £8,093,4^;'. 

Sweden.— The  patent.  rig'Ms  of  the  Nya  A.B.  Auto 
telefon  Betulander  Co.  have  been  sold  to  the  Marojni  Co.,  except 
those  for  Sweden,  for  over  2,00<.:  OOU  kronen  The  sale  incladei 
the  patents  previouslr  owned  by  the  French  exploiting  company 
Usufruct  rights  in  Btetulander's  automatic  telephone  system  are 
retained  by  the  Swedish  Telegraph  Administration,— A ffar.ntrr(rf<",. 


474 


THE    ELECTRICAL   RE\TEW,      [Voi.  73.  No.  1,843,  jubcb  zi,  i9ii, 


The    Telephone    Service,  —  Acconling    to   a    recent 

aanouncement,  the  Postmaster-General  will  in  future  accept  three 
months'  notice  of  termination  of  contract  for  telephone  service. 

At  a  meetincr  of  the  Afsooiated  (""hambers  of  Commerce  last  week, 
»  reoolution  wae  paf^sed  t-ipresHinif  the  view  that  the  telephotie  ser- 
vice shonltl  lit'  carrifil  on  a»  a  uninmeriial  uiulertakin^  in  the  handi 
of  a  special  authority,  unil  uskinjr  the  (ioveriimfnt  to  appoint  u 
Select  Committee  to  consider  the  (|Ufstion. 

Trans- .itlantic  Wireless  Telegraplij.— In  reply  to  a 

question  in  Parliament,  Captain  Norton  said  that  no  licence  had 
been  ?iven  or  proiiiiEed  to  the  Marconi  Co.  in  respect  of  a  further 
-Station  for  trans- Allan  tie  coinmnnicalion  :  but  the  company  had 
been  informed  that  the  iiuostion  of  friantinjj:  a  licence  for  anch  a 
station  wiMild  be  considered  when  a  final  report  had  been  received 
frcni  the  Select  Committee  on  the  contract  for  the  Imperial  wire- 
\e*i  chain.  It  was  understood  that  the  company  was  proceeding 
with  the  erection  of  the  buildings  intended  for  such  a  station  on  a 
site  in  North  Wale-,  but  it  had  been  warned  that  its  action  was 
entirely  at  its  own  risk.  Subject  to  any  considerations  which 
mieht  arise  ont  of  the  recommendations  of  the  Select  Committee, 
and  subject  to  reasonable  conditions  as  regrarded  non-interference 
lietween  the  various  stations,  it  would  be  the  policy  of  the  Post 
Oi^.ce  to  ^rant  a  licence  for  this  purpose  to  any  British  wireless 
telegraph  company  giving  adequate  proof  of  financial  standing  and 
technical  competence. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 

Aastralia. — May  14th.  Generating  plant  for  Darwin 
Radiotelegraph  Station,  Xorthem  Territory.  See  "Official  Notices  ' 
to-day. 

Bel^inin. — ^larcb  2!>th.  Municipal  authorities  of  Ixelles- 
If z-Bruxelles.  Armoured  cables  necessaiy  for  the  low-tension 
distribution  service. 

Blackpool, — High  and  low-tension  cables  and  trans- 
former switch  pillars.     See  'Official  Notices"  March  14th. 

Bolton. — ifarch  27th.  Materials  and  stores  for  the  year. 
Mr.  Samuel  Parker,  Town  Clerk,  Town  Hall.  See  "Official 
Notices"  March  Hth. 

Bridgend. — March  21st.  One  400-k.v.a.  steam  alternator 
and  accessories,  for  the  U.D.C.     See  "Official  Notices"  Feb.  28th. 

Cairo, — March  SOth.  Tenders  are  required  for  the 
machinery  and  ac<iessorie8  for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  town  of 
Damietta.  Provisional  deposit,  :J  per  cent,  of  amount  of  tender; 
final  deposit,  50  per  cent.  Particulars,  Ministere  de  I'lntcrieur, 
Cairo.  Egypt. 

Carlisle. — ISfarch  2.'>th.  Lubricating  oils,  greases,  &:c., 
and  cables,  for  a  year,  for  the  City  Electricity  Department.  See 
"Official  Notices  '  March  14th. 

Crovdon. — March  3 1st.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the  Cor- 
poration Electricity  Department.    See  "Official  Notices"  Feb.  2l8t. 

Dandalk, —  March  -ilth.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the 
I'.D.C.  Electricity  Department.     See  "Official  Notices"  March  Tth. 

GermaiiV. — April  l.Mh.  The  Konigl.  Maschinenbau 
Amt  in  Ilanover.  Tenders  for  four  steam  turbines,  four  three-phase 
(renerators,  two  transformers  and  a  battery  of  accumulators. 

Gillingliam  (Rent).— March  28th.  Stores  for  a  year. 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  March  14th. 

Hornsej. — !March  3 1st.  Natural  draught  cooling  tower 
for  the  T.C.  electricity  works.    See  "  Official  Notices"  March  Hth. 

London. — L.C.C. — April  Srd.  Reconstruction  and  re- 
winding of  seventeen  300-KW.  synchronous  motor-generators  and 
three  .''.OO-kw.  induction  motor-generators.  See  "  Official  Notices '' 
March  14tb. 

•  April  2nd.— Electrical    installation   at  the  Avery  Hill   Hostels, 
Eltham,  S.E.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Battersea— April  1st.  Coal  for  a  year,  for  the  B.C.  Electricity 
Department.     See  "Official  Notices  '  March  Hth. 

Peterborough.— March  31  at.  1,028  yards  of  cable,  for 
the  Corporation.     See   'Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Salt'ord. — March  Slst.  Stores.  &.c.,  for  the  Corporation 
Electricity  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  '  March  14th. 

Spain. — The  municipal  authorities  of  Salvaleon  (province 
of  Badajoz)  have  jost  invited  tenders  for  the  concession  for  the 
electric  lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period  of  ten  years. 

Shanghai. — April  Srd.  Extra-high-tension  and  low- 
tension  Bwitcbgear  for  snb-stations.  See  "  Official  Notices  "  March 
Hth. 

Stalybridge. — 4,500  yards  E.a.T.  thtee-core  lead-c»vered 

cable.    Sm    Official  Notice*  '  March  Hth. 


I  rqguay,— March  29th.  Five  electric  gantry  cranes 
for  Customs  warehouses  at  Monte  Video.  B.  of  T.  C.I.  Depart- 
ment in  London. 

Wigan,— March  Slst      Materials  and  stores  for  the  Oor- 
tK.rution  i-ight  and  Tramways  Departments.    See  "Official  Notices 
.March  nth. 


CLOSED. 

Abhton. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Switchgear  &  Cowans.  Ltd..  for  high-tension  switchgear. 

Australia.— SVDNKY.— The  AustmUan  Maiiny  Standard 
publishes  the  following  list  of  tenders  for  electrical  machirery  and 
accessories  that  were  before  a  February  meeting  of  the  Electric 
Light  Committee  ;-  - 

Storage  batteries,  motor  generators,  \c.— 

N.  Guthiidgi-,  Ltd.— AltcriiRtiit-  tenaer,  \o.  1,  Sec.  B  £V2.bV).  ilo  .  No. 'J, 

Sec.  B,  £12,500. 
Ferranti,  Ltd. -Formal  tender.  Sec.  C,  f6.526. 
N'oycs  Bios.— Formsl  tender,  Sec.  A,  £9t),311  ■,   do..  Sec.  B.  £11,085     do.. 

Sec.  C,  i'B,ia2. 
British  General  Electric  Cc—Fonnal  tender,  See.  B,  £7,818. 
Australian  Metal  Co.— Formal  tender.  Sec.  A,  £82,016;  do.,  Sec.  B,  £6,447; 

do.,  Sec.  C,  £6,7ei ;   alternative  tender,  No.  1,  Sec.  A,  £32,090;  do.,  8«o.' 

B,  £6,313  ;  alternatire  tender  No.  2,  Sec.  A.  £32,695. 

Tudor  Acccmulator  Co.,  Ltd.— Formal  tender.  Sec.  A,  £32,090    alternative 

tender  No.  1,  Sec.  A,  £a2,770;  do..  No.  2,  Sec.  A,  £29,030. 
Siemens  Bros.,  Ltd.— FoiTnal  tender.  Sec.  A,  £32,8f0,  Sec.  B,  £14,622,  Bee. 

C,  £6,342;   aliernatiTe  tender  ^o.  1,  tec.  A,  £H2,7iO ;   do.,  No.  1,  Sec   B 
£10,858  ;  do.,  No.  2,  Sec.  B,  £9,iC5.  . 

Australian  General  Electric  Co.— Formal  tender,  Sec.  B,  £ll,S47;  do.,  Seo. 

C,  £E,1£1  ;  altei  native  tender  No.  1,  Sec.  6,  £10,247;  do..  Bee.  C,  £6,862, 
Dick,  Kerr  i  Co.— Formal  tender,  See.  A,  £32,090,  Sec.  B,  £10,924,  Seo.  C, 

£6,626 ;  alternative  tender  No.  1,  Sec.  A,  £32,770,  Sec.  B,  £10.924.  See.  C 

£6,525. 
Haea  ts.  Eggers.- Formal  tender.  Set.  A,  £36,160. 
D.P.  Battery  Co.,  Ltd.— Formal  tender.  Sec.  A,  £84,810. 
Chloride  Electrical  Storage  Co.,   Ltd.— Formal  tender.  Sec.   A,  £87,749; 

alternative  tender  No.  1,  Sec.  .\,  £84,699. 

Transformers. — 

British  General  Electric  Co.— £1,020. 
Siemens  Bros.,  Ltd.— i;i,160. 
Australian  General  Electric  Co.— £1,230. 
Australian  Metal  Co.— £1,266  (informalt. 

Maximum  demand  indicators. — 

Australian  General  Electiic  Co.— £168. 
W.  Q.  Watson  &  Co.,  Ltd.— £808. 

Arc  lamp  contact  and  suspension  gear. — 
Lawrence  &  Hanson  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.— £914. 
W.  a.  Watson  A  Co.,  Ltd.— £215. 

The  same  exchange  states  that  the  Prahran  ami  Malvern  Tram- 
ways Tnst  has  accepted  the  tenders  for  trucks,  wheels  and  a.xles, 
brakes  and  motor  equipments  for  Hi  new  cars  as  follows  :  — 

Trucks.-  Noyes  Bros.  Pty.,  Ltd.,  at  £67  63.  per  truck. 

Wheels  and  axles.— Noyes  Bros.  Pty.,  Ltd.,  at  £24  17s.  6d.  per  set. 

Magnetic  brakes.- Australian  Metal  Co.,  at  £60  per  set. 

Motor  equipments.— Australian  Metal  Co.,  at  £268  per  get. 

Melbocbnf,.— P.M.G.  :— 

Seven  rotary  oonverters,  £2,066.— Maritime  Wireless  Co.  (Shaw  System), 
Ltd,,  Sydney. 

BUISBANE. — P.M.G.  :— 

Gla/ed    earthenware    ccnduits,    £1,994.  —  Brunswick    Brick,    Tile     and 

Pottery  Co. 
1,416  tubular  crosB-arins,  galvanised  Iron,  £198.— E.  Baobs  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
15,000  wood  cross-arme,  la.  6d.  each.— F.  E.  Barbat  &  Sons. 
13,500  insulators,  porcelain.— Theodore  Znicker&  Co. 
7R  manhole  covers  and  franjes,  £1  7s.  8d,  each.— Balmer  &  Crowther. 

Adelaide.— P.M.G. : — 

U,'^  miles  paper-insulated  leadcovered  cable,  £1,070  per  mile;  Bj^  milee, 

£882  per  mile.— Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd. 
8  miles  various  ditto  cable.— W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co. 

Victorian  Railways.— 

ii.D.  bare  copi>er  calile. — B. I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd. 

Electric  street  railway  and  tramway  crossing,  £820.— Sewell  it  Oaskell. 

State  Rivers  and  Water  Sdpply  Commission. — 

One  motor-driven  centrilugal  pump,  Ac,  (or  Hopetoun,   £184.— P.obison 
Bros.  &  Co.  Pty.,  Ltd. 

Bridlington. — The  T.C,  at  a  specially  called  meeting, 
unanimously  approved  the  recommendation  by  the  Electricity  Com- 
mittee that,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  L.G.B.,  in  connection 
with  necessary  extensions  at  the  electricity  works,  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Willans  &  Robinson,  Ltd.,  for  a  disk  and  drum  turbine, 
coupled  to  a  tandem  D.c,  generator  of  Messrs.  Bro^n,  Boveri'i 
manufacture,  amounting^  to  £2,867,  be  accepted. 

Bolton. — The  Bolton  Electrical  Co.  has  received  the  cun- 
traot  for  installing  electric  light  at  premises  at  121,  Deansgatu, 
Bolton. 

Burton-on-'freut, — The  tender  of  Messrs.  Richwds  for 
installing  electric  light  at  Christ  Church  has  been  accepted. 

Heywood. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  Mr.  J.  Smith  for  repairs  to  the  chimney  at  the  electricity 
works. 

Kinif's  Lynn. — The  T.C,  on  March  12th,  accepted  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  Holdsworth  &  Bon«,  Ltd.,  for  a  Lancashire  boiler, 
eoonomiMT  and  iteftm  and  other  pipisf  for  the  eleotrioity  worki, 
at  A9S7. 


Vol,  n.    No.  \M'i,  Mahob  21,  1918.] 


THE    ELECTFIOAL   i^^VI^W. 


476 


(riuonmiRiidod)   £60 
10 


London.— Kenbinoto'.— The  Guardians  have  accepted 

iho  tender  of  the  Bun  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  «20  12i.,  for  «n  annual 
fiiHip'y  of  electric  flttinps.  Five  other  tenderi  were  rcurivcd,  at 
prices  rauRinff  from  £.-2\  188.  :'H.  to  £36  lOs.  !td. 

Stki-nkv.  -The  ll.C.  ElootrioityComtnittoo  received  the  followintr 
londcri)  for  o.i.  chnmbcrs,  pavement  fraimss  and  covcrH  for  ono 
year  :  — 

J.  Every       

K.  *  V.  WriRht 

CRrroD  Co.  '^ 

W,  CreiKlitoTi  Jlfl 

MeBBrp.  Siemens  UroB.  Dynamo  WorkB,  Ltd.,  have  obtained  a 
contract  for  the  supply  of  "Wotan"  drawn-wiro  and  carbon- 
filament  lanipH  for  the  ensuing  12  monthB  for  the  County  of 
Tjondon  Apylume. 

Sunderland. — The  T.C,  on  March  12th,  accepted  the 

followin^f  ttniderp  on  l)ehalf  of  the  Elootricity  and  Lightinjf  Com. 
niittee  • — 

P.I.  antl  Helsby  CivblcK,  Ltd.    472  5-(i.  low-tension  cable. 

W.G.  Farrow  &  Co.— Oasl-iron  troughs. 

llrotlicrtoii  &  Co.,  Ltd.-  Piioh  and  thinniug  oil. 

W.  I'.  HtMilcy'a  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Iitd.-Kwilcli.pillar  fuses,  and 
24  bifurcating  boxes. 

I  -R..  G.-P.  and  Telegrapb  Works  Co.,  Ltd. -440  yd.  of  19/20  cable. 

West  Kromwicli. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Bowter  >v  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  10,000  tons  of  coal  for  the 
electricity  works. 

Mllitehaven. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  following 
tenders  : — 

Doulton  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Earthenware  troughs. 
Duss'  k  Bitumen  Co.— Bitumen. 
General  Electric  Co  ,  Ltd.— Electric  lamps. 
Veritvs,  Ltd.     Clear  glaps  well  globes. 
W.  T.  Hcnley'B  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd.— Tapes. 
B  I.  and  Helsbj  Cables,  Ltd.-  Fuse  boxei.. 

Ferianti,  Ltd.,  the  Bastian  Meter  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  the  British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co..  Ltd.— Electricity  meters. 

Worcester. — The  City  Council  has  accepted  the  following 

tenders  in  connection  with  the  electricity  undertaking  :  — 

B.T.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.— Cables  required  during  the  three  years 
ending  December  81st,  1915,  at  scheduled  prices. 

Ueenan  &  Froude,  Ltd.— Extension  of  coal  storage  bunkers  and  existing 
elevator  at  Hylton  Road  electricity  works,  £980. 

Stokes  Bros.— Buildeis'  work  in  extension  of  boiler  house  at  Hylton  Road 
electricity  works,  £^77. 

E.  Bennis  &  Co.,  I^td— Bennis  patent  improved  smokeless  chain-giate 
stoke',  f.ia. 

Phivni.x  Dynamo  Co.— 350.h\v.  motor-generator,  £690 ;  the  company  to  take 
out  the  100-h"  .  complete  uiotor-gcncrntor  sft,  which  cost  £475,  and  for 
which  an  iilloVancc  of  .1:125  will  be  made.  The  balance  of  i;265  will  be 
provided  by  the  sale  ot  an  old  120.H  p.  engine  and  obsolete  76.kw.  alter- 
nator, and  of  part  of  the  old  copper  now  in  stock. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


Association  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers.— Thursday,  March  27th.  At 
7  p.m.  Meeting,  to  form  Birmingham  branch,  at  the  Y.M.C.A.,  Dale  End, 
Birmingham.  Meetings  to  foim  branches  will  also  be  held  at  Mechanic's 
Institute,  Bradford,  on  Wednesday,  March  19th,  at  8  p.m.,  and  at  "  Amal- 
gamated Society  of  Engineers,"  Mojnt  Pleasant,  Liverpool,  on  Thursday, 
March  v>Oth,  at  8  p.m. 

Manchester  Electro-Harmonic  Society.  —  Friday,  March  28th.  At  the 
Albion  Hotel,  Manchester.    Last  concert  of  the  season. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Scottish  Section).— Annual  general 
O  ij.meeting  postponed  from  April  Hib  to  April  16th. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 
(LONDON    DIVISION). 


With  regard  to  the  Orders  published  in  our  laet  issue,  those  interested 
are  requested  to  note  that  the  arrangements  announced  for  21st  inst. 
Hhould  have  been  omitted,  that  date  being  Good  Friday. 


NOTES. 

The  G.E.C.  -'At  Home."— Instead  of  their  annual 
dinner,  which  has  hitherto  been  one  of  the  events  of  the  electrical 
world,  the  directors  this  year  decided  to  celebrate  the  twenty-fifth 
anniversary  of  the  formation  of  the  company  by  giving  an 
"  At  home  "  to  their  numerous  friends.  The  difficulty  of  accommo- 
dating so  large  a  gathering  was  met  by  engaging  the  Royal  Opera 
House,  Covent  0  irden,  for  the  evening.and  on  Saturday  last  the  guests 
assembled  there  to  the  number  of  over  2,500.  The  proceedings 
took  the  form  of  an  entertainment  provided  by  a  selected  company 
of  leading  artistes  and  humorists  of  the  day  ;  the  auditorium  was 
furnished  with  small  tables  and  was  occupied  by  the  male  portion 
of  the  audience,  while  the  rest  of  the  house  was  devoted  to  lady 
visitors,  of  whom  a  large  number  were  present.  Members  of  the 
staff  of  the  (t.E.C,  drawn  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  from 
various  foreign  and  Colonial  centres,  acted  as  stewards,  there  being 
a  steward  to  each  of  the  80  tables.  Smoking  was  permitted  in  the 
auditorium,  and  abundant  provision  to  this  end  was  made,  while  an 
elaborate  and  appetising  merm  was  served  at  the  various  buffets. 
The  arrangements,  which  were  in  the  able  hands  of  Mr.  H.  Clifford 
Palmer  as  organising  manager,  were  in  every  way  all  that  could 
be  desired,  and  nothing  was  left  undone  to  ensure  that  every  guest 
should,  in  the  words  of  the  wish  expressed  on  the  flyleaf  of  the 
profrramme,    "  Spend  a   very  pleasant  evening."      The  Chairman, 


Mr.  H.  Hint,  with  the  Vloechairman.  Mr.  E.  G,  Bynfr,  the  tracerml 
muiagar,  Mr.  M.  J.  Railing,  and  thetr  oo-directori.  Dr.  A.  RaUlnir 
and  Meesrs.  L.  G.  Byng  and  F.  S.  Belli,  mingled  with  their  guest., 
hut  there  was  no  formal  reception,  and  no  upeooheii  were  made 

Amongst  those  present  were  mont  of  the  leading  light*  of  thn 
nlootrlial  world,  includintr  Mr.  Duddell,  Prettidont  of  the  I.F,.K  ,  llr. 
de  Ferranti,  I'rof.  I'trry,  Dr.  Hiimpner,  MeMHrH.  HparkH,  Ifighfleld, 
MoMahon,  Writjlit,  Hhoppard,  Slingo,  ice,  an  well  an  many 
distinguished  reprcsentativcH  of  thfi  professtons  and  Government 
ilopartiiients.  such  as  Sir  George  Moore,  Hir  .John  Taverner,  .Mr. 
A.  Colefax,  Mr.  A.  Walter. 

The  orchestra,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Herman  Finck,  needleee 
to  say,  fulfilled  its  duties  with  the  highest  efficiency.  The  pro- 
gramme included  items  by  Harry  Dearth,  the  Sunshine  Girls,  Mim 
Wish  Wynne,  Mesdames  Olga  and  F/lgar  Hudson  and  Eli  Hudson, 
.MisB  Clarice  Maync  and  "That,"  Ekimund  Payne  and  Geo. 
QrotBinitb.  MisH  Ituth  Vincent,  Harry  Tate,  Miss  Lydia  Kyaeht 
and  Theodore  Ko<^loff  and  Barclay  Gammon  ;  all  these,  obviously, 
were  sure  of  a  cordial  reception,  and  fully  maintained  their 
respective  reputations  ;  but  without  detracting  from  the  merit  of 
the  other  performers,  we  cannot  refrain  from  expressing  appre- 
ciation of  the  delightful  feast  of  harmony,  perfect  in  every  detail, 
with  which  the  audience  were  regaled  by  that  charming  trio, 
Mesdames  Hudson  and  Mr.  Hudson,  which  alone  would  have 
rendered  the  occasion  a  memorable  one.  Interspersed  amongst  the 
musical  items  were  several  series  of  bioscope  pictures  representing 
the  various  works  of  the  company  and  the  operations  carried  on 
therein,  and  we  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  these  were  amongst  the 
most  interesting  features  of  the  entertainment.  The  Witton  staff 
at  work  and  at  play,  the  manufacture  of  the  Osram  lamp,  the 
making  of  teler^h,  nes,  and  a  variety  of  other  subjects,  including  the 
offices  of  the  G.E.C.  both  at  home  and  "adl-round  the  world,"  were 
shown  in  quick  succession,  and  the  views  bore  telling  witness  to  the 
wide  scope  of  the  company's  operations  and  to  the  diversified  activities 
of  the  multitude  of  workpeople  to  whom  it  gives  employment. 
Altogether  the  entertainment  was  in  the  highest  degree  successful, 
without  a  single  jarring  note,  and  the  company  is  to  be  oongratn- 
lated  upon  the  thorough  and  efficient  manner  in  which  it  carried 
out  this  novel  and  original  birthday  party. 

We  are  pleased  also  to  offer  our  congratulations  to  the  company 
on  the  completion  of  its  first  quarter  century,  a  period  which  covers 
practically  the  whole  history  of  electrical  engineering  apart  from 
the  telegraph  branch.  Starting  on  a  modest  scale,  the  company 
has  continuously  grown  until  it  is  now  the  largest  electrical  manu- 
facturing company  in  the  kingdom,  with  a  capital  of  over  1  million 
sterling,  and  employing  nearly  10,000  hands,  while  it  has  also 
established  subsidiary  companies  in  South  Africa,  Australia,  New 
Zealand,  India,  South  America,  France,  Belgium  and  Spain.  It  ia 
capable  of  providing  almost  everything  electrical,  from  the  equip- 
ment of  a  generating  station  to  an  electric  bell,  and  owns  factories 
at  Witton  and  Edgbaston  (Birmingham),  Salford,  and  London.  A 
specially  commendable  feature  of  the  company's  policy  is  the  care 
shown  for  the  well-being  of  its  employes,  not  only  in  the  factories, 
but  also  outside  them,  provision  being  made  for  their  entertainment 
and  recreation,  of  which  full  use  is  made  by  the  workpeople. 
Athletic  grounds  are  provided  for  all  the  works  and  for  the  head 
office  :  at  Witton,  in  addition  to  cricket  and  football,  grounds  are 
set  apart  for  bowls,  tennis  and  hockey,  and  a  scheme  is  on  foot  for 
the  erection  of  an  institute  or  club  house,  affording  accommodation 
for  recreation  and  refreshment  on  a  comprehensive  scale.  Social 
clubs  have  been  organised  at  most  of  the  works.  The  G.E  C. 
athletic  clubs  have  attained  distinction  both  in  London  and  in  the 
provinces,  and  the  Lamp  Works  Fire  Brigade  has  scored  a  long  list 
of  triumphs.  The  fortunes  of  the  company  are  bound  up  with 
those  of  British  industry,  and  we  cordially  wish  that  the  completion 
of  its  second  quarter  century  may  find  it  in  a  position  in  every 
way  as  satisfactory,  but  many  times  more  prosperous  even  than 
the  present. 

Electric  Car-Lighting  Competition. — A  cup  value  £50 

for  the  best  electric  car-lighting  installation  in  an  R.A.O.  certified 
trial  has  been  offered  to  the  Royal  Automobile  Club  by  Country 
Life,  and  Skccepted,  a  condition  being  that  there  shall  be  at  least 
four  entries  for  the  competition.  The  judges  will  be  the  Technical 
Committee  of  the  club.  The  following  are  the  conditions  of  the 
competition  : — 

1 .  The  whole  equipment  must  be  entered  for  trial  and  must  be 
properly  installed  upon  a  car. 

2.  The  distance  run  upon  'the  road  shall  not  be  less  than  2.000 
miles. 

3.  All  lamps  (not  less  than  two  head-lamps,  two  side-lamps,  and 
one  tail-lamp)  shall  be  alight  at  the  same  time  and  for  at  least  six 
hours  every  day. 

4.  The  Technical  Committee  of  the  R.A.C.  shall  decide  which  of 
the  performances  as  shown  in  the  trials'  certificates  is  the  best. 

Entries  will  be  received  by  the  R.A.C.  under  the  general  regu- 
lations for  certified  trials,  until  September  15th  next,  any  equip- 
ment entered  before  that  date,  and  completing  its  trial  before 
October  1.5th,  1918,  being  eligible  for  the  prize. 

The  following  data  Winter  alia')  will  appear  upon  the  certificates, 
and  any  equipment  entered  for  a  certified  trial  in  order  to  compete 
for  the  prize  will  be  subjected  to  such  tests  as  may  be  necessary  to 
obtain  such  data  :  (<;)  Full  description  of  equipment  entered,  in- 
cluding battery  and  its  fitting  to  car,  together  with  weights  of 
parts,  and  the  wattage  and  candle-power  of  the  lamps  ;  (i1  total 
distance  run  ;  (c)  number  of  lamps  expended  :  (rf)  wear  of  parts 
during  trial  and  general  condition  after  trial  of  the  equipment, 
including  accumulator  ;  (c)  the  behaviour  of  the  equipment  at 
different  car  speeds  on  the  various  gears  at  Brooklands  :  ( /")  the 
convenience  of  the  adjustments  of  the  dynamo  and  control  of  the 
lamps 


476 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      IVoi.72.  No,  1,843,  maech  21.  isis. 


Ghent  Exhibition. — I'reparations  are  advancing  for  this 
Ezhibitioi  ■which  opens  on  April  2Gth.  No  less  than  130  Congreeses 
are  to  be  held  during  the  six  months  that  it  is  open.  Of 
these  about  one-half  are  to  be  international.  Most  of  these  130 
Conirresaes  will  last  several  days,  and  there  will  be  occasions  when 
as  msiny  as  five  will  be  sitting  at  the  same  time.  But  we  are 
informeid  that  there  will  he  plenty  of  accommodation,  for  an 
indefinite  number  might  find  room  in  the  great  permanent  building, 
the  Palais  de  Fetes  ct  d'Horticultnre,  which  is  one  of  the  most 
striking  eights  of  the  whole  Exhibition.  The  span  of  its  main  hall 
IB  far  greater  than  that  of  the  Crystal  Palace  :  the  hall  contains 
Hi  acres,  and  the  second  or  small  hall  2  acres. 

Ghent  is,  as  yet.  not  nearly  so  well  known  to  the  British  publir, 
«e  it  should  be.  To  the  business  man  it  is  the  most  thrivinp  of 
Belgian  commercial  towns,  the  centre  of  Belgium's  cotton  and 
lineto  industries  ;  to  the  general  public,  a  city  full  of  old  monuments 
and  relics  of  the  day  when,  i\s  capital  of  Tlanders,  the  town  was  in 
the  forefrontof  medi:ival  commerce  and  warfare.  But  few  businep.s 
men  even  recognise  the  important  psu-t  which  Ghent  plays  to-day 
in  Belgium's  commercial  prosperity.  In  addition  to  being  a  port, 
<Jhent  is  a  great  and  growing  manufacturing  town  in  the  centre  of 
Belgium.  In  the  cotton  factories  there  are  twice  a.s  many 
xpindles  as  in  the  whole  of  the  rest  of  Belgium ; 
frhent  linen  factories  employ  yet  more  hands  than 
the  cotton ;  (^hent  machinery  is  exported  world  wide.  To 
build  an  hotel  to  hold  ^  ,000  guests  on  purpose  to  prepare  for  the 
rush  of  visitors  to  theExhibition, and  then  to  pull  halfof  itdown  again 
when  the  Exhibition  closes,  is  one  of  the  striking  pieces  of  enter- 
prise which  the  municipal  authorities  of  the.  town  have  under- 
tikeu'.  The  hotel  is  in  no  way  a  tcniv>orary  structure,  but  brick- 
built  throughout,  and  the  remaining  half  will  continue  under  the 
management  of  the  town  as  a  station  hotel  at  the  new  railway 
station  on  the  main  line  from  Ostend  to  Brussels.  This  station, 
the  Oare  St.  Pierre,  may  almost  bo  described  as  an  Exhibition 
enterpriee  too,  for  it  is  just  on  the  edge  of  the  grounds,  and  the 
work  has  been  Bpecially  put  forward  so  that  it  may  he  ready 
for  the  Exhibition  traflBc. 

The  special  hotel  is  being  built  to  provide  rooms  at  a  fixed  and 
reasonable  price  for  visitors.  But  apart  from  the  erection  of  this 
hotel,  a  ''bureau  de  logement "  has  been  formed  to  inspect  and 
classify  all  the  private  apartments  available.  The  price  of 
these.  3  fr.,  fi  fr.,  t'.  fr.,  10  fr.,  or  15  fr.  for  the  night  and 
breakfast,  is  also  fixed  by  the  bureau,  so  that  the  keepers 
of  hotels  and  boarding  houses  will  no"t  be  able  to  raise  their 
nharges  to  famine  rates  in  the  face  of  this  competition.  This 
bureau,  which  is  not  a  business  concern,  and  has  no  financial 
interest  in  the  work,  will  have  offices  at  both  the  railway 
stations  and  at  the  Exhibition,  and  on  applying  there, 
visitors  will  be  (*iven  the  addrfsses  ot  vacant  rooms  at 
the  price  selected.  As  thcfe  will  all  have  been  inspected 
and  priced  by  the  Committee,  there  will  be  little  trouble  in  finding 
••uitable  accommodation.  li\  order  to  provide  for  the  visit  to  the 
Exhibition  of  large  parties  from  workmen's  clubs  and  in.stitutes,  the 
Bureau  has  also  hired  a  number  of  large  halls,  and  is  fitting  them 
up,  with  the  assistance  of  the  military  authorities,  as  dormatories 
where  as  many  as  100  or  150  men  can  be  lodged  at  a  time.  The 
charge  for  these  dormatories  will  only  be  sufficient  to  cover  the 
expenses,  but  arrangements  will  have  to  be  made  beforehand  with 
the  Bureau  de  Logement.  Yet  another  fact  which  should  prevent 
any  great  rise  in  prices  in  Ghent  is  the  nearness  of  Brussels, 
Bruges  and  Ostend.  Bruges  can  be  reached  from  Ghent  by  train  in 
35  minutes  ;  Brussels  in  50  minutes  ;  and  Ostend  in  fiO  minutes, 
r  It  is  interesting  to  learn  that  a  contract  has  just  been  signed  by 
the  Zeppelin  firm  and  the  directors  of  the  Exhibition  for  a 
regolar  passenger  service  from  Dusseldorf  to  the  Exhibition 
grounds.  The  service  will  be  maintained  throughout  the  months 
of  August,  Sept«mber  and  October,  and  the  fare  for  the  flight, 
which  is  about  130  miles,  will  be  £14. 

Breach  of  Colliery  Roles.— At  Heanor  on  lOtL  iust., 

George  Maxwell,  collier,  of  Dunstead  Road,  Langley  Mill,  was 
Summoned  by  Henry  R.  Watson,  manager  of  the  Butter  ley  Co.'s 
collieries,  for  a  breach  of  the  colliery  rules  on  February  21st. 

According  to  the  report  in  the  ycttingham  Daihj  Gvardian, 
defendant  was  employed  at  the  Ormond  Colliery,  Loscoe.  On  the 
date  named  he  opened  an  electrical  switch  and  applied  a  piece 
6f  wire,  which  had  the  efifect  of  making  a  short-circuit,  which 
caused  a  flash.  The  colliery  was  one  in  which  safety  lamps  had  to 
be  used  and  a  great  deal  of  danger  might  have  been  caused,  not 
only  to  the  defendant  and  his  fellow-workmen,  but  to  the  mine. 
The  wire  wm  insulated  at  one  end,  and  so  caused  no  injury  to  the 
defendant,  but  it  appeared  to  be  a  case  of  foolhardiness.  Mr. 
Watson  said  the  voltage  was  650.  If  the  wire  had  been  wet  or  the 
insulation  in  any  way  defective,  the  defendant  might  have  been 
intitantly  killed. 

-"Mr.  Robinson  said  the  lights  went  out  in  the  pit,  and  work  was 
stopped  for  10  Tiiinntes.  Defendant,  in  pleading  guilty,  said  he  did 
not  know  what  he  was  doing  ;  he  was  "acting  the  fool."  A  fine  of 
£1,  with  168.  costs,  was  imposed,  the  alternative  being  14  days' 
imprisonment. 

Parliamentan.— Private  Bills.— It  has  been  decided 

that  the  following,  amongst  other  Bills,  shall  originate  in  the 
House  of  Lords .  Bradford  Corporation.  Brighton  Corporation, 
Central  London  Railway.  City  and  South  London  Railway,  Ely 
■Valley  Gas  and  Electricity,  Hastings  Tramways,  Hove  Corporation, 
llnddersfield  Corporation.  Leeds  Corporation,  Leicester  Corporation 
l.nnfloii  i;icctrir  Railway  Metropolitan  Distrii;!  Railway,  Metro 
politan.  Ivsilway  Porthcawl  »ndlii"tt|.i  <,«oRnd  Electricity,  and 
wrinhI«?(Jon  and  Sutton  Railway.  -       ,  -    " 


Petitions  have  been  deposited  in  the  Privatr  Bill  Office  against  the 
following  private  Bills  :  Bright,  p  Conjcralion,  Certral  London 
Railway,  City  and  South  London  TTaihYfav  (numerous  petitions  in 
this  case),  Hastings  Tramways,  Hove  ^corporation,  Leicester  Cor- 
poration, London  Electric  Railway  (11  petitions),  Metropolitftn 
District  Railway,  Metropolitan  Railway  (33  petitions),  Wimbledon 
and  Sutton  Railway,  Ely  Valley  Gas  and  Electricity,  Porthcawl  and 
District  Gas  and  Electricity,  London  and  South-Western  Railway, 
Morley  Corporation,  Folkestone,  Sandgate  and  Hythe  Railless 
Traction,  Crowborough  District  Gas  and  Electricity,  L.C.C.  (Tram- 
ways. Trolley  Vehicles  and  Improvements')  (many  petitions). 
Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways  (Railless  Traction),  Mexborough 
and  Swinton  Tramways  (Railless  Traction),  Western  Valleys  (Mon- 
mouthshire) Railless  Electric  Traction,  Chesterfield  Corporation 
Railless  Traction,  Rhondda  Tramways  (Railless.  Traction), 
Coventry  Corporation,  Southport  Corporation,  Tottenham  and 
Edmonton  Gas. 

Automatic    Time    Signals   at   Rat^by  School. — An 

ingenious  device,  known  as  the  "  Universal  "  programme  ringer, 
has  been  installed  at  Rugby  School  for  the  purpose  of  controlling 
the  time-table  of  class  periods,  so  that  the  sessions  of  the  entire 
school  are  now  directly  regulated  by  the  headmaster  to  the  nearest 
half-minute  of  Greenwich  time.  The  apparatus  comprises  a  per- 
forated band  of  thick  paper,  10  in.  wide,  which  passes  horizontally 
over  trains  of  brass  drums,  so  that  at  the  appropriate  instant 
electrical  contact  is  made  through  the  holes  in  the  paper  between  a 
spring  pointer  and  the  surface  of  the  drum.  Signals  are  by  this 
means  transmitted  to  ring  electric  bells  in  various  parts  of  the 
building.  There  are  two  sets  of  eight  electrically-insulated  disks, 
each  set  mounted  in  fixed  relationship  on  a  spindle.  One  disk  is 
reserved  for  operating  a  daily  change  of  mechanism,  and  other 
dipks  are  assigned  to  the  separate  days  of  the  week,  the  correct 
wheel  being  brought  into  the  proper  circuit  automatically  by  the 
above  mechanism. 

The  whole  mechanism  moves,  carrying  the  perforated  paper  roll 
forward,  every  30  seconds,  by  means  of  an  electro-magnetic  impulse 
device  controlled  by  a  master  clock,  which  at  the  same  time 
operates  secondary  "Pulsynetic"  electric  impulse  clocks  in  the 
classrooms  and  elsewhere.  There  are  eight  signal  bells  and  nine 
"  Pulsynetic  ''  clocks  in  the  school.  A  simple  means  of  perforating 
the  roll  is  provided,  so  that  additions  can  be  made  to  the  time 
signals.  Parts  of  the  system  can  be  temporarily  cut  out  of  service 
by  means  of  local  switches. 

An  entire  change  of  programme,  as,  for  instance,  between 
summer  and  winter,  is  effected  Jby  changing  the  roll.  Power  to 
work  the  ringer  is  supplied  by  a  battery  of  Ijeclanche  cells,  which 
need  but  little  attention.  The  ringer  has  been  working  satis- 
factorily since  October  last,  and  was  erected  to  the  design  of  Mr. 
Hardy  Parsons,  managing  director  of  Messrs.  Gent  ,V;  Co.,  Ltd.,  of 
Faraday  Works,  Leicester,  whose  firm  carried  out  the  work. 

Electricity  in  the   Reclamation   of  Marshes, — For 

peat  getting  by  machine,  a  species  of  dredger  is  employed.  In  a 
.special  apparatus  made  by  Messrs.  Strenge  (Oldenburg),  the 
collecting  tackle  is  driven  through  a  worm  and  worm  wheel  from 
an  electric  motor,  while  a  second  motor  drives  the  whole  collector 
to  and  fro  on  a  13-ft.  spindle.  The  wet  peat  collected  is  carried  by 
a  chain  conveyor,  from  the  trough  into  which  it  is  first  thrown,  to 
an  electrically-driven  press.  Thence  the  peat  issues  as  a  uniform 
pulp  which  flows  along  two  troughs,  and  is  distributed  by  elec- 
trically-driven "spreaders"  over  the  surface  of  the  drained  land. 
The  whole  apparatus  runs  on  broad  heavy  beams,  and  one  of  the 
motors  it  carries  drives  it  forward  in  the  direction  of  the  channel 
to  be  dredged  in  the  bog.  The  scattered  pcat-cnV-e  is  (first  by  hand 
and  then  by  an  electrically-driven  cutting  ma  thine),  cut  into  sods 
which  are  superficially  dried  and  collected  in  small  heaps.  When 
the  peat  is  dried  to  about  30  per  cent,  moisture  contient,  it  it 
colk-cted  in  trucks  and  hauled  by  a  small  petrol  loco,  to  neighbour- 
ing works,  where  it  is  stored  in  bunkers,  or  immediately  delivered 
to  the  stokers,  according  to  the  needs  of  the  cape. 

Another  method  of  peat  getting  is  practised  by  JHessrs.  Dolberg. 
Labourers  dig  the  peat  from  the  bog  and  throw  it  into  a  conveyor 
trough,  whence  an  elevator  carries  it  to  a  machine  in  which  two 
oppositely  rotating  worm  shafts  (driven  by  a  12J-H.P.  electric 
motor)  masticate  the  peat  and  deliver  it  through  a  mouth-piece, 
where  it  is  cut  into  sods.  The  latter  are  then  carried  on  timber 
frames  to  the  drying  fields.  Such  a  machine  will  deliver  up  to 
80,000  sods  in  10  hours. 

The  Wiesmoore  electricity  works  depends  entirely  on  the  combus- 
tion of  peat  for  steam-raising  purposes,  pnd.  incidentally,  is 
rendering  the  community  a  valuable  service  by  fultivating  the  bog 
land  from  which  it  collects  its  fuel.  Main  caiinls  are  cut,  into 
which  the  bog  water  drains,  and  a  system  of  tributary  ditcnes  and 
furrows  is  laid  out.  the  drained  areas  being  then  sown  with  grass 
seed.  The  grass  binds  the  soil  together,  and  the  smaller  drainage 
furrows  can  soon  be  replaced  by  drainage  pipes,  which  are  then 
covered  up.  The  reclaimed  land  is  next  ploughed  electrically — a 
BO-H.P  motor,  driving  ploughing  tackle,  being  supplied  throngh 
high-pressure  lines  and  a  60-k.v.a.  transformer.  After  ploughing, 
the  land  is  harrowed,  rolled,  manured  and  sown,  electrical  energy 
being  used  for  power  purposes  throughout. 

About  12i  acres  can  be  ploughed,  25  acres  harrowed  and  37 
acres  rnlled  per  diem.  The  cost  of  reclamation  and  cultivation 
averages  £1?  per  acre.  Ah  far  as  possible,  the  reclaimed  land 
will  be  leased  in  holdings  of  from  15  to  25  acres  each,  and  the 
incoming  |K)pulation  will  be  collected  in  villages,  which  will  then 
•'(•rin  an  ndmiralile  load  for  the  electricity  station.  It  is  vx\<Wi\ji*\ 
to  realise  f<'25  per  cont.  profit  from,  thia  overland  sghomo.— .^LTiZ 
mA  •R.v.'U.    - ..-     '    '.■■"'     ".-■.":,.      "i'.t'       ,7."..'"..3t 


Vol.72.    No.  l,84n,  March  21.  1913.]        THE    ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


477 


Lanip-makinst  on  llie  Cinemafoicrapli.— On  Monday 

afternoon  at  the  Mtii<lio  of  Mcs«rH.  Piith(''  KrereH,  lAd.,  in  Wardour 
Street,  W..  at  thn  invitation  of  MpHHrH.  Hiomens  Hron.  Dynamo 
Workw,  Ltd.,  DalHton,  we  had  the  plennnro  of  attcndinir  a  private 
exhibition  of  a  film  phowin(r  tho  processea  of  manufacture  of 
"  Wotan  "  and  tantalum  drawn-wire  lampn. 

Wo  were  privileKcd  to  make  a  tour  throuph  the  'different 
dppnrtments  of  tho  lamp  works  at  Dalston  without  tho  uoual  din- 
comforts  attending  worka'  visitc  The  various  operations  (hand 
and  machinp)  connected  with  the  preparation  of  tho  filamentc. 
bulbp,  and  the  fittini?  toirether  of  the  oomploto  lamps,  also  their 
subsequent  testinir,  packinf^  in  cartons  and  dispatch,  were  shown 
with  preat  effect.  The  stronprth  of  filament  was  demonstrated  in 
several  ways,  including  the  suspension  of  weijfhts  therefrom,  and 
the  handlintr  of  cases  packed  for  carrier,  while  from  the  illumina- 
tion point  of  view  a  domestic  scene  illustrates  the  effects  of  such 
brilliant  liphtin^,'  upon  an  average  household. 

Hfavj'-Seivice  l.arapholders  and  Adapters. — Refer- 
ring to  tbe  recent  correspondence  on  this  subject  in  cur  pages,  Mr. 
L.  Hamilton  writes  that  he  has  just  seen  a  new  type  of  lamp- 
holder,  which  has  been  produced  as  a  result  of  these  letters. 
He  says  : — "As  the  invention  is,  I  understand,  now  protected, 
I  may  say  it  is  really  on  ordinary  type  of  bayonet  holder, 
bnt  instead  of  the  plungers  being  actuated  by  springs  they  are 
made  solid  with  the  terminals.  The  socket,  which  is  screwed 
as  usual  on  the  outside,  has  straight  slots  instead  of  the 
biyonet  typo  of  slot,  and  the  tops  of  the  solid  plungers  are 
bushed  with  small  balls  of  fine  copper  wire  to  form  cushions, 
BO  as  to  make  good  electrical  contact  with  the  btandard 
type  of  lamp-cap  terminals.  On  the  outside  of  the  screwed 
socket  there  is  a  screw  cap  which  consists  of  a  screwed  ring,  very 
like,  the  ordinary  shade-carrier  ring,  and  it  has  a  plain  tubular 
eatfosion  with  an  inwardly  projecting  flange  at  the  end  with- 
out slots,  for  gripping  the  pins  of  the  lamp  cap.  In  placing  the 
lamp  in  position,  the  flange  of  the  screw  cap  is  first  passed  over 
the  side  pins  in  the  lamp  cap,  the  lamp  is  then  placed  in  the  socket, 
the  side  pins  being  in  the  slots  in  the  socket,  and  the  screw  cap 
screwed  home,  when  the  lamp  terminals  are  pressed  hard  on  to  the 
cushions  on  the  solid  plunger  tops." 

Picture  Palace  Lij2:btins:. — The  Angel  Picture  Palace 

at  Islington,  which,  we  understand,  is  the  largest  and  latest  in 
London,  i.s  fitted  throughout  with  Pope's  '  Elasta "  wire  lamps, 
ranging  from  .5  to  600  C.P. 

Institution    and    Lecture    \otes. — Institution    of 

Electrical  Engineers. — At  the  meeting  on  Thursday  last,  the 
president  announced  that  in  future,  in  order  to  make  the  pro- 
ceedings more  quickly  available,  especially  to  the  provincial 
members,  the  Journal  would  be  issued  at  fortnightly  intervals 
(during  the  session  only),  in  quarto  size,  without  advertisements. 

(Birmingham  Section).-— The  sixth  annual  dinner  was  held  on 
Friday  evening  last  at  the  Grand  Hotel.  Birmingham,  Mr.  A.  M. 
Taylor,  chairman  of  the  Section,  presiding. 

The  toast  of  the  King  having  been  duly  honoured,  the  chairman 
proposed  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,  pointing  out  that 
it  had  passed  its  iOth  year,  although  he  hoped  it  had  not  passed 
the  prime  of  its  life.  It  was  thoroughly  representative  of  the 
industry  and  very  much  alive.  An  active  Council  and  President 
had  combined  to  further  its  objects,  and  he  took  the  opportunity  of 
congratulating  the  President  on  having  been  nominated  for  a  second 
year  of  office,  which  he  was  sure  would  be  a  successful  one. 

The  President,  in  replyifi?,  referred  to  the  steady  growth  of 
membership  of  the  Institution,  mentioning  that  the  raising  of 
the  subscription  had  had  the  curious  effect  of  increasing  the  number 
of  applications  for  admission,  aS'  it  had  done  once  before,  w.hen 
there  was  no  question  of  an  examination  in  the  future.  He  reassured 
those  present  as  to  the  character  of  the  proposed  examinations, 
which  would  not  be  academic,  but  suited  to  practical  requirements. 
The  Institution  had  decided,  probably  at  the  end  of  the  year,  to 
issue  the  journal  fortnightly,  and  he  hoped  in  this  way  they  would 
keep  more  closely  in  touch  with  members  scattered  over  the  country. 

To  Major  W.  A.  J.  OMeara  fell  the  toast  of  "  The  Birmingham 
Local  Section."  He  mentioned  that  a  visit  to  Birmingham  had 
been  considered  an  essential  part  of  his  education  as  a  Royal 
Engineer,  and  referred  to  various  incidents  in  his  active  service  on 
the  Indian  frontier,  which  showed  the  extent  of  Birmins-ham's 
trade  connections,  even  in  little  known  countries.  The  I.E  E  had 
followed  the  nation  in  the  matter  of  colonising,  and  he  thought 
there  was  something  of  military  organisation  in  its  arrangements. 
Mr.  C.  E.  C.  Shawfield  briefly  responded. 

Prof.  GisbertKapp  proposed  "Our  Guests."  He  was  very  glad 
that  Dr.  Ferranti,  who  was  one  of  themselves,  was  also  a  guest. 
Electricity  was  the  handmaiden  of  every  other  industry,  and  it, was 
well  for  them  to  wel9ome  mechanical  engineers,  municipal  repre- 
sentatives and.  others  at  their  gatherings  ;  he  wished  it  were 
possible  to  offer  the  guests  an  electrical  feast  with  speeches 
of  telegraphic  brevity.  Dr.  S.  Z.  de  Ferranti  said  he  was 
replying  to  the  toast  partly  as  a  visitor,  but  more  "  because 
he  always  did  it."  As  regarded  their  Local  Section,  he  was 
reminded  that  Wolverhampton  had  had  a  good  deal  to  do  with 
his  early  career.  In  those  days  each  arc  lamp  had  its  own 
dynamo,  but  a  very  big  machine  would. run  six  arc  lamps.  He 
recalled  having  been  sent  out  to  light  an  exhibition  at  Wolver- 
hampton in  1880,  where  a  portable  engine  plant  supplied  four  arC 
lamps  and  40  incandcscents.  and  where  during  the  first  week  there 
was  not  a  single  evening  without  some  kind  of  shut-down. 
He,  agreed  that  electricitty  .was,  -  entering  gito  pye^y  other 
inBuBtryy   "  and      thotiglit     'hat      if       the      price  ^^pt^.'jj^rgf^ 


could  only  t>c  rodncml  below  k  certain  oritfckl  tgurn 
it  was  difllcult  to  und(;rstand  how  the  varloiiH  imluntrieft  conld  avoUt 
tho  u«o  of  eloctricity  It  woulil  be  grcotly  t-i  thoir  oflvantagv  in 
tho  future  to  turn  all  thoir  (*al  into  electricity. 

After  tho  toasts  a  hhort,  t»ut  int«-rniiting,  entertainment  wa«  pro- 
vided, in  which  tho  flforts  of  Mr.  .J.  Woodward  at  th<;  piano,  the 
recitations  of  Mr.  W.  E.  Warrilow,  and  tho  conjuring  of  Mr.  E. 
Hermann  were  greatly  appreciated.  Music  won  proviied  durinir 
the  evening  by  the  O.E.C  orchestral  band,  and  the  proceeding* 
concluded  with  a  vote  of  thankR  to  the  Chairman,  proponed  by  Mr. 
Maurice  Solomon. 

Institction  or  Mkchaxical  Enoi.nbhiis.  —  The  rolen  for 
graduateship  and  asnociate  membership  (xaminationn  have  now  been 
issued.  The  first  examinations  will  be  held  in  October  next,  and 
afterwards  twice  annually.  Intending  candidates  can  obtain  port!- 
culara  from  the  Secretary,  Storey's  Gate,  S.W. 

In.stitutk  of  Mauink  EiNfJi-VKKiiH.— The  annual  meeting  of  the 
Institute  was  held  on  March  7th.  A  net  increase  in  the  member- 
ship of  C6  was  recorded,  bringing  the  total  number  on  the  roll  up 
to  l,;!jO.  It  was  stated  that  the  negotiations  for  the  aciuisition  of- 
a  site  on  Tower  Hill  were  now  complete<).  the  total  amount  sub-, 
fcribed  to  the  special  fund  being  £<i,OI.")  ;  £l'.'r  wo.')  abided  to  the 
revenue  account  during  the  year.  Mr.  Thomas  L.  Devitt  wa« 
unanimously  elected  president  for  session  l'JIH-1 1,  Mr.  .las.  Adamsoiv 
hon.  secretary,  and  Air.  Alex.  H.  Mather  hon.  treasurer. 

Illuminating  Engineering  SociETY.--OnTueBdaT.  April  l.:)th^ 
a  paper  on  'Standard  Clauses  for  a  Specification  of  Street  Lighting" 
will  he  presented  by  Mr.  A.  P.  Trotter  at  a  joint  meeting  of  the 
Illuminating  Engineering  Society,  the  Institutions  of  Gas  and 
Electrical  Engineers  and  the  Institution  of  County  and  Municipal 
Engineers.  Advance  proofs  will  shortly  be  available,  and  can  bo 
obtained  by  those  wishing  to  join  in  the  discussion  on  application 
to  the  hon.  secretary  of  the  Illuminating  Engineering  ."--ociety  Olr. 
L.  Gaster,  32,  Victoria  Street,  London,  S.W.). 

.ippointments  Vacant. — City  electrical  engineer,  for 
the  Carlisle  Corporation  (£.oOO);  electrical  mechanician  for  the 
Postal  and  Telegraph  Department  of  the  East  Africa  Protectorate 
(£200).     See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

Inquiry. — A.  correspondent  wants  condensers  for  voltages 
from  100  to  2,200,  to  improve  the  power  factor  on  a  60-cycle  single- 
phase  system. 

Proposeii  Strike  at  Aberdeen. — The  local  branch  of 

the  Electricians'  Union  has  petitioned  its  National  Executive  for 
permifsion  to  strike  if  its  demand  for  ah  increase  of  a  Id.  per 
hour  is  not  conceded. 

Lcffal. —  In    the   City  of   London    Court,    on   Monday, 

before  .Judge  Lumley  Smith,  K.C.,  and  a  jury,  Messrs.  Watson, 
Marsh  &  Co.,  electrical  engineers,  347,  High  Road,  Brondes- 
bury,  claimed  £60  3s.  Sd.  against  Messrs.  Claytons,  tailors 
and  clothierp.  33,  Fenchurch  Street.  Tooting,  and  elsewhere,  for 
supplying  four  Sunshine  arc  lamps  with  outside  cases  stored  and. 
highly  enamelled  in  green  shade  and  with  special  protective 
varnish.  Defendants  paid  £46  17s.  into  Court,  with  a  denial  of 
liability,  and  said  that  in  any  event  that  was  enough  to  satisfy  the 
claim.  Mr.  Brandon  appeared  for  the  plaintiffs  and -Mr.  .Samuel 
for  the  defendants.  Plaintiffs'  case  was  that  defendants 
wanted  blaze  lamps  exactly  the  same  as  those  outside 
the  premises  of  Messrs.  Lockwood  &  Bradley,  Oxford. 
Street.  They  quoted  £65  for  these,  and  defendants  said  that 
it  was  too  much.  Some  alterations  were  made  to  reduce  the 
price,  and  defendants  had  to  wait  three  months  for  the  lamps,  as 
they  came  from  "  the  only  place  where  things  come  from 
nowadays— Germany."  Defendants  had  asked  them  to  quote  for 
£100  more  work,  but  that  had  been  declined  in  the  circumstances. 
Defendants'  case  was  that  the  plaintiffs  had  neiver  completed  their 
work,  and  therefore  were  not  entitled  to  more  than  the  amount 
paid  into  Court.  The  bands  of  copper  were  not  of  the  quality 
stipulated  for.  The  jury  stopped  the  case,  and  found  for  the 
plaintiffs  for  the  full  amount  claimed. 

Industrial  Projects  in  Russia. — The  industrial  journal 

Xorderi  states  that  a  Belgian  company  has  recently  obtained  about 
20  concessions  for  electric  tramways  and  lighting  in  various  places 
in  Siberia  and  Central  Asia,  while  another  group  of  Belgian 
financiers  is  contemplating  the  erection  of  large  factories  for  the 
manufacture  of  woodwork  at  Novoborissow,  the  necessary  sites 
having  already  been  acquired.  An  English  company  which  has 
obtained  a  concession  for  the  harnessing  of  a  large  waterfall  and 
the  building  of  an  electrical  power  station  at  the  river  of  Terek  in 
Caucasia,  is  said  to  intend  to  utilise  the  electrical  energy  derived 
from  same  for  the  purpose  of  connecting  the  towns  of  Vladikavkas, 
Natehik  and  Kislovoysk  by  means  of  electrical  tramways.  Th« 
Imperial  Railway  Committee  are  now  examining  a  project  laid 
before  them,  in  which  it  is  proposed  to  supply  the  provinoe  oS 
Ferghana,  the  leading  cotton-producing  district  in  Central  Ajsith 
with  a  complete  system  of  railways.  The  total  cskpital  expenditnrei 
of  this  project  is  estimated  at  £1,283,333.  The  Rnssian  State 
Bank  has  d'cided  to  distribute  71  new  corn  elevators  in  various 
places,  which  will  be  erected  and  installed  in  good  time  to  deal  with 
the  crop  in  li'ltl.  The  elevators  are  to  bo  capable  of  denliH^' with 
772,800  tons  of  corn.  It  is  proposed  in  connection  with  this  pro-' 
jeet.  tip. organise- a  special  department  of  (levator?,  to  whiob  will 
be  attached  a  technical  staff.  .■..,:■  .~  : l  ,  ..^    l- 


478 


THE   ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.      CVoi.  t».  vo.  \M9,  hawu  ?i,  xm. 


Innaal     Socials,    &.c. — The     Devonport     Dockyard 

Electrioal  Apprenticee'  and  Ez-Apprcnticee'  Asgooiation  held 
their  annual  social  and  dance  at  the  "Criterion"  Restaurant. 
Keybam,  on  Satardny,  March  Ist.  The  evening:  was  spent  in  a  very 
pleasant  manner,  bcginnicfr  with  games  interspersed  with  singing 
and  maeic,  and  after  refrechments,  dancing  was  indulged  in  f r(  in 
ii.30  till  midnight.  Most  of  the  ofBcers  of  the  department  were 
present,  and  credit  is  due  to  the  secretary  and  committee  for  carry- 
ing out  the  arrangements. 

Association   of    Electrical   Station    Enttineers. — A 

meeting  was  held  last  week  at  the  Y.M.C.A,  Bothwtll  Street, 
Glasgow,  the  object  being  the  formation  of  a  branch  of  the  above 
Association  for  Glapgow  and  the  West  of  Scotland.  There  was 
a  representative  attendance,  and  a  resolution  was  unanimously 
passed  that  a  branch  be  formed.  Mr.  A.  W.  Laraont  wasappSintcd 
hon.  Fccretary,  aiid  after  seme  ditcustior  it  was  decided  not  to 
appoint  a  permanent  committee  until  the  next  meeting,  but  until 
that  meeting  a  provisional  committee  will  look  after  the  interests  of 
the  Association.  The  next  meitiiip  was  arranged  for  April  2td, 
same  place  as  above  at  7.45  p.m. 

The  Marconi   Libel  Litifjation.— Before   Mr.   Justice 

Darling,  in  the  King's  Bench  Divificn  on  Motday  afteinorr.  Sir 
Edward  Carfor.  K.C.,  applied  that  the  libel  actions  by  Sir  Herbert 
Samuel  and  Sir  Rufus  Isaacs  against  /.<•  Matin  might  bo  in  the  list 
for  hearing  on  Wednesday.  The  paper,  be  said,  had  already  pub- 
lished an  apology,  so  that  the  defendants  did  not  inte:  d  to  L■onte^t 
the  case,  but,  having  regard  to  plaintiffs'  public  capacity,  it  would  be 
necessary  to  put  both  Sir  Rufus  Isaacs  and  Sir  Herbert  Pamuel  in 
the  witness  box. 

His  Lordship  directed  that  the  action  should  be  in  the  list  next 
Wednesday. 

Electric  Car  Construction  in  Great  Biifain. — It  is 

reported  that  the  Arrol-Johnston  Car  Co.,  Ltd..  of  Paisley,  makers 
of  the  Arrol-Johnston  petrol  cars,  have  secured  the  sole  concefsion 
for  this  country  from  Mr.  F.  .1.  Monnot.  of  -11,  Great  Portland  Street. 
London,  W..  for  the  construction  of  electric  pleasure  cars,  fitted  with 
the  Edison  battery.  The  new  vehicles  are  expected  to  make  their 
appearance  early  in  the  1914  tieason. 


ELECTRICAL  PEVELOPMENT  IN  PERU. 


In  considering  the  posibilities  of  expansion  of  trade  abroad,  one  is 
always  apt  to  confine  attention  to  countries  which,  becaurc  of  the 
development  obvious  in  them,  are  "in  the  public  eye,"  and  to  forget 
that  in  the  lets  advanced  countries  the  greater  opportunities  often 
fxist.  Only  the  favoured  few  realise  the  advantages  of  opening 
up  relations  with  these  countries,  and  although  they  probably  risk 
much,  they  undoubtedly  gain  a  very  preat  d<al  in  the  long  run. 
The  countries  which  are  just  beginning  tc  open  out  are  eminently 
suitable  for  trade,  particularly  in  engineering  and  electrical  lines  ; 
they  have  little  to  pull  down  before  Ihty  build  up,  they  are  not 
hampered  with  woik  carried  out  on  obsolete  lines,  consecjuently 
they  are  eacily  able  to  adopt  the  newest  and  most  up-to-date  prin- 
ciples. In  South  America.  Argentine  and  Brazil,  for  instance,  ioini 
the  centre  of  our  operations,  whereas,  in  the  tmallcr  countrie.M 
such  as  Peru,  Bolivia.  Columbia,  iVc,  where  the  same  natural  ad- 
vantages obtain,  and  where  competition  is  not  nearly  so  keen,  we 
attempt  but  little. 

That  the  natural  advantages  of  Peru,  from  an  electrical  point  of 
view,  are  realised,  and  developments  already  being  effected,  isshown 
in  a  report  from  Pern  recently  made  to  the  American  Government. 
This  report  points  out  that  about  :.'i;  rivers  of  more  or  leRs  import- 
ance flow  into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  descending  from  the  Andes  at  an 
average  altitude  of  ].".,000  ft.,  and  rarely  exceeding  100  miles  in 
length.  These  rivers  are  more  or  less  torrential,  and  can.  therefore, 
furnish  abundant  power,  both  in  the  coast  region  and  at  their 
gonrces  in  the  heart  of  the  mountain  ranges.  Many  cities  of  Peru 
obtain  their  power  for  lighting  purposes,  iVc,  from  hydro- 
electric plants,  the  largest  being  those  near  Chosica  and  Lima 
on  the  River  Rimac,  furnishing  Lima,  Callao  and  their  suburbs 
with  about  70,000  H.P..  and  that  of  Charcani,  near  Arequipa, 
furnishing  1,000  H. P.  Water-power  plants  are  also  plentiful  in  all 
the  mining  districts,  with  capacities  varying  from  a  few  horse-power 
to  1,000  HP.  Some  of  these  transmit  energy  to  jwints  up  to 
12  miles  distant.  There  is  thus  plenty  of  opportunity  for  the  mines 
to  adopt  electricity  for  power  purposes,  and  there  should  be  a  large 
field  for  expansion  of  trade  on  these  lines.  As  a  rule  there  is  more 
fall  than  volume  of  water,  and  Pelton  wheels  are  used.  The  rivers 
flowing  into  Lake  Titicaca  are  confined  in  the  high  plateau  between 
the  two  branches  of  the  Cordillera.  They  are  torrential  only  near 
their  sources,  becoming  slow-flowing  streams  on  the  more  level 
plateau,  but  with  a  large  volume  of  water.  On  the  Atlantic  water- 
ubed  where  the  immense  baein  of  the  Amazon  is  formed  by  num- 
berless rivers,  the  amount  of  available  water-power  is  so  vast  as  to 
be  inconceivable.  These  prec'pitous  rivers  fall  from  3.000  to 
15,000  ft.  in  from  30  to  .5('  miles.  Concessions  of  water  for  gene- 
rating power  as  well  as  for  other  purposes  are  mainly  governed  by 
the  Mining  Code,  each  application  being  considered  on  its  merits  by 
ft  delegation  appointed  for  the  piupose.  There  is  no  tax  whatever 
oti  tliJB  Isind  of  oopcesraion.  '■'",■ 


As  regards  eleotrio  railways  and  tramways,  the  most  imuortact 
tramway  system  in  Peru  is  the  Associated  Railway,  Lignt  and 
Power  Co.,  of  Lima,  commonly  called  the  Electric  Trust  (Empresas 
Electricae  Asociadas),  which  has  the  monopoly  of  the  three  indui- 
tries  for  Lima,  Callao  and  their  suburban  towns.  Its  water-power 
stations  are  located  near  Chosica  and  at  Santa  Rosa,  on  the  l?imac 
River,  with  auxiliary  steam  plants  for  cases  of  emergency.  The 
dividend  of  this  company  was  raised  to  1}  per  cent,  for  1910,  as 
against  nothing  for  1909,  and  one-half  of  1  per  cent,  for  1908. 
This  increased  prosperity  was  chit  Hy  brought  about  by  the  purchase 
in  1909  of  the  old  National  L'ne  to  Cborillot',  and  the  suppresi-ion 
of  its  disastrous  competiticii.  The  use  of  Ihe  iC.'!0,0('0  received 
from  the  sale  of  the  Encatnacion  station  property  in  Lima  for  the 
redfmption  of  outstanding  dibtntures  brought  about  an  annual 
saving  in  interrst  of  iEI,.^00.  The  Electric  Tiust  has  a  paid-up 
capital  of  f  I,."i00,0<i0,and  its  profits  for  1911  amounted  to  £: 00,000, 
as  against  Al^iO.OOO  in  1910.  On  June  2lKt,  1911,  was  completed 
the  organisation  of  the  Socitdad  Elfctrica  dil  Cuzco.  Llda.  (.Elcctiic 
Co.  of  Cuzoo,  Ltd.).  The  beard  of  directors  was  elected  from  repre- 
sentative Arequipa  business  men,  and  the  company  was  formed  to 
supply  electric  light  and  power  to  the  City  of  Cuzco,  the  ancient 
Inca  capital  and  prefent  teiminns  cf  the  main  division  of  the 
Southern  Railway,  (n  the  route  t  f  the  propoFfd  Pan-American  lino. 
The  plan  \h  to  take  water  fri  in  Lake  Chincheros  by  canal,  or  njore 
likely,  to  go  east  of  Cu/co  and  u.se  the  waters  of  the  Vilcanota 
River.  Plans  for  the  installation  of  dcclric  I  ght  and  power  in 
Cuzco  are  said  to  have  been  approved  by  the  Prttideiit. 

By  a  Federal  decree  of  August  11th,  191 1.  a  priva'e  joint-sttck 
C(  mpany,  the  Compania  de  Tranvia  Electrica  de  Ar(i|uipa,  was 
rr cognised  as  the  concessionaire  for  the  ccnstiuction  and  operation 
of  the  electric  street  railway  sytte ni  of  Arequi{>a,  by  virtue  of  the 
asBJgEmcnt  to  it  by  the  Credito  L'rbsno  de  Arequipa.  then  in 
liquidation,  of  Ihe  contract  of  May  13lb,  1910,  entered  into  forthe 
purpose  indicated.  According  to  a  local  publicatidn,  the  actual  c^i- 
strnction  wok  and  laying  of  the  rails  on  the  Arequipa  tramway 
lines  was  to  begin  in  Fibiuary,  1912,  b'7  miles  of  single  track 
being  comprised  in  the  original  installation.  Sixty-pound  T  rails 
were  to  be  u.»(d,  with  steel  poles  and  biarkcts  fr  r  the  o^^^he^d 
construction.  Power  was  to  be  taken  from  the  Are(|uipa  KUctrii- 
Co.,  whose  power  station  was  then  being  enlarged  to  provide  the 
extra  capacity,  the  current  being  transmitted  from  Charcani. 

The  Compania  de  Tranvia  Electrica  de  Arequipa  was  incorijoratcd 
under  the  laws  e^f  Peru  with  a  capital  of  JiHO.tOO  in  fullypaid 
shares,  absorbing  the  urban  railway  sjstem  which  operated  the 
horse  tramways  since  li>90.  A  bond  issue  ci  i' 7.")  000  was  .•■aid  tn 
have  been  taken  up  by  a  syndicate  of  bankers  which  inclodrd  the 
Bank  of  Peru  and  London,  the  Italian  Bank,  and  W.  Ti.  Grace  A:  Co. 

IncreaFC  of  business  led  the  Arequ)j)a  Electric  (  o.  to  erexit  an 
additio»al  power  plant  at  Charcani  to  include  two  new  hydro- 
electric units  of  330  km'  each,  the  ccnstrictien  being  well 
advanced  both  on  the  new  canal  and  the  building.  The  machinery 
will  be  installed  by  the  erd  of  this  year.  A  new  transmission  line 
is  being  erected  between  Charcani  and  Arequipa,  doubling  the 
present  capacity  and  asturirg  the  continuance  of  service  in  tase  of 
breaks. 

The  grofs  income  of  the  compary  fir  1911  was  £16.000,  and  the 
net  income  £11,000.  A  dividend  of  10  per  cent,  was  paid  on  a 
capital  of  £60,0CO.  The  capital  has  since  been  increa:ed  to 
£75,000.  I'avourable  credit  arrsngtments  were  made  with  the 
Banco  Alemari  Transatlantico,  and  the  income  is  expected  to  be 
materially  increafed  through  the  contumption  of  power  by  the 
new  Arequipa  Electric  Trsmways  Co.  ijientioncd  above,  for  which 
purpose  the  additional  plant  was  necessary. 

There  has  also  been  considerable  expansion  in  the  adoption  of 
wireless  telegraphy.  In  March,  1912,  the  wireless  telegraph  offices 
of  Callao  and  Lima,  under  the  direction  of  the  Department  of 
Posts  and  Telegraphs,  were  thrown  open  for  public  use  for  com- 
munication to  and  from  vessels  at  the  following  rates  :  Telegrams, 
in  Spanish,  in  either  direction  between  the  stations  in  Lima  and 
Callao  and  steamers,  up  to  10  words.  2,".  cents,  each  additional  word, 
2j  cents  ;  telegrams  in  other  languages  or  in  code,  double  rates. 
Double  rates  are  also  charged  between  other  Government  telegraph 
offices  and  steamers  in  either  direction,  or  over  the  wireless  line 
to  or  from  the  eastern  part  of  the  country,  adding  the  rate  of 
that  line  to  the  Lima  or  Callao  rate.  These  rates  are  in  addition 
to  the  charges  of  the  companies  supplying  the  services  abo'ard 
steamers,  which  are  collected  in  advance  with  the  rate  for  the 
Government  service. 

The  direct  wirelefs  service  now  in  operation  between  Iquitos  and 
Lima  is  under  the  direction  of  the  Department  of  Public  Works  and 
Development. 

In  the  summer  of  1912,  the  Government  ordered  four  new  wire- 
less stations,  to  give  communication  between  the  Southern  Railway's 
station  of  Tirapata  and  ports  intheMadrede  I )ioB  region.  It  is 
also  proposed  to  place  several  stations  along  the  coast  and  at  points 
in  the  interior  difficult  of  access  by  wire  lines.  Since  the  beginning 
of  this  year,  wireless  equipment  has  been  installed  on  the  naval 
transport  Clialncn  and  on  the  Lhtiaii  and  other  steamers  in  the 
Chilean  trade.  At  the  General  Post  Office  and  Telegraph  Ofl5ce  in 
Lima,  there  has  been  installed  a  radio-telegraphic  station,  the 
apparatus  for  which  was  all  made  in  a  small  workshop  Ijelonging 
to  that  branch.  It  has  a  radius  of  300  miles,  which  will  be 
increased  to500  miles. 

According  to  official  information,  there  were  in  active  operation  in 
Peru  in  1912  the  following  radio-telegraphic  stations  : — At  Lima  a 
10-KW.  Telefunken  system  and  a  2-KW.  Peruvian  system  ;  at  Iquitos, 
a  10-KW.  Telefunken  system  ;  at  Callao,  a  2-KW.  Peruvian  system  ; 
and  at  Puerto,  Bermudez.  Masisea.  Orellana,  and  B'^'jeno  2-K'w. 
Telefunlfen  SyWwme. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,Hi:(,  maitm  21,  i<»i;t.]       THE    ELRCTRlCAli    REVIEW. 


479 


MESSRS.     PARMITER.      HOPE     &    SUGDEN  S 
WORKS,    MANCHESTER. 

,\n(ir'i'  ti!ii  yeiirrt  uf^o  Mchhi'h.  I'iiriniLcr,  Hope  \  .Siii;(l<ii 
moved  into  u  siimll  buildiii;^  in  I'llleHiiiere  SLrccL,  almoHL 
opposite  their  preHciit  works. 

In  tlie  iiiterviil  tiie  {growth  of  tlio  firm's  switcili  iuid  fiis(! 
business  ncecssitated  a  n'nioval  into  larger  pniiniscs,  wliidi, 
it  is  satisl'actory  to  iviiovv,  arc;  still  beitif^  extended,  and  con- 
stitute the  liulmo  Mlcetrical  Works,  as  we  know  them  to- 
day, a  buildin<,'  witli  100  yards  of  frontaj^'e  and  several  lloors 
in  height. 

The  works  are  laid  out  for  the  production  of  standard 
lines  of  iroiK^iad  switchgcar  and  distribution  fuseboards  foi' 
power  and  lighting,  and  tlie  mention  of  the  Ho])e"  honey- 
comb" fuse  and  "bi-metal"  fuse  wire  will  be  suflicient  to  remind 
our  readers  of  the  firm's  activities  particularly  in  fuse-gear. 
The  business  has,  in  fact,  been  built  up  on  specialisation  and 
standardisation,  in  conjunction  with  originality  in  design, 
and  some  idea  of  its  scope  can  be  gatliered  from  the  output 
of  about  1,000  switches  and  fuses  per  week,  a  large  percent- 
age of  which  goes  abroad,  chiefly  to  Australia  and  South 
Africa. 

The  works  comprise,  on  the  lower  floor,  an  erecting  shop 
for  power  distribution  boards,  with  examining,  painting  and 
packing  departments,  and  general  stores  for  parts  and 
fittings  adjoining.  The  stores  receive  their  complement  of 
machined  parts  for  stock  from  the  general  machine  shop  on 
the  next  floor — this  section  of  the  works  being  fully  equipped 


with    ncccHHary    LooIh    lor    dealing    with    the  cImh  of    work 
undertaken  l»y  the  firm. 

A    further    ll(K>r    liouses   another   H<;ction   of   tlie    work« 
devoU;d  almost  exchiHivftiy  to  H::iall  Hwit<;li  work  of  a  cheafxir 


The  Erkctinc!  Shop  for  Dlstribotios  Boards,  i:c. 


The  Hulme  Electrical  Works  of  Messrs.  Parmiteb. 
Hope  &  Suiiden. 


type — one  outstanding  feature  of  this 
department  is  the  enormous  output  of 
the  familiar  small  K  type  switches, 
a  pattern  of  switch  which,  we  under- 
stand, was  originally  designed  by  the 
firm,  and  has  undoubtedly  become  very 
popular. 

Another  department  is  devoted  to 
small  fuse  fitting,  and  here  also  the 
firm's  well-known  bi-metal  fuse  wire — 
an  alloy  fuse  wire  with  a  copper  core — is 
dealt  with. 

A  fully  equipped  test  room  is  pro- 
vided, and  extensive  general  and 
drawing-office  accommodation.  In  the 
course  of  our  visit  a  considerable  order 
for  three-phase  "  unit "  distribution 
boards  for  a  Yorkshire  mill  was  passing 
through  the  works.  The  Hope  unit 
system  consists  of  cast-iron  f use-bo.vjs  so 
constructed  that  either  end  can  be 
removed  and  additional  fuse-boxes  added, 
the  bus-bars  being  extended  to  suit. 
These  and  other  types  of  fuseboards 
are  built  up  of  standard  single  fuses  on 
black  china  bases,  each  one  fixed  to  the 
case  by  a  central  screw,  and  therefore 
easily  detachable  and  replaceable. 


Small  FrsE  Department. 


The  General  Office. 


480 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW, 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,843,  Mabch  21,  1913. 


This  construction  dispenses  with  the  usual  shite  base. 
The  firm,  of  coarse,  builds  motor-starting  panels  and  pillars 
of  the  water-tight  and  gas-tight  patterns,  particularly  for 
mining  work. 

In  the  smaller  type  of  fuseboard  for  lighting  work,  the 
new  "  Home  Office  "  pattern  of  fuse — in  which  tlie  usual 
method  of  construction  is  reversed,  the  live  parts  being 
fixed  at  the  back  of  the  china  bases  instead  of  in  front,  so 
that  the  fuses  make  contact  through  slots  in  the  china — is 
interesting. 

In  fuseboards  of  this  kind  the  bases  can  be  fixed  on 
hinged  battens,  thus  enabling  wiring  at  the  back  to  be  got 
at  easily  without  interfering  with  the  board.  We  understand 
that  several  thousand  fuseboards  with  "  Home  Office  "  fuses 
are  on  order  from  these  works  at  the  present  time. 

However,  the  speciality  of  the  firm  is  probably  the  "  honey- 
comb "  fuse,  which  is  constructed  in  stock  sizes  between  20 
and  050  amperes  capacity,  and  largely  employed  in  the 
various  fuseboards  built  in  the  works. 

Many  of  our  readers  are,  no  doubt,  familiar  with  its 
construction,  which  includes  a  peculiarly  wired  hollow 
cellular  china  body  enclosed  in  a  lined  fibre  carrier,  and  so 
arranged  that  when  the  fuse  blows,  the  volatilised  metal  is 
deflected  by  end  baffle  plates  into  the  interior  of  the  china 
body  and  there  condensed.     Another  feature  is  the  wiring  of 


treatment  in    the   endea\our   to   gain   relial)le   information 
as  to  their  probable  behaviour. 

Although     we     have     not     mentioned     specifically    the 
numerous  patterns  of  Ajax   ironclad  switches   and  switch 


TiiK  Gexekal  Machine  .Shoi". 


the  china  interior  by  means  of  small 
through  copper  strands — which  normally 
carry  the  bulk  of  the  current — in  con- 
junction with  a  central  fusible  tin  band 
coupled  by  copper  strands  to  the  ter- 
minals ;  a  double  path  is  thus  provided 
for  the  current  so  long  as  the  full 
normal  capacity  of  the  fuse  is  not 
exceeded.  Any  increase  of  current 
beyond  this  raises  the  temperature  of 
the  fuse  carrier  and  melts  out  the  tin 
band  ;  all  the  current  then  passes 
by  way  of  the  through  strands  which 
immediately  l>low. 

Although  such  a  fuse  lias  a  very 
heavy  overload  capacity  for  a  short 
period,  the  fusible  band  controls  the 
overload  definitely  and  it  is  possible  to 
supply  the  fuse  under  a  guarantee  as  to 
performance. 

^lany  tests  have  proved  that  this 
fuse  will  stand  the  heaviest  short-cir- 
cuit without  damage  to  the  terminals ; 
indeed,  the  firm  can  point  with  pride  to 
a  collection  of  undamaged  fuse  sections 
which  have   withstood  most  unmerciful 


The  Finished  Stores. 

fuses,  these  are  standard  lines  with 
the  firm  with  which  our  readers  are 
well  acijuainted. 

Standardisation  and  organisation  have 
enabled  the  firm  to  successfully  carry 
through  some  very  large  orders — ex- 
haustive stocks  of  regular  pattern  switches 
and  fuses  being  always  available  for 
despatch  the  same  day  as  ordered. 

In  conclusion,  we  are  indebted  to 
I\Ir.  Vernon  Hope  for  an  instructive 
visit  and  an  interesting,  if  uninten- 
tional, demonstration  of  the  success 
which  attends  originality  of  design  and 
specialisation. 


CRANE    PLANT    OF 
AN   ITALIAN    STEEL    WORKS. 


Bv  Dr.  ALFRED  GRA.DENWITZ. 


Kkce.nt  extensions  of  the  iron  and 
steel  works  of  Terni  (Rome)  entailed 
the  installation  of  a  number  of  cranes 


Machi.ne  and  Fittino  Shop  for  Small  Ironclad  Switchwork. 


Vol.  72.     No.  I, Hi:!,  MAU(!II  L'I,  I'JIIt.] 


ifR  ii:ii[«:cTmcAL  .iiKvih:w 


481 


<lcHt,iii('d  for  tlic  most  diverse;  piiriKiscs.  Allcr  :i  M-vy  lively 
coiiipeLiLioii,  in  wliich  Llie  roremosL  cniiie  hiiildersof  Ui(!  eliief 
indiistriid  countries  took  |)art,  the  Muscliinenfiilirik  Oerlikon, 
of  Oerlikon,  near  Zuridi,  was  (intrusted  witli  tlie  con- 
struction of  the  (;rane  plant.  As  this  is  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  installations  of  its  kind  in  existence,  a  short 
dcscri])tion  of  tlie  more  im[)ortant  cranes  will  he  of  interest. 

All  the  motors  used  in  connection  with  this  plant  are  fed 
from  the  three-phase  current  system  of  the  works,  at  12 
cycles,  ;ilo  volts,  and  are  desijijned  as  enclosed  slip-rinj^ 
motors,  only  the  servo-motors  for  operatinj;  the  brakes  being 
enclosed  motors  with  s(|uirrel-ca<^e  rotors. 

1.  TrtfrcZ/iii//  luniitilnj  ('rancaf  l:J()  +  ~-J  Tuns'  ('ajxaili/. 
— The  extensive  foundries  of  'I'erni,  where  the  heaviest 
castings  are  made,  necessitated  tiie  installation  of  a  travelling 
crane  of  120  tons  capacity,  which  was  tested  with  a  load  of 
1  TjO  tons  on  delivery. 

Fig.  2  .shows  the  crane  with  its  ladle  (vvhicii  with  its 
contents  is  120  tons  in  weiglit).  The  main  crab  is  designed 
to  lift  120  tons,  while  an  auxiliary  crab  with  two  motors 
serves  for  the  lifting  of  loads  up  to  2;')  tons  in  weight,  and  is 
mainly  used  for  tipping  the  ladle  suspended  from  the  main 
crab.  The  span  between  centres  of  crane  rails  is  lM'2r)  m., 
and  the  lift  of  main  hoist  about  12  m.  The  auxiliary  lioist 
has  a  lift  of  17  m. 

The  main  hoist  lifts   120   tons  at  a  speed  of  1  m.  per 


cliords  and  Hulwl-antial  rro-is  l.rii.  in^M.  \  j/uilcry  i-.  arranged 
al()ng  one  side,  and  tlirr  driver's  cage  is  at  one  end  of  ihe 
bridge.     The  girders  carry  two  rails  for  the  main   crab  and 


Fk;.  4.— AuxiLiAiiv  Tbollky  of  Foi  nduy  Ckank. 

two  for  the  auxiliary  crab,   and  two  balancers  fitted  into 
the  cross  girders  receive  the  axles  of  the  travelling  wheels. 

The  crane  travels  longitudinally  on  eiglit  cast-steel  wheels 
with  steel  axles,  four  of  which  are  fitted  with  toothed  rims 
for  the  drive.     The  longitudinal  shaft,  which  is  driven  in 


Fig.  1. — Reversing  Staetee  of 
120-roN  Ceane. 


Fig.  2. — FouNDEY  Crane  of  120  Tons'   -t-  25  Tons'  Capacity. 


minute,  and  GO  tons  at  2  m.  per  minute  ;  the  travelling 
speed  of  the  crane  at  full  load  is  20  m.  per  minute,  and 
of  the  main  trolley  12  m.  per  minute.     The  lifting  speed  of 


Fig.  3.— Trolley  of  120-ton  Gantry  Crane  (see  next  pajre) 


the  auxiliary  trolley  (fig.  4)  at  full  load  is  ;!  m.  per  minute, 
and  at  half  load  (!  m.  per  minute. 

The  crane  consists  of  two  stout  box  girders  with  parallel 


the  centre,  carries  two  steel  pinions,  and  is  supported  at  several 
places  by  bearings.  The  main  trolley  carries  two  motors  for 
lifting  and  traversing  respectively.  The  lifting  motor  is 
direct-coupled  by  means  of  clutches 
with  two  worm  gears  running  in  oil  in  a 
casing,  the  axial  thrust  being  taken  by 
ball  bearings.  Pinions  on  the  two  worm- 
wheel  shafts  engage  witii  the  toothed 
rims  of  four  cable  drums,  tSSO  mm.  in 
diameter.  The  traversing  motor  of  the 
trolley  similarly  communicates  through  a 
clutch  with  a  worm-gear  driving  the 
shafts  of  the  trolley  rollers.  The  eight 
rollers,  .300  mm.  in  diameter,  are  made 
of  cast-steel  and  run  on  steel  axles,  four 
of  them  being  fitted  with  toothed  rims 
for  the  drive.  Both  motors  can  also  be 
rotated  by  hand. 

For  holding  the  load  there  are  pro- 
vided two  toggle-joint  brakes  automatic- 
ally actuated  by  servo-motors,  and  there 
are   also   auxiliary  safety  brakes  acting 
directly  on  the  cable  drums.     This  ar- 
rangement comprises  four  friction  brakes 
for   the    four  drums,  each    provided  with  a  pinion  and  de- 
signed to  be  actuated  from   the   driver's  cage  in    case  of 
emergency,   by   a  pawl   and   ratchet  wheel.       All  toothed 


482 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.72.   no.  1,843,  march  21, 1913. 


wheels  have  been  milled  on  special  macliines.  An  especially 
flexible  high-grade  plough-steel  wire  was  used  for  the  load 
cable,  which  is  :^0  mm.  in  diameter  and  about  340  m.  in 
total  length.     This  carries  in  a  4   x  (J-fold  suspension  from 


Fig.  5. — Twin  Gantry  Crane  oi'  120  Tons'  Capacity. 

a  pulley  block  comprising  eight  pulleys,  a  substantial  iron 
beam  fitted  at  the  ends  with  two  jointed  hooks  for  receiving 
the  ladle,  and  in  the  middle  with  a  double  hook  resting  on 
ball-bearings  for  a  load  of  120  tons. 


with  a  speed  of  12  m.  per  minute,  at  1,200  k.I'.m.,  an  output 
of  IS  H.P. 

The  lifting  motor  of  the  auxiliary  hoist  is  designed  for  an 
output  of  2()  II. I',  (for  the  lifting  of  loads  of  25  or  12'5  tons 
at  a  speed  of  3  or  0  m.  respectively  per  minute)  as  a  two- 
speed  motor  with  the  same  numbers  of  poles  and  revs,  per 
min.  as  the  main  motor,  and  the  traversing  motor  has  an  out- 
put of  1  u.v.  for  a  load  of  25  tons  at  20  in.  per  minute. 

The  motor  ejecting  the  longitudinal  motion  of  the  crane 
is — like  all  the  rest — connected  through  a  semi-elastic 
clutch  with  a  worm  gear  transmitting  the  energy  to  the 
longitudinal  shaft,  and  is  fitted  with  a  mechanical  brake 
operated  by  a  pedal  from  the  driver's  cage.  Its  output 
in  transporting  the  crane  at  full  load  at  a  speed  of 
20  m.  per  minute  is  40  H.i'.  This  motor  can  also  be  driven 
by  a  hand  crank. 

All  the  motors  are  controlled  from  the  driver's  cage 
through  a  combined  starter,  comprising  an  electrically 
braked  reversing  starter  for  the  main  hoisting  motor,  a 
reversing  starter  with  starting  resistances  and  fuses  for  the 
motor  effecting  the  longitudinal  motion  of  the  crane,  and  a 
similar  one  for  the  traversing  motor.  The  auxiliary  trolley 
is  controlled  through  a  reversing  starter  with  starting 
resistance  and  fuses  for  the  hoisting  motor,  and  the  same  for 
the  traversing  motor  of  the  winch. 

2.  Gantry  Cranes  of  120  tons'  Cajiarity  irith  Turninii 
Gears,  for  the  Operation  of  an  Hydraulic  Press. — In 
manufacturing  heavy  armour  plates  and  guns  for  the  Navy 
and  for  other  purposes,  the  Terni  Iron  and  .Steel  Works 
frequently  use  huge  hydraulic  presses,  e.g.,  a  press  of  4,500 
tons'  pressure,  allowing  the  heaviest  castings  to  be  forged. 


Fiii.  6.— Trolley  or  75-Tox  Travellinc;  Crane. 

The  auxiliary  crab  travels  on  rails  arranged  inside  the 
box  girders,  and  carries  on  a  wrought-iron  frame,  two  motors 
for  traversing  and  for  the  lifting  of  loads  up  to  25  tons  re- 
spectively, which  can  also  be  operated  through  a  hand-crank, 
the  energy  being  likewise  transmitted 
to  two  worm  gears  connected  by 
clutches.  A  toggle-joint  brake  and  servo- 
motor are  provided  for  stopping  the 
load.  The  shaft  of  the  worm-wheel 
carries  two  pinions  engaging  with  the 
cast-steel  toothed  rims  of  the  two  cast- 
iron  cable  drums.  The  steel  cable  is 
14  mm.  in  diameter  and  210  m.  in 
length,  and  is  guided  Vjy  four  pulleys  ;  it 
carries  a  simple  wrought-iron  crane  hook 
on  ball-bearings. 

The  traversing  motion  of  the  aux- 
iliary trolley  on  four  rollers  is  effected 
from  the  motor  through  worm  gearing 
and  a  pair  of  bevel  wheels,  two  of  the 
rollers  being  fitted  with  toothed  rims 
for  the  drive. 

Both  trolleys  derive  their  current  from 
10  trolley  contacts  fixed  by  insulators  on 
brackets,  from   the  conductors  running  J'' 

alongside  of  the  crane  girder. 

The  lifting  motor  of  the  main  trolley,  which  is  designed 
for  lifting  loads  of  120  tons  at  a  speed  of  1  m.  and  CO  tons 
at  a  speed  of  2  m.,  is  wound  for  two  different  numbers  of 
poles,  viz.,  X,  poles  for  120  tons  and  4  poles  for  GO  tons,  its 
output  being  45  H.i'.     The  traversing  motor  has  at  full  load, 


Fig.  7.— Trolley  of  GO-Ton  Crane. 

The  pneumatic  hammer  formerly  used  for  the  same  purpose 
was  served  by  two  hand-operated  gantry  cranes  designed  as 
a  rotating  twin  gantry  crane  with  common  central  pillar, 
which,  on  account  of  its  wide  range  (aliout  22  m.),  allowed 


-Travelling  Cram;: of 


Tons"  Capacity. 


the  ingots  to  be  taken  from  the  furnace  directly  to  the  press 
without  unloading.  These  cranes  have  now  been  reinforced, 
raising  their  capacity  to  120  tons  and  converting  from  hand 
to  electrical  operation.  The  main  data  of  this  twin  crane 
(fig.    5)   are   as   follows  : — Normal    capacity    (useful    load) 


voj.  13.  Ko.  i,i«B,  mabos  21, 1918.]       THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


488 


120  tons  ;  ganges  of  trolleye,  l'G26  m.  and  1'996  m. ;  radiiiR 
of  crane  track,  21'f>  ra.  ;  lifting  speed  with  load  of  120  tons, 
8  m.  per  minute  ;  traversing  speed  of  trolley  with  120  tons, 
20  m.  pr  minute  ;  sjieed  of  rotation  of  p;uiitry  as  measured  on 
the  crane  track,  \'>  or  ;U)  m.  jwr  minute  (the  lower  speed 
l)ein<?  nsed  diirint^  pressin};)  ;  minimum  distance  between 
j>res8  !ind  uxi^iof  load  HUHpciision,  1, 100  mm. 

The  elei'tricnl  arran^emcntH  of  both  cninc's  an'  idt:nti(Ml. 
The  design  of  the  motors  nnd  gear  geiicnilly  corresponds 
with  that  of  the  foundry  crane.  Two  of  the  four  rollers  of 
the  trolley  have  toothed  rims  for  thr  drive,  and  a  Oall  chain, 
the  length  of  which  has  bi'cn  so  designed  that  the  turning 
gear  fuspcnded  by  it  may  touch  the  {ground  in  an  erect 
position,  8er\x'H  to  rarry  the  load  (fig.  .")).  This  has  been 
designed  as  a  2  x  1-fold  chain.  An  alarm  bell  is  sounded 
as  soon  as  the  terminal  positions  are  reached. 

The  main  current  supply  to  each  crane  is  in  the  pivot 
above  the  presses,  and  is  designed  with  slip-ring  contacts. 
Current  supply  to  the  trolleys  and  to  the  motor  of  the 
turning  gear  is  effected  by  means  of  l(i  insulated  roller 
contacts  fixed  to  a  bracket.  The  output  of  the  lifting 
motor  is  135  u.v.  at  1,220  ii.r.M.,  and  that  f>f  the  traversing 
motor  25  H.r.,  at  the  same  s})eed.  The  drive  for  the  rota- 
tion of  each  crane  comprises  a  two-speed  motor  of  05  h.J'.  at 
810  R.r.M.,  or  35  H.r.  at  110  im'.m.,  with  G  (ir  12  poles 
respectively. 

In  order  to  allow  lieavy  and  clumsy  castings  to  be  dealt 
with  as  easily  and  simply  as  possible,  turning  gears  suspended 
by  the  crane  chain  are  used  for  turning  the  ingots  round 
below  the  press.  Each  of  these  turning  gears  is  an  iron 
structure  2*3  m.  in  width,  with  lateral  sheet  metal  walls  and 
a  bracket  for  receiving  the  motor  and  drive.  It  is  suspended 
from  the  (tall  chain  by  means  of  a  beam  with  ball  bearing 
and  rollers,  and  is  free  to  rotate  round  its  vertical  axis.  Tlu' 
driving  motor  is  designed  to  yield  35  H.r.  during  1-5  hours' 
continuous  operation. 

The  piece  suspended  by  this  turning  gear  is  turned  round 
at  will  lielow  the  press,  in  accordance  with  the  requirements 
of  the  service.  The  motor  is  connected  with  a  worm 
gear  by  a  friction  clutch  ensuring  a  smooth  operation. 
The  turning  gear  is  controlled  from  the  driver's  cage  of 
the  gantry  crane,  its  speed  of  motion  being  regulated  in 
three  to  four  steps  by  inserting  resistances.  By  regulating 
thespeed  of  motor,  ingots  of  different  sizes  can  be  turned 
round  at  practically  the  same  peripheral  speed. 

The  service  of  the  turning  gear  requires  considerable 
skill  and  foresight  on  the  part  of  the  crane  driver,  who  with 
one  hand  controls  the  lifting  and  lowering,  and  with  the 
other  the  turning-gear  motor.  In  view  of  the  rapid  work- 
ing of  the  press,  a  continuous  regulation  of  the  crane 
starters  is  required,  the  load  being  lifted  quickly  after  ea<'li 
pressing  oi)eration  and  turned  round  by  the  turning  fjear. 
The  resulting  fluctuations  in  the  load  on  the  motors  had  to 
be  allowed  for  in  the  design  of  them. 

The  several  motors  for  lifting,  traversing  and  turning 
respectively,  can  be  controlled  by  means  of  two  independent 
sets  of  starters.  This  double  control  allows  the  pressing 
process  to  be  watched  more  easily  Ity  the  driver. 

3.  Travelling  Cmne  of  lb  Ions''  capai  ity  for  Ihc  Opnation 
of  the  Armovr-pla(p  Bollitif/  Jfill  and  Hijilnnilic  Mouhling 
Presses. — The  main  data  of  this  crane  are  as  follows  : — 

Span  between  centres  of  crane  rails,  ]3'43  metres  ;  height 
from  floor  to  upper  edge  of  crane  rails,  7-9  metres  ;  capacity, 
75  tons,  with  lifting  speed  of  1-80  ni.  per  minute ;  37'5  tons 
with  lifting  speed  of  3-{;0  m.  per  minute  :  traversing  speed, 
with  full  load,  12  m.  per  minute  :  travelling  speed,  with  full 
load,  25  ra.  per  minute. 

The  equipment  of  the  crane  corresponds  to  that  of  the 
foundry  crane  described  above,  apart  from  the  auxiliary 
trolley  used  in  coimection  with  the  latter.  Tliree  motors 
are  provided  for  the  various  motions,  the  lifting  motor  of 
40  H.p.  being  designed  with  eight  and  four  poles  in  accord- 
ance with  the  two  lifting  speeds  of  r^  and  3-(;  metres  per 
minute,  with  loads  of  75  and  37'5  tons  (at  OOO  and  1,200 
B.i'.M.  respectively).  A  pole  switch  operated  by  remote 
control  from  the  driver's  cage  is  provided  for  changing  from 
one  speed  to  the  other.  The  traversing  motor  has  an  output 
of  10  H.p.  at  1,200  r.p.jHI.,  and  the  motor  for  the  longitudinal 
CBOtion  of  the  crane  (which  is  coupled  by  a  semi-elastic  clutch 
to  toothed  gearing),  25  H.p.  at  1,200  R.f.M. 


The  brake  of  the  lifting  motor  i«  controlled  antomatically 
by  H  servo-motor.  The  lifting  hook  is  a  wron(;ht-st««l 
double  hook  resting  on  ball  bearings  and  Bn(ir»onded  by  2  x  •; 
steel  cables,  each  23  mm.  in  diameter  TfigB.  c,  and  H). 

1 .  Trdvellinfi  ( 'ranes  of  (;o  and  20  lonx'rtipnrilij  re^prrlirefif 
for  the  (jyn-luirdeninfi  furlorij. — Two  spcciiil  cranrs  bnilt  by 
the  Oerlikon  Machine  Works  arc  used  to  immorpc  gun 
barrels,  vertically  snspenfled  from  the'liook,  in  oil  thinks  for 
hardening  ;  they  suflice  for  the  longest  tubes  manufactured 
at  Terni,  and  are  especially  remarkable  for  their  ronsiderablc 
lowering  s[)eed,  which  is  accurately  adjufted. 

In  accordance  with  their  Hp'cial  use,  ihew;  cranes  had  to 
l>c  mounted  at  a  considerable  height  above  the  floor.  Thf 
cranes  are  installed  in  two  adjoining  shops  at  different 
levels,  the  (;0-ton  crane  beinp  situated  at  22  m.  and  the 
20-ton  crane  at  IJ-l  m.  from  the  upper  edge  of  the  crane 
rails  to  the  ground.  Both  cranes  are  of  the  same  design  as 
those  already  described,  their  main  data  being  as  follows 

Cfjtr.    7)  •  — 

"^       '  60-tpn  crane.  20-fon  rrnnf. 

TiiftiuR  speed  with  full  load  ...         fi  m.  per  min.         x  m.  per  min. 
Lowerinpr  speed  with  full  1ob<1         80  ,,         ,,  HO  .,        ,, 

Traversinff  speed  ...         ...        20  ,.  20  .,         ., 

Travelling  speed  60-25  .,         ,,         60-30  .. 

The  lifting  motors  are  fitted  with  a  pneumatic  brake  on 
the  .Tordan  system,  which  being  operated  from  the  driver's 
cage  thi'ough  electric  remote  control  allows  the  lowering 
speed  to  be  kept  constant. 

The  brake  is  designed  as  a  jaw  brake,  being  put  on  by  a 
weight  and  relieved  by  the  piston  of  a  brake  cylinder  fed 
with  compressed  air.  A  small  air  pump  driven  from  the 
lifting  motor  produces  compressed  air,  which  is  accumulated 
in  a  si)ecial  tank,  whence  it  is  supplied  in  accordance  with 
requirements  to  the  brake  cylinder.  On  a  given  air  com- 
pression being  reached,  the  air  supply  is  cut  off  automatic- 
ally by  a  pressure  regulator,  the  compressor  running  at  no 
load  until  the  pressure  falls  again.  A  regulator  jxirmanently 
coupled  to  the  lifting  drum  adjusts  the  aiV  pressure  in  the 
brak-e  cylinder,  so  that  the  lowering  speed  remains  constant 
with  any  load  (as  well  as  at  no  load).  During  the  lowering 
operation  the  lifting  motor  is  uncoupled  by  a  claw  clutch 
actuated  by  compressed  air,  and  the  hook  and  load  can  then 
be  lowered  at  13  times  the  lifting  speed  (80  m.)  without 
carrying  the  motor  along.  The  control  of  the  lowering 
motion  is  so  arranged  that  lowering  cannot  be  effected  Ijefore 
uncoupling  the  motor.  On  account  of  the  considerable 
power  (about  1,000  H.r.)  absorbed  by  the  brake  in  lowering, 
the  mechanism  is  designed  most  substantially.  In  order  to 
eliminate  any  risk  of  failure  of  the  brake  during  the  harden- 
ing process,  which  would  be  liable  to  have  the  most  disas- 
trous consequences,  four  brake  disks  are  provided  on  the 
(iO-toii  crane  and  two  brake  disks  on  the  20-ton  crane,  each 
of  which  alone  is  able  to  keep  the  load  suspended. 

Enormous  difficulties,  which  could  not  lie  foreseen,  were 
met  with  in  designing  this  braking  arrangement  to  comply 
with  the  special  conditions  to  be  met  by  the  special  cranes 
and  to  ensure  a  smooth  operation  :  the  braking  effect  is 
absolutely  reliable  and  the  lowering  speed  is  kept  constant, 
while  all  shocks  and  jerks  are  avoided  and  braking  distances 
reduced  to  a  minimum. 

For  traversing,  there  is  provided  a  toggle-joint  brake 
oi3erated  automatically  by  a  servo-motor.  The  wrought-steel 
double  h(X)k  is  free  to  rotate  on  ball  bearings  round  its  vertical 
axis.  It  is  suspended  in  the  GO-ton  crane  by  a  12-strand 
cable  and  in  the  20-ton  crane  by  an  eight-strand  cable. 

The  motor  outputs  are  as  follows  : — 

60-ton  cranf.  20-/<'»  crane. 
Lifting  motor  with  full  load           ...     110  H.r.  ."lO  H.r. 

Traversing  motor  with  full  load    ...       15  h.p.  6  h.p. 

Travelling  motor  with  full  load     ...       36  h.p.  20  h.p. 

All  these  motors  run  at  a  speed  of  1,200  r.p.m. 

The  arransrement  of  the  trolley  contacts  is  the  same  as  in 
connection  with  the  other  cranes,  1 3  bare  copper  conductors, 
G  and  9  mm.  in  diameter  respectively,  with  insulators  and 
tightening  screws,  being  used  to  convey  the  current  to  the 
trolley  motors. 

In  addition  to  the  cranes  above  described,  a  number  of 
transporting  cranes  of  the  most  diverse  capacities  and  of  the 
Maschinenfabrik  Oerlikon's  standard  design  have  been  sup- 
plied to  the  various  workshops  of  the  extensive  Terni  Iron 
and  Steel  WoVks. 


484 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE"\TEW.       [Voi.72.  No.  1,843,  march  21, 1913. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

7A/I  Editors  invite  electrical  engineern,  whether  connected  with,  the 
technical  (tr  the  commercial  fide  of  the  profegtion  and  indvstry, 
alio  electric  tramway  and  railway  officiali,  to  keep  reader/  of  the 
Electbioal  Ekview  posted  as  to  their  moremetUt.i 


Central  Station  Officials.— At  the  meeting  on  the  13th 

nst.,  of  the  Ealing  B.C.,  the  Mayor  said  he  desired  publicly  to 
thank  Mb.  .1.  D.  Knight,  borough  electrical  engineer,  and  Mb. 
A,  E.  PiLLES,  for  havinir  very  kindly  acted  as  stokers  at  the 
electric  lipht  works  on  a  recent  evening-  when  the  employos  were 
beinpr  entertained  at  the  Town  Hall.  It  only  showed,  sai.l  his 
Worship,  how  ready  the  head  officials  were  to  do  anything  to 
enable  those  under  them  to  have  an  evening's  enjoyment. 

Mb.  G.  a.  Bruce,  electrical  engineer  and  tramways  general 
manager  to  the  F.owestoft  T.C.,  fias  tendered  his  resignation. 

\\  ith  reference  to  the  paragraph  inserted  in  our  issue  of  February 
7th  with  regard  to  the  decision  of  the  Electricity  Committee  of 
Poplar  to  give  prominence  to  the  managerial  side  of  the  depart- 
ment, the  Committee  has  now  reconsidered  its  decision  as  regards 
the  salaries  of  Mb.  V.  H.  Obi  ickshanit.  'station  engineer,  and 
Mb.  E.  R.  Ingram,  mains  engineer,  and  these  gentlemen  are  now 
to  receive  salaries  of  £225  per  annum,  rising  by  annual  increments 
of  £12  10s.  to  dtSOO  per  annnni. 

The  Installation  Engineer  of  the  Tyneniouth  undertaking  has 
handed  in  his  resignation,  which  has  been  accepted  by  the  Elec- 
tricity Committee,  who  invite  applications  for  filling  the  vacancy 
on  the  same  terms  and  remuneration  as  at  present. 

The  salary  of  the  electrical  engineer  at  Rhyl  was  increased,  at  a 
meeting  of  the  Rhyl  District  Council  last  week,  from  £170  to  £200 
per  annum. 

Tramway  Officials.— The  Bournemouth  T.C.  has.  on 
the  recommendation  of  the  Tramways  Committee,  decided  to 
increase  the  salary  of  Mb.  Vickers,  chief  assistant  and  electrical 
engineer,  from  £32o  to  £375  per  annum,  with  annual  increments 
of  £3.T  to  a  maximum  of  £450  ;  that  of  Mr.  Baldwin,  tramway 
traffic  superintendent,  by  £5.t  a  year  ;  and  that  of  Mr.  Habtley, 
works  superintendent,  by  £2.5  per  annum. 

Out  of  some  300  applicants,  Mr.  G.  M.  Barbell,  chief  cashier 
of  the  Leeds  Tramway  Department,  has  been  appointed  to  a  similar 
position  under  the  Huddersfield  Tramways. 

General. — Mr.  Sidxev  Andrews  has  severed  his  con- 
nection with  Messrs.  Veritys,  Ltd  ,  for  whom  he  acted  as  manager 
for  Scotland  for  many  years,  and  is  now  representative  for  Scotland 
and  Ireland  for  Messrs.  Royce,  Ltd.,  of  Manchester.  His  address  is 
i:-{3.  Mount  Annan  Drive,  Mount  Florida,  Glasgow,  and  all  com- 
munications should  be  sent  there. 

Mb.  Henry  C.  Crews,  M.I.E.E.,  of"  Manchester,  has  been 
appointed  by  the  governing  body  of  Denstone  College  to  act  as 
consulting  electrical  engineer  in  charge  of  the  electrical  installation 
at  the  college. 

On  the  occasion  of  their  golden  wedding.  Me.  and  Mbs.  Cox- 
Walkeb  have  been  presented  by  the  prei>ent  and  past  employes  of 
Messrs.  Cox-VValkers,  Ltd.,  electrical  engineers,  of  Darlington,  of 
which  Mr.  Cox-Walker  is  a  governing  director,  with  a  silver 
hot- water  jug. 

Mr.  Colin  P.  Sctthebt,  of  the  staff  of  the  British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Rugby,  who  is  leaving  to  take  charge  of  the 
electrical  business  of  Messrs.  Johnson  A:  Fletcher,  at  Bnlawayo, 
Rhodesia,  has  been  presented  by  his  colleagues  with  an  attacht-  case. 

We  are  informed  that  the  old-established  firm  of  Clark,  Forde 
and  Taylor  (H.  A.  Taylor,  A,  L.  Dearlove  and  R.  M.  Sayers),  con- 
sulting engineers  to  the  Pacific  Cable  Board  and  many  of  the  large 
submarine  cable  companies,  has  been  joined  as  partner  by  Dr.  J. 
Erskine-Murray.  D.Sc,  F.R.S.E  ,  the  well-known  expert  in  wireless 
telegraphy.  The  style  of  the  firm  after  March  25th  will  be  Clark, 
Forde,  Taylor  &  Erskine-Murray,  4,  Great  Winchester  Street,  B.C. 
By  this  combination  the  firm  will  be  in  a  position  to  advise  upon, 
and  act  as  consultants  in,  all  branches  of  telegraphic  engineering. 
The  firm  has  been  going  for  over  -10  years,  and  at  one  time  or 
another  has  acted  as  engineers  for  nearly  all  the  large  cable  com- 
panies, supervising  the  making  and  laying  of  over  175.000  nautical 
miles  of  submarine  cable.  It  must  not  be  supposed  that  the  firm 
fears  the  eflfeot  of  wireless  on  cable  work  :  it  is  associating  the  two 
systems  in  the  belief  that  they  will  be  helpful  to  each  other,  and 
that  their  interests  do  not  really  clash.  Mr.  Herbert  Taylor  will 
not  now  take  such  an  active  part  in  the  firm  as  heretofore,  but  his 
valuable  experience  and  advice  will  be  available. 

Obituary. — AVe  regret  to  record  that  the  death  occurred 
suddenly  at  Aberdeen  on  l.'.th  inst.,  of  Mb.  William  Bullough, 
of  Messrs.  Howard  A:  Bullough,  Accrington,  in  his  oOth  year. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Cunningham,  Ltd.  (127,fiti4).— This  comjiany  was  registered 
on  March  lOih,  wiita  a  capital  of  i.'l,EOO  in  £1  shares,  to  tahe  over  the  business 
of  in  «)\eclrici8n  and  electrical  enRincer  carried  on  by  R.  N.  Cunningham,  at 
>  .  ware  Road,  and    U,  WellinKlon    Terrace,    Bayswater    Uoad,    W,,    as 

••  tt.  i.  Cunnincham  A  Co."  Th<'  Hubscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  — 
R.  K.  Cuonlnghani,  171.  Edgware  Koad,  W.,  electrical  engineer;  L.  leaacs, 
•a,  Albion  Road.  Newington  Green.  N.,  traveller.  Private  company.  The 
Ortt  diradfirs  are  B.  N,  Cunningham  (peimaoeDt  goveraiag  dlrc'ctox],  R. 
ti.  Itaaiis.    R^glncTed  ofBo'e,  171,  Bdgwar*  Roafl.  W.  •      •  - 


British     Electric     Heater,   Co.,    Ltd.   C8,'>71).— Registered 

March  7th,  by  Dalgluinh,  Debbie  4  Co.,  M.  Charlotte  Bquare.  Edinbargh. 
CapiUl  £60,0OQ  in  £1  shares  (30,000  participating  pref.).  Objeots  :  To  carry 
on  business  as  electricians,  mecbanlral,  bvdraiilio  and  general  engineers. 
The  Bignatorie?  iwlth  one  share  each)  are  — T.  H.  McLaren.  105,  West 
George  Street,  Glasgow,  clerk;  M.  Blair,  jun.,  Garthland,  Hamilton,  clerk; 
K.  Patrick,  Trnflord  Bank.  Biahopbridgs,  clerk  ;  J.  B.  Dunlop,  181,  Do-  glaa 
Street,  Glasgow,  clerk;  J.  McGavin,  Cambutkeith,  Kilmarnock,  clerV; ;  H.J, 
Ftevensoii.  160,  Onslow  Drive,  Dennistoun,  Olafgow ;  Miss  I.  W.  Armstrong, 
66,  Ardwall  Terrace,  Riitherglen.  The  llrst  directors  (to  number  not  less 
than  f,.ur  or  more  than  ninel  are  A.  W.  Terranoe,  A.  Green-Thompson, 
O,  Ritchie,  R,  W.  Hogarth,  C.  H.  Urmsten,  and  G.  R.  Young  ;  qnallHcation. 
100  shares ;  remuneration,  £50  per  annum  (£50extra  for  chaitman).  Registered 
oflioe,  ICS,  West  George  Street,  Glasgow. 

C.  A.  Parsons  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (137, fil9").— Registered  March  7tl>. 
by  Grossman,  Priohard,  Grossman  4  Block,  16,  Theobald's  Road,  W.C.  Capital, 
£150,000  in  £100  shares.  Objects,  to  carry  on  the  business  of  cleotrioal, 
hydraulic,  mechanical  and  general  engineers,  founders  and  workers  In 
metals,  boiler  makers,  macbinei>  and  implement  manufacturers  and  designers, 
Rhipnwners.  , MO.,  to  acquire  the  businesses  and  undertakingK  of  C.  A.  T'arsODB 
and  Co.,  of  the  Heaton  Works,  Newcastle  onTyne.  and  elsewhere  (including  as 
part  thereof  the  business  carried  on  bv  Bcott  A  Mountain.  Ltd.,  at  the  Closia 
Works,  Gatpshcadl,  and  to  adoot  an  sV-reement  with  the  Hon.  Sir  Charles  A. 
Parsons.  The  signatories  (with  me  ^hare  each)  are:— Hon.  Sir  Charles  A. 
Parsons,  KC.B.,  Heaton  Works,  Newcnstle-onTyne;  A.  G.  Parsons.  Heaton 
Works,  Newcastle-on-Tync.  engineer;  W.  H.  Johnston,  Heaton  Works,  New- 
oastle-on-Tyne,  engineer.  Private  company.  The  first  directors  (to  be  not 
less  than  three  or  more  than  seven,  are  Hon.  R'r  Charles  A.  Parsons,  K.CB.. 
and  not  more  than  six  others,  to  be  nominated  by  bim  :  qualifleation,  £1,000.; 
remuneration  as  fixed  bv  the  company.  Solicitor,  T.  W.  Thompson,  Newoastle- 
on-Tyne.    Registered  offloe,  Hc.aion  Works,  Heaton,  Newoastlc-on  Tyne. 

J..W.  Coiirtenay,  Ltd.  (187.549").— Begiatered  March  4th.  bv 
O.  D,  Perks,  SB,  New  Broad  Street,  E,C.  Canital,  £60,000  in  £1  shares  (lO.OQO 
6  per  cent.  ciKrtilatlve  preference,  and  ■Jo.OOO  ordinary!,  Olijeots  :  To  carry 
on  the  business  of  advertising  agents  and  rf'ontractors,  bilipOFters,  manufac- 
turers of  and  directors  in  adrertising  Epecialities,  electrical  and  mechanical 
sigDB  and  apparatus,  printers,  lith^prapberH,  designers,  publiphers,  booksellers^ 
&c.,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  J.  W.  Courtenav,  of  V2,  Norfolk  ftreet, 
W.C.  The  signatories  (with  one  .share  each)  are  :— J.  T,  Ch»pple,  73,  Oresbam 
Street,  EC,  solicitor:  W.  W,  Wright,  3S-4,  Broad  Street  Avenue,  K.C..  char- 
tered accountant.  Private  company.  The  flrtt  directors  are  J.  W,  Conrtenay, 
W,  W.  Wright  and  J.  T,  Chappie;  remuneration  (except  managing  direotor) 
£100  each  per  annum. 

Spiral  Regulntinff  Dynamo  Co.,  Ltd.  (127fi32). — This  com- 
pany was  registered  on  March  3rd,  with  a  capital  of  £,">  000  in  £1  sharee,  to 
acquire  from  A.  A.  Price  patent  rights  relating  to  an  electric  dynamo.  The 
subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  :— J.  H.  Turner,  The  Flms,  Willesden 
Green,  N.W,,  contractor  ;  P.  T.  W,  Price,  122,  Aldersgate  Street,  EC,  mer- 
chant;  A  A,  Price,  2,'>,  Charlotte  Street,  W.,  engineer.  Private  company. 
The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  three  or  mcr<>  than  five:  the 
first  are  J,  H.  Turner,  F,  T.  W.  Price  and  A.  A.  Price;  qualification,  £100) 
remuneration  according  to  profits.      Registered  office,  25,  Charlotte  Street,  W. 

Rotary  Units,  Ltd.  (I27.(>.5<)).— This  company  was  registered 
nn  March  8tb,  with  a  capital  of  £600  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on  the  business  of 
founders,  engineers,  makers  of  steam,  gas  and  oil  engines,  petrol  and  other 
motors,  motor-cars  and  'buses,  motor-boats,  gas-producer  plants,  boilers, 
Bteam  and  water  turbines  and  air  compressors,  electricians,  manuiaotureni 
of  electrical  apparatus.  Ac.  Th*  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are: — 
C.  W.  Jamieson,  2,  Bunningdale  Gardens.  W.,  engineer;  A.  G,  Grice, 
Drurogcith,  Dundee,  engineer;  J.  T.  Wood,  Home  Works,  Datchet.  engineer  ; 
C.  M.  Keiller,  Home  Works,  Datchet,  engineer.  Private  company.  Tabic  "  A  " 
mainly  applies.  Registered  by  Jordan  A  Bong,  Ltd.,  116-117,  Chancery  Lane, 
W.C. 

Rodonit    Syndicate,    Ltd.    (127, .'■)-'7),— This    company    was 

registered  on  March  Srd,  with  a  capital  of  £5,000  in  £1  shares,  to  take  over  the 
business  of  mannfncturers  of  "  Rodonit,"  carried  on  by  W.  Hermann  and 
P.  D.  Bull,  at  Souihbury  Road,  Enfield,  as  Hermann,  Bull  A  Co.  The  sub- 
scribers (with  one  share  each)  are  ;— F.  D,  Bull,  merchant.  14b.  Manor  Road, 
Stoke  Newington,  N,  ;  R.  Atherstone,  30,  Springfield  Avenue,  Muswell  Hill, 
N.,  electrical  engincr.  Private  companv.  The  first  directors  are  W, 
Hermann,  Hereward  House,  Enfleld,  F,  D.  Bull,  R,  Atherstone  and  fl.  W. 
Reckmann.  Secretary,  C.  W.  Beckmann.  Registered  office,  20,  Victor 
Road,  Finsbury  Park,  N. 

Anger    Manufacturing   and   Supply  Co.,  Ltd.   (127  703).— 

This  company  was  registered  on  March  12th,  with  a  capital  of  £2,000  in  £1 
shares,  to  acquire  from  J.  E,  Anger  and  G,  H.  .\nger  the  invention  of  an  auto- 
matic brake  adiuster,  and  of  improvements  in  apparatus  for  automatically 
adjusting  or  taking  up  the  slack  in  brakes  of  tramcars  and  other  vehicles, 
together  ^vith  the  business  of  engineers  carried  on  by  them.  The  subscribers 
(with  one  share  each)  are :— G,  H.  Anger,  186.  Strand  Road,  Preston, 
engineer;  A,  Foster,  10,  St.  George's  Pqua'e,  St.  Anne's-on-Bea.  cotton 
spinner  and  manufacturer;  J.  Wilson,  52,  Higher  Bank  Road,  Fulwood, 
Pffston,  rubber  merchant.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is 
not  to  be  less  than  three  or  more  than  five;  the  first  a'e  G,  H  Anger 
(managing  director),  A.  Foster  and  J.  Wilson  (all  permanent,  subject  to 
holding  100  sbaresl  ;  ciualiflcation  of  ordinary  directors  one  share  ;  remunera- 
tion of  managirg  director,  £260  per  annum,  Policitors,  W.  R,  A  W,  Ascroft, 
Preston.     Registered  by  Jordan  &  Sons,  Ltd,,  116117,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

Parana  Power  Syndicate,  Ltd.  (127,747).— This  company  was 

registered  on  March  19tb,  with  a  capital  of  £10,000  in  £  I  shares,  to  acquire 
shares,  debentures  and  securities  of  tramway,  light  and  power  companies  in 
Brazil  or  elsewheie,  and  to  adopt  an  sg'rit  with  A.  ,T.  Byington.  The  snb- 
poribers  (with  one  share  each)  arc  :  W,  J.  Simpson,  35,  Kings  Road,  Willesden 
Green,  N.W..  clerk  ;  J.  M,  Tolley.  2,  Bond  Court.  Walbrook.  B.C.,  clerk. 
Privatecompany.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  :  the  Prst 
are  W,  J.  Simpson  and  J,  M.  Tolley,  Registered  oflice,  4,  London  W»ll 
Buildings,  E,C, 

>'ew  British   Ever-Ready  Co.,  Ltd.   (187.638),— Registered 

March  7th  by  Corbonld,  Ellis  and  Mitchell,  14,  element's  Lane.  Lombard 
Ktrcet,  B.C.  Capital  £200,000  in  £1  shares  (115  000  ordinary  and  85,000  7  per 
cent,  cum.  participating  preference).  Objects ;  To  carry  on  the  business  of 
electricians,  electrical  engineers,  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  electrical 
appliances,  wires,  accumulators,  batteries,  dynamos,  lamps,  switches,  torches, 
novelties  and  specialities,  mechanical  engineers,  prcdncera  and  suppliers  of 
electricity  and  power,  and  to  take  over  the  business  of  the  British  Ever- Ready 
Electrical  Co,,  Ltd,  Power  is  also  taken  to  manufacture  and  deal  in  motor 
vehicles,  flying  machines  and  tho  like.  The  signatories  (with  one  share  each) 
itre  ;  — 8.  Bte'n,  Ever-Ready  Works,  Hercules  Place,  Holloway,  N,,  merchant; 
G  F,  Ritzelberger,  Hercules  Place,  Holloway,  N.,  works  manager  ;  M.  Good- 
fellow,  Hercules  Place,  Holloway,  N,,  company  secretary;  C,  H.  Dade, 
1,  Kingsway.  W.C,  manager  of  public  company  ;  B.  R,  H.  Baker,  Cralgenan, 
Blancbford  Road,  Stamford  Brook,  W.,  accountant ;  E,  McNaIr,  3,  East  Ham 
Road,  Littlebampton,  secretary  ofjjublic  company:  G,  Bostock,  21,  Iron- 
monger Lane,  B,C.,  chartered  -Aotfonntant.  Minimum  cash  subscription, 
85  000  preference  shares.  The  first  directors,  to  be  not  less  than  three  or 
more  than  five,  arc  fl.  Stern.  (*.  F.  Fatrclberger,  M,  Goodfellow.  C,  B.  C. 
>>ll«r  <70.  Coif »i««u Rlp-ePS,  .E.tW'and  C.  Jl.  Dade  (Electrical  Federation 
Offlces,  1,  Kingnwaj',  W.C,) ;  nualitjc*l«)n,  i'JOO. preference  tlKres;  remunera- 
tion not  more  than  £I0O  each  per  annum  '(managing  director,  £750  per  annum), 
with  any  extra  sums  voted  by.  the  company.  Registered  offlces,  Her^lij; 
Place,  Holloway,  N,  '.     .■.  ,-'/        '        '    ...V. '.',.. 


Vol.72.  No.  1,843,  maeoh  31, 191S.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIFW. 


485 


OrnCIAL    RETURNS    OP    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


Snn   Elcctrlcnl   ('<».,    Ltd.   («:»,2(;i  ).-C!ftpital.  «4B.100,  in  £1 

HliarnH  ('jn.(N)l>  prof.).  RMiirn  dntrd  Jnnilitry  (Uli,  llllll.  A.tOO  ord.  rtnd  in,70l 
prrf.  HharcH  taken  up.     Xl'.l.tl'il  paid.     MurtgaRoe  anil  oharRca  :  i.'B,H76. 

Melbourne    Klectiic    Supply  ('».,    lAii. — A   nioraornndum  of 

natiiifai'tlon  in  full  on  Marrli  .'itti,  loi:),  i  i  mortKaKO  dated  AuRiiKt  8rd,  1!MI, 
HOoiirlng  not  morn  than  i'JfiO.OOO,  1i»h  btii  r,  tiled. 

Chlppcnliniii  Floctric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.- PartioularHof  £2,u()0 

dflionluies  rrpnted  I'uhrnary  Drd,  HUH,  and  nuonred  hy  trust  deed  of  even  date, 
nied  pursnanl  to  Hi,  .  (la  (;i)  nf  tlio  CrinpnniOR'  (ronB..liilatlon)  Ai-t.  11K)8,  the 
>vhnlo  nmntint  ItoiitK  now  iHSurd.  Proprrty  i-harK'cil ;  The  I'oinpany'B  under- 
titkint;  and  prop,>rty,  pienent  find  future,  jixdudlnR  niirallcd  rnpital  and  part 
'I  the  ol<l  easworkd,  Chippanham.  with  llxlorcB,  plant  and  machinery,  4r., 
theioon.     TniMtPoe  :  A    Cotos  and  A,  A.  OouRlaH. 

Tyor  iV-  Co.,  Ltd.— Partionlarff  of  £7,0(H>  debontureB,  created 
Kpbruary  ii7lh,  lill;),  filed  purBuanl  to  Boc.  93  (!!>  of  tho  Companios'  (Con- 
Holidation)  Act,  IIHIK,  tho  whole  amount  being  nowiaHuod.  Property  oharged  : 
The  oomjiany's  nndcrtukinK  and  i»roporty,  prcHent  anrl  future,  inoludini; 
iiiioallud  rapital.     No   truntces. 

Sun  Elpctrical  Co.,  Ltd.     A  memorsnduin  of  BatiKfaotion  to 

the  extent  of  i'27r>  on  Maich  ritli,  litlH,  of  debenture  BtOik  dated  March  Hist, 
mil,  BeouriuR  i'7,000,  has  boon  filed. 

City  of  Ely  Electric  LIfflit  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.  (79.28..).- 

Capital,  .I'b.dOO  in  Jt't  shares.  Ketum  dttted  January  7th,  1918',  S.CXIS  Bharen 
taken  up;   3h,  per  share  called  up  ;  jlMDO  (>».    paid.     Moricages  and  oharges  : 

Nil. 

Electrieal    liidiistri>'s    l>eveIo]Hiient  Co.,    Ltd.   (^O.-ltil).— 

Capital,  .£25,0OU  in  £1  Bharcd  ('2a,U(W  pruf  ):  return  dated  January  l.Sth,  1913: 
9,007  pref.  and  r>.OUO  ord.  shares  taken  ni>;  i.'l  per  Khare  called  up  on  4,007 
prel. :  i.'4.007  paid:  £10,000  considered  as  paid  on  r>,000  pref.  and  6,000  ord. 
Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 

IndiH-Uuhhcr,Giiltu-Perchaftnd  Telegraph  Worlis  Co  ,  Ltd. 

(1,12'2  C).).— (Japital,  £812,000  in  £10  shares  (50,00u  ord.,  25,000  pref,  and  6,2U0 
unissued) ;  return  dated  December  Jllsr,.  1912  (filed  February  10th,  1913) :  50,000 
nrd.  and  36,000  pref.  shares  taken  up  ;  £7.'>0,000  paid.  Mortgages  and  charges  : 
£400,000. 

"Dac"  Acciimnlator   Syndicate,    Ltd.  (40,76.3).  —  Capital, 

£25,000  in  £1  shares.  Return  dated  .lanuary  Uth,  1913.  19,486  shares  taken 
up.  £1  per  share  called  up  on  4.486.  £4,461  paid,  leaving  £25  in  arrears. 
£1R,0(X)  considered  as  paid  on  the  remainder.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 

Cutting  Bros.,  Ltd.  (81.178).— Capital,  £6,000  in  £10  shares. 
Betum  dated  January  -Uh,  191S,  600  ebaret'  taken  up.  £10  per  share 
called  up  on  100  sharne.  £1,000  paid.  £3,200  '  |>er  share)  considered  as 
paid  on  400  shares.    Mortgages    and  charges :    £4,(>(^. 

Snpplios   Construction    Co,,    Ltd.   (6(5,081).— Return    dated 

December  Slat,  1912.  Capital,  £350,000  in  £5  shares.  AH  shares  taken 
up.    £3S0,000  paid.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Madras  Ekotric  Tramways  (liMW),   Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  1912  states  that  there  was  a  •'■ross  profit 
of  £20,032.  After  debiting'  interest  and  London  office  expenses, 
making  provision  for  the  debenture  stock  sinking  fund, -and 
transferring  £.'5,000  to  the  depreciation  and  renewal  fund,  there 
remained  a  balance  of  £9,419,  plus  £1,10-1  brotight  forward,  making 
£10,523.  Out  of  this  £3.450  was  devoted  to  a  dividend  of  6  per 
cent,  per  annum  on  the  old  preference  shares  ;  £551  to  a  dividend 
of  6  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  new  preference  shares  :  a  dividend 
of  4  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary  shares  is  to  be  paid, 
absorbing  £2,290  ;  and  thei-e  is  devoted  to  writing  off  from  the 
cost  of  issue  of  new  preference  shares  £500,  leaving  to  be  carried 
forward  £3,732.  The  traffic  receipts  show  an  increase  of  11  98  per 
<3ent.  upon  the  1911  figures.  The  undertaking  has  been  maintained, 
as  heretofoie,  out  ofreveniie,  and  special  improvements  and  re- 
newals have  been  debited  to  Ihe  depreciation  and  rene'wal  fund,  as 
formerly.  The  reserve  iirining  from  the  debenture  stock  sinking 
fund  now  amounts  to  £4,6()8.  During  the  year  5,860  6  per  cent, 
cumulative  preference  shares  were  issued  to  repay  the  temporary 
loans  obtained  for  the  extensions  to  Washermanpet  and  Royapuram, 
whi<ih  were  opened'  in  Mai  -h  and  September  respectively.  Four 
new  large  double  bogie  cai  ■  1  ave  been  supplied,  and  six  trailers  are 
being  provided  for  the  iucreastJ  traffic.  Further  extensions  of  the 
tramway  are  also  contemplated.  The  board  record  the  death  of 
tHeir  chairman.  IVIr.  W.  S.  B.  McLaren,  M.P.  They  have  elected  Mr. 
Arthur  Maxwell  Quill  as  his  successor. 


The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  March  i:ith  at  the  offices.  Dash- 
wood  House.  E.C  .  Mr.  A.  M.  Quill  presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  above  report. 
«aid  it  was  a  great  pleasure  to  him.  on  the  first  occsasion  of  his 
chairmanship,  to  be  able  to  present  accounts  which  again  showed  a 
.satisfactory  improvement.  The  traffic  receipts  amounted  tp 
Rs.  598.092,  being  an  increase  of  ir98  per  cent.,  and  the  number  of 
passengers  carried  was  1 5,895, 24."> — an  increase  of  S'lS  per  cent. 
Part  of  that  increase  was  due  to  the  opening  of  two  short  extensions 
in  March  and  September  respectively,  but,  obviously,  some  time 
must  elapse  before  the  full  benefit  of  those  extensions  could  be 
received.  The  greater  part  of  the  improvement,  therefore,  was 
obtained  from  the  old  lines,  which  was  very  gratifying,  considering 
that  the  traffic  had  shown  a  steady  upward  tendency  since  the  fares 
were  reduccHi  some  years  ago.  Their  fares  were  probably  lower 
■LbBn  on  anv  other  tramway  iiv.the  ■wwrld.,  but  as.-tl^ey  had  to  dejgesd 
arintTet.  Qntif'eiy  .ii^a-th«.qa't'iti;e  ^^j}>'iilfttioiB,-tto7  -"vei^  oonstpiplled  io 


adopt  low  farcH.  The  pcrccntoKn  of  workinK  ciixnuiflu  to  recei.itt 
wan  lenn  than  on  moat  tramwayc  proving  that  tlm  iindcrtakinir  w«« 
eUloiontly  and  ccononiicAlly  man»Kfd.  I.'ridrr  •;ii«ting  mn- 
ditionn.  they  could  hurdly  look  for  any  further  markwl  dev  1  p- 
ment  fro-n  tho  exintiiitr  line".  Tho  blot  on  the  KyxUim  wm  »  i"-ie 
of  ningle  tra<;k  whiiih  paiii><yl  throuirh  v(rry  narrow  Rtront*  wburo 
a  double  track  wiin  impinHible.  That  caiiwd  (freat  cunKettion  At 
tinieH,  but  tlioy  could  not  iiicrca.'te  tho  numlxT  of  the  carH  on  tlio 
system.  Ho  told  them  at  Ihn  limt  iiiu<:tiii|f  that  netrotiationn  w«io 
proceiiling  for  a  divcrHion  of  the  lin<!»,  but  he  wan  worry  to  nay  th»'. 
iittln  rfiil  progrcBH  could  yr'l  be  reported  in  that  din-ction.  They 
had  offered  to  oontribiit<!  n  HubHtantial  amount  towardu  the  oofit  of 
widening  two  bridjM-H  which  the  diversion  would  entail,  and  th«  y 
were  urging  upon  the  iiuthoritinH  the  necesHity  of  the  divernion,  if 
they  wore  to  properly  fulfil  their  oblitfationR  to  the  travelling 
public.  Further  extensions  of  tho  undertaking  were  contemplated, 
but  they  could  not  bi^  proceeded  with  until  the  fllvemiona  bad  b«en 
authorised.  He  trusted  that  before  this  time  next  year  a 
solution  of  the  diHiculty  would  have  been  arrived  at.  Tha 
amount  expended  on  renewals  £3,007  woh  less  than  they  antici- 
pated, but  the  two  extensions  absortied  the  time  of  the  staff  to  a 
great  extent.  The  subiititution  of  90-'.b.  rails  for  60-lb.  would,  be 
hoped,  be  practically  completed  before  the  end  of  1914,  and  as  the 
larger  part  of  the  replacement  had  been  completed,  they  had  fixed 
the  contribution  to  the  renewals  fund  for  1012  at  £5,000.  The 
balance  at  the  credit  of  that  fund  at  the  end  of  the  year  wa« 
.(:7,645. 

Mr.  jA.MEfs  (htAY  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  wan 
adopi'ed. 

Mr.  p.  E.  Bbachcrofi,  in  proposing  a  resolution  fixing  the 
remuneration  of  the  directors  at  £2(>0  a  year  each,  as  from  .Tanuary 
1st,  1912,  said  that  hitherto  those  gentlemen  had  not  been  at  all 
adequately  recompensed  for  the  work  they  had  done  for  the  com- 
pany. The  board  were  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  fact  that  the 
ordinary  dividend  this  year  was  4  per  cent.,  as  compared  with  2  per 
cent,  a  year  ago,  and  in  view  of  the  satisfactory  progrei>e  the 
company  had  mad?,  he  thought  it  quite  time  that  the  directors 
were  properly  paid. 

Mr.  W.  Bui.i.ocH  Beconded  the  resolution,  which  was  carried 
unanimously. 

The  auditors  and  the  retiring  director  having  been  re-elected,  the 
proceedings  terminated  with  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  chairman. 


New  York  Telephone  Co. — The  report  states  that  the 

combined  telephone  earnings  of  the  company  and  its  associated 
companies  for  1912  amounted  to  ?65,632,689,  showing  an  increase 
of 'fr),613,27S  over  1911.  The  net  telephone  earnings,  including 
$1,610,072  other  income,  were  Sl.s, (■.81,070,  an  increase  of  -^i, 164, 775. 
Interest  charges  absorbed  1^3,179,.")73  and  dividends  -Si 0,000,335, 
leaving  a  balance  to  surplus  and  reserves  of  S-'i.402,lii2,  an  increase 
of  $1,572,126.  Ou  December  31st  last  there  were  98.".,7S0  stations 
in  the  system  directly  operated  by  the  company  and  its  local  con- 
necting companies,  an  increase  of  97,445.  Including  the  associated 
and  connecting  companies,  there  were  in  service  in  the  whole 
system  1,7,">6,343  stations,  an  increase  of  232,319  stations. 

Stock    Exrhanffe    Notices. — Applications    have   been 

made  to  the  Committee  to  appoint  a  special  settling  day  in — 
Sun  Power  Co.  (Eastern  Hemisphere',  Ltd.— Further  issue  of  3,050  ordinary 

shares  of  £1  each  fully  paid,  Nos.  168.50S  to  170,557. 

And  to  allow  the  following  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official  List— 
Vancouver  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— Further  i^8ue  of  £o0,C00  H  par  cent,  p  ipetual 

guaranteed  debenture  stock. 

Llanellyand  District  Electric  Li|2:btingand  Tr:;ction 

Co.,  Ltd.— The  directors'  report  states  that  the  prctiD  tor  1912. 
including  the  balance  brought  forward,  and  after  paj  luent  of  loan 
and  debenture  interest  charges,  is  £6.401.  After  paying  the  6  per 
cent,  preference  interest  there  remains  to  be  carried  forward  £2,801. 
The  business,  especially  in  the  power  .ind  lighting  departments, 
continues  to  expand,  and  the  above  res.ilts,  which  were  obtained 
notwithstanding  the  coal  strike  and  other  abnormnl  causes  serionuly 
affecting  the  revenue,  are  regarded  as  entirely  haii^factory. 

0.  0.  llawkes.  Ltd.— The  directors'  report  for  1912 
shows  a  balance  of  £9,687,  out  of  which  5  per  cent,  is  paid  on  the 
preference  shares,  absorbing  £4,250,  and  £4,000  is  added  to  the 
reserve  fund  and  £1,437  carried  forward.  The  turnover  has  been 
progressive,  and  the  profits  would  have  paid  a  dividend,  but  it  has 
been  thought  politic  to  place  an  increased  amount  to  reserve 
bearing  in  mind  that  a  further  development  of  new  branches  is 
in  view. 

Tynemouth  and  District  Electric  Traction  Co..  Ltd. 

•  The  total  revenue  for  the  year  1912  was  £13,661.  After  deduct- 
ing all  expenses  chargeable  to  revenue,  including  a  provision  of 
£1,000  for  renewals,  and  -writing  ofif  a  loss  of  £277  on  sale  of 
Consols,  there  remains  a  surplus  of  £4,377,  plus  £4,929  brought 
forward.  The  directors  have  placed  £1,250  to  reserve,  and  after 
paying  a  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  on  the  cum.  preference  shares,  a 
dividend  of  4  per  rent,  is  given  to  the  ordinary  shares,  £297  being 
carried  forward.     Bad  weather  affected  the  receipts. 

Liverpool  District  LiKlitin^i:  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directoi? 

have  declared  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent,  per  annum  (less 
tax)  for  the  last  half  of  1912. 

,  Winnipeg  Electric  Railway  Co.—Tho  diioctors  have 

declared  a  dividend  at  the  rata  of  ^  per  rent,  for  the  quaxtflr  ead^og 
Matcl»:3.lit,.'.;    •  ' '.  ■:    ■     ■.••.-vl'»»a«i- 


iw«B!«>imp««B 


486 


THE   ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.       EVoi.??.  So.  i,M3,  jumh  21,  i9i». 


Darham  Collieries  Electric  Power  Co.,  Ltd. 

A  MEETING  of  the  debenture-holders  was  held  on  Monday,  at  Win- 
chester House.  E.C.,  Mr.  A.  W.  Tait  presidinfr. 

The  Chairman  said  thnt  the  meeting  was  held  in  accordance 
with  an  order  made  by  the  Rejfistrar,  for  the  purpose  of  oonoider- 
ingr  a  scheme  of  arranf^ement  proposed  to  be  made  between  the 
company  and  the  debenture-holders.  'I'he  ag-rcement.  which  had 
been  entered  into  with  the  Newcastle  company  for  the  purchase  of 
the  nndcrta king  and  property  of  the  company  contained  the  fol- 
lowing eight  undertftkinps  :  — 

1.  10,000  fully  paid  ordinary  shares  of  £:>  eaeh  of  the  Newcastle 
company  are  to  be  issue<1  to  the  compHny's  debentiireholdera  in 
proportion  to  their  holdings,  subject  ,to  the  ))roviBO  that  fractions 
of  shares  may  1.;  sold  by  the  Receiver  for  the  benefit  of  those 
ontitletl  to  tlif'm. 

2.  The  surrender  by  the  Newcastle  Co.  of  i;i'.)>60  debentures 
in  the  company  for  the  benefit  of  the  holders  of  the  remaining 
debentures. 

:!.  The  discharge  by  the  Newcastle  Co.,  with  interest,  of  a  loan 
to  the  company  of  f.i.SOO,  made  by  third  parties,  and  the  pro- 
curing of  the  surrender  to  the  company  for  cancellation  of  £8,0mO 
prior  lien  bonds  (ranking  in  priority  to  the  debentures)  deposited 
as  security  therefor. 

4.  The  release  of  the  principal  and  interest  due  in  respect  of  a 
further  Jt4,000  of  such  prior  lien  bonds  held  by  the  New- 
castle Co. 

(').  The  surrender  by  the  company  for  cancellation  of  a  further 
*1?,900  of  such  prior  lien  bonds,  deposited  with  the  Newcastle 
Co.  as  security  for  a  debt  of  £12,4:H7  10s.  owing  by  the  company, 
and  the  release  of  the  debt. 

fi.  The  release  by  the  Newcastle  Co.  of  their  claims  to  have 
further  prior  lien  bonds  allotted  in  respect  of  a  debt  of 
£8,900  for  work  done,  on  the  express  agreement  that  the  same 
should  be  secured  by  a  further  deposit  of  prior  lien  bonds. 

7.  The  paymeiit  by  the  Newcastle  Co.  of  all  the  costs  and 
expenses  of  the  debenture-holders'  action  and  of  carrying  the 
the  agreement  into  effect. 

5.  The  settlement  of  certain  outstanding  liabilities  for  trustees' 
fees  rent,  office  and  other  expenses. 

Continuing,  the  Chairman  said  that  if  the  agreement  wa« 
passed  by  the  meeting  and  sanctioned  by  the  Court,  the  result  to 
the  deben'ure-holders  would  be  that  they  would  rceeivc  app''oxi- 
mately  ££8  in  fully-paid  ordinary  shares  of  the  Newcastle  company 
tor  cver^  a:  1(10  debenture.  That,  of  course,  was  u  very  dis- 
appointiuer  outcome,  and  involved  a  very  heavy  kss  to  the 
debenture-holders,  and  the  step  had  only  been  taken  after  the  most 
careful  consideration  and  the  obtaining  of  expert  advice.  It  was 
also  put  fon^-ard,  with  the  concurrence  and  approval  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  debenture-holders,  which  was  appointeil  in  \'M}H.  They 
would  probably  r<  member  that  at  that  time  owing  tn  the  poor 
results  which  bad  been  shown  and  the  financial  difficulties  of  the 
company  a  rearrangement  of  its  affairs  was  then  carried  out,  which 
rearrangement  was  approved  by  the  debenture-holders  at  a  meet- 
ing held  in  December,  l'.)0>^.  Under  the  rearrangement  the  debenture- 
holders  agreed  to  waive  their  foreclosure  rights  in  respect  of 
interest  on  their  debentures  for  a  period  of  live  years  to  December 
3lRt,  1913,  on  condition  that  any  net  profit  earned  by  the  company 
during  that  period,  after  meetin?  prior  lien  debenture  interest, 
should  be  distributed  among  the  debenture- holders.  Only  one  dis- 
tribution had  been  made,  to  the  extent  of  1 }  per  cent.,  on  the  deben- 
tures. An  agretment  was  also  entered  into  with  the  Newcastle- 
upon-'Tyne  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  the  County  of  Durham 
Electric  Power  Supply  Co..  under  which  the  former  company  agreed 
to  operate  the  company  s  generating  station  at  Philadelphia,  and 
to  supply  any  current  which  might  be  required  by  its  consumers  at 
fixed  prices,  and  also  to  manage  the  company's  distribution  system 
on  a  eliding  scale  according  to  the  output  ;  this  arrangement  to 
last  for  a  period  of  i2  years  from  .lanuary  Ist,  I'.iOy.  At  the 
time  those  arrangements  were  made  the  technical  advisers 
of  the  company  believed  that  with  the  growth  of  the  company's 
basinesp.  profits  would  be  earned  which  would  gradually  enable 
them  in  time  to  meet  the  debenture  interest.  As,  however,  those 
anticipations  were  not  borne  out  in  actual  operation,  the  board 
decided  to  obtain  independent  expert  advice  on  the  position,  and 
they  accordingly  rfijuested  Mr.  W.  A.  (^hamen  to  make  a  report. 
In  this  Mr.  Chamen  said  that  he  had  gone  carefully  through  the 
consumers'  agreements,  and  he  regretted  to  say  that  he  did  not  see 
any  way  in  which  the  company  could  hope  for  any  improvement  in 
the  price  paid  during  the  terms  for  which  the  agreements  were  to 
run,  unless  the  consumers  were  willing  to  grant  a  revision  of  the 
price,  which  there  did  not  seem  to  be  much  hope  of  their  doing. 
Regarding  the  agreement  with  the  Newcastle  company  as  to 
operation,  it  was  a  somewhat  complicated  one.  In  it  they 
protected  themselves  in  the  event  of  a  rise  in  the  price 
of  coal,  and  the  result  had  been  that  the  company  had 
suffered  materially,  and  the  recent  trouble  in  the  coal  trade  had  not 
helped  the  situation.  Under  the  terms  of  the  agreement  with  the 
Newcastle  company  the  prices  could  only  be  revised  after  L'l  years 
by  arbitration.  There  wa.s  no  doubt  that  the  estimates  made  by 
the  technical  experts  at  the  time  when  the  consumers'  arrange- 
ments were  made,  and  at  the  time  the  agreement  of  operation  with 
the  Newcastle  company  was  entered  into,  had  been  seriously  at 
fault.  The  only  thing' that  could  be  said  in  this  connection  was 
that  there  was  no  experience  available  in  this  country  at  the  time 
with  regard  to  large  loads  for  colliery  requirements.  The  agree- 
ments with  the  consumers  and  with  the  Newcastle  company  were 
based  on  a  probable  load  factor  which  bad  never  been  attained,  and 
in  fact  they  had  fallen  very  far  short  of  it.  The  present  output 
of  thTe company  Was  at  the  rate  of  about  24,000,000  units  per  annum 


with  k  lo&d  factor  of  approximately  iO  p«r  cent.,  and,  in  tb* 
opinion  of  the  expert,  it  would  require  an  improvement  in  the  loa(! 
factor  up  to  70  per  cent.,  with  an  output  of  35  millions  per  annum, 
to  enable  the  company  to  pay  debenture  interest,  assuming  the 
price  of  coal  did  not  cxce^  ()S.  per  ton,  and  tliat  no  further 
money  was  required  for  the  purpose  of  extending  the  supply.  In 
the  opinion  of  the  expert,  none  of  those  assumptions  were  warrant- 
able, and  he  stated  that,  unless  some  alteration  could  be  made  in  the 
controlling  agreements,  the  company  must  get  into  a  worse  and 
worse  position  as  tim^  went  on.  After  the  expert's  opinion  had 
been  carefully  considered,  and  after  the  directors  had  endeavoured 
to  obtain  concessions  from  the  consumers  and  from  the  Newcastle 
company,  without  success,  they  approached  the  committee  of  deben- 
ture-holders with  regard  to  the  position,  and  acting  under  their 
advice,  negotiations  were  entered  into  with  a  view  to  the  sale  of 
the  company's  undertaking.  They  would  appreciate  that  this  was  a 
very  difficult  matter.  The  company  was  not  an  authorised  under- 
taker under  the  Electric  Lighting  Acts,  and  the  whole  of  its  dis- 
tribution system,  with  the  exception  of  a  small  part,  was  under 
wayleavc  and  other  agreements.  As  to  the  .company's  power 
station,  a  large  amount  of  the  plant  re(|uired  for  the  supply  to 
the  consumers  did  not  belong  to  the  company,  but  was  the  property 
of  the  Newcastle  company,  and  there  was,  therefore,  only  one 
possible  buyer  of  the  assets.  The  negotiations  for  sale  took  a  very 
considerable  time,  and  it  was  only  after  great  difficulty  that  the 
present  offer  was  finally  adjusted.  He  could  only  recommend  under 
the  circumstances  that  the  offer  should  be  accepted.  There  was 
practically  no  alternative,  and  if  the  assets  were  sold  at  a  break-up 
he  did  not  believe  that  the  debenture-holders  would  get  anything. 
He  concluded  by  proposing  a  resolution  authorising  the  board  to 
carry  the  scheme  into  effect. 

Mr.  W.  S.  Poole,  in  seconding  the  resolution,  said  he  did  so  as  a 
member  of  the  Debenture-holders'  Committee.  They  realised  that 
it  was  a  very  bad  outcome  of  the  business,  but  having  carefully 
looked  into  the  matter,  they  advised  their  fellow-holders  to  accept 
the  scheme,  lest  something  worse  might  befall  them. 

Mr.  Miudleton  asked  what  was  the  value  of  the  stock  of  the 
Newcastle  company  which  they  were  asked  to  accept. 

Mr.  T.  A.  Haru.man  remarked  that,  in  his  opinion,  the  com- 
pany was  in  a  rotten  position  in  I'.tO'^,  and  the  best  thing  would 
have  been  to  have  wound  up  then. 

The  Chairman,  in  reply,  said  that  the  position  of  the  Newcastle 
company  was  quite  sound,  and  was  improving.  They  had  just 
paid  5  per  cent,  dividend  on  their  ordinary  shares,  and  the  market 
price  to-day  was  about  H  for  a  £^>  share.  He  did  not  think  any 
of  the  directors  could  bo  blamed  for  the  present  position,  because 
not  only  were  the  company's  technical  experts  at  fault  with  regard 
to  the  revenue  which  would  be  produced,  but  those  estimates  were 
practically  confirmed  by  the  engineers  of  the  Newcastle  company. 
The  position  was  that  a  load  of  this  kind  was  practically  unknown 
in  this  country — they  hoped  for  a  60  or  70  per  cent,  loaxl.  but  they 
had  never  got  more  than  40  per  cent. 

The  resolution  was  carried  without  a  dissentient. 


Tramways,    Light    and     Power     Co..     Ltd.— The 

statutory  report  submitted  at  the  meeting  held  in  London  last 
week  states  that  the  total  number  of  shares  allotted  is  475,007  of 
£1  each  (.^00,^000  i5  per  cent.  cum.  preference  shares, '.10,007  ordi- 
nary shares  and  85,000  deferred  shares).  300,000  preference  shares 
and  seven  ordinary  shares  have  been  allotted,  payable  wholly  in 
cash.  45,000  ordinary  shares  and  85,0(0  deferred  ordinary  shares 
have  been  allotted,  credited  as  fully  paid-up,  in  part  payment 
of  the  purchase  consideration,  and  4. "1,000  ordinary  shares  have 
been  allotted,  credited  as  fuUypaid  up,  in  part  payment  of  under- 
writing commission.  The  total  cash  received  by  the  company  to 
date  in  respect  of  the  shares  issued  wholly  for  cash  is  £185.611. 

Hnelva  Gas  and  Electricity  Co.,  Ltd. — The  report 

states  (says  the  Fhwncier)  that  the  net  profit  for  1912,  including 
the  balance  brought  forward,  amounts  to  £1,C48.  After  providing 
for  the  dividend  on  the  preference  shares,  £1,000  is  to  be  written 
off  for  depreciation  of  gas  and  electric  plant. 

Globe  Telegrapli  and  Trast  Co..   Ltd.— The  (directors 

have  declared  an  interim  dividend  of  26.  per  share  on  the  ordinary 
shares  for  the  three  months  ended  February. 

Canadian  General  Electric  Co,,  Ltd.— The  (iirectors 

have  declared  a  quarterly  dividend  of  1  i  per  cent,  for  the  three 
months  to  March  Slst  (at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum)  on  the 
common  stock,  and  a  half-yearly  dividend  of  3J  per  cent,  for  the 
six  months  ended  March  31st  (at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum) 
on  the  preference  stock. 

.48Cot  District  Gas  and  Electricity  Co.— At  the  annual 

meeting  recently  held,  it  was  stated  by  the  chairman  that  the  gas 
manager,  Mr.  A.  £.  Brooks,  hadmadehimself  quite  expert  as  an  elec- 
trician. The  speaker  referred  to  the  all-round  economy  and 
efficiency  resulting  from  the  manufacture  of  gas  and  electricity 
under  one  management  in  one  undertaking,  and  said  that  gas  com- 
panies were  the  right  authorities  to  do  electricity  supply.  The 
year  showed  an  increase  of  157  per  cent,  in  electricity  sold,  and  an 
increase  of  i)'07  per  cent,  in  gas  supplied. 

Farnbani  Gas  and  Electricity  Co. — The  chairman  at 

the  recent  annual  meeting  said  that  the  electricity  department 
started  last  May  wae  Increasing  its  income,  especially  from  Blot 
metn'S.  and  it  wonld  not  belong    bef  or*  it  was  paying  its  way. 


voi.Ta.  No.  i.8t3,  maboh  31,  i9ifl.]       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


487 


Direct  Spanish  Tclctrrapli  Co,,  Ltd. 

SiK  John  Dknisun  I'I'Indkr,  K.C.M  d.  (ohuiriimn).  prcHidi'il  on 
^ondiiy  at  Kluotra  Uoiuo,  EC  .  i>ver  the  lufetinif  of  thin  company. 

The  CuAIKMAX,  ill  propoaiiin  the  adoption  of  tlio  ropart  (Hee 
i:i.i;nTiur.\L  l!i;sll'-w,  \m>H'  ill),  ueid  il  wiih  Kiiit,il"\  liiu  t'>  thi? 
Itiiard  to  he  ablti  to  rrport  un  increiiHi'  in  tlw;  Iriilllo  receiptH  Of 
iK'iirly  jtS.iMiii  11^,  roiiipHrcd  witli  the-  year  lull,  uiul  iiIho  to 
report  that  tlic  IriilUc  from  .lanuary  Int,  up  to  the  prCHent 
(luto,  also  Bhowtd  u  sli'trht  increaHO  over  the  titfiircH  of  laHt 
year.  The  working;  cxpenHCH  were  £l,(i71t  in  exroHs  of  thoHc 
of  laat  year.  HalarioH  in  London  had  increaHcd  by  £H(i,  duo 
to  normal  incroaHu  under  the  Halary  Hchenio  and  to  the  fact  that 
e.\tra  aKsistance  had  born  required  owin)f  to  the  continued  incruafle 
in  the  company^  Inis-incHs.  Salaries  at  stations  showed  an  increase 
of  JttiTS,  which  \V!is  partially  due  to  normal  i-icrease  and  jiartly  to 
the  improvement  in  the  salary  scheme  of  the  operatinjr  .ttaff,  which 
the  director.-!  found  ntcesFury  in  the  interests  of  all  concerned.  .No 
interruption  of  the  eoinpan  \  s  cables  had  taken  place  during:  the  year 
under  review,  and  this  had  enabled  the  directors  to  pla<i'  the  sum 
of  £11.000  to  reserve,  which  they  considered  •rood  policy,  in  view  of 
the  very  heavy  expenditure  they  were  oblijjed  to  incur  in  I'.M  1  in 
connection  with  the  extensive  renewal  of  the  Uilbao  cable  It  must 
also  be  remembered  that  it  would  be  necessary  to  realise  sc  ine  of  the 
company's  securilies  to  enable  them  to  redeem  the  necessary  deben- 
tures in  June.  1914.  The  fec\iritie8  now  stood  in  the  eompany's 
books  at  £83, '.);"><;,  which  was  the  ci  st  price,  but  the  depreciation, 
which  was  something  over  lii  per  cent,  or  .K13,T,'iO,  had  to  be 
deducted  from  the  amount  standing  in  the  accounts. 

Mr.  F.  a.  JoHNyTON  seconded,  and  the  report  was  adopted  with- 
out discussion. 

The  retiring  director,  Mr.  .lohnsoii,  having  been  re-elected, 

Mb.  S.  Coi.i.ETT  propose*!  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  board.  He 
said  the  company  had  passed  through  difficult  and  troul)led  waters, 
but  the  directors  had  steered  the  ship  very  wisely,  and  to-day  they 
had  arrived  at  a  very  satisfactory  state  of  things.  He  believed 
they  had  never  before  put  by  such  a  large  sum  as  Jtll,00o  to  the 
reserve  fund,  and  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  debentures  would  be 
paid  ofiF  next  year,  their  prospects  certainly  seemed  brighter  than 
for  several  years  past. 

The  motion  having  been  carried. 

The  CifAiBMA.s'  replied  on  behalf  of  the  board  and  the  statT,  and 
paid  that  las-t  Christmas  he  visited  the  Bilbao  station  and  taw  a 
great  many  of  the  statl'  there,  and  he  complimented  the  company  on 
the  fact  that  the  station  was  in  perfect  order,  and  everything  bore 
a  thoroughly  business-like  appearance. 


Bhowing  an  Incrcate  of  f.^.-l^O.  Koarthly,  the  dividend  on  the 
ordinary  capital  wtm  at  the  rate  of  f,  per  oeot.  per  yrar.  comi^nred 
with  .') J  per  cent,  for  till-  three  previou*  jeam.  KiJthly.  the  (»rrjr 
forward  amounted  to  £2,1-11  sgamiit  4CI,20'J  fur  l'.)ll.  The  girieral 
proyieSH  iif  their  bunineifH  had  licrn  hn  wax  g\n\  to  my  |rilt« 
natiHlae.tory  iliiring  the  seiir.  Th.-  ii|ipiir::.tir/tii)  for  tie  Hii|iply  of 
current  reemved  durini^  the  year  amounted  to  i<l  i  K^s.,  an  compared 
with  .">!l.'(  Kw.  in  I'.ill,  tlitn  Mhowing  an  increai'e  of  II  per  cent 
and  the  unitM  cdIiI  were  '.\,'.i.iH,\-j:,.  uh  ngain'<t  :i(;7M  i|i.  in 
I'.ill.  being  an  increaco  of  H  |)er  cnit.  During  the  p«Ht  ^ear 
the  rates  of  suppl.v  to  the  Bournemouth  Corixiration  lor 
tramway  traction  had  been  revised  in  acionlaiicc  with  the  provinionn 
of  the  Bgreemcnt,  which  contained  powtrK  to  rovi.ie  the  rates  evtry 
five  years.  The  matter  necefHitated  i  erefuj  and  lengthy  negotia- 
tion, and  ended  in  a  fiiendly  adjuhtment  of  the  price,  and  hence  the 
costly  resort  of  arbitration  wa.t  nvuidul  With  regard  to  the  Kich 
mond  Electric  Light  and  I'cwer  Co..  in  which  th^y  held  a  large 
interest,  it  was  a  matter  for  <:ongratnlation  that  the  compnny  had 
been  enabled  to  jiay  th<ni  in  rj-spect  ''f  last  juir  a  much  larger 
eontribution  to  their  revenue  than  UMial.  It  had  maintained  its 
position  and  given  satisfaetitn  to  tlieni  in  every  way.  They  would 
remember  that,  at  the  last  mtetiii;:.  be  told  them  he  tielieved  the 
timehadpassed  when  metallic-filament  lampscould  haveanything  but 
a  most  beneficial  effect  on  their  revenue,  and  he  was  glad  to  say  that 
the  results  quite  justiliid  that  view.  The  lamps  rendered  the  current 
cheaper  to  the  consumer  and  were  making  electric  light  far  more 
popular  than  before.  Practically  all  the  chairmen  at  the  meetings 
of  the  electric  supply  comjianies  which  had  Ixen  held  that  year 
told  them  that  last  year  had  seen  a  great  increase  in  the  quantities 
of  electricity  supplied  to  their  consumers  compared  with  the  pre- 
vious year,  not  only  for  lighting,  but  for  heat  ing,  cooking  and  iwwer 
purposes.  He  was  convinced  that  the  eleotric  supply  industry 
generally  speaking,  had  a  very  bright  future  before  it.  The  Honme- 
mouth  Co.  had  certainly  not  lagged  behind,  and  their  prospects  of 
increased  business  during  the  present  year  were  distinctly  encourag- 
ing, and  he  hoped  next  year  to  come  liefore  them  with  a  statement 
showing  improved  results  all  round.  In  conclusion,  the  chairman 
referred  to  the  appointment  of  Mr.  II.  15.  Renwick.  the  former  secre- 
tary, as  managing  director,  the  appointment  of  Mr.  \V.  D.  Bright- 
man,  previously  local  secretary,  as  secretary  of  the  company,  and 
the  appointment  of  Mr.  F.  C.  Md.iuown  as  London  secretary. 

Dit.  J.  Atkinson  Hosker  seconded  the  motion  and  the  report 
was  adopted  without  discussion. 

In  acknowledging  a  vote  of  thanks  passed  to  the  board  and  staff, 
the  Chairhl^n  said  he  would  convey  the  shareholders'  appreciation 
to  the  staff  at  the  staff  dinner  which  it  was  proposed  to  hold  shortly, 
when  the  food  would  be  cooked  by  electricity. 


Boiiraeinouth  and  i*oule  Eltctricit.v  Supply  Co.,  Lid. 

Mr.  Ay;mor  H.  saindf.uso.n  (chairman)  presided,  on  March  KUh 
at  Moorgate  Court,  E.G.,  over  the  annual  meeting  of  this  company. 
In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Et.kctricai.  Review, 
page  3',»t),  the  Chairman  went  through  the  various  items  in  the 
balance-sheet,  and  pointed  out  that  £1,7()1  had  been  added  to  the 
leasehold  and  special  redemption  accounts.  The  slot  meter  reserve, 
amounting  to  £2i;7!,  had  also  this  year  lieen  transferred  to  this 
account,  wliich  now  stood  at  £19,09(i.  The  lean  account  stood  at 
£30,500,  as  against  £24,000  last  year,  the  increase  being  due  to  a 
loan  from  the  bankers  for  temporary  purposes.  On  the  asset  side 
the  amount  expended  on  capital  account  stood  at  .C469,577, 
of  which  £9,371  was  spent  during  the  year.  The  amount 
actually  expended  was  .CI  1.051,  and  the  difference  was  accounted 
for  by  machinery  written  off  during  the  year  amounting  to 
£1,680.  As  in  previous  years,  the  greater  portion  of  the  expendi- 
ture had  been  on  mains  extensions,  and  this  was  inevitable  in  an 
undertaking  such  as  theirs,  as  they  had  such  an  extensive  area 
to  supply,  and  new  residential  districts  were  continually  being 
opened  up.  This,  of  course,  was  a  healthy  feature,  and  one  on 
which  they  congratulated  themselves.  As  to  the  investment  in 
the  Richmond  company,  a  loan  of  £2,200  had  been  advanced  to 
that  company  during  the  year.  The  chairman  next  dealt  in  detail 
with  the  revenue  account,  and  pointed  out  the  various  small  in- 
creases and  decreases.  There  was  an  increase  of  £2,358  in  the 
item  for  coal,  waste,  i:c.,  and  there  was  an  item  of  £174  for  the 
insurance  and  superannuation  fuad,  which,  he  thought,  was  an 
item  which  would  commend  itself  to  the  shareholders.  The  com- 
pany suffered  considerable  loss  from  the  coal  strike  and  the  transport 
workers'  strike,  in  common  with  all  otlier  electrical  supply  com- 
panies, and  the  local  Idirectors  and  Mr.  Ingram,  the  chief  engineer, 
had  a  very  anxious  time  while  the  strikes  lasted.  Xow  the  trouble 
was  over  they  had  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  the  steps  they 
took  to  cope  with  the  difiicultiea  were  the  best  they  oould  have 
taken,  and  he  was  glad  to  report  that  the  continuity  of  supply  of 
current  was  not  affected  in  the  slightest  degree.  They  estimated 
that  the  trouble  cost  them  approximately  £1,300,  which  they  might 
otherwise  have  raked  into  their  coffers,  and  could  have  need  for  pay  - 
ing  an  extra  1  per  cent,  to  the  ordinary  shareholders,  or  else  have 
utilised  to  strengthen  their  reserves.  The  repair  of  meters  cost 
them  £286  extra,  due  to  their  having  overhauled  all  the  meters  both 
in  stock  and  in  their  consumers'  premises.  Altogether,  during  the 
year  they  had  written  off  £7,309  on  various  accounts,  which  was 
equal  to  4'93  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares  of  the  company.  It 
appeared  to  him  that  their  position  might  be  summed  up  as  follows  : 
First,  they  showed  an  increase  in  the  gross  receipts  from  all  sources 
of  £5,604  over  the  previous  year.  Secondly,  £7,399  had  been 
tAdfid  to  dtpreoifttion  reaeive  and  redemption  funds.  Thirdly,  the 
naerr*  for-d«pMol«tion  nowito«d  »t  484,703,  m  ag-ftinit  431,983, 


Prospectuses. — Clf/dc  Vdllcy  Elulrical  I'liwii-  Co. — 
The  list  of  subscriptions  was  to  close  on  Wednesday,  19th  inst.,  in 
an  issue  of  30,000  6  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  shares  of  £10 
each  at  par.  The  development  of  the  business  renders  extensions 
to  generating  plant,  cables  and  sub-stations  necessary,  and  it  is  for 
providing'  capital  for  these  purposes,  for  further  extensions  in  the 
future,  and  for  the  repayment  of  temporary  loans  that  the  present 
issue  has  been  made.  The  profits  for  1910  were  £29,3li;,  for  1911 
£45,782,  and  for  1912  they  were  £54,440,  notwithstanding  coal 
strike  effects  and  consequent  dislocation  of  business. 

The  (^iibnn  Tch'phonr  Co. — The  list  was  closed  on  14th  inst. — 
earlier  than  was  expected  owing  to  its  success — in  an  offer  of 
iJl,500,000  0  per  cent,  cumulative  convertible  preferred  stock  in 
shares  of  SlOO  each  at  £19  per  'share,  equivalent  to,  say.  §;'2;.  per 
$100  share.  The  company,  which  has  already  issued  J5,0OO,00O 
common  and  $2,000,000  preferred  stock,  has  acquired  very  large 
holdings  in  the  Havana  Telephone  Co.  and  the  Havana  Subway  Co. 
The  proceeds  of  the  present  sale  of  preferred  shares  will  be  applied 
to  further  construction,  extension  and  betterments  rendered  neces- 
sary by  the  growth  of  the  company's  operations.  The  Havana  old 
telephone  system  was  superseded  at  November,  1910,  by  the  auto- 
matic, and  the  number  of  subscribers  is  now  11,494,  and  the 
ultimate  capacity  is  100,000.  The  business  and  the  receipts  are 
showing  continuous  increases.  The  concession  confers  the  right, 
without  limitation  of  time,  to  install  and  operate  a  general  and 
long-distance  telephone  system  extending  over  1,000  miles,  covering 
practically  the  entire  island  of  Cuba. 

Rhondda  TramMajs  Co..  Ltd. — The  accounts  for  the 

year  1912  show  a  balance  to  the  credit  of  the  revenue  account  of 
£18,680.  After  deducting  rent  to  the  Rhondda  U.E).C.,  debenture 
interest,  sinking  fund  for  the  redemption  of  debentures,  interest  on 
loan,  &c.,  there  remains  £2.778,  plus  £1,198  brought  forward. 
There  is  to  be  placed  to  reserve  and  renewal  account  £2,000,  carry- 
ing forward  £1.976.  It  is  estimated  that  the  profit  for  the  year 
was  adversely  affected  to  the  extent  of  at  least  £6,500  by  the 
national  coal  strike  and  by  the  strike  of  the  company's  drivers  and 
conductors  in  May.  For  the  six  months  to  .Tnne  30th,  during 
which  these  labour  troubles  prevailed  (according  to  the  Flnii::c.er) 
the  traffic  receipts  were  £19,700,  but  for  the  second  six  month.t 
they  were  £30.000.  The  company  is  promoting  a  Railless  Traction 
Bill  in  Parliament  to  enable  it  to  serve  a  larg«  and  increasing 
colliery  district  about  six  miles  from  Tonypandy. 

Dublifl  and  Lucan  Eleetrif  Raibvav  Co. — The  gross 

receipts  for  the  half-year  ended  December  Slst  are  £3.867.  being 
£93  less  than  those  of  the  corresponding  period  of  1911.  The 
expenditure  increased  by  £177. '  After  providing  for  debenture 
interest  and  paying  the  uspal  half -yearly  dividend  on  the  5  per 
cent,  pr«f«Tenoe  tharei,  4379  is  to  bt  cairi^  forward. 


488 


THE    ELECTRlCAIj    ?ZVIEW.      [Voi.  72.  No.  i,m,  mabch  21, 1918. 


Catfshead  and  District  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. 

Mr..  C.  R.  Greene  presided  on  March  13th  at  the  offices,  Kingeway, 
W.C,  over  the  annnal  meeting  of  this  company,  and  in  moving  the 
adoption  of  the  report  (see  Electrical  Review,  page  444),  he  said 
that  the  excellent  result  of  the  past  year's  working  had  constituted  a 
record.  The  protita  on  working  showed  an  increase  of  £304  over 
1911,  and  the  directors  were  in  a  position  to  recommend  the  pay- 
ment of  a  bonus  of  1  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares  in  addition 
to  the  usual  ti  per  cent,  dividend.  Traffic  receipts  showed  au 
increase  of  £."-72,  and  this  was  most  satisfactory  in  view  of  the 
labour  troubles  during  the  year.  The  company  benefited  materially 
during  the  period  of  the  coal  strike  from  the  reduced  railway 
service  in  the  districts  served  by  the  tramways,  but  when  the  strike 
was  over  the  increase  was  soon  lost,  owing  to  the  effect  of  the  strike 
on  general  trade.  Traffics,  however,  picked  up  rapirily  again 
towards  the  latter  part  of  the  year,  and  they  finished  on  December 
aist  with  an  increase  of  £.572.  The  satisfactory  expansion  in  the 
receip's  had  been  continued  in  the  current  year,  and  the  prospects 
80  far  for  the  current  year  were  good.  During  the  year  the 
company  took  the  whole  of  the  advertising  on  the  cars  under  its 
own  control,  and  the  change  had  been  satisfactory.  Turning  to 
the  other  side  of  the  revenue  account,  power  and  running  expenses 
showed  a  decrea.se  due  to  decreased  current  consumption,  to  which 
the  fittine  of  meters  on  the  cars  had  materially  conduced.  There 
were  »!  u7i'  more  car-miles  run  during  the  year.  Having  regard 
to  the  size  of  the  undertaking  and  the  work  carried  out  the 
administrative  and  general  expenses  were  on  the  low  side. 
During  the  year  the  National  Insurance  Act  came  into  opera- 
tion, and  in  future  years  this  would  cost  them  considerably 
more.  Repairs  and  maintenance  had  increased  by  £627,  due  to  the 
heavy  expenses  on  the  bodies  of  the  cars.  Most  of  the  cars  were 
now  12  years  old,  and  the  wood- work  needed  extensive  repairs. 
Nine  cars  were  constructed  during  the  year,  and  the  whole  cost  had 
been  charged  against  revenue.  Repairs  and  renewals  to  the  electric 
eqni:<ment  and  trucks  of  the  cars  had  cost  £252  less.  Permanent 
way  repairs  were  up  £142,  and  in  addition  £48.5  had  been  spent  on 
renewing  portions  of  the  track,  and  charged  against  renewals 
account.  £1,473  had  been  expended  on  the  motor-'bus  under- 
taking. Applications  had  been  received  from  time  to  time  from 
local  authorities  in  districts  adjoining  Gateshead  for  the  com- 
pany to  extend  their  tramways,  but  the  board  after  careful  con- 
sideration felt  that  this  would  not  be  profitable.  Application  had, 
however,  recently  been  received  from  the  Chester-leStreet  Urban 
District  Council  for  them  to  provide  a  regular  service  of  motor- 
'  buses  between  the  tramway  terminus  and  Low  Fell  and  Chester- 
le-Streel  On  careful  consideration  the  directors  decided  to  give 
the  servio.  and  nine  "buses  of  the  latest  type  had  been  purchased, 
and  a  gara^-o  was  in  course  of  completion  at  Chester-le-Street.  and 
it  was  hoped  to  commence  the  service  within  the  next  few  weeks. 
There  was  every  prospect  of  the  service  being  a  success, 
and  there  was  always,  in  addition,  the  traffic  brought 
by  the  omnibuses  to  the  tramways.  They  had  a  further 
advantage  in  the  form  of  the  excellent  tramway  organisation, 
which  wonld  help  to  keep  the  expenses  of  the  omnibus  department 
at  a  minimum.  There  were  other  omnibus  routes  which  the 
directors  had  under  consideration,  and  one  of  the  most  promising 
was  that  between  the  tramway  terminus  at  Felling  and  Usworth 
to  Washington.  The  Chester-le-Street  Rural  District  Council,  in 
whose  area  these  places  were  tituated,  had  approached  the  board  on 
the  matter,  and  had  provided  them  with  useful  information  and 
assistance.  As  soon  as  the  Chester-le-Street  service  was  completed,  it 
was  proposed  to  operate  an  experimental  service  from  Washington 
to  Felling.  The  "  pay-asyou-enter  '  cars  had  operated  satisfactorily 
during  the  rear,  but  owing  to  the  exceptional  influences  affecting 
the  traffic  on  the  Bensham  and  Saltwell  routes  upon  which  these 
oars  were  running,  it  had  not  been  possible  to  satisfactorily  ascer- 
tain the  effect  on  the  traffic  receipts.  The  directors,  however,  were 
satisfied  that  the  results  had  been  beneficial,  and,  as  new  cars  were 
needed  for  the  Ljwfall  route,  the  directors  had  authorised  the  con- 
struction at  the  d^pot  of  two  new  cars  on  the  "  P.A.Y.E. "  principle. 
The  directors  congratulated  the  shareholders  on  the  results  of  the 
past  year,  and.  in  the  absence  of  further  strikes  in  the  labour  world, 
«iioilar  rtisults  might  be  anticipated  for  the  current  year.  The 
general  results  of  the  undertaking  had  been  materially  assisted  by 
the  loyal  way  in  which  the  whole  of  the  staff  in  Gateshead  and  in 
London  had  worked. 

Mr.  C.  S.  B.  Hilton  seconded  the  motion,  and  it  was  carried 
without  discussion. 

The  retiring  directors  were  re-elected,  and  a  resolution  was 
carried,  on  the  motion  of  Mb.  Bower,  seconded  by  Mr.  Bowkeb, 
fixing  the  remuneration  of  the  board  for  the  year  at  £450. 


Rrompton  and  liensinjrton  Electric  Snpply 
Co.  Ltd. 

Mr.  II.  R.  Beeton  (chairman)  presided  on  March  1  Mh  at  W'inchesti  r 
flou    ,  EC,  over  the  annual  meeting  of  llii.s  company. 

Th""  Cll.\lHMAN  ill  moving  th*-  adoption  of  the  repoit  (sre 
Electri'  AL  Review,  page  444),  said  that  the  iccio.ints  revealfd 
the  satisfactory  jirigros  of  the  company's  bus'nos.  During  the 
past  year  they  coi.nected  34o  additional  <  usio.inr.",  which  was  a 
larger  number,  with  two  exceptions,  than  in  ariv  previous  year,  and 
13,147  3.5-watt  lamps,  which  was  the  large.-t  number  since  liiOtJ. 
The  sales  of  electricity  had  for  the  first  time  ex  eeded  5,000,000 
tinitii.    The  income  therefrom  was  £66,348  being  an  increase  of 


£1,618,  whilst  the  expenditure  had  amounted  to  £23,170,  being  a 
decrease  of  £868,  thus  showing  an  increased  profit  of  £2,486  over 
the  previous  year.  This  result  was  largely  due  to  the  fact  that, 
owing  to  the  more  economical  plant  they  now  had  in  operation, 
they  had  consumed  1,820  tons  less  coal,  and  had  thus  been  able  to 
save  £478,  notwithstanding  that,  owing  to  the  strike,  they  had  had 
to  pay  about  Is.  per  ton  more.  But  for  the  introduction  of  the 
turbine  plant  their  coal  cost  last  year  would  probably  have  Ijeen 
£2,000  in  excees  of  what  it  actually  was.  The  growth  of  business 
had  at  length  overtaken  the  reduction  in  demand  which  the 
metallic-filament  lamp  entailed  upon  them,  to  the  advan; 
tage  of  their  customers,  and  the  gross  and  net  receipts  once  more 
constituted  a  record  in  the  company's  history.  In  a  purely  resi- 
dential district  and  at  a  pressure  of  100  volts,  as  in  their  case, 
the  metallic-lilamcnt  lamp  found  its  most  profitable  field,  and  he 
thought  they  might  assume  that  the  invention  in  its  present  stage 
of  development  had  reached  its  full  application  in  their  area.  In 
other  words,  they  had  not  only  been  called  upon  to  bear,  but  they 
had  now  faced,  the  f»ll  brunt  of  the  metallic-filament  lamp,  and  it 
would  be  interesting,  therefore,  to  compare  their  position  now  with 
the  position  in  1907,  before  the  advent  of  this  current-saving 
device.  Broadly  stated,  the  position  was  that  although  they  were 
now  selling  rather  more  current  than  in  1907.  they  were  supply- 
ing about  30  per  cent,  more  customers  a'nd  lamps,  and  at  the  same 
time  the  maximum  demand  for  current  which  they  were  called 
upon  to  supply  at  any  time  was  actually  less  by  more  than  Id  per 
■cent.  From  this  it  followed  that,  inasmuch  as  their  maximum 
demand  determined  the  extent  of  the  plant  they  reciuired,  they  had 
now  a  larger  reserve  of  plant  to  meet  future  expansion  of  business 
and  that  the  smaller  extent  of  plant  required  was  more  fully,  and, 
therefore,  more  profitably  employed.  In  short,  their  "load  factor, 
as  it  was  technically  called,  which  was  the  measure  of  the  profit- 
able character  of  their  production,  ha<J  risen  from  IC  per  cent, 
to  ISi  per  cent.  It  was  to  the  use  of  electrical  accessories,  which 
they  had  assiduously  fostered  of  iate  years,  that  this  improvement 
was  due,  and  as  such  use  extended,  as  it  assuredlyl  would,  this 
favourable  tendency  would  continue.  Moreover,  not  only  did  they 
now  require  leas  plant  to  do  the  same  business,  but  the  plant 
installed  was  so  much  more  economical  than  that  which  was 
installed  five  years  ago,  that  they  could  now  produce  the  same 
quantity  of  current  at  more  than  10  per  cent,  less  cost.  This  relief 
from  additional  capital  expenditure,  in  conjunction  with  the 
accumulated  profits  in  the  interval,  had  enabled  them  to  substitute 
up-to-date  for  obsolete  plant  to  the  extent  of  about  £:!0,000  and  at 
the  same  time  U>  inorea.se  thelir  reserve  funds  bv  another  £30,000. 
On  the  basis  of  the  appropriations  which  they  now  recommended, 
their  reserxes  and  undistributed  balances  would  amount  to  upwards 
of  £120,000,  or  60  percent. of  their  subscribed  capital,  and  the  radical 
demolitions  of  plant  shown  in  the  depreciation  account  of  last 
year  would  permit  of  a  reduced  appropriation  of  this  nature  in  the 
near  future.  'In  order  to  maintain  their  prosperity  in  a  progressive 
industry,  such  as  that  in  which  they  were  engaged,  tluy  were 
obliged  to  keep  up  with  the  latest  developments,  and 
since  they  last  met  them  the  board  had  continued  to  be 
actively  engaged  in  the  study  of  electric  cooking  through 
the  agency  of  the  Accessories  Co.  As  he  had  occasion  to 
tell  them  last  year,  they  looked  for  considerable  improvement  iu 
supply  from  this  source,  and  at  the  same  time  they  were  confirmed 
in  the  expectation  that  they  might  be  able  to  turn  to  profitable 
account  the  experience  they  had  gained  in  the  development  of 
cooking  appliances.  To  this  end,  and  by  way  of  demonstrating  the 
advantages,  and  especially  the  reliability,  of  electric  cooking,  the 
Accessories  Co.  was  opening  the  first  all-electric  restaurant  in 
London,  on  premises  adjoining  their  showrooms,  at  an  early  date. 
They  did  not  conceal  from  themselves  that  there  was  a  speculative 
element  in  this  departure,  but  even  so,  it  was  one  which  tneir 
surplus  resources  justified  them  in  entering  upon.  So  far  as  they 
could  judge  of  the  prospects  for  the  current  year,  they  looked 
forward  to  at  least  as  satisfactory  results  as  those  they  had  achieved 
in  the  year  now  under  review. 

Mu.  W.  R.  Davies  seconded  the  motion. 

Dr.  Berkwell  asked  how  the  cost  of  electric  cooking  compared 
with  that  of  gas. 

The  Chairman  said  that  it  was  difficult  to  give  an  answer  to 
the  question  without  causing  some  misapprehension.  It  depended 
largely  on  the  cost  of  current ;  just  as  electric  lighting  progressively 
declined  in  cost,  so  could  electric  cooking.  The  tact  was  that 
experience  showed  that  electric  cooking  was  a  vastly  superior  form 
of  cooking,  and  had  advantages  associated  with  it  which  did  not 
exist  in  the  case  of  gas  or  coal.  He  believed  it  would  grow  to 
such  an  extent,  that  eventually  they  would  derive  a  greater  revenue 
fr.im  cooking  than  from  lighting. 

Mr.  Fox  having  congratulated  the  company  on  the  enterprising 
manner  in  which  it  had  encouraged  the  use  of  electricity  for 
domestic  purposes. 

The  report  was  adopted. 

The  retiring  director,  Mr.  Davies,  was  re-elected,  and  the  meeting 
closed  with  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  board. 


Stewarts  A.  Llojd.v.  Ltd.--'J  he  <Ji^ecUJl^  alter  setLuif^ 
aside  £100  000  for  depre.iation,  recommend,  subject  to  audit  (says 
the  1  inane lal  ,A((r.»),  the  usual  dividend  of  10  per  cent,  on  the  pre- 
ferred ordinary  shares  and  a  dividend  of  Is.  Cd  per  share  on  the 
deferred  share?,  placing  £50,000  to  reserve,  and  carrying  forward 
£90,000.  Last  year  Is.  per  share  was  paid  on  the  deferred  shares, 
£70,000  each  applied  to  both  depreciation  and  reserve,  and  £66,600 
carried  forward. 


Vol.  72.  No.  1,843,  mahoh  21,  191.S.]      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


489 


City  of  London  Electric  LiKlitiug;  Co.,  Ltd. 

Mr.  J.  B.  BuAiTiiwAiTK  (chairman)  preHidoil  on  VVcdnemloy  laHtwcik, 
at  Sali»bury  House,  KX!.,  over  the  annual  me«ain>r  of  thiH  company. 
The  (;iiAlHMAN,  in  proposinij  the  adoption  of  the  report  (nee. 
Ki.k<;tkk;ai,  Revikw,  p.  400),  Haid  that  so  far  an  their  IiukIiichh  wnH 
concerned  the  year  had  been  a  normal  one.  The  capital  expendi- 
ture, £45,r)tiH,  wan  almost  identical  for  the  laot  two  years,  and  thi- 
whole  of  thin  hail,  in  accordance  with  the  prnclice  of  Bome  yearH 
past,  been  provided  out  of  revenue  :  so  that  then  had  been  no  occa- 
Bion  to  make  any  adilitional  iiwue  of  capital.  L)urin(c  the  year  the 
completion  of  further  turbine  trcneratinu  plant  had  relea«e<l  the 
greater  portion  of  the  old  alternating  current  plant,  which,  althon(»-h 
seldom  used  had  been  retained  as  a  reserve.  They  had,  therefore, 
disposed  of  it,  and  had  entirely  written  it  off.  This  accounted  for 
the  fact  that  £191,150  had  been  written  off  plant,  as  compared  with 
*45,000  a  year  au'o.  The  fact  wa.i  that  they  had  now  written  off 
and  scrapped  the  second  treneration  of  their  Reneratinpr  plant,  if  hi' 
mipfht  use  such  an  e.xpression  :  the  first  plant  put  in  in  IHiM  had 
di8apj)eared  from  their  station  for  some  years,  and  had  been  entirely 
written  off,  and  now  they  had  removed  the  last  remains  of  the 
second  greneration  of  gcneratin)?  plant  altogether,  and  there  was 
nothing  in  their  station  now  except  comparatively  modern  plant, 
although,  of  course  there  wns  plant  which  in  dui>  time  would  ripi'n 
for  removal,  and  then  from  year  to  year  they  would  put  in  more 
and  more  modern  plant.  It  was  the  adoption  of  this  policy  which 
had  enabled  them  to  pay  increasinfr  dividends.  The  result  of  the 
writing  off  that  year  would  be  that  the  total  reserve  fund<( 
would  now  show  the  figure  of  £240,000,  as  against  £S77.127 
a  year  ago.  This  was  afterplacing  the  increased  amount  of  £60,000 
to  the  depreciation  reserve.  As  to  thfl  reserve  they  had 
experienced  an  advance  almost  identical  with  that  of  last  year. 
Last  year  the  revenue  showed  an  increase  of  £9,455,  and  this  year 
it  showed  a  further  increase  of  £9,035,  so  that  during  the  last  two 
years,  their  revenue  had  increased  to  the  extent  of  £18,500.  Last 
year  out  of  the  increase  of  £9,000,  they  were  able  to  retain  over 
£5,000  net.  This  year  they  would  have  done  equally  well  had  it 
not  been  for  the  coal  strike  and  the  transport  strike,  which 
materially  interfered  with  their  coal  supplies,  and  also  had  the 
effect  of  raising  the  prices  of  coal  ;  the  rise  was  still  continuing. 
On  account  of  these  strikes  they  had  to  pay  £4.194  additional  for 
coal.  They  had  also  this  year  felt  the  full  effect  of  the 
quinquennial  valuation,  resulting  in  a  further  rncrease  of  the  rates 
of  £882.  These,  and  other  items  had  increased  their  expenses 
altogether  by  £7,220,  so  that  of  the  £9,000  increased  revenue,  they 
had  only  been  able  to  retain  £1,850  as  net.  In  the  report  they  had 
set  out  how  it  was  proposed  to  dispose  of  the  balance  available,  and 
he  would  only  call  attention  to  one  item,  viz.,  contribution  to 
employes'  provident  fund,  and  under  the  National  Insurance  Act, 
£1,804.  In  1902  the  shareholders  gave  them  authority  to  become 
contributors  to  the  British  Electrical  Superannuation  Fund,  but 
the  constitution  of  that  fund  did  not  appeal  to  a  large  portion  of  the 
staff,  and  up  to  1911  the  company  were  never  called  on  to  contribute 
more  than  £400  a  year,  and  owing  to  various  circumstances  the 
board  had  thought  it  well  to  withdraw  from  that  fund,  and  had 
decided  to  establish  a  staff  provident  fund  of  their  own,  which  was 
greatly  appreciated  by  their  staff,  and  there  were  now  140  members 
contributing  to  it.  Their  contributions  for  that  fund  this  year 
would  amount  to  £1,800.  and  he  thought  the  shareholders  would 
agree  that  no  portion  of  their  expenditure  was  more  wise 
than  that  which  went  to  make  proper  provision  for  the  loyal 
and  faithful  members  of  their  staff,  who  earned  their  dividends, 
when  in  due  course  their  places  would  be  taken  by  younger  men. 
Therefore  he  anticipated  that  the  resolution  he  was  going  to  ask 
them  to  pass  could  be  passed  unanimously,  giving  approval  to  the 
scheme  they  had  set  on  foot.  They  had  made  further  progress  in 
reducing  the  loan  to  their  bankers  and  generally  improved  their 
financial  position.  Whereas,  the  bankers'  loan  stood  last  year  at 
£85,000,  it  had  now  been  reduced  to  £59,000.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  amount  due  to  their  creditors  was  about  £12,000  more,  and 
investments  were  £4,000  les^,  so  that  the  financial  position  showed  a 
net  improvement  of  £10,000  in  the  course  of  the  year.  With 
regard  to  public  lighting  there  was  nothing  fresh  to  report  beyond 
what  was  mentioned  last  year,  that  an  agreement  had  been  come  to 
with  the  Corporation  by  which  the  public  lighting  in  the  City 
would  be  approximately  divided  between  the  Gas  Co.  and  the 
Electric  Lighting  Co.  In  the  report  there  were  some  particulars 
given  with  rega>d  to  the  right  of  the  Corporation  to  purchase  their 
undertaking  in  1914.  So  far  as  he  was  aware  the  Corporation 
had  no  intention  of  exercising  that  right.  That  v.&s  to  say  they 
had  received  no  communication  from  them  which  would  lead  them 
to  suppose  thev  had,  but,  of  course,  their  right  did  not  arise  until 
next  year.  He  merely  said  that  because  there  had  been  rumours 
in  the  papers  that  the  Corporation  were  actually  considering  the 
question  and  that  negotiations  had  been  entered  into.  Nothing  of 
the  kind  had  taken  place  at  all.  and  he  had  no  reason  to  believe 
they  had  any  intention  of  exercising  their  right  of 
purihn'e.  It  was  fair,  however,  that  he  should  say 
that  if  the  Corpoiation  did  not  exercise  their  right  next  year 
the  right  would  entirely  lapse.  Under  the  recently  passed 
E'ectric  Lighting  Act  the  County  Council  became  the  ultimate  pur- 
chasing authority  of  all  the  electric  supply  undertakings  of  London 
in  1931  ;  and  that  being  the  case,  unless  the  Corporation  exercised 
their  right  next  year,  the  view  of  the  company  was  that  their  right 
lapsed  entirely.  The  average  price  rei  tiveu  lor  current  was  still 
slightly  on  the  dcwn  grade,  and  they  received  an  average  of  2'37d. 
per  unit,  as  again.-t  2  39il.,  which,  of  course,  was  an  answer  to 
people  who  said  they  overcharged  for  current.  The  number  of  con- 
sumers being  suppliedshowedanincreaseoflSSover  1911,  and  thenum- 
ber  of  KW.  connected  showed  an  increase  of  2,029,  so  that  evidently 


the  City,  an  a  field  of  nlcctrir»l  mipply,  was  by  no  ineanii  rxhmuntod. 
They  got  a  couHiderablc  numlicr  of  applicationn  (or  c<>nn«<:tlonii, 
and  one  could  only  hupinjim;  that  the  uiie  of  electricity  wan  extendiiiK 
in  all  directionii.  Thorn  wan  Htill,  he  thought,  a  conniflcrable  field 
for  it«  use  for  heating  in  varioun  directioni*.  and  he  anticipated  that 
they  would  see  a  conHidcruble  growth  in  that  w>nr<:e  of  revenue  in 
future  years.  Apparatus  wan  now  nupplied  at  a  very  low  rate, 
which  enabled  the  occupier  of  any  office  in  the  City  U,  have  all  the 
facilities  of  hot  water  and  that  sort  of  thing  for  a  very  small 
expenditure  of  money.  'I  hty  mu»t  look  forward  in  the  future  to  « 
gradual  and  Mtea<ly  growth  of  their  load,  and  also,  he  hoped,  in  the 
results  to  the  company.  This  year  the  Vxjard  recommended  a  bonus 
of  an  extra  I  per  cent,  out  of  the  dividend  e(|ualisation  account  they 
started  some  years  ago  to  make  proviiion  for  a  pocnible  drop  in 
their  revenue,  due  to  the  introduetiim  of  the  metullic-filament 
lamp.  So  far  a.H  they  could  judge,  that  danger  no 
longer  existed,  and  therefore  they  felt  justified  in  distributing 
half  the  fund  by  way  of  a  lx)nuH  of  I  f>er  cent.,  which  would  make 
the  dividend  for  the  year  9  per  cent.  On  previous  occasions  they 
had  never  made  an  advance  in  their  dividend  unless  they  saw  their 
way,  humanly  speaking,  to  maintain  it,  and  he  need  not  say  that 
the  same  consideration  had  been  present  in  their  minds  on  thia 
occasion. 

Mr.  F.  W.  Reynolds  seconded  the  motion 

Mr.  Hedgks  asked  if  there  were  any  particular  terms  on  which 
the  Corporation  would  acquire  them  if  they  exercised  their  righta, 
and  whether  the  lioard  considered  it  would  be  to  the  advantaf^e  or 
otherwise  of  the  company  to  be  bought  out. 

The  Chaib.max  said  the  Corporation  would  have  to  buy  them  as 
a  going  concern,  with  payments  for  goodwill  and  all  the  rest  of 
it.  He  did  not  know  that  he  ought  to  be  asked  to  express  an 
opinion  as  to  whether  it  would  be  to  the  company  s  advantage 
to  be  bought  out.  That  would  depend  on  the  arbitrator.  They 
were  quite  content  with  their  undertaking,  but,  of  course,  seeing  that 
they  were  paying  9  per  cent.,  the  City  would  be  able  to  raise  money 
much  cheaper  and  probably  make  something  towards  the  rates. 

The  report  was  then  adopted,  and  resolutions  were  also  carried 
re-electing  the  retiring  director  and  approving  of  the  action  of  the 
directors  in  forming  a  Staff  Benefit  Fund. 


Cambridge    Electric    Sapplj    Co.,    Ltd.  —  Mr.    D. 

Mnnsey  presided  at  the  annual  meeting  held  in  February,  and  in 
presenting  the  report  (see  Electbical  Review,  page  314)  he 
said  that  the  year  had  been  a  very  successful  one.  They  had  sold 
110,000  more  units  than  in  1911  (lighting  increase,  83,000  units; 
power,  27,000  units).  The  extension  of  business  had  been  going 
on  in  all  directions,  and  their  extra  profit  was  £1,400,  out  of  which 
an  extra  £750  would  be  put  to  depreciation  account,  and  i  per 
cent,  more  would  be  paid  in  dividend.  Their  depreciation  addition 
for  the  year,  £3,;>00,  wa#iiot  too  much.  They  not  only  had  coal 
enough  to  last  through  the  whole  of  the  strike,  but  could  have 
lasted  another  four  or  five  weeks.  Mr.  A.  A.  C.  Swinton  seconded, 
and  the  report  was  adopted,  and  the  dividend  of  5i  per  cent, 
declared.  There  was  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  staff,  the  chairman 
specially  mentioning  Mr,  R.  C.  Pierce  (the  engineer-)  and  Mr.  J.  H. 
Taylor  (the  secretary). 

Australia. — According  to  the  Australian-  Mminy 
standard  the  Electric  Light  and  Power  Supply  Corporation, 
Ltd.,  Balmain  (N.S.W.),  for  the  half-year  ended  December 
3lBt,  made  a  profit  of  £6,006,  of  which  after  deduction 
of  interest  on  debentures,  there  remained  £3,505.  A  dividend 
at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum  absorbed  £1,505,  suspense* 
and  preliminary  expenses  account,  £1,000,  depreciation  £865. 
The  private  consumers  totalled  1,203,  an  increase  of  563  for  the 
year.  Portions  of  the  new  2,000-h.p.  turbo-generator  were  delivered 
early  in  the  year  1913,  and  it  is  expected  that  it  will  be  in  operation 
before  the  capacity  of  the  present  machinery  is  reached.  Owing  to 
the  increase  in  population  in  Balmain,  a  larger  quantity  of  garbage 
was  collected,  and  it  was  found  advisable  to  provide  for  the  garbage 
being  burnt  in  one  shift  per  day  by  installing  an  additional  cell  ; 
this  is  completed  and  working  satisfactorily, 

Davis  &  Timmins,  Ltd. — At  the  annual  meeting  held 

at  King's  Cross  last  Friday,  Sir  Henry  Mance,  in  moving  the 
adoption  of  the  report,  referred  to  its  satisfactory  nature.  Last 
year  he  informed  them  that  the  bonus,  in  addition  to  their  ^  per 
cent.,  would  be  5  per  cent.,  and  this  year  they  were  justified  in 
recommending  that  it  be  10  per  cent.  This  was  a  record.  In  12  or 
13  years,  though  the  capital  was  only  £107,000,  they  had  paid  to 
shareholders  in  dividends  £109,000.  In  1912  business  was 
remarkably  good.  Increased  business  had  necessitated  increased 
machinery,  and  no  expense  was  spared  to  keep  the  latter  up  to  date. 
Stock  items  were,  of  course,  larger  on  account  of  the  increased 
volume  of  business.  In  regard  to  prospects,  judging  from  the  two 
months'  working  so  far,  they  had  no  reason  to  think  that  1913 
would  be  any  worse  than  191J.  The  works  were  full  of  work. 
The  chairman  thanked  the  energetic  managing  director,  Mr.  G.  E. 
Davis,  and  the  staff,  for  the  excellent  service  rendered  duriogr  the 
year.     The  report  was  adopted. 

Mirrlees    Watson    &    Co.,   Ltd. — The  directors  state 

that  the  balance  at  credit  of  profit  and  loss  account  for  1912.  after 
providing  for  depreciation  and  directors'  fees,  amounts  to  £32.719. 
plus  £2,478  brought  forward.  The  directors  reconimeud  a  dividend 
of  10  per  cent,  and  a  bonus  of  5  per  cent.,  less  income-tax,  and  that 
£12,500  be  transferred  to  the  general  reserve  aooonnt,  £6,042  being 
carried  forward. 


490 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Vowa.  No.  i,84a,  mabcb  21,  isia. 


Greenock  and  Port  Glasgow  Tramways  Co,,  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  that  the  total  revenue  for  1912  was  £43,383. 
The  traffic  receipts,  which  amounted  to  £42,214,  show  an  increase 
of  £4,267.  After  providing  for  all  expenses  chargeable  to  revenue, 
including  £2  137  for  interest,  paymentn  to  Corporations  amounting 
to  £1,448  and  setting;  aside  £4,000  to  the  renewaU  account  there 
waa  a  surplus  on  the  year  s  working  of  H  13j29t),  plus  £  1,072  brought 
forward.  The  diriLrtorn  propose  to  put  to  reserve  sinking  fund  for 
loan  redemption  £1,7  73,  to  reserve  £1,200,  to  pay  .I  per  cent,  per 
annum  on  the  preferoni'e  shares  £3,500,  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of 
ti  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary  shares  £i;,<J0O,  leaving  £'.t9i; 
to  be  carried  forward.  The  capital  expenditure  during  the  year 
amounted  to  £2,. "liU,  the  greater  portion  of  which  was  in  connec- 
tion with  the  purchase  of  motor-omnibuses.  The  directors  believe 
that  with  the  reliable  vehiolea  now  available  there  is  scope  for  a 
profitable  service  of  motor-omnibuses  in  the  Greenock  district,  and 
a  service  will  be  commenced  in  the  early  spring  of  the  present 
year,  for  which  (purpose  six  chassis  of  the  latest  type  have  been 
arranged  for.  The  continued  activity  of  the  trade  in  the  district 
is  reflected  in  the  satisfactory  increase  in  the  traffic  receipts,  and 
there  are  indications  that  equally  good  results  will  be  experienced 
during  the  present  year. 

lyii.  i^ii. 


Miles  open  —Routes  mile- 
Single  line        

Double  line       

Passengers  carried    .  

Average  receipts  per  passenger 

Average  working  expenditure  per  passenger 
Proportion  of  working  expenses  to  receipts 
Cars  working 


■81 


■81 


6'61  0-01 

9,286,876  10,493  274 

•97d.  Md. 

•60d.  -Sid. 

51-2  %  53  % 

48  m 


0.\lord  Klectric  Co..  Ltd. 

.'^iR  Henkv  Manck  presided  at  the  annual  meeting  on  March  7th. 
and  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report(see  Elkctrical  Review, 
page  359"),  he  referred,  first  of  all,  to  the  death  of  Sir  J.  Irving 
Tourtenay,  a  director  of  the  company  since  its  inception.  The 
chairman's  observations  respecting  the  accounts  were  then  read  by 
the  secretary,  after  which  Sir  Henry,  in  referring  to  general 
matters,  said  that  at  the  close  of  the  coal  strike  they  still  had  a 
month  or  six  weeks'  supply  of  fuel  in  hand.  The  result  wa?,  of 
course,  unfavourable  to  their  coal  figures  ;  but  thanks  to  the  partial 
assistance  of  the  Diesel  engine,  which  they  had  had  running  for 
some  months,  the  figures  were  just  as  good  as  in  the  previous  year. 
They  had  learned  the  wisdom  of  not  being  dependent  upon  a  par- 
ticular kind  of  coal  or  fuel,  and  they  could  get  some  by  water  and 
some  by  rail.  The  Shops  Closing  Act  had  had  a  noticeable  eft'tct 
on  revenue  derived  from  shopping  districts  ;  but,  perhaps,  the  most 
important  thing  against  them  had  been  the  metallic-filament  lamp. 
They  had,  however,  now  touched  bottom  i«  this  respect.  They  had 
added  HO  new  consumers,  including  some  of  the  college  buildings, 
A:c.  The  equivalent  of  10,000  lamps  had  been  connected  to  the 
mains.  They  were  hoping  for  a  more  rapid  increase  in  the  electric 
cooking  business:  appliances  had  been  steadily  improved,  but  the 
great  difficulty  was  the  objection  of  the  cooks.  They  had  been 
brought  up  to  use  coal,  and  did  not  like  to  try  anything  strange. 
In  regard  to  the  tramways,  if  the  proposals  now  before  the  City 
Council  did  not  succeed,  he  thought  the  alternative  for  tramways 
was  self-contained  traction  cars,  which  had  answered  very  well  in 
other  parts  of  the  world.  What,  he  thought,  was  wanted  was  a 
new  battery — one  durable,  reliable  and  cheap — that  would  do  for 
electric  traction  what  the  metallic-filament  lamp  had  done  for 
•electric  lighting. 

The  report  was  adopted,  and  Prof.  T.  L.  Bullock  was  elected  a 
director. 

The  meeting  closed  with  thanks  and  best  wishes  to  Sir  Henry 
Mance,  who  has  lieen  associated  with  the  company  for  20  years. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Saturday  Morning, 
Makkeis  round  the  Stock  Exchange  threw  off  some  of  their 
depression  after  the  conclusion  of  the  settlement.  It  happens 
generally  that  prices  are  advanced  on  the  eve  of  a  holiday,  this 
being  one  way  in  which  the  incurable  optimism  of  the  Stock 
Exchange  asserts  itself  year  after  year.  Prices,  moreover,  had  had 
a  very  considerable  fall,  and  it  was  time  that  there  should  be  some 
kind  of  upward  reaction,  for  no  small  part  of  the  decline  was  due  t.j 
the  simple  process  of  marking  down  qnotationa,  irrespective  of  any 
sales  taking  place. 

The  UoiM  Ilailway  market  presented  a  firm  front,  on  the 
luisumption  that  prices  here  had  reached  levels  which  discounted  a 
good  deal  of  trouble.  Taking  the  list  through,  a  good  selection 
of  I'.ritish  railway  stocks  can  be  bought  to  yield  from  5  to  5}  per 
cent,  on  the  money,  and  such  returns  cannot  be  ignored,  even  in 
times  like  these.  The  Undergrounds  are  somewhat  overlooked  in 
the  better  feelingf  that  prevails  In  the  market  as  a  whole,  though 
DlitrfeU  rallied  to  61i,  and  Metropolitans  to  Bli.    Bnnlnefii  hkfi 


been  done  In  Central  London  Ordinary  up  to  792,  and  It  would 
require  very  little  demand  to  put  the  Central  London  trio 
substantially  better.  A  fair  amount  of  speculation  in  East  London 
is  a  feature  amongst  the  lower-priced  issues,  bullishness  having 
been  fanned  by  irresponsible  whispers  that  the  stock  was  being 
bought  up  bv  some  of  the  powerful  interests  connected  with  what 
has  been  called  the  Traffic  Trust. 

Eoglish  Klectric  .'Supply  shares  are  now  uiostly  <.(  their  spring 
dividends,  and  on  Thursday  last,  dividend  deductions  were  made 
from  County  of  London,  City  of  London,  Chelsea,  Charing  Cross, 
Oxford,  Kensington,  and  London  shares.  Cities  are  f.i-  12s.,  this 
being  the  dividend  and  bonus.  It  will  be  seen  from  our  lists  over- 
leaf that  the  return  on  the  Ordinary  shares  of  the  principal  electric 
lighting  companies  is  now  round  about  5i  per  cent,  on  the  money  ; 
and  if  it  were  not  for  the  uncertainty  attaching  to  the  prospect  of 
what  may  happen  to  the  companies  in  1931,  it  is  safe  to  assume 
that  prices  would  stand  considerably  higher.  As  things  are,  how- 
ever, brokers  scarcely  like  to  recommendi  the  shares  for  investment, 
having  regard  to  the  obscurity  of  the  prospect.  Could  this  be 
lightened  in  any  way,  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  electric 
lighting  group  would  become  a  great  deal  more  popular  than  it  is  at 
])resent. 

In  the  Latin -Canadian  department,  it  is  increasingly  evident 
that  South  American  undertakings  require  ever  more  'and  more 
capital  to  m'^et  their  need  of  expansion.  The  railway  companies 
are  the  principal  claimants,  but  their  appeals  for  money  react  upon 
the  shares  in  the  utility  concerns  as  well  as  those  which  are  more 
directly  concerned  with  their  own  industry. 

The  position  in  Mexico  is  still  far  from  settled,  and  although  it 
is  generally  assumed  that  the  worst  has  been  seen  in  that  country, 
there  is  still  a  possibility  to  be  reckoned  with  of  some  fresh,  un- 
expected outbreak.  Mexican  Light  and  Power  Seconds  are  easier, 
and  there  has  been  a  little  selling  of  Mexico  Tramway  bonds,  but 
there  is  not  much  (juotable  change  in  the  rest  of  the  Mexican 
securities.  Pao  Paulo  Trams  went  back  a  little,  the  loss  being 
picked  up,  however,  by  Sao  Panic  Klectric  Fives.  Rio  bonds  are 
steady.  Shawinigans  are  a  point  down,  and  Montreal  Common 
shares  at  227i  show  a  fall  of  3. 

We  took  the  opportunity  of  having  a  long  talk  the  other  day 
with  a  gentleman,  back  a  fortnight  ago  from  the  United  States, 
who  spent  a  day  on  the  property  of  the  Mississippi  Light  and 
Power  Company,  and  he  bore  emphatic  testimony  to  the  wonderful 
piece  of  engineering  work  that  has  just  been  accomplished.  We 
understand  that  the  machinery  is  all  but  ready  to  commence  work, 
and  the  result  of  the  operations  will  be  watched  with  Intense 
interest.  The  Company's  Common  shares  have  recently  fallen  to 
the  neighbourhood  of  50  :  and  while  the  Stock  Exchange  remains 
so  non-commercial  and  unenterprising  as  at  present,  it  is  not  likely 
that  there  will  be  much  revival  in  the  price.  Quiet  business, 
however,  is  being  done  in  the  5  per  cent,  bonds  at  90J. 

Remembrance  of  the  Georgia  Light  and  Power  episode  is  still 
with  us,  and  those  who  bought  the  shares  when  they  were  run  up 
to  about  4  7  upon  anticipation  of  a  4  per  cent,  dividend  are  not 
likely  to  pay  much  heed  to  the  renewed  talk  of  a  distribution  being 
made  in  the  near  future.  Such  rumours  are  afloat,  however  ;  and 
while  we  should  hesitate  to  place  much  reliance  upon  them,  they 
are  certainly  of  interest.  Of  course,  if  the  Company  should  pay  a 
dividend  this  spring,  it  will  certainly  provide  a  very  pleasant  dis- 
appointment to  many  of  the  proprietors.  The  price  of  the  shares 
keeps  steady  at  about  39,  while  Alabamas  at  44  are  equally 
stagnant. 

The  Cuban  Telephone  issue  of  ti  per  cent.  Preferred  stock,  to  whose 
advent  we  referred  two  or  three  weeks  ago,  has  now  been  made, 
and  the  security  looks  good,  while  the  price  of  92^.  cannot  Imj  called 
excessive.  The  Melbourne  5  per  cent.  Debenture  stock,  which  came 
out  last  week  at  93},  was,  we  believe,  fully  subscribed,  but  the  lists 
have  to  be  kept  open  a  few  days  longer  for  the  Australian  subscrip- 
tions. There  are  buyers  of  the  scrip  in  the  market  at  1  premium 
for  cash. 

National  Telephone  Deferred  is  quoted  at  19i  rr  the  76  per  cent, 
return  that  was  made  to  proprietors  ot  Thursday  last,  but  the  reduc- 
tion in  the  price  of  the  stock  has  not  stimulated  speculation  to  any 
extent.  On  the  other  hand,  Marconis  have  started  into  fresh  life 
upon  covering  by  the  bears.  Such,  at  least,  is  the  Stock  Exchange 
theory  to  explain  the  demand,  though  whether  it  is  the  conect 
reason  for  the  improvement  or  not,  it  is  diflicult  to  say.  in  view  of 
the  very  stiff  contango  rate  charged  on  the  shares  last  Tuesday. 
The  price  at  4^  shows  a  rise  of  i>^.  while  the  Preference  shares  are 
i  higher.     West  India  and  Panama  shares  went  back  to  3. 

The  Anglo-American  group  is  unchanged,  but  the  market  is 
watching  somewhat  narrowly  for  manifestations  of  the  new 
President's  probable  policy  in  regard  to  trusts.  To  judge  from  hia 
first  efforts,  Dr.  Woodrow  Wilson  is  likely  to  be  at  least  as  erratic 
as  was  his  famous  predecessor-before-last.  Globe  Telegraph  Trust 
shares  rose  i  over  and  above  the  dividend  deduction  at  2s,  The 
Mackay  issues  are  ex  dividend,  allowing  for  which  there  is  little 
change  in  the  quotations  United  River  Plate  Telephone  Preference 
have  been  in  some  demand,  and  Oriental  Telephones  hardened, 
while  Telephone  of  Egypt  4  per  cent.  Debenture  «tock  la  a 
point  up. 

The  Manufacturing  division  is  quiet,  though  there  is  much  talk 
of  the  strong  accession  of  business  which  the  companies  are 
declared  to  have  gained  liy  reason  of  the  trade  boom.  The  market 
lor  raw  rubber  remains  steady  at  about  38.  lid.  |>er  lb.  Many  of 
those  who  have  been  watching  it,  express  disappointment  at  the 
failure  of  the  commodity  to  improve  in  price,  but  the  steady  way 
in  which  large  supplies  of  rubber  come  forward  every  fortnight 
at  the  Mincing  Lane  auction  sales  is  sufficient  reason  to  account 
for  the  diainclination  of  consumcTS  to  buy  mote  than  they  require 
for  their  iniaedlat«  purpoMt. 


Toi.72.   No.  i,si:t,MAi«;M2i,  i!m;..|       TlIK    K LECTRICAL    UEVr.'LW. 


491 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELEOTRIOAL     OOMPANIZB. 


ENeUHH    ELECTRICITY    SUPPLY    AND   POWER   COMPANIES. 


Boarnamontta  A  Poole,  Ord,    . . 

Do.    4J%Pro( 

Do,     Bcooml  H  %  Prof. 

Do.    4J  %  Deb.  Hlook  . . 
Brompton  it  KenHlnRtoo,  Ord... 

Do.     7  %  Cum.  Prot 

Oeutrkl   Blootrlo  Supply,  i  %\ 

Quar.  Deb,  I 

Obaring  Orons,  Woat  End  A  Olty 

Do.    44%  Cum.  Prot 

Do,     "  City     Undort»klng  " ) 
4i  %  0am.  Pret.  J 

Do.  Do,  4%  Deb 

Oheliea,  Ord 

Do,    4J%Deb 

Olty  of  tondon,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Oum.  Prel 

Do.    6%  Deb ;. 

Do.    4}  %  Beoond  Deb. 
Ooonty  o(  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%Pref 

Do.    4}%  Deb 

Do,    4}  %  Beoond  Deb. 
Edmondaon's,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Oum.  Pref 

Do.    6%  NonCnm.  Pref.      . . 

Do,    44  %  Flret  Mort,  Deb.  . . 
Folkestone 

Do.    6%  Com,  Prel 

Do.    44%  First  Deb 

Hove 


Btook 

6 

6 

100 

6 

e 

6 

100 

6 

Stock 

10 

10 

Stock 

100 

10 

10 

Btook 

Btnok 

:e3 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 


10 


a 


44  I     44 


OIOBlng 

RlH) 

Present 

QuolKtlons 

+  or 

Yield 

Miir.  IStli. 

Fall 

p,o. 

4  1.  d. 

9—101 

6    4    9 

8  -   gj^ 

4  14    0 

9  -  lOi 

B  17    I 

9«  -  98 

4  11  10 

Hi-    »il 
8J—    9 

6    6    8 

a  17    9 

95  —  98 

4    1    8 

48-    42  xd 

5    2    7 

4-  4 

4  14    9 

ai-    48 

6  a  10 

91*-  984 
44-     5xd 

4    6    7 

6    0    0 

9C  -  99 

4  10  11 

16  -  174  xd 

6    2  10 

12  —  18  xd 

4  10    7 

116  -120 

4    8    4 

100  -102 

4    8    8 

U  -  114  xd 

6     2  10 

114-  12    xd 

6    0    0 

104  —106 

4    4  U 

99  — loa 

4    8    8 

A-    ^. 

Nil 

4|-4a 

11-  13 

81  —  84 

6     7    2 

m 

6  17    1 
4  17    7 

90  -  92 

4  17  10 

74-    8 

6  12    6 

Kanslngtoo  ft  Knl(httbTU(a,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  EIno.  Power,  44  %  Deb,  .. 
London  Eleotrlo,  Ord 

Do.    8  %  Pref 

Do,    4  %  Ftrat  Hort,  Deb.    .. 
Metropolitan  

Do.    44  %  Cam,  Pref 

Do.    4{  %  Fint  Mort.  Deb. . . 

Do,    84%  Mort.  Deb 

Midland   Electric  Oorporatton ) 

44  %  First  Mort.  Deb,  J 

Nawoastle-on-Tyne  6  %  Prof,, ) 

NonOam,  | 

Horth  Metropolitan  Power  Sap- 1 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  i 

Netting    Hill,    6  %  Non-Cam.  I 

Prel.f 

Oxford  

St,  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do,    7%  Prel 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Bmltfafleld  Markets,  Ord. 
South  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  First  Mort.  Deb,    .. 
Bouth  MetropoUtBn,7%Prel,.. 

Do,    44  %  First  Deb.  Btook  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Oum,  Pref 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb. . . 
Westminster,  Ord,         ..        .. 

Do.    44%  Oum.  Pref,. . 


B 

Btook 

Blook 

8 

6 

Btook 

6 

6 

Stock 

Btook 


100 
6 
4 

100 
I 

too 
£a 

6 

100 

6 

6 


DlTidanda 
for 


Cloaliic        Blaa 

Qoolatloiu   I  -f  or 
.Mar.  I5lb.      rail 


74-    8  xd 
90-98 
7B  —  80 

:!-  i\ii 

90  —  98 
8*—  4 
*i-    *» 

97  —100 
M  —  88 
08  -101 

41-    H 

994-1024 

9f-  lOJ 

Sj-    6JI.1 
S»—    9 
6|-    7i 
84  —  87 


86—88 


*  i 


COLONIAL  AND  FOREIGN  ELECTRICITY  SUPPLY  AND  POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pref 

Calcutta,  Ord 

Do.    5%  Prel 

Calgary  Power,  1st  Mort.  Eds. 
Canadian  Gen.  El,  Com, 

Do.    7%  Pret 

Cordoba  Lt,,  Power  and  T,,  Ord. 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Eleo,  Lt,  and  P,  otCeotaabamba, ) 

S  %  Bonds ) 

Bleo,  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  Ist ) 

Mort.  Deb.  I 

Bleo.  Dev.  Ontario,  6   %    1st) 

Mort.  Bonds  j 

Kalgoorlle  Eleo.  P,  and  L,,  Ord, 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Eamlnlstlqoia  Power,  6%  Q.  Bs, 
Madras,  Ord,  ..        ..        .. 

Melbourne,  6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb, 
Mexican  EI.  Lt„  6%  Ist  M.  Bds, 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do.    7  %  Cum.  Prel 

Do,    6  %  let  Mort.  Gold  Bds, 


6 

6 

6 

8* 

6 

6 

100 

6 

«100 

7 

$100 

7 

1 

H 

100 

6 

100 

6 

100 

6 

1500 

6 

10/- 

Nil 

1 

H 

$600 

6 

6 

Nil 

100 

6 

6 

ClOO 

4 

$100 

7 

6 

6*- 

92  - 


-119 
-124 


1  —  99 
1  —  95 


90  —  93 
93  -  95 

1::  P 

lOlJ-lOS* 

11-  1? 

101  -101 
81  -  84 
77  -  81 

100  —104 
98  —  95 


6  14    8 

6    16 

4  17    7 

6    6    5 

5  17    8 

6  la    0 

5  U     3 

6    10 

6    6    4 

5    7    6 

5    6    3 

Nil 

9  16    a 

4  16    7 

4  16    2 

6  19    0 

6    0    0 

6  14     7 

5    5    3 

Monterey  Bly.  Light  i  Power,  I 

6  %  1st  Mort,  Deb.  I 

Montreal,  Lt„  H,  and  Power  . . 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal,  1 

6  %  1st  Mort,  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref.     . . 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Btook    . . 

Boy.  Eleo.  Co,,  Montreal,  44  %  I 

Ist  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Bhawlnigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb. 

Vera  Orui  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  6  %  1 

Ist  Mort.  Deb,  / 

Victoria  Palls  Power,  Pref, 

Wait  Eootenay  Power  and  LI., ) 
....        .ji 


Ist  Mort,  6  %  Gold 


100 

B 

6 

$100 

8 

9t 

$500 

6 

6a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

6 

» 

Do. 

6 

6 

100 

*J 

«4 

$100 

6 

6 

$500 

6 

6 

Btook 
Do. 

Jt 

^ 

100 

6 

6 

1 

Hid. 

I7§d. 

100 

6 

6 

82-85 
225  —280 
10  —  20 

217  —227 

105  —110 
100  -102 

100  —102 

138  —142 
107  -103 

101  —103 
984—1004 

91  —  94 

106  -108 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amaion  Telegraph         .. 

Do,    6  %  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  A  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do.     Collat.  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Prel 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  •  Portuguese    Tel.,  6  %  1 
Mort.  Deb.  / 

Ohlll  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Btig,  4%  Deb. 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do,     10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord, 

Do,    10%  Cum,  Prel 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg,  Deb,  / 
Eastern  Telegraph,  Ord,  Btook 

Do.    84%  Pref.  Stock..        .. 

Do.    4%  Mort,  Deb 

Eastern  Extension  . .        . . 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Baai  and  S,  Alrloa  Tel.  4  % ) 

Mt,  Db.  MaurltioB  Sub,  / 

Qlobe  Telegraph  and  Trust      .. 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Great  Northern  Telegraph       .. 
Indo-European  Telegraph 
Mackay  Companies  Common  .. 

Do,    4%  Cum,  Pref 

Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    7  %  Cum,  Partio,  Pref. 


10 

4 

*hi 

stock 

B 

$100 

8 

Si 

$1000 

4 

Stock 

H 

Do. 

A 

Do. 

80/. 

100 

B 

6 

7 

Stock 

4 

10 

H 

6+ 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

4t 

B 

10 

10 

10 

6 

100 

<i 

*i 

Stock 

7 

7+ 

Do. 

H 

84 

Do. 

i 

10 

7 

7+ 

Btook 

i 

S6 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

6 

10 

IB 

18 

26 

18 

6+ 

100 

6 

$100 

1 

4 

20 
17 

6    0    0 

6    1    0 

6  17    8 

4    7    0 

4    9    0 

B    7    2 

6    I    7 

4  18    6 

:1 

5    I    1 

4  17    7 

6    9    9 

6  17    8 

'6    6    8 

+  i 

7    2  10 

6  15    7 

4    9    0 

6    2    2 

4    6  11 

4    1    8 

-A 

6    4    8 

4    2    6 

.. 

8  19    8 

■I- 4/6 

5    7  10 

4  12    4 

5  14    8 

6    8    4 

6    2    0    ' 

5  16    0 

-^I 

4  10    1 

+  i 

4     7  10 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord. . . 

Do,    6  %  Pret 

New  York  Telep.,  41%  Gen,  Bnds, 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4%  Red.  Deb 

Paolflo  and  European  Tel.,  4  % ) 

Guar.  Debs,  j 

Renter's       .  

Do.    New  Shares 
Submarine  Oaoies  Trust 
Telephone  Co,  of  Egypt,  4}  %  I 
Deb,  Red.  J 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do,    6  %  Cum.  Prel 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to  1,600) 

guar,  by  Braz,  Bub,  Tel.  / 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum,  iBt  Pref, 

Do,    6  %  Cum,  2nd  Prel, 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do.    4%Deb 

Western  Union  4}  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

6 

6i 

1 

B 

6 

100 

M 

44 

1 

8 

6t 

1 

B 

A 

Stock 

« 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

lot 

10 

Oert. 

6 

6 

Btook 

«i 

4i 

B 

8 

5 

6 

6 

Si 

a* 

100 

4 

4 

10 
10 

? 

T 

10 

6 

A 

lOO 

6 

B 

10 

7 

7t 

stock 

4 

« 

$1000 

4 

*i 

1='^ 

" ! 

98-99 

^1 

+A ; 

97J-99J 

UJ-  llj 

■■  i 
••  1 

96  —  98 

■H    ' 

7S-    7S 
5  -      68 

+"j  J 

li-    14' 

96-98 

••  1 

2?-    84 

-* 

10  —  10* 

94-  10 

•  •      ) 

101  —108 

13-  18Jxd 

96-97 

974-lOOJ 

"Unless  otherwise, stated,  all  shares  are  fully  psid.  a  Paid  in  deferred  Interest  warrants,  f  Interim  Dividend. 

CO^Ti^UED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


]  86.  in  Funded  Dividend  Certs, 


492 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.r2.  No.  i.sts,  maech  21,  ms.3 


SHARE    LIST    OF    ELEOTRZOAL    00llTJLl!ilE9.-ia>tHmed.) 

ELECTBIC   K1ILWAT8   AST)   TBAMWAT8.— HOME. 


MAMa, 


Bath  Tnmi.  Prei.  Old 

Do.    6%PTef 

Do.     «4%Deb 

Brit.  Eleo.  Tnc,  6  %  Pref,     .. 

Do,        Do.  Deferred 

Do.       Do.  8%Cum.Pr'f. 

Do.  7%  Non.Cani.  Pi'f. 

Do.  6  ^ ,  Ferp.  Deb.      . . 

Do.  4t  %  tod  Deb. 

Central  London  BkUway,  Ord. 

Do,    Pref.  

Do.    Def 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Cit;  A  8,  London,  B  %  Prel.,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1896    .. 

Do,         Do.         1901     .. 

Do,         Do.         1808    .. 

Do.    i%Deb 

Dnblln  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 
Oreat  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f,  Ord 
Hastingi  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    M  %  Deb 

■le  of  Thanet  Trams,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Lancaibire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Elec.  Railw';B,4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trams, 6%Pisf. 

Do,    4%  Deb 


BKMk 

OlTldendi 

Bbare. 

for 

. 

ion. 

1912. 

1 

NU 

Nil 

1 

t 

6 

too 

M 

H 

100 

100 

100 

6 

6 

100 

100 

6 

6 

100 

4 

H 

100 

B 

8 

100 

4 

4 

100 

9 

a 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

E 

100 

6 

5 

100 

6 

S 

100 

6 

6 

100 

4 

4 

10 

6 

K 

10 

Nil 

Nil 

1 

6 

6t 

100 
6 

2I 

2? 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

6 

100 

4 

4 

10 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

Olodng 

BlM 

Present 

Qnotations 

+  or 

Yield 

Mar.  leth. 

FaU 

P.O. 

M  a.  d. 

7ft  -  81 

NU 
6    8    1 
6  11    1 

10  -  19 

SfiPffil 

6  is    7 

85-88 

91  —  96 

6    6    8 

77  —  81 

6    7    3 

78  —  80 

:s   0   0 

88-86 

:4  14    2 

78-80 

:6  0  0 

98  -100 

4    0    0 

99  -102 

4  18    0 

99  -103 

4  18    0 

97  -100 

6    0    0 

95—98 

5    3    0 

97  —  99 

4    0  10 

'lt:% 

4  18    0 

Nil 

«^-'r 

7    7    8 
6    17 

2i-   Si 

4  16    8 

76-80  . 

5    0    0 

7S-  80  ■ 

6    5    0 

94-96 

4    8    4 

.  *i-    6 

66-69 

14 

6  ie  0 

Metropolitan  Rallwar  Oonsol. . . 

Do.    Borplas  Lands     . . 

Do,    84%  Deb 

Do.    81%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  Dlstrlot  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

Do.    44%  First  Pref 

Do.    B4%Otd 

Metropolitan  Bleo.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44  %  Deb 

Bontb  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground    Bleo.    BallwavB 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cum.  Inc.  Deb 

Do.    44%  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Rldln<),  Ord 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    41%  Deb 


atook 

Dividends 

Share. 

for 

• 

1911. 

1913. 

100 

1 

1 

100 

9 

9  t 

100 

a 

8 

100 

B 

8 

100 

B 

8 

100 

Ni 

Ni 

100 

6 

6 

100 

4 

4 

100 

4 

4 

100 
100 

n 

B 

1 

6 

5 

1 

6 

6 

100 

*h 

H 

100 

6 

6 

1 

m 

1 

6 

6 

100 

*h 

44 

I 

6 

100 

4 

4 

10 

1/- 

100 

6 

100 

*i 

M 

100 

H 

6  t 

6 

Nil 

6 

8 

3t 

100 

*i 

4 

Oloslnc 
Qn  latlon* 
Mar.  15th. 


BUe 
+  or 
FaU 


+  4 


ELECTRICAL   BAILWAT8   AND   TBAMWATS.— COLOIOAL   AND   FOBEieN. 


Anglo-Aig.  Trams,  Ist  Pref.     .. 

Do.    9nd  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Anckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb, 
Bombay  Elec.  8.  ft  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    S  %3nd  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light   and  \ 

Power  / 

Brisbane  Trams  Inrt.i  Ord.     .. 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B.  Colnmbla  Eleo.  Rly,,  Def.    . . 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44  %  iBt  Mort.  Deb. 

Do.    44  %  Vancoaver  Deb.    . . 

Do,    4|jfeCon.  Deb 

Calcatta  Trams,  Ord.      ..        .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

City  BnenoB  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do,    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Eleo,  Tr.  i  Lt.,  6%  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlle  Elec.  Trams  . . 

Do,    6%  A  Deb 

Do,    «%BDab 


6 
6 

n 

^1 

100 

4 

4 

100 

«4 

4 

100 

b 

6 

100 

6 

6 

10 

e 

6 

100 

4 

44 

100 

6 

5 

8100 

6t 

6 

8 

8t 

6 

6 

B 

100 

<4 

*h 

100 

8 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

40 

4 

4 

100 

4 

4 

100 

4 

4 

6 

7 

6 

6 

6 

6 

100 

1 

21 

4 

6 

6 

6t 

100 

B 

B 

100 

B 

6 

$1000 

1 

6 
Nil 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

8 

904-  924 
884-1004 

5  8    7 

6  14    8 

4    6    6 
4    9    7 

98  —100 

6    0    0 

101  -103 

4  17    1 

11  -  113 

5    2    2 

96-98 

4  11  10 

97-99 

5    10 

97-99 

i^n 

6    5    0 
4  15    3 

100  -IDS 

4    7    5 

133  -138 

-1 

6  16    0 

118  — U8 

-1 

6    1    8 

103  —106 

4  14     4 

100  -103 

4    7    5 

101  -108 

4    7    6 

96  -  97  xd 

4    7    8 

63-    6i 
4*5- 6A 

6  12    0 
4  17    7 

974-100 

4    9    7 

BA-  6}- 

4    8    0 

97-100 

6    0    0 

93-97 

6    8    1 

99  —103 

4  17    1 

8^88* 

NU 
6  18    8 

26-85 

La  Plata  Eleo.  Trms,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Lisbon  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    e%Deb 

Madras  Eleo.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  . . 
ManaoB  Trams  &  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.  and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trame  Com 

Do.    Qen.  Con.  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6%  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys.  &  LI.,  Ord.     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    5%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W. A.)  Eleo.  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    5%lBt,  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Snp.,  Pret. .. 

Do.    44%  let  Deb 

Rio  de  Janeiro  Trams ,  1st  Mort. ) 
5  %  Bonds  J 

Do.    6%  Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Paolo  Tram,  Lt.  and  P. ) 
6  %  let  Deb.  / 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bouthem  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  6  %  Deb. 
Un.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    e%lBtDeb 

Winnipeg  Bleo,  BI7,,  4i  %  Oeb. 


I 

Nil 

1 

1 

A 

1 

« 

6t 

1 

6 

A 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

B 

•1000 

6 

B 

•100 

7 

V 

6 

6 

m 

6 

A 

6 

10 

10 

6 

6 

A 

100 

6 

6 

1 

5 

64 

100 

6 

6 

6 

6 

A 

100 

H 

4 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

•500 

6 

6 

100 

5 

6 

100 

5 

6 

6 

7 

fit 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

4 

4 

il-  1* 
h\l 

92  —  97 
102  —104 
87  —  90 

98  —100 
108  — lU 

90J—  924 
954—  994 
6J-    7gxd 
4A-5Axd 

99  —101 
lA-  44 

105  —108 
6|-    BJ 

97  —  99 

101  —102 
96  —  97 

102  —101 
86-90 
954-  974 

5i-  6| 
4|—    5| 

98  —101 
984-1014  xd 


-4 


HAlTTJFACTUBINe  COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Babcock  A  WUooz 

Do.     Pref.  

British  Aluminiam,  Ord.  . . 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  Btk 

B.I.  A  Belsby  CablM      .. 

no.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Brik.sh  Thomson-Honston,  Deb. 
British  Westingbonse,  Pral.    .. 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6%PriorLfan    .. 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do.     Pr«f.  

Braah,7%Pref 

Do.    t  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     .. 

Do.    4iOtr)«V 

Oo.    44  %  Bacnnd  Dab. 
Ck<leDd«r'i  Cable  .. 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Eeb 

Uattner-Kellner 

Do.    Deb 


100 

100 

8 

100 

100 

1 

1 

9 

100 

100 

100 

E 

E 

100 


NU 

NU 

B 

6 

3 

a 

IE 

lOf 

6 

s 

4 

4 

90 

20 

4 

4 

4-     3 


Si-     IS 

91  -  94 
87  —  90 


8  0  0 

7  2  2 

4  0  0 

4  0  0 


5  6    6 

6  U     1 

5  15  11 
4  16  0 
4  6  7 
4  11  10 

NU 

6  11  3 
6  16    6 

NU 

Nil 

NU 
6  8  9 
10  9  4 
14  1  4 
6  10  6 
4  17  7 
4  10  0 
6  5  10 
4    4  11 


Crompton  &  Oo,    ..        .. 

Do.    Deb 

Dick,  Kerr 

Do,    Pref 

Do,    Deb 

Edison  &  Bwan,  A,  £B  paid 

Do.    fnllypaid  .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb. 


Do.    6  %  Second  Deb, 
Electric  Conslraotion    .. 

Do,    Pref 

Greenwood  &  Batley,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

General  Eleotrla,  Prel,  . . 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

India>Bnbber,  Q.  A  T.    . . 

Do.    Pref 

Telegraph  Construction. . 

Do.    Deb 

WiUans  ft  BoblnMn 
-    Do.    Pref.  ., 

Da,    Deb,..       »       .. 


B 

100 
1 
1 

100 
B 
6 

100 

100 
9 
3 
10 

100 
10 

100 
E 
E 

100 
10 
10 
13 

100 
1 
E 

100 


96  —  98 
*-  i 
IJ-  li 
61—66 
72  —  76 

^fc    J* 

74—  8 
99  —  94 
10  —  lOj 
90  —  96 
I2i-  13  xd 

«!—    61  xd 
101  —108 
10  —  11 

9  —  10 
64  —  B6xd 

67  —  69 


Tl 


*  Utklaat  BtkanrJaatlatad,  aU  sharaaAta  iallr  paid.        i  Intarlta  dlvldand.        ;  Dlvidand  ol  I  Jtot  bent.  guacant«ed  by  Uodw-greuud  Elacttio  Railwaysi 


itnH  rati  of  blKtunt  6  D«r  etnt,  0«toi)»f'  4Hlii  IPIIi 


Q  Vol.  72.    No.  1,84a,  Mauoii  21,  1913. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW. 


498 


TRADE    STATISTICS    OF    HOLLAND. 


Thk  followinD:  tiifurec,  nhowinu  thn  iniportn  of  various  froode  into 
Holland  in  191  I,  are  tnken  from  tho  rixiently  iBHued  annual  trade 
HtatistioD  ;  thefipurcH  for  1910  aro  artdt-d  for  purpoBOSof  compariHon, 
and  notes  of  any  increoeeR  or  deoreaum  are  given  :    - 

1»10.  11)11.  Ihr.  or  ,l>r.. 


RELATIVE    EFFICIENCY    AND 

ADVANTAGES      OF     LIRECT.    SEMI-DIRECT 

AND    INDIRECT    LIGHTING. 


OuUlei,. 


(hit  lie 


(liilili'ii. 


Maphinfrtj,  steam,  iiidiisl riai 

f 

and  fifirioiilfurnt.- 

From  Beltrium 

Great  Britain 
,,      Ilamburp     ... 
„      Oermany     ... 
„      Ignited  States 
„      Other  countriee      . 

..      2,4H7,000 
..      .-,,779,000 

117,000 
..     l.V46«,000 
..      2,74  7,000 

297,000 

2.400,0(10 
M  92,000 
153,000 
17,711,000 
3,292,000 
378  000 

+ 
-t- 
-(■ 
+ 

+ 

87,000 
2,41.3,0(t0 

36,000 

2,246,000 

545,000 

81,000 

Total 

..    26,895,000 

32,129,000 

+  5,234,000 

(r'littit-jmrf/ia,  rtiir. 

From  France 

,,      Great  Britain 
,,      Dutch  Guiana 
„      .Tava... 
„      Other  countries 

103,000 
202,000 
H.-i5,000 
..      5,077,000 
410,000 

300,000 
127,000 
603,000 
4.073,000 
272,000 

+ 

197,000 

75,000 

52,000 

1,004,000 

138,000 

Total 

..      6,447,000 

5,375,000 

1,072.000 

Cr II tta  -perch a  ma  ii iifa ct u  re.i. ~ 

From  Belgrium 
„      Great  Britain 
„      Germany      ... 
„      Other  countries 

477,000 
.-.I.i.OOO 
608,000 
156,000 

..      l,7.-,6,000 

459,000  . 
226,000 
455,000 
1,000 

- 

18,000 
289,000 
15.3,000 
1 55,000 

Total 

1,141,000 

61.5,000 

Iron  win'. — 

From  Belgium 

Great  Britain 
„      Germany      ... 
,,      Sweden 
„      Other  countries 

..      3,197.000 
25,000 

..    20,279,000 

166,000 

52,000 

3,793,000 

67,000 

23,116,000 

288,000 

9,000 

+     596,000 
+       42,000 
+  2,837,000 
+     122,000 
—       4.3,000 

Total 

..    23,719,000 

27,273,000 

+  3,554,000 

IiistrHmentu,  physical,  cheiii i( 

■al.  4-r.- 

From  Belgium 
„      Great  Britain 
„      Hamburg     ... 
„      Germany     ... 
„      Other  countries 

532,000 

484,000 

39,000 

..      4,5.->4,000 

99,000 

692,000 
515,000 
132,000 
5,106,000 
242,000 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

160,000 

31,000 

93,000 

552,000 

143,000 

Total 

,.      5,708,000 

6,687,000 

+ 

979,000 

Copper  wire. — 
From  Belgium 
,,      Great  Britain 
„      Hamburg     ... 

„      Germany     

„      Other  countries 

123,000 

96,000 

154,000 

,.      2,494,000 

6H,000 

174,000 

109,000 

9,000 

3,074,000 

279,000 

+ 
+ 

61,000 

13,000 

145,000 

580,000 

211.000 

Total 

..    .2,93,5,000 

3,645,000 

+ 

710,000 

Steel  wire. — 

From  Belgium 
„      Great  Britain 
„      Germany 
„      Other  countries      .. 

446,000 

644,000 

..      1,59.5,000 

21,000 

589,000 

950,000 

1,067,000 

2,000 

+ 

+ 

143,000 

306,000 

628,000 

19,000 

Total 

.      2,706,000 

2,608,000 

98,000 

India-rubber  mamfactures.- 

- 

From  Belgium       

„      Great  Britain 
,,      Germany 
„      United  States 
„      Other  countries 

238,000 

.      2,083,000 

..      1.981,000 

20,000 

70,000 

516,000 

2.261,000 

2,446,000 

19,000 

196,000 

5,468,000 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+  1 

308,000 
178,000 
465,000 
1,000 
126,000 

Total 

.      4,392,000 

1,076,000 

Glass  ma iivfactures^— 

From  Belgium       

(Jreat  Britain 

„      Germany      

„      Other  countries      .. 

271,000 

103,000 

,.      1,902,000. 

13,000 

279,000 

99,000 

1,908,000 

40.000 

2,326,000 

+ 

-i- 
-+ 

8,000 

4,000 

6,000 

27,000 

Total 

.      2,289,000 

37,000 

Porcelain.— 

From  Belgium       

„      Great  Britain 
.     „      fiftcmaay.    ••'         •• 
(,      Other  oo«ntrie«      i. 

151,000 

48.000 

.      1,104,000 

.      -    4a,000- 

174,000 
.    56-.000 
.  1,31'2,000 
.44,000.: 

:  + 

23,000 

8,000 

208,000 

-;  6.000 

By  L.  CUOL'CH. 


Totai        II.     l,8C3,00O     1,686,609'    -^  .J34,000 


Ii.n  .MiNATioN  ref«ive(r  from  any  liKhting  uource  can  Vjc 
rcparded  as  duo  to  direct  and  indirect  component* ; 
••  direct  "  lighting  pro«'eds  from  the  source  to  the  illaminated 
plane,  with  or  without  iliffusion  by  an  opalescent  screen,  but 
without  that  complete!  screening  of  the  source  it«elf  and 
reflection  of  light  from  a  ceiling,  wall,  or  special  diffusing 
rellector,  which  characterises  "indirect"  lighting.  In  the 
majority  of  lighting  schemcB,  the  illumination  provided  has 
both  (lired  and  indirect  components,  and,  as  shown  below, 
this  condition  is  generally  to  be  desired. 

Some  years  ago,  when  illuminating  engineering  was  no 
more  than  a  name,  the  endeavour  of  most  lighting  "  cxpcrUi  " 
was  to  increase  the  luminous  elliciency  of  their  lighting 
schemes  by  increasing  the  direct  component  of  the  total 
illumination.  Owing  to  the  considerable  absorption  of  light 
by  the  diffuse  reflecting  surfaces,  indirect  lighting  is 
naturally  less  efficient  than  direct  lighting  which,  if  secured 
by  high-grade  silvered  reflectors,  or,  better  still,  prismatic 
reflectors,  renders  practically  the  whole  of  the  luminous 
radiations  from  the  source  available  in  a  more  or  less 
restricted  field,  whence  a  certain  illumination  of  adjacent 
areas  is  effected  (but  in  a  manner  which  cannot  be  subjected 
to  predetermination),  by  diffuse  reflection.  However,  the 
low  efficiency  of  indirect  lighting  is  justified  in  many  cases 
by  the  uniformity  of  illumination  obtained.  In  a  room 
lighted  entirely  by  indirect  illumination,  there  are  practically 
no  specular  or  regular  reflection  on  working  surfaces,  no  deep 
and  sharply  defined  shadows,  and  no  surfaces  of  sufficiently 
high  intrinsic  brilliancy  to  fatigue  the  eye.  In  such  places 
as  drawing  offices,  these  characteristics  are  wholly  advan- 
tageous, but  in  general  offices,  and,  to  a  greater  extent,  in 
residences,  &c.,  some  shadow  is  very  desirable  to  allow  of  a 
rational  appreciation  of  relief  and  perspective.  Once  its 
novelty  has  worn  off,  purely  indirect  illumination  becomes 
wearisome,  depressing,  and  even  fatiguing  to  the  eye  by 
its  ^•ery  uniformity.  The  tiresomeness  of  purely  indirect 
illumination  is  particularly  noticeable  when  the  walls  are  of 
light-coloured  material  ;  much  more  pleasing  effects  are 
secured  by  the  choice  of  a  dark  wall  covering,  and  the 
luminous  efficiency  thereby  sacrificed  is.  to  some  extent, 
compensated  by  keener  visual  acuity.  The  overall  luminous 
efficiency  of  indirect  lighting  may  be  as  low  as  10  per  cent, 
(particularly  if  the  light  fittings  and  ceiling,  or  other 
diffusing  surface,  be  dirty  or  coloured)  :  in  very  few  cases 
can  a  higher  luminous  efficiency  than  40  per  cent,  be 
secured. 

There  is  now  a  general  appreciation  of  the  fact  that 
interior  illumination  is  usually  best  effected  by  semi-direct 
lighting  ;  good  diffusion  and  a  reasonable  minimum 
illumination  should  be  provided  by  indirect  light,  but  "  life  " 
should  be  given  to  the  net  illumination  by  a  direct-lighting 
component  arranged  so  as  to  secure  faint  shadows,  but  definite 
shading,*  while  completely  avoiding  glare.  So  much  biased 
matter  has  lately  appeared  concerning  the  relative  advantages 
of  various  lighting  systems,  that  it  is  refreshing  to  study  the 
results  of  a  series  of  testst  undertaken  to  determine  the  actual 
merits  of  direct  and  indirect  illumination  and  the  percentages 
of  each  which  should  be  combined  in  a  semi-direct  illuminating 
scheme.  . 

By  proper  design,  including  the  judicious  proportioning  of 
direct  and  indirect  illumination,  the  undoubted  advantages  of 
indirect  lighting  can  be  secured  while  correcting  its  disadvan- 
tages to  a  greaf  extent,  by  direct  lighting.     The  efficiency  of 

*  A  striliing  example  of  the  dangers  of  too  uniform  illumination 
is  to  be  found  on  the  library  staircases  in  the  Institution  of  EIpc- 
trical  Engineers'  Building,  Victoria  Etabankment",  London.  The 
ceilings  are  white,  and  the  walls  and  stairs  are  surfaced  ■  with 
rwhitft  marble;  and;  as  a  result  of  tjie  almost  perfect  d iff uglon  of 
light,  it  is.  quits  difficult  at  ni^kt  to'distinguiah  the  edges  of  the 
rtepVwhen  the  Ifttter  atoclfa.n. 

'+ Farthet  parttcalBM  of  thc8«  t*»tt  ««  to  be  found  (H  the 
A'ktKtrn  EltciHsiaHt9tX>wm^t,  lOlSj  wh«iio«  ttMiabjoiM  Ikta 


494 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,      [voi.  72.  no.  1,843,  maroh  31,  wis. 


indirect  lighting  itself  must  always  be  low,  but  the  overall 
efficiency  of  illumination  may  be  increased  by  increasing  the 
proportion  of  direct  lighting,  so  long  as  the  desirable  features 
of  the  indirect  lighting  are  not  thereby  sacrificed.  The 
inefficiency  of  indirect  lighting  does  not  detract  from  its 
illuminating  advantages  ;  it  merely  increases  the  cost  of  secur- 
ing the  latter. 

The  problems  to  be  solved  are  :  (1)  To  what  extent  is 
diffusion  of  light  desirable,  as  determined  by  the  avoidance 
of  specular  reflection  and  by  the  depth  and  sharpness  of 
shadows  :  (2)  what  is  the  maximum  intrinsic  brilliancy  to 
which  the  eye  should  be  exposed  ;  (3)  what  percentage  of 
direct  illumination  will  compensate  the  "flatness "of  indirect 
lighting  without  introducing  undesirable  features? 

The  diffusion  of  the  net  illumination  provided  should  be 
such  that  no  appreciable  direct  reflection  or  glare  is  notice- 
able from  the  highly  glazed  paper  now  so  frequently  employed 
— particularly  for  the  printing  of  half-tone  blocks.  This 
consideration  requires  that  direct  illumination  should  be  pro- 
vided by  opalescent  bowls  sufficiently  large  to  avoid  specular 
reflection  and  of  no  greater  intrinsic  brilliancy  than  the 
ceiling  (or  other  diffuse  reflector)  area  of  maximum  brilliancy. 
Great  accuracy  in  determining  these  conditions  and  in  esti- 
mating the  percentage  of  direct  illumination  is  not  necessary 
— indeed,  it  is  impracticable. 

Tests  undertaken  by  Sweet  and  Doane  with  semi-direct 
lighting  units  showed  that,  in  a  particular  case,  the  propor- 
tions of  illumination  received  directly  and  indirectly  with 


diffusion  which  can  be  secured  by  indirect,  as  compared  ■with 
direct,  lighting  ;  in  picture  galleries  and  drawing  offices,  &c., 
this  value  is  high,  but  in  other  instances  it  is  negligible.  In 
any  case,  a  well-designed  direct-lighting  scheme  is  preferable 
to  a  semi-direct  system,  in  which  the  direct  component  is 
sufficiently  great  to  reduce  seriously  the  illuminating  advan- 
tages of  the  indirect  component. 

Comparative  Effidencies. — As  the  average  result  of  a  large 
number  of  tests,  it  may  be  taken  that  two  lumens  can  be 
obtained  per  watt  expended  in  an  indirect  lighting  equipment 
under  favourable  conditions.  In  small  rooms  with  light  walls 
and  ceilings,  the  efficiency  may  rise  to  2-5  lumens  per  watt, 
falling  to  1-y  lumens  per  watt,  or  less,  in  large  rooms  with 
high  ceilings.  Definite  test  data  which,  apart  from  their 
intrinsic  interest,  show  the  comparatively  high  efficiency 
which  can  be  obtained  in  indirect  and  semi-direct  lighting 
systems  under  favourable  conditions,  were  recently  presented 
by  Henninger  and  are  reproduced  in  abstract  in  Table  I 
(see  also  loc.  cit.). 

In  Case  II,  tests  with  the  lighting  unit  at  various  distances 
below  the  ceiling  gave  the  following  results  : — 


1  ft.  6in.      2  ft. 


.Sft. 


Hanging  height  below  ceiling.  3  ft. 
Extreme  per  cent.  var.  illumn. 

Above  mean 21*6 

Below  mean 22'0 

Effective  lumens  per  watt. . .         2'65 

Tungsten  lamps  in  prismatic    glassware    were   used   in 
Case  IV  ;  the  direct  illumination  measurements  were  made 


19-3 

22-7 

21-4 

211 

20-2 

17-6 

2-90 

2  69 

2-66 

Based  on  clear  lamps  and  direct  illumination. 


white  ceiling  and  white,  medium  and  dark  walls  respectively, 
were  : — 11  per  cent,  and  89  per  cent.  ;  13  per  cent,  and 
87  per  cent.  :  14  per  cent,  and  86  per  cent.  If  the  direct 
component  of  the  illumination  does  not  exceed  12  percent, 
of  the  total,  no  trouble  should  be  experienced  by  specular 
reflection,  and  the  amount  of  direct  illumination  should  be 
kept  as  near  as  possible  to  the  upper  hmit  thus  determined, 
in  order  that  the  overall  efficiency  of  lighting  may  be  a 
maximum. 

It  is  desirable  that  no  sharp  shadows  of  greater  density 
than  15  per  cent,  should  be  present  on  working  surfaces; 
for  drawing  office  work,  10  per  cent,  is  a  better  limit,  and 
in  very  few  cases  can  a  30  per  cent,  shadow  be  tolerated. 
The  lower  limit  of  shadow  desirable  is  determined  by  con- 
siderations of  perspective  and  relief.  As  regards  intrinsic 
brilliancy,  the  sources  of  direct  illumination  should  be  no 
more  intense  than  the  brightest  patches  on  the  ceiling,  and 
even  the  latter  are  sometimes  brighter  than  is  desirable  for 
eye-protection. 

Summarising,  we  may  say  that  the  direct  illumination 
should  be  :  (1)  About  12  per  cent,  of  the  total  from  the 
standpoints  of  specular  reflection  and  intrinsic  brilliancy  ; 
^2)  from  10  per  cent,  to  15  per  cent,  of  the  total  for  best 
shadow  results. 

If  the  percentage  of  direct  illumination  falls  below  10  per 
cent.,  there  will  be  logs  of  perspective  and  lack  of  "  life  "  in 
the  illumipation,  while  if  it  much  exceeds  15  per  cent,  of 
the  total,  the  advantages  of  the  remaining  indirect  illumina- 
tion  will  hardly  justify  the  cost  of  its  provision.  In  this 
.  connection,  the  illuminating  problem  reduces  to  a  determina- 
tion of  the  money  value  to  bo  attached  to  the  more  perfect 


w  ith  the  fittings  hung  in  their  normal  position,  after  which 
they  were  inverted,  but  kept  at  the  same  height  as  before. 
Finally,  the  inverted  reflectors  were  surrounded  by  a  cone  of 
blackened  Bristol  board  in  order  to  isolate  and  determine 
the  true  indirect  component  of  the  total  lighting.  The 
maximum  variation  in  the  illumination  was  55  per  cent,  in 
the  direct  lighting  scheme,  44  per  cent,  in  the  serai-dii"ect 
arrangement,  and  78  per  cent,  under  the  total  indirect 
illumination. 

Efficiency  considerations  undoubtedly  favour  semi-direct 
as  compared  with  indirect  lighting  and,  if  anything,  a  higher 
actual  effective  illumination  is  required  in  the  latter  case  to 
produce  the  same  impression  of  good  lighting  and  the  same 
ability  to  see  well. 


Electrical  Congress  in  Russia. — A  Russian  General 

Eleotroteohnioal  Congress  has  just  been  held  in  Moaoow,  when 
among  the  papers  read  was  one  by  M.  Pilkevitch  on  "Central 
Generating  Stations,''  in  which  he  advocated  the  erection  of  the 
generating  plants  near  the  source  of  the  fuel  supply,  and  the  trans- 
mission of  the  oarrent  to  the  point  of  distribution  in  preference  to 
locating  the  efcation  in  the  town  to  be  supplied,  and  conveying  the 
fuel  thereto. 

M.  Kollvanoff,  the  director  of  the  Moscow  Urban  Railway,  sub- 
mitted a  scheme  to  th*  Congress  for  the  conetraotioQ  of  an  under- 
ground electric  railway  in  Moscow. 

A  reeolatlon  was  adopted  by  the  Congress  in  favour  of  a  law 
with  regard  to  electrical  units  in  Russia,  while  it  wa«  decided  to 
recommend  the  Government  to  enforce  the  adoption  of  officially- 
approved  electricity  meters. 


Vol.72.  No. i.8<;t,MAHcmai,  1911.1       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


VM 


THE    NATIONAL    INSURANCE    ACT.    1911. 


OorRTs  OF  Reperkkb. 

By   JOS.    J.  n.  STANSFIELD,  F.C.l.S. 


TUK  Nationiil  Insurance  Act,  1911,  came  into  force  in 
July,  191-\  but  it  was  provided  by  Sec.  HI  that  unemploy- 
ment benefit  was  not  to  be  paid  in  respect  of  any  period 
of  nnemploymont  occurring  during  the  first  six  months. 
This  period  has  now  expired,  and  as  claims  for  benefit  are 
being  made,  it  becomes  advisable  to  consider  the  conditions 
under  which  benefits  are  payable,  and  in  what  way  employers 
are  affected  or  interested. 

The  statutory  requirements  and  conditions  under  which 
benefits  are  payable  are  set  out  in  full  in  Sees.  8-1  to  80,  but 
it  may  be  shortly  stated  that,  subject  to  contributions  having 
been  paid  by  an  employer  on  behalf  of  a  workman  and  of 
himself,  every  workman  of  17  and  upwards,  so  long  as  the 
conditions  are  fulfilled  and  the  workman  is  not  dis(iualified, 
is  entitled  to  benefits  if  he  has  been  employed  in  an  insured 
trade  and  is  unemployed. 

The  workman  must  pro\e  (1)  that  he  has  been  employed 
in  an  insured  trade  in  each  of  not  less  than  2G  weeks  during 
the  preceding  five  years  ;  (2)  that  he  has  applied  in  the 
prescribed  manner  ;  (3)  that  since  the  date  of  application 
he  has  been  continuously  unemployed ;  (4)  that  he  is 
capable  of  work,  but  unable  to  obtain  suitable  employment  ; 
and  (5)  that  he  has  not  exhausted  his  right  to  benefit. 

The  disqualifications  for  benefit  are  by  Sec.  87  (1) 
unemployment  through  trade  disputes,  so  long  as  the 
dispute  lasts,  unless  the  workman  has  become  employed 
elsewhere  in  an  insured  trade  (2)  for  six  weeks  from  the 
date  of  leaving  if  the  unemployment  is  caused  through  mis- 
conduct, or  voluntarily  leaving  without  just  cause  ;  (3)  being 
an  inmate  of  any  prison  or  workhouse,  or  other  institution 
supported  wholly,  or  partly,  out  of  public  funds ;  (4) 
residence  temporarily  or  permanently  outside  the  United 
Kingdom  ;  and  (5)  in  receipt  of  sickness  or  disablement 
benefit,  or  disablement  allowance,  under  the  Health  pro- 
visions of  the  Act. 

The  unemployment  provisions  of  the  Act  apply  to  persons 
of  16  years  and  over,  but  no  benefit  is  payable  for  unemploy- 
ment occurring  before  the  age  of  17,  and  only  half  benefits 
are  allowed  from  17  to  18,  but  after  ihe  age  of  18  the 
benefit  is  7s.  per  week  for  each  five  weeks'  contributions. 

A  consideration  of  the  quaUfications  and  disqualifications 
for  benefit  will  show  that  these  are  partly  questions  of  fact 
and  partly  of  opinion,  and  as  it  was  anticipated  that  there 
might  be  disputes  between  a  workman  and  the  Insurance 
Officer  as  to  the  amount  of  benefit  due,  or  whether  benefit 
is  payable  or  not,  the  Act  provides  (Sec.  88)  for  the 
setting  up  of  Courts  of  Referees  to  which  such  disputes 
may  be  referred. 

The  United  Kingdom  has  been  divided  provisionally  into 
eight  divisions,  again  sub-divided  into  82  districts  for  each 
of  which  a  panel  of  employers'  and  workmen's  representatives 
have  been  constituted,  the  names  of  the  divisions  and  the 
number  of  districts  in  each  division  being  as  follows  : — 
London  and  South-Eastern  (14),  South-Western  (7),  West 
Midlands  (6),  Yorkshire  and  East  Midlands  (13),  North- 
Western  (14),  Wales  (5),  Scotland  and  Northern  (19),  and 
Ireland  (4).  For  these  8,158  representatives  have  been 
elected,  one-half  on  behalf  of  employers  and  the  other  on 
behalf  of  workmen. 

The  members  of  employers'  panels  have  been  elected  by 
the  Board  of  Trade,  and  the  members  of  the  workmen's 
panels  by  ballot  of  workmen  engaged  in  insured  trades. 
If  an  Insurance  officer  refuses  or  stops  benefit,  or  allows 
benefit  of  an  amount  not  in  accordance  with  the  claim,  the 
workman  may  require  the  case  to  be  referred  to  a  Court  of 
Referees  consisting  of  three  persons — one  drawn  by  rota 
from  each  of  the  two  panels,  with  an  impartial  chairman 
appointed  by  the  Board  of  Trade,  the  latter  being  neither 
an  emplo)er  nor  a  workman  in  an  insured  trade. 

Should  the  Court  of  Referees  make  a  recommendation  in 
agreement  with  the  decision  of  the  Insurance  OflBcer,  its 
recommendation  is  final,  but  if  the  Court  disagrees  the 


offlcer  muBt  either  accept  tho  recommendation  or,  if  desired 
by  tlie  Court,  refer  the  matter  to  tho  umpire  apix»inu.-<l  by 
the  Crown  under  the  Act,  his  deciaion  being  final. 

If  an  Insurance  Officer  thinks  fit.  ho  may  refer  a  caae 
direct  to  the  Court,  insUa*!  of  deciding  it  himwif  when  the 
decision  of  the  Court  is  final. 

Where  a  workman  has  required  an  Iiisuran**  OMIct  to 
refer  his  claim  to  a  Court  of  KeferetH,  the  Chairman  of  tb** 
(.'ourt  may  at  any  time  before  the  matU-r  has  Ixjen  taken 
into  consideration  by  the  Court,  refer  it  for  repjort  to  two 
|)ersons  residing  in  th(!  witne  neighlxiurhofxl  as  the  workman, 
one  of  these  persons  Injing  drawn  from  the  employcnj' 
panel,  and  the  other  from  that  of  the  workmen. 

Questions  bearing  upon  the  administration  of  1,'nemploy- 
ment  Insurance,  may  \>e  referred  by  the  Board  of  'J'radc  for 
consideration  and  advice  to  the  persons  constituting  the 
panels  when  special  meetings  will  be  held. 

Courts  of  Referees  usually  meet  weekly  in  some  centra! 
town,  but  the  number  of  representatives  on  the  panels  is 
sufficiently  large  as  not  usually  to  require  an  attendance  of 
any  individual  member  more  than  once  a  quarter. 

It  is  as  yet  too  early  to  say  how  Courts  of  Keferees  will 
succeed  in  settling  disputes  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  con- 
cerned, but  it  is  likely  that  some  difficulty  may  be  found  in 
respect  of  the  disqualification  for  six  weeks  of  benefit  where 
a  workman  leaves  employment  through  misconduct  or  with- 
out sufficient  cause.  Indeed,  Trade  Unions  already  threaten 
agitation  with  regard  to  this,  on  the  ground  that  workmen 
are  being  deprived  of  benefit  where  the  misconduct  has  been 
due  to  a  conflict  between  the  rules  of  a  Trade  Union  and  the 
regulations  of  an  employer. 

Although  employers  are  only  indirectly  concerned  in  the 
question  whether  a  workman  is  entitled  to  benefit  or  not, 
it  should  not  be  overlooked  that  economical  administration 
of  unemployment  benefit  funds  is  of  importance,  and  that, 
although  the  unemployment  part  of  the  Insurance  Act  at 
present  only  applies  to  a  limited  number  of  trades,  that 
number  may  at  any  time  be  extended,  within  limits,  by  the 
Board  of  Trade,  and  if  this  part  of  the  Act  is  considered  to 
be  a  success,  it  is  not  unlikely  that  extensions  may  take  place 
from  time  to  time. 


PR0CEEDIN08    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Electric  Resistance  Welding. 

By  P.  BucHEB. 

(^Abstract  of  paper  read  before  the    Institution  OF  ELECTRICAL 
Engineers,  at  Manchester,  December  nt/i,  1912.) 

If  the  correct  interpretation  of  welding  signifies  the  joining  of  two 
pieces  together  so  as  to  form  one  while  hot  under  pressure,  then  the 
only  one  of  the  new  methods  which  can  rightly  be  classified  under 
this  head  is  the  electric  resistance  welding.  In  every  one  of  the 
other  methods  the  metals  are  actually  heated  to  melting-point,  and 
are  in  reality  fused  together. 

The  provision  of  the  necessary  current  is  one  of  the  greatest 
difficulties  with  which  the  introduction  of  electric  welding  has  to 
contend,  where  there  are  no  public  mains  supplying  single-phase 
alternating  current.  Where  the  public  supply  is  direct  current,  it 
becomes  necessary  to  install  either  a  motor- generator  or  a  rotary 
converter  for  generating  single-phase  aUemaiiing  current. 

In  three-phase  systf  ms  it  is  sometimes  permissible  to  put  a  welder 
in  one  phase  only,  but  in  the  case  of  larger  welders  tfce  unbalancing 
effect  would  be  too  serious,  and  means  must  be  provided  to  trans- 
form three-phase  into  single-phase  current.  This  can  be  done  by  a 
three-phase  motor  driving  a  single-phase  generator.  A  rotary 
transformer  with  two  distinct  stator  windings,  which  gives  a  load 
on  the  three-phase  primary  balanced  to  within  about  90  per  cent., 
is  considerably  cheaper  than  the  motor  generator. 

The  current  is  transformed  down  to  about  2  volts  in  a  special 
transformer,  which  in  almost  every  case  forms  part  of  the  welding 
machine  itself.  The  secondary  winding  takfs  the  form  of  a  copper 
casting  corresponding  to  a  single  turn,  fitted  with  suitable  means 
for  transmitting  the  current  to  the  pieces  which  are  to  be  welded. 

All  the  parts  which  are  exposed  carry  only  the  low-voltage 
secondary  current,  so  that  the  process  is  absolutely  free  f n  m  danger 
through  shock.  It  is  important  that  the  secondary  circuit  be  kept 
as  short  as  possible. 

The  method  of  working  is,  in  all  cases,  the  same.  The  pieces  to 
be  joined  are  gripped  in  the  i-lamp'"  or  placed  between  the  electrodes 
and  brought  into  contact.  The  primary  circuit  is  cl'sed  either  by 
an  independent  act  of  the  attendant  or  automatically  by  the 
machine.  The  heavy  current  flowing  through  the  joint  heats  it 
up  at  once,  and  welding  temperature  i<i  reached  very  rapidly,  in  ft 


496 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.     [Vol  72.  no.  i,843,  makch  21, 1913. 


tnetUm  of  %  •econd  in  Ifght  wir«  or  the  spot  welduipr  of  thin 
sbeats,  OT  In  Bereral  minnte*  in  the  case  of  »  heavy  tire.  The  flow 
of  carrent  is  interrupted  as  Boon  as  tho  required  beat  is  reached, 
and  therein  lies  one  of  the  advantages  of  resistance  welding— rit 
never  consumes  energy  unless  it  produces  work.  Simultaneously 
with  the  interruption  of  current  and  the  cessation  of  the  beating 
comes  the  upsetting  or  shutting  of  the  weld  by  continuing  or 
increasing  tbe  mechanical  pressure  which  was  first  used  to  bring 
the  two  parts  into  contact.  The  application  of  this  pressure  in 
butt  weliling  raises  at  the  joint  a  lump  or  burr,  which  generally 
must  be  got  rid  of. 

Somewhat  similar  conditions  to  the  raising  of  the  bnrr  in  butt- 
welding  prevail  in  spot- welding.  When  the  current  passes  from 
electrode  to  electrode  it  brings  a  cylinder  of  metal  to  white  heat,  and 
thereby  into  the  plastic  state.  This  soft  cylinder  is  surrounded  by 
a  shell  of  cold  and  hard  metal.  When  end-pressure  is  applied  to  it 
for  making  the  weld,  its  volume  is  reduced  by  the  amount  to  which 
the  electrodes  enter  into  it.  Some  of  the  surplus  metal  escapes 
round  the  circumference  along  the  sides  of  the  cone  of  the  elec- 
trodes, forming  a  low  ridge,  but  some  of  it— and  this  is  a  drawback 
to  spot-welding — is  extruded  between  the  two  sheets  to  be  joined, 
slightly  driving  them  apart.  This  means  that  spot- welding  cannot 
be  relied  upon  to  make  a  water  or  gas-tight  joint  between  two 
sheets.  If  that  type  of  joint  is  required,  the  cone-shaped  elec- 
trode of  the  spot-welder  must  be  replaced  by  the  roller  of  the 
seam-welder.  The  principle  of  its  working  is  simply  a  repetition  of 
spot-welding,  but  its  result  is  an  uninterrupted  seam  or  lap  weld. 

The  use  of  very  heavy  currents  makes  the  necessary  machinery 
heavy,  cumbersome,  and  expensive.  The  field  is  therefore  not  job- 
bing, where  arc  and  hot-flame  welding  reign  supreme,  but  repetition 
work,  where  it  scores  immensely  by  virtue  of  its  simplicity,  accu- 
racy, reliability,  speed,  and  economy. 

chain  links  are  welded  at  an  average  rate  of  10  to  15  per  minute, 
or  30  to  40,000  per  week.  An  average  week's  output  of  a  heavy 
tire-welder  was  525  tires,  varying  in  width  from  2  in.  to  9  in.  A 
bank  of  spot-welders  worked  by  boys  on  miscellaneous  hollowware 
dealt  with  120  to  180  gross  of  articles  per  machine,  corresponding 
to  about  35,000  welds  per  machine  per  week. 

The  heat  eflBciency  of  a  welder  is  about  75  per  cent.  The  above- 
mentioned  weekly  output  of  chain,  assuming  about  3  s.w.  gauge, 
would  use  from  100  to  130  units.  The  tire-welder  already  referred 
to  used,  according  to  the  supply  company's  meter,  737  units,  and  a 
spot- welder  on  miscellaneous  hollow- ware  uses  about  1  to  To  units 
for  1,000  welds. 

The  most  important  question  is :  How  strong  is  an  electric 
weld  ?  The  reply  to  this  is  very  favourable.  Actual  figures  were 
quoted  in  "Experiments  on  the  strength  and  fatigue  properties  of 
welded  joints  in  iron  and  steel,"  a  paper  read  before  the  Institution 
of  Civil  Engineers  by  Messrs.  Stanton  and  Pannell.  These  experi- 
ments were  made  on  sample  welds  prepared  by  1<)  different 
engineering  firms  in  the  kingdom  according  to  their  usual  prac- 
tice. The  condensed  result  for  tensile  strength  is  expressed  in 
percentage  of  the  tensile  strength  of  the  un welded  material  : — 


Hand-welded 
iron. 
Mean  of  24  tests 
89-3 


Hand-welded  Electric-welded  Electric-welded 
steel.                      iron,  steel, 

21  tests  7  tests  8  tests 

81-6  89-2  93-4 


In  the  same  way  for  fatigue  properties  :- 


Hand-welded 
iron. 

Mean  of  21  tests 
976 


Hand-welded  Electric-welded  Electric-welded 
steel.                     iron.  steel. 

28  testa  5  tests  12  tests 

78-4  92'6  87-0 


The  authors  state  that  with  reference  to  the  respective  merits  of 
hand  and  electrical  welding,  the  tests  show  that  more  uniform  results 
are  obtained  by  the  electrical  welding  method  ;  and  there  appears  to 
be  no  evidence  that  the  want  of  uniformity  in  the  material,  which 
is  usual  in  the  region  of  a  welded  joint,  is  liable  to  cause  failure  of 
the  joint  under  repeated  applications  of  the  load,  provided  the  weld 
be  originally  sound. 

Electric  welders  are  in  daily  extended  use  in  brass  and  copper 
wire  mills  for  joining  up  rods  and  slottings,  which  afterwards  pass 
through  the  drawing  dies. 

High-carbon  steel  can  be  welded  np  to  about  0"8  per  cent,  carbon, 
but  the  results  are  not  so  satisfactory  as  in  mild  steel.  When  high- 
carbon  wire  is  welded  the  heat  of  the  weld  is  a  very  short  one,  and 
the  bulk  of  the  adjoining  cold  metal  seems  to  have  a  quenching 
effect  on  the  steel,  so  that  the  wire  when  taken  from  the  machine 
is  glass-hard  at  the  joint  and  snaps  on  the  slightest  eSort.  To 
overcome  this  the  wire  must  be  locally  annealed — for  preference  in 
the  welder  itself — and  this  heat  treatment  weakens  the  wire  for 
the  length  to  which  it  has  been  applied  as  compared  with  the  rest 
of  it. 

Generally  speaking,  the  strength  of  a  welded  high-carbon  wire  is 
about  do  to  70  per  cent,  of  the  unwelded  wire. 

Pare  copper  welds  quite  satisfactorily,  and  so  do  most  of  the 
brasses  unless  the  percentage  of  zinc  in  them  is  too  high,  when  the 
weld  becomes  brittle  and  will  not  draw.  Nickel  and  most  of  its 
alloys  alxo  weld  very  well ;  so  do  aluminium,  silver,  gold,  platinum 
and  iridium. 

Only  iron  and  mild  steel  lend  tbemselvei  to  ipot-welding  in  a 
Mtiifaotory  manner. 


Discussion. 

Pbof.  E.  W.  Mabchant  said  he  had  recently  made  experiments 
on  the  actual  amount  of  energy  used  in  making  electric  resistance 
welds  between  samples  of  iron  wire.  The  energy  consumption  was 
remarkably  cniall.  ai  was  seen  from  the  fact  that  a  weld  between  a 


pair  of  ^-m.  rods  took  ao  watt-minutes,  or,  in  other  words,  l.OwO  Jj 
welds  of  this  kind  could  be  made  with  only  ^  B.t.U.  of  energy.  V 
Similarly,  with  T^-ln,-  diariieter  rods,  the'ehisrgy  consumption  was 
60  watt-minutes:  J-in.  rods,  110  watt- minutes  ;  -I'ff-in,  rods,  180 
watt-minutes.  As  the  diameter  of  the  rod  increased,  the  energy 
consumption  per  weld  went  up  very  rapidly  ;  for  example,  com- 
paring n\-in.  and  i\-in.  rods,  nine  times  as  much  energy  per  weld 
was  required  in  the  latter  case.  This  increase  was  due  partly  to  the 
increased  contact  area  and  also  to  the  large  amount  of  cooling  due 
to  the  jaws  holding  the  metal.  Thecurrent  used  in  the  case  of  the 
^ife-in.  rods  was  about  2,000  amperes.  Using  copper  rods,  a  current  of 
t;,000  amperes  was  required,  against  2,000  amperes  for  iron  of  the 
same  diameter.  The  use  of  chokers  to  increase  and  diminish  the 
welding  current  would  considerably  increase  the  energy  con- 
sumption in  welding,  but,  in  any  case,  the  current  rushes  in 
welders  would  not  seriously  affect  pressure  regulation  in  the 
average  supply  station,  even  if  no  regulating  device  were  employed. 

Mr.  a.  B.  McKenzie  said  that,  about  2i  years  ago,  it  was  decided 
to  increase  the  capacity  of  some  superheaters,  and  the  question  of 
installing  new  superheater  tubes  was  considered.  The  price  of  new 
tubes  was  so  high  that  it  was  decided  to  lengthen  the  existing  tubes 
by  welding  additional  lengths.  Twelve  sample  tubes  (six  scarf  and 
six  butt  joints)  were  welded  by  the  electrical  resistance  method,  and 
on  test  the  butt  joints  were  found  to  be  superior  to  the  scarf 
joints,  notwithstanding  the  greater  surface  of  the  latter.  The 
result  of  the  test  justified  the  alteration  of  one  boiler  containing  40 
tubes,  which,  after  welding,  were  tested  at  1,000  lb.  per  sq.  in. 
Six  months'  satisfactory  working  of  the  experimental  boiler 
warranted  the  change  of  three  others,  and,  notwithstanding  the 
strong  criticism  of  the  boiler  makers  and  insurance  companies,  after 
two  and  a  half  years"  work,  not  a  single  tube  had  given  any 
trouble.  Before  making  the  welds,  the  tubes  were  slightly  bevelled 
inside  and  outside  at  the  butt:  the  burr  was  thrown  up  on  the 
outside,  although  scarcely  noticeable. 

Mr.  W.  Cramp  said  the  process  of  resistance  welding  appeared  to 
be  better  than  anything  arc  welding  could  produce.  The  port- 
ability of  oxy-acetylene  or  oxy-hydrogen  welding  appliances  was  a 
great  point,  and,  notwithstanding  the  author's  suggestions,  a  direct- 
current  machine  should  have  a  wide  scope.  Instead  of  a  motor- 
transformer,  a  cheap  form  of  homopolar  machine  run  at  a  high 
speed  might  be  successfully  employed.  If,  using  the  same  values 
of  current  and  time,  joints  were  made  by  (I)  direct  current,  and 
(2)  alternating  current,  would  there  be  any  difference  in  the  results  ? 
The  energy  required  for  voiding  different  sections  of  wire  would 
depend  very  much  upon  the  heat  capacity  of  the  section,  and  this 
effect  would  undoubtedly  account  for  a  portion  of  the  increased 
energy  consumption  referred  to  by  Dr.  Marchant. 

Mr.  K.  M.  Faye-Haxsen  said  that  in  some  cases  the  secondary 
of  the  transformer  consisted  of  more  than  one  turn,  also  some  firms 
used  copper  laminations  instead  of  a  copper  casting.  Electrically, 
the  casting  was  as  good  as  the  laminations,  and  it  certainly  provided 
a  much  better  mechanical  job. 

Mb.  R.  G.  Cunliffe  gave  a  description  of  a  rail  welding  process 
for  use  on  traction  rails  exceeding  10  tq.  in.  in  cross-section.  In  this 
system,  six  special  bridging  plates  were  electrically  welded  so  as  to 
connect  each  fish-plate  to  the  rails  efliciently.  The  Chicago  Rail- 
road Co.  employed  the  system  with  much  success. 

Mr.  J.  Frith  wished  to  know  whether  in  using  the  anther's 
apparatus  the  back  portion  of  the  chain  link  did  not  short-circuit 
the  portion  to  be  welded.  No  mention  had  been  made  of  the 
constant-current  welding  machine  due  to  Dr.  Rosenberg. 

Dk.  E.  Rosenberg  asked  for  further  figures  in  connection  with 
the  tensile  strength  values.  There  was  very  little  difference  in  the 
various  methods  according  to  the  average  value,  but  it  was  of  con- 
siderable importance  to  know  what  the  lowest  value  was. 

Mr.  W.  Pollard  Dioby  (communicated)  said  there  was  too 
much  of  a  tendency  to  regard  the  tensile  test  as  everything  in 
regard  to  welding.  They  ought  to  consider  other  properties.  The 
change  in  the  microstructure  of  the  metal  welded  was  all- 
important.  The  mechanical  engineer  had  failed  to  have  recourse 
to  tbe  metallurgist.  Each  weld  showed  under  the  microscope  such 
characteristics  that  it  was  possible  for  the  metallurgist  to  say  from 
a  sample  of  the  steel  what  method  of  welding  had  been  employed. 
One  thing  was  essential  to  resistance  welds,  that  the  resistance 
weld  should  receive  adequate  working  while  the  metal  was  still 
plastic.  If  this  were  not  done,  one  found,  on  cutting  up  a  large 
bar  welded  by  the  resistance  method,  two  distinct  classes  of  frac- 
tures. The  outer  metal,  near  the  extruded  portion,  had  a  decidedly 
splintered  fracture.;  the  inner  area  had  a  decidedly  crystalline  frac- 
ture with  relatively  low  elongation,  and  showed  under  the  micro- 
scope a  slight  tendency  to  overheating.  Another  property  common 
to  all  welds  in  a  greater  or  less  degree  was  that  of  oxidation.  Re- 
sistance welds  shared  with  acetylene  welds  the  least  susceptibility 
to  this.  All  the  arc  welds,  on  the  other  hand,  which  had  come 
through  his  hands,  had  shown  a  marked  tendency  to  oxidation. 
Each  welding  process  had  its  own  field  of  application.  Many  weld- 
ing processes,  not  least  among  them  that  described  by  the  author, 
were  of  great  commercial  success  and  general  ntUity.  At  the 
same  time  they  must  really  cease  to  place  this  excessive  emphasis 
on  tensile  strength,  and  consider  instead  the  fact  that  while  tensile 
strength  might  remain  high,  the  other  mechanical  properties  might 
be  affected,  and  not  least,  corrosion  might  be  facilitated. 

Mr.  L.  W.  Schuster  (communicated)  said  that  the  most  interest- 
ing feature  of  the  subject  dealt  with  in  the  paper  was  the  effect  on 
the  metal  due  to  the  welding.  In  the  case  of  the  acetylene  welding 
of  cracks  and  grooving  of  boiler  plates,  local  hardening  of  the 
metal  appeared  to  take  place  j  great  difficulty  was  encountered  in 
obtaining  a  satisfactory  weld,  and  the  cracks  were  always  liable  to 
extend.  It  would  appear  that  this  would  equally  be  the  case  in  the 
event  of  its  being  practicable  to  adapt  electric  welding  for  repair 


Vol.  72.  No.  1,849,  MARCH  21,  i9i».]      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


497 


work  of  this  natnre.  The  cuttinif  of  pintes  by  the  uo«tylene  Mow- 
pipe  6ame  neemed  to  have  the  same  harrlenln^;  effect,  althouKh  In 
the  case  of  steel  pipes  boinfc  cut  in  this  manner  for  reociviiiK 
branches  and  the  brunches  beinif  afterwards  welded  by  the 
ivcctylene  proceHS  on  to  the  pipen,  the  results  nppi^ared  to  be  satis- 
factory,  but  it  niijrht  perhaps  be  safer  to  anneal  afterwards.  In 
the  case  of  the  electrical  weldinifof  flanges  to  pipes,  the  results  did 
not  appear  to  have  come  up  to  expectation. 

The  Ai'TTiOH,  in  reply,  said  that  aluminium  welds  were  extensively 
made  in  connection  with  rim  work  in  the  Birmingham  district. 
Ketfarding  the  chain  link  question,  a  certain  amount  of  current  did 
l?o  round  the  back  of  the  link,  but  not  enough  to  make  it  unbearably 
hot  to  the  finjfers  ;  even  in  small  links  the  economy  of  the  process 
was  so  pronounced  that  this  loss  of  enerpy  was  never  considered  of 
importance.  Some  firms  used  copper  stampings  for  the  secondary, 
but  by  far  the  majority  used  a  copper  castiuB:. 


The  Institute  of  Metals. 


Thk  annual  (general  meeting  of  the  Institute  of  Metals  was  held 
in  London  on  March  11th,  when  the  new  president  delivered  his 
inaugural  address.  On  the  following  day  a  number  of  papers  were 
read.  One  on  "  Metal-Filament  Lamps,"  contributed  by  Mr. 
Alexander  Siemens,  summarises  the  history  of  the  use  of  metal 
filaments  in  glow  lamps,  and  states  that  the  first  lamp  to  have 
actually  drawn-metal  wire  as  its  filament  was  the  tantalum  lamp, 
manufactured  by  Siemens  &  Halske,  Berlin.  They  also  succeeded 
in  drawing  an  alloy  of  tungsten  and  nickel,  but  before  that  process 
was  perfected,  the  General  Electric  Co.,  of  Schenectady,  patented  a 
process  to  make  pure  tungsten  ductile,  which  is  described  in  the 
paper. 

Mr.  Arnold  Philip  (Admiralty  Chemist)  dealt  with  "The 
Corrosion  of  Distilling  Condenser  Tubes." 

A  paper  by  Dr.  G.  H.  Bailey  deals  with  the  action  of  water  and  salt 
solutions  on  aluminium.  From  an  examination  of  the  experimental 
evidence,  he  draws  the  following  conclusions  : — That  aluminium  of 
high  purity  is  less  readily  acted  upon  that  of  lower  purity,  and 
that  the  presence  of  sodium  and  copper  in  the  metal  increases  the 
rapidity  of  corrosion.  Well-annealed  metal  is  also  more  resistant 
to  corrosion  than  nnannealed  metal.  In  general  the  corrosion  of 
aluminium  is  a  process  of  oxidation  ;  metal  exposed  for  several 
months  to  water  or  salt  solutions  from  which  the  dissolved  air  had 
been  expelled,  underwent  no  corrosion  whatever.  The  normal 
course  of  corrosion  (excluding  the  action  of  acids  and  alkalis)  is 
thus  a  transformation  of  aluminium. into  alumina,  which  separates 
out  as  a  flocculent  precipitate  without  any  of  the  aluminium  passing 
into  solution. 

Mr.  0.  F.  Hudson  discussed  the  microstrncture  of  German  silver, 
and  Mr.  G.  H.  Gulliver  read  a  paper  on  "  The  Quantitative  Effect  of 
Rapid  Cooling  upon  the  Constitution  of  Binary  Alloys."  The 
importance  of  the  subject  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  constitution 
of  a  cast  alloy  cooled  at  ordinary  rates  lies  between  that  of  the  very 
slowly-cooled  and  that  of  the  very  quickly-cooled  mixture,  so  that 
its  limits  of  variation  with  change  in  the  rate  of  cooling  can  now  be 
specified. 

A  paper  was  read  by  Messrs.  H.  S.  Primrose  and  J.  S.  Glen  Prim- 
rose, on  "Practical  Heat  Treatment  of  Admiralty  Gun-metal." 
They  find  that  even  in  the  absence  of  blow-holes,  which  constitute 
the  commonest  source  of  unsoundness,  cast  gun-metal  behaves 
nnsatisfaotorily  under  hydraulic  tests  due  to  the  presence  of  micro- 
scopical pores  formed  between  two  constituents  of  widely-different 
properties.  The  most  marked  improvement  was  found  to  be  pro- 
duced by  annealing  the  bars  for  half-an-hour  at  a  temperature  of 
700°  C,  as  the  physical  tests  showed  lower  results  both  above  and 
below  this  critical  point. 

The  report  of  Council  showed  that  the  membership  amounted  to 
614,  an  increase  of  28.  The  balance  to  the  credit  of  the  Institute 
at  June  30th,  1912,  was  £548,  in  addition  to  the  balance  in  the 
research  fund  and  various  minor  assets. 


Recent  Developments  in  tlie  Street  Lighting  of  Manchester. 

By  S.  L.  Peahce,  M.I.E.E.,  and  H.  A.  Ratcliff,  M.I.E.E. 

{Abstract  of  paper  read  hefwe  the  iNSTiTtiTiON   OF  Electrical 

Engineers,  at  AfancKester,  February  25th,  and  London, 

March  6th,    1913.) 

This  paper  is  principally  a  record  of  the  work  undertaken,  the 
results  obtained,  and  the  numerous  tests  and  experiments  upon 
which  the  satisfactory  completion  of  the  work  depended. 

The  first  installation  of  arc  lighting  in  Manchester  was  carried 
out  in  the  early  part  of  1897.  A  number  of  500- watt  "  open-type  " 
arc  lamps  of  the  short-hour  double-carbon  type,  suspended  about 
22  ft.  above  the  ground,  were  erected.  On  October  27th,  1897,  the 
City  Council  approved  a  report  of  the  Electricity  Committee  recom- 
mending that  all  tramway  routes  be  lighted  by  arc  lamps  ;  and  in 
the  following  year  application  was  made  to  the  Local  Government 
Board,  and  sanction  subsequently  received,  for  the  borrowing  of 
£7r>,000  for  street-lighting  purposes.  The  work  has  not  been  car- 
ried out,  though  at  one  period  it  was  the  distinct  desire  of  the 
Corporation  that  the  main  thoroughfares  should  be  so  illuminated. 

In  1904,  the  original  "  open-type  "  arcs  were  superseded  by  600- 
watt  and  900-watt  lamps  of  the  single-enclosure  type,  suspended 
some  18  ft.  tj  in.  from  the  ground,  and  burning  100  hours  without 
re-trimming. 

At  or  about  that  time  a  limited  number  of  intensified  gas  lamps 
had  been  placed  on  the  streets  of  Manchester  ;  comparative  results 


obtained  showtd  that  tht  ooit  of  a  ititnfmoiB  horiaonlal  OloMta*- 
tion  of  0'25  foot-oandln  per  lamp  i>er  hour  wm  <>  J7d.  fur  the  «0«^- 
watt  arcs,  and  I'Sld.  for  the  Inti-nsifled  gafl.  fh<-  runnlnif  cort  p«r' 
1,000  O.i'.-hoiir^  was  similarly  0  7')d.  for  the  arcn,  and  I  OOd.  for  tba 
intonsifled  gus. 

The  year  nim;  markrd  the  biginning  of  thn  nap<rrseatrion  of  tb« 
single-enclosure  type  of  lamp  by  moKaxine  flame  »r»,  which  wm 
complct<!d  by  the  end  of  Mil  1. 

That  the  amount  of  electric  street  lighting  is  ridlcolonsly  nnall. 
is  due  to  the  faot  that  up  to  a  very  recent  date  the  Gas  Committc<; 
of  the  Corporation  has  been  the  stret.-t- lighting  authority.  On 
October  2nd,  1912,  the  City  Council  placed  the  control  of  the  light 
ing  of  the  streets  under  tlie  authority  of  a  Street  Lighting  Com- 
mittee, and  it  is  hoped  that  impartial  consideration  will  be  acc<jrded 
in  the  future  to  the  rival  illuminants. 

Arising  out  of  a  proposal  to  extend  the  high-preesure  gas  light- 
ing system,  the  City  Council,  on  February  Ist,  1911,  authorised  a 
scheme  of  competition  between  the  two  rival  illuminantt.  No 
restrictions  were  placed  on  either  department :  each  wa«  to  do  Its 
best. 

This  paper  is  particularly  concerned  with  the  comparative  results 
of  Princess  Street  and  Portland  Street,  which  may  be  regarded  aa 
typical  examples  of  modern  street  lighting  by  high-pressure  i^as 
lamps  and  high -candle-power  dame  arcs  respectively. 

Four  Keith  high-pressure  lamps  were  suspended  in  Princess  Street 
at  the  same  height  above  the  roadway  as  the  arc  lamps,  namely. 
27  ft.  6  in.  The  distance  between  the  lampe  averaged  100  ft.  6  in. 
Each  lampcontained  three  inverted  burners,  and  clearglobes  were  used. 
At  normal  pressure  each  burner  was  rated  at  I.'jOO  c.i-..  or  a  total  of 
4,.')00  c.p.  for  the  complete  lamp  ;  but  the  maximum  candle-power 
obtained  was  only  about  half  this  figure.  As  originally  installed, 
the  lamps  were  fitted  with  traversing  and  lowering  gears  :  but  these 
were  apparently  not  successful,  as  the  lamps  were  at  a  later  date 
fixed  permanently  in  position.  The  flexible  gas  supply  tubing  was 
also  replaced  by  rigid  galvanised  gas  barrel. 

Princess  Street  is  60  ft.  wide,  and  as  the  lamps  were  on  an  average 
only  IOC)  ft.  6  in.  apart,  the  resulting  illumination  was  very  good, 
and  far  superior  to  any  previous  example  of  high-pressure  gas 
lighting  in  Manchester.  Presumably  in  order  to  improve  still 
further  the  maximum  illuminating  effect,  but  certainly  not  the 
uniform  distribution  of  the  light,  the  lamps  have  been  lowered  about 
a  foot. 

The  central-suspension  system  was  chosen  for  the  lighting  of 
Portland  Street,  and  certain  predetermined  "  units  "  of  light  wer« 
erected  at  such  calculated  distances  apart  as  to  give  the  maximum 
illumination  for  the  least  capital  expenditure. 

In  addition  to  low  initial  costs,  the  central  lighting  system  has  the 
following  advantages,  which  appear  to  outweigh  certain  known  dii- 
advantages  : — 

(a)  The  distributing  mains  can  all  be  kept  to  one  side  of  tht 
street. 

(A)  No  separate  lighting  standards  are  required  on  the  street 
pavements,  with  consequent  advantage  to  pedestrian  trafiBo. 

((')  A  more  even  illumination  is  obtained  ;  in  other  words,  th« 
ratio  of  maximum  to  minimum  illumination  is  less  than  with 
side  lighting  for  a  given  amount  of  electrical  power  employed. 

The  traflSc  in  Portland  Street  is  of  a  very  dense  character.  It 
was  therefore  deemed  advisable  to  aim  »for  a  high  standard  of 
minimum  illumination,  viz.,  something  of  the  order  of  05  foot- 
candle. 

The  length  of  Portland  Street  is  1,751  ft.,  and  its  width  66  ft. 
Sixteen  550-watt  lamps,  working  four  in  series  on  the  200-volt 
mains,  have  been  erected  :  the  distance  between  lamps  varies  from 
114  ft.  to  124  ft. 

Eight  of  the  16  lamps  are  run  on  an  all-night  circuit,  and  the 
remaining  eight  are  switched  off  at  11p.m.  The  switching  "  on  " 
and  "  off  "  is  automatically  controlled  by  time  switches. 

With  six  exceptions  the  arc  lamps  were  suspended  28  ft.  above 
the  level  of  the  street  by  means  of  two  wrought-iron  straps,  from 
two  steel  wires  of  ^^in.  diameter,  placed  14  in.  apart,  one  above 
the  other  in  a  vertical  plane  (see  fig.  1 ).  Under  these  conditions 
the  swinging  of  the  span  wires  is  largely  counteracted. 

The  lamps  are  fixtures,  and  all  trimming  has  to  be  done  from  a 
tower  wagon. 

From  the  street  level  to  a  height  of  some  8  ft.,  galvanised  steel 
tubing  is  run  up  the  building  walls.  The  service  branch  cables  • 
drawn  through  the  tubing  then  enter  a  connecting  box,  and  from 
the  latter  a  heavily  sheathed  7/18  s.w.o.  twin  vulcanised  india- 
rubber  cable  is  fastened  to  the  upper  part  of  the  walls  with  raw- 
hide cleate,  and  is  then  carried  across  the  span  wires  to  the  lamps 
by  meats  of  pigskin  suspenders.  The  lamps  are  of  the  magazins 
type,  and  the  actual  hours  of  burning  average  70  ;  but  it  ie  usual  to 
allow  only  65. 

The  first  results  obtained  were  not  considered   altogether  satis- 
factory.    Shadows  and  concentric  rings  were  practically  eliminated  . 
by  the  use  of  slightly  opalescent  outer  globes,  but  the  efficiency 
of  the  lamps  was  impaired  to  a  very  appreciable  extent,  and  the 
distribution  of  light  was  rather  worse  than  before. 

It  is  apparent,  from  an  inspection  of  the  polar  curves  (fig.  2),  that 
neither  the  clear  nor  the  opalescent  outer  globes  were  suited  to  the 
conditions. 

The  height  of  the  lamps  was  lowered  from  28  ft.  to  27  ft.  6  in., 
to  mask  certain  shadows  of  the  trolley-wires. 

Whilst  the  lamps  were  undoubtedly  giving  their  rated  candle- 
power,  yet,  owing  to  the  particular  design  of  the  outer  opalescent 
globes  and  spinnings,  practically  all  the  lays  from  the  horizontal  to 
the  18°  angle  below  the  horizontal  were  entirely  blotted  out. 
It  was  decided  to  modify  the  construction  of  the  spinnings,  lower- 
ing the  arc  a  distance  of  S-in..  and  to  use  another  type  of  ontsr 
globe  in  which  there  was  less  int«rf«r«nc«  with  the  dirset  trsju- 


498 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.72.  No.  1,843,  mabch  21, 1913. 


inleslon  of  the  Ujrht  rays  In  the  nelgrhbonrhood  of  20*  below  the 
horizontal  (fig.  8).  The  alterations  reculted  in  a  substantial 
increase  in  the  candle-power  emitted  between  the  angles  of  10°  and 
20",  the  maximum  ray  attaining  8,600  C.P.  at  23'. 

In  the  early  part  of  1912  the  Manchester  Corporation  called  in 
Mr.  Jacques  Abady  and  Mr.  ITaydu  Harrison  to  report  on  the  two 
systems  of  street  illumination  as  carried  out  in  Princess  Street  and 
Portland  Street  respectively.  The  reports  of  these  gentlemen  have 
already  appeared  in  the  technical  Press.* 

In  order  that  the  comparison  between  the  various  schemes  of 
lighting  might  be  both  definite  and  reliable,  and  also  to  enable  the 
best  results  to  be  obtained  from  the  arc  lamps,  a  very  considerable 
amount  of  photometric  testing  was  necessary.  This  work  was  in 
progress  for  over  twelve  months,  and  many  thousands  of  readings 
were  taken  during  that  period. 

All  the  testing  was  done  in  the  streets  at  night  with  the  lamps 
burning  under  normal  conditions. 

The  photometer  used  was  a  modification  of  an  instrument  con- 
structed by  Messrs.  Alexander  Wright  &  Co.  The  photometer  head 
isof  the  Simmanceand  Abady  flicker  type.  This  photometer  measures 
the  actual  light  flux  density  of  the  incident  ray,  from  which  values 
for  candle-power  and  the  intensity  of  illumination  on  vertical  or 
horizontal  planes  can  readily  be  calculated.    The  complete  apparatus 


The  shadowg  cast  by  the  flame  arc  lamps  when  burning  with  clear 
inner  and  outer  globes  are  very  intense,  and  there  is  no  appreciable 
shading  of  the  edges ;  consequently,  it  is  possible  to  confuse 
shadows  with  actual  objects.  The  smallnees  of  the  Hsjht  source, 
or,  in  other  words,  the  high  intrinsic  brilliance,  and  the  fact  that 
the  arc  is  well  up  under  the  reflector  is  no  doubt  the  cause  of  the 
objectionable  horizontal  dark  zone  noticeable  in  cases  where 
reflectors  are  used. 

(71)  bt  concluded.) 


Fig. 


I        a  and  b,  with  original  globes  and  spinnings ; 
'  a,  outer  globes  clear :  h,  outer  globes  opalescent ; 
e,  with  clear  globes  ot  the  type  now  used. 


Fig.  3.— Inner  axd  Outee  Globks 
NOW  USED.      Original  shown 


Fig.  2. — Polar  Curves  for  550-watt  Lamps. 


Dotted, 


is  mounted  on  a  special  cart,  by  means  of  which  it  can  be  wheeled 
about  as  required.  Owing  to  numerons  structural  alterations,  and 
for  no  oiher  reasons,  it  was  not  conveniently  possible  to  arrange 
the  photometer  for  taking  readings  at  a  less  distance  than  5  ft. 
from  the  ground. 

Many  of  the  measurements  have,  for  purposes  of  comparifon, 
been  reduced  to  their  corresponding  values  on  a  horizontal  plane 
3  ft.  3  in.  ab"ve  the  ground. 

Two  6-voltOsram  lamps  were  used  alternatively  in  the  photometer 
as  sub-standards  of  luminous  intensity,  thus  providing  a  check 
on  the  measurements.  The  lamps  were  snpplitd  from  a  20  ampere- 
hour  accumulator,  burning  when  the  discbarge  curve  of  voltage 
was  practically  horiz  'ntal. 

In  addition  to  photometer  meastirements,  a  few  observations  were 
also  taken  with  a  luminometer. 

The  results  of  the  numerous  photometric  tests  are  given  graphic- 
ally in  the  paper.  The  resolts  of  street  photometric  tests  are  very 
frequently  questioned,  and  gas  authorities  invariably  dispute  their 
accuracy.  A  conei!<tently  maintained  degree  of  accuracy  within  a 
limit  of  5  per  cent,  is  all  that  is  necescary  for  ordinary  street  work, 
and  is  recognised  as  snfiiciently  close  by  most  of  the  authorities  on 
photometric  work.  As  all  the  curves  obtained  were  plotted  from 
the  "means"  of  numerous  readings  tsken  with  every  necessary 
precaution,  it  may  be  reasonably  assumed  that  the  limit  of  possible 
error  did  not  exceed  5  per  cent.,  and,  in  many  cases,  was  probably  less. 

The  gas  lamps  give  a  much  steadier  light  than  the  arc  lamps,  but 
their  candle-power  varies  very  considerably  from  day  to  day.  The 
candle-power  of  a  particular  lamp  may  fall  at  least  50  per  cent, 
before  the  mantUs  are  renewed,  unlefs  it  is  arranged  to  change 
only  one  mantle  at  a  time,  thus  spreading  the  complete  change  over 
a  fairly  long  period. 

The  candle-power  of  the  arc  lamps  may  vary  quite  appreciably 
within  a  few  minutes,  but  provided  that  the  sane  make  of  carbons 
is  used  the  average  candle-power  at  any  particular  angle  will  not 
change  to  any  extent  from  day  to  day,  if  the  line  voltage  is  reason- 
ably constant. 

A  very  important  feature  directly  affecting  the  comfort  of  the 
general  public  is  the  absence  or  otherwise  of  glare.  In  this  respect, 
the  3-barner  bitjh-prts'ure  eras  lamps  have  an  advantage  over  the 
flame  arc  lamps  with  clear  inner  and  outer  glol  es.  The  use  of  clear 
outer  glot>e8  with  flame  arc  lamps  is  in  fact  hardly  advisable  from 
the  point  of  view  of  scientific  I'irhting. 

Two  noti<  cable  fextues  in  Princess  Street  are  the  comparative 
Bsfine-s  of  the  shadows  of  objects  cast  on  the  ground  and  the 
absence  of  a  pronounced  dark  horizuntal  zone  in  line  with  the 
reflectors.  The  first  rt-sult  is  undonbtedly  due  in  a  great  measure 
to  the  fairly  large  triple  light  source,  which  haw  the  effect  of 
shading  iff  the  edges  of  sbadows  ;  and  the  absence  of  a  dark  zone 
in  line  with  the  reflect4ir8  is  no  doubt  dup  partly  to  the  tact  that 
the  source  of  light  is  well  b^low  the  rtflector,  and  partly  to  the 
reflection  from  the  inner  surface  of  the  large  globes. 

*  Electrical  Review,  November  Ist,  1912,  fge  693. 


Discussion  in  London. 

Mr.  a.  H.  Seabrook,  in  opening  the  discussion,  said  that  if 
the  London  electrical  engineers  had  had  such  records  as  those  con- 
tained in  the  paper,  18  months  ago,  they  would  not  have  been 
troubled  by  competitors  to  the  extent  that  they  were.  The  figures 
given  were  conclusive.  He  quite  agreed  with  the  centrally -hung 
lamps,  but  did  not  understand  the  absence  of  lowering  gear,  which 
was  a  great  convenience.  In  the  case  of  the  Oxford  Street  lamps, 
lowering  gear  had  superseded  the  use  of  the  tower  wagon,  and  it 
had  paid  for  itself  in  18  months  in  labour  saved.  It  was  essential 
to  use  good  carbons,  arc  lighting  being  the  best  possible  advertise- 
ment for  electric  lighting  ;  the  authors'  figure 
of  carbon  cost,  "2d.  per  lamp  per  hour, 
was  a  good  one,  which  he  (the  speaker) 
had  not  found  it  advisable  to  reduce. 
The  fixed  costs  of  £6  1  per  kw.  connected 
for  lighting  was  a  good  covering  figure  ; 
the  estimated  70  per  cent,  use  of  lighting 
connection  (allowed  in  calculating  the  fixed 
costs)  seemed  high.  In  fixing  cost  it  should 
be  remembered  that  the  load  was  largely 
a  non-peak  one  ;  he  asked  whether  the  figures 
of  cost  were  price  charged  or  actual  cost. 
■  Mr.  Haydn  Harrison  said  a  great  deal  of  the 
work  covered  by  the  paper  had  been  also  carried 
out  in  London,  but  the  results  had  not  pre- 
viously been  published  as  in  this  case.  High- 
pressure  gas  was  shown  to  be  out  of  court,  but 
it  was  only  fair  to  mention  that  the  pressure 
was  lower  in  Manchester  than  in  London,  and 
the  results  not  so  good.  But  a  higher  pressure 
was  impossible  in  Manchester  on  account  of 
leakage,  and  even  with  the  increased  pressure 
electricity  was  the  better  of  the  two.  The 
success  of  the  Manchester  arc  lighting  was 
due  to  the  care  taken  with  the  installation  :  indtscnminate 
arc  lighting  had  done  more  harm  than  good.  Dr.  Bloch,  who 
was  an  authority  on  the  matter,  gave  2.5  5  C.P.  per  cb.  ft.  of 
high-pressure  g»s  as  a  practical  figure,  and  reliable  tests  in  this 
country  gave  27  C.P. ;  the  claim  to  50  c  P.  was  excessive,  but 
the  lower  figures  might  possibly  be  exceeded.  The  Manchester 
street  illumination  suffered  from  the  black  buildings,  and  at  the 
time  of  the  ttst  a  lamp  opposite  a  new  building  appeared  to  be  the 
best,  and  would  have  been  judged  the  best  by  the  average  observer, 
which  showed  the  necessity  of  photometry.  He  believed  the 
intrinsic  brilliancy  of  the  H  p. -gas  lamps  in  Regent  Street  was  far 
higher  than  that  of  the  arc  lamps  adopted  in  Manchester,  and  a 
great  deal  higher  than  for  the  arc  with  an  obscuring  globe. 

Prof.  Schwartz  said  one  of  the  great  difficulties  in  street 
photometry  was  the  large  range  of  illumination  which  bad  to  be 
measured  ;  a  photometer,  such  as  that  used  by  the  authors,  was 
liable  to  introduce  errors  due  to  its  construction.  The  metre  height 
above  ground  proposed  for  outdoor  photometric  measurements,  was 
an  inconvenient  one,  and  he  thought  1 J  metres,  or  approximately 
the  height  of  the  eye,  would  be  better.  Tests  taken  by  his 
assistants  confirmed  the  results  in  the  paper,  and  the  great  varia- 
tion in  illumination  of  high-prei-sure  gas  lamps.  He  congratulated 
the  authors  on  the  absence  of  glare  ;  this  was  cheaply  obtained  at 
the  cost  of  a  little  light. 

Mr  Frank  Bailey  thought  it  might  be  cheaper  for  the  Man- 
chester authorities  to  clean  the  buildings,  and  save  energy  now 
used  in  obtaining  the  minimum  illumination.  The  City  of  London 
E.L.  Co.  had  published  all  the  principal  results  obtained  from  its 
experiments  in  street  lighting,  which  covered  much  the  same 
ground  as  the  authors.  .Judging  by  his  experience  the  authors  had 
secured  some  curious  results  from  dioptric  globes  ;  the  latter  were 
not  easy  to  design,  and  in  his  own  case,  a  special  mould  had  to  be 
provided  before  the  glass-maker  would  make  them.  The  treatment 
of  the  arc  lamp  globes  at  Manchester  destroyed  the  skin  of  the 
glass,  which  it  was  difficult  to  preserve  even  in  the  normal  state. 
He  could  not  agree  that  arcs  would  not  burn  as  steadily  as  gas 
lamps  and  strongly  advocated  further  experiments  with  dioptric 
glot>es  which  wouW  remedy  such  a  defect. 

Mr.  K.  ED(;cu.mbb  said  the  metre  height  for  photometric 
measur'  ments  had  been  adopted  as  a  standard  by  the  Germans. 
He  thought  the  authors  might  explain  a  little  more  definitely 
whit  they  meant  by  horiz mtal  illumination.  Illumination  had 
nothing  to  do  with  ground  surf  ac.i  ;  the  figures  given  were  presumably 
calculated  illumination  of"  the  area  covered — not  necessarily 
Portland  Street.  He,  however,  thought  the  illumination  should 
take  into  account  the  conditions  due  to  the  buildiags,  such  as 
rtfleo'ion,  kc. 

Prof.  .j.  T.  Morris  asked  whether  the  effect  of  the  fog  on  the  gas 
mantles  was  due  to  carbon  getting  in  with  the  air,  depositiag  on 
the  mantle  and  diminitihing  the  c  P.  It  was  regrettable  that  the 
gas  lamps  were  not  working  at  their  highest  eflicienoy,  but  high- 
pressure  gas  lamps  did  not  give  their  supposed  candle-power  ; 
a  falling  off  of  26  per  cent.,  and  in  some  cases  of  60  per  cent,,  being 


Vol.72.   No.  i,s4:i,MAU(m-i,i!n:i.]        XH  K    KI jKXrrUK'Alj     liKVlF-W 


-199 


found.  Ilifl  own  exporimontH  conflrmed  the  (Treat  rediiutioii  in  n.r. 
hIiowii  by  tho  RuthorH.  lie  nekcd  whether  the  authorx  had 
inon«urpineiitH  to  prove  the  Hiiporior  |)(metriitii)ii  of  th(>  iirir  liiiiipM 
in  fo(f ,  aH  lie  know  of  oaweH  where  Kiis  had  heeii  a(lo|)te<i  owiiivr  to  the 
BtfttenientH  an  to  the  latter  beinn  Huperior.  In  lookiiiy  into  tho 
i|ueMtion  of  oohIh,  to  lind  the  direction  of  poHHible  iinprovornentn,  ho 
found  in  the  ease  of  the  are  litrhtini;  that  eniTfy  eont  (lO-t;.'.  per 
cent.,  trimming  and  inaintenanco  7-8  per  cent.,  and  carbonn 
y8-H0  per  oent.,  of  tho  total,  while  in  the  cane  of  the  (^aslampH,  gan 
accounted  for  SO  per  cent,  trimininK'  and  maintenance  l:i  per  cent, 
and  mantle.s  7  per  cent,  of  the  total.  Itha<l  to  lie  remembered  ihat 
the  7  per  cent.  waH  for  mantles  (fivinjr  only  half  their  eandle-power, 
and  if  the  latter  were  increaFcd  the  life  would  be  chortened. 

Mil.  Dow  Haid  the  nearly  horizontal  rays  caused  the  (flare,  but 
they  were  wanted  to  (jive  even  illumination  ;  the  authorB'  plobe 
appeared,  if  anjthinpr,  to  inton.sify  the  elare.  He  queHtioncd 
whether  any  form  of  diffustinp  globe  would  (rreatly  all'ect  the  illu- 
mination curve.  The  ideal  curve  could  be  obtained  with  the 
metal  lamp  ;  with  (lame  arcs  the  litfht  fell  Btraight  down,  and  the 
problem  was  to  take  some  of  it  and  redirect  it  rather  than  to 
smother  it.  He  did  not  consider  the  colour  effect  would  be 
appreciable  with  tho  order  of  illumination  used  at  Manchester. 

Mr.  a.  p.  Trottku,  in  a  communication,  said  the  two  rivals 
seemed  to  have  had  in  view  copious  illumination,  uniformity  of 
distribution,  and  economy  ;  if  these  were  their  objects  they  had  both 
succeeded  admirably.  The  difference  between  the  illumination  of 
the  two  streets,  and  between  the  uniformity  of  distribution,  was 
imperceptible  without  a  photometer,  and  the  price  was  in  favour 
of  electricity.  Until  this  experiment  was  made  Manchester  was, 
and  in  most  of  its  other  streets  still  was,  the  worst  lighted  of  our 
srreat  cities.  Other  street  lighting:  authorities  who  mif^ht  examine 
the  results  described,  should  not  assume  that  a  capital  expenditure 
of  £1,500  per  mile  of  street,  or  £250  per  mile  per  annum,  was 
necessary  for  streets  havinpr  the  traffic  of  Princess  Street,  or  even 
of  Portland  Street,  after  7  p.m.  The  gTa.dmg  of  the  lierhting  to 
suit  the  requirements  of  the  traffic  in  different  streets,  and  the 
hours  durinpr  which  that  traftio  existed,  were  necessary  factors  in 
economy,  unless  a  spectacular  display  was  desirable  for  the 
purpose  of  makinfr  a  town  look  attractive  and  g&y. 
The  whole  of  the  illumination  measurements  might  have  been 
made  with  one  of  four  or  five  direct-reading  instruments,  either  at 
3  ft.  3  in.,  or  actually  on  the  ground,  with  no  calculations  what- 
ever. In  street  lighting  one  need  not  worry  about  the  Purkinje 
effect,  it  did  not  begin  appreciably  to  alter  the  relative  brightness 
of  red  and  green  until  the  illumination  had  been  reduced  to  about 
0'025  ft.-candle.  The  authors  said  that  their  tests  demonstrated 
a  rather  objectionable  feature  of  dioptric  globes,  namely,  the 
strongly-defined  optical  centre.  But  a  dioptric  shade  generally 
meant  one  which,  by  the  use  of  calculated  planes  and  curves,  so 
distributed  the  rays  of  light  that  a  certain  predetermined  effect  was 
produced.  It  was  nece.'sary  to  assume  an  initial  distribution 
within  the  shade,  and  this  implied  a  focus  or  optical  centre. 
Dioptric  shades  were  offered  for  street  lighting  in  which  no  intelli- 
gence seemed  to  have  been  used  in  the  design,  and  well-designed 
shades  were  so  unintelligent ly  used  as  to  defeat  the  intended  effect 
altogether.  With  a  fixed  focus  arc  there  should  be  no  difficulty  in 
setting  the  shade  as  the  inventor  or  designer  intended.  In  187',)  he 
thought  that  uniform  illumination  was  desirable  in  street  lighting, 
but  now  he  considered  a  street  was  more  usefully  lighted  when  the 
ratio  of  maximum  to  minimum  was  15,  or  even  greater.  When  half 
the  lights  were  switched  oft"  in  Portland  Street,  after  11  p.m.,  the 
street  was  excellently  lighted.  The  graded  frosting  of  the  outer 
globes  in  Portland  Street,  no  doubt,  contributed  largely  to 
the  uniformity  of  the  lighting  which  had  been  achieved, 
but  it  was  like  regulating  the  speed  of  a  steam  engine  by 
a  brake  instead  of  by  the  steam  admission.  There  were  two 
good  features  in  the  gas  lighted  Princess  Street,  which  were 
well  known  to  electrical  engineers,  but  whish  had  not  been 
adopted  in  Portland  Street.  The  gas  lamps  were  surrounded 
by  large  clear  globes.  The  large  size  might  be  necessary  on  account 
of  the  intense  heat,  but  they  looked  well.  While  the  maximum 
candle-powers  were  about  the  same,  the  glare  looking  straight  at 
the  arcs  was  greater  in  his  opinion  than  with  the  gas  lamps.  The 
lesser  glare  of  the  gas  seemed  to  be  due  to  the  use  of  a  white 
reflector.  If  large  white  reflectors  were  used  with  the  arcs  the 
glare  would  be  reduced,  although  the  reflectors  would  be  of  little 
use  in  the  sense  of  reflectors. 

Mr.  S.  L.  Peakce,  in  replying,  pointed  out  that  there  was  no 
power  to  attach  to  buQdings  in  Manchester,  and  although  consent 
to  the  fixing  of  rosettes  was  obtained,  the  fixing  of  winches  was 
objected  to.  The  cost  given  in  the  appendix  included  nothing  for 
profit,  but  it  was  ample,  and  some  items,  having  nothing  to  do  with 
street  lighting,  might  be  omitted.  The  business  lighting  load  in 
Manchester  was  a  high  percentage  of  the  total,  and  he  did  not 
think  the  70  per  cent,  referred  to  by  Mr.  Seabrook  was  too  high. 
The  standard  of  illumination  was  high,  but  he  considered  that  it 
could  be  fully  maintained  all  night  with  advantage.  He  could  not 
recall  any  very  detailed  information  having  been  published  in 
regard  to  the  lighting  in  the  City  of  London  :  Mr.  Bailey  had  a 
preference  for  dioptric  globes,  while  in  Manchester  they  preferred 
graded  globes,  and  did  not  find  their  life  shortened  by  the  treat- 
ment given.  In  regard  to  candle-power  per  cb.  ft.,  he  was  under 
the  impression  that  leading  gas  authorities  did  not  claim  more  than 
40  c.P.  at  the  present  time. 

Mb.  Ratclifp,  who  also  briefly  replied,  said  the  horizontal  illu- 
mination they  had  in  mind  was  the  impressed  light,  not  reflected 
light.  Careful  observation  had  confirmed  the  superiority  of  the 
arc  lamps  in  a  fog. 


DiHOUIWION  AT  Manchkhtkk. 
I)lt.  K.  ItuHKNiiK.Kii    ciijd  that,  m«inif  Mo!.|«'y  .Htre»t  n^  l 

street,  OIK!   lind   the  cleiir   ifiiprenHii.n    thiit   there  w»<- 
botwcon   tho  (Iub  and    lOlectririty  l^uiiimittev)!.       In   ••  ^   '    i, 

there  wuh  by  no  meanH  an  abitence  of  glare,  and  one  waq  quite  ■« 
bad  aH  the  other,  it  wum  un  if  the  illumination  (irnblem  wa«  in  it« 
infancy,  and  nothini.'  wax  known  alxiut  illuminatinir  ftrtiftn  and 
houscH.  In  ManchoMter  oim  could  we  tlie  lmn(>i<  but  not  Ihf;  raot/jr- 
carH.  IIo  (roiihiderefl  the  photuneUir  whh  umwI  too  much,  h*  it  only 
showed  what  tho  ••ye  Haw. 

Mil.  Ai.DKii.M AS  Wai.kkk  Haid  that  tho  paper  would  have  the 
effect  of  making  electrical  authorities  aMHert  thomiielveii  more  In 
thi«  matter.  Itegardiiig  fogj^y  weather,  in  Portland  .''treet  with 
its  lampH  Hpaceil  a  greater  diHtaiice  apart  than  the  ga-i  lampii  in 
Princess  Street  the  lighting  was  infinitely  l>etter,  under  the 
actual  condilionH.  lie  anked  the  authorit  if  they  hail  taken  into 
account  the  quantity  of  low-proHHure  gan  UHed  a«  a  by-pai>H  for  the 
high-pressure  gns.  In  WeHtiiiinHter,  ho  ur.derHtood,  it  worked  oat  at 
aliout  Is.  p>-r  lamp  per  annum. 

Mu  H.  R.  Bi  UNKTT  said  the  figurcH  given  for  trimming  ami 
maintenance  were  remarkably  low  and  required  a  little  explanation. 
The  cost  per  mile  of  street  per  annum  was  given  a»  £2.'il  :  it  ?fhould 
be  reinc  inhered  that  this  figure  did  not  include  any  capital  chargei*, 
and  was  only  for  the  lamps  to  1 1  p.m.  If  the  capital  charges  were 
added  the  cost  of  this  lighting  amounted  to  £.'.00  per  mile  of  street. 
He  thought  '5  ft.-candle  was  too  high  a  minimum  illumination. 
If  the  main  streets  were  lighted  to  this  standard,  the  illumination 
of  the  side  streets  running  into  them  must  be  raiBed  also.  The 
figure  of  si  per  cent,  on  capital  charges  appeared  to  be  inadcjuate. 
Mu.  A.  AsoOLi)  said  he  did  not  think  the  raising  of  the  fittings 
,',  in.  produced  all  the  improvement,  the  change  from  one  globe 
to  another  had  a  lot  to  do  with  it.  He  explained  how  the  globe 
had  the  eil'eet  of  diffusing  a  light  and  boo.sting  the  light  up  at  the 
angles  of  1.5°  and  20.  The  glass,  although  clear,  had  considerable 
reflecting  power  :  the  beam  thrown  by  the  inner  globe  was  on  the 
20°  line,  and  that  from  the  outer  globe  along  the  15°  line.  About 
the  question  of  glare  from  the  full  line  globes  shown  in  fig.  ).  thiB 
would  not  be  very  noticeable  if  looked  at  anywhere  from  35* 
upwards  to  the  horizontal,  because  of  the  fact  that  so  much  light 
was  coming  from  the  surface  of  the  globe.  The  graded  frosting 
was  a  very  good  idea,  but  he  did  not  think  it  would  be  permanently 
satisfactory,  because  all  frosted  globes  tended  to  take  up  dirt,  and 
the  frosting  spoilt  the  effect  of  reflection  along  the  30°  line. 

Dr.  T.  Z.  Zettell  said  that  it  was  only  recently  that  the  design 
of  arc-lamp  globes  had  been  given  serious  attention,  and  an 
endeavour  made  to  design  them  scientifically.  He  asked  whether 
any  special  notice  was  taken  of  the  state  of  the  globes  when  the 
tests  were  made  ;  experiments  had  shown  that  a  great  difference 
could  be  found  in  candle-power  figures  when  taken  with  clean  and 
dirty  globes. 

Mr.  E.  H.  Hollingsworth  said  he  had  had  to  abandon  arc  lamps 
in  favour  of  metallic-filament  lighting,  principally  for  the  reasons 
mentioned  by  Mr.  Burnett.  In  the  old  days  arc  lamps  had  to  be 
placed  80  yards  apart,  and  the  lighting  was  very  unsatisfactory 
midway  between  the  lamps  :  metal-filament  lamps  of  21" •  c.P. 
were  now  fixed  on  each  tramway  standard,  and  the  lighting  was 
very  satisfactory. 

Mr.  H.  T.  Wilkinson  did  not  think  that  the  system  of  overhead 
suspension  was  used  in  England  as  much  as  it  should  be.  On  the 
Continent  it  was  used  much  more  freely.  He  could  not  under- 
stand why  anyone  trying  to  do  his  best  should  choose  such  an  unsuit- 
able street  as  Portland  Street. 

Mr.  a.  a.  Koppel  said  the  arc  lamps  in  Portland  Street  were  too 
brilliant  ;  they  might  be  useful  for  advertising  purposes,  but  were 
unsuitable  for  street  lighting.  Yellow  flame  arc  lamps  should  not 
be  used  for  street  lighting.  For  equal  distribution  of  light  and 
for  reducing  the  dark  shadows  complained  of  by  the  authors,  three 
200-watt  metal-filament  lamps  in  a  single  fitting  would  be  more  suit- 
able. It  would  be  worth  the  experiment  to  have  units  of  3,000  to  4.000 
C.P.  at  100  ft.  from  the  ground,  with  special  reflectors,  and  suitably 
spaced. 

Mr.  R.  G.  Cunlifke  said  that,  walking  fairly  often  amongst  the 
streets  mentioned,  anyone  watching  the  lighting  effects  had  been 
able  to  notice  very  ijuick  differences  in  the  shades,  and  often  at  close 
intervals,  places  which  had  been  in  shade  had  later  on  been  well 
illuminated.  Looking  towards  the  gas  lamps,  and  then  up  Portland 
Street,  there  was  very  little  difference  to  the  eye,  whatever  the 
photometer  might  show.  Dr.  Rosenberg  referred  to  the  question  of 
glare,  but  those  who  had  to  drive  in  these  streets  spoke  very  highly 
of  the  illumination  as  against  the  side  lighting.  In  Piccadilly. 
on  the  island  platforms  the  centre  lights  were  gas  lamps  with 
single  mantles,  which  were  very  brilliant,  but  the  glare  was  very 
objectionable  to  the  people  on  the  top  of  the  tramcars. 

Mr.  a.  Wilkinson  was  of  the  opinion  that  the  new  type  of 
globe  used  had  a  fixed  focal  point,  and  in  fitting  these  globes  to  the 
spinnings,  care  must  be  used  :  if  in  drawing  up  the  net  wires  one 
side  were  pulled  tighter  than  the  opposite  side,  the  globe  would  be 
canted  out  of  the  centre  line.  This  would  alter  the  angle  at  which 
the  light  rays  struck  the  inner  surface  of  the  globe,  the  resulting 
effect  being  to  deflect  the  rays  on  one  side  upwards,  and  on  the 
opposite  side  downwards  ;  and  as  the  40°  to  80°  rays  were  entirely 
reflected  ones,  it  was  important  that  they  should  not  be  distorted. 
If  possible  globes  should  be  made  with  necks,  having  a  more 
mechanical  support  than  nets.  With  the  type  of  lamp  used  in 
Portland  Street,  the  carbons  were  fed  alternately  to  the  right  and 
left  of  the  vertical  centre  line  of  the  lamp  and  its  globe  ;  thus  the 
arc  was  burning  out  of  centre  some  '  in.,  the  shadow  of  the  lower 
finial  was  projected  on  the  ground  in  an  eccentric  manner  relative 
to  the  centre  line  of  the  lamp  and  ground,  and  on  the  arc  changing 
over  to  the  incoming  carbons,  the  shadow  was  projected  on  to  the 


50J 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.72.  No.  i,84:!,  march  21, 1913. 


other  side  of  the  centre  line.  As  this  change  took  place  every  five 
hours,  it  was  a  difficult  matter  to  design  a  reflector  which  would 
blot  it  out  entirely. 

Mk.  r.  P.  Wheelwbkiht  said  that  in  these  days  when  main 
s^treettf  were  very  much  more  like  railway  tracks  than  roads,  the 
more  spent  to  good  advantage  on  the  lighting  of  streets,  the  fafer 
were  the  roads.  The  colour  of  the  flame  arc  was  attractive  to  the 
public,  and  in  the  streets  of  Lancashire  towns  lighting  was  a 
valuable  asset.  In  Blackburn  people  came  from  all  the  villages 
around  for  shopping,  and  the  more  attractive  the  streets  were 
made,  the  more  they  would  come. 

Mk  .1  ackso.n,  referring  to  the  low-pressure  gas  used  for  tlu'  by-pass, 
faid  it  was  a  curious  fact  that  gas  people  always  did  neglect  this 
point.  In  some  cases  it  worked  out  to  10s.  per  lamp  per  annum. 
To  compete  with  high-pressure  gas  lighting  by  metallic-filament 
lamps  would  result  in  failure,  and  the  only  way  to  attain  complete 
success  was  by  using  flame  arc  lamps.  The  maintenance  charge 
given  in  the  paper,  not  only  with  regard  to  the  electric  lighting, 
but  al.so  the  gas,  'O.'.d.  per  lamp,  worked  out  at  l.">0  lamps  per  man  ; 
no  one  man  could  look  after  150  Hume  arc  lamps.  A  figure  of 
•.'7s.  -'d.  per  lamp  per  annum  was  ((uoted  for  the  maintenance 
charges  for  gas  lamps— in  the  case  of  ordinary  gas  lamps  he  cal- 
culated Ks.  per  lamp,  and  in  street  gas  lamps  the  gas  people 
charged  :!0s.  per  lamp  per  annum,  but  he  thought  those  charges 
should  be  increased  by  at  least  50  per  cent. 

Mk.  S.  L.  Pearce,  in  reply,  said  with  regard  to  Dr.  Rosenberg's 
remark.-,  that  there  was  not  a  very  high  value  of  illumination  in 
Portland  Street,  and  at  present  he  did  not  consider  that  they  had 
carried  out  their  experiments  to  a  final  conclusion  in  regard  to 
getting  over  the  glare.  They  were  not  satisfied  that  the  best 
result*  had  yet  been  obtained.  He  thought  there  was  nothing 
included  for  the  gas  used  for  the  by-pass  in  the  figures  which  were 
returned  by  the  gas  department.  The  maintenance  cost  was  borne 
out  in  practice,  probably  because  Portland  Street  was  very  near 
Dickinson  Street  station,  and  consequently  very  little  time  was  lost 
in  going  to  and  fro.  He  did  not  agree  with  Mr.  Burnett  and  other 
speakers  that  there  was  too  high  a  standard  of  lighting  in  Portland 
Street,  and  that  it  was  too  expensive.  Those  who  resided  in  Man- 
chester knew  how  extremely  difficult  the  traffic  was,  especially 
between  4.30  and  C.30  in  the  evening.  A  most  valuable  report 
which  had  recently  been  issued  by  the  tramways  department, 
referred  tn  the  loss  of  the  tramways  due  to  drawing  up  on  account 
of  the  congestion  of  the  streets  in  the  central  area.  This  was  pos- 
sibly due  to  the  fact  that  the  illumination  in  the  important 
thoroughfares  was  very  poor,  and  the  tramway  traffic  was  often 
held  up  for  this  cause  also.  It  seemed  to  him  that  the 
tramway  authorities  would  very  much  reduce  the  energy  con- 
sumption per  car-mile  if  the  illumination  in  the  streets 
of  Manchester  was  improved.  He  was  surprised  to  hear  Mr. 
Burnett's  remark  that  on  lower  standards  of  illumination  metallic- 
filament  lamps  were  cheaper  than  flame  arcs.  For  street 
lighting  the  tendency  all  over  the  kingdom  to-day  was  for 
higher  candle-power,  and  therefore  the  tendency  would  be  to 
go  in  for  flame  arc  lamps  instead  of  metallic-filament  lamps. 
In  reply  to  Mr.  Jackson,  there  was  no  doubt  that  the  gas 
figures  had  all  been  based  on  laboratory  tests,  and  they  would  not 
deny  that  under  certain  perfect  conditions  it  was  possible  to  get 
60  c.p.  per  cb.  ft.  of  gas  per  hr.,  but  the  figure  had  been  used  in  a 
somewhat  unwarrantable  fashion.  Only  lately  Mr.  Frank  Good- 
enough  had  reduced  this  figure  from  GO  to  40.  He  thought  it 
absurd,  even  assuming  that  a  single  mantle  gave  l,50(i  c.p.,  to 
assert  that  4,500  c.i>.  was  obtained  from  three  mantles  in  the  same 
lamp,  as  there  must  be  some  masking  effect. 

MlJ.  Ratci.ifk.  in  reply  to  Mr.  Angold's  remarks  regarding  the 
20"  ray  of  light,  said  the  tests  did  show  that  they  got  something  of 
that  sort,  and  also  they  got  a  beam  of  light  at  a  lower  angle  which 
was  utilised  in  another  direction  by  means  of  the  globes.  It  was 
the  l>eam  of  light  at  the  lower  angle  which  the  eye  saw,  and  they 
tried  to  remedy  it  by  using  a  special  globe  and  got  two  advantages — ■ 
it  cut  off  the  light  they  did  not  want,  and-,  the  deflection  improved 
the  distribution  in  the  direction  where  it  was  required.  The  gas 
lamps  were  cleaned  for  all  the  teste,  and  the  electric  lamp  globes 
on  the  average  were  fairly  clean.  There  was  not  any  apparent 
difiference  between  the  illumination  in  Portland  Street  and  Mosley 
Street,  as  the  order  of  illumination  was  only  about  0"5  to  0"4. 
These  results  were  actually  confirmed  by  the  independent  experts. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR, 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913. 


Compiled  expressly  for  this  jonrnal  by  Mesbbs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co., 
Blectrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holbom,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Lirerpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inauiries  should  be  addressed. 


C,28.'>.  ■■  Electrioally-beated  apparatus."  E.  C.  R.  Masks.  (Landers, 
Frar}'  »  Clark,  L'nited  States.)    March  3rd.    (Complete.) 

C,290.  "Ignition  of  internal-combnstloD  engines."  J.  E.  Wass,  March 
Srd.    (Complete.) 

6,295.  "8yntcm.s  and  apparatus  (or  electrically  controlling  a  group  o( 
railway  hwitches  or  signals."  A.  K.  Alkxahdkb.  (Union  Switch  and  Signal 
Co.,  United  States,)    March  Srd.    (Complete.) 

S,907.  "  Electrical  resonance  apparatuh."  H.  W.  Hahdcock,  A.  H.  Dtkbs 
and  W.  DuDDELL.  (Divided  application  on  6,716,  1912,  March  19tb.) 
March  Srd. 

5,821.  "  Actuating  devices  for  circuit  closures."  O.  D.  YouHa.  (Con- 
vention date,  March  29th,  1912,  United  States.)    March  Srd.    (Complete.) 

0,352.  "  Electro-magnetioally  controllod  perforating  apparatus."  B, 
BoLDnr.HCtjv..  (Addition  to  14,658,1911.  Convention  dute,  March  16th,  1912, 
Krance.l    March  Srd.    (Complete.) 


5,E05.  "  Ignition  apparatus."  0.  Sculick.  (Convenlion  date,  March  6th, 
1912,  Get  111  tny.)     March  Srd.     (Complete.) 

5,411.  "KigulatioQ  ot  dynamo-electric  machines."  Bbitisu  Thomson- 
Hoi'STON  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  N.  biiui tlkworth.    March  4th, 

5,421.    "  Electric  signal  transmitters."    G.  H.  O.viwAY.    March  4th. 

6,449.  "Vapour  electric  devices."  British  Thom.son-Houston  Co.,  Ltd. 
(General  Electric  Ck).,  United  stales.)    March  4tb. 

5,46C.    "  Telephone  receJB'iiiK  apparatus."    R  Hopkins.    March  4th. 

6,463.  "  Klectiicallyopetated  winding  gear  for  clocks  and  the  like."  L.  J. 
AuoN  and  C.  H.  Harrison.     March  4th. 

5,491.  "  Arranuement  (or  slaitini;  groups  of  electrical  machines  consisting 
of  a  synchronous  and  an  asynchronous  niacliine  connected  in  oastade 
with  it."  \V.  P.  Thoui'son.  (Atcliersde  Constructions  Eluctriciue  de  Charlcroi, 
Belgium.)     (Addition  to  7135/12.)     March  5th.     (Complete.) 

5,483.    "  Electric  arc  lamps."    W.  U.  HiiiiNos.    March  5th. 

6,494.  "  Anti-vibration  supports  for  incandescent  electric  lamps."  A.  Boon 
and  H.  T.  Wilkinson.    March  5th. 

5,510.  "Method  of  and  apparatus  for  starting  the  operation  of  an  electric 
furnace  for  producing  metallic  powders."  M.  U.  Bchoop.  (Convention  date, 
March  8th,  1912,  Prance.)     March  6th.     (Complete.) 

5,523.  "  Electric  fuse  plugs."  Bhitish  Thomson-Houston  Co.  (Allgemeine 
Elektricidits  Ges.,  Germany.)    March  5th. 

6,629.  "Continuous  current  reducing  brake  connection  with  regulation  by 
resistances  in  parallel  with  the  motor  armature."  Allueheine  Elkktkicitats 
Ge8.     (Convention  date,  March  5th,  1912,  Germany.)    March  5ih.     (Complete.) 

6,.')32.  "Distributor  tor  electric  ignition  in  internal-combustion  engines." 
li.  Bosch  (firm  of).  (Addition  to  9,840/11.  Convention  dale,  April  12th,  1912, 
Germany.)    March  5th.    (Complete.) 

5,537.  "  Electric  signalling  systems."  Sir  A.  T.  Dawson  and  G.  T.  Bdckham. 
March  5th. 

5.544.  "Control  or  actuation  of  clocks  and  ol her  indicating  and  recording 
mechanism  by  wireless  or  other  waves."  E.  V.  Ghat/.e.  March  5th.  (Com- 
plete.) 

5.545.  "Electric  storage  system."  C.  F.  Eettbbikg.  (Divided  application 
on  3,194/12,  February,  1912.  Convention  date.  May  22nd,  1911,  United  States.) 
March  5th.    (Complete.) 

5,646.  "Automatic  electric  switches."  H.  C.  E.  Boutard.  (ConventiOD 
date,  March  6lh.  1912,  Denmark.)    March  6th.    (Complete.) 

5,549.  "Methuis  of  detecting  high-frequency  oscillations,"  E.  C.  YouNO. 
March  5th. 


5,579.  "  Emergency  magnetic  and  spring  cutoff  device."  B.  T.  Philups 
and  D.  J.  Phillips.     March  6th, 

5,593.  "  Device  for  indicating  failure  of  an  electric  lamp."  H,  H.  Chapmam, 
E.  J.  Deane  and  F.  M.  Barton.    March  lith. 

5,599.  "Electrical  signs  for  advertising  purposes."  X.li.  Preece,  March 
6th. 

5,626.  "  Electrical  annunciators."  British  L.  M.  Ericsson  MAM,'FAcitiBiiia 
Co.,  Ltd.,  and  A.  G.  Rooebs.    March  6th.    (Complete.) 

5,6)7.  "  Electrical  advertising  signs,  devices  or  the  like."  L.  Martin  and 
G.  Ni.xEV.     Match  6th. 

5,644.     "Secondary  batteries  or  accumulators."    F.J.Wood.    March  6th, 

5,640.  "  Electric  pocket  lamp  with  compass."  Electbombchanischf.  Indcs- 
TRiE  G.m.b.H.  (Convention  date,  November  22nd,  1912,  Germany.)  March 
6tb.    (Complete.) 

5,648.  "Electrical  order-transmitting  systems  and  the  like."  E.  A. 
Graham  and  W.  J.  Rickets.    March  6th.    (Complete.) 

5,653.  "  Maohine  telephone  switching  systems."  Wksteen  Electric  Co., 
Ltd.     (Western  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    March  6th. 

5,664.  "  Telephone  exchange  systems."  Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
(Western  Electric  Co.,  Belgium.)    Maich6th.     (Complete.) 

5,662.  "Protective  devices  for  electric  circuits."  E.  E.  F.  Creiohtoh. 
(Convention  date.  May  2nd,  1912,  United  States.)    March  6th.    (Complete.) 

5.726.  "  Electric  meters."    G.  Nckth.    March  7ih. 

5.727.  "Alternating-current  electric  meters."  G.  North  and  T,  W.  Rose. 
March  7th. 

5.734.  "  Electric  registering  devices."  Bhitish  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd. 
(Allgemeine  Elektricituts  Ges.,  Germany.)     March  7lh. 

5.735.  "Dynamo-electric  machines."  Britlsh Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd. 
(General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    March  7th. 

5,745.    "  Brush  and  sparking  plug  cleaner."    E.  Swinnev.    March  8th. 

5,748.  "  Potential  regulators  for  overcompounding  or  levelcompQunding  on 
alternating  current  Bystems."     A.  M.  Tavlob.     March  8th. 

5,763.  "  Method  of  electrically  governing  the  speed  of  engines  at  sea." 
A.  W.  Fithian.     March  8th. 

5.792.  "  Circuit  controller."  W.  Morrison.  (Convention  date,  January  loth, 
1913,  United  States.)    March  8th.    (Complete.) 

5,802.  "Telephone  receiver  supports."  F.  S.  Maxwell.  March  8tb.  (Com- 
plete.) 

5,805.  "Telegraphic  transmitterf."  W.  8.  Btel.iks  and  Beuesi,  Ltd. 
March  8th. 

5,830.  "  Voltage  regulation  of  alteinatingourrent  circuits."  H.  M.  Taylor, 
R.  U.  BcoTsoN  and  E   Cox-Walkeb.    March  8lh. 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
ot  Messbs.  W.  p.  Thompson  &  Co.,  286,  High  Holbom,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradfcrd  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1912. 

Appliances  or  Means    fob    Mountino  Incandescent    Electric    Lahps    and 

Reflectors  therefor.    A.  W.  Beuttell.     1,180.    January  16tli. 
Electrioally-opkrateu  Doors.    G.  Korytowski.    8,786.    February  14th. 
Appabatus  fob  Transmitting  Automatically  to  a   Distance  Indications  of 

THE  Operative  Positions  of  Devices.     A.  G.   Bloxam.     (Uussische  Akt.- 

Ges.  L.M.  Ericsson  &  Co.)    8,742.     February  14th. 
Electrical  Installations  yon  Lioutino,  Hkatino  and  Ventilating  Railway 

Carriaoks  and  for  Similar  Pirposes.    J.  Stone  &  Co.  and  A.  H.  Darker. 

4,073.    February  17th. 
Electrically-heated  Cooking  Utensils.    W.P.Perry.    4,090.    February  19th. 
Regulation  of  the  Speed  of  Elbctricallv-drivkn  Ring-spinning  Machines. 

J.  Kommerich.    4,240.    February  19th.     (February  18th,  1911.) 
Dynamo-electric  Machines  of    the    Homopolah    Typk.      British    Thomson- 
Houston  Co.    (Noeggerath.)    4,187.    February  19th. 
Sockets  or  Bases  of  Trolley  Poles  fob  Electbio  Traction  Systems.    E.  M. 

Munro  and  R.E.T.  Construction  Co.    4,264,    February  20th. 
REiiULATioN  or  the  Spebd  of  Elkctiiically-drivkn  Ring-bpinniho  Machines. 

J.   Kcmmcrich.     4,690.     February  23rd.     (August  19th,   1911.     Addition  to 

No.  4,140  0(1912.) 
Bhosh   Holders  ior   DyMAMo-ELECTRic    Genrratobs    or    Electric    Motors. 

Morgan  Crucible  Co.  and  J.  E.  Grant.    4.692.     February  23rd. 


r  tLJEi 


exjEoti^icj^Xj  jEt:E]'^x:Hi~v/': 


Vol.  LXXII. 


MARCH  28,  1913. 


No.  1,844, 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


POWEll     Sr'lMT.Y     ()\     TIIR     RANI). 


Vol.  LXXII.) 


CONTENTS  :  M»rch  28, 1918. 


(No.  I,8t4. 
Pago 


Power  Supply  on  the  Rand 
The  State  and  the  Enifineer 
Celluloid  Reifulations 

TheET.BI 

Striking  Companies  in  Turkey      

Cost  and  Bffiiuency  of  Display  Litrhtinpr  

Co-operation  between  Private  and  Public  Supply  Systems     ... 

A  Method  of  Takinpr  Load  Tests  on  Mains  QUux.)        

A  Marconi  Traininji:  8ohool  (i/^i/x.) 

Some  Difficulties  with  Tramcar  Motors  {ilha.')  

Correspondence : — 

Notice  of  Opening  of  Ronds.... 

Resrulations  regardinjir  CtlluK'id 

Canvassing:  Councillors 

MorsR  Signallinpr  on  Submarine  Cables 

The  "  Load-Factor"  (,)uc>tion 

The  Electro-Harmonic  Society 

Small  Electrical  Undertaking's         

Heavy -Service  Lampholders  and  Adapters... 

Legal 

Business  Notes 

Notes 

Power  Supply  on  the  Rand  (iZZ?/s,)  

City  Notes     

Stocks  and  Shares 

Market  Quotations ..         ...  ...         

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         

Exports  and  Imports  of  Electrical  Goods  during-  Feb.,  1913 
Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Power  Supply  on  the  Rand  (iZZM«.) 

Rontgen  Society. — Physical  Society  

Painting  Cars  with  Enamel  Baked  Electrically 

Exports  Statistics  of  Switzerland  ...         

Hydro-Electric  Works  on  the  Mississippi  

Electric  Control  of  Boiler  Feed  (!7Z««.) 

Foreign  and  Colonial  Tarififs  on  Electrical  Goods 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications 


.'iOl 
.502 
.■)02 
.503 
503 
r.04 
.-,05 
.-.OB 


538 
.-,11 
541 
:A2 
542 
543 
543 
.343 
544 


Contractors'  Column 


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neering  Iteview,  90,  William  Street 

Gordon  &  Gotch,  Queen  Street. 
Milan  :   FratelU  Treves. 
New  York  :  D.  Van  Nostrand,  25,  Park 

Place. 
Paris  :    Boyveau  &  CheviUet,  22,  Rue 

de  la  Banque. 
Pekih,    W.A.  :     Gordon    &    Gotch, 

William  Street. 
Rome  :      Loescher     &     Co.,      Corso 

Umberto  V  307. 
Sydney:    The  Mining  &  Engineering; 

Review,   2,  Huuter  Street;    Gordon 

and  Gotch,  Pitt  Street. 
TouoNTo,  Ont.  :  Wm,  Dawson  &  Sons, 

Ltd.,  Manning  Chambers.  Gordon 

and  Gotch,  \M,  Bay  Street. 
Wellington,  N.Z.    Gordou  &  Gotch, 

Cuba  Street. 


Cheques  and  Postal  Orders  ion  Chief  Office,  London  l  to  be  made  payable  to 
The  Elecikioal  Rkview,  and  crossed  "  Lo.-don  Ciiy  and  Midland  Bank, 
Newgate  Street  Bvancli." 


THE 


UNIVERSAL 


ELECTRICAL 


DIRECTORY 


1913  EDITION. 

H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4.  Ludgate  Hill.  London,  E.C. 


Tiii:  description  given  elsewhere  in  this  issue  of  the  huge 
undertaiiiiif,'  which  has  been  developed  on  the  Hand  will  be 
read  with  interest  by  all  who  dfesirc  to  make  themselves 
acquainted  with  the  methods  adopted  for  the  supply  of 
electrical  energy  on  the  grand  scale  ;  it  is  by  far  the  largest 
507^  of  its  kind  in  the  British  Empire,  and  has  few  rivals  in  the 
world  in  point  of  magnitude  and  output,  though  the  distance 

508 
508 
50!) 
509 
509 
509 
509 
509 
510 
511 
517 
519 
528 
534 
534 
535 
537 


over  which  the  energy  is  transmitted  is  not  great.  It  is 
noteworthy  that  so  high  a  pressure  as  80,000  volts  has  been 
adopted  for  transmission  over  3.j  miles,  though  the  rule 
generally  accepted  as  to  the  appropriate  voltage — a  rough 
rule,  it  is  true,  but  fairly  well  conformed  to — would  have 
given  only  half  this  pressure.  Probably  the  exceptionally 
favourable  condition  of  a  dry  climate,  and  the  known  fact 
that  lines  insulated  for  pressures  over  50,000  volts  are  IdSa 
liable  to  trouble  from  lightning  than  lines  at  lower 
voltage,  had  a  good  deal  to  do  with  the  choice,  which  has 
been  completely  justified  by  the  result. 

While  we  have  in  this  country  no  undertaking  comparable 
in  magnitude  with  the  Rand  power  supply,  it  does  not  follow 
that  we  have  nothing  to  learn  from  the  work  that  has  been 
done  by  the  company's  engineers,  who,  although  beset  with 
exceptional  difficulties  of  transport,iabour,&c.,  have  triumphed 
over  all  obstacles,  and  have  adopted  methods  which  in 
several  respects  deserve  our  cartful  study.  The  arrange- 
ment of  the  boiler  house  in  bays  at  right  angles  to  the  engine 
room,  brought  about  by  the  adoption  of  the  turbine,  and  the 
employment  of  transformers  coupled  directly  to  the  terminals 
of  the  generators,  were  prominent  features  of  the  practice 
introduced  by  Messrs.  Merz  and  McLellan  in  connection 
with  the  Tyneside  electricity  supply,  the  only  undertaking 
in  this  country  which  appears  to  resemble  that  of  the  Rand 
at  all  closely,  and  the  high  compliments  paid  to  the  ilerz- 
Price  system  of  protection  of  mains  by  the  author  of  the 
paper  further  emphasise  the  association  of  ideas  embodied  in 
both  schemes.  The  system  of  boiler  draught  employed, 
however,  is  an  entirely  new  feature  ;  the  difference  between 
this  and  the  ordinary  induced-draught  system  is  not  appa- 
rently very  great,  yet  it  suffices  to  effect  a  very  marked 
improvement  in  the  results  obtained,  and  Mr.  Hadley's  claim 
that  the  chimneys  are  "  absolutely  smokeless  "  will  be  noted 
with  interest  by  engineers  who  suffer  under — or  should  we 
say  violate!" — the  local  by-laws  in  this  respect.  Further 
details  regarding  this  part  of  the  plant  would  be  welcome. 

Perhaps  the  most  remarkable  feature  of  the  working  of 
the  plant  is  the  enormous  output,  which  will,  at  no  distant 
date,  be  about  2,000.000  units  a  day,  or  nearly  five  times  as 
much  as  our  largest  railway  output.  This,  too,  is  given  at 
tke  extraordinary  load  factor  of  70  per  cent,  and  upwards — 
a  figure  to  make  a  central-station  engineer's  mouth  water. 
Under  these  circumstances,  the  price  of  •r)2.")d.  per  unit,  as 
Mr.  Highfield  pointed  out,  at  first  appears  somewhat  high  ; 
but  when  we  make  due  a'lowance  for  the  high  capital  and 
running  costs  on  the  Rand,  and  the  fact  that  this  is  the 
maximum  price,  we  may  fairly  assume  that  the  actual  price 
is  equivalent  to  not  more  than  |d.  in  this  country.  In 
fact,  it  comes  within  measurable  distance  of  the  condition 
foretold  by  Dr.  de  Ferranti,  when  electricity  for  all  purposes 
will  cost  only  ^d.  per  unit,  and  we  shall  have  generating 
stations  here  far  larger  than  those  on  the  Rand. 

It  is  exceedingly  significant  that  the  owners  even  of  large 
mines  have  found  it  expedient  to  scrap  their  owu  plant,  and 
to  take  their  supply  of  power  from   the  company's  mains. 


[501] 


502 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.       t^oi.  72.  No.  i,844,  maboh  28, 1913. 


The  same  process  is  in  progress  here,  but  far  more  slowly  ; 
the  relative  cost  of  electricity  is  still  much  greater  here  than  on 
the  Rand,  and  manufacturers  have  not  at  command  that 
ready  flow  of  capital  which  stimulates  enterprise  and  enables 
great  economies  to  be  effected  by  drastic  changes,  where  it  is 
available. 

The  extended  use  of  compressed  air,  supplied  in  bulk  on 
an  un])recedented  scale,  is  another  feature  peculiar  to  this 
unique  undertaking.  Although  a  great  part  of  the  air 
supply  is  derived  from  electi-ically-driven  compressors,  the 
intervention  of  this  non-elcctriaxl  medium  can  hardly  be 
pleasing  to  the  electrical  engineer  who  loves  his  calling  :  but 
obviously  it  must  be  accepted,  at  any  rate  until  electrical 
rock  drills  and  other  mining  machinery  have  reached  a  more 
advanced  stage  of  evolution. 

The  one  consideration  which  we  cannot  but  regard  with 
deep  regret  is  the  fact  that  so  large  a  propoition  of  the 
plant  employed  was  built  by  foreign  hands.  The  circum- 
stances which  led  to  this  unfortunate  result  are  known  to  our 
readers,  and  we  need  not  further  comment  on  them,  but 
seeing  that  the  turbo-alternator  and  the  turbo-compressor 
were  developed  almost  wholly  by  Sir  Charles  Parsons  and 
his  staff,  it  seems  a  great  pity  that  this  work  should  have 
gone  abroad.  For  this  the  engineers  were  not  responsible  ; 
their  part  of  the  work  reflects  the  greatest  credit  upon  them, 
and  we  congratulate  them,  as  well  as  the  managing  director, 
Mr.  A.  E.  Hadley,  upon  the  successful  accomplishment  of  a 
gigantic  task. 


THE    STATE    AND    THE    ENGINEER. 


Ix  these  days,  when  the  development  of  engineering — in  all 
its  branches — is  progressing  with  ever-increasing  rapidity 
from  one  vast  scheme  successfully  carried  out  to  another  of 
even  more  ambitious  character,  to  be  equally  successfully 
accomplished  in  its  turn,  it  would  be  well  if  attention  could 
be  brought  to  bear  on  the  whole  broad  question  of  this 
development. 

The  one  object  of  engineering  is  the  more  efficient 
working  of  the  world  :  and,  of  course,  this  is  attained  by 
perfecting,  so  far  as  is  reasonably  practicable  (to  quote  the 
words  of  the  Home  Office),  tho  efficient  working  of  com- 
munities, towns,  and  countries,  which  are  the  world's  com- 
ponent parts.  This  is  true,  to  a  certain  extent,  of  all 
professions,  but  particularly  so  of  engineering. 

Is  development  taking  place  along  right  lines  r  Is  there 
any  continuity  of  policy  or  purpose  in  the  carrying-out  of 
the  great  enterprises  of  the  present  time  ?  The  (juestion  of 
development  along  this  or  that  line  is  almost  always  a  matter 
of  circumstances  and  individual  judgment.  The  result  of  this 
is  that  the  second  question  must  be  answered  in  the  negative. 

That  being  so,  we  naturally  ask  ourselves  what  can  be 
done  to  improve  matters  'i  The  Canadian  Enf/incer,  in 
its  issue  of  January  23rd,  1913,  contains  some  interesting 
articles  bearing  on  the  subject.  Mr.  T.  Chase  Casgrain, 
chairman  of  the  International  Joint  Commission,  some  time 
ago  offered  two  prizes  for  the  best  essays  on  "  The  Formation 
of  a  National  Engineering  Service."  The  essays  which 
obtained  the  first  and  second  prizes  are  printed  in  the  issue 
above-mentioned.  The  first,  by  "  Evolu,"  is  entitled  "  A 
National  Board  of  Engineering  Control "  ;  and  the  second, 
by  "  Observer,"  is  called  "The  Organisation  of  a  Corps  of 
Civil  Engineers  for  Public  Works  Services  in  the  Dominion 
of  Canada." 

The  first  J  essay  concerns  itself  almost  entirely  with  the 
development  of  the  natural  resources  of  Canada  through 
the  instrumentality  of  the  Hoard  of  Control.  Railways, 
harbours,  docks,  ports,  canals,  irrigation,  water  pwwer, 
surveying,  and  architecture,  are  all  brought  within  the  scope 
of  the  suggested  Board,  and  the  fundamental  idea  and 
method  of  working  of  the  Board  are  expounded  in  a  lucid 
manner  deserving  of  careful  attention. 

"  Observer  "  makes  a  general  survey  of  public  engineering 
departments  throughout  the  British  Empire  and  the  United 
States,  after  considering  which,  he  outlines  a  scheme  for  the 
Canadian  public  works  service.  This  is  also  a  \ery 
thoughtful  essay,  in  that  it  bears  evidence  of  much 
investigation  of  detail. 


In  the  first  essay,  "  Evolu "  suggests  a  Board  of  five 
directors,  responsible  to  Parliament,  and  appointed  for  an 
unlimited  period,  with  retiring  pensions  after  a  specified 
number  of  years.  Each  director  on  being  appointed  would 
hand  a  formal  signed  and  undated  resignation  to  the 
(Jovernor-fieneral  in  Council,  so  that  only  Parliament  could 
remove  any  director  from  his  position ;  the  (iovernor- 
(ieneral  would  fill  in  the  date  of  resignation  when  it  was 
decided  by  Parliament.  Vacancies  would  be  filled  by  tho 
Board  itself,  either  by  promotion  or  appointment.  Under  the 
Board  would  come,  with  their  staffs,  the  auditing  engineer, 
the  chief  engineer  of  railways  (we  are  taking  the  order  in 
which  they  appear  in  a  table  given  in  the  essay),  the  chief 
engineer  of  marine  service,  the  chief  engineer  of  harbours, 
the  chief  architect,  the  chief  engineer  of  surveys,  the  chief 
engineer  of  canals  and  water  service,  and  the  secretary. 

The  auditing  engineer  would  be  responsible  for  the  im- 
portant work  of  collecting  and  tabulating  information. 
This  would  indeed  be  a  boon,  and  would  probably  do  more 
than  any  other  single  thing  to  secure  constant  progress  and 
to  avoid  the  recurrent  commission  of  the  same  mistakes. 
Now  that  Mr.  Edgcome  is  again  President  of  the  Incorpor- 
ated ]\Iunicipal  Electrical  Association,  we  may  hear  more 
of  the  information  bureau  which  he  suggested  in  his  former 
presidential  address,  delivered  at  Kingston-on-Thames  in 
190G.  The  notion  was  turned  down  by  the  Council  because 
they  thought  it  beyond  the  scope  of  the  Association,  but  it 
is  a  work  that  someone  ought  to  do,  and  "  Evolu  "  suggests 
what  he  calls  the  auditing  engineer,  with  a  technical 
librarian  to  assist  him. 

Much  time,  energy,  and  money  are  wasted,  when  tenders 
are  invited  for  various  schemes,  by  letting  each  tendering 
firm  prepare  and  submit  its  own  design.  Designing,  under 
the  scheme,  would  be  carried  out  by  the  Board's  engineers, 
thus  avoidmg  the  loss  incidental  to  the  preparation  of 
half-a-dozen  or  more  designs,  only  one  of  which  can  be 
accepted,  while  all  have  to  be  paid  for,  directly  or  indirectly, 
by  the  buyers  as  a  whole.  Power  actually  to  carry  out  the 
work  by  direct  labour  is  suggested,  but  we  do  not  think  this 
is  advisable  or  necessary.  The  Board  should  be  a  Board  of 
Control — a  Direktion,  to  use  the  German  word,  for  which 
we  have  no  equivalent — and  not  a  Board  of  Works, 

If  this  idea  were  carried  out,  engineering  would  be 
co-ordinated  as  the  law  is  co-ordinated  now.  There  would 
be  uniformity  of  direction  and  continuity  of  purpose,  and 
an  entire  absence  of  that  haphazard  working  and  that  lack  of 
coherence  which  are  too  often  observable  under  present 
conditions.  Heaven  forbid  that  engineering  should  become 
as  inelastic  and  difficult  to  set  in  operation  as  the  law,  but 
the  idea  is  right. 

From  the  idea  of  a  Board  of  Control,  it  does  not  seem  to 
us  a  long  distance  to  a  greater  organisation  of  engineering 
as  a  whole,  but  we  must  reserve  the  further  development  of 
this  conception  for  another  article. 

Whether  the  scheme,  as  outlined,  will  ever  receive  the 
sanction  of  the  Canadian  Parliament,  orjwhether  it  will 
ever  be  brought  before  them  at  all,  are  matters  which  lie  on 
the  knees  of  the  gods.  It  is  obvious,  as  the  Canadian 
Engineer  points  out,  that  appointments  would  be  more  likely 
to  be  made  upon  a  strict  basis  of  experience  and  ability, 
unaffected  by  political  considerations.  If  this  were  done 
in  Governmental  matters,  we  should  have  public  work 
carried  on  with  something  approaching  the  economy  and 
efficiency  of  a  private  business  undertaking.  With  proper 
care,  the  performance  of  some  private  undertakings  might 
even  be  surpassed. 

The  notion  has  much  to  recommend  it,  and  we  hope  that 
it  will  receive  due  public  attention  on  both  sides  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean. 


Celluloid 
Regulations. 


A  T.KTTER  which  appears  in  our 
"  Correspondence  "  pages  to-day  serves  to 
emphasise  tlic  need  that  exists  nowadays 
for  manufacturers  and  trad(.'r8  to  be  on  the  alert  to  prevent 
regulations  which  are  drafted  for  the  public  good  operating 
with  needless  hardship  upon  the  interests  of  industry  and 
trade.  Remembering  the  grave  fire  risks  that  may  attend  the 
uncontrolled  storage  of  celluloid  and  celluloid  goods,  every- 
body will  agree  that  the  time  is  fully  ripe  for  better  pre- 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,8H,  Maboh  28,  191!).] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


508 


cautions  to  be  introduced  ;  and  better  precautions  can  only 
be  enforced  generally  by  ineanH  of  rogulationB  which  receive 
the  sanction  of  the  fiOgislatnre.  Hut  those;  who  draft  Huch 
rcf^uiations  are  in  danger  of  lioing  influenced  more  l)y 
hutnane  desires  than  l)y  knowledge  of,  or  regard  for, 
industries  which  may  be  (juite  unnecessarily,  and  may-be 
inadvertently,  ])laced  at  a  serious  disadvantage  ;  if  the 
regulations  are  of  too  sweeping  a  character  they  may  militate 
against  the  public  interests  as  well  as  ngainst  those  of  private 
parties.  There  may  be  room  for  a  little  more  considerate 
drafting  without  the  main  intentions  concerning  the 
lessening  of  tire  risks  being  in  the  least  degree  defeated. 
The  ij. ('.('.  General  Powers  Hill,  if  allowed  to  pass  in  its 
present  form,  will  enable  tlie  Council  to  enforce  regulations 
tor  all  premises  in  the  county  in  which  celluloid  and  other 
iuHannnable  substances  are  kept  for  sale  in  (|uanLities exceed- 
ing 10  lb.  in  weight.  There  is  also  a  clause  in  the  City  of 
Ijondon  Hill  detining  as  a  "  celluloid  shop "  any  premises 
whereon  the  aggregate  celluloid  kept  "  handled  or  otherwise 
dealt  with  (otherwise  than  for  the  purpose  of  being  manu- 
factured or  employed  in  or  subjected  to  any  process  of  manu- 
facture) "  at  any  one  time  exceeds  10  lb.  in  weight.  A 
celluloid  shop  has  to  be  licensed  and  inspected  and  other- 
wise subjected  to  specified  conditions.  It  hardly  needs 
pointing  out  that  this  will  involve  every  retail  or  wholesale 
accumulator  dealer,  and  numerous  traders  in  hardware 
and  other  goods  !  Unfortunately,  it  is  too  late  for  the  battery 
makers  or  any  other  section  of  the  electrical  industry  to  take 
direct  collective  action  in  opposition,  but  the  way  is  open  for 
strong  action  to  be  taken  through  the  medium  of  those  who 
have  already  lodged  petitions,  and  are  sure  to  be  heard.  We 
draw  attention  to  this  matter,  hoping  that  those  sections  of 
our  trade  which  are  likely  to  be  adversely  affected  without 
sufficient  reason  will  co-operate  with  Mr.  Brooke,  the  rail- 
way companies.  Chambers  of  Commerce  and  others,  in  order 
to  ensure  that  the  final  wording  of  the  clauses  shall  be  fully 
effective,  without  being  a  needless  handicap  to  trade  and 
industry.  It  is  expected  that  the  second  reading  ,of  the 
Bills  will  take  place  on  Monday,  31st  inst.,  and  they  will 
then  go  to  the  Local  Legislation  Committee,  where  they  will 
probably  be  discussed  on  or  about  April  15th,  when  opposing 
petitions  and  arguments  by  counsel  will  be  heard.  It  will 
be  understood,  therefore,  that  those  who  mean  to  take 
action  must  do  so  at  once. 


The 
E.T.B.I. 


On  Monday  next  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  Electrical  Trades  Benevolent  Insti- 
tution takes  place  at  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  Engineers,  with  Mr.  E.  Garcke  in  the  chair. 
The  annual  report  to  December,  1912,  which  will  then 
come  up  for  adoption,  after  expressing  regret  at  the  loss  of 
a  colleague  and  liberal  supportej'  in  Sir  J.  Irving  Courtenay, 
shows  that  the  income  for  the  year  was  less  than  in  1911, 
as  that  was  an  exceptional  year,  inasmuch  as  there  was  a 
legacy  received,  as  well  as  the  balance  of  the  Oljmpia  1905 
Exhibition  proceeds.  A  donation  of  £250  from  the 
B.E.A.M.A.  is,  however,  among  the  receipts  for  1912.  The 
total  income  for  the  year  was  £9.'i4,  as  compared  with 
£1,101  for  1911,  but  it  is  important,  as  evidence  of  the  wider 
interest  taken  in  the  Institution,  that  there  was  a  marked 
increase  in  the  number  of  persons  subscribing,  as  well  as  in 
the  amount  of  subscriptions  ;  the  latter  is  now  more  than 
four  times  the  total  of  the  preceding  year,  while  the  ordinary 
donations  are  also  considerably  more.  The  result  of  the 
year's  work  is  a  net  income  of  £754,  £150  of  which  has  been 
placed  on  deposit  at  the  bank,  and  £569  invested  in  Canadian 
'dh  per  cent,  registered  stock,  bringing  the  total  of  the 
invested  funds  to  £3,908. 

The  report  contains  a  regret — not  that  so  few  electrical 
men  have  died  during  the  year — but  that  so  far  only  one 
legacy  has  fallen  to  the  fund.  By  way  of  comparison 
with  other  institutions,  it  is  mentioned  that  one  such 
benefited  in  1911  to  the  extent  of  over  £18,000.  I'erhaps 
the  youthfulness  of  our  organisation  is  responsible  for 
this  difference,  or  it  may  be  that  those  who  have  the 
wherewithal  to  bequeath  good  round  sums  and  have  the 
mind  to  do  it  too,  do  not  die  ;  or,  again,  that  those  who 
have  the  mind  to  do  so,  and  have  shown  a  real  interest  in 


the  progress  of  the  movement,  have  not  the  wherewithal 
to  do  it  if  they  do  die.  But  whichft\cr  way  it  1j<?,  w<; 
arc  hojKjful  that  the  timely  hint  nf  tlie  Commitu^c  will  curry 
effective  weight  with  thfwe  of  matnnr  yi-ars  who  have  l>een 
fortunate  f.'nough  to  accumulate  enough  and  to  H[>are,  and 
will  also  be  borne  in  mind  by  more  youthful  sfdritH  who  may 
draft  their  wills,  if  only  in  \i«\yi-  of  future  ability,  in  such 
u  manner  that  the  secri'tJiry  10,  2(>  or  MO  years  henw, 
will  be  able;  in  his  own  advancing  years  to  say  mn-  things 
about  them  and  the  benefit  that  their  generosity,  has  brought 
to  the  Electrical  Trades  Henevolent  Institution,  enablmg 
it  to  grant  pensions  to  many  who  were  little  moTi;  than 
beginners  in  the  industry  when  the  fund  was 
first  launched.  The  rules  introduced  in  1912  and 
the  creation  of  a  class  of  "  menders "  havi-  proluced 
satisfactory  effects,  and  at  the  end  of  1!)I2  there  were  30  life 
members  and  78  ordinary  memljers.  Efforts  are  being  made, 
as  some  of  our  readers  in  London  know,  to  stimulate  interest 
among  employ(''3  by  means  of  entertainments,  and  during  the 
(current  year  this  movement  may  be  carried  forward  in  a 
number  of  other  centres.  We  hope  that  it  will  meet  with 
success.  The  appointment  of  collectors  in  individual  firms 
to  receive  members'  subscriptions  by  instalments,  in  addition 
to  being  a  convenience,  will  also  answer  t'ae  same  useful 
purpose  of  popularising  the  fund  and  its  objects.  The  life 
assurance  scheme  already  referred  to  in  our  pages  is  in- 
tended to  appeal  particularly  to  juniors.  The  grants  made 
from  the  fund  during  the  year  numbered  eight,  aggregating 
£71,  but  these  figures  do  not  convey  any  idea  of  the  amount 
of  investigation  of  circumstances  that  fell  to  the  lot  of  the 
committee,  nor  do  they  indicate  the  real  value  of  the  Institu- 
tion. In  addition  to  meeting  such  temporary  needs,  the 
great  work  of  those  responsible  lies  in  building  up  resources 
in  preparation  for  the  happy  day  when  it  will  be  possible  to 
grant  pensions.  The  annual  dinner  takes  place  next  month, 
and  we  hope  that  our  readers  will  do  their  utmost  on  this 
occasion — under  a  magnificent  lead  from  Mr.  George  Sutton, 
a  present-day  leader  in  the  industry — and  add  to  the  fund 
such  an  amount  as  will  worthily  represent  the  prevailing  veiy 
active  state  of  the  electrical  trade.  It  might  be  interesting 
for  the  guidance  of  would-be  donors  and  legators  if  the  com- 
mittee were  to  say  approximately  what  figure  it  has  in  mind 
— if  any — as  being  required  before  the  pension  day  can 
dawn. 


Although  the  difficulties  to  be  referred 

Striking        to  may  have  been  overcome  by  the  present 

Coupanies  in    ,.         ...        ,     ,  .  ,       .^   ^    i 

~,*^  ,  time,   it  IS  vet  of  some  mterest  to  learn 

Turkey.  •'    .  r^,    ,    i 

how   two  foreign  companies    in  Turkish 

towns,  far  from  the  seat  of  the  war,  have  been  treated  by 
the  municipal  authorities  and  the  native  population.  •  In  the 
first  place,  according  to  the  Bey  rout  correspondent  of  a 
German  newspaper,  the  Belgian  Sociote  de  Tramways  et 
Eclairage  Electrique  suspended  the  lighting  system  in 
Damascus  because  the  municipal  authorities  were  in  arrears 
to  a  large  amount  in  the  payments  to  the  company,  and  put 
off  the  company  from  day  to  day  with  an  allusion  to  the 
empty  coffers.  Thereupon  a  large  crowd  attacked  the  com- 
pany's administrative  premises  for  two  days  in  succession, 
smashed  the  windows,  and  fired  revolvers  without, 
however,  the  authorities  taking  any  serious  action 
against  the  demonstrators.  Several  tramcars  were 
also  entirely  destroyed,  whilst  the  windows  of  others  were 
broken.  The  second  case  refers  to  the  Beyrout  Gas  Co., 
which,  at  the  time  of  the  correspondent's  letter,  had  already 
suspended  working  for  three  weeks  on  the  alleged  ground 
of  the  scarcity  of  coal,  the  imports  of  which  have  been 
rendered  difficult  through  the  war.  In  reality,  however,  the 
Municipal  Council  owed  the  company  a  large  sum  for  street 
lighting,  which  the  latter  was  unable  to  collect.  Xot  only 
so,  but  the  native  population  has  diverted  large  quantities  of 
gas.  and  the  authorities  have  done  nothing  to  bring  the 
thieves  to  book.  The  whole  of  the  city,  with  the  exception 
of  a  few  streets  where  electric  lighting  has  been  temporarily 
introduced,  has  been  in  complete  darkness  at  night,  and  the 
police  authorities  have  issued  an  order  advising  the  use  of 
lanterns  by  persons  who  go  cut  after  S  o'clock  in  the 
evening. 


60  i 


THE   ELECTRICAL   REVIEW,      [Voi-  72.  No.  i,844.  maboh  28, 1913. 


COST    AND    EFFICIENCY    OF    DISPLAY 
LIGHTING. 


By  L.  crouch. 


I.v  connection  with  the  articles  on  "  Ornamental  Street- 
Lijrhting  Poles "  (P^i.kctrical  Revikw,  March  22nd  and 
.luly  r.lth,  lit  12),  particularly  as  applied  to  "display" 
lighting  in  main  business  streets,  various  critics  have  urged 
the  high  cost  of  installing  and  •  operating  such  systems. 
However,  the  best  proof  of  the  pudding  is  well  known,  and 
the  fact  remains  that  the  type  of  display  standards,  and  the 
system  of  street  lighting  described  in  these  earlier  articles, 
continue  to  find  increasing  application  in  American  cities. 
Nor  do  we  find  any  digestive  ditticulties  after  the  pudding  has 
been  eaten  !  The  systems  continue — as  they  commenced — 
to  give  every  satisfaction,  and  practically  every  city  which 
has  adopted  display  lighting  continues  rapidly  to  extend  its 
installation.  There  are,  at  present,  three  or  four  hundred 
towns  in  the  States  and  Canada  employing  rolled  metal  and 
concrete  standards,  ciirrying  tungsten  lamps  in  diffusing 
ball  globes,  for  the  lighting  of  their  main  thoroughfares. 

The  cost  of  display  systems  is,  in  America,  generally 
divided  between  property  owners  and  the  city  authorities  in 
a  varying  proportion,  but,  in  many  cases,  the  supply  static n 
has  borne  a  large  fraction  of  the  expenditure.  Owing  to  the 
advantage  of  brilliant  frontage  illumination  in  shopping 
districts,  there  is  rarely  any  difficulty  in  collecting  the  major 
jjirt  of  its  cost  from  business  proprietors,  and,  in  a  few 
American  cities,  the  total  cost  is  commuted  to  a  tax  against 
the  properties  as  a  permanent  improvement.  In  the  case  of 
promenades  and  parks,  &c.,  the  local  authority  must,  of 
course,  bear  the  whole  cost  of  the  scheme,  this  being  then 
purely  for  the  public  benefit. 

A  certain  amount  of  specific  cost  data  (both  as  regards 
installation  and  maintenance)  was  presented  in  the  July 
19th,  1912,  issue  of  this  journal,  and  readers  will  doubtless 
be  interested  in  the  following  supplementary  figures  referring 
to  some  more  recent  installations  in  various  American  cities.' 
Only  those  cases  are  here  considered  for  which  fairly  com- 
plete data  are  available  as  to  the  exact  nature  of  the  equip- 
ment. 

It  is  obviously  impossible  to  prepare  cost  data  which  shall 
be  universally  applicable,  since  local  conditions  and  the  design 
of  standard  adopted  are,  of  course,  very  variable.  The  fol- 
lowing costs,  however,  may  be  regarded  as  representative  for 
one  of  a  number  of  5-light  ornamental  standards  of  the 
type  illustrated  in  figs.  1-G,  p.  479,  1912  :— 

Pale     

Lamps  and  sockets 

Globes... 

Erecting-   and   wiring    post  and   concrete 

foundations  

B.'j-ft.  supply  cable  (lead,  jute  and  steel)  ... 
Laying  cable 

Total     £21   11     6 

The  labour  coats  assume  that  the  cable  has  to  be  laid 
below  an  existing  concrete  sidewalk,  and  all  the  items  should 
be  somewhat  lower  in  this  country. 

Turning  to  particular  cases,  the  data  summarised  in 
Table  I  show  the  conditions  and  results  in  a  number  of 
recent  American  installations.  A  cheap  but  very  effective 
system,  which  has  been  adopted  in  residehtial  quarters  in 
Toronto  (Ont.),  provides  light  wooden  poles  along  the  inner 
edge  of  sidewalks.  Each  pole  (which  carries  supply  wires 
on  insulators  near  its  top)  is  provided  with  a  cast-iron 
lantern  containing  a  150-watt  tungsten  lamp,  screened  by 
an  8  in.  X  8  in.  Alba-glass  cylinder.  The  illumination 
provided  is  economical,  novel  and  sufficient  for  residential 
needs. 

The  data  in  Table  II  refer  to  illumination  measurements 
made  at  3  ft.  above  ground  level  in  the  line  joining 
adjacent  5  x  100-watt  tungsten  standards  in  Indianapolis. 

'Actual  day  and  night  photographs  and  more  complete  particulars 
of  these  installations  are  to  be  found  In  the  Sovthern  EUctrician, 
pp.  448  ft  uq..  1912. 


J^'inally,  the  figures  in  Table  III  refer  to  the  energy 
expenditure  per  linear  foot  and  per  square  foot,  and  the 
average   foot-candles   horizontal    illumination    provided    in 

TABLE  I. — Amebican  "Display"  Lighting  Installations. 


Minne-;  Hunil- 


m^*u™;.,   Minne-,  Uuni 


Tjpe  of  standard    Reinforced 
coDcieie 
cr.  a- 
I    ncned 
No.  of  standards  i         7S 

in  use.  ; 

No.  of  lamps  per  i  I 

standard.  < 

Spacing  of  stand-  — 

ards. 
Watts  per  lamp. .  100 

Capital    cost    per  I      £7  14b  t 

standard. 
Operatingcostper  — 

standard  per  - 

annum.'' 


100 
100 


6 

ca.  GO 

100 

£16 

£2  8s. 
(erf  cot 
fr.'Dtage 


Pine 
Bluffs. 

Atlanta 
IN.Y.). 

8'mp'e 
iron 
pipe. 

Oroa 

mental 

iron 

160 

f02 

4 

5 

- 

65 

100 
£4I6s. 

4  of  60 
1  0(100 

i7  48. 

— 

Chicago. 


Reinforced 
concrtte, 

bror  ze 
ornaments 


490* 
i-46  Sa.f 


*  In  this  case,  7^  ampere  teries  ilandus  lamps  (490  watts,  1,000  bor,  c.p  )  are 
used;  tungsten  lamps  are  employed  in  all  other  cases  mentioned. 

1  Including  proportion  of  central  station  equipment,  posts,  lamps  and  globes 
complete,  erecting,  supervision  and  tools. 

:  Bare  pole,  HI  IKs. ;  foundations,  <£c.,  £1  4s. ;  ornament,  lamps,  globes,  trans- 
formers, &c.,  -£3  5s.;  total  labour  (btudents),  7s.;  castings  made  in  College 
foundry, 

;  £18  for  poles,  £10  for  distributing  system. 

''.  locludiug  attecdanif ,  maintenance  and  electricity  supply, 

typical  "  display  "  street-lighting  systems  in  four  prominent 
American  cities.  For  comparison  are  included  corresponding 
data  derived  from  Bloch's  measurements  in  Berlin  streets 
lighted  by  A.c.  and  d.c.  arcs. 

TABLE  II.— Illumination  Data. 

Foot-candles  illumination  (3-(t.  level). 
Feet  from 
post. 

0      

5      

10      

1.5      

20      

30      

40      

Obviously — as  would  be  expected — the  best  modern 
systems  of  arc  lighting  are  more  efficient,  from  the  illu- 
minating standpoint,  than  the  ornamental  tungsten  schemes 
considered  above,  but  the  American  display  standards 
(which  are  also  applicable  and  have  already  been  applied  to 
magnetite  and  Jandus  flame  arcs),  provide  an  effective  dis- 
play illumination  which  can  be  achieved  by  no  other 
system.  The  point — which  has  been  indubitably  made 
in  American  installations — is  that  the  end  justifies  the 
means. 

So  recently  as  two  or  three  years  ago,  ornamental  or  dis- 
play lighting  was  regarded  in  the  States  as  an  expensive 
luxury  which  would  probably  be  adopted  only  by  private 
individuals  or  for  the  external  lighting  of  public  buildings. 

TABLE  III.— Energy  Expenditube  and  Average 
Illumination. 


Crystal  roughed 

Alba  glass 

inside  globes. 

ball  globes. 

0-34 

1-40 

0-28 

105 

018 

0  50 

0-10 

021 

006 

012 

0-0.3 

0-06 

0-02 

004 

Watts  per 

Watts  per 

Average 

linear 

square 

horizontal 

foot. 

foot. 

foot-candles 

Dayton  (Ohio)          

871 

0-173 

0092 

Indianapolis 

12-8 

0-211 

0-179 

Toronto  (Ont.)          

9-85 

0-235 

0-175 

Buffalo  (X.Y.)           

5-68 

0-095 

0093 

Ordinary  d.c.  arcs  (Friedrich- 

strasse)   

8-4 

0116 

0-67 

D.c.  Flame  arcs  (Potedamer 

Platz)     

7-5 

O'ln 

1'67 

Ditto  (Alsenbriicke) 

6-1 

0-218 

1-66 

A.c.    Flame    arcs    (Harden- 

bergstrasse)       

6'96 

0*066 

0*82 

It  was  certainly  not  expected  that  the  system  would  be 
employed  to  light  entire  business  sections  of  large  citifP. 
This  is  almost  exactly  the  point  of  view  at  present  adopted 
in  this  country.  Pavement  display  lighting  standards  lave 
been  already  installed  by  a  number  of  progressive  business 
firms  and  hotels  and,  to  a  limited  extent,  by  public  authorities 
for  public  buildings.  Sui'ely  it  is  reasonable  to  anticipate 
that,  at  no  distant  date,  the  proprietors  or  tenants  of  whole 
shopping  areas  will  co-operate  to  provide  display  lighting 
for  the  whole  of  their  main  frontages.  Artificial  light  is 
cheap  enough  in  these  days,  and  the  cost  of  its  prorision 


Vol.72.   No.  1,841, MAiion  2«,  191.3.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


woiiltl  lie  iiKiH'  than  covered  liy  the  iiicreiiHed  |iopiilurity  iind 
j)r(m|)eiity  of  the  Ijiiaiiiess  districts  providin^r  it  in  pleaHiiif^ 
profusion.  After  the  bnsincss  areas  woidd  follow  promeniidcH 
and  th(;  better  -  class  residential  (inarters,  partieulaily  in 
holiday  resorts. 

I'ndonhtedly  tlie  whole  proposition  oilers  important  f)ossi- 
bilities  to  bnsincss  men  f,'cneral!y  (an<l  lieuce  to  tlie  whole 
coninnuiiLy),  to  miinufaeturers  and  contract<M'S,  and  to 
eentral-sbatioii  engineers.  There  is  involved  no  (piestion  as 
to  the  relative  merits  of  {^as  and  electric  liirht.  What  is 
re(|uired  is  disj)luy  illumination  aionff  certain  lines,  and,  in 
providinfjf  this,  the  relative  positions  of  <^as  and  electricity 
remain  as  in  ordinary  domestic  or  street  lij,'hting.  The 
most  favourable  field  for  tlie  development  of  Iht;  new  system 
in  this  country  is  in  those  provincial  towns  which  are  to-day 
behind  the  times.  In  large  cities,  which  have  already 
adopted  other  costly  lighting  schemes,  no  change  can  at 
present  be  hoped  for,  except  as  a  result  of  purely  private 
enterprise. 


CO-OPERATION     BETWEEN     PRIVATE    AND 
PUBLIC    SUPPLY    SYSTEMS. 


[communicated.] 


At  the  present  day  the  keynote  of  industrial  progress  is 
the  elimination  of  waste  products  and  the  development  of 
such  products  as  marketable  commodities  or  by-products 
of  the  main  operation. 

It  is  only  comparatively  recently  that  emphasis  has  been 
laid  upon  this-  side  of  engineering  activity,  and  it  is  there- 
fore hardly  to  be  wondered  at  that,  so  far,  the  full  value 
of  research  in  this  direction  has  not  been  appreciated. 
There  is  always  a  tendency  on  the  part  of  manufacturers, 
whether  large  or  small,  to  look  after  the  interests  of  th^ 
moment  and  to  leave  the  larger  affairs  which  may  culminate 
many  years  hence  to  look  after  themselves.  Hence,  such 
subjects  as  the  conservation  of  the  world's  supply  of  energy 
are  often  regarded  as  a  matter  of  academical  interest  only. 
When,  however,  it  can  be  shown  that  such  conservation  in 
reality  means  pounds,  shillings  and  pence  at  the  present 
day.  the  matter  assumes  a  live  interest. 

It  is  from  this  point  of  view  that  we  propose  to  treat  the 
relative  position  of  the  large  centralised  power  plant  and 
the  groups  of  independent  systems  which  are  to  be  found  in 
the  areas  served  by  a  centralised  supply.  It  is  immaterial 
at  the  present  stage  to  discuss  whether  these  independent 
plants  consist  of  steam  engines  with  mechanical  power 
transmissions,  gas  engine  plants,  or  miniature  electric  power 
transmissions.  The  point  to  not«  is  that  in  a  given  area  we 
have  a  large  centralised  power  supply,  of  which  full  use  is 
not  made,  as  evidenced  by  the  existence  of  private  plants. 
Is  the  proper  relative  attitude  of  these  two  sections  that  of 
competition  or  of  co-operation  ? 

In  the  United  States,  especially  in  the  large  cities, 
geographical  disposition  has  proceeded  in  the  vertical  rather 
than  in  the  horizontal  direction.  In  other  words,  as  the 
city  has  grown,  more  storeys  have  been  added  instead  of 
more  streets  built.  Hence,  in  comparatively  small  areas, 
we  have  great  density  of  industrial  operations  and  a 
correspondingly  sharp  conflict  between  centralised  systems 
of  power  supply  and  private  plants  operating  building  blocks. 
The  outcome  of  this  is  that  the  question  of  co-operation  or 
competition  has  reached  a  very  acute  stage  in  America,  and 
our  contemporary,  the  Engineering  Magazine,  publishes  in  its 
January  issue  an  interesting  article,  by  Mr,  Percival  R. 
Moses,  on  •'  Practical  Co-operation  between  Central  Station 
and  Isolated  Plant."  We  propose  to  deal  with  this  article 
more  as  an  indication  of  the  line  of  thought  which  is  being 
actively  pursued  in  America  than  to  rigorously  examine  the 
arguments  in  detail,  inasmuch  as  in  this  country-  we  are  not 
confronted  with  the  large  office  block  problem  so  much  as 
with  that  of  the  congested  manufacturers'  district,  and  hence 
the  problem  is  somewhat  different  in  detail. 

Broadly  speaking,  however,  the  British  problem  follows 
somewhat  similar  lines.    The  British  manufacturer  is  now 


Incoming  alive  t*)  tlie  iii)|Hirlanr%  of  utilising  bin  waKtff 
[iiodudH,  using  the  term  in  it«  brotuleht  «:nw!.  In  the  blaiit 
furnace,  for  exmn[)le,  he  is  no  longer  <:ontcnt  U>  allow  the 
waste  gascH,  in  a  highly-lieutr;d  condition,  to  \ram  awuy  to 
the  utmoHjiherc.  lie  ntilJHCH  both  the  lieut  and  the  cliemicul 
constituents  in  Y)Vi*-r  and  heating  in  injunction  with  the 
rest  of  his  plant.  lie  eliminalcH  frif.-tional  want*;  by 
scrapfiing  complicated  mechanical  trunHniisHions  in  favour  of 
a  private  electri(yil  plant,  and  in  connection  with  this  plant 
he  does  not  seek  to  maintain  an  exf^insive  inde[x;ndent  staff, 
but  endeavours,  so  far  as  [toasible,  to  ntiliHC  men  who  can 
also  Ije  employed  on  other  duties.  If  the  works  process  is 
one  whicli  can  be  kept  going  evenly  and  contimiously  for  a 
long  number  of  hours  yjer  day  and  throughout  the  year 
without  fluctuations,  the  manufacturer  has  r<;ached,  so  far  aa 
his  power  production  problem  is  concerned,  a  jjoint  of 
efficiency  which  it  will  take  the  central  station  supply  a  very 
iong  time  to  beat. 

It  is,  however,  precisely  at  this  point  where  the  private 
plants  in  a  gootl  many  cases  fail,  liecause,  owing  to  the 
re(]uiremcnts  of  manufacturing  processes,  the  constant  and 
regular  demand  on  the  power  plant  cannot  be  maintained. 
In  other  words,  the  private  plant  is  at  one  instant  over- 
loaded, while  at  another  time  it  is  working  at  considerable 
inefficiency,  owing  to  little  or  no  load  being  placed  upon  it. 
Here,  then,  is  the  opportunity  for  the  equalising  effect  of 
the  large  diversity  factor  of  the  public  supply  system,  and 
it  is  here  where  co-operation  can,  with  the  greatest  advantage, 
take  place  between  the  small  power  station  and  the  large 
system.  If  we  regard  the  large  power  system  as  a  means  of 
transferring  super-abundant  power  available  at  one  point  to 
another  point  where  there  is  a  super-abundant  demand,  and 
the  generating  station  itself  as  a  species  of  storage  reser\-oir 
capable  of  giving  the  necessary  balancing  action,  we  have 
what  may  be  claimed  as  a  practically  new  ideal  of  the 
co-operation  of  public  and  private  supply,  and  yet  one 
which  it  is  practically  certain  will  become  more  and  more 
realised  as  time  goes  on. 

This  idea  is  by  no  means  chimerical,  nor  should  it  he 
dismissed  without  careful  consideration.  The  time  is  even 
now  ripe  for,  at  any  rate,  the  first  steps  to  be  taken  in  the 
direction  of  such  co-operation,  because  the  centralised  power 
supply  systems  are  finding  that  as  they  widen  their  area  the 
cost  of  transmission  from  a  central  point  is  becoming  a  more 
and  more  serious  item.  E\en  at  the  present  day,  cases  are 
not  wanting  where,  in  preference  to  extending  the  capacity 
of  an  existing  generating  station  to  meet  increased  needs, 
further  generating  stations  are  being  built  at  various  points 
on  the  supply  system,  these  generating  stations  working 
together  and  transferring  energy  from  one  to  the  other  point 
as  required.  A  still  further  step  has  been  taken  in  the 
erection  of  such  supply  stations  actually  adjacent  to 
industrial  works,  and  deriving  from  them  the  necessary 
power  to  drive  the  electrical  plant.  If  this  process  is 
extended,  the  final  step  is  easily  reached  of  having  an 
extensive,  and  yet  cheap,  because  not  too  bulky,  transmission 
system,  when  one  or  two  large  power  stations  act  as 
centralised  or  buffer  supplies  of  power  and  a  large  number 
of  smaller  plants  belonging  to  private  manufacturers  take 
energy  from,  or  feed  into,  the  common  system,  according 
to  their  individual  requirements  at  any  time.  The 
importance  of  this  on  the  cost  of  transmission  is  very  great, 
because  under  competition  conditions,  in  which  the  central 
station  is  trying  to  oust  all  individual  plants  in  its  area,  the 
mains  must  be  of  sufficient  size  and  capacity  to  carry  all  the 
power  necessary  over  all  the  area  without  undue  loss  in 
transmission  from  the  central  point,  while  if  co-operation  is 
adopted,  a  large  number  of  widely  scattered  sources  of 
energy  feed  into  the  distributing  system  at  many  points, 
and  hence  the  sum  distance  of  transmission  from  the  point 
of  generation  to  the  point  of  application  over  the  whole 
area  and  throughout  the  whole  year  is  less  than  if  all  the 
power  bad  to  be  developed  at  one  point,  end  therefore  iYs 
cost  of  the  transmission  system  taken  as  a  whole  will  be 
less. 

There  is  yet  another  point  which  beare  upon  the  matter. 
In  the  central  station,  as  pointed  out  by  3Ir.  Moses,  the 
by-product  of  the  condensed  steam  from  the  engine  or 
turbine,  that  is  to  say,  the  heat  abstracted  from  the  steam 
by  condensing,  either  passes  away  to  a  river  in  the  circulating 


508 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.  n.  No.  i.si*,  mabch  28, 1913. 


water,  or  is  dissipated  into  the  air  by  means  of  cooling 
towers,  whereas  in  a  large  number  of  industrial  processes 
the  exhaust  steam  from  the  engine  can  be  utilised  in 
auxiliary  service,  such  as  heating  buildings,  warming  die 
vats,  &c.  Where  the  private  plant  is  of  u  modern  descrip- 
tion and  of  decent  si/e.  the  value  of  such  auxiliary  services 
goes  a  long  way  to  compensate  for  the  fractional  increase  in 
efficiency  due  to  the  larger  sizes  of  units  used  in  the  central 
power  house,  moi-e  especially  when  losses  in  transmission  are 
taken  into  account.  Further,  the  central  station  staff  is 
occupied  solely  in  producing  the  one  thing,  electric  power  : 
in  the  private  plant,  the  staff  is  often  used  more  efficiently 
because  its  labour  and  salary  are  distributed  not  only  over 
the  electrical  production,  but  also  over  other  manufacturing 
processes  as  well.  These  points  all  tend  towards  the 
realisation  of  an  increasing  overall  efficiency  if  co-operation 
can  be  substituted  for  competition,  and  there  is  no  doubt 
that  in  the  future  much  more  will  be  made  of  this  point 
than  has  apparently  been  the  case  in  the  past.  It  would  be 
well,  therefore,  if  means  could  be  found  for  the  discussion 
in  an  impartial  and  business-like  manner  between  the  owners 
of  private  plants  and  the  engineers  of  large  public  companies 
for  the  purpose  of  instituting  a  real  attempt  to  secure 
co-operation,  more  especially  in  the  large  industrial  districts, 
with  a  view  to  joining  forces  as  far  as  ever  possible  to 
minimise  industrial  waste. 


step  to  obtain   normal  temperature.     A   curve  was  then 
plotted  from  the  readings  thus  obtained. 

On  a   single   copper  wire   fuse   mounted  under  working 
conditions  the  millivolt  drop  was  found  to  be  as  follows  : — 


No.  IG  s.w.o. 

No. 

18 

■l.W.O. 

fo 

20  s.w.c. 

JaiiiiI,             Did]). 

1.01 

d. 

Diop. 

/.. 

ad.            Dn 

2  amperes    3"3  iiv. 

2 

amperea 

b'Ti  MV. 

2 

!itr 

peres     10'2 

4      „            6-5    „ 

4 

„ 

irr.  „ 

4 

20  0 

t;    „         97    „ 

G 

., 

18-0  „ 

ti 

30-2 

S      „           130    „ 

8 

,, 

24  0  „ 

8 

40-4 

10      „           10-4     „ 

10 

,, 

302  „ 

10 

BO-4 

20      „           32-(;     „ 

20 

C!-(i  „ 

12 

61-5 

30      „           49-2     ., 

30 

J, 

101  0  „ 

14 

72-4 

40      „           G80     „ 

40 

„ 

KiO-O  „ 

IG 

83-1 

50      „           91-9     „ 

— 

— 

18 

93-3 

GO      „         121-8     „ 

— 

— 

20 

106-0 

A    METHOD    OF    TAKING    LOAD    TESTS 
ON     MAINS. 


By  J,  B.  MORGAN,  A.M.I.E.E. 


When  a  distribution  network  has  been  laid  down  a  few 
years  and  begins  to  get  fairly  loaded  up,  it  is,  of  course, 
desirable  to  know  exactly  how  the  load  is  distributed  among 
the  various  cables  radiating  from  a  feeder  or  section  pillar. 


Various  devices  have  been  brought  forward  from  time  to 
time  to  enable  such  records  to  be  taken,  but  to  those  mains 
engineers  who  make  liberal  use  of  section  pillars  as  well  as 
feeder  pillars,  if  they  will  only  go  to  a  little  trouble  from 
the  start,  a  handy  means  of  carrying  out  such  load  tests  is 
always  available.  The  only  trouble  to  be  taken  is  that  of 
.standardising  on  a  certain  length  or  type  of  switch  fuse. 

In  the  particular  town  1  am  interested  in,  not  only  are  we 
liberally  supplied  with  feeder  pillars,  but  at  all  important 
street  junctions  we  are  using  section  pillars  in  place  of  the 
usual  three  or  four-way  disconnecting  box,  and  our  switch 
fuses  are  all  of  one  particular  make.  'J'he  method  of  pro- 
cedure was  as  follows  : — 

A  switch  pillar  was  fitted  up  in  the  test  room  and  known 
currents  were  passed  through  a  fuse  :  the  fall  of  potential 
in  millivolts  between  top  and  bottom'of  the  fuse  at  various 
loads  was  taken  after  giving  sufficient  time  at  each  different 


It  will  be  seen  from  these  figures  that  even  when  the 
fuses  are  working  with  small  loads  a  good  deflection  is 
obtained. 

This  was  done  for  each  size  of  fuse  wire  in  use,  and  from 
the  curves  obtained  it  is  now  possible  to  go  to  any  pillar,  take 
the  millivolt  drop  across  the  fuses,  note  the  size  of  fuse  wire, 
and  a  reference  to  the  curve  gives  at  once  the  current 
passing,  and  also,  as  we  are  D.c,  the  direction  of  the  current, 
whether  into  or  out  from  the  bus-bar. 

Jt  has  been  found  in  practice  that  such  a  series  of 
readings  is  wonderfully  accurate.  In  recent  tests  the  sum  of 
the  currents  ascertained  to  be  passing  through  the  fuses 
along  the  various  distributors  agreed  not  only  with  the 
measured  current  passing  through  the  feeder  fuse,  but  also 
within  2  per  cent,  to  f)  per  cent,  with  the  feeder  ammeter 
readings  on  the  station  switchboard. 

It  will  easily  be  seen  that  millivolt  readings  like  these 
can  be  taken  very  quickly,  as  it  is  sufficient  to  press  the 
contacts  of  the  voltmeter  leads  on  the  binding  screws  of 
the  fuse,  making  it  possible  to  take  a  complete  set  of 
readings  at  one  feeder  pillar  in  a  very  few  minutes,  and 
without  disturbing  cables  and  fuses. 

From  these  figures  a  diagrammatic  map  of  the  mains  can 
be  made  which  will  not  on?y  show  the  total  load  on  the 
cables,  but  also  will  enable  one  to  see 
where  out-of-balance  occurs.  It  also  shows 
which  mains  are  feeding  or  are  being 
fed  at  interconnecting  points,  and  it 
enables  the  mains  engineer  to  work  out 
a  scheme  whereby,  in  the  event  of 
having  to  run  with  each  feeder  supply- 
ing an  isolated  network,  he  can  see  how 
the  distributors  require  grouping,  so  that 
each  feeder  takes  up  its  proper  share  of 
the  station  output. 

In  taking  the  test  for  curves,  and 
also  the  first  records  at  the  pillars,  it 
is  advisable  to  start  with  new  fuses,  as 
it  will  readily  be  seen  that  a  deteriorated 
fuse  will  give  a  greater  millivolt  drop 
for  the  same  load. 

This  test  is  also  helpful  in  detecting 

a  loose    fuse  contact  or   a  deteriorated 

fuse  at  any  time  after  having  obtained 

an  average  of  readings  for  the  different 

distributors  and  feeders  on  good  fuses. 

\  diagram  is  appended  showing  how 

such   results  ca^n   be    plotted   out,  and     the    arrows    show 

whether  the  mains  are  receiving  current  from,  or  are  feeding 

into,  the  bus-bar  in  the  pillar. 


Insulated  Aluniiniam  Cables,— The  British  Alu- 
minium Co.,  Ltd.,  inform  ua  that  the  Paris  Omnibus  Co.  have  just 
placed  an  important  contract  for  armoured  aluminium  cables  for 
tramway  feeder  networks.  The  cables  will  have  cross-sections  up 
to  1,000  mm.'-'  (TSo  sq.  in.),  and  are  for  a  pressure  of  500  volts. 
The  order  comprises  some  300  tons  of  metal,  nnd  is  expected  to 
show  an  economy  of  8  to  10  per  cent,  as  compared  with  the  cost  of 
copper  cables.  Includinp  cables  already  installed  of  a  net  weipht 
in  aluminium  of  about  300  tons,  this  company's  system  now  has 
in  service  or  on  order  insulated  cables  employing  a  total  of  (100  tons 
of  aluminium. 


Vol.72.    No.  l.Hll.MAUOH  28.  1913.]  'j'KK      K  LKC  "|' Kl( 'A  | ,      HI'lVIKW. 


607 


A    MARCONI    TRAINING    SCHOOL. 


Ah  a  natural  roHult  of  Ihe  rapid  ixlunHton  of  wirelcHH  lolnifraphy 
tho  dtiinand  for  trained  oprratorH  Huh  outrun  tho  Hupply,  uixl 
Marconi'u  WircioBS  ToloKraph  {!o.,  Ltd.,  Hum  btiun  hard  put  to  it  to 
Recurea  HulKoient  number  of  Ihoni  to  take  churife  of  thu  nuinerouH 
iuHtallatiouH  which  it  in  littiii^  on  board  nhip,  and  in  for()i|;n 
countricH.  When  tho  company  entered  into  poKHUHBion  of  itB 
palatial   headi(uarterH  in  the  Strand,   in   May  liiht  year,  it  Met  apart 


Fir,.  1. — Wireless  Telegraph  Trainino   School  at  Marconi  House, 


space  on  the  top  floor  of  Marconi  Houae  for  a  Bchool  for  the 
training:  of  wireless  operators,  with  accommodation  for  fiO  students 
at  day  and  evening  classes,  and  already  1  'iO  of  the  students  have 
passed  the  Postmaster-General's  examination  since  the  opening  of 
the  school,  and  have  obtained  employment  in  the  company's 
service.  The  classes  proved  so  popular  that  the  space  available  was 
taxed  to  the  utmost  soon  after  the  school  was  opened,  and  it  became 
urgfently  necessary  to  provide  increased  accommodation  ;  the 
school  was,  therefore,  transferred  to  the  basement,  where  room  was 
found  for  125  students,  and  when  we  paid  it  a  visit  last  week  the 
space  was  fully  occupied.  We  give  herewith  a  view  of  the  room  in 
which  lectures  are  given  in  the  theory  of  wireless  telegraphy  by  ex- 
perts ;  a  number  of  the  students  are  also  engaged  in  transmitting  and 
receiving  messages  in  the  Morse  code.  We  illustrate  also  the  instru- 
ment room,  which  is  equipped  with  a  5-KW.,a  J-kw.,  and  a  1|-kw.  set 
of  apparatus,  of  the  standard  types  made  by  the  company  ;  here 
the  students  are  taught  to  operate  Marconi  apparatus  of  the  type 
installed  on  board  ship,  and  to  carry  out  repairs  and  adjustments. 

Students   attending    the   day    classes   have   generally  had  some 
experience  with  land  lines  or  cables,  and  arc  able  to  acquire  a  work- 


until  h«  obtuiiiH  the  I'otitmaiiter  OciK-rul'*  o«rtlfli:at(!  and  join*  Iha 
Htufr  of  the  company,  when  thu  total  amount  of  thn  teem  paid  by 
him  is  refniiiled. 

'Ihe  arrangenientn  made  for  the  inntruction  of  the  neopbyt«a 
appear  to  be  very  ctrcotivr-,  and  txfinif  train*:d  with  ap[iaratuii  iden- 
tical with  that  which  they  will  bundle  after  luaviriK  the  »<:hool, 
they  cun  confidently  prowsed  to  take  up  their  appointment*  without 
feur  of  nn<ling  thomHclveH  at  Hea,  in  a  double  ceniut. 

The  company  in  anxiouH  to  extend  the  iMinefit*  of  the  trainioK  to 
the  Territorial  Torw-,  Cwiot '.'orpn,  the  Church  I,b<]h'  brit;ade  and 
the  Uoy  ScoutH.  and  therefore  not  only  will 
the  II /rc//'A<  H<i//'/  contain  a  »erie«  of  Hpeeial 
articles  on  the  Bubject  for  their  benefit, 
starting  with  the  April  number  of  the  new 
magazine  (the  Buccesitor  of  the  Murrtmiiiraph, 
as  already  mentioneil  in  our  pagen),  and 
running  for  12  monthn,  but  examinationd  will 
be  held  at  suitable  centre*  and  vatnable 
pri/.es  will  be  offered,  ob  well  as  <;ertificate8  of 
proBciency  in  connection  with  the  portable 
field  apparatus.  The  company  or  troop  which 
furnishea  the  largest  percentage  of  certificated 
uiembere  will  receive  a  (»mplete  net  of 
Marconi  field  telegraph  apparatus.  Further, 
free  tuition  in  the  working  of  the  Bystem 
will  be  given  at  the  London  School  to  the 
Hoy  Scouts  on  two  evenings  a  week,  which 
should  enable  the  boys,  aftfir  about  three 
monthp,  to  pass  the  examination  for  proficiency 
which  will  be  held. 

The  company  is  to  be  congratulated  not 
only  upon  the  manner  in  which  it  baa 
provided  for  the  supply  of  operators,  btit 
also  upon  this  generouB  offer,  which  i* 
certain  to  evoke  a  hearty  response,  and 
will  result  in  disseminating  a  practical 
working  knowledge  of  wireless  telegraphy 
over  a  wide  area — besides  adding  one  more  to  the  many  "  badges  " 
which  reward  the  industry  of  the  Boy  Scout  who  is  no  slacker. 


SOME    DIFFICULTIES    "WITH    TRAMCAR 
MOTORS. 


The  majority  of  troubles  which  are  found  on  traction  motors 
can  be  traced  to  comparatively  simple  causes.  In  one  case, 
for  example,  it  was  noticed  that  a  motor  was  exception- 
ally hot  when  the  car  was  run,  and  at  first  it  was  thought 
that  there  was  some  defect  in  the  desifjn  or  construction  of 
the  motor,  to  which  the  attention  of  the  manufacturers 
would  have  to  be  drawn.  Examination,  however, 
showed  that  both  of  the  bolts  on  one  of  the  field 
magnets  in  the  top  half  of  the  motor  case 
had  slacked  off,  with  the  result  that  the 
magnet  had  been  dropped  slightly  in 
position,  and  its  pole   face  was  rubbing 


Fig.  2.— Instrument  Room  at  Marconi  House. 


ing  knowledge  of  the  Marconi  system  in  a  couple  of  months  ; 
whilst  they  are  learners  they  receive  pay  at  the  rate  of  ITs.  6d.  a 
week,  and  after  obtaining  the  Postmaster-General's  certificate  of 
proficiency  and  passing  the  examination  set  by  the  company's 
instructor,  they  are  drafted  into  the  service  of  the  company.  The 
commencing  salary  of  a  wireless  telegraphist  is  £1  a  week  and  all 
found  on  board  ship,  with  an  annual  increment  of  2s.  6d.  per  week 
to  a  maximum  of  303.  per  week.  On  promotion  to  the  rank  of 
senior  telegraphist,  the  commencing  salary  is  358.  a  week  and  all 
found  on  board  ship — f.o.b.,  so  to  speak — with  an  annual  increment 
of  5s.  per  week  to  a  maximum  of  55s.  Promotions  are  made  to 
higher  grades  when  vacancies  occur,  according  to  seniority. 
Candidates  for  admission  as  pupils  in  the  evening  classes  have  to  be 
between  19  and  24  years  of  age,  and  must  have  had  previous  busi- 
ness experience  ;  the  cla-^ses  are  held  on  three  evenings  a  week, 
from  7.30  to  10  p.m.      Each   pupil  pays  a  fee  of  28.  6d.  a  week 


FRACTURED  LUG 

The  faces  marked  x  should  meet  when  bolted  up  at  B. 
Fig.   1. 

against  the  armature.  The  field-magnet 
bolts  which  had  been  used  were  of  the 
round-headed  type,  and  the  only  inference 
which  could  be  come  to  was  that 
when  the  motor  had  been  fitted,  and  the 
nuts  had  apparently  been  tightened, 
the  bolts  had  been  turned  round  with  the  nuts,  with 
the  result  that  they  were  not  tightened  up  properly.  It 
was,  of  course,  a  mistake  to  use  round-headed  bolts 
of  this  description  for  such  a  purpose,  as  it  is  difficult 
to  prevent  the  bolt  itself  from  turning,  and  all  that  can  be 
done  with  this  class  of  field-magnet  lx)lt  is  to  exercise  very 
great  care  to  see  that  the  bolt  does  not  turn,  and  to  use  a 
good  make  of  lock  washer.  Wherever  possible,  however, 
square-headed  bolts  should  be  used. 

.\nother  cause  of  failure  was  discovered  some  little  time 
after  a  car  motor  had  been  overhauled  and  fitted  with  new 
bearing  bushes.  After  a  short  run  in  service,  it  was  found 
that  a  bearing  cap  was  broken,  and  that  the   armature  had 


508 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  73.  No.  1,844,  mabch  28, 1913, 


dropped  on  the  field  magnets,  and  the  car  was  taken  back 
to  the  depot  for  inspection.  It  was  then  seen  that  the  new 
bearine;  bushes  were  slightly  larger  in  diameter  than  was 
requisite,  and  consequently  when  the  bearing  cap  was 
bolted  up,  the  Ing  face  did  not  bear  against  the  motor  face. 
The  position  will  be  understood  by  reference  to  the  illustra- 
tion in  lig.  1.  If  the  l)earing  bush  had  been  of  the  right 
external  diameter,  the  faces  of  the  bearing-cap  lugs  would 
have  met  the  corresponding  surfaces  pro\ided  on  the  motor 
case,  but  the  result  of  a  gap  left  in  this  way  was  that  the 
lugs  of  the  cap,  which  was  a  casting,  were  in  tension,  and 
when  they  were  subjected  to  the  strain  of  the  motor  and  the 
vibration  on  the  road,  they  sheared,  as  shown  in  the  sketch. 
Thus  a  considerable  amount  of  trouble  was  caused  by  what 
was  apparently  an  altogether  unimportant  detail,  but  the 
attention  of  the  turner  was  drawn  to  the  defect  in  order  to 
secure  the  system  from  further  trouble  due  to  this  cause. 

Another  difficulty  which  may  be  mentioned  was  of  such  a 
nature  that  at  first  the  superintendent  was  thrown  upon  the 
wrong  scent  altogether,  and  it  was  not  until  a  considerable 
amount  of  investigation  had  taken  place  that  the  true  cause 
of  the  trouble  was  identified.  It  was  noted  on  inspecting  a 
car  after  returning  from  service  that  the  motor  case  on  the 
car  had  been  rubbing  slightly  on  the  stone  setts  between  the 
track.  Usually  this  occurs  when  there  are  some  high  setts 
somewhere  along  the  track,  or  else  when  the  wheel  tires 
are  Iteing  run  at  less  than  the  minimum  thickness.  It 
was  found  that  although  the  tires  were  worn,  they  were 
still  larger  than  the  minimum  diameter.  An  investigation 
of  the  track  throughout  the  whole  route,  where  the  car  had 
been  in  service,  showed  that  it  was  in  quite  good  condition, 
without  any  stone  setts  projecting  unduly  from  the  surface 
of  the  permanent  way.  Investigation  was,  therefore,  thrown 
back  on  the  car  itself,  and  after  a  considerable  amount  of 
search  it  was  discovered  that  there  were  no  rubber  shock 
absorbers  under  the  axle-box  springs,  and,  partly  due  to  this 
cause,  the  sprhigs  themselves  had  closed  up  for  about  r,  in. 
These  shock  absorbers  consisted  of  rubber  washers  about  1  in. 
thick  when  they  were  not  under  compression,  and  the  com- 
bined efl'ect  of  their  absence,  together  with  the  closing-up 
of  the  springs  and  the  wear  on  the  tires  which  had  taken 
place,  had  reduced  the  motor  clearance  to  such  an  extent 
that  the  motor  casing  had  rubbed  on  the  crown  setts  of  the 
track.  The  fitting  of  shock  absorbers  under  the  axle-box 
springs,  together  with  the  introduction  of  new  springs  of 
standard  length,  gave  sufficient  room  to  the  motors  to  enable 
the  full  mileage  to  be  got  out  of  the  tires  before  they  had  to 
be  renewed. 

In  another  case  a  hot  armature  bearing  occuned  on  a  car 
motor  which  had  just  been  overhauled,  and  when  the  bear- 
ing was  taken  down  in  order  to  discover  the  cause  of  the 
trouble,  it  was  found  that  this  bearing  had  not  received  any 
lubrication,  and  it  therefore  fired  and  seized.  The  bearing 
bush  had  been  fitted  with  a  slot  through  which  a  felt  pad 
pressed  on  the  journal,  and  supplied  the  lubricant,  and  on 
the  bearing  cap  was  provision  for  a  dowel  pin  fitting  into  a 
hole  in  the  bush  in  order  to  ensure  that  the  lubricating  slot 
was  in  the  proper  position.  In  this  particular  case,  how- 
ever, the  dowel  pin  had  come  out  during  the  overhaul  of 
the  motor,  and,  unfortunately,  when  the  motor  was  put  mto 
position  again,  the  absence  of  the  dowel  pin  was  not  noticed. 
Hence  when  the  car  was  running  in  ser\icc  the  bearing 
bush  turned  owing  to  the  absence  of  the  pin,  and  in  turning 
;  displaced  the  pad,  interrupting  the  supply  of  lubricant  and 
causing  the  hot  bearing. 

These  few  instances  are  typical  of  a  good  many  others 
which  might  be  narrated,  showing  the  importance  of  the 
proper  upkeep  and  repair  of  a  tramway  system. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

Lftteri  reeeitvd  by  Ui  after  6  P.M.  ON  TUESDAY  cannot  appear  until 
the  following  iceek.  CorretjiondeTitt  thould  forward  their  commvni- 
cations  at  the  earliest  possible  numtent.  iVo  letter  can  be  published 
unless  UM  have  the  writer'' s  name  and  address  vn  our  possession. 


fjiateshead   Tramway.s. — The  (Jateshead  and    District 

Electric  Tramwayt'  (Jo.  is  just  startinsr  a  service  of  motor-buses  as 
aiijuiicts  to  the  tramways.  The  first  section  will  be  between  Low  Fell 
and  (;he8ter-le-Street,  bo  that  passengers  will  be  able  to  travel  from 
<;ate;<hcad  by  car  to  Low  Fell,  and  thence  by  'bus  to  Chestcr-le- 
Street,  a  di^'anec  of  8J  miles,  for  a  6d.  fare.  Another  route  will 
link  up  Heworth ,  tramway  terminus  with  the  Usworth  and 
WanbinKton  district,  .  The  chassis  of  the  'bases  have  been  built  by 
^fesara.  ^traker-i:  Sqnire,  and  the  bodies  by  the  Immiscb  Co. 


Notice  of  Opening  of  Roads. 

I  understand  that  under  Clause  (d  of  the  new  l>ill  pro- 
moted by  the  Metropolitan  AVater  Hoard,  the  promoters  are 
seeking  to  obtain  powers  to  force  any  local  authority  or  gas, 
electric  light  or  water  company  to  give  them  three  days' 
notice  before  opening  up  any  roads  in  their  area. 

The  Battersea  Borough  Council  are  endeavouring  to  get 
the  reference  to  local  authorities  omitted,  but  I  have  yet  to 
hear  that  anyone  is  moving  on  behalf  of  the  companies. 

The  electric  light  companies  are  already  sufficiently 
burdened  in  this  respect,  having  to  give  notice  to  the  local 
authority  and  the  gas  company.  One  would  not  mind  so 
much  if  the  local  authorities  and  the  gas  companies  were 
compelled  to  return  the  compliment,  but  they  are  not. 

Is  it  not  worth  while  even  now  for  the  companies  to  follow 
the  example  of  the  Battersea  Borough  Council  and  endeavour 
to  get  the  reference  to  themselves  omitted,  or  failing  this,  to 
get  a  corresponding  obUgation  imposed  upon  the  Water 
Board  ? 

M.  Fairer. 

Twickenham  Electricity  Supply, 
March  18lh,  1913. 


Regulations  Regarding  Celluloid. 

There  are  points  in  the  London  County  Council  General 
Towei-s  Bill  and  the  City  of  London  Celluloid  Regulations 
Bill  which  should  recei\'e  the  attention  of  traders,  on 
account  of  the  probable  effects  of  them  if  they  are  allowed  to 
be  2>assed.  If  these  Bills  which  propose  to  deal  with  the 
London  area  are  passed,  no  doubt  similar  legislation  will  be 
promoted  all  over  the  country,  and  it  is  therefore  impera- 
tive that  ]\Iembers  of  Parliament  should  be  approached  by 
traders  to  call  their  attention  to  the  effect  such  legislation 
would  have  in  handicapping  shopkeepers  and  warehousemen, 
who  are  already  suffering  from  heavy  taxation,  and  some  of 
whom  are  hardly  able  to  make  a  reasonable  livelihood,  and 
if  they  were  to  be  subjected  to  further  hai-assing  regulations 
would  ha\e  to  close  down. 

Neither  the  London  County  Council  nor  the  City  of 
London  Coiporation  have  the  slightest  case  for  asking  for 
regulations  for  the  storage  of  celluloid.  The  fact  is  that  the 
fire  at  Moor  Lane,  where  they  were  manufacturing  articles 
out  of  celluloid,  has  caused  the  County  Council  and  the 
Corporation  to  promote  hasty  and  immature  Bills.  The 
manipulation  of  celluloid  is  one  thing,  and  the  storage  is 
another,  and  we  must  fight  to  the  best  of  our  ability  to 
have  the  storage  clauses  cut  out  of  the  Bill  altogether. 

The  Bills  ask  Parliament  to  grant  practically  unlimited 
l)owers  to  members  of  these  two  corporate  bodies,  most  of 
whom  have  no  knowledge  of  the  trade,  and  who  may,  with 
the  best  intentions,  so  use  their  powers  as  to  destroy  the 
trade  without  any  necessity  at  all. 

The  regulations  are  left  entirely  to  the  discretion  of  the 
County  Council  or  the  City  Corporation,  and  on  behalf  of 
the  trade  I  most  strongly  object  to  its  being  left  to  any 
such  body  to  create  restrictions  which  are  wholly  unnecessary, 
the  nature  of  which  is  not  foreshadowed  in  any  way,  and 
which,  if  unreasonably  made,  must  seriously  hamper  a  very  J 
important  industry  and  business.  1 

Traders  are  at  present  suffering  from  a  sufficiency,  to  say 
the  least,  of  inspection  and  inspectors,  and  from  the  dead 
charges  created  by  recent  legislation ;  now  a  new  attempt 
at  creating  a  fresh  army  of  inspectors  is  found  in  these 
two  Bills,  and  it  is  both  desirable  and  necessary  for  the 
trade  to  oppose  them, 

I  have  been  examining  the  reports  for  the  last  seven 
years  of  the  Chief  of  the  London  Fire  Brigade,  and  find 
that  out  of  a  total  of  21,72(1  lires,  only  10  were  in  any  way 
affected  by  celluloid,  and  in  almost  every  case  it  was  in 
connection  with  celluloid  lilm.  Large  quantities  of  celluloid 
have  been  sold  and  stored  in  shops  and  warehouses  for  the 
last  35  years,  and  the  record  is  singularly  clean.  For  every 
one  death  due  to  celluloid,  according  to  the  firemaster's 


Vol.  72. 

No.  1,811,  Makoii  2h,  1913.] 

TIM':    i:l 

i;(  TKK'AI. 

i;i:\  ii:\\. 

GO!! 

reports  above  referred  to,  there  were  DO  reeonled  (iiu;  to 
cliililren  pliiyin}^  with  iimtclios,  beside  a  hoHt  due  to  children 
playing  with  fire  ;  yet  ourC'ounty  (Council  mid  (!ity  Corpora- 
tion do  not  taitc  any  notice  of  that,  bnt  from  Kcntiniental 
reasons  they  promote  IJills  of  whicli  the  pn^ainlile,  ho  far  as 
it  rehitcs  to  tlie  niatttira  afonisaid,  is  unfounded  and  in- 
correct, and  incapable  of  proof. 

If  any  traders  want  any  further  purticidars,  I  shall  be  only 
too  liapjiy  to  supply  them. 

Tlio  Itritish  Xylonite  ('<».,  Lt«I. 

Tugs.   H.   Brookk,    Ciniimrri-ial  Maiiii</fi: 
Hale  Kud,  1-ondon,  Miiirh  VMk,  1013. 
[Wo  refer  to  this  matter  in  a  leaderette. —  Eds.  [^\.v.v.  Kkv.J 


Canvassing  Councillors. 

With  reference  to  the  recent  meeting  of  the  Bermondsey 
15or>)Ugh  Council,  at  which  our  tender  for  170  Mctroflam 
lamps  was  formally  accepted,  our  attention  has  been  drawn 
to  a  complaint  made  by  one  of  the  members  relative  to 
councillors  beii  g  canvassed  at  tlieir  homes  by  the  repre- 
sentatives of  competing  arc-lamp  makers. 

We  wish  to  make  it  quite  clear  that  the  remarks  in 
([ucstion  have  no  reference  to  our  firm,  as  we  have  never 
approached  any  of  the  members  of  the  Council  in  connection 
with  this  contract,  all  our  communications  with  the  Council 
being  made  through  the  borough  electrical  engineer. 

Jolinson  &   rhillips,  Ltd., 

St.  J.  SHEri'AUD,   Direitnr. 

Charlton,  31atrh  IH/A,  1913. 


Morse  Signalling  on  Submarine  Cabks. 

Referring  to  my  letter  and  cable  slip  of  March  7th,  1913, 
may  1  beg  sufficient  space  in  your  valuable  paper  to  inform 
Mr.  E.  Raymond-Barker,  and  others  interested,  that  1  did 
most  successfully,  and  without  any  difficulty  whatsoever, 
convert  these  inverse  currents  into  Morse  dots  and  dashes  in 
the  manner  suggested,  and  they  might  have  been  relayed 
with  ease. 

P.  O'Neil. 

Ijondon,  E.C.,  Manh  18//*,  1913. 


The  "  Load-Factor  "  ({iiestiou. 

In  reply  to  "Consumer,"  for  the  purposes  of  determining 
a  charge  for  energy,  the  time  element  may  be  the  total 
number  of  hours  during  which  current  is  available,  viz., 
8, 7110  for  an  ordinary  year  for  most  public  supplies. 

Few  figures  can  be  so  misleading  as  that  of  load-factor. 

It  is  quite  easy  to  show  that  a  poor  load-factor  can  be 
profitably  supplied  at  a  very  low  rate  ;  it  does  not  always 
follow  that  a  high  load-factor  can  be  supplied  at  a  low  rate. 

A  domestic  refrigerating  plant  will  probably  have  a  very 
low  load- factor,  but  it  can  be  quoted  at  a  low  price  because 
it  will  only  be  used  in  the  summer  time,  and  only  a  very 
small  percentage  of  the  energy  it  uses  will  be  delivered  at 
times  of  any  peak  load. 

The  load-factor  of  a  barber's  brush  is  not  higli,  but  it 
is  quite  desirable  business  on  account  of  its  abnormal  diver- 
sity. Again,  cooking  offers  an  "  all-the-year-round  "  load 
with  summer  maximum,  and  can  be  quoted  at  lower  rates 
than  heating,  if  that  is  considered  desirable.  This  is,  per- 
haps, the  best  case  for  the  load  factor. 

A  case  came  under  my  notice  a  while  ago,  in  which  one 
customer  was  taking  two  classes  of  load  of  about  equal 
demand,  from  8  a.m.  to  midnight  all  the  year  round.  The 
normal  load  factor  was  really  over  30  i^er  cent.,  but  for  a 
few  weeks  in  the  winter  time  the  two  loads  overlap  for  an 
hour  or  a  trifle  more.  Academically,  this  overlapping  halves 
the  load  factor,  because  it  doubles  the  ma.ximum  demand. 
It  is  one  of  those  many  cases  in  which  a  load  factor  is  of 
small  commercial  significance  in  deciding  the  price  to  be 
quoted. 

Probably  no  system  of  charging  for  all  loads  will  ever  be 
so  sound  and  equitable  as  by  two  rates  over  stated  periods — 
unless  Dr.  Ferranti'a  dream  materialises,  when,  I  suppose, 


load  curves  will  lie  like  u  HuwfxJge,  and  unitH  fetch  ntxjut  £1 
jx-'r  1,000.  The  cost  of  the  incten*  niiliUitiw  ajftiinHi  tJw; 
general  adojition  of  this  wiheme,  but  having  d<U;riiii  ned  wliat 
must  be  the  "guarded  "  or  iiigh-price  i»crio<J,  it  will  not  I* 
dillicidt  to  deU;rniine  approxiiiiaUiy  what  percenUige  of  the 
total  units  delivered  to  any  (^UHlonifT  will  b<;  gen<niu-<l 
within  that  "  guarded  |KTiod."  For  LhiK  fjcrcx-nUigc,  tin; 
"  average  price  obtiiined  "  shoidd  at  least  lie  <:hurged,  an<l  for 
the  remainder  a  small  margin  above  "  running  <x>st« "  an 
SPI»arated  from  "  stjindiiig  chargeH." 

The  price  charged  inside  the  "guarded  jxTJod  "  <-iti 
gradually  ad\ance  as  the  jH'rcentage  incrciasingly  pre|«in- 
derat<!8  up  to  a  maxiinum  pricf;  pf;r  unit.  iVoin  \.\x*m 
figures  a  Hat  rate  can  be  quoted. 

Ketrinahl  W.  klit/, 
Chii'/  Ami'mtant  Electrical  tJngmnr, 

Wimbledon  Electricity  Supply, 
Manh  2Qlh,  1913. 


The  Electro- Harmonic  Socletj-. 

I  think  if  the  letter  in  your  issnc  of  the  2l8t  were 
allowed  to  pass  without  comment,  a  very  wrong  impression 
would  get  abroad.  I  can  personally  assure  you  that  a  very 
large  number  indeed  of  the  memlxjrs  of  the  Electro- 
Harmonic  Society  have  a  strong  objection  to  tlie  practice  of 
not  smoking  on  Ladies'  Nights  ;  this  feeling  is  not  confined 
to  the  members,  but  is  shared  by  the  ladies  as  well.  I  think 
that  no  one  could  have  any  objection  to  smoking  being  per- 
mitted, say,  after  the  interval.  Your  correspondent's 
remarks  about  drinkers  seem  to  l)e  quite  out  of  place. 

Referring  to  your  foot-note  to  the  letter  in  your  Issue  of 
the  7th  inst.,  the  fact  that  you  have  not  heard  any  com- 
plaints from  Mnnbers  of  the  Society  must  be  due  to  the  fact 
that  you  are  so  busy  attending  to  the  artistes  and  the  pro- 
gramme. The  subject  is  often  broached  in  the  room,  and  I 
can  give  you  a  lengthy  list  of  people  who  would  like  to  see 
the  present  practice  changed. 

If  the  Committee  do  not  wish  to  make  the  alteration,  they 
might  at  least  remove  temptation  from  us  in  the  shape  of 
matches  and  fairy  lamps,  which  are  always  placed  on  the 
tables  ! 

F.  R.  C.  Rouse. 

London,  N.W.,  Manh  20/A,  1913. 

[It  is  not  for  us  to  dictate  to  the  Committee.  The 
"  Ladies'  Nights "  are  not  "  Bohemian "  Concerts,  and  if 
members  and  ladies  find  difficulty  in  refraining  from 
indulgence  in  the  fragrant  weed,  we  can  only  suggest  that 
the  temptation  be  removed.  We  may  add  that  our 
meeting  with  members  is  not  confined  to  the  King's  Hall. — 
Eds.  Elec.  Rev.] 


Small  Electrical  Undertaltings. 

In  regard  to  your  Xorth  Yorks.  note  on  p.  171,  the 
Dales  are  much  further  forward  than  even  your  notice 
would  indicate.  Some  five  yeai-s  ago,  the  Askrigg  works 
were  started  to  supply  Askrigg,  a  village  of  400  inhabitants: 
the  following  year  the  Reeth  and  Hawes  schemes  were 
undertaken,  with  populations  of  400  and  sOO  respectively. 
Grassington  was  finished  just  after  Askrigg  ;  two  years  ago, 
the  Aysgarth  scheme  was  undertaken,  while  Middleham  was 
similarly  provided  for  three  yeai-s  ago. 

Bainbridge,  a  little  village  of  less  than  250  inhabitants, 
has  its  own  plant  supplying  at  Gd.  per  unit,  and  looks  like 
paying.  I  may  say  the  schemes  vary  from  .'lOO  volts  A.c. 
to  50  volts  D.c,  and  are  worked  from  ancient  water  wheels, 
turbines  and  up-to-date  producer  gas  plants. 

Ernest  liiirton. 
Askrigg,  March  i^th,  1913. 


Heavy-Service  Lampliolders  and  .4daittcr$. 

Re  "  Sales  Superintendent's "  and  "  Engineer's " 
remarks  about  lampholders,  this  lampboldcr  is  badly 
required  here,  and,  so  far,  the  manufacturers  have  nothing 
that  will  stand  5  amperes  for  any  length  of  time  without 


610 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW.      [Voi.  72.  No.  i,s44,  mabch  js,  1913. 


breaking  down.  The  old  form  of  lampholder  with  the 
springs  sweated  or  brazed  to  the  pins  at  the  top.  and  the 
base  of  contact  to  the  leads,  would  carry  5  amperes 
without  injury.  The  lampholders  of  to-day  are  very  inferior 
in  this  particular.  1  am  sure  that  any  suppliers  of  a  suitable 
o-aropere  capacity  B.C.  lampholder  would  get  a  huge  demand 
not  only  here,  but  all  over  the  country,  owing  to  the  in- 
creasing system  of  charging  by  contract,  Ac,  and  registering 
the  domestic  light  and  power  consumption  through  only  one 
meter. 

C.  J.  Stonier, 

Silrx  Superi  lite  tide  lit, 

Dundee  Ekctricity  Supply, 

Manh  30//^  1913. 


LEGAL 


County  ok  London  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  v. 
J.  Salomon  &  Co 

Mr.  JrsTiCE  Bankes  on  Tuesday,  March  18th,  in  the  King's 
Bench  Division,  had  before  him  for  further  consideration  the.  case 
in  which  the  plaintiffs  sued  defendants,  leather  dealers,  of  Weston 
Street,  Bermondsey,  to  recover  £1,880  5h.  Id.,  for  electricity 
supplied  to  the  defendants'  factory  at  Mina  Road,  Old  Kent  Road, 
S.E.,from  June,  1908,  to  Xovember.  1911.  Theplaintiffs'  case  wastbat 
through  the  reading  of  the  final  figure  of  the  total  shown  on  the 
meter  dial  as  a  decimal  instead  of  a  unit,  the  defendants  bad,  in 
error,  only  been  charged  one-tenth  of  the  proper  amount.  The 
matter  was  reported  in  our  issue  of  March  7th.  The  jury  bad 
found  in  answer  to  questions  left  to  them,  that  the  plaintiffs  at  the 
end  of  each  quarter  by  the  quarterly  accounts  rendered,  represented 
to  the  defendants  that  the  quantity  of  power  consumed  was 
materially  less  than  the  amount  actually  consumed,  but  that  the 
plaintiffs  did  not  intend  that  the  defendants  should  act  upon  such 
representations,  that  the  defendants  acted  upon  such  representa- 
tions, that  the  meter  supplied  by  the  plaintiffs  was  a  suitable  one, 
that  the  plaintiffs'  servants  were  negligent  in  reading  the  meter, 
that  the  plaintiffs  kept  the  meter  in  proper  order  for  correctly 
registering  the  value  of  the  supply,  and  that  the  defendants  by 
reasonable  care  could  have  ascertained  that  they  were  using  much 
more  power  than  they  were  being  charged  for. 

Mk.  Atkin,  K.C,  counsel  for  the  plaintiffs,  said  that  his  Lordship 
would  not  be  further  troubled  with  the  case.  The  plaintiffs  abated 
£150  off  the  claim,  and  there  would  be  judgment  for  the  plaintiffs 
for  £1,730  58.  6d.,  with  costs.  Certain  money  in  Court  would  be 
paid  out  in  part  satisfaction. 

Mb.  Justice  Bankes,  in  assenting,  said  :  I  am  very  glad  to 
hear  that. 


British  Economical  Lamp  Co..  Ltd.,  r.  The  Empire,  Mile 
End,  Ltd..  and  A.  Bernstein. 

On  March  I'.'th,  the  reserved  judgment  was  delivered  of  the  King's 
Bench  Divisional  Court,  composed  of  Justices  A.  T.  Lawrence  and 
Lush,  in  this  case,  which  had  been  argued  before  their  Lordships  on 
February  14th.  The  plaintiff  company  appealed  against  a  decision 
by  Sir  Forrest  Fulton,  the  Recorder,  at  the  Mayor's  Court  last  year. 
The  plaintiff  company  had  proceeded  to  recover  certain  lamps  at  the 
theatre,  or  their  value,  and  damages  for  their  alleged  detention.  They 
had  been  let  to  the  theatre  tenants,  and  the  landlord  had  entered  on 
account  of  the  non-payment  of  the  rent.  The  plaintiffs  claimed  the 
lamps,  but  the  Recorder  held  that  the  bulbs  were  fixtures,  and  had 
entered  judgment  for  the  defendant,  the  lessor. 

For  the  appellant  company,  Mr.  Geo.  Wallace,  K.C,  had  argued 
that  the  glass  bulbs  were  not  part  of  the  house,  and  Mr.  Rankin 
had  submitted  an  argument  in  support  of  the  Recorder's  decision. 

The  judgment  of  Mr.  Justice  Lawrence  (read  by  Mr.  Justice 
Lush)  was  to  the  effect  that  the  appeal  must  be  dismissed,  with 
costs.  The  action  was  brought  to  recover  the  electric  lamps, 
or  their  value,  and  damages  for  their  detention.  The  owners 
of  the  theatre  re-entered  for  non-payment  of  the  rent,  and  had  been 
in  possession  a  month  or  more  before  the  plaintiffs  made  their 
claim.  The  lamps  were  afiBxed  to  the  brackets  by  the  bayonet 
attachment  in  common  use  for  the  purpose  The  plaintiff  com- 
pany let  the  lamps  out  on  hire  to  the  late  tenants  of  the  theatre, 
and  at  the  Mayor's  Court  the  Recorder  had  held  that  the  lamps 
were  trade  fixtures,  and  had  given  judgment  for  the  defendant. 
The  plaintiffs'  appeal  was  against  this  decision,  and  they  had  to 
consider  if  the  plaintiffs  had  shown  a  cause  of  action.  In  his 
opinion  they  had  not  done  so.  They  claimed  the  right  to  enter 
the  theatre  and  remove  the  lamps.  The  plaintiffs  had  their 
remedy  against  the  person  to  whom  they  let  the  lamps.  He  thought 
the  case  did  not  involve  any  examination  of  the  various  decisions 
as  to  fixtures.  In  his  judgment  the  plaintiffs  failed,  because  they 
had  shown  no  cause  of  action.  The  lamps  were  affixed  to  the 
brackets,  and  he  knew  of  no  duty  on  the  part  of  the  defendant  to 
disconnect  them  and  return  them  to  the  plaintiff  company.  He 
thought,  therefore,  the  appeal  muBt  be  dismisaed  with  coste. 


Mb.  Justice  Lush,  in  his  judgment,  pointed  out  that  the  de- 
fendant was  the  lessor  of  the  theatre,  and  he  had  re-entered  for 
non-payment  of  the  rent.  The  Recorder  had  held  that  the  lamps 
were  trade  fixtures,  and  had  given  judgment  against  the  plaintiff's, 
but  he  (Mr.  Justice  Lush)  did  not  agree  with  that  view.  He  agreed, 
however,  that  the  plaintiffs  had  shown  no  cause  of  action,  and  he 
agreed  that  the  appeal  must  be  dismissed  with  costs. 

The  appeal  was  accordingly  dismissed  with  costs.  Leave  was 
granted  appellantd  to  appeal  further. 

Mk.  Geo.  'Wall.sce,  K.C,  smilingly  observed  that  "  the  decision 
they  really  wanted  they  had  not  got." 


Battebsea  Bobough  Council  c  The  County  of  London 
Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

In  the  Chancery  Divi.-ion,  on  Tuesday,  this  case  was  mentioned  on 
a  motion  by  the  plaintiffs  for  an  interlocutory  inj  mction  restrain- 
ing the  defendant  company  from  breaking  up  the  Council's  streets 
in  order  to  lay  their  mains. 

Mb.  Hughes,  K.C.  (for  the  plaintiff.-*),  explained  that  the  action 
raised  a  very  important  question  upon  a  point  of  law  under  the 
London  Electric  Supply  Act  of  l'J08,  but  it  was  quite  impossible 
for  him  to  proceed  with  his  motion  that  day,  as  the  defendant  com- 
pany had  just  filed  an  affidavit,  which  he  had  not  had  an 
opportunity  of  considering.  Counsel  ai^ked  his  Lordship  to  fix  a 
convenient  day  early  next  term,  as  the  matter  was  very  urgent. 

Sir  Alkked  Cripps,  K.C,  M.P.  (for  the  defendant  company), 
agreed  that  the  question  was  one  of  law  and  that  it  was  important, 
but  said  that  his  view  was  that  it  had  already  been  decided  in  his 
favour  in  a  case  tried  by  Mr.  Justice  Parker  (now  Lord  Parker).  It 
was  a  case  in  which  the  defendant  company  had  to  give  certain 
notices,  which  had  been  done.  If  those  notices  were  objected  to, 
they  had,  in  the  company's  view,  to  go  before  the  Board  of  Trade. 
The  company  were  quite  willing  to  go  before  the  Board  of  Trade, 
admitting  that  they  were  unable  to  proceed  without  the  consent  of 
that  body.  They  refused,  however,  to  give  any  undertaking  pending 
the  hearing  of  this  motion. 

Mb.  Hughes  :  They  claim  to  break  up  our  streets  and  lay  their 
mains  through  our  streets.  Whether  they  are  right  or  wrong,  it  is 
an  important  matter  for  the  Council. 

His  Lordship  fixed  Monday,  April  7th,  for  the  hearing  of  the 
motion,  subject  to  any  case  part-heard. 


Hall,  Bayliss  &  Co.,   Ltd.,  r.  Boddam. 

This  action,  heard  at  Clerkenwell  County  Court  last  week,  was  a 
claim  by  plaintiffs,  a  firm  of  manufacturers,  against  Col.  Boddam, 
an  electrical  specialist,  of  Old  Jewry,  EC,  for  £(>  Is.  9d.,  as  the 
half  cost,  as  agreed,  of  making  an  electric  water  heater,  carrying 
out  tests,  and  advising.  Defendant  counterclaimed  for  £20. 
Plaintiffs,  he  set  up,  verbally  agreed  to  make  an  electric  water 
heater  according  to  plans  and  specification  to  the  value  of  £20,  in 
return  for  21  days'  option  to  purchase  the  patent.  Defendant  com- 
plained that  the  heater  was  not  of  proper  material  or  manufacture. 
Plaintiffs,  he  alleged,  did  not  carry  out  their  contract,  and  he 
claimed  as  damages  the  £20  agreed  to  be  paid  for  the  option. 

At  the  close  of  the  hearing,  his  Honoub  held  that  plaintiffs 
were  entitled  to  recover  on  the  claim  for  £.■>  16s.  6d.  With 
regard  to  the  counterclaim,  that  was  a  whole  misconception.  One 
man  could  not  say  that  another  one  must  exercise  an  option. 
That  was  not  the  meaning  of  giving  an  option.  The  person  to 
whom  it  was  given  had  the  right  to  say,  "  I  am  not  going  to 
exercise  it,"  and  because  of  his  refusal  the  other  side  could  not 
come  upon  him  for  damage  unless  the  man  promised  to  pay 
damages  in  the  event  of  failure  to  exercise  the  option.  Therefore, 
the  judgment  must  be  for  plaintiffs  on  the  claim  and 
countercliim. 


Postmaster-General  >■.  Dublin  Coeporation. 

In  the  Chancery  Division,  on  17th  inst.,  in  the  matter  of  the  above 
action,  it  was  stated  that  difficulties  had  arisen  between  the  parties 
as  to  the  carrying  out  of  certain  telephone  works  which  were  then 
in  course  of  execution.  After  hearing  the  argument,  the  Master  of 
the  Rolls  directed  an  injunction  to  issue  until  further  order, 
restraining  the  Corporation  from  interfering  with,  or  in  any  way 
obstructing,  the  plaintiff  in  the  laying  of  an  underground  tele- 
phone line  and  the  provision  of  manholes  along  Baggot  Street, 
Merrion  Street,  and  Nassau  Street,  as  shown  by  the  plan  furnished 
to  the  defendants  by  the  plaintiff,  the  plaintiff  undertaking  to  abide 
by  any  order  of  the  Court.    The  question  of  costs  was  reserved. 


Burnbam  (Somerset). — With  reference  to  the  electric 

lighting  scheme  proposed  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Purves,  of  Exeter,  the  U.D.C 
has  afked  him,  if  he  .saw  no  real  prospect  of  being  able  to  form  a 
company  to  carry  out  the  scheme,  whether  he  would  agree  to  stand 
aside  so  that  the  Council  could  negotiate  with  others.  Dr.  Purves 
had  previously  written  to  the  Council  promising  that  Burnbam 
should  be  attended  to  now  that  a  company  had  been  floated,  but  as 
the  time  in  which  the  company  had  to  be  registered  had  really 
expired,  he  asked  the  Council  to  grant  another  four  months  in 
which  to  enable  him  to  get  the  company  registered.  At  the 
Council  meeting  it  was  explained  that  Dr.  Purves  had  until 
August  8th  to  complete  the  matter. 


Vol.72.    No.  1,SM,  MAiirii  as,  it)i:t. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RI^VIEW. 


Oil 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Catalojfnes  ami  Lists.— Tmk  Runisii  Ammlnitm  Co., 

lO'J,  Qiioon  Victoria  Street,  I,ondoii,  K.C. — Three  new  illuMtnitfsd 
circularH,  one  relatinu  to  aluminium  collector  bows,  a  second  con- 
cerning ftluniinium  liftht  railway  feedere,  and  the  third,  sundry 
aluminium  flttinpH. 

Micssus.  DuKNNAN,  fti.ovi'.K  vt  Cooi'nu,  Corn  Exchanife  Builil- 
inps,  Ilanpinpr  Ditch,  Manchester.— OataloRue  "  .1,"  of  ."■(■>  pajfes,  con- 
taining' a  lari;e  amount  of  tabulated  data  and  prices,  relating  to  their 
resistance  materials,  including  "  Nichrome  "  reHiBtaccc  wire,  which 
in  widely  used  for  domestic  electric  heatinpr  devices,  and  "  Nichrome 
II,"  which  is  the  successful  outcome  of  several  years'  work  to 
produce  a  wire  which  can  be  run  permanently  at  2,000*  F.  Owinir  to 
its  slightly  hipher  cost,  the  restriction  of  its  use  at  precent  to  more 
severe  conditions,  such  as  laboratory  furnaces,  solderinpr  irons,  grrills, 
hot-plates,  kc,  is  suKgested.  The  other  materials  included  in  the 
list  are  Climax  nickel.  Advance,  Therlo.  Yankee  silver,  German 
silver,  and  ferro-nickel. 

Messrs.  W.  T.  Heni-ey's  Teleoraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd.,  Blom- 
field  Street,  London  Wall,  London,  E.C.  — Circular  No.  76  eivinp: 
particulars  and  prices  of  a  new  patent  plup  for  use  with  the  Henley 
wiring  system,  for  fixing  theijr  patent  "  Link  "  clips,  saddles  and 
protective  covering  to  plaster,  brick,  marble,  slate,  atone,  kc.  It  is 
believed  that  the  plug  will  fill  a  long-felt  want  for  many  purposes. 


,-;.v-vv.^^^  \\\ 


\  xWvWVI 


SiJiPLE.x    Shobt-Arm  Tee. 


Henley's  New  Patent  Phva 


The  hole  made  for  the  plug  is  only  a  little  larger  in  diameter  than 
the  screw  that  fits  it.  Satisfactory  tests  made  at  the  works  showing 
the  strength  of  pull  required  to  remove  the  plugs  from  plaster  and 
brick  respectively,  are  published  in  the  list. 

Messrs.  Simpi.E-V  Conduits,  Ltd.,  London  and  Birmingham. — 
191,3  edition  of  their  pocket  catalogue  (84  pp.)  of  conduits  and 
_  conduit      accessories,     distribution 

boards  and  watertight  fittings.  Very 
compactly  arranged,  and  with 
numerous  illustrations  and  price 
information,  the  present  edition  con- 
tains practically  the  whole  of  the 
matter  covered  by  sections  "T,'' 
"D,"  '"U''  and  "M"  of  their  general 
catalogue  in  a  condensed  form,  and 
bound  in  handy  size  for  contractors' 
convenience  on  the  job.  One  or  two 
new  designs  of  conduit  fittings  have 
been  added.  These  include  back 
outlet  bends  and  tees,  which  are 
intended  for  screwed  conduit  installations,  and  have  heavy  cast 
covers,  to  serve  as  a  drawing  point  where  a  branch  is  taken  oflf  at 
right  angles  to  the  main  run  of  conduit. 

Messrs.  Cammell  L.vied  *:  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cyclops  Steel  and  Iron 
Works,  Sheffield.—"  Catalogue  of  Tool  Steel "  (about  90  pages, 
bound).  Particulars  of  their  highspeed  steels,  mining  tool  steels, 
special  steel  for  coal-cutting  machines,  shear  steels,  water- 
hardening  steel,  non-tempering  steel,  nickel  and  automobile  st«els, 
sections  of  tool  and  spring  steel,  and  other  productions,  are  included, 
and  a  number  of  pages  give  weights,  equations,  gauges,  and  so  on, 
in  tabular  form. 

The  Century  Electric  Co.,  St.  Louis,  U.S.A.— 16-page  illus- 
trated pamphlet  respecting  "  Invincible  "  split  phase  motors. 

The  Brush  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.,  Loughborough. 
— 40-page  book  of  pictures  showing  their  various  types  of  electric 
cars  for  tramway  and  light  railway  service,  their  designs  for 
colonial  and  foreign  cities  predominating.  A  number  of  pages  are 
devoted  to  Peckham  truck  illustrations. 

Shopping:  Weeli. — At  the  Ashton-under-Lyne  shopping 
festival  last  week,  Messrs.  Eaton  &  Co.,  of  Old  Street,  were 
awarded  a  2nd  prize  for  their  f  how  of  electrical  goods. 

Belgium. — La  Societ.o  dcs  Ateliers  Electrochemiques  is 
the  name  of  a  new  concern  which  has  just  been  formed  in  Brussels 
with  a  capital  of  £3,000. 

Book  Xotioes. — "Journal  of  the  Western  Society  of 
Engineers. "  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  1.  January,  1913.  Chicago :  The 
Society.    Price  50  cents. 

^^  Proreetlitigx  of  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineere." 
Vol.  XXXII,  No.  3.  March,  1913.  New  York :  The  Institute. 
Price  11.00. 

''Journal  of  the  American  In.stitute  of  Architects."  Vol.  I, 
No.  3.     March,  1913.     Washington  :  The  Institute.     Price  .50  cents. 

"La  Fixation  des  Unites  par  Voie  LegislaUve."  By  R. 
de  Baillehache.     1913.     Paris:  A.Colin. 


Tale  of  a  liailip. — Uc   hnvi'   re«;ivwi  a  Htory  r<t?arilint' 
a  ICi-watt.  2r)0-voll  OHrnin   drawnwiri;  lamp  whirh  lnn>!v<-rt^riHy 
found  its  way  to  ati  ai-hblri,  frurn   which   it  wok  tnkin    ' 
way  to  the  refviKe  cart,  and  from  the  lattnr,  bIihj  in  ti.- 
to  the  rcfiiHO  heap  at  a  (|fHtruct<»r   worki-d    hy  an  '1"  ■  ' 
company,  in  t)i<'  neiifhtxiiirhood  of  t{|ack|>o<jl.     ISut  it  Kiirw.id,  once 
mori-  in  thu  usual    way,  bi-iiig  resriicd,  "lothi-d    in    iln  i:nrton     by  a 
workman,  in  a  nick  of  tiiiii;almoHt  like  a  "  brand  from  the  burning.  ' 
though  it  hadn't  really   reoched   the  fire.     Of  coiir*«.  after  all  that 
hoH  gone  Ix^fore,  it  is  surprining  thot  the  said   workman  wa»i  Hur- 
prised    to    liml    it   intact — everybody   ought  to  hovi'   known  what 
would  hapi)en  !     However,  the  end  of  the  utory  is  that  the  refH;ued 
lamp  is  burning  "  happily  for  ever  afterwardM,  '  nhall  we  Koy.   in 
the  house  of  tlie  charge  engineer. 

Trade    Announcements. — It  is   annoiincwl   that  the 

business  lately  carried  on  by  Meshrs.  T  E.  .S.miih  .'.  Co.,  Lti*,, 
Keighley,  is  being  continued  by  Mr.  .1.  H.  Smith,  under  the  atyle  of 
the  Smith  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  7,  Cavendish  Strr«t,  Keighley. 

The  Ei.kotricitv  Siii'I'lv  Co.  ior  Spain,  Ltd.,  have  removed 
to  Dunster  House,  Mincing  Lane  and  12,  Mark  Lane,  K.C. 

France. — The  Flndviinl  Xiim  publishes  news  from 
Brussels  to  the  effect  that  a  Franco-Belgian  syndicate,  composed  of 
the  Ateliers  de  Constructions  Electriqnea  du  Nord  et  de  I'Eit,  the 
Banque  de  Bruxelles  and  the  Banque  Empain,  intend  to  establish 
new  iron  smelting  works  near  Dunkirk. 

C.T.S.  Ituhher  Cloves.— .Mr.  R.  Xelson,  Pilectrical 
Inspector  of  Mines,  was  recently  reported  to  have  said  at  an  inquest 
that  he  did  not  like  to  see  insulating  gloves  in  use.  pr'-.sumably 
because  when  these  have  become  worn  or  damaged,  they  Vjecome 
more  dangerous  than  no  gloves  at  all.  To  meet  this  difficulty  the 
St.  Helens  Cable  and  Ri  iuier  Co,  Ltd..  of  Warrington, 
applied  a  thin  sheathing  of  leather  to  the  face  of  their  rnVjber 
gloves,  which  protected  the  rubber,  bat  was  not  wholly  satisfactory  : 
the  company,  therefore,  have  made  a  further  improvement,  by 
devising  a  method  of  covering  the  gloves  on  the  palm  and  fingers 
with  their  patent  cab-tire  sheathing,  already  well  known  in 
connection  with  their  C.T.S.  cables.  We  understand  that  this 
combination,  which  has  been  provisionally  protected,  appears  to 
fulfil  all  the  requirements  of  high  insulation,  long  wearing  power, 
Hexibility  and  convenience  in  use. 

Bankruptcy     Proceedings.  —  Chahi.es      Spexckr 

NoRTHCOTE,  electrical  engineer,  67,  Stanthorpe  Road,  Streatham. 
London. — The  adjourned  public  examination  of  the  above-named 
debtor  was  held  at  the  Court  House,  Wandsworth,  last  week.  The 
Official  Receiver  said  he  had  no  further  questions  to  ask.  and 
debtor,  having  read  the  shorthand  notes  of  his  previous  examina- 
tion, and  answered  the  formal  questions  of  the  Registrar,  was 
allowed  to  pass,  the  examination  being  concluded. 

Francis  Hastings  SIedhurst  (deceased),  engineer,  Victoria 
Street,  S.W. — First  and  final  dividend  of  i-^A.  in  the  £,  payable 
April  8th,  at  the  offices  of  Elles,  Salaman  &  Co..  1  and  2,  Bucklers- 
bury.  E.G. 

Liquidation. — Dolter  Ei.kctric  Traction,  Ltd. — A 

meeting  is  called  for  April  -'3rd  at  Austin  Friars  House,  Austin 
Friars,  E.C.,  to  hear  an  account  of  the  winding  up  from  the 
liquidator,  Mr.  W.  S.  Ogle. 

Meter  Approved. — The  Board  of  Trade  has  approved  of 
the  Ferranti  A.c.  meter  type  C  (single-phase  two  wire)  deposited  by 
Messrs.  Ferranti,  Ltd.,  in  November,  1911. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Algeria. — A  central  electric  hghtiiig  station  is  to  be 
established  in  the  little  town  of  Gnrgotville. 

Argentina. — The  Hydro-Electric  Co.,  of  Tucunian,  has 
made  an  offer  to  the  municipality  of  that  city  to  undertake  the  street 
illumination  at  a  figure  showing  a  reduction  of  12  per  cent,  on  the 
actual  amount  now  paid  to  the  Cia.  Electrica  del  Norte.  If  the 
proposal  of  the  Hydro-Electric  Co.  is  accepted  it  would  mean  a 
reduction  in  the  public  lighting  bill  of  ?1.200  a  month. 

The  province  of  Buenos  Aires  Electricity  Co.  is  arranging  to 
give  a  day  service  in  Azul.  This  company  is  erecting  a  station  at 
Ramos  Mejia,  the  building  is  now  nearly  finished,  and  the  machinery 
will  shortly  arrive.  It  is  also  extending  to  the  suburb  of  Caseroc, 
where  a  sub-station  is  to  be  erected,  current  being  taken  in  bulk 
from  the  Compania  Alemana  ;  the  land  for  this  station  has  already 
been  purchased  and  plans  prepared.  In  Villa  Ballester  a  new  sub- 
station is  being  built  which  will  be  supplied  from  the  San  Martin 
station. — /'<•">(('  o/  the  Jiirer  I'lute. 

Australia.  —  According:  to  the  Australian  Minin;/ 
Standard,  some  little  time  ago  Mr.  Forbes  Mackay.  the  Sydney 
city  electrical  engineer,  brought  forward  a  proposal  to  con- 
struct an  underground  storsige  battery,  which,  with  auxiliary 
plant,  cables.  A:c.,  was  estimated  t«  cost  ka'2.r,QQ.  This  battery  was 
to  provide  for  the  expected  load  of  1914.  Eleven  tenders  were 
received  for  the  work,  none  of  which  complied  with  the  general 
conditions  specified,  and  the  lowest  entailed  an  expenditure  of 
£63,000.  The  increased  cost  was  due  to  the  general  increase  in 
prices  since  the  proposal  was  first  considered,  and   the  engineer 

B 


512 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.72.  No.  i,8«,  march  28, 1913. 


recomtneaded.  and  the  Council  agreed,  to  drop  the  proposal  for 
the  present.  Additional  power  is  required,  however,  and  tenders 
are  to  be  invited  for  a  5,000-K\v.  turlio-penerator. 

Barnes, — The  electrical  engineer  lias  been  instructed  to 
report  whether  speiial  arrangements  could  be  made  with  shop- 
keepers who  use  arc  lamps  for  outside  shop  window  liprhting  ; 
and  also  upon  the  <juestion  of  reduciujj  the  charges  to  consumers 
and  for  public  li^htinp.  The  £1,000  standinp  to  the  credit  of  the 
undertnkinjr  is  to  be  put  aside  as  reserve. 

Bromley  (Kent).— The  Electricity  ("o.  has  submitted  to 
the  T.C.  terms  for  public  lifrhting,  viz.,  1,009  sinple  r.O-watt  lights 
!it  £:i  .".s.  i;d.  each  per  annum,  and  -Iti  240-watt  lamps  at  £<! 
each,  a  ten  years'  contract  being  asked  for  owing  to  the  cost  of 
converting  the  lamps. 

Bary. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Electricity  Committee,  the 
electrical  engineer  (Mr.  S.  .1.  Watson)  reported  that  he  had  been 
approached  by  representatives  of  the  Peel  Spinning  and  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  with  regard  to  a  supply  of  electricity,  which  the 
company  would  require  for  power  purposes  when  it  had  carried  out 
the  contemplated  extensions  to  its  mill.  The  Committee  confirmed 
the  terms  offered  by  the  engineer. 


Canada, — Tlie  Calgary  I'ower  Co.,  owing  to  the  rapid 
extension  of  the  city,  has  decided  to  develop  another  of  its  water 
powers  at  Kanamaskis  Falls,  2  miles  above  the  present  Horse  Shoe 
Kails  plant,  at  a  cost  estimated  to  be  §1,000,000. 

The  Western  Canada  Power  Co.,  of  British  Columbia,  will  shortly 
have  100,000  h.p.  developed  on  the  Stave  River.  The  second 
installation  of  the  company's  plant  is  near  completion,  and  a  large 
contract  for  a  minimum  of  12,000,  and  a  maximum  of  40,000  HP., 
has  been  entered  into  w  ith  the  British  Columbia  Electric  Railway 
Co.  from  this  second  installation. 

It  is  stated  that  fresh  proposals  are  being  made  for  utilising  the 
tidal  movement  in  the  Bay  of  Fnndy,  between  New  Brunswick  and 
Nova  Scotia,  in  the  generation  of  electricity  for  supply  in  Eastern 
Canada.  Our  correspondent  says  a  site  has  been  chosen  for  the 
project,  and  a  reservoir  is  to  be  constructed  between  an  island  and 
the  mainland,  where  from  5o  to  70  ft.  tides  are  found. 

The  Hon.  Adam  Beck,  of  hydro-electric  power  fame,  is  said  to 
be  investigating  the  possibilities  of  the  ii.T.  direct-current  system 
for  Canadian  transmission  work. 

CatOD. — The  ratepayers  have  decided  to  form  a  com- 
pany to  install  electric  light.  For  many  years  the  village,  which 
is  practically  a  suburb  of  Lancaster,  has  been  supplied  by  gas  from 
the  works  of  Story  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Queen's  Mill.  They  have  arranged 
to  substitute  electric  power  for  gas,  and  left  the  villagers  to  their 
own  resources.  Most  of  the  capital  required  has  already  been  sub- 
scribed, a  gratifying  feature  being  the  interest  taken  in  the  scheme 
by  the  inhabitants. 

Chester, — The  Electricity  Committee  has  decided  to 
recommend  the  T.C.  to  sanction  an  extension  of  the  electricity 
works  as  suggested  by  the  electrical  engineer,  at  a  cost  of  £11.5.50. 

Clacton-on-Sea,— The  U.D.C.  has  applied  to  the  L.G.B. 

for  a  loan  of  £<;,000  for  extensions  to  plant  and  buildings  at  the 
electricity  works. 

Doncaster, — The  Electricity  and  Tramwajs  Committee 
has  decided  to  recommend  an  extension  of  the  electricity  works,  at 
an  estimated  cost  of  £12,.500. 

Dover. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  had  under  con- 
sideration a  report  from  the  electrical  engineer  on  the  relative  costs 
of  automatic  and  hand  control  of  the  street  lamps.  He  estimates 
that  when  the  present  conversion  is  completed,  the  average  cost  for 
the  next  three  years  for  controlling  and  maintaining  the  lamps, 
exclusive  of  renewals,  will  amount  to  £290  per  annum,  also  that 
if  time  switches  were  fitted  to  all  the  posts  excepting  those 
on  the  route  of  the  lamps  controlled  from  the  works,  and  were  in- 
candescent lamps  substituted  for  the  arcs,  the  cost  would  only 
amount  to  £77  per  annum  :  and  if  £18  were  allowed  for  expendi- 
ture on  repairs  to  the  clocks,  there  would  be  a  clear  saving  of  £200 
per  annum.  The  cost  of  32.5  time  switches  (the  actual  number 
required  to  meet  present  requirements)  would  amount  to  £.".28,  and 
it  is  suggested  that  the  cost  should  be  spread  over  three  years  by 
means  of  a  suspense  account,  although  if  only  two  years  were 
allowed,  the  ultimate  caving  would  seem  to  justify  the  increased 
cost  of  £64  per  annum  for  the  next  two  years.  The  Committee 
has  approved  and  adopted  the  report,  and  has  decided  to  spread  pay- 
ment over  a  period  of  three  years  as  suggested. 

Duflielil  (near  Derby).— At  the  annual  meeting  of  the 

parishioners  a  resolution  was  passed  approving  of  the  proposals  of  the 
Corporation  of  Derby  to  extend  its  electric  lighting  and  power 
system  to  Duffield,  provided  that  the  mains  are  laid  underground 
where  so  required  by  the  Parish  Council. 

Dufftown  (BanfT,). — At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C. 
it  was  reported  that  Mr.  Barker,  Nairn,  had  been  engaged  to 
give  a  report  on  a  lighting  scheme  for  the  burgh  with  coal  gas, 
and  Mr.  M'Leod,  Clyde  Valley  Electric  Power  Co.,  Glasgow,  to  give 
a  report  on  an  electric  scheme,  the  fee  of  the  former  being 
8  guineas  inclusive,  and  that  of  the  latter  £20  and  expenses. 

Dnnjfarvan.— The  B.  of  T.  has  informed  the  Urban 
Council  that  if  it  wishes  to  obtain  powers  for  the  electric  lighting 
of  the  town,  it  will  have  to  consider  applying  for  a  provisional 
order,  as  the  Board  has  no  power  to  grant  licences  for  this  purpose. 


Ealing. — The  electrical  engineer  has  been  authorised  to 
purchase  50  electric  heating  irons,  which  will  be  let  out  on  hireto  con- 
sumers at  a  charge  of  Is.  per  quarter,  additional  to  the  charge  for 
current  consumed. 

Eton. — .\  statement  to  the  B.  of  (!.  regarding  the 
adoption  of  electricity  for  lighting  and  cooking,  instead  of  gas,  at 
the  workhouse,  showed  that  for  the  previous  year  gas  for  lighting 
and  cooking,  with  rent  of  stoves,  repairs  to  mantles,  burners,  &c.. 
and  20i  tons  of  coal,  cost  £228.  During  the  past  year  the  cost  of 
electricity,  rent  of  meters,  lamp  renewals,  part  cost  of  new  range 
and  of  installation,  and  101  tons  of  coal,  amounted  to  £78,  a  saving 
of  £150.  The  master  of  the  workhouse  testified  to  the  improved 
conditions  of  lighting,  atmosphere,  A:c ,  since  the  introduction  of 
electricity. 

Gras$i:o\v, — The  date  has  been  fixed  for  the  e.xhibition  of 
appliances  for  power,  heating,  cooking  and  lighting  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Glasgow  Corporation,  at  from  October  23rd  to 
November  15th.  It  is  expected  that  there  will  be  a  large  entry  by 
manufacturers  and  contractors. 


Gloucester. — The  Council  has  adopted  a  scheme  recom- 
mended by  the  electrical  engineer,  unpler  which  private  consumers 
will  have  the  option  of  taking  a  supply  of  electricity  at  the 
ordinary  rates,  or  for  an  annual  payment  equal  to  12J  per  cent, 
upon  the  rateable  value  of  their  premises,  and  Id.  per  unit  for  all 
electricity  consumed.  The  tender  of  Messrs.  Huscoe,  of  Hyde, 
amounting  to  £195,  was  accepted  for  supplying  and  fixing  mecha- 
nical stokers  for  two  of  the  boilers  at  the  electricity  works. 

Greenock. — At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  T.C.  on  the 
18th  inst..  Treasurer  Williamson  announced  that  the  agreement 
with  the  Port  Glasgow  power  users  was  now  completed.  Ship- 
builders and  engineers  had  felt  some  difficulty  with  the  30  years' 
undertaking,  but  the  speaker  gave  the  a.ssurance  that  no  better 
terms  could  be  given  at  a  later  stage  by  Greenock  Corporation  for 
power.  It  was  reported  that  for  the  last  four  weeks  the  supply  of 
electricity  showed  an  increase  of  116,9<)S  units  over  the  same  period 
of  1912 — an  increase  of  nearly  11  per  cent. 

The  B.  of  T.  has  sanctioned  the  borrowing  of  a  further  sum  of 
£30,000  by  the  Corporation  for  the  electricity  department,  to  cover 
expenditure  to  be  incurred  in  connection  with  the  extension  to 
Port  Glasgow. 

Grimsby. — In  connection  with  the  proposed  purchase  of 
turbine  plant  for  the  electricity  department,  it  has  been  decided  to 
revise  the  application  to  the  L.G.B.  from  £8,650  to  £9,300,  in 
order  to  carry  out  certain  additional  work. 

Ham  (Surrey). — At  a  meeting  of  the  U.D.C.  on  March 
20th,  the  clerk  reported  that  he  had  prepared  an  agreement  with 
the  Twickenham  and  Teddington  Electricity  Supply  Co.  for  supply- 
ing electricity  to  the  district,  but  owing  to  trouble  with  the  B.  of  T. 
nothing  definite  had  been  decided. 

Harro(2;ate. — The  C.C.  has  decided  to  have  the  electric 
light  installed  at  the  police  court  premises,  and  the  T.C.  has  decided 
to  contribute  £20  towards  the  cost. 

Hay  dock.— The  B.  of  T.  has  revoked  the  1905  electric 
light  order. 

Hayward's  Heath, — The  application  of  the  Mid-Sussex 
Electric  Light  aod  Power  Co.  for  a  prov.  order  for  electric  supply, 
formed  the  subject  of  a  B.  of  T.  inquiry  last  week.  It  was  stated  that 
the  company  intended  to  supply  Hayward's  Heath,  Lindfield  and 
the  urban  part  of  Cuckfield,  and  the  only  opposition  was  as  to  the 
site  of  the  generating  station,  which  had  been  acquired  from  the 
T^.D.C,  and  which  was  200  yds.  from  the  nearest  house. 

He}  sham. — An  application  was  made  to  the  Morecambe 
T.C.  last  week  to  apply  for  powers  to  supply  electricity  in 
the  Heysham  Urban  Council  district,  which  immediately  adjoins 
the  west  end  of  Morecambe.  The  leading  property  owners  and 
occupiers  signed  the  request,  which  was  heartily  received  by  the 
Morecambe  Corporation. 

Hindley. — The  U.D.C.  has  approved  a  draft  agreement 
with  the  Lanes.  Electric  Power  Co..  and  has  forwarded  it  to  the 
B.  of  T.  for  its  approval  before  completing  it. 

Hornsey. — The  income  of  the  electricity  undertaking 
for  the  year  ending  March,  1914,  is  put  at  £23,350,  as  against 
an  estimated  expenditure  of  £22,029.  In  the  discustion  which 
occurred  upon  this  estimate,  Councillor  Double  u'ged  that,  as  there 
was  a  balance  of  £5,000  on  the  undertaking,  and  a  sum  of 
£4,000  was  sufficient  for  working  capital,  a  reduction  in  the  price 
of  current  supplied  should  be  made  to  consumers.  Application  is 
to  be  made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow  £3,000  for  services. 

Hoylake    and    West    Hirby. — At  a  meeting  of  the 

U.D.C,  the  chairman  of  the  Finance  Committee  presented  the 
annual  financial  statement,  which  showed  that  the  electricity 
undertaking  hsid  done  very  well,  the  approximate  profit  for  the 
year  being  about  £450.  It  was  stated  that  the  Committee  had 
under  consideration  a  further  extension  of  the  machinery  in  order 
to  cope  with  any  further  development  the  district  might  make. 

India. — The  Madras  Corporation  has  proposed  to  raise 
a  loan  for  various  improvements,  including  electric  lighting.  The 
electric  lighting  will  occasion  expenditure  of  about  10  lakhs  of 
rupees,  but  of  this  sum  only  3  lakhs  have  been  budgeted  for  the 
financial  year  of  1913-14.  The  Corporation  is  to  be  congratulated 
on  having  determined  on  the  electric  lighting  of  the  city.  Private 


voi.7».   No.  i,.s4i,MARrH2s,  1913.]       TPIE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


01  a 


uitiisenn  of  nil  cIummiipi  hiivr  proviilecl  thcmMi-lvrn  with  lliin  furiii  nf 
illuoiinunt  ;  the  muNt  iiiiiiKiiif'icant  biir.aurn  arc  tiow  to  bv  kith  lit 
with  elootriuity,  and  it  in  about  time  that  tho  Modran  Htroctn  fol- 
lowed the  I'xanipit).  Whun  tho  oloutriu  li)(htiii);  in  an  acuompliHhcrl 
fact,  or  even  before  that  time,  the  levyini;  of  tho  inaxiniuin  liKhtini; 
tax  will  doubtluMH  become  a  necesBity  and  will  mil  he  i;rudKed. 

It  is  now  confidently  oxpcoted  that  the  Simla  liydrn-electric 
Bohemo — the  main  detailH  of  which  have  bpcn  (jiven  in  these  noted, 
will  be  ready  for  opcninp  early  in  May  next. 

Tata  S(!IIICMH.  -  Our  contemporary,  Inilinn  /nitn.^/rirmiv/l  /'miir, 
recently  reviewed  the  ponition  of  the  couHtructional  work  on  the  Tata 
hydro-electric  scheme.  The'initial  scheme  provided  for  some  :!0,()00 
II. 1'.,  but  the  completion  of  tho  three  reservoirs,  Lonavla,  Walhwan, 
and  Sherwata  will  enable  some  r>0,0«iO  li.P.  to  be  supplied.  The  Sher- 
wata  dam  is  an  extension  of  the  orit;inal  scheme  and  has  junt  been 
commenced.  Work  is  beinp  actively  carried  on  in  connection  with 
the  dams,  power  house,  pipe  line  and  transmissions  ;  it  is  exf)ccted 
that  the  hydro-electric  plant  will  be  in  operation  in  a  year's  time, 
as  the  superstructure  and  machinery  foundations  of  both  power 
house  and  receivinfr  station  are  under  construction. 

At  the  Homliay  end,  preparations  are  beinp  made  by  the  mills  to 
utilise  the  power,  and  nearly  all  the  motors  and  transformers 
required  are  said  to  be  on  order,  while  half  the  underground  supply 
cables  on  the  island  of  Bombay  have  been  laid.  Contracts  have 
been  entered  into  to  supply  M  cotton  mills  and  three  Hour  mills, 
the  smallest  installation  beinfr  of  260  ti.  i>. 

Inverness. — The  North  of    Scotland  E.L.  and    P.  Vo. 

has  secured  its  first  municipal  lightinpr  contract  ;  the  Market  Hall 
is  to  be  electrically  lijjhted,  the  cost  being  given  as  Td.  per  hour  as 
against  !>d.  psr  hour  charged  for  gas  at  present. 

Keiphley. — Tlie  T.C.  last  week  considered  the  pro- 
posed arrangement  for  supplying  the  Ringley  Urban  Council 
with  electricity  in  bulk  for  a  term  of  10  years  certain,  and  the 
arrangement  to  continue  thereafter  from  year  to  year  until  deter- 
mined by  either  party  giving  12  months'  written  notice  to  the 
other.  The  terms  in  brief  provide  for  a  fixed  annual  payment  to 
the  Corporation  of  £100  to  £600,  according  to  the  amount  of 
energy  supplied,  and  for  a  charge  of  ild.  per  B.  of  T.  unit.  After  a 
long  discussion,  the  arrangement  was  confirmed.  'Mr.  H.  Webber, 
borough  electrical  engineer,  was  appointed  permanently  as  tramways 
manager. 

London. — BKR'stoNnSEV. — Application  is  to  be  made  to 
the  L.C.C.  for  sanction  to,  and  the  advance  of,  loans  of  £500  for 
meters  and  &  1 ,000  for  services. 

Hasimkbsmith. — In  a  report  to  the  B.C.,  the  Finance  Committee 
chairman  states  that  the  net  surplus  in  the  accounts  of  the  elec- 
tricity undertaking  for  the  current  year  is  estimated  at  £7, .578, 
and  he  is  of  opinion  that  a  sum  of  £3,340,  part  thereof,  being  equiva- 
lent to  the  produce  of  a  penny  rate,  should  be  allocated  to  the  relief 
of  the  general  rate  for  the  ensuing  year. 

Messrs.  Walter  Scott  A:  Middleton  have  applied  for  a  supply  of 
electricity  for  driving  their  machinery  in  connection  with  the 
widening  of  the  L.  &  N.W.  Railway  at  Willesden  Junction  : 
also  for  the  use  of  a  1.50-h.p.  motor,  and  offering  to  pay  a  minimum 
of  £'2.70  per  annum  for  current  used,  £65  per  annum  for  the  hire 
of  the  motor  and  £50  towards  the  Council's  cost  of  laying  on  the 
supply.  The  Council  has  agreed  to  the  above  offer,  and  a  supply  is 
to  be  given  at  the  flat  rate  of  Id.  per  unit. 

Fdlham. — An  expenditure  of  £1,100  has  been  authorised  for 
converting  the  remaining  121  rectified  arc  lamps  in  the  borough  to 
metallic-filament  cluster  lighting.  This  alteration,  it  is  stated, 
may  be  expected  to  result  in  a  further  reduction  in  the  number  of 
units  consumed  and  chargeable  to  public  lighting  of  t)8,483  per 
annum,  which  is  equivalent  to  an  annual  savinfj'  of  £345.  An 
additional  expenditure  of  £210  has  also  been  authorised  for  con- 
verting 100  gas  lamps,  which  are  on  the  lines  of  mains  already  laid 
in  the  side  streets  of  the  borough,  to  incandescent  electric  lamps. 

St.  Pancras.— An  agreement  is  to  be  entered  into  with  the 
London  Housing  Society  for  a  supply  of  current  to  its  residences 
in  Judd  Street  for  lighting,  heating  and  cooking  purposes,  upon 
payment  by  it  direct,  of  an  annual  charge  in  advance,  of  £11  per 
KW.  and  id.  per  unit  for  all  current  supplied  by  meter.  This 
is  upon  the  condition  that  no  gas  is  used  by  the  society  in  any  of 
the  buildings.  In  assessing  the  kw.  upon  which  payment  would 
be  made,  the  engineer  estimated  that  70  per  cent,  of  the  lamps 
in  lighting  at  one  and  the  same  time  could  be  considered  as 
the  maximum.  The  Electricity  Committee  reports  having 
had  under  consideration  the  question  of  an  undercharge 
which  occurred  in  the  accounts  rendered  for  electric 
current  supplied  to  the  Railway  Clearing  House.  In  the 
year  1907,  the  Committee  states,  the  voltage  of  the  supply 
was  changed  from  110  volts  to  220  volts,  and  at  the  Railway 
Clearing  House  three  of  the  four  110-volt  meters  were  replaced  by 
220-volt  meters.  In  regard  to  the  fourth  meter,  which  was  allowed 
to  remain  at  1 10  volts,  inasmuch  as  it  was  one  of  special  size  and 
cost,  the  meter  reading  book  was  marked  to  be  subject  to  a  multi- 
plying constant  of  two  in  making  out  the  account.  The  reading 
of  this  meter  for  the  quarter  following  was  duly  multiplied, 
and  the  account  properly  rendered,  but  the  constant  was  subse- 
quently omitted  from  the  book,  and,  as  a  result,  the  current  at 
220  volts  passing  through  this  110-volt  meter  was  since  then  only 
charged  at  half  its  value.  The  total  undercharge  until  the  error 
was  discovered  amounted  to  £747.  This  sum,  after  negotiation,  was 
settled  in  full.  Arrangements  were  then  made,  the  Committee  con- 
tinued, for  a  thorough  and  complete  investigation  of  the  meters  in 
use,  and  it  had  been  ascertained  that  the  only  other  case  of  an  error 
having  occurred  was  in  respect  of  a  220-volt  meter  which  was  con- 


nrctiil  (()  a  I  111. volt  Biipply.      'Dun  a  i  U-r- 

churgit  of   £41,  which    hud   aUo    Uiu    ;  ruA 

auditor,  in  hin  rcmarkH  u|M)n  thi-C'- .rf  r         ^  ,      .on, 

"there  in  no  reonon  whaUtvor  fur  iiu|i|KmiiiK  Dial  Die  coimuuief  «•• 
aware  of  the  miiitakc  Thn  nubittitntion  'if  mrtallir-fllarnent  lamp* 
and  the  ronvfriion  tn  L'2l)volt  current  miKht  MMiily  have  ba»n 
D-gardcd  ox  nulli<-i<-nt  i-xpiiinutiun  of  th)'  variation  in  oharKti. 
'Ihi-rr  are  at  prcwnl  a  iiiimlwr  of  aZO-voll  in«^r«  in  ii«f  for 
measuring  4  lO-volt  currt-Mt.  In  rr-guni  In  thrm  an  irfUcienl  Kjratciii 
hoH  txM^n  iuHtitutiui  to  obviate  uny  rink  of  overlotjking  the  coniitant, 
multiplior-cardfl  of  diHtinctive  colour  being  uiic<l.  ' 

liUton. — It  Ih  Htated  that  in  till  probability  the  pr>fit«  of 
the  electricity  department  will  )>c  abHort>ed  by  the  proposed 
expenditure  on  house  wrvicci",  purchase  of  met*rH,  \c.  The 
question  of  installing  new  plant  during  the  yrar  at  an  approxi- 
mate cost  of  £20  (jiiO,  is  under  c<inMidertttion.  In  connwition  with 
the  lease  of  the  Corporation  tramways,  which  expired  on  Kebmary 
2lHt  last,  Messrs.  Balfour,  Keattie  .\;  Co.,  Ltd.,  the  Iciw'-es,  have  now 
aiiked  for  a  considerable  reduction  in  the  price  of  energy.  The 
company  suggested  that  the  price  should  l)e.  for  the  firrt  200,0<K) 
units  per  annum,  lid.  per  unit  ;  for  any  quantity  exceeding  200.000 
units  per  annum.  Id.  per  unit.  If  this  alternative  was  ac';epted,  the 
company  stated  that  it  would  be  prepared  to  give  the  Council  ao 
option  to  determine  the  lease  at  any  time  upon  12  months'  notice. 
Being  of  the  opinion  that  it  would  be  an  advantage  to  have  the 
power  of  determining  the  lease  during  the  next  10  years,  the  Com- 
mittee decided  to  agree  to  the  proposal,  subject  to  a  fuel  clause. 

Xow  Zealand. — Until  recently  the  water  of  the  Waiyori 
River,  which  supplied  the  hydro-electric  plant  at  Dunedin.  was 
conveyed  in  an  ordinary  open  flume.  The  risk  and  expense  attached 
to  its  use  led  the  Corporation  to  tunnel  through  a  hill,  some  4.440  ft., 
and  in  January  last  the  water  was  diverted  to  the  new  course  The 
immediate  result  was  to  give  the  city  an  adiitional  1,000  h.p.. 
makmg  4,0o0  :  two  more  generators  are  being  installed,  which 
will  bring  this  up  to  6.000  h.p.,  and  it  will  be  possible  to  develop 
an  additional  4,000  u  p.  in  the  future.  The  tunnel  has  an  advan- 
tage over  the  open  tiume  in  that  it  can  be  used  as  a  pipe  line,  supply- 
ing direct  to  the  Pelton  wheels  and  avoiding  waste  of  excess  water 
as  heretofore.  The  tunnel,  a  new  weir,  and  conduit  have  cost 
£39,7.-.2. 

Oldham. — The  B.  of  0.  has  decided  to  have  electric 
lighting  and  telephones  installed  at  the  Workhouse. 

Some  time  ago  the  Electricity  Committee  decided  to  ini'tall 
plant  for  supplying  h.t.  energy,  and  at  a  recent  meetinc  of  the 
Committee  it  was  reported  that^  there  was  not  space  available 
at  the  Greenhill  station  for  the  erection  of  the  necessary  switch- 
board, the  engineer  suggesting  an  extension  on  the  eastern  side 
fronting  Churchill  Street.    This  was  agreed  to  by  the  Committee. 

Peterborough. — The  T.C.  has  discussed  the  extensions 
of  the  electricity  works,  for  which  a  loan  has  been  agreed  upon. 
The  city  electrical  engineer  is  to  prepare  a  specification  for  a 
500-KW.  turbo-generator  and  two  Lancashire  boilers.  The  engineer 
was  also  instructed  to  make  inquiries  as  to  the  value  of  various 
mechanical  stokers  and  to  report. 

RhosllanerchrngOg. — The  local  Traders'  Association 
has  taken  up  the  question  of  a  supply  of  electricity  for  the  district. 
A  supply  could  be  obtained  from  Wrexham  by  means  of  the  tram- 
way wires,  this  being  considered  the  cheaper  method,  but  the  Asso- 
ciation has  decided  to  make  further  inquiries  as  to  the  po^ibUity  of 
current  being  generated  in  the  town. 

Southampton. — A  letter  has  been  received  from  Itchen 
U.D.C.  with  reference  to  ^e  Council's  schemes  for  supplying 
current,  to  the  effect  that  the  District  Council  favoured  the  proposal 
for  a  bulk  supply  on  a  six-years'  contract.  It  is  estimated  that 
there  will  be  a  gross  profit  on  the  electricity  undertaking  for  the 
year  ending  March,  1914,  of  £21,057,  which,  after  deducting  interest 
on  redemption  charges  and  special  expenditure,  will  leave  £1.879 
available  for  appropriation. 

Stirling. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Lighting  Committee  it 
was  reported  that  the  capital  account  of  the  electric  light  under- 
taking was  overdrawn  to  the  extent  of  £115.  It  was  recommended 
that  £1,000,  the  balance  of  a  sum  authorised,  be  borrowed,  and 
the  T.C.  has  agreed  to  this.  Recently  the  Committee  met  at  the 
works  and  inspected  the  plant. 

Swansea. — The  question  of  increasing  the  contribution 
of  the  electricity  department  to  the  rates,  was  recently  discussed 
by  the  E  L.  Committee,  and  it  was  agreed  to  give  one-third  of  the  net 
profit  for  this  purpose.  It  was  pointed  out  that  increased  financial 
charges  would  have  to  be  met  shortly  ;  that  the  reserve  fund  had 
not  reached  the  10  per  cent,  limit :  that  it  would  probably  be 
necessary  to  pay  for  meters  and  street  lighting  out  of  revenue,  to 
which  the  borough  treasurer  demurred  :  also  that  the  price  of  gas 
was  being  reduced,  all  excellent  reasons  for  retaining  any  available 
surplus  in  the  undertaking, 

Theale   (Somerset). — There  is  every   prospect  of  this 

village  being  supplied  with  electricity  from  Wedmore,  where  a 
scheme  has  been  carried  out.  Prominent  residents  have  taken  up 
the  matter,  and  the  proposal  has  been  favourably  received. 

Troon  (.4yrshire). — The  T.C.  has  under  consideration 
the  question  of  an  electric  lighting  scheme  for  the  borotrgh. 


514 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi.  72.  no.  1,8^1,  mabch  2^  1913. 


Truro. — At  the  recent  in(|airy  into  the  schemes  promoted 
by  the  Corporation  and  the  Truro  Gas  Co.  for  the  electric  lightini; 
of  Truro,  counsel  for  the  Corporation  eaid  the  company  was 
asking;  the  B.  of  T.  to  ig-nore  the  Corporation — an  unprecedented 
step.  The  Mayor  of  Truro  pave  evidence,  and  said  the  citizens 
were  also  atrainst  power  beinp  (riven  to  the  gas  company.  Dr. 
Purves,  of  Exeter,  said  Truro  was  an  exceedingly  good  field  for 
the  establishment  of  an  electricity  work?.  The  capital  expenditure 
he  placed  at  £8,000.  This,  at  4  per  cent.,  together  with  sinking 
fund,  could  be  paid  off  at  the  rate  of  £.'i2(i  annually  for  25  years. 
To  show  the  extent  to  which  it  was  expected  electric  light  would 
be  taken  up.  Dr.  Purves  stated  that  l.iunceaton,  with  a  population  of 
4,.")00,  had  3,7uO  lamps  connected  at  the  end  of  the  first  year,  and 
Paignton,  with  a  population  of  10,000,  had  r.,000  lamps.  Councillor 
Lodge  stated  that  all  the  population  of  Truro  wanted  electric  light, 
and  '.!.")  per  cent,  would  prefer  it  in  the  hands  of  the  Corporation. 

Tynemoutb.— At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C,  on  the  19th  inst., 
Alderman  Irvin  announced  the  Electricity  Committee's  intention  to 
reduce  the  tariff  for  lighting.  He  said  that  the  works  had  lione 
so  well  during  the  last  two  or  three  years  that  thny  had 
practically  wiped  out  their  deficit.  Mr.  Gregg  added  that  the 
feeling  of  the  Committee  was  that  even  a  further  reduction  in 
the  price  of  energy  for  illumination  purposes  might  be  made 
next  year. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Bin^ler. — Tlie  U.D.C.  has  been  recommended  to  make 
an  offer  to  the  Bradford  Corporation  to  obtain  a  provisional  order 
for  a  tramway  from  Ling  Bob,  Wilsden.  to  the  Bradford  city 
boundary,  and  to  lease  the  tramway  to  the  Corporation  upon 
certain  conditions  ;  and  also  to  accept  the  terms  suggested  by  the 
Shipley  Council  as  the  consideration  for  its  consent  to  the  junction 
of  the  proposed  Bingley  tramway  with  the  Shipley  tramway  at 
Nab  Wood. 

Birmini^haiu,— The  City  Tramways  Committee  has 
decided  to  improve  the  service  by  the  introduction  of  more  vehicles. 
At  present  .oU  cars  are  in  use.  but  to  meet  the  requirements  of  traffic 
by  extension  of  lines  and  also  during  the  busy  hours  of  the  early 
morning  and  evening,  it  has  become  necessary  to  provide  additional 
rolling  stock.  As  a  first  instalment  40  more  cars  are  to  be  pur- 
chased, some  of  which  will  be  used  on  the  Hagley  Road  route  when 
the  line  is  opened.  The  others  will  be  utilised  to  increase  the 
existing  services  in  the  city.  Land  has  been  purchased  for  the 
widening  of  Warwick  Road  and  Stratford  Road,  and  the  work  of 
laying  the  track,  Ka.,  will  be  carried  out  in  the  course  of  the 
summer.  This  work  comprises  the  extension  of  the  Stratford  Road 
tramways  from  College  Road  to  Hall  Green,  and  also  the  comple- 
tion of  the  line  along  Warwick  Road. 

Blackpool. — A  petition  signed  by  2,000  ratepayers  has 
been  presented  to  the  Tramways  Committee  calling  for  penny  fares 
on  the  Promenade  during  the  summer.  The  Committee  has  deferred 
consideration  of  the  matter  until  it  goes  into  the  estimates  for  the 
eosning  year. 

BoltOD, — Despite  the  unfavourable  weather  which  pre- 
vailed during  the  greater  part  of  the  day,  the  Corporation  tramcars 
were  extensively  patronised  on  Good  Friday,  the  receipts  being 
about  £100  in  excess  of  the  previous  year's. 

Bradford. — The  Lord  Mayor,  on  .Monday,  opened  the 
extension  of  the  tramway  between  Wyke  and  Bailiff  Bridge,  which 
provides  a  through  connection  between  Bradford  and  Brighouse, 
thus  making  the  second  two-town  connection  in  which  Bradford 
is  concerned.  The  new  line  opens  up  possibilities  of  an  eventual 
through  connection  between  Bradford  and  Huddersfield.  The 
length  of  the  new  line  is  1  mile  838  yd. ;  it  is  partly  within  the 
Bradford  city  boundary,  partly  in  the  Rural  District  of  Hipper- 
holme,  and  jmrtly  in  the  Halifax  Rural  District,  and  has  been  con- 
structed on  the  Dawson  4:  P'oster  patent  reinforced  system,  at  a 
<08t  of  £22,000,  which  includes  the  special  treatment  of  the  road. 
It  brings  the  total  length  of  track  now  operated  by  the  Corpora- 
tion to  103  miles  1,096  yd.,  the  capital  expenditure  being  approxi- 
mately £99.5.000.  The  Lord  Mayor,  accompanied  by  members  of 
the  City  Council,  oflScials  and  public  men,  travelled  to  tlie  site  in  a 
gaily  decorated  car.  The  Mayor  of  Brighouse  and  other  officials 
of  that  town  were  also  present,  and  attended  the  subsp<]uent 
Inncheon  at  the  Bradford  Town  Hall. 

Bnry, — The  Tramways  Committee  at  a  recent  meeting 
decided  to  continue  the  experiment  of  running  tramcars  to  and  fro 
on  the  Heywood  Street  route  for  a  further  period  of  one  month. 

Doncaster. — The  extension  of  tramway  at  Hentley, 
which  ha!5  been  carried  out  at  a  cost  of  £3,750  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Pearce, 
of  Morecambe.  was  formally  opened  for  traffic  last  week,  after  an 
.riaix>f;tion  by  the  B.  of  T.  Inspector. 


Edinburgh. — At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C.  the  Tramway 
Committee,  on  a  proposal  to  take  over  the  undertaking  of  the 
Colinton  Tramway  Co.,  asked  power  to  negotiate  with  the  com- 
pany, the  Edinburgh  and  District  Tramway  Co.,  the  War  Depart- 
ment and  other  parties  interested.  The  convener  of  the 
Committee  advisrd  that  the  Council  should  wait  till  next  meeting, 
when  it  would  have  before  it  the  printed  report  from  the  town 
clerk  on  the  whole  matter.     This  was  agreed  to. 

Ciilasirow. — .\s  reported  in  the  Hkvikw  recently,  ("ilasgow 
Corporation  gave  limited  powers  to  two  committees  to  make  general 
inquiries  in  connection  with  a  proposal  to  erect  a  new  bridge  over 
the  River  Clyde  in  Glasgow,  to  relieve  the  congestion  caused  largely 
by  the  conveyance  of  tramway  traffic  in  the  centre  of  the  city,  and 
also  to  constructadividingbridgelowerdown  the  river.  A  deputation 
has  now  been  appointed  to  visit  cities  in  which  bridges  suitable  to 
(ilasgow's  requirements  may  be  seen. 

Hull. — The  tramway  employes  are  agitating  for  the  re- 
instatement of  a  driver  recently  dismissed  on  account  of  a  collision, 
and  a  general  strike  is  threatened. 

liCeds. — The  people  of  the  i''arnley  district,  which  is 
served  by  the  railless  traction  system,  are  up  in  arms  against  the 
service,  which  they  say  is  inefficient.  They  have  ceased  to  grumble 
about  the  cars  tearing  up  the  roads,  racking  the  passengers'  nerves 
and  splashing  mnd  on  people  and  buildings,  have  had  a  public 
meeting,  which  was  addre.3sed  by  the  members,  for  the  district  on 
the  City  Council,  and  have  obtained  8G5  signatures  to  a  petition 
asking  for  a  better  service.  The  proposals,  which  were  put  before 
the  Tramways  Committee  by  a  deputation  last  week,  include  an 
increase  in  the  number  of  cars,  facilities  for  interchange  of  work- 
men's tickets  both  ways  in  case  of  breakdowns  of  the  cars  (which, 
it  is  alleged,  are  frequent),  overlapping  stages,  a  system  of  quenee, 
and  the  provision  of  a  waiting  room  at  Moor  Top. 

Leicester. — The  Corporation  has  initiated  a  service  of 
pay-as-you-enter  cars. 

Liverpool. — A  problem  which  is  being  considered  by  the 
Corporation  Tramways  Committee  is  to  quicken  the  service  of  cars 
in  the  more  congested  parts  of  the  city.  At  the  present  the  Pier- 
head is  the  terminus  for  the  majority  of  the  cars,  but  the  greater 
number  of  the  passengers  carried  do  not  complete  the  journey  to 
the  landing  stage,  the  cars  both  to  and  from  the  Pierhead  and  the 
business  part  of  the  city  being  comparatively  empty,  while  con- 
siderable congestion  exists  in  the  city  itself.  A  proposal  has  been 
brought  forward  to  abolish  in  many  cases  the  journey  to  the  Pier- 
head, and  return  the  cars  more  quickly  through  the  town,  which 
would  have  the  effect  of  saving  the  present  waste,  and,  at  the  same 
time,  relieve  the  congestion  by  allowing  a  quicker  service  of  cars 
on  the  various  routes.  Various  proposals  have  also  been  suggested, 
with  a  view  to  avoiding  duplication  on  the  suburban  routes,  and  it 
is  also  urged  that  the  number  of  first-class  cars  is  excessive,  having 
regard  to  their  returns. 

London. — Last  week  trial  runs  were  made  over  the 
recently  electrified  East  London  Railway,  and  the  complete  service 
is  expected  to  be  running  on  Monday  next. 

New  Zealand. — The  B.C.  of  New  Plymouth  has  decided 
to  take  a  poll  of  the  ratepayers  on  a  proposil  to  borrow  £55,000  for 
the  purpose  of  constructing  electric  tramways  on  ths  overhead 
system. 

South  Africa. — The  Bloemfontein  Corporation  has  now 
decided  to  proceed  immediately  with  a  railless  traction  system  for 
the  city  at  an  approximate  cost  of  £SO,000. 

Wallasey. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  recommended 
the  Council  to  rescind  the  extension  of  the  penny  stages  made 
12  months  ago,  and  to  revert  to  the  shorter  stages. 

Wath  (Yorks.). — A  ratepayers'  meeting  was  held  last 
week,  which  had  been  called  by  the  chairman  of  the  local  Council 
with  a  view  to  obtaining  the  support  of  the  ratepayers  in  the 
Council's  oppoution  to  the Mexborough  and  Swinton  Tramways  Co.'s 
Parliamentary  Rill.  The  chairman  explaine  1  that  the  opposition 
had  arisen  because  the  Mexborough  and  S%vinton  scheme  did  not 
embrace  a  v.'ide  enough  area  ;  the  Wath  Council  desired  the  opinion 
of  the  ratepayers  as  to  whether  it  would  not  be  more  to  its  advan- 
tage to  attempt  to  run  its  own  scheme  of  railless  cars,  instead  of 
allowing  the  Mexborough  and  Swinton  Co.  to  have  a  monopoly  for 
31  years,  as  was  proposed  in  the  Bill.  The  meeting  decided  to 
agree  with  the  Council's  opposition,  and  asked  the  Council  to  com- 
bine with  neighbouring  Councils  for  the  establishment  of  a  system 
of  tramways  under  public  control. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Australia. — The  application  of  the  Marconi  Co.  for  per- 
mission to  in.Hpect  the  wireless  stations  of  the  Commonwealth 
Government,  in  connection  with  the  action  for  infringement  of 
patents  which  is  being  brought  against  the  (lovemment  by  the 
company,  was  granted   by  the  I'ederal  High  Court  last  week. 


Vol.72.   No.  i.Hii.  MAII0H2K,  i!>i;i.i      TflPJ    RLKCTRICATi    UF.VIKW. 


516 


A  full  aiitoiiiatiu  Hcrviuo  iH  to  l)o  oHtubliHhod  at  I'orth,  W.A.,  and 
in  Molbourno.  I'lio  Kaiiio  oouthu  will  bo  followtnl  iiiothiir  importiiiit 
oentrcH  when  tho  prtiscnt  HwitchboiinlH  liavo  to  be  ropluui'il. 

There  nro  now  i'ii;ht  wireluHD  Htiilioim  iit  work  in  AiiHtrullii,  of 
which  nix  have  been  oonHtruotttl  by  the  (iovcriinuail  Htiitf  uiulvr 
Mr.  IlalHillie.  Ten  more  whouUl  lie  coiupleled  by  .hiue  llOth  next. — 
Anx/niliiin  Mhiiiui  St  iiiiliiril . 

Imperial    Wireless    System. — 'I'wo   mtioim   ii>;tiii)st 

Li'  Mdliii  by  Mr.  U.  Samuel,  the  I'uBtniaHtor-iicncral,  and  Sir  UufuM 
iHaacB,  till)  Attorney  (Idieral,  were  before  the  Court  of  King's 
Itench,  presided  over  by  Mr.  .luHtice  Darlinjr.  on  the  I'.ith  innt.  The 
actions  arose  out  of  an  article  published  in  the  ^lalui  on  February 
Hth,  in  which  alletr'itions  were  made  as  to  the  conduct  of  tho 
plaintiffs  in  rclutiuii  to  the  Marconi  contract.  The  Mnlin  havinif 
published  a  full  iniulofry,  the  two  plaintiffs  only  dei<ired  tho  oppor- 
tunity of  makiut;  a  public  statement  in  the  witness  box  as  to  their 
position. 

Sir  Edward  Careon,  K.C.,  M.P.,  who  appeared  for  tho  plaintiffs, 
said  that  the  statement  complained  of  was  this: — 'Mr.  Leo 
Maxse.  the  eminent  editor  of  the  '  .National  Ileviow,'  protested 
vehemently  apainst  the  way  in  which  this  a^jreement  had  been  con- 
cluded. He  imputed  that  Mr.  Herbert  Samuel,  the  I'ostmaster- 
General,  whoae  idea  it  was  to  enter  into  the  nesfoliations  with  the 
company,  had  entered  into  an  arranjjement  with  Sir  Rufus  Icaaos, 
the  .\ttorney-General,  and  brother  of  Mr.  (iodfrey  Isaacs."  It  was 
an  absolute  falsehood,  said  Sir  Edward,  to  say  it  was  Mr.  Herbert 
Samuel's  idea  to  enter  into  neg^otiations  with  tho  Marconi  Co.  The 
Attorney-(>eneral  had  never  had  anyth'injj  to  ilo  with  it.  It  had 
been  allegfcd  that  they  had  bought  Marconi  shares  at  an  averaRe 
price  of  about  50  fr.,  at  which  the  shares  were  quoted  before  the 
openiuf;  of  the  neaotiations  with  the  (iovernmcnt,  and  had  resold 
them  at  a  profit  rieinfj  to  as  much  as  200  fr.  a  share,  according  as 
the  nefrotiations  enabled  it  to  be  foreseen  that  the  contract  would 
be  concluded.  Neiiher  of  them  ever  bought  shares  in  the  company 
either  in  their  own  name  or  any  other  name,  nor  did  anyone 
buy  shares  for  them,  nor  were  they  ever  interested  in  any 
option  or  syndicate,  or  in  any  transaction  whatever  in  relation 
to  the  shares  of  the  company.  There  were  other  Marconi  companies. 
The  American  company  was  an  independent  company,  which  could 
have  no  interest  in  the  contract  at  all.  That  company  erected 
stations  in  America,  and  had  no  interest  in  the  English  company, 
although  the  English  company  had  shares  in  it.  The  American  com- 
pany, subsequently  to  the  tender,  proceeded  to  raise  capital,  having 
bought  out  certain  interests  in  America  and  made  other  arrange- 
ments which  rendered  an  extension  of  capital  necessary.  Even  the 
suggestion  of  the  issue  of  shares  did  not  come  until  some  weeks 
after  the  tender  of  the  English  company  had  been  accepted,  but  the 
Attorney -General,  having  heard  of  the  American  company  and  these 
shares,  bought  10,000  shares  at  the  market  price  premium.  At  the 
time  the  Attorney-General  bought  the  shares,  the  British  company's 
shares  were  at  the  very  highest  figure  they  had  reached,  so  that  any 
suggestion  that  the  purchase  of  the  American  shares  had 
anything  to  do  with  the  price  of  these  shares  was  entirely 
out  of  the  question.  He  sold  some  of  them,  and  amongst  others 
he  sold  1,001 »  to  Mr.  Lloyd  George  and  another  1,000  to  the  Master 
of  Elibank.  believing  them  to  be  a  good  investment.  The  Attomey- 
Generdl  had  6,100  shares,  and  at  the  present  price  was  a  loser  upon 
the  transaction  by  about  £1,000  to  £l,.5Co. 

Mr.  Herbert  Samuel,  the  Postmaster-General,  then  went  into  the 
witness  box,  and,  in  answer  to  Mr.  F.  E.  Smith,  K.C.,  he  corroborated 
the  statement  of  counsel  ;  he  said  the  course  pursued  was  absolutely 
in  accordance  with  all  previous  precedents  relating  to  Post  OfiBce 
contracts. 

Sir  Rufus  Isaacs  also  entered  the  witness  box  and  stated  that  he 
never  had  anything  to  do  with  the  negotiations  for  the  contract  and 
never  knew  of  the  negotiations  until  just  a  few  days  before  the 
announcement  was  msde  on  March  8th,  1912.  He  never  bought  a 
share  in  the  Marconi  Co.,  either  before  or  after,  or  at  any  time.  He 
had  never  held  a  share,  or  had  any  interest  in  a  share,  nor  had  he 
ever  had  an  interest  in  an  option  or  syndicate,  either  in  his  own 
name  or  anybody  else's  name.  He  never  heard  of  the  shares,  or  of 
the  constitution  of  the  company  in  America,  until  his  brother 
returned  about  April  Sth  or  9th  of  last  year.  He  then  heard  that 
the  American  company  were  issuing  shares  to  raise  new  capital  to 
carry  out  special  arrangements  that  had  been  made  for  the  purchase 
of  the  assets  of  a  competing  company — the  United  Wireless  Co. — 
which  had  gone  into  liquidation  in  America,  and  also  some 
important  contracts  which  had  been  made  with  the  Western  Union 
Cable  Co.  He  bought  10,000  of  the  shares  at  the  market  price,  but 
previously  he  satisfied  himself  that  they  had  no  interest  with  the 
British  Government.  His  purchase  in  the  American  company  had 
nothing  to  do  with  raising  the  price  of  the  shares.  He  sold  1,000 
of  his  shares  to  Mr.  Lloyd  George  and  1,000  to  the  Master  of 
Elibank,  who  were  great  personal  friends  of  his.  He  would  not 
have  gone  into  it  unless  he  had  been  satisfied  that  it  had  nothing  to 
do  with  the  Marconi  Co.  He  sold  S,.570  shares,  and  that  sale 
averaged  a  profit  which  eventually  brought  the  whole  transaction 
to  his  having  6,4,S0  left  out  of  the  10,000.  The  net  result  of  the 
transaction  was  that  he  had  made  a  loss  of  about  £1,100  or  £1,200 
if  he  sold  the  shares  at  the  present  prices. 

Mr.  Campbell,  K.C.,  appearing  for  the  Matin,  described  the  circum- 
stances under  which  the  article  complained  of  was  written,  and 
said  that  the  moment  the  attention  of  his  clients  was  called  to  it, 
they  met  it  with  an  immediate  apology  and  explanation. 

Judgment  was  accordingly  entered  for  the  plaintiflfs  with  an 
indemnity  for  their  costs. 

The  Select  Committee  on  the  Marconi  contract,  met  on  Thursday 
last  week,  and  selected  Sir  Albert  Spicer  as  chairman.  The  Com- 
mittee met  again  on  Monday,  in  private,  and  on  Tuesday  Sir  Rufns 


iHttni'H,  thii  Altoriii'y-GonBml,  w«ji|«!iamino<l  nvT'lIni;  hL»lpuroh»<i« 
nf  Ahiuricnn  Murconi  HhareM.  Ilin  <iTiden<»i  wut  Kivnn  In  minote 
detail,  but  in  Hubitanuo  won  the  namn  m  that  ifivmi  in  the  lib«l 
action  au'uinHl  I^  Mnlin.  Tho  examination  wa«  (»ntinccd  on 
'rtinraday. 

Ill  reply  to  i|uoiitionK  in  the  IIooM  of  Cominonii,  .Mr.  H.  HmbocI 
stated  that  thn  Aiiierican  Marconi  Co.  hod  no  interoat  at  tX\ 
in  the  British  Murconi  Co.,  but  that  th-:  Hritinh  Co.  ha<l 
a  large  intcreiit  in  the  American  Co.  He  explained  that  there  won 
no  Himilurity  bi^twcen  the  cane  of  Mr.  .1.  K.  Taylor  and  that  of  the 
Attorney  (ieneral  and  the  Chancel  lor  of  the.  Eichiyiuer,  and  that  the 
reduction  in  rank  of  .Mr.  Toy  lor  would  not  be  rcoonitidered. 

ladia. — Tho  wirelesB  tclc^rapli  Htation  at  Lahore  him  ju»t 
l>een  opened,  and  the  new  station  ot  Bombay  will  be  really  very 

shortly.  —  Iiidiiin  Kiujiiifi'ring, 

Telephone  Kmployes.-   'Ih'-  li^'htli  uimual  couftTcnce 

of  the  Amalgamated  .society  of  Telephone  Employes  wan  held  in 
Glasgow  last  week  ;  70  delegates  were  present,  representing  10,0<X> 
employes.  The  outgoing  president.  Mr.  O.  l're«ton,  -stated  that  if 
a  plebiscite  of  male  member*  of  the  staff  were  taken,  the  vote 
would  undoubtedly  be  in  favour  of  a  return  to  the  old  order  of 
things. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Australia.— ^Fay  14th.  (ienerating  plant  for  Darwin 
Radiotelegraph  Station,  Northern  Territory.  See  "Official  Notices' 
to-day. 

ViCTOKi.\.— May  :i0th.  High-tension  ewitchgear  with  remote 
control,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.  See  "Official  Notices  " 
to-day. 

April  1.5th.— 1,020,000  arc  lamp  carbons,  26,900  carbon-filament 
incandescent  lamps,  and  bare  hard-drawn  copper  cables,  for  the 
Melbourne  City  Council.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Sydney.— May  12tb.  Fibre  conduit  for  the  City  Council. 
May  26th. — Meters  and  glazed  stoneware  bridges.  July  7th.— Arc 
lamp  carbons.  Specifications  10s.  lid.  for  each  section,  from  City 
Electrical  Engineer's  Department. — Avxfrnliait  Mining  Standard. 

Ayr. — Corporation  tramways.  Tenders  for  woriv  in  con- 
nection with  Hawk  Hill  extension— permanent  way  construction, 
road  widening,  &c.     Mr.  J.  Young,  engineer.  Town  Buildings,  Ayr. 

Belgium. — March  2iith.  Municipal  authorifeiee  of  Ixelles- 
lez-Bruxelles.  Armoured  cables  necessary  for  the  low-tension 
distribution  service. 

Blackpool. — High  and  low-tension  cables  and  trans- 
former switch  pillars.     See  'Official  Notices''  March  14th. 

Buenos  Ay  res.— April  15th.  Supply  of  motors,  cables, 
dynamos  and  other  accessories  for  motive  power.  Oficina  de  la 
Direccion  General  de  Minas,  Geologia  e  Hidrologia,  Buenos  Ayres. 

Cliorley.— Board  of  (iuardians.  Tenders  for  a  complete 
telephone  installation  for  the  workhouse. 

Croydon.— March  31st.  Stores  for  a  year,  for  the  Cor- 
poration Electricity  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  Feb.  2l8t 

Douglas  (Isle  of  Man).— March  31st.    About  190  tons 

of  good  steam  coal  for  the  Corporation  tramways  department.    Mr. 
A.  Robertson,  Town  Clerk. 

Dundee. — April  4th.  i;.u.t.  switcbgfar  and  trans- 
formers, for  the  Corporation.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

The  Corporation  electricity  department  invites  tenders  for  the 
supply  of  steel  sashes  and  frames,  and  for  the  supply  and  erection 
of  opening  casements,  for  extensions  at  Carolina  Port  generating 
station.     Mr.  H.  Richardson,  general  manager  and  engineer. 

Gdioburfl^b. — Electric  lighting  for  the  new  Veterinary 
College  buildings  at  Summerhall.  Mr.  D.  M'Arthy,  architect,  25, 
Frederick  Street,  Edinburgh.     Deposit  two  guineas,  returnable. 

March  Slst. -Coal  for  the  Corporation  electricity  supply  depart- 
ment for  3  or  12  months.     Engineer's  Office,  Dewar  Place. 

France. — The  tlectrical  department  of  the  French  State 
Railways  has  just  invited  tenders  for  the  supply  of  eight  under- 
ground electric  cables  to  transmit  three-phase  l.'i.OOO-volt  current 
between  the  Nord  power  station  in  Paris  and  the  sub-station  at 
La  Garenne. 

April  5th.— The  Bureaux  du  Service  Electriqne  (Second  Division 
of  the  French  State  Railways  in  Paris  (,43.  Roe  de  Rome")  are 
inviting  tenders  for  the  supply  of  the  switchboards  required  on  the 
alternating  side  at  the  transformer  station  at  the  Champs  de  Mare. 
Paris. 


i 


616 


THE    ELECTEICaL    JEtEVIEWc     [voi.  72.  No.  i,844,  maboh  28,  1913. 


GIuSjI^ow. — The  Tramways  Sub-Committee  on  Works  and 
Stores  of  the  T.C.  is  invitinp  offers  required  under  the  annual 
contracts.  Mr.  James  Dalrymple,  general  manaerer,  Headquarters, 
Bath  Street. 

Hornsey. — March  3 1st.  Natural  draught  cooling  tower 
for  the  T.C.  electricity  works.    See  "  Ollicial  Notices"  March  14th. 

Italy. — The  Azienda  Elettrica  IMunicipale,  of  Rome, 
has  just  invited  tenders  for  the  supply  of  about  350  km.  of  copper 
condnctors  required  in  connection  with  the  electric  transmission 
installation  between  Castelmadama  and  Rome. 

Kei^hley. — («)  Foundation  work  for  a  2,000-KW.  turbo- 
alternator  and  condensing:  plant  at  the  electricity  works  ;  (//)  rolled 
steel  joists  in  connection  with  the  above.  Drawingrs  and  specifica- 
tions obtainable  from  Mr.  H.  Webber,  Borough  Electrical  Eagineer, 
Coney  Lane,  Keighley. 

Limerick, — April  lOth.  stores  and  materials  for  a  year, 
for  the  Borough  electricity  department.  See  "'Official  Notices" 
to-day. 

Lisnaskea    (Co.    Fermana<(h).  —  April    uth.      Gas 

engine  and  suction  gas  plant,  dynamo  and  booster,  battery,  wood 
poles,  overhead  mains,  A;o.,  and  switchboard,  for  the  Lisnaskea 
Electric  Light  Co.,  Ltd.     !^ee  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

London. — L.C.C. — April  3rd.  Reconstruction  and  re- 
winding of  seventeen  300-kw.  synchronous  motor-generators  and 
three  ."iOO-KW.  induction  motor-generators.  See  "  Official  Notices  " 
March  llth. 

April  2nd. — Electrical  installation  at  the  Avery  Hill  Hostels, 
Eltham,  S.E.     See  "  Official  Notices"  March  21st. 

Battersea. — April  1st.  (Joal  for  a  year,  for  the  B.C.  Electricity 
Department.     See  "Official  Notices"  March  14th. 

Lewksham. — March  Slst.  Guardians.  Wiring  and  fittings  for 
.")00  lights  at  the  workhouse,  and  ")0U  lights  at  the  infirmary,  in 
High  Street,  Lewisham,  S.E.  Specifications  at  Union  Offices,  394, 
High  Street. 

91antliester. — April  1st.  Electric  fittings  and  wires, 
kc,  for  a  year,  for  the  Lanes,  and  Yorka  llailway  Co.  Mr.  Waring, 
Stores  Department,  Osborne  Street,  Manchester. 

April  15th. — Tramways  Committee.  Tenders  for  roofing  over  of 
avenues  at  the  Hyde  Road  car  works,  Manchester.  Mr.  J.  M. 
McElroy,  General  Manager. 

.Marj borouffh. — April  '.ith.  ],120-amp.-hour  accumu- 
lator, for  the  District  Asylum.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Peterboroog:h. — March  31st.  1,023  yards  of  cable,  for 
the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices  "  March  21st. 

Salford. — ^farch  31st.  Stores,  &c.,  for  the  Corporation 
Electricity  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  March  21st. 

April  10th.— Extra-high-tension  switchgear,  for  the  Corporation. 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Shanghai. — April  3rd.  Extra-high-tension  and  low- 
tension  switchgear  for  sub-stations.  See  "  Official  Notices  "  March 
14th. 

Spain. — The  municipal  authorities  of  Epila  (province  of 
Zaragoza)  have  just  invited  tenders  for  the  concession  for  the 
electric  lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period  of  l.'i  years. 

Staly bridge. — 4,500  yards  e.h.t.  three-core  lead-covered 
cable.    See  "Official  Notices"  March  14th. 

West  Ham. — April  3rd.  Electric  light  installation  at 
the  new  workshops,  Aldersbrook  Road,  Wanstead,  for  the  Guardians. 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Wig;an. — March  31st.  Materials  and  stores  for  the  Cor- 
poration Light  and  Tramways  Departments.  See  "Official  Notices" 
March  14  th. 

York. — April  5th.  The  Board  of  Guardians  is  prepared 
to  receive  tenders  for  (1)  a  dug  well  round  an  existing  bore  hole, 
an  additional  cast-iron  liner  down  the  bore  hole,  a  deep  well  pump 
for  .^,000  gallons  per  hour,  and  two  small  centrifugal  pumps  and 
electric  motors ;  and  (2)  water-softening  plant  (without  beat) 
dealing  with  5,000  gallons  per  hour.  Tenders  to  the  Clerk  (Mr. 
George  Sykes),  Union  Offices,  Museum  Street,  York, 


CLOSED. 


.4shton -under- Lyue. — The  Electricity  Committee  has 
provisionally  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Switchgear  &  Cowans, 
Ltd.,  for  high-tension  switchgear  to  Fjieciftcation. 

.\therton. — The   U.D.C.   has    accepted    the   tender   of 

MensrH.  Maiicbtll,  Barratt  .V  Co.  for  two  transformers. 

Bristol. — The  Docks  Conjuiittee  has  accepted  the  tender 
of  Buchanan  6^  Cur  wen  for  the  electric  light  installation  at 
Bathurst  and  Prince's  sheds. 

Burnley. — The  Guardians,  on  March  20th,  entered  into 
their  half-yearly  contracts.  Thes'»  included  one  for  electrical 
requirements  with  Messrs.  Simpson  Bros. 

Chesterfield. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
British  Westinghouse  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  oOO  KW.  rotary  converter, 
speed  600  r.p.m.,  and  a  500>k.v.a.  transformer,  at  £1,461, 


Australia.  —  According  to  the  Aitslralian.  Mining 
Standtird,  the  following  contracts  have  been  placed  : — 

HoBART. — Postmaster-General's  Department  : — 
46  chains  cable,  260  pairs,  £425.— B.I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd. 
118   chains    cable,  208    pairs,  £835 ;    61  chains    cable,  160  pairs,  £311.— 
Australian  Metal  Co.,  Ltd. 

Victorian  Railways.  Electrical  equipment  of  Melbourne 
suburban  system.  (This  matter  has  already  been  mentioned  in  the 
Electrical  Review)  :  — 

Power  station,  buildings,  boiler  house  equipment  and  other  plant— deposit, 

£6,4.55  lOa.- £258,220.— Babcock  .t  Wilcox,  Ltd. 
Equipment  of  suburban  stations— deposit,  £4,200-  iit  rates.— Bienicns  Bros. 

Dvnamo  Works,  Ltd. 
Turbo-alternators    and    traneformerg  —  deposit,    f3,'.56— £132,836.— C.    A. 
—         Parsons  &  Co. 

Train    equipmen's  —  deposit,    £16,901  —  £676,180.- General   Electric   Co. 

(U.S.A.), 

New  South  Wales.— Public  Works  Department.  Building 
works  : — 

Construction  of  electric  lifts,  Registrar-General's  new  buililinf,  £2,035.— 

Standard  Waygood,  Ltd. 
Railway  and  tramway  construction  works.— 100  tons  of  fishbolts  for  80-lb. 
rails,  £15  per  ton.— K.  W.  Cameron  &  Co.,  Sydney. 

Syd-N'EY. — Municipal  Council  :  — 
Maximum  demand  indicators,  £.'!0?.— W.  G.  Watson  &  Co. 
Transformers,  £1,231).— Australian  General  Electric  Co. 

€lacton-on-Sea. — The  U. !).(.'.  has  acceptid  the  tender 
of  the  Consolidated  Diesel  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  an  engine  and  accessories 
and  switchboard,  at  £4,840,  and  a  Crompton  djiiamo,  at  £710; 
and  that  of  Messrs.  .lohnson  &  Phillips,  Ltd.,  fur  cables  for 
extensions,  at  £56. 

France. — The  adjudications  on  tlie  tenders  returnable  on 
March  1 1  th,  for  telephone  cables  (in  three  lots)  for  the  Post  and 
Telegraph  Department,  Paris,  have  resulted  in  the  rejection  of  all 
the  offers  made,  owing  to  them  exceeding  the  price  limit  previously 
fixed.  The  lowest  tender  for  lot  1  (10,000  metres  of  copper  cable 
and  liS. pairs  of  silk  and  cotton-bound  conductors)  was  l.'.iuO  fr.  per 
kilometre,  by  M.  Grammont.  The  lowest  tendi  r  for  lot  2  for 
similar  requirements,  was  1,8S.")  fr.  by  Messrs.  Geotfroy  A.  Delore,  the 
India-Rubber,  Gutta-Percha  and  Telegraph  Works  Co.'s  tender 
being  1,9l'.")  f r.  per  kilometre.  For  lot  3(15,000  metres  and  14  pairs), 
the  lowest  tender  was  that  of  the  Ticfileries  du  Havre,  1,210  fr. 

The  tenders  invited  for  the  same  date,  for  extensable  commu- 
tator telephone  tables,  were  also  rejected  for  the  came  reasons. 
The  lowest  tender  was  that  of  the  Society  des  Ouvriers  en  Instru- 
ments de  Precision,  50,12(>  fr.  for  two  lots,  the  Thomson-Houston 
quotation  being  .52,700  fr.  for  two  lots. 

Germany. — Messrs.  Heh.  Iviecke  &  Co.,  of  Kassel,  have 
submitted  the  lowest  tender  to  the  Prussian  State  Railway 
authorities  of  Munster  for  the  supply  and  erection  of  five  80-ton 
electrically-operated  cranes. 

Glasgow, — The  T.C.'s  Tramways  Committee  on  Works 
and  Stores  has  recommended  acceptance  of  the  following  offers  :  — 

Porcelain  insulators. — Bullcrs,  Ltd. 

Copper  bonds.— R.  R.  Todd. 

Witting  armature  coils. — Manchester  Armature  Coil  Co. 

Wittint!  commutators.— Mavor  &  Coulson. 

Government  Contracts. — The  following  tenders  have 

been  accepted  during  the  past  month  by  the  Government  depart- 
ments named  : — 

Admib.iL'iv:  Contbact  Branob. 
Bell,  bell  fittings,  gongs,  ,tc.— Hawkers,  Ltd.;  IndiaRubbcr,  Guttapercha, 
&c.,  Co.,  Ltd.:  McGeoch  &  Co.,  Ltd.;  Mechan  .V  Sons.  Ltd.;  Player 
and  Mitchell;  Reid  Bros.,  Engineers,  Ltd.;  Bpagnoletti,  Ltd. 
Brackets,  pendants,  iSc— Evercd  &  Co,  Ltd.;    Edison  &  Swan,  4c. ,  Co-, 
Ltd. ;   Gabriel  &  Co. ;   General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. ;    Mechan  &   Sons, 
Ltd.;  W.  McGeoch  &  Co.,  Ltd. ;  Player  &  Mitchell,  Ltd. ;  pavid  Shanks 
and  Co.,  Ltd. ;  Spagnoletti,  Ltd. 
Lampholders  and  insulators  for.— Edison  &  Swan,  ,jic.,  Co.,  Ltd. ;  General 

Electric  Co.,  Ltd. ;  W.  McGeoch  4  Co.,  Ltd. 
Incandescent  lamps.— British  Union  Lamp  Works,  Ltd. ;  British  Thomson. 
Houston  Co.,  Ltd. ;    Cryselco,  Ltd. ;    Edison  &  Swan,  &c.,  Co.,  Ltd. ; 
General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. ;   Rugby  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd. ;  Pope's  E.ectric 
Lamp  Co.,  Ltd. 

Wab  Office. 
Electric  dry  cells.— Atlaii  Carbon  and  Battery  Co.,  Ltd.;  Siemens  Bros,  and 

Co.,  Ltd. 
Installation  oi  electric  licht,  oHicers'  houses,   Tidworth.— Malcolm    and 
Allan,  Ltd. 

India  Oiiice:  Store  Dei'artmkst.  • 
Pipettes,  (SiC— Chloride  Electrical  Storage  Co. 

Chown  Agents  foe  thk  Colonies, 
Cable.— W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd. 
Dynamo  sets.— Britannia  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd. 
Switchboard  meter  equipments.— Western  Electric  Co. 

Post  Ofi  ice. 

Protective  apparatus.- British  L.M.  Ericsson  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.; 
International  Electric  Co. 

Telegraphic  apparatus.— B.I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd. 

Telephonic  apparatus.— Automatic  Telephone  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.; 
British  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.;  British  L.M.  Ericsson 
Maiiufaoturing  Co.,  Ltd.;  Crystalatc  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.;  Edison 
and  Swan  United  E.L.  Co.,  Ltd.;  (;ent!r(«l  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.;  Inter- 
iiatiDnal  Klectric  Co.;  London  Kkiuio  Wire  Co.  and  Bniiths,  Ltd.; 
Hiemens  Bros,  k  Co.,  Ltd. ;  Spiinooletti,  Ltd. ;  Western  Electric 
Co.,  Ltd. 

Telephonic  cable.— B.I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.;  Johnson  ijl;  Phillips,  Ltd. 

Stoneware  ducts.- Albion  Clay  Co.,  Ltd. 

New  wireless  station,  Malin  Head.— Robert  Colboun. 

Power  plant  and  wiring  at  Malin  Head  wireless  telegraph  station.— West- 
minster Engineering  Co  ,  Ltd. 

Steel  nia<^ts  at  Valencia  wireless  telegraph  station. —Marconi's  Wireless 
Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. 

Telephone  exchange  equipment,  Leith  ;  alterations  and  additions,  Mayfuir 
hlxcbange,  London ;  in'ormttion  desks  and  alterations,  City  and 
Central  Exchanges,  London.— Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 

Telephone  exchange  eqnipment,  Barnsley  and  Helensburgh.- Peel-Conner 
Telephone  Work>,  Ltd. 


Vol.  72.  No.  1 ,8.1 1 .  Ma  uch  2k.  1  a  1  h.  ]     'i'jDit,    ihLh'JjmiCAL    HE V  it;  vv  . 


517 


Heme  Ha,v. — The  K.D.C.  liH8  nccoptod  tho  tender  of 
MeBBra.  Stuart  &  Moore,  of  Kaliiiif,  for  an  inHtulIatioii  of  oloctric 
flro  alariiiH,  at  £27  a  year,  for  llvu  ycaru. 

II<)rnsey.— The  toiuicr  of  the  UeaHoii  .Miimifactiiriiit,'  Co., 
hM.,  for  electrolytic  inctorn  for  tho  OnHuinif  year,  haH  bccm  accepted 
by  the  Council. 

Messrs.  Chamberlain  .t  Ilookhaiii,  li'.d.,  have  iiIho  obtaiiie<l  a  eon- 
tract  for  meters  from  the  B.C. 

IllKlilcrsfield. — The  I'ilcctricity  (ionimittco  hiis  accepted 
the  following  tontlors  :  — 

Mark  Brook.  — Now  ohiiniioy  at  eloctiUity  WDrka. 
It.  Brook  &  Co. -Tanks. 

llford. — The  II.D.C.  has  accepted  tlie  following  tciulei-s 
for  coal  for  the  electricity  works  : — 

Bradbury,  Son  ,V  Co  ,  Ltd.-  2,000  tons  of  (ledliiiK'sjimll  poSH,  14fl.6d.  per  ton. 
K.  FoHtcr  >'(  Co.     7,000  tons  ot   Ibstork  medium  peaH,  ISh.  fid.  per  ton,  and 
l.OUO  tons  of  Taniworth  double-Bcrcencd  nutB,  at  ijjs.  '2d.  per  ton. 

The  Education  Committee  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Ellis  \  Ward,  Ltd.,  for  the  electric  lig-ht  iTistallation  at  South  I'ark 
Schools,  at  £157. 

liOniioil, — llA.MMKiis.MiTii. — As  thc  rcsiilt  of  tests  made 
of  prepayment  meters  recently  tendered  for,  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Chamberlain  ,t  Ilookham  was  recommended  for  acceptance. 

The  tenders  received  for  arc  lamp  carbons  were  : — • 

Electrical  Engineering  and  Equipment  Co.,  Ltd.    ..   (accepted)  i:i37 

bliip  Unrbons         149 

W.  Gcipel&Co 148' 

.1   G.  Wilson          \r,3 

Siemens  Bros   Dynamo  Works,  Ltd,          l.')4 

M.G.  .Mayer  .V:  Co 17U 

H  an  Klcutiieal  Co.                  178 

O  neral  MeofrioCo.,  Ltd 198 

Ciompton  &  Co.,  Ltd 207 

^  Net ;  others  less  2.^  per  cent. 

B.VTTtKSEA. — The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  followinp;  tenders  for 
aauual  supplies  to  the  Electricity  Department : — 

Carbon  lamps.— British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd. 

Ods.— Price's  Co.,  Ltd. 

Tiirbine  oil.— A.  Duckham  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Litumen.— Callender's  Cable  and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd. 

Compound. —Dussek  Bitumen  Co. 

Engine  room  stores  and  ironmongery,  &c. — Pryke  &  Pahner. 

Packings.— R.  Meldam. 

FuLHAM. — The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  following  tenders  for 
annual  supplies  : — 

Carbon  brushes.— \V.  Geipel  &  Co. 

House  cutouts  and  service  boxes.— B.I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd. ;   Sykes 

and  Sugden. 
Glass  globes.— City  Glass  Co. 
Electrical    goods. — Bri'ish    Thomson-Houston  Co.,   Ltd  ;    Siemens    Bros. 

Dynamo  Works  ;   W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd. 
Carbons.  — Sloan  Electrical  Co,  (for  about  seven  months  onlyl. 
Frames  and  covers.— W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd. 

Eali.ng. — At  an  estimated  cost  of  £130,  with  an  additional  £1.5 
for  foundation  work  and  fitting',  Messrs.  Weir,  Ltd.,  are  to  be 
requested  to  provide  at  the  electricity  works,  a  Weir  boiler  feed 
pump  to  take  the  place  of  the  two  small  ones  which  have  heen 
working  for  nearly  twenty  years  and  are  now  almost  unfit  for 
further  service. 

Stoke  Newington. — The  tender  of  the  London  Electron  Works 
Co ,  Ltd.,  has  been  accepted  for  the  purchase  and  removal  of  old 
tinned  material  and  galvanised  iron,  &c.,  from  the  Stoke  Newington 
destructor  for  three  years,  at  £1  10s.  per  i^n  for  tinned  material, 
and  12s.  (id.  for  the  iron,  &c. 

Bermondsey. — The  B.C.  has  accepted  tenders  by  the  following 
firms  : — 

Reason  Manufacturing  Co. — Time  switches  and  demand  indicators. 

E.  H.  Cripps.— Meter  boards. 

Stern,  Sonueborn  Oil  Co.,  and  W.  B.  Dick  &  Co.— Engine  oils. 

Thos.  Wragg  &  Co..  Ltd. — Conduits  and  troughing. 

Sykes  &  Sugden,  Ltd.— Street  frames  and  covers,  &c. 

Chamberlain  &  Hookham,  Ltd. — Meters,  fuses  and  time  switches. 

Qeneral  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— Cut-outs,  *c. 

Union  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. — Paper  cable,  lead-oovered. 

Liverpool  Electric  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. — Rubber  cable. 

C.  Macintosh  &  Co.,  Ltd. — Lead-covered  rubber  cable. 

Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Lead-covered  cable. 

Craig,  Sharp,  Ltd.— Jointing  material. 

Manchester, — The  B.  of  G.  has  placed  a  contract  with 
Messrs.  Anderson,  Ltd.,  Salford,  for  installing  electric  light  at 
Crumpsall  Workhouse. 

Kew  /iealaiut, — Messrs.  Hick- Diesel  Oil  Engines,  Ltd., 
have  received  the  following  Colonial  orders  for  their  oil  engines  : — 

Te  Aroha  Borough  Council,  N.Z  —One  of  240  b.h.i'. 
Corporation  o(  Tliames,  N.Z.— Two  of  ItiO  h.h.v. 

Norwich. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  IMessis. 
Alexander  Wilson,  of  Aberdeen,  for  a  two-cylinder  electric  motor- 
driven  air  compressor  for  New  Mills  power  station,  at  £421. 

Salford. — The  Education  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  Willoughby  i;  Wilcox  for  installing  the  electric 
light  at  the  technical  laboratories  and  workshops,  at  £40;  and 
that  of  Messrs.  Davenport,  Sparrow  &:  Co.  for  similar  work  at  the 
juvenUe  employment  bureau. 

York. — The  Cable  Accessories  Co.,  litd.,  have  secured 
the  contract  for  supplying  brackets  and  fittings  for  lighting  the 
streets  of  the  city. 


Noutliend-on-.Sea. 

tcndors   — 


-TliB  T.C.  hfui  w:ci;\>Ut\  thc  foltowinf( 


I'.iUiir  Allnn  it  Co.,  Ltd.    30  iij*n|kO*M  Iron  lonaua*  (or  tramways,  tftO. 
Worthlngton  A  Co,— Poica,  lirw^keta,  (tolUr  wlrn,  Miction  pllUrt  anil  bonila, 

X801. 
Mr.  I).  H.  Kdhc  — Oun-miiUl  nvarb'ad  lino  m«liirUI,  tU. 
Alton  A  Co.-Rtnarn  (ilpi-H,  tWi,  and  •xbauil  |>ly«>.  /7*. 
KnpklNHon  <t  Co.     Ht«ain  valvi.n.  tin. 
(ilunfli'ld  A  Kenrx  <ly.     Kihauat  valvoii,  <-i.'l. 

The  Britinh  "  NiolauH«e  Boiler  C«.,  LU].,  him  Msjurwl  from  th« 
Corporation  a  contract  for  two  2r»,<,o(i  lb.  ca{)a<:itr  )K>ikTn,  oifnpl^Us 
with  NiulauHse  Hlnkers,  HuperheatorH  and  forcwi  draught  fan  i-<|uip' 
ment,  also  (ireon'H  6Conomi)«.rH  and  other  work. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


Manchester  Electro-Harmonic  Society. —  Knday,  Marcb  2Hih.  At  the 
Albion  Hotel,  Manehvsti  r.     La»t  lonccrt  of  the  season. 

Association  of  Mining  Electrical  Engineers  'South  Wale«  Branch- 
Western  Section;.- tiat{irdav,  .March  '.i'.ltli.  At  7.M0  p  mi  Atih''  (irainniar 
.Hcbool,  Hwiuispii.  L.cturi-  on  'Turbine  Kngines,  tlioir  Coiiktruction, 
Installation  and  Maintenance,"  by  Mr.  A.  L.  Otalson. 

(South  Wales  Branch -Eastern  Section).— Saturdar.  .March  39th. 
At  5  p  m.  At  the  Carlton  Cair,  Cardiff.  Discussion  on  paper  on  "Tho 
Bpccd  Control  of  Three  phase  Motors,"  by  Mr.  H.  Simons. 

Institution  of  Electrical   Engineers  (Scottish  Section).— Annual  general 

meeting  postponed  from  Apnl  Bth  to  April  15th. 

(Newcastle  Section).— Mondny,  March  81»t.  At  7.30  p  m.  At  thf 
Armstrong  College,  Newcastle.  Paper  on  Telephonic  Development,"  bv 
Mr.  J.  R.  Andrews. 

(Manchester  Section).— Tuesday,  April  1st.  At  7.W  p.m.  At  thc 
University,  Manchester.  Paper  on  "  Self-symhronising  Machines,"  by  Dr. 
E.  Rosenberg. 

Association  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers  (Glasgow  Branchi.— Wed- 
nesday, April  and.  At  7.45  p.m.  Meeting  at  the  V'.M.C.A.,  Bothwell 
Street,  Glasgow. 

Electro-Harmonic    Society.  —  Friday,   April   4th. 
Restaurant.    Last  Smoker  of  the  season. 


King's   Hall,    Holbom 


Salford  Technical  and  Engineering  Society.— Saturday,  April  6th.  At 
7  p.m.  At  the  Royal  Technical  Institute,  Salford,  Paper  on  "  Modem  (3lss 
Engines,"  by  Mr.  K.  Cox. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 
(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Officer — Lirut.-Col.  H.  M.  Leaf. 

The  tollowin?  orders  have  been  issued  : — 

Friday,  March  28th.— "D"  Company.    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Saturday,   March  29th.— Headquarters  will    be  opened   from  10  a.m.   till 

12  noon  (or  regimental  business  only. 
Monday,   Maieh   31st.— "A"  Company.      Recruit  training,  7   to   10  p.m.; 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Tuesday,  April  1st.— "B"  Company.    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Thursday,  .\pril  3rd.— "C  "   Company.      Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Friday,  April  4th.— "  D"  (Company.    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Saturday,  April  6th.— Headquarters  will  be  opened  for  regimental  baEiness 
from  10  a.m.  till  noon, 

(Signed)         J.  H.  S.  Phillips,  Major. 

For  Officer  commanding  L.B.B. 


NOTES. 


The  L.C.C.  Hi)£liways  Corainittee.— The  members  of 

the  new  Highways   Committee  (.which,  as  our  readers  know,  looki 
after  the  electric  tramway  system")  will  be  as  under  :  — 

Cotton,  H.  E.  -A..         Kennard.  Cpt.  A C.H.       Scott.  A.  H. 


Evans.  B.  B. 
Goodrich.  A.  O. 
Gordon,  H.  H. 
Hume,  G.  H. 
Hunt,  William 


Lidiard.  H. 
Monk   Bretton,  Lord 
Prestige,  J.  T. 
RawsoD,  A.  C. 


Squires.  \V.  J. 
Ward.  Henry 
White.  Sir  Edward 
Yeo,  A.  W. 


Electric  Motor- Vehicle  CoDStruction  Id  the  I  uited 

States. — The  Edison  Electric  Vehicle  Co.,  of  America,  is  the  name 
of  a  new  concern  which  has  just  been  formed  at  Lawrence,  Mass., 
to  manufacture  industrial  motor-vehicles  of  the  electric  type.  The 
vehicles  will  all  be  fitted  with  Edison  batteries. 


618 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.     [Voi.  72.  no.  1,844,  maboh  28,  1918. 


Kuirbj    Enffineerins:   Society    Conversazione.— The 

third  Conversazione  held  under  the  auspioes  of  the  Rupby 
Engineerinsr  Society  took  place  on  the  evening-  of  the  14th  inst.  in 
the  Co-operative  Hall,  Rugby.  This  function  is  held  about  every 
two  years,  and  is  one  of  the  most  successful  and  interesting  dis- 
plays of  the  results  of  engrineerinp  progrress  and  scientific  research 
in  the  Midlands.  The  larpe  hall  was  used  for  the  display  of 
exhibits,  and  of  the  two  smaller  halls  attached,  one  was  reserved 
for  a  lecture  and  demonstration  theatre — there  being  during  the 
evening  continuous  demonstratious  of  the  I'athescope,  by  the 
courtesy  of  the  Path^scope  Co.,  interspersed  with  two  very  interest- 
ing lectures  :  one  by  Mr.  E.  B.  Wedinore.  entitled  "  Infinity,"  which, 
in  spite  of  the  awe-inspiring  title,  thanks  to  the  wit  and  humour 
of  the  leuturpr.  was  much  enjoyed  by  a  numerous  and  appreciative 
audience.  The  second  lecture  was  by  Mr.  F.  A.  Haigh,  on 
"Coloured  Photography."  in  which  a  demonstration  was  given  with 
Boitable  examples  of  this  interesting  development  of  the  art.  The 
second  small  hall  was  reserved  for  refreshments,  and  a  most  in- 
structive and  enjoyable  evening  was  spent  by  some  400  members 
and  their  friends,  a  continuous  programme  of  music  being  provided 
in  the  main  hall  throughout  the  evening  by  Mr.  Dadley's  orchestra. 
The  Marconi  Co.  sent  down  a  complete  wireless  installation,  with 
one  of  their  engineers  to  demonstrate  the  working  of  the  €(iuip- 
ment.  There  was  an  excellent  demonstration  of  the  X-rays,  with 
specimen  photographs,  ^tc.  Messrs.  Alfred  Herbert. Ltd.,  of  Coventry, 
gave  a  practical  demonstration  of  the  photostat,  using  mercury 
lamps.  Mr.  Robert  W.  Paul,  of  London,  exhibited  a  comprehensive 
collection  of  electrical  instruments,  and  the  Cambridge  Scientific 
Instrument  Co.  sent  a  very  comprehensive  exhibit  of  their  speciali- 
ties. One  of  the  most  popular  demonstrations  was  that  of  the 
efifect  of  rotary  alternating  magnetic  fields,  by  means  of  apparatus 
kindly  loaned  by  Dr.  Sumpner,  of  Birmingham,  and  many  other 
very  interesting  exhibits  were  shown.  Great  credit  is  due  to  the 
Committee  responslMe  for  the  arrangements,  and  particularly  to 
the  joint  hon.  secretaries.  Messrs.  R.  G.  Hosking  and  J.  M.  Ferguson, 
for  having  so  successfully  organised  a  conversazione  which,  on  its 
social,  as  well  as  its  scientific  side,  it  would  be  diflBcult  to  surpass. 

Strike  at  Barrow. — Tliere  has  recently  been  a  strike 
of  Corporation  employes  in  progress  at  Barrow-in-Furness. 
Although  most  of  the  workmen  in  nearly  all  departments  went  out 
on  strike,  the  whole  of  the  men  in  the  electricity  department, 
with  the  exception  of  two  or  ^iree  casual  labourers,  who  were  inter- 
fered with  while  at  work,  remained  loyal,  in  spite  of  desperate 
efforts  on  the  part  of  the  Labour  Party  and  agitators  to  get  them 
to  go  out  on  strike.  As  a  result,  there  was  no  interference  of  any 
sort  with  the  electricity  supply,  and  a  number  of  Mr.  Burnett's 
.staff  assisted  at  the  gasworks,  which,  for  some  days,  were  largely 
run  by  the  officials  from  the  various  departments.  The  gas  supply 
was  maintained  at  a  reduced  pressure,  but  none  of  the  gas  street  lamps 
were  lit.  Fortunately,  however,  most  of  the  main  thoroughfares 
are  lighted  by  electricity,  and  the  fact  that  the  electricity  supply 
was  maintained,  of  course,  made  the  inconvenience  caused  by  the 
strike  very  much  less  than  it  would  otherwise  have  been.  Under 
ordinary  circumstances  there  is  a  keen  but  friendly  rivalry  between 
the  electricity  and  gas  departments,  but,  in  the  present  instance, 
the  former  co-operated  with  and  assisted  the  gas  department  in 
every  possible  way  in  the  fight  against  their  "  common  enemy — 
the  labour  agitator." 

Later  information  received  just  as  we  go  to  press  states  that  the 
strike  .still  continues.  A  few  of  the  men  have  returned  to  work, 
and  the  places  of  some  have  been  filled.  The  gas  supply  is  being 
maintained  at  reduced  pressure  by  volunteers,  but  none  of  the  gas 
street  lamps  are  yot  lit. 

Copper. — ^lessrs.  H.  K.  ^lerton's  mid-monthly  statistical 
circular,  which  is  now  to  band,  shows  a  drop,  during  the  fortnight 
ending  March  15th,  of  1,034  tons  in  visible  supplies.  This  includes 
932  tons  withdrawn  from  English  ports.  Dutch  stocks  (also 
included )  are  up  ■'.50  tons,  and  Hamburg  stocks  12.5  tons.  Deliveries, 
at  24,:'>7'.i  for  the  fortniirht,  will,  if  continued  at  the  same  rate,  show  a 
fairl.v  brisk  trade  on  the  month.  North  America's  contribution  is 
high,  Spain's  very  low,  Chile  shipments  average,  and  Australian  the 
same.  The  world's  supply  figures  for  the  end  of  February  again 
show  an  increase  (1.172  tons),  though  not  so  large  as  the  preceding 
one.  At  '.19,270  tons  they  stand  higher  than  they  have  done  since 
I'.ill.  Stock  in  American  producers  hands  on  February  2Nth.  how- 
ever, was  100  tons  less  than  on  January  SOth,  the  increase  in 
world  9  supplies,  therefore,  depending  on  the  increase  in  Dutch  and 
German  stocks.  Without  these  the  European  supplies  are  2,00'.i  tons 
down  for  the  half-month,  and  the  combined  visible  supply  lost 
•J. 452  tons  during  February. 

Cbari^e  of  Receiving. — .At  the  London  Sossions  on 
17th  inst..  Abraham  N'iner,  a  rubber  dealer  of  Walworth,  was 
charged  with  receiving  six  magnetos  belonging  to  the  Bosch 
Magneto  Co.  According  to  the  Murniiii/  Adrertixerx  report, 
complaints  were  made  that  the  company's  consignments  of 
magnetos  to  Australia  arrived  short  of  the  proper  number,  paving 
stones  of  about  the  same  weight  having  been  substituted.  There 
was  no  direct  evidence  to  show  when  the  cases  were  tampered  with, 
bat  investigations  led  to  the  discovery  that  the  prieoner  had 
disposed  of  six  of  the  magnetos  at  much  below  cost  price.  The 
accused  was  found  guilty  of  receiving  one  magneto,  and  he  was 
remanded  in  custody  until  April  10th,  when  the  judge  will  give 
his  decision. 

The  Batti-Wallahs. — The  eighth  annual  dinner  of  the 
Batti-Wallahs'  Society  was  held  on  Saturday.  March  loth.  The 
toast  of  '■  The  King  "  constituted  the  toast  list,  and  Mr.  Collis,  the 
retiring  President,  who  took  the  chair,  pointed  out  that  there  was 
no  ncep.«>ity  for  him  to  make  a  speech,  since  all  he  could  say  about 


the  Society  was  to  be  found  in  the  menu-programme  and  the  Batti- 
Wallahs'  Joiir/iiil,  the  second  number  of  which  was  published  in 
time  for  distribution  at  the  dinner.  We  understand  that  Mr. 
Robinson,  the  entertainment  secretary,  displayed  originality  in 
stage-managing  the  whole  affair.  The  menu  took  the  shape  of  a 
uniform  cap.  and  inside  there  were  amusing  illustrations  depicting 
the  seven  ages  in  the  life  of  an  electrical  engineer.  Mrs.  J.  Cor- 
neille,  Mr.  Martin  Muir,  Miss  Ada  Fox,  Mr.  Olley  Oakley,  Mr. 
Ernest  Pike  and  Mr.  Louis  Nikola  entertained  the  guests.  During 
the  course  of  the  evening  ^1  r.  J.  Snow  Huddlestone,  the  President 
for  the  ensuing  year,  who  had  a  previous  appointment,  called  in, 
and,  in  response  to  a  general  request,  gave  a  short  speech.  We 
are  informed  that  "  there  was  a  record  attendance,  in  spite  of  the 
unavoidable  clashing  of  dates." 

A  Glasj2:o\v  Elettrical  E.xhibition. — The  Glasgow  Cor- 
poration Electricity  Dep.irlmeat  is  organising  nn  Electrical  Kxhibi- 
tion  (incorporating  enguu^ring  and  machinery)  to  be  held  from 
Thursday,  October  23rd,  ti  Saturday,  November  l.">th,  inclusive. 
An  official  preliminary  cir^  •.,'  ir,  issued  by  the  general  manager 
(Mr.  James  M.  Freer,  38.  lijih  Street,  Glasgow),  states  that  the 
scope  of  the  exhibition  will  embrace  lighting,  heating  and  power, 
aud  a  special  section  will  be  devoted  to  appliances  for  domestic 
purposes.  Careful  attention  will  be  given  to  a  section  illustrating 
electrical  applications  to  light  railways,  mining,  textile,  and  every 
branch  of  manufacture.  "  The  exhibition  will  afford  a  unique 
opportunity  to  engineering  and  machinery  manufacturers  to  exhibit 
their  specialities  in  conjunction  with  electric  power  appliances. 
The  management  will  make  special  endeavours  to  bring  the  exhibi- 
tion to  the  notice  of  likely  users  of  electrical  equipment  in  all 
parts  of  Scotland  and  the  North  of  Ireland."  The  complete 
prospectus  will  be  circulated  a  few  weeks  hence. 

Association  of  Electrical    Station    En<riueers. — A 

meeting  was  held  recently  at  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  Bradford  ; 
16  gentlemen  were  present,  and  these  included  representatives  from 
Colne.  Dewsbury  and  Keighley,  as  well  as  Bradford.  It  was 
unanimously  agreed  that  a  branch  of  the  A.E.S.E.  be  formed  for 
Bradford  and  district.  An  hon.  secretary  was  appointed,  and  it  wa-i 
decided  to  form  a  committee  of  12.  A  number  was  elected  from 
those  gentlemen  present,  and  a  few  vacancies  were  left  to  be  filled 
by  representatives  of  other  districts  around  Bradford,  who,  it  is 
hoped,  will  attend  at  the  next  meeting. 

It  was  proposed  that  when  the  A.E.S.E.  gets  into  working  ordt  r, 
a  magazine  be  published  and  sent  to  members.  It  was  also  pro- 
posed that  the  A.E.S.E.  become  incorporated. 

All  the  gentlemen  present  promised  to  make  ajiplication  for 
membership  at  once  if  they  had  not  already  done  so,  and  to  do  their 
Ijtst  to  obtain  members  ;  those  from  outlying  districts  promised  to 
canvass  the  particular  districts  from  which  they  came. 

The  next  meeting  was  provisionally  arranged  for  April  16th,  and 
it  is  hoped  that  there  will  be  a  larger  attendance. 

A  meeting  was  held  at  the  Amalgamated  Society  of  Engineers' 
premises,  Mount  Pleasant,  Liverpool,  on  Thursday  last.  There 
was  a  representative  attendance,  and  it  was  unanimously  resolved 
that  a  branch  be  formed  for  Liverpool  district  and  the  Cheshire  side 
of  the  Mersey.  Mr.  A.  Chas.  Black  was  elected  hon.  secretary,  with 
Mr.  F.  A.  Taylor  hon.  assistant  .secretary,  and  a  committee  of  seven 
was  appointed  for  the  time  being.  It  was  resolved  that  the  next 
meeting  be  held  in  about  two  weeks'  time. 

Alleged  Fraud.— On  I'.tth  inst.,  at  Marlborough  Street 
Police  Court,  Horace  Gustave  M('nage,  31,  described  as  an  electrical 
engineer,  living  in  Junction  Road,  Upper  HoUoway,  was  charged 
with  obtaining  on  divers  dates  between  November,  1912,  and 
January,  1913,  with  Intent  to  defraud,  a  (juantity  of  electrical 
accessories  of  the  value  of  £21  8s.  lid.  from  Walter  James  Spencer 
and  others  of  the  Sun  Electrical  Co.,  Hi*,  Charing  CrosH 
Road,  W.C. 

According  to  a  report  in  the  A/nniinff  Adtertuev,  Mr.  R.  T. 
Smith,  who  prosecuted,  said  that  the  prisoner  in  1902  entered  into 
an  agreement  with  the  Telephone  Instalment  System  Co.,  Ltd.,  of 
High  Holborn,  and  by  the  terms  of  it  he  was  forbidden  to  order  any 
goods  for  that  firm  unless  their  printed  forms,  duly  signed  by  the 
manager,  managing  director,  or  the  secretary,  were  used.  It  was 
alleged  that  the  accused  disregarded  this  arrangement,  and  ordered 
goods  from  the  Sun  Electrical  Co.,  representing  that  they  were 
ref|uired  by  the  Telephone  Instalment  System  Co.  In  this  way  he 
obtained  troods  of  the  value  of  £21  8s.  lid.,  which  he  appeared  to 
have  applied  to  his  own  use.  INIr.  Smith  said  he  also  proposed,  in 
addition,  to  charge  the  prisoner  with  forgery,  he  having  altered  a 
genuine  order  and  made  an  addition  to  it. 

Mr.  R.  Bo.",  managing  director  of  the  Telephone  Instalment 
System  Co.,  said  that  by  the  agreement  entered  into  with  his  com- 
pany the  prisoner  was  to  manage  the  electrical  department,  and 
was  to  have  a  third  of  the  profits  of  that  department  over  and 
above  the  cost  of  the  work.  He  was  not  allowed  to  order  goods 
for  them  unless  the  printed  forms  of  the  company,  signed  by  the 
manager,  managing  director,  or  secretary,  were  used.  The  goods 
referred  to  in  the  charge  had  not  been  ordered  by  them.  The 
business  of  the  company  was  to  supply  telephones  ou  the  instalment 
system,  and  also  to  carry  out  work  in  connection  with  telephones. 

Mr.  Denman,  on  the  application  of  Mr.  Lewis,  remanded  the 
prisoner,  allowing  bail  in  two  sureties  of  £30  each,  or  in  one  in  the 
sum  of  £60. 

Edison  Battery  Car  for  Glasgow  E.l.  Department. 

— The  electrically  propelled  motor-van  which  the  Electricity  Com- 
mittee of  the  Corporation   has  purchased   has  a  load  capacity  of 
1  ton,  and  is  equipped  with  an  Edison  storage  battery.     The  energy 
cost  for  a  run  of  40  miles  is  said  to  be  less  than  Jd.  a  mile. 
(Continued  on  page  527.) 


Vol.  n.    No.  1,81 1,  Maii(!1i  lis,  iui:i.  | 


Till';     I'llil'lCTIJK  ,\L     I'lKVlKW. 


nv.) 


POWER    SUPPLY    ON    THF£    RANI). 


On  'I'luirsduy,  IMiin'li  l;5tli,  a  paper  was  read  before  the 
InsLitiiLioii  of  Klectrical  Kii<rineers  on  this  subject,  by  Mr. 
A.  E.  Iladley,  M.I.K.K.,  inanaf,'iiif,'  director  of  the 
\'ictoria  h'alls  and  'I'ransvaal  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  which  was 
formed   at  tlie  end 


orifjinal  jiroposal  liad  been  modified  tl!n>u>;li  (^ivin>(  np  the 
plan  to  Hn|)i)ly  jmrt  of  the  rcpiircmentH  of  the  Kand  with 
power  from  tlie  l''idl.t. 

Tlic  ^reat  demand   for   fxiweron   th( 


of  r.tOCi,  with  the 
object  of  supplying;; 
l)ower  in  Soiitli 
Africa  and  l^ho- 
desia  and  of  !ic(]uir- 
ing  tlic  concessional 
rights  to  develop 
the  \'ictoria  Falls. 
We  give  below  an  ab- 
stract of  the  paper, 
together  with  re- 
productions of  the 
lantern  slides,  for 
the  use  of  which  we 
are  indebted  to  the 
courtesy  of  the 
author. 

Under  the  original  proposal  a  supply  to  the  Rand  was  to 
be  given  partly  by  transmitting  power  from  the  \'ictoria  Falls, 
700  miles  distant,  and  partly  by  steam  generating  stations 
located  on  the  reef.  The  author  became  associated 
with  the  company  shortly  after  its  formation,  and  after  its 


-■■■      -II    ..ll 


lllliir.  37  V 


Fig.  1.— Exteuiou  of  Rosheuvii.i.e  Genei{atin(;  Station. 


Witwaterrtrand  ha.H 
ariw;n  tlirongh  the 
extraorrjiiiarily  suc- 
cessful development 
of  the  golfl  nnnes 
on  the  reef,  which, 
although  only  dis- 
covered in  IHHO, 
now  produce  '■'>'■'>  per 
r«nt.  of  the  world's 
output  of  gold. 
I''urther,  it  is  esti- 
mated by  the  leaders 
of  the  gold-mining 
industry  that  the 
work  of  raising  gold 
will  still  Ix;  in  pro- 
gress on  the  Hand 
100  years  hence. 
Turning  for  a  moment  to  the  history  of  electric 
power  on  the  Rand,  a  few  details  will  be  of  interest.  Siemens 
and  Halske  were  the  first  to  obtain  a  concession  in  1894,  and 
formed  the  Rand  Central  Electric  Works,  Ltd.,  in  181).j, 
which  had  a  plant  aggregating  3,200  Kw.  capacity  in  1906. 


Fig.  2. — Engine  Room  at  Rosherville  Powek  Station. 


Fig.  3. — General  Flax  of  Network  of  the  Victoria  Falls  and  Transvaal  Power  Co. 


520 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  72.   No.  1,844,  march  28,  1913. 


Another  "concession  was  obtained  by  the  simmer  iV-  .lack 
mine  in  18!)7,  from  which  tlie  General  Electric  Tower  Co. 
was  established  in  IDOd  with  plant  having  a  capacity  of 
2,500  Kw.  In  I'JOa  ]\Iessrs.  Lewis  &  ]\Iarks,  having  in 
view  the  possibility  of  supplying  the  Rand  from  their  coal- 
fields at  Vereeniging,  3.')  miles  south,  commenced  obtaining 
way  leaves  for  a  pole  line,  while  certain  Eumpean  manufac- 
turing companies  sent  out  representatives  to  report  on  the 
prospects. 

The  Victoria  Falls  f'o.  ultimately  took  over  the  two  exist- 
ing supply  companies  in  I'.tO?,  and  purchased  the  Vereenig- 
ing wayleaves  from  ^lessrs.  Lewis  &  Marks,  at  the  same  time 
entering  into  an  agreement  with  them  for  the  right  to  estab- 
lish a  power  station  at  Vereeniging.  In  I'.iOT,  pending  the 
installation  of  modern  plant,  a  supply  totalling  1,000  kw. 
was  given  from  the  existing  steam  stations  which  had  been 
purchased. 

As  soon  as  it  was  appreciated  that  a  cheap  power  supply 
was  available  the  mining  groujis  entered  into  contracts  with 


the  comininy,  and  the  demands  for  power  have  since  increased 
so  (puckiy  that  it  has  throughout  been  the  greatest  ditliculty 


^^iJU 

U 

."^QifSHl 

BHT^' — 

HIm^^ 

I             *  ^u.^^1  *'  ^^^^^^H^^w^^*^ 

■bP*^^  'wWiii          -.■'~«*K- 

mrf^^t  •^  r  r*?^^?5^^^^^S55v^SH 

Fu;    4. — Exterior  of  Generating  Station  at  Simmer  Pan. 


Fiti.    5.— TrRIiO-GENERATOB   OF    12,000    K.V.A. 


.i'i'"'i  I'l'v^ii.c^ 


Fio.  6. — Plan  of  Roshebville  Power  Station. 


Fig.  7. — Prat  System  of 
Boiler  Draught. 


for  the  company  to 
raise  capital  and 
install  plant  rapidly 
enough  to  satisfy  the 
demand. 

In  1908  the  largest 
group  of  mines,  viz., 
that  controlled  by  the 
Rand  Mines,  Ltd.,  and 
^Messrs.  Eckstein  & 
Co.,  decided  to  change 
over  their  mines  to 
electric  driving.  In 
addition  to  the 
supply  of  electricity  to 
this  group  of  mines, 
the  conditions  called 
for  the  supply  of 
compressed  air  for 
working  the  rock 
drills. 

The  peak  load  of 
the  combined  under- 
taking has  reached 
.ss,000  KW.,  and  the 
salesaverage  1,35(),000 
units       per      day. 


Vol.72.    No.  l.Kii,  Mauoii  2s,  ii)i:i. 


Til 


K.LECTRF'AL    liEVIKW. 


591 


'riiese  fifrures  indudc  the  hiiIch  of  coinprcKscd  iiirLo  lOiiiiiutH. 
The  air  units  rei)r('8i'iit  pnicbiciiliy  tlu;  Humc  mnoiinl,  of 
energy  as  if  these  10  mines  liad  con\ort(!tl  tlieir  compressors 
to  electric  drive  and  purchased  electricity.    When  the  further 


Nntne 

Total  cftpiicilv  ot 

Blcam  driven 

Kxtcnnionii 

o( 

olootrlo  k'enuralii'K 

air  conipromtorli 

in 

ntation. 

plant  installed. 

installed. 

proKrosn. 

ISrakgian 

Two    :t,000  KW. 

setH 

Simmerpan    ... 

Six     3,000 -KW. 
sets 

— 

— 

Uosherville    ... 

Five  1 0,000- KW. 

Six  :<,500-KW. 

Three  7,000-KW. 

sets 

machines 

steam  -  driven 
air  compressors 

Vereeniging  ... 

FourlO,000-KW. 
sets 

— 

— 

Extensions    in 

— 

— 

Two  10,000- KW. 

1!)13. 

114,000  KW. 

21,000  KW. 

sets 

41,000  KW. 

Total  capacity  of  plant  installed  and  in  progress,  176,000  KW. 

demands  for  power  which  have  already  been  notified  are  met 
by  the  plant  now  on  order,  the  sales  will  reach  i%000,0()0 
units  daily.  The  monthly  load  factor,  based  on  the  hour  of 
maximum  output,  varies  from  70  to  74  per  cent. 


'I'll'   supply  is  furnished  to  uli   ininin^,'  amsniriiTH  at  2,100 
volts  and  !'r2f)  voIUj.     The  necciuary  Bt4.-p-(lown  tntndfornierH 


Fk;.  8. — AiK  Co.MPKiossous  at  Roiiin.hq.n  Centkai.  Deki'. 

and  switchgear  are  provided   by  the   power  company,  while 
the  consumer  supplies  the  sub-station  buildinj^  and  pays  the 


Fui. 


-Interior  of  Simmer  Pan  tiENERATiNG  Station. 


Fk;.  10. — Exterior  op  Generating  Station  at  Vereeniging. 


power  company  a  sum  eijual  to  2  per 
cent,  of  the  power  bill  to  cover  the  losses 
in  the  step-down  transformers. 

The  standard  price  in  mining  con- 
tracts covering  not  less  than  12  years 
is  0"525d.  per  unit,  as  long  as  the 
monthly  load-factor  is  above  70  per 
cent.,  the  load-factor  being  based  on  the 
hour  of  maximum  consumption.  This 
price  is  subject  to  periodical  revision 
depending  upon  the  cost  of  production, 
and  further,  a  participation  with  the 
consumers  in  the  profits  of  the  business 
after  a  due  return  has  been  paid  on 
capital  is  also  provided  for.  In  case 
of  failure  of  supply  the  consumers  are 


522 


THE    KLECTRTCAL    REVIE\V.      ivoi.72.   No.  i,84i,  march  as,  1913. 


entitled  to  a  payment  from  the  power  company  of  7s.  per 
hour  for  eacli   loO-KW.  put  out  of  oomiuission. 

The  introduction  of  tliese  prices  on  tlie  Rand  has  reduced 
tlie  cost  of  power  to  the  mines  by  40  per  cent.,  and  lias 
reduced  the  cost  of  production  of  <rold  by  an  amount  varying 
from  (Id.  to  Is.  per  ton  of  ore  milled.  It  has  further 
resulted  in   considerable   savin?   of  capital  expenditure  on 


Fic  11.— Engine  Room  at  Vereeniginc. 

plant,    which   in   the   case  of  a  new  mine  may  amount  to 
£100,000. 

The  area  over  which  a  power  supply  has  to  be  given  lies 
within  a  strip  about  two  miles  broad  and  stretching 
50  miles  from  east  to  west.  The  total  power  used  by 
the  mines  at  the  present  time  is  estimated  at  about 
400,000  H.P. 

Power  plants  aggregating  nearly  180,000  kw.  have  been 
installed  in,  or  are 
under  construction  for, 
the  stations  enumer- 
ated in  the  table  on 
page  .'(21.  They  are 
set  out  in  the  order  in 
which  they  were  built. 

At  Rebinson  Central 
air  station  there  are 
also  six  electrically- 
driven  air  compressors, 
each  of  S.-'iOO  -  kw. 
capacity. 

At  all  stations  steam 
turbo-electric  genera- 
ting sets  are  employed, 
and  produce  three- 
phase  energy  at  .00 
cycles.  Step-up  trans- 
formers  raise  the 
generator  pressure  to 
40,000,  20,000,  or 
10,000  volts,  and  their 
interposition  gives  ad- 
ditional security  to  the 
machines  against 
pressure  rises.  This 
method,  in  which  the 
generator  voltage  is 
optional,  gives  the 
further  advantage  of  enabling  the  stators 
with  bar  winding  having  one  bar  per  slot. 

The  main  systfjm  of  transmission  (shown  in  fig.  3)  is 
effected  by  means  of  40,000-volt  overhead  lines  stretching 
practically  the  whole  length  of  the  reef.  At  the  present 
time,   however,    the   western    extremity   is    working   as    a 


20,OtiO-volt  distribution  line.  Where  the  load  is  most 
dense  the  transmission  system  consists  of  two  rows  of  towers, 
each  arranged  to  carry  two  circuits  (fig.  I'.i,  p.  524). 

The  40,iiO(i-volt  transmission  system   is  fed  at  IJrakpaii, 
Simmer  Pan,  Roshervilie,  and  at  Robinson  Central,  where 
the  supply  from  the  Vereeniging  station  joins  the  reef.     In 
addition  to  these  distribution  stations  the  transmission  lines 
pass   through   two   further   distributing 
centres   at    Hercules   to   the    east    and 
Rantjes  to  the   west.      From  these  si.x 
points   distribution   networks,    laid    out 
as  ring  mains,  supply  the  various  sub- 
stations   on    the     mines.      The     three 
eastern  distribution  stations  supply  the 
system    through     10,000-volt   overhead 
lines.     The  central  portion  of  the  area 
is    served   by   an  underground   20,000- 
volt  cable  system. 

The  Vereeniging  station  is  connected 
to  the  Rand  by  an  «0,000-volt  line 
approximately  35  miles  long,  terminating 
at  the  Robinson  Central  distribution 
station,  where  the  pressure  is  trans- 
formed to  either  40,000  or  20,000  volts, 
these  pressures  being  also  coupled  to- 
gether through  transformers  aggregating 

li;,0O0   K.V.A. 

All     transmission     and     distribution 
circuits,  with  the  exception  of  the  long- 
distance  HO.OOO-volt  lines,  are  equipped 
with  the   Merz  -  Price    balanced    relay 
system    for   automatic    switch    control, 
without  which  a  reliable  supply  on  the 
ring-main  system   could  not  have  been 
given,  and  the  more  expensive  radial  type 
of  network   would    have    been   necessi- 
tated.    This  balanced  relay  system  is  also  employed  for  the 
protection  of  all  transformers  and  for  the  large  generators. 
The  pilot  wires  for  operating   this  system  on  the  40,000- 
volt  transmission  lines  are  combined  with  telephone  circuits 
in  a  lead-covered  cable  suspended  overhead,  while  on  all  dis- 
tribution networks  ( both  overhead  and  underground )  com- 
bined pilot  and  telephone  cables  are  laid  underground. 
A  special  feature  of  the  lay-out  of  the  telephone  system  is 


Fu;.  12.— Bai'.cock  i:  Wilcox  Boilers  (Marine  Type)  at  Vereeniging. 


to  be  constructed 


the  arrangement  whereby  the  control  of  all  switching  and 
the  control  and  regulation  of  load,  volt<age,  power  factor,  and 
other  operating  conditions,  are  in  the  hands  of  the  control 
department. 

One  control  engineer  or  load  dispatcher  is  responsible  for 
all  routine  switching  and  linking  carried  out  at  any  point 


Vol.72.     No.  l.Kli,  Maimjii  l's,  lyn. 


TiiK    i;i,i;(Ti!i('.\L    i;i:\ii;\v 


628 


on  t,h(!  electrical  sysLeiii  diiriiii,'  InV  j^liifL,  ami  under  Uie 
reguliiLioiiH  no  HVviUrliiii};  eiiii  In-  carricil  out  without  IiIh  eon- 
sent.  The  load  diH[)atelier,  uh  soon  as  any  switehiiifj  has 
boiin  carried  out,  adjusts  a  larj^e  diav^nim  in  the  control  room  so 
that  it  sliows  every  (umnection  on  the  system  (li^'.  1 7,  p.  ^>J  I ). 
When  the  contract  with  the  IJaiid  Mines,  Ltd.,  was  con- 
cluded the  site  for  the  station  was  selected  at  th(!  Uosherville 
Dam,  which  is  the  Inrfrest  lake  on  the  Kami,  'i'his  station 
will  shortly  have  a  capacity  of  nearly  lOo.dOO  k\v.  of  plant 
installed.  After  the  new  extensions  are  completed  the 
turbine  room  will  be  4.')0  ft.  lonj^  and  7;")  ft.  wide,  and  there 


moUly  tin;  sinull  cinil  from  tin-  collieries  in  the  .MiddclhurK 
district  (10  miles  distant,  riiixe<l  with  a  projiortion  of  the 
diilT  [)r()ducwl  by  th(!  coui-ciiltcrH.  The  cwil  haH  an  avcraf?e 
calorifii-  value  of  about   1 1,0')(»  ii.Tll.f.  ]x:r  lb. 

'I'Ik;  larj^'e  penusntii^'c  of  ush,  viz.,  IH  to  L'.'i  per  c«nt, 
of  the  coal,  an<l  tiie  hij,'li  load  factor  at  which  the  plant  in 
operated,  lurcesHituU'd  a  combination  of  boiler,  siip'trheaUT 
and  economiscr  that  would  j^ive  the  hi^^hcHt  |»o(wibl<; 
etliciency  ;  the  lii(,'h  fxwt  of  wliit<;  labour,  and  the  in- 
efliciency  of  that  of  tiie  native,  alsf)  rei|uired  that  the  plant 
should  \)(:  mechanically  ofx.Tated. 


Fig.  1:?. — Control  BoAitn,  \ekkkni(:in(;  Poweu  Station. 


Fig.  1-1. — CoNTKOL  BoAun,  Simmer  Pan  Poweu  Station. 


will  be  five  rijjlit-angle  boiler  bays,  each  containino;  eight 
boilers.     The  general  lay-out  is  shown  in  fig.  6,  p.  520. 

The  coal-storage  arrangements  are  very  complete,  the  coal 
being  discharged  from  a  lieight  of  1 4  ft.  through  the  floors 
of  40-ton  railway  trucks  into  outside  storage  bunkers,  under 
which  coal  conveyors  are  arranged.  The  whole  structure  is 
open,  as  roofing  is  unnecessary,  owing  to  the  favourable 
climatic  conditions. 

The  conveyors,  each  capable  of  dealing  with  40  tons  of 
coal  per  hour,  run  in  tunnels  under  the  external  coal  store, 
and  are  fed  with  coal  by  gravity  through  shoots  from  the 
coal  pile  above.  These  conveyors  are  kept  running  prac- 
tically continuously,  allowing  the  internal  coal  bunkers  in 


In  view  of  these  considerations,  and  the  great  cost  of 
constructional  work  in  South  Africa,  the  injector  system  of 
induced  draught  (fig.  7)  originally  devised  by  ilr.  Prat  has 
been  adopted  in  all  the  power  stations.  The  system  has 
been  found  to  give  the  utmost  satisfaction. 

In  the  lay-out  employed,  adjacent  boiler  units  are  con- 
nected to  a  common  ejector  chimney,  the  top  of  wliich  is 
!)0  ft.  above  the  boiler-house  floor.  An  electrically-driven 
rotary  fan,  capable  of  developing  75  h.p.,  blows  cold  air 
through  the  ejector  situated  in  the  chimney,   thereby  pro- 


FiG.  15. — Bus-bar  Gallebv. 


Fig.  111.— Switch  Gallery. 


the  boiler  house  to  be  of  small  capacity.  An  automatic  tip 
is  fitted  over  the  bunkers,  which  tips  the  conveyor  buckets 
when  the  coal  in  any  particular  bunker  has  fallen  below  a 
certain  level.  Weighing  machines  are  installed  in  the  con- 
veyor tunnels,  and  the  coal  is  weighed  as  it  passes  in  the 
conveyor  buckets. 

The  ashes  are  discharged  from  the  rear  of  the  stokers  into 
hand  trucks  in  the  basement,  where  natives  push  the  loaded 
trucks  out  and  attach  them  to  a  motor-operated  rope  haulage 
leading  to  the  ash  dump.  The  question  of  removing  these 
ashes  by  suction  is  at  present  under  consideration. 

The  class  of  coal  burnt  at  this  and  other  Rand  stations  is 


ducing  the  necessary  suction  in  the  flues,  and  a  draught  of 
about  1  in.  is  usually  employed. 

With  this  arrangement  great  flexibility  in  the  boiler  house 
is  obtained,  and  by  the  use  of  a  torpedo-shaped  damper  in 
the  air  pipe  regulating  the  pressure  of  the  air  jet,  the  duty 
of  the  boiler  unit  can  be  easily  regulated  to  suit  fluctuations 
in  the  load.  The  plant  is  absolutely  smokeless,  and  it  is 
difficult  by  looking  at  the  ejector  chimneys  from  outside  the 
station  to  tell  which  boilers  are  at  work. 

The  boiler  unit  selected  is  the  Rabcook  &  Wilcox  marme 
type,  fitted  with  chain-grate  stokers,  each  having  an  integral 
superheater  and  economiser.     The  boilers  are  arrangetl  in 


524 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIETV, 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,84  1,  March  2s,  1913. 


two  rows  in  each  boiler  house,  witli  a  central  and  common 
firinsr  floor  (fig.  1 2,  p.  522).  Hach  boiler  has  a  rated  capacity 
of  32,000  lb.  of  steam   per   hour  at   a  ])ressiiro  of   22n  Ih. 


Fig.  17.— Load  Dispatchku's  Diaouam. 

with  a  temperature 
of  feed  water  of  1 00 
v.,  and  is  capable 
of  producing  3i^,000 
lb.  vf  steam  witliout 
undue  forcing.  The 
neating  surface  of 
the  boiler  is  .").520 
sq.  ft.,  of  the  super- 
heater 1,720  sq.  ft., 
and  of  the  econo- 
miser  2,200  sq.  ft. 
A  si.x-hour  test  on 
one  of  the  boiler 
units  gave  a  com- 
bined efficiency  of 
boiler,  superheater, 
and  economiser,  of 
80  per  cent. 

'{"he  turbine  room 
(fig.  2)  at  present 
contains  five  turbo- 
generators each  of 
12,000  K.V.A.  (fig. 
5),  and  sLx  steam 
compressors  each 
having  an  input  of 
8,500  KW. :  three 
more  steam  com- 
pressors each  taking  7,030  Kw.  are  also  being  installed. 
The  turbines  are  of  the  A. E.G. -Curtis  horizontal  type,  having 
one  high-pressure  wheel  with  three  rims  of  blades.  The 
admission  pressure  at  the  intake  nozzles  is  brought  down 
from  220  lb.  at  a  temperature  of  300 — 850  C.  to  about 
20  lb.  with  a  superheat  of  about  20  C.  In  the  low-pressure 
portion  of  the  turbine,  the  steam  is  expanded  through 
12  stages.  Both  hand  and  motor  regulation  of  the  speed 
are  arranged  for.  The  total  weight  of  a  12,000-k.v.a. 
turbine  set,  including  condenser  and  pumps,  is  370  tons. 

The  stators  of  each  of  the  si.x-pole  generators  are  bar 
wound,  having  one  bar  per  slot.  The  machines  running  at 
1,000  H.r.M.  produce  50-cycle  three-phase  energy  at  5,000 
volts,  which  is  stepped  up  to  either  10,000,  20,000,  or 
40,000  volts,  l)y  transformers  directly  connected  with  the 
stator  terminals. 

'l"he  rotor  coils  are  lined  with  metal  casings  before  being 
attached  to  the  rotor  by  dovetailed  grooves  and  wedges. 
The  rotor  carries  a  ventilating  fan  at  each  end.  The 
frequent  dust  storms  in  South  Africa  charge  the  air  with 
heavy  particles  which  might  prove  dangerous  in  the  ventila- 
tion of  the  machines,  consequently  each  machine  is  provided 
with  an   air  filter  having  an  effective  surface  of  fireproof 


Fkj.  is.— Lightning  Abkesters  at  Rosiierville. 


cloth  of  8,000  sq.  ft.  Each  turbine  set  is  provided  with  a 
direct-driven  e.xciter,  while  a  stand-by  supply  is  also  available 
from  a  motor-generator  and  battery. 

The  condensers  have  a  cooling  surface  of  17,750  sq.  ft.  ; 
each  set  has  a  centrifugal  circulating  pump  of  about  (;()3,000 
gallons  per  hour  capacity,  and  a  centrifugal  air  pump,  both 
connected  on  one  shaft  and  driven  direct  by  a  steam  turbine. 
'I'lie  exhaust  from  the  auxiliary  turbine  is  taken  to  the 
middle  stage  of  tlie  main  turbine,  where  the  remaining 
energy  in  the  steam  is  utilised  down  to  the  vacuum  of  the 
condenser. 

The  water  for  the  condensers  and  comjiressor  jackets  is 
taken  from  the  lake  through  a  channel  excavated  along  the 
front  of  the  station,  and  is  discharged  into  a  second  canal 
placed  alongside  the  intake  ;  this  canal  delivers  the  warm 
water  to  the  lake  at  a  point  as  far  from  the  intake  as 
possible.  Under  normal  conditions  of  water  levels  the  intake 
water  flows  by  gravity  into  the  service  canal,  but  in  order  to 
deal  with  periods  when  the  water  in  the  lake  may  be  low,  a 
pumping  station  has  been  erected  half-way  along  the  dam 
wall  at  the  deepest  part  of  the  lake. 

The  boiler  feed  pumps  are  of  the  turbine-driven  centrifugal 
type,  and  are  installed  in  the  turbine  room.  With  the 
exception  of  certain  electrically-driven  bearing-cooling  pumps, 
all  auxiliaries  are  turbine-driven. 

The  generator  transformers  are  connected  by  cables  to 
their  corresponding  generators,  and  are  each  of  12,500-k.v.a. 

capacity.  Where 
larger  transformers 
have  been  required, 
as  for  the  last  two 
sets  at  Vereeniging, 
two  transformers 
for  each  machine 
have  been  installed. 
The  transformers  at 
iiosherville  are  of 
the  shell  type  and 
water  -  cooled,  the 
windings  nearest 
the  terminals  being 
specially  insulated  to 
withstand  between 
adjacent  turns  a 
pressure  of  25,000 
volts  for  5  minutes. 
A  test  pressure  of 
liKi.OOo  volts  was 
applied  to  the  whole 
of  the  windings. 
The  weight  of  each 
transformer  com- 
plete, without  oil,  is 
5(1  tons:  the  oil  it- 
self weighs  21  tons. 


1 

f 

■    i- 

^w 

liM 

Fig 


19.— DoLBLE  Tower  Line  at  80,000  volt.s,  and 

CONSTBUCTION   CaMP. 


Vol. 


No.  l.Hii,  March  1!h,  I 'Jin. 


THE    RTiECTRI(!AL    UKVIF.W. 


5'25 


Tli(^  sLoiiiii  liii-bo-coiiiprcHHorH  sit,  Ifoslicrvillc  arc  .siiiiiliir  to 
tlic  inoLor-drivcii  coriiiircHHois  at  l.'oljiimoii  ("(uiLnil,  and  are 
caoh  (lcsij,'ri(!d  In  deal  wiUi  l'l', (»()(»  d).  It.  of  free  air  per 
iiiiiiute  with  an  outlet  pressure  of  '.i  atniospliere.s  (almolute). 
'I'lie  i)()\ver  re<|uired  on  tlui  shaft  is,  rouf^ddy,  ^..''lOO  k\v.  In 
tlie  ease  of  ele(!trieally-(Iriveu  sets  at  K()l)insoii  ('(antral  eacli 
unit  is  divided  into  two  halves  on  separate  shafts,  ea(;h  motor 
havinn;  a  eapaeity  of  about  2,i»()(t  k.v.a.,  and  heiti^'  desifjiied 
to  o|)crate  at  full  load  at  a  leadin<i;  power  factor  of  K.'')  per 
cent.  The  sets  run  at  :i,00()  it.r.M.  The  steam-driven 
compressors  are  arranged  in  two  sections  on  the  same  sliaft, 
with  an  intereooler  between  tliem.  Th(!  coolinf,'  water 
recpiircd  for  the  jac'kets  of  the  compicssor  and  intereooler 
amounts  to  about  10, (too  gallons  per  liour.  The  air  leaves 
tiie  compressor  at  a  temi)eraturc  of  about  70   C 

Between  the  compressor  and  the  pipe  line  an  automatic 
non-return  valve  is  fitted,  which  allows  a  eomprcFsor  to  drop 
out  to  atinosj)here  when  its  pressure  falls  l)elow  that  of  the 
air  system. 

By  the  use  of  the  rotary  compressors  tlie  air  enterinfj  the 
pipe  system  is  kept  entirely  free  from  oil  and  otiier  impurities 
liable  to  be  introduced  into  the  air  system  when  piston  com- 
pressors arc  employed.  The  speed  regulation  of  the  steam 
turbo-compressors  is  automatically  controlled  by  the  pressure 
in  the  air  pipes.  The  regulation  of  the  electrically-driven 
compressors  at  Robinson  Central  is  en'ected  by  throttling  the 
intake.  The  weight  of  a  turbine-driven  compressor,  con- 
denser, and  pumps  is  IHO  tons. 

The  switchgear  is  laid  out  in  a  building  at  the  southern 
end  of  the  station,  and  the  step-up  transformers  arc  in  cubicles 
arranged  along  the  outer  side  of  the  switch-house.  The  last- 
mentioned  is  constructed  with  four  floors  :  the  upper  floor 
contains  the  lightning-arrester  gear,  the  third  floor  the  bus- 
bars, the  second  floor  the  40,000  and  i'0,000-volt  oil 
switches,  whilst  the  lower  floor  is  occupied  with  cableways 
and  pipe  passages.  Duplicate  bus-bars  are  installed  for  both 
the  40,000  and  20,000-volt  systems,  the  various  oil  switches 
being  provided  with  knife  selector  switches  to  connect  to 
either  bus-bar.  The  40,000  and  20,000-volt  systems  are 
connected  together  through  coupling  transformers.  The 
switches  consist  of  three  single-phase  coujiled  switches 
operated  from  a  remote-control  board  (see  figs.  13-1(!). 

Since  the  Rosherville  station  came  into  commercial  service, 
troubles  have  been  experienced  owing  to  failures  of  switches 
on  short-circuit.  When  the  Brakpan  and  Simmerpan 
stations  were  started  to  supply  the  40,000-volt  transmission 
and  also  the  10,000-volt  local  lines,  their  total  capacity  was 
24,000  KW.,  and  no  trouble  was  experienced  when  a  short- 


DyiiiimoH  nniiiing  at  ii  hixh  K[>eod  have  u  low  internal 
reactance.  The  hU;p-down  trunHforiiierH  in  the  present  am: 
were  d(!Hign(;d  with  a  Ioa'  reaclantx"  to  ^ive  k^kxI  re((iilation, 
HO  tliat  probably  the  lottil  rcactanc*;  in  <;ir(;uit  on  a  nhort- 
circuit  was  about  7  or  H  jjcrccnt.  The  momentary  runh  of 
energy  on  short-circuit  could  therefore  reach  the  IremendouH 
[iroportions  of  .'lOO.OOO — 700,000  KW.  Xo  oil  HwiU;h,  us  at 
juesent  designed,  could  interrupt  thiH  rush  of  power  un- 
aHsisted.     The  intensely  hot  gases  formed  by  the  arc,  after 


Fig.  20. — Lightning  Arkestees,  &c.,  at  end  of  80,000-volt  Line. 


circuit  occurred  on  the  system.  When,  by  the  addition  of 
Rosherville,  the  system  grew  to  (iO,000  and  70,000-k\v. 
capacity,  switch  breakdowns  occurred,  conclusively  proving 
that  no  apparatus  was  available  which  could  be  relied  upon 
to  interrupt  the  immense  rush  of  current  occurring  on  short- 
circuit. 

Some  serious  line  interruptions  have  in  the  past  been 
caused  by  the  wilful  throwing  of  bare  wires  over  the  lines. 
When  this  form  of  short-circuit  has  occurred  near  a  power 
station,  apparatus  has  usually  been  lost. 


Fig.  21.— Oveuhe.U)  Line  at  lO.oOO  Volts. 

rising  through  the  oil,  come  into  contact  with  the  air  and 
cause  an  explosion,  which,  more  often  than  not,  is  productive 
of  a  switch  failure. 

About  the  time  that  this  trouble  became  apparent  on  the 
Rand,  exactly  the  same  ditticulty  was  being  experienced  on 
stations  of  similar  large  output  in  America,  and  the  problem 
was  vigorously  tackled  over  there.  Many  methods  have  been 
tried  at  Niagara,  Chicago,  and  other  places,  and  it  has 
become  generally  recognised  that  it  is  necessary  to  insert 
additional  reactances  in  order  to  limit  the  rush  of  energy  on 
short-circuit.  In  certain  cases  this  pre- 
caution has  proved  entirely  satisfactory. 
In  others  additional  methods  for  assist- 
ing the  oil  switch  have  been  necessary  : 
such  as  (1)  sectionalising  the  system  on 
to  separate  bus-bars  and  limiting  the 
amount  of  machinery  that  would  be 
affected  by  one  short-circuit  :  (2)  the 
placing  of  two  switches  in  series  timed 
so  that  one  opens  first  and  inserts  a  non- 
inductive  resistance,  the  circuit  being 
actually  broken  by  the  second  switch  : 
(3)  the  use  of  a  special  type  of  switch 
having  two  moving  systems,  one  of 
which  first  introduces  reactances,  and 
the  other  then  breaks  the  circuit. 

These  methods  have  been  tried  on  the 
Rand.  The  earthing  of  the  neutral 
through  a  resistance  has  proved  most 
valuable,  as  more  than  OO  per  cent,  of 
the  faults  start  as  faults  to  earth.  At 
Rosherville  and  Vereeniging  reactances 
having  a  value  of  about  (!  per  cent,  have  been  installed 
between  the  dynamos  and  the  step-up  transformers.  The 
latest  practice  is  to  design  both  generators  and  transformers 
recjuired  for  power  service  with  large  internal  reactances. 

At  Vereeniging  and  at  the  Rand  end  of  the  80,000-volt 
line  two  systems  of  switching  have  been  installed.  On  the 
first  two  Vereeniging  machines  two  switches  are  employed 
in  series,  one  introducing  a  non-inductive  resistance  ;  while 
on  the  last  two  machines,  both  of  which  have  not  yet  been 
put  into  service,  a  two-movement  reactance  switch  is  being 


626 


Tin-:    ELECTRICATi    REVIEW.     [Voi.  72.   No.  i,8n,  mabch  28,  1913. 


installed.     This  switch  is  constructed  on  the  lines  of  an  oil- 
break  switch,  but  is  provided  with  a  second  pair  of  contacts 


Fig.  22.— Section  of  Standard  Tvpe  ok  Conscmeks' 
suh-st.vtion. 

for  the  final  break.  The  separation  of  the  tirst  pair  of 
contacts  introduces  two  reactances  placed  centrally  one  on 
each  terminal  bushing  inside  the  oil  tank,  and  the  second 
pair  of  contacts  liually  breaks  the  circuit. 


Fig.  23. 


-Distribution  Station  at  Ba^nt.ies  Fed  fkoji 
40,000-vOLT  Overhead  Line. 


The  standard  sizes  of  consumers' transformers  are  1,000, 
.")0()  and  2o0  K.V.A.,  designed  with  the  primary  windings 
arranged  for  either  20,000  or  10,000  volts.  A  temperature 
rise  of  40  C.  is  allowed  above  an  air  temperature  of  40"  C. 
The  windings  near  the  outgoing  terminals  will  stand  a 
pressure  of  1"),000  volls  between  adjacent  turns.  The 
high-tension  windings  are  tested  to  the  secondary  windings 
and  core  with  a  pressure  of  40,000  volts,  and  the  insulators 
with  ()0,000  volts.  The  transformers  have  been  supplied 
by  ^fes-srs.  Siemens,  the  Allgemeine  Elektricitiits  (iesellschaft, 
and  the  AVestinghouse  Co. 

The  transformers  are  exported  filled  with  oil,  thereby 
reducing  the  cost  of  transport  and  dispensing  with  the 
necessity  of  drying  out  after  erection.  In  order  to  allow 
for  the  expansion  and  contraction  of  tlie  oil  each  trans- 
former tank  is  connected  with  a  second  smaller  tank  fixed  on 
the  wall  of  the  sub-station.  This  expansion  tank  is  fitted  with 
a  vertical  vent-pipe,  so  that  only  a  small  surface  of  oil  is  in 
contact  with  the  air.  and  by  this  means  sludging  is  pre- 
vented. Each  sub-station  chamber  has  a  short  stack,  which 
induces  a  natural  draught  and  provides  effectual  ventila- 
tion. Double  bus-bars  are  provided  for  each  voltage.  The 
high-tension  and  low-tension  switchgear  in  each  sub-station  is 
arranged  in  different  chambers  with  a  central  operating  pass- 
age between  containing  no  "live"  material.  'I'he  "live" 
chambers  are  locked,  and  stringent  regulations  as  to  the 
possession  of  the  keys  ensure  that  no  unauthorised  person 
can  obtain  access;  in  no  case  is  one  man  allowed  to 
enter  alone.  The  total  capacity  of  the  transformers 
in  operation,  including  generator  transformers  and  coup- 
ling transformers,  is  unusually  large,  amounting  at  the  present 
time  to  -ir)0,000  k.v.a.  ;  but  this  will  be 
increased  to  50S,(;00  k.v.a.  when  the 
transformers  delivered  and  on  order  are 
brought  into  commission. 

The  company  realise  the  importance  of 
welfare  work  and  its  influence  on  the 
conditions  of  the  life  of  the  staff.  They 
give  a  generous  support  to  recreation 
and  sport,  and  facilitate  in  every  way  the 
promotion  of  social  intercourse  among 
all  classes  of  the  employes. 

Some  i;0  residences  and  quarters  ha\  e 
been  built  by  the  company  at  the  various 
power  stations,  and  at  each  station  a 
boarding  house  and  i-ecreation  rooms  are 
provided.  Generally  speaking,  the  con- 
ditions of  life  compare  very  favourably 
with  those  of  an  engineer  on  the  mines. 
A  fleet  of  14  motor-cars  is  maintained 
in  constant  service  for  the  use  of 
those  officers  and  engineers  of  the 
company  whose  duties  necessitate  visiting 
the  different  parts  of  the  system.  A 
special  department  handles  the  entire 
transport  of  materials,  and  employs  con- 
stantly two  motor-lorries  and  50  mules 
and  horses. 


At  some  early  date  the  system  will  also  be  sectionalised  in 
order  to  reduce  the  rush  of  power  on  short-circuit,  and  in 
doing  so  reactances  of  relatively  large  value  can  be  inserted 
between  sections  in  those  cases  where  it  is  not  economical 
to  separate  adjacent  sections  permanently. 

This  problem  of  switchgear  for  dealing  with  enormous 
rushes  of  power  has  proved  one  of  the  most  difficult  that  has 
l)een  encountered  so  far  on  the  Hand  and  also  in  America. 
It  has  not  yet  been  finally  solved,  nor  have  switches  been 
standardised  which  are  capable  of  dealing  unassisted  with 
these  exceptionally  severe  service  conditions.  These  remarks 
on  switchgear  apply  not  only  to  the  central  stations,  but  also 
to  the  distribution  stations,  and  in  a  less  degree  to  the 
consumers'  suli-stations. 

The  electrical  supply  at  2,000  volts  and  bbO  volts  to  the  con- 
sumers' premises  iseftected  from  step-down  transformer  stations, 
which  are  built  by  the  consumers,  but  are  equipped  with  switch- 
gear  and  transformers  by  the  power  company  (fig.  22 ).  There 
are  GO  of  these  consumers'  sub-stations  connected  to  the 
system,  and  their  individual  aipacity  varies  from  10,000  k.v.a. 
to  2,000  k.v.a.,  the  normal  size  being  5,000  k.v.a. 




Jgfp 

*■■ 

JH 

5f 

MMW!^.!s? 

S^^!IP|^^HH 

Fig.  24.— Sun  station  Fed  with  rNnEK(jB0UND  Mains. 


[Further   extracts  from  the  paper  will  be    found  under 
Proceedings  of  Institutions,"  page  ')'dx.'] 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,Hl  I,  Mauoii  2.S,  191M. ) 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


r,2l 


NOTES. 


{('ontiiiiird  from   /im/r  .MM.) 

Institution  and   Lecture  Notet>.— ('onckkik   i.s.sii- 

TUTi;.  — On  ThurHiiay,  March  liilh,  a  paper  won  read  by  Mr.  H.  (I. 
.lohnson,  on  "The  Strenifth  of  Cement;  KchuUh  of  TohIh  on  Ifi 
difTeront  HraiidH  UHcd  in  Paste,  Mortar  and  (.'onnrote." 

InSIITI'TION   ()!'•   Kl.KCniUCAL    KN(iINKEHS  (\Vk.'<tkun   Skction). 

The  annual  moetincr  of  the  Section  was  held  on  March  10th, 
at  the  .South  Waks  EnffincerH'  InBtitiitc,  Cardiff,  Mr.  W.  A. 
Champn  prexidiiiu-.  The  chairman  reviewed  at  lenirth  the  work 
carried  o\it  by  the  Section  Bince  itH  inaucruration  in  March 
last  year,  and  expret-sed  gratification  at  the  incrcaHC  in  the  roll 
of  memberwhip.  Il-;  congratulated  the  Section  upon  itH  new 
chairman  (Mr.  II.   Faraday  Proctor),   and    its  vice-chairman   (Mr. 

D.  E.  Roberts,  Carditt).  The  chuirman  announced  that  .Mr.  Arthur 
Ellis,  Cardiff,  had  had  to  resijirn  his  seat.  The  followinfr  were 
elected  on  the  Committee  :— Messrs.   II.  D.  Munro,  A.  J.  Newman, 

E.  G.  Okell,  A.  B.  Randall,  Prof.  I).  Uobertson,  W.  A.  Siott,  F. 
Tremain.  After  the  general  meeting,  a  discussion  on  Mr.  Sydney  F. 
Walker's  paper  on  the  use  of  "  High-tension  Continuous  Current 
on  the  Thury  System  in  Mines,"  was  held.  Owing  to  the  absence 
of  the  author  through  ill-Iiealth,  the  secretary  (Mr.  Sidney  IJ. 
Ilaslam)  read  an  alistract  on  his  behalf,  and  after  further  remarks 
from  the  chairman,  the  discussion  was  adjourned  until  a  special 
meeting  to  be  held  on  April  14th,  in  Cardiff. 

(.Yorkshire  Section!— On  Wednesday,  an  informal  paper  by 
Mr.  Thos.  Roles  on  "  Electric  Heating  and  Cooking  '  was  read  at 
Sheffield.     A  discussion  followed. 

RoYAi.      Institution.  —  The      following      arrangements     are 
announced  :  — 
Fridai/x.— 

April  4th,  at  9  p.m. — "  The  Spectroscope'  in  Organic  Chemistry," 
by  Dr.  J.  .1.  Dobbie,  F.U.S. 

April  18th,  at  '.•  p.m. — "Applications  of  Polarised  Light  (with 
experiments),"  by  Dr.  T.  Martin  Lowry,  F.R.S. 

May  23rd,  at  9  p.m.  -''  The  Secret  of  the  Permanent  Magnet,"  by 
Prof.  S.  P.  Thompson,  F.R.S. 

June  6th,  at  9  p.m. — "  Reflection  and  Refraction  of  Light  as  Con- 
cealing and  Revealing  Factors  in  Sub-Aquatic  Life,"  by 
Dr.  Francis  Ward. 
Thursdaij  Affi-riKni/i  Lfcturcs. 

May  22nd  and  29th  and  June  5th,  at  3  o'clock. — Three  lectures 
by  Prof.  W.  J.  Pope,  F.R.S.,  on  "Recent  Chemical 
Advances  :  (1)  Molecular  Architecture  ;  (2)  Chemistry  in 
Space  ;  (3)  The  Structure  of  Crystals  "—experimentally 
illustrated. 
Salurduij  Lectures. — 

May  lOth  and  17th. — Two  lectures  by  Mr.  H.  A.  Humphrey  on 
''  Humphrey  Internal-Combustion  Pumps.' 

May  24th,  3l8t,  and  June  7th. — Three  "  Tyndall "  lectures  by 
Prof.  E.  Rutherford  on  "Radioactivity''  :  (1)  The  Alpha 
Rays  and  their  Connection  with  the  Transformations;. 
(2)  The  Origin  of  the  Beta  and  Gamma  Rays  and  the  Con- 
nection Between  Them  ;  (3)  The  Radio-Active  State  of 
the  Earth  and  Atmosphere. 

Eltftric    Stoves    for    Canada.  — II. IM.    Trade   Ccm- 

missioner  for  Canada  reports  that  a  firm  in  Winnipeg  is  desirous 
of  getting  into  communication  with  United  Kingdom  manufacturers 
of  electric  stoves  who  may  wish  to  do  business  in  Winnipeg  and  the 
surrounding  districts. — Board  of  Trade  Journal. 

New    Hydro  -  Electric    Works    in    Italy.  —  Several 

important  schemes  are  proposed  to  be  carried  out  in  the  near  future. 
In  the  first  place,  a  Government  concession  is  shortly  to  be  granted 
to  the  Societa  per  le  Forze  Idrauliche  della  Sila,  which  is  an  inves- 
tigation company  formed  by  the  Banca  Commerciale.  the  Italian 
Southern  Railway,  the  Societa  Meridionale  di  Elettricita,  and  the 
Socio  ('  Franco-Suisse  of  Geneva.  The  concession  relates  to  the 
onsf  ruction  of  damsand  hydro-electric  works  in  tlie  Sila  mountain 
ranne,  where  there  are  heavy  rainfalls,  followed  by  periods  of 
drought,  s-j  that  the  water  falls  very  irregularly.  It  is  proposed  to 
construct  four  dams  eventually,  of  which  two  are  to  be 
built  at  first,  and  the  total  power  available  is  estimated  at 
150,000  H.P.  Av.  however,  no  demand  exists  for  such 
a  large  amount  of  power  in  this  thinly  populated  dis- 
trict, which  has  few  industries,  the  company  intends  first 
to  proceed  with  plant  of  50,000  h.p.,  and  the  energy  will  be 
used  partly  for  the  local  production  of  carbide  of  calcium  and 
partly  for  distribution  over  Calabria,  Basilikata.  and  a  portion  of 
Apulia,  by  means  of  a  network  about  200  mOes  in  length.  The 
capital  required  for  this  provisional  scheme  ranges  from  £l,(i00,000 
to  £?. 000,000,  and  it  will  be  raised  by  the  four  promoting  com- 
panies previously  mentioned.  A  feature  of  the  scheme  is  that  by 
the  adoption  of  a  suitably  arranged  hydraulic  system  it  will  be 
possible  to  protect  the  districts  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  from 
drought  on  the  one  hand,  and  inundations  on  the  other.  A 
second  project  refers  to  Sardinia,  where  a  hydro-electric  pro- 
posal is  also  associated  with  an  improvement  in  the 
agricultural  land.  It  is  intended  to  dam  the  River 
Tirso,  and  a  yield  of  15,000  h.p.  is  expected.  The 
p3wer  is  to  be  utilised  in  the  local  mine.",  and  the  water  will  be 
also  used  for  the  purposes  of  irrigation.  The  expenditure  will  be 
defrayed  partly  by  the  State  and  partly  by  other  interests.  A 
third  scheme  is  that  of  the  Societa  Ligure  Toscana  di  Elettricita,  of 
Leghorn,  which  is  erecting  a  new  power  station  of  15,000  H.P.  on 
the  Serchio  River,  in  the  Ligurian  Apennines.     The  supply  will  be 


(ixtoiidcd  to  Piiit4<ltt  ami  I'lorniioe,  bad  thn  vahA.  of  thn  nnw  utAtiun 
iH  to  \n\  provided  for  by  rftiNinir  the  oompan/'n  capital  from  H',().()(X) 
U>  £1;  10,000. 

The    Siemens    Smoker.— The    Kiti^'n    Hull    at    the 

Holborn  RcHtaurunt  wan  wi-ll  tilled  on  Wwlnfwlay,  March  I'Jth,  on 
the  occaition  of  the  SicnumM  nmokini;  concert.  U)  which  we  made 
preliminary  r«fer<'iic<-  in  our  irwun  of  February  2-th.  Mr.  Alexander 
SiomenH  wut  in  the  chair  and  (favc  wordM  of  welrxjme  Ui  the  verjr 
large  number  of  fricndx  of  the  Hiemcnii  companien  who  were 
privileged  to  enjoy  the  excellent  entertainment  and  to  partake  of  the 
hospitality  which  had  lieen  prepared.  The  artintco  were  an  follow* 
Miss  Annie  Bartle,  soprano  ;  Mim  Olivo  Fox.  comedienne  at  the 
piano  ;  Mr.  Ivor  Waltt^rs,  tenor  ;  Mr.  Thoman  Howell,  baritone  ;  Mr. 
Oily  Oakley,  banjoist  ;  Mr.  Bromley  Carter,  humorint  ;  Mr.  Will 
Edwards,  humorist  ;  Mr.  Ernest  HantingH  inuxical  Hketchex  :  Mr. 
Jock  Walker,  Scotch  humorist.  Mr.  Manndl  .Stevens  was  acxim-. 
panist.  and  Mr.  George  Lakeman  acted  hm  musical  direct<ir.  Mr 
Harry  Gooding's  Imperial  Orchestra  playc<l  a  numl>er  of  seloctionB 
from  7.30  until  8  o'clock,  and  alHO  during  the  interval.  The  event 
was  declared  by  all  to  have  been  a  huge  sacceae. 

Parliamentary. — Ei.Kcrmf  liK.iiT  Tl.wt  C«».vti(a<t. — 

In  the  House  of  Commons,  March  17th,  Mr.  Toache  attked  the 
representative  of  the  First  Commiesioner  of  Works  to  state  where 
the  contract  for  the  equipment  of  the  British  Legation  in  Pekin 
with  electric  generating  plant,  ice-making  plant  and  other  thingn 
was  placed,  and  if  he  would  state  the  amount  of  the  contract  and 
whether  it  was  given  to  a  German  firm.  Mr.  Benn  replied  that  the 
contract  in  question  was  placed  amongst  British  firms,  with  MeaarH. 
Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Caxton  House,  Westminster.  The 
amount  of  the  contract  was  £11,572  lOs.  -Further  questioned  by 
Mr.  Touche  as  to  whether  the  hon.  member  was  aware  that  Messrs. 
Siemens  Bros,  was  a  purely  German  firm.  Mr.  Benn  said  that  on 
the  contrary,  the  firm  was  a  British  one. 

Second  Readi.vgs  In  the  House  of  Commons  on  March  17th. 
the  following  were  read  a  second  time  : — Chesterfield  Corporation 
Railless  Traction  Bill,  and  Cleveland  and  Durham  County  Electric 
Power  Bill. 

I.E.E.    Students'    Electric    Dinner. — The    informal 

Electric  Dinner  held  by  the  I.E.E.  Students  last  Friday  evening,  in 
the  West  Room  of  Tricity  House,  was  an  unprecedented  success. 
The  attendance  numbered  nearly  60,  the  West  Room  being  packed 
to  its  utmost  capacity.  Among  the  toasts  may  be  mentioned  those 
of  "Electric  Cooking"  and  "Point-Five  Juice."  The  former  was 
proposed  in  a  very  breezy  speech  by  Mr.  S.  M.  Hills  (the  author  of 
a  recent  Students'  Section  paper  on  "  Electrical  Heating  and  Cook- 
ing Apparatus  "),  and  Mr.  C.  H.  Smith,  of  Marylebone,  responded 
in  a  more  technical  vein.  The  latter  was  proposed  by  Mr.  G.  W.  P. 
Page,  and  received  a  humorous  response  by  Mr.  J.  Mould.  Between 
the  toasts  Slessrs.  S.  G.  Killingback,  R.  E.  Dickinson,  W.  V.  Zolmer, 
and  H.  K.  Whitehorn  contributed  items  to  the  musical  programme 
with  much  success.  On  the  whole,  the  chairman,  Mr.  J.  C.  Rennie, 
is  to  be  heartily  congratulated  upon  the  great  success  which 
attended  the  first  All-Electric  Dinner  of  the  I.E.E.  Students. 

South  America. — According  to  La  Eledrkidnd.  of 
Buenos  Ayres,  activity  in  electric  enterprise  is  very  great  in  all 
that  section  of  South  America.  The  municipality  of  Anchorena,  in 
the  province  of  San  Luis,  has  decided  to  establish  an  electric 
lighting  service.  The  civic  authorities  of  La  Paz,  in  the  province 
of  Entre  Rios,  are  similarly  disposed,  and  the  Comision  de  Fomento, 
of  Carcarana,  in  the  province  of  San  Lorenzo,  was  considering 
tenders  for  the  installation  of  an  electric  light  and  power  service 
on  March  8th,  while  in  the  province  of  Buenos  Ayres  the  authori- 
ties of  Pilar  have  begun  the  preliminaries  for  the  introduction  of 
the  modern  illuminant,  and  the  installation  at  Trenqne  Lauquen  is 
expected  to  be  completed  in  the  course  of  a  month  or  two.  A  start 
has  also  been  made  with  the  installation  at  Pico.  As  will  already 
have  been  seen  from  our  "'Contracts  Open"  column,  in  the  Federal 
capital  the  Minas,  Geologia  and  Hidrologia  Department  of  the 
Ministry  of  Agriculture  is  inviting  tenders  for  motors,  cables, 
dynamos  and  accessories  for  a  power  installation.  Furthermore, 
according  to  the  same  journal,  Herr  Mauro  Herlitzka,  of  the  firm  of 
the  same  name,  has  returned  to  South  .America,  having  secured 
capital  for  new  and  important  electrical  schemes. 

Appointments   Vacant.— Meter    tester-repairer  (30s.), 

and  switchboard  attendant  (25s.),  for  the  Harrow  Electric  Light 
and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.  ;  arc  lamp  trimmer,  jointer  and  meter  fixer, 
for  the  Stoke-on-Trent  Corporation  ;  charge  engineer  for  the 
Burgh  Electricity  Department,  Paisley  ;  mains  superintendent  for 
the  Islington  B.C.  Electricity  Department  (£200).  See  our  adver- 
tisement pages  in  this  issue. 

Illuminating;    Engineering;.  —  An  e.xhibition  of  the 

latest  improvements  in  electric  illumination  and  other  devices 
was  held  in  Xewcastle-onTyne  on  17th  inst.,  having  been 
organised  by  the  British  ThosisonHucsto.n  Co.,  of  Rugby.  The 
object  of  the  show,  as  described  by  M"-.  H.  C.  Wheat,  the  company's 
illuminating  engineer,  was  to  illustrate  the  fact  that  many  existing 
installations  are  deficient  and  lacking  in  hygienic  principles,  and 
that  a  common  failure  to  get  better  results  is  due  to  the  fact  that 
so  few  persons  understand  the  proper  method  of  utilising  reflectors. 
Demonstrations  were  given  to  show  the  increased  efficiency  obtained 
by  the  proper  use  of  reflectors.  In  the  evening  Mr.  Wheat  delivered 
a  lecture  on  "  Illuminating  Engineering."  which  was  illustrated  by 
lantern  slides. 

Inquiry. — A  correspondent  inquires  for  the  makers  of 
a  substitute  for  slate  known  as  "  Sindanyo  Asbestos  Wood." 


528 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  n.  No.  i,844,  maech  28,  1913. 


Annaal  Dinner.  —  The  fifth  annual  Staff  Dinner 
of  the  South  Metropolitan  Kleotric  Li^ht  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd., 
was  held  on  19th  inst.  at  the  Trafalgar  Hotel,  East  Greenwich, 
the  chair  being  taken  by  the  manaeioer  director  and  engineer-in- 
chief,  Mr.  Henry  W.  Bowden.  After  the  usual  toaets  of  "  The  King  "' 
and  "  The  Company  "  had  been  duly  honoured,  and  the  chairman 
had  given  a  brief  r,:tume  of  the  year's  work  of  the  company,  the 
evening  was  concluded  with  a  social  programme  and  whist  drive. 

Fatality. — A  correspondent  states  that  (ieorgc  Cochrane, 
electrical  engine-man,  at  Calderbank  Colliery,  Uddingston,  who 
took  great  delight  in  having  flowers  and  plants  in  his  engine 
house,  was  setting  a  window  box  in  position,  when  he  fell  over  a 
etair-rail  and  was  killed. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

Jhf  Editor*  invite  electrical  engineertk,  whether  connected  with  the 
technical  or  the  commercial  fide  of  the  profession  and  industry, 
also  electric  travivcay  and  railway  o/K rials,  to  heep  readers  of  the 
Elbctbical  Review  posted  as  to  their  movements. 


Central     Station     Ofiicials. — There    was     ijuite    a 

lengthy  discnst-ion  at  the  Carlisle  Town  Council  meet- 
ing, when  the  proposal  to  fix  the  salary  of  a  successor  to 
Me.  S,  T.  Ai.i.EN,  the  electrical  engineer  (who  goes  to  Wolver- 
hampton), at  £500,  be  to  be  debarred  from  private  practice  and  from 
taking  pupils,  was  forward.  There  were  two  amendments  moved 
by  parties  who  thought  the  amount  too  large  for  a  commencing 
salary,  £350  and  £100  being  favoured.  The  original  rf  commendation 
was  a  iinanimons  one  on  the  part  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Com- 
mittee, but  the  Council  meeting  was  markedly  divided  on  the 
amendments,  there  being  10  in  favour  of  £400  and  1.5  against. 
Eventually  the  recommendation  was  adopted.  In  the  course  of  the 
discussion,  high  praise  was  given  to  Mr.  Allen  for  the  manner  in 
which  he  had  brought  the  undertaking  from  a  non-paying  to  a 
paying  condition  by  reason  of  his  great  business  aptitude  and 
engineering  skill.  The  speaker  said  that  had  they  been  a  private 
undertaking,  they  would  not  have  let  him  go  without  offering  him 
£l,00o  per  aimum.  His  salary  of  t  r,00  had  only  been  a  commencing 
one  and  he  had  been  promised  a  long  way  beyond  that  figure.  With 
the  exception  of  the  appointment  of  the  Town  Clerk,  this  was  the 
most  intricate  appointment  of  the  City. 

The  A'istralitut  Mining  Standard  says  that  Mu.  W.  H.  Vincest, 
who  has  been  electrical  engineer  in  the  works  branch  of  the  Home 
Affairs  Department,  Melbourne,  at  £So0  a  year,  has  been  appointed 
chief  electrical  engineer  to  the  Brisbane  Electric  Light  Co.,  at 
£t>00  a  year. 

Mr.  E.  G.  Baker,  mains  assistant  to  theTynemouth  undertaking, 
has  been  appointed  to  a  similar  position  with  the  Motherwell 
Corporation. 

The  Stoke  Newington  B.C.  has  approved  of  the  salary  of  Mr.  S. 
Hann,  electrical  engineer,  being  advanced  by  £20.  Councillor  Lavey 
said  that  the  electricity  department  was  increasing  by  leaps  and 
bounds.  Mr.  Hann  had  saved  the  Council  much  money  since  it  had 
dispensed  with  the  services  of  the  consulting  engineer. 

On  the  occasion  of  his  departure  to  take  up  a  position  at  Swan- 
sea, Mb.  J.  A.  SoJiEKviLLE,  for  five  years  on  the  staff  of  the  Lewes 
and  District  Electric  Supply  Co.,  has  been  presented  by  his  col- 
leagues with  a  case  of  pipes. 

A  recommendation  by  the  Electricity  Committee  of  the  Xorwich 
T.C.  to  increase  the  salary  of  the  city  electrical  engineer,  Me.  F.  M. 
Long,  from  £ti00  to  £700  per  annum,  has  been  referred  to  the 
General  Purposes  Committee. 

The  Gloucester  City  Council  has  increased  the  salary  of  its  elec- 
trical engineer,  Mb.  F.  H.  Cobson,  from  £350  to  £400  per  annum, 
and  granted  him  permission  to  take  one  pupil. 

Mb.  J.  A.  McKiNXEY  has  left  the  Cleveland  and  Durham  Elec- 
tric Power,  Ltd.,  to  take  up  an  appointment  as  relief  shift  engineer 
on  the  Kent  Electric  Power  Co, 

Tramway    OflScials.— Mr.    Thos.   Ridyard,   for  six 

years  with  the  Manchester  Corporation  tramways  department,  has 
been  appointed  rolling  stock  superintendent  to  the  Liverpool  Cor- 
poration tramways  at  a  commencing  salary  of  £350  a  year. 

Amongst  a  large  number  of  increases  to  Corporation  officials  at 
Manchester,  sanctioned  at  a  meeting  of  the  City  Council  last  week, 
were  the  following  :— Tramways  department— Mr.  .1.  Wood, 
financial  superintendent,  £475  to  £50u  (maximum)  ;  Mr.  .1.  T. 
Oakes,  traffic  superintendent,  £450  to  £475  (maximum  £.")00); 
Mr.  F.  A.  Mitcheson,  accountant,  £376  to  £400  (maximum)  ;  Mr. 
G.  R.  Blackburn,  rolling  siock  superintendent,  £3.">0  to  £370 
(maximum  £400)  ;  Mr.  T.  Ridyard,  car  works  manager,  £250  to 
£2T0fmaximum  £300)  :  Mr.  R.  Beattie,  chief  claims  clerk,  £325  to 
£350(maximum);  Mr.  T.G.King,  stores  superintendent,  £250  to  £275 
(maximum  £30u)  ;  Mr.  H.  Jackfon.  chief  clerk,  traffic  department, 
£240  to  £250  (maximum)  ;  Mr.  J.  W.  Hewitt,  cashier,  £225  to 
£245  (maximum  £300)  ;  Mr.  W.  Grey,  chief  clerk,  general  office, 
£220  to  £23."j  (maximum  £25(J);  Mr.  C.  H.  Pepper,  assistant 
accountant,  £20."-  to  £220  (maximum  £250).  The  following 
advances  were  made  in  the  electricity  department :— Mr.  L.  H. 
Marlor,  installation  inspector.  £220  to  £235  ;  Mr.  F.  R.  Radcliffe, 
chief  rental  clerk,  £215  to  £225  ;  Mr.  E.  J.  Constable,  assistant 
resident  engineer,  city  stations,   £200   to   £220  ;    Mr.    L.  R.  Lee. 


mains  engineer,  £450  to  £475  ;  Mr.  H.  A.  Ratcliff,  head  of  testing 
department,  Polygon,  £300  to  £325 ;  and  Mr.  E.  Bolton,  sub- 
stations engineer.  £350  to  £375. 

The  Keighley  Town  Council  last  week  appointed  Mb.  H.  Webbeb, 
the  borough  electrical  engineer,  to  be  tramways  manager,  to  date 
from  October  15th  last,  at  a  salary  of  £100  a  year.  Cireat  praise 
was  expressed  concerning  Mr.  Webber's  work  in  the  tramways 
department  since  his  appointment  as  temporary  manager  last 
October.  One  member  objected  to  the  appointment  on  the  ground 
that  the  result  of  Jlr.  Webber's  occupying  the  dual  position  could 
not  have  a  good  result. 

*  General. — The  .American  h'krlriidl  Rerieic  and  Western 
Electrician  states  that  the  Franklin  Institute.  Philadelphia, 
acting  through  its  Committee  on  Science  and  the  Arts,  lias 
recently  awarded  the  Elliott  Cresson  gold  medal,  the  highest 
honour  in  the  gift  of  the  Institute,  to  the  following  : 
C.  P.  Steinmetz.  Schenectady,  in  recognition  of  successful  appli- 
cation of  analytical  method  to  the  solution  of  numerous 
problems  of  first  practical  importance  in  the  field  of  electrical 
engineering  ;  Emile  Berliner,  Washington,  in  recognition  of 
important  contributions  to  teleohony  and  to  the  science  and  art 
of  sound-reproduction  ;  Isham  Randolph,  Chicago,  in  recognition 
of  distinguished  achievement  in  the  field  of  civil  engineering  ; 
John  William  Strutt,  Baron  Rayleigh,  in  recognition  of  extended 
researches  of  signal  importance  in  physical  science  ;  Sir  William 
Ramsay,  in  recognition  of  numerous  discoveries  of  far-reaching 
importance  in  the -science  of  chemistry  ;  Emil  Fischer.  Berlin,  in 
recognition  of  numerous  contributions  of  fundamental  importance 
to  the  science  of  organic  and  biological  chemistry.' 

The  Aiixtralian  Miiiuui  S/<i/id<ird  for  February  15th  stated  that 
Mb.  W.  Fitzi'ATBICk,  chairman  of  the  Victorijua  Railways  Com- 
missioners, was  about  to  leave  for  Europe  and  America  to  study  the 
newest  electrical  railway  systems,  giving  special  attention  to  points 
bearing  on  that  part  of  the  electrification  of  the  Melbourne  rail- 
ways that  has  not  yet  been  authorised  by  Parliament — the  new 
electrical  signalling  apparatus  for  ensuring  the  proper  control  of 
the  electric  train  service.  Mr.  Fitzpatrick  will  probably  be  away 
from  the  State  for  about  five  months.  The  Commissioners  have 
also  decided  to  send  Mr.  E.  Blazey,  the  superintendent  of  goods 
train  service,  and  Mr.  F.  C.  Calcutt,  chief  engineer  of  signals,  on 
a  tour  of  inspection  relative  to  electrification  of  railways,  the  main 
point  of  their  inquiries  being  the  latest  and  most  effective  systems 
of  signalling.  "They  will  leave  on  March  lltb,  and  will  visit 
England,  France  and  America,  Mr.  Fitzpatiick  leaving  on  April 
8th." 

Our  American  namesake  says  it  is  announced  that  the  Edison 
Electric  Illuminating  Co.,  of  Boston,  has  arranged  to  retain  the 
services  of  Mb.  Abthub  Wbicht,  of  London,  in  a  general  advisory 
capacity. 

Mb.  Anthony  G.  Lyster  has  been  taken  into  partnership  with 
Sir  J.  Wolfe  Barry,  Mr.  G.  E.  WUson  Crutwell  and  Mr.K.  A.  Welle 
Barry  as  Sir  John  Wolfe  Barry  &  Partners,  2,  Queen  Anne's  Gate, 
S.W. 

At  Bradford  Parish  Church  pu  Thursday,  last  week,  Mb.  Joe 
DvsoN,  principal  of  the  firm  of  Messrs.  J.  Dysen  &  Co.,  electrical 
engineers.  Braid  ford,  was  married  to  Miss  Winifred  Muff,  youngest 
daughter  of  Mr.  John. Muff,  the  chairman  of  the  Bradford  Board 
of  Guardians.  ' 

At  the  Star  Hotel,  Cudworth,  Yorks.,  last  week,  a  presentation 
of  a  marble  clock  and  ornaments,  appropriately  inscribed,  was  made 
to  Mb.  Wm.  Walker,  who  is  leaving  the  post  of  electrician  at  the 
Grimethorpe  Colliery,  Cudworth,  to  take  up  a  position  at  Pendle- 
bury  Collieries,  near  Manchester.  A  presentation  of  a  silver  break- 
fast cruet  was  made  to  Mrs.  Walker.  A  pleasant  musical  and  social 
evening  was  spent. 

Mr.  E.  H.  Field,  of  the  staff  of  Messrs.  Crcmpton  i*^  Co.,  Ltd., 
Arc  Works,  Chelnisford,  has  been  presented,  on  his  marriage,  with 
a  marble  clock  by  the  members  of  the  staff  at  the  works. 

Messes.  Heap  A:  Diguy  announce  that  they  ha\e  removed  from 
2(5,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W.,  to  48,  Westminster  Palace 
Gardens,  Victoria  Street,  S.W. 


CITY    NOTES. 


British  Insulated  and  Ilelslt.v  Cal»les,  Ltd, 

Pbe.'-idinc;  over  the  annual  meeting  of  this  com))any,  which  was 
held  at  Liverpool  on  March  17th,  Dr.  E.  K.  Mu.-^I'Batt  stated  that 
the  profit  for  the  year  amounted  to  £2 18,3m,  compared  with 
£188,258  for  the  previous  year,  showing  an  increase  of  £30,136. 
The  result  was  most  satisfactory,  particularly  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  during  the  year  the  company's  operations  were  considerably 
hampered  by  the  coal  strike.  During  the  previous  year  £44.4115 
was  expended  on  increased  plant  and  machinery,  and  the  results 
had  amply  justified  the  course  taken.  The  sale  of  the  Liverpool 
works  to  the  Automatic  Telephone  Co.  had  been  completed,  and  the 
holding  they  now  had  in  that  company  was  likely  to  prove  a 
valuable  asset  in  the  future.  It  was  expected  now  that  the 
Government  had  taken  over  the  telephone  system  of  the  country, 
that  a  considerable  demand  would  arite  for  the  extension  of 
telephone  work  genu  ally,  and  they  could  with  confidence 
look    forward    to    getting  a    fair    share    of    that    work.      With 


I 


Vol.73.   No.  1,841,  ^fAK0H2H,  i9i:..i      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


529 


rofcanl  to  thn  profit  and  Iohh  auvoiint,  when  th<7  iidiioil  lliu  balancu 
brouiflit  forward  from  I'.tll.tliuy  had  avatUhld  for  oil  purfmNOH 
£282,01.''),  which  had  i)coii  dealt  with  aH  Hhowii  in  Ihtt  report.  The 
balanco  available  for  diHtribiition  wa8  £liil,2:)0.  The  dirictorH 
recommondod  n  further  dividend  of  (Ih.  ])0r  Hhare,  inakinir,  with  the 
interim  dividend  already  paid,  u  total  diHtribiition  for  the  year  of 
10  per  cent.,  loavinu  a  balnnoo  to  carry  forward  of  £7l,2.'tii,  which 
waH  an  inoreane  on  lagt  yoar'n  "carry  forward"  of  £10,^80.  Tho 
gum  of  £5,000  had  a^'ain  been  placed  to  the  debenture  Htock 
redemption  fund,  and  thi8  could  bo  looked  upon  aH  an 
addition  to  ordinary  renerve.  On  referrinjr  to  tho  balancc-iheet 
it  would  be  Been  that  after  croditintr  tho  amount  received  from  the 
Bale  of  plant  at  tho  Liverpool  work?,  and  debitini;  tho  amountH 
expended  during  the  year  at  their  PrcHoot  and  HeUby  faotoricH, 
tho  amount  now  ntood  at  £()19,48y,  compared  with  £(111,876  lant 
year.  In  this  connection  the  direotors  were  followinj;  the  policy 
of  judiciously  cxtendinjr  the  company's  munufacturini;  plant  in 
accordance  with  the  demand,  and  the  dircctorn  thought  that 
returned  tho  best  profit  obtainable.  In  laHt  year's  balance-sheet 
the  amount  ap:ainBt  the  item  of  patents  and  {foodwill  stood  at 
£71,500.  The  directors  had  decided  to  further  reduce  this  amount 
by  takinpr  from  profit  and  loss  £3r>,500,  leaving  the  amount  stand- 
inp  in  the  balance-sheet  under  this  beading  at  £:!5,000.  Atone 
time  patents  and  (joodwill  stood  at  £2.")l.ti72.  If  business  con- 
tinued prood,  it  was  the  directors"  wish  to  extinRuish  this  item 
altotrether.  The  value  of  stock  and  work  in  profjress  had 
increased  by  £()5,8:W.  This  was  partly  due  to  the  increased  price 
of  raw  materials  as  well  as  to  the  increased  volume 
of  manufacture.s  in  progress.  The  sum  under  the  head 
of  sundry  debtors  had  been,  increased  by  £10<sl4S  for  similar 
reasons.  With  regard  to  investments,  this  account,  after  writirt? 
ofif  £8,500,  now  stood  at  £614,077,  as  apainst  £552,19:!  last  year. 
The  position  had,  however,  improved  during  the  past  year,  owing  to 
the  fact  that  though  they  had  obtained  £120,000  ordinary  £1 
shares  in  the  Automatic  Telephone  Co.,  their  investment  account 
had  only  increased  during-  the  past  12  months  by  £t>I,S8t.  'With 
regard  to  the  Midland  Electric  Corporation  for  Power  Distribution, 
Ltd.,  in  which  the  company  had  a  very  substantial  interest,  a 
further  marked  improvement  had  taken  place,  the  net  revenue 
account  for  the  past  year,  after  paying  debenture  interest,  having 
increased  from  £2,500  to  £12,813.  The  present  issue  of  Midland 
Electric  Corporation  debentures  would  fall  due  in  June  next,  and  it 
was  proposed  to  re-issue  these,  together  with  a  further  amount,  so  as 
to  provide  a  substantial  sum  for  future  extensions  of  that  company's 
operations,  necessitated  by  the  growing  demands  for  electric  energy 
in  that  district.  Their  company  (the  British  Insulated)  originally 
guaranteed  the  present  issue  of  the  Midland  Co.'s  debentures 
as  to  capital  and  interest,  and  it  was  proposed  by  the  directors,  in 
order  to  facilitate  the  present  issue  and  to  obtain  as  low 
a  rate  of  interest  as  possible,  that  the  company  continue  the  same 
guarantee  with  regard  to  the  new  issue.  As,  however,  the  Midland 
Co.'s  profits  had  been  continually  improving,  and  were  sufficient  to 
cover  the  interest  on  the  whole  of  the  proposed  increase  of  new 
debentures,  it  was  not  contemplated  that  this  further  guarantee 
■would,  in  effect,  cost  the  company  anything.  With  regard  to  the 
Electric  Supply  Co.,  of  Victoria,  the  other  company  in  which  they 
were  particularly  interested,  he  was  pleased  to  report  a  further 
considerable  improvement  in  the  position.  The  British  Insulated 
Co.  had  credits  at  various  banks,  principally  abroad,  of  over 
£14,000,  as  against  an  overdraft  on  their  own  bankers  at  home  of 
over  £73,00(1. 

The  report  and  accounts  were  adopted,  and  a  resolution  authoris- 
ing the  payment  of  the  dividend  was  passed. 

Mr.  J,  Carlton  Soott  and  Mr.  J.  S.  Harmood  Banner  wqre  re-elected 
to  the  board. 

Ilontana  Power  Co.  —  Quarterly  dividends  of  1  per 
cent,  on  the  common  stock  and  of  IJ  per  cent,  on  the  preferred 
stock  have  been  declared. 

Consolidated  Cities  Light,  Power  and  Traction  Co. 

—A  first  quarterly  dividend  of  J  per  cent,  on  the  common  stock 
is  announced. 

Tramways  and  Light  Railways  Estates  Co.,  Ltd.— 

The  total  revenue  for  1912  was  £735.  A  dividend  of  2i  per  cent,  is 
paid,  and  £262  carried  forward. 

Prospectus. — JJIs^iissippi  River  Power  Co. — The  list  is 
to  close  on  March  27  th  in  an  offer  of  $3,000,000  first  mortgage  5  per 
cent.  40-year  gold  bonds  at  £91  per  bond  of  S500. 

Shawinigan  Water  and  PoAver  Co. — Dividend  i  \  per 

cent,  for  the  quarter  ending  March  31st  on  the  Common  stock. 

Great  Northern  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Denmark. — 

At  the  general  meeting,  which  wiU  be  held  at  Copenhagen  on  April 
26th,  the  board  will  propose  to  pay  a  total  dividend  and  bonus  of 
20  per  cent,  for  the  year  1912,  including  the  5  per  cent,  already  paid, 
and  to  transfer  to  the  reserve  and  pension  funds  the  usual  amounts 
besides  an  titraoiuiuary  ehdowment  once  for  all  to  the  last- 
mentioned  fund. 

Jarrow  and  Ui^trict  Electric  Traction  Co.,  Ltd. — 

The  report  for  1912,  as  abstracted  in  a  financial  daily,  states  that 
the  accounts  show  an  available  sum,  after  providing  for  debenture 
interest  and  placing  .t:700  to  renewals  account,  of  £2,867.  A 
dividend  of  2  per  cent,  is  to  be  paid.  £1,025  put  to  depreciation 
and  reeerve  account,  and  £843  carried  forward. 

Mexico  Tramways  €©• — The  directors  have  declared  a 

dividend  of  IJ^per  cent. 


.SalJMhury  Electrli  Light  and  Kappl\  <«.,  Ltd. 

TllK  dtrecitorH'  ri'|>ort  for  1UI2.  which  wok  luloptrd   at  tb<i  tneetioir 
hold  on  Marcli  I  Ith,  ruyit  that  the  ir'nerutinif  plant  ban  )<<■«»  nbffl- 
uient  to    moot  the    output,    and    thi'    whola   of    thn     pinril     ia    in 
thurouKh  workinif  order  and  capablitof  dealing  with  n  •■iiv.-\-\i-T%>t\j 
incr<rUHf<l    di-niund.       Tho  |iroHt  on   thf  yearn    .'. 
£149  brought  forward,  ainountit  to  H>'tJ'J(>,  and  i. 
intoreHt  on  debciiturcH  and  an  intorim  dividmrl  i>' 
ctmt.  for  tliir  half-year,  ainuuiiting  to  £7<J'l,  thon:  ri'iiiaiii;-.  a.  haXiunA: 
of  £4,801.       Tho  dirnctorH  ritcommond  that  a  further  dividend  at 
tho  rate  of  8  )K>r  cent,  for  the  half-year  be  paid,  makinir,  with  the 
interim  dividend,  r>   \n:r  cent,  for  tho  year,   and    that    £2,400  be 
carried  to  reHcrvc,  liuiviiig  £l.0o|  to  be  carried  forward. 


Mit.  W.  M.  Ha.mmk.'k  preHided  at  the  annnal  moetinfr,  and  in 
moving  the  a<loption  of  the  report,  he  Raid  that  not  only  wore  they 
paying  the  name  dividend  as  la«t  year,  but  they  were  carryinif 
forward  £1,004,  instead  of  £449.  The  auditors  drew  attention  to 
the  insufficiency  of  the  reserve  fund,  and  they  were  catching  up 
yearly  to  the  point  that  the  auditorB  thought  ><hould  Ijc  attained 
in  thi«  respect.  The  coal  contract  was  only  Is.  7d.  a  ton  more 
than  in  the  previous  year,  but  the  consumption  ha<i  l)cen  reduced, 
the  bill  being  only  £65  more.  The  water  supply  had  Iteen  better, 
but  the  Hoods  had  not  OHsisted  them  at  all,  as  when  the  river  wax 
in  flood  they  did  not  get  the  value  of  their  turbine,  as  they  did 
when  tho  water  was  moderately  high.  The  eale  of  current  was 
very  good.  The  working  expenses  of  I'.'l  1  and  1912  were  practically 
the  same. 

Mu.  Guii'i'Eit  seconded,  and  the  report  was  adopted. 

Thanks  were  voted  to  the  staff,  special  mention  being  mwle  to 
the  services  of  Mr.  A.  R.  Randall,  the  engineer  and  manager,  Mr. 
Ciodwin,  and  Mr.  Banikin. 


\ewniarket  Electric  Light  Co.,  Ltd. —  I'he  directors' 

report  for  1912  states  that  the  equivalent  of  772  33-watt  lamps 
have  been  connected  to  the  mains,  making  the  total  27,811  lamps. 
Applications  for  a  further  430  lamps  have  been  received  this  year. 
The  whole  of  the  works  have  been  maintained  in  perfect  working 
order.  The  profit,  added  to  £10  brought  forward,  amounts  to 
£2,569,  which,  after  providing  for  debenture  and  other  interest,  £745  * 
leaves  a  balance  of  £1,824.  The  directors  recommend  a  dividend  of 
£4  per  cent.  ;  that  £700  be  carried  to  reserve  lor  renewal  of  plant, 
and  that  the  balance  be  carried  forward.  The  directors  record  the 
death  last  year  of  the  chairman,  Mr.  J.Garrod.  Mr.  F.  E.  Gripper 
was  elected  chairman  in  his  place  for  the  remainder  of  the  year, 
and  Mr.  F.  W.  Cobb,  of  Cheveley,  was  elected  a  director  in  place  cf 
the  late  Mr.  Garrod.    The  meeting  was  held  on  March  17th. 

Clyde  Valley  Electrical  Power  Co. — The  half-yearly 

meeting  was  held  in  Glasgow,  Dr.  J.  MacKenzie  presiding.  The 
chairman  moved  the  adoption  of  the  accounts,  which  (according  to 
the  A(i^swfl«)i  showed  a  net  profit  of  £24,718  for  the  six  months 
ending  December,  1912,  together  with  £3,647  brought  forward, 
making  a  dispofable  balance  of  £28,365.  He  stated  that  the  board 
had  decided  to  transfer  the  sum  of  £12,500  to  contingency  fund  for 
depreciation,  i;c.,  bringing  this  fund  up  to  the  total  of  .£56,600, 
and  to  carry  forward  £15,865.  The  company's  business  continued 
to  show  steady  progress,  and  the  number  of  new  contracts  recently 
closed  and  in  course  of  negotiation  justified  the  expectation  that 
this  progress  will  be  maintained.  Contracts  for  supply  showed  an 
increase  of  5,000  h.p.  during  the  half-year.  The  report  and 
accounts  were  adopted.  The  meeting  authorised  the  issue  of  the 
remaining  £300,000  of  capital  in  the  form  of  30,000  6  percent, 
cumulative  preference  shares  of  £10  each. 

Stock  Exchange  Xoticcs. — The  Committee  have  ordered 
the  undermentioned  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official  List : — 

British  Columbia  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.— 10,000  0  per  cent,  cumulative  prefer- 
ence shares  of  $100  each,  full;  paid  (Nos.  1  to  10,000). 

Corapania  Hidro-Electriea  de  Tucuman.— £300,000  5  per  cent,  first  mortgage 
debentures  of  £100  each  (Nos.  1  to  3,000). 

Wemyss   and    District  Tramways   Co.,  Ltd.— The 

board  have  under  consideration  doubling  certain  portions  of  the 
track  with  the  view  of  expediting  the  service  to  Kirkcaldy.  In 
their  annual  report  the  directors  note  that  the  profits  for  the  year, 
together  with  the  balance  brought  forward,  after  providing  interest 
on  debenture  stock,  and  writing  £1,000  off  account  for  betterment 
of  the  undertaking,  amounts  to  £3,643.  The  dividends  are  6  per 
cent,  on  the  preference  and  two  dividends  of  3  per  cent,  on  the 
ordinary  shares. 

Gandy  Belt  Manufacturing  Co..  Ltd.— The  profit  for 

1912  was  £18,273,  plus  £1,542  brought  forwtird.  The  dividend  for 
the  year  is  10  per  cent.,  and  £1,584  is  carried  forward. 

Fairbairu,    Lawson,    Combe.    Baibour,    Ltd.— The 

profit  for  1912  wa#  £33,269,  as  compared  with  £,58,075  for  1911. 
The  dividend  for  the  year  is  5  per  cent.,  as  compared  with  7J  per 
•jeut.  for  1911  ;  £22,745  is  carried  forward,  as  compared  with 
£47.136. 

Isle  of  Wight  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co..  Ltd. 

— The  net  profits  for  1912,  including  £2,115  brought  forward,  was 
£16,286.  The  Fiiuuu-'ier  states  that  a  dividend  of  2  percent,  on  the 
ordinary  shares  is  proposed,  adding  £3,500  to  renewals  and  £1,000 
to  the  reserve,  carrying  forward  £2,800. 

Mexican  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— Dividend  l  per 

cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares,  and  31  per  cent,  for  the  six  months 
ended  April  30th  on  the  preference  shares. 


580 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.72.  No.  i,844,  mahch  28, 1913. 


Guildford  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  1912  afrain  records  very  patisfactoiy 
progress,  the  proea  receipts  being  f  10,009,  as  compared  with  £8,679 
for  1911,  showing  an  increased  revenue  of  £1,389.  There  is  a 
balance  on  the  revenue  account  of  £3,706  (after  crediting  deprecia- 
tion fund  account  with  £l,2fiO),  as  compared  with  a  balance  of 
£3,30.S  (after  crediting  depreciation  fund  account  with  £1,000)  on 
the  revenue  account  for  1911.  After  making  due  provision  for 
debenture  interest,  dividend  on  preference  shares,  &c.,  and  the 
placing  of  £500  £o  the  credit  of  reserve  fund  account,  the  net 
revenue  account  shows  a  balance  of  £1,076  for  distribution.  Out 
of  this  sum  the  directors  recommend  the  payment  of  a  dividend  at 
the  rate  of  5  per  cent.,  less  tax,  for  the  past  year,  on  the  ordinary 
share  capital  which  will  abforb  £731,  thereby  leaving  a  balance 
of  £344  to  be  carried  forward.  The  following  table  shows  the 
progreee  of  the  basinets  : — 


Year. 

No.  of 
eoDmeolloDs. 

Total 
revenue. 

Total 
costs. 

Grots 
profit. 

1900 
1910 
1911 

uia 

744 

8T4 

. .  •        969 

£7,480 
7,885 
8,679 

10,069 

i:3.19K 
3,441 
4,876 
5,114 

£4,292 
4,444 
4,S03 
4,966 

The  alKive  progress  ha*  made  it  necessary  to  enlarge  the  com- 
pany's works,  and  for  this  purpose  the  freehold  land  and  buildings 
situate  between  the  company's  works  and  the  premises  of  Messrs. 
Dennis  Bros.,  Ltd.,  have  been  purchased.  A  new  engine  room  is 
now  in  course  of  erection,  which  will  accommodate  a  further 
1,100  H.P.  of  generating  plant,  of  which  ."j.'iO  h.p.  is  now  being 
installed. 

1912.  mil. 

Unit!  sold— Ligbting       331,930  296.930 

Power  and  heatine 487,896  256,515 


Total 


u,T.  ei  BOlort  ooDBeotad 
Tetal  Dunber  of  eooneotiaiu 


769,826 


562,445 


5.53 
874 


County  of  Durham  Electrical  PoMcr  Distribution 
Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  general  meeting  was  held  in   Newcastle-on-Tyne  on 
19th  inst..  Dr.  J.  T.  Merz  presiding. 

Th«  Chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (seeELEC. 
Ret.,  p.  446),  said  the  progress  of  the  company  had  been  very  slow 
in  the  past  year,  very  largely  due  to  the  interruptions  of  trade  that 
took  place.  The  increase  of  connections  with  the  company's 
sydtem  had  been  11,000  H  P.,  in  respect  to  which  the  current  year 
ought  to  reap  the  benefit.  It  was  satisfactory  to  know  that  the 
increase  had  betn  more  than  in  former  years..  The  profit  was  only 
£7,000  more  than  in  the  preceding  year,  but  they  had  written  £813 
off  their  manufacturing  plant,  and  £850  off  their  connections  for 
house  services,  and  their  lighting  load  had  gone  up  considerably. 
The  capital  expenditure  had  been  only  tr.tiing,  £2,277  ;  but  this 
was  due  to  the  fact  that  the  Durham  Co.  had  sold  to  the  Newcastle- 
on-Tyne  Supply  Co.  £45,000  worth  of  mains.  The  company  was 
not  in  a  position  to  raise  money  easily,  and  therefore  it  depended 
largely  upon  the  financing  of  its  sister  Supply  Co.,  the  conipany 
which  took  it  over  and  promoted  it  seven  or  eight  years  ago  ;  so 
the  £4.5,000  raised  in  the  way  mentioned  had  been  spent  in  the 
extension  of  the  business  in  other  directions.  A  Birmingham 
shareholder  had  written  a  letter  expressing  dissatisfaction  with  the 
progress  of  the  company.  The  shareholder  wrote,  in  effect,  that 
it  seemed  clear  either  that  the  cost  of  the  original  installation  was 
needlessly  extravagant,  or  that  the  rates  at  which  they  supplied 
current  were  entirely  unprofitable,  or  that  their  organisation  for 
increasing  the  sale  of  current  was  defective  ;  also  that  it  was 
difficult  to  avoid  the  impression  that  all  three  were  the  cause,  and 
he  suggested  that  it  was  time  either  to  reorganise  the  board  of 
management,  or  the  capital,  or  both.  Well,  he  was  glad  to  answer 
those  questions.  In  regard  to  the  prices  charged  i  by  the  company, 
they  were  slightly  more  than  the  prices  charged  by  the  Newcastle 
Supply  Co.  and  the  Newcastle  Co.  was  supposed  to  be  the  most 
successful  company  of  its  kind  in  the  kingdom,  and  he  might 
perhaps,  add  that  as  a  power  company  it  was  the  only  company 
that  had  met  with  some  considerable  success.  Therefore  it  could 
not  be  a  matter  of  prices.  As  to  the  management,  the  company  was 
entirely  in  the  hands  of  the  staff  and  directors  of  the  Newcastle 
Co.,  with  one  exception,  and  that  wns  a  gentleman  who  was 
capable  of  criticising  and  watching  the  affairs  of  the  company, 
s-o  there  could  be  no  complaint  as  to  the  management  of 
the  company.  As  to  the  company  being  overburdened  with 
capital,  he  might  give  a  little  explanation  of  the  real 
position.  Their  company  was  originally  started  12  years  ago,  and 
it  was  carried  on  for  some  years  before  the  Newcastle  Supply  tcok 
it  over  and  bought  the  shares,  or.  rather,  retained  some  and  offered 
the  others  to  the  public,  together  with  a  larger  amount  of  capital 
that  was  issued.  At  that  time  there  was  a  great  boom  in  elec- 
tricity concerns,  and  many  promoters  and  irresponsible  persons 
rushed  into  the  field  and  promised  to  get  electric  stations  and 
electric  supply  organisations  in  order  to  supply  customers  very 
cheaply.  The  result  was  that  the  company  started  in  that  district 
without  any  statutory  powers  whatever,  merely  through  private 
connections,  and  supplied  current  at  unnecessarily  low  prices. 
These  prices  were  certainly  25  per  cent,  lower  than  they  should 
have  bt(  n  with  the  result  that  the  company  was  prevented  from 
entering  into  contracts  for  any  lartre  amount  of  electricity  at  any 
high  figure"      Had  those  prices  been  only  25  per  cent,  more  for  the 


first  five  or  six  years  their  company  would  have  made  a  considerable 
sum  of  money.  In  addition  to  this  the  company  had  been  saddled 
with  a  considerable  amount  of  unnecesfary  capital.  That  capital 
had  been  spent  on  plant  that  had  become  obsulete,  and  had 
to  be  renewed.  Again,  the  company  included  in  its  area  several 
communities  such  as  Sunderland  and  South  Shields,  which,  out  of 
pure  sentiment,  had  chosen  to  supply  their  own  electricity  at  a 
much  greater  cost  than  they  could  have  got  it  from  the  company. 
That,  however,  could  not  now  be  helped.  What  they  were  now 
aiming  at  was  to  try  and  increase  the  load,  and  that  could  only  be 
done  by  progressing  on  the  lines  which  they  had  followed  so  far. 
lie  thought  they  would  see  that  all  this  criticism  as  to  overloading 
of  capital,  or  low  prices,  or  failure  of  the  management,  could  be  dis- 
credited. The  management  was  the  same  as  that  of  the  Newcastle 
company,  a  successful  company,  the  capital  could  not  be  altered,  and 
the  prices  could  not  be  raised.  The  only  way  of  getting  out  of  the 
ditt:"culty  was  to  increase  their  load,  and  this  they  were  trying  to  do. 
Sir  Lindsay  Wood  seconded  the  report,  which  was  carried,  and 
the  retiring  directors  were  reelected. 


Mewcastle-on-Tyne  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  in  Newcastle  on  lyth  inst.,  Dr.  J.  T. 
Merz  presiding. 

The  Chaik.man,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  440),  said  that  the  connections  to  the 
company's  system  at  the  end  of  the  year  amounted  to  174,327  h.p., 
showing  the  large  increase  of  22,700  H.P.  over  the  previous  year. 
The  capital  expended  in  the  12  months  had  been  £107,081.  In 
former  years  he  had  stated  that  the  amount  of  capital  spent  in 
proportion  to  horse-power  connected  would  go  down,  but  that 
statement  was  not  quite  correct  so  far  as  las>  year  was  concerned. 
If  they  took  the  capital  expended,  £1()7,000,  they  would  find 
that  it  represented  about  7  guineas  per  additional  h.p.  connected. 
In  former  years  he  had  said  the  latter  sum  might  come  down  to 
6  guineas  or  £5.  This  required  seme  explanation.  The  capital 
they  were  now  spending,  and  had  spent  for  some  years,  and  notably 
last  year,  was  not  spent  entirely  in  reaching  consumers.  The  com- 
pany had  now  a  new  department  in  its  business,  of  which  he  had 
spoken  on  former  occasions,  but  it  had  been  very  largely  developed 
in  the  course  of  last  year,  and  would  be  still,  more  largely  developed 
in  the  future.  This  was  receiving  supplies  of  electrical  current 
from  waste-heat  stations  situated  near  the  coal  mines  themselves. 
This  was  a  development  of  what  had  been  called  the  waste-heat 
industry.  Electrical  current  was  now  generated  by  the  company  in 
connection  with  coalowners  at  the  mines,  and  especially  where  coke 
ovens  existed.  This  waste  heat  and  gas  could  not  be  used  except 
on  the  spot,  and,  therefore,  instead  of  bringing  their  fuel  in  that 
shape  to  their  works,  they  went  with  their  works  to  the  fuel.  They 
had  now  two  classes  of  industrial  concerns  connected  with  thein. 
First,  there  was  the  larger  class  of  consumers  who  used  electrical 
current  for  their  own  purposes,  and,  in  the  second  place,  they  had 
those  who  produced  waste  heat  and  gas.  which  the  company 
received  on  the  spot  and  converted  into  electricity,  usually  in  part- 
nership with  the  coalowners.  Therefore,  the  capital  they  now 
spent  on  mains  was  not  only  the  capital  spent  on  reaching  con- 
sumers, but  also  capital  spent  upon  mains  by  which  they  could 
conduct  electricity  made  in  various  outlying  pl.ices,  where,  to  a 
large  extent,  it  was  of  no  use,  into  the  centre  of  their  distributing 
system.  These  mains  belonged  to  the  company,  and  were  a 
valuable  asset.  They  were  a  link  for  bringing  electricity 
from  outlying  places,  and  for  supplying  consumers  on  the  way. 
For  these  mains  they  had  received  a  considerable  sum — £22,500 — 
which  was  really  a  repayment  of  profit.  If  they  had  not  got  that 
sum,  they  would  have  had  to  recoup  themselves  probably  in  the 
terms  which  they  would  have  charged.  This  £22,500  was  not 
brought  into  the  profit  and  loss  account,  and  did  not  ostensibly 
appear  in  the  balance-sheet.  Dr.  Merz  referred  the  shareholders  to 
statement  No.  8  in  the  accounts — investments— and  said  those 
investments  in  former  years  stood  at  a  higher  figure  than  at  present 
— £73,000.  If  they  compared  this  amount  with  that  of  last  year, 
they  would  find  that  the  figure  was  now  £22,500  less,  this  sum 
having  been  taken  off  and  utilised  as  an  amount  to  discount  the 
value  of  that  asset,  which  had  been  written  down  by  £22,500.  If 
they  took  this  figure  from  the  amount  spent  in  reaching  new  con- 
sumers, they  would  find  that  tlic  capital  sptut  per  horse-powi-r  was 
£5  7s.  3d.,  which  was  coming  near  the  figure  he  had  mentioned  in 
former  years.  The  business  of  the  company,  continued  Dr.  Meiz, 
had  been  materially  interfered  with  and  hampered  by  the  coal 
strike.  It  was  impossible  to  say  how  much  the  coal  stiike  cost  the 
company,  partly  in  reduced  output,  in  the  cancellation  of  coal  con- 
tracts, having  to  pay  more  for  their  coal,  also  in  purchasing  coal  in 
the  market  at  high  prices  in  order  to  prevent  any  chance  of 
stoppage,  and  lastly,  in  the  deterioration  of  the  large  stock  of  coal 
which  they  held.  The  amount  written  off  the  coal  stock  was 
£1.119.  That  was  in  the*  shape  of  deterioration,  but  was  not 
mentioned  as  deterioration  in  the  report.  The  net  profit  of  the 
company  had  increased  by  £2.600.  They  had  now  22  motor-cars 
which  stood  on  the  books  at  £4,300,  or  less  than  £200  per  car. 
They  had  spent  £723  in  replenishing  these  cars,  and  that  sum  had 
come  out  of  revenue.  The  sum  of  £2,845  had  been  spent  in  making 
conneotions  to  dwelling  houses,  this  being,  of  course,  new  business. 
Dr.  Merz  mentioned  that,  in  regard  to  waste  heat,  the  company 
benefited  to  theextentof  an  equivalent  of  about  70,000  tons  of  coa), 
which,  he  said,  was  a  very  large  it«m.  They  might  want  to  know 
how  they  got  the  £107,000  which  they  had  spent  out  of  capital. 
Fifst  of  all,  they  took  £28,100  out  of  the  cash  they  had  in  hand, 
then  they  recalled  loans  which  were  standing  out,  and  repaid  those 


Vol.  7->.     No.  1,H||,   Maiich  L's,   I'Jlit. 


Tjfi] 


owiiitr  to  thoin,  iiml  tho  liiircrcnoc  Kftvti  Ihoiii  £:lr.,7r)l.  Thoy  ufler- 
wnrdu  borrowed  from  tho  bank  ij  100, '.SO,  making;  up  tho  totiil  to 
jEltir),"!")!.  Of  that  Kum,  JtHOOO  had  bcini  «p(!iit  on  MlutlonH  and  tho 
mains  of  the  company,  and  £'iri,000  wax  pnid  ovur  to  thu  Durham 
company  in  puruhat-fo  of  mainn  in  tliuir  district.  Them  mainn  were 
l»id  down  by  the  Durham  company,  and  paid  for  by  it,  but  the 
Durham  company  allowed  the  Newca-stle  company  to  uw  the  maian, 
and  they  formed  a  lartje  [lortion  of  the  mainn  l)y  which  the  latter 
company  got  the  waste  heat  current.  They  could  Im  uhcJ  for  Hupply- 
intf  electricity  and  for  brinjfinp  electricity  from  other  placen.  TheHP 
mains  formed  a  link  in  the  company's  circle,  and  it  wan  bettor  that 
the  Newcastle  company  «hould  own  the  whole  circle.  The  Durham 
company  paid  them  rent,  which  navv  tho  Newcastle  company  a 
return  on  tho  capital.  The  Durham  comi)any  was  the  larnewt 
customer  of  tho  Newcastle  company,  which  was  anxious  that  the 
Durham  company  should  increase  its  business  as  much  as  po.ssiblc. 

Siu  LiND.sAV  \V()on,  Bart.,  seconded  the  adoption  of  the  report, 
which  was  carried. 

Dividends  at  the  rate  of  .'>  per  cent,  on  the  preference  shares  and 
at  the  rate  of  .'5  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares,  were  declared. 

The  CiiATUMAN  then  drew  attention  to  the  (luestion  of  directors' 
fees.  lie  said  that  the  suliject  hadnotbe^n  dealt  with  for  1 1  years, 
when  the  dimen.^ions  of  the  company  were  less  than  one-fifth  what 
they  now  were.  Three  years  a|jo  he  had  mentioned  that  the 
matter  would  bn  brought  up  at  the  next  meetin«-,  but  when  that 
meetiufr  came  the  question  was  postponed  for  various  reasons. 

Mr.  N.  H.  Martin  moved  that  the  remuneration  of  the  directors 
for  the  past  year  be  £1,600,  and  that  that  sum  be  their  annual 
remuneration  until  it  is  altered  by  a  (general  meeting. 


Soath  London  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  ltd. 

Thk  annual  meetinfj  was  held  on  March  18th  at  the  Cannon  Street 
Hotel,  E.C,  Mr.  .1.  Atherton  presidinfj. 

The  Chairman,  in  moving:  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Er.ECTUiCAi.  Review,  page  111),  said  he  thought  they  would  agree 
that  the  results  of  the  year's  working  had  been  very  satisfactory, 
the  lamps  addr d  to  the  circuits  during  the  year  being  the  equiva- 
lent of  22,58.5  S-l-watt  lamps  :  this  was  the  largest  increase  they  had 
had  since  the  year  1908.  The  total  lamp  connections  at  the  end  of 
the  year  amounted  to  273,306  (since  increased  to  over  286.000),  and 
he  was  glad  to  say  that  nearly  40  per  cent,  of  this  increase  was  due 
to  new  lighting  connections.  As  he  pointed  out  last  year,  they 
then  hoped  that  the  inttnence  of  the  metal-filament  lamp  in  depress- 
ing their  lighting  revenue  had  been  overcome,  and  he  was  pleased 
to  say  that  their  expectation  had  been  realised.  The  power  side  of 
the  company's  business  had  also  made  very  satisfactory  progress 
during  the  year,  and  nearly  (i50  h.p.  of  additional  motors  had  been 
connected  to  the  mains,  bringing  the  total  up  to  4,t'.00  n,p,,  and  the 
units  sold  for  power  were  again  practically  equal  to  the  units  sold 
for  lighting.  The  result  of  these  additional  connections  was  an 
increase  in  the  units  sold  of  520,631,  and  the  total  units  sold  for 
the  year  amounted  to  5,000,118,  as  compared  with  4,4  79,487  in 
the  previous  year,  or  an  increase  of  116  per  cent.,  and 
the  revenue  obtained  had  been  increased  by  nearly  £4,000. 
In  regard  to  the  costs  of  production,  the^e  had  in- 
creased by  £1,587,  and  the  gross  profit  had  risen  by  £2,321, 
as  against  a  rise  in  the  previous  year  of  £1,774.  The  largest 
increase  in  expenditure  had  been  for  coal,  due  to  the  abnormal 
price  which  this  was  now  commanding,  and  which  constituted  a 
heavy  tax  upon  all  industry.  Adding  together  all  the  items  of 
expenditure  under  the  revenue  account,  the  sum  total  was  £20,859. 
which  worked  out  at  the  very  satisfactory  figure  of  Id.  per  unit 
sold,  as  compared  with  r03d.  in  the  previous  year,  this  result  being 
again  one  of  the  best  obtained  by  any  of  the  companies  supplying 
electricity  in  the  metropolis.  Last  year  he  told  them  that  after 
very  careful  consideration  they  had  decided  to  install  a  further 
2,000- K\v.  turbine,  aud  to  change  the  system  of  generation  from 
single-'phase  to  two-phase,  and  they  then  hoped  that  this  work 
would  have  been  completed  by  the  early  part  of  last  September. 
The  coal  strike  and  other  labour  troubles,  however,  completely 
upset  their  calculations,  and  they  had  to  give  their  contractors  an 
extension  of  time,  and  the  plant  was  not  completed  until  the  latter 
part  of  Noveuiber,  so  that  although  practically  the  whole  of  the 
capital  expenditure  for  the  new  turbo-alternator,  cables,  switch- 
gear  and  other  apparatus  for  the  change  over  to  the  two-phase 
system  was  included  in  the  capital  account,  it  had  not  been  pro- 
ductive of  any  revenue  during  the  year.  The  capital  expenditure 
during  the  year  amounted  to  £17,312  principally  incurred 
for  the  new  turbine  and  the  change  over  to  the  two-phase 
system.  This  change  was  made  in  the  early  part  of  the 
present  year,  and  he  was  more  than  pleased  to  say  that  the  resulting 
business  was  satisfactory.  The  new  machinery  was  running  well, 
and  the  change  had  been  effected  without  the  supply  to  any 
consumer  being  interrupted.  Their  sales  department  continued  to 
grow  apace,  and  as  the  accommodation  in  the  offices  at  the  works 
had  become  insufficient,  they  had  decided  to  open  central  show- 
rooms in  one  of  the  main  thoroughfares  in  their  area  of  supply. 
The  total  amount  available  for  distribution  was  £28,472,  and  out  of 
this  sum  they  had  provided  £6,000  for  depreciation  on  plant  and 
machinery.  The  item  of  £2,574  for  renewals  represented  principally 
the  value  of  the  first  generating  set  installed  in  the  works,  and  this 
had  been  disposed  of  to  make  room  for  the  new  2,00C-kw.  turbo- 
alternator.  After  providing  for  debenture  interest  and  other 
interest  accrued,  &c.,  there  remained  to  be  carried  to  the  general 
balance  sheet  the  sum  of  £15,183,  out  of  which  the  board  recom- 
mended a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  54  percent, 
per  annum,  an  increase  of  one-half  per  cent,  over  the  preceding 


year,  and  in  \i<;w  of  tho  i-nhnricml  prisoof  '-.-'-■'■  •  -  ■  ■'"-■iltlM 
with  which  they  hod  tn  contrnil  durini^  tli'  '  the 

nhari'holdern  would  aifrer  that  thin  won  a  vi  ilt. 

Mh.  U.  a.   IIi.sii,  a  Mhur.'holdrr,  ni-romli-A 

Mil,  I<0()1  congratiilatttd    the  Nhanthold' '  itiiifactory 

progruMM    which   tho  company  hnd   ma<li)    "n.  ;."rjn.     Soir 

that  the  liinrd  hail  lulopU'd  tho  twopbamt  iiy.ttem,  llx^y  could,  h« 
Haid,  enter  more  wiilt-ly  into  th<'  fiohl  of  comiietInK  for  p'^wor  on  the 
very  bent  terms,  and  he  beliovcd  that  tho  company  wan  only  in  ltd 
infancy  in  that  respect.  Thero  were  a  great  many  larife  foctoried 
in  the  area  which  hitherto  they  had  not  been  oble  to  tackle,  and 
they  might  safoly  leave  the  development  in  the  handu  of  the  directoni 
and  the  capable  manager,  Mr.  Sprunt. 

The  CliAlu.M  AN,  in  reply  to  <|iie'tionR,  mid  the  detienture  iMoe  wa« 
made  at  99  p<-r  cent.  A"  to  an  interim  dividend,  the  board  thoaght 
such  a  policy  inadvisable  at  thf  pte««nt  Mm*. 

The  report  «ns  adopted 


Evered  k  Co..  Ltd. 


The  directors  report  that  the  trading  for  IVli  resalt*'},  after  th« 
provision  of  £1,110  for  debenture  interest  and  £17fl  for  income- tat. 
in  a  net  profit  of  £13,256,  plus  AJ  090  brought  forward,  makina: 
£15,346  to  be  dealt  with.  They  recommend  a  dividend  of  5  pxr 
cent,  free  of  income-tax  (£8,537),  put  to  writing  off  plant.  £!.I500, 
and  propose  to  carry  forward  £i,30'J. 

The  increase  in  the  turnover  reported  during  the  previous  year 
has  been  continued,  and  has  reached  a  total  which  has  not  l>een 
approached  for  some  years  past,  enabling  the  whole  of  the  works 
to  be  kept  fully  going  during  the  past  financial  year.  Stocks  of 
raw  material  at  the  works  have  been  taken  on  the  same  fixed  basis 
as  in  former  years,  and,  therefore,  very  considerably  below  cost  or 
market  value.  All  part-manufactnred  and  finished  stock  has  been 
brought  into  account  at  the  figures  obtaining  in  the  beginning  of 
the  year,  since  when  large  advances  in  cost  of  manufacture  have 
occurred,  and  in  the  opinion  of  the  managing  directors  the  actual 
value  of  the  stock  at  to-day  s  market  prices  is  distinctly  in  excess 
of  the  amount  at  which  it  appears  in  the  balance-sheet.  But,  in 
view  of  the  uncertain  position  of  the  metal  market,  such  action 
appears  to  the  board  to  be  wise.  Machinery  and  plant,  in  addition 
to  the  writing  off  above  proposed,  have  been  maintained  and 
renewed,  and  are  in  fully  efficient  condition.  The  depreciation  of 
buildings  has  been  provided  for  by  the  leaee  redemption  policie* 
mentioned  in  the  last  report. 

The  meeting  will  be  held  at  Drury  Lane  offices  on  Monday. 


Kettlewell  Electricity  Snpply  Co.,  Ltd. — A  meeting 

of  the  shareholders  of  this  company,  which  has  recently  been 
formed  in  connection  with  one  of  the  West  Yorkshire  village 
schemes  for  generating  energy  by  means  of  local  water  power,  wa« 
held  last  week,  when  it  was  reported  that  the  scheme  was  making 
satisfactory  progress,  and  the  directors  hoped  to  be  able  to  declare 
a  dividend  in  due  course.  Messrs.  0.  Robinson  (chairman),  J.  H. 
Coates  (vice-chairman),  L.  Gaunt,  Walsh,  .1.  Raw,  W.  L.  Carradice, 
and  T,  Inman  were  elected  directors,  and  Mr.  W.  P.  Inman. 
secretary. 

Liverpool  District  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd. — Mr.  Charles 

McLaren  presided  over  the  annual  meeting  of  this  company,  and 
in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  accounts,  he  stated  that  during 
the  year  the  company  had  increased  their  sales  of  electricity  by 
over  50,000  units,  and  had  added  3,516  lamps  to  the  supply  system. 
The  extra  profit,  however,  had  been  nearly  all  taken  up  in  the 
increased  cost  of  fuel  and  labour,  and  the  extra  expense  incurred 
during  the  coal  strike.  The  company  were  now  making  a  business 
of  hiring  electric  heating  and  cooking  apparatus,  and  it  was 
expected  that  the  increased  revenue  from  this  source  would  make 
the  figures  for  1913  even  better  than  for  the  preceding  year.  The 
increase  in  consumers  necessitated  increased  capital  expenditure  for 
laying  mains,  and  more  plant  would  be  required  during  the  coming 
winter  to  meet  the  increased  demand.  Mr.  Holbrook  Qapkell,  who 
seconded,  pointed  out  that  for  the  first  H  months  of  1913  the  com- 
pany was  progressing  more  rapidly  than  in  1912.  The  report  was 
adopted. 

Hadfield's  Steel  Foundry  Co.,  Ltd.— At  tlie  annual 

meeting  on  17th  inst..  Sir  R.  Hadfield  said  that  he  hoped  we  should 
have  nothing  like  conscription  in  this  country  to  interfere  with 
industry.  It  would  be  a  great  mistake  to  have  men  withdrawn 
from  productive  employment.  The  Tinifx  reports  that  in  reply  to  a 
shareholder.  Sir  Robert  said  that  while  Hadfields  were  not  likely  to 
try  anything  veiituresome,  "  they  were  going  to  launch  out  a  bit." 

Winnipeg  Electric  Railway  Co. — The  report  for  1912 

states  (says  the  Times')  that  the  gross  earnitgs  were  ^3.7r.5,384, 
as  compared  with  $3  .'<2;>.74'.i.  The  net  earnings  were  :?  1.761  236,  as 
compared  with  •■^l.','J-^,782.  After  providing  for  the  percentage  on 
earnings  accrued  the  city  and  interest  on  bonds,  the  directors 
declared  four  quarterly  dividends,  amounting  to  !S720,000,  leaving 
a  surplus  of  Sl74,463,  which  has  been  transferred  to  the  credit  of 
profit  and  loss  account,  making  a  total  credit  to  that  account  at 
Dicember  31st  of  S2.091,23i; 

Calcutta   Electric   Supply   Corporation.  Ltd.— The 

number  of  units  delivered  to  consumers  during  the  four  weeks 
ended  February  2>;th,  1913,  amounted  to  790,19''.  compared  with 
658,948  units  in  the  corresponding  four  weeks  of  1912. 


632 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,844,  Mabch  28,  1913. 


British  L.  91.  Ericsson  manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December  31st,  1912. 
states  that  the  net  profit  amounts  to  *:  18.563.  The  directors 
recommend  that  after  payment  of  t>  per  cent,  to  the  preference 
shareholders,  the  balance  of  £13. '.m  be  appropriated  as  follows  : — 
Dividend  of  .*<  per  cent,  (free  of  income-tax)  to  the  ordinary  share- 
holders, requiring  £.s,001.  carrying-  forward  £.">,910. 


The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  March  U)th,  at  the  Memorial 
Hall,  Farrinpdon  Street.  E.G.,  Mr.  W.  M.  Crowk,  chairman  and 
managfintr  director,  presided,  and  in  propoeinp  the  adoption  of  the 
above  report,  he  said  that  although  that  was  the  tenth  annual 
meeting  of  the  company,  it  was  the  first  time  that  the  directors 
had  had  the  pleasure  of  meeting  with  the  shareholders.  Formerly 
the  company  was  a  private  one,  held  practically  by  two  share- 
holders— the  National  Telephone  Co.,  and  Messrs.  Ericsson,  of 
Stockholm.  Therefore,  the  annual  meeting  was  more  of  a  form 
than  a  reality.  He  thought  they  would  agree  with  the 
directors  that  the  result  of  the  year's  working  had  been 
exceedingly  good,  and  particularly  so  was  that  the  case 
when  they  remembered  that  in  common  with  other  manufacturing 
concerns  they  had  had  a  good  deal  to  contend  with.  Early  last 
year  they  had  a  series  of  strikes,  including  the  coal  strike,  and  the 
price  of  raw  material  went  up  considerably,  and  wages  also  rose. 
Coal  was  a  commodity  that  they  used  a  great  deal  of,  and  they.had 
to  pay  some  ti.">  per  cent,  more  for  it  last  year  than  in  1911. 
Then  they  had  been  burdened  with  extra  taxation.  The  National 
Insurance  Act  cost  them  many  hundreds  a  year.  Then,  again,  their 
chief  customer  in  this  country — the  Post  master- General — had  not 
put  through  so  many  orders  in  1912  as  he  did  in  191 1.  It  would 
be  remembered  that  in  1911the  had  in  prospect  the  taking  over  of 
the  business  of  the  National  Telephone  Co  ,  and  he,  therefore,  put 
in  hand  enormous  supplies  of  material,  and  that  company  and  other 
telephone  manufacturers  in  the  country  put  as  much  work  through 
during  that  year  as  they  could,  and,  consequently,  they  msde  big 
profits.  He  was  glad  to  say  that  1913  had  started  well,  and 
should  matters  go  on  as  they  were  at  present,  they  hoped  to 
meet  the  shareholders  this  t)me  next  year  with  as  good, 
if  not  better,  results  than  they  showed  that  day.  One 
thing  was  certain,  and  that  was  that  there  was  any  amount  of 
work  to  be  done  in  this  country  in  telephones.  When  they  com- 
pared this  country  with  other  go-a-head  countries,  they  found  that 
we  were  very  far  behind  in  telephoneB.  If  they  took  repre- 
sentative towns  in  the  United  ."States  of  America  and  some  of  the 
countries  of  Europe  and  compared  them  with  towns  in  this 
country,  it  was  found  that  we  had  a  long  way  to  go  before  we 
were  equal  with  those  other  countries.  London,  for  instance,  had 
a  telephone  for  every  3.5  inhabitants.  New  York  had  one  for  every 
12  ;  Chicago  one  for  every  !i  ;  Washington  one  for  every  (i.  If 
they  went  to  Stockholm  they  found  there  that  they  had  a  telephone 
for  every  5  inhabitants,  and  in  Copenhagen  there  was  one  for 
every  12.  Turning  to  our  own  country,  as  he  had  said,  London  had 
one  for  every  3.5  inhabitants  ;  Birmingham  had  one  for  every  72  ; 
Liverpool  one  for  every  40  ;  Manchester  one  for  every  4  7,  and  the 
othertownswereinalikestate.  It  would,  therefore,  be  seen  that  before 
England  was  on  equal  terms  with  the  countries  he  had  mentioned, 
telephone  manufacturers  would  have  a  great  deal  of  work  put 
through  their  hands.  He  was  glad  to  say  that  the  Postmaster- 
General  and  the  officials  under  him  realised  this  state  of  affairs,  and 
they  were  tackling  the  matter  in  a  businesslike  way.  They  hope, 
therefore,  that  beiore  many  years  were  over  they  would  be  equal 
with  the  most  advanced  countries  in  respect  to  telephones.  One 
thing  he  regretted,  and  particularly  for  the  sake  of  their  own 
company,  and  that  was  that  the  Postmaster-General  had  decided  to 
continue  the  policy  of  the  National  Telephone  Co.  in  withdrawing 
the  hand  micro-telephone  from  use  in  this  country.  That  was  a 
small  instrument  with  the  receiver  and  the  transmitter  combined. 
While  we  were  removing  this  instrument,  other  countries  were 
installing  it.  France,  for  instance,  within  the  past  six  months  had 
made  the  hand  micro-telephone  the  standard  for  the  country,  and 
their  friends  in  Stockholm  had  given  large  orders  for  the  instru- 
ment. Turning  to  the  accounts  it  would  be  seen  that  no  amount 
was  put  aside  for  reserves,  but  during  the  year  the  amount  written 
off  tor  depreciation  was  within  a  few  pounds  of  £10,000.  The 
directors  considered  that  that  amount  was  ample  and  even  generous 
under  that  head,  and  he  believed  that  the  shareholders  would  agree 
with  them.  It  was  especially  ample  when  it  was  known  that 
during  the  partnership  of  Messrs.  Ericsson  and  the  National 
Telephone  Co.  depreciation  was  written  off  at  a  very  high  rate 
indeed.  An  agreement  existed  between  those  two  concerns  which 
provided  that  after  depreciation  was  written  off  every  penny  was 
profit  which  would  be  divided,  therefore  there  was  no  reason  for  the 
heading  "reserves  ' — the  depreciation  was  at  such  a  high  rate 
that  it  served  the  purpose  of  depreciation  and  reserve. 
It  would  be  remembered  that  before  the  issue  of  the 
prospectus  last  year,  a  valuation  was  made  of  the  assets  at  the 
Beeston  factory,  and  they  were  put  down  at  £llf),786,  and  that 
was  after  sufficient  allowance  had  been  made  for  depreciation. 
Those  assets  stood  in  the  books  at  the  company  at  £86,()74,  so  that 
there  was  a  reserve  of  £30,000,  which  did  not  appear  in  the 
account.  It  was  the  intention  of  the  directors  immediatply  they 
found  it  convenient  to  do  so,  to  build  up  a  reserve,  in  addition  to 
continuing  the  present  rates  of  depreciation.  It  must  also  be 
remembered  that  the  fixed  assets,  the  machinery,  power  plant,  \:c., 
had  been  kept  up  to  the  highest  standard  of  efficiency  out  of 
revenue.  Again,  although  the  company  had  a  valuable  goodwill, 
and  had  valuable  patents,  having  a  right  to  all  the 
patents     taken      out     by      Messrs.      Ericsson,     of      Stockholm, 


no  amount  stood  in  the  books  for  them.  It  would, 
therefore,  be  seen  that  the  company  had  not  a  penny 
of  water  in  its  capital.  Turning  to  the  balance  -  sheet,  it 
would  be  seen  that  the  cash  in  hand  amounted  to  £68,000,  which 
was  £18,000  more  than  would  be  required  to  pay  off  the  whole 
debenture  issue,  and  to  that  had  to  be  added  the  value  of  the  stocks, 
which  gave  them  a  total  of  £  1 1 1,300,  or  more  than  enough  to  cover 
the  whole  preference  issue,  and  that  was  without  touching  the 
fixed  asiiets,  amounting  to  i:9C),600.  The  stocks  in  hand  were 
practically  all  made  under  firm  orders,  and  were,  therefore,  as  good 
as  liquid  cash.  The  other  liquid  asset,  sundry  debtors  £26,000,  was 
£7,700  more  than  was  necessary  to  pay  off'  sundry  creditors,  and 
the  amount  of  bad  debts  during  last  year  was  only  £20.  The 
fixed  assets  had  increased  considerably  since  11»11,  the  reason  being 
that  during  last  year  an  addition  was  made  to  the  factory  in  the 
shape  of  warehouses,  stores,  and  a  testing  department.  The  amount 
carried  forward  was  practically  sufficient  to  pay  the  preference 
dividend  for  1913,  therefore,  taking  everything  into  account,  he 
thought  it  would  be  agreed  thiit  the  security  of  the  shareholders 
and  the  debenture-holders,  and  the  position  of  the  company  gene- 
rally, were  about  as  good  as  could  be  wished  for. 

Mr.  Harold  Sa.nds  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted. 


Hove  Electric  Li^^hting;  Co..  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  March  19th  at  Salisbury  House, 
E.C.,  Mr.  Carleton  F.  Tufnell  presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  442),  said  that  the  capital  expenditure 
during  the  year  had  amounted  to  £1,300,  the  principal  item  being 
£889  for  extension  of  mains.  The  gross  revenue  had  increased 
from  .<: 24,840  to  £25,220,  and  the  expenditure  from  £10,383  to 
£10,590,  the  profit  carried  to  net  revenue  being  £14,630,  as  com- 
pared with  £14,457  in  1911.  That  was  a  small  increase,  but  it  was 
satisfactory  in  that  last  year  they  had  to  announce  a  reduction  of 
profits  to  the  extent  of  nearly  £1,000  in  comparison  with  the  then 
previous  year.  The  units  sold  in  1912  amounted  to  1,169,003,  as 
compared  with  1,139,328  in  1911 — a  very  satisfactory  increase. 
Taking  into  the  account  the  balance  brought  forward  from  1911, 
and  deducting  the  dividends  paid  on  the  preference  and  ordintyry 
shares  and  also  making  provision  for  debenture  interest  accrued, 
there  remained  a  surplus  of  £9,283,  and  as  the  outcome  of 
the  year's  working,  they  again  recommended  the  payment  of  a 
dividend  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent,  per  annum,  making  9  per  cent, 
for  the  year.  They  would,  perhaps,  expect  him  to  say  something 
with  reference  to  the  notice  received  ifrom  the  Hove  Corporation  of 
their  intention  to  exercise  the  option  of  purchasing  the  company's 
undertaking.  The  notice  stated  that  the  purchase  was  to 
be  by  way  of  repayment  of  the  legitimate  capital  expendi- 
ture of  the  company,  which  was  one  of  the  two  alternatives  open 
for  selection  by  the  Corporation.  Immediately  on  recei^■ing  the 
notice  the  directors  thought  it  was  only  right  to  inform  the  share- 
holders, and  this  they  did  by  a  circular  letter  on  December  3rd  last. 
The  Hove  Corporation  had  lodged  a  Bill  in  Parliament  for  the  pur- 
pose of  enabling  them  to  raise  the  necessary  money  for  the  purchase, 
and  it  was  a  condition  of  the  Bill  that  until  the  transfer  was 
actually  effected  by  the  payment  of  the  purchase  money  the  com- 
pany would  carry  on  the  undertaking  for  the  benefit  of  the  share- 
holders. They  must  all  regret  the  contemplated  purchase,  as  the 
business  had  been  a  satisfactory  one  from  the  very  start.  He 
would  again  like  to  compliment  the  staff,  both  in  London  and  Hove, 
upon  the  efficiency  of  their  work,  and  to  assure  them  how 
thoroughly  the  directors  appreciated  their  efforts. 

Col.  H.  Wood  seconded  the  motion. 

Mk.  Scrase  asked  whether  the  board  had  formed  any  view  as  to 
what  the  ordinary  shareholders  were  likely  to  receive  as  a  result  of 
the  purchase  of  the  company  .' 

The  Chairjian  said  that  according  to  the  terms  of  the  notice 
the  Hove  Corporation  would  pay  them  the  actual  capital  expendi- 
ture, which,  up  to  the  present  time,  vas  £176,279.  Of  course  they 
could  not  tell  what  further  capital  expenditure  might  be  necessary 
during  the  present  year,  nor  could  they  tell  what  the  accrued 
profits  might  be  which  would  come  back  to  the  shareholders. 

Mr.  F.  R,  Reeves,  the  managing  director,  remarked  that  in 
addition  to  the  capital  expenditure  there  was  the  investment  reserve 
fund,  which  also  belonged  to  the  ordinary  shareholders,  and  if  they 
put  those  two  amounts  together  and  deducted  the  debentures,  the 
debenture  stock,  and  preference  shares,  which  did  not  share  in  the 
surplus  assets,  they  would  be  able  to  see  pretty  clearly  what  the 
result  was  likely  to  be.  A  great  deal  depended  upon  the  view  the 
Hove  Corporation  might  take  of  the  capital  expenditure  account.  If 
they  accepted  the  audited  figures  then  they  would  know  where 
they  were,  but  they  might  dispute  some  of  the  items,  which  of 
course  would  bring  an  uncertain  element  into  the  figures. 

The  Chairman  said  he  might  say  that  they  did  not  anticipate 
that  there  would  be  any  dispute  over  the  matter  at  all. 

The  report  was  adopted. 


Enipresas  Eiectricas  Asociadas. — The  directors  have 

declared  a  dividend  of  1 J  per  cent,  for  the  last  quarter  of  1912. 

Electrical  Distribution  of  Vorksliire.  Ltd.— An (xtia- 

ordinary  meeting  was  held  at  Leeds  on  18th  inst.  Mr.  R.  W. 
Wickham  presided.  The  resolution  already  passed  increasing  the 
capital,  was  approved. 


Vol.72.   No.  i.844,maucii28,  1913.J        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVLb:\V 


r;38 


M(>tro|M»lltaii  KIcctrJc  iHiipply  <  o.,  Ltd. 

Mil.    W.    IlAKUlMON    Cuil'l'?^    pr(ini(l(!(i    ut    thin    (lompoiiyH    iitiniml 
meetinpf  on  Mar<:h  IHt.h,  at,  VViricliostor  Houhc,  M.C. 

In  ninvini;  Die  luloptipn  of  tlie  niporl  (moo  Kleotuioai.   Hk\  ikvv 
)>ai;t;   4 1  a),    he  wild   that   t)u)   capital    ox[X!nc]ituro    waH   thiH   year 
ii2,(U:i,9!iV,  an   incrcaHn  of    til  1,000,      Of  thiH,  £51.000  won  what 
he  iiiitirht  (lescribn  OH  a  direct  iiicreaBe,  and  jEHl'.hoo  wan  un  indirect 
incroase.     The  (jroHH  revenue  for  the  year  was  £202,000,  an  incrcoHC' 
of  £19,500.     The  workiiijf  oxpeiiHeH  were  £9!),0(J(),  an   inerea«e  of 
£11,000.      After  dodiictinu  the  working  oxpenseB  there  was  left  to 
the  credit  of  revennc  aoeount,  before  depreciation,  £  10;!,0!ii;.     They 
had  thoui^'ht  ri(rht  to  put    £20.000   to  depreciation,  and  that  left 
£8:i,0'.)ti.     A.M   re^rardn  the   incream;   in   the  capital  account  for  the 
year^  this  figure  wa^  the  larj^e  amount  of  £11  1,101,  but  the  amount 
of  cash  actually  Hpent  was  only  £51,2".>8.     That  waw  expended,  to 
a  lari^e  extent,  for  the  extennion  and  con.solidation  of  their  western 
area.     The    difference  of  the  two  amounts  arose  from  the  amount 
then  standinj?  in  the  books,  which  repreaente<i   the  purchase  of  the 
Acton  undertakinjjf.     What   they  did  was  to   take  over  that  under- 
taking  for  a  period  of   12  years,   includinp:    all    buildings,   mains, 
plant,    .V:c.     in     fact,    the   whole    thintf,    lock,    stock    and    barrel. 
In      exchange      for      the      undertaking,     they      took      over     the 
oblig'ation    of     the     debt     and     sinking'    fund     for    the    amount 
spent     by    the    District    Council,    less    that    which     they    had 
already  repaid,  which  practically  represented    the   depreciation  'on 
the  property  during?  the  years  they  held  it.     Therefore  they  became 
liable  to  pay   interest  and  ginkinu  fund  on  the  unredeemed  part  of 
their  loan,  this   loan    amounting  to  £G2,8t>H.     That  item,   being  a 
capital  charge,  had  to  be  shown  in  the  capital  account  in  a  separate 
column.     'I'urninf;-  to  the  revenue  account,  they  would  see  that  they 
had  earned,  roughly,  an   extra  £19.000  (the  largest  increase  in  one 
year  since  parting    with   Marylebone),   at  only  a  working  cost  of 
£11,000,  leaving  £8,000  as  a  net  increase.      lie  trusted  they  would 
consider  this  satisfactory,  especially  when  they  remembered   that 
in  1911  the  increase  of  receipts  was  practically  swallowed  up  by 
corresponding  increase   in  cost.     They  could  rest  assured  that  the 
board,  ably  assisted  by  their  officers,  went  very  carefully  into  every 
item  of  expenditure.    There  were  some  items,  however,  such  as  coal 
and  rates,  over  which  they  had  no  control,  and  these  two  items  had 
both  shown  a  serious  increase  in  their  expenses  last  year.     They 
regarded  the  future  of  the  company  very  hopefully,  for  although, 
during  the  current  year,  there  must   be  a  considerable  increase  in 
the    cost    of    coal,    they    also    thought    that   there  would   be    a 
substantial     increase    in    the    revenue.       He    would    again    call 
their   attention    to    the    satisfactory    condition    of    the    reserve 
and    depreciation    fund,    to    which     they     had    added    £20.000, 
compared     with      an     addition     of     .£15,(»00    two     years    ago, 
and     £17,000    last    year.      It    now     stood    at    the    substantial 
total   of    nearly    £;i00.000.      This    had    been   built   up    for    the 
most  part  out  of  revenue,  and   had   been  gradually  accumulating 
since  the  early  days  of  the  business.    They  must  remember  in  con- 
sidering this  fund  that  all  their  plant  was  kept  up  in  the  highest 
state  of  working  efficiency  out  of  revenue,  and  further,  that  in  their 
own  case  they  had  less  than  an  average  depreciation  to  provide  for, 
because  a  large  amount  of  the  old  and  depreciated  plant  was  entirely 
renewed  out  of  the  funds  obtained  from  the  compensation  money 
paid  by  the  London  County  Council   in  taking  over  their  old  Sar- 
dinia Street  works,  and  nothing  was  at  that  time  withdrawn  from 
the  depreciation    fund.     In  considering   the  amount  of   dividend, 
they  thought  that,  after  providing  a  considerable  extra  sum  for 
nserve,    the    shareholders   were    fairly    entitled    to    some    small 
immediate    benefit    for    the    successful    working    of    the    year. 
They   still   looked  cheerfully    forward   to    the    future    prospects 
of  the  company.     The  business  had  been  steadily  expanding,  and 
during  the  past  year  the  increase  in  connections  was  equivalent  to 
71,2(!7     8-c.P.    (30-watt)    lamps,    and   they    now    had    the   largest 
amount  of  connected  lamps  in  the  history  of  the  company,  the  total 
exceeding  1  million.     The  progress  had  not  only  been   marked  in  a 
large  further  demand  for  power,  but  also  for  light.    They  would 
remember  that  the  effect  of  the  introduction  of  the  metal-filament 
lamp  five  years  ago  showed  itself  in  a   marked  falling   off  in  the 
sale  of   light  units.    This  reached  its  climax  in  1910.     In   1911 
there  were  symptoms  of  recovery,  and   for  the  first  time  there  was 
a  tendency  again  to  rise  slightly.     They  considered   that  a  most 
satisfactory  feature  in  this  year's  report  was  that  this  rise  had  not 
only  been  confirmed,  but  considerably  increased,  amounting  during 
the  year  to  nearly   half-a-million   of   units,  or  over  5  per  cent. 
Another   source   to   which    they    looked   for  an  increased  revenue 
was    the    gradually    extending    use    of    current    for    cooking. 
Its     use     for    this     purpose     had     been     slow    at    first  —  partly 
owing    to    the    inefficiency    of    the    early    cooking    ranges,    but 
chiefly      to      its     advantages      not      being      generally      known. 
The  London  County  Council  during  the  past  year  had  had  a  com- 
mittee  sitting   with   reference  to  the  future  electrical  supply  of 
London,  and  had  courteously  sought  an  interview  with  the  collec- 
tive representatives  of  some  of  the  companies.    They  did  not  know 
wha.t  might  be  the  outcome  of  it,  but  he  felt  sure  that  any  co- 
operation which  would  be  of  mutual  benefit  both  to  suppliers  and 
consumers,  would  be  carefully  considered.       He  had   often   been 
struck  with  the  fact  that  many  Londoners  thought  there  must  be 
something  wrong  with  the  present  system  of  supply,  and  that  they 
paid  too  much   for  their  current.      With  improvements  in  produc- 
tion  there  was  a  tendency  for  many  articles  to  cheapen,  and  this 
would  probably  apply  to   current  as  in  other  matters.      In  the 
meanwhile  it  was  only  fair  to  the  electrical  undertakings,  whether 
companies  or  Councils,  to  say  that  the  public  were  obtaining  their 
supply  of  current  at  a  cheaper  rate  than  in  almost  any  capital  in 
the  world,  a  fact  which  they  would  discover  by  a  few  months' 
residence  in  Paris,  Berlin,  or  in  any  of  the  big  American  cities, 


.Hill  .John  I'kmh.u  ^v.cuwUii  tlip  r(Molijtir,ri. 

Mr.  FlsiiKit  uhkcd  if  in  th<;  oonvirrnation  with  the  County  Council 
any  sngKOMtion  wuh  inudr;  that  the  Acton  undi-rtiikinir  nhould  be 
(•xi;luilcd  from  any  projKJwd  taking  over  by  the  t'oiinty  T'ouncil. 

Mr.  ll/MiUDi'  thought  th<!  working  (.xpenitcii  had  increai«td  out 
of  proportion  to  llic  iiicorniv  and  whil«t  he  a/lfnitt«l  that  they 
were  making  progn*»,  ho  did  not  conitider  they  w(?re  making 
progrcHH  fuMt  enough.  They  biul  alxjul  a.-  many  lightH  now  ax  when 
thv.y  had  the  Murylelxjne  undertaking.  Iiut  wheriran  they  paid 
10  per  cent,  in  tliow  dfty»,  now  they  were  only  |>aying  a  tnixerablt^ 
•t  per  cent. 

Mr.  (Ji  iiNi;^  anked  if  the  capital  value  of  the  iihareo  wan 
increasing. 

Mr.  MooKK  remarke<l  that  they  had  heard  from  the  chairman 
that  their  men  had  worked  well  and  did  not  grumble  Ilavinir  had 
to  do  with  workmen  alibis  life,  which  was  Ijctween  Moand  :'Oy<arH, 
he  felt  they  must  be  paying  the  men  well  or  they  would  grumble. 

The  CllAiu.MAN.  in  reply,  said  he  wo><  not  prcwent  at  the  meeting 
with  the  I  'ounty  Council,  but  he  understood  that  no  details  were  dis- 
cussed. Ah  to  Mr.  Ilarrop,  they  could  not  talk  of  what  one  or  another 
company  was  doing,  unless  they  studied  the  history  of  the  company. 
If  they  averaged  what  the  shareholders  had  received  over  the  life  of 
the  company,  it  would  amount  to  considerably  more  than  li  per 
cent.  The  company  was  getting  as  much  of  the  business  in  Kings- 
way  as  others.  The  price  of  the  company's  shares  was  not  in  any 
way  under  the  control  of  the  board. 

On  the  motion  of  Mit.  F.  Lk\  erton  Haruis,  seconded  by  the 
Ho.N.  (i.  BlUKUECK  LuiiitocK,  the  retiring  directors  were  re-elected. 
Mk.  .1.  F.  E.  MlLi.KTT  proposed  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  chairman, 
board  and  the  staff.  He  was  glad  to  hear  that  they  had  an  admir- 
able staff  of  canvassers,  which  was  all-important  in  these  days  of 
keen  competition. 

Mb.  W.  H.  Skeel  seconded  the  motion,  which  was  carried 
unanimously. 


Britiitii  AlumiDiam  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  report  of  the  directors,  as  abstracted  in  the  Fin/imifr.  states 
that  the  trading  profit  for  1912.  together  with  interest  and  divi- 
dend on  investments  and  deposits,  and  the  revenue  derived  from 
Kinlochleven  and  Foyers  estates,  and  transfer  fees,  is  £194,828, 
plus  £4,001  brought  forward.  Provision  for  income-tax,  legal 
expenses,  bad  and  doubtful  debts,  depreciation  of  investments  and 
furniture,  and  proportion  of  profits  payable  to  directors,  has 
absorbed  £17,420  ;  prior  lien  debenture  interest,  £40.000  ;  debenture 
stock  service  fund,  £4:i,223  ;  reserve  for  depreciation,  £40,000  : 
reserve  account,  £:W,000,  leaving  £28,180.  The  directors  recommend 
a  dividend  of  G  per  cent,  per  annum,  less  income-tax,  for  the  year 
on  the  preference  share  capital,  requiring  £17,974,  leaving  to  be 
carried  forward  £10,206.  The  reserve  account,  including  the  snm 
of  £80,000  added  out  of  the  profits  of  the  year,  amounts  to  £80,000. 
The  investment  of  the  balance  of  this  fund  will  be  made  during  the 
current  year.  The  depreciation  reserve  account,  including  £40,000 
set  aside  out  of  this  year's  profits,  now  stands  at  £100,000.  The 
aluminium  works  at  Vigelands,  near  Christiansand,  Norway,  pre- 
viously controlled  by  the  Anglo-Norwegian  Aluminium  Co..  Ltd,, 
have  been  purchased  by  this  company.  Part  of  the  price  has  been 
paid,  and  the  balance  will  be  paid  during  the  present  year.  These 
works,  which  will  add  considerably  to  the  company's  productive 
capacity,  are  now  in  full  operation.  The  company  has  also  acquired 
an  interest  in  a  works  for  the  manufacture  of  alumina,  to  augment 
the  supply  from  the  works  at  Lame.  The  output  and  sales  for 
the  year  were  greater  than  in  any  previous  year.  The  prices 
obtained  were  low,  owing  to  the  keen  competition  of  the  foreign 
producers,  but  prices  for  the  present  year  show  a  material  improve- 
ment. The  demand  for  the  metal  continues  to  increase,  and  the 
sales  made  for  the  present  year  are  encouraging. 


South  Wales  Electrical  Power  Distribution  Co. — 

The  directors  report  that,  although  the  operations  of  the  year  1912 
were  somewhat  seriously  affected  by  the  national  coal  strike,  which 
caused  a  lessened  demand  for  current  and  a  considerable  increase  in 
the  price  of  coal,  the  units  sold  showed  an  increase  of  .■),319,081 
over  1911,  and  reached  a  total  of  19,089,656.  After  payment  of  all 
working  expenses  and  interest  on  prior  lien  debenture  stock,  and 
making  due  provision  for  depreciation  of  new  plant,  there  remains 
a  fairly  substantial  surplus,  which,  according  to  agreement,  will  be 
utilised  in  discharging  the  indebtedne>s  to  certain  consumers  of  the 
Treforest  Co.  The  application  last  year  for  a  prov.  lighting  order 
for  the  district  of  Llantwit  Fardre  was  successful,  and  a  supply  is 
now  being  given  in  that  district.  The  application  for  a  prov.  order 
for  the  district  of  Bedwas  and  Machen  L'pper  is  not  at  present  being 
proceeded  with.  The  supply  of  current  in  the  Caerphilly  area  is 
developing  satisfactorily,  and  the  acquisition  of  the  prov.  order  has 
been  fully  justified. 

Australia. — An  Australian  exchange  states  that  the 
Northern  Sydney  Electric  Light  and  Power  Supply  Corporation, 
Ltd  .  has  increased  its  capital  to  £250,000  by  the  creation  of  230,000 
shares  of  £1  each.  This  company  has  been  negotiating  with  the 
North  Sydney  Council  for  the  supply  of  electricity,  and  is  also  in 
communication  with  other  Councils  in  the  northern  suburb  for  a 
like  purpose. 

Alldays  &  Onions  Pneumatic  Engineering:  Co..  Ltd. 

— The  directors  announce  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per 


534 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.  72.   no.  1,8-1  i,  march  2s,  1913. 


MARKET     QUOTATIONS 


STOCKS    AND    SHAKES. 


It  should  be  remembered,  in  making:  nee  of  the  flgnres  appearing 
in  the  following  list,  that  in  some  cases  the  prices  are  only  general, 
and  may  vary  according  to  quantities  and  other  circumstances, 


Wednesday.  March  26th. 


CHEMICALS.  Ac. 

Latest 
Price. 

Fortnight's 
Ino.  or  Dec. 

«  Acid,  Hydrochloric 

per  cwt. 

6/- 

M     „     Nitric 

22/. 
a]d. 

a     „     Oxalic            

per'lb. 

a     „      Sulphuric 

per  cwt. 

e/6 

a  Ammoniac  6al         

42/. 

a  Ammonia,  Muriate  (large  crystal)  per  ton 

£2910 

■  BleacliinR  powder 

£6  5 

■  Bisulphide  ol  Carbon 

£18 

a  Borax  

£17  10 

a  Copper  Sulphate 

£23  15 

a  Lead,  Nitrate          

£29  10 

a       „      White  Sugar 

£2710 

«       „      Peroxide 

„ 

£82 

e  Methylated  Spirit 

per  gal, 

2/6 

a  Potassium,  Bichromate,  in  casks 

per  lb. 

S^d. 

a  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %) 

per  ton 

£22  10 

a        „       Chlorate 

per  lb. 

Ud. 

a        „       Perchlorate 

4d. 

a  Potassium,  Cyanide  (98/100  %) . .. 

„ 

^d. 

(for  mining  purposes  only) 

a  Shellac        

per  cwt, 

85/- 

a  Sulphate  of  Magnesia 

per  ton 

£4  10 

a  Sulphur,  Sublimed  Flowers 

„ 

£610 

a        „         Recovered 

„ 

£6  10 

a        „         Lump      

„ 

£6 

a  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/72  %)   . . 

„ 

£10  6 

a      „     Chlorate        

per  lb. 

8«d. 

a      „     Crystals         

per  ton 

£8  6 

a  Sodium  Bichromate,  casks 

per  lb. 

Bd.      • 

METALS.  &c. 

6  Aluminium  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  . . 

per  ton 

£95 

b           „           Wire,  in   ton    lots  1 

£112 

(1  tollB.W.G.) 

" 

b           „           Sheet,  in  ton  lots   . . 

j^ 

£120 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots     . . 

£38  to  £146 

c  Brass  (rolled  metal  2*  to  la*  basis) 

per  lb. 

8Jd. 

gd. 

dec. 

e      „     Tube  (brazed) 

„ 

9Jd. 

id. 

dec. 

c      „         „     (solid  drawn) 

,, 

PJd. 

Jd. 

dec. 

c      „     Wire,  basis 

„ 

8Jd. 

id. 

dec. 

c  Copper  Tubes  (brazed)     . . 

„ 

lljd. 

}d. 

dec. 

c       „           „      (solid  drawn) 

„ 

load. 

id. 

dec. 

g       „       Bars  (best  selected) 

per  ton 

£83 

g       „       Sheet          

„ 

£83 

g       „       Rod 

£83 
£69  15 

d       „      (Electrolytic)  Bars 

" 

d       „                 „           Sheets      . . 

„ 

£86  10 

d       „                 „           Rods 

„ 

£75 

d       „                  „            H.C.  Wire 

per  lb. 

9gd. 

/Ebonite  Rod            

„ 

6/S 

/       „         Sheet         

4/9 

o  German  Silver  Wire 

„ 

1/10 

b  Guttapercha, fine 

„ 

7/-  to  8/- 

h  India-rubber,  Para  fine  . . 

„ 

3/1  Oi 

Id 

dec. 

;  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . . 

per  ton 

f.')/5 

2/6 

inc. 

/     „    Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual. 

„ 

£14 

y  Lead,  English  Pig 

„ 

£16  15 

156 

inc. 

m  Manganin  Wire  No.  28   . . 

per  lb. 

6/6 

g  Mercury         

per  hot. 

£7  10 

<  Mica  (in  original  cases)  small   . . 

per  lb. 

6d.  to  88. 

e     n               n           II      medium 

„ 

8/6  to  6/- 

e     ..               .1           I.      large   .. 

„ 

7/6  to  11/- 

o  Nickel,  sheet,  wire,  &c 

,, 

3/6  to  4/6  nom. 

p  Pboepbor  Bronze,  plain  castings 

„ 

1/2  to  llSi 

id. 

dec. 

p         „           „    rolled  bars  &  rods 

„ 

Ifl 

p         „           „  rolled  strip  &  sheet 

„ 

1/24 

o  Platinam       

per  oz. 

185/- 

d  Silioium  Bronze  Wire 

per  lb. 

lld. 

r  Steel ,  Magnet,  in  bars      . . 

per  ton 

£66 

g  Tin,  Block  (English) 

„ 

£217  to  £218 

£1 

ino. 

o    „     Wire,  Nos.  1  to  16    . . 

per  lb. 

2/7 

Id. 

dec. 

p  White  Anti-friction  Metals 

per  ton 

£46  to  £-38 

k  Zinc,  8h't(Vleille  Montague  bnd.) 

•• 

£28  10 

Qaotatlons  supplied  by— 


a  0.  Boor  A  Oo. 

b  The  British  AInmtnlam  Co.,  Ltd, 

c  ThoB.  Bolton  A  Sons,  Lid. 

d  Frederick  Smith  A  Co. 

e  F.  Wiggins  A  Sons. 

f  iDdla-Babber,   Oalta-Perrbs    >nd 

Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd 
g  James  A  Bbakspeare, 
h  Edwud  Till  ft  Oc. 


/  Boiling  A  Lowe, 

A  Morris  Asbby,  Ltd 

/  Richard  Johnson  A  Nephew,  Ltd, 

m  W.  T.  Glover  A  Co.,  Ltd. 

D  P.  Ormiston  4  Sons 

o  .Inhrson,  Matthey  A  Co.,  Ltd 

r 

r  W.  V.  Dennis*  Co. 


Greenock  and  Port  dilasjcoM  Trainuays  Co.,  Ltd. — 

The  ordinary  general  meeting  of  the  shareholders  of  the  above 
company  w/«  held  on  March  ISth,  at  Electrical  Federation  Offices, 
Kingsway,  W.C,  Mr. 'W.  L.  Madgen  presiding.  The  proceedings 
were  qnite  formal,  the  report  being  adopted  on  the  motion  of  the 
flhairman,  secondid  by  Mr.  A.  C.  Milej",  without  any  remarks. 

Continental. — Swit/.kiu.axd. — La  .Soci('te  Suisse  pour 

rindustrie  Klectrique,  of  Ihsle,  for  the  last  financial  year  ehows  a 
profit  of  £<;9,.3.50.  as  compared  with  only  £50,865  in  the  preceding 
il  montbf.     A  dividend  ol  7  per  cent,  is  being  declared. 

Italy.— La    Soiiela    Italiana    Thomfon-Houston,    of   Milan,    is 
declaring  a  dividend  of  •'•  per  cent,  for  the  list  financial  year. 


Tuesday  Evening. 
Holiday  influences  are  still  noticeable  factors  in  the  stock 
markets,  and  there  was  no  great  rush  of  fresh  business  lor  the 
Stock  Exchange  to  cope  with  after  the  Easter  recess.  The  situation 
abroad  was  read  as  more  encourn^ing,  and  this  pointed  to  the 
possibility  of  money  becoming  cheaper,  so  that  to  this  extent  con- 
ditions were  to  the  g->od  of  markets.  The  wild  weather  of  the 
week-end  led  to  considerable  damage  to  telephone  and  telegraph 
wires,  but  much  of  this  had  been  repaired  before  the  Stock  Exchange 
resumed  work  on  Tuesday  morning. 

The  Underground  Railway  Companies  should  have  been  benefited 
at  the  expense  of  the  steam  lines  by  the  roughness  of  the  elements 
durinjr  the  holidays.  .Judging  V.v  the  traffic  returns,  however, 
people  moved  about  at  Easter-time  with  much  the  same  freedom  as 
usual.  The  Undergrounds,  therefore,  could  not  expect  to  receive 
more  than  their  customary  share  of  holiday  traffic,  and  prices  are  a 
little  duller,  there  being  falls  in  Metropolitans  and  Districts.  The 
Income  Bonds  of  the  Underground  Electric  Kail  ways  eased  off  to 
92.  No  changes  have  taken  place  in  Central  London  stocks,  nor 
in  those  of  the  City  and  South  London  Railway,  with  the  exception 
of  a  point  fall  in  the  City  4  per  cent.  Debenture  stock.  Metro- 
politan Electric  Tramways  First  Debenture  lost  IJ.  London 
United  Tramways  Debenture  has  not  picked  up  its  drop  of  last 
week. 

The  market  for  London  Electricity  Supply  shares  is  well-nigh 
stagnant.  Last  week  there  was  one  change,  and  this  week  ties 
with  its  predecessor  in  the  number  of  fluctuations,  a  fall  of  -^.^  in 
South  Metropolitan  Preference,  reducing  the  price  to  22s.  6d.  Now 
that  the  dividends  are  declared  and  paid,  and  the  reports  issued,  it 
is  contended  that  there  is  nothing  much  else  to  go  for  at  pre- 
sent ;  and,  with  the  summer  in  front  of  us,  the  electric  lighting 
companies  of  London  will  fall  into  their  usual  jogtrot,  without 
exciting  interest  or  attention  from  the  investor.  There  is  still  a 
little  speculation  latent  in  the  City  of  London  Ordinary  shares  ; 
and  if  the  clique  which  has  been  operating  in  them  were  to  choose 
to  run  up  the  price,  the  manauvre  could  be  executed  without 
difficulty.  In  the  provincial  list,  Bournemouth  and  Poole  Second 
Preferences  have  hardened  to  lOJ. 

The  Latin-Canadian  group  has  somewhat  weakened.  Recent 
new  issues  from  companies  operating  in  South  America  have  been 
left  largely  in  the  hands  of  underwriters,  and  this  seems  to  have 
acted  as  a  kind  of  caution  signal  in  the  way  of  checking  purchases 
of  American — North,  Central,  and  South — stocks  of  the  utility 
class.  An  important  newcomer  this  week  is  the  offer  of  three 
million  dollars  .5  per  cent.  Gold  Bonds  at  91  by  the  Mississippi 
R'ver  Power  Company.  The  Common  shares  fell  back  to  48,  but 
have  recovered  a  point  or  so,  while  the  existing  5  per  cent.  Bonds 
are  quoted  in  the  Stock  Exchange  Official  List  at  89J  to  91  J. 

Brazilian  Traction  dropped  IJ  to  96-^,  and  the  British  Columbia 
Electric  stocks  are  lower.  Havana  Fives  fell  2  points.  Rio  Trams 
1st  Bonds  and  Sao  Paulo  1st  Debentures  are  both  a  little  lower. 
Of  the  Mexican  descriptions,  'he.-e  are  falls  in  Mexico  tramway  and 
Mexican  Light  and  Power  Sh  ires  and  Bonds.  The  chief  drop  this 
week,  however,  is  one  of  5  points  in  Shawinigan  water,  where 
vague,  unconfirmed  rumours  of  an  impending  issue  of  new  capital 
continue  to  play  their  part  in  depressing  the  price  of  the  shares. 
Moit reals  gave  way  apparently  in  sympathy.  Demand  has  arisen 
for  Cape  Electric  Trams,  the  price  putting  on  ^g  at  15s.  On  the 
other  hand,  La  Platas  are  ^'.j  easier. 

The  Barcelona  Tramway  Company  has  recently  made,  we  under- 
stand, nn  issue  of  .5  per  cent.  Bonds  at  90,  carrying  a  bonus  of 
33  per  cent,  in  common  shares.  According  to  our  information,  it 
is  intended  to  made  a  public  issue  of  these  Bonds  later  in  the  year, 
when  the  times  are  more  propitious,  the  present  emission  being  a 
kind  of  underwriting  which  enables  the  company  to  secure  money 
and  support  at  the  time  it  wants  them.  The  nominal  price  of 
Bircelona  shares  in  the  market  is  about  40.  Columbia  Gas  and 
Electric  shares  have  dropped  back  to  13,  and  the  rest  of  the  stocks 
snd  shares  in  this  utility  group  are,  on  the  whole,  in  a  depressed 
s^ate  for  the  time  being. 

The  Telegraph  market  is  very  quiet.  Direct  United  States  Cable 
shares  dropped  to  7,  and  Eastern  Telegraph  4  per  cent.  Debenture 
at  90  is  a  point  down.  Other  issues,  however,  retain  the  rises  which 
they  secured  last  week.  New  York  Telephone  Bonds  are  firmer, 
and  National  Telephone  Deferred  stock  hardened  to  20i  on  a  little 
spfculative  inquiry  by  thofe  who  expect  that  the  residue  of  the 
money  to  be  awarded  will  work  out  at  something  better  than  this. 

A  good  deal  of  activity  in  Marconi's  has  for  its  net  result  a  fall 
of  1^0  in  the  price  of  the  Ordinary,  and  of  1  in  the  Preference. 
Whatever  may  be  the  ethical  attitude  which  ought  to  be  taken  in 
respect  of  Cabinet  Ministers"  investments,  the  plain  man  will 
probably  deplore  the  fact  that  highly  placed  officials  should  allow 
the  least  handle  to  be  given  to  the  suspicion  that  they  sciould  be 
speculating.  And  that  American  Marconi  shares  savoured  strongly 
of  a  speculation  there  will  be  found  few  Stock  Exchange  men  ready 
to  deny. 

The  British  Aluminium  Company's  report  makes  a  fine  showing, 
net  profits  having  risen  to  £19IKOO,  no  less  than  £42,000  tetter 
than  those  for  the  corresponding  period.  S?me  such  result  had 
been  expected,  and  advances  in  the  company's  stocks  have  been 
noticed  here  from  time  to  time.  This  week  there  are  improvements 
in  the  Ordinary  and  Preference  shares.  Brush  Second  Debenture 
lost  5  points,  bringing  the  pric3  down  to  25.  ^lanufacturing 
descriptions  as  a  whole  are  vrjry  steady.  Rubber  shares  eased  off, 
but  braced  up  again  ;  the  stationary  condition  of  the  market  in 
the  raw  material  is  fatal  to  activity  in  the  shares  ;  probably  the 
users  of  rubber  appreciate  it  more  than  the  Stock  Exchange  does. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8H,  MARo.i  2h.ioi;M        THE    KLECTllKJAL    UF. VIEW. 


585 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELEOTRIOAL     OOMFANIES 


ENttLIHU    ELECTBICITT    8UFFLT   AND  POWKR    COMFANlEg. 


Boornemoalb  ft  Poole,  Ord.    . . 

Do.    44%Pref 

Do.    Bocond  6  %  Pret. 

Do.    44  %  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Brompton  A  Konslngton,  Ord... 

Do.    7  %  Cum.  Pref 

Oentrsl  Eleolrlo  Bopply,  4  %  I 

Quar.  Deb.  I 

OhsrlDg  OrOBS,  West  End  ft  Olt; 

Do.    44  %  0am.  Pref 

Do,     "  tilty     Undertaking  "  \ 
44  %  0am.  Pret.  / 

Do.         Do.  4%  Deb 

Obelsea,  Ord 

Do.    44%  Deb 

City  o(  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  0am.  Pret 

Do.    B  %  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb, 
Ooonty  of  London,  Ord 

Do,    8%  Pret 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do,    44  %  Second  Deb. 
Bdmnndson'B,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.     G%  Non-Cum.  Pref. 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb,  . . 
Folkestone 

Do,    6%aam.  Pret 

Do,    44%  First  Deb 

Hot* 


Stock 

DiTldendH 

Sbare. 

lor 

. 

1911. 

1912. 

to 

It 

Bl 

10 

44 

10 

A 

8 

stock 

«4 

44 

6 

10 

10 

B 

1 

7 

100 

4 

4 

B 

B 

Bf 

B 

«t 

44 

6 

«i 

44 

100 

4 

4 

B 

B 

4t 

Stock 

44 

44 

10 

H 

9 

10 

« 

6 

Stock 

B 

B 

100 

44 

44 

10 

6 

A 

10 

6 

H 

Stock 

*i 

^ 

Stock 

*h 

£a 

Nil 

6 

Nil 

8 

6 

100 

44 

44 

B 

A 

6 

6 

B 

B 

100 

44 

44 

E 

9 

8< 

Closing 

Rise 

Present 

Quotations 

+  or 

Yield 

Mnr.  'J.-.th. 

Fall 

P.O. 

it  s.  d. 

Jit 'Si 

6    4    9 
4  14    9 

H  -  lOd 

+  4 

B  ir>    H    1 

9fi  —  98 

4  11  10 

gflg' 

B  0  8  ; 

8  17    9 

95  —  98 

i    1    8 

43-    41  xd 
4i-    4? 

5    2    7 

4  14    9 

3S-     4i 

6    2  10 

914-  934 
44-     Bxd 

4    6    7 

BOO 

96  -  99 

4  10  11 

Ifi  -  174  xd 

5    2  10 

12  -  18  xd 

4  10    7 

UB  —120 

4    a    4 

100  —102 

4    8    a 

11  —  114  xd 

6    2  10 

114-  12    xtl 

6    0    0 

104  -106 

4     4  11 

99  -102 

4    8    8 

A-     ft 

Nil 

4i-  49 

13-  IJ 

81  -84 

B    7    2 

4^    A 

6  17     1 
4  17    7 

90-93 

4  17  10 

74-    8 

6  12    6 

Kensington  ft  Knightsbrldga,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  Eloc.  Power,  4|  %  Deb,  .. 
London  Electric,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Prof 

Do.    4  %  First  Mort,  Deb.    . . 
Metropolitan  

Do.    4t  %  Com.  Pref 

Do,    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb. . . 

Do.    84  %  Mort.  Deb 

Midland   Electric  Corporation  I 

44  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Newcastie-OD-Tyne  6  %  Pref.,  I 

Non-Cum. ) 

North  Metropolitan  Power  Bap- 1 

ply,  E  %  Mortgages  (Red.) ) 

Notting    Bill,    8  %  Non-Cum.  I 

Pret.; 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pret 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Smithfiold  Markets,  Ord, 
Booth  London,  Ord 

Do.    B  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    .. 
Booth  Metropolitan,  7  %Pret... 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb,  Stock  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pret 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb, . . 
WeBtminster,  Ord, 

Do,    44%  Cam,  Pret 


Stock 

DiTldMlds 

Share. 

tor 

1911. 

1913. 

8 

9 

HI 

8100k 

4 

4 

'Stock 
B 

^ 

44 

;     B 

(T 

8 

stock 

4 

4 

B 

4 

41 

B 

4 

4 

Stock 

4 

4 

Stock 

B 

8 

too 

44 

44 

B 

6 

8 

100 

6 

6 

10 

8 

8 

E 

TJ 

81 

B 

10 

10) 

B 

T 

1 

100 

84 

84 

6 

a 

2 

4 

6 

100 

B 

6 

1 

7 

7 

100 
£8 

N^ 

44 

6 

2 

t 

100 

44 

44 

B 

10 

10 

B 

4» 

44 

Olotiof 

Rin| 

QnoUtlons 

+  or 

Mnr.  V'th. 

Pall 

74-    8  xd 

90-98 

78-80 

itiiJS 

9(i  —  98 

r    J« 

97  -100 

B4  —  88 

98  -101 

4|-    41 

994-1024 

91-lOJ 

f.J-    Cijld 

B»-     9 
63-    7J 

84-87 

a-   I* 

8  —    Rj 

97  —100 

1.'.-  >A 

-iS  , 

96-99 

.r=8i 

8B  -    88 

S|I^ 

TtoU 

P.O. 


COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN   ELECTBICITT   SUFFLT   AND   FOWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pret. 

Calcutta,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pret 

Ctklgary  Power,  Ist  Mort.  Bds. 
Canadian  Qen.  Bl.  Com, 

Do.    7  %  Pret 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and  T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Blec.  Lt.  and  P.  otCeohabamba, ) 

S  %  Bonds ) 

Dleo,  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  Ist  1 

Mort.  Deb.  / 

Blec.  Dev,  Ontario,  6   %   Istl 

Mort.  Bonds  ] 

Kalgoorlle  Elec.  P.  and  L,,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

KamlnlBt(qnlaPower,6%  Q.  Bs. 

Madras,  Ord.         

Melbourne,  6  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.Lt.,  E%  Ist  M.  Bds, 
Mexloan  Lt.  ft  Power,  Common 

Do,    7%  Cum.  Pret 

Oo,    E  %  let  Mort,  Sold  Bds, 


E 

A 

A 

E 

84 

7+ 

B 

B 

B 

100 

B 

B 

$100 

7 

7 

9100 

7 

7 

1 

H 

100 

5 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

«600 

B 

E 

10/. 

Nil 

1 

« 

A 

«600 

B 

E 

6 

Nil 

100 

B 

E 

B 

E 

$100 

4 

4t 

$100 

1 

7 

E 

E 

6  —  6i 
6*—  7 
841-    64 

92  —  94 
115  —119 
120  —124 

96^—  99 

93  —  95 


1014-1034 

Ii-   U 

101  —104 
81  —  84 
76  -  79 

100  —104 
91  -  93 


B  14    8 

6     1     5 

4  17    7 

B    6    6 

6  17    8 

B  13    0 

5  14     3 

6     1     0 

6    6    4 

5    7    6 

5    5    3 

Nil 

9  15    2 

4  16    7 

4  16    2 

6  19    0 

-1 

6     13 

6  14    7 

-2 

6    7    6 

Monterey  BIy.  Light  ft  Power, ) 

6  %  let  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H,  and  Power  . . 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal,  ] 

6  %  Ist  Mort.  Bonds  J 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cam,  Pret,      . . 

Do.    B  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Roy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  ) 

let  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Bhawinlgan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con,  iBt  Mort,  Bonds 

Do,    44  %  Per.  Deb. 


Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb, 

'  b.,  P.  and  T.,  6  % ) 
Ist  Mort.  Deb.  J 


Vera  Cruz  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  6  < 


Victoria  Palls  Power,  Pret, 
West  Kootenay  Power  and  Lt.,  1 
1st  Mort.  6  %  Qold  / 


100 

E 

E 

$100 

B 

9+ 

$600 

6 

6a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

8 

A 

Do. 

6 

E 

100 

44 

44 

$100 

6 

6 

$500 

E 

6 

Stock 
Do, 

% 

t 

100 

E 

E 

I 

"id. 

17«d. 

100 

8 

8 

82-85 
222  — S27 
10  —  20 

217  —227 

105  —110 
100  —102 

100  —103 
133  -186 
107  —108 

101  —103 
974—  994 
91  —  94 

106  -108 


TELEeRAFH    AND   TELEPHONE   COMPANIES. 


Amaion  Telegraph         . . 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  ft  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do,    CoUat.  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  ■  Fortagueee    Tel.,  6  %  ) 
Mort.  Deb.  / 

OhlU  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Stlg.  4%  Deb, 
Oaba  Telegraph 

Do.    10%  Pret 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord, 

Do.    10%  Cum,  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg.  Deb.  / 
Eastern  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do.    84%  Pref.  Stock.. 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Eastern  Extension  .,        ., 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Baal  and  S,   Africa  Tel.  4  %) 
Mt.  Db.  MaaritiaB  Bab./ 
Globe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Qreat  Northern  Telegraph       .. 
Indo-European  Telegraph 
Maokay  CompanieB  Common  .. 

Do.    4%  Cum.  Pref 

Uaroonl's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    T  %  Com,  Partio,  Pret, 


10 

4 

44t 

Stock 

S 

E 

$100 

8 

Bt 

$1000 

4 

4 

Stock 

H 

H 

Do. 

A 

A 

Do, 

80/- 

100 

E 

6 

B 

7 

R 

Btook 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6+ 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

4+ 

B 

10 

10 

10 

B 

4 

100 

44 

4J 

Stock 

7 

7i 

Do, 

84 

84 

Do, 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7t 

Stock 

4 

4 

SS 

4 

4 

10 

A 

At 

10 

6 

A 

10 

18 

1« 

36 

13 

6+ 

100 

5 

B 

$100 

4 

4 

1 

2U 

1 

17 

7-    74 

97  -  99 

135  -137 
90  —  92 
654-  674 

111  —112 

24i-  24^ 

994-1014 

7H-   7;i 

80  —  82 
li*=i?* 

H-  7i 
99  —101 

134  —137 

784-  8C4 

95  —  97 
12|-  131 

96  —  97 

98  —101 

ICi-  114  xd 
124-  13 
29  —  31 
68  —  fO 
80  —  82  xd 
67  -  69  xd 
44-    4i 
84—    S| 


6    0    0 

6    1    0 

■n 

6  16  10 

4    7    0 

4     9    0 

B     7    2 

-A 

6     1  10 

4  18    6 

6     1     1 

4  17    7 

6    9    9 

6  17    8 

6    6    8 

7    2  10 

-4 

5  10    -1 

4    9    0 

6    3    2 

4    6  U 

—1 

4    2    6 

6     4    8 

4    2    6 

8  19    8   1 

6    7  10 

4  13    4 

5  14    3 

5    8    4 

6    2    0 

5  IG    0 

4  14     1 

-4 

4  10    8 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord, . . 

Do,    B%Pief 

New  York  Telep.,  44%  Gen.  Bnds. 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo, 

Do,    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4%  Red.  Deb 

Faoiflo  and  European  Tel.,  4  %  1 

Guar.  Debs,  J 

Renter's        

Do.    New  Shares 
Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co,  of  Egypt,  44  % ) 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to  1,600) 

guar,  by  Braz.  Bub.  Tel.  / 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Ist  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  3nd  Pret, 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

6 

fit 

1 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

1 

8 

6t 

1 

A 

8 

stock 

4 

4 

Do, 

4 

4 

10 

10 

lot 

10 

Cert, 

8 

8 

Stock 

44 

44 

E 

B 

S 

E 

6 

94 

34 

100 

4 

4 

10 

34 

I4t 

10 

A 

« 

10 

» 

8 

100 

6 

B 

10 

7 

7t 

stock 

4 

4 

$1000 

44 

44 

99i 
974-  994 

Hi-  HI 

lofi-iiA 

137  —ISO 

96  —  98 

7i-    78 
64-      6g 

u-  14 

96  —  98 

2J- 

10  — 

9,- 

101  -103 

IS  —  in4xd 

95  —  97 
974-1004 


*UnlesB  otherwise  stated,  all  shaies  are  fully  paid. 


a  Paid  in  deterred  interest  warrants. 


t  Interim  Dividend. 


t  8b.  in  Funded  Dividend  Cetts. 


CONnNUEO    ON    NEXT    PAGE 


636 


THE    ELECTEICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.73.  No.  i,84j,  march  28, 1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OP    ELECTRICAL    COMPANIES— (r../rfiHw<rf.) 

ELECTBIC   BAILWAT8   AITD   TRAMWAT8.-H0MX. 


Bath  TmnB.  Pre!,  Old 

Do.    B%Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Brit.  Eleo.  Tr»o.,  6  %  Pref.     .. 

Do.        Do.  Deferred      .. 

Do.        Do.  6%Cam.Pr'f. 

Do.  7%Non.Cum.  Pr'f. 

Do.  Br.  Perp.  Deb.     .. 

Do.  4)  %  led  Deb. 

C^nlrkl  London  Ballway,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Def 

Do.    4%  Deb 

City  A  8.  London,  6  %  Pref.,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1896    .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1908    .. 

Do.    «%Deb 

Dnblln  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 
Great  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
HaatingB  Trams,  8  %  Pref, 

Do.    U  %  Deb 

sle  of  Thanet  Trams,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
Ijondon  Eleo.  RaUw'y8,4  %  Deb. 
London  United  TramB,6%  Pref. 

Do.  4%  Deb 


I 
1 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 
100 
100 
10 
100 


DlrldendB 
for 


Closing 
Qnotations 
Miir.  Sr.Ih. 


76  —  81 
9—11 
31-  .IJ 
851—  f*4 
85  —  88 
91  —  96 
75  —  in 
78  —  80 
88  —  85 
78  —  80 

98  —100 

99  —102 

P9  — loa 

97  —100 

95  —  98 
UC.  —  98 
113-  12J 
H-    2| 

6^"—  74 
2i-  28 
75  —  80 
78-80 
94  —  86 
4i-  5 
66  —  69 


Rise 

+  or 
Fall 


Present 
Tield 

P.O. 


*  B.  d. 

6 
6  11 


8    1 


4  14 

5  0 
4  0 
4  IB 
4  18 


4  18 

Nil 

7    7 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Metropolitan  Railway  Ooneol, . . 

Do.     Sarplas  Lands     ,. 

Do,    Bi%Deb 

Do.    84%  Pref 

Do.    eJ%  Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  Dlstrlot  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

44%  First  Pref 

84%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    41%  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    41%  Deb 

South  NIetro.  Trams,  6  %  Prel. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Undergroond     Eleo.    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cam.  Inc.  Deb, 

Do,    41  %  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Torksblre  (West  Biding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 


too 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 

100 

1 

1 

100 

1 

100 
10 

1/- 

100 
100 
100 
6 
6 
100 


DlTldends 
for 


CloBlng 
Qnotations 

Mnr.aSth. 


601-  61 
61  —  63 

84  —  f6 
82  —  84 
81  —  88 
38  —  38J 

185  —187 
93  —  95 
98  —100 
85-87 
75-77 
??-  1^ 
H-  \% 
67  —  91 
91-97 

85  —  88 
65  —  7U 

4i-   4a_ 

109  -111 

97  —  99 
911-  "2* 

21^  H 
80  —  84 


Rise 
+  or 
Fall 


-■4 


-.^ 


Present 
Yield 

P.O. 


*  B.  d. 

8    3 


Nil 
4    7    7 
4    2    6 

3  19  8 
6     1     9 

4  10  11 
6  18  6 
C  8  1 
4  18  11 
6    3    1 

6  ig   0 


7    7  8 

6  14  4 

Nil 

Nil 

6    9  1 

4  10  11 

6    9  9 

Mtl 

4  12  4 

6    7  9 


ELECTBICAL   RAILWAYS   AND   TRAMWAYS.— COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN. 


Anglo-Arg.  TramB,  iBt  Prel,     . . 

Do.    and  Prel 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    41%  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb.      . . 
Bombay  Eleo.  8.  &  Trams,  Pref, 

Do.    41%  Deb 

Do.    6  %  2nd  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  1 
Power  j 
Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4^  %  Deb 

B.  Columbia  Eleo.  Rly.,  Def.    . . 

Do,    Pref.  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44  %  l6t  Mort.  Deb.       . . 

Do.    44  %  Vancouver  Deb.   . . 

Do.    4|JtCon.  Deb 

Oalentta  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    41%  Deb 

Cape  Eleotrio  Trams 

City  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Colombo  Eleo.  Tr.  4  Lt.,  6  %  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Eleo.  Trams  .. 

Do,    6%  A  Deb 

Do.    6%BDeb 


E 

6 

n 

n 

100 

i 

4 

100 

H 

n 

too 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

10 

6 

0 

100 

Vl 

M 

100 

6 

6 

$100 

6+ 

6 

8 

8t 

6 

6 

6 

100 

M 

*h 

100 

K 

100 

6 

« 

100 

6 

C 

40 
100 

4 
4 

100 

4 

*i 

6 

7 

5t 

6 

6 

5 

100 
1 

^ 

44 

6 

6 

6t 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

eiooo 

I 

6 
Nil 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

8 

*\i-    6A 

if.-  Mi 

6    8    7 

6  14    8 

901-  921 

4    6    6 

P8  -ICO 

-  4 

4  10    0 

98  -100 

5     0    0 

101  -loa 

4  17     1 

11  -  Ui 

5    2    2 

96  -  98 

4  11  10 

97  —  99 

5     1     0 

961-  97* 

-u 

74-     78 
43-    6i 

6    5    0 

4  15    3 

100  -103 

4    7    6 

131  -136 

-2 

5  17    8 

112  -117 

—  1 

6    2    7 

iC3  -106 

4  14     4 

100  -103 

4    7    5 

100  -102 

— 1 

4    8    3 

96  -  97  xd 

4    7    8 

55-    6J 

5  12    0 

Hi-  6A 

4  17    7 

971— ICOl 

4.  9    7 

ai^=  41 

+  ,V 

4    8    0 

97  -100 

5    0    0 

93-97 

6    8    1 

97  -101 

-a 

4  19    0 

8^88* 

Nil 
6  18    8 

25-35 

La  Plata  Eleo.TrmB.Ord, 

Do.    Pref.  

Lisbon  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Eleo.  Tr,  (1904),  Deb.  .. 
ManaoB  Trams  &  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Eleo.  R.and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Qen,  Con.  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys,  A  Lt.,  Ord.     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W. A.)  Eleo.  Tr„  Ord,    .. 

Do.    6%  1st.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Sup.,  Pref. .. 

Do.    41%  let  Deb 

Rlode  Janeiro  Trams,  1st  Mort. ) 
6  %  Bonds ) 

Do.    6%  Mort.  Bonds 
Sao  Paulo  Tram,  Lt.  and  P. ) 
6  %  let  Deb.  J 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Southern  El,  Tr.  B,A.,  6  %  Deb. 
Dn.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  . , 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  1st  Deb.        . .        . . 
Winnipeg  Eleo,  Rly.,  41  %  Deb. 


1 

Nil 

..1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

6t 

1 

K 

« 

100 

S 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

$1000 

6 

5 

tioo 

7 

7t 

6 

6 

100 

tt 

8 

6 

10 

10 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

S 

1 

6 

64 

100 

6 

6 

6 

6 

A 

100 

44 

44 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

»600 

6 

6 

100 

6 

S 

100 

6 

6 

5 

7 

61 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

5 

100 

44 

44 

■5-     5? 

-.A 

?,)i—   1 

i»-  n 

1-  li 

62-97 

102  —104 

87-90 

98  —100 

117  —110 

—1 

90  -  92 

-t 

95  —  99 

«J-    78  xd 

45-    51  xd 

+  A 

99  —101 

lA-  1*4 

105  —108 

6i-    5J 

.. 

97  —  99 

100 ;; -101 5 

-i 

96  —  97 

1011-1031 

-4 

86  —  90 

951-  97 

5—5 

-  4 

48-    5 

98  -101 

984  -1014  ^i 

8  0  0 

7  8 

4  16  0 

6  3  1 

4  16  2 

6  11  1 


6  8  8 

6  1  3 

6  15  7 

6  14  3 

4  19  0 

3  14  6 

4  13  7 
6  0  0 
4  10  11 
4  18  3 
6  8  1 

4  16  7 
6  11  1 

5  2  7 

6  7  3 
5  11  7 
4  19  0 
4  8  8 


MANUFACTURING   COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do.    «%Prel 

Baboook  A  WUooz 

Do.    Pref 

British  Aluminium,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Prel.  .. 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs, 

Do.    Deb.  8tk 

B.I.  A  Helsby  CabUB       .. 

Do.     Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Brlk.sh  Thomson.Bouston,  Deb, 
British  Westinghouse,  Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6%  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  JLilndiey,  Ord.  .. 

Do.     Pref 

Brush,  7  %  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb. 

Do,     44%  Deb    .. 

Do.    41  %  Second  Deb, 
Ca'.lender's  Cablf!     . 

Do.     Pref. 

Do.     Deb 

Uaslner-Kellner    .. 

Do.    Oeb 


100 

100 

S 

6 

100 

100 

8 

100 

100 

1 

1 

a 

100 
100 
100 


100 

1 

100 


NQ 


4-     i 

if-  11 

18-   11 

ii*-     iS 

91  —  94 

87  —  90 

84-    88 

63-    6i 

102  —104 

96  —  98 

m  —  61 

100  —108 

a/.  -8/. 

4/6  -6/- 
0-      i 

73  —  78 
88-48 
23  —  27 

11  —  11 ; 

91  —100 

Wa  —106 


8    0    0 

7    2    2 

4    0    0 

4    0    0 

+  !>(, 

^'i'^ 

6    6    6 

6  11     1 

5  15  11 

4  16    0 

4    6     7 

4  11  10 

Nil 

6  It     3 

6  16    6 

Nil 

Nil 

NU 

6    8    2 

10    9    4 

16  13    4 

+     } 

6    7    8 

4  17    7 

4  10    0 

"fo 

6    7    9 

«    4  11 

Crompton  A  Oo 

Do.    Deb 

Dlok,  Kerr 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Edison  &  Swan,  A,  tS  paid 

Do.    fully  paid  .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    6  %  Second  Deb, 
Electric  Construction    .. 

Do.    Pref 

Qreennood  &  Batley,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

Qeneral  Electric,  Pref,  ,, 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Prel 

Do.    Deb 

India-Rubber,  8.  &  T.     . . 

Do.    Pref 

Telegraph  Construction.. 

Do.    Deb 

WIUansA  Robinson 

Da,    Pref, 

Do.    Deb 


100 

6 

1 

6 

1 

A 

100 
6 

N*^ 

6 

Nil 

100 

4 

lOU 

6 

a 

10 
100 

10 
100 


100 
10 
10 

la 

100 


a 

a 

74 

6 

6 

171 

m 

4 

4 

Nil 

Nil 

k-     i 

66  —  67 

^j' 

4=  J 

61-65 

72-75 

'it    i" 
7—8 

92  —  94 

10  -  lOJ 

90-95 

12J-  18  xd 
*h-    64  xd 

101  —108 

10  —  11 

9  —  10 

84  —  86xd 

964—  981 

tz  t 

67  —  69 

NU 
9  15    6 

7  ''7    8 

4  11  to 
Nil 
Nil 

6  8     1 

8  18    4 

5  14     4 

7  0  0 

8  6  8 

6  4  a 
4  13  0 

4  4     8 

5  15  5 
4  7  10 
4    7  6 

6  16  4 
6  0  0 
6  16  8 
4     1  8 

NU 

NU 

6  16    1 


*  Dnlesa  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.        f  Interim  dividend.        :  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Eleotiic  Railways. 


Bank  rat*  of  Discount  5  per  cent.,  October  17th,  1912- 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,K1 1,  Maiicii  2h,  I'Jia. 


TRK    ELECTRICAL    HE  VIE  V/, 


L'M 


EXPORTS  AND  IMPORTS  OF  ELECTRICAL  GOODS  DURING  FEBRUARY.  1913. 


Tun  Fobnmry  returiiH  of  olcctrical  biiRincHH  xhow  n  fallinfj:  off  in 
both  tb«  «'.\|)ort  and  import  Hootiong  an  ooniparrd  with  tho  proviouH 
month,  which  iH  to  Homo  oxt«nt  accounted  for  by  the  Hhortor  p«riod 
covered  by  the  retiiriiB. 

The  exports  from  this  country  reached  a  total  of  Jt 5 1 7,37.'),  uh 
oomjiared  with  £r)7('.,r>2lt  in  tho  previoUH  month,  and  iiiclnded 
nearly  £170,oOO  worth  of  machinery  and  oal)lc  valued  at  Ji:l()il,7n. 

Tho  t«;l<'(cra|)hic  and  telephonic  exportH,  althouirh,  in  common 
with  other  things,  nhowinff  Homo  dcoreaHe  on  the  January  IlKures, 
reached  very  patiHfaotory  totals. 

Electrical  imports  were  valued   at   £2:50, 07!),  as  apalnst  £2r.2,l<>7 


in  .January  ;  while  the  re-exportji  at  £2:t,:»'J<;,  were  aUmt  i;.'.,000 
down.  The  docroaHC  in  tho  im[»>rt«  total  wan  mainly  'Itie  to  the 
falling;  off  in  cable,  tclcKraphio  and  telephonic  valucn,  the  other 
items  of  the  imports  showini;  but  little  variation  in  value  oa  com- 
pared with  the  .January  rotunis. 

Arircntina  was  our  liest  customer  during'  the  month,  while  India, 
.New  South  Wales,  Canada  and  lira/.il  were  aUo  prominent  por- 
chasers  from  this  country. 

As  regards  the  imports,  (iermany,  as  usual,  UxiV  the  lion's  share 
of  the  business,  while  tlic  l.tiitcd  Btates  retoined  a  large  Bhare 
of  the  remaindc  r, 


Kesrlstered  Exports  of  BrItiMh  and  Irish  Electrical  Goods  from  the  United  Kingdom 

. 

DeatloatloD  of  exporta  and  ooantry  ooDBlgning 
Import!, 

ri 

u      Id 

[Wires  and  cables, 

rabber and  other, 

insolations.      1 

•n.9  * 
a 

o 

P 

la* 

e     . 

2    S 

1  1 

at 

US 

a   a 

1    Batteries  and 
1    aocamulators. 

i 

in 
fl-i 

0 

i 

£ 

£ 

£ 

& 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Russia,  Sweden,  Norway  and  Denmark 

2,015 

332 

144 

39 

190 

2,199 

32 

18 

583 

367 

5,919 

Germany           

1,733 

210 

8 

514 

489 

1,947 

2 

3 

2 

48 

4,956 

Netherlands,  Java  &  Dutch  Indies 

73.') 

1,408 

98 

220 

215 

870 

30 

.306 

35 

35 

168 

4,120 

Belgium            

487 

262 

89 

70 

273 

1,400 

347 

14 

60 

1,190 

4,142 

France  

607 

133 

3,233 

40 

30 

273 

10,107 

92 

12 

83 

32 

3 

14,645 

Portupal           

191 

23 

•  •• 

404 

10 

6 

25( 

2b 

909 

Spain,  Canary  Isles  and  Spanish  N.  Africa... 

1,061 

1,'908 

9 

138 

300 

350 

5,170 

914 

72 

129 

694 

402 

11,150 

Switzerland,  Italy  and  Austria-Huntrary   ... 

301 

270 

203 

62 

69 

14 

2,423 

7 

256 

4:- 

1,680 

5,328 

Greece  and  Turkey      

402 

2,996 

16 

•  •• 

1,800 

101 

32 

250 

5,597 

Channel  Isles,  Gibraltar,  Malta  and  Cyprus... 

239 

38 

73 

44 

... 

"36 

375 

950 

1,450 

19 

658 

3,882 

U.S.A.,  Philippines  and  Cuba           

807 

15 

524 

... 

64 

286 

317 

11 

10 

2 

1,103 

3,139 

Canada  and  Newfoundland 

1,099 

6,625 

"1,174 

581 

20 

4,853 

12,438 

4,134 

49 

5,158 

186 

36,317 

British  West  Indies  and  British  Guiana     ... 

50 

64 

73 

.96 

88 

187 

4 

132 

12 

198 

894 

Mexico  and  Central  America            

-91 

•  •• 

26 

•  >• 

'34 

160 

59 

12 

83 

465 

Peru  and  Uruguay      

454 

137 

58 

12 

484 

... 

1,339 

"20 

44 

1,264 

.3,812 

Chile     

591 

"l06 

307 

57 

17 

7,.564 

927 

678 

278 

4,543 

15,068 

Brazil '     ... 

1,471 

2,972 

2,312 

322 

"25 

75 

10,189 

467 

214 

12,483 

2,540 

33,070 

Argentina         

3,823 

26,426 

379 

1,628 

90 

.526 

15,284 

2,617 

3,296 

238 

7,643 

624 

62,574 

Colombia,  Venezuela,  Ecuador  and  Bolivia... 

... 

28 

5 

598 

7 

4 

390 

1,032 

Egypt,  Tunis  and  Persia        

607 

286 

46 

39 

11 

44 

1,308 

56 

56 

... 

493 

18,148 

21,093 

British  West  Africa  and  Ascension 

387 

51 

7 

204 

154 

... 

1,502 

5 

38 

145 

... 

2,493 

Rhodesia,  O.R.C.  and  Transvaal      

1,145 

186 

475 

1,028 

154 

256 

2,186 

■770 

226 

11 

217 

6,654 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

1,9.59 

1,273 

173 

384 

2 

2,772 

245 

1,097 

20 

4,611 

28 

12,. 564 

Natal 

813 

9,640 

570 

209 

173 

5,097 

52 

152 

181 

92 

16,979 

Zanzibar,  Brit.  E.  Africa,  Mauritius  &  Aden 

82 

394 

16 

126 

461 

44 

7 

8 

59b 

1,731 

Azores,  Madeira  and  Portuguese  Africa     ... 

rm 

262 

37 

51 

136 

1,044 

4 

85 

138 

10 

2,332 

French  African  Colonies  and  Madagascar  ... 

32 

... 

17 

1.5,100 

15,149 

China  and  Siam           

1,118 

432 

185 

224 

1,421 

4,994 

46 

1,429 

86 

357 

10,292 

Japan  and  Korea         

548 

4,890 

917 

— 

"26 

2,259 

12,475 

3,474 

94 

105 

24,788 

India     

3,970 

18,560 

3,035 

1,686 

112 

2,246 

12,354 

3,268 

3,008 

'64 

823 

734 

49,860 

Ceylon 

101 

2,474 

108 

25 

.761 

144 

2 

4 

108 

16h 

3,893 

Straits  Settlements,  and  Fed.  Malay  States 

377 

1,696 

249 

43 

201 

662 

194 

181 

136 

29 

1,7,166 

20,934 

Hong  Kong      

245 

154 

372 

267 

... 

697 

408 

21 

8( 

2,244 

West  Australia            

354 

1,106 

393 

644 

228 

4,352 

1,652 

1,761 

... 

4.59 

10,949 

South  Australia          

643 

906 

115 

367 

23 

684 

1,407 

4,145 

Victoria            

3,465 

7,095 

914 

1,434 

157 

5,363 

1,779 

42 

... 

6,184 

677 

27,110 

New  South  Wales       ...         

3,738 

9,700 

1,290 

506 

"95 

1,582 

15,370 

1,235 

1,241 

20 

10,701 

2,302 

47,780 

Queensland       

68 

516 

123 

401 

162 

1,644 

... 

46 

72 

22 

3,054 

Tasmania          

167 

14 

7 

95 

... 

60 

77 

377 

275 

1,072 

New  Zealand  and  Fiji  Islands         

2,350 
38,862 

3,293 
106,711 

578 

1,014 

1,038 

18,774 

5,305 
153,113 

436 
16,220 

209 
25,308 

"4 

1,294 

499 

514 
71,338 

15,240 

Total,  £ 

18,425 

11,882 

2,214 

53,234 

517,375 

Kegistered  Imports  into  the  United  Kingdom  of  Electrical  Goods  from  all  Countries. 


Russia,  Norway,  Sweden  and  Denmark    ... 

7 

70 

4,058 

291 

.523 

5,166 

Germany          

8,623 

23,759 

1,963 

15,943 

7,978 

3,731 

70,272 

234 

2,637 

8,056 

6,460 

Holland            

130 

3,469 

760 

7 

336 

... 

6 

38 

Belgium           

779 

1,309 

149 

239 

84 

2,196 

10 

361 

268 

5,2.56 

France 

591 

646 

1,340 

369 

622 

768 

100 

269 

3,691 

1,328 

Switzerland      

2.57 

332 

156 

38 

26 

136 

820 

12 

66 

735 

Italy      

521 

4,703 

... 

108 

... 

...! 

200 

Austria-Hungary        

798 

593 

102 

24 

747 

148 

United  States 

5,508 

765 

865 

130 

870 

55 

10,458 

21,251 

3 

441 

Canada 

28 

15 

40 

... 

Total,  £ 

16,314 

:!1,666 

3,924 

21,822 

10,189 

4,551 

89,080 

21,898 

3,790 

12,815 

19,77-2 

Additional  imports  :  Spain,  carbon,  £258. 
Registered  Re-Exports  of  Foreign  and  Colonial  Electrical  Goods  from  the  United  Kingdom. 


Various  coimtries,  mainly  as  above 


S,39f) 


204 


4,391 


8,859 


446 


95 


!-.>:55.S21 


23,396 


Total  Exports  :  £517,375. 


Total  Re-Expobts  :  £23,396. 


Total  Impokts  :  £236,079. 


Note. — The  amounts  appearing  under  the  several  headings  are  classified  according  to  the  Customs  returns.  The  first  and 
third  columns  contain  many  amounts  relating  to  "goods"  otherwise  unclassified,  the  latter,  doubtlesa,  consisting  of  similar 
materials  to  those  appearing  ia  adjacent  oolnmni.  Imports  are  oredited  tg  the  country  whence  ooneigned,  which  ii  not  ne3««aruy 
the  ooontry  of  origin. 


538 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        t^oi.  72.  No.  i,844,  march  28, 1913. 


PROCEEDINQB    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Power  Supply  on  the  Rand. 

By  A.  E.  Hadley,  M.I.E.E. 

( Ahstract  of  paper  read  before  the  INSTITUTION  OF  ELECTRICAL 
Engineers,  at  Manchester,  March  Wth,  and  in  Zondnn,  March 
i'Mh,  1913.     For  the  commencement  of  the  paper  .see  p.  519.) 

The  ^0,000-volt  pole  line  consists  of  two  rows  of  lattice  steel  masts 
equipped  with  four  circuits  of  stranded  copper,  each  conductor 
havingr  a  section  of  liO  eq.  mm.,  and  carryinu  three  earthed  puard 
wires  above  the  conductors.  Every  fourth  mast  (commonly  called 
an  "  anchor  mast."  fig.  1)  is  of  sufficient  strength  to  take  the  full 
strain  of  the  conductors  in  a  lateral  direction  ;  and  the  three  inter- 
mediate masts  (fijr.  2)  are  designed  to  take  the  strain  due  to  wind 


Sefetij  Screen 


Fig.  1. 

pressure  in  a  direction  transverse  to  the  line.  Extra  anchor  masts 
are  also  used  whenever  the  line  changes  its  direction,  and  at  rail- 
way crossings.  A  special  end  tower  (fig.  3)  is  used  at  the  ends  of 
the  line. 

The  masts  are  normally  spaced  ."iOO  ft.  apart.  The  anchor  masts 
have  an  overall  height  of  71  ft.  t;  in.,  the  lowest  cross-arm  being 
3-J  ft.  rt  in.  from  the  ground.    On  these  masts  the  conductors  are  placed 


Fio.  2. 

vertically  above  each  other,  separated  by  a  distance  of  0  ft.  Each 
maat  was  required  to  deflect  J  in.  at  the  top  when  subjected  to  a 
horizontal  poll  of  4  J  tons  applied  44  ft.  from  the  frround  at  an  angle 
of  31)°  from  the  line  direction. 

The  intermediate  masts  when  carrying  the  weight  of  the  insu- 
lators, conductors  and  guard  wires,  were  required  to  give  a  tem- 
porary deflection  at  the  top  of  |i  in.  when  subject  to  a  horizontal 
pull  of  35  cwt.,  applied  35  ft.  from  the  ground  and  at  right  angles 


to  the  line  direction.  The  conductors  on  these  masts  are  arranged 
three  on  each  side,  in  the  shape  of  an  equilateral  triangle  having 
sides  8  ft.  long.  The  lowest  support  for  the  conductors  is  34  ft.  C  in. 
from  the  ground,  and  a  10-ft.  sag  is  allowed,  so  that  the  lowest  part 
of  any  conductor  is  never  less  than  24  ft.  6  in.  from  the  ground. 
All  masts  are  provided  with  a  safety  screen  to  prevent  any  possi- 
bility of  men  working  on  one  circuit  coming  into  contact  with 
the  circuit  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  pole.  This  screen  consists  of 
a  rectangular  steel  framework  interlaced  with  galvanised  steel 
wire  netting. 

The  80, 000- volt  insulators  used  are  of  the  disk  type,  10  in.  in 
diameter,  and  connected  six  in  series  at  each  suspension  and  strain- 
ing point.  Before  erection  each  insulator  is  subjected  to  a 
mechanical  stress  of  1  i  tons,  and  while  in  this  condition  is  tested 
to  liO.OOO  volts  for  five  minutes. 

The  latest  type  of  40,000-volt  transmission  line  is  of  a  similar 
design,  but  pin  insulators  are  employed  on  the  intermediate  lattice 
masts,  and  four  disks  are  used  in  each  string  of  insulators  on  the 
main  towers  which  take  the  lateral  strain. 

All  the  20,000- volt  cables  have  circular  conductors  of  100  sq.  mm. 
section,  and  are  paper-insulated,  lead-covered  and  armoured.  Eoch 
cable  is  capable  of  transmitting  about  7,000  k.v.a.  The  cable  was 
specified  to  stand  a  test  pressure  at  the  factory  of  50,000  volts,  and 
a  test  pressure  of  40,000  volts  for  10  minutes  after  laying. 

The  atmospheric  conditions  on  the  Rand  are  in  many  ways 
abnormal.  During  the  winter  violent  wind  and  dust  storms  are 
encountered,  while  for  six  months  during  the  summer  (from 
September  to  April)  the  reef  is  the  centre  of  frequent  and  violent 
lightning  storms  accompanied  by  heavy  rain  and  sometimes 
phenomenal  hail.  The  Rand,  which  is  the  watershed  of  that  part 
of  South  Africa,  is  probably  about  the  worst  district  in  the  world 
for  lightning,  the  aJtitude  of  Johannesburg  being  6,760  ft.  At 
this  altitude  the  range  of  temperature  is  very  large,  and  rapid 
changes  in  temperature  occur,  disturbing  the  atmospheric  con- 
ditions. 

The  total  number  of  lightning  storms  passing  over  different 
sections  of  the  system  during  the  last  season  (which  lasted  for  182 
days)  amounted  to  199.  Most  careful  daily  records  and  observa- 
tions are  taken  of  all  atmospheric  disturbances,  and  these  records 
show  that  lightning  is  encountered  on  an  average  on  one  out  of 
every  three  days. 

Every  storm  exerts  some  influence  of  greater  or  lesser  severity 
upon  the  overhead  system,  but  year  by  year  the  number  of  troubles 
caused  have  been  largely  reduced,  so  that  interruptions  to  supply 
are  now  infrequent,  and  the  loss  of  apparatus  seldom  takes  place. 

As  a  general  rule  the  effect  of  lightning  is  brought  abjut 
through  an  induced  effect  on  the  overhead  lines,  setting  up  a 
high-fiequency  surge.     Experience  goes  to  prove  that  the  intensity 


Fig.  3. 


of  the  induced  effect  is  in  the  majority  of  cases  localised  to  some 
part  of  the  transmission  line,  and  only  in  the  minority  of  cases 
does  it  reach  the  end  of  the  line  with  it-s  full  severity.  Further,  it 
is  quite  a  rare  though  not  unknown  occurrence  for  the  line  to  be 
actually  struck  by  lightning  ;  and  it  is  possible,  though  not 
determined,  that  this  immunity  may  be  the  result  of  the  earthed 
guard  wires. 

The  means  whereby  the  effects  of  lightning  have  been  prevented 
in  the  great  majority  of  cases  from  disturbing  the  system  jire 
mainly  ;  {n)  the  employment  of  earthed  overhead  guard  wires  ; 
(*)  earthing  the  neutral  of  each  separate  section  of  the  system  ; 
and  (_c)  by  careful  selection  and  adjustment  of  lightning  arresters 
to  deal  with  the  different  conditions  arising. 

Experience  has  shown  that  the  guard  wire  constitutes  one  of 
the  most  efficient  systems  of  line  protection,  and  contributes  largely 
to  successful  operation  during  storms. 

During  the  earlier  lightning  seasons  the  neutral  of  the  system 
was  not  earthed,  and  unquestionably  many  interruptions  and 
much  loss  of  apparatus  resulted  from  not  employing  this  system. 
One  of  the  troubles  caused  by  lightning  is  occasioned  by  the 
arcing-over  of  insulators,  which  with  an  insulated  system  having 
considerable  capacity  to  earth  generally  results  in  an  intermittent 
arc  to  earth,  thereby  setting  up  dangerous  surges  in  the  system. 
These  surges  lead  to  cumulative  trouble  and  cause  discharges  on  the 
arresters  of  the  other  two  phases,  increasing  in  severity  until 
finally  a  second  flash-over  takes  place  (generally  at  the  arrester  gear 
itself)  and  short-circuits  the  phases.  By  earthing  the  neutral 
through  a  resistance,  any  arc  to  earth  is  immediately  isolated  by 
the  operation  of  the  Merz-  Price  balanced  relay  system,  and  the 
arresters  are  not  called  upon  to  continue  operating.  A  star-delta 
transformer  is  employed  for  earthing  to  avoid  disturbance  to  tele- 
phones.    Since  the  neutral  of  the  system  was  earthed,  it  has  been 


Vol.72.   No.  1.844. MABon  28, 1913.]       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


&:rj 


foun.l  that  in  tho  uiftjority  »f  omc«  whore  an  uro  han  occurred  over 
II  lino  inoulator,  the  fault  haH  linon  iBolatcrt  ho  rapidly  an  to  [irovcnt 
ilainai;e  to  tho  iuHiilator,  and  the  lino  hoH  tn-cn  ininiediately  put 
back  into  Horvioo  by  cloHinu  the  nwitohoH. 

At  the  time  of  thi>  initial  inHtallation  the  alnniiniuni  arrcHler 
waH  not  on  the  market,  and  in  conHPciiK'nco.  a  complete  Hy«tom  of 
horn  arrcHterH  waH  coi\necti'd  uji.  The  inont  careful  recordx  have 
hince  liocn  kept  of  the  operation  and  diHcharires  oocurrintr  on  tlu-ne 
arrcHtern.  The  number  of  jirePHure  riHOB  on  each  of  the  phaHitx 
with  iin  earthed  neutral  has  been  found  to  be  e(|ual. 

The  best  oonibinaliou  of  the  numlicr  of  horns,  the  Hpacini;  of 
ari:  (faps,  and  the  amiiunt  ol  rcBistance  to  earth,  hiwl  to  be  deter 
mined  by  experience  and  experiment. 

Durintr  lant  sca.-'on  Home  aluminium  arreHters  were  inntalbHl,  Imt 
no  conclusive  observations  of  their  operations  were  obtained.  This 
system,  however,  has  been  adopted  for  the  protection  of  the  MO,()()U- 
volt  lines,  as  the  experience  on  many  systems  in  America  ha«  boon 
largely  in  favour  of  this  form  of  protection. 

In  order  to  show  the  operatinir  efliciency,  technical  fijjiires  such 
Bs  are  regularly  used  by  this  company,  rather  than  financial  tipures, 
are  put  forward  in  this  paper. 

As  thoy  participate  in  the  profits,  the  consumers  supplied  by  the 
company  ha\e  at  definite  periods  the  right  of  access  to  the  books  in 
order  to  determine  the  cost  of  a  unit  of  power. 


thli  form  of  power  lapply.  The  lyitflin  of  ocntntliainr  the  txim- 
preMor  pUnt  and  traniiraltling  by  pl|ie«  wm  therefore  k<lo|ite(l. 
The  diiiUinco  between  tho  two  extreme  minm  imrvwl  by  th«!  kir-pi|i« 
nynUitn  is  apiToziiiiatnly  M  milo.  The  tot«l  IcnKlh  of  pi|j<!  lai  I  u 
2U  miles,  vn.'yintf  in  diaroct«r  from  'J  I  In.  to  '.«  in. 

Kl  rrclKNiV   llKI-OUT.     OfKIIATION    Dkpahtmknt.     KimiiKitvii  lk 
Station. 

7„„  »-■.•;,■-  rmluiy  (>i-tol„-r  2\W,I,  \'^\'i.     .\o.  1    A,i:>unt.~lh»Ur  llou,f 


Thin 


Kcrk. 


To  enerjfy  in  coal 
UBe<l  (per  unit 
sent  out) 


ToUl 


870      « 60 


Tbli 

w««k.  »«ak. 

iH.'hn.  «w.  br 

Hy  energy  in  nU».m    f>  !iTt  6'.'..1 

I..<-HH  heat  in  hot- 
well  0"6I  o-»;8 

594  hM 

Balance  loat     ...    2  16  ilh 

Total. 


To  energy  in  Bteam 
(from  No.  1  Ac- 
count) ...         •■•    f>''>b      t)"53 

Less  enerpry  to  cool- 
ing pond  ...    4 '50      4 "57 

Available  energy...    r96      1'96 


EflBciencies — Boiler  house 
Condensing  process 
Turbine  house  ... 
Overall 

B.TH.u.  per  watt-hour 


...  H-70  860 

\ii.  2  Account. —  Tuibinr  Iliiiitc. 

By  electric  output  100  TOO 

Balance  lost        ...  0  'Jti  096 


tal 

.  196       1  96 

This  week. 

Lut  week. 

Percent. 

Per  cent. 

680 

680 

.SOO 

:^o•0 

51-0 

510 

\Vh 

iro 

297 

293 

The  supervision  of  the  power  stations  by  the  administration  ia 
based  on  weekly  balance-sheets  from  each  station,  showing  the 
efliciency  of  each  process.  The  form  in  which  these  returns  are 
made  is  based  upon  the  underlyintf  idea  of  energy,  and  all  energy 
in  whatever  form  it  appears,  whether  as  heat  in  the  coal  or  in  the 
steam,  is  expressed  in  the  electrical  engineer's  unit,  i.e.,  the  kilowatt- 
hour,  which  proves  far  more  convenient  than  using  foot-pounds  or 
thermal  units  for  expressing  energy.  The  energy  value  of  each  lb. 
of  coal,  usually  expressed  in  b.th.u.,  is  converted  to  kilowatt- 
hours  by  multiplying  by  0000293  ;  thus,  a  coal  of  11,300  b.tu  u. 
per  lb.  has  a  value  of  3'3  KW.-hours  per  lb. 

The  product  of  the  number  of  lbs.  of  coal  burnt  per  KW.-hour, 
and  the  energy  value  per  lb.  gives  the  coal  energy  required  for 
each  unit  of  electrical  energy  sent  out  :  and  the  reciprocal  of  this 
multiplied  by  100  gives  the  overall  efficiency  of  the  station.  Thus, 
taking  an  average  figure  for  Rosherville  of  21  lb.  of  coal  per  unit 
sent  out,  and  3  3  KW. -hours  (11,300  b.th.u.)  for  the  heat  Yalue 
of  the  coal  per  lb.,  the  overall  efficiency  is  1 2  per  cent. 

In  a  similar  manner  the  energy  in  the  steam  is  calculated  in 
kilowattt-hours  from  MoUier's  steam  tables.  The  boiler  efficiency 
is  the  ratio  of  the  kilowatt-hours  in  the  steam  (less  the  energy 
supplied  from  the  hot  well)  to  the  kilowatt-hours  in  the  coal.  The 
efficiency  of  the  engine  room  plant  is  expressed  as  the  ratio  of 
1  KW.-hour  of  electrical  output  to  the  kilowatt-hours  of  available 
energy  in  the  steam,  i.e..  to  the  total  energy  of  the  steam  less  the 
heat  rejected  to  the  condensers.  The  ratio  of  the  available  energy 
in  the  steam  to  the  total  energy  in  the  steam  gives  a  measure  of 
the  efficiency  of  the  condensing  process. 

The  balance-sheet  and  detailed  report  of  the  Rosherville  station 
show  how  the  returns  of  these  efficiencies  are  regularly  made. 
Similar  returns  are  prepared  for  the  other  stations. 

The  compressed  air  required  for  the  various  mines  had  to  be 
supplied  at  an  average  pressure  of  100  lb.  per  sq.  in.  delivered  on 
the  property  of  each  of  the  consumers.  The  initial  demand 
involved  a  maximum  load  of  about  30,000  KW.  ;  but  this  has  since 
been  neaily  doubled.  All  the  advantages  of  centralisation  of  power 
production,  such  as  the  use  of  large  units,  saving  in  capital  and 
operating  diversity  amongst  the  mines,  spare  plant,  &c.,  apply  to 


Detailed  Report.     Operation  Adjustment.      Rvsheri-iUe  Station. 
Week  ending  October  -rird,  1912. 

Item, 
Output.— 

1.  Units  sent  out 

2.  Units,  per  cent,  of  generated 

Coal. — 

3.  Lb.  per  unit  sent  out ^ 

4.  Calorific  value     b.th  u. 

5.  Energy  per  unit  sent  out        kw. -hours 
M^ater.— 

6.  Condensed  water  per  unit  sent  out     lb. 

7.  Make  up,  per  cent,  of  evaporated 

8.  Hotwell  temperature     ...  deg.  C. 

9.  Energy  in  hotwell  per  unit    KW.-hours 
Steam. — 

10.  Pressure lb.  per  sq.  in. 

11.  Temperature  at  machines  deg.  C. 

12.  Water  evaporated  per  lb.  of  coal        lb. 

13.  Energy  in  stenm  per  unit        KW.-hours 

14.  Vacuum  per  cent.  

15.  Energy  to  cooling  pond  per  unit  KW.-hrs. 
Ash.— 

16.  Percent 


This  week. 

Last  week. 

4.754,000 

4,514.000 

94-20 

94-00 

2 '64 

2-61 

11,250 

11,250 

t<70 

860 

16'20 

16-30 

6-00 

5-50 

68 

1  o 

0'61 

0-68 

224 

224 

297 

296 

6-50 

6-54 

6°55 

6-53 

91-60 

9200 

4-59 

4-57 

lS-70 


18-50 


It  was  decided  to  install  steam-driven  rotary  compressors  at 
Rosherville  Dam  and  to  erect  an  electrically  driven  compressor 
station  at  Robinson  Central  Deep  (fig.  •">),  a  point  six  miles  to  the 
west,  where  a  supply  of  water  was  available  for  cooling  purposes, 
the  two  stations  operating  in  parallel  on  a  common  trunk  pipe 
system.  The  additional  cost  of  two  stations, as  compared  -with  one. 
was  found  to  be  more  than  offset  by  the  saving  in  the  cost  of  aii 


640 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.72.  No.  i,844,  maech  28, 1913. 


mains  and  by  the  beneficial  inflnence  on  the  power  factor  of  the 
compressor  motors  at  Robinson  Central  ;  these  were  designed 
to  operate  at  a  leading:  power  factor  of  S")  per  cent,  at  full  load. 

Six  steam-driven  rotary  compressors  have  consequently  been 
installed  at  Rosherville.  and  six  similar  compressors,  electrically 
driven,  at  Robinson  Central,  each  compressor  being  rated  at  about 
3,500  K\v.  input.  The  orders  for  these  machines  were  distributed 
among  the  three  firms  who  tendered,  namely,  the  Allgemeine  Elek- 
tricitiits  Gesellschaft,  Pokomey  AVittekind,  and  Gutehoffnungshiitte. 
These  machines  are  the  largest  compressors  yet  constructed. 
1,2.")0-K\v.  capacity  representing  the  construction  limit  previou.sly 
reached.  To  meet  the  increase  in  the  demand,  three  adillitional 
steam  compressors,  each  rated  at  7,000-kw.,  are  under  construction. 

Before  electrification,  the  mines  obtained  their  compressed  air 
supply  by  reciprocating  steam-driven  compressors  at  each  mine. 
The  agreement  defined  that  the  consumers  should  pay  the  same 
price  for  any  given  ijuantity  of  compressed  air  as  they  would  have 
paid  for  the  indicated  steam  energy  necessary  to  enable  their  recipro- 
cating compressors  to  produce  this  quantity  of  air,  assuming  that 
they  bought  this  steam  energy  at  the  same  rate  per  kilowatt-hour 
as  they  were  paying  for  electrical  energy  for  other  purjioses.  This 
involved  measuring  the  quantity  of  compressed  air,  which  could 
be  delivered  for  each  r34  i.H.p.hour  (1  KW.-hour)  developed  in  the 
cylinders  of  the  consumers'  reciprocating  compressors. 

The  overall  efficiency  of  the  reciprocating  mine  compressors,  on 
the  average,  was  found  to  be  64'1  per  cent.,  so  the  commercial  air 
unit  was  fixed  at  0(;41  of  the  quantity  of  air  which  would  be  com- 
pressed isothermally  by  the  expenditure  of  1  KW.-hour. 

The  tests  of  the  compressors  had  to  be  conducted  in  South 
Africa,  and  as  no  meter  existed  then,  and  the  usual  methods  of 
testing  compressors  were  far  from  accurate,  new  methods  had  to  be 
devised  to  determine  a  unit  on  which  the  purchase  of  power  worth 
£2.")0,000  a  year  for  20  years  was  to  be  based. 

The  measurement  of  the  discharge  from  the  compressors  through 
orifices  was  decided  upon.  A  master  meter  was  designed  by  the 
Rand  Mines,  Ltd.,  and  constructed  by  Messrs.  Fraser  ..'^  Chalmers, 
which  was  ultimately  erected  in  an  air-testing  station.  The 
orifices  used  in  the  compressor  tests  were  compared  with  this 
master  meter  and  their  coefficients  determined. 

A  general  description  of  the  principle  of  the  Venturi  meter 
adopted  may  be  of  interest.  It  has  been  agreed  that  the  mean 
annual  temperature  on  the  Rand,  60°  F..  should  be  taken  through- 
out, and  similarly  also  the  mean  annual  atmospheric  pressure  of 
12  086  lb.  per  sq.  in.  was  adopted. 

Measurement  of  the  weight  of  air  by  means  of  a  Ventnri  tube  is 
found  by  taking  the  drop  in  pressure  across  the  throat,  and  the 
temperature  and  pressure  at  the  point  of  supply,  in  accordance 
with  the  formula  w  =  k  (p  h/ti)*  ;  where  k  is  a  constant,  h  is  the 
pressure-drop  across  the  throat,  and  p  and  Tj  are  the  pressure  and 
tempera'.ure  respectively  at  the  point  of  supply. 

The  recording  mechanism  has  to  multiply  continuously  two 
variables,  one  dependent  upon  the  weight  of  air  passing,  and  the 
other  on  a  function  of  the  pressure  of  supply.  The  weight  of  air  is 
measured  by  the  drop  of  pressure  across  a  Venturi  tube  (fig.  4) 
fixed  in  the  pipe  line.  In  the  meter  adopted  the  Venturi  head  is 
measured  by  means  of  an  inverted  bell  n,  sealed  by  oil,  the  move- 
ment of  which  is  controlled  by  a  specially  shaped  float  f  that  enters 
and  leaves  a  mercury  l)ith  M.  This  float  is  so  shaped  that  the  dis- 
placement of  the  bell  corresponding  to  any  Venturi  head  is  propor- 
tional to  the  logarithm  of  the  number  of  pounds  of  air  passing  at  a 
given  pressure  and  temperature.  The  arrangement  is  sensitive  to  a 
Venturi  head  of  less  than  one  10,000lh  of  a  pound  per  square  inch, 
and  it  will  measure  a  Venturi  bead  up  to  0'8.")  lb.  per  square  inch. 

The  pressure  of  delivery  is  measured  by  steel  diaphragms  r,  and 
a  displacement  proportional  to  the  logarithm  of  the  required  pres- 
sure function  is  obtained  from  them  by  means  of  a  cam  p  c.  These 
two  displacements,  each  proportional  to  the  logarithm  of  one  of  the 
variables  to  be  measured,  are  added  together  by  means  of  a  differen- 
tial gear,  D  v..  This  combined  displacement  is  finally  converted  by 
means  of  a  logarithmic  cam  l  c  into  a  displacement  proportional 
to  the  power  (kilowatts)  in  the  pounds  of  air  being  delivered. 

The  meter  is  provided  with  direct-reading  recording  dials  which 
are  capable  of  being  connected  with  a  clock-driven  shaft  running 
at  one  revolution  every  two  minutes.  To  avoid  winding,  the  clock 
is  driven  by  a  small  constant-speed  air  turbine.  The  guaranteed 
accuracy  which  has  been  maintained  in  operation  is  as  follows  : — 
Full  load,  within  To  ;  half  load,  175  ;  one-tenth  load,  2'25  per  cent. 

The  meters  were  constructed  by  Messrs.  George  Kent,  Ltd. 

The  results  of  the  operation  of  the  air  system  have  been  observed 
over  the  20  months  since  the  supply  was  first  put  into  commercial 
nse,  and  have  been  very  satisfactory. 

It  has  been  found  that  of  the  air  units  sent  out  95  per  cent,  have 
been  recorded  at  the  consumers'  meters,  3  per  cent,  have  been  lost 
in  transmission,  and  2  per  cent,  are  unaccounted  for.  The  monthly 
air  load  factor  is  at  present  60  per  cent. 

The  author  wishes  to  express  his  thanks  to  Major  the  Hon.  W.  L. 
Bagot,  D.8.O.,  the  company's  general  manager  in  South  Africa  ;  Mr. 
Bernard  Price,  the  chief  engineer  ;  Mr.  G.  M.  Clark,  the  company's 
air  engineer  ;  Prof.  Klingenberg,  of  Berlin  ;  Mr.  T.  L.  Hodgson,  of 
Messrs.  Kent,  Ltd.,  and  to  the  members  of  the  staff  who  have  kindly 
given  their  aesistance  in  the  preparation  of  this  paper. 


Di.scussioN  IN  London. 

Mb.  J.  n.  Rosenthal  said  that  the  arrangement  of  the  boilers  in 
bays  at  right  angles  to  the  engine  room  was  first  used  at  Carville, 
and  had  since  been  repeated  in  a  large  number  of  cases  in  all  parts 
of  the  world.  The  allowance  of  75  h.p.  for  the  induced-draught 
fang  was  above  the  actual  reqairementa  for  two  boilers  and  looked 


large,  but  it  repreeented  a  very  small  percentage  of  the  output.  The 
barometric  pressure  on  the  Rand  was  low,  and  it  would  have  been 
impossible  to  work  this  plant  with  chimneys  in  the  ordinary  way. 
Two  boiler.s  supplied  4,000  n.p.,  and  the  chimneys  were  of  a  peculiar 
shape.  An  advantage  of  the  system  was  that  the  fan  was  not  in 
the  flue  gases,  and  the  special  chimney  gave  a  better  efliciency  than 
the  ordinary  type.  The  output  of  the  plant  was  1-19  kw.  per  sq.  ft. 
of  floor  space — a  record  result  :  at  Dunston  the  output  was  I  12, 
and  at  Lot's  Road  072  KW.  In  that  climate  the  coal  store  need  not 
be  covered,  as  the  coal  did  not  suffer  from  exposure  ;  the  coal  was 
handled  entirely  by  mechanical  means,  white  labour  being  costly 
and  coloured  labour  unsuitable.  The  efficiency  of  C.S  per  cent., 
quoted  in  the  paper,  included  all  stand-by  losses  ;  the  coal  was  of 
very  inferior  quality  but  very  cheap. 

Mb.  H.  Brazil,  referring  to  the  guard  wires,  said  he  understood 
that  in  the  original  installations  barbed  wire  was  used  ;  was  it  any 
better  than  plain  wire  .'  He  asked  what  size  were  the  star-delta 
transformers  that  were  need  to  prevent  disturbance  to  the  tele- 
phones, what  earthing  resistance  was  used  on  the  10,0U0-volt 
system,  and  why  the  arresters  were  grouped  as  shown  in  the  paper. 

Mb.  a.  p.  Tkotteb  remarked  that  overhead  construction  wag 
carried  out  in  a  different  way  in  each  country,  local  conditions 
being  of  the  utmost  importance.  In  this  country  stringent  economy 
was  necessary,  as  compared  with  the  big  job  on  the  Rand.  The 
spans  were  moderate  compared  with  those  used  in  America,  and 
more  in  accordance  with  British  practice.  He  was  pleased  to  see 
the  double  line  of  poles  and  the  ring  main  employed.  He  had 
always  believed  in  the  efficacy  of  the  earth  wire,  especially  when 
it  was  put  aliove  the  line,  and  was  glad  to  learn  that  it  had  proved 
successful.  Barbed  wire  was  not  much  better  than  plain.  The 
clearance  of  24 }  ft.  seemed  to  be  large  ;  in  this  country  haycarts 
were  the  deciding  factor — was  there  any  need  to  go  beyond  18  or 
20  ft.  on  the  Rand  /  The  troubles  due  to  surging  which  were 
cured  by  earthing  the  middle  point  only  occurred  on  long  lines. 

Me.  J.  S.  HiGHi'iELD  said  it  was  important  to  realise  what  a  very 
large  expansion  of  electricity  supply  was  in  progress  in  all  parts 
of  the  world.  These  big  mines  had  found  it  best  to  drop  their 
private  installations,  thus  proving  the  case  for  long-distance  trans- 
missions. The  views  of  twopence-halfpenny  users  of  50  h.p.  on  the 
subject  of  taking  power  from  the  mains  here  made  him  tired  ;  the 
Rand  would  afford  a  useful  argument  to  quote  in  such  cases. 
The  price  of  ■525d.  did  not  appear  to  be  very  low,  in  view  of  what 
was  done  here.  He  was  interested  in  the  co-operative  scheme 
adopted  on  the  Rand,  under  which  the  price  was  subject  to  varia- 
tion ;  it  was  always  difficult  to  fix  the  proper  price  in  advance. 
It  was  essential  to  the  consumer  that  the  supplier  should  make  a 
profit — otherwise  the  plant  could  not  be  kept  up  to  date  tmd 
extended,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  raising  capital.  It  was 
important  that  the  earth  wire  should  be  above  the  line  wires,  and 
be  of  similar  material,  so  as  to  last  as  long  as  the  others,  as  it  was 
a  difficult  wire  to  replace. 

Mb.  a.  Jacob  disagreed  with  Mr.  Trotter's  remarks  concerning 
the  transmission  lines,  as  he  considered  the  American  lines  the 
more  substantial.  The  sag  of  1 0  ft.  appeared  to  correspond  with  a 
factor  of  safety  of  2  on  the  wire,  whereas  5  was  adopted  in  this 
country.  The  towers  had  extremely  long  arms,  and  if  all  the  wires 
were  cut  on  one  side  the  arms  would  be  subjected  to  an  excessive 
stress.  Comparing  the  cost  of  copper  and  aluminium  for  the 
80,000-volt  line,  the  ratio  was  95G  to  826,  even  when  more  rigid 
lines  were  used  for  aluminium,  showing  a  marked  saving  in  favour 
of  the  latter. 

Me.  Da\is  referred  to  the  climatic  difficulties  and  legislative 
restrictions  met  with  in  South  Africa,  and  observed  that  the  use  of 
synchronous  motors  to  drive  the  air-compressors  would  help  the 
power  factor.  He  dealt  at  some  length  with  the  control  and 
operation  of  the  air  compressors,  and  the  mode  of  transmitting  the 
air. 

Mb.  E.  V.  Pannell  remarked  that,  though  there  was  no  likeli- 
hood of  such  big  schemes  being  carried  out  here,  it  should  be 
remembered  that  such  schemes  were  engineered  from  this  country. 
He  criticised  the  weakness  of  the  towers  in  the  event  of  a  heavy 
side  pull,  and  the  small  spread  at  the  base,  and  asked  whether  con- 
crete foundations  were  used  ;  these  sometimes  cost  50  per  cent,  of  the 
whole  cost  of  the  tower.  The  earth  wire  was  useful  in  adding  to 
the  mechanical  stability  of  the  line. 

Mb.  Abthub  Wright  commented  on  the  great  success  of  the 
boiler  house  without  tall  chimneys,  on  the  Prat  system,  and  of  the 
transmission  of  power  by  compressed  air  over  long  distanoes — two 
great  experiments  which  had  been  completely  BUOcesBful.  He 
believed  that  ultimately  all  the  mains  would  be  put  underground,  a* 
that  was  the  only  way  to  overcome  the  trouble  from  lightning. 

In  reply,  Mb.  Hadlky  said  that  the  figures  for  efficiency  were 
not  selected  ;  they  were  ordinary  working  figures,  obtained  at  a 
time  when  the  cooling  water  was  warm.  The  guard  wires  were 
always  of  galvanised  steel  without  a  hemp  core  ;  barbed  wire  had 
only  been  used  to  keep  cattle  oS  the  masts.  The  clearance  of 
24  i  ft.  wa«  provided  to  comply  with  the  Government  regula- 
lations,  and  was  not  really  neccstary  except  to  prevent 
wires  from  being  thrown  over  the  line  and  to  avoid  the 
lashes  of  whips.  The  price  of  '525d.  must  be  considered  in 
connection  with  the  purchasing  power  of  money  in  South 
Africa,  and  was  intended  rather  to  fix  a  maximum  than  tQ 
represent  the  actual  payment.  The  price  was  reviewed  every  year, 
and  after  a  dividend  of  6  per  cent,  had  been  paid,  any  surplus  that 
remained  was  divided,  J  to  the  supplier  and  i  to  the  consumer 
The  factor  of  safety  of  the  line  was  calculated  and  tested  to  5  ; 
each  class  of  line  was  tested,  and  all  the  wires  on  one  side 
were  cut  simultaneously,  without  twisting  the  towers. 
Kg  trouble  was  met  with  from  corona  in  dry  weather.  Legislation 
presented  no  dlffionlties  ;  the  Power  Act  was  quite  reuonable.    H0 


Vol.  72.    No.  l.HII,  Maiicjh  'Jh,  \o\X 


TIJK    Kr,KC'l'lU(.'AL    UKVIKW. 


641 


Kiuv  no  nviilcnrc  of  HtiuKliinliHiitinn  of  towcrn  in  Amt^ricii.  Thi- 
l^iinrd  wir«  liiul  litni  t^ivcii  up  in  (Jontral  (loloruilo,  owin/  to 
niccliiitiiual  trouhlcH.  Ho  kuw  no  roaHon  for  |mttin^  the  linc-H 
unJcrjtroiind  ;  tho  li),'htniii(;  p;r«w  leiiH  troul)U<.><om()  (ivory  yonr, 


KoniKon  Society. 


At  the  meeting  of  the  Itdntpen  Society,  on  Miirch  Itli,  Du.  V. 
llowAlJi)  riUMl'llitls  read  a  paper  on  "  The  Uationale  of  tho  Static 
Current,"  in  which  ho  advocated  a  wider  acceptance  of  thin 
electrical  mode  auionjr  Btitish  olectrotherapcutiHts.  He  considered 
the  current  to  bo  replaceable  by  no  other  form  of  electricity,  and, 
in  particnliir,  to  produce  mechanical  elVect«  which  were  unobtain- 
able by  other  means.  These  ellecta  were  due  to  the  diffuwion  (.f  the 
current  caused  by  its  high  voltatje  — runninjr  from  (lOO.OOO  up  to  a 
million  volts.  In  the  course  of  the  discussion  Mh.  R.  M.  Siankhhy 
said  that  there  were  certain  pDints  of  difference  between  the  static 
current  and  the  ordinary  coil  current  which  oupht  to  be  investi- 
(jated.  After  10  years'  experience  of  working  solely  with  static 
currents  for  X-ray  production,  he  had  had  no  effect  of  dermatitis, 
althoujifh  he  had  not  protected  himself  in  any  way.  In  reply  to  a 
question  as  to  climatic  conditions  and  their  inituence  upon  the 
static  machine,  Dr.  Humphris  said  that  the  supposed  dampness  of 
the  climate  was,  he  thouRfht,  an  overrated  bugbear.  He  had 
practised  for  10  years  in  a  damper  climate  than  this,  where  the 
relative  humidity  was  always  over  90,  and  also  in  the  Southern 
States  of  Amer.ca,  where  it  was  over  '.)."),  and  had  been  suc- 
cessful. But  in  the  English  climate,  if  proper  attention 
were  paid  to  the  machine,  and  due  cleanliness  observed,  there 
would  be  little  or  no  difficulty.  If  a  static  machine  was 
out  of  condition  on  1  per  cent,  of  the  days  on  which  it  was  in  use, 
he  thought  its  owner  was  unfortunate.  With  regard  to  the  use  of 
the  static  machine  as  a  means  of  \-ray  production,  10  years  ago  in 
the  United  States  it  was  generally  believed  that  dermatitis  could 
not  be  produi'ed  under  such  circumstances,  but  subsequently  he 
went  over  to  Paris  and  was  there  undeceived.  Burns,  and  very  bad 
burns,  could  be  produced. 

At  the  same  meeting.  Dr.  H.  Lewis  Jones  brought  forward  an 
interesting  communication,  the  purpose  of  which  was  to  amplify  a 
previous  address  by  Prof.  Silvanus  Thompson  on  the  physiological 
effects  produced  by  an  alternating  magnetic  field.  With  the  head 
inserted  between  the  poles  of  a  magnet.  Prof.  Thompson  had  b?en 
able  to  observe  a  faint,  flickering  illumination  over  the  whole  field 
of  vision.  Previous  workers,  however,  had  had  negative  results 
with  experiments  along  similar  lines,  and  this  contradictoriness 
Dr.  Jones  attributed  to  the  differences  in  the  duration  of  the 
induced  currents  which  were  set  up.  If  the  retina  was  to  be 
stimulated,  a  current  must  have  a  much  longer  duration  than  was 
necessary  for  the  motor  and  sensory  nerves.  He  had  ascertained 
from  some  experiments  with  the  mechanical  interrupter 
of  Leduc,  that  the  retina  was  unable  to  respond  to  electrical 
impulses  of  a  briefer  duration  than  oJjith  of  a  second.  In 
an  apparatus  in  which  everything  was  unchanged  ex- 
cept the  duration  of  the  individual  impulses,  it  was 
possible  to  regulate  the  retinal  effect,  and  watch  it  come  and  go. 
The  fluttering  light — which,  of  course,  was  subjective — was 
observed  at  its  maximum  with  waves  of  about  one-fiftieth  of  a 
second,  or  longer  ;  when  much  shorter  than  this,  the  retinal 
response  died  quite  away,  although  the  muscular  tvvitching 
remained.  The  retina  was  very  slow  to  respond  to  electrical 
stimulation,  and  would  not  respond  at  all  to  the  short  waves. 


Physical    Society. 


At  the  meeting  held  on  February  28th,  a  paper  on  the  "  Interference 
of  Rontgen  Radiation,"  by  Prof.  C.  G.  Barckla  and  Mr.  G.  H. 
Martyn,  was  read  by  Prop.  Barckla. 

The  authors  have  made  a  preliminary  investigation  of  the 
Rontgen  radiation  proceeding  from  a  crystal  of  rock  salt  (which 
is  of  the  simple  cubical  form)  when  a  pencU  of  Roatgen  radiation 
is  incident  in  a  direction  nearly  grazing  one  of  the  three  sets  of 
mutually  perpendicular  cleavage  planes.  Using  a  very  narrow  pencil 
of  radiation,  it  was  seen  that  the  principal  secondary  pencil  was 
one  obeying  the  laws  of  reflection  from  the  cleavage  planes. 

A  diverging  pencil  of  radiation  was  directed  on  to  a  crystal  so 
that  various  portions  were  incident  on  the  cleavage  planes  at 
different  angles.  The  intensity  of  the  reflected  pencil  varied 
periodically  with  varying  angle  of  incidence,  the  maximum  being 
separated  by  intervals  corresponding  to  approximately  equal  incre 
ments  in  the  value  of  cos  9,  where  6  was  the  angle  of  incidence  on 
the  reflecting  planes.  Such  a  series  of  maxima  may  be  explained 
by  interference  of  the  pencils  reflected  from  equal  spaced  parallel 
pl&nes,  the  maxima  being  spectra  of  various  orders.  The  wave- 
length, calculated  on  the  assumption  that  these  are  planes  passing 
through  corresponding  portions  of  molecules  in  the  planes  of 
deavugp,  and  that  a  molecule  is  simply  NaCl,  is  found  to  be 
0'6  X  10"''  om.  This  value  agrees  remarkably  well  with  the  value 
(between  I  and  2  X  10"*  cm.)  calculated  from  the  velocity  of 
ejection  of  electrons  by  this  X-radiation,  taking  this  to  behave  as 
ultra-violet  light  of  short  wave-length. 

A  paper  on  "  Alternating-Current  Magnets  "  was  read  by  Pbof. 
E.  Wilson. 

It  follows  from  the  well-known  law  of  pull  of  an  electromagnet 
that  if  the  magnetic  field  alternates  between  positive  and  negative 
values  the  pull  is  unidirectional  and  intermittent.  Unless  means 
iue  provid^  to  reduce  the  consequent  chattering  and  vibration,  the 


magnet  in  reiidnrcd  uwIcwm.  In  the  prmnnt  irxperimenU  •  phane- 
Hplittinif  dcvici)  huM  bw^n  wlopt'td,  and  conniiiti  in  Bnrriinniilng  a 
iHirtion  of  lh<!  polf-[iie4:i'  of  the  rniik'm-t  with  a  "hortcimiitt*!  coil. 
J'hc  portion  of  the  poli!-i)ie':<!  ho  surrounded  ii  mjiii<!tirn(»t  »»id  Vi  Ijo 
''  iihaJde<l,  '  and  tho  coil  rofcirrwl  to  an  a  "  iihading  <:oil.  The  effect 
of  this  <!<)il  iH  to  ult4!r,  not  only  tho  relative  aniplilrider.  but  the 
phaxo  of  the  magnetic  fi(d'in  piicHing  throut^h  the  nho'lod  and 
unt*ha(te<l  portioim  of  the  pole-fa<x!.  The  mot; net  uHci  in  the 
oxperimentH  varieH  the  length  of  ltd  gap  when  in  a'rtion,  and  the 
inlluence  of  tho  gap  length  upon  thiH  phane-diHpla';einent  haM  been 
studied.  When  tho  rcfiMtance  of  tho  Hhwiing  ''oil  ix  Much  that  the 
magnetic  induction  li  over  the  whole  ftt<;e  im  Hutmtantially  uniform 
and  the  gap  cIopimI,  the  phaMC-di«placemcnt  is  "2  ehrctricil  deffreca 
(iJtiO"  =  1  period).  A  gap  length  of  0  15  cm.  reduce-t  the  phawe- 
diHplacemcnt  to  \H'  and  coiiMtquently  the  minimum  or  "hold- 
on  '  pull  dropf.  'I'hiH  minimum  or  "  hold-on  "  pull  Ih,  of  conrw.-, 
smaller  than  the  average,  and  hafl  to  l-c  taken  into  conMideralion  in 
the  design  of  the  magnet.  The  arrangement  of  the  shading  c<jil 
above  dcicribed  is  very  effective  in  preventinz  vibra'ion  and 
chattering  when  the  magnet  is  closed,  and  renders  the  alternating- 
current  magnet  a  practical  huccchs. 

With  constant  alternating  voltage  impressed  upon  the  mag- 
netising coils  of  the  magnet  the  net  pull  exerted  diminishes  rapidly 
at  first  as  the  gap  length  increases  and  tends  to  become  more  nearly 
constant.  The  R.M.S.  amperes,  on  the  other  hand,  steadily  increa.te 
as  the  pull  diminishes,  owing  to  the  increase  in  the  gap  length. 

The  observed  net  pull  in  the  case  of  the  magnet  experimented 
upon  is  less  than  the  calculated  average  pull,  varying  from  f.i  to  '>'.> 
per  cent,  as  the  gap  length  varies  from  0  to  1  cm.  The  fretjuency 
used  was  50.  The  large  displacement  of  phase  only  occurred  when 
the  air-gap  was  small,  but  it  was  only  when  the  armature  was 
actually  in  contact  with  the  pole  that  it  was  required  to  abolish 
the  chattering. 


PAINTING     CARS     WITH     ENAMEL     BAKED 
ELECTRICALLY. 


By  the  use  of  a  baking  enamel  (instead  of  linseed  oil  paint  or  air- 
drying  enamel)  the  Hudson  and  Manhattan  Riilroad  Co.  are  able 
to  get  cars  through  the  painting  shops  in  two  days,  as  compared 
with  from  6  to  H  days  required  by  the  nsual  process.  Baking 
enamel  has  been  used  for  years  past  on  automobile  bodies  and  for 
finishing  such  parts  of  railway  coaches  as  can  easily  be  stoved,  but 
we  believe  this  is  the  first  case  in  which  entire  cars  have  been 
painted  with  this  material.  The  success  of  the  new  method  and 
the  advantares  which  it  offers  to  traction  companies  are  so  con- 
siderable, that  we  have  no  hesitation  in  presenting  the  following 
notes,  abstracted  from  a  more  detailed  article  in  the  Electric 
Railway  Journal. 

The  enamel  used  in  this  case  is  the  ordinary  varnish-pigment 
baking  mixture,  the  hardening  of  which  requires  the  evaporation 
of  turpentine  and  the  oxidation  of  residual  oils,  the  action  being 
assisted  by  fossil  gum.  Baking  enamels  are  essentially  the  same  as 
air-drying  enamels,  but,  being  dried  artificially,  they  may  contain 
ingredients  which  give  a  hard  tough  surface,  and,  since  they  can 
be  applied  in  a  very  free-running  state,  they  are  economical  in  use, 
and  the  dried  surface  has  an  admirable  gloss.  Experience  in  the 
automobile  industry  appears  to  show  little  difference  in  durability 
between  air-dried  and  baked  enamels,  but  the  latter  have  a  better 
appearance,  and  are  more  economical  and  expeditious  in  use. 

In  the  present  connection,  it  is  essential  that  the  baking^  enamel 
used  should  dry  completely  during  a  single,  short-period  heating,  so 
that  each  layer  assumes  its  permanent  state  before  the  next  coating 
is  applied.  This  condition  is  not  realised  in  air-drying  enamels, 
hence  the  network  of  cracks  which  soon  appears  on  the  surface  of 
the  latter  in  service. 

There  are  three  successful  methods  of  baking  enamel  on  railway 
cars  : — (1)  Stove  the  whole  car  in  a  kiln  of  suitable  size,  repeating 
the  stoving  for  each  coat ;  (2)  bake  the  priming  and  first  coat  of 
enamel  at  a  moderate  temperature  and  air-dry  the  subsequent 
varnish  coats  ;  (3)  seal  all  outlets  and  bake  the  interior  of  the  car 
by  electric  heaters. 

The  latter  method  is  the  first  to  be  adopted  as  standard  on  any 
railway,  and  is  that  used  by  the  Hudson  i  Manhattan  Co.  This 
company's  oars  run  chiefly  in  subways,  hence  the  external 
appearance  of  the  vehicles  is  not  studied,  but  paint  is,  of  course, 
applied  to  keep  the  steel  from  rusting.  In  ordinary  cases,  hovrever, 
the  outside  of  cars  must  also  be  enamelled,  and,  to  apply  the  present 
process,  it  is  only  necessary  to  partition  off  a  space  large  enough  to 
hold  the  car  and  heat  this  enclosure  by  five  or  six  sets  of  electric 
car-heaters. 

After  prolonged  experiments,  the  Hudson  &  Manhattan  Co,  have 
adopted  the  following  practice : — The  bulk  of  the  old  enamel  is 
removed  by  hand-scraping,  and  a  varnish  remover  is  then  carefully 
applied  and  followed  by  a  cleaning  with  gasoline  on  cotton  waste. 
The  car  is  then  heated  to  200°  F.  (this  temperature  not  affecting 
the  wiring  in  the  car),  by  the  suspension  of  three  extra  seta  of 
eleotrio  oar-heaters  from  the  hand  rods.  About  50  KW.  is 
required  to  maintain  this  temperature  in  a  41  ft.  X  8  ft.  10  in. 
car  with  monitor-deck  roof.  Current  is  controlled  from  outside 
the  car  in  accordance  with  the  readings  of  thermometers  visible 
through  the  windows.  During  baking,  the  car  doors  and  windows 
are  closed,  and  ventilator  apertures,  &c,,  are  covered  with  layers  of 
newspapers  held  down  by  tar.    When  the  car  has  been  heated  to 


642 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE^TEW.      [Voi.  72.  No.  mi,  mabch  28,  1918. 


200*  F.  for  1  hour,  it  U  allowed  to  cool  to  about  115°  F.  and  the 
primingr  is  applied  and  baked  at  200°  F.  for  3  hours.  •  The  second 
and  third  coats  are  applied  with  the  air  in  the  car  cooled  to  70° — 
80°  F.  and  are  baked  at  140*  F.  for  3  hours  each.  The  last  coat  is 
baked  at  130°  F.  for  3  hours.  If.  for  any  reason,  the  priming  cannot 
be  baked  at  200°  F.,  the  first  coat  should  be  baked  for  4  hours  at 
105°  F.  It  is  specially  important  that  the  procetlure  recommended 
for  the  application  and  baking  of  the  priming  be  followed  as  clo.-Jely 
as  pos-aible.  The  final  appearance  is  at  lea.st  equal  to  that  (^iven  by 
the  best  g-rades  of  air-dryin?  coach  colours  and  rnbbinR-  varnishes.  At 
a  conservative  estimate,  the  new  method  occupies  only  from  20  per 
cent,  to  2.">  per  cent,  of  the  time  required  by  ordinary  systems  ;  the 
percentag^e  of  the  car  e<iuipnicnt  held  idle  for  painting  is  correspond- 
ingly reduced  and,  in  many  cases,  the  coat  of  varnish  which  is 
annually  given  to  surface  cars,  could  be  applied  between  rush 
hours. 

First-class  materials  and  labour  must  be  used  where  enamel 
baking  is  practised,  but  any  additional  outlay  under  this  heading 
is  compensated  by  the  reduced  charges  on  idle  equipment.  By  the 
above  process,  the  cost  of  application  of  baking  enamel  is  roughly 
equal  to  that  of  high-grade  painting.  The  cost  of  painting  the 
interior  of  a  car.  41  ft.  between  bulkheads  by  8  ft.  10  in.  over 
sills,  is  as  follows  (.average  H.  and  M.  Railway  data)  — 


White  ceiling 

(400  Eq.  ft.). 

Green  sices. 

Removing  old  paint  t  ... 

28s.  lOd. 

(>2s. 

Quarts  of  paint  in  each  coat  ... 

1-5,  vr,,  2,  2 

2-5,  2,   4,  2" 

Total  cost  of  paint       

26s.  6d. 

4  Is.  (Jd. 

Labour  cost  of  painting 

21s.  6d. 

30s. 

Labour      cost       of       sandiug 

between  coats           

5s.  6d. 

12s. 

Total 


82s.  4d. 


To  these  amounts  must  be  added  4s.  for  connecting  extra  heaters 
and  15s.  for  energy  at  0"3d.  per  KW.-hour,  making  a  total  cost  of 
£12  73.  per  car.  The  cost  of  materials  is  about  half  as  great 
as  where  air-drying  enamel  is  used,  owing  to  the  greater  covering 
power  of  the  baking  enamel. 

The  wooden  sashes  on  the  H.  and  M.  cars  are  treated  as  though 
they  were  of  steel,  except  that  the  thoroughly  hardened  old  paint 
is  not  removed  before  applying  new  enamel.  When  enamelling  new 
or  cleaned  wood,  an  oil  primer  should  be  used  ;  this  need  not  be 
followed  by  more  than  two  coats  of  baking  enamel  to  secure 
excellent  results. 

Standard  varnish  removers  can  be  used  to  remove  baking  enamel, 
but  the  special  hardness  of  the  latter  makes  the  operation  more 
di£Bcult  than  usual. 


1910. 


1911. 


Francs.         Francs. 
Steam  engine*,  cranes,  pumps,  turbines,  S^'c. — 
To  Germany  1.596,000      1,873,000 


France 

,,  Belgium 

..  Russia 

..  British  India  ... 

..  Japan 

.,  ('anada 

,,  Other  countries 

Total 
(ins,  jiftnil,  henzine,  hut  ai 

To  France 

„    Italy     

.,    Great  Britain ' 

.,    Russia  ...         

„   Roumania       

„    Egypt  

,,   Algeria  and  Tunis     ... 
,,    Argentina 

.,    Australia         

„    Other  countries 

Total 
Electric  meters. — 

To  Germany  

„   Austria-Hungary 
,,   France  ... 

„   Italy     

,,    Other  countries 

Total 

Steam  and  electric  loeomotives- 

To  France  

,,    Servia  ... 

,,    Dutch  E.  Indies 

„   Argentina 

„    Other  countries 


938,000 

576.000 

1,121,000 

208,000 

45.000 

1.670,000 


1,214.000 

1,280,000 

1,428,000 

441,000 

183,000 

100,000 

1.164,000 


iVc,  miliars. — 

.      1,779,000 

.      1,629,000 

710,000 

678,000 

638,00(1 

144,000 

46,000 

158,000 

76,000 

1,431,000 


1,884,000 

1,425,000 

1,161,000 

1,132,000 

641,000 

432,000 

281,000 

lf.8.000 

279.000 

1,878,000 


40,000 

57,000 

163,000 

203,000 

128,000 


106,000 
131,000 
244.000 
207,000 
174,000 


83.000 


635,000 
414,000* 


1,09:1000 

109,000 

493,000 

339,000  ■ 

83,000 


Total         ...      1,032,000      2,117,000 
*  Norway,    300,000   francs. 

Note.— 25  francs  =  £1. 


Inc.or  dee. 
Franos. 


277,000 
276.000 
704,000 
307,000 
233,000 
138,000 
100,000 
506,000 


6,1.".4,000      7,6«3,000         +1,529,000 


105,000 
104,000 
441,000 
454,000 
3,000 
288,000 
235,000 
10,000 
203,000 
447,000 


7,189,000  9,271,000    +2,082,000 


66,000 
77,000 
81,000 
4,000 
46,000 


591,000    865,000    +  274,000 


+  1,010.000 
+  109,000 
+  493,000 

—  196,000 

—  331,000 

+  1,085,000 


EXPORTS    STATISTICS    OP     SWITZERLAND. 


The  following  figures  showing  the  exports  of  electrical  and  similar 
machinery  from  Switzerland  in  1911  are  taken  from  the  recently 
issued  oflScial  trade  statistics  ;  the  particulars  for  1910  are  added 
for  purposes  of  comparison  and  notes  of  any  increases  or  decreases 
are  given  : — 


Dynamo-electric  machines 
transformers  of  all  kinds. 
To  Germany 

„   Austria 

„   France 

„   Italy 

,,    Belgium 

„   Great  Britain  ... 

,,   Russia  ... 

,,   Spain 

,.    British  India  ... 

„    Mexico... 

.,    B'razil  ... 

.,    Argentina 

,,    Other  countries 

Total 

Hydraulic  and  xcind  motor.- 

To  Germany 
„    France... 

„    Italy       

„   Great  Britain  ... 
,.    Russia  ... 

„  .Spain 

„   Japan  

„   Canada 

„   Mexico 

„   Brazil  ... 

,,    Argentina 

„    Other  countries 

ToUl 


1910. 

and  electric 
—      Francs. 

..      2,070,000 

897,000 

..      3,108,000 

..      2,874,000 

342,000 

573,000 

997,000 

..      1,340,000 

78.000 

38,000 

179  000 

523,000 

2,647,000 


1911.         Inc.  or  dec. 


Francs. 

2.742,0C0 

767.000 

4,675,000 

1,298.000 

1,03(5,000 

1,374,000 

1.306,000 

1,319,000 

253.000 

1.56,000 

627,000 

730,000 

1,765,000 


950.000 
586.000 
943,000 
40.3,000 
267,000 
295,000 
431,000 

66,000 
650,000 
111.000 

61,000 
1,468,000 


1,342,000 
999,000 
549,000 
352,000 
263.000 
385,000 
937,000 
560,000 
180,000 
362,000 
168,000 

1,060,000 


France. 
+•  672,000 

—  130,000 
+  1,567,000 
-1,576,000 
+•  694,000 
f  801,000 
+  309,000 

-  21,000 
175,000 
118,000 
448,000 
207,000 
882,000 


+ 


15.666,000    18.048,000         +2.382,000 


392,000 
413,000 
394,000 

51,000 
4,000 

90,000 
506,000 
500,000 
470.000 
251,000 
107,000 
398,000 


6,221,000   7,163,000    +  9«2,000 


HYDRO-ELECTRIC    WORKS    ON    THE 
MISSISSIPPI. 


What  is  described  as  the  world's  largest  hydro-electric  develop' 
ment  will  ultimately  utilise  over  300,000  h.p.  from  the  River 
Mississippi,  at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  is  now  practically  half  com- 
pleted. From  the  Southern  Electrician  we  draw  the  following 
particulars  : — The  concrete  dam  across  the  river  is  4,649  ft.  long, 
53  ft.  high,  and  42  ft.  and  29  ft.  in  nfridth  at  its  base  and  top 
respectively;  it  comprises  119  similar  spans,  carries  a  causeway 
along  its  top,  and  provides  deep  water  navigation  65  miles  up  the 
river.  Between  the  power  house  and  the  Iowa  shore,  a  large  lock 
(110  ft.  wide  and  40  ft.  lift)  and  dry  dock  have  been  built.  The 
power  house  is  of  concrete  construction,  is  1,718  x  133  ft.  in  plan, 
and  70  ft.  high  to  the  generator  floor  ;  from  this  fioor  to  the  roof 
pinnacle  is  107  ft.  6  in.  The  building  is  set  almost  parallel  to  the 
river,  and  will  ultimately  contain  30  9,000-K  \  .a.  umbrella-type 
alternators  ;  half  this  equipment  is  nearly  ready  for  service.  The 
turbines  are  of  the  Francis  type,  IC  ft.  2  in.  in  diameter  at  the  20 
buckets,  and  each  is  placed  in  a  scroll  case  (39  ft.  diameter  x  22  ft. 
high)  fed  by  four  intakes  which — initially  parallel — sweep  round 
to  supply  the  whole  turbine  periphery  uniformly.  The  total  load 
on  each  main  thrust  bearing  is  246  tons,  and  the  shaft  is 
26  in.  in  diameter.  Rated  at  32  ft.  head  (the  actual  head  varying 
from  29  to  43  ft.),  the  turbines  are  of  86  per  cent,  efficiency  when 
running  at  577  R. P.M. 

The  three-phase  alternators  are  rated  at  9,000  K.V.A.,  11,000 
volt?,  25  cycles,  and  have  a  full-load  efficiency  of  96"3  per  cent., 
and  13  per  cent,  regulation  at  unity  p.f.  :  each  machine  weighs 
27'5  tons,  and  is  provided  with  a  brake  to  hasten  shutting  down  ; 
the  armatures  are  30  ft.  9  in.  in  external  diameter.  Excitation  is 
by  an  unusual  system  ;  turbine-driven  alternators  (ultimately  four 
in  number),  rated  at  2,000  k.v.a.,  460  volts,  25  cycles,  feed  three- 
phase  bus-bars  running  the  whole  length  of  the  generator  room. 
Thence  100-KW.  motor-generators,  located  in  a  gallery  8  ft.  above 
the  floor,  excite  each  alternator  at  250  volts.  A  reserve  440-volt 
bus-bar,  excited  through  a  600-k.v.a.  three-phase  transformer  from 
the  main  power  circuit,  is  installed  for  each  group  of  generators. 

Duplicate  bns-bars  are  installed  on  both  high  and  low-tension 
systems,  and  all  generators,  transformers  and  lines  have  selector 
switches  enabling  connection  to  be  made  to  either  bus-bar.  One  l.t. 
bus-bar  runs  the  whole  length  of  the  station,  and  will  be  used  for 


Vol.72.   No.  i.Hii,  MAuoi.  2s,  i-ji:..]       'j'llK    K liKC'L'IUCA h    KI'lVfKW. 


648 


trantifor  iintl  in  oniori;oncy.  Tho  iiorinul  oporutin^  liiiM-biir  him  Hcotion 
Bwito)ioH  and  uurront  limitini;  rouotancoH.  Kiu-.h  ruactanuu  iH  ruled 
nt  2  li>  K.V.A.,  and  conipriHeH  conorolo  coroH  wouiul  with  cupper  oablu  ; 
tolftl  woijrht  12  tons.  The  i^onorutorH  and  truiiMf«rni<irH  t^^.o^\iDg 
each  out^oini;  lino  will  bo  on  n  Moparutn  itcction  of  thu  buH-liar,  bat, 
ordinarily,  the  .sectionH  aru  paralleled  throui;h  thii  rcantancuH,  and 
the emcrffoncy  buH-bar  nnitcH  tho  iokIh  of  thu  main  bim-liar  and  fornix 
a  "ring."  Kxcept  tho  i,.t.  biiH-Hootion  Hwit'dios,  all  nwitchoH  are 
non-automatio  and  arranirod  so  that  tronbic  on  ono  Hoctiou  opon.s 
its  two  section  switches,  reduces  tho  (ronerator  voltai;o  and  l^-aves 
(jenorators,  transformers  and  lincx  connected  topfethor.  One  H.T. 
bus-bar  is  out  into  sections  corrospondinK  to  tho  linos  ;  tho  gootions 
of  tho  other  can  be  paralleled  if  desired. 

The  three-phase  transformers  are  rated  ot  K.OOO  k.v.a.,  11,000/ 
110,000  volts,  and  are  connected  delta  low-tension  and  star  hijfh- 
tension,  with  neutral  dead  earthed  ;  each  occupies  K  x  It;  ft.  X 
21  ft.  total  heifrht,  and  containing  10,000  irallons  of  oil,  weitrhs 
103  tons  complete.  The  ll.T.  busbars  consist  of  2  in.  standard 
iron  pipe,  from  which  line  connections  are  made  with  r2.")-in. 
copper  pipe.  The  roof  bushings  (jive  a  safety  factor,  on  line 
voltape,  of  3  under  rain  and  4  under  dry  test.  Rotary  double-break 
air  disconnectinjT  switches  arc  mounted  24  ft.  between  line  phaeea 
and  have  I2-ft.  arms. 

The  entire  station  is  controlled  from  a  switchboard  room  on 
the  top  floor,  in  the  centre  of  the  building,  and  complete  tele- 
phonic communication  is  provided  between  every  part  of  the  build- 
ing, the  sub-ptations  and  distributing  points  and  the  chief 
despatcher's  desk  and  switchboard.  An  extensiTe  oil-treating, 
storing  and  distributing  system  is  installed,  in  addition  to  distinct 
water  supplies  for  transformer  cooling,  fire  protection  and  general 
station  use. 

Power  is  distributed  locally  at  11,000  volts,  and  through  the 
populous  country  along  the  river  at  110,000  volts.  The  137-mile8 
E.H.T.  line  to  St.  Louis  comprises  two  300,000-cm.  copper  circuits 
carried  10  ft.  between  phases  in  vertical  planes  on  either  side  of 
80-ft.  steel  towers  placed  800  ft.  apart.  Anchor  towers  at  1 -mile 
intervals  will  withstand  breakage  of  all  the  line  conductors  and  the 
S-in.  steel  ground  wire  ;  other  towers  will  withstand  breakage  of 
two  wires.  Steel  conductors  placed  24  ft.  apart  arc  used  for  the 
single  spans  over  the  Mississippi  (twice)  and  Missouri  (once).  Seven- 
part  suspension  insulators  are  used  (flash-over  440  KV.  dry,  330  KV. 
wet). 


ELECTRIC    CONTROL    OP   BOILER   FEED. 


The  accompanying  illustration  shows  the  essential  features  of  an 
ingenious  and  practical  electric  water-level  regulator  for  steam 
boilers.  The  equipment  comprises  a  float  s,  an  electromagnet  M 
(mounted   adjustably   on   a   standpipe  p  on    the  boiler),    and    an 

To  Magnet     Coy.^ro/linq 
reed    Pump     Stop  Vol^e 


armature  carryinir  &  nduy  contiuTt.  An  air  brakr  on  th«  vkWe 
inuirnut  core  providcM  for  rapid  o|M;niDK  and  itra'lual  clri*in(r  of  tb« 
fped  vaivf,  and  an  alarm  Hii;nat  in  (rivrn  In  tbi;  cvrat  of  carrmt 
failure  or  of  over-fwrilinif. 

Ah  thi;  Htniid -pipe  ih  clom-d  at  the  top,  no  Rtufflnff-box  i*  iteomarjr, 
and  tho  upparuliiH  iu,  thitroforo,  not  liable  to  Ntick. 

This  apparaliiH  is  dimigniid  for  operation  on  llo  or  220-volt 
circuits,  and  '\*  m\u\r  in  hIwm  Huitabl<;  for  b<jilcr»  havlpif  ;),fxK)  or 
.1  ,'.00  H).  ft,  heating  surfaw.  Where  cl«:trif:  iK)wcr  in  u»e<l  for 
driving  ffcd-piinipH,  chain  grat«ii,  draiiifht  fann,  \c.,  thin  reKulator 
i»  vory  fUHily  applied,  and  itx  uho  rcHultH  in  incrca««d  efflcienoy  of 
steam  raising  and  r«:ilu<;cd  liability  to  a';cidfnt.  The  manofa<;turor* 
arc  tlM:  llannovir-MoHchinnnlMiu  A.(i.      EUk.  An:,  and  /,'.  u.  M. 


electromagnetically  controlled  feed  valve  v.  The  float  has  a  guide 
rod.  penetrating  the  standpipe  P,  and  carrying  an  iron  block  b. 
The  relative  position  of  n  and  m  is  so  adjusted  that,  when  the 
water  level  in  the  boiler  is  normal,  b  lies  above  m,  but  as  the 
water  level  sinks  and  the  float  descends,  b  practically  closes  the 
magnetic   circuit  of  M  and  thus  enables  the  latter  to  attract  an 


FOREIGN  AND  COLONIAL  TARIFFS  ON 
ELECTRICAL  GOODS. 

Amendmenth. 

NEW  ZEAL.XNl).— The  New  Zealand  Customs  Authoritien  hare 
issued  the  following  decisions  as  to  the  duties  to  be  levied  on 
cf  rtain  electrical  and  similar  goods  on  importation  ;  the  dutiex  in 
all  cases  are  those  levied  on  British  goods  under  the  Preferential 
Tariff  :— 

Nachod  automatic  signalling  gear  lor  electric  tramway  ;  tele- 
phone transmitters,  mouthpieces,  transmitter  diaphragms  and  hand 
combinations  ;  extension  bells  being  telephone  accessories  ;  vul- 
canite nipples,  claimed  as  electrical  insulating  material :  20  per 
cent,  ml  lal. 

AUSTRALIA.  — The  Australian  Customs  Authorities  have 
decided  that  "telephone  counters'"  are  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of 
20  per  cent,  ad  ral.  under  the  British  preferential  tariff. 

RUSSIA.— The  Commercuil  (iazittr  of  St.  Petersburg  reports  the 
introduction  of  a  Bill  authorising  the  Council  of  Ministers,  on  the 
suggestion  of  the  Minister  of  Commerce  in  conjunction  with  the 
Minister  of  Finance,  to  permit  the  duty  free  importation  of  foreign 
products  for  their  manufacture  into  finished  articles  or  for  final 
finishing,  on  condition  that  they  are  subsequently  exported  in  the 
form  of  finished  articles,  within  a  time  to  he  decided  on  by  the 
Ministers  under  a  separate  application  in  each  case,  and  provided 
that  the  products  in  no  way  circulate  in  the  Russian  market.  The 
Minister  of  Finance  will  require  the  deposit  of  the  amount  of  duty 
ordinarily  payable,  as  guarantee  for  the  manufacture  and  sub- 
sequent exportation  of  the  finished  articles. 

BRAZIL.— The  Brazilian  Budget  Law  provides  for  the  entry  of 
certain  goods  at  specially  low  rates  of  duty  as  follows  : — Materials 
destined  for  the  first  public  installation  of  light,  power,  and  electric 
tramways,  &c.,  when  imported  on  the  requisition  of  the  Governments 
of  the  States  or  the  municipalities  (including  the  Federal  District 
authorities)  for  works  undertaken  by  them,  are  to  pay  8  per  cent,  ad 
ral.  The  reduced  (,ad  ral.)  rates  of  duty  resulting  from  the  present  law 
are  to  be  calculated  on  the  official  values  in  cases  where  a  fixed 
duty  is  assigned  in  the  Customs  tariff ;  as  regards  goods  which  are 
tariffed  ad  ral,  the  commercial  value  is  to  form  the  ba'is  of  assess- 
ment. In  the  ca?e,  however,  of  material  for  sanitary  work?,  the 
duty  is  to  be  calculated  on  the  commercial  or  invoice  value  of  the 
goods, 

BELGIUM. — The  Customs  authorities  have  issued  a  notice  to  the 
effect  that  time  switches  imported  into  Belgium  are  to  be  dutiable 
as  apparatus  which  is  classified  in  the  tariff  as  follows  : — 

Of  aluminium      40  fr.  per  100  kg 

„  cast-iron  2 

„  wrought-iron  or  steel  4 

,,  copper  or  any  other  material  ...         .,■     12         ,, 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR.     1913. 

(NOT  TKT  PUBLISHED.) 

Compiled  expressly  for  this  joarnal  by  Messks.  W.  P.  Thompson  4  Co., 
Eleotrioal  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holbom,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inauiries  should  be  addressed, 


5,830.  "Electric fuse  holders."  Electric  and  Obdnaxce  Accessories  Co., 
Ltd.,  and  E,  Houkll,    March  10th. 

5,872'.  "Electrical  alarm  signalling  apparatus  for  ordnance.  '  F.  Kbcpp 
Akt-Ges.  (Convention  date,  April  2and,  1912,  Geimany  )  March  lOlh. 
(Complete.) 

5,90;!.  "  Electrical  sockets."  Siemens  ecBViKERTWEEKK  G  m,b.H. 
(Convention  date   March  20th,  1912,  Germany,*    March  10th.    (Complete.) 

5,909.  "  Combined  globe  and  reflector  for  incandescent  lamps."  E.  Wipmer. 
March  10th. 

5,926.    "Electrical  machines."    F.  Newton  and  Newton  Bros.    March  lOtfa. 

5.935.  "Electric  magnetic  generator  for  self-lighting  and  vehicles."  T. 
Tanssen,     March  10th. 

5.936.  "  Support  for  telephone  registers  or  bocks."  G.  Baker  and  H. 
Heidobn.    March  10th. 

5,938.  "Telegraphones,"  T.  MoKenna.  (C.  K.  Faikhauser,  United  Slates.* 
March  10th.    (Complete.) 

5,P50.  "Facsimile  transmission  electrically  of  drawing,  handwriting  and 
the  like."    T.  N.  Atkinson  and  J.  B.  Peabmas,     March  lOih, 

5,961,  "  Systems  of  electrical  distribution."  B&itisb  Thomson-Hocsiok  Co., 
Ltd,     (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    March  10th. 


644 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [voi.  72.  no.  i,844,  maech  2«,  1913. 


8,995.  "  Magnetic  compasses."  Kelvin  A  Jamfs  White,  Ltd.,  M.  B.  Field 
and  D.  Renfrew.     March  11th. 

fi,028.  "  Electric  lamp  electrode  holders."  M.  A.  Herwio.  (Divided  appli- 
cation on  15,927  of  1912,  July  8th,  1912.)    March  11th.    (Complete.) 

6,032.    "Electrical  water  purifiers."    A.  H.  van  Pelt.     March  Uth. 

6,03C.  "  Electrical  conductors."  Akt.  Geb.  Brows,  Boveri  &  CiE.  (Con- 
vention date,  March  ISth,  1912,  Germany.)    March  11th.    (Complete.) 

6,(M0.  "  Means  lor  indicating  time  by  electrical  impulse."  A.  Wort. 
March  11th. 

6.066.  "Tight  and  reversible  case  for  electric  accumulators  or  cells."  F. 
Sablon.  (Convention  date,  March  13th,  1912,  France.)  March  11th.  (Com- 
plete.) 

6,083.  "  Driving  djmamo-eleotric  magnetos  for  lighting  purposes  on  motors, 
iiiotor-cyoles  or  the  like."    W.  O.  Forbes.     March  11th. 

6,086.  "  Automatic  electric  alarm  for  railways."  H.  Gartside.  March 
lath. 

6,123.  "  Interrupters  for  electric  circuits."  A.  Pollak,  (Convention  date. 
March  20th,  1913,  Germany.)    March  !3th.     (Complete.) 

6,136.  "  Methods  of  starting  the  arcs  of  electric  furnaces."  E.  K.  Scott, 
March  r2th. 

6,143.    "  Electric  incandescence  lamps."    H.  Zschocee.    March  12th. 

6,156.    "  Electric  fuses."    F.  Gronbbero.     March  12th.    (Complete.) 

6,161.  "  Protecting  devices  for  electric  circuits."  Siemens-Bchcckebtwkrke 
O.m.b.H.  (Convention  date,  March  12th,  1913,  Germany.)  March  13tb. 
(Complete.) 

6,169.  "Device  for  automatically  breaking  and  making  electric  contacts  or 
the  like  at  a  predetermined  moment."  N.  Bendixen  and  F.  C.  E.  Goudrup. 
March  13tb. 

6.173.  "  Electrical  connections."  Soc.  Ason.  Le  Cabbone.  (Convention  date. 
December  2nd,  1912.    France.)    March  12th.    (Complete.) 

6.174.  "  Multiple-x  telegraphy."     E.  D.  Cathbb.    March  12th. 

6.185.  "Block-signalling  and  train-controlling  systems."  A,  J.  Allabd. 
March  12th.    (Complete  ) 

6.186.  "Electric  train  signalling  and  controlling  systems."  A.  .J.  Allabd 
March  12th.    (Complete.) 

6,192.  "  Wireless  clock-synchronising  apparatus."  R.  L.  R.  Des  Ordoss. 
(Convention  date,  March  13th,  1912,  Belgium.)    March  12th.    (Complete.) 

6,233.    "  Electrically-heated  flat-irons."     S.  Le  Fevbe  Varvkl.    March  13th, 

6,223.  "Instantaneous  electrically  operated  water-heaters."  S.  Le  Fkvuk 
Varvel.    March  13th. 

6,226.  "  Rheostats  for  controlling  electric  motors  and  the  like."  P.  B.  Swan. 
March  18th. 

6,263.    "  Electrical  candle-fittings."    F.  Hodgson.    March  13th. 

6,283.    "  Electric  lampholders  and  the  like."    N.  McLean.    March  13th. 

6,285.  "  Regulation  of  dynamo-electric  machines."  British  Thomson- 
HorsTON  Co.,  Ltd.  (Compagnie  Francaise  Thomson-Houston,  France.) 
March  13th. 

6  292.  "  Telegraph  and  other  signalling  and  the  like  apparatus."  H.  0.  A. 
Jensen.  (Divided  application  on  18,985,  August  19th,  1912.)  March  13th. 
(Complete.) 

6,39G.  "  Combined  ears  or  clips  and  anchors  for  electric  trolley  wires  for 
tramways  and  the  like."     March  Uth. 

6,336.  "  Electrostatic  separators."  J.  Kraus  and  E.  Oppen.  (Convention 
date,  March  14lh,  1912,  Germany.)     March  14th.    (Complete.) 

6,36fl.  "  Telephone  exchange  systems."  D.  O.  Kennedy  and  J,  W,  Tcrnek. 
March  Uth, 

6,371.    "Construction of  rheostat."    L.  Millkr.    March  14th. 

6,375.  "  Electric  transformers."  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd. 
(General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)     March  14th. 

6.387.  "  Manufacture  of  plastic  and  elastic  compositions,  artificial  filaments, 
films  coatings,  and  the  like  products."  L.  Liliknfeld.  (Convention  date, 
February  19th,  1918,  Austria.)    March  Uth.     (Complete.) 

6.388.  "  Process  of  and  apparatus  for  separating  ores  and  metals  by  means 
of  electricity."     N.  L.  Mellgren.    March  14th.    (Complete.) 

6,408.  "  Portable  electric  safety  lamps."  P.  Wolf.  March  14th.  (Com- 
plete.) 

6,410.  "  Means  for  and  method  of  changing  the  frequency  of  alternating  cur- 
rents."   A.  M.  Tatlob.    (Addition  to  8,8^3, 1911.)    March  Uth. 

6,431.  "  Process  or  method  of  and  means  for  operating  upon  earthenware, 
and  chiefly  in  the  production  of  electric  Insulators  and  the  like."  H.  L. 
DonLTON  and  H.  Morris.     March  15tb. 

6,442.  "  Secondary  batteries."  W.  S.  Naylor  and  Chloride  Electrical 
Storage  Co.,  Ltd.     March  IBth. 

6.461.  "High-frequency  alternators."  Hon.  Bib  C.  A  Parsons.  March 
15th. 

6.462.  "  Secondary  electric  batteries,"  B.  Heap  and  Chloride  Electrical 
Storage  Co.,  Ltd.     March  15th. 

6,465.  "  Selectors  especially  for  use  with  automatic  telephone  exchanges." 
O.  A.  BETCLANDF.R.  (Convention  date,  March  a2nd,  1912,  Sweden.)  March 
5:h,    (Complete.) 

6  479.  "Transmitters  for  use  in  wireless  telegraphy."  J.  Bahclka.  (Con- 
vention date,  March  26th,  1912,  Austria.)    March  15tb.    (Complete.) 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 


Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  286,  High  Holborn,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  tree,  9d.  (in  stamps), 


1912. 

Brush  Holders  fob  Dvhamo-electric  Machines.  Pintsch's  Electric  Manu- 
facturing Co.  and  C.  H.  Vidal.    15,471.    July  2nd. 

Method  or  Enabling  Bpf.ech-transmittino  iNSTRCsirNTs  comprisino  Micbo- 

FHONES  TO   BE    WoBKED    WHEN    CONNECTED   IN    PaBALLEL.      R.   Goldschmidt. 

15,916.    July  8th. 
Secret  Intercommunication  Telephone  Systems.    Telephontabrik  Akt.Ges. 
vorrn.  J.  Berliner.     16,084.    July  9tb.    (December  22nd,  1911.) 

REOtTLATiNO  Switch.    F.  C.  Curtis.    16,93'.    July  20th. 

CovERiNO  OF  Electbic  CONDUCTORS  WITH  PLASTIC  MATERIAL.  W.  S.  Smith  and 
A.  D.  S:hut9r.    22,584.    October  Srd.    (Addition  to  No.  16,643  of  1911.) 

Sprinomocnted  Footstep  Bearing  for  Electricity  Meters.  Rorling  and 
Mathieson  Akt.-Ges.    27,775.    December  8rd.    (March  16th,  1912.) 

.\rPARATUs  FOR  Elbctbo-osmose.  Ges.  fur  Elektro  Osmose  and  H.  lUig. 
39,826.    December  a7tb.    (Addition  to  735  of  1913.) 


Electric  Switches  and  the  Condcotor  Connections  tiiebeto.  H.C  Sheldo 
(Saschische  Qruppenwechselscbalter  Ges.)  30,031.  December  31st.  (Divided 
application  on  No.  3,690  of  1913,  February  13th.) 

FiRE-ALARH.    M.  Moloney.    4,777.    February  36th.    (August  Srd,  1911.) 

Miners'  Electric  Lamps.    C.  H.  Worsnop.    4,988.    February  28th. 

Holders  for  Electric  Candlp.  Lamps.    C.  C.  Regnart.    5,660.    March  6th. 

Telegkapbv.    S.  G.  Brown.    6,275.    March  13th. 

Elei-trio  Signal  for  Use  om  Looohotivbb.  R.  O.  J.  Wightm&n.  6,555. 
March  16th. 

Electric  Radiator.  J.  Slater  &  Co.  (Engineers),  Ltd.,  and  C.  R.  Allensby. 
6,864.     March  30th. 

Clutches  Operated  by  E(,ECTROHAaNETic  Coils.  O.  Richards.  7,928.  April 
2nd. 

Memorandoji  Pad  fob  Us?  with  Table  Telephone  Instruments.  J.  G.  Hay. 
8,69o.     April  ISlh. 

Telephone  Exchange  Systems.    M.  L.  Johnson.    8,997.    April  16th. 

Ignition  Devices  for  Internal-combustion  Engines  with  a  Symmetrical 
Arrangement  of  Cylinders.  M.  C.  Brenot.  10,130.  April  29th.  (Addi- 
tion to  No.  6.567  of  1912.) 

Clutches  and  Driving  Mechanism  particularly  Adapted  as  Blow  Motion 
Gears  for  the  Operation  of  Starting  Devices  for  Electric  Motors. 
J.  H.  WoUiscroft  and  H.  T.  Boothroyd,  Ltd.     10,360.    May  1st. 

Protective  Devices  for  Electric  Distribution  Systems.  British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.  and  E.  B.  Wcdmore.    10,545.     May  3rd. 

ELErTRODEs  FOR  ARC  LAMPS.  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.  (General  Electric 
Co.)    11,792.    May  nth. 

Magnetic  Water-level  Indicator  fob  Steam  Boilers.  P.  W.  Montgomery. 
10,483.    July  6th.    (August  Uth,  1911.) 

Electric  Safety  Fuses.    L.  Kovacs.    19,218.    August  22nd. 

Device    for    Controlling    Electric    Circuits    in    a    Determined    Osdbb. 

Siemens   Bros.  &  Co.    (Siemens  &  Halske  Akt.-Ges.)    20,914.    September 

18tli. 
Electric  Shock  Protector  for  Umbrellas.     I.   H.  Weinberg,  G.  Schreiner 

and  P.  Buetzer.    21,162.    September  17th. 

Electbodes  for  Galvanic  Cells.  Berginann  Elektricitiits  Werke  Akt.-Oes, 
21,739.    September  25th.     (September  25th,  1911.) 

Electric  Auc  Lamp  Specially  Applicable  for  Cineuatoobafbic  ob  otbeb 
Projections.    E.  Siron.    26,886.    November  32nd. 

Eleotrio  Bwitchboarbs.    C.  a.  Vandervell  and  A.  H.  Midgley.    97,601.    No- 
vember 29th. 
Telephone    Receivers.      J.    Bchiessler.     27,969.      Decembe»  4th.      (Divided 

application  on  No.  4,407  of  1913,  February  21st.) 
Method  and  Means  for  Pboteotihg  Electric  Accumulators  from  Flooding 

BY  Sea  Water.     H.  Wehrlin.    28,519.    December  10th.    (March  26th,  1912.) 
Electrically  Controlling  Guns  on  Ships  and  Ashore,  Steering  Gear  on 

Ships,  Swing  Bridges,  Hydraulic  Acoumulatobs,  Cranes.  Capstans  and 

the  Like.    A.  Martin,  H.  Jackson,  A.  J.  Campbell,  T.  B.  Campbell  and 

W.  Campbell.    1,901.    January  24th. 
Ignition  in   Internal-combustion  Engines.     J.   E.  Wilks.    8,404.    February 

10th. 
Telephone  Systems  and  Apparatus  therefor.    E.  A.  Mellinger.    4,179.    Feb- 
ruary 19th. 
Apparatus  for  Reproducing  Undulating  Currents.     J.  Schiessler.     4,407. 

February  21st.    (Convention  date  and  Patent  of  Addition  not  granted.) 
Electric  Conduits.    H.  H.  Longbottom  and  T.  Farrar.    4,426.    February  22nd. 
Alternating  -  current    Dynamo  -  electric    Generators.      Akt.-Gcs.    Brown, 

Boveri  &  Cie.    4,460.     February  22nd.    (February  22nd,  1911.) 
Electric  Lamps  for  Illuminating  Music  and  the  Like.     O.  Hawkes  and 

P.  T.  Cockcrill.    4,8l».    February  26th. 
Means  for  Leading  Electric  or  other  Power  into  Revolving  Structures. 

R.  H.  S.  Bacon  and  F.  W.  H.   Shepherd.    6,336.    March  2nd.    (Cognate 

application  No.  8,443  of  1912.) 
Electroliers  and  the  Like.    Peyton  &  Peyton,  Ltd.,  and  H.  B.  Bond.    6,467. 

March  Sth. 
Dynamos.    A.  A.  Price.    6,981.    March  9th. 

Protective  Devices  for  Electric  Distribution  Systems.    British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  E.  B.  Wedmore.    8,569.    April  Uth. 
Device  fob  Securing  Shades  and  the  Like  on  Electric  Lahflolders.    W.  J. 

Instan  and  A.  Holt.    9,302.    April  19tb. 
Electric  Circuit  Interrupters.    J.  Bijur.    9,426.    April  20th. 
WuuKiNG  Submarine   Cables.     J.   Gott.     10,584.     March  Srd.    (March  18tb, 

1912.) 
Electric   Lighting    and   Reflectors   and   Screens    therefor,   especially 

Applicable  for  Footlights  or  Means  foe  Lighting  Stages  of  Theatres 

OR  the  Like  Purposes.    A.  W.  Beuttell  and  J.  A.  Manners-Smith.    14,723. 

June  21tb. 
Arc  Light  Electrodes.      British   Thomson-Houston  Co.     (General   Electric 

Co.)    15,483.    July  2nd. 
Electrical  Transformers.    Siemens  Schuckerlwerke  Ges.    16,647.    July  4th. 

(July  4th,  1911.) 
Electric  Retort  Furnaces.    J.  Bally.    10,041.    July  9th.    (July  Uth,  1911.) 
Prepayment  Meter  for  Use  in  the  distribution  of  Electbicitt.    Allgemeine 

Electiicitiits  Ges.    16,134.    July  10th.    (July  10th,  1911.) 
Electric  Striking   Gear,     H.   Canipiche.     17,779.    July  81st.     (August  Igt, 

1911.) 
Watertight  Bottles  and  the  Like.    E.  A.  Graham.    19,587.    August  27tb. 
Electric  Driving  Mechanism   fob  Clocks.     F.  H.  Walker.     20,866.      Sep- 
tember 6th. 
Rkfillable  Electric  Fuse.    A.  F.  Daum.    21,240.    September  18tb. 
Polyphase  Alternating  Electric  Current  Commutator  Motors.    Siemens 

Schuckertwerke  Ges.    21,471.    September  20tb.    (September  32nd,  1911.) 
Means  for  Suspending   Arc   Lamps.    G.   Scbanzenbach   &  Co.  Ges.    32,549. 

October  8rd.    (May  21st,  1912.) 
Driving    Mechanism   of    Magneto  Ignition  Machines  Having  Oscillating 

Armatures.    Firm  of  Robert  Bosch.    23,046.    October  9tb.    (May  Srd,  1912.) 
Electric  Cut-outs.     Voigt  and   Haeffncr  Akt.Ges.      23,614.      October  15th. 

(November  2nd,  1911.) 
Dynamos.    C.  L.  Breeden  and  H.  E.  Moore.    25,366.    November  6th." 
Magnetic  Compasses.      Kelvin  &  James  White,  Ltd.,  and  J.  T.  Bottomley 

26,338.    November  16th. 
Means    for    Reducing    the    Duration  of    Sparks  Produced  by  Haoneto- 

Electkic  Generators.     P.  Mascow.     37,094.     November  a6th.    (January 

J!5th,  1912.) 
Means  fob  the  Protection  of  Electric  Accumulators  fbom  Flooding  by  Sfa 

Water.    W.  Wehrlin.    28.520.    December  10th.    (March  25th,  1912.) 


1913. 

Receiver  fob  Submarine  Signalling.    Signal  Gesellschaft.     3,184.     January 
37th.    (November  3Gth,  1913.) 

Manufacture    of    Chrome-Alum     by  '  Electrolysis.      H.    Cbauniat.      1,636. 
January  20th.     (January  34th,  1912.) 


I'liJEi 


ELEOTI^IC-A-L    I^E'T'IE'W. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


APRIL  4,  1918. 


S'>.  1,  M".. 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


MINISTERS    ANb    .\IA1:(.()M. 


Vol.  LXXII.) 


CONTENTS;  April  I,  l«i:i. 


INo.  1 


Ministers  and  Marconi 

Electric  lleatinjf  and  Cooking 

British  Trade  in  Arifcntina 

A  French  Inquiry  into  Electrical  Acciden'.a,  and  Su^^i^eationa 
for  Preventing  Them 

Notes  from  Canada 

Life  Tar(retH  (/Z/m.v.) 

The  Fixation  of  Atmospheric  Nitrogen  ... 

Correspondence : — 
HusincBS  in  Spain 
Failure  to  Excite 
Prospectf  in  Electrical  Bnfrineerinjj 

Wireless  Telephony  in  Mines  (i7Z?/.<.') 

Electrical  Trades  lienevolent  Institution 

The  First  International  Cinema'ofrraph  Exhibition 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  {illnn.)      

Business  Notes         

Notes 

City  Notes     

Stocks  and  Shares 

Electric  Tramway  and  Railway  Traffic  Returns  ...         ... 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         ...         ...         ...         ... 

Metal  Market. — Fluctuations  in  March 

Electric  Cookincr  Apparatus  

Dumping: :    A  Note  on  a  Particular  Case  of   Discriminative 
Charges     ...         

Proceeding's  of  Institutions  : — • 
Electrio  Heating  and  Cooking- 
Recent   Developments  in    the   Street  Lighting  of    Mslh- 
cheateT  {illiin.)  (riiiitinio'd)  ...  

Foreign  and  Colonial  Tariffs  on  Electrical  Goods  ...         ... 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913    ...         ...         ...        ... 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     

ContractorB'  Column     ...     Advertisement  pa^es  xxii,  zxiv  and 


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SCS 
572 
572 
57  H 
575 
575 

577 

.-.78 

.'•,81 

583 

584 

xxvi 


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4,  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  E.C. 


[5 


It  is  a  lonK  while  sinr^e  uny  controversy  huH  r.  c:i  in 
politicul  and  commercial  circles  arousing  sncli  intense 
interest  as  the  incidents  which  during  the  last  f  w  days 
have  involved  the  cx)njiinclion  in  the  public  Pre*  of  the 
words  at  the  heiid  of  this  article.  Ministers  are  never 
without  their  enemies.  The  name  of  Marconi  we  ase,  of 
course,  in  an  impersonal  sense.  It  is  representative  of  a 
great  enterprise,  and  great  enterprises  mutt  have  their 
rival?,  or  woukl-l*  rivals.  The  evidence  which  was  lx;gnn 
in  the  libel  action  against  Lc  ilnliit,  and  continued  Ijefore 
the  Parliamentary  Coniiuittce,  may  have  afforded  some  satis- 
faction to  enemies,  but  has  alio  afforded  considd  able  dis- 
appointment to  the  friends  of  lioth. 

The  contract  for  the  links  .  f  the  wireless  chain  was  made 
by  the  Post  Office  after  considerable  discussion  and  nego- 
tiation. The  officials  of  the  I)ep;irtment  have  maintained, 
with  a  tenacity  which  is  entitled  to  commendation,  that  the 
terms  of  the  contract  were  advantageous  to  the  State. 
Whether  or  not  the  terms  were  the  best  that  could  be 
obtained,  or  even  if  the  best  that  could  be  obtained  from 
that  particular  coutrattor  should  have  been  entered  into,  it 
is  not  now  the  time  to  consider. 

The  contract,  in  fact,  contained  some  exceptional  cindi- 
tioiis,  and  wc  think  it  probable  that  these  e.xcjptional 
conditions  mainly  exercised  the  public  mind  in  so  far  as  tlip 
public  mind  is  exercised  about  such  undertakings.  The 
contract  having  been  provisionally  agreed  to  by  the  (lovern- 
ment,  was  subject  to  the  ratification  of  Parliament.  Such 
ratification  was  expected  promptly,  as  the  managing  director; 
of  the  company  remarked  in  a  letter  upon  which  we  com- 
mented in  our  issue  of  January  24lh,  1913.  By  both 
parties  to  the  cont:act  it  is  to  be  feared  that  the  confirmation 
of  Parliament  wm  regarded  rather  as  a  matter  of  form 
than  otherwise.  If  that  be  so,  it  was  an  error  of  judgment 
which  was  to  precede  many  others.  Until  ratified  by  Parlia- 
ment, the  contract  was  not  complete,  and  when  it  came  up 
for  ratification,  it  became  evident  that  it  would  be  necess;iry 
to  have  it  fully  considered  by  a  Select  Committee.  This 
resulted  very  largely  from  the  criticisms  in  the  Prts-,  which 
seemed  to  emanate  principally  from  political  opponents  of 
the  Government.  ^luch  of  the  criticism,  even  i:i  quarters 
which  have  been  called  influential,  was  based  on  compounds 
of  inaccuracies  and  inferences.  That  an  important 
organisation  could  acquire  an  influence  of  its  own 
was  not  recognised,  and  the  iufluence  which  the  Mar- 
coni Co.  unquestionably  did  exercise  was  attributed  to  the 
relationship  existing  between  its  managing  director  and  one 
of  the  principal  members  of  the  (Government.  Continuing 
for  some  time  it  was  clearly  hinted  in  the  Press,  and  more 
definitely  stated  in  clubs  and  places  where  they  talk,  that 
some  ^linisters  had  made  money  out  of  Marconis.  This 
general  talk  was  formulated  by  the  Attorney-General  in  the 
House  of  Commons  in  October,  and  specifically  denied  pa 
15]  c 


546 


THE   ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.       [VoU73.  No.  1,845,  April  4,  isis. 


his  own  behalf  and  that  of  other  Minlsterfl  aocordiiig 
to  formula.  This  was  probably  the  crowning  mistake 
of  the  series,  because  it  is  to  be  feared  that  friends  and  foes 
alike  regarded  the  denial  as  general,  and  omitted  to  notice 
the  specific  nature  of  the  formula.  In  consequence,  there 
was  surprise  and  disappointment  at  the  evidence  in  the 
Le  Matin  case,  which  showed  that  whilst  leaving  British 
ilarcoois  severely  alone,  the  Attorney-General  had  dealt  in 
American  Marconis,  and  that  he  was  joined  in  those 
dealings  by  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  and  the 
Chief  Whip.  The  distinction  between  the  two  companies, 
the  nature  of  an  investment,  and  the  limitations  on  Ministerial 
thrift,  have  formed  the  substance  of  much  evidence  before 
the  Select  Committee  without,  we  think,  very  material 
benefit.  Fine  distinctions  of  this  sort  seldom  reach  the 
popular  mind.  To  the  man  in  the  street,  Marconis  are 
ilarconis,  and  the  geographical  prefix  is  comparatively  un- 
important. 

The  exact  method  of  reaching  a  conclusion  may  not  be 
scientifically  or  judicially  correct,  but  the  man  in  the  street 
will  unquestionably  be  right  in  his  conclusion  that  such 
action  on  the  part  of  the  Attorney-General,  the 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  and  the  Chief  Whip  was 
singularly  ill-advised.  The  contract  had  to  come  before 
Parliament.  The  chief  law  officer  might  have  to  advise, 
the  Controller  of  the  Purse  would  certainly  have  to  exercise 
some  discretion  in  such  a  matter,  and  the  Chief  Whip  would 
possibly  be  required  to  exercise  his  functions  in  obtaining 
the  presence  of  the  necessary  majority  of  members.  No 
reasonable  individual  would  suggest  that  they  would  be  in 
any  way  influenced  by  their  personal  interests  in  carrying  out 
their  respective  duties,  but  the  fact  that  their  interests  were 
possibly  antagonistic  to  their  duties  would  seriously  impair 
their  efficiency.  Whatever  the  distinction  between  the  par- 
ticular companies  concerned,  no  difference  exists  on  the  part 
of  the  individual  managing  their  affairs.  The  investment 
was  prompted  by  the  Attorney-General's  brother,  who  had 
"  made  himself  responsible  for  "  a  large  issue  of  shares  of 
the  American  company,  and  it  was  the  same  brother  and  no 
other  who  was  responsible  for  the  negotiation  of  the  contract 
with  the  British  company.  The  practical  objection  is  found 
in  the  fact  that  in  consequence  of  the  circumstances  which 
had  arisen,  the  Attorney-General,  who  is  presumed  to  be 
the  most  able  adviser  at  the  disposal  of  the  Government,  was 
compelled  to  ask  that  he  should  be  excused  from  advising  as 
to  the  power  of  the  company  to  withdraw  from  the  contract. 

The  drawbacks  attending  the  position  of  the  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer  are  less  direct,  but  to  the  public  even 
more  important.  Amongst  much  inaccurate  statement  and 
unreasonable  inference,  the  writer  in  the  National  Rtrieir 
made  a  perfectly  reasonable  reference  to  the  South  Sea 
Bubble  in  connection  with  the  Marconi  com- 
panies. In  connection  with  company  promotion, 
it  is  quite  common  to  follow  one  success  with 
another,  making  subsidiaries  upon  geographical  or 
other  lines,  sometimes  without  much  reason,  except 
that  the  public  are  ready  to  absorb  that  particular 
brand  of  share.  In  the  case  of  Marconis,  the  geographical 
company  is  quite  a  reasonable  branch  to  pursue,  but  the 
flotation  on  the  London  market  of  the  American  company 
at  the  time,  and  under  the  circumstances  concerned,  must 
be  regarded  as  being  prompted  by,  and  should  be  judged 
according  to,  the  methods  of  the  company  promoter. 
It  would  be  improper  to  describe  the  American 
company  as  a  bubble  company.  We  do  not  think 
it  would  be  improper  to  describe  its  introduction  on  the 
London  Exchange  as  an  inflated  flotation.  The  participation 
of  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchecjuer  in  such  a  deal  is  very 
much  to  be  regretted,  if  only  for  its  possible  effect  on  the 
investor  or  dabbler  who,  hearing  of  the  fact,  might  conclude 
that  "  if  it  is  good  enough  for  the  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  it  is  good  enough  for  me."  The  lack  of  worldly 
wisdom  evinced  by  both  the  Attorney -General  and 
ilr.  Lloyd  George  must  be  regarded  as  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  features  disclosed  by  the  recent  controversy. 
The  Attorney -General  was  so  astonished  as  to  answer  :  "  Good 
heavens  !  No  1  "  when  asked  if  the  surprise  telegram  from  a 
celebrated  man  were  not  a  familiar  feature  of  company  pro- 
motion.    The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  persisted  in  the 


description  of  his  purchase  of  shares  in  a  new  company,  with 
no  dividend  record,  at  an  extravagant  premium,  as  an  "  in« 
vestment."  Wp  presume  it  is  due  to  his  more  businesslike 
experience  that  we  are  able  to  congratulate  Mr.  Samuel,  aa 
we  do,  on  having  refrained  from  drawing  fine  distinctions,  and 
on  adopting  the  better  policy  of  leaving  the  whole  family 
severely  alone. 


ELECTRIC    HEATIKG     AND    COOKING. 


In  view  of  the  importance  which  already  attaches  to  the 
subject  named  above,  and  which,  we  firmly  believe,  is  but 
the  merest  shadow  of  that  which  it  will  eventually  acquire, 
we  make  no  apology  for  including  in  this  issue  an  article  on 
electric  cooking  apparatus,  together  with  a  report  of  the 
discussion  on  the  subject  by  the  Yorkshire  Local  Section  of 
the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers.  Mr.  Roles,  whose 
remarks  in  opening  the  discussion  took  the  form  rather  of 
a  paper  than  of  a  mere  introduction,  was  clearly  effervescing 
with  information  on  electric  cooking,  derived  from  actual 
experience  and  observation,  and  could  have  said  a  great  deal 
more  if  circumstances  had  permitted.  We  trust  that  he 
will  find  an  opportunity  to  supplement  his  interesting  com- 
ments on  the  construction  of  the  apparatus  employed  for 
heating  and  cooking  purposes,  for  it  is  precisely  such  in- 
formation as  this  that  is  most  urgently  needed  by  the  manu- 
facturers, to  enable  them  to  eliminate  defects  and  errors  and 
to  improve  their  products  to  the  highest  pitch  of  reliability 
and  efficiency. 

That  many  mistakes  have  been  made  in  the  design  of 
the  earlier  forms  of  cooking  stoves  and  utensils  is  common 
knowledge  ;  but  probably  few  were  aware  that  the  effective- 
ness of  electric  heating  apparatus  could  be  so  materially 
influenced  by  small  changes  in  conetruction  as  Mr.  Roles 
stated.  We  speak  of  effectiveness  rather  than  of  efficiency 
in  this  connection,  because  of  necessity,  technically  speaking, 
the  efficiency  of  an  electric  heating  device  must  be  very  nearly 
100  per  cent. ;  the  whole  of  the  electrical  energy  must  be 
converted  into  heat  energy  in  one  form  or  another,  with  the 
possible  exception  of  an  inappreciable  amount  of  electrical 
radiation.  But  it  is  evident  that  the  mode  by  which  that 
heat  energy  is  communicated  to  the  surroundings  of  the 
heating  apparatus  may  have  a  very  important  effect  upon 
the  effectiveness  of  the  apparatus  as  a  means  of  imparting 
warmth  to  the  person  or  of  maintaining  the  temperature  of 
a  room.  We  are,  therefore,  led  to  make  the  suggestion 
that  the  whole  question  is  one  which  ought  to  be 
subjected  to  exhaustive  investigation  with  a  view 
to  ascertaining  beyond  doubt  the  best  type  of 
apparatus  for  the  performance  of  given  functions,  such  as 
heating  a  room,  warming  an  air  supply,  and  so  on. 

In  the  ordinary  course,  such  questions  as  these  are  left  to 
be  settled  by  the  slow  and  tedious  process  of  evolution  and 
survival  of  the  fittest,  at  immense  cost  to  the  industry  and 
the  public  ;  by  the  application  of  scientific  method  they 
could  be  solved  in  a  few  months,  or  even  weeks,  at  a  cost 
trifling  in  comparison  with  the  resulting  benefit.  The  same 
applies  to  cooking  apparatus.  Although  so  great  progress 
has  been  made  in  the  development  of  this  branch  of  elec- 
trical service,  the  trade  is  in  a  chaotic  condition  with  regard 
to  the  design  of  the  cookers,  and  each  maker  is  working 
along  independent  lines,  so  that  a  great  deal   of  work  and 


Vol,  73,    No,  l.HJft,  Apbil  4,  1913,] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW, 


547 


trouble  is  beinp  neetlleBsly  incurred,  luid  the  Humc  ground  in 
being  trodden  many  times.  Hcientitio  reseurcli  would  hoon 
point  out  the  direction  along  which  the  mogt  rupid  progreHS 
would  be  made.  One  manufacturer  in.itutcs  tbo  ordinary 
gHS  cooker  as  closely  as  he  can  ;  another  abandons  all  idea 
of  imitation,  and  adopts  a  totally  ditToront  system — can 
both  be  right  ?  It  may  be  observed  that  the  gas  engineers 
have  developed  a  design  for  their  cookers  which  is 
practically  standardised,  the  dilTerences  between  the  various 
patterns  being  found  only  in  minor  details  ;  their  design  is 
not  necessarily  the  most  efficient,  nor  yet  the  cheapest 
possible.  It  is,  we  presume,  the  most  etl'cctivo— the  type 
which  has  been  found  by  experience  to  be  the  l)est  adapted 
for  the  i)ublic  use.  We  want  to  arrive  at  an  equivalent 
result  by  the  quickest  method  available,  and  we  have  no 
doubt  that  an  exhaustive  investigation  by  competent 
researchers,  carried  out,  of  course,  in  conjunction  with 
practical  trials  in  domestic  use,  would  take  us  a  long  way  on 
the  road  to  that  stage  of  development. 

The  process  is  akin  to  that  pursued  by  breeders  of  animals, 
and  by  horticultural  experts — they  do  not  wait  for  natural 
evolution  to  bring  about  the  results  they  wish  for  ;  they 
accelerate  them  by  judicious  selection  and  elimination,  so  that 
it  is  possible,  in  the  course  of  a  few  trials,  to  intensify  and 
develop  any  quality  that  may  be  desired.  In  the  same  way, 
the  Sheffield  tteel  experts,  setting  themselves  the  task  of 
improving  tool  steel,  quickly  evolved  a  steel  that  would 
stand  up  to  heavy  cuts  at  a  red  heat— a  steel  that  is  the 
admiration  of  the  world.  Why  should  we  be  content  to 
leave  so  importint  a  problem  as  the  development  of  the  ideal 
types  of  heaters  and  cookers  to  chance  ? 

Whatever  the  merits  of  the  Edison  storage  cell  in  com- 
parison with  those  of  the  lead  accumulator,  it  cannot  be 
denied  that  the  former  is  an  engineering  product  deserving 
of  the  highest  commendation  ;  as  a  mechanical  device,  it  is  a 
beautiful  piece  of  work.  It  did  not  become  so  by  haphazard 
trial  and  error,  but  by  scientific  investigation  of  the  highc  st 
order.  Examples  might  be  multiplied,  but  we  must  slay 
our  hand.  The  point  is,  that  the  work  should  be  done  in 
this  way  ;  funds  are  needed  to  carry  it  out,  but  the  reward 
would  be  great.  The  subject  is  one  of  the  greatest  moment 
to  the  eUclrical  industry,  both  to  manufacturers  and  to 
supply  authorities.  It  is  one  that  the  new  Research  Com- 
mittee of  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  might  take 
in  hand,  with  the  certainty  of  valuable  results  in  the 
minimum  time,  and  we  earnestly  commend  it  to  the  notice 
of  that  Committee,  in  the  hope  that  something  may  be 
done. 

Even  when  the  design  of  the  actual  apparatus  has  been 
settled,  there  is  more  to  be  considered.  The  whole  question  of 
heating  rooms,  for  instance,  is  at  present  in  the  crudest  state 
imaginable.  AVe  use  coal  6res,  and  stoke  up  until  the  small 
proportion  of  the  energy  of  the  coal  that  gets  into  the  room 
has  raised  its  temperature  to  an  unduly  high  degree  ;  the 
fire  dies  down  until  we  notice  thrtt  the  room  is  cold,  and  the 
process  is  repeated.  Similarly  we  allow  the  room  to  oool  at 
night,  and  warm  it  up  again  next  morning.  If  electric  or 
gas  ladiators  are  used,  we  still  follow  much  the  same  routine 
— we  heat  up  and  cex)l  down  irregularly.  How  much  better 
it  would  be  if,  as  we  have  previously  suggested,  the  room  were 
kept  always  at  the  same  temperature — that  which  was  found 
the  most  comfortable  and  conducive  to  the  prosecution  of  our 
resi^)ective  occupations  !  There  is  no  system  of  heating  that 
lends  itself  so  admirably  to  the  attainment  of  this 
end  as  the  electrical  system ;  automatic  devices  to 
regulate  the  consumption  of  power  in  accordance  with 
the  actual  requirements  are,  in  fact,  already  on  the 
mai  ket.  Where  such  a  system  is  in  use  the  supply  authority 
has  a  steady  load  with  a  low  maximum  demand,  and 
can  afford  to  give  the  supply  at  the  lowest  possible  price, 
while  the  user  is  relieved  of  all  concern  about  the  heating 
of  his  house.  It  would  be  worth  while  to  ascertain  with 
certainty  whether  electrical  heating  carried  out  in  this  ideal 
way  was  able  to  bear  comparison  in  point  of  cost — including 
all  items  of  expense  incurred,  directly  and  indirectly — with 
the  cruder  methods  of  its  competitors,  which,  it  will  be 
noted,  usually  involve  the  provision  of  chimneys  at  con- 
siderable cost  to  the  builder. 


DrItlHh  Tradi* 
In  Arnfentlna. 


l.v  a  recent  report  on  tlie  irtule  of  Argen. 
tina,  the  Hritijih  Coniul  reiKjrti  that  the 
advantageous  jxMition  of  Briliuh  trade  in 
Argentina  is  founded  on  the  widely  different  cajnomic  con- 
ditions of  the  two  countries  which  places  each  in  u  pndition 
to  supply  what  the  other  re<iuire«.  Hrilish  capital  and  brainii 
have  found  full  and  profitable  bco[jc  for  the  development  of 
railways  in  Argentina  ;  the  building  of  \roTlr,  the  organi«a- 
tion  of  tramway  services,  providing  mju,'hinery  for  ecooo- 
misingand  accelerating  the  preparation,  storage  and  trannport 
of  grain,  developing  the  cold  storage  and  packing  industrici, 
advancing  irrigation,  water  pwer,  and  land  reclamation 
schemes,  &c.  ;  while  the  British  flag  now  covers  no  less  than 
(il  per  cent,  of  the  River  Plate  8hipi)ing — acircuraHtance  that 
should  in  itself  substantially  reflect  the  upward  tendency 
of  our  trade  with  Argentina.  Hut  the  magnitude  of  British 
trading  interests  in  Argentina  may,  perhaps,  Ik;  more  fully 
gleaned  from  the  fact  that  no  less  than  £.'.00,000,000  of 
British  capiUd  is  reported  to  have  found  its  way  into  the 
country.  The  Republic,  on  the  other  hand,  has  attained  the 
position  of  a  great  exporter  of  agricultural  produce  and 
meat,  of  which  the  United  Kingdom  is  the  largest  con- 
sumer offering  a  growing  and  profitable  market. 

Although  a  study  of  trade  conditions  happily  reveals 
Brit'sh  supremacy  in  the  more  important  enterprises  in  the 
country,  it  w^'uld  l;)e  unwise  to  ignore  the  progress  that  is 
being  "made  by  other  nations  who  are  gradually  introducing 
elements  of  complexity  into  the  economic  conditions  of  the 
country.  An  effort  is  being  made  to  secure  a  larger  share 
of  Argentine  trade  by  the  United  States,  and  according  to 
the  figures  of  the  Washington  Department  of  Commerce  for 
the  year  1011-12,  the  imports  into  .Vrgentina  from  the 
United  States  were  £10.631,600  and  exports  to  the  United 
States  £5,910,400,  showing  an  increase  on  the  general 
turnover  of  22  per  cent,  as  compai-ed  with  the  previous 
year.  An  increasing  volume  of  business  is  likewise  passing 
into  the  hands  of  our  German  competitois  whose  activity  has 
been  marked  in  the  sugar  industry,  the  electrical  plant 
business,  and  harbour  works.  The  following  table  shows  the 
imports  from  leading  countries  in   1000,  1910  and  1911  : — 


1910. 


1911. 


1809. 

From  United  Kic^dom....  £19  839,700  £2I.S75,500  £21,727,500 

Germany 8.911,200  12,225,800  13,172,400 

',      United  States      ...       8,613,800  9,683,800  10,470,700 

France       6,160,200  6  730,100  7,605,.100 

"      Italy          5,373,600  6.355,200  5,879  200 

''      Other  countries   ...      1L652.700  13  483,700  14.507,100 


Total 


£60,551,200      £70.354,100      £73,362,200 

It  will  then  be  teen  that  although  our  trade  with  Argen- 
tina is  still  larger  than  that  of  any  other  competing  country, 
our  percentage  of  the  total  decreased  from  328  per  cent,  in 
1000  to  31-1  per  cent,  in  1010  and  29-6  per  cent,  in  1011. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  German  share  increased  from  14-7 
percent,  in  1900  to  17-4  per  cent,  in  1910  and  18  per 
cent,  in  1011  ;  the  United  States'  share  remained  much  the 
same.  Although  it  is  only  to  be  expected  that  as  years  go  on 
the  shares  of  the  leading  countries  should  show  a  narrower 
margin,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  part  of  the  increased 
percentage  of  German  trade  in  particular  is  due  to  the 
f'reater  keenness  shown  by  (ierman  capitalists  and  manufac- 
turers during  recent  years.  In  view  of  the  heavy  harvests 
which  have  just  been  reaped,  Argentina  may  be  regareled  as 
a  profitable  market  at  the  moment,  and  we  should  lose 
no  time  in  endeavouring  to  take  advantage  of  the 
prosperous  conditions.  The  following  figures  will  be  of 
interest  to  readers  of  the  Electrical  RnviEw.as  showing 
the  extent  of  the  market  for  their  goods  : 


1909. 


1910. 


1911. 


Import.'!  Oj 

Iron  and  steel,  and  manu- 
factures of       £7,315,000         £8,624,000         £8,617,000 

Transport  carriages, 

wagons,  &c 6.342,257            7. 019,036             .,3i3,0(5 

Building  materials         ...  5,673,178           5,847,467            6,757.8«8 

Manufactures  of  metals 
other  than    iron    and 

gteel       2,042,164            2,574,091            3,095,937 

Electrical  apparatus     ...  843,383           l,148,30tj            J,336  734 


618 


THE    ELFXTRICAL    l^EYTEW 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,84.5,  April  4,  1913. 


A     FREITCH     INQUIRY     INTO     ELECTRICAL 

ACCIDENTS.    AND 

SUGGESTIONS    FOR    PREVENTING   THEM. 


Bv  W.  STEUART,  M.R.C.S.,  M.I.E.E.,  A:c. 


As  the  result  of  the  very  large  number  of  electrical  acci- 
dents that  had  ocourrnd  during  the  previous  years,  the  French 
Jlinister  of  Public  Works,  at  the  end  of  1009.  appointed  a 
Commission  to  make  such  inquiries  and  experiments  as  it 
thought  advisable,  and  to  draw  up  rules  and  regulations 
accordingly,  with  a  view  to  reducing  such  accidents  to  a 
minimum. 

The  inquiry  extended  over  a  period  of  more  than  two 
years,  and  the  results  have  recently  been  published  by  Dr. 
Weiss,  one  of  the  members  of  the  Commission.  The  pubh- 
cation  takes  the  form  of  a  paper-covered  book,  entitled 
"  Sur  les  effets  Physiologiques  des  Courants  Electriques." 
published  by  Gauthier  Villars,  Paris.  The  members  of  the 
Commission  first  directed  their  efforts  to  obtaining  inform- 
ation regarding  the  causation  of  death  by  electricity,  these 
observations  being  limited  to  the  following  groups  of 
cases  : — 

1.  Death  from  lightning. 

2.  Accidental  shocks  from  industrial  electrical  apparatus. 

3.  Electrocutions  in  America. 

4.  Laboratory  experiments  on  various  animals. 

As  regards  group  1  this  was  soon  put  on  one  side, 
as  it  was  recogni<^ed,  in  the  fir^t  place,  that  the  conditions 
were  completely  different  to  those  ruling  in  connection  with 
industrial  electricity,  and  further,  through  lack  of  competent 
observation,  the  da*a  obtained  were  practically  useless. 

The  same  ditficnity  regarding  competent  observation  again 
militated  against  reliable  data  being  forthcoming  in  the 
second  group,  and  the  apparent  idiocyncrasies  of  the  current 
were  extremely  disroncerting. 

Two  cases  were  mentioned  as  instances  in  point  : — In  one 
the  man  received  a  fatal  shock  ;  the  body  showed  no  signs 
externally  whatever,  and  the  most  careful  post-mortem 
examination  failed  to  disclose  any  cause  of  death. 

In  the  other,  the  victim  had  been  horribly  burned,  the 
forearms  and  legs  being  actually  amputated,  and  yet  the 
patient  remained  alive  and  the  general  health  was  not 
affected. 

The  electrocutions  in  America,  although  carried  out  by 
skilled  observers,  did  not  afford  much  help  to  the  Com- 
mission. The  object  in  these  cases  was  to  kill  instantaneously, 
80  that  it  was  impossible  to  judge  what  organ  gave  way  first, 
and  in  what  manner.  Apparently  the  only  valuable  result 
accruing  from  this  source  was  to  impress  the  Commission 
with  the  lack  of  snccss  of  this  form  of  capital  punishment. 

The  fourth  group  of  cases,  being  the  experiments  on 
animals,  permitted  of  a  complete  and  methodical  study  of  the 
effects  of  the  electrical  current.  It  had  one  objection,  viz., 
that  it  was  (|uestionab'e  whether  the  results  obtained  from 
animals,  such  as  dogs,  could  be  applied  to  man. 

Inasmuch  as  some  of  the  experiments  on  the  dogs  were 
similar  in  degree  to  acc'dents  that  had  happened  to  human 
beings,  it  may  l)e  fairly  deduced  that  the  influence  of  the 
electrical  current  on  animals  should  be  an  approximate  guide 
to  the  effect  produced  on  men. 

In  all,  some  44  dogs  were  experimented  on.  In  each 
case  instruments  were  attach'ed  to  the  animal  to  register  the 
blood  pressure,  the  pulse,  and  the  respirations.  The  varying 
values  were  recorded  on  paper  driven  by  revolving  drums, 
the  length  of  paper  used  giving  an  accurate  measure  of  the 
time  of  the  operation. 

The  pressure  was  registered  by  a  voltmeter  connected 
across  the  electrodes  applied  to  the  animal. 

The  experiments  were  varipd  by  changing  the  pressure, 
current,  points  of  applications  of  the  electrodes,  and  time  of 
application.  The  tests  were  carried  out  with  t)oth  alternating 
and  continuous  currents,  and  in  the  former  case  different 
frequen(;ie8  were  tried. 

The  r'xults  are  carefully  tabulat«d,  and  copies  of  all  the 
curves  arc  given  at  the  end  of  the  book.  Specific  details  of 
the  different  experiments  would  render  this;  article  unduly 
1  -ng, 


Briefly,  it  was  found  that  with  alternating  currents  the 
frequency  (between  industrial  limits)  had  no  apparent 
influence  on  the  results. 

If  death  is  jiroduced  by  an  alternating  current  with  a 
pressure  of  less  than  1:.'0  volts,  it  is  due  to  the  arrest  of  the 
heart  in  fibrillary  tremors.  The  failure  of  respiration  follows 
as  the  result  of  the  lieart  stopping. 

If  death  occurs  as  the  result  of  a  current  with  a  pressure 
of  more  than  1,200  volts,  it  is  due  to  the  inhibition  of  the 
nervous  centres  and  consequent  respiratory  failure. 

Between  120  and  1,200  volts,  both  phenomena  occur 
simultaneously. 

Within  certain  limits  death  occurs  with  a  constant 
number  of  joules,  i.e.,  the  danger  increases  with  the  intensity 
of  the  current,  and  with  the  length  of  time  the  current  is 
passing. 

An  alternating  current  is  approximately  four  times  as 
deadly  as  continuous  current.  Death  was  brought  about  by 
a  minimum  current  of  80  milliamperes  ('08  ampere) 
alternating  and  a  minimum  of  339  milliamperes  continuous. 
Although  alternating  currents  were  found  to  be  more  dan- 
gerous as  regards  immediate  effects,  they  have  no  delayed 
action,  such  as  has  been  observed  after  the  passage  of  con- 
tinuous currents.  There  are  several  cases  recorded  in 
which  men  have  been  subjected  to  strong  continuous 
currents,  have  recovered  for  a  time,  and  have  then  become 
paralysed  in  the   limbs   through  which  the  current  had 


Currents  that  were  selectively  fatal  to  the  action  of  the 
heart  did  not  cause  death  if  the  heart  were  not  included 
in  the  circuit :  e.i/.,  with  the  electrodes  placed  below  the 
jaw  and  on  top  of  the  head  the  current  did  not  destroy 
the  dog,  but  brought  about  death  when  they  were  applied  to 
the  forcpaws. 

After  the  heart  had  entered  into  fibrillary  tremors,  no 
known  treatment  was  of  avail  in  bringing  about  recovery, 
but,  in  certain  cases,  where  respiratory  failure  took  place 
the  respiration  gradually  recovered  after  a  lapse  of  some 
90  seconds. 

From  a  consideration  of  various  fatal  accidents,  it  is  pro- 
bable that  the  reaction  of  human  beings  to  the  current  is 
quite  comparable  to  the  reaction  of  dogs. 

After  due  consideration  of  the  materials  obtained,  the 
committee  decided  to  have  three  sets  of  placards  prepared. 
The  first  embodied  instructions  to  experts,  and  these  are  to 
be  displayed  in  the  interior  of  all  electrical  works,  sub- 
stations, &c.  The  second  set  was  for  the  general  public  who 
might  not  be  able  to  differentiate  between  dangerous 
apparatus  and,  for  instance,  inoffensive  telegraphic  material. 
The  third  set  was  of  an  educational  nature,  and  meant  for 
distribution  in  schools. 

The  first  set  of  placards  commences  with  some  general 
information  and  recommendations  to  be  observed  in  all  cases. 
The  important  item  of  advice  under  this  heading  is  : — 
Release -the  victim  from  the  influence  of  the  current  at  the 
earliest  possible  moment,  remembering  especially  that 
dampness  and  moisture  render  rescue  work  extremely 
dangerous. 

The  procedure  differs  according  to  the  pressure  of  the 
current.  If  less  than  100  volts  alternating,  or  COO  volts 
continuous,  no  danger  to  the  rescuer  is  to  be  feared,  and  the 
victim  may  be  secured  and  pulled  away,  care  being  taken 
not  to  touch  any  conductor. 

From  150  to  0,000  volts,  it  is  necessary  for  the  rescuer 
first  to  insulate  himself  thoroughly  from  the  earth.  This  may 
be  done  by  means  of  dry,  clean  bottles  placed  under  a  board, 
or  better  by  some  spare  insulators  supporting  a  board. 
If  two  hands  are  used  they  should  both  be  placed  on  the 
same  part  of  the  injured  man. 

For  pressures  over  (i.OOo  volts,  rescue  under  any  circum- 
stances is  extremely  dangerous.  It  is  necessary  for  the 
rcFcuer  to  insulate  himself  from  earth  with  the  greatest  care, 
and  on  no  account  to  touch  the  victim  except  through 
insulating  material  also. 

The  bill  ends  with  instructions  regarding  first  aid,  &c. 

The  second  set  of  placards  is  meant  for  distribution 
in  districts  supplied  with  electricity.  The  public  are 
warned  not  to  attempt  rescue  unless  the  accident  occurs 
inside  a  house,  where  the  pressure  may  be  assumed 
to   be    comparatively    low.      Under    these    circumstances, 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,815,  AruiL  i,  1913. 


niK    ELECTRICAL    ItKVIEW. 


549 


people  are  advised  to  use  only  one  hiiiid,  to  cover  the 
liiind  willi  dry  linen  or  dry  jwiper,  not  to  touch  the  con- 
(hictors,  and  to  stand  onacliair,  if  [tOHHiblc,  htfore  atltinptiiij? 
to  pull  the  victim  free. 

Where,  however,  the  ac(;ident  o(x;i:rH  in  coniicetion  witii 
some  form  of  dlHtriliutin^f  upparaliiM,  noliiinf^  nhould  he  done 
beyond  informiuf;  the  auLhoriticH,  with  a  view  to  cutting  olT 
tlie  current  and  getlinj,'  expcit  help. 

it  was  su}^j:;ested  that  an  attempt  mi^'ht  he  made  to  hhort- 
circuit  the  victim,  but  il.  wuh  decidecl  that  this  procedure 
would  be  inadvisable  ;  for  ulthou<^h  certain  and  practicable 
in  the  laboratory,  the  attempt  would  be  fran^'ht  with  j^reat 
danjijer  vvhea  rapidly  improvised  on  the  oix'asion  of  an 
accident. 

In  the  general  report  the  Commission  lays  strcs-s  on  tl  e 
necessity  of  educating  the  piil)lic,  and  especially  all  diildren 
at  schodi,  of  the  dan<^i  r  there  is  in  tonchinf^  electrical 
apparatus.  it  further  advises  that  all  future  accidents, 
particularly  those  of  a  fatal  nuture,  should  be  carefully 
studied  by  skilled  observers,  so  that  they  may  report  on  the 
conditions  obtaining  at  the  time. 

One  curious  error  has  crept  into  the  report  which  has 
escaped  the  notice  of  tlie  electrical  engineers  of  the 
Commission.  Dr.  AVeiss  deduces  from  an  experiment  that 
the  intensity  of  the  current  is  the  important  factor,  and 
not  the  pressure.  He  sbows  that  by  keeping  the  current 
constant,  adding  external  resistance,  and  increasing  the 
pressure,  the  dog  behaves  in  exactly  the  same  way  in  each 
experiment,  quite  overlooking  the  fact  that  the  potential 
difference  across  the  dog  remains  the  same. 

This  fallacy,  however,  does  not  aflect  the  value  of  the 
experiments,  as  the  intensity  of  the  current  through  the 
body  is  directly  proportional  to  the  k  m.f.  applied  to  it. 

To  combat  the  idea  that  an  electrical  shock  can  only  take 
place  when  a  person  is  in  contact  with  two  wires,  M.  Guery 
contributes  a  note  showing  the  effects  of  capacity  in  this 
connection. 

He  first  points  out  how  on  any  circuit  which  may  have 
developed  an  earth,  shock  is  possible  from  a  single  contact, 
and  then  goes  on  to  consider  a  single-phase  alternating- 
current  line  with  a  high  insulation,  and  shows  that  with 
a  capacity  of  5  microfarads  the  pressure  to  which  a  person 
touching  one  wire  would  be  exposed  would  be  e/2,  e  being 
the  transmission  voltage.  Similarly  on  a  three-phase  mesh 
system,  with  a  pressure  of  e  between  wires,  the  shock 
pressure  would  be  e/v/-[. 

Another  note  included  in  the  repoit  deals  with  protective 
clothing  invented  by  Mons.  N.  Artemitff,  of  Kief.  A 
similar  device,  however,  has  been  known  in  England  for 
some  time.  Trials  and  experiments  carried  out  by  the 
inventor  himself  showed  that  the  id(a  might  be  of  great 
value  in  practice. 

The  clothing  is  composed  of  a  very  fine  metallic  tissue 
formed  in  a  single  piece,  and  enveloping  the  whole  body, 
including  the  head,  hands  and  feet.  The  metallic  tissue  is 
fixed  to  fine  cloth,  and  the  whole  garment  is  arranged 
to  put  on  over  the  ordinary  clothes,  and  is  so  made  that 
it  can  be  put  on  and  off  without  assistance.  The  necessary 
gaps  do  not  affect  its  efficiency  provided  they  are  closed 
in  the  prescribed  way. 

The  clothing  does  not  impede  the  workman's  movements 
in  any  way. 

Its  protective  action  is  twofold  : — 

1.  The  body  of  the  opeiator  is  short-circuited  by  a  rfsist- 
ance  of  less  than  •()!  ohm.  The  costume  can  take  a 
current  of  2(io  amperes  indefinitely  and  (JOO  ampeies  kv 
several  seconds. 

2.  A  man  clothed  with  such  a  garment  can  touch  any  part 
of  a  high-pressure  apparatus  without  danger,  provided  it  is 
sufficiently  well  insulated. 

Although  the  clothing  protects  against  death,  it  cannot 
obviate  the  possibility  of  very  serious  injury. 

In  all  probability  the  increased  ouirent  would  promptly 
blow  the  fuses  or  operate  cut-outs,  but  should  it  not  do  so 
the  operator  would  establish  an  arc  on  breaking  the  circuit, 
leading  to  the  destruction  of  the  metallic  tissue  and  the  pro- 
duction of  very  severe  burns. 

When  testing  the  clothing,  the  inventor  is  said  to  have 
short-circuited  a  machine  having  an  output  of  200  amperes 
ftt  1,000  volts  through  hia  hands,  end  then  to  have  quickly 


broken  the  uircuit.     1'he  tiune  wan  burnt  in  Kveml  plaoM 
by  the  reHulling  arc,  but  the  hundn  were  noi  hurt  at  all. 

Another  tent  wa.H  tin:  Hhort-circuitinir  of  a  20-kw.  iratii- 
former,  wound  to  give  a  volltij^o  of  l.'>(),00ii  voILm,  without 
cauBing  <lamagc  to  the  clothing  of  the  ofjcrutor. 


NOTES    FROM    CANADA. 


[KKO.M    Ot'll   OWN   COnRK«rO.M)KNT.j 


Till",  Hydro- Klectiic  Tower  Commission  of  Ontario  recently 
issued  its  third  and  fourth  annual  reportH  (for  1010  and 
1 !)  1 1 )  under  one  cover. 

The  rci)ort8  .show  what  contracts  were  entered  into  for  the 
supply  of  power  to  various  municipalities',  the  growth  of  the 
load,  the  survey  work  carried  out  by  the  hydraulic  de[»art- 
ment,  and  the  work  done  by  the  municipal  department 
in  planning  out  distribution  systems,  advising  and  assist- 
ing local  electrical  superintendents  in  the  execution  of  their 
duties,  &c. 

Some  interesting  particulars  are  given  under  the  heading 
of  "  Operation  of  the  Systems." 

Before  being  put  into  operation  the  various  items  of 
equipment  underwent  severe  tests,  the  high-tension  wind- 
ings of  the  110,000-volt  transformers  and  the  transmission 
lines  being  subjected  to  a  test  pressure  of  220,000  volts 
between  each  phase  and  earth. 

The  load  factor  of  the  system  is  said  to  be  fairly  high, 
and  for  18  hours  of  the  day  the  load  is,  roughly,  75  per  cent, 
of  the  maximum. 

At  first,  when  the  load  was  very  light,  the  power  factor 
at  Niagara  Falls  was  lower  than  70  per  cent,  leading,  but  as 
the  load  increasis  it  is  expected  that  the  power  factor  will 
in  time  be  a  lagging  one.  Some  of  the  larger  municipalities 
have  provided  synchronous  motors  to  control  the  power  factor 
of  their  loads. 

The  voltage  regulation  on  the  high-tension  system  is 
within  2  per  cent. 

In  1911  electrical  storms  were  reported  on  55  different 
days,  18  of  them  being  severe.  Six  interruptions  have  been 
caused  directly  by  lightning  on  the  u.t.  system,  but  con- 
trasting it  with  other  h.t.  lines,  either  on  the  Canadian  or 
the  American  side  of  the  Niagara  district,  this  is  only  alout 
one  quarter  of  the  number  of  interruptions  which  occurred 
during  the  same  season  on  these  other  lines. 

An  interesting  fact  is  that  out  of  the  120,000  high- 
voltage  insulator  sections  on  the  line,  net  one  has  been 
broken  due  to  electrical  causes. 

A  good  deal  of  trouble  was  experienced  with  the  operation 
of  the  Commission's  private  telephone  lines,  but  this  has 
nov  been  practically  surmounted. 

The  foregoing  particulars  nfer  to  no  more  recent  date 
than  the  end  of  October,  1911  ;  it  is  expected,  however,  that 
the  report  for  1912  will  be  published  before  long,  thus 
bringing  the  information  available  down  to  a  recent  date. 

The  article  headed  "  Electrical  Apparatus  and  Standardisa- 
tion," ly  Mr.  W.  A.  Top}  in,  in  the  Review  of  February 
21st,  leads  one  to  suggest  that  a  leaf  might  very  well  be 
taken  out  of  the  "  National  Electrical  Code  "  of  the  "  Iloard 
of  Fire  Underwriters,"  which  has  been  to  the  foie  lately  in 
these  columns. 

It  is  well  that  certain  things  should  be  stan<hlrdi^ed,  more 
particularly  those  articles  which,  owing  to  breakage  or  other 
cause,  are  in  constant  demand  by  the  ordinal y  consumer. 
It  should  be  as  easy  for  anyone  to  buy  a  new  fuse,  for 
instance,  as  to  go  out  and  purchase  a  box  of  tacks  Fuses 
over  here  are  standardised,  but  they  have  one  great 
objection  :  all  fuses  for  from  1  to  30  amperes  are  of  one 
s"ze  and  interchangeable  :  the  step  should  he  a  much  smaller 
one,  say,  1  to  o  amperes,  5  to  10  and  so  on. 

In  this  connection  the  German  system,  empbying  the 
Edison  plug  type   of    fuse,    is   well   worth    consideration. 


550 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,845,  Apuil  4,  1913. 


&3  all  the  threads  for  a  considerable  range  of  size, 
are  identical,  and  difl'erentiation  is  obtained  in  a  very 
simple  manner  by  making  the  connection  at  the  bottom 
of  the  socket  thicker  or  thinner  for  the  various  sizes  ;  thus, 
a  lO-ampere  plug  will  not  be  long  enough  to  reach  the  con- 
tact at  the  bottom  of  a  5-ampere  socket,  and,  therefore,  is 
useless.  Of  course  it  is  quite  impossible  to  arrange  any 
fusing  device  so  that  a  person  cannot  deliberately  make  use  of 
it  for  a  greater  current  than  is  intended  ;  the  best  that  can 
be  done  is  to  make  it  difficult  or  inconvenient  to  do  so,  and 
to  make  it  impossible  for  any  to  do  it  accidentally. 

Mr.  Toppin  refers  to  the  need  for  a  means  of  identifying 
"  Association  "  and  "  non- Association  "  cable  ;  over  here 
every  cable  maker  is  required  by  the  Underwriters'  Labora- 
tories to  put  certain  coloured  threads  into  the  insulating 
covering  whereby  each  firm's  cable  may  be  known.  A  similar 
system  could,  no  doubt,  be  utilised  to  advantage  with  regard 
to  the  two  classes  of  British  cable,  provided  that  necessary 
safeguards  were  devised  to  prevent  unscrupulous  makers 
from  putting  "  Association  "  threads  into  "  non- Association  " 
cables. 

These  notes  have  before  this  contained  references  to  the 
rapid  growth  of  some  of  the  towns  here,  especially  in  the 
West. 

Calgary,  Alberta,  started  its  municipal  tramway  system  in 
l!tOH  with  two  cars:  last  year  there  were  48.  The  track 
mileage  was  3,  but  this  year  it  will  be  7 1 .  The  population 
has  in  this  time  grown  from  35,000  to  75,000. 

According  to  a  recent  Government  report  giving  telegraph 
statistics,  there  were,  in  r.tl2,  108,000  wire  miles  of  line  in 
Canada  and  nearly  42,000-pole  miles.  Over  9^  million  land 
messages  and  more  than  \  million  cablegrams  were  sent 
during  the  year  ending  June  80th,  1912. 

The  (irand  Trunk  Railway  Co.  is  evidently  satisfied  with 
the  use  of  the  telephone  for  the  work  of  train  dispatching, 
as  it  is  steadily  extending  the  system,  and  the  operation  of  a 
good  many  miles  of  track  is  now  taken  care  of  by  this 
means. 


LIFE    TARGETS. 


Thk  improvement  of  targets  for  rifle  practice  has  received 
a  powerful  stimulus  from  the  development  of  the  "  miniature," 
or,  more  correctly,  "  low-power  "  rifle  clubs'  movement  during 
the  past  10  years,  and  some  very  ingenious  devices  have 
been  introduced  with  the  object  of  lending  realism  to  the 
pursuit  of  rifle  practice  and  facOitating  the  recording  of  the 
shots  ;  but  notlung  that  we  have  hitherto  met  with  can  be 
compared  in  point  of  novelty  and  interest  with  the  remark- 
able system  which  has  been  evolved  by  "  Life  Targets,"  of 
12,  Bow  Street,  E.C.  "We  recently  visited  one  of  their  rifle 
ranges  where  the  working  of  the  system  is  demonstrated,  and 
can  vouch  for  the  excellence  of  the  device  as  a  means  of 
enabling  riflemen  to  practise  under  the  most  realistic  con- 
ditions. To  put  the  matter  briefly,  the  marksman  shoots  at 
the  images  of  moving  objects — birds,  animals,  whatever  one 
pleases — thrown  on  a  screen  by  a  bioscope  ;  the  report  of 
the  rifle  instantaneously  stops  the  mechanism,  so  that  the 
picture  remains  stationary  for  a  few  seconds,  while  the 
bullet-hole,  illuminated  from  behind,  is  seen  as  a  bright 
spot  of  light  on  the  screen,  thus  enabling  the  accuracy  of  the 
aim  to  be  observed. 

The  motion  of  the  picture  is  then  resumed,  and  further 
practice  can  take  place,  the  bullet  hole  disappearing  from 
view.  The  means  adopted  to  attain  this  end  are  moat 
ingeoioui.  The  euence  of  the  Bystem  it  the  use  of  the 
"  KK  "  detector,  which  was  described  in  our  iuue  of  October 
11th,  1912.  and  was  originally  invented  bv  Mr,  von  Kramer 
and  Prof,  Kapp  for  the  purpoje  of  the  Rallophone,  deacrlbed 
in  our  laaue  of  July  5th,  1912, 

The  detector  b«  used  in  connection  with  the  Railophone 
Is  actuated  by  resonance  when  an  alternating  current  of 
given  frequency  is  induced  in  a  cpil  carried  en  a  railway 
vehicle,  by  a  corresponding  current  sent  through  a  wire  laid 
alongside  of  the  track,  As  employed  in  the  target  apparatus, 
however,  the  detector  may  be  said  to  be  actuated  by  dis-< 
■onance.  A  microphone  is  fixed  in  the  roof  of  the  rifle 
range,  with  a  trumpet  directed  towards  the  firing  point,  and 


is  connected  with  a  battery  in  series  with  the  primary  of  a 
small  induction  coil,  the  secondary  of  which  is  connected  to 
the  K'K  detector.  Ordinarily,  therefore,  the  latter  is  inert ; 
but  on  the  occurrence  of  a  loud  noise  such  as  the  report  of 
a  rifle,  the  current  in  the  microphone  circuit  is  disturbed, 
and  the  KK  detector  is  actuated,  closing  the  circuit  of  a 
relay.  Obviously,  this  having  been  accomplished,  with  the 
aid  of  electromagnetic  devices  and  a  local  battery,  the  rest 
is  easy  ;  the  motor  driving  the  bioscope  is  stopped  and  a  mag- 
netic brake  applied  to  the  mechanism,  instantly  arresting  the 
progress  of  the  film  ;  and  a  time-limit  device  is  set  in  opera- 
tion,which,  after  the  lapse  of  any  desired  interval  (3  seconds 
is  sufficient),  restores  the  circuits  to  the  running  condition. 
As  the  exposure  of  a  stationary  celluloid  film  to  the  rays  of 
the  projection  arc  lamp  would  cause  its  immediate  ignition, 
a  current  of  air  is  automaticilly  directed  upon  it  to  keep  it 
cool — without  this  or  an  equivalent  device  the  system  could 
not  be  operated.  The  air  supply  is  derived  from  an 
electrically  driven  blower. 

We  have  mentioned  that  the  bullet  holes  in  the  screen  dis- 
appear when  the  picture  is  set  in  motion  again.  The  method 
by  which  this  is  accomplished  is  extremely  clever.  The  pic- 
ture screen  consists  of  a  wide  sheet  of  stout  paper  wound  on 
a  roller  below  the  target  :  the  band  of  paper  passes  upwards, 
over  a  roller,  and  downwards  to  a  third   roller  alongside  of 


X  Indicates  the  poeition  of  the  microphone. 

Teeeitobial  N.C.O.'s  Fieing  at  the  Like  Takoet. 

the  first.  Thus  every  bullet  perforates  the  sheet  twice.  A 
white  surface  behind  the  target,  brilliantly  illuminated  with 
flame  arc  lamps,  forms  the  source  of  the  light  that  shines 
through  the  bullet  hole.  The  roller  last  mentioned  is  provided 
with  a  ratchet  wheel,  with  which  engages  a  pawl,  actuated  by  a 
solenoid  at  the  moment  when  the  motion  of  the  picture  is 
resumed ;  by  this  means,  the  paper  is  wound  up  ^  in.,  and  as  the 
bullet  hole  is  \  in.  in  diameter,  the  relative  motion  of  the  front 
and  back  portions  of  the  band  of  paper  puts  the  two  holes 
out  of  line,  thus  causing  the  disappearance  of  the  spot  of 
light.  This  occurs  at  each  shot,  or,  rather,  at  each  resump- 
tion of  motion  of  the  picture  target,  as  several  shots  may  be 
fired  simultaneously.  As  a  large  roll  of  paper  is  employed, 
it  is,  of  course,  desirable  that  it  should  be  used  over  again 
many  times ;  bat  if  the  paper  were  merely  wound 
back  and  forth,  the  holes  already  made  would  evidently 
reappear.  To  prevent  this,  a  second  band  of  paper  is  passed 
once  horizontally  between  the  folds  of  the  first  band  from  one 
vertical  roller  to  another.  This  sheet  is  perforated  with  the 
other ;  but  by  moving  it  occasionally  the  holes  in  the  middle 
sheet  are  moved  sideways  out  of  line  with  those  in  the  other 
sheets,  and  thus  it  is  rendered  so  improbable  that  holes  ia 
the  three  sheets  will  accidentally  register  accurately  that  tliQ 
contingency  may  be  dismissed  as  too  remote  to  he  worilt 
consideration,  JJoreover,  the  appearance  of  such  a  hole 
would  nececsarily  coinoido  with  the  resumption  of  motion  of 
the  picture  target  and  the  movement  of  the  screen,  before 
uny  one  could  have  fired,  and  therefore  it  could  not  lead  to 
any  mistake.  By  this  clever  device  it  is  made  possible  to 
use  the  same  paper  over  and  over  again,  until,  in  fact,  it  ia 
riddled  with  bullet  holes. 
It  will  be  seen  that  the  whole  system  depends  absolutely 


Vol.  72.    No.  i,Hir.,  Ai'itii,  I,  I'ji:).  I 


TNI':    i:li:(  TKicAL   i:i:\ii',\\. 


r,..i 


upon  tlu;  iiid  of  L'l(i;tiiciLy,  and  i,\\f  mccliunisin,  whicli,  wc 
undorHLtiiid,  ia  the  work  of  Rcvcml  invciiLnr.-)  mid  Llio  Hnl»j«TL 
of  a  iiuin'otM'  of  paU-'uts,  is  oxcccdin^'ly  iii^(!iiioiiH.  VV«! 
mimt  c.xpresH  oiii-  admiration  cHptcially  for  the  Htroko  of 
{,'eniuH  wliioli  utiliHod  tlie  K  K  dcUjctor  to  ciiabh;  a  soiiiid  tx) 
give  rise  to  tlio  motion  of  a  relay.  Tlie  cfTcct  could  eor- 
taiidy  hv.  produced  by  other  means,  bub  nothinj,'  more 
beautiful  could  well  have  been  devised  than  the  device 
adojjted. 

'IMie  intense  interest  evoked  in  the  breasts  of  riflenuin  by 
the  "  life  target "  is  better  experienced  than  described  ;  rifle 
practice  becomes  a  fascinating  occupation  wlu'ii  performed 
under  such  realistic  conditions,  and  we  cannot  doubt  that 
there  is  a  wide  scope  for  the  new  target,  c\en  when  viewed 
only  from  the  sporting  aspect.  But  it  has  its  serious  side 
also,  and  as  a  means  of  training  riltemen  for  military  {)ur- 
poses  it  would  be  difficult  to  conceive  of  a  more  admirable 
scheme.  The  system  has,  in  fact,  been  demonstrated  before 
the  military  authorities,  who  have  expressed  the  warmest 
approval  of  it,  and  there  is  every,  probability  that  it 
will  be  adopted  by  the  War  Office. 


THE    FIXATION    OF    ATMOSPHERIC 
NITROGEN. 

By^P.  H.  S.  KEMPTON,  A.R.C.S.,  B.Sc. 


The  increasing  use  of  chemical  or  artificial  manures  in 
agriculture,  especially  for  corn-culture  in  the  United  States, 
has  rendered  the  manufacture  of  nitrogen  compounds  suit- 
able for  soil  enrichment  a  matter  of  considerable  economic 
importance. 

The  chief  natural  source  of  nitrates  is  the  celebrated 
Chile  petre  beds,  and  some  idea  of  the  vast  increase  in  the 
demands  made  on  these  beds  can  be  gained  from  the  following 
figures  :— Output  in  1896,  1,060,000  tons  ;  output  in  1905, 
1,567,000  tons  ;  output  in  1910,  2,700,000  tons,  of  which 
600,000  tons  were  supplied  to  the  U.S.A.  for  corn  culture. 
Assuming  a  steady  increase  in  the  demand,  M.  Yergara 
calculates  that  the  Chile  beds  will  be  exhausted  in  1923. 
With  these  facts  in  mind,  many  experimenters  have  turned 
their  attention  to  the  fixation  of  atmospheric  nitrogen,  and 
processes  on  a  commercial  scale  are  now  in  successful 
operation  at  Notodden  in  Sweden,  Odda  in  Norway,  Vevey 
in  Switzerland,  Patch,  near  Insbruck,  and  at  Niagara  and 
other  places  in  America,  water  power  being  invariably  used 
to  drive  the  electrical  machinery. 

The  choice  of  a  substance  with  which  to  combine  the 
atmospheric  nitrogen,  and  thus  "  fix  "  it,  is  subject  to  three 
important  considerations : — 

1.  The  cheapness  of  the  combining  substance. 

2.  The  cost  of  the  energy  used  in  effecting  the  com- 
bination. 

3.  The  availability  of  the  nitrogen  in  the  resulting  product, 
and  its  consequent  suitability  for  the  purpose  of  soil 
enrichment. 

Obviously  the  cheapest  and  most  natural  substance  for 
combination  is  the  atmospheric  oxygen,  and  to  the  production 
of  oxides  and  nitric  acid  most  attention  has  been  directed. 
Next  to  oxygen,  hydrogen  has  been  most  in  favour,  and 
many  experimenters  have  devoted  their  energies  to  per- 
fecting methods  for  producing  ammonia  by  acting  electric- 
ally upon  various  mixtures  of  atmospheric  nitrogen  and 
producer  gas,  Dowson  gas,  &c.  The  combination  with 
carbon  to  form  cyanides,  and  with  metals  to  form  easily 
decomposable  nitrides,  has  been  referred  to  ;  while  the  most 
recent,  and  perhaps  the  most  promisiog,  direction  of  research 
is  In  the  production  of  oyanamides. 

Fixation  with  Oxygen.'^ki  early  as  1785,  Cavendish  com- 
bined nitrogen  with  oxygen  by  means  of  the  spark  discharge, 
In  1863  Meissner  experimented  on  similar  lines,  and  found 
that  combination  was  effected  more  easily  when  the  gases 
were  moist.  In  1892,  Sir  William  Crookes  suggested  the 
use  of  the  arc,  and  the  same  idea  was  also  used  by  Eayleigh 
in   1897.      In    1900,   MacDougall  and  Howies,   using  a 


liiKli-tenHJiin  iiiUsrnutinK  iirc,  ix^nchidtyl  thai  the  d«{(re« 
of  fixation  of  the  nitro){<-n  wim  a  function  uf  the 
teiripcniture.  At  nlxiut  the  itamc  time  l'>ra<llcy  and  I/ivejojr 
HCt  up  a  plant  at  Niugani,  in  whicii  10,000- volt  l».r.  aroi 
W(!re  maintained  |j<!Lween  jiluliiiutn  elccirrjdett.  Thin  un(l«r- 
takin;;  ran  for  I  .'i  uionthH,  and  th<.-n  failed,  owin^;  to  technical 
difliculties  uriHiiig  willi  the  u[ij<aralUH  and  the  umallmaiH  of 
the  yield  of  HaitjKilre  MiiO  kilfjH.  [x.t  kilowutt-y<air>.  H<X)n 
afU;rwardH,  howe\er,  r.irkelund  and  Hyde,  at  NoUj'Iden,  p».T- 
fectcd  a  proccRH  which  is  the  baxis  of  m(Mt  UKxIem  infcthfj«hi 
of  li.xation.  Tlie  <;8He(itial  diflererif*;  Ixitweon  their  method 
and  the  nietlKxI.s  previou.sly  adopted  Ih  the  drawing  out  of 
the  an;  into  a  disk  by  means  of  un  electromagnet. 

The  arc  is  run  at  "i,000  volts  \.(.,  and  an  electromagnet, 
placed  e(iuatorially,  draws  the  arc  out  until  it  breaks  ;  it 
then  forms  again,  is  again  ilrawn  out  and  breaks.  This 
process,  repeated  very  rapidly,  provides  what  is,  practically 
speaking,  a  "disk  arc,"  and  by  suitably  arranging  the  arc 
and  j)r<ividing  a  sufficiently  powerful  magnet  Tbetween 
■1,000  and  .'i.OOO  lines  per  sii-  cm.j,  a  di.sk  as  large  aa  A  ft. 
in  radius  am  Imj  maintained,  and  a  field  temj^rature  of 
:i,000  ('.reached.  Hollow  L'-shaped  copper  elcjtrodea  are  used, 
25  cm.  in  diameter,  which  are  water-cooled.  The  air  is 
passed  through  this  arc  at  a  gentle  pressure,  25,000  litres 
per  minute  being  the  normal  rate  of  flow,  producing  :;  per 
cent,  of  nitric  oxide.  This  nitric  oxide  is  cooled,  oxidised  to 
the  peroxide  and  passed  into  towers,  where  it  is  first  con- 
verted into  nitric  acid  and,  finally,  into  calcium  nitrate,  by 
passing  into  milk  of  lime. 

In  1 !)  1 0  the  plant  at  Notodden  consisted  of  furnaces  con- 
suming 1,500  K\v.,  and  capable  of  "fixing"  150  kgm.  of 
nitrogen  per  KW.-year.  This  has  recently  been  augmented 
by  furnaces  using  800  K\v.  each,  and  whereas  the  production 
in  1910  was  20,000  tons  of  calcium  nitrate,  the  new  plant  is 
now  supplying  nearly  40,000  tons  perannum.  Larger  furnaces 
are  now  being  tested,  one  of  3,000  kw.  being  in  regular 
use.  Results  seem  to  point  to  increase  of  yield,  with  in- 
crease in  furnace  power.  The  product  which  is  put  on  the 
market  is  75  per  cent,  calcium  nitrate  (equivalent  to  13  per 
cent,  nitrogen),  and  the  estimated  cost  of  production  is  £4 
per  ton.  Birkeland  calculates  that  it  can  be  sold  at  a  profit 
at  £8  a  ton,  thus  competing  with  the  natural  fertilising  pro- 
ducts, which  sell  at  from  £6-£10  per  ton. 

At  Vevey,  Moscicki  and  Kowa'ski  have  an  arrangement 
in  which  the  arc  is  maintained  between  two  concentric 
copper  poles  and  kept  revolving  by  means  of  an  electro- 
magnet. In  this  way  the  arc  is  drawn  out  into  an  effective 
"  ring  arc,"  and  the  air  passing  through  the  annular  space 
is  "  fixed,"  and  the  oxides  produced  are  treated  much  as  in 
the  method  described  above.  The  arc  is  of  exceedingly  high 
frequency  and  voltage. 

In  the  Badische  Anilin  und  Soda  Fabrik  the  arc  through 
which  the  air  is  drawn  is  maintained  in  a  tube  80-50  ft.  in 
length,  the  upper  end  of  which  is  water-cooled. 

The  arrangement  of  the  furnace  is  such  that  the  incoming 
air  is  heated  to  a  temperature  of  about  500^  C.  by  the  out-   ■ 
going  gases. 

The  experimental  furnaces  working  on  this  principle  (the 
Schonherr  arc)  in  Christiansand,  work  at  4,200  volts, 
and  consume  about  450  kw.  In  a  new  plant  in  course  of 
erection,  the  arcs  will  be  about  20  ft.  long,  the  power  con- 
sumed will  be  600  kw.,  and  the  furnaces  will  require 
about  40,000  cb.  ft.  of  air  per  hour. 

It  is  claimed  for  this  process  that  a  80  per  cent,  nitric 
acid  is  produced,  and  extensive  experiments  are  being  carried 
out  at  Notodden  to  determine  the  relative  merits  of  the 
Birkeland  and  Schonherr  systems  with  a  view  to  installing 
the  most  successful  method  in  the  new  works  at  Rkujan. 

The  furnaces  used  by  the  Salpetersaure  Industrie  Gesell- 
schaft  Gelsenkirchen,  at  Patsch,  in  the  Tyrol,  are  of  the 
Pauling  type.  The  arc  (of  high  frequency  a.c.)  is  main- 
tained Detween  divergmg  electrodes  and  tends  to  spread  to 
the  widest  space  between  them.  The  arg  la  also  broadened 
by  the  stream  of  hot  air  passing  over  it. 

The  present  plant  consists  of  24  furnaces  taking  400  KW., 
each  at  4,000  volts,  and  using  600  cubic  metres  _  of 
air  per  hour,  but  larger  furnaces  on  this  system  are  being 
installed  in  new  works  at  Legnano,  near  JMilan. 

Haber  and  Koenig  give  the  following  comparison  of  the 
efficiencies  of  the  flames  ; — 


552 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,845,  APBIL  4,  1913. 


Tanli  ig 

Biikeland 

Schonherr 


GO  grammes  HNUj  j)er  kilowatt- hour. 
70 


Fixation  icith  Hydrogen. — la  1900,  Hemptinne.  experi- 
mented on  mixtures  of  nitrogen  and  hydrogen  with  spark 
and  silent  discharges.  He  found  that  the  best  conditions 
for  combination  are  low  pressures  and  temperatures  and  narrow 
spark-gap.  Three  years  later,  Schlutius,  e.xperimenting  with 
Dowson's  gas,  discovered  that  combination  with  atmospheric 
nitrogen  proceeds  fairly  rapidly  at  temperatures  below  80  C. 
in  the  presence  of  platinum  under  the  infiuemeof  the  silent 
discharge.  The  possibility  of  substituting  Dowson's  gas  for 
purer  forms  of  hjdrogen  has  rendered  the  manufacture  of 
ammonia  by  this  method  a  commercial  pjtsibility,  but  as  tlio 
supplies  of  gas-licjuor  ammonia  are  considerable,  it  is  unlikely 
that  this  synthetic  ammonia  will  enter  into  active  competi- 
tion with  the  nitrates  which  arc  pnductd  more  cheaply  by 
the  eltctrical  methods  previously  described. 

Other  methods  involving  the  use  of  catalytic  agents  other 
than  platinum  {e.(j  ,  uranium)  have  been  suggested,  but  have 
not  achieved  any  commercial  success. 

Fixation  with  Carbon. — More  recently  attention  has  been 
turned  to  the  possibilities  of  combining  atmospheric  nitrogen 
with  another  cheap  material,  namely,  carbon.  This  has 
been  accomplished  indirectly  by  the  following  means  : 
Calcium  carbide  or  a  mixture  of  carbide  and  chloride  is 
heated  in  a  specially  constructed  form  of  electrical  furnace 
in  the  presence  of  nitrogen.  The  carbide  takes  up  nitrogen, 
liberating  carbon  and  forming  calcium  cyanamide 
(NCNCa),  known  commercially  as  kalkstickstoflf.  The 
nitrogen  was  originally  obtained  from  the  atmosphere  by 
passing  air  over  red-hot  copper  and  then  reducing  the  copper 
oxide  by  a  stream  of  hydrogen  or  producer  gas  in  order  to 
recover  the  copper,  but  this  method  hus  now  been  sui^erseded 
by  the  fractionat'on  of  licjuid  air  to  obtain  the  necessary 
nitrogen.  .Vitempts  have  also  been  made  to  combine  the 
production  of  the  carbide  and  the  cyanamide  in  one  operation, 
but  these  have  now  been  abandoned. 

Thtorelically,  1  kw.  should  suffice  to  "fix"  100  kg.  of 
nitrogen  per  annum.  Jn  practice  little  over  40  kg.  are 
obtained.  The  product — kalkstitkstoff— contains  20  j.er 
cent,  of  nitrogen,  and  on  treatment  with  water  yields 
ammonia,  and  thus  acts  as  an  active  fertiliser.  C\anamide 
factories  are  now  in  existence  in  Italy,  the  United  States, 
Norway,  Germany,  Switzerland  and  France.  The  largest 
of  these  works  i?  that  at  Odda,  in  Norway,  which  was 
originally  built  by  the  North-Western  Cyanamide  Co.  to 
produce  calcium  carbide.  The  present  output  of  cyanamide 
from  this  factory  is  20,000  tons  annually,  the  plant  con- 
sisting of  19G  furnaces,  using  a  total  of  20,000  h.p.  derived 
from  the  River  Tysse,  four  miles  distant. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


LMeri  received  by  ui  aftfer  5  P.M.  ON  TUKSDAT  cannet  appear  until 
the  /olUtoing  week.  Corretp<ir>dfnlt  thould  forvuard  their  amimuni- 
catittiu  at  the  earlient  pottible  movient.  No  letter  can  be  published 
*mlfta  loe  kaf«  the  j.,riter^i  name  arid  addrett  in  out  pottettion. 


Business  in  Spain. 

Your  recent  article  on  the  backward  state  of  Briti^]l 
trade  in  eltctrical  material  in  Spain  is  int*  resting,  and  niay 
spur  some  manufacturers  who  do  not  already  know  tie 
market  to  make  efforts  and  spend  moiiey  to  obtain  the  trade 
which  undoubtedly  exists. 

As  a  British  manufacturer,  with  a  good  many  years' 
exiierience  of  Continental  trade,  1  might  n;ention  the 
following  : — 

For  the  last  11  years  1  have  regularly  worked  Spain  with 
travellers,  from  the  rank  of  a  director  downwards,  including 
some  of  my  mf>st  competent  engineers,  of  course  speaking 
the  language,  but  they  have  never  yet  secured  sufticicnt 
business  to  pay  more  than  their  travelling  expenses. 

Thinking  this  system  might  be  wrong,  1  appointed  local 
agents,  and  eiKleavcured  by  moderate  stocks  to  obtain  the 
trade.     This  method  also  failed. 

Then  I  tried  employing  a  Spanitb  commercial  travelUr, 


an  engineer  (certainly  not  a  specialist  in  electrics),  with  a 
good  working  knowledge  of  Spanish  requirements.  The 
experiment  was  even  worse  than  the  others,  and  con- 
sequently I  now  feel  the  Spanish  market  is  really  no  good 
to  me.  The  trade  is  there,  but  the  grade  of  material, 
wliethcr  acassories,  fittings,  motors  or  fans,  is  so  low,  that 
1  find  they  will  not  even  take  the  trouble  to  look  at 
corresponding  British  articles,  which  as  a  rule  are  at  least 
25  per  cent,  more  in  first  cost,  and  generally  cost  more  to 
land  through  Customs  duties,  owing  to  their  extra  weight. 

Further,  the  supiply  houses  and  jobbers  of  the  princif  al 
cities  are  almost  all  tied  houses,  allied  to  the  wealthy 
(ierman,  and  occasionally  French,  manufacturers.  These 
carry  tii< unions  stocks,  and  are  willing  to  sell  them  at 
figures  far  below  my  woiks  cost.  Price,  and  price  alone, 
seems  the  seciet  of  the  trade,  and  I  think  my  experience 
will  be  fdund  to  Le  that  of  other  man u fail ureis. 

The  only  (xplanatiou  I  can  (.ffur  is  that  so  long  as  the 
(lerman  man u fact ureis  are  able  to  sell  their  machines  at 
high  prices  at  home  (as  I  knowfnni  per.- onal  experience 
they  do),  they  can  continue  with  advantage  to  .sell  at 
dumped  figures  abroad.  There  may  be  some  advantage  to 
Spain  as  an  importing  country,  but  it  effectually  prevents 
her  attempting  the  manufacture  of  this  material,  and  as  my 
experience  shows,  precludes  any  hope  of  success  from 
England. 

I  should  be  interested  to  hear  what  other  manufacturers' 
expeiience  has  been. 

JHunnfucturer. 

London,  ilarrh  20/h,  1913. 


Failure  to  Excite. 


I  should  be  pleased  if  any  of  the  readers  of  the  Rkvikw 
could  explain  a  curious  difficulty  which  cccurred  to  me  the 
other  day. 

I  wound  a  sinall  shunt  dynamo  to  generate  (iO  volts  D.c. 
at  4,000  revolutions,  to  act  as  a  speedometer  for  a  variable- 
speed  alternator,  driven  from  the  pulley  of  the  same,  and  to 
record  on  a  0-(!0  vokmetcr  to  be  calibrated  in  "cycles  per 
second  "  direct. 

It  ran  at  about  3.800  revolutions  as  a  shunt  motor  on 
GO  volts,  but  when  driven  as  a  dynamo  it  refused  to  excite. 
Separately  excited  on  GO  volts,  however,  we  obtained  alout 
55  volts  from  the  armature,  but  even  when  we  helped  the 
excitation  w  th  a  few  turns  carrying  a  heavy  external 
current,  when  the  shunt  fields  were  connected  across  the 
two  brushes,  we  only  obtained  18  volts  on  the  voltmeter, 
which  slowly  fell  back  to  zero  when  this  helping  exciting 
current  from  the  external  source  was  switched  off.  The 
machine  was  a  two-pole  machine,  the  armatuie  core  and 
field  stampings  being  of  Sankey's  "  Lohys  "  iron  (it  being  a 
core  as  usually  used  for  small  fan  motors  A.c.  and  n.c.) ; 
the  field  turts  1,500  per  pole,  carrying  about  0']5  amp., 
and  tlie  armatuie  resistance,  brush  to  brush,  beirg 
about  8'''. 

Speedometer. 

Prospects  in  Electiicul  Engineeriug. 

One  of  the  most  inteiesting  sections  in  (he  ELECTfiiCAL 
Review  is  the  "Situations  Vacant"  columns,  which  I  think 
arc  perused  regularly  by  a  large  number  of  the  pnifessioii, 
from  chief  engineers  down  to  those  young  gentlemen  who 
have  studied  Olim's  law  for  a  ft-w  weeks  and  wish  to  biconie 
electrical  engineers.  These  coliuims  cf  )our  issue  of 
March  28th  are  particularly  interesting,  and  give  one  mui  h 
food  for  thought.  Take  the  case  of  a  switchboard  attendant 
wanted  for  an  electricity  works  in  Lancashire  with  three 
scpjirate  supplies — high  tensie)n,  three-wire  i)  c  and  traction — 
"should  have  teclMiieal  school  training,'"  for  the  niHgnificeiit 
salary  of  5s.  per  week  e)f  5(i  hours  (presumably  seven  shifts 
per  week),  which  works  out  at  Id.  jier  hour,  with  an  odd 
4d.,  with  which  the  successful  applicant  can  purchase  the 
Ki.KCTRHAi,  Revii;w  to  look  for  another  job.  This 
advertiseinent  must  be  bad  reading  for  some  of  the  technical 
institutions. 

Then,  again,  we  notice  that  a  chief  electrical  engineer  is 
required  at  £500  per  year  clear  of  all  expenses,  and  be  it 
noted  he  must  not  exceed  40  years  of  age. 
.  Now  probably  a  young  gentleman  finishiDg  a  course  at  a 


Vol.  72.    No.  l.sif),  AruiL  I,  19IU.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


553 


tecliriical  Bchool  iioticoB  tliesc  two  lulvortigdrnentp,  ond 
immediately  comes  to  the  eonclimioti  that  lie  Htarts  at  tlie 
bottom  at  .Os.  a  week  and  rises  to  £■>()()  u  year  Ix-fore  lie  in 
•10.  I'erliaps  !  !  !  He  very  likely  cormulls  the  profisHor  in 
charjje  of  the  institution  at  which  he  sliidieH,  and  lieaiH  the 
old,  old  talc  about  startiiif^  at  the  bottom  of  the  ladder,  and 
{,'008  Btraifihtway  and  takes  the  .^s.  job,  and  in  imiij^'ination 
wo  can  hear  the  grunt  of  8ati8fa(j|,ion  of  the  electrical 
I\Ie])histopIicles,  "•  Another  one  !  " 

The  point  I  wish  to  impress  is  that  the  technical  institu- 
tions do  litlle  or  nothing  to  advise  these  young  men.  They 
are  allowed  to  go  to  their  d' oni  without  any  warning,  and 
they  have  not  the  least  idea  of  the  harm  they  do  to  the 
profession  generally  by  accepting  such  low  salaries  for 
responsible  positions. 

I  would  suggest  that  the  heads  of  all  technical  teaching 
institutions  in  the  country  should  devote,  say,  one  hour  per 
session  to  a  lecture  on  future  prospects,  with  special  reference 
to  the  danger  of  accepting  small  salaries  for  positions  of 
responsibility,  and  perhaps  repiints  of  articles  on  the  subject 
from  the  technical  i'ress  could  be  distributed  to  all  men 
finishing  thtir  course  of  study.  Articles  such  as  the  one 
entitled  "The  Ends  of  the  Rainbow,"  in  the  Elkctricai, 
Rkvikw  of  March  7th,  191:3,  would  no  doubt  do  much 
good.  In  this  article  is  pointed  out  the  folly  of  the  rush 
to  "  the  initial  stages  of  a  new  branch  of  industry,  or  to  the 
opposite  pole  when  the  industry  becomes  stereotyped."  I 
had  hoped  to  see  some  correspondence  on  the  subject  of  this 
article,  but  electrical  engineers  seem  at  the  present  day  very 
apathetic  with  regard  to  any  subject  which  touches  their 
status. 

This  brings  me  to  another  point — the  apathy  of  a  large 
number  of  electrical  engineers  with  regard  to  the  future 
prospects  of  the  profession ;  this  applies  particularly  to 
Birmingham  and  the  Midlands. 

When  some  members  of  the  A.E.S.E.  were  visiting  a 
number  of  electrical  stations  in  the  above  districts,  they 
found  that  a  good  number  of  the  men  engaged  in  them  did 
not  read  the  technical  Press,  and  consequently  knew  nothing 
of  what  was  going  forward,  other  than  in  their  own  little 
sphere.  A  few  back  numbers  of  the  Elkctrical  Rkview 
were  distributed  among  them,  and  it  is  hoped  that  tliis  will 
rouse  these  men  to  take  more  interest  in  their  profession  in  the 
future.  The  majority  are  in  receipt  of  very  low  salaries. 
Some  have  even  dared  to  marry  and  have  families.  Perhaps 
they  have  heard  tell  of  the  reply  which  was  given  by  a  chief 
electrical  engineer  of  a  London  supply  authority  when  it  was 
pointed  out  to  him  that  he  was  paying  his  labourers  as 
much  as,  and  even  more  than,  his  engineers.  He  said  the 
reason  why  the  labourers  were  what  he  called  "  well  paid," 
was  because  a  labourer  generally  had  a  wife  and  about  10 
children,  giving  the  impression  that  if  his  engineers  obtained 
a  wife  and  a  family  each  he  would  pay  them  a  larger  salary. 

I  must  point  out  that  ar.y  improvement  must  be  initiated 
by  the  men  themselves,  in  combination  with  thtir  colleagues 
all  over  the  country,  and  earnestly  appeal  to  all  electrical 
engineers  who  read  this  letter  to  come  forward  and  help  in 
the  work  that  is  going  on  to  raise  the  status  of  the  profession 
by  means  of  the  A.E.S.E. 

W.  J.  F.bben, 

Hun.  Sfc.  A.tsoiiut  on  of  Electrical 
Station  Engineers. 

London,  E.,  March  31.s7,  1913. 


An  Electric  Cloth-Cutting  Macliiue.— An  ingenious 

electrically-operated  machine  for  cnttingr  super-imposed  layers  of 
cloth  has  lately  been  brougrht  out  by  Messrs.  G.  Stibbe  &  Co ,  of 
Leicester.  The  machine,  which  is  known  as  the  "  Ballard,"  is  a 
compact  and  fairly  light  piece  of  mechanism,  capable  of  beinir 
operated  from  an  ordinary  electric  lampholder,  and  consuming-,  it 
is  claimed,  no  more  current  than  that  riquired  for  a  32C.P.  lamp. 
Two  types  of  the  apparatus  are  beinfr  made,' one  with  a  vertically- 
movinpr  knife,  the  other  with  a  rotary  di^k  cutter.  In  upe  the 
machine  is  held  and  guided  by  a  small  handle,  the  switch  bfing:  so 
located  on  the  machine  that  the  latter  can  be  stopped  and  staited 
by  a  movement  of  the  operator's  thumb.  The  cutting  blades  are 
g'uarded  to  prevent  accident  or  injury,  and  each  rcachine  is  pro- 
vided with  a  lamp  for  throwirp  a  strorg  lighten  the  cutting  line. 
As  the  electric  wire  connections  may  be  conveniently  arranged  fcr 
moving  the  machines  through  a  considerable  distance,  great  lengtDs 
of  cloth  may  be  operated  upon.  The  cutters  are  built  in  three 
eizes,  for  cutting  cloth  layen  up  to  4,  5,  or  6  ifl.  in  tbickiiesg. 


WIRELESS    TELEPHONY    IN     MINES. 


TilK  KyHtt'iM  of  wiri-leM  telephony  AtttcrWttA  in  the  followinir  pari^ 
KraphH  hiut  bi-en  in  rri;ulariiuc<;<!mfDl  (j|>eralion  in  thcCarolioKDfrlock 
mine  for  roiiie  time  pant,  and  pruvidra  efflcicnt  oommiinicstlon 
'  bdtwiMrri  tho  pit  head  and  iitation^  within  a  ra<liiui  of  more  than 
one  mile  frcin  the  Rhart  botUjrn.  \\i:  ara  indebtrd  for  the  pirticuUm 
and  ill^^tratio^H  to  hi  '/>■■/,  i,„/u>-  Mi'dfi-ar. 

The  fi|uipmcrit  rfcjuirtd  in  vi-ry  nimple,  and  the  fM  '  '  irjr 

currents   can   be  obtained   from  Rmall  tiatterii^i*.  iw<  '  'al 

outlay    and    workini;    expenmjH    are    low.      Hiifh  j  •  /b- 

frequency  secondary  currents  are  eupplic<l  to  rope*,  pipoi  and  railn 
in  appropriate  po'*itionii  in  the  mine,  and  the  electrjmaffoeti.i 
radiations  from  Ibcae  conductors  are  received  ia  iiuitable  locJ 
circuits. 

Ueferrioi;  to  fi|r.  I,  wirelesa  telephonic  oommnnication  can  M 
establirhed  bitlween  the  engine  house  and  the  Hhaft  coffeti  by  ( I ) 
connecting  a  loop  conductor  n  in  the  shaft  lining  Ut  batteries  and  a 
microphone  /  in  the  machine  houre  ;  ('2)  connecting  a  telephone,  t 
and  battery  <•  between  the  eztremitiefl  of  the  over  and  under-winding 
ropes  at  each  cage.  These  ropes  and  the  winding  pulleys  form  a 
closed  circuit  in  which  the  current  can  )t^.  varii^i  ^by  speaking  into 
the  cage  transmitters),  and  thus  corresponding  variations  can  be 
electromagnetically  induced  in  the  engine-house  receiving  circui*. 

The  various  strata  of  the  soil  play  an  important  part  in  wirele-« 
telephony  in  mines.  Electrically,  the  surface  of  the  soil  acts  ae  a 
vast  condenser,  capable  of  absorbing  any  quantity  of  electricity. 
The  lower  strata  act  as  an  insulator  with  regard  to  static  charges. 
The  rails  and  pipes  form  a  conducting  system,  sufficiently  insulated 
by  the  surrounding  layers  of  soil  to  be  uted  as  such — even  for  weak 
s!atic  charges. 

Referring  to  fig.  2,  a  12-volt  battery  in  the  surface  sending 
station  pas-^es  about  0  5  ampere  through  a  microphone  and  the 
primary   of   an   indnction   coil,   which  raises  the  pressure  of  the 


Fig.  1. 


Fig.  3. 


speech  currents  to  several  thousand  volts.  The  secondary  of  the 
transmitting  transformer  is  connected  between  earth  and  a  pipe 
line  r,  traversing  the  mine  shaft  and  galleries.  The  feeble  high- 
pressure  fpeech-currents  flowing  through  the  pipe  line,  or  other 
conductors  in  the  mine,  emit  electromagnetic  waves,  and  the  linear 
conductor  may  be  interrupted  at  various  points  without  disturbing 
the  propagation  of  the  waves.  To  collect  some  of  these  radiations 
and  translate  them  into  sound,  one  of  thiee  different  arrangements 
may  be  employed.  The  simplest  receiving  circuit— see  lowest 
gallery,  fig.  2 — comprises  a  high-pressure  winding  connected 
between  r  and  the  rails  «,  and  a  secondary  low-pressure  circuit 
containing  a  battery  and  telephone  receiver  t.  In  the  middle 
gallery,  the  high-pressure  winding  of  the  receiving  transfoimer  i* 
simply  bridged  across  from  \o  to  ?.">  ft.  of  the  pipe  r,  according  to  ^ 
the  distance  f re  m  the  sending  station.  A  third  arrangement — 
shown  in  the  top  gallery — requires  no  direct  connection  between 
the  pipe  line  and  the  receiving  circuit :  the  high-pressure  windirg 
of  the  receiving  transformer  is  connected  to  a  loop  of  wire  mounted 
parallel  to  the  pipe  line  and  constituting  a  receivirg  ''antenna." 

The  chief  difficulty  encountered  in  perfectirg  wireless  commuri- 
cation  along  these  lines  was  to  design  a  simple  and  reliable  call- 
device.  After  conducting  a  number  of  experiments,  M  Reinecke 
has  secured  satisfactory  results  with  the  apparatus  shown  in  fig.  3. 
A  note  cf  definite  pitch  is  emitted  by  an  "electrical  trumpet"  in 
the  sending  station,  and  the  electromagnetic  waves  radiated  from 
the  pipe  system  in  the  mine  impinge  on  a  receiving  antenna  cor- 
nected  to  an  electromagnet  mounted  bent  at  h  a  membrane  m  in  the 
receiving  station.  This  membrane  is  set  in  vibration  by  stinru- 
lating  oscillations  9f  predetermined  fnquency,  and  then  mak;«  ai.d 


554 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,84.5,  April  4,  1913. 


))rcaks  the  contact  between  itself  and  the  style  x  on  the  balanced 
arm  /,,  the  adjustment  of  which  is  independent  of  temperature.  In 
the  first  form  of  the  call  device  the  current  normally  flowing  lin 
k,  -s  III  energised  a  solenoid  //,  and  thus  held  open  the  spring  hammer 
contact  c.  Directly  the  contact  .v  >ii  was  opened  by  the  vibration 
of  w,  the  contact  <•  in  a  local  call-bell  circuit  was  closed.  It  was 
found,  however,  that  purely  mechanical  vibrations  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  the  calling  relay  might  set  w  in  motion,  and  thus  give  a 
false  alarm,  to  avoid  which  a  time  relay  r  was  included  in  the  bell 
circuit,  so  that  the  latter  might  not  be  closed  unless  m  was  in 
continued  vibration  induced  by  true  call-waves.  As  thus  perfected, 
the  call  device  only  operates  when  that  button  is  pressed  in  the  pit- 
head station,  which  controls  the  "  electric  trumpet  "  tuned  to  the 
natural  frequency  of  m.  By  tuninj:  the  membranes  m  at  various 
stations  to  dififerent  frequencies,  and  by  providing  a  number  of 
electric  trumpets  emitting  corresponding  notes  at  the  pit  -  head 
station,  it  is  possible  to  call  selectively  the  stations  in  the  mine. 

In  order  to  simplify  the  equipment,  the  primary  transformer  coil 
at  the  pit-head  station  may  be  used  to  actuate  the  electric  trumpet, 
the  secondary  winding  being  automatically  placed  out  of  circuit 
by  the  action  of  pressing  the  call  button.  Sparking  at  the  trumpet 
contacts  is  avoided  by  the  use  of  a  shunt  condenser  in  the  ordinary 
manner. 

The  weight  of  the  complete  equipment  at  each  station,  com- 
prising a  battery  of  cells,  an  indnction  coil,  microphone  and  call 
apparatus  (the  whole  enclosed  in  a  suitable  case),  is  about  24  lb. 
The  British  rights  on  the  invention  are  secured  by  Patent  15,2.">6, 
1012,  and  for  a  more  detailed  description  of  the  system  and 
ajiparatus,  readers  should  refer  to  Olilckaiif,  October,  1912. 


1  per  cent,  of  those  1)00,000  could  be  induced  tc  become 
members,  and  pay  a  minimum  subscription  of  lOs.  per 
annum,  there  would  be  a  handsome  and  increasing  capital 
on  which  the  Institution  would  be  enabled  to  operate.  Mr.  Carcke 
then  went  on  to  refer  to  the  (juestion  of  legacies.  It  was  only 
necessary  to  bring  to  the  notice  of  gentlemen  who  were  able  to  and 
did  make  wills  that  it  was  a  very  desirable  form  in  which  they 
could  help  this  Institution.  It  would  lessen  the  expense  of  collec- 
tion and  would  not  involve  any  immediate  sacrifice  on  the  part  of 
those  who  so  helped.  The  difficulty  was  to  bring  it  to  the  notice  of 
those  in  a  position  to  m^e  legaeies  of  the  kind.  Most  people  were 
very  busy,  and  it  was  only  occasionally  that  theygave  thought  to  the 
subject,  and  then,  when  they  made  their  wills,  the  existence  of  the 
E.T.B.I.'  was  not  always  in  their  minds.  The  Committee  were 
strenuously  considering  the  best  means  to  adopt  to  constantly  keep 
the  matter  before  the  minds  of  such  people.  ' 

Mr.  Bevis,  in  seconding  the  adoption  of  the  report,  mentioned 
that  since  making  up  the  accounts,  the  Committee  had  invested 
another  £300  in  New  Zealand  stock,  making  a  total  of  over  £4,000 
in  investments. 

The  following  members  of  the  committee  of  management  were 
re-elected  :  Messrs.  Justus  Eok,  T.  J.  Grainger,  E.  F.  Johnson,  L.  A. 
Lupdberg,  F.  H.  Nalder.  11.  Oppenheimer.  W.  R.  Rawlings,  L.  G. 
Tate. 

The  names  of  Lord  Vaux  of  Harrowden,  director  of  an  electrical 
manufacturing  and  other  companies.  Sir  Ernest  Spencer,  a  director 
of  the  IMetropolitan  Electric  Tramways  and  other  electrical  com- 
panies, also  Mr.  Ernest  Nash,  of  Faraday  House,  were  added  to  the 
committee.  Messrs.  Price  Waterhouse  ^t  Co.  were  re-appointed 
auditors,  Mr.  Garcke  was  thanked  for  presiding,  and  Mr.  Wallis 
Jones  suggested  that  legacy  slips  should  be  sent  out  annually. 


ELECTRICAL    TRADES    BENEVOLENT 
INSTITUTION. 


THE    FIRST    INTERNATIONAL     CINEMATO- 
GRAPH   EXHIBITION. 


Mb.  E.  Gabcke  presided  at  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers 
on  Monday  at  the  annual  meeting  of  this  Institution.  Before 
moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  he  mentioned  that  Mr.  .Justus 
Eck  was  not  able  to  be  present  owing  to  his  absence  in  Australia 
travelling.  Mr.  Garcke  then  proceeded  to  briefly  summarise  the 
financial  position  to  which  we  referred  in  a  leaderette  in  our  last 
issue.  The  net  surplus  of  the  year,  to  carry  to  the  accumulated 
funds,  was  £t)82.  He  said  that  the  position  as  shown  by  the 
balance-sheet  might  lead  to  obvious  comments  to  the  effect  that 
the  grants  and  benefits  bestowed  were  few  in  relation  to  the  large 
number  of  men  employed  in  the  industry  ;  that  the  expenses  bore 
too  large  a  proportion  to  the  receipts  ;  and  that  the  subscriptions 
collected  were  small  in  the  aggregate  in  relation  to  the  size  of  the 
industry.  Grants  could  only  justifiably  be  made  out  of  interest  on 
capital ;  the  latter  was  at  present  £4,000,  yielding  last  year  about 
£  1 00,  so  that  their  benefits  could  not  be  conferred  upon  a  large  scale. 
But  the  benefits  conferred  were  not  expressed  merely  in  figures  ;  the 
money  was  given  in  such  a  form  that  the  gift  might  lead  to  more 
permanent  benefit,  and  the  objective  of  the  Committee  alway.s  was  to 
so  assist  those  in  need  that  they  might  be  able  to  obtain  new  appoint- 
ments, or  more  permanent  relief  in  other  ways.  The  item  of  expenses 
(£200)  might  be  taken  as  a  minimum,  and  it  would  not  necessarily 
follow  that  if  the  income  were  doubled  the  expenses  would  in- 
crease materially,  so  that  the  proportion  might  look  better  than  now. 
Attention  must  be  given  to  the  best  ways  of  increasing  income, 
rather  than  to  cavilling  at  expenses.  By  incurring  greater  expense 
they  could  show  better  results  in  regard  to  subscriptions  and  dona- 
tions, but  they  must  have  regard  to  the  proportion  which  the 
expenses  bore  to  the  collection,  and  it  was  not  practicable  for  the 
Committee  to  do  very  much  more  in  the  way  of  making  efforts  to 
increase  income  without  increasing  expense.  They  only  hoped 
that  by  constantly  calling  attention  to  the  Institution  and  its 
beneficent  work  the  various  companies  and  firms  successfully  en- 
gaged in  the  industry  might  take  note  of  the  desire  of  the  Com- 
mittee to  be  put  into  a  stronger  position,  by  increase  of  its  capital, 
to  do  the  work  for  which  the  Institution  was  formed.  The 
industry  was  capable  of  doing  very  much  more  in  benevolence  than 
it  was  at  present  doing.  There  were  something  like  (i.OOO  com- 
panies and  firms  engaged  in  the  electrical  industry  in  this  country, 
and  the  capital  invested  exceeded  500  millions  sterling,  and  he  was 
not  expressing  an  unduly  optimistic  hope  when  he  said  that  if 
attention  was  called  to  the  needs  of  this  Institution  those 
engaged  in  the  industry  would  respond  liberally.  If  only 
a  small  proportion  of  the  6,000  firms  would  subscribe  even 
the  moderate  amount  of  five  guineas  per  annum  the  Insti- 
tution would  be  placed  in  an  exceedingly  strong  position.  The 
work  of  the  electrical  industry  was  not  very  highly  profitable, 
though  exceedingly  interesting,  yet  on  that  huge  capital  even  a 
moderate  return  yielded  something  like  20  millions  sterling  per 
annum  ;  therefore,  it  was  not  much  to  ask  that  a  very  small  per- 
centage—an infinitesimal  proportion — of  those  profits  should  be 
put  aside  annually  for  the  purposes  of  benefiting  those  who  had 
struggled  and  failed.  There  were  4,')0,000  people  engaged  in  the 
industry,  and  out  of  that  total  a  certain  number  must  occasionally 
fail  and  be  in  need  of  assistance  :  and  it  was  the  duty  of  all  those  who 
made  profits  to  put  aside  some  of  those  profits  for  such  men.  There 
were  also  130.000  investors  in  the  electrical  industry  who  were 
deriving  moderate  profit  out  of  that  industry,  and  they  were 
dependent  upon  the  strenuous  efforts  of  those  who  were  engaged 
from  day  to  day  in  the  industry.  It  would  not  be  all  impertinent 
to    ask    shareholders   to   contribute   to  the   Institution      If  only 


Despite  the  inconvenience  of  its  date  (from  the  exhibitors'  stand- 
point), and  despite  the  serious  trade  opposition  encountered  during 
the  early  stages  of  its  organisation,  the  First  International  Cine- 
matograph Exhibition^held  at  Olympia  from  March  22nd  to 
March  29th  inclusive — proved  an  unqualified  success.  Some  20,000 
visitors  were  admitted  on  Easter  Monday,  and  an  average  of  10,000 
was  reached  on  the  other  days.  We  know  of  no  other  trade 
exhibition  which  has  realised  such  instantaneous  success.  The 
effect  desired  and  secured  was  to  raise  the  cinematograph  industry 
to  that  independent  status  which  it  justly  merits.  In  the  words  of 
one  of  the  exhibitors — "  The  cinema  industry  has  hitherto  been  a 
sort  of  parasite  to  the  stage,  but  now  that  is  altered."  No  small 
share  of  the  elevating  effect  of  the  Exhibition  has  been  due  to  the 
excellent  series  of  Conferences  arranged,  and  to  the  Industrial 
Welfare  Section  of  the  Exhibition  which  demonstrated  the  value  of 
the  cinematograph  in  social  and  educational  work 

Probably  for  the  first  time  on  record,  no  fewer  than  15  distinct 
theatres  holding  separate  licences  and  using,  roughly,  2.")0,000  ft.  of 
film  per  diem,  operated  under  one  roof.  Every  theatre  was 
required  to  comply  completely  with  the  L.C.C.  Cinematograph 
Regulations  (as  regards  wiring,  fire  prevention  and  building  con- 
struction, &c.),  and  the  manner  in  which  their  erection  was  carried 
out  (under  the  control  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Barber,  consulting  engineer  to 
the  Exhibition)  was  remarkable  for  speed  and  efficiency.  Only 
those  who  have  had  close  experience  of  exhibition  work  can 
realise  the  chaos  which  reigns  on  the  eve  of  opening,  when  jobs 
which  properly  follow  each  other  in  ordered  sequence  have  to  be 
performed  piecemeal  and  practically  simultaneously.  In  the 
present  case,  the  holiday  season  increased  the  difficulties  to  be 
overcome,  and  the  arrangement,  construction  and  proved  efficiency 
and  reliability  of  the  miniature  theatres  formed  by  no  means  the 
least  attractive  and  instructive  feature  of  the  Exhibition. 

In  every  case  the  auditorium  of  the  theatre  measured  40  ft.  x 
20  ft.,  and  the  usual  size  of  screen  picture  was  12  ft.  x  9  ft.  6  in. 
Whatever  the  feature  specially  demonstrated — whether  projector, 
film  or  screen — excellent  results  were  secured,  despite  the  fact  that 
the  special  gangway  regulations  enforced  involved  serious  ingress 
of  daylight  during  the  daytime. 

The  general  arrangements  made  for  electricity  supply  in  Olympia, 
from  the  Hammersmith  mains,  have  already  been  described  in  these 
columns.  From  the  permanent  220-volt  converter  sets  were 
supplied  motor-generators  or  auto-converters  forming  part  of  the 
individual  theatre  equipments.  These  machines,  which  were 
normally  required  to  supply  from  30  to  3.5  amperes  at  <>.">  volts  to 
each  projector,  were  of  various  types,  each  of  which  had  its  own 
special  advantages,  and  no  one  of  which  showed  any  serious  defect. 
There  were  in  use  three  Siemens,  three  Grevener  and  two  G.E.C. 
motor-generators,  in  addition  to  a  C.M.B.  and  two  Path(^  auto- 
converters  and  one  Cooper-Hewitt  rectifier  :  three  theatres  took 
current  direct  from  the  Exhibition  supply  mains. 

There  is  prevalent  a  decided  opinion  that  it  is  a  mistake  to  run 
cinematograph  arcs  with  too  little  ballast  resistance,  and  we  learn 
from  a  representative  of  Messrs.  Pathr  Fji'Tes  that  this  firm  prefers 
to  use  1 00- volt  supply  in  the  projector  circuit.  The  ballast  loss  is,  of 
course,  increased  as  compared  with  circuits  supplied  at,  say,  liS  volts, 
but  the  arc  runs  much  more  steadily,  fluctuations  in  itsresistance  now 
exercising  little  effect  on  the  total  resistance  of  the  projector 
circuit.  It  is  false  economy  to  sacrifice  excellence  of  projection,  in 
however  small  a  degree,  to  reduced  energy  consumption.     Whether 


Vol.  72.     No.  I.Hir.,  Ai'lili,  I,  1'.m:i. 


Till':   VAA'T'vmcws  I'j:vii:\v. 


55.0 


reotifiorH,  motor  (rcntiratorH,  or  "  ooiiHtiiiitcurrcnt  "  autxi-oonvisrtcrH 
are  uhoiI,  u  ooriHidtirably  hi);hor  ballaHt  Iohh  than  fit  at  prcMjiit 
peiierally  allowed  in  huoH  ohhoh  Hhould  bo  tolerated. 

The  Exhibition  hiut  jjrovod  roinnnuralivn  to  itH  ori;aniH«>ni  and  to 
exhibitorH,  and  haH  proved  a  i;riiat  public  attraction.  It  hoi*  i;iven 
the  cincinat<>(f  ra|)h  indnHtry  a  diHtinct  Btatun,  and  hat  doinonHtratod 
itH  remarkable  technical  devclopiuont,  and  wide  technical  and 
Hocial  Mcopo.  The  next  exhibition  will  probably  Im!  held  about 
September,  l'.)l  I  (thiw  boini;  the  firHt  vacaTit  date  at  Olyinpiu),  and 
will  last  a  fortniifht.  At  thiw  and  «nb-4c(|uent  exhibitionM  the  creat 
dillicnlty  iH  likely  to  be  the  accommodation  of  exhibitorH.  The 
Bucpe.sa  of  the  preKent  show  has  already  led  to  the  projection  of 
similar  oxhibitionH  in  America  (for  July  next),  and  in  Tariu  (for 
next  autumn). 

In  the  Huoceedini;  parapfraphs  attention  Ih  chieHy  conrinpd  to 
electrical  features,  but  passing-  reference  may  be  made  to  the 
intercstinp:  historical  exhibits  showinpf  the  early  development  of 
the  /.oetrope  and  cinematograph,  and  to  the  innumerable  pieces  of 
modern  apparatus,  includinjr  film  perforators,  cinema  cameras  for 
standard  or  special  work,  printers,  developing  appliances,  projectors, 
and  the  accessories  of  each. 

Prirol-  Elvrfrir  Si'tx. — Where  electrical  enerjry  ii  not  available,  or 
only  at  prohibitive  rates,  from  public  supply  mains,  petrol-electric 
(generating  sets  are  coming  into  extensive  use.  Indted,  so  reliable 
and  80  economical  in  fuel  consumption  have  thes^c  equipments 
proved  in  service  that  they  are  now  used  in  many  dictricts  where 
public  supply  is  available  at  from  1  to  2d.  per  unit.  The  generating 
costs  claimed  for  petrol  or  parsllin  driven  sets,  now  on  the  market, 
vary  from  TO  to  I'Sd.  per  unit  aud  the  capital,  attendance  and 
maintenance  costs  are  extremely  low.  Cinema  halls  of  such  s'ze 
and  in  such  numbers  are  now  in  operation  in  every  town  of  any 
importance,  that  their  energy  demand  is  well  worlh  fecuring  and 
retaining  by  central  stations.  Supply  from  the  public  mains  relieves 
the  cinema  proprietor  of  the  cost  and  responsibility  of  installing  a 
private  generating  plant  and,  to  a  great  extent,  of  the  risk  of 
failure  of  supply.  Taking  these  facts  into  consideration,  there 
should  be  nodifficulty  in  arranging,  in  large  and  medium-sized  supply 
undertakings,  a  tariil  which  will  secure  cinema  loads  to  the  central 
station.  In  smaller  undertakings,  however,  the  cinema  load  and 
the  time  of  its  demand  are  often  unfavourable,  so  that  eilhfr  a 
comparatively  high  charge  has  to  be  made  for  current  or  the 
supply  has  to  be  taken  through  an  auto-converter  or  motor-generator 
from  the  power  mams  or  from  across  the  outers  of  a  three-wire 
lighting  network.  In  either  of  these  cases,  the  cinema  proprietor 
will  probably  prefer  to  install  his  own  generating  plant. 

Among  the  excellent  generating  sets  exhibited  at  Olympia 
mention  may  first  be  made  of  the  "  Pelapone  "  sets  shown  by  the 
E.E.E.  Co.  The  engine  used  in  these  sets  develops  from  three  to 
12  H.P.  at  800  K.P..M.,  according  as  from  one  to  four  cylinders 
are  used,  and  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  silent  and  smooth- 
running  internal-combustion  engines  it  has  been  our  pleasure  to 
inspect.  The  quantity  and  quality  of  the  fuel  mixture  are  regulated 
by  a  shaft  governor,  and  forced  lubrication  is  provided  to  every 
working  part.     The  oil  consumption  is  J  pint  or  less  per  B.ll.P.-hour. 

Messrs.  Pathe  Frcres  exhibited  several  Patho-Astor  sets  suitable 
for  stationary  or  portable  use,  and  providing  electrical  energy  at 
l'25d.  or  less  per  KW.-hour.  Owing  to  the  small  ballast  resistance 
required  where  these  sets  are  employed,  it  is  estimated  that  their 
use  is  economical  wherever  public  supply  costs  more  than  075d.  per 
unit.  The  "  Ballot  "  petrol-electric  set,  which  we  understand  is 
largely  used  in  Pathe  halls,  is  a  particularly  compact  equipment 
providing  12  amperes  at  75  volts,  and  weighing,  complete  with  all 
tanking  and  piping,  &c.,  2  cwt. 

Messrs.  Fyfe,  Wilson  &  Co.  were  exhibiting  their  well-known 
"  Kelvin  "  sets,  comprising  a  one,  two  or  four-cylinder  petrol  or 
paraffin  engine  direct  coupled  to  a  compound  generator,  with  or 
without  interpoles.  Standard  sizes  of  this  equipment  provide  .50, 
70,  100,  135  or  270  amperes  at  60  volts,  and  are  sold  complete  with 
all  tanks,  piping  and  electrical  control  gear,  either  for  stationary 
or  portable  use.  Valuable  features  of  the  'Kelvin  "  engine  are  the 
partial  intake  of  air  from  the  enclosed  crank  case  (thus  preventing 
the  accumulation  of  explosive  vapour  therein),  and  a  quick  starting 
device.  The  latter  consists  in  the  provision  of  about  18°  play  in 
the  sprocket  driving  the  l.t.  ignition  magneto.  When  starting  up, 
the  engine  is  brought  into  its  firing  position  and  a  plunger  is 
released  which  holds  the  magneto  sprocket  still,  while  the  fly-whetl 
is  rotated,  till  the  limit  of  play  of  the  former  is  reached.  The 
spring  plunger  is  then  thrust  upwards  and  the  sprocket  flies  for- 
ward (under  the  action  of  two  powerful  springs),  and  thus  provides 
a  strong  spark  at  the  moment  of  firing,  although  the  fly-wheel  may 
have  been  moved  quite  slowly  by  the  starting  handle. 
(To  he  continued.') 


Kent  (Fortress)   Royal   Enfcineers. — To-morrow  the 

Gravesend  Company  of  this  branch  of  the  Territorial  Force  will 
hold  its  annual  dinner,  and  the  prizes  won  during  the  year  will  be 
distributed  by  Colonel  Seely.  The  Gravesend  Company  is  one  of 
the  two  Kent  "  Electric  Light '"  Companies,  and  has  a  strength  of 
90  X.C.O.'s  and  men  ;  it  consists  of  three  sections — engine  drivers, 
electricians,  and  telephonists — and  is  well  supported  by  the  local 
employers,  including  Henley's,  which  contributes  21  men  to  the 
roll.  Recently  the  Company,  although  it  has  not  been  two  years  in 
existence,  won  a  valuable  cup  presented  by  Sir  David  Salomons, 
Hon.  Colonel  of  the  five  Companies  forming  the  Corps,  The 
officer  commanding  the  Company  is  Captain  C.  B.  Grace,  and  the 
present  headquarters-is  at  the  New  Tavern  Fort,  Gravesend.  A 
Cadet  Company  has  also  been  formed  in  connection  with  the 
Company. 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINOB 
AND    PLANT. 

U.Y..V,,  Conibliii')!  Hnilch   Kii'-i-  iind  I'ltig. 

TllK  (iK.S'K.liAi.  Kl.Kfiiur  rii,,  |,Tl>.  Brn  makini;  a  n<w  ''irobln^d 
HwiUjh  futm  with  a  plug  attachment,  (lif.  I  for  u»e  in  dr»»:k«,  non- 
Mery  minin  and  other  work  where  a  M>-ziblu  runntiction  to  k  motor 
in  employed. 

The  switch  cover  cannot  be  opened,  nor  the  plo(r  withHf»wn  nor 
inserted,  with  the  Hwitch  cIoMyl.  The  civer  ii  interlfxk'd  in  tb« 
orthodox  fashion,  and  the  switch  spinijle  carrien  a  cam.  which, 
when  the  Hwiti;h  in  closed,  prenwH  down  the  up(»er  end  of  a  hinired 
steel  bar.  The  lower  en<l  of  tlie  bar  is  turned  at  right  angle4  and 
forked.  In  addition  to  itH  two  current-carrying  pin-s  the  plog  is 
e<|uippKd  with  a  long  steel  pin.  whi<;h  pa«Ke«  throogh  a  hole  in  the 
ca<ie  into  the  interior  of  the  switch-tjox,  and  in  no  notche<i  that  it 
can  be  gripped  awd  held  firmly  by  the  fork  on  the  hinged  b«r.  M 
that  when  the  plug  is  in  position  and  the  switch  closed,  the  fork 


Fk;.  1.— G.E.C.  Combined  Switch  Fu5e  and  Plug. 

engages  with  the  steel  pin  and  absolutely  vetoes  all  attempU  to 
withdraw  the  pl»»g.  Moreover,  if  one  tries  to  insert  the  plug  while 
the  switch  is  closed,  the  end  of  the  steel  bar  effectually  blocks  np 
the  aperture  through  which  the  steel  pin  has  to  pass,  so  that  access 
is  completely  denied,  and  the  operator  is  compelled  to  switch  off 
before  he  can  insert  the  plug. 

The  earthing  conductor  from  the  motor  terminates  at  a  contact 
in  the  plug,  and  the  first  s^ep  in  the  process  of  inserting  the  plug  is 
to  complete  this  earth  connection.  Then,  and  not  before,  the  brass 
pins  enter  their  sockets.  On  withdrawing  the  plug  the  earth  con- 
nection is  the  last  to  be  broken.  A  device  is  included  for  preventing 
the  insertion  of  the  plug  in  the  reverse  way. 

Xew  Type  of  Rheostat. 

The  accompanying  illustrations  from  L Imhutrie  Elrcfr !>/,„•  show 
a  new  type  of  automatic  rheostat,  which  appears  to  offer  some 
advantages  in  connection  with  motor  starting.  The  principle  of  the 
apparatus  is  that  of  the  hour-glass,  supposed  to  have  been  rendered 
obsolete  for  chronometrical  purposes  in  this  country  by  Alfred  the 
Greats  calibrated  candles,  but  still  used  in  miniature  as  an  accessory 
in  the  delicate  operation  of  egg  boiling. 

The  tube  A.  fig.  -',  is  divided  into  two  roughly  equal  parts  by 
throttle  plates  n,  and  one  half  is  filled  with  sifted  and  dried  finely 
pulverised  carbon.  The  flow  of  the  carbon  particles  is  regulated 
by  the  cone  valve  c,  attached  to  the  rod  d  ;  c  serves  the  further 


556 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  n.  No.  i,«i6,  apbil  4,  1913. 


purpo!>e  of  distributintr  the  carbon  more  or  less  evenly  in  the  lower 
half  of  A.  The  electrodes  of  the  rheostat  are  the  tube  a  and  the 
rod  E,  which  is  insulated  from  direct  metallic  contact  with  a.  As 
ctrbon  particles  collect  round  E,  the  circuit  f  o  is  closed  through  a 
resistance  which  decreases  (acoording  to  an  exponential  law)  as  the 


the  lower  pirt  of  the  case,  and  the  oil  tank  can  be  lowered  away 
from  it  without  movinp  the  compensator  as  a  whole.  The  no- 
voltage  release  coil  is  protected  with  a  cast-iron  cover.    The  largest 


V-i      V, 


'....  // 


FiH.  2.  Fig.  3. 

Houb-Glass  Rheostat. 

depth  of  granules  in  the  lower  chamber  increases.  The  tube  being 
closed,  the  carbon  cannot  bum,  even  when  worked  at  high  tempera- 
ture ;  as  in  enclosed  arc  lamps,  an  atmosphere  of  carbon-monoxide 
and  dioxide  forms  within  the  tube  A.  The  apparatus  is  claimed  to 
be  equivalent  to  a  liquid  starter,  while  possessing  none  of  the  dis- 
advantages of  the  latter. 

Fig.  3  shows  the  rheostat  applied  to  starting  a  shunt  motor  H. 
An  automatic  contactor  J,  actuated  by  a  pressure  solenoid,  short 
circuits  the  terminals  f  g  when  starting  is  completed. 

B.T.U.  Starting  Compensators. 

The  Bbitish  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  Rugby,  have  recently 
introduced  a  line  of  hand-operated  starting  compensators  for  two 
and  three-phase  squirrel-cage  induction  motors,  on  the  auto- 
transformer  principle,  enabling  these  motors  to  be  started  without 


Fig.  5.— Switch  of  Compensatob,  without  the  Oil  Tank. 


compensators  are  not  provided  with  self-contained  switches,  but 
are  operated  from  a  separate  panel  fitted  with  the  necessary 
Bwitchgear. 

Electrical  Sliunt  Calculator. 

In  our  issue  of  January  24th,  1913,  we  described  a  deyice  for 
calculating  the  combined  resistance  of  two  or  more  circuits  in 
parallel,  invented  ly  Mr.  H.  W.  Bbown,  of  1(59,  Cathall  Road, 
Leytonstone,  N.E.  This  device  has  been  greatly  improved  by  the 
inventor,  and  now  consists  of  three  scales  (fig.  7),  so  set  out  and 
numbered  that  a  straight  line  drawn  from  any  one  number  on  A 


Fig.  4.— B.T.H.  Starting 
_J  Compensator. 


drawing  an  excessive  current  fn  m  t'  e  line.  In  fig.  4  we  illustrate 
the  N  R  floor  type  compensator,  which  is  one  of  a  series  suitable 
for  starting  motors  up  to  7fiO  H  p.,  on  voltages  from  100  to  3,300 
volts.  The  compensator  consists  of  a  strong  iron  box  containing 
the  transformer  and  an  oit-immersed  switch,  the  operating  handle 
of  which  is  on  the  right-hand  side  of  the  ca-^e  ;  a  no-voltage 
release  is  provided  on  the  left-hand  side,  and  overload  relays  can  be 
fixid,  as  shown,  above  the  case.  The  switch  handle  has  three 
positions  —  off,  starting  and  running  —  and  is  fitted  with  an 
automatic  latch  which  prevents  its  being  thrown  from  the  off  to 
the  runnin?  position,  while  a  strong  spring  prevents  its  being  left 
in  the  startine  po  ition  ;  the  handle  can  only  be  thrown  by  a  quick 
movement  from  the  starting  to  the  running  position.  \Vhen  the 
no-voltage  release  operates,  the  handle  automatically  returns  to  the 
oSt  position.  The  overload  relays  also  actuate  the  no-voltage 
release  coil,  with  the  same  result.  Fig.  '>  shows  the  mechanism  of 
the  operating  switch  of  one  of  the  larger  sizes  of  compensator, 
with  the  oil  tank  removed.  In  tne  case  of  the  floor-type,  illustrated 
in  fig.  4,  the  switch  is  in  the  upper  part  of  tne  case,  and  can  be 
with'frawn  together  with  the  oil  tank  |  the  compensators  are  also 
made  suitable  for  fixing  to  the  wall,  in  which  cate  the  switch  ii  in 


Fig.  7. — Shunt  Calculator. 


scale  to  any  other  number  on  B  scale  will  cross  C  scale  at  a  point 
which  will  indicate  the  value  of  the  reciprocal  of  the  sum  of 
the  reciprocals  of  the  numbers  to  and  from  which  the  straight  line 
is  drawn.  Of  course,  there  is  no  need  to  draw  a  line  at  all ;  the 
edge  of  a  ruler  will  answer  the  purpose.  It  will  be  obvious  that 
by  means  of  this  calculator  the  joint  resistance  of  two  or  more 
resistances  in  parallel  can  easily  be  determined. 

The  mathematical  explanation  of  it  is  as  follows  : — 


Referring  to  fig.  6,  by  similar  triangles, 


»2              '2   -    J- 

Cross  multiplying  we 

get- 

'1  ('a  —  x)  =  rt  X. 

Therefore 

'•l    +    '-2 

(1) 

But 

2  *^  =  l\ 

Therefore 

X  =  II^Z 

(2) 

Hence,  su 
equation  (2) 

bstituting 
we  get— 

the  value  of  x  given  in 

(    '•'  '•'    )  -      '-. 
\ri  +  r<i)         ^I-i 

equation 

CD,  in 

Hence  if  the  diagonal  scale  is  expanded  to  V^  times  the  two 
scales  at  right  angles  to  one  another,  the  intersection  point  will 
give  the  value  of  the  two  resistances  r\  and  /-j  connected  in  parallel. 
Similarly,  the  joint  resistance  of  any  number  of  resistances  in 
parallel  can  he  quickly  determined,  taking  any  two  to  begin  with, 
and  afterwards  taking  the  result  obtained  in  conjunction  with 
another  until  all  have  been  taken  into  account. 


Vol.  Ti.     No.  1,1..,  Acitit,   I,   r.tlS.  I 


TFTF.    KT.ECn'RK^Ar.    lll'VIKW. 


CO? 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


The  "NunipH"  lamitholder,— Mr.  (i.  .St.  .fobn  Duv, 

of  Mumps  Electrical  WorkM,  (ildliam,  BcncU  iih  u  letter  renpectiiiif 
the  ([UttlitieH  of  the  MiimpH  lampholdor  u(lu|)ter«,  uinl  uekH  ub  t<t 
utate  that  purticnlarH  will  lie  I'oiwarded  to  anvoin'  iiitereHttxl 
therein. 

A  Mazda  House  at  IMiltliii. — Tin;  Iticrn.sii  Thu.mso.v- 

HdUSTdN  Co.,  Ltu,  of  Kuirby  am!  Lomloii,  have  recently  openei I 
otnoeu  and  8toru8  at  Mazda  HouHe,  L'fi,  Sulfolk  Street,  Dublin  The 
building  is  in  a  central  position,  about  50  ydw.  from  Grafton  Htreet. 
At  the  front  is  a  display  window,  li^fhted  by  Ma/.dalior  and  Tunic 
stolier  flttinors,  equipped  with  Veluria  rellectors  and  Mazda  lamps. 
In  the  bottom  of  the  window  are  arran^red  a  number  of  samples  of 
small  wiringr  supplies,  and  in  the  centre  is  a  pyramid  of  Ma/.da-lamp 


View  of  Sales  Codnters  and  Stores. 

cartons.  On  entering,  the  offices  are  on  the  right,  and  on  the  left 
are  glass  oases  filled  with  examples  of  B.T  H.  heating  and  cooking 
apparatus.  At  the  back  of  the  offices  are  the  sales  counters,  which 
are  sectionalised  for  different  classes  of  material.  The  counter  is 
40  ft.  long,  and  is  lighted  by  a  glass  roof.  Behind  the  counter  are 
bins  and  racks  containing  varied  stocks  of  lamps,  reflectors  and 
fittings.  The  whole  of  the  wall  on  the  other  side  of  the  room  is 
occupied  by  show-cases.  The  premises  are  120  ft.  from  back  to  front, 
and  although  narrow  in  front,  they  widen  out  considerably  at  the 
rear.  The  square  space  at  the  farther  end  of  the  sales  counter  is 
utilised  as  a  fittings  showroom,  and  a  number  of  ready-wired 
fittings  are  hanging  from  the  ceiling.  These  include  samples  of 
Eye-rest  fittings,  Mazdaliers  and  Tungstoliers,  equipped  with  Holo- 
phane  and  Veluria  reflectors,  and  semi-indirect  fittings  with  Holo- 
phane  and  Alba  bowls.      There  is  an  office  railed  off  from,  the 


Fittings  Stores  and  De.monstration  Room. 

showroom,  where  the  clerical  work  of  the  stores  is  performed.  On 
the  right  of  the  passage,  coming  in  from  the  street,  is  the  main 
office,  which  is  tastefully  decorated  in  green  and  white  enamel. 
The  whole  of  the  basement  is  used  as  a  stores,  and  it  is  thoroughly 
ventilated  by  a  B.T.H.  porthole  fan.  A  portion  of  the  stores  is 
partitioned  off  to  form  a  packing  department,  and  this  department 
opens  directly  into  a  yard  leading  into  Wicklow  Street.  Large 
store*  of  electric  lamps  (Mazda,  Gem,  and  B.T.H.-Edison),  Veluria, 


Uolc.|iliunr,  Alliii  and  .Mnwlnltix  rillwlofi-.  Ky«  rml  imlirw.t  llifhtinf 
nttingit,  m!mi-indirf<;t  liifhting  flttintfit,  Mii/,daliiT  aii<L  Tunjr»U»U»r 
nttlngH,  and  wiring  Mupplicn  of  »11  kindii,  are  carrin  »t  iUe  o«w 
RtorcH. 

Electri*  lurrei  Clocks.— MtsHnu.  Gkst  k  Co.,  Ltd.. 

rif  Leicester  inforin  ua  that  they  have  In  hand  at  the  moinvnt  tbn 
fullowini;  Urife  turret  cloiUi.  all  to  work  on  tht-ir  paUntMl  '  Wait- 
ing; Train      iirinripli- 

Holy  Tiinll>  Cliiircli,  Hiiul)i|..>rl,  >tUli  (our  J  II.  i;  ID.  dial*  >a>l  itrlkiBe 
tlie  hours  on  a  lion  beU,  (knd  litklnx  '  urrani  from  llic  (Jorporkiluo  loaitx. 

Pulillc  rloi'k  kt  (liilvtl,  I'cD/«ni'<<,  Willi  four  C  ft.  n  In.  dUli  knd  ttrlklo* 
houm  and  liklf  liourn  on  a  I'i  owt   bell,  with  currtol  troin  Lirlancbc  c«llt. 

Public  clock  for  ret:>n>i,  New  /.ealaod,  w>ib  four!'.  It.  diali  •villi  WtilinlBtCr 
cbltnea,  and  driven  by  I.>  clanche  oellH. 

Tbri^s  public  olorki  fnr  Bl.  Johns,  New  Brunswick,  each  with  fbur  dial*,  lb* 
lurKCHl  bcliiit  !•  It.  In  dlsTni'lor. 

I''nlr.  Bros.  A  Co.'b  new  works,  LeIoeiMr,  S  It.  dials  and  itrlklnK  Ibe  bourt 
on  Icwl.  boll. 

United  I'lec  Cbunli,  Newton  Bircel,  OlasKOW,  wilb  three  Ml.  dials. 

Torquay  Town  Hall,  wilb  (our  S  (I.  ft  lo.  dials. 

Also  a  !ipecial  ob>ervatory  transmitler,  for  tbo  UlasKOW  Ubsanralory. 

Liquidations.  — Fdstkh    EMw.sEKRi.vf;   Co.,   I/ru. — On 

March  14th,  a  petition  was  presented  by  A.  F.  Barman,  manu- 
facturer, a  creditor,  for  the  winding  up  of  this  company,  and  it  ia 
to  be  heard  on  April  Mth. 

Canadian  I'owkrTiiamwavsConstklction  .Syndicatk.  Ltd.— 
This  company  is  winding  up  voluntarily,  with  Mr.  If.  G.  Clarke,  3. 
Princes  Street,  E.G..  as  liquidator.  A  meeting  of  creditors  is  to  be 
lield  on  April  Uth. 

Patent   Applications. — Applicution   for  restoration  of 

Patent  No.  8,207  of  1908,  for  "  Improvements  in  or  relating  to  the 
sinking  and  lining  of  shafts  or  wells,"  has  been  made  by  Josef 
Vincent  Bre.icha. 

Mu.  Charles  Ridoli'h  has  offered  to  eurrender  Patent  No. 
11,145  of  1911,  for  "Improvements  in  unions  or  couplings  with 
bayonet  joints  for  pipes  and  tubes." 

Trade  Announcements.— Tuk  Walsai.l  ELECTKicAr. 

Co.,  Ltd.,  of  57,  Bridge  Street,  Walsall,  are  now  carrying  out 
further  extensions  to  their  works  owing  to  greatly  increased  busi- 
ness. It  is  only  about  15  months  since  we  mentioned  their  last 
extension.  We  understand  that  the  firm  have  close  on  twenty 
times  as  many  workmen  as  they  had  three  years  ago.  As  works 
alterations  naturally  interfere  with  deliveries  to  some  extent,  they 
ask  indulgence  from  their  clients  in  that  respect.  Within  the  last 
few  weeks  they  have  put  down  a  large  number  of  new  tools,  which 
will  enable  a  resumption  of  prompt  deliveries  to  be  given  shortly. 

Mr.  G.  T.  Bellamy,  electrical  engineer,  of  Croydon,  has  removed 
to  more  commodious  premises  at  ;}3,  Cherry  Orchard  Road. 

Messrs.  Haseltine,  Lake  A:  Co,  patent  agents,  have  removed 
to  28,  Southampton  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C.  Telephone 
No.,  "5,611  Holborn." 

For  Sale. — The  Glasgow  Corporation  electricity  depart- 
ment has  for  disposal  a  quantity  of  steam-driven  generating  plant. 
The  Nuneaton  Corporation  has  for  sale  a  main  switchboard.  See 
our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

Bankruptcy      Proceedingrs.    —    Andrew    Georgk 

Adamson,  electrical  engineer,  of  Acton,  lately  in  business  at  22, 
Christopher  Street,  Finsbury  Square,  B.C. — April  12th  is  the  last 
day  for  receipt  of  proofs  for  dividend  by  Mr.  C.  Mercer,  the  trustee. 
14,  Bedford  Row,  London,  E.C. 

John  Mitchell  and  Frederick  Mitchell  (trading  as  Fred. 
Mitchell  &  Co.),  electrical  engineers.  97,  Stockport  Road,  Ardwick. 
Manchester,  and  58,  Ashton  Old  Road,  Openshaw,  Manchester.- 
The  first  meeting  of  creditors  herein  was  fixed  to  be  held  last  week 
at  the  Official  Receiver's  offices,  Byron  Str€e^  Manchester,',  but 
there  was  not  a  quorum  of  creditors  present,  and  no  business  was 
therefore  done. 

Samuel  Smith  (trading  as  Smith  A;  Sons),  22a,  24  and  26, 
Victoria  Siiuare,  Widnes,  Lancaster,  electrical  engineer,  .vc— The 
fijst  meeting  of  creditors  herein  was  fixed  to  be  held  last  week  at 
the  offices  of  the  Official  Receiver,  11,  Dale  Street,  Liverpool.  The 
Official  Receiver  stafed  that  no  statement  of  affairs  had  yet  been 
lodged  by  the  debtor,  and  only  one  proof  of  debt  had  been  received. 
Matters  were  complicated  by  the  fact  that  the  debtor  last  August 
executed  a  deed  of  assignment  for  the  benefit  of  his  creditors  to  the 
trustee,  who  took  over  the  assets  and  liabilities.  Since  then  the 
business  had  been  carried  on  by  the  debtor  under  the  supervision 
of  the  trustee,  and  be  incurred  fresh  liabilities  which  were  now 
scheduled  against  the  estate.  In  order  to  raise  the  money  to  file 
his  petition  the  debtor  had  sold  certain  stock.  There  was  not  a 
quorum  of  creditors  present,  and  no  resolutions  were  therefore 
passed,  the  matter  being  left  in  the  hands  of  the  Official  Receiver. 

At  the  last  sitting  of  the  Bradford  Bankruptcy  Court,  an  elec- 
trical engineer's  clerk,  named  .Tonathan  Edward  Mitchell,  of 
Bradford,  appeared  to  undergo  his  public  examination.  He  stated, 
in  reply  to  questions  addressed  to  him  by  the  Official  Receiver,  that 
his  deficiency  was  je98  14s.  6d.,  and  his  difficulties  had  arisen 
through  personal  extravagances  and  exorbitant  interest  charged  by 
moneylenders  in  connection  with  loans  which  he  had  obtained. 
Between  March  4th  and  November  28th,  1912,  he  had  obtained 
seven  loans  amounting  to  £130,  in  connection  with  which  he  had 
to  repay  £192  lOs.,  but  had  only  repaid  iE87  Ss.  It  was  suggested 
by  the  Official  Receiver  that  a  portion  of  these  loans  had  been 
obtained  on  the  debtor's  statement  that  he  wad  entering  for  an 
examination  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,  and  that  if 
he  passed  he  had  been  promised  a  good  position,  and  would  get  the 
whole  of  his  fees  back,  and  if  he  fstUed  he  would  get  half  feea 
returned,  but  the  debtor  denied  these  statements.    He  said  that  he 


558 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,84.">,  Apkil  4,  1913. 


hod  told  the  gentleman  from  whom  he  had  borrowed  the  money, 
that  he  would  require  .-tSO  for  the  examination,  and  iE5  a  week  for 
expenses,  though  he  denied  stating-  that  this  sum  was  returnable  if 
he  passed,  and  he  would  hand  it  over  immediately  he  obtained  it. 
After  askinif  some  further  questions,  the  Official  Receiver  informed 
the  debtor  that  he  had  written  to  the  secretary  of  the  Institution 
of  Electrical  En^ine^-rs  in  regard  to  the  examinations  which  the 
lU'btor  eutrg-esttd  he  hud  entered  for,  and  had  reoeivetl  a  reply 
stating  thut  such  examinations  hatl  never  been  held.  The  debtor 
repheii  that  there  were  tests  of  qualification  for  the 
degree  of  M.I.EE.  but  the  Otlicial  Receiver  suggested  that 
the  statements  which  the  debtor  had  nia<lo,  that  he 
required  money  for  fees  for  the  examinations',  were 
fables  and  fictions  of  the  imagination,  and  were  fraudulently 
made  in  order  to  obtain  money  for  his  own  personal  extravagfance. 
The  debtor  acknowledged  that  he  had  not  paid  the  fees  for  the 
examination,  but  said  that  the  statements  which  he  had  made  as 
the  reasons  for  wanting  the  money  were  not  false,  though  later 
when  the  Official  Receiver  suggested  that  the  statements  that  the 
debtor  was  expecting  to  receive  a  portion  of  his  examination  fees 
back  were  lies,  he  acknowledged  that  they  appeared  to  be  false- 
hoods. Inclosing  the  examination  the  Registrar  (.Mr.  Registrar 
Lee)  said  he  thought  when  the  examination  opened  that  the  debtor, 
being  a  young  man,  might  have  been  led  into  extravagances,  but 
he  did  not  think  so  after  he  had  heard  the  replies  of  the  debtor, 
because  the  statements  that  he  had  made  were  altogether  dis- 
graceful and  incredible.  He  could  not,  unless  he  heard  it  from  the 
debtor  8  own  lips,  believe  that  a  young  man.  who  might  have  been 
comfortably  placed,  could  have  been  guilty  of  such  recklessness 
and  extravagant  folly. 

Book  Xotices.  —  The  British  and  Colonial  Printer 
lor  March  29th  is  a  special  export  number  (fid.),  containing  a  great 
deal  of  additional  editorial  and  advertising  matter  of  particular 
interest  to  Colonial  readers. 

"  Elements  of  Electrical  Engineering."  By  J.  L.  La  Cour  and 
C.  S.  Bragstad.  191:5.  London  :  Longmans,  Green  \-  Co.  Price 
16s.  net. 

"  P/c-pei-tiif  of  the  Working  Men's  College,  1913.  Melbourne: 
The  College. 

Tranxactioiu>  of  the  University  of  Toronto  Engineering  Society." 
Vol.  VII,  No.  4.     February,  1913.    Toronto  :  The  University. 

"Journal  of  the  South  African  Institution  of  Engineers.'' 
Vol.  .\1,  No.  8.  March,  191:!.  Johannesburg:  The  Institution. 
Price  2s. 

"  Joiirtwl  of  the  Franklin  Institute."  Vol.  CLXXV,  No.  :!. 
March,  1913.     Philadelphia,  Pa.  :  The  Institute.     Price  .50  cents. 

'The  Physical  Review."  Vol.  1,  No.  3.  March,  1913.  Lan- 
caster. Pa. ;  The  American  Physical  Society. 

"The  School  of  Mines  Quarterly."  Vol.  XXXIV,  No.  2. 
January,  1913.    New  York  :  Columbia  University.     Price  .50  cents. 

"  Annales  des  Postes,  Ti'li'graphes  et  Telephones,"  with  Supple- 
ment, "  La  Dynamique  de  I'tlectron."  By  Henri  Poincan'.  March, 
1913.     Price  r>  fr.     Paris  :  A.  Dumas. 

■'  Atti  della  Afsociazione  Elettrotechnica  Italians."  Vol.  XVII. 
No.  5.  March  loth,  1913.  Milan  :  Stucchi.  Ceretti  A:  C.  Price 
LI 'SO. 

'  iJti.'c/i/i  de  la  Sociedad  de  Fomento  Fabril."  Vol.  XXX,  No.  2 
February  let,  1913.     Santiago,  Chile  :  The  Society. 

"  La  T/'Icgraphie  et  la  Telophonie  Simultances  et  la  Telephonic 
Multiple. '  By  K  Berger  and  P.  le  Normand.  1913.  Paris : 
Uauthier-Villais.     Price  4  fr.  .50. 

"  Tranmcti(tns  of  the  Illuminating  Engineering  Society.'' 
VoL  XIII,  No.  1.  January,  1913.  New  Yoik  :  The  Society.  Price 
75  cents. 

The  Trade  Paper. — "  The  efficient  trade  journal  proves 
its  worth  by  enjojiog  the  confidence  and  respect  of  the  majority  of 
its  readers  to  a  greater  degree  than  any  other  non-human  element 
with  which  these  individuals  come  in  contact.  The  information 
and  knowledge  which  trade  papers  impart  could  not  be  supplied  as 
effectively,  as  regularly,  or  as  economically,  to  the  reader  by  any 
other  known  method,  and  were  tbete  publia»tions  suddenly  to  dis- 
appear, great  trades  and  industries  would  be  left  without  their 
most  effective  and  efficient  melhod  of  intercommunication.  The 
positicm  of  the  advertiser  in  the  efficient  trade  journal  may  be 
described  thus  :— Given  a  merchantable  product,  these  journals  can 
80  efficiently  place  this  product  before  the  manufacturer,  who  is,  in 
many  cases,  the  consumer  or  converter  of  the  product,  or  before 
the  dealer,  who  r«s«-lls,  that  no  other  method  of  advertising 
publicity  can  compare  favourably  in  measured,  definite  value  per 
dollar  of  expenditure.'  —C.  G.  Phillips  in  the  American  I'rinlrr. 

C'ataloKues  and   Lisls. — Mk.ssrs.  Sik.mkns  Brotheks 

AND  Co..  Ltd.,  Wcolwich.— Supplement  2  to  Catalogue  517,  illus- 
trating and  describing  the  "Rawlplng  "  patent  plugs  for  use  in 
plaster,  stone,  .V".  The  plug  consists  of  a  tube  of  stiffened  fibres, 
which  expand  when  a  screw  is  driven  home,  and  grip  the  sides  of 
the  hole,  as  illustrated  in  our  last  issue.  One  of  these  plugs,  for 
which  Mesers.  Siemens  Brothers  are  the  wholesale  agents,  will 
stand  a  direct  pull  of  070  lb.  in  slate,  or  140  1b.  in  hard  plaster, 
with  a  screw  ,'  in.  long. 

TuE  Ei.ECTUic.M,  Co,  Ltd.,  Charing  Cross  Mend,  London,  W.C. 
— Illustrated  and  priced  leaflet  briefly  describing  their  electric 
number  indicator  for  theatres,  music  halls,  cin*  mas.  A:c.  A  simple 
switch  operates  a  lever  which  changes  the  numbers,  automatically 
locking  at  each  point.  The  indicator  consists  of  one  or  two  20-ip. 
zinc  figure  fields,  into  which  2  c.i'.  metal-filament  lamps  are  fitted. 
The  connections  between  indicator  and  switch  are  made  by  means 
of  25-strand  cables. 


Messe.?.  A.  Reyrolle  3:  Co.,  Ltd  ,  Hebbum-on-Tyne.- Pamphlet 
No.  20.  illustrating  and  giving  prices  of  the  latest  designs  of  their 
dust-proof  and  watertight  cast-iron  distribution  boxes,  fitted  with 
their  patent  self-aligning  fuse  handles.  A  separate  price  list  illus- 
trates and  prices  these  low-tension  self-aligning  fuses. 

The  British  Thomson-Hocsto.n  Co.,  Ltd.,  Rugby.  — Two 
8-page  publications  in  their  standard  style.  No.  4,401  containing  an 
illustrated  description  and  list  of  prices  of  overload  relays  for  a  c. 
and  c.r.  circuits.  No.  7,100  showing  artd  particularising  a  number 
of  types  of  B.T.H.  fan  motors  and  exhaust  fans. 

Ar.morukt  Ma.ni  ia('turin(,  Co,  Ltd.,  Farringdon  Avenue, 
London,  K.C. —  Publicity  folder  announcing  that  one  of  the  largest 
English  railway  companies  has  placed  a  further  order  with  them 
for  about  100  miles  of  Armorduct  5,000-megohm  grade  vulcanised 
rubber  cable. 

MESSHy.  Bkuce  Peebles  i:  Co.,  Ltd.,  Edinburgh.  —  Pamphlet 
No.  16B  (21  pages),  containing  very  full  descriptive  information, 
with  illustrations  and  a  great  deal  of  tabulated  data  as  to  dimen- 
sion", ppeeds,  H.P.,  efficiencies,  power  factor,  and  eo  on,  concerning 
the  Peebles  self-contained  polyphase  induction  motors.  Eight 
different  types  of  standard  machine  covering  all  oidinary  require- 
ments, are  dealt  with.  There  is  a  very  full  specification  of  the 
motors,  with  illustrations  of  various  parts,  also  outline  illustrations 
and  full  lists  of  approximate  weights  and  dimensions  of  every 
8)M  manufactured  by  the  firm,  while  full  lists  of  technical  data 
for  50  and  25cycle  motors  are  also  given,  machines  being  dealt 
with  for  three  separate  raogesof  voltage  from  110  up  to  3,500  volts, 
at  speeds  of  from  .1,500  down  to  150  R  P.M. 

The  Power  Plant  Co.,  Ltd.,  West  Drayton.— Small  folder, 
giving  a  specification  of  their  self-contained  mill  gears. 

The  Clf.\  eland  Electric  Storage  Battery  Co.,  St.  Louis.— 
Illustrated  leaflets  respecting  their  lamps,  kc,  for  motor-car 
lighting,  ignition  batteries,  A:c. 

Mr.  George  Ellison,  Victoria  Works,  Warstone  Lane,  Birming- 
ham.— Two  illustrated  leaflets  have  been  issued.  No.  50/1  gives 
particulars  of  the  firm's  patent  adjustable  time-lag  device  for  over- 
load circu it- breakers  ;  No.  4.50/1  describes  and  gives  dimensions  of 
brake  solenoids  for  c.c.  ;np  to  600  volts. 

The  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  67.  i.iueen  Victoria 
Street,  London,  EC. —  A  number  of  illustrated  and  priced  trade 
leaflets  have  been  issued  ;  No.  El.tjtjt,  describing  cylindrical  dust 
bellows  :  No.  1,671,  describing  sliding  resistances  for  fine  regula- 
tion :  No.  CI, 668,  detailing  the  "  Armearth  '  system  of  cable  pro- 
tection (a  new  leaflet  cancelling  a  previous  one)  ;  and  card  CI  67'i, 
describing  "Gefkoduct  "  conduit-system  porcelain  block  connectors 
and  griptight  continuity  fittings. 

MESsns.  Neiutys,  Ltd.,  :il.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. — 
Illustrated  and  priced  publication,  \o.  722,  dealing  witli  "Aston  ' 
indirect  lighting  fixtures  fitted  with  metal  reflector  bowls,  and 
semi-indirect  fixtures  with   Holophane  or  alabaster  bowls. 

The  United  Electrical  Maxi  tactureus  Co.,  89  and  90, 
Milton  Street,  London,  E.C. — Advance  illustrated  price  list  of  the 
1912-13  season,  of  electric  flashlights,  batteries  and  measuring 
instruments. 

Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  ;{8  and  39, 
Upper  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C— Leaflet  respecting  their  new 
"type  462  "  S  1'.  ironclad  service  fusebox,  also  pamphlets  dealing 
fully  with  house  service  safety  fuses  and  "Melda"  house  water 
pumps. 

Mr,  H.  C.  SLINGSBT,  Old  street.  London,  E.C— List  No.  50 
giving  illustrations  and  prices  of  all-steel  tubular  wheel- barrows. 

The  Universal  Electrical  Mam  iacturing  Co.,  14,  Station 
Parade,  Peckham.  S.E.— April  folder,  with  calendar  for  three 
months,  concerning  their  combined  ironclad  switches  and  fuses. 

Messes.  Scholey  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  151,  Queen  Victoiia  Street. 
London,  E.C. — Fourteen-page  catalogue  with  information  relating 
to  "  Indestructible  "  cable  of  various  grades  for  outdoor  and  indoor 
service.  Outdoor  cables  are  protected  against  atmospheric  and 
chemical  effects  by  the  use  of  a  jute  braiding,  which  is  impregnated 
on  a  special  ."ystem.  For  both  high  insulation  (suitable  for  2,000 
volts)  and  atmospheric  protection,  the  firm  supplies  a  grade  in 
which  the  conductor  is  insulated  with  a  double  layer  of  impreg- 
nated paper,  a  spiral  layer  of  cotton,  and  the  special  braiding 
mentioned.  A  third  grade  is  suitable  for  up  to  10,000  volts.  A 
braided  and  impregnated  rubber  cable  is  supplied  for  indoor 
service,  carried  on  insulators,  and  is  used  by  the  G.P.O,,  railway 
companies,  mines,  &c.,  for  lighting  and  jwwer  ;  after  10  years' 
seivice  the  insulation  results  !are  most  satisfactory.  The  pamphlet 
Sjlves  tabulated  sizes,  weights,  code-words,  pricee,  AiC. 

A  Model  Gas  Engine. — To  explain  the  working  of  the 
"Duplex  '  valveless  gas  engine,  which  was  fully  described  in  our 
issue  of  October  31th.  1912,  .Messrs.  Mather  ..t  Platt,  Ltd., 
have  issued  a  working  model  showing  the  action  of  the  mechanism, 
in  the  form  of  a  book.  One  view  shows  the  engine  cylinders  in 
.plan  ;  on  lifting  the  cover  plate,  the  cylinders,  which  in  this  engine 
are  single-walled  castings,  are  seen  fixed  in  a  tank  which  contains 
the  cooling  water.  The  other  view  is  a  side  elevaiion  ;  the  raising 
of  one  flap  removes  the  side  of  the  cylinder  tank,  showing  the 
cylinders  and  the  method  of  supporting  them'.  Removing  a  second 
Hap,  the  interior  of  the  cylinders  and  pumps  is  exposed,  showing 
the  pistons,  and  by  turning  a  disk  at  the  foe.t  of  the  model,  the 
several  pistons  are  set  in  motion  in  correct  relation  with  one 
another  ;  the  pistons  and  ports  are  lettered  to  correspond  with  a 
brief  explanatory  description  facing  the  model.  By  this  means 
the  cycle  of  operations  of  this  interesting  engine  is  made  perfectly 
clear  and  easy  to  follow.  The  air  and  gas  pumps  are  provided 
with  a  sleeve  valve,  which  also  is  set  in  motion  in  the  model,  show- 
ing that  the  scavenging  air  is  blown  through  the  cylinders  before 
any  gas  is  admitted,  and  that  after  the  gas  charge  is  delivered  to 


Vol.  V2.     No.  l,.s(..,  Aritii.  I,   I'JKi. 


Tin;   i;Li:("n{i(AL   i;i:\ii:\v. 


WA 


the  cyliiid('rM  (I  followinn  ulinr^c  ol  air  (lriv(^H  any  of  thi-  inixtiut; 
that  romaiiiH  in  tho  portn  into  tho  cylindorH.  Thn  i>iHt<)nH  receive 
an  ini|)iilM(i  at  cvtiry  Htrokc,  like  u  (louble-actinjj  Hlouni  (inifinc.  Tho 
Hlt'ovo  valve  Ih  not  expoHcd  to  hot  tjuHOH,  t)ut  only  to  th<i  charffe  of 
air  and  (;as  ;  and  there  w  no  other  valve,  the  ailinitwioti  and  exhaiiHt 
ports  beintf  uncovered  and  oov«ired  by  tho  workinjf  pintonH  thciii- 
HelveH.  The  model  ih  certainly  very  novel  and  inifcnioun.  and 
admirably  illustruti'H  the  uni(|ue  cycle  of  operatioiiH  followed  in 
this  remarkable  pas  enifino.  The  mechanism  of  tho  model  is 
operated  by  moans  of  fibre  pear  wheels,  with  links  to  drive  tho 
piston.",  &c. 

AliimiiiJiiiii    for   Power  IraiiKiiiKssioii. — While    the 

conditions  irovernini?  the  erection  of  overhead  transmission  lines  in 
this  country  are  by  no  means  n,'<  favourable  to  aluminium  as  those 
under  which  lon^-'distance  power  transnii.'-sion  schemes  are  installetl 
in  countries  where  water  powers  abound,  if  a  oompirison  be  made, 
it  will  be  found  that  tho  cost  of  construolion  is  well  in  favour  of 
aluminium  as  compared  with  copper.  As  considerable  doubt  has 
been  expressed  upon  this  point,  the  Biuiisii  Ai.kmi.nium  Co.,  Ltd  , 
have  plotted  a  .series  of  curves  showinp:  the  relativj  permissible 
saps  of  copper  and  aluminium  overhead  conductors  of  varying 
span,  cross  section,  temperature  and  wind  pressure,  in  accordance 
with  the  Board  of  Trade  Ileirulations.  These  data  are  embodied  in 
a  neat  little  book,  containiner  "in  a  nutshell"  the  information 
necessary  to  make  a  comparison  between  copper  and  aluminium, 
and  demonstrating-  the  truth  of  the  forejj-oinfj  statoment. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Aldershot. — The  Gas,  Water  and  District  Tiigbting  Co. 
has  applied  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  consent  to  construct  a  peneratinp 
station  at  the  pas  works  in  Ash  Road,  m  order  to  enable  the  com- 
pany to  supply  electricity  within  the  parishes  of  Ash,  Normandy 
and  Seale. 

Argentina. — The  lighting  of  l>ueno8  Ayres  is  under- 
going a  steady  transformation,  and  the  kerosene  lighting  in  the 
outlying  districts  is  being  replaced  by  gas  and  the  electric  light. 
At  the  present  time  public  electric  lighting  consists  of  2,531  arc 
lamps,  with  an  eiiuivalent  of  3,531,000  c.i".  In  accordance  with 
the  recent  arrangement  between  the  municipality  and  the  Com- 
pania  Alemana  de  Electricidad,  the  company  has  agreed  to  install, 
at  its  cost,  4,000  arc  lamps  at  the  rate  of  1,.S33  per  year,  eo  that 
in  11115  the  city  will  have  6,500  arc  lamps  in  strvice  with  an  equi- 
valent of  6,500,000  c.P.  The  gas  lighting  of  the  city  is  in  the 
hands  of  the  Primitiva  Gas  Co.,  which  has  actual ly''  in  service 
18,037  lamps,  and  in  four  years'  time  this  number  will  be  increased 
to  20,000,  as  the  company  has  made  a  contract  with  the  authorities 
similar  to  that  of  the  Corapania  Alemana  for  a  period  of  1 5  years. 
There  are  also  2,181  alcohol  lamps  and  3,650  kerosene  lamps. — 
Eerinv  of  the  Rncr  Plate. 

Bedford. —  A  L.G.B.  inquiry  was  opened  on  March  2Gth 
into  the  application  of  the  T.C.  fqr  a  loan  of  HW  590  for  electricity 
purposes.  Mr.  R.  W.  L.  Phillips,  electrical  engineer,  stated  that  it 
was  proposed  to  install  a  Diesel  oil  engine  coupled  direct  to  a 
400-KW.  Siemens  alternator,  and  the  tender  of  Jlessrs.  W.  H.  Allen, 
Sons  kt  Co.  had  been  provisionally  accepted.  Questioned  by  the 
inspector,  Mr.  Phillips  gave  the  list  of  tenders  received,  viz., 
Allen&  Sons,  £8,980  ;  with  own  generator,  £9,790  ;  Hick  Diesel  Co., 
£7,160  ;  with  own  generator,  £'.t.335  ;  Willans  &  Robinson,  £9,429  ; 
with'  additions,  £11,369.  He  added  that  the  tenders  of  the  Hick 
Diesel  Co.  and  Willans  &  Robinson  were  not  in  accordance  with 
speciBcations,  as  there  was  not  sufficient  protection  of  the  working 
parts.  The  inquiry  was,  in  the  end,  adjourned  for  inquiries  to 
be  made  respecting  statements  made  by  the  London  manager  of 
the  Hick  Diesel  Oil  Engine  Co.  respecting  their  tender. 

BlackpcoK — It  has  been  decided  to  officially  inaugurate 
the  new  plant  at  the  electricity  works  on  April  23rd,  when  members, 
of  the  Council  will  be  invited.  The  two  utw  turbo-generators  will 
be  ready  for  starting,  and  in  addition  an  installation  for  electrical 
cooking  will  be  on  view,  and  by  way  of  refreshments  members  will 
be  asked  to  test  samples  from  the  electrical  stoves. 

Brighouse. — A  scheme  is  being  put  forward  by  the 
Corporation  for  electrically  driving  the  machinery  and  plant  at  the 
sewage  outfall  works,  and  for  this  purpose  a  sum  of  £250  will  be 
included  in  the  estimate. 

Burnley. — The  increased  demand  for  electricity  for 
lighting,  power,  and  traction,  has  led  the  Electricity  Committee  to 
take  into  serious  consideration  an  extension  of  plant  and  service 
mains.  The  General  Purposes  Committee  last  week  adopted  a 
report  suggesting  the  following  :  — («)  The  installation  of  a 
2,000-KW.  turbo-alternator,  with.two  600-KW.  rotary  converters 
and  transformers  at  the  electricity  station  ;  and  (/>)  the  erection 
of  a  sub-station  near  the  tramway  depot  in  Colne  Road,  containing 
two  300- KW.  rotary  converters,  one  for  lighting  and  one  for 
traction,  to  supply  certain  districts.  The  proposed 'extensions  will 
necessitate  extensive  alterations  to  the  traction  switchboard,  and  the 
Committee  recommends  that  the  traction  and  h.t.  boards  be  mounted 
on  a  gallery,  and  that  the  cellular  pattern  of  switchboard  be  dispensed 
with  and  replaced  by  a  type  similar  to  that  supplied  for  the  last  turbine 


inNtttlliitioii.  riir  <-M«t  of  iwitchlxjiird  iMiTaAmw  *iU  !«•  h^mij, 
l)ut  thn  Cominitt<!0  in  odviiw.-d  that  they  dhoulil  Ur  carrlmj  out. 
'rhroii  HMiull  biiiliirs  in  uwi  nincn  tho  r;omm<-ii':«!iitvnt  of  tb«  iiO(l«r- 
taking  had  been  Huld,  and  the  Committ<xi  pro|i<>ii>'ii  to  inntall  two 
largo  boilerx  to  repla<:f:  them.  It  Ih  alwj  pro|i'iw<l  to  i%\»t:  the 
preM'iuro  of  threo  oxiatinif  boilorn  from  130  to  |i;o  lb.  [ler  rf\.  in., 
noc<:HBitttting  a  n(!W  sot  of  econonilitepi  ,  and  to  inxtAll  a  cxillnK 
tower  with  a  capacity  of  180.000  gallons  ixir  hour,  or  rather  more  v 
than  is  riijuircd  for  a  U.OOOKW.  plant.  Tho  electrical  CDffineer 
estimateH  the  cost  of  the  new  works  at  £2H,I7I.  includinfr  on* 
2,000-KW.  turbo-alternator,  with  condenHini;  plant,  Kl.'iOO  , 
two  5,000  hw.  rotary  convcrttTH  anrl  trannformerH,  £2,500,  new 
Hwitchgear  anil  alturnators,  £2,200  ,  cable  and  connoctioiui,  £(50  ; 
two  boilers  and  mountiogs,  £1,300,  HU|><!rheateri<.  £250,  econo- 
misers,  £700;  stokers,  £110.  boiler  pump,  £  I -"O  ;  water  softener 
and  piping,  £500  ;  cooling  tower  and  piping,  £800  ;  engine  room 
crones,  £600;  a  total  of  £17,660.  The  sub-station  enti mate*  are  : 
-  Buildings,  Jcc,  £l,30O:  rotarics  and  transforroerx,  £2.000; 
switcligear,  £HOO  ;  sub-station  cables  and  connections,  £150.  a 
total  of  .C  1,250.  Two  miles  of  '05  three-score  cable  in  rluplicate, 
£3,700.     Allowing  for  contingencies,  the  grand  total  is  £28,171. 

The  r.MO  loan  of  £5,000  for  mains  and  scrvici^  will  l>e  exhaunted 
during  the  summer,  and  the  (Committee  recommend  that  the  L.G.B.  -- 
be  asked  to  sanction  a  loan  of  £7,000, 

The  T.C.  is  now  to  be  asked  to  authorise  application  to  the 
Ii.(J.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow  £28,171  for  atlditioni*  .vc.,  to  the 
electricity  undertaking,  and  £7,000  for  electrical  mains  and 
services. 

Canada, — The  Windsor,  Ont.,  municipality  is  to  take 
2,500  H.l>.  of  hyilroelectric  power  from  the  Commission,  which  will 
extend  its  110,oOO-volt  transmission  from  St.  Thomas  to  Windeor  - 
110  miles— for  the  purpose.  The  existing  transmission  from 
Niagara  to  St.  Thomas  is  135  miles  long,  so  that  the  Niagara-Windsor 
transmission  will  cover  245  miles  and  be  one  of  th?  longest  in  the 
world. 

Chester. — At  the  meeting  of  the  T.C.  held  on  March 
26th,  it  was  agreed  by  29  votes  to  2  :  — (a)  That  the  extension  of 
the  electricity  works  as  suggested  by  the  electrical  engineer  in  his 
report  dated  March  7th  be  carried  out  at  a  cost  of  £11,550;  (A) 
that  application  be  made  to  the  L.G  B.  for  sanction  to  borrow^ 
£7,550  in  amounts  to  be  repaid  within  the  following  periods  : — 
£1.700  for  buildings,  30  years'  period;  and  £5,850  for  battery, 
booster,  switchgear,  instruments  and  connections,  seven  years  ; 
(<•)  that  the  remaining  £4,000  required  be  paid  out  of  the  reserve 
fund.  It  was  also  agreed  that  £500  of  the  net  surplus  revenue  of 
the  electricity  undertaking  for  the  current  year  be  at  the  option  of 
the  Finance  Committee,  either  carried  to  the  credit  of  the  local 
rate  or  applied  to  the  improvement  of  the  district  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Chester  Electric  Lighting  Order,  lf<90. 

Mr.  Britton's  report,  on  which  the  Committee's  recommendation 
to  the  Council  was  based,  drew  attention  to  the  inadequacy  of  the 
plant  last  winter,  when  the  maximum  demand  on  the  works  reached 
1,595  KW.,  being  in  excess  of  the  normal  capacity  of  the  under- 
taking ;  he  pointed  out  that  this  and  the  rew  consumers  which  will 
be  added  before  next  winter  will  appropriate  the  capacity  of  the 
hydro-electric  extension  for  maximum  load  purposes.  After  con- 
sidering the  alternatives  of  steam  and  oil  generating  plant  and 
storage  batteries,  he  concluded  that  the  most  economical  arrange- 
ment was  to  fully  employ  the  hydro-electric  plant  by  installing 
a  storage  battery  at  the  New  Crane  Street  works,  to  accommodate 
the  electrical  energy  in  excess  of  the  demand  during  the  night  for 
use  on  the  peak  load  of  the  following  day  ;  this  surplus  energy 
obtainable  from  the  water-power  plant  at  no  additional  cost  will 
replace  energy  generated  at  the  most  costly  period  of  the  day.  The 
battery  recommended  will  have  a  net  capacity  of  550  KW.  for  three 
hours.  Although  the  loan  period  for  the  battery  is  seven  years,  as 
compared  with  15  years  for  generating  plant,  Mr.  Britton  estimated 
that  the  total  annual  expenditure  would  be  from  £620  to  £1,530  per 
annum  lower  than  if  the  latter  plant  were  adopted.  He  farther 
added  that  had  steam  plant  been  installed  instead  of  the  watef- 
power  plant,  an  extension  either  of  generating  or  battery  plant 
would  now  be  required,  and  battery  charging  from  steam  plant 
would  have  been  more  costly  that  the  proposed  arrangement. 

Clacton-on-Sea. — A   I-.C.B.   inquiry  has  been  held  into, 
the   application   of  the  I'.D.G.  for  a  loan  of  £6,000  for  additional 
plant  at  the  electricity  works,  viz.,  a  Diesel  generating  set.     There 
was  no  opposition. 

Continental  Notes. — Bki,(;um. — Antleotrically-operated 
winding  plant  is  to  be  installed  at  the  Malassisc  pit  of  the  Soci^te 
des  Charbonnages  des  Kessales,  at  ,lemeppe-sur- Mouse. 

A  new  generating  station  of  a  capacity  of  4,000  kw.  is  approach- 
ing completion  at  Langerbrugge,  near  Ghent.  It  has  been  estab- 
lished by  the  Compagnie  des  Centrales  Klectriques  des  Flandres,  and 
will  supply  current  for  lighting  and  power  purposes  to  an  area 
having  a  population  of  about  75,000. 

The  municipal  authorities  of  Lierre  recently  invited  tenders  for 
the  concrssion  for  the  establishment  and  working  of  a  central  elec- 
tric lighting  station  in  the  town.  Apparently  the  conditions  were 
of  too  onerous  a  nature,  as  not  a  single  offer  was  received. 

Fr.-^xce. — .V  new  company  has  just  been  formed  in  Paris  (41,  Bne 
de  Profence)  with  a  capital  of  £80,000  and  the  title  of  La  Society 
de  Distribution  do  I'Klectricito  de  I'Duest. 

The  Socioto  Hydroclectrique  des  Basses  Pyrenees,  whose  several 
networks  have  hitherto  been  fed  from  the  generating  station  at  the 
Val  Carlos  fall,  on  the  Spanish  frontier,  are  now  about  to  construct 
a  second  station  on  the  Nive  at  Banoa,  where  a  fall  equal  to  4,500 
H.p.  is  available.  This  station  will  be  joined  by  two  30,000-volt 
lines  to  the  steam  generating  station  at   Pout-de-Mongerre  near 


560 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,8-15,  Apbil  4,  1913. 


Bajonne  owned  by  this  society.  The  distribution  systtms  which 
supply  Bayonne,  Boncau.  Osses  and  Cambo  are  also  to  be  considerably 
enlarfred.  The  proprramme  in  course  of  execution  comprises  for  the 
30,000-volt  network,  besides  the  two  lines  previously  mentioned,  a 
line  serving  the  important  industrial  region  of  Bcucau  and  a  line  to 
supply  the  Bayonne-Lyc^e-Biarritz  tramway,  hitherto  worked  by 
steam,  the  conversion  of  which  is  expected  to  be  completed  by  Sep- 
tember next.  Further,  a5,00u-volt  network  will  supply,  on  one  hand, 
the  Basque  coast  as  far  as  St.  Jean  de  Luz  and  Ascain,  and,  on  the 
other,  the  communes  in  the  Landes  region. —  /,//  Lumwre  Elect riqni-. 
Geumany.— The  Ituhrthalsperrenverein,  of  K*Een,  which  is  in- 
^taIling  a  large  plant  to  utilise  certain  available  water-power  in 
the  Ruhr  valley,  hiis  placedacontract  with  Messrs.  Bregleh,  Hansen 
and  Co.,  of  Gotha,  for  the  supply  of  four  Francis  double  spiral 
turbines,  each  of  2,0i'0  H.i'.,  and  four  single  .spiral  turbines,  each  of 
1,000  H.i'. 

The  Bavarian  Minister  of  the  Interior  has  addressed  to  local 
authorities  the  following  official  instruction  with  regard  to  the 
provision  of  electrii  ity  in  this  kingdom  :— That  (1 )  the  supply 
of  electricity  is  only  possible  by  means  of  great  bulk  supply  stations, 
serving  large  areas  and  pledged  for  long  periods.  (2)  That  the 
erection  of  such  stations  in  each  district  must  be  relegated  to 
separate  companies,  communal  or  other,  or  to  large  electric  supply 
companies  working  in  conjunction  with  banks.  (3)  That  power 
must  be  generated  to  the  utmost  from  the  State-owned  water 
resources.  (4)  That  the  bulk  supply  stations  must  be  bound  to 
serve  every  locality  within  their  area  at  a  unit  price.  (.'>)  That  the 
larger,  and  especially  the  municipal  stations,  must  construct  their 
own  networks,  taking  energy  from  the  bulk  suppliers.  ((5)  That 
rural  authorities  must  leave  the  distribution  of  electricity  to  the 
bulk  supply  concerns,  retaining  merely  the  power  of  repurchase  at 
some  specified  date.  (7)  That  in  areas  where  the  supply  will  involve 
loss  to  the  suppliers,  special  terms  may  be  made,  subject,  however,  to 
the  State's  approval.  (8)  That  the  price  of  current  must  be 
approved  by  the  State  and  revised  at  stated  periods.  (9)  That  pre- 
emptive rights  over  the  bulk  supply  stations  must  be  retained  by  the 
State.  (10)  That  bulk  supply  stations  are  to  be  built  according  to  such 
plans,  and  in  such  sequences  and  at  such  periods  as  fixed  by  the 
State.  (11)  That  the  bulk  supply  concerns  are  to  refrain  from 
restricting  free  competition  in  such  portions  of  installations  not 
carried  out  at  their  own  cost,  rspecially  in  internal  fittings  ;  and, 
lastly,  that  the  State  will  retain  sensible  touch  with  all  the  bulk 
supply  stations  with  a  view  to  conserving  the  interests  of  the 
general  public.  These  conclusions  are  taid  to  be  the  outcome  of 
exhaustive  investigations  into  local  electrical  circumstances,  and  of 
an  inspection  of  the  arrangements  come  to  in  other  countries. — 
Klrhlro.  .\arhriclitPn. 

The  Rheinifch  WestliiHschen  Electrici'atswerke  intends  to  con- 
struct a  large  new  power  station  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine  near 
Zeche.  The  first  equipment  will  include  two  25,000-h.p.  steam 
turbines. — /.f'lt.f.  d.g.  Turhinrninteu. 

Negotiations  are  proceeding  between  the  Rheinisch-Westfalischen 
Elektricitiitswerke  and  the  five  populous  industrial  Kreise  of  the 
Lower  Rhine  with  respect  to  the  completion  of  the  distribution  net- 
work and  the  construction  of  a  special  generating  station.  The  five 
Kreise  are  prepared  to  place  a  loan  of  i;."i2.T,(iOU  at  the  disposal  of 
the  company,  but  the  latter  requires  a  larger  advance  (JE'.-jO.OOO)  in 
view  of  the  fact  that  widely  scattered  and  relatively  unremunera- 
tive  agricultural  districts  will  have  to  be  included  in  the  completed 
network.  A  special  opinion  is  to  be  taken  on  the  merits  of  the 
divergent  contentions,  but  it  is  considered  in  competent  quarters 
that  the  company's  standpoint  will  be  eventually  adopted. — EMdro. 
Xachrichten. 

The  Government  of  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Mecklenburg  has  just 
published  its  plans  for  providing  electricity  to  the  whole  of  the 
Grand  Dukedom.  It  is  intended  to  erect  a  large  power  station  in 
Sohwerin,  at  a  cost  of  £100,000  for  the  supply  of  current  to  the 
whole  of  the  south-western  portion  of  the  Grand  Duchy.  The 
remainder  of  the  province  will  be  served  by  another  station  ;  but. 
alternatively,  a  large  transformer  station  may  be  substituted,  in 
^Jhich  event  the  current  will  be  furnished  by  the  Schwerin  station. 
These  plana  obviate  the  resort  to  the  private  bulk  supply  station  at 
Liibeck,  in  the  neighbouring  principality. — /.eltachrift  fiir  Elek- 
triiteehnih  und  Ma»cliini>nhnti. 

Norway. — According  to  official  statistics,  the  number  of  elec- 
trical installations  existing  in  Norway  on  July  Ist  last  was  1,2.")0, 
an  increase  for  the  12  months  of  100  :  the  total  generator  capacity 
was  417,607  KW.,  an  increase  of  l.").5,5I2  ;  the  number  of  accumu- 
lators in  use  remained  at  the  same  figure,  9,1 1(6  :  the  utilised  power 
for  lighting  in  kilowatts  is  not  on  record,  but  in  the  foregoing 
period  was  38,129  :  for  motors  it  was  126,.'J68,  an  augmentation  of 
28.85tj :  the  power  used  in  the  electrochemical  industry  totalled 
211,131  KW.,  an  increase  of  114,34.5,  and  for  other  purposes  11,947, 
showing,  however,  a  shrinkage  of  4,4  In  ;  the  number  of  glow  lamps 
in  use  was  9n0,317,  representing  an  increment  of  176,3x2,  while  arc 
lamps  figured  at  O.'il.'),  no  record  being  made  in  the  previous  year. 
The  number  of  motors  in  use  was  12,82.5,  an  advance  of  2,599. 
The  Rjukan  station,  to  serve  the  saltpetre  industry,  wan  opened 
during  the  official  year. — Elek.  /.fit-iclirift. 

Russia  -  At  the  commencement  of  the  present  month  the  Sociotc 
d'Electricito  d'Odesra  was  supplying  current  to  3,588  consumers, 
with  a  total  of  129,000  lamps  and  116  electric  motors,  equal  to  a 
consumption  of  4  010  KW.  • 

Considerable  additions  are  to  be  made  this  year  to  the  iron  works 
and  collieries  of  the  Union  Miniere  et  Metallurgiqne  en  Rui-sie,  the 
new  plant  including  an  electric  power  station  comprising  three  gas 
engines  and  dynamos,  each  of  2,000  h.p. 

A  new  company  is  being  formed  in  Moscow  with  a  capital  of 
6  million  roubles,  and  the  title  Lft  Soci£-t£  de  Transmission 
Electriqne, 


Spain. — The  special  commission  for  the  refoim  of  the  public 
lighting  of  Madrid  has  advised  the  municipality  to  declare  the 
competition  for  the  public  lighting  concession  abandoned,  and 
instead  to  raise  a  loan  with  the  assistance  of  the  Government, 
with  a  view  to  the  establishment  of  a  municipal  installation, 
procuring  current  from  the  State-owned  generating  station  on  the 
Isabel  II  Canal. — Electron. 

The  municipal  authorities  of  San  Juan  de  Palamos  (province  of 
Gerona)  have  just  invited  tenders  for  the  concession  for  the  electric 
lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period  of  ten  years. 

SwiTZEKLANU. — A  water  -  power  plant  is  being  installed  at 
Martigny,  utilising  a  head  of  5,400  ft.,  through  .1  miles  of  steel 
pipe.  This  will  be  the  highest  head  of  water  so  utilised  in  the 
world,  the  water  pressure  at  the  turbine  being  about  2,500  lb.  per 
sq.  in.  Pelton  wheels,  with  a  total  rating  of  15,000  ii.i'.,  will  be 
installed,  and  the  Ehxtncal  World  points  out  that  only  about 
30  cb.  ft.  of  water  per  sec.  wUl  be  necessary  to  develop  the  full 
15,000  H.p.  output. 

Dar>YeD, — There  is  a  movement  on  foot  to  extend  the 
electrical  undertaking  to  the  village  of  Hoddlesden.  Messrs. 
Carus's  new  mill,  and  Messrs.  Place's  works,  nre  already  driven  by 
electricity,  and  it  is  now  proposed  to  ask  for  current  for  lighting 
purposes.  Large  firms  and  chief  residents  are  willing  to  adopt 
electric  lighting  if  the  Corporation  can  see  its  way  to  supply  it. 

Doncaster. — Sitting  in  committee,  the  T.C.  has  decided 
to  apply  for  sanction  to  borrow  £12,500  for  the  extension  of  the 
plant,  and  also  for  structural  alteration  at  the  Corporation  elec- 
tricity works.  It  is  proposed  to  put  in  a  1,000-Kw.  turbine  set, 
bringing  the  total  plant  capacity  up  to  2,800  KW.,  and  to  adopt  H.T. 
three-phase  supply  in  order  to  reach  the  outside  districts  which  are 
so  rapidly  developing  owing  to  colliery  enterprise.  Alterations  will 
be  made  at  the  electricity  station,  so  that  as  the  additions  to  the 
plant  take  place  it  will  not  be  necessary  to  build  a  new  station,  the 
present  one  being  sufficiently  large  for  many  years  to  come. 

Dnnferiuline. — In  view  of  impending  developments  in 
the  district,  the  Fife  Electric  Power  Co.  has  in  contemplation  a 
large  extension  at  its  works  at  Townhill.  It  is  proposed  to  install 
a  horizontal  turbine  set  of  5,000  H.P.,  capable  of  developing 
3,000  KW.  With  the  necessary  boiler  power,  the  company  will 
be  able  to  supply  double  its  present  load. 

IIa]ifa.t. — The  f]lectri(:ity  Committee  has  recommended 
that  application  be  made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow 
£4,380  for  the  supply  and  fixing  of  two  water-tube  boilers  and 
superheaters  required  at  the  electricity  works. 

Haslin^^deD. — At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C,  held  on  Wed- 
nesday, last  week,  a  letter  was  read  from  the  L.G.B. ,  sanctioning 
the  borrowing  of  £3,750  and  £1,500  for  the  electricity  undertaking 
purposes. 

HestOIV- Isle  worth. — The  Electricity  Committee  of  the 
U.D.C.  has  decided  to  charge  4<i.  per  unit  for  current  supplied  to  the 
refuse  destructor  works  lor  lighting  purposes,  and  lid.  per  unit 
for  power,  instead  of  a  uniform  rate  of  2d. 

The  seal  of  the  Council  has  been  affixed  to  an  agreement  with 
the  Isleworth  Brewery  Co.  for  supplying  its  premises  with  cur- 
rent, and  for  laying  down  the  necessary  cables. 

Leeds. — The  Corporation  Tramways  and  Electricity  Com- 
mittee has  asked  the  Finance  Committee  to  apply  for  borrowing 
powers  to  the  extent  of  £ir„s,500,  which  it  is  intended  to  apportion 
as  to  £38,500  for  additions  to  the  generating  station,  .£100,000  for 
mains,  and  £30,000  for  building  snb-stations.  The  Committee  also 
proposes  to  borrow  £28,000  for  building  and  equipment  of  a  new 
depot  in  Sovereign  Street. 

The  Corporation  has  a  proposal  in  hand  to  reduce  the  price  of 
energy  for  power  purposes,  and  an  additional  discount  is  suggested 
for  large  consumers  who  take  u.T.  supplies  and  thus  save  the  cost  of 
transforming  to  low  pressure. 

Lejton. — Application  is  to  be  made  to  the  L.G.B.  for 
sanction  to  borrow  £1,000  for  services,  and  £.5,370  for  mains.  An 
additional  feeder  is  to  be  laid  in  Hainault  Road  at  an  estimated  cost 
of  £2,370.  The  estimated  surplus  on  the  working  of  the  under- 
taking during  the  year  ended  March  31st  is  put  at  £951,  of  which 
£500  is  to  be  set  aside  as  a  provision  for  the  purchase  of  stores 
rechargeable  to  capital  account  as  and  when  expended,  and  half  of 
the  balance,  £225,  is  to  be  carried  to  reserve,  while  the  remainder 
will  be  transferred  to  the  credit  of  the  district  rate. 

London. — Lkwisha.m. — The  B.  of  G.  on  Monday  con- 
sidered the  question  of  installing  the  electric  light'at  the  infirmary 
and  workhouse.  A  letter  was  read  from  the  South  Metropolitan 
Gas  Co.,  stating  that  it  would  have  been  necessary  for  it  to  enlist 
the  co-operation  of  a  third  party  to  undertake  the  responsibility  of 
providing  electrical  plant  and  accessories,  as  distinct  from  gas 
engines,  but  the  Guardians  insisted  that  the  installation  should 
be  the  property  of  the  gas  company.  The  company  had  no  doubt 
whatever  as  to  its  ability  to  generate  electricity  in  the  institutions 
with  a  gas-driven  plant,  and  show  a  reasonable  profit  on  the  trans- 
action. The  Guardians  decided  to  acknowledge  the  letter  with 
thanks.  A  letter  was  also  read  from  the  South  Metropolitan  Elec- 
tric Light  and  Power  Co.,  offering  to  supply  electricity  for  lighting 
at  2d.  per  B.  of  T.  unit,  and  at  lid.  for  heating,  driving  of  electrical 
motors  and  ventilating,  for  21  years,  determinable  at  the  end  of  the 
first  7  or  14  years  by  the  Guardians  only  by  giving  12  months' 
previous  notice.  The  Board  decided  to  accept  these  terms.  The 
tenders  received  for  the  electric  wiring  of  the  two  institutions  are 
stated  in  our  'Contracts  Closed.' 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,81  r,,  Apnii,  I,  19i;i.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    jy^lVIEW, 


ml 


Londonderry. — M'lie  electrical  eiifjinccr  lias  sulitnitted  ti 
report  on  probabln  oablo  oxtcriHionH  rc(|iiiro(i  diirini;  th«  next  flvn 
years,  and  tho  lO.Ij.  (!ommitte«  hnH  approvod  it.  The  OHtimatcd  ooBt 
of  the  extenHions  is  ij  13.000. 

WanchpNter, — The    Electricity   Committoe    proposes   to 

apply  for  powors  to  borrow  fT.^.OOO  for  mninH  and  Berviiioi",  and 
plant  at  consnmrrB'  Bnb-Htationa.  Tht:  rstimatcd  inuroasod  rovoiiue 
per  annum  is  £1J,000,  airainnt  which  workinif  nxponHOi",  intercut 
and  Binkinir  fund,  amnuntinir  to  £9.!!  13,  are  to  be  set,  loavinfr  an 
annual  surplus  of  £2. 0K7,  which  represents  a  return  of  2'7m  per  cent, 
upon  the  capital  outlay  involved.  The  Finan'-c  Committee  raised 
no  objection  to  the  proposed  application. 

Oultou  Itroad. — The  Uoiinl  of  Trade  lias  revoked  the 
1908  Electric  Litfht  Order. 

Portishend. — 'I'lie  Clevedon,  I'ortisheud  and  District 
Electric  Supply  Co.  has  applied  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  permission  to  use 
overhead  lines  for  the  transmission  of  energy  at  a  pressure  of  KK) 
volts  for  the  purposes  of  supply  under  the  order. 

Red  ditch. — The  U.D.C.  has  received  a  report  from  a 
special  sub-committee  on  the  working  of  the  electricity  under- 
taking. The  undertaking  has  never  been  financially  successful,  due, 
it  is  said,  to  the  installation  of  unsuitable  plant,  followed  later  by  the 
introduction  of  metal  lamps  and  recently  by  the  numerous  strikes. 
The  capital  cost  of  useless  plant  is  stated  to  be  £10,000  out  of  a 
total  of  £40,000.  It  is  proposed  to  pay  the  works  manager,  Mr. 
Ferguson,  £  1  .')0  in  respect  of  his  special  services  as  consulting 
engineer,  and  in  order  to  give  the  committee  freedom  to  make  any 
necessary  charge?,  he  has  decided  to  terminate  his  engagement  as 
works  manager.  The  sub-committee  has  made  22  recommendations 
to  the  Council,  including  one  that  a  works  manager  be  appointed 
at  £2.50  per  annum. 

RicbmODd, — The  Richmond  (Surrey)  Electric  Light  and 
Power  Co.,  Ltd  ,  is  applying  for  further  powers,  including  power  to 
take  a  supply  in  bulk  from  the  Metropolitan  District  Railway  Co  .  the 
London  Electric  Railway  Co  ,  the  County  of  London  Electric  Supply 
Co..  Ltd.,  and  any  local  authority,  kc. 

Roiuford. — The  U.U.C.  has  provisionally  agreed  with 
the  County  of  London  Electric  Supply  Co. 'a  scheme  for  electric 
supply  for  the  district,  but  the  sealing  of  the  agreement  has  been 
deferred  until  certain  clauses  are  definitely  decided  upon. 

Siani. — According  to  the  Indian  Texlilc  Journal,  La 
Compagnie  Mutuelle  de  Tramways,  of  Brussels,  is  negotiating  the 
formation  of  a  large  new  company  to  undertake  the  establishment 
of  an  electricity  station  in  Bangkok  for  the  supply  of  current  for 
lighting  and  power  purposes,  and  for  tramway  operations  in  the 
Siamese  capital. 

Stal.vl>ridge. — The  Joint  Tramway  and  Electricity  Board 
has  approved  a  recommendation  of  the  Generating  Station  Com- 
mittee to  amend  an  application  to  the  L.G.B.  for  further 
borrowing  powers  from  £20,000  to  £22,.551. 

Stoke-on-Trent.— The  B.C.  has  applied  to  the  L.G.B. 

for  a  loan  of  £8.000  for  extensions  of  the  electric  light  mains  to 
Fenton. 

Trnro. — The  T.C.  has  received  an  intimation  that  the 
B.  of  T.  proposes  to  grant  the  application  of  the  Corporation  for  a 
prov.  order  for  electric  lighting. 

WalthaniStOAV. — Subject  to  the  sanction  of  the  B.  of  T. 
the  Council  has  decided  to  undertake  to  supply  Woodford  with 
electricity  in  detail.  When  application  is  made  for  a  prov.  order, 
the  Board  is  to  be  asked  to  provide  in  such  order  that  the  repay- 
ment of  capital  be  deferred  for  a  period  of  three  years  from  date 
of  borrowing,  interest  only  being  paid  during  such  period. 

West  Bromwich. — The  L.G.B.  has  sanctioned  the 
borrowing  of  £6,500  for  extensions  of  electric  mains,  repayment 
being  spread  over  20  years. 

Varmonth. — The  electrical  engineer  is  to  make  an  ex- 
periment on  certain  tramway  centre  poles  with  200-C.P.  incandes- 
cent lamps  placed  at  each  end  of  the  bracket  arm,  with  the  view  of 
improving  the  lighting  of  the  Marine  Parade. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Argentina. — Messrs.  Otto  Franke  A-  Co.,  concessionaires 
for  an  electric  railway  between  La  Plata  and  the  Federal  capital 
advised  the  Department  of  Engineers  of  the  Province  of  Buenos 
Ayres  that  they  had  commenced  work,  and,  at  the  same  time,  they 
protested  against  that  Department  for  the  difficulties  placed  in 
their  way.  An  investigation  was  ordered,  and  it  is  stated  that  the 
protest  was  only  a  pretext  on  the  part  of  the  concessionaires  to 
endeavour  to  delay  the  concession  being  declared  lapsed. — Hciiew 
ofth.>  Riirr  Phttc' 

Blackpool. — The  receipts  from  the  Corporation  tram- 
ways for  the  year  which  ended  on  Monday  were  £9,200  in  advance 
of  the  previous  year,  and  the  statement  made  to  this  effect  by 
Alderman  Brodie  at  the  meeting  of  the  T.C,  on  Tuesday,  was 
received  with  much  satisfaction, 


(  hilc. — N'cgotiiitionH  HPf  iM'iiig  fiit<r«!  into  to  enahU;  the 
Government  U)  piirrhane  the  land  on  olthtr  nidc  of  the  Uio  I/»i« 
HO  an  tfi  mako  nntj  of  thi-  water  for  a  hydro-ejectrio  utatlon  to  «nppl7 
current  for  thi-  third  and  fourth  iiection«  of  the  roilw»y  which  •*• 
to  be  electridid.  and  alto  to  Hupply  eleotrio  lijfht  to  iieverml  citie*.— 
/{rri,;r  „n/,r  II.,, r  I'bit.-. 

Continental  \oteH.— Hi;i.'iii  m, — T-a  Hocif-tc  den  Tram- 
ways l,i(!gcoiK  has  (Mxsured  n  conoenuion  for  extenjiionii  of  itii  ele<!trfc 
tramway  nyHtcm,  which  will  give  conn»x;tionH  Ixitween  theionthern 
portion  of  Lii'jfe  anrl  Chen<;e  and  Vaux-douH-Chevrpmon. 

Gkiimanv.  The  Local  Government  Board  of  Fllr^chberg  h»« 
accorded  ji^rmisHion  for  theconHtruotion  of  a  new  mountain  railwa/ 
in  the  Riescngeburge.  The  railway  will  be  about  17  mile*  in 
length,  and  will  run  from  Schmiedeberg  through  Steinaelffcn 
Krummhiibel,  with  a  branch  from  ther«  to  Bruckcnberg-Amidorf. 
Seidorf,  Giersdorf,  and  Hermsdorf,  bo  that  a  direct  connection  will 
be  established  between  the  eastern  and  western  end  of  the  moun- 
tains. The  contract  for  the  line  has  been  secured  by  the  Allgemeine 
Electricitiits  Gcscllschaft,  of  Berlin. 

The  system  of  working  with  sinile-phase  current  at  15.000  volt» 
and  1 1)-;  cycles  on  the  DecHau-Bitterfeld  line  is  now  adopted  for 
the  Madgeburg,  Leipzig  and  Halle  section.  Three  Bub-stations  are 
erected  at  Wahren,  Marke  and  Gommem  respectively  _  each 
equipped  with  four  1,.500-KW.  tranaformeri".  The  chief  station  at 
Muldenstein  contains  16  boilers,  and  four  3,:i00-KW.  tnrbo-dynamofl. 
Four  boiler><,  a  turbo-dynamo,  transformers,  and  switchboard  form 
a  complete  power  unit.  The  switchboard  building  is  separate  from 
the  engine-room.  For  the  working  of  the  Prussian  State  railways, 
there  have  been  ordered  72  new  locomotives. — Dpr  Ehhinitrrhnihrr. 

Italy. — In  consetiuence  of  the  results  obtained  from  the  installa- 
tion of  electric  traction  on  the  old  Giovi  line,  the  Ministry  of  Poblic 
Works  has  proposed  to  the  State  Railways  Administration  the  con- 
version of  the  branch  lines  from  Giovi  to  Sampierdarena  and  Ronco. 
The  plans  have  already  been  settled,  and  the  cost  is  estimated 
at  about  £210.000.  The  current  for  working,  unlike  that  for  the 
old  line,  will  be  supplied  by  a  private  company,  and  a  contract  to 
this  end  has,  in  fact,  been  signed  with  the  Sooieta  Forze  Hidranliche 
della  Maira.  Construction  and  equipment  will  be  carried  out  under 
the  direct  supervision  of  the  Railway  Department  and  the  line  is 
expected  to  be  completed  by  March,  1914. — G'lornale  df.i  Larori 
Piihhlici. 

A  60-year8'  concession  for  the  construction  and  working  of  an 
electric  tramway  between  Naples  and  Acerra,  a  distance  of  SJ  miles, 
has  lately  been  granted. 

Russia. — The  Ministerial  Commission  for  the  Study  of  New  Rail- 
ways is  aliout  to  examine  two  schemes  for  electric  lines  starting  from 
St.  Petersburg.  One  scheme,  the  author  of  which  is  Mr.  C.  Hefding. 
proposes  to  construct  a  double-track  normal-gauge  electric  railway 
as  far  as  the  Finnish  frontier  ;  it  will  have  a  10- minute  service,  is 
for  passengers  and  goods  (principally  woodl  and  will  derive  its  energy 
from  a  fall  on  the  River  Vouoksa.  Its  cost  is  estimated  at  2.969.000 
rouble?,  and  an  80-year  concession  is  asked  for.  The  second  scheme, 
put  forward  by  Messrs.  Lipsky  &  Bieloff.  proposes  to  construct  a 
double-track  normal-gauge  railway.  17  km.  long,  as  far  as  lonkki, 
and  a  second  line,  li'  km.  from  Vossnessensky  to  St.  Petersburg. 
The  cost  of  the  first  line  is  estimated  at  1,928,000  roubles  and  of 
the  second  at  2,007.000  roubles.— Za  Liimii-rr  EUctrirpie. 

Dundee. — The  Tramways  Committee  of  the  T.C.  has 
unanimously  agreed  to  fix  the  Jd.  stages  on  the  Corooration's 
tramway  system  at  a  uniform  length  of  950  yards.  A  small  Com- 
mittee has  been  formed  to  decide  upon  the  stages. 

East  London  Railway. — On  this  line,  now  electrically 
worked,  the  electrical  train  service  was  started  on  Monday  last. 
The  service  is  maintained  by  Metropolitan  trains,  while  the  District 
Railway  supplies  the  power  required  through  its  Whitechapel  sub- 
station and  a  new  sub-station  at  Surrey  Docks,  the  latter  equipped 
with  three  300- kw.  Westinghouse  rotaries  and  transforming  plant. 
The  steam  pumping  stations  at  Rotherhithe  and  Surrey  Docks  have 
beeij  converted  for  electrical  pumping,  and  a  special  system  of 
automatic  signalling  has  been  installed  by  the  McKenzie.  Holland, 
and  Westinghouse  Co.,  which  utilises  alternating-current  track 
circuits.  In  the  tunnel  signals  the  red  and  green  lamps  are  lighted 
by  5  and  .50-volt  lamps  respectively,  thus  safeguarding  the  possi- 
bility of  a  "clear"  signal  being  given  in  place  of  the  ''danger" 
signal. 

Halifa.x. — A  recommendation  has  been  made  that  the 
Mount  Tabor  motor-bus  service  be  extended  to  Wainstalls. 

A  request  having  been  made  that  the  tramway  be  extended 
from  the  terminus  at  Skircoat  Green  along  the  new  road  to 
Dudmell  Lane,  the  Committee  has  passed  a  resolution  regretting 
its  inability  to  accede  to  the  request,  as  it  has  no  power  to  carry 
out  the  suggested  extension. 

Liverpool. — The  report  of  the  Corporation  tramways  for 
the  year  ended  December,  1912,  which  has  just  been  issued,  shows 
that  the  total  revenue  for  the  year  was  £668,220.  After  appor- 
tioning the  gross  profit,  the  amount  of  cet  profit  for  the  year  is 
£13.S.85T,  an  increase  of  £19,12.5  over  1911.  The  contribution  in 
relief  of  the  rates  is  £28,6S1  in  excess  of  the  amount  handed  over 
in  1911.  There  was  an  increase  in  the  traffic  receipts  of  £29,901. 
The  City  Council  will  consider  a  notice  of  motion,  in  the  name  of 
Councillor  Holt,  which  reads  :— "  That  it  be  an  instruction  to  the 
Tramways  and  Electric  Power  and  Lighting  Committee  to  consider 
the  practibility  of  utilising  the  tramway  systems  for  the  convey 
ance  of  goods  to  neighbouring  towns.  ' 

At  a  meeting,  which  the  public  were  invited  to  attend,  held  jn 
the  Pioton  Hall,  Liverpool,  last  Friday  evening,  to  protest  »e»iu»t 
what  was  described  as   "a  tranicar  scandal,"   a  resolution   was 


562 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE\TEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,R15,  Apkil  4,  1913. 


carried  emphatically  protesting  against  the  prevention  of  a  free 
dificussion  in  the  City  Council,  and  calling:  for  the  publication  of 
the  reports  of  the  tramways  manager  and  the  engineering  exp)ert9 
on  the  condition  of  the  care.  One  speaker  observed  that  Liverpool 
was  one  of  the  worst  manaped  towns  in  the  whole  of  Great  Britain, 
and  the  majority  of  the  members  bolstered  up  their  own  interests 
and  those  of  private  enterprises  to  the  detriment  of  the  public 
interest.  Another  speaker  declared  that  there  was  in  the  City 
Council  a  conspiracy  oj  silence  to  prevent  the  public  from  knowing 
the  condition  of  the  cars. 

Middlesex    C.C.   and   Its  Pas.sengers. — The  County 

Conncil  has  agreed,  provided  certain  necessary  approvals  are 
obtained,  that  '  while  no  dogs  or  other  animal"  shall  be  allowed 
inside  a  car,  they  can,  at  the  conductor's  discretion,  travel  on  top, 
"  but  must  be  carried  up  the  stairs.'  We  quote  the  Timex,  which 
concludes  its  paragraph  with  the  statement:  ''Dogs  or  other 
animals  must  be  {iccompanied  by  a  passenger."  We  trust  that  our 
canine  and  other  friends  will  take  note,  and  that  the  ladies  will 
not  claim  a  monopoly  of  the  inside  accommodation. 

Oldbam. — Tbe  past  year  has  been  a  record  one  for 
receipts,  number  of  passengers  cairied,  and  the  diminution  of 
working  expenses,  according  to  a  statement  made  by  Mr. 
Isherwood  (chairman  of  the  Oldham  Tramways  Committee)  last 
week.  The  total  receipts  for  the  year  ended  March  24th  were 
£107,083,  as  compared  with  £100,:-i64  for  the  previous  year,  an 
increase  of  £6,719.  The  profit  on  the  year's  working  was  £4,. 500, 
and  considering  that  the  wages  increase  during  the  year  added 
£1,400  to  that  item,  the  result,  in  Mr.  Isherwood's  view,  was  very 
good.  The  Committee  would  be  able  to  wipe  out  the  previous 
year's  loss  of  £2,413,  and  have  a  balance  of  £2,087.  lie  suggested 
that  the  balance  should  be  placed  to  a  reserve  renewal  account, 
and  mentioned  that  during  the  next  few  years  the  track  would 
require  a  good  deal  of  repairing  and  renewal.  During  the  year, 
104,^03  more  miles  had  been  ran  than  in  the  preceding  year,  but 
they  had  used  106,153  fewer  units,  and  the  resultant  saving  was 
£663.  The  saving  was  accounted  for  by  the  overhauling  of  cars 
and  equipment. 

Flymontb. — Up  to  March  15tb  the  total  income  from 
the  tramways  for  the  current  financial  year  amounted  to  £38,223, 
and  the  expenditure  to  £3.5,662,"  compared  with  £37,6.")1  and 
£3.i,13'.'  respectively. 

Staljbridice. — The  Joint  Tramway  and  Electricity  Board 
has  decided  that  14  additional  cars  be  fitted  with  the  Spencer 
mechanical  slipper  brake. 

U.S..4. — According  to  the  Klirtrical  World,  tbe  electrified 
zone  of  the  N'ew  York,  Xew  Haven  and  Hartford  Railroad  is 
expected  to  be  in  operation  to  Xew  Haven  some  time  in  May.  This 
will  more  than  double  the  railroad's  present  electrified  trackage, 
which  extends  from  Xew  York  City  to  Stamford.  The  Xew  Haven 
will  then  have  about  35  miles  under  electrical  operation,  including, 
besides  the  single  phase  equipment,  12  miles  of  third-rail  terminal 
tracks  entering  the  Park  Avenue  tunnel  and  Grand  Central  Station. 
Several  miles  of  overhead  construction  yet  remain  to  be  completed 
on  the  new  .'^tamford-Xew  Haven  extension. 

A  run  of  310  miles  was  made  last  month  by  a  new  Edison-Beach 
battery  car,  from  Xew  Y'ork  to  Boston.  The  car  was  50  ft.  long, 
and  weighed  31 J  tons  ;  its  equipment  included  four  20-H.r.  220- volt 
motors,  and  two  batteries  each  of  230  cells.  The  car  ran  the  first 
114  miles  (level)  at  an  average  speed  of  36  miles  an  hour,  and  on 
an  energy  consumption  of  37}  watt-tours  per  ton-raile.  Subse- 
quently a  hilly  route  was  followed  :  the  batteries  were  recharged 
once,  and  subsequently  received  a  thort  boost. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Britisli  Wireless  Stations. —  It  has  been  decided  to 
construct  small-power  stations  at  Barbados,  Momba'ta.  Penang, 
Singapore  and  Hong-Kong.  It  is  understood  that,  subject  to  the 
ne>.'es8ary  guarantees,  the  work  will  be  given  to  the  Anglo-French 
Wireless  Co.,  the  English  branch  of  the  Goldscbmidt  Co. 

France. — For  tbe  first  time  wireless  communication  was 
established  on  March  28th  between  the  Eifi'el  Tower  and  the 
s^tation  at  Arlingon,  near  Washington,  U.S.A.  The  power  of  the 
Eiffel  Tow(  r  station  is  to  be  increased  from  35  to  140  kw. 

Imperial  Wireless  Sjstem.— (Jn  Tiiursday  last  week 

the  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  Marconi 
contract  resumed  the  examination  of  the  Attorney-General,  who 
gave  further  evidpnce  with  regard  to  his  purchase  of  shares  in  the 
American  Marconi  Co.  He  stated  that  his  brother  Harry  convinced 
him  that  the  shares  were  likely  to  prove  a  good  investment,  and 
paid  that  he  considered  the  American  company't*  prospects  to  Ije 
unaffected  by  anything  that  might  happen  to  tbe  English  company. 
He  did  not  refer  to  his  dealings  in  American  shares  in  his  statement 
to   the  Hoase  of    Commons    on  0>:tober  11th,   1912,  because    be 


wishei  to  deal  solely  with  the  rumour  that  he  and  other  Ministers 
had  made  large  profits  out  of  the  rise  in  Marconi  shares  before 
March,  1912,  when  the  contract  was  accepted.  He  had  informed 
the  Prime  Minister  in  .Vugust  of  his  purchase.  He  would  not 
agree  that  his  sale  of  8,000  shares  could  possibly  have  been  the 
origin  of  the  rumours  which  had  been  published. 

The  examination  of  Sir  R  a f us  Isaacs  was  concluded  on  Priday 
The  Committee  resolved  not  to  permit  him  to  answer  the 
question  whether  he  had  made  any  communication  to  any 
member  of  the  Committee  of  the  fact  that  he  had  purchased 
shares  in  the  American  Marconi  Co.  He  stated  that  in  addition 
to  the  shares  which  Mr.  Lloyd  George  obtained  from  him,  part  of 
which  he  had  sold,  Mr.  George  had  bought  on  May  22nd  a  further 
batch  of  3,000  American  shares  on  his  own  account,  and  that  of 
the  Master  of  ELibank. 

Mr.  Lloyd  (Jeorge  afterwards  gave  evidence.  He  said  he  took 
little  part  in  the  negotiations  for  the  contract,  having  his  hands 
full  in  other  ways,  but  wae  prepared  to  defend  the  contract,  for 
which  he  took  full  responsibility.  He  was  on  terms  of  intimate 
friendship  with  the  Attorney-General  and  the  Master  of  Elibank, 
and  it  was  for  that  reason  that  he  took  part  in  the  purchase  of 
American  Marconi  shares,  on  the  assurance  of  Sir  Rufus  Isaacs  that 
the  American  company  had  no  interest  in  any  contracts  between 
the  British  company  and  the  Briti.sh  Government.  He  then  con- 
firmed the  statements  of  the  Attorney-General  regarding  the  pur- 
chase of  shares,  and  said  that  the  net  result  was  that  he  still  held 
1,643  shares,  and  had  lost  at  present  prices  about  £."^00.  It  was  not 
true  that  he  had  made  large  sums  by  speculation.  He  purchased 
the  Marconi  shares  on  April  17th  because  he  thought  they  were  a 
good  investment.  On  April  20th  he  sold  1.000  shares  (for  himself 
and  the  Master  of  Elibank).  The  shares  were  resold  before  they 
were  delivered. 

On  Monday  the  examination  of  Mr.  Lloyd  George  was  concluded, 
dealing  mainly  with  points  of  minute  detail.  He  said  that  apart 
from  the  transactions  described,  he  had  had  no  dealings  in  Marconi 
shares.  The  Po8tmast«r-General  afterwards  made  a  statement 
confirming  his  evidence  in  the  case  against  Le  Matin.  The  Com- 
mittee sat  again  on  Wednesday. 

In  the  course  of  his  statement  on  the  Xaval  Estimates  last 
week,  Mr.  Winston  Churchill  said  that  the  development  of 
wireless  telegraphy  in  seagoing  ships  and  in  the  shore  stations 
of  the  Admiralty  had  during  the  year  been  very  satisfactory. 
Good  progress  had  been  made,  and  the  immense  utility  of  wire- 
less fully  justified  the  considerable  sum  spent  last  year  and 
the  still  more  considerable  sum  included  in  the  Estimates  for 
this  year.  In  one  respect,  however,  Admiralty  intere.sts  had 
suffered  a  grave  and,  to  some  extent,  irreparable  loss.  The  delay 
in  ratifying  the  Marconi  agreement,  and  the  consequent  prevention 
of  all  progress  in  the  Imperial  chain  of  wireless  stations,  had 
deprived  us  of  the  advantages  in  regard  to  wave  length  and  priority 
which  we  had  hoped  to  gain  through  being  first  in  the  fiel^,  and 
now  that  the  company  had  refused  to  carry  out  the  contract,  and 
since  it  was  manifestly  impossible  to  compel  them  to  do  so,  new 
arrangements  of  a  different  character  would  have  to  be  devised, 
and  it  was  possible  that  additional  charges  would  ba  incurred  by 
the  public.  Xo  step,  however,  which  would  now  be  taken  could  put 
us  back  into  the  position  which  had  been  lost. 

Rnral  Telephones. — In  answer  to  a  question,  Captain 
Xorton  stated  in  the  House  of  Commons  that  about  900  agreements 
for  rnral  party  lines  had  been  accepted,  and  by  the  end  of  February 
about  450  subscribers  were  using  the  service.  Proposals  under 
consideration  would  provide  for  approximately  5o0  more  subscribers. 
Some  delay  had  arisen  recently  in  dealing  with  applications  for 
such  lines  owing  to  the  necessity  for  applying  to  the  Treasury  for 
authority  to  exceed  the  experimental  grant  of  £10,000. 

The    Telephone   Transfer. — Replying  to  a  question, 

the  Postmaster-Greneral  stated  that  about  80  members  of  the  elec- 
trical staff  transferred  from  the  Xational  Telephone  Co.,  out  of  a 
total  of  over  [1,300,  had  resigned  from  the  service  since  the 
transfer. 

Thefts  from  Call-Bo.\es. — In  consequence  of  thefts 
from  cash  boxes  in  public  telephone  call  offices  in  Birmingham, 
the  authorities  invented  an  apparatus  which  caused  a  bell  to  ring 
when  the  lid  of  the  cash  box  was  opened.  By  this  means  a  man 
named  Charles  PoUett  was  cap'.ured  last  week,  and  he  was  com- 
mitted for  trial. 

I'nited  States. — The  report  of  the  Xew  York  Telephone 
Co ,  for  the  year  1912,  on  the  combined  operating  results  of  the 
company  and  its  associated  companies,  shows  total  telephone 
earnings  565,632,688,  telephone  Pipen=es  ?I8,461,690.75,  net 
telephone  earnings  §17,170.999.77  ;  add  other  income  8 1,51 0,072"57, 
miking  total  net  earnings  §18,6si, 170.34.  After  deducting 
interest  charges  and  dividends  declared  a  balance  of  $5. 492, 161. 77 
is  carried  as  surplus  and  reserves.  Including  the  associated  con- 
necting companies,  there  were  in  service  in  the  whole  system  at 
the  end  of  the  year  1,756,343  stations,  an  increase  of  232.319 
stations. 

Arrsingements  are  being  made  between  the  American  and  Russian 
Governments  for  the  establishment  of  a  regular  wireless  service 
across  Behring  Sea,  which  will  ensure  telegraphic  communication 
between  America  and  Asia  at  all  times,  even  in  the  event  of  inter- 
ruption of  the  cable  service.  The  project,  it  is  said,  taken  in  con- 
nection with  the  existing  trans- Atlantic  radio  service,  completes 
the  circuit  of  the  globe  by  this  mean*  of  communication.— ./o«/-«<jZ 
o>'  Elfcfririti/,  Power  and  Ga». 


Vol.  72.    No.  l.sif,,  A  Pill  I,  I,  i;m:i.  I 


TnR    KLECTRICATi    REVIEW. 


Ofi.'i 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Australia. — Mhj  14th.  (ieneratinK  plant  for  Darwin 
Radiot«IPKrivph  Station,  Northern  Territory.  See  "Odlcial  NoticeH" 
to  day. 

ViCTOlilA  -  May  :tOth.  Hif^h-tenHion  switchfroar  with  remote 
control,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.  See  " Official  Noticen" 
March  -'sth. 

April  ir>th. — 1,02(1,0(10  arc  lamp  carbon",  2('i.'.'00  earbon-filnment 
incandescent  lamps,  and  bare  hard-drawn  copper  cables,  tor  the 
Melbourne  City  Council.     See  "  Official  Notices"  March  28th. 

Sydnkv.-  May  12th.  Fibre  conduit  for  the  City  Council. 
May  26th.-  -Meters  and  jrlazed  stoneware  bridges.  July  7th. — Arc 
lamp  carbons.  Specifications  IDs.  (id.  for  each  nectioii,  from  City 
Electrical  Knuineer's  Department.-  Auslnil'uin  Minimi  Slauiliiril. 

Tasma.nia. — June  !lth.  Telepraph  and  telephone  material  for 
the  P.M.(i.'8  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

QOEENSLANi). — May  2l8t.  Copper  wire  and  accessories,  for  the 
I'.M.G.'s  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

AjT. — Corporation  tramways.  Tenders  for  work  in  con- 
nection with  Ilawk  Hill  extension— permanent  way  construction, 
road  wideninpr,  &o.     Mr.  J.  Younp,  engineer.  Town  Buildin^irs,  Ayr. 

Blackpool. — High  and  low-tension  cables  and  trans- 
former switch  pillars.     See  "'Official  Notices  '  March  Uth. 

Bradford.^ — April  1 7th.  Three-phase  and  continuous 
current  awitchgear  for  two  sub-stations,  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"Official  .Notices"  today. 

Bnenos  Ayres. — .Vpril  15tli.  Supply  of  motors,  cables, 
dynamos  and  other  accessories  for  motive  power.  Oficina  de  la 
Direccion  General  de  Minas,  Geologia  e  Hidrologia,  Buenos  Ayres. 

Chorley. — Board  of  Guardians.  Tenders  for  a  complete 
telephone  installation  for  the  workhouse. 

Dandee. — Tlia  Corporation  electricity  department  invites 
tenders  for  the  supply  of  steel  sashes  and  frames,  and  for  the 
supply  and  erection  of  opening  casements,  for  extensions  at 
Carolina  Port  generating  station.  Mr.  H.  Richardson,  general 
manager  and  engineer. 

Edinburgh, — Electric  lighting  for  the  new  Veterinary 

College  buildings  at  Summerhall.  Mr.  D.  M'Arthy,  architect,  25, 
Frederick  Street,  Edinburgh.     Deposit  two  gnineas,  returnable. 

France. —  Paris. —  The  Administration  des  Cheniins  do 
Fer  de  I'Etat  invites  tenders  for  the  supply  of  three  electrical 
traversers.      Particulars,  43,  Rue  de  Rome,  Paris. 

Germany. — HiNovER. — April  15th.  Tenders  are  invited 
for  the  supply  of  the  plant  in  eight  lots  for  the  hydroelectric 
station  in  the  Eiler  Valley,  comprising  two  3,000-h.p.  double-spiral 
Francis  turbines  and  two  ],.')"i0.h.p.  ditto,  with  governors,  A:c.. 
turbine  piping,  four  6,000-volt  three-phase  generators,  two  rotary 
converters  and  a  storage  battery,  three  6,000-kw.  oil  transformers 
for  t;,000/.5.5,O0O  volts  transmission  lines,  two  2.5-ton  hand  cranes  of 
2.5  metres  radius,  and  a  completely  fitted  switchboard.  Particulars 
and  drawings  of  all  the  items  save  the  switchboard  may  be  obtained 
on  application  enclosing  15  marks  (for  the  switchboard  20  marks) 
to  the  Koaiglichen  Maschinenbau  Amt,  Hannover,  Brandstrasse,  1. 

Glamorgan. — April  lOth.  Electric  plant,  wiring,  &c., 
for  the  Training  College  now  erecting  at  Barry  for  the  Glamorgan 
County  Council.  Plans,  &c.,  to  be  seen  at  office  of  the  Clerk  to  the 
Council,  at  the  Glamorgan  County  Hall,  Cardiff. 

Glasgow. — The  Tramways  Sub-Committee  on  Works  and 
Stores  of  the  T.C.  is  inviting  offers  required  under  the  annual 
contracts.  Mr.  James  Dalrymple,  general  manager,  Headquarters, 
Bath  Street. 

Reigllley. — («)  Foundation  work  for  a  2.000-KW.  turbo- 
alternator  and  condensing  plant  at  the  electricity  works  ;  (*)  rolled 
steel  joists  in  connection  with  the  above.  Drawings  and  specifica- 
tions obtainable  from  Mr.  H,  Webber,  Borough  Electrical  Engineer, 
Coney  Lane,  Keighley. 

Ley  ton. — Tenders  are  to  be  invited  for  n^clers.  and  for 
one  mile  of  '2  and  \  mile  each  of  '02.)  aiid  '0.2.5  cable,  for  the 
Council. 

The  Education  Committee  invites  tenders  for  wiring  the  Church 
Road  school  extension. 

Limerick. — April  lOth.  Stores  and  materials  for  a  year, 
for  the  Borough  electricity  department.  See  "'  Official  Notices " 
March  28th. 

Lisnaskea    (Co.    Fermanaftli).  —  April    iith.      (ias 

engine  and  suction  gas  plant,  dynamo  and  booster,  battery,  wood 
poles,  overhead  mains,  \c.,  and  switchboard,  for  the  Lisnaskea 
Electric  Light  Co.,  Ltd.     See  '■  Official  Notices  '  March  28th. 

London. — L.C.C. — April  15th.  Electrical  installation 
at  Jeffryes"  Almshouses,  Shoreditch.     See  '  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

April  23rd.— Electrical  installation  at  Shadwell  High  Street 
Special  Sihool.    See  ' Official  Notices"  to-day. 

FuLHAM.— April  23rd.  6,000  tons  of  nutty  slack  coal,  for  the 
B.C.  Electricity  Works.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day, 


.^ancliCKter.  —  Ajiril      l.')th.       TramwayB     ( 'omroitUK. 

TeiidorH   for  ro'ifliig  fivor  of  svnnuKx  at.   th»!   Hyrlf  Hn%A  R»r  work*, 
Man<:huHter.      .Mr.  J.  .M.  McKlroy.  G..nitriil  .Manuifcr. 

April  l.Mh.— («;  Tramway  rail  bond",  ih)  Harddrnwn  ncpp«r 
trolley  win;  ;  (c)  Steel  tramway  pile*  ;  dl)  Span  driv»>  braoketa  for 
tramway  pole*  ;  (r)  Oranitr;  Hcttd.  Mr.  A.  M.  .McElroy  Oen«Tr»I 
Manager.     Kor  (r)  and  (<l)  a  dei)OMit  of  *1  1h.  i<  rvjnirod. 

>orway.  —  The  NorwefiHii  Telcf^rapli  authoritiefl  in 
(/'hriHtiuiiia  have  jiiiit  invited  tendern  for  the  iiupply  of  40A  tr>n*  of 
iron  wire  and  .57  kilometres  of  itoel  wire  and  lead-oorered  cable*, 
for  the  telegraph  service. 

April  1 1th.— 7('.,. 100  kg.  galvaniiied  iron  wire:  IM.fKK)  innulutorii 
and  7,000  metrcH  of  rubber-insulated  coppJT  wire,  for  .N'orwevian 
State  Uiilways.  Apply  TelegrafinHpckturenH  kontor.  Ht«nerpg»t«n, 
H   -IV,  (^hristiania  ;  also  IS<iard  of  Trwlc  Com.  int«:l.  Dcpt.,  London. 

Mary borouKli. — April  ;ith.  l,120-amp.-lionr  acnirnu- 
lator,  for  the  District  Asylum.     See  "Official  .Noticoi "  March  2>*tb. 

Salford. — April  lOtli.  Ivxtra-high-tcnsion  RwitchKcar, 
for  the  Corporation,     See  "Official  NoticeH"  March  2-<lh. 

Stalyhridfce. — 4,r)00  yards  k.u.t.  thrcc-coce  lead-covered 
cable.     See  "Official  Notices"  March  Kth. 

Stockton-on-Tees.  April  loth.  One  200-kw.  rotary 
converter,  transformer  and  starting  apparatus,  for  the  Corporation. 
.See  "  Official  Notices  '"  to-day. 

lork. — April  \)l\\.  The  Board  of  Ouardians  is  prepared 
to  receive  tenders  for  (IJ  a  dug  well  round  an  existing  bore  hole, 
an  additional  cast-iron  liner  down  the  bore  hole,  a  deep-well  pump 
for  5,000  gallons  per  hour,  and  two  small  centrifugal  pumps  and 
electric  motors ;  and  (2)  wat«r-softening  plant  (without  beat) 
dealing  with  5,000  gallons  per  hour.  Tenders  to  the  Clerk  (Mr. 
Gkorge  Sykes),  Union  Offices,  Museum  Street,  York. 


CLOSED. 

Belgium. — Five  (ierman  and  three  Belgian  concerns  suV>- 
mitted  tenders  last  week  to  the  Belgian  Post  and  Telegraph 
authorities  in  Brussels  for  the  supply  of  a  large  quantity  of  tele- 
graph cables.  For  one  lot  the  lowest  tender  was  that  of  the  Societ<' 
A.E.G.  Union  Electriciue,  and  for  the  second  lot  the  Siemens  and 
Halske  Co.  quoted  the  lowest  price. 

Besbill-on-Sea. — The  T.C.  has  renewed  for  a  period  of 
ten  years  the  agreement  with  Tudor  Accumulator  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the 
maintenance  of  batteries,  at  £  70  a  year. 

Busliey. — The  I'.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Stuart  it  Moore,  of  Ealing,  W.,  for  the  installation  of  electric  fire 
alarms,  at  £63  lOs.  per  annum,  for  seven  years. 

France. — The  French  State  Railway  authorities  in  Paris 
have  just  placed  a  contract  with  La  Socit'ti'  Alsacienne  de  Con- 
structions Mecaniques  de  Belfort,  for  the  supply  of  1.350  metres  of 
electric  cables. 

Gloucester. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Rnscoe,  of  Hyde,  for  mechanical  stokers  at  the  electricity  works,  at 
£19.5. 

Haslino'den. — The  T.C,  on  March  27th,  approved  of  the 
following  tenders  for  the  erection  of  machinery,  &o.,  at  the  sub- 
station : — 

British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.— Rotary  converter. 

Ferranti,  Ltd. — Switchboard  panel,  lecording  voltmeter  and  charts. 

Chloride  Electiical  Co.— Extension  of  tramway  switchboard. 

Siemens  Bros.— Additional  feeder  cable. 

Heston  and  Islewortli,  and  Belfast. — ^Messrs.  Cham- 
berlain i  Hookham  have  received  contracts  for  meters  from  the 
Councils  of  Heston  and  Isleworth  and  Belfast. 

Hornsey. — The  D.C.  has  decided  to  place  a  contract  with 
Messrs.  Isaria,  Ltd.,  for  electricity  meters. 

llford.  —  The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  following 
tenders  :  — 

Electromotors,  Lt<i.— Middle-wire  reversible  bioster,  £51. 
Wardle  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.— Electric  light  fittings  for  centrallr  lighting 
High  Road. 

The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  for  annual  supplies  :— 

Main  cables.— Cnicn  Cable  Co. 

Arc  lamp  carbons.— J.  A-   H.  Grevener,  and  Bloan  Electrical  Co.,    Ltd. 

("  Couradty'  make). 
Incandescent  lamps.— Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  and  Crjselco, 

Ltd. 
Meters.- Ferranti,   Ltd.;   British  Ihcnison-Houston   Co.,  Ltd.;   Siemens 

Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd  ;  Isaria,  Ltd. 
House  service  fuse  boxes'. —W.  Lucy  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  \V.  T.  Henleys  Tele 

graph  Works  Co  ,  Ltd, 
Joint  boxc».— W.  Liu->  A.  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  following  tenders  have  Ucu  accepted  for  tramway 
supplies  : — 

General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— Lampholders,  tatten  holders  and  tares. 

R.  \V.  BiBckwell  &  Co.— P.  and  B.  tapes. 

Lb  Carhone.— Carbon  brushes. 

British  Westinghouee  Cj.— Annataro  ooiU. 

Kendal. — The  Westmorland  County  Council  has  accepted 
the  tender  of  Messrs.  R.  Hadwon  &  Son,  of  Kendal,  for  the  electrical 
installation  at  the  Allen  Technical  Jpfititute  at  Kendal. 


564 


THE    ELECTKICAL    KEVIEW.        [Voi.  n.  No.  i,8«,  apbil  4, 1913. 


Leyton. — The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Wm.  Cory  k  Son,  Ltd.,  for  Shipley  fine  slack  coal  for  the  electricity 
works,  at  138.  lOd.  per  ton,  for  a  year. 

Liverpool. — The  tender  of  the  Compania  Fabril  de 
Carbons  Electros,  per  Mr.  C.  W.  Webster,  Bradford,  has  been 
accepted  by  the  T.C.  for  an  annual  supply  of  tiame  arc  lamp 
carbons. 

London. — Lewisham. — The  following  tenders  were  before 
the  Guardians  at  their  meetiner  on  Monday  for  electrical  instal- 
lation work  at  the  Infirmary  and  the  Workhouse : — 

InBrmary.  Workhouse. 

Bmeeton  A  Page          £1,192  jei.OOS 

Chapman  4  Co.           1,800  1,900 

Haycraft  &  Sons          875  759 

Kills  &  Ward,  Ltd 1,380  1.095 

Alliance  Electric  Store,  Ltd 998  970 

V.  G.  Middleton          1,050  1,900 

A.  J.  Ewens 749  875 

Weston  S  Sons            909  640 

Tredegar  &  Co.           8G6  668 

Watson  &  Co 1,347  1,186 

W.  R.  Reynolds,  Ltd (accepted)  479  449 

A.  K.  Elamet 92T>  1,039 

Btegmann  &  Co 1,127  897 

Cozens,  Ltd 1,219  1,010 

Malcolm  i!t  Allan,  Ltd 1,505  1,304 

Baville  4  Walton        940  797 

L.  Sunderland  Co 1,400  1,050 

The  tender  of  Messrs.  W.  R.  Reynolds,  of  East  Ham,  was  accepted. 
In  the  event  of  the  firm  not  agreeing'  to  carry  out  the  contract,  the 
Board  decided  that  the  wiring  of  the  Infirmary  should  be  done  by 
Mr.  A.  J.  Ewens,  and  the  Workhouse  by  Messrs.  Weston  iV  Sons. 

FuLiiAM  — The  Falham  Board  of  Guardians  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  the  Hart  Accumulator  Co..  Ltd.,  for  the  supply  of  a  storage 
battery  of  h:p2  cells  rerjuired  for  the  Fulham  Workhouse. 

Laton, — For  Council,  Brush  Electrical  Engineering 
Co.,  Ltd.,  two  1,000-KW.  turbo-alternators  and  condensers,  £9,200. 

9laidenliead, — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
Crynant  Colliery  Co.  for  1,000  tons  of  coal  for  the  electricity  works, 
at  kX  Is.  lOd.  per  ton. 

Plymontli. — The  Borough  Surveyor  reported  to  the 
Tramways  Committee  that  he  had  communicated  with  four  firms 
for  the  purpose  of  abtaininpr  quotations  for  the  supply  of  100  tons 
of  tramway  rails.  Two  of  the  firms  had  declined  to  submit  a  price, 
beinp  too  busy,  and  the  other  two  had  submitted  prices  which  were 
subject  to  acceptance  within  seven  days.  After  communicating: 
with  the  Chairman,  and  with  his  authority,  he  had  accepted  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  Walter  Scott,  Ltd.,  at  £8  10s.  per  ton.  The 
surveyor's  action  was  confirmed. 

Salfurd. — The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  by 
the  T.C.  — 

Oeneral  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— Three  rotary  converters  and  static  trans- 
formers, £6,200. 

Bertram  Thomas.— Extension  of  lighting  and  power  switohboard  at  elec- 
tricity aiation,  £438;  supply  of  extra  feeder  panels,  if  required,  ±54 
each. 

Soothend-on-Sea. — The  contract  for  poles,  brackets,  &c., 

mentioned  last  week,  was  placed  with  Messrs.  Watlinpton  it  Co  not 
Worth  ington  \-  Co.  as  stated  in  our  last  issue. 

Staljbridjre. — The  .Joint  Tramway  and  Electricity  Board 
has  accepted  the  tender  of  Slessrs.  Wm.  Storrs,  Sons  in  Co..  Ltd , 
for  the  erection  of  a  chimney  at  the  generating  station. 

Traction  Lamps. — ^lessi-s.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Work?, 
Ltd.,  have  obtained  a  contract  from  Messrs.  Balfour,  Beatty  &  Co. 
for  the  supply  of  traction  lamps  (tantalum  and  Wotan)  for  the  fol- 
lowing tramways  for  12  months:  —  Luton,  Llanelly,  Dartford. 
Carlisle,  Leamington  and  Warwick,  Notts  and  Derby. 

Walthanistow. — The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
the  Brush  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  £3,47><,  for  the 
pupply  of  four  additional  tramcars,  and  the  tenders  of  Messrs. 
Chamberlain  <t  Hookham  and  Messrs.  Ferranti  for  meters  for  the 
ensuing  year. 

Warriog:ton. — The  British  Westinghonse  Co.,  Ltd.,  has 
received  an  order  from  the  T.C,  for  a  25-H.i'.  motor. 
The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  by  the  T.C, :  — 

Brash  Electrical  Engineerini;  Co.,  Ltd. — Transformers, 

General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. — Direct-current  motors. 

British  Thomson-Houston  Co  ,  Ijtd.— Alternating-current  motors. 

Worcester. — The  City  Council  has  placed  a  contract  with 
B.I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.,  for  cables  for  three  years. 

Wre.\hani. — The  following  tenders  for  the  supply  of 
materials  to  the  electricity  works  have  lieen  accepted  : — 

Reason  Manufacturing  Co.  -Miniature  electrolytic  meters. 
CdiBon  A  Swan  United  Electric  Light  Co.— Carbon-fUameDt  lampb. 
Jas.  Light  4  Son,  Ltd.— Crank  chamber  oil. 
Henry  ^VeU6  Oil  Co.— Cylinder  oil. 
Wm.  Hughes.— Boll«r  solution. 
Barton  i  Co.— Slacli. 

The  Committee  has  also  accepted  the  following  tenders ;  — 
British  Westingbouse  Co. — Condenser,  £160. 
H.  Davios.— Erection  of  sluice  gates,  £76. 

Yanuouth.— The  tender  of  Messrs.  Walter  Scott  &  Co., 
Ltd.,  has  been  accepted  by  the  T.C.  for  ISO  tons  of  steel  tramway 
rails,  at  £8  28.  6d.,  as  has  also  the  tender  of  Messrs.  John  Baker 
and  Co.  (Rotherham),  Ltd.,  (or  HO  steel  tires,  at  3^8.  (id.  each. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


Electro-Harmonic  Society.—  Tonight.  At  t  p.m.  King's  Hall,  Holborn 
Keetaiirant.     Liast  Smoker  of  the  season. 

Salford  Technical  and  Engineering  Society.— Saturday,  April  6th.  At 
7  pin.  At  the  Royal  Technical  Institute,  Salford.  Paper  on  "Modem  Oas 
Engines, "  by  Mr.  K.  Cox. 

Association  of  Engineers-ln-Charge.- Saturday,  April  5th.  At  8  p  m.  Visit 
to  the  works  of  the  Westminster  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Horsferry 
Road. 

Wednesday,  April  9th.— At  8  p.m.  At  St.  Bride's  Institut?,  E.G.  Paper 
on  "  Notes  on  the  Design  and  Economy  of  Diesel  Oil  Engines, "  by  Capt. 
H.  Riall  Sankey. 

Saturday,  April  12th.— Annual  Dinner. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Scottish  Section).  — The  annual 
general  meeting  is  postponed  from  April  Blh  to  April  15th. 

(Newcastle  Students'  Section).— Monday,  April  7th.  At  7.30  p.m. 
At  the  Armstrong  College,  Newcastle.  Paper  on  " Notes  on  the  Operation 
of  Three-Phase  Transformers,"  by  Mr.  R.  0.  Phillip. 

(Manchester  Section).— Tuesday,  April  etb.  At  7.80  p.m.  At  the 
University.  Manchester.  Annual  general  meeting  and  lecture  by  Prof.  E. 
Rnth<!i(ord. 

(Birmingham  Section).— Wednesday,  April  9th.  Meeting  at  the 
University,  Birmingham. 

(Newcastle  Section).— W'ednesday,  April  Sth.  At  7  pm.  At  the 
Lit.  and  Phil  ,  Middlesbrough.  Paper  on^' Power  Supply  on  the  Band,"  by 
Mr.  A.  E.  Hadley.   Afternoon  visit  to  the  works  of  the  Skinningrove  Iron  Co. 

(London).— Tbusday,  April  10th.  At  8  p.m.  "  Self-Synchronising 
Machines.  '  by  Dr.  E.  Rosenberg. 

(Dublin  Section).— Thursday,  April  10th.     Meeting  at  8  p.m.    At  the 

Royal  College  of  8.;ienoe,  Dublin. 

Society  of  Engineers.— Monday,  April  7th.  At  7.80  p.m.  At  the  I.E.E. 
Paper  on  "The  Status  of  Engineers  and  Engineering,  with  Special 
Reference  to  Consulting  Engineers,"  by  Mr.  'W.  Ransom. 

Royal  Society  of  Arts.— Wednesday.  April  9th.  AtSp.m.  Paper  on  "  Elec- 
tricity Supply  in  London,"  by  Mr.  F.  Bailey. 

Junior  Institution  of  Engineers.— Friday,  April  11th.  At  39,  Victoria  Street, 
B.W.  Paper  on  "  Methods  of  RegulatinK  and  controlling  Working  of  Elec- 
tric Accumulators,"  by  Mr.  G.  C.  Allingham. 

Physical  Society.— Friday,  April  nth.  At  8  p.m.  At  the  Imperial  College 
ot  Science,  South  Kensington,  S.W.  Papers  on  "  Some  Errors  in  Magnetic 
Testing  due  to  Elastic  Strain,"  by  Messrs.  A.  Campbell  and  H.  C.  Booth, 
and  •■  Note  on  Cathodio  Spluttering,"  by  Dr.  G.  W.  C.  Kaye. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  OfiBoer— Libut.-Col,  H.  M.  Leap. 
The  following  orders  have  been  issned  : — 

Monday,    April    7ih.— "A"   Company.      Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Tnesday,  April  Eth.— "B"  Company.    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Thursday,  April  10th.— "C"   Company.      Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Friday,  April  11th.—"  D  "  Company.    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Saturday,  April  12th.— Headquarters  will  be  opened  for  regimental  business 
from  10  a.m.  till  noon. 

(Signed)         J.  H.  S.  Phillips,  Major. 

For  OCBcer  commanding  L.E.B, 


NOTES. 


The    Electro-Harnionlc    Society.— To-night  the  last 

Smoking:  Concert  of  the  season  will  be  held  at  the  Holborn  Res- 
taurant (King's  Hall),  commencing-  at  8  o'clock.  The  artistes  are 
as  follow  :  Vocalists — Mr,  Henry  Tampenny  (tenor).  Mr.  Peter 
Dawson  (baritone)  :  Humorists — Mr.  Dutch  Daly,  Mr.  Ben  Osborne  ; 
Orifrinal  Character  Sketches — Mr.  Stacy  Aumonier  ;  Entertainer  at 
the  Piano— Mr.  Harrison  Hill ;  Humorous  Recitations — Mr.  Walter 
Churcher  ;  Banjo  Solo — Mr.  Oily  Oakley  ;  Entertainer— Mr.  Hewson 
Brown  ;  Piano  Solo  and  Accompanist — Mr.  Bernard  Flanders, 
A.R.A.M. 

Copper. — In  the  course  of  his  speech  on  the  difficulties 
of  the  year  1912,  the  chairman  of  the  United  Alkali  Co.,  Ltd., 
mentioned  that  they  had  to  pay  about  £70,000  more  for  coal  and 
other  articles  than  in  the  previous  year,  and  prices  had  been  per- 
manently increased.  The  average  price  of  copper,  he  said,  had  been 
about  £18  per  ton  higher.  The  position  for  1913  was  difficult  for 
the  company  as  they  could  not  raise  their  selling  prices. 

Faraday  House  Old   Students'  Association.  —  The 

Aunual  Dinner  of  this  Association  will  be  held  at  the  Hotel  Cecil 
(Victoria  Hall),  on  Friday,  April  llth,  at  7  (for  7.30  p.m.),  with 
the  president,  Mr.  Haydn  T.  Harrison,  M.I.E.E.,  in  the  chair.  Any 
Fanidiant  desirous  of  attending,  who  have  not  received  a  notice, 
are  requested  to  communicate  with  the  hon.  secretary,  F.H.O.S.A., 
Faraday  House,  Southampton  Row,  London,  W.C, 

Will. — According  to  the  Times,  the, late  Sir .'W'ilLiam  H. 
White  left  estate  of  the  gross  value  of  £38,377,  of  which  the  n«t 
personalty  has  been  sworn  at  iS34,699. 


Vol.  7:!.    No.  l,Mif,,  Ariur,  1,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


66  r 


l.N.E.A.  Preliminary   l*ro|2:raiiinu>. — 'i'lie  oi^^litconili 

annual  Convention  of  tlio  Incorporated  Muiiiuipul  Kluutrical  AnHooia- 
tion  will  be  held  in  London  in  .lune.  and  tho  following  proKraninio 
haa  been  arranged  tentatively  :  — 
Tvmlin/,  ./line  Mlli. 
lO.O  a.m.— Oprninir   of  tho   Convention    iit   the    InHtitution    of 
Electrical  Enirineeri".     (1)  AddrcHH  by  Mr.  C.  V,.  C.  Bhawliuld, 
ex-Prosident,  late  chief  electrical  pn(f  inter,   Wolverbttmpton  ; 
(2)  Paper  on   "Prime    Mover«,"    by    Dr.    S.    /,.  de   Forranti, 
Past  President  I.K.E.,  to  be  followed  by  a  diBouBnion. 
1.0  p.m.-  Luncheon  interval. 
2.30  p.m. — ViBits  to  the  West  Ham   Electricity  WorkB  and  works 
of  the  London  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  Deptford. 

10.0  am. — Meeting  at  the  Institution   of    Electrical   Engineers. 
DiscuBHion   (members   and   delcg-atcs   only).     Subject   to  be 
announced. 
1.0  p.m.-  Luncheon  interval. 
2. HO  p.m. — Visit  to  London  Electric  Railway  Power  Station,  Lot's 
Road,  Chelsea. 
7.0    p.m.-   Annual   dinner.   Hotel   Cecil.      Members,    delegat«8, 
visitors  and  ladies. 
Tliursilaii,  June  \9tl(. 
10,0  a.m.- -Special  train  from  Waterloo. 

11,0  a.m. — Meetinp  at  the  Empire  Theatre,  Kinf(flton-upon- 
Thames.  (1)  Paper  on  "Electric  VehicleB,"  by  Mr.  A.  H. 
Seabrook,  member  of  Council,  and  Messrs.  W.  Watson,  and 
R.  J.  Mitchell.  (2)  Paper  on  "  Air  Filtration,"  by  Mr.  .1. 
Christie,  Past  President,  chief  electrical  engineer,  Brighton. 
1.30  p.m. — Luncheon  interval. 

3.0  p.m. — River  trip  to  Walton  and  Hampton  Court,  &c. 
Frhlaij,  .Iitni  20t/i. 

10.0  a.m. — Meeting  at  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers. 
(1)  Annual  general  meeting  to  receive  the  Council's  annual 
report  and  the  auditor's  report  and  balance-sheet,  elect  the 
officers  and  Council,  and  transact  other  business.  (2)  Special 
general  meeting  to  revise  the  articles  of  association. 

Saturday.  June  2\st. 

10.0  a.m. — It  is  hoped  that  it  may  be  possible  to  arrange  for  a 
visit  to  the  Metropolitan  Water  Board's  new  pumping  plant  at 
Chingford. 

The  headquarters  of  the  Association  will  be  the  Hotel  Cecil,  and 
mcmbfirs  are  advised  to  book  their  rooms  there  or  elsewhere  at  once, 
as  it  will  be  difficult  to  obtain  accommodation  later.  The  attend- 
ance of  ladies  accompanying  members  and  delegates  will  be  welcomed 
at  the  annual  dinner  and  the  visit  to  Kingston.  An  official  pro- 
gramme will  be  issued  in  due  course,  and  in  the  meantime  all 
communications  should  be  addressed  to  Mr.  C.  McArthnr  Butler, 
2S,  Bedford  Square,  London,  W.C. 

Manchester  Electro-Harmonic  Society, — The  closing 

concert  of  the  first  season  of  this  Society  was  held  last  Friday  even- 
ing. There  was  an  attendance  of  something  like  120,  and  the 
meeting  was  under  the  chairmanship  of  Mr.  Sells.  We  hear  that 
the  musical  items  were  exceptionally  well  received,  notably  the 
singing  of  "  The  Erl  King,"  by  Mr.  Bridge  Peters.  Mr.  F.  S.  Sells, 
in  the  course  of  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  President,  Mr.  Pearce, 
remwked  that  the  Society  was  exceptionally  fortunate  in  having  a 
gentleman  of  Mr.  Pearoes  standing  as  its  president,  who,  not- 
withstanding that  he  was  an  exceptionally  busy  man,  had  taken 
great  interest  in  the  Society.  Another  notable  point  was  that  the 
Society,  which  only  started  in  October  last  with  a  membership 
of  70.  had  now  increased  that  membership  to  170.  Mr.  Sells  made 
an  earnest  appaal  to  each  of  the  members  to  endeavour  to  get 
at  least  two  new  members,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  Society  will  com- 
mence next  season  with  at  least  300  members.  A  vote  of  thanks 
was  proposed  by  Alderman  Walker  (vice-chairman  of  the  Electri- 
city Committee)  and  seconded  by  Mr.  William  Cramp,  to  the  musical 
director,  Mr.  W.  J.  Smith,  the  Eearetary,  and  the  treasurer.  Each  of 
these  gentlemen  responded,  and  a  successful  season  was  brought 
to  a  close  with  "  Auld  Lang  Syne."' 

Parliamentary. — Safety    LAMPs.^Sir    Fred.   Cawley 

asked  the  Home  Secretary  whether  he  had  done  anything  to  meet 
the  complaints  of  safety-lamp  manufacturers  that  they  were 
charged  a  high  fee  for  having  lamps  tested,  whilst  for  testing 
lamps  in  Germany.  France  and  Austria  there  was  no  charge,  and 
that  the  testing  station  was  not  accessible  and  caused  inconveni- 
ence ;  and  whether  he  would  say  under  what  statute  the  Government 
had  power  to  levy  fees  for  testing  safety  lamps.  Mr.  McKenna  said  it 
had  been  found  possible,  in  view  of  the  large  number  of  lamps 
which  the  makers  proposed  to  submit,  to  make  substantial  reduc- 
tions in  the  fees  as  originally  fixed.  The  fees  were  so  fixed  as 
merely  to  cover  the  expenditure  actually  incurred  in  connection 
with  the  testing  of  a  lamp,  and  no  statutory  authority  was  required 
for  charging  the  fees.  The  testing  station  was  established  at 
Eskmeals  because  the  Home  Office  already  had  an  experimental 
station  there,  and  the  work  could  be  carried  out  more  economically 
for  the  makers  as  well  as  more  conveniently  for  the  Department 
than  if  the  Home  Office  had  had  to  acquire  a  special  site  and 
appoint  a  special  staff.  It  might  be  possible  later  on  to  make 
arrangements  for  its  transfer  to  a  more  central  spot. 

Tramway   Accident  Claim.  —  A  settlement  has  been 

effected  in  the  Court  of  Session  action  by  a  Renfrew  teacher  against 
the  Paisley  District  Tramway  Co.,  for  £500  damages.  Pursuer 
alleged  that  a  tree  which  interfered  with  defenders'  overhead  wires 
was  being  cut  down,  and  that  she  was  struck  on  the  bead  by  a 
falling  branch.  Defenders  denied  fault.  They  made  a  payment  of 
£50  and  expenses,  and  the  action  has  now  been  taken  out  of  Court. 


Annual    IMnnrrH    anil    StM-laU.  -f.o.vdov.— One    of 

thoHo  nxtnri'H  which  wn  have  nlwayn  th«  irfatiiit  pl^«#ore  In 
attending  i«  tho  annual  nltiff  dinner  of  the  Oiirnm  and  Robertaon 
Lamp  WorlcH,  which  wax  utrain  hfld  in  th«  ('ordnatU.n  Ilall, 
Clarendon  Iti'Htauntnt,  IIiiiniiii'rHniith,  on  Friday  March  2Hth.  In 
tho  unfortiinato  ubwnci',  throui/h  il!ni!«f.  of  .Mr  Iflmt,  thw  chair 
waH  gctiliilly  lilli-d  by  Mr.  C,  WilHon.  ably  p<iipp<jrt<-d  by  tHottn. 
.Sheppnrd  and  Driver,  whilo  Mr.  (Joiiling  look'd  aflur  tho  (ff  neral 
welfare  of  tho  viHitorH,  among  whom  wo  notiwd  Mr.  .laok  KI«tthor 
manager  of  the  lamp  hbIoh  dt-partmont  of  the  (i.K  C  ,  .Mr.  HooHinif, 
of  MoHsrB,  W.  Cory  .t  ,SonH  ;  Councillor  .lohnnon.  of  the  Hammer- 
Hmith  Electric  Lifht  f'omniiltcc  .  Councillor  (,'ook,  and  other  well- 
known  local  gcnlldiicii,  the  company  mii"t<-rinif  olxjut  'JO  in  all. 
After  the  UHual  loyal  toaittH  given  by  thf  chairman.  Mr.  F.  P.  Drivor 
propo^■<^d  '  The  Allied  FirniH,  "  to  which  Mr.  Wili-on  rMjKjndefl 
exproffling  hiH  rrgrct  at  tlie  abHcnce  of  Mr.  Hirft,  and  rfforring  to 
the  wtea<ly  progreHS  of  the  firmH,  wh<iHo  iifrximnrl  had  in'Ttaw-d  from 
a  total  of  '.10  to  a  prcHent  total  of  1,700,  which  when  the  extcniion* 
now  in  progress  were  completed,  would  Hhortly  be  increaFcd  to 
2,000.  He  was  delighted  to  Hav  that,  throughout  the  worki>,  there 
was  a  complete  absicnce  of  friction  and  in  every  department  a  loyal 
striving  for.succeps.  He  aIno  n  ado  the  announcement  that  the 
directors  had  provided  the  necessary  funds  for  the  establishment 
of  a  club  house,  and  he  hoped,  on  the  next  occasion,  to  welcome 
their  guests  in  their  own  house.  The  company  then  nettled  them- 
selves to  enjoy  an  excellent  programme,  provided,  with  one  excep- 
tion, by  the  members  of  the  staff.  Lie zt's  Rhapcodie  Hongroise  No.  2 
was  excellently  played  by  Mr.  E.  C.  Hosier,  while  Miss  Dallender 
sang  delightfully  to  her  own  accompaniment,  besides  taking  part 
with  Mr.  J.  IMinson  in  a  short  farce.  Mr.  E  (i.  Sheppard  proposed 
the  health  of  "  The  Visitors  and  the  Prea.","  coupling  it  with  the 
names  of  Mr.  Scolding,  Mr.  Jack  Fletcher  and  Mr.  Sydney  Rentell, 
who  suitably  responded.  Mr.  Fletcher,  who  wa».  according  to  Mr. 
Sheppard,  suffering  from  "  Csramitis "  (a  strange  disease  whose 
symptoms  are  more  noticeable  among  competitors  than  with  the 
actual  sufferer)  pointed  out  that  the  year's  sales  had  far  exceeded  any 
previous  year,  and  that  it  was  a  subject  of  congratulation  that  thi« 
increase  was  not  due  to  one  or  two  exceptionally  large  contracts, 
but  to  a  general  expansion  of  the  field  of  operations.  The  toast  of 
"The  Chairman."  proposed  by  Mr.  P.  Pring,  was  received  most 
heartily,  and  Mr.  Wilson  responded,  calling  the  attention  of  those 
present  to  memories  of  the  growth  of  the  concern. 

BARNsr.F.Y.— The  staff  of  the  Cori)oration  Electricity  Works  held 
their  first  annual  dance  in  the  Arcadian  Restaurant,  Bamsley,  on 
Thursday  evening  last  week,  when  nearly  200  people  were  present. 

Electricity  Supply   Rifle  League.— .\  representative 

match  was  shot  on  Saturday  last  between  a  team  chosen  from  the 
above  League  and  the  London  and  South-Western  Railway  Rifle 
Club,  on  the  latter's  range  at  Clapham  .Junction.  The  scores  were 
as  follows  : — 

L.6.W.R.— H.  Baker,  97  ;  F.  J.  C.  Mercer.  97  ;  G.  E.  Barnes,  95  ; 
G.  Coffin,  95  ;  J.  Cole,  95  :  W.  Colley,  95  ;  R.  A.  Hazeldine.  95  ; 
F.  R.  Wilson,  93  :  total,  7G2  ;  E.  Gray,  91  ;  C.  I.  Barnes,  89. 

ES.R.L.— H.  Mugford,  97  ;  E.  Neville,  97  ;  J.  K.  Wells,  97  ;  F. 
Winehcombe,  97:  W.  .1.  D.  Partridge,  95;  F.  Barber,  93  :  A.  W. 
■Law,  93  ;  E.  G.  Furneaux,  92  :  total,  761  ;  H.  P.  Gaze.  91  ;  H.  A. 
Pearman.  91. 

As  the  match  was  10  to  shoot  and  8  to  count,  the  result  was  a 
win  for  the  railwaymen  by  the  smallest  possible  margin,  viz.,  one 
point,  but  on  the  total  for  all  10  men  the  electricians  were  one 
point  to  the  good.  After  the  match  both  teams  were  entertained 
to  high  tea  by  the  general  manager  of  the  L.S.W.R.  It  is  hoped 
to  have  a  return  match  very  soon. 

A  Surveyor's  "  Loan." — Lloyd's  Newspaper  reports  a 
matter  which  was  before  the  Sittingbourne  County  Court,  on 
Saturday  last,  in  which  Mr.  W.  Richmond  Warlow,  surveyor  to 
Milton  Regis  Urban  Council,  sued  Mr.  C.  D.  Richardson,  an  elec- 
trical engineer,  and  formerly  member  of  the  Whitstable  Urban 
Council,  for  £20,  money  alleged  to  have  been  lent. 

"In  1911  Mr.  Warlow  entered  a  competition  for  the  best  plan 
for  sewage  works  at  Whitstable.  This  scheme  was  accepted,  and 
afterwards  he  became  on  friendly  terms  with  Mr.  Richardson.  The 
latter,  he  said,  asked  him  to  lend  him  some  money,  and  he  sent  Mr. 
Richardson  two  cheques  for  £10  each.  Whitstable  Council 
objected  to  the  site  of  the  proposed  works,  and  ultimately  Mr. 
Warlow's  scheme  was  not  taken  up.  When  the  plaintiff  wrote  for 
repayment  of  the  loan  defendant  ignored  his  letters.  Mr.  Richardson 
said  he  did  not  ask  for  a  loan.  The  money  was  a  gift  for  services 
rendered  in  connection  with  the  acceptance  of  the  sewage  scheme. 
Defendant's  wife  corroborated  his  account.  Jnd?e  Shortt  said  he 
was  convinced  that  the  money  was  given  by  Mr.  Warlow  with 
the  corrupt  and  illegal  intention  of  influencing  the  conduct 
and  vote  of  the  defendant  as  a  member  of  the  Whitstable 
Urban  Council  in  respect  of  :\Ir.  Warlow's  sewage  scheme,  and 
that  it  was  accepted  by  Jlr.  Richardson  with  a  knowledge  of 
plaintiff's  intention.  The  amount  could  not  be  recovered.  Judg- 
ment was  entered  lor  the  defendant.' 

Imperial  Services  Exhibition. — A  preliminary  pros- 
pectus has  been  issued  rf  garding  the  above  exhibition,  which  is  to 
take  place  at  Earl's  Court  from  May  onwards  this  year.  The  object 
of  the  Exhibition  is  to  show  the  great  advance  that  has  taken  place 
in  late  years  in  the  scientific  preparation  for  the  defence  cf  the 
Empire  by  land  and  by  eea.  The  exhibits  will  include  examples  of 
transport,  field  cooking,  signalling  and  wireless  telegraph  equip- 
ments. The  Empress  Hall  will  be  converted  into  a  lake,  and  elec- 
trically-driven models  of  Dreadnoughts,  cruisers,  and  torpedo  boats 
will  manoeuvre  thereon.  Wireless  telegraph  and  signal  stations 
will  be  at  work. 


666 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE\TEW.         [Voi.72.  No.  1,8*5,  apeil  4, 1913. 


Association   of   Electrical    Station    Kngincers. — A 

meeting  was  held  at  BirmiDgbam,  on  Thursday  last  week,  for  the 
purpose  of  forminfr  a  branchjof  the  A.F..8  E.  for  the  Birmingham 
district.  After  f>ome  discussion,  it  was  resolved  not  to  appoint  a 
Committee  at  that  meeting,  but  that  the  secretary  be  asked  to 
obtain  by  corresixindence  and  reference  to  the  repister  of  the 
Association  a  representative  Committee,  and  that  another  meeting: 
be  called  to  elect  the  Committee.  All  those  present  promised  to 
make  application  for  membership,  and  to  endeavour  to  get  others 
to  make  application.  For  the  time  being  the  affairs  of  the  A.E.S.E. 
for  Birmingham  and  district  are  in  the  charge  of  Mr.  E.  A.  Gordon, 
41.  Spencer  Avenue.  Coventry. 

A  meeting  was  held  at  (Jrimsby  on  Friday  last  for  the  purpose  of 
forming  a  branch  of  the  Association.  Fourteen  gentlemen  were 
present.  The  meeting  was  opened  by  the  reading  of  a  letter  from 
the  hon.  secretary  (Mr.  Ebben),  and,  after  the  aims  and  objects  of 
the  A.E.S.E.  had  been  freely  discussed,  it  was  nnanimously  resolved 
that  a  branch  be  formed  for  Grimsby  and  district.  A  Committee 
of  six  gentlemen  was  appointed,  with  Mr.  W.  M.  Fowler  as  hon. 
secretary.  It  was  decided  to  hold  another  general  meeting  to-day 
(Friday)  to  enable  those  who  were  on  shift  during  the  above 
meeting  to  attend. 

.4ccident. — Mr.  George  "Widlake,  chief  electrical  engineer 
at  the  Coxside  works  of  Plymouth  and  Stonehouse  Gas  Co. 
met  with  a  nasty  accident  on  Saturday.  He  was  engaged  in 
cleaning  a  revolver  at  a  bench  it  the  work?,  when  by  some  means 
the  weapon  was  discharged  and  the  bullet  struck  him,  grazing  a 
lower  rib.  He  was  removed  to  the  Sooth  Devon  and  East  Cornwall 
Hoepital,  where  he  is  doing  well. 

Inqoiries. — A  correspondent  asks  if  there  is  any  system 
of  wiring  for  private  houses,  which  is  the  permanent  property  of 
the  tenant  and  does  not  become  landlord's  fixtures.  .Another  corres- 
pondent asks  for  names  of  makers  of  small  portable  power-driven 
air  pumps,  capable  of  producing  a  vacuum  down  to  about  '001  mm. 
The  present  makers  of  the  "Nibletf  solid  accumulator  are  asked 
for. 

Appointments  Vacant. — Corresix)ndence  clerk,  for  the 
Swindon  Corporation  Electricity  and  Tramways  Departments 
(£70)  ;  installation  inspector  and  tester,  for  the  Birkenhead  Cor- 
poration Electricity  Department  (£104)  :  mechanic,  for  the  Science 
Departments  of  the  University  College  of  North  Wales.  Bangor 
(HOs.) ;  assistant  engineer,  for  the  Burgh  Electricity  Works, 
Hamilton  (£12.5).     See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

Institution    and    Lecture    Xotes.— Institi  tio.n    of 

Electrical  Engineers. — The  following  are  the  nominations  for 
election  to  the  Council  for  rJl3-14  : — 

The  names  in  italics  are  those  of  the  persons  nominated  by  the 
Council  for  the  vacancies  which  will  occur  on  September  30th, 
1913.    Others  remain  in  ofiBce. 

President.— II'.  I)u<UMl,  f.ll.S. 

Vice-Presidents  (two  vacancies).— //««.  Sir  C.  A.  Pamonf,  K.C.B., 
F.R.S..  J.  F.  C.  Siiell  W.  Judd,  C.  H.  Merz. 

Honorary  Treasurer. — It.  Hatmnond. 

Ordinary    Members    of    Council. — Members     (one     vacancy). — 

A.  L.  r.  F,n  and  G.  Scott  H„m,  F.   Gill,  J.  S.   Highfield,  H.  Hiist, 

B.  M.  Jenkin.  J.  E.  Kingsbury.  Dr.  A.  Russell,  W.  Rutherford,  A.  H. 
Seabrook.  Roper  T.  Smith,  C.  P.  Sparks.  H.  E.  Wimperis. 

Associate  Members  (three  vacancies).  —  F.  E.  Berry,  Captain 
E.  O.  Hi-nriri.  HE..  A.  W.  Marti),.  S.  W.  Mehvm. 

Associates  (two  vacancies).  —  K.  BvssrU  ( iarhe,  Franci-t  Jnce^ 
A.  .1/.  J.  Ogilrifi,  C.B;  A.  B.  Anderson. 

(Manche.«teb  Section). — A  meeting  of  the  Section  was  held  on 
the  Ist  inet.,  when  a  paper  was  read  by  Dr.  E.  Rosenberg  on  "Self- 
Synchronising  Ma-.hinea."  An  interesting  discussion  followed,  to 
which  the  author  replied.  The  annual  meeting  of  the  Section  will 
be  held  next  Tuesday,  when  a  lecture  will  be  given  by  Dr.  E. 
Rutherford  on  "The  Electrical  State  of  the  Atmosphere.' 

Phys^ical  Society. — At  the  meeting  held  on  March  14th,  1913.  a 
paper  on  ''Some  Oscillograms  of  Condenser  Discharges  and  a  Simple 
Theory  of  Coupled  Circuits.  '  was  read  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Fleming,  F  R.S. 
The  author  gave  a  very  short  method,  involving  only  the  simplest 
algebra,  for  arriving  at  a  formula  for  the  time  of  free  electrical 
oscillation  of  a  leaky  condenser  in  series  with  an  inductive 
resistance,  the  oscillations  being  damped.  Oscillograms  taken  at 
low  frKiuency  with  a  Duddell  OFcillrgraph  were  shown,  demon- 
strating the  accordance  of  fact  with  deductions  from  the  iformnla. 
In  the  same  manner  the  case  of  coupled  circuits  was  considered, 
and  Dr.  Fleming  deduced  an  equation,  which  showed  that  there 
were,  in  general,  oscillations  of  three  frequencies  in  the  circuits. 
This  was  confirmed  by  photographs  of  oscillograms  and  diagrams  of 
resonance  curves. 

A  second  paper  by   Dr.  Fleming  described  some  Braun  cathode 
ray  tubes  used  as  high-frequency  oscillographs,   and   an  electro- 
-    static  influence  machine  giving   a   steady   current   of    SCO  to  3.50 
microamperes  for  working  them. 

Prize  Competition  for  a   Miner's   Electric    Safety 

Lamp.— The  Verein  fur  die  bergbaulichen  Intercssen  im  (»berberg- 
samtstiejirk  Dortmund  are  offering  an  award  of  £1.250  for  a  miner's 
electric  safety  lamp  possessing  the  following  advantages  — Unpro- 
vocative  of  explosions,  even  after  having  received  a  blow  or 
damage  ;  useable  for  12  hours  uninterruptedly  :  easy  to  carry,  not 
cumliersome.  strong,  simple  to  control,  economical  ;  furnished 
with  a  gas  indicator,  like  the  ordinary  oil  or  benzine  lamp  ;  and  of 
a  lighting  power  of  1  hefner  after  12  hours  burning.  Lamps 
must  be  sent  in,  with  explanations  in  German  and  drawings,  before 
October  1st,  1915. 


Electricity  Works  in  the  Argentine  Republic. — In 

a  leaderette  in  this  issue  we  refer  to  the  rapid  develop- 
ment in  Argentina.  The  following  list  of  cities  and  towns  in  which 
electric  light  stations  exist  or  for  which  concessions  have  b«en 
obtained  or  contracts  are  pending,  has  been  compiled  by  the 
Briietn  of  the  Biirr  J'late,  Hjid  is  of  some  interest  in  connection 
with  the  above  .—La  Plata,  C.  de  Patagones,  Chivilcoy.  Dolores, 
Pergamino,  Necochea,  Carmen  de  Areco,  Lujan,  Bahia  Blanca, 
Punta  Alta,  San  Fernando.  General  Alvear.  Coronel  Vidal,  Campana, 
Navarro,  24  de  Mayo.  Saladillo,  Chascomiis,  General  Belgrano,  Las 
Flores,  Dolores,  Azul,  Olavarria,  La  Madrid,  Coronel  Suarez,  Pigue, 
C!oncordia.  Florencio  Varela,  Mercedes,  Dorrego,  Tres  Arroyos,  Mar 
del  Plata,  Balcarce,  San  Martin.  Tandil,  Ayacucho,  Maipii,  Pringles, 
Suipacha,  Bragado,  Avellaneda,  Lonias.  Trenqne  Liuquen,  City  of 
Buenos  Ayres,  Corrientes.  (ioya,  Monte  Cascros,  Curuzii,  Coatia, 
Posadas,  Parana,  'Victoria,  Concepcion,  Gualeguay,  (iualeguaychii, 
Catamarca,  Rioja,  San  .luan.  San  Luis,  VillaMercedes.Mendoza.  Salta. 
Santiago  del  E-^tero,  La  Bamla,  Jujay,Tncuman,  Cordoba.Villa  Maria, 
San  Francisco,  Bell  Ville.  Sufino,  Santa  Fe,  Rosario.  Coronda,  Galvez, 
Rafaela,  Esperan/.a.  K°conquista,  San  Carlos  Centre,  Caseros 
(Buenos  Ayres),  San  Hifael.  Pt'lotas,  Colon,  General  Paz,  ('apilla 
del  Monte,  San  Antonio  Ojste,  San  Andres  de  Giles,  9  de  .Tulio, 
Trelew  (Chubiit),  Laboulaye  (Cordoba).  Nogoya.  San  .lusto.  Ven^do 
Tuerto,  Vera  (Santa  Fe),  San  Lorenzo,  General  'Villegas,  Villa 
Nueva,  San  Cristobal,  .Tunin,  Merlo.  Carcarafia  (Santa  Fe),  General 
Pico,  (ieneral  Sarmiento.  San  Martin  de  los  Andes,  Alberdi,  Cruz 
(Cordoba),  Ramos  Mej'a,  Villa  Ballester. 

India. — A  tlemonstration  of  certain  sources  of  weakness 
said  to  be  common  to  nearly  all  forms  of  block  instruments  at 
present  in  use  on  Indian  railways  was  recently  given,  at  Delhi,  by 
Mr,  McCloskey,  assistant  electrical  engineer.  B.,  B.  and  C.l.R  . 
before  a  Committee  of  senior  Government  Inspectors,  representing 
the  Railway  Board.  Experiments  were  shown  illustrating  irregu- 
larities in  block  working  by  which  the  Ghaziabad  disaster,  and 
many  subsequent  collisions  and  potential  collisions,  may  have  been 
caused.  ArrangementH  have  been  made  to  give  an  extensive 
practical  trial  to  the  safeguards  suggested. — IiHlian  Engineering. 

First  lid  in  Case  of  Electrical  Burns.— A  com- 
mission, representing  the  American  Medical  Association,  the 
National  Electric  Light  Association  and  the  American  Institute  of 
Electrical  Engineers,  suggests  the  following  rules  as  embodying  the 
approved  methods  for  first  care  of  electrical  bumn  : — 

"  A  raw  or  blistered  surface  should  be  protected  from  the  air. 
If  clothing  sticks,  do  not  peel  it  off  ;  cut  around  it.  The  adherent 
cloth,  or  a  dressing  of  cotton  or  other  soft  material  applied  to  the 
burned  surface,  should  be  saturated  with  picric  acid  (0'5  per  cent.). 
If  this  is  not  at  hand,  use  a  solution  of  baking  soda  (one  tea- 
spoonful  to  a  pint  of  water),  or  the  wound  may  be  coated  with  a 
paste  of  flour  and  water.  Or  it  may  be  protected  with  a  heavy  oil 
such  as  machine  oil.  transformer  oil.  vaseline,  linseed,  carron  or 
olive  oil.  Cover  the  dressing  with  cotton,  gauze,  lint,  clean  waste, 
clean  handkerchiefs  or  other  soft  cloth,  held  lightly  in  place  by  a 
bandage. 

"The  same  coverings  should  be  lightly  bandaged  over  a  dry, 
charred  bum.  but  without  wetting  the  burned  region  or  applying 
oil  to  it. 

"  Do  not  open  blisters."-  Elrctrical  Morlii. 

Electric   Cooking ;   Australian  Development.— We 

have  it  on  the  authority  of  the  Aii^tmli/in  Miiiini)  Standard  that 
remarkable  demonstrations  have  lately  taken  place  in  Melbourne 
of  a  new  system  of  electric  heating  and  cooking  which  '"allows 
such  economy  in  current  consumption  and  gives  such  rapid  heating 
effects  that  the  stove  suitaLle  for  the  average  householder,  fitted 
^with  the  new  unit  heated  to  (iOO°  within  TJ  minutes,  turned  out  a 
batch  of  perfectly  cooked  scones  within  17  minutes  of  the  current 
being  applied.''  Our  contemporary  mentions  the  great  simplicity 
of  its  construction,  and  says  that  '  the  cheapness  of  manufacture 
of  the  elements  will  enable  the  owners  of  the  patents  to  manu- 
facture at  such  low  costs  that  a  full-sized  electrical  stove  can  be 
sold  to  the  householder  at  a  price  approximately  that  of  the 
ordinary  gas  stove,  and  full  electrical  appliances  at  similarly  low 
figures.  The  cost  of  cooking  will  be  reduced  by  between  50  and 
75  per  e;ent.  below  any  other  apparatus  at  present  on  the  market." 
We  fchall  await  fuller  particulars  with  no  little  interest. 

Fatalities. — Alex.  Faulds,  a  Vale  of  1-even  man,  in  the 
employment  of  the  Dominion  Power  Transmission  Co..  Hamilton, 
Ontario,  was  recently  killed  instantly  by  receiving  a  4, 000- volt  shock 
while  working  on  a  transformer. 

A  correspondent  says  that  a  young  man  named  Herbert  Allen, 
aged  19,  an  electrical  fitter  of  Nottingham,  was  killed  at  the  trans- 
forming station  at  I'shaw  Moor  Colliery,  Durham,  on  Monday. 

Correction. — On  page  blrl,  in  the  last  paragraph  of  the 
article  on  the  "'  Fixation  of  Atmospheric  Nitrogen,"  it  is  stated  that 
1  Kw.  should  suffice  to  "  fix  '  100  kg.  of  nitrogen  per  annum,  but 
that  in  practice  little  over  400  kg.  are  obtained  ;  these  figures 
should  be  1,000  and  4,000  respectively. 

killed  by  Lightning. — At  an  iuc|ncst  htld  at  Keigatton 
Mrs.  Charlotte  Oxley,  according  to  a  son  s  evidence,  the  deceased 
was  preparing  for  church  when  there  was  a  flash  of  lightning  ; 
witness  heard  a  fall,  and  found  his  mother  on  the  floor.  Dr.  Watson 
said  there  were  no  external  marks,  but  an  examination  revealed 
several  bruises  on  the  skull  bone,  small  hnomorrhages  on  the  surface 
of  the  brain,  and  a  larger  one  at  the  base.  The  lightning  must 
have  caused  death,  the  current  passing  through  deceased  without 
injuring  the  skin.  A  verdict  in  accordance  with  the  medical 
testimony  was  returned, 


Vol.  73.    No.  i,«ir,,  Ai-uii,  I,  ism;}. 


THE    ET.K(;TRK!AL    RKVIHW. 


5f57 


The    Abenlecn    Slainler    Action.— A    (!orit!HiK)ti(l(iiL 

fiityH  that  it  Ih  iiiidorHtood  that  tho  aotioti  ruiitril  liy  Mr.  .InincH 
Alcxnn(l(!r  IlcU,  oh'ctrical  entfimmr  of  tho  (Mty  of  AlKirdwii, 
againut  Mr.  AlfrcMl  Kdwftrd  Milne,  Holicitor,  Ahcrdicn,  hon. 
gecrotary  of  the  Abcrdcon  branch  of  tho  Klrotricat  (NintnictorH' 
AsBOoiation  of  Kootland,  for  il.oDd  dainnKPH  for  alh'i^fd  Hlandcr, 
will  come  up  for  proof  in  the  Court  of  HoHrfion  on  Juno  21fh. 
Lord  Hunter  recently  adjusted  the  isBuea  for  trial  by  jury. 

illegort   Fraud, — The  char):je   npainst  H.  <1.   Minaf,'e, 

an  electriial  enifineer,  reported  in  our  last  Ibhui',  wan  before  the 
Marlborough  Street  Police  Court  n^ain  the  other  day,  when, 
accordinfT  to  the  Miiruinti  Ai/n'rti.ti'r,  it  was  urpcd  Dy  coudboI  in 
defence  that  there  was  no  oaae  ai;ainHt  hiB  client,  an  by  the  terniH 
of  the  a|;reonaent  the  defendant  was  a  partner  in  tho  firm.  lie 
contended  it  was  not  a  Iximi  fidr  prosecution.  Mr.  Denman  thoup;ht 
it  was  a  case  for  a  jury  to  decide.  He  would  exprestt  no  opinion  on 
its  merits.  Mr.  Lewis  said  the  defendant  bore  an  irreproachable 
character,  and  he  submitted  that  no  jury  would  convict.  Mr. 
Denman  committed  the  prisoner  for  trial,  allowini:  bail  in  the  sum 
of  £30. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

The  Editort  invite  electrical  engineers,  whether  connected  with  the 
technical  or  the  commercial  side  of  the  profesxion  and  industry, 
alto  electric  tramway  and  railway  officiah,  to  keep  readers  of  the 
Electrical  Review  posted  at  to  their  movements. 


Central  Station  Officials.— On  Sunday,   :\larch  30th, 

the  staff  of  the  Wolverhampton  Corporation  electricity  department 
met  at  the  Commercial  Road  Works  to  wish  farewell  to  the  retirinsr 
chief,  Mr.  C.  E.  C.  Shawfield.  After  being:  photog-raphed,  the 
party  moved  to  one  of  the  offices,  where  Mr.  Shawiield  was  pre- 
sented with  a  solid  silver  salver,  suitably  inscribed,  which  had  been 
boa^ht  by  subscriptions  from  the  whole  of  the  staff.  Speeches  were 
made  by  several  members  of  the  staff,  who  wished  Mr.  Shawfield 
every  success  in  his  new  undertaking,  and  expressed  .their  great 
regret  at  losing  him.  More  than  one  speaker  said  that  the  only 
fault  he  had  to  find  with  Mr.  Shawfield  as  chief,  was  that  he  had 
been  unable  to  use  the  profits  of  the  undertaking  to  bring  salaries 
ind  wages  up  to  a  reasonable  level,  rather  than  to  hand  them  over 
for  the  relief  of  rates.  In  reply,  Mr.  Shawfield  thanked  those 
present  for  their  kind  appreciation,  and  said  that  he  and  Mrs. 
■ihawfield,  who  had  always  taken  the  keenest  interest  in  the  work 
Df  the  department  and  in  the  staff,  would  consider  the  salver  one  of 
their  most  treasured  possessions,  not  only  for  its  intrinsic  value,  but 
chiefly  for  the  good  feeling  which  prompted  the  gift.  He  referred 
to  the  development  of  the  department  since  its  commencement, 
jnd  gave  accounts  of  amusing  incidents  which  occurred  in  its  early 
lays.  He  expressed  the  opinion  that  it  was  to  be  regretted 
;hat  any  money  had  been  paid  over  to  the  relief  of  the  rates,  as  he 
thought  it  was  not  in  the  best  interests  of  the  department;  or  the 
;owii  as  a  whole,  that  the  profits  of  a  trading  undertaking  should 
>e  used  for  this  purpose.  He  thought  that  the  first  call  on  the 
profits  of  the  undertaking  should  be  to  improve  the  status  of  employ- 
ment, as  the  success  or  otherwise  of  the  department  depended,  to  a 
iTcry  large  extent,  on  the  efforts  of  those  employed  therein  ;  any 
surplus  beyond  this  should  so  to  reducing  the  price  of  current  to 
;he  consumers.  However,  Jlr.  Shawfield  said  that  the  chief  of  a 
lepartment  had  not  a  free  hand  in  the  matter  of  salaries  and  wages, 
3ut  that  he.  in  turn,  had  to  caxry  out  the  instructions  of  his 
smployers  —  the  municipality.  He  also  imparted  the  infor- 
nation  that  he  would  not  be  leaving  the  town — at  any  rate,  for 
i  few  years — and  thus  hoped  still  to  keep  in  touch  with  those  with 
^hom  he  had  been  associated  for  so  long  a  period. 

Out  of  i:U  applicants,  Mr.  R.  B.  Leach,  electrical  engineer  to 
;heTurton  District  Council,  has  been  appointed  electrical  engineer 
md  tramways  manager  to  the  Heywood  Corporation,  at  £200  per 
uinum. 

We  regret  to  learn  that  Me.  A.  A.  Day,  borough  electrical 
ingineer,  Bolton,  who  has  been  staying  at  the  Cleveley's  Hydro, 
Blackpool,  had  another  seizure  last  week  end.  His  medical 
idviser  was  summoned,  and  Mr,  Day's  condition  caused  con- 
siderable anxiety.  Mr.  Day  was  seized  with  sudden  illness  whilst 
n  the  train  at  the  beginning  of  last  September,  when  he  was 
jommenoing  his  holidays,  and  he  has  not  been  himself  since. 

Mr.  J.  E.  Starkie,  Burnley's  electrical  engineer,  is  suffering 
:rom  a  nervous  breakdown,  and  has  been  advised  to  spend  some 
;ime  at  St.  Anne's. 

Through  a  mishap  at  the  Accrington  generating  station  on 
March  L'7th,  Mr.  Ernest  Hall,  charge  engineer,  sustained  serious 
njuries.  The  cause  of  the  accident  is  not  known,  but  Mr.  Hall 
A-as  found  in  a  sluice  in  connection  with  the  gas  generating  plant, 
tie  was  taken  to  hospital,  where  it  was  discovered  that  he  had 
sadly  injured  his  head  and  fractured  an  arm. 

Mr.  W.  G.  Coath.  who  has  been  on  the  staff'  of  the  Newton 
ibbot  Electricity  Works  for  the  past  3i  years,  was  on  Friday  last 
jresented  with  a  handsome  case  of  instruments  by  members  of 
;he  staff,  on  the  occasion  of  his  departure  to  Swindon.  The 
presentation  was  made  by  the  resident  engineer.  Mr.  G,  E.  Smith. 

Mr.  Thomas  D'Aecy  Nassau,  who  is  at  present  resident 
mgineer  to  the  Honiton  and  District  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd., 
las  b;en  appointed  resident  engineer  and  manager  to  the  County 
if  Dorset  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 


At  n  HpooinI  mo«iting  of  thi;  I^owdntoft  Town  f'ouncil  on  'I'uewlajr, 
.Mil.  W.  It.  .May,  who  hon  boon  ajmUtAnt  enKlnM>r  at  (be  f:orpr>r»- 
tion  K'fctricity  Worku  for  10  ywirn,  waa  appointi'd  txjroui/h  elec- 
trical ciiginfter  (in  the  plaofi  of  .Mr  G.  A.  WtucAi  ti^\vi<>^\>  »t  » 
Balary  of  itli'iO  a  year  ri«ing  to  «jhO  by  annual  ln<:r<  i  ■'"'■. 
■Mu.  H.  II.  .>^Ai  NiiKiiH,  c>ii«f  ncc'iuntnnt  In  Ihu  Horr.u 
Dopartmrnt.  waH  apiMjinti'd  gi-ncral    rnanii(,'i<r  ipf  thr   ■  .i;' 

and  tramwayH  iindcrtakiniri<.  at  a  nalury  of   £2t.'0  a  yi-ur,  inuriaiiii; 
to  itJ-'iO  by  incromrntB  of  £10  [mt  annum. 

.M  K.  It.  II.  Lkk  haH  ri'^ignnd  hiM  ponjtion  of  jonior  engineer  at 
tho  Kulham  Klnctricity  Workii,  in  order  to  take  up  the  pwit  of 
junior  shift  cnginenr  at  the  Hirough  of  Islington  Eleotrirlty 
WorkH. 

(■eneral. — iMit.  K.  1'.  I'.k.n.skti'  has  been  traDHfcrred 
from  the  saleB  department  of  the  London  office  of  Himplez 
ConduitH,  litd.,  to  take  up  the  poaition  of  manairer  at  their  Liver- 
pool branch. 

Mr.  Kowauh  Alkueii  Glminomam,  M.LK  K  and  Mr.  Charlkj* 
Ekne.'^t  Ho.ntkr,  the  works  managorR  of  the  lamp  and  engineering 
departments  respectively  of  the  Kdiiion  i.  S^an  I'nited  Electric 
Light  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  been  elected  to  seatH  on  the  board  of  the 
company. 

Mr.  J.  P.  Meikle.ioiis,  who  has  boen  workB  manager  with 
Messrs.  Grindlay,  Ross  \  Co.,  of  Gla«/ow,  haH  been  appointed  chief 
assistant  engineer  to  the  Penarth  Electric  Lighting  Co  ,  Ltd. 

The  marriage  took  place  last  week  at  B»rgoed  of  Mh.T.  S.  Thoma.", 
electrical  engineer,  of  VntradgynlaiB,  and  Miss  Mabel  Clement, 
daughter  of  Mr.  H.  Clement,  of  Bargoed. 

Mit.  G.  (;iLKEX,  of  Messrs.  G.  Gilkei  .<  Son,  turbine  makers,  of 
Kendal,  has  been  re-elected  an  alderman  of  Westmorland  County 
Council. 

The  marriage  took  place  on  March  '27th  at  Wellingborough  of 
Mr.  Thomas  James  TjARGe,  electrical  engineer,  of  the  staff  of 
Messrs.  Belliss  i:  Morcom,  of  Birmingham,  and  Miss  Jessie  Gadbby, 
youngest  daughter  of  Mr.  W.  K.  Gadsby,  of  Brigstook. 

Mr.  Watson,  of  Messrs.  W.  G.  Watson  k  Co.,  Ltd.,  Sydney,  will 
be  in  England,  Europe,  and  the  United  States,  toward  the  middle  of 
the  year  in  connection  with  the  opening  up  of  a  London  office  of 
the  company. 

Mr.  a,  B.  Scorer  has  joined  the  board  of  Messrs.  Meldrums. 
Ltd.,  who  have  moved  their  London  office  to  92,  Grosvenor  Road, 
Westminster,  S  W. 

Mr.  Herbert  Laws  Webb  has  removed  from  3.".,  Old  Queen 
Street,  S.W.,  to  104,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster.  S,W. 

Congratulations  and  good  wishes  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Leonaro  G. 
Tate.  The  marriage  of  the  secretary  of  the  Electrical  Contractors 
Association  was  to  take  place  at  Richmond  Parish  Church  yesterday. 
We  regret  having  to  mingle  our  congratulations  with  condolences, 
for  we  read  in  the  Electrical  Centrnctor  that  Mr.  Tate's  mother 
pissed  away  a  few  days  ago. 

Obituary.  —  Mr.  J.  Parker.— "The  death  occurred 
suddenly,  at  Blackpool,  on  Saturday,  of  Mr.  John  Parker,  who  had 
had  a  long  connection  with  the  firm  of  E.  Green  &  Co..  Ltd.,  engi- 
neers, of  Manchester  and  Wakefield.     He  was  in  his  76th  year. 

Mb.  G.  Humphrey. — The  death  is  announced,  at  the  age  of  (^h 
years,  of  Mr.  Geo.  Humphrey,  head  of  the  firm  of  Geo.  Humphrey 
and  Co.,  electrical  and  general  engineers,  of  High  Street,  Sevenoaks. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Rio  Grandeiise  Light  and  Power  Syndicate,  Ltd.  (127,781).— 

Registered  March  14th,  by  S.  Morse,  1,  Kingsway,  W.C.  C»rit»l  f  100,000  in 
&\  shares.  Objects  :  To  carry  on  the  business  o(  suppliers  of  electricity,  gas  for 
lighting,  heating,  motive  or  othar  power,  &c.,  in  Brazil  and  elsewhere,  to  adopt 
agreemcDtE  (1)  with  Emilie  Guilava  giving  an  option  of  purchase  of  the  electric 
light  undertaking  in  the  town  of  Bage,  Bt^te  of  Rio  Grande  de  Sul,  Brazil ;  (2) 
an  agreement  with  Buxton,  Cassini  &  Co.  for  sale  and  purchase  of  a  con- 
cession for  the  exploitation  of  electric  tramways,  power  and  light  service  in 
the  City  of  Pelotas,  in  the  said  State  ;  (3)  an  agreement  with  the  British 
Electric  Traction  Co.,  I-jtd.,  appointing  them  the  company's  London  agents  ; 
and  (4)  with  Buxton,  Cassini  &  Co.,  appointing  theni  the  company's  local 
agents  in  Pelotas.  The  signatories  (with  one  share  each)  are  —Emilie 
Guilayn,  Salisbury  House,  E.C.,  banker;  T.  Bower,  Electiical  Federation 
OfBoes,  1,  Kingsway  W.C,  secretary.  Private  company.  The  directors  are  to 
number  not  less  than  three  or  more  than  five.  The  Articles  of  Association 
specify  that  the  first  directors  shall  be  Seoor  Emilie  Guilayn  and  one  to  be  nomi- 
nated by  the  British  Electric  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.  A  copy  of  register  of  directors 
filed  at  same  time  names  Senor  Guilayn  and  Charles  H.  Dade  (of  1,  Kingsway 
W.C.)  as  the  directors.  Registered  oCBce,  Electiical  Federation  Offices. 
1,  Kingsway,  W.C. 

Bartou-on-Hiiiiiber  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  (127. reO.— 

This  company  was  registered  on  March  14th.  with  a  capital  of  £20,000,  in  ,f  I 
shares,  to  cirry  on  the  business  indicates  by  the  title,  and  to  adopt  an  agree- 
ment with  F.  Hopper.  1  he  subscribers  (with  ICO  shares  each)  are  :— F.  Hopper, 
Elm  Tree  House,  Barton-on-Humber,  cycle  manufacturer;  J.  B,  Tombleson, 
Weslfield,  Barton  on-Humber,  brick  and  tilo  manufacturer;  H.  Wilson,  The 
Hall,  Barton-onHumber,  solicitor ;  H.  Pigott.  Eagle  House,  Bartonon- 
Homber,  managing  d'rcctor;  J.  Batraclougb,  Westtield  Road,  Bartonon- 
Humber,  shipowner  ;  W.  H.  BIyth,  Bightield,  Barton-onHumber.  brick  and 
tie  manufacturer  ;  J.  C.  Lee,  Gecrge  Street,  bartonon-Humber,  pharmacist. 
Minimum  cash  subscription,  £3,030  ;  the  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  lees 
than  three  or  more  than  seven;  the  first  are  F.  Hopp-r,  J.  H.  Tombleson, 
H.  Wilson,  H.  Pigott,  J.  Barrai'ough  and  W.  H.  Blvth  ;  qualilicaiion,  i'lOtl; 
remuneration  as  flxed  by  the  company.  Solicitcrj,  Nowell  Jt  Son,  Bsr;onou- 
Humber.      Registered  by  Jordan  &  Sons,  Ltd,.  116-117,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

Reform    Lighting   Co.,  Ltd.  (127.91 1).— This  company  was 

registered  on  March  t20tb,  with  a  capital  of  £:1,(TJ0  in  i\  shares,  to  take  over 
the  business  of  electric  lamp  manufacturers  carried  on  as  the  "  Reform 
Lighting  Co."  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  8re:-G.  W.  Lcraai, 
26,  Moore  Street,  W.,  clerk  ;  P.  Bowson,  14,  Harcourt  Street,  Marylebone,  W. 
clerk.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  bo  less  than  two 
or  more  than  five ;  the  subscribers  are  to  appoint  the  first.  Registered  by 
Pakemab,  Son  &  Read,  U,  Ironmonger  Lane,  E.C. 


568 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EE^TEW.        [Voi.  72.  No.  1,8*5,  apbh,  *,  1913. 


Frank   Tomey  &   Co.,  Ltd.    (127,709),— This  company  was 

registered  on  March  14th,  with  a  capital  of  f  2,000  in  £\  shares,  to  c»rry  on 
the  business  ot  manufucturers  of  and  dealers  in  glass,  glass  tubing,  electric 
lamps.  Ki.itgen  ray  and  glass  buibs,  Ac,  to  acijuire  the  business  carried  on  by 
F.  8.  Tomey  &  J.  Kent  at  the  Borough  Glass  Works,  Victoria  Road,  Aston, 
Birmingham,  and  at  6fi,  Hattin  Qarden,  E.C.,  as  Frank  Tomey  &  Co.  The 
enbicrib»r6  (with  one  share  each)  are  :— F.  S.  Tomey,  140,  Victoria  Rnad, 
Aston,  Bimiinghain,  manufacturer  ;  J.  Kent,  Kenmore.  Green  Lane,  Palmer's 
Green,  manufacturer.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to 
be  lees  than  two  or  imre  than  five;  the  first  are  F.  8.  Tomey  (peninnent 
managing  director)  and  J.  Kent;  remuneration,  fl4  each  per  ni-inth. 
Solicitors,  Hjttp'ey  &  Sharp,  104,  Colmore  Row,  Birmingham.  Registereil  by 
Jordan  &  Sons,  Ltd,,  110  117,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

Southern  Brazil  Electric  Co.,   Ltd.  (£187.8.56).— Ke^iftered 

March  Itith,  by  Linklater  A  Co.,  8,  Bond  Court,  Walbrcok,  E  C.  Capital 
£1,030.000  in  £1  shares.  Objects;  To  acquire  shares,  debentures,  and  other 
securities  of  any  interests  or  participations  in  any  companies,  corporations, 
or  firms  carrjing  on  tramway,  lighe  and  power,  waterworks,  sewage  and 
drainage  construction  business,  or  the  business  of  cariving  out  local  improve- 
ments or  any  of  such  buiinesses,  or  similar  thereto,  in  Brazil  or  elsewhere, 
to  carry  on  business  as  electrical  and  hydraulic  engineers,  Ac,  and  to  adopt 
agreements  (I)  with  A.  J.  Byingtonand  i2iwith  the  Parana  Power  Syndicate,  Ltd, 
(vendors)  for  the  acquisition  of  shares,  properties,  businesses  and  rights 
referred  to  therein.  The  signatories  (with  one  share  each)  are,— H.  A. 
Fellowes,  1,  CornhiU,  B.C.,  stockbroker;  F.  E.  O.  Tootal,  1,  Cornhill,  E.C, 
stockbroker;  H.  Philips,  1,  Cornhill,  K.C.,  clerk;  D.  J.  Pirie,  1,  Cornhill, 
EC,  clerk;  E.  Fisk,  Lotblield,  Tadworth,  Surrey,  clerk;  G.  Barnard,  J«, 
Carringham  Road.  Golder's  Green, N.W.,  cleik;  T.  F.  Lyon,  21,  Rnmney  Road, 
BrixtOD,  clerk.  Minimum  cash  subscription  seven  shares.  The  directors  are 
t)  number  not  less  than  two  nor  more  than  ten.  A  letter  addressed  to  the 
Registrar  says  "  that  no  directors  have  yet  been  appointed  nor  have  any 
persons  yet  consented  to  act,"  but  the  articles  of  association  6t*te  that  the 
first  directors  of  the  company  are  all  nominees  of  the  vendor  syndicate  or 
directors  or  shareholders  thereof  or  otherwise  interested  therein.  The 
directors  are  authorised  to  pay  to  the  said  A.  J.  Byington  the  cash  purchase 
price  piyable  to  him  under  the  terms  of  the  said  agreement  with  him  and  to 
allot  to  him  or  his  nominees  the  CCO.OOO  fully  paid  shares  of  fl  each,  which 
are  to  be  allotted  under  the  terms  thereof,  and  ft  pay  to  the  vendor  syndicate 
the  cash  purchase  price  pijablo  to  them  under  the  terms  of  the  agreement 
with  their  syndicate,  and  in  addition  to  allot  to  the  syndicate,  or  its  nominees, 
the  399,<i'.i.T  fullypaid  shares  of  £1  each,  which  are  to  be  allotted  pursuant  to 
the  terms  of  the  said  agreement.    Remuneration  as  fixed  by  the  company. 

Electric  Zinc  Co.,  Ltd.  (127,838).— Rp^istered  Mirch   istb 

by  Burchell.s,  r,,  The  Ssuciuary,  Westminster.  Capital  i'S.OOO.COO  in  £1  sharei 
(400,003  preference).  Oojects;  To  acquire,  work,  and  exercise  patents, 
inventions,  and  secret,  or  other  processes  for  the  extraction  of  zinc  and  other 
metals  from  their  ores,  slimes,  or  other  compounds  by  the  application  of  elec- 
tricity or  otherwise,  to  grant  licences  in  respect  thereof;  to  carry  on  the 
business  of  electricians,  electrical  and  mechanical  engineers,  and  contractors, 
suppliers  of  electricity,  contractors  of  and  dealers  in  all  kinds  of  apparatus 
and  things  required  for  or  capable  of  being  used  in  connection  with  the 
generation,  distribution,  supply,  accumulation,  and  employment  o!  electricity, 
winners  and  workers  of  electricity,  miners,  smelters,  mining  chemists,  dealers 
in  minerals,  plant,  and  machinerv,  Ac.  The  signatories  (with  one  share  each) 
are :— J.  A,  Braik,  20,  CambriJge  Road,  Wimb'eion,  accountant ;  W.  A.  French, 
171.  Carlingtord  Road,  Tottenham,  N„  cashier;  A  E.  Lambert,  32,  Blenheim 
Gardens,  Wallington,  solicitor  ;  C.  Vinco,  Croydon,  Elm  Park  Gardens, 
Barnes,  8.W.,  clerk ;  C.  Hendy,  5,  Marney  Road,  Clapham  Common,  S.W., 
clerk;  E.  G.  Robinson,  18,  Thornhill  Square,  Barnsbury,  N.,  clerk;  D.  A. 
Dennis,  8,  Lucerne  Road,  Thornton  Heath,  clerk.  Minimum  cash  sub- 
scription, seven  shares.  The  first  directors  (to  number  not  less  than  two  or 
more  than  10)  are  to  ba  appointed  by  the  signatories,  and  shall  be  entitled  to 
remain  in  office  until  the  c:ose  of  the  ordinary  general  meeting  for  the  year 
1916;  qualification  (except  first  directors,  who  require  none),  £250  ;  remunera- 
tion (except  managing  directors)  not  less  than  £30)  each  per  annum  (chair- 
man £200  extra).  The  preference  shares  shall  confer  the  right  to  a  fixed 
cumulative  preferential  dividend  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the 
oaptal  piid  thsreon.  Sibj^ct  tithe  righus  of  the  said  preference  shares  to 
such  dividend,  the  holders  of  the  ordinary  shares  shall  be  entitled  to  bs  paid 
out  of  the  surplus  profits  of  each  year  available  for  dividend,  divided  at  the 
rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum  for  that  year  on  the  amount  e-edited  as  paid  up 
on  the  ordinary  shares  held  by  them  respectively.  The  residue  of  the  surplus 
profits  of  each  year  available  for  dividend,  shall  belong  to  and  be  divided 
amorg  the  holders  of  the  preference  and  ordinary  shares  proportionately. 
Registered  ofHce,  5,  The  Sanctuary,  Westminster. 

Eastern  Electric    Co.,  Ltd.    (127.767).— This   company    was 

rcgis;eredon  March  Uth,  with  a  capital  of  £2,000  in  £1  shves,  to  take  over 
the  business  of  electrical  dealers  and  manufacturers,  carried  on  as  the  Eastern 
Electric  Co.,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  C.  E.  H.  Walter  andC.  Midworth, 
The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are:-C.  E.  H.  Walter,  11,  Queen 
Victoria  Street,  E.C  ,  civil  engineer;  C.  Midworth,  11,  Queen  Victoria  Street, 
E.G.,  electrical  engineer.  Private  ccmpany.  The  first  directors  are  C.  E.  H. 
Walter  and  C.  Midworth  (both  permanent).  Registered  office,  11,  Queen 
Victoria  Street,  E.C. 

"Der"  Trading:  Syndicate,  Ltd.  (127. K71),— This  company 

was  registered  on  March  19th,  with  a  capital  of  £1,003  in  £1  shares,  to  deal  in 
electric  light  and  other  lamps  and  globes,  wires  nnd  other  accessories  and 
fittings:  to  manufacture  electric  and  other  clocks,  accumulators,  Ac,  and  to 
adoptan  agreement  with  J.  R.  Ganlt.  The  subscrilurs  (with  one  share  each) 
are:— A,  E.  Derry,  217,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  8.W.,  gentleman;  J.  R.  Gault, 
14ft,  Fellowes  Road,  Hamp-,tead,  N.W.,  gentleman;  Dr.  S.  G.  Rum^chiysky, 
117,  Clifton  Hill,  N.W.  Private  compiny.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to 
be  less  than  two  or  more  tli  \n  five  ;  the  first  are  A.  E.  Darry,  J,  R.  Gault,  and 
Dr.  8.  G,  Rumschiysky.  Registered  by  Shepheards  &  Walters,  23,  Young 
Street,  Kensington,  W. 

Sfaipston  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.  (128.010).— This  company  was 

registered  on  March  28th,  with  a  ctpital  of  £3,500  in  £1  shares  (l,E0O  prefer- 
ence', to  take  over  the  business  of  an  electricity  supply  works  carried  on  at 
Camden  Road,  Sh  pston-on-Stonr,  Worcestershire.  The  subscribers  (with  10 
shares  each)  are  :— F,  E.  Brown,  03,  Parade,  Leamington  Spa,  electrical 
engineer;  .J.  M.  Herman,  10,  Rosefield  Street,  Leamington  Spa,  engineer. 
Private  compiny.  The  first  directors  are  F.  E.  Brown  (permanent)  and  F. 
Jonaf.  with  power  to  appoint  one  other  hifore  the  general  meeting  in  1914  ; 
qualification,  £1.W.  Rtgistered  by  Alfred  H.  Atkins,  Ltd.,  27-N  Fetter  Lane, 
E.C. 

Chalnieris,  Ltd.  (.s,. 500).— This  company  was  repristered  in  Edin- 
borgh  on  March  25tb,  with  a  capital  of  £2,0C0  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on  the 
basLiesi  of  electrical  engineers  and  manufacturers.  The  subscribers  (with 
one  share  each)  are  :  -E.  H.  A.  Bosioek,  ."i,  Burnbank  Terrace,  Glasgow,  thea- 
trical manager;  A.  Campbell,  Kilmoiy,  Ktlmacolm,  solicitor.  Private  com- 
pany. The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  m:;re  than  five  : 
the  first  are  E.  H.  A.  Bostock  and  A.  Campbell ;  qualification,  £1.  Registered 
ofBce,  1 18,  West  Regent  Street,  Glasgow. 

Headcorn  and  Maidstone'Llglit  Railway  Co.,  Ltd.  (128,000). 

—This  compiny  was  registered  on  March  28th,  with  a  capital  of  £10,000  in 
£1  share',  to  construct,  work  and  maintain  a  railway,  light  railway,  tramway, 
tramroad  or  other  permanent  or  semi  permanent  way  frcm  Hiadcom  to  Maid- 
stone, Koni.  The  subscribers  are  :— F.  O.  Langbam,  41a,  Robert  on  Street, 
Hastings,  solicitor,  1  share  ;  W.  G.  Hcott,  Sandrock,  Athelstan  Hoad,  Hastings, 
clerk,  1  share;  E.  H.  Langbam,  44a,  Robertson  btrect,  Hastings,  solicitor,  1 
share;  H.  F.Stephens,  Balford  Terrace,  Tonbridge,  civil  engineer,  100  shares; 
W.  A.Wardle.C,  Pump  Court.  Tc  inple,  E.C,  barrister.  lOOshares ;  A.  E,  Htrick,  172, 
Athelstan  Road,  Hastings,  cisik,  1  share  ;  A.  E.  Wilkex,  2,  Lome  Villas,  Harold 
Road,  Hastings,  clerk,  1  share  Minimum  casli  subscription,  £100.  The  first 
directors,  to  number  not  less  than  three  or  more  than  five,  are  F.  G.  Langham, 
H.  F.  Stephens  and  W.  A.  Wardl»  ;  remuneration,  £10  each  per  annum, 
Registered  ofDce,  Balford  Terrace,  Toobrldge, 


OFFICIAL    RETURNS    OF    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


London  and  Suburban  Traction  Co.,  Ltd  -Trust  deed,  dated   \ 

February  25th,  1913,  to  secure  £.'a'>0,000  4g  percent,  first  mortgage  debenture  ' 
stock,  charged  on  501,731  fully  paid  £1  fi  per  c  nt.  cumulative  preference  and 
492.P27  fully  paid  £1  ordinary  shares  in  Metropolitan  Electric  Tramwajs.  Ltd.  ; 
72.884  fully  paid  £10  6  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  and  96,534  fully  paid 
£10  ordinary  shares  in  London  United  Tramways  Ltd.;  20O,0C0  £1  shares  (Is. 
per  share  |)aid)  in  Ihe  Tramway  (M.E.T.)  Omnibus  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  all  further 
shares  (if  any)  of  any  class  in  such  companies  acquired  within  three  months. 
Trustees:  Parr's  Bank,  Ltd.,  4,  Bartholomew  Lane,  E.C.  : 

Electric  Ozone   Syndicate,   Ltd..— Capita),   £12,000  in  £10    i 

shares;  return  dated  November  19th,  1912  (filed  January  8th,  1913);  all  shares     ' 
taken   up  ;  £11,930  paid,  leaving   £70  in  arrears.     Mortgages  and  charges : 
£9,572  ICs.  .5d. 

Central  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.— Capital,  £100,000  in  £5 

shares;  return  dateil  February  18th,  1913  (filed  February  2.5th);  all  shares 
taken  up;  £100,000  paid.  Mortgages  and  charges:  £450,000  4  per  cent, 
guaranteed  debenture  stock. 

Lamp  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.— Capital,  £io,000in  £1  pharee;    ■ 

return  dated  February  16th,  1913  (filed  February  21st) ;  5,400  shares  taken  up  ;    \ 
£5,403  paid.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  £2,,500  debentures.  | 

Melbourne    Electric    Supply  Co.,   Ltd.— Tmst  deed,   dated    ! 

March  7tli,  191',  to  secure  5  per  cent,  debenture  stock  for  an  amount  not  ' 
exceeding  £500,000  or  the  amount  of  the  issued  share  capital  for  the  time  beicg, 
whichever  is  grcitor,  charged  on  cinpany's  undertaking,  and  assets,  present 
and  future,  subject  to  first  mortgage  debenture  stock,  except  uncalled  or 
unissued  capital  and  sums  placed  to  dividend  equalisation  account.  Trusters 
Electric  and  General  Investment  Co.,  Ltd.,  1  and  2,  Great  Winch<  ■ 
Street,  E.C. 

Adelaide  Development  Co.,  Ltd.  (64,,393).— Capital,  £42,50o  .n 

£10  shares.  Return  dated  December  81st,  1912.  All  shares  taken  up.  £10  per 
share  called  up  on  3,703  and  £3  on  220  shares.  £37.750  paid.  £3,0C0  con- 
sidered as  paid  on  SCO  shares.    Mortgages  and  charges :  Nil. 

Kangoon   Electric  Tramway    and    Supply  Co.,    Ltd.— A 

memorandum  of  satisfaction,  the  extent  of  £5,4C6  on  March  18th,  1913,  tf 
debenture  stock  dated  February  Ist,  1906,  and  December  22nd,  1908,  securing 
£250,000,  has  been  filed. 

South  London  Electric   Supply  Corporation,    Ltd.- Ifgue 

on  March  4th,  of  £300  debentures,  and  ou  March  18th,  1913,  of  £(jOO  debentures, 
parts  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have  already  been  filed. 

Eraser  &  Chalmers,  Ltd.— A  memorandum  of  satisfaction  on 

various  dates  from  March  21st,  1912,  to  February  20th,  191.3,  of  debentures  for 
£22,100,  in  respect  of  which  a  statement  under  Sec.  12  of  the  Companies'  Act, 
1907,  was  filed  on  October  8ih,  1908,  part  of  a  series  of  £350,000  fi  per  cent, 
debentures,  secured  by  a  mortgage  dated  June  30th,  1898,  has  been  filed. 

S.  Bornott  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (89,.565).— Capital,  £2.000  in  £1 
shares  (1.000  pref.).  Return  dated  March  10th.  1913.  950  ord.  and  757  pref. 
shares  taken  up.  £1  per  share  called  up  on  757  pref.  and  £1  53.  on  200  ord. 
£1,1X17  paid.  £750  considered  as  paid  on  750  ord.  shares.  Mortgages  and 
charges:  Nil. 

St.    .lames'   and    Pall    Mall   Electric    Light   Co.,    Ltd. 

(26,015), -Capital,  £300,000  in  £5  shares  (20,000  pref.).  Return  dated  March 
4th,  1913.  All  shares  taken  up.  £5  per  share  called  np  on  39,650  ord.  and 
23,000  pref.  £298.250  paid.  £1750  considered  as  paid  on  350  orfl.  Mortgages 
and  charges  :  £150,000  St  per  cent.  deb.  stock.  £125,000  i  per  cent,  guaranteed 
deb.  stock  of  the  Central  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  being  half  the  total  loan 
capital. 

National  Electric  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.  (62.605).— Capital, 

£5,000  in  £1  shares.  Return  dated  December  31st,  1912:  2,659  shares  taken 
up;  £651  paid;  £2,005  considered  as  paid.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 

Walsall  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.— Mortgrape  on  freehold  property, 

Nos,  57  03,  Bridge  Street,  Walsall,  Ac,  dated  March  7th,  1913,  to  secure  all 
moneys  due  or  to  become  due  from  the  company  to  London  City  and  Midland 
Bank,  Ltd. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Rliondda  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  of  this  company  was  held  at  the  offices, 
.S,  Laurence  Pountney  Hill,  E.C  ,  on  March  13th,  Mr.  L.  B. 
Schlesintrer  presiding.  Our  reporter  was  informed  that  the  meeting 
was  private,  but  he  was  subsequently  granted  permission  to  see  the 
chairman's  speech.  This  showed  that  after  providing  for  interest 
on  debentures  and  loan,  redemption  of  debentures,  rent  of  the 
Rhondda  U.D.C.,  and  depreciation,  there  was  a  balance  of  £2,778 
on  the  year's  working,  plus  £l,l!i8  brought  forward.  Out  of 
this.  £2,000  had  been  added  to  the  reserve  and  renewals  account, 
bringing  it  np  to  £10,000,  and  leaving  £1,97G  to  be  carried  forward. 
During  the  coal  strike  their  receipts  dropped  from  between  £!i00 
and  £1,000  per  week  to  as  low  as  £.594,  and  the  weekly  receipts 
following  the  termination  of  the  strike  were  £736.  £832,  £971, 
£y47  and  £1,064,  but,  unfortunately,  just  before  Whitsuntide  their 
own  employes  were  smitten  with  the  strike  fever,  and  put  forward 
extraordinary  demands  in  the  form  of  an  ultimatum,  which 
demands,  however,  after  careful  consideration  by  the  directors,  it  was 
decided  could  not,  in  the  interests  of  the  shareholders  and  the  future 
welfare  of  the  company,  be  entertained.  The  undertaking  was  closed 
down  forabouta  month,  but  no  damage  was  done  to  the  company's 
property,  and  as  evente  turned  out,  the  directors'  action  was  fully 
justified.  At  the  request  of  the  chairman  of  the  Rural  Council, 
who  had  been  approached  by  the  men,  Mr.  Cownie  was  asked  to 
meet  the  men's  committee  at  Perth,  and  this  he  did,  with  the 
result  that  on  the  following  day  the  strike  was  at  an  enij,  the  men 
returning  to  work  on  the  old  terms.  As  25  new  hands  had  in  the 
meantime  Ijeen  taken  on,  2.5  of  the  old  hands  had  to  stand  down 


Vol.  73.    No.  l.sin,  Apuil  I,  19l;i.l 


THE    ELECTRICAli    RE VI I- W 


tji'/.i 


iltbouH'h  within  a  nhort  tiiiiu  Uio  iiiiiiiuKi'r  waH  iililu  lo  od'vr  tin  in 
^raplf.ymont.  I'lifortunatfly,  however,  nn  the  Htriko  (icoiirrril  jiihI 
fffore  WhitHtintido,  one  of  Ihuir  bii;(;rHt  wci  kn,  the  conipnny  wnii 
lit  i>r<lty  heavily  ;  for  inwtanuo,  durini,'  VVhithiinlide  week  they 
•ertainly  looked  to  take  iieeiptN  up  fo  ahoiit  f  2,(110,  l,iit  they  only 
•an  one  day.  and  their  rdciptH  were  £liiH.  Allhoutfh  the  under- 
akintr  wan  oloHcd  down,  a  oouHiderable  portion  of  their  expenditure 
ilill  ran  on,  and  ho  thought  the  dircctorH  were  on  the  safe  Mido  in 
tatinjr  in  the  report  that  the  protit.i  huffered  to  the  extent  of 
C6,r>00  owinjf  to  the  coal  strike  and  the  Htrike  of  their  emplojeB. 
t  was  mentioned  in  the  report  that  the  receii)tH  for  the  six  niontbx 

0  December  '.Wat  last  amounted  to  *:ui,()00,  as  compared  with 
;  iy,700  for  the  previous  six  monttiH.  The  ( xtonsions  which  were 
l)cned  helped  the  receipts,  and  judtrintr  from  the  results  already 
btained,  tlio  oritjinal  traffic  estimates  from  the  extensions  would  be 
horouirhly  justified,  and  he  would  not  be  sur])ri>'ed  if  this 
ear  their  trallic  revenue  exceeded  iitJO.OOU,  provided  no  lurther 
ubour  troubles  were  experienced.  He  thouKht.  however,  that 
loth  masters  and  men  had  had  movgh  of  these  disputes, 
nd  that  every  fftort  would  be  made  to  keep  the  peace, 
he   directors,    however,    did    not    represent    philanthropists,    but 

nvestors,  who  naturally  looked  for  a  fair  return  upon  their  capital, 
ilthough  further  debentures  to  the  amount  of  £10,000  were  only 
isued  in  November,  1912,  and  interest  on  them  paid  from  that 
ate.  he  could  point  out  that  until  then  they  financed  the  construc- 
ion  of  the  extensions  by  loan  from  1  lie  bank,  on  which  interest  had  to 
epaid.  The  report  referred  to  a  Bill  which  was  beinp  promoted  to 
ouBtruct  a  railless  traction  system  to  serve  a  very  important  collery 
istrict  within  a  few  miles  of  their  terminus  at  Williamstown. 
'here  were  some  16  pits  beingr  sunk,  and  it  was  estimated  that 
'ithin  the  course  of  a  few  years  the  population  to  be  served  would 
ave  increased  from  approximately  14,00(i  to  over  .".O.OOi'.  They 
rere  asked  by  the  manaper  of  the  collieries  in  question  to  provide 
ravelling  facilities  for  the  miners,  and,  after  studying  the  scheme, 
fiey  came  to  the  conclusion  that  if  powers  could  be  obtained  on 
iasonable  terms,  the  scheme  would  be  a  profitable  one  for  the 
Dmpany,  and  would  bring  considerable  extra  traffic  over  the  trnm- 
■ays.  The  capital  account  now  stood  at  £304.200,  an  increase  of 
3.'>,581.  The  discount  on  debentures  issued  to  cover  the  cost  of  the 
xtensions  had  been  added  to  the  acccunt,  and  after  deducting  the 
ebentures  redeemed,    the  amount  was    £21,400,  compared   with 

1  ".1,800  for  last  year.  To-day  they  had  at  the  bank  and  on  loan 
l.">,000,  so  that  as  regarded  finance  the  company  was  in  a  strong 
Dsition.  Turning  to  the  revenue  account  proper,  comparison 
ith  the  revenue  account  for  1911  was  impossible,  having  regard 
I  the  troubles  already  referred  to.  The  speaker  referred  to  a 
umber  of  items.  Traffic  expenses  amountul  to  £9,953,  as  com- 
ited  with  £10,315,  the  decrease  being  due  to  the  strike.  General 
cpenses  amounted  to  £7,336,  compared  with  £ri,7S<i,  a  small 
icrease.  Repairs  and  maintenance  amounted  to  £4,SSlt,  as 
>mpared  with  £4,226,  the  increase  being  largely  due 
1  repairs  on  cars,  which  were  overhauled  and  repainted, 
raffic  revenue  was  £49,778,  an  increase  of  £l,oGl, 
hich  was  very  gratifying  under  the  circumstances, 
hile  the  results  must  be  unsatisfactory  to  the  shareholders,  they 
ere  satisfactory  to  the  directors,  considering  the  troublous  experi- 
ices  of  the  year,  which  no  foresight  on  their  part,  or  on  the  part 

'  the  management,  could  have  prevented.  A  word  of  praise  was 
le  to  the  manager,  Mr.  Nesbitt,  for  the  manner  in  which  he  had 
mdled  the  business  throughout  the  year,  and  particularly  during 
le  strike.  The  thanks  of  the  shareholders  were  due  to  Mr. 
wnett  for  his  numerous  visits  to  Rhondda  on  behalf  of  the  beard, 
was,  of  course,  a  great  regret  to  the  directors  that  they  were 
lable  to  recommend  a  dividend,  but  a  careful  study  of  the  results, 
gether  with  the  opinions  that  he  had  been  able  to  give  them, 
uld  only  lead  to  one  conclusion,  viz.,  that  they  had  in  the 
tondda  Tramways  a  valuable  undertaking  with  great  potentiali- 
!8,  and  all  that  was  wanted  to  obtain  a  satisfactory  return  upon 
leir  capital,  was  peace  in  the  labour  world.  Their  traffic  receipts 
om  January  1  st  to  March  12th  were  £11,004,  as  compared  with 
?,163,  or  an  increase  of  £1,841. 
Mr.  J.  T.  Jebtis  seconded  the  motion,  which  was  adopted. 


Browett,    Lindley  &  Co.,    Ltd. — According   to   the 

iiaiicUd  Xewf,  the  gross  profit  for  1912  was  £5  253.  After 
ducting  £2,191  for  bank  and  debenture  interest,  and  £5,019  for 
preciation,  there  remains  a  loss  on  the  year's  working  of  .*:  1,965, 
iking,  with  the  former  adverse  balance,  a  present  debit  to  profit 
,d  loss  of  £1 7,562.  The  adverse  trading  is  attributed  to  low  prices 
r  contracts,  the  continuous  rise  in  the  cost  of  materials,  increased 
iges,  and  the  coal  strike.  The  directors  state  that  the  orders  now 
the  books  are  at  better  prices.  The  preference  dividend  remains 
paid  since  December,  1901. 

Oriental  Telephone  anrt  Electric  Co..  Ltd.— At  the 

nnal  meeting  on  30th  inst.  (subject  to  final  audit")  the  directors 
11  recommend  the  following  dividends : — At  the  rate  of  6  per 
at.  per  annum  on  the  preference  shares  for  the  half  year  ended 
icember,  less  income-tax  :  a  final  dividend  of  7  per  cent,  on  the 
iinary  shares  issued,  free  of  income-tax,  making  a  total  of  10  per 
lit.  for  the  year.  The  share  transfer  books  will  be  closed  from 
iril  17th  to  30th,  inclusive. 

Continental     Mote.  —  Switzerland.  —  La      Societe 

illectricite  Alioth,  of  Basle,  which  has  a  working  arrtingement 
th  Messrs.  Brown,  Boveri  A:  Co.,  of  Baden,  is  declaring  a  dividend 
4i  per  cent,  for  the  last  financial  year,  the  same  aa  for  the  pre- 
ling  12  montha. 


.iriiroulii  i:ic(irJc  MkIi!  ami  I'ower  (o„  Lid. 

At  Ihu  lifth  annual  niiftiii(f,  lnld  en  I  ridny,  Mr.  fi'-.r-.-.-  Milf-  -ir  prr. 

niilwl.     The  np:.rt  nhowi-d  lliiil  ihc  prolil  for  th 

£1,710,  pluH  KH'><,  brouifht  forAiir.l,  while  /C17' 

for  intereiit,  leaviiijf  a    tuliiiii:e  of   £2,1:^6.     'It,. 

to  apply  to  renerve  luid   mn-wul  fundH  if.OO  ;   I  r 

cent,  on  preference  dmrii',  £|M  ;   in  payment  ol 

cent,  on  ordinary  shares,  >:>',>*:,  ;  anil  tucarry  fi>r .     ..  ..'. 

to  deduction  of  <iirectorii  and  auditom  foe*.  The  gener»l  Iiiioidmh 
of  the  company  was  uteadily  .xti.-nding.  and  there  ho'l  lately 
been  a  large  and  increuHing  dt  niund  for  jiower.  In  view 
of  this,  the  directors  hud  resolved  to  inlarge  the  plant  at  the 
elictric  fctation,  and  the  additionH  would  be  carried  out  daring  the 
course  of  the  present  year. 

Mil.  Bai.ioi  II  referred  to  the  increoHe  in  capital  from  £30,ooy  to 
£40,0(10,  which  had  been  divided  into  1.'..000  preferfnoc  »hare«  nnd 
25,000  ordinary  shares.  He  ix>inted  out  that  with  the  icjinc  '■!  i  - 
ference  shares  there  was  no  likelihood  of  it  ever  being  n<'' 
to  issue  debentures,  as  the  preference  i-hares  would  provide,  apprnxi- 
inately,  the  amount  required  for  repajing  txisting  loanp,  and  pro- 
viding for  increa.'^ing  the  plant  capacity  at  the  p<jwcr  ptation  by 
approximately  130  p'-r  cent,  of  the  existing  plant.  The  directors 
had  nsolved  during  the  comitg  summer  to  install  additional 
generating  plant.  Tower-ueers  in  this  country  had  on!)  recently 
wakened  up  to  the  great  advantage  of  electricity  fcr  power  pur- 
poses, and  this  was  particularly  noticeable  in  Arbroath,  as  the  com- 
pany had  secured  the  leading  engineering  and  manufacturing.'  firms 
as  consumers  for  driving  the  whole  of  their  works.  The  prospecti 
of  the  company  were  exceedingly  bright,  and  but  for  the  increase! 
price  of  coal,  which  materially  affected  costs  during  l'.il2,  the 
results  shown,  excellent  as  they  were,  would  have  been  still  better. 
The  motion  adopting  the  report  and  accounts,  and  declaring  a 
dividend  of  3  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares  was  unanimously 
carried. 


Provincial    Cineniato^raph     llieatres,    Ltd.— This 

company  held  its  annual  meeting  on  Tuesday  at  the  Holborn 
Restaurant.  The  report  showed  receipts  from  theatres  for  the  year 
amounting  to  £198,702,  and  the  trading  profit  £.'<U,355,  an  increase 
of  £33,250  over  1911.  After  providing  for  debenture  interest  and 
redemption,  preferred  dividend,  depreciation,  writing  off  pre- 
liminary expenses,  and  issue  of  preference  shares,  and  carrying 
£5,000  to  reserve,  the  ordinary  dividend  is  20  per  cent.,  and  there 
is  a  bonus  of  4  per  cent,  upon  debentures.  The  company  is  going  to 
issue  210.000  7|  per  cent,  cumulative  "B"  preference  shares  of  £1 
each  for  redeeming  the  debentures  and  extending  the  business, 
including  the  erection  of  new  theatres  in  Edinburgh,  I'ortsmonth, 
Newcastle  and  elsewhere,  and  the  enlargement  of  existing  ones. 

Braunton  EUctric   Li»lit  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— 

The  first  annual  report  of  the  directors  congratulated  the  share- 
holders upon  the  success  attained.  The  net  revenue  account  show^ed 
a  profit  of  £81.  and  the  directors  recommended  payment  of  a  divi- 
dend of  5  per  cent,  (less  income-tax)  on  the  cumulative  preference 
shares  from  October  1st,  1911,  which  would  amount  to  £29. 
writing  £30  off  the  formation  expenses,  atd  carryicg  forward  £21. 
Mr.  T.  Yto,  C.C.  (chairman  of  directors),  who  presided,  said  the 
capital  authorised  to  be  raised  was  5,0CO  £  I  shares,  divided  into 
1,000  5  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  shares,  and  4.000  ordinary 
shares,  each  of  £1,  and  the  amount  of  capital  issued  "totalled 
£3,250  of  fuUy  paid  shares.  That,  he  said,  was  found  not  quite 
sufficient  for  the  whole  matter,  but  the  directors  did  not  feel 
there  was  any  necessity  for  the  calling  up  of  extra  capital,  think- 
ing it  better  to  raise  a  certain  amount  out  of  revenue  account. 
So  far  as  they  could  see,  their  present  machinery,  equipment  and 
capital  in  hand,  would  be  sufficient.  He  moved  the  adoption  of 
the  accounts,  and  observed  they  had  good  reason  to  be  gratified  at 
the  first  years  results.    The  report  was  adopted. 

Wemyss    and    District   Tramways   Co.— Mr.    (ieo. 

Balfour,  of  Balfour.  Beattie  &  Co.,  moved  the  adoption  of  the  report 
at  the  annual  general  meeting  on  Saturday.  He  intimated  that  it 
was  the  intention  of  the  directors  to  double  the  line  by  degrees 
until  the  whole  service  was  lined  up.  Councillor  Barrow.  Leven, 
who  seconded,  drew  attention  to  the  congestion  which  existed  in  the 
service,  and  also  asked  when  the  electric  cable  would  be  laid  through 
Leven.  Jlr.  Balfour  said  he  was  afraid  they  could  do  nothing  with 
the  congestion  until  the  whole  line  was  doubled  and  double-decked 
cars  were  mn.    The  report  was  adopted. 

Newmarket    Electric   Light  Co.,    Ltd.— Mr.  F.   E. 

Gripper  presided  at  the  annual  meeting  of  this  company,  and  said 
that  the  revenue  had  increased  during  the  year  by  £300,  and  the 
expenses  by  £158.  The  coal  bill  had  advanced  by  £95.  The  report 
was  adopted. 

lialiroorlie  Electric  Power  and  LisEhting:  Corporation, 

Ltd. — The  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  on  the  preference 
shares  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum  for  the  six  months  ending' 
March  31st,  1913,  payable  April  28th. 

Lancashire    Dynamo    and    Motor    Co..   Ltd. — The 

Finaucirr  states  that  the  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  at  the 
rate  of  10  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares,  making  7i  per  cent,  for 
the  year,  placing  £6,000  to  reserve  iund,  and  carrying  forward 
£1,6»4-. 


670 


THE    SLECTBlCAl.    REVIEW, 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,S45,  Apeil  4,  1913. 


Folkestone  Electricity  Supply  (o.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  wa?  held  on  Thursday  last  week.  Aluekm.\s 
Spuhi-en,  J.P  ,  who  presided,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the 
report,  said  they  had  had  a  very  fair  years  work.  There 
had  been  an  increase  in  the  receipts  of  £1,41T.  and  if 
that  had  stood  alone  they  would  have  hn^l  a  good  year. 
It  wa.",  however  neutralised  by  the  fact  of  the  increased 
cost  of  £1,87;!,  which  put  them  £4.56  on  the  debit  side.  The 
increased  cost  of  coal  owing  to  the  strike  had  been  £1.128.  Ashe 
told  them  last  year,  the  mine-owners,  owing  to  the  unrest  of  the 
miners,  were  cautious  about  entering  into  contracts,  and.  unfor- 
tunately, they  were  caugi?t  just  at  a  bad  time,  and  their  coal  worked 
out  at  3p.  4  }d.  per  ton  more  than  in  the  previous  year  ;  but  they 
had  made  a  saving  in  the  amount  of  coal  per  unit.  They  were 
looking  forward  to  the  time  when  the  Kent  coalfields  were  developed 
and  when  they  would  be  able  to  get  a  supply  in  their  own  neigh- 
bourhood. Personally,  he  was  very  hopeful  that,  in  another  IS 
months,  they  would  get  their  supply  from  the  Kent  coalfields. 
Rates  and  taies  had  also  increased  considerably,  and  the  national 
taxes,  with  the  National  Insurance  Act,  represented  an  increase  of 
£2tti.  They  had,  however,  written  oft  £6,073  on  depreciation 
account,  and  that  fund  now  stood  at  £2s,,-,73.  and  in  addition  to 
that  they  had  carried  £4,10o  to  reserve  fund.  Shareholders  might 
say  that  £2n,000  depreciation  fund  was  very  large.  All  their  plant 
in  active  use  was  in  e-xcellent  order,  but  new  machinery  .vas  con- 
stantly being  brought  out,  and  they  might  find  it  imperative  some 
day  to  get  rid  of  some  of  the  present  machines  and  introduce  others 
of  a  newer  tyjie.  They  had  had  a  good  year  eo  far  as  new  lamps 
were  concerned.  They  had  put  in  7.104.  as  against  0.100  last  year, 
and  they  had  1  >!•  more  consumers.  There  were  no  bank  charges,  as 
they  had  a  deposit  of  over  £10.000.  and  altogether  things  looked 
very  hopf  fu).  He  moved  the  adoption  of  the  report  and  that  a  divi- 
dend of  6  percent,  be  paid  for  the  half-year,  making  G  per  cent,  for 
the  whole  year,  lees  income-tax. 

Alderm.\n  Pkxfx)LD  seconded,  and  it  was  carried. 


Tynenionth  and  District  Electric  Traction  Co.,  Ltd. 

Mk.  H.  S.  Day  presided  on  26th  ult.  at  the  Electrical  Federation 
Ortioee,  Kingsway,  W.C,  over  the  annual  meeting  of  this  company. 

The  Ch.\irm.\x,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report,  said  that 
the  total  revenue  for  the  year  amounted  to  £13,661,  a  decrease  of 
£508  compared  with  1911,  and  after  deducting  all  expensee  charge- 
able to  revenue,  including  £1,000  for  renewals,  and  writing  ofiE  a 
loss  of  £278  on  the  sale  of  consols,  there  remained  a  surplus  on 
the  yi-ar's  working  of  £4,377,  which,  with  £551  brought  forward 
from  last  account,  made  an  available  balance  of  £4,929.  The 
directors  had  placed  £1,250  to  reserve,  and  recommended  a  dividend 
of  •"  per  cent,  on  the  cumulative  preference  shares  and  4  per  cent. 
on  the  ordinary  shares,  and  that  £297  be  carried  forward. 
With  the  sum  recommended  this  year  the  renewals  and 
reserve  funds  of  the  company  would  amount  to  £19,.")02. 
Trade  during  the  year  at  Tynemouth  was  very  nnsettlef', 
owing  to  the  coal  strike  in  the  first  portion  of  the  period,  and  the 
strike  of  railway  men  on  the  Xorth-Eattern  Railway  later,  but  a 
better  condition  of  afifairs  now  existed,  and  he  thought  the  present 
year  would  show  an  expansion  of  the  improvement.  He  was  pleased 
to  say  tbatso  far  their  net  position  this  year  compared  most  favour- 
ably with  the  same  period  of  1!»12.  They  had  carried  1,992.0C0  pat- 
sengers  during  the  year,  as  compared  with  2,093,000  in  1911,  a 
decrease  of  101,000.  This  decrease  was  entirely  due  to  the  bad 
weather  experienced  during  the  summer.  The  average  traffic 
receipts  per  passenger,  l'.'.3d  ,  remained  the  same,  chiefly  due  to  the 
increased  fares  put  in  force  during  the  year,  whilst  the  average 
expenditure-  per  passenger,  •87d.,  also  remained  the  same. 
The  proportion  of  expenses  to  receipts,  r>6  per  cent.,  remained 
the  same,  whilst  the  number  of  car-milea  run  had  decreased  by 
3,379.  The  negotiations  with  the  Tyneside  Corporation  for  an  ex- 
tension of  the  line  to  Preston  Village  was  still  proceeding,  and  it 
was  hoped  that  satisfactory  terms  would  be  arranged  for  carrying 
ont  the  work  of  construction.  The  junction  formed  with  the 
Tyneside  Tramways  and  Tramroads  Co.  with  the  tramways  of  the 
Tynemouth  Co.  in  North  .Shields  for  the  purpose  of  improving  the 
int«rchange  of  traffic  between  the  two  companies  had  proved 
satisfactory. 

Mb.  S.  J  So.MEBVii.LE  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted  without  discussion. 


inierican    Telephone    and    Telfirrapb     Co.— The 

directors  report  for  1 9 1 2,  which  has  appeared  in  the  financial  papers 
in  abstract  during  the  past  week,  shows  that  the  net  earnings  were 
$37,907,644.  an  increase  of  $4.<;06,39"<  over  1911.  The  interest  charges 
were  f.">,844.';99,  and  the  dividends,  at  the  regular  rate  of  8  per  cent, 
per  annum,  were  §26,01.5,588.  Of  the  balance.  S<;,047.357,  there  was 
carried  to  reserve  S2,800,0O0.  and  to  surplus  5:',247,3.57.  During  the 
year  ?fl3,r,.52,000  of  new  stock  was  insued  under  the  offer  of 
JuEc  2tith,  1911.  In  addition,  $2,726,200  of  stotk  was  issued  upon 
convention  of  bonds,  making  the  total  increase  of  capital  stock 
during  1912  »16,37x.20O.  .\t  the  close  of  businfss  December  31  st, 
1912.  $132,998,000  of  the  « 1 .50,000,000  of  convertible  bonds  of  19(i6 
h«d  been  handed  in  for  conversion,  leaving  outstandipg  at  the  end 
of  the  year  ll7.fX»2^(ioo,  a  reduction  in  1912  of  $3,4.57,000.  The 
number  of  shareholders,  50,297,  on  December  31st,  1912,  shows  an 
increase  of  2  95i.  during  the  year.  As  to  the  future  of  the  com- 
pany, the  board  state  it  wai  never  brighter. 


Berlin  Elevated  and  I'ndergroond  Railway. 

The  reportof  theGesellschaft  fiirElektrischeHoch  nnd  Unter^rrund- 
bahnen,  of  Berlin,  for  1912,  states  that  the  extensions  in  progress, 
according  to  the  programme,  were  so  far  advanced  in  the  year 
that  the  prospective  opening  to  traffic  of  the  northern  section  from 
the  Spittelmarkt,  rii'i  the  Alexander  Platz  to  the  Schonhauser 
AUee,  will  take  place  in  May,  and  the  south-western  sections  from 
Wittenberg  Platz  to  the  Numberger  Platz.  and  to  the  Kurfiirsten- 
damm,  in  September  of  the  present  year.  By  means  of  these  pro- 
longations the  length  of  the  railway  will  be  increased  from 
1 1  miles  to  158  miles,  and  that  of  all  the  lines  operated  by  the 
company  from  127  miles  to  22  miles,  including  the  level  railway 
and  the  communal  lines  to  be  connected  with  the  Numberger  Platz 
station.  The  complementary  line  from  the  "  triangle  "'  station  to  the 
Wittenberg  Plat/  will  re-establish  direct  connection  between  the 
Eistem  line  and  the  West,  and  the  triangle  station  will  then  btcome 
a  junction  for  two  large  through  lines,  sanction  having  already 
been  given  to  the  section  between  the  triangle  and  the  Potedamer 
Strasse.  The  accounts  show  the  following  results  for  the  two 
years  : — 


Share  capital    . .  . . 

W.iiking  receiptM 
Working;  expemes 
Working  surplus 
Variooi  receipts 
Brought  forward 

Gross  profits 

Interest  on  loans 

Renewal  fund 

Local  taxes       . .         

Depreciation 

Net  profits  and  balance  fonvard  . 

Dividend  

Dividend,  per  cent 


1912. 

isai. 

i'a.soo.oco 

i-2„'W.000 

415,(X0 

414,000 

2Lr,.00O 

1(19,000 

209,000 

215,000 

79,0C0 

IK),000 

3i,roo 

21,000 

niit.ooo 

303,0C1) 

81,000 

HO,0CO 

;«,ooo 

llfi.COO 

M,900 

9,000 

3,600 

3,G00 

176,000 

1«2.000 

127,000 

122,000 

6 

H 

The  dividend  is  on  paid-up  capital  of  £2,125,000,  and  the  interest 
is  on  loans  totalling  £3,492,500.  During  the  year  the  number  of 
passengers  carried  was  62,731,827,  as  compared  with  62.585,512  in 
the  preceding  year,  and  the  average  receipts  per  passenger  were 
r52d.,  or  a  fraction  leas  than  in  1911.  The  train-miles  run 
amounted  to  2.34  7,275,  the  trains  being  composed  of  from  two  to 
four  coaches,  and  the  rolling  stock  at  the  end  of  1912  comprised 
143  motor  coaches  and  116  trailers.  It  is  now  proposed  to  increase 
the  share  capital  by  £500,000.  and  the  loan  capitalal  also  by  £500,000, 
in  order  to  provide  for  the  extensions  in  progress  or  in  contempla- 
tion. 


Prospectus. — Alinas  Geraes  Eleclrir  Light  (tnd  Tram- 
uai/a  Co. — The  list  was  to  close  on  Wednesday  in  an  offer  of 
£120,000  .",  per  cent,  first  mortgage  bonds  at  90J  per  cent,  the 
principal  and  interest  being  unconditionally  guaranteed  by  the 
Government  of  the  Stat"  of  Jlinas  Geraes,  Brazil.  A  letter  from 
the  chairman  of  the  company  issued  with  the  prospectus  states  as 
follows  : — "  The  properties  comprised  in  the  lease  include  four 
electric  generating  plants,  of  which  three  are  water-powers  and 
one  is  steam.  The  first  hydro-electric  plant,  situated  on  the  River 
das  Pedras,  about  25  miles  from  the  City  of  Bello  Horizonte,  has  a 
capacity  of  about  l.iiOO  ii.P.,  and  is  now  being  equipped  with  a  new 
unit  of  about  800  HP.  The  company  is  now  building  a  new  trans- 
mission line  with  300  steel  towers.  The  second  hydro-electric  plant, 
situated  on  the  River  .Santa  Barbara,  about  45  miles  from  the  city, 
has  a  capacity  of  about  665  h  p.,  and  is  now  ready  for  the  installa- 
tion of  a  new  water  turbine  of  about  330  H.P.  A  further  10,000  H. P. 
can  be  developed  at  this  point  when  required.  The  third  hydro- 
electric plant,  situated  on  the  River  Arrudas,  about  three  milee 
from  the  city,  has  a  capacity  of  about  330  H.P.,  and  is  already  fully 
equipped  for  the  generation  of  electric  power.  The  fourth  is  a 
steam  plant,  situated  near  the  distributing  station  in  the  city,  and 
is  used  as  an  auxiliary  plant,  its  capacity  being  about  1,400  h.p. 
The  company  has  the  exclusive  right,  subject  to  the  terms  of  the 
lease,  for  the  period  mentioned,  to  supply  electric  light  and  power 
and  to  operate  the  tramways  and  telephone  system  of  the  City  of 
Bello  Horizonte.  The  total  length  of  the  tramway  system  is 
19  miles.  The  municipality  has  entered  into  a  contract  with  the 
company  for  the  public  lighting  of  the  city  until  1965.  In  respect 
of  the  period  from  April  Ist.  1912,  to  January  3l8t  1913,  the  net 
earnings  of  the  company,  after  allowing  for  the  rental  to  be  paid  to 
the  State,  amounted  to  £12,327,  being  at  the  rate  of  £14,784  per 
annum,  or  sufficient  to  pay  the  interest  and  sinking  fund  of  those 
bonds  more  than  twice  over.  The  company  is  paying  dividends  on 
its  share  capital  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum.'' 

A/i-icaii  .Vim  Mines,  Lid. — A  prospectus  is  in  circulation  offering 
an  issue  of  60,OCO  shares  of  5s.  each  in  this  company,  which  has  been 
formed  to  acquire  mining  rights  and  work  mica  deposit  in  Trans- 
vaal Colony.  Estimates  given  in  the  prospectus  show  on  a  sale  of 
£0  tons  of  trimmed  electrical  mica,  realising  £500  per  ton,  a  profit 
on  the  first  year's  working  of  £20,500.  The  nominal  capital  is 
£40,000  in  5s".  shares. 

Sontli  .Metropolitan  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co., 

Ltd. — The  warrants  for  interest  on  the  4  J  per  cent,  first  mortgage 
debenture  stock,  payable  on  the  Ist  inst.,  for  the  six  months  ended 
that  date,  have  been  posted. 

Rees  Roturbo  Hanufacturing  Co.,  Ltd. — According 

to  a  financial  daily,  after  providing  for  administration  expenses 
and  interest  on  loans,  the  accounts  for  1912  show  a  net  profit  of 
£2,031,  thus  converting  the  debit  balance  of  £  1,544  brought  forward 
into  a  credit  of  £487,  which  the  directors  propose  to  carry  forward. 


Vol.  72.    No.  l.Hir.,  Antii,  I,  l!)i;t. 


TOR    RLF.CTRf(!A^.    RKVIKW. 


07 


UritiHli   Aluiiilniuiii  Co,,  Lt«l. 

Mil.  A.  \V.  Tait   (chairiiiaii)   |irL'«i(J((l   pii    I'riduy   at   WiiichcMtcr 
IIouHe,  E.C  ,  over  the  meeting  of  this  cciiipuny. 

The  CiiAiBMAN,  in  inovinp  the  adoptinir  of  the  report  (»ee  Elec- 
TBIOAI,  Uk\  IKW,  p.  :,:\H),  sold  that  the  tradinif  profit  for  the  year, 
toifother  with  intoreht  and  dividend  on  inventment.i  and  tlie  revenim 
ileiived  from   the    Kinloohleven   and    FoverH   MstatcH  nml    tran»fi'r 
fees,    wuH    £  1'.)  I,,"*!' I,  AH  ('.onipared   witli   K\''i'.'M'.'  fur  the  proviouM 
year,   or   un    increase  of   £  I  l,'.il.'l'.       Tlie   renultH  for  the  yiar  were 
satisfactory    considering;    the  priceH    whiili    liad   nilrd  durini;  the 
period,  which  were  exceptionally   low   owintr  to  the  keen  competi- 
tion   of  foreign    producers.       The   avernKc  price  olitaincd  for  the 
metal  was  even  lower  than  durintf  the  previous  year,  when  prices 
were  also  at  an  unsatisfactory  level.     .These  results  had  only  been 
achieved   by  a  substantial  increase  in  output  and  come  dccreaee  in 
cost  of  production.      The  increa.se  in  profits  was  almost  entirely 
accounted  for   by  the  increase    in   the   trading,'  profit,    which    had 
risen  from  iillO,;!7X  in  I'.Hl,  to  *'  ISI,r,29  for  the  year  r,il2.     There 
were^li^ht  variations  in  the  amount  of  dividends  on   investments 
and  interest  on  deposits,  but  the  increase  in  the  former  was  almost 
negatived  by  the  decrease  in  the  latter.      Theie  was  also  a  slight 
decrease  in  the  revenue  from  the  Kinlochleven  and  Foyers  E-states, 
and  a  small  increase  in  the  amount  of  transfer  feec.       The  output 
and  sales  for  the  year  were  (jreater  than  in  any  previous  jrar  since 
the  company's  business  was  founded.  The  continued  expansion  in  the 
demand  for  metal  was  an  encouraginp  feature  of  tlie  business,  and  if 
this  continued  the  surplus  of  the  productive  capacity  of  all  existinfr 
works  over  the  world's  consumption   would   be   rapidly    taken  up. 
The  contracts  which  had  .-^o  far  been  made  for  delivery  over  the 
current  year  were  satisfactory,  and  the  prices,  of  cour.se,  showed  a 
material  improvement  over  those  of  last  year,  so  that  there  was 
every  reason  to  believe  that  when  they  came  to  present  accounts  to 
the  shareholders  next  year,  the  position  should  show  some  further 
material  improvement.    The  company  had  purchased  the  reduction 
and  carbon  works  at  Vigelands,  near  Christiansand  Norway,  which 
were  controlled  by   the   Angjlo-Xorwegian   Aluminium   Co.      This 
purchase  was   concluded  by  the  board  after  the  works  had  been 
visited  by  their  experts,  and  their  reports  duly  considered,  and  in 
the  opinion  of  the  board,  it  was  an  advantagfeous  purchase  for  the, 
company.    These  works  were  well  and  substantially  built,  and  weie 
able  to  grive  a  considerable  production  of  aluminium  all  the  year 
round.    They  were  also  capable  of  important  development  without 
very  larg:e  capital  expenditure.     Part  of  the  purchase  price  had  been 
paid,  and  the  balance  of  the  purchase  price  would  be  paid  within 
the  next  few  months,  and  as  this  was  beinf;  done  entirely  out  of  the 
internal  resources  of  the  company  without  the  necessity  of  raisinfr 
any  additional  capital,  the  shareholders  would  appreciate  the  con- 
siderable improvement  in  their  position,  owinfj  to  the  fact  that  the 
company  now  controlled  a  substantially  larsjer  output  than  pre- 
viously.     These  works  were  in  full  operation,  and  the  company 
would  obtain  the  benefit  of  it  in  the  current  year's  accounts.     The 
increase  in  the  production  of  aluminium  necessitated   the  increase 
in    the    company's    capacity     of      production    of    alumina.       In 
order  to  supplement  the  supply  of  the  works  at  Liirne,  which  were 
sulticient  for  the  requirements  of  the  three  works  at  Kinlochleven, 
Foyers,  and  Stangfiord,  the  pureihase  had  been  made  of  one-half 
intierest  in  the  works  of  the  Bauxite  Refining  Co.,  at  Hebburnon- 
Tyne,  which  gave  the  company  the  right  to  one-half  the  output  of 
these  works.     Certain  additions  were  at   present  being   made   to 
increase  the  capacity  of  these  works,  and  it  was  expected  that  these 
extensions  would  be  completed  in   the   course   of    the  next  three 
months.       At  the   last   two    meetings    he    had    mentioned    that 
extension  had  been  carried  out  at  the  rolling  mills  at  Jlilton,  Stafford- 
shire, which  had  now  been  brought'up  to  their  full  capacity  under 
existing  conditions.     In  order  to  cope  with  the  increased  demand 
for  the  company's  manufactures,  arrangements  had  been  completed 
for  the  acquisition  of  land  and  buildings  at  Warrington,  Lancashire, 
and  the  site  provided  for  considerable  future  expansion  if  necessary. 
These  had  been  obtained  on  favourable  terms,  and  contracts  had 
been  made  for  the  supply  of  rolling  plant,  and  it  was  expected 
that  these  works  would  be  in -operation  at  the  end  of  this  year,  or 
the  beginning  of  next.      As  the  demand  increased,  further  plant 
would  be  put  in,  so  that  the  shareholders  would  observe  that  this 
was  a  growing  and  important  part  of  the  company's  business.    The 
directors  were  of  opinion  that  it  was  a  wise  policy  to  extend  this 
part  of  the  business,  because  it  enabled  the  company  to  be  more 
independent  of  fluctuations  which  might  take  place  in  the  demand 
for   ingot   metal,   while  the   business   was   in   itself  a    profitable 
one,   which    contributed    a    substantial    amount    to    the    general 
trading  profits  of  the  company.     The  demand  for  sheets  and  circles, 
tubes,   and    other    forms,  continued    to    grow   in    a  satisfactory 
manner,  and  the  increase  in  the  demand  from  the  electrical  industry 
for  the  use  of  the  metal  in  transmission  lines,  insulated  cables,  and 
switchboard  work,  showed  encouraging  expansion.     All  the  works 
of  the  company  had  been  operated  satisfactorily  during  the  year, 
and  the  whole  of  the  plants  had  been  maintained  in  a  thoroughly 
efiScient  manner  out  of  revenue.    The  pliint  installations  referred 
to  in   the  last  report  had  all  been  completed,  and  were  working 
satisfactorily.    The  reduction  works  at  Kinlochleven,  Foyers  and 
Stangfiord,  had  been  practically  fully  employed,  and  he  was  pleased 
to  say  that  the  reservoir  capacity  at  Kinlochleven  had  been  suflBcient 
for  all  their  requirements  during  the  year,  and  at  the  end  of  the 
year  the  reservoir  was  oveiti.owing.      Trade  in  general  for  the  year 
1912  was  con.siderably  interrupted,  and  the  company's  business  in 
particular  was  directly  affected  by  the  coal  and  deck  strikes.    The 
shareholders  were  probably  aware  that  they  were  very  large  con- 
sumers of  ooal  at  their  Alumina  Works  and  at  their  rolling  mills, 
but  they  were  able,  by  making  proper  provision  beforehand,  to  keep 
these  works  in  full  operation  during  the  whole  period  of  the  coal 


utrike.  Thin,  however,  wan  only  done  at  ronndtthhU-  ':rint,  owloir 
to  the  incrftimtl  price  of  (.ml,  and  he  w»ji  kfraid  fh»t,  ««  the  rmult 
of  that  Htrike,  cual  priciti  were  likely  to  )«  on  a  biithrr  Ivvi  I  for 
«omt!  time  to  ccme.  There  had  aliio  been  a  contiderable  rlM  tn 
freight  ratcn  during  the  year,  due  to  Ktneral  commercial  activity. 
They  w«  re,  howtve r,  alwayn  cndpaTouring  to  improve  their  mttbcdii 
of  production,  and  rrcnomien  were  LeinK  inadi^  fi'm  time  to  t-tr.<-, 
all  of  which  had  a  cumulative  ami  grcwinif  <  fTect  .  *f.d  althcDKh 
last  year  njffered  bircauce  of  Ihfue  abnormal  njx-ni'ef,  he  did  ni/t 
think  that  thi-ir  loiitii  of  production  rhould  »how  any  increniic 
in  the  near  luturo.  In  order  to  improve  the  lalicar 
conditions  at  Kinlochleven,  noroe  further  ei|ieDditar« 
had  been  it^curred  durinir  the  year,  and  the  board  bad 
authorised  the  ercctie  n  of  further  workmen'M  cottafffii  for  the 
accommodation  of  their  weiknien  and  tb«'ir  familieii.  Ihia  expen- 
diture was  having  a  good  elfect  in  the  gradual  improvement  in  the 
standard  of  labour.  In  lost  year's  report,  it  wob  mentioned  that 
the  company  had  authorised  its  sulfidiai.v  company,  the  I'liicn  dt» 
Bauxites,  to  complete  the  i.urehafe  cf  certain  bauxite  mineH.  Thia 
was  done,  and  in  order  to  ensure  a  large  refeive  fupply,  a  ccci-ider- 
able  tonnage  had  been  purcbared  by  this  company  from  the  Union 
des  Bauxites,  which  would  be  set  acide  for  future  requirem(Dta. 
This  purchase  wonld  also  enable  the  t.'nion  de*  Ilnuxiten  to  increaje 
considerably  the  development  of  its  mines,  fo  (hat  a  fotther  large 
stock  of  the  raw  material  might  be  built  uji.  It  was  abcolutely 
essential  for  this  ceimpany  that  the  reserves  of  raw  mate-rial  ehcnld 
be  in  band  for  a  long  fme  ahead,  and  the  arrangementg  which  had 
now  been  made  would  ensure  this.  With  regard  to  the  Ortirrea 
power  scheme,  there  wbb  nothing  new  to  rejiort.  The  ncce*fary 
development  work  nyntioned  at  the  meeting  last  year  had  now 
been  carried  out,  so  that  the  works  cculd  be  maintained  at  the 
minimum  cost.  The  cempany's  rights  were  being  properly  pro- 
tected, but  it  was  not  intended  meantime  to  proceed  farther  with 
the  development  of  the  scheme.  The  railway  was  being 
operated  and  maintained  in  an  efficient  manner,  and  the  gross 
earnings  were  more  than  sufficient  to  meet  the  operatirg 
expenses.  The  chairman  proceeded  to  deal  with  the  salient 
features  in  the  accounts  and  pointed  out  that  the  investments 
had  increased  from  £,571,2.5,'i  to  £71ii,2I7,  due  to  the  turchaee  of 
the  Vigelands  works  and  the  interest  in  the  Bauxite  Refining  Co. 
With  regard  to  the  liabilities,  from  now  onwards  the  prior  lien 
debentures  would  be  gradually  reduced  by  the  application  of  the 
cumulative  sinking  fund  of  1  per  cent,  per  annum,  whilst  already 
£28,685  of  debenture  stock  had  been  redeemed.  After  providirg 
£17, •120  for  legal  expenses,  depreciation,  itc,  and  proportion  of  profits 
payable  to  directors  :  £-10,000  for  prior  lien  debenture  interest  ; 
£-1.^,22^  for  debenture  stock  service  fund  ;  £10,000  for  depreciation  ; 
and  £30,000  to  reserve  account,  the  board  recommended  the  pay- 
ment of  the  ij  per  cent,  preference  dividend,  which  left  £  IO,2Ctj  to 
be  carried  forward.  In  conclusion,  he  congratulated  the  share- 
holders on  the  fcucceesful  manner  in  which  the  conijany  was 
emerging  from  its  difficulties. 

Mr.  S.  H.  Pollen  seconded  the  motion. 

Mr.  Kennedy  asked  what  remuneration  the  directors  received, 
and 

The  Chaibman  said  they  were  entitled,  under  the  articles  of 
association,  to  5  per  cent,  of  the  profits  after  payment  of  the  prior 
lien  interest  of  £40,000. 

Me.  Kennedy  :  How  much  is  that,' 

The  Chaib.man  :  That  is  a  matter  of  calculation  ;  I  am  sure  yon 
can  do  it  for  yourself. 

The  motion  was  then  carried. 


Bromley  (Kent)    Electric   Ught   and   Po^er  Co., 

Ltd. — ^The  directors  report  that  during  1912  the  lamp  connectiors 
increased  from  101,276  to  107.649.  The  sale  of  current  increased 
from  £10,418  to  £10,051.  The  works  have  been  maintained  in 
good  order  and  repair.  The  result  of  the  year's  trading,  including 
£703  brought  forward  from  last  year,  shows  a  profit  of  £13.262, 
and  after  payment  of  debenture  interest  and  trustees'  fees,  kc, 
amounting  to  £3,059,  and  writing  off  the  t;>alance  of  the  cost  of 
motor-car,  and  the  cost  of  fitting  up  a  new  showroom,  there  is  a 
balance  of  £10,044.  An  interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of  4  per 
cent,  per  annum  was  paid  for  the  half-year  in  October,  and  the 
directors  recommend  the  payment  of  a  further  dividend  for  the 
second  half-year  at  the  ^ate  of  8  per  cent,  per  annum,  msking  a 
total  dividend  of  6  per  cent,  for  the  year,  and  that  £4,000  be  placed 
to  general  reserve  account,  leaving  £1,544  to  be  carried  forward. 
To  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Mr.  R.  Taylor,  the 
directors  propose  the  election  of  Mr.  E.  G.  Peill,  of  Brftmley. 
The  meeting  is  to  be  held  at  Bromley  on  April  7tb. 

Viekers,  Ltd.  —  Mr.  Albeit  \'ickers  presi(ie(3,  on 
March  28th,  at  the  annual  meeting,  and  said  that  there  was  no 
reason  to  think  that  1913  would  be  less  favourable  than  1912. 
Their  subsidiary  companies  had  brought  much  profitable  businesp, 
especially  foreign  business.  The  report  was  adopted,  and  a  dividend 
of  10  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares  was  approved.  A  resolution 
was  passed  to  issue  740,000  new  ordinary  shares  of  £1  each  at  30s  , 
one  new  share  to  be  allotted  to  holders  for  every  five  now  held. 

Dublin  and  I.ucan  Electric  Raihvay  Co.— Mr.  J.  W. 

Hill  presided  at  the  half-yearly  meeting  on  March  28th,  and  moved 
the  adoption  of  the  report,  which  showed  gross  receipts  £9:>  less 
than  in  the  corresponding  half  of  last  year.  The  expenditure 
increased  by  £178.  After  paying  5  per  cent,  preference  dividend, 
£378  is  carried  forward.  Irhe  mechanical  stokers  had  enabled 
them  to  save  on  the  coal  bill,  notwithstanding  the  higher  price. 
The  report  was  adopted. 


572 


THE    ELECTRICAL    flEVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,845,  Apbil  4,  1913. 


Aotomatic  Telephone  nanufactnring:  Co.,  Ltd, 

The  directors'  report  for  1912  states  that  the  profit  for  the  year 
amounts  to  £13,499.  After  payment  of  dividend  on  6  per  cent, 
preference  shares  to  December  31st,  1912,  £11,816,  and  deducting 
amonnt  written  off  preliminary  expenses,  ,S:c.,  £1,313,  there 
remains  a  balance  of  £370  to  be  carried  forward.  The  directors 
report  that  the  transfer  of  the  Liverpool  works  and  business  of 
British  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.,  and  the  assignment  of  the 
patents  of  the  Automatic  Electric  Co.  were  satisfactorily  carried 
through,  anil  the  company  commenced  business  on  January  Ist, 
1912.  In  the  early  part  of  the  year  two  automatic  exchanges,  each 
of  about  ."('O  lines,  were  ccnipleted  for  the  British  Post  Office, 
and  these  exchanges  have  worked  remarkably  well  throughout 
and  continue  to  give  good  and  efficient  service.  Other  automatic 
equipment  orders  to  the  extent  of  about  S.SOO  lines  have  since  been 
received,  and  the  company  is  at  present  negotiating  and  tendering 
for  a  number  of  other  automatic  exchanges  in  this  country  and 
abroad.  The  works  of  the  company  at  Liverpool  have  been  con- 
siderable extended  during  the  year,  and  good  progress  has  been 
made  in  the  manufacture  of  autcuiatic  equipment  there.  The 
manufacturing  business  taken  over  from  British  Insulated  and  Helsby 
Cables,  Ltd.,  shows  a  satisfactory  increase.  During  the  year 
several  manual  exchange  equipments  were  supplied  or  completed, 
and  orders  for  manual  exchangee  to  the  extent  of  about  12,000  lines 
are  now  in  hand.  The  telegraph  business  of  the  company  also  shows  a 
material  increase.  This  being  the  first  year  of  the  company's 
trading,  nothing  has  been  written  off  for  depreciation. 
The  annual  meeting  will  be  held  at  Liverpool  on  April  7th. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Taesda;  Evening, 
The  greatest  apologist  for  Stock  Exchange  markers  must  be  fain  to 
admit  that  the  position  of  affairs  generally  speaking — politically, 
domestically  and  financially — is  not  all  that  it  might  be,  and  that 
the  shyness  which  business  shows  in  coming  forward  has,  at  all 
events,  a  good  deal  to  excuse  it.  War  news  from  day  to  day  swings 
see-saw  fashion,  and  although  by  the  end  of  this  week  the  termina- 
tion of  the  struggle  may  be  wilhin  actual  sight,  in  these  earlier 
days  there  is  obviously  plenty  to  do  before  peace  can  be  confidently 
counted  upon.  With  peace  will,  or  should,  come  cheaper  money, 
and  it  is  to  this  last  that  the  Stock  Exchange  is  looking  for 
relaxation  of  tension  and  anxiety. 

The  Home  Itailway  market  has  had  a  bout  of  strength.  Specula- 
tion ran  strongly  upon  some  of  the  lower-priced  stocks,  and 
Metropolitan  Consolidated  formed  a  conspicuous  feature.  The 
price  was  run  up  to  54.  reverting  later  to  o3i,  at  which  a  rise  of  2-J 
is  left  on  the  week.  Districts  rose  If,  and  the  Underground  Electric 
group  improved  at  the  same  time.  The  rise  in  "  Mets."  was 
accompanied  by  a  general  tip  to  buy  the  stock  ;  and  since  it  is  one 
of  those  which  moves  quickest  in  the  Home  Railway  market, 
some  of  the  bullish  operators  were  content  to  take  a  hand. 
Talk  has  it  that  the  price  is  to  be  put  still  higher,  but  it  is  not  an 
investment  for  the  nervous  individual. 

Another  strong  feature  this  week  was  London  and  South-Western 
RaUway  Deferred  stock,  where  the  price  shot  up  suddenly,  and  this 
had  the  indirect  effect  of  dragging  down  London  United  Tramways 
4  per  cent.  Debenture  stock,  causing  it  to  lose  four  points.  It  is 
argued  that  if  the  South-Western  Railway  is  at  last  going  to  vr&ke 
up  and  galvanise  its  suburban  traffic  on  electric  lines  under  the 
energetic  new  management,  this  may  be  bad  for  the  London  United 
Tramways  Company.  The  East  London  electrification  was  started 
in  working  order  on  Monday  last,  and  the  price  of  the  Ordinary 
stock  hardened  to  11^,  to  revert  later  to  lOi.  Central  London 
Ordinary  rose  1,  in  connection  with  the  jump  in  South-Westerns. 

British  Electric  Traction  issues  are  still  somewhat  dull,  the  7  per 
cent.  Preferred  stock  being  i  lower.  City  and  South  London  4  per 
cent.  Debenture  at  90  shed  a  point ;  and,  considering  the  nature  of 
the  security,  the  yield  of  £4  28.  6d.,  which  this  stock  now  affords, 
must  be  regarded  as  good. 

The  market  for  English  Electricity  Supply  shares  remains  well- 
nigh  ccmatoee.  County  of  London  Ordinary  shares  went  back  to 
11,  but  most  of  the  other  alterations  are  caused  by  the  ^'./■-dividend 
markings  of  last  Friday.  Brompton  Ordinary  recovered  its  dividend 
deduction,  and  Westminsters  gained  J  ;  otherwite  the  net  move- 
ments are  almost  nil.  Business,  what  there  is  of  it,  comes  in  fitful 
flickers.  Even  in  City  of  London  Ordinary  there  is  hardly  any- 
thing doing. 

At  the  end  of  last  week  started  a  booralet  in  most  of  the  Mexican 
issues,  prices  of  the  railway  and  utility  companies  being  run  up 
substantially.  A  good  part  of  the  improvement  is  retained. 
Mexican  Light  and  Power  Common  is  up  3,  and  the  Preferred  2i. 
Mexico  Trams  show  a  gain  of  3J,  while  the  Company's  bonds  of 
both  classes  are  materially  higher.  Monterey  Fives  are  a  point  to 
the  good,  and  similar  improvements  were  secured  by  other  stocks 
in  this  group.  At  the  same  time,  most  of  the  Latin  Canadians 
assumed  better  complexion.  Brazil  Tractions  spurted  4i,  to  the 
accompaniment  of  vague  rumours  about  a  further  and  a  larger 
rise  yet  to  come.  Montreal!  are  3  up,  Shawinigans  gained 
7.  and  improvements  were  secured  by  Alabamas,  Georgias, 
Columbia  Electric,  and    similar    shares.       Hississippia    rallied  on 


the  understanding  that  the  disastrous  floods  have  come  nowhere 
near  the  company's  area.  Columbia  Gas  and  Electric  shares  dropped 
to  12}  when  it  was  announced  that  the  town  of  Dayton  was  in 
the  middle  of  the  afflicted  country,  but  this,  it  seems,  is  not  the 
Dayton  which  is  served  by  the  Columbia  Gas  and  Electric  under- 
taking, the  shares  in  which  promptly  rallied  to  15i.  Canadian 
General  Electrics  partially  recovered  the  deducted  dividends,  and 
Rio  Tramway  bonds  have  hardened. 

In  connection  with  the  Latin-Canadian  group,  mention  must  be 
made  of  a  most  serviceable  volume  which  has  just  been  published 
for  its  third  year,  dealing  with  the  utility  concerns  of  the  Americas. 
The  book,  "  Atkin  s  Manual,''  contains  illuminating  details  of  all 
the  principal  concerns,  but  what  renders  it  of  particular  value  is 
the  fact  that  in  many  cases  maps  are  provided  by  which  the  scope 
of  the  undertakings  can  be  grasped  with  a  readiness  that  would  be 
impossible  without  this  aid.  The  book  is  prepared  by  a  firm  in 
the  Stock  Exchange  ;  and  while  one  hesitates  to  use  so  hackneyed 
a  word,  the  term  "  indispensable  "  is  in  this  case  no  exaggerated 
compliment  to  pay  it. 

In  the  Telegraph  market,  Anglo-American  Telegraphs  are 
better.  Ea.stern  Ordinary  is  }  up,  Great  Northerns  have  advanced, 
while  West  India  and  Panama,  after  showing  the  big  jump  of 
'is.  3d.  per  share,  lost  part  of  the  rise.  The  latter  are  being  bought 
again  by  the  same  speculative  division  which  oi  previous  occasions 
has  taken  the  market  in  hand,  and  the  price  is  largely  at  the  meroy 
of  extrinsic  considerations — such  as  political  news,  and  so  on. 
Telegraphs  are  not  by  any  means  active,  but  the  tone  of  the  market 
is  good,  and  dealers  declare  that  there  is  not  much  stock  about. 
An  increase  of  4s.  in  the  dividend  on  the  Great  Northerns  caused 
the  price  to  rise  50s.  to  32}. 

New  York  Telephone  Bonds  continue  to  creep  up,  being  now 
quoted  at  99i.  National  Telephone  Deferred  is  neglected,  but  keeps 
about  20}.  Marconis  rose  to  4fB.  from  which  they  have  reacted  a 
little  ;  but  the  Preference  at  3J  have  recovered  their  loss  of  last 
week.  The  Automatic  Telephone  Company,  the  British  Insulated 
"  baby,"  announces  a  net  profit  for  its  first  year's  working  of 
£13,500  ;  and  while  no  dividend  is  to  be  paid  on  the  ordinary 
shares  for  the  period,  the  future  prospect  is  distinctly  satisfactory. 

There  is  little  of  interest  to  record  in  connection  with  the  Manu- 
facturing market.  A  recovery  of  2  points,  after  its  drop  of 
.'>  points,  has  resulted  in  Brush  Second  Debenture  being  raised  to  27. 
Dick,  Kerrs  are  quoted  at  10s.  middle,  showing  a  loss  of  28.  6d. 
British  Aluminiums  retain  their  rise,  and  the  5  per  cent.  Prior  Lien 
is  up  a  point,  in  consequence,  of  course,  of  the  excellent  report, 
to  which  attention  was  drawn  here.  British  Westinghouse  t>  per 
cent,  prior  lien  is  better.  Castner-Kellners  at  3i  have  rallied,  and 
in  the  armament  market  Armstrongs  are  the  principal  feature  of 
strength,  with  a  big  rise  on  the  proposal  of  the  board  to  distribute 
as  a  bonus  one  new  share  for  every  four  old  now  held.  The  rubber 
share  market  has  been  acutely  weak,  for  which  the  incessant 
sagging  of  the  price  of  the  raw  material  is  responsible.  If  the 
American  buyers  of  the  product  do  not  come  forward  as  they  we 
expected  to  do,  it  seems  likely  enough  that  the  price  of  rubber 
will  go  still  lower,  in  which  case,  of  course,  it  is  only  to  be  supposed 
that  quotations  for  the  shares  will  follow  suit. 


ELECTRIC    TRAMWAY    AND    RAILWAY 
TRAFFIC    RETURNS. 


Month 

Receipts  for 

No. 

Route 

Locality. 

ended 

the 

!    of 

Total  to  date. 

miles 

(4  wks.) 

month. 

wks. 

open. 

£ 

£• 

£   ■   i      f 

-, 

1 

Bath Mar.  2fi 

8,160 

+    175 

13 

9.409    +-      606      .. 

Blackpool-Fleetw'd 
Bristol 

..    29 

2,116 

»-    S21 

12 

4,417    +-      917      8 

,.    28 

29,727 

4  S.'iSS 

13 

86,481     +10,0^6     aO-5 

■.Brit.Elec.Trftc.  Co. 

,.    21 

H.071 

)■  4,839 

13 

1.56,245    +-16,387      .. 

Chatham  and  Dist. 

„    27 

8,416 

f    3:3 

12 

10,183    +      C57    14-98 

Cork 

»    27 

1,844 

^■     34 

12 

5,402  -       17     B-89 

Duhlin 

,.    28 

17,014 

f    207 

13 

67,771    4-  1,130    54-25 

Hastings 

.,    27 

3,649 

f    760 

+•868    19-8 

I^ancashire  United 

,.    26 

5,976    +1,446 

i2 

16,761    4^  2,082     39 

Llandudno-Col.  Bay 

..    28 

966    +    871 

17 

5,f.80    +-      809      6-r, 

London  United 

„    29 

I3,4L7 

+  1,000 

13 

71,219    4-      831 

Tyneside      . . 

„    i6 

2,8(6 

f    536 

13 

6,912     ►      6i;3     11 

Anglo-Argentine    . . 

,.    25 

2!5,420 

♦  11,410 

12 

66P,1E5    +46,720      .. 

Auckland 

..    14 

l^,';l6 

+  2,103 

8tS 

179,0SI6     +24,528    241 

•8 

Bonihay  (B.E.T.)  . . 

Feb.  27 

12,S6D 

+    437 

9 

26,511     f      629      .. 

Brisbane 

„    26 

2v,860 

+  10,160 

8 

47,670    (28,!;36      .. 

Brit.  Columbia  Rly. 

'  ,, 

Calcutta 

Mar.  29     17,C87 

4- 1,044 

!'•■ 

'.'.         +-  i,'493      '.'. 

Cape  Electric  T.  Li'. 
Kalgoorlic,  W.A.  . . 

Feb.  28 

2,644 

ij 

6,878                    id-6 

Lisbon 

Madras 

Mar.  31 

3,835 

»-  '872 

is 

l6,'660    +■   "924     14-7 

i 

Montevideo            . .       Mar. 

33,140 

+  I,6l6 

21 

109,676    +12,317     .. 

Cen.  London  Rly.        Mar.  29 

19.783 

+    952 

U 

69,348    «.  4,619    6'78 

■4 

Citv  &  S.  Lon.  Rly. 
PuLlin-Lucan  Rly. 

„  29    ii,6ce 

-l.lfO 

18 

3!>,219   —  4,186    726 

„    28         SSI 

4-      65 

18 

1,491    +■       SO      7 

G.N.  and  Citv  Rly. 

,.    29       6,657 

-1,2^4 

18 

19.600    -  2,926     8-6 

Li)ool  Overird  Rly. 

„    8a       6,175 

+.   :i.-;5 

13 

2 ',490    f   1,356     6-6' 

London  Kite.  Uy.Cc. 

„    29     56,.S25 

-1,920 

14 

189,495    -  l,8fO    ai-26 

Mersey  Railway     . . 

„    26       H.PSO 

4-    G48 

13 

29,289    +   1,784      4-6 

Metro'politan  Rly. 

„    80     63,147 

+  3,413 

18 

31?,1  4  :4-  1,468    96-76 

Mat.  District  Rly. 

„    29-   52,121     +),929 

13 

171,333  |4-  6,422     26 

'  Compued  with  the  corresponding  period  of  1913. 
;  laolndet  borse,  steam  and  other  receipte. 


Vol.72.    No.  1.k|,-,,Apbii,  4,  1913.]  '('I  [  K      K  liK( 'TltK '.A  h      IJKVIIIW 


678 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELEOTRIOAL     OOMPANIES. 


ENHLIHH    ELECTRICITY    8UPPLT   AND   POWEB    COMl'ANIEH. 


BoarnemoDth  ft  Poole,  Ord,    . 

Do.    «J%Pre( 

Do.    Beoood  6  %  Pret. 

Do.    4i  %  Deb.  Block  . . 
BromptoD  i  Kensington,  Ord.. 

Do.    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Centrkl   Eleolrlo  Supply,  4  %  i 

Guar.  Deb.  I 

Ch»rtng  CroaB,  West  End  A  Olty 

Do.    H%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.     "  City     Undertaking  "  1 
«i  %  Cam.  Pre(.  I 

Do.  Do.  4%  Deb 

Chelsea,  Ord.         

Do.    «4%Deb 

3lty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    B%Deb 

Do.    4)  %  Second  Deb. 
3oanty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do,    44  %  Second  Deb. 
Idmundson'e,  Ord.  .. 

Do.    6%  Com.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    44  %  First  Mori.  Deb.  . . 
i'olkestone 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4i%  First  Deb 

3oTe 


Stock 
10 
10 

Btook 
100 
10 
10 

Stock 

Stnck 
£3 


Dividends 
lor 


1011 

'4 

6 

H 

10 
T 
4 

6 

a 


Oloslng 
Qiio»«tloni 
Ai>ril  Ut, 


14      l'4x.l 
*•«-    t-* 
■J-  "a 

lr6  -  98 
H-     P8xd 
fa  •     Hixd 

»6  -  98 

r-  II 

3J-     48 

914  -  9!'4 
44-     6 

86  —  99 

16  —  174 

12  -  18 
116  -120 
100  —109 

10 j-  Hi 

lU—  12 
IM  —106 
9!)  —102 

ft-      ^, 

«-  48 

H-ii 

81  —  84 
44—    B    xd 
44-    6   xd 

90  —  99 
74-    8 


Rise 
+  or 


Present 

Yield 

P.O. 

t  •■  d. 

e  iH  fi 

4  14     U 

B  in   H 

4  11  10 

6    6    8 

B  18  111 

i    I    8 

6    9    7 

4  14    9 

6    9  10 

4    5    7 

6    0    0 

4  10  11 

B    6    8 

4  10    7 

4    3    4 

4    8    8 

6    8    8 

BOO 

4    4  11 

4    8    8 

Nil 

K  '7    2 

6    0    0 

6    0    0 

4  17  10 

6  12    6 

BliMa. 


Kenilngton  ft  Knigfaiibrtdge,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  Bleo.  Power,  44  %  Deb.  .. 
London  Eleolrlo,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    4  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    . . 
Metropolitan         

Do.    41%  Cam.  Pref 

Do.    41  %  First  Mori.  Deb. . . 

Do,    84  %  Mort.  Deb 

Midland   Electric  Corporation  I 

44  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Mawoaslle-on-Tyne  6  %  Pref.,  1 

NonCum.  I 

North  Metropolitan  Power  Bap- 1 

ply,  B  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  S 

Nolttng    Hill,    6  %  Non-Cum. ) 

Pre!./ 

Oxford  

81.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    8*%  Deb 

Smithfield  Markets,  Ord, 
South  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    .. 
Boutfa  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref.. . 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Blook  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb. . . 
Westminster,  Ord, 

Do.    44%Cum.  Prel 


Blook 

Btook 

B 

S 

Btook 

6 

6 

Btook 

Btook 


6 
6 
6 
100 
6 


100 
£8 

6 
100 

6 

e 


DiTldaod* 
(01 


OIoalDfl 
Qaotatlont 
April  Ut. 


14-  B 
90-08 
70-80 

01  -  94 

811  -    ;ij  xd 
*t-  u 

(.7  -ICO 
84  —  86 

98  -101 

44-    4jxd 
004-1024 

9}-  lOJ 

ej-  <« 

»t—  9 
6|-    7J 

84  —  87 
8-  I* 
2J-    fjxd 

97  —100 


1  \-  1 A 
94  —  9^ 

Sjl   4 

83  —    86  xd 
K'—    !) 
4i-     61 


-A 


+    * 


PraM 
TMd 


«  I.  d. 

6  la  « 

4    A  U 

6  12  8 

4    0  0 

6  14  8 

4    B  1 

6    8  8 

4  17  4 

4  10  0 
4     16 


6  18  9 

5  11  1 
4  16  7 
4    0  6 

7  7  8 

6  U  U 
6  17  11 
4  11  3 


6  9  3 
6  11  1 
4    6    9 


COLONUL   ASB   FOBEION   ELECTRICITY   SUPPLY   AND   POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Prel 

}alculita,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Dalgary  Power,  Ist  Mort,  Bds, 
Canadian  Qen,  El.  Com, 

Do,    7%  Pref 

)ordoba  Lit.,  Power  and T.,  Old. 

Do.    B%Deb 

Cleo.  Lt.  and  P,  of  Ceotaabamba,  \ 

1  %  Bonds ) 

Dlec.  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  Ist  1 

Mort.  Deb.  / 

Oleo.  Dev.  Ontario,  B   %    Ist) 

Mort.  Bonds  J 

Calgoorlle  Bleo,  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Camlnlstlqula  Power,  B%  Q.  Ba. 

dadraa,  Ord,  

delbourne,  6  %  Ist  Mori.  Deb. 
dezioan  El,  LI,,  B%  1st  M,  Bds. 
dezlcan  Lt.  ft  Power,  Common 

Do.    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Ist  Mort.  Qold  Bds, 


6 

8 

6 

84 

E 

6 

100 

E 

tioo 

7 

$100 

7 

1 

8 

100 

6 

100 

6 

100 

6 

9600 

6 

10/. 

Nil 

1 

6 

•600 

6 

6 

Nil 

100 

9100 

$100 

6—61 

«s-  74 

93  —  9,5 
113  —117  xd 
119  —123  xd 

H-      i 
:  .S.j  -  96*  xd 

93  —  95 
90  —  93 


10lJ-103§ 
11-    4 

101  —104 
81  -  84 
79-82 

103  —1(6 
92  -  94 


6  14    8 

+  h 

6  19    4 

4  17    7 

-n 

6    5    8 

6  19    8 

6  13  10 

5  14     3 

6    3    8 

6    6    4 

5    7    6 

5    6    3 

Nil 

9  16    2 

4  16    7    1 

4  16    3 

6  19    0 

+  .S 

4  17    7 

H-'M 

6  12     1 

+  1 

5    6    5 

Monterey  Rly.  Light  ft  Power, ) 

6  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power   . . 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal, ) 

6  %  Ist  Mort.  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    B  %  Deb.  Slock    . . 

Roy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  ) 

1st  Mori.  Deb.  t 

Bhawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  Ist  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per,  Deb 


Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb. 

~        ~        "  I.,  P.  and  T.,  6  %  ) 

Ist  Mort,  Deb.  J 


Vera  Crui  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  6  < 


Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 

West  Kootenay  Power  and  Lt.,  1 

Ist  Mort.  6  %  Qold  J 


100 

6 

6 

$100 

8 

9t 

$500 

6 

6a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

6 

6 

Do. 

6 

6 

100 

4i 

44 

$100 

6 

6 

$500 

6 

6 

Stock 
Do. 

S 

Jt 

100 

6 

6 

1 

Hid. 

Hid. 

100 

6 

6 

217  —227 

105  —110 
IGO  -102 

100  —102 
140  —145 
107  —109 

101  —103 
974—  994 
91  —  94 

a-    iS 

106  -108 


6  16    8 
3  18    3 


4  18  0 

4  8-  a 

3  9  0 

4  11  9 
4  7  5 
4  IJ  6 
6    6  5 


TELEeRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


kiFiion  Telegraph 

Do.    B  %  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep,  ft  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do.     OoUal.  Trust 
Lnglo-Amerloan  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    Det 

Lnglo  ■  Portuguese    Tel.,  6  %  \ 
Mort.  Deb.  f 

Thill  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Stlg.  4%  Deb. 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do,     10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.     10%  Cum,  Pref 

31reot  Umted  Stales  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg.  Deb,  I 
laslem  Telegraph,  Ord.  Btook 

Do,     84  %  Pref.  Stock. . 

Do.    4  %  Mort.  Deb 

Sastern  Extension 

Do,     4%  Deb 

DasI  and   B,   Africa  Tel.   4  %  I 
Ml,  Db.  Mauritius  Bub.  / 
}lobe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do,    6%  Pref 

}real  Northern  Telegraph 
:ndoEarope»n  Telegraph 
Llackay  Companies  Common   .. 

Do,    4  %  Com.  Pref 

darconl'B  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    T  %  Cum.  Partlc.  Prel. 


10 

4 

44+ 

stock 

6 

6 

$100 

8 

8t 

$1000 

4 

4 

Btook 

U 

8 

Do. 

6 

B 

Do. 

80/- 

100 

6 

6 

6 

7 

8 

Block 

4 

4 

10 

6 

Hi 

10 

10 

10 

B 

4 

4+ 

6 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

100 

«4 

H 

Stock 

7 

7t 

Do. 

84 

84 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7t 

Stock 

4 

4 

26 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

n 

R 

10 

18 

20 

26 

13 

fit 

100 

5 

B 

$100 

1 
1 

4 
20 
17 

4 

7-74 

6    0    0 

97-99 

6    1     0 

133  —135  xd 

6  16  10 

;io  -  92 

4    7    0 

6  i  -  68 

+  * 

4    8    3 

1114-112* 

+  4 

6    6    8 

24i-  24§ 

6     1  10 

994-1014 

4  '.8    6 

7fi-     'ij? 

5     1     1 

80  —  82  xd 

+  2 

4  17    7 

8-9 

6    9    9 

16-  17 

5  17    8 

jij—    3>xd 

6    6    8   J 

64-    7xd 

+  t 

7    2  10 

63-     71 

5  10    4 

99  -1(1 

4    9    0 

13«4-1S74 

+   9 

6    1    8 

784-  80 J 

4    6  11 

9 .  —  97 

4    2    6 

121-  i?.i 

6    4    8 

95  -  97 

4    2    6 

98  -101 

3  19    a 

11  i  -  1  4 

6    7  10 

124-  13 

-f24 

4  12    4 

314-  934 

5  19    5 

68  -  60 

5    8    4 

BO  —  82 

6    2    0 

67  -  69 

5  16    0 

<)'«-      «tJ 

+  A 

4  10    1 

^i-    -f 

+  » 

4     7  10 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord. ,. 

Do.    6%  Prel 

New  York  Telep.,  44%OeD.  Bnde. 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo. 

Do.    6%  Cum,  Pref 

Do.    4  %  Red.  Deb 

Pacific  and  European  Tel.,  4  %  I 

Ouar.  Debs.  I 

Renter's       .         

Do.    New  Shares 
Submarine  Oaoies  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  %  ) 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4   %   Debs.,   1   to   1,600) 

guar,  by  Bras,  Sub.  Tel.  / 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    8  %  Cum.  1st  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  2nd  Pret, 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd,  . . 

Do,    4  %  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %Fdg.  Bonds 


I 

8 

61 

1 

6 

6 

100 

H 

44 

1 

8 

6+ 

1 

6 

6 

stock 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

101 

10 

Cert. 

6 

6 

Stock 

4 

*J 

6 

a 

S 

6 

E 

a 

14 

100 

4 

4 

10 

»4 

1^1 

10 

6 

6 

10 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

10 

7 

71 

stock 

4 

4 

$1000 

4 

4 

a-  lA. 


974-  994 

11|-  Hi 
lOll-llA 
127  —ISO 

96  —  98 

'I-  78 
6*-  5 
li-    Ij 

06  —  98 

lu  —  104 

9g—  10 
101  —103 
13  —  U 
96-5-7 
974-  1004 


6  18  0 

6  14  a 

4  10  3 

4    7  0 
4  18 


8  11 
4    0    6 

8  10  a 
4  ia  4 

4  11  10 


6    4 

11 

4    9 

0 

4    8 

4 

4    1 

B 

6  i4 

8 

«    0 

U 

4  17 

1 

6     3 

8 

'Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants.  t  Interim  Dividend. 


t  Ss.  in  Funded  Dividend  Certn. 


CONtlNVEO    ON     NEXT    PAGE. 


574  THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW.         [Voi.  72.  No.  1,845.  apbil  4, 1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OP    ELECTRICAL    COMPANIES.-(r<.«/;«i.rJ.) 

ELECTBIC   RJJLWATS   AND   TBAMWATS.— HOME. 


Do, 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Bath  Tnms,  Pre!.  Ord 

Do.    6%P«( 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Brit.  Elec.  Trmc,  6  %  Pref.     . . 

Do.        Do,  Deferred 

Do.  6%Cum.Pr'f. 

7%  Non-Cum.  Pt'I. 

6  <) ,  Perp.  Deb.      .. 

4}  %  and  Deb. 

C  antral  London  Railway,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Det 

Do.    4  %  Deb.    . . 
City  A  B,  London,  6  %  Pref.,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1896     .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1908     .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Dublin  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 
Great  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Bastings  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4J%Deb 

sle  of  Tb&nel  Trams,  5%  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Eleo.  Railw'ys,4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref, 

Do.    4%  Deb 


DiTldends 
for 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
10 


too 

100 
100 
10 
100 


Oloalng 

Rlu 

Present 

Qnotations 

+  or 

Yield 

April  l6t. 

Fall 

D.O. 

*t.  d. 

itfi 

NU 
6    8    1 

74  —  79xd 

6  14    0 

9-11 

81-    5J 

8S1-  884 

6  is    7 

84*-  m 

-  * 

,. 

m-  PSixd 

6    8    1 

75  -  ',9 

-2 

6  13  11 

79  —  81 

-fl 

;4  18    9 

83  —  85 

4  14     2 

78  —  PO 

:5    0    0 

i'8  -lOO 

4    0    0 

99  —102 

4  18    0 

99  —102 

4  18    0 

97  -100 

5    0    0 

95  —  98 

5    2    0 

9i  —  97 

— 

4    2    6 

113—  12J 

4  18    0 

n-  n 

Nil 

eej-  7IJ  Id 

7    7    8 
6    6    4 

2t-    29 

4  15    8 

75-80 

6    0    0 

79-80 

6    5    0 

94  —  96 

4    8    4 

4i-     5 

61-65 

-4 

6    3    1 

Helropolilan  Railway  OodboI 

Do.    Bnrplog  Lands    . . 

Do,    Bi%Deb 

Do.    84%  Pref 

Do.    B*%  Con.  Pref,  .. 
Hetropolitan  District  Ord, 

Do.    6  %  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

Do.    4J  %  First  Pref.  .. 

Do.    8*%Qtd 

Metropolitan  Elec.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Bonth  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground    Elec,    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cum.  Inc.  Deb, 

Do.    4i%  Bonds 

Do.    8  %  Income 
Torksbire  (West  Biding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 
100 

1 
1 

100 


DlTtdends 
tor 


OlOBlng 
Quotations 
April  let. 


63  —  EH) 
61  —  63 

84  -  >6 
f2  —  84 
81  —  88 
393-  *'>i 

135  -  i:i; 
93  —  95 
98  —100 

85  —  67 
75  —  77 

87  -  91 
9U-  94ixd 

85-88 

H-  a 

65  —  70 

icS'-iii" 

97  —  99 
92J—  93A 


RUe 

+  or 
Fall 


4= 


+  2J 


413 


KLECTRICAL    RAILWAYS    AND    TRAMTVATS.— COLONIAL    AND    FOBEION. 


Anglo-Arg,  Trams,  1st  Prel,     .. 

Do,    ted  Pref 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do.    6%Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  5  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Elec.  6.  A  Trams,  Pief. 

Do,    4i%Deb 

Do.    S%andDeb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light   and  1 
Power  J 
Brisbane  Trams  Inrt.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

6.  Colombia  EUeo.  Rly„  Det,    . . 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do.    E  %  Pref 

Do,    44  %  1st  Mort.  Deb.      .. 

Do.    44  %  VancoQTer  Deb.    .. 

Do.    4i_%Con,  Deb 

Calcotta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

C}ape  Electric  Trams 

City  Baenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr,  4  Lt.,  E  %  Deb. 
Harana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  . . 

Do.    E%ADeb 

Do.    6%BDeb 


6 
6 

n 

ft 

100 

4 

4 

100 

H 

44 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

10 

6 

« 

100 

44 

44 

100 

S 

C 

sioo 

6+ 

6 

8 

8* 

C 

6 

fi 

100 

^ 

44 

100 

8 

100 

6 

a 

100 

E 

E 

40 
100 

4 
4 

? 

i     100 

4 

<t 

s 

7 

5? 

e 

6 

E 

100 

I 

^ 

44 

5 

E 

si 

100 

E 

E 

100 

fi 

E 

IIOOO 

E 

E 

1 

NU 

100 

E 

E 

100 

6 

8 

*,'<--  m 

P  4-  "i 

i8  -HO 
98  -100 
101  —103 
11  -  Hi 

96  -  98 

97  —  89 
100  —102 

74-     78 

100  — im 

131  -1.36 
112  -117 
103  —106 
100  —103 
100  —102 
9«-  964 
6i-  6i 
4M-  B^ 
974—1004 

96  —  99 
93  —  97 

97  —101 

M^  P8 
26  —  35 


B    8    7 

B  14    8 

—1 

4    7    5' 

4  )o  0  ; 

5    0    0   1 

4  17    1    1 

6    2    2    1 

,, 

4  11  10   ' 

5    10 

+  44 

5    5    0 

4  15    8 

4    7    6 

5  17    8 

6    2    7 

4  14     4 

4    7    6 

4    8    8 

-4 

4    8    1 

6  12    0 

4  17    7 

4    9    7 

4  '8    0 

-14 

6    10 

S    8    1 

4  19    0 

NU 

E  18    8 

La  Plata  Eleo.  Trms,  Ord. 

Do,     Pref.  

Lisbon  Elec,  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Eleo.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  .. 
Manaos  Trams  Sc  Lt.,  1st  Deb, . . 
Manila  Elec,  R.  and  Ltg,,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do,    Qen.  Con,  6  %  Bonds    .. 

Do.    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Elec,  Rlys,  &  Lt.,  Ord.     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%lBtDeb 

Perth  (W.A.)  Elec.  Tr.,  Ord,    .. 

Do.    6%  1st,  Deb 

Rangoon  El,  Tr,  &  Bap.,  Pref. . . 

Do.    44%lBtDeb 

Riode  Janeiro  Trams,  IstMort. ) 
E  %  Bonds  I 

Do.    E%Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Paalo  Tram,   Lt.  and  P. ) 
E  %  1st  Deb.  ; 
Blngapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bonthem  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  E  %  Deb. 
Un.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do,    8%  Pref 

Do.    E  %  1st  Deb 

Winnipeg  Bleo.  Rly.,  44  %  Deb. 


1 

Nil 

.J 

1 

6 

1 

6 

(i+ 

1 

R 

6 

100 

E 

E 

100 

5 

E 

100 

6 

6 

tiooo 

6 

E 

tioo 

T 

V 

E 

E 

100 

8 

6 

E 

10 

10 

E 

6 

6 

100 

E 

E 

1 

5 

64 

100 

6 

E 

6 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

E 

6 

100 

E 

E 

tsoo 

E 

E 

100 

E 

E 

100 

E 

S 

6 

7 

6t 

E 

6 

6 

100 

E 

6 

100 

44 

44 

>3-     i? 

.?§-   1 

1*-   J8 

1-   u 

S2  -97 

102  -104 

87  —  90 

98  —100 

111  -118 

+  34 

93  —  95 

+  8 

974— 1U04 

■ta» 

7-74 
a-    61 

+  * 

99  -101 

ll^.^* 

5|-    6i 

97-99 

101  — 1C2 

+  i 

944-  954 

+1 

101  —108 

-i 

884-87   xd 

954- 97j 
6—54 
4i-    5| 

98  -101 

984-1014 

MANUFACTUBINe   COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Babcock  &  WUoox 

Do,    Pref.  

British  Alnminiom,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Com.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs,  . . 

Do.    Deb.  Stk 

B.I.  A  Helsby  Cables      .. 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Bnt.sh  Thomson-Booston,  Deb. 
British  Westinghouse,  Pref.    .. 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    8  %  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do,    Pref.  

Brush,  T%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     .. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb, 
Ca'lender'B  Cable  ,.        ., 

Oo.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Uastner-Kellnet 

Do.     Deb 


1 

6 

••    1 

1 

« 

« 

1 

28 

14t 

1 

6 

6 

1 

Nil 

,, 

1 

Nil 

100 

5 

E 

100 

E 

6 

E 

10 

10 

' 

6 

6 

1     100 

*i 

*i 

lOO 

^. 

^ 

B 

Nli 

Nil. 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

6 

1 

1 

s 

Nil 

Nil 

100 

E 

E 

100 
100 

3 

u 

E 

IE 

lot 

E 

E 

E 

100 

44 

44 

1 

ao 

20 

100 

M 

44 

*-     3 

8    0    0 

-','(. 

7    2    2 
4    6    6 

4    0    0 

ih^K 

+  1 

6  'e  6 

87-90 

E  11     1 

7;-  ejxd 

5  IB  11 

bi-    6i 

4  16    0    i 

102  —104 

4    6    7' 

96  —  98 

4  11  10 

d"-  el' 

NU 
6  11     2 

101  -104 

+  1 

5  16    6    1 

2/. -8/. 

NU 

4/6-«/. 

NU        j 

0-      J 

NU 

•73  —  78 

6    8    3    1 

88-44 

10    9    4    : 

25-21 

+  2 

16  13    4    : 

U  —  UJ 

6    7    8    1 

4J-    6* 

4  17    7 

91  —ion 

4  10    0 

m-  3'j 

♦    Oi 

5    5    3 

lOU-106 

4    4  11 

Crompton  &  Co 

Do.    Deb. 

Dick,  Kerr 

Do,    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Edison  &  Bwan,  A,  £8  paid 

Do.    fully  paid  . . 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    B  %  Second  Deb. 
Electric  Ckmstructlon     .. 

Do,    Pref 

Qreenwood  &  Batley,  Pref. 

Do,    Deb 

Oeneral  Electrio,  Prel,  .. 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

I  India-Rubher,  O.  A  T.    .. 

Do.    Pref 

Telegraph  Oonstraction. . 

Do.    Deb 

WiUans  &  Robinson 

Do.    Pref 

Do,    Deb 


"i 


ES  —  EV 

i-    a 

U-    sSxd 
9»  —  98 
*-      8 

U-  H 
61-66 
70  —  78  xd 


% 


92-94 
10—  103 
h8  —  93  xd 
12i-  18 
4*-  64 
101  —108 


10  ■ 


11 


9  —  10 
84  —  86 
964—  964 

P-      t 
57  —  69 


Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  folly  paid.       {  Interim  diTidend,        :  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Electiic  Railways. 


Bank  rata  of  Discount  5  per  cent.,  October  17th.  1912. 


7ol.  72.     No.  l,8tr.,  AiMiir,  4,  lOlH.) 


THE    ETiECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


bin 


METAL    MARKET. 


ELECTRIC    COOKING    APPARATUS. 


._ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_. 

_ 

^ 

_- 

-^ 

-^ 

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— 

— 

— 

[- 

" 

- 

— 

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.. 

L.J 

FlnctnatioDB  In  March. 


SPELTER    (G.O.B's.). 

Mau.  ;t    4    .-.   (!   7  l()m2i:«lt  l7  1Kl!t202.-,2f>272.s.^l 
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29 

26 

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LEAD    (ENGLISH). 

Mar.  ,S   i   .-.  t!  7  1011  12  1.3  14  17  IS  19202.526272)5X1 
£20 
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11 


IRON. 

Mar.  3  4  .5  6  7  1011121314  17I8192025262728.'?! 
75/- 
74/- 
73/- 
72/. 
71/- 
70/- 
69/- 
68/- 
67/- 
66/- 
65/- 
64/- 
63/- 
62/- 
61/- 
60/ 


By  'KI.KMKNT." 


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210 
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COPPER    (G.M.B's.). 

Mae.  3   4   5  f)   7  1011121314171819202526272831 
£70 


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68 
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KliKCTRic  cookinfj  may  now  Vjc  considered  as  well  beyond 
the  early  experimental  stnKe,  I'ut  its  development  and  general 
adoption  muHt,  of  neceHsity,  Ije  e.xtreniely  j^radual,  even  after 
tli(;  ideal  apparatim  Las  been  put  on  the  market.  It  is  not 
intended,  in  lliis  paper,  to  dwell  on  the  many  advantSKeH  of 
this  system  of  cookinjr,  t)ut  rather  to  plunge  at  on(«  into  the 
matter  of  the  construction  and  working  of  the  apparatus.  It 
is  sijllicient  to  state  that  the  merits  of  the  system  are  so 
great  that  the  few  shortcomings,  which  at  present  tend  to 
hinder  its  gcn(;ral  use,  are  almost  negligible  when  compjirwl 
with  the  many  di.^advantages  of  other  methods  of  cooking. 
Granted  that  we  have  reasonable  prices  for  energy,  and 
that  the  more  costly  apparatus  may  be  obtained  on  hire  from 
the  local  supply  authority  at  a  nominal  rental,  then  it  may 
safely  be  said  that  the  most  convenient  and  economical 
method  of  cooking  is  within  the  reach  of  anyone  who  lias 
the  electric  supply  cables  laid  into  his  or  her  house.  With 
electricity,  there  are  no  noxious  fumes  to  cause  a  smell  in 
the  kitchen  ;  no  dust  or  dirt  is  caused  by  the  use  of 
electricity  :  and  an  improvement  in  the  appearance  of  the 
food  will  be  noted  by  those  who  generally  have  their  food 
cooked  by  coal  or  gas.  The  slirinkage  in  the  food  cooked 
in  an  electric  oven  is  found  to  approximate  one-tenth,  as 
compared  with  one-fourth -when  the  article  has  been  cooked 
in  a  gas  oven. 

These  considerations  are  weighty  in  themselves,  but  they 
are  not  sufficient  to  warrant  the  householder  in  discarding, 
say,  a  gas  cooker.  They  must  be  backed  up  by  strong  and 
reliable  apparatus,  or  electric  cooking  will  undoubtedly  fall 
into  disfavour.  It  must  be  remembered  that  the  appliances 
will  be  in  the  hands  of  the  good  lady  of  the  house,  or  the 
domestic  servant,  whose  business  is  to  cook,  and  not  to  look 
after  complicated  electrical  machinery.  The  appliances 
must,  therefore,  be  "  fool-proof,"  so  that  mistakes  will  not 
have  very  dangerous  consequences.  ^Most  of  the  serious 
defects  in  the  early  cooking  outfits  have  now  been  remedied, 
and  the  only  stumbling  block  to  makers  of  this  class  of  goods 
seems  to  be  the  manufacture  of  a  heating  element  which 
■will  give  a  high  efficiency  with  absolute  reJiability.  Some  of 
us  are  familiar  with  the  cry :  "  The  electric  apparatus  has 
broken  down."  A  trivial  oversight  has  resulted  in  a 
stoppage  of  the  electricity  flowing  through  a  heating 
element,  or  a  drop  of  water  has,  perhaps,  been  spilled  on  a 
portion  of  an  exposed  wire.  But  the  breakdown  is  enough 
to  make  a  topic  of  conversation  for  a  few  hours  afterwards, 
and  the  result  is  a  set-back  in  the  development  of  electricity 
for  domestic  purposes.  The  same  outcry  might  also  be 
brought  about  by  an  appliance  with  defecti\e  insulation. 
Someone  receives  a  slight  electric  shock  from  the  surface  of  a 
kettle,  and  the  electric  method  is  thereupon  condemned  as 
"  highly  dangerous." 

The  apparatus,  then,  must  also  be  electrically  perfect,  in 
having  reliable  heating  elements,  well  insulated  from  the 
other  parts,  and  in  having  all  exposed  metal  efficiently 
connected  to  earth.  Makers  are  now  turning  out  cookei-s 
with  a  guarantee  against  breakdown  within  five  years,  and 
it  would  seem  that  we  have  now  almost  reached  the  stage 
when  little  trouble  should  be  experienced  under  this  head. 
It  would  be  impossible,  within  a  short  article,  to  detail  all 
the  different  types  of  electric  cookers,  but  a  brief  description 
Avill  be  given  of  a  few  which  have  come  under  the  notice  of 
the  writer.  We  are  all  familiar  with  electric  kettles,  electric 
stewpans  and  frypans,  milk  boilers,  &c.,  with  their  self- 
contained  elements.  The  latest  forms  of  these  are  most 
efficient  utensils,  some  of  them  attaining  an  efficiency  of 
over  90  per  cent.  For  fast  cooking  by  electricity,  they  are, 
without  doubt,  the  proper  appliances.  It  is  possible,  by  the 
use  of  an  electric  kettle,  to  boil  1  pint  of  water  in  less  than 
four  minutes,  which  is  quick  enough  to  satisfy  the  most 
impatient  housewife,  and  this  is  obtained  with  an  expense  of 
i'-,th  of  a  unit,  which,  at  :jd.  per  unit,  works  out  at  r,Vth  of  a 
penny,  so  that  with  this  utensil  the  operation  of  boiling 
one  pint  of  water  20  times  entails  a  cost  of  only  Id.,  where 
energy  is  sold  at  |d.  per  unit  for  heating  purposes. 

The  great  drawback  to  the  use  of  self-contained  appliances, 


576 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW, 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,845,  Apeil  4,  191:5. 


however,  is,  of  coarse,  the  confusion  of  flexible  leads,  where 
many  cooking  operations  are  in  progress  at  one  time,  and 
this  has  led  some  makers  to  confine  most  of  their  experiments 
to  the  design  of  separate  heating  appliances  on  which 
ordinary  utensils  may  be  used.  And  in  this  pun^uit,  the 
principal  difficulty  has  been  to  design  an  element  which  will 
immediately  impart  its  heat  to  the  vessel  placed  over  it, 
without  great  loss  of  heat  in  the  material  supporting  the 
element.  This  necessary  loss  of  heat  must  appreciably  lower 
the  efficiency  of  the  method.  With  the  use  of  hot-plates 
the  efficiency  is  between  CO  and  70  per  cent.,  showing  that 
the  best  arrangement  of  apparatus,  taking  account  of  the 
before-mentioned  objection  to  self-contained  appliai,ce.a,  will 
be  that  in  which  roasting,  grilling,  frying,  &c..  are  carried 
out  on  the  separate  heater  system,  and  a  self-contained, 
heavily-loaded  kettle  or  urn  is  provided  for  the  quick  boiling 
of  water.  The  utility  and  economy  of  a  combination  such 
as  this  would,  it  is  believed,  outweigh  its  possible  dis- 
advantages in  one  or  two  isolated  case?. 

In  considering  the  many  types  of  heating  units,  let  us 
refresh  our  memory  regarding  the  elementary  principles 
underlying  the  transmission  of  heat  from  one  body  to  another. 
As  is  well  known,  heat  is  transferred  by  radiation,  convection, 
and  conduction,  and  it  will  be  seen  that  all  three  modes  of  trans- 
ference have  been  tried  by  electrical  manufacturers  in  their 
endeavours  to  further  the  cooking  business.  The  sun's  heat 
is  radiated  to  the  earth  during  the  day  ;  heat  currents  are 
convecled  through  liquids  and  gases  without  luminosity  ;  and 
conduction  takes  place  when  substances  at  different  tem- 
peratures are  in  actual  contact  with  one  another.  Let  us 
see  in  what  manner  theee  fundamental  principles  have  been 
appl  ied  in  the  various  types  of  cookers  to  be  considered. 

The  element  in  one  firm's  goods  consists  <  f  lamp-heaters 
fixed  in  a  ca.st-iron  case  forming  an  oven,  grill  and  hot-plate. 
The  heat  is  radiated  from  the  lamps  to  the  food  or  the  vessel 
containing  the  food.  This  form  of  cooker  never  was  success- 
ful, as  the  lamps  were  too  easily  destroyed  by  drops  of  water 
or  grease  breaking  the  glass  bulbs.  Another  maker  uses 
sp"ral  resistance  wires  placed  in  a  qnartz  tube.  The 
objection  to  the  lamp  heater  applies  to  the  quartz  system 
also,  although  the  cost  of  renewal  of  the  quartz  tubes  is  not 
so  great  as  that  of  the  replacement  of  an  entire  lamp  in 
the  first-mentioned  type.  The  purf)ose  of  the  quartz  tube 
is  to  increase  the  incandescence  of  the  element  so  that  more 
radiated  heat  is  emitted,  but  it  also  serves  to  hinder  the 
process  of  oxidisation  of  the  wire  when  at  a  red  heat.  Not- 
withstanding this  precaution  the  quartz  type  of  element 
"  bums  out "  very  readily,  and  on  this  account  no  great 
reliance  can  be  placed  on  it.  A  small  hot-plate  with  a 
quartz  element  has  lately  been  put  on  sale,  consuming  about 
200-300  watts,  but  it  cannot  do  the  electric  cooking 
business  much  good,  as  its  construction  and  wattage 
only  render  it  of  value  where  the  maintenance,  and  not  the 
raising,  of  temperature  is  required.  Instructions  issued  by 
the  manufacturers  of  this  small  article  contain  a  list  of  its 
accomplishments,  which  include  "the  heating  of  dinner 
plates,  the  maintenacce  of  boiling  temperature  in  a  kettle, 
the  roasting  of  chestnuts,  and  the  boiling  of  an  t^?:,'"  but  a 
footnote  carefully  informs  the  reader  that  one  must  first  of 
all  procure  the  hot  water  in  which  the  egg  is  to  be  boiled. 
This  hot-plate,  no  doubt,  fulfils  the  purpose  for  which  it  is 
intended,  but  it  seems  that  to  expend  energy  at  the  rate  of 
800  watts  "  to  roast  chestnuts  "  is  a  wicked  waste  of  elec- 
trical energy,  and  an  uninitiated  person  might  be  pardoned 
for  thinking  from  the  appearance  of  the  hot-plate  that  it 
should  do  the  ordinary  work  of  a  gas-ring. 

Several  manufacturers  have  convectors,  &c.,  made  up  with 
elements  of  metal  deposited  on  mica  sheets,  and  these  have 
also  been  fitted  to  ovens,  grills  and  kettles.  The  heater 
usually  consists  of  a  deposit  laid  between  two  short  strips 
of  mica  in  Such  a  way  that  air  is  prevented  from  reaching 
the  metal  ;  consequently  little  oxidisation  takes  place  at 
high  temperatures.  The  elements  are  placed  in  parallel,  so 
that  should  one  burn  out  the  others  will  not  be  affected. 
Another  advantage  is  that,  as  there  is  not  much  material 
surrounding  the  element,  the  heat  passes  off  as  soon  as  it  is 
generated.  It  is  evident,  tw).  that  with  an  oven  having 
heaters  of  this  type  renewals  can  be  fitted  expeditiously. 

Then  we  have  the  composition  known  as  "silundum." 
which  may  be  heated  to  a  very  high  temperature—  about 


3,000"^  F. — without  oxidising.  This  material  has  been  used 
in  the  construction  of  electrical  cookers,  and  the  results  have 
been  fairly  satisfactory,  but  the  efficiency  does  not  seem  to 
be  very  remarkable. 

A  few  years  ago  electric  ovens  having  cartridge  elements 
were  turned  out  by  a  well-l  no  vn  electrical  firm.  Each  cart- 
ridge was  formed  of  a  spiral  of  resistance  wire,  wound  on  an 
asbestos  cylinder,  and  intertcd  and  sealed  in  a  metal  tube. 
Three  elements  were  placed  in  the  oven — two  in  the  bottom 
and  one  at  the  top.  Ofting  to  the  large  amount  of  material 
forming  the  elt  ment,  the  efficiency  was  not  good,  and,  there- 
fore, little  has  been  done  in  the  improvement  of  the  cartridge 
heater.  Other  forms  have  Fpiral  wires,  in  some  cases 
supported  on,  and  in  others  embedded  in,  enamel  or 
porcelain,  and  this  brings  us  to  the  question  whether  the 
heating  wires  should  be  exposed  to  the  atmosphere,  or  • 
enclosed  in  mica  or  other  insulating  material,  unaffected  by 
reasonable  tempeiatures.  Exposing  the  element  to  the 
oxygen  of  the  air  limits  the  temperature  to  which  the  wire 
may  be  raised,  while  deterioration  of  mica  occurs  in  the 
enclosed  element  when  subjected  to  the  higher  temperatures  ; 
so  that  at  the  present  t.me,  elements  must  be  designed  which 
have  a  large  dissipating  surface  per  unit  of  power  consumed, 
otherwise  the  apparatus  will  be  liable  to  breakdown  through 
overheating.  In  the  cast-iron  hotplate,  lately  brought  out, 
one  might  suppose  we  had  the  ideal  electric  cooker,  and  it 
certainly  is  an  improvement  on  former  attempts,  lut 
considerable  energy  has  to  be  expended  in  beating  the 
cast-iron  slotrhj,  to  prevent  the  deterioration  already  alluded 
to.  If  a  substitute  for  mica  were  discovered  which 
did  not  perish  with  great  heat,  cookers  could  be  designed 
with  a  high  initial  wattage,  giving  a  quick  rise  of  temper- 
ature on  the  element,  after  -which  the  power  could  le 
automatically  reduced  to  a  value  sufficient  to  maintain  the 
h'gh  temperature.  This  would,  it  is  believed,  be  the  cooker 
par  exrcllence  if  the  elements  were  constructed  in  a  solid 
and  reliable  manner.  Putting  aside  the  objection  of  tl  c 
slow  initial  rise  of  temperature  in  the  existing  hotplate 
system,  the  arrangement  has  much  to  be  commended.  '1  be 
heating  resistance  is  a  flat  spiral  strip  laid  between  two  shec  ts 
of  mic4,  which  are  inserted  in  an  imperishable  cast-iron 
disk.  Expansion  and  contraction  of  the  iron  are  allowed 
for,  and  the  whole  is  fixed  on  the  top  of  an  iron  support 
with  the  disk  projecting  above  the  level  of  the  supporting 
frame.  Ordinary  utensils  may  be  heated  on  the  di-k,  but 
greater  efficiency  is,  of  course,  obtained  by  the  use 
of  special  vessels  having  flat  ground  bottoms  to 
ensure  g(od  conduction  between  the  disk  and  the  utentil, 
and  having  bright,  polished  surfaces  to  prevent  the  escape, 
by  radiation,  of  the  heat.  It  is  well  known  that  a  black 
surface  will  radiate  heat  quicker  than  a  brightly  polished 
surface,  so  that,  to  obtain  the  best  results,  it  is  necessary  to 
have  the  sides  of  the  utensils  polished,  while  the  surface  of 
the  hot-plate  and  the  bottom  of  the  vessel  should  be  a  dull 
black.  It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that  the  contact 
areas  should  be  quite  clean  and  free  from  soot  and  other 
non-conducting  material.  The  hot-plate  should  also  be 
fixed  to  its  support  in  such  a  way  as  to  prevent,  as  far  as 
possible,  the  transmission  of  heat  to  the  other  metal  parts  of 
the  cooker.  This  will  ensure  that  almost  all  tie  heat 
generated  is  brought  to  the  exact  position  where  it  is  required 
for  cooking  purposes.  The  tinware  vessels,  supplied  by  the 
makers  of  the  cooker,  have  special  flat  and  very  thin  co[>per 
bottoms,  which  not  only  fit  well  on  the  top  ef  the 
plate,  but  also  overhang  round  the  edge  of  the  plate.  It 
has  been  found  in  practice  that  the  overhung  rim  of 
the  utensil  becomes  too  hot  on  account  of  the  heat 
transmitted  to  this  portion  not  passing  off  quickly,  and  thus 
the  rims  of  utensils  very  soon  get  burned  and  cause  liakages 
from  the  vessels.  The  best  utensils  are,  therefore,  those  of 
cast  metal  having  a  dull  bottom  and  highly  polished  on 
their  other  surfaces.  An  oven  is  provided  to  fit  over  the  hot 
plate,  and,  to  give  additional  heat,  a  second  hot  plate  is 
inverted  and  placed  in  an  opening  in  the  top  of  the  oven. 
The  oven,  as  in  the  case  of  the  other  utensils,  has  polished 
surfaces,  and  a  further  precauiion  agaii  st  loss  of  heat  is  givt  u 
by  the  provision  of  an  air  space  between  the  outer  aid  iiiiicr 
walls  of  the  oven.  The  whole  apparatus  can  be  u-ed  in  a 
great  variety  of  ways,  and  advantage  may  be  taken  of  all  the 
heat  generated  is  the  plates.      A  complete  set  consibte  of  a 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,H<6,  Afmui,  4,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    IIKVIKW. 


577 


luble  c(K)ker,  Imviiit;  two  hoL-pliiten  on  one  fniiiic,  tin  cxton- 
)ii  plate  for  the  top  of  the  oviiii,  and  an  afHoitinent  of 
kuhIU  for  nse  with  tlu;  a|)parutU8.  'I'o  tlic  hack  of  the 
line  is  connecteil  a  flexihle  armoured  vahU'.  which  carricH 
1  tlie  current  recpiired  for  tlie  throe  hot-phite.". 
A  Scotch  tirni  of  inaniifa(;turers  has  recently  jjiit  forward 
I  electric  cooker,  which,  with  the  possihility  of  iinprove- 
ent,  bids  fair  to  hcconie  the  ideal  cooker  we  have  looked 
r.     The  makers  have  copied,  to  a  certain  extent,  the  design 

a  f^as  cooker,  in  having  a  cast-iron  oven  for  roasting  and 
iking,  two  hot-jjlates  on  top  for  boiling,  stewint',  iV.c.,  a 
)uble  grill  and  toaster,  and  a  hot  (-iipboard  for  keeping 
od  wain),  waiming  plates,  or  for  slow  cooking.  The  oven 
lined  with  white  porcelain  enamelled  steel  sheets,  and  (itted 
itli  an  inner  glass  door,  so  tJMitfood  can  be  examined  while 
oking  witliout  loss  of  beat.  It  also  has  a  thermometer 
«dcd  to  show  what  t<  ni|  eraturc  of  oven  is  recpiired  for 
le  various  cooking  operations.  'J'be  grill  is  fitted  with 
lite  enamelled  sides  and  back,  and  both  oven  and  grill 
e  thoroughly  lagged  with  asbestos.  The  elements  are  of 
ick  high-resistance  spirals  mounted  on  fire-brick,  and  so 
ranged  in  sections  that  it  is  a  matter  of  minutes  to  replace 

section   should    it    burn   nut.       It    will  be    interesting 

see  how  the  claims  for  reliability  of  the  new  cooker  are 
irne  out  in  practice.  From  its  similarity  to  the  gas  cooker 
at  least  has  the  advantage  that  no  special  instructions  in 
!  use  need  be  given  to  anyone  familiar  with  the  working 

a  gas  cooker. 

The  control  of  electric  cookers  has  always  been  a  difficult 
oblem  for  manufacturers.  (xooi  appliances  have  been 
mpletely  spoiled  for  lack  of  perfect  switching  arrange- 
ents.  In  the  case  of  the  disk  stoves,  two  switches  are 
ovided — one  to  give  full  heat  and  the  other  to  give  about 
le-third  of  full  beat.  To  obtain  even  distribution  over  the 
ate  at  both  degrees  of  heat,  the  element  must  be  divided 
to  two  parts,  and  the  switches  arranged  so  that  on  top 
lat  the  two  portions  are  in  parallel,  while  on  "  low  "  the 
Trent  passes  through  them  in  series.  To  allow  of  this,  one 
aker  has  double-pole  tumbler  switches,  which  have  been 
signed  with  lo  great  heed  to  proper  insulation  between 
lies,  and  practice  has  shown  that,  after  being  in  use  for 
me  time,  the  insulation  breaks  down,  and  arcing  across 
e  full  pressure  takes  place  on  switching  off.  In  another 
[e,  three  two-way  switches  have  had  to  be  linked  together 

give  the  desired  change  from  series  to  parallel  in  the  two 
irts  of  the  element.  A  firm  of  accessory  manufacturers 
18,  however,  come  forward  with  special,  well-designed 
fitches  of  ample  capacity,  and  having  the  necessary  insula- 
m  resistance,  and  little  trouble  should  be  experienced  from 
is  source  in  future  where  the  new  pattern  of  switch  is 
opted. 

It  is  desirable  to  fix  the  control  switches  on  a  separate 
)ard  close  to  the  cooker,  unless  a  position  on  the  cooker  can 
!  selected  where  they  will  not  be  damaged  by  water  or 
■at.  Connecting  wiies  should,  however,  be  as  short  as 
)8sible,  as  a  great  many  breakdowns  to  ovens  and  hot- 
ates  occur  in  the  kading-in  wirts.  Ihey  should  also  be  of 
uch  heavier  wire  than  the  heating  element.  One  switch 
ily,  having  several  positions,  should  be  fixed  to  control 
ich  comp'ete  heating  element,  and  as  the  trp  heat  is 
ways  required  in  commencing  operations,  the  positions 
lould  be  arranged  so  that  the  handle  of  the  switch  can  be 
oved  directly  fiom  "iff  "  position  to  the  point  connecting 
ith  full  heat,  and  from  •'  full  "  to  the  lower  values  before 
ritchiug  off.  This  arrangement,  it  will  be  observed,  also 
nds  to  minimise  the  arcing  at  the  switch  contacts  on 
ductive  circuits.  A  single-pole  enclosed  clip  fuse  (a  "  Zed  " 
ise  is  almost  ideal)  should  be  inserted  in  the  circuit  with 
ch  element. 

It  is  of  great  importance  that  the  cook  should  know,  not 
ily  that  the  switch  is  "on,"  but  also  that  current  is 
;tually  flowing  through  the  element,  and  where  the  latter 

not  exposed  to  view,  some  method  must  be  devised  to 
low  that  current  is  passing. 

A  small  pilot  lamp  at  a  convenient  point  has  been  tried, 
id  in  some  instances,  switches  have  been  used  which  are 
"ovided  with  small  glow  lamps  behind  the  index,  which 
dicate  not  only  that  current  is  flowing,  but  also  the 
lative  strength  of  the  current.  These  special  devices 
iturally  increase  the  cost  of  an  electric  cooker  to  a  figure 


which  may  Hi;em  ridiculous  when  'timjmn.d  with  the  <^»l  of 
a  gaH  cxK)ker,  but  it  is  <|uite  decided  that  apjiarutUH  for  ii*r 
with  electricity  must  necesHarily  Ixj  very  much  more  exjjen- 
sive  than  gas  applianciH,  and  it  will  \m  a  great  mintake  if 
the  development  of  electricity  for  cfKtking  iH  hamjiertd  by 
leaving  out  devic^js  which  tend  to  gn:aU:r  reliiibility.  (yVr- 
tainly  the  public  will  n'<|iiire  to  I*  educated  in  the  new  way 
of  cooking,  no  matt<  r  how  himple  t,he  ai){)aralii«  may  U;, 
just  B8  it  had  U)  be  familiarined  with  gas  cookcrH  when 
these  first  came  into  vogue.  With  handy  ccnitrolling  gear 
on  an  electlic  cooker  it  will  be  evident  that  once  u  cooking 
o|)eration  has  Iwen  carried  out  satisfactorily,  the  same  satin- 
faction  hIioiiUI  be  obtained  again  for  the  same  operation, 
witii  the  switches  arranged  and  time  allowed,  as  in  the  first 
case. 

('heap  sets  of  breakfast  outfits  are  to  l>e  iiad,  c^onsisting  of 
a  hot-plate,  fry  pan,  stewpan,  and  an  electric  kettle,  and  the 
results  attained  with  these  compare  very  well  with  thcj.seof  the 
ordinary  gas-ring,  if  we  neglect  the  delay  Ciccasioned  through 
the  initial  raising  of  the  temi)eralure  of  the  hot-plate.  It  is 
easily  possible  to  cook  a  breakfast  by  eleclricHty  for  three 
persons  within  half  an  hour  wiih  an  ex[>enditure  of  less  than 
half  a  unit,  taking  full  advantage  of  the  heat  stored  in  the 
hot-plate  after  the  current  is  switched  "off."  When  account 
is  taken  of  the  enormous  waste  in  the  ordinary  kitchen  fire 
— about  90  per  cent. — and  the  losses  which  occur  with  a 
gas-ring  through  radiation  of  heat  from  dirty  utensils,  and 
on  account  of  soot  on  the  bottom  of  kettles,  ic,  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  electrical  method  is,  after  all,  a  very  efficient 
system. 

The  loading  of  the  elements  of  cookers  has  already  been 
briefly  referred  to.  The  wattage  for  hot-plates  should  not 
exceed  23  watts  per  scj.  in.  of  boiling-plate  surface  where 
mica  enters  into  the  construction,  and  should  not  be  less 
than  20  watts  per  sq.  in.  A  higher  loading  than  25  watts 
per  sq.  in.  will  disintegrate  the  mica  and  destroy  its  insulating 
properties. 

In  the  foregoing  notes  an  endeavour  has  been  made  to 
emphasise  the  fact  that  to  popularise  electric  cooking,  the 
apparatus  must  be  absolutely  reliable  on  all  occasions. 
Elements  will,  naturally,  burn  out  through  time,  but  they 
must  be  so  constiucttd  that  only  that  portion  which  gives 
way  will  be  affeded,  and  a  complete  stoppage  of  the  cooking 
made  an  impossibility.  The  heaters  must  be  cheap,  and  so 
simple  that  any  housewife  may  be  able  to  replace  them  in  a 
few  minutes.  So  far  as  present  knowledge  goes,  we  have  not 
quite  got  the  ideal  apparatus,  and  it  is  to  be  earnestly  hoped 
that,  as  the  price  per  unit  is  still  further  reduced  by  supply 
authorities,  manufacturers  will  on  their  part  leave  nothing 
undone  in  their  attempts  towards  the  perfectii.g  of  their 
electric  cooking  apparatus. 


DUMPING  :    A    NOTE    ON    A    PARTICULAR 
CASE   OP   DISCRIMINATIVE    CHARGES. 


By  JOSEPH  GOODMAN,  A.M  I.Mech.E.,  A.M.I.E.E. 


In  the  following  note  it  is  not  intended  to  treat  the  above 
question  fully  or  in  any  way  dogmatically,  but  it  is  written 
with  the  hope  that  any  person  who  will  bear  with  the  argu- 
ments to  the  end,  will  be  sufficiently  interested  to  think  for 
himself  on  the  matter,  and  not  content  himself  with  the 
popular  view,  which  usually  only  leads  to  a  deejer  misconcep- 
tion of  the  principles  involved. 

When  considering  the  question  of  dumping,  it  is  well  to 
define  at  the  outset  the  particular  meaning  attached  to  the 
word  in  the  particular  instance  under  notice,  or.  in  other 
words,  to  distinguish  between  the  various  kinds  of  dumping. 

The  dumping  of  surpluses  may  first  be  considered.  The 
manufacturer  of  a  certain  article  can  seldom,  if  ever,  predict 
the  exact  demand  that  there  will  be  in  any  certain  period  of 
time  for  that  article,  but  he  will,  at  any  rate,  see  that  he  is 
not  short  of  the  amount  that  will  bring  him  a  maximum  of 
profit :  hence  it  freciueutly  occurs  that  his  supply  is  excessive, 
and  a  surplus  arises. 

Now,   as  a   matter  of  business,   tie   manufacturer   will 


578 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,815,  Apbil  1,  1913. 


probably  prefer  to  keep  a  fairly  bifib  price  level  in  bis  boiiie 
market  :  tbis  means  tbat  he  will  restrict  bis  supjjly  to  tbe 
bonje  market,  and  will  dispose  of  tbe  surplus,  wbicb  conse- 
•luently  arises,  in  tbe  foreign  market. 

Tbis  surplus  will,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  sell  at  tbe  price 
whicb  then  obtains  in  the  foreign  market  for  that  particular 
article,  wbicb  price,  however,  may  actually  be  lower  than  tbe 
figure  wbicb  would  leave  any  profit  for  the  manufacturer, 
were  his  whole  output  to  be  sold  at  tbat  particular 
price. 

It  is  at  once  seen  from  tbe  above  that  in  tbis  case  a  surplus 
may  be  considered  as  a  quantity  of  output  which  would  not 
have  been  manufactured  if  the  price  for  which  it  was  to  be 
sold  bad  l)een  foreseen. 

A  second  kind  of  dumping  is  that  whicb  consists  in 
deliberately  manufacturing  an  excess  so  that  increased 
quantities  of  the  manufacture  can  be  sold  abroad  (at  a  loss) 
in  order  to  advertise  the  goods  or  to  drive  competitors 
from  tbe  market.  It  is,  however,  very  doubtful  if  any 
manufacturer  would  adopt  this  plan  in  view  of  the 
(excessive  cost  (except  possibly  in  tbe  case  of  some  unique 
article,  where  it  might  be  done  to  create  a  market,  tbe 
price  being  afterwards  raised  when  the  public  taste  liad 
been  whetted). 

With  regard  to  competitors  the  above  course  would  be 
feasible  if  actually  the  competitors  could  be  driven  from 
the  field  with  small  chance  of  recovery  within  a  reasonable 
time.  It  will  be  seen  that  this  should  not  be  the  case  in 
ordinary  commercial  life. 

Take  the  case  of  the  old-established  industries  ;  these 
would  work  and  sell  for  many  years  below  their  full  cost  of 
production  (i.e.,  including  standing  charges)  rather  than 
shut  down,  since  shutting  down  would  mean  the  destroyal  of 
their  plant.  They  would  manufacture  so  long  as  tbe  selling 
price  was  well  above  tbe  works  cost  of  production,  i.e., 
exclusive  of  standing  charges,  which  would  not  be  saved  by 
a  shut  down. 

Again,  taking  the  case  of  other  industries  so  controlled 
that,  directly  prices  become  in  the  least  unremunerative,  their 
output  immediately  contracts  ;  it  is  equally  fair  to  assume 
that  immediately  upon  a  recovery  in  price,  which  would  again 
render  manufacture  profitable,  the  output  can  be  as  easily 
increased. 

Briefly,  it  seems  probable  that  competitors  who  are  easily 
driven  from  the  market  when  prices  are  unfavourable,  are 
easily  rallied  on  an  improvement  in  the  market ;  whilst  those 
competitors  who  are  not  easily  routed,  can  only  be  finally 
driven  out  of  the  market  after  a  long  and  expensive 
campaigQ.  Also  in  either  case  an  eventual  rise  in  price 
occurs  which  involves  the  danger  of  losing  the  custom  which 
was  obtained  at  the  lower  price  ;  in  short,  the  commodity 
must  be  somewhat  unique  or  indispensable  for  such  a  course 
to  be  taken. 

Finally,  one  may  consider  dumping  in  which  there  is  to 
be  no  ultimate  raising  in  price,  i.e.,  the  commodity  is  sold 
at  first,  and  for  all  time  (in  the  foreign  market),  at  a  price 
which  is  below  the  cost  of  production.  This  is  a  very 
different  case,  and  is  a  much  more  feasible  and  business-like 
proceeding.  Such  a  supply  has  to  be  manufactured  that 
after  the  home  demand  has  been  satisfied  at  a  high  or 
moderately  high  price,  a  quantity  is  still  left  which  has  to 
be  sold  in  outside  markets  at  a  price  below  the  cost  of 
production. 

An  ordinary  method  of  argument,  attempting  to  show  that 
tbe  policy  pays,  is  to  say  that  the  manufacturer  can  afford  to 
sell  at  a  loss  in  the  foreign  market,  because  he  obtains  more 
than  a  normal  profit  from  his  home  sales.  This  necessitates 
explaining  why,  when  he  is  making  easy  money  at  home,  the 
manufacturer  deliberately  determines  to  carry  on  a  losing 
trade  with  foreign  oustomeri. 

It  o&n,  however,  be  shown  tbat  under  favourable  oon> 
dltioni,  It  it  possible  for  a  manufacturer  to  sell  continuously 
abroad  at  a  price  below  the  cost  of  production,  cost  of  pro. 
duction  being  understood  to  mean  the  average  cost  (cost 
per  unit)  over  the  whole  of  the  output  manufactured, 
Then  sales  in  a  foreign  market  at  a  price  beneath  the 
cost  of  production  will  be  profitable,  provided  that  the 
foreign  price  is  greater  than  the  additional  cost  made  to  the 
total  costs  of  the  industry  by  the  production  of  the  addi- 
tional exported  quantit/  of  output,  when  thia  additional 


cost  is  estimated  per  unit  of  the  exported  output.  Hence 
we  see  that  the  industry  must  be  subject  to  increasing 
returns. 

The  fact  that  the  foreign  market  (i.e.,  increased  output) 
is  deliberately  catered  for  in  manufacturing,  involves  the 
expansion  of  the  industry,  and  the  enlarged  industry  pro- 
perly organised  means  a  lower  cost  of  production  per  unit  of 
the  article  or  commodity  manufactured.  In  addition  to 
this  must  be  reckoned  the  reduction  in  the  cost  of  articles 
still  sold  on  favourable  terms  in  tbe  home  market. 

N.B. — AVhen  the  expansion  of  a  business  is  accompanied 
by  a  fall  in  the  marginal  cost,  it  is  usual  to  say  that  the 
business  is  subject  to  increasing  returns  ;  if  the  expansion 
is  accompanied  by  a  rise  in  the  marginal  cost,  it  is  usual  to 
say  that  the  business  is  subject  to  decreasing  returns. 

The  above  involves  tbe  term  "  marginal  cost  "  :^Suppose 
a  firm  manufacture  in  any  period  one  thousand  boots,  then 
the  additional  cost  of  production  incurred  by  manufacturing 
the  last  boot  over  and  above  the  previous  nine  hundred  and 
ninety-nine  boots  may  be  taken  as  giving  the  "marginal 
cost " — a  crude  explanation  of  an  important  term,  but 
sufficient  for  the  present  purpose. 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Electric  Heating  and   Cooking. 

The  Yorkshire  Local  Section  of  the  Institution  op 
Electrical  Engineers  discuesed  this  subject  on  March  12th, 
191S.  In  openiner  the  discussion,  Mb.  Thomas  Roles  said  the 
subject  was  one  which,  in  his  opinion,  was  of  the  greatest  moment 
to  the  electrial  industry.  As  far  as  he  had  been  able  to  ascertain, 
the  United  Kingdom  was  well  ahead  of  all  other  countries  as 
regards  both  the  manufacture  and  use  of  electric  heating  and 
cooking  apparatus.  This  progress  has  been  principally  due  'o  three 
causes,  viz.  :— (1)  The  reductions  which  had  been  made  in  the 
prices  at  which  the  apparatus  was  sold  ;  (2)  The  reduction  in  the 
prices  charged  for  electricity  used  for  such  purposes  ;  and  (3)  the 
more  active  steps  which  had  been  taken  to  make  public  the  advan- 
tages of  the  use  of  electricity  and  to  push  its  sale. 

The  remarkable  developments  in  the  application  of  electricity  for 
power  purposes  had  overshadowed  to  a  large  extent  the  question 
of  the  use  of  electricity  for  heating  and  cooking  purposes,  as 
supply  engineers  and  contractors  had  had  their  hands  full  in  dealing 
with  work  in  connection  with  power  supply. 

In  areas  where  few  manufacturing  industries  were  in  existence, 
the  local  electrical  engineers  had  had  to  turn  to  business  and 
domestic  premisfs  as  the  only  outlets  for  increased  output,  and  in 
a  number  of  instances  the  heating  and  cooking  problem  had 
received  the  special  attention  at  their  hands  which,  in  most 
manufacturing  centres,  had  been  given  to  the  question  of  power 
supply.  In  one  of  these  areas — viz.,  the  Metropolitan  Borough  of 
St.  Marylebone— an  average  of  over  160  KW.  of  electric  heating 
and  cooking  apparatus  was  being  installed  per  month,  and  nearly 
200  complete  electric  cooking  outfits  were  on  hire  by  consumers 
from  the  supply  undertaking.  This  had  been  accomplished  in  the 
face  of  very  keen  competition  on  the  part  of  the  large  company 
supplying  gas  in  the  borough.  He  could  unhesitatingly  state,  from 
actual  experience,  that  there  was  a  demand  for  electric  heating  and 
cooking  in  manufacturing  districts,  and  it  was  his  belief  that  this 
demand  wovdd  grow  rapidly,  with  the  result  that  in  a  few  years' 
time  electric  heating  and  cooking  would  to  a  greater  of  lesser 
extent  become  an  everyday  practice  in  the  majority  of  houses  having . 
electric  lighting  installations,  and  that  eventually  electricity  would 
be  far  more  popular  than  gas  for  these  purposes. 

The  invariable  experience  of  those  engineers  who  had  energeti- 
cally tackled  the  heating  and  cooking  problem  was  that  they  had 
not  been  troubled  by  excessive  peak  loads,  but  had  benefited  by  a 
general  increase  in  output  and  load  factor. 

Up  to  December  Slst  last,  the  total  capacity  of  the  heatinir  and 
cooking  apparatus  which  was  known  to  have  been  oonneoted  to  the 
Bradford  Corporation  mains,  exceeded  1,000  KW.  Included  In  tbla 
figure  were  the  following  appliances  which  had  been  oonneoted  by 
consumers  who  had  adopted  the  special  domestio  rate  : — 261 
radiators,  136  irons,  27  kettles,  25  oookinK  ovens,  13  hot  plateg, 
and  other  small  utensils,  such  as  shaving-pots,  milk  and  etrir-boilerii, 
toattere,  ka,  A  very  conaldcrablo  number  of  tbe  conneotions,  how> 
ever,  were  only  represented  in  the  department'i  books  ai  plugs,  and 
when  apparatui  was  purchased  for  «ttaobment  to  tb'M,  la  tbi 
m"|orlty  of  oaiei  no  formal  notlflcatlon  xvaa  made,  Tbara  wert 
undoubtedly  very  oonelderable  numbers  of  radlatori,  irons,  ko.,  ooUf 
tieoted  to  the  Bradford  mains  wbicb  were  not  included  in  tba  above 
figures. 

The  number  of  cooking  outfits  connected  might  have  been  very 
considerably  increased  had  the  electricity  department  instituted  a 
scheme  for  hiring  out  such  apparatus  at  reasonable  rates.  The 
design  of  cookers  of  several  makes  had,  however,  now  become  ao  fai 
standardised  tbat  in  all  probability  a  hiring  scheme  would  soon  be 
inaugurated,  and  a  oonsiderable  number  of  oonsumers  bad  expreued 


No.  i.Hir,,  Ar>nii,  I,  r.tn. 


THE    ETiKCTRICAL    ill-: VI I-: W. 


07  W 


a  dtmiro  to  tfivv  ctleolric  cookiii((  a  trial  iiiiiiuxtiiitcly  niicIi  a  wihciiif 
wiiH  put  into  operation. 

Tlio  inorciiHO  in  tho  hoiitini,'  and  oookiiijf  output  liad  licim  alniowt 
solely  thu  rcHult  of  the  Hpccial  uhar^c  of  15  por  criil.  p<!r  annum  on 
tho  n»it  rateable  value  of  the  premiwH,  pluH  Jd.  per  unit  for  all  cur- 
rent coiiMumed,  an  renistercd  by  meter  (which  wuh  provided  free  of 
rental  ehart;o),  and  of  recommendationn  inmlo  by  conHumerH  to  their 
friendrt  after  porHonal  experience  of  the  uho  of  olcvtrio  beating  and 
cooking  apparatuH. 

In  bin  opinion  no  ^reat  headway  would  bo  niado  by  any  Hupply 
undertakintr  working'  in  an  area  where  (;aH  waH  supplied  at  Sb.  per 
thousand  cubic  feet  or  under,  unless  electrical  energy  for  such  pur- 
poses was  supplied  at  a  price  not  exceeding'  Jd.  per  unit.  The 
author  was  of  opinion  that  such  a  tariff  was  remunerative,  pro- 
vided that  a  resonablo  fixed  <!harpe  was  also  made. 

The  lower  the  price  churped  for  current  the  hi|;heT  will  be  the 
load-factor  of  the  8U))ply.  This  had  been  proved  to  be  the  case  in 
connection -with  lit,'htin(,'  and  power  supplies.  The  question  of 
load-factor  was  not  of  such  great  importance  when  dcalinp  with 
cookinjj  loads  as  when  applied  to  heatinp  leads.  Leavinpf  out 
exceptional  cases,  cookinpr  loads  must  be  intermittent,  and  a  low 
tatilf  could  only  l>e  justified  by  reason  of  their  (jfeat  diversity 
factor.  Radiators  and  con  vectors  would  only  be  used  for  occasional 
purposes  where  a  hiph  tariff  was  imposed,  but  with  the  reduction 
of  the  tariff  they  would  become  more  and  more  popular  for  all-day 
heating'.     (See  table.) 

Statement  x/iowi'ii/  Total  Niiiiiher  of  rnitu  Sold  to  Comiimcrx  tc/io  hare 
adopted  the  Special  Domestic  Rate  etii^li  year  since  its  institiition. 

Year  ended.  Units. 

December  Slst,  1910  (six  months  only)       ...  53,733 

December  Slat,  1911     263.618 

December  31st,  1912 43.5,760 

When  consideriner  the  best  method  of  applying-  electricity  for 
heating  purposes,  the  actual  requirements  of  the  case  should  be 
taken  carefully  into  consideration.  Should  the  heater  only  be 
required  for  intermittent  use,  or  to  provide  warmth  immediately,  a 
radiator  should  be  installed.  If,  however,  it  was  desired  to  warm  the 
whole  of  an  apartment  in  the  shortest  possible  time,  and  to  main- 
tain the  warmth  afterwards,  a  convector  would  be  found  most 
suitable. 

It  has  been  found  by  the  author  that  to  obtain  satisfactory 
heating  the  consumption  of  the  heater  should  not  be  lees  than 
1  watt  per  cb.  ft.  of  the  apartment  to  be  heated.  In  apartments 
where  there  are  a  number  of  doors  or  windows,  or  the  door  is  being 
continually  left  open,  the  consumption  should  be  greater.  Now 
that  current  is  obtainable  at  id.  per  unit,  and  cheaper  designs  of 
radiators  and  convectors  have  been  evolved,  it  is  quite  common  for 
two  and  three-unit  heaters  to  be  installed,  with  the  result  that 
satisfactory  heating  effects  are  obtained. 

The  luminous  radiator  of  Mr.  H.  J.  Dowsing  is  as  efficient  as 
any  on  the  market,  and  it  is  advisable  that  this  form  or  some 
modification  thereof  should  always  be  used  when  luminous  radiators 
are  adopted.. 

In  some  deeigns  of  lamp  radiators  which  have  come  under  the 
author's  notice,  the  lamps  are  more  or  less  hidden  at  the  top, 
bottom,  or  sides  of  the  radiator  by  some  portion  of  the  body.  This 
tends  to  cause  overheating  of  the  lamps,  and  to  shorten  their  life. 
Overheating  of  the  lamp  holders  also  results,  with  consequent 
trouble  with  their  contacts,  and  further  reduction  in  the  efficiency 
of  the  heater  as  a  whole.  Designers  of  radiators  should  always 
bear  in  mind  that  the  object  for  which  a  heater  is  required  is  to 
give  off  as  much  heat  as  possible,  and  not  to  retain  the  heat  in  its 
body.  This  object  can  only  be  achieved  by  allowing  the  air  to  have 
as  free  access  as  possible  to  the  heater,  in  order  to  reduce  the 
temperature  of  its  parts,  and,  in  the  case  of  radiators,  to  design  the 
body  80  that  there  is  as  little  obstruction  as  possible  to  the  rays  of 
heat  given  out  by  the  elements.  There  are  many  luminous 
radiators  on  the  market  which  do  not  comply  with  the  above 
conditions. 

Bastian  and  other  types  of  open  glowers  should  be  guarded  to 
prevent  fire  occurring  through  inflammable  materials  touching  the 
elements,  and  should  not  be  mounted  too  close  to  the  floor  unless 
the  latter  is  well  heat  insulated,  as  it-is  found  that  these  types  of 
heaters  throw  a  considerable  amount  of  heat  downwards.  The 
oonneotionB  to  the  heating  elements  should  be  of  good  mechanical 
construction,  simple  clips,  such  as  are  often  used,  being  a  source  of 
great  trouble,  especially  If  the  glowers  are  of  high  capacity,  as  in 
course  of  time,  through  the  continual  espacsion  and  contraction 
which  takes  place,  the  clip  becomes  loose. 

The  type  of  radiator  known  as  the  Ferranti  fire  is  very  efiScient. 
The  usual  form  in  which  this  is  made  is  that  of  a  metal  bowl  some 
18  in.  In  diameter,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  fitted  a  hot  plate 
covered  with  a  quartz  disk.  After  current  has  been  switched  on 
{or  lome  little  time  both  the  face  of  the  hot  plate  and  the  disk 
become  red  hot,  gfivlng  the  heater  a  cheerful  appearance,  and  the 
/ormatloa  of  the  metol  bowl  oaueea  the  radiant  beat  to  be  well 
thrown  out  Into  the  room,  In  uBinir  this  type  of  beater,  oare 
must  be  token  to  prevent  inflammable  materials  from  toucblcfj:  the 
qaartx  disk. 

Many  oonveotori  are  made  with  Insufficient  air  inlets,  and  the 
outlets  are  often  considerably  baffled,  This  causes  over-heating  of 
tbe  elements  and  contacts,  and  tends  to  reduce  the  efficiency  of 
the  heater.  In  a  recent  case  which  came  under  the  author's  notice, 
a  convector  was  returned  by  a  consumer  on  the  ground  that  the 
beat  given  off  was  insufficient,  and  with  the  request  that  additional 
beating  elements  should  be  inserted.  The  capacity  of  the  con- 
veotor  was  increased  by  adding  further  elements,  wbioh  were  of 


wire  wound  on  mien  Ntripx,  thf  air  0|)<!nlnt^ii  In  thi;  lower  part  of 
the  bu<ly  wcrii  IncreaMod  by  MX)  [xtr  r«nt ,  anil  th<i  l«nii-  plate, 
wliicli  bail  lii'i-ri  Hxeil  above  tlin  original  iili-mi-ntu,  waa  rniioveil. 
On  the  heater  bi'ini;  retiirnrd  to  Hid  roniium<-r  It  ifavR  evi-ry  Hfttiil- 
factiun,  HO  much  ho  tbut  the  a<lilltir>nal  h<-ating  unitu  wirm  not' 
rc<)uire<l,  the  ti-mporuture  of  the  room  beini;  niaintalnifl  with  l<*M 
conHiiniption  than  was  tho  i-ahu  when  the  convector  wax  Dud  in  itii 
original  condition. 

A  simple  and  elfective  form  of  convector  in  that  known  an  the 
O.K.(/'.  tul)«  h<at<-r,  in  whi>-h  radiator  lam|Mi  are  fitted  innule 
metal  tubes  of  alK)ut  twice  tho  lamp's  iliaini-ter.  In  thin  cafo  the 
radiant  heat  of  the  lamps  is  not  utiliwd  din-ctly  for  warming  the 
room,  but  to  bent  up  the  enclosing  nielul  tuttes,  which  in  lorn  heat 
the  air  which  paHses  rapidly  through  them. 

Itadio-convectors  have  during  the  past  few  years  become  very 
popular.  These  usually  consist  of  a  four-light  luminous  radiator  at 
the  back  of  which  arc  arranged  a  number  of  coils  forming  a  con- 
vector. \\y  combining  the  two  forms  of  heaters  a  very  fatisfactory 
result  is  obtained. 

Generally  speaking  the  electric  heater  can  only  compete  with 
other  forms  of  heaters  by  reason  of  its  adaptability,  and  the  fact 
that  the  whole  of  the  heat  units  given  olf  by  it  can  be  efficiently 
utilised.  In  preparing  schemes  for  electric  heating,  therefore,  it  is 
most  desirable  that  the  whole  of  the  conditions  shonld  be 
thoroughly  studied  and  the  heat  applied  in  the  most  suitable 
manner  and  positions. 

One  of  the  first  firms  to  make  a  serious  attempt  to  pat  a,  practical 
cooking  outfit  on  the  market  at  a  reasonable  price  was  the  Ilerry 
Construction  Co.,  Ltd  ,  whofe  "Tricity"  cooker  has  had  a  very  con- 
siderable sale,  and  is  well  known  throughout  the  country.  Very 
satisfactory  results  have  been  obtained  from  the  ufe  of  this  outfit, 
but  it  has  been  found  by  experience  to  have  a  number  of  disad- 
vantages.    Amongst  these  may  be  mentioned  the  following  : — 

The  flexible  connections  to  the  hot-plate  on  the  top  of  the  oven 
and  the  extension  cooker  are  often  found  to  be  in  the  way,  and,  as 
is  the  case  with  all  flexibles,  faults  develop  where  the  wire  is 
attached  to  the  plug  or  to  the  plate.  The  plugs  also  after  a  time 
make  bad  contact  owing  to  the  pins  losing  their  spring  through 
constant  use.  When  this  happens,  either  the  plug  heats  up  the 
fuses,  or,  as  had  been  the  case  on  a  number  of  occasions,  the  con- 
tact is  so  bad  as  to  prevent  current  passing  to  the  hot-plaie,  with 
consequent  loss  of  heat  in  the  oven  and  spoiling  of  the  food  being 
cooked.  Another  great  disadvantage  which  is  found  in  connection 
with  this  outfit  is  its  novelty  of  construction,  which  causes  it  to 
fail  to  appeal  to  the  average  cook,  who  is  usually  of  a  conserva- 
tive disposition.  Having  been  used  to  coal  fires  and  gas  ranges,  the 
cook  naturally  prefers  that  an  electric  cooker  should  be  constructed 
somewhat  on  the  same  lines,  and  for  this  reason  electric  ovens 
designed  on  somewhat  similar  lines  to  gas  stoves  are  now- 
becoming  the  standard  article  provided  for  electric  cooking 
purposes. 

The  majority  of  manufacturers,  however,  cannot  be  said  to  have 
yet  settled  down  to  what  may  be  regarded  as  standard  lines,  as 
they  do  not  seem  to  have  sufficiently  studied  the  requirements  of 
the  various  classes  of  people  for  which  they  have  to  cater. 

The  varying  requirements  of  different  parts  of  the  country  have 
also  not  been  realised.  Most  electric  stoves  appear  to  have  been 
designed  to  suit  London  conditions,  and  the  ovens  made  sufficiently 
large  to  cook  a  small  joint  and  pastry.  On  introducing  these  ovens 
in  Bradford,  it  was  soon  ascertained  that  they  would  not  meet  the 
local  conditions,  a  s  one  of  the  fir  st  requirements  for  an  oven  in  the  West 
Riding  seems  to  be  that  it  should  be  capable  of  baking  bread,  whereas 
in  London  and  in  most  towns  in  the  south  it  is  unusual  for  bread 
baking  to  be  carried  out  at  home.  The  internal  dimensions  of  the 
cookers  originally  supplied  were  too  small  to  accommodate  the 
usual  baking  of  half  a  stone  of  bread.  In  addition  to  this,  the 
elements  in  some  types  of  ovens  were  arranged  round  the  sides,  and 
as,  in  connection  with  the  baking  of  bread,  it  is  generally  conceded 
that  a  bottom  heat  gives  the  best  results,  and  as  the  majority  of 
coal  ovens  in  Bradford  are  so  arranged  that  the  most  intense  heat 
is  at  the  bottom,  the  consumers  who  tried  the  electric  ovens 
could  not  obtain  satisfactory  results  from  them.  In  London  and 
the  south,  cooks  have  become  quite  used  to  side  heat  by  reason 
of  the  general  use  of  gas  stoves  ;  and  in  the  case  of  coal-fired 
ovens  for  domestic  use,  the  most  intense  heat  is  applied  at  their 
tops. 

The  ovens  should  be  provided  with  at  least  three  separate  sets 
of  heating  elements,  so  controlled  that  not  less  than  three  regu- 
lations are  provided.  It  is  advisable  that  the  capacity  of  the  heating 
elements  should  be  such  that  two  sets  are  capable  of  maintaining 
sufficient  heat  for  all  ordinary  baking  operations.  The  advantage 
of  this  arrangement  is  that  the  oven  can  be  quickly  brought  up 
to  full  heat  by  the  use  of  all  three  elements,  and  that  in  the 
event  of  the  failure  of  one  of  them,  tho  remaining  two  would  provide 
sufficient  beat  to  complete  the  operations  in  band  without  spoilinr 
the  food. 

It  would  appear  an  advantage  if  ovens  were  oonstruoted  M  that 
a  erlowing  type  of  unit  could  be  need  for  the  cooking  of  meat,  and 
oontroUed  by  a  geries-parallel  arrangrement,  lo  that  the  heat  in  each 
indlvldnal  element  could  be  reduced  when  bread  or  pastry  wai  being 
baked, 

A  thermometer  of  the  meronrial  typo,  protected  from  injury, 
should  be  provided  on  the  door  or  otjjer  oonvenient  portion  of  tba 
oven,  and  a  table  of  temperatures  and  inBtruotions  as  to  the  heata 
required  for  the  cooking  of  various  dishes  should  be  sent  out  with 
each  cooker. 

Olass  panels  are  provided  by  some  makers  in  the  door  of  the  oven, 
and  these  are  of  unquestionable  use  if  the  heating  elements  used  glow 
sufficiently  to  provide  enough  light  to  enable  one  to  see  the  food  being 
oooked, 


580 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,        [Voi.  72.  No.  i,8<5,  apbil  ♦,  1913. 


It  is  generally  foand  that  two  hot  plates  and  one  grill  mounted 
above  the  oven  are  snfiBcient  for  all  ordinary  purposes.  The  hot 
platee  should  be  bo  arranged  that  either  the  plate  as  a  whole,  cr 
the  heating  element,  can  be  easily  rt  moved  for  the  purpose  of  repair, 
otherwise  repairs  prove  costly  and  of  great  inconvenience  to 
the  persons  in  whofe  houses  the  cookers  are  installed. 

A  tiat  plate  of  not  smaller  dimensions  than  :!»;  in.  x  18  in.  should 
be  fitted  at  the  top  of  the  oven,  level  with  the  base  of  the  hot 
plates,  so  that  cooking  utensils,  dishes,  pistes,  .tc,  may  be  stood 
thereon.     This  plate  should  be  left  bright  and  kept  clean. 

The  space  between  the  underside  of  the  hot  plate  sud  the  oven 
should  be  utilised  partly  as  a  hot  cupboard  for  warming  dishrs, 
plates,  .^c.,and  partly  as  a  grill,  the  grill  elements  being  6xtd  to  the 
underside  of  the  plate.  The  grill  should  be  of  not  less  dimensions 
than  12  in.  X  8  in.,  and  should  be  arranged  with  two  htats.  so  that 
one  half  of  the  heating  elements  can  be  used  if  found  desirable. 
Arrangements  should  Ije  made  so  that  the  grid  on  which  the  article 
to  be  grilled  is  placed  can  be  supported  at  varying  distances  from 
the  elements. 

The  whole  of  the  heating  units  should  be  separately  switched 
and  fused.  Each  hot  plate  should  be  provided  with  at  l<=ast  two, 
and  preferably  three,  regulations  of  heat  in  the  proportions  of 
quarter,  half  and  full,  the  regulation  being  provided  hy  a  Dism'^nd 
"  H "  switch  having  one  "off"  and  three  "rn"  contacts.  The 
switches  and  fusee  should  preferably  be  mounted  on  a  board.  On 
the  same  board  should  be  mounted  a  main  doubk-pole  switch, 
so  connected  that  it  can  be  used  to  cut  ofif  entirely  the  supply  of 
the  cooker,  sub-switthes  and  fuses.  A  pilot  lamp  should  also  be 
mounted  on  this  board,  unless  one  is  fitted  on  the  stove  itself.  The 
pilot  lamp  should  be  separately  fused. 

The  wires  between  the  cooker  and  the  switchbosrd  should  be 
enclosed  in  fl'zible  metallic  tubing,  and  the  whole  of  the  metal 
portion  of  the  apparatus,  apart  from  the  electrical  circuits, 
efficiently  earthed. 

Where  a  cooker  is  supplied  from  a  circuit  of  which  one  pr>le  is 
maintained  at  earth  potential,  if  plug  connections  are  used  for  all 
or  any  of  the  various  circuits,  the  pins  of  the  plugs  should  be  of 
different  diameters  or  some  other  device  used  to  prevent  change  of 
polarity,  otherwise  single-pole  sub-fuses  will  afiFord  no  protection. 

With  a  hot  plate  the  heat  is  transmitted  to  the  containing  vessel 
entirely  by  reason  of  the  conductivity  of  the  materials  employed. 
Unless,  therefore,  the  bottom  of  the  utensil  bears  evenly  through- 
out the  whole  of  its  area  on  the  surface  of  the  hot  plate,  points  of 
excessive  local  heating  occur  at  the  placfs  where  the  vessel  touches 
the  plate.  If  water  is  being  heated,  a  rapid  convective  action  takes 
place  at  these  pwints,  and  the  heat  units  are  thereby  distributed 
throughout  the  whole  of  the  liquid.  In  the  case  of  milk,  gravies 
and  similar  thick  liquids,  however,  the  convective  action  is  so  slow 
that  the  heat  cmnot  be  transmitted  from  the  bottom  of  the  vessel 
sufficiently  rapidly  to  prevent  an  excessive  rise  in  temperature,  with 
the  result  that  burning  takes  place.  These  facts  should  be  borne 
in  mind  when  choosing  Hten>il8  for  use  on  hot  platei*. 

The  best  results  are  obtainable  with  stifliv  constructed  vessels, 
such  as  those  made  of  cast-iron  or  cast  aluminium,  havirg  machine- 
ground  or  turned  bottcm  surfaces  of  fair  Ihiihness.  Excellent 
contact  is  made  by  such  vessels  with  the  turned  surface  of  the  hot- 
plate, which  contact,  owing  to  the  vessels'  rigid  construct icn,  is 
not  broken  by  buckling.  In  addition  to  this,  due  to  the  thickness 
of  the  metal  in  the  base  of  the  utensil,  the  heat,  even  if  absorbed 
unequally  over  its  under-surface,  is  equalised  by  the  rapid  conduc- 
tion which  takes  place  in  the  metal  itself  before  reaching  the 
surface  exposed  to  the  liquid.  Not  only  does  the  use  of  such 
utensils  tend  to  prevent  the  burning  of  food,  but  the  heating  is 
more  rapid,  and,  therefore,  more  efiBcient. 

Enamelled  iron  utensils  have  been  found  very  unsuitable  for  use 
with  hot-platea. 

Mb.  T.  HAbdisg  Chubtox  said  he  thought  that  if  Mr.  Roles 
had  been  in  America  recently,  he  would  have  felt  that  the  United 
Kingdom  was  a  long  way  behind.  As  to  the  use  of  radiators  at  Id. 
per  unit,  he  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  fo  heat  a  room  of  any 
considerable  dimensions  was  rather  an  expensive  matter.  In  small 
rooms,  such  as  dressing  rooms  and  the  like,  a  radiator  was  very 
nice  indeed.  He  found  the  cost  of  a  coal  fire  was  Jd.  an  hour, 
whilst  that  of  the  radiator  was  Id.  per  hour,  and  the  coai  fire  did 
very  much  better  Kervice.  It  would  require  half  a  dczen  rtdiators 
to  make  much  difference  to  the  temperature  of  an  ordinaiy  living 
room.  However,  they  were  handy  for  supplying  warmth  to  the 
individual,  as  they  could  be  moved  about  the  re  cm  lor  that 
purpose. 

Mb.  W.  B.  Woodhocse  said  he  thcught  the  great  advantage  of 
electric  cooking  waa  the  convenience  of  it.  F/om  Mr,  Roles's  paper 
he  worked  it  out  that  to  treat  a  house  rated  at  £60  would  involve 
a  heating  bill  of  something  like  £80.  He  considered  that  Mr. 
Roles  made  out  a  very  strorg  case  against  the  Marylebone  or 
Telephone  Tariff,  because  where  there  waa  a  ping  by  which  the 
cDstC'mer  (x>uld  ccnncct  anything  he  liked,  it  wi  uld  be  extremely 
difijc-nlt  to  apply  accurately  such  a  tariff.  He  thought  Mr.  Roles 
was  claiming  te>o  much  in  sajing  that  he  was  supplying  current 
for  domestic  cK>oking  and  heating  at  a  id.  per  unit.  There  was  the 
rateable  value  charge  to  take  into  account.  Cooking  would  give 
them  a  Sunday  load,  and  that  might  become  a  very  important  thing. 
He  thought  the  te-ndency  to  copy  the  form  of  the  gas  stoves  was 
wrong.  Far  better  would  it  be  for  the  makers  to  develop  a  stove 
which  was  absolutely  right  in  type  for  electrical  ufe,  and  then  to 
persnade  the  public  that,  though  different  from  the  gas  stove,  it 
was  better  than  it. 

Mb.  a.  B.  Moi  .nt.\in  said  many  years  ago  he  persuaded  the 
Hnddersfield  Corporation  to  spend  a  good  many  hundreds  of  pounds 
in  establishing  a  ahowroom  and  buying  fittings  for  hiring,  and  so 
far  M  cooking  was  concerned  it  waa  a  great  failure.    The  great 


difficulty  was  the  lady  problem.  The  wealthy  ladies  left  the 
matter  to  the  servants  ;  what  he  might  call  the  economical  genteel 
class  cK)uld  not  afford  the  appliances,  and  the  working  class  at  once 
raised  the  question  of  how  to  boU  water.  His  experience  of  radia- 
tors agreed  with  Mr.  Chnrton's. 

Mb.  H.  Vesokb  said  he  did  not  think  any  reasonable  man  would 
suggest  heating  a  house  with  radiators  under  present  conditions  of 
price  of  energy,  though  the  radiators  might  be  a  most  excellent 
thing  for  old  people  and  babies  going  to  bed  and  getting  up  in  the 
morning.  There  was  no  comparison  between  heating  an  ordinary 
sized  rotan  with  radiators  and  with  anthracite  coal.  As  to  cooking, 
he  thought  there  was  distinctly  a  field  for  it.  The  enormous 
advantage  of  cleanliness  was  most  obvious.  A  single  unit  "  Tricity  "' 
cooker  was  most  useful  and  economical  for  cooking  odd  things  in 
CMise  of  sicknes.s  and  so  forth. 

Dr.  R.  Pohl  said  he  had  seen  German  figures  which  led  him  to 
the  conclusion  that  Jd.  per  unit  for  electric  current  and  2s.  5d.  per 
1,000  cb.  ft.  for  gas,  amounted  to  exactly  equal  cost  for  cooking. 
These  figures,  however,  related  to  individually  heated  vessels,  and 
he  believed  that  the  efficiency  of  these  was  80  or  ".tO  percent., 
whereas  the  effic  iency  of  the  stoves  which  were  so  largely  used  now 
would  not  be  more  than  60  per  cent.,  and,  therefore,  would  be  about 
40  per  cent,  more  expensive  in  working  than  the  individually  heated 
vessels.  In  regard  to  the  load  factor  point  of  view,  he  thiught 
that  Mr.  Roles  had  rather  under-estimated  the  importance  of  the 
fact  that  cx)oking  went  on  in  summer  as  well  as  winter,  whereas 
heating  was  in  winter  only. 

Mb.  W.  Lang  thought  that  Mr.  Roles  might  well  have  dealt 
with  the  claims  which  were  made  as  to  the  saving  in  weight  of 
food  by  the  electric  cooking,  and  also  the  bttter  flavour,  the  absence 
of  loss  of  iuices.  and  the  increased  pleasure  of  eating  the  food.  A 
difficulty  which  operated  against  the  manufacture  of  ovens  was 
that  the  disks  for  heating  the  vessels  had  to  be  made  of  very  light 
castings,  and  in  use  they  were  liable  to  buckle,  and  so  the  uniformity 
of  surface  for  the  vessels  to  rest  upon  was  spoiled,  and  when 
the  pots  and  pans  were  resting  upon  two  or  three  points  only,  the 
advantage  of  the  heat  was  largely  lost.  As  to  heating,  he  thought 
that  by  a  very  simple  arrangement  the  fresh  air  admitted  into  a 
room  by  a  wall  ventilator  could  be  heated  by  means  of  a  small 
electric  heater  fitted  into  the  wall. 

Mb.  Ai.bebt  Innhs,  speaking  upon  the  subject  from  the  con- 
tractor's point  of  view,  referred  particularly  to  difficulties  in 
educating  the  customers.  There  was  great  difficulty  in  persuading 
ladies  that  convectors  were  better  than  radiators  for  heating  rooms. 

Mb.  E.  C.  Wai.i.is  testified  to  the  great  usefulness  of  radiators  in 
ca^e  of  illness. 

Mb.  Hawk,  of  York,  said  he  had  been  very  gratified  at  the 
fewness  of  the  cases  in  which  electric  cookers  had  been  returned. 
He  thought  the  public  liked  the  cxokers  very  much  indeed,  and  at 
York  tie  authorities  were  only  waiting  to  see  whether  the  popular 
fave.ur  was  permanent  before  going  into  the  provision  of  more 
(x>okers.  There  were  difficulties  sometimes — as,  for  instance,  when, 
as  he  remembered  in  one  ciase,  (X)oking  was  attempted  on  a  small 
"Tricity  "  cooker  for  a  family  of  12,  who  had  hot  lunch  every 
day,  an<i  hot  dinners  most  evenings — in  hitting  upon  the  right  size 
and  style  of  apparatus.  Obviously  the  possibilities  of  electrical 
heating  were  limited,  but  he  knew  of  a  rase  in  which  a  church  at 
York  was  heated  solely  by  electricity,  and  though  it  was  a  very  old 
and  damp  chnrch  the  results  were  satisfactory.  It  was  done  by 
double  tiers  of  tubes  about  four  inches  in  diameter,  and  six  tubes 
high  running  right  round  the  building.  He  believed  the  coat  was 
about  6s.  or  7s.  per  Sunday,  and  the  people  concerned  seemed  to 
think  that  it  was  wort  h  the  money.  Though  he  had  started  with  the 
greatest  doubt  about  electric  cooking,  he  now  thought  it  had  come 
to  stay. 

Mb.  Campion,  of  Dewsbury,  said  it  was  a  very  good  thing  that 
the  makers  were  now  prepared  to  enter  Into  contracts  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  elementi  of  the  ovens. 

Mb.  Roles,  in  his  reply,  said  that,  notwithstanding  Mr.  Chnrton's 
observations,  all  the  information  that  he  had  been  able  to  gather 
suggested  that  the  Americans  were  not  up  to  the  standard  of  this 
country  in  regard  to  cooking  and  ovens.  He  had  not  advised  any- 
one to  attempt  to  heat  a  house  all  through  by  eleertricity.  If  people 
began  to  do  that,  he  would  have  to  start  another  works.  One 
advantage  of  the  electric  cooker  was  that  it  was  safer  than  the 
gas  cookers,  with  which  many  acscidents  happened.  In  Bradford  the 
people  who  were  chietly  taking  an  interest  in  electric  cooking, 
were  people  living  in  houses  rated  at  from  £20  to  £1^5  a  year, 
who  had  little  domestic  help  and  wanted  apparatus  that  they  could 
use  with  safety  and  cleanliness  themselves,  the  lady  doing  the 
cooking  whilst  the  one  servant  did  the  rougher  work,  and  for  these 
people  the  electric  cooker  was  very  much  better  than  the  gas  stove. 
With  regard  to  saving  in  weight  of  meat,  results  obtained  by  him- 
self showed  very  material  advantages  in  favour  of  electric 
cooking. 

The  subject  was  further  discussed  at  Sheffield,  on  March  2t)th. 

Mb.  Kino  said  tha^.  he  desired  to  consider  the  matter  of  elec- 
trical heating  and  cooking  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  man  in 
residence,  for  with  such  an  individual  practically  the  only  question 
was  that  of  cost.  For  the  purposes  of  comparison  he  took  a  nine- 
roomed  hnuse,  containing  an  average  family  of  five  grown-up 
people  in  Sheffield.  Such  a  family  would  spend  ab(  ut  £IS  per 
annum  on  electricity  for  lighting,  gas  for  boiling  water  and  cook- 
ing purposes  at  only  Is.  3d.  per  thousand,  and  £8  2s.  for  coal  for  heat- 
ing for  the  year.  In  the  case  of  greater  uee  of  electricity  for  a 
house  and  family  of  the  same  size,  he  estimated  that  for  lighting, 
heating  and  cooking  purposes  they  would  require  .I  271  uriits  per 
annum  in  total,  and.  working  this  out  on  Mr.  Roles's  basis  of  15  per 
cent,  on  the  rateable  value  and  Jd.  per  unit,  the  cost  would  come 
t9  £17  16s.  Od.    There  was  thus  a  difference  of  between  £4  and  £6, 


Vol.72.    No.  l.Hiri,  April  I,  I'JIM.] 


TIIK    la.KCTRTCAL    liKVIKW. 


581 


and  ill  ordor  to  imiko  it  worlli  a  pornoiiH  wliiUi  lo  ),'()  in  for  oloctriu 
oookin);  an<]  hoatint;  Ihoy  wotil<l  huvo  to  navo  tlio  amount  of  tho 
dill'onincc.  .Soino  Naviiitr  would  he  niado  in  diH|)<mHiii(f  with  a 
oortuin  nniount  of  lalmur  in  houHC  cloaninir  and  md  on.  In  rci^ard 
to  the  mattor  of  diversity  factor  tlioy  would  all  probably  have 
notiond  for  tlioniHclvoH  that  jierHonH  wont  to  work  at  diiroronl  tinioi 
in  tho  inornin>r,  and  therefore  they  iv'ho  had  their  breakfaHtH  at 
difTc^rent  hourM.  It  waH  abKolutely  neooHHary  to  have  red  heat  for 
tfrillins'  and  to  have  black  heat  for  bakin(r. 

Mil.  K.  J.  Maush  said  that  electrical  eookinif  and  heatini; 
offered  a  great  field  for  electrical  enpinecr.i.  In  the  pa«t  tho  trouble 
had  been  that  li^'htly  built  niaterialH  had  licen  uued,  and  tho 
dewiirns  noon  bocanio  olisolote. 

Tho  (JliAliiMAN  (Mr.  WilHoii  Hartnell)  said  that  years  aifo  ho  had 
made  experiments  with  a  jras  oven  in  order  to  And  how  little  (trh 
was  beinjr  used,  but  in  actual  use  the  conHumption  of  eras  was 
doubled  and  even  trebled.  The  same  thinif  applied  to  electric 
installations.     In  both  caees  it  was  due  to  carelossnesa  in  use. 

Mk.  Buunand  said  that  it  was  pretty  well  reoojfnised  that  they 
had  to  have  a  fixed  obarg'e  and  a  charge  oooordini;  to  the  amount 
of  current  used,  and  the  only  point  at  which  that  system  failed  was 
when  the  diversity  factor  was  altered.  The  ideal  tarifif  was  one  where 
there  was  a  fixed  charge  and  a  charge  per  unit  at  a  low  rate,  ond 
also  an  increased  rate  at  a  time  of  maximum  load  at  the  station, 
and  it  was  possible  with  this  system  to  make  one  charge  for 
current  for  heating  and  lighting  or  anything  else,  and  yet  get  a 
fair  revenue. 

Mr.  Roi.ks,  in  reply  to  the  discussion,  agreed  with  the  estimates 
whijh  had  been  made  by  Mr.  King.  He  alwayi  found  that,  after 
persons  had  commenced  using  an  electrical  installation  for  heating 
and  cooking,  they  continued  with  it,  and  in  cases  of  illness  in  the 
houpe,  the  occupiers  when  they  had  once  tried  an  electric  radiator, 
would,  under  no  consideration,  use  a  gas  stove  and  run  the  risk  of 
leaving  the  gas  turned  on  and  getting  asphyxiated.  At  the  present 
time  he  thought  the  manufacturers  were  getting  down  to  a  standard 
type  of  oven,  and  this,  together  with  the  experience  of  users,  showed 
that  the  new  ovens  would  not  become  obsolete  in  the  course  of  a  year  o\; 
two,  as  they  had  done  previously.  The  prices  for  ovens  were  dropping, 
and  a  satisfactory  one  could  now  be  obtained  for  £10  or  £11  ;  there 
did  not  seem  to  be  any  reason  for  doubting  that  the  prices  would  drop 
still  further.  At  the  present  time  he  was  very  anxious  to  get  a  two- 
rate  system  for  shops  and  smaller  consumers.  He  was  not 
altogether  satisfied  with  the  rateable- value  system  for  shops,  and 
yet,  at  the  same  time,  he  could  not  at  present  find  another  system 
that  would  suit  his  purpose. 


(/')  .SiMi|j|ii;ily  of  nwil.<;hin/  opffrationii,  and  [-/luiibility  of  dmpMU- 
ing  with  lamjilighterH, 

((')  l''lnxil)ility  anil   eaMu  of  erection. 

(tl)  I, amps  not  atfwted  by  vibration  whnn  HUJipmided  from  traotion 
polen. 

(«■)  I'o.fHibility  of  reliable  chuck  on  running coiitaO'  <•.,  current  oon- 
numption  and  cirtwinH). 

(./')   Negligible   leakage. 

((/)  Ab.«)n(!e  of  globe  breakagon  duo  In  hetitinir.  V';. 

All  tho  aliove  advantages  are  abwmt  in  the  cum  of  the  high- 
prcH«urogaH  sys'im.an-l  in  contrant  may  be  mrntionorl  the  dinadvan- 
tages  incidental  to  its  une  :   - 

(>i)  tlxtenfivo  and  highly  dangerous  leakage  of  hiKh-pre«iiure 
gas. 

(./')  The  detrimental  effect  of  a  foggy  or  heavily  nmoke-lsden 
atmosphere  on  the  mantles,  resulting  in  a  serious  diminntion  of 
candle-power  just  at  a  time  when  it  is  most  rc<|uired. 

(r)  Partial  and  occasionally  complete  failure  in  frosty  weather. 

Portland  Street  is  a  most  nnsatisfactory  street  to  illumiiukt^, 
owing  to  the  nature  of  the  buildings  and  the  absence  of  any  appre- 
ciable amount  of  reflection  ;  nevertheless,  the  present  lighting  is 


TTT^o 


Fig.  .5. — Curves  showing  the  results  of  the  photometric  testa  on 
the  Portland  Street  5.")0-watt  lamps,  fitted  with  the  latest  type 
of  outer  globe  having  a  graded  frosting.  Full-line  curves 
represent  illumination  on  a  horizontal  plane  3  ft.  S  in.  above 
the  ground  level  ;  dotted  curves,  the  illumination  on  a  vertical 
plane  ;  chain  curves,  the  illumination  on  the  ground.  The 
elimination  of  the  shadows  under  the  lamps  should  be  noted, 


Recent  Developments  in  the  Street  Llghtiog  of  Manchester. 

By  S.  L.  Pearce,  M.I.E.E.,  and  H.  A.  Ratci.iff,  M.I.B.E. 

(Abstract    of  paper  rend    hefore    the   INSTITUTION  OK   ELECTRICAL 

Engineers  at  Mamhenter,  February  25fh,  and  London, 

Birminghain  and  Glaxgow.) 


CContimied  from  paqe  498.) 

The  Portland  Street  light  has  a  much  warmer  and  more  cheerful 
effect  than  the  comparatively  cold  light  in  Princess  Street. 

The  curves  (figs.  4  and  5)  show  the  horizontal  and  vertical 
components  of  the  illumination  on  planes  H  ft.  3  in.  above  the 
ground,  and  on  the  ground  level.  Table  III  gives  a  summary 
of  the  actual  results  obtained.  The  figures  in  Table  II  were 
obtained  with  a  luminometer,  and  clearly  show  that,  as  regards 
the  intensity  of  the  illumination  at  a  considerable  distance  from 
the  lamps,  the  flame  arcs  give  better  results  than  the  gas  lamps. 


•n  2 

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DisCdnce     becween     L,imps. 

Fig.  4. — Curves  showing  the  results  of  the  photometric  tests  on  the 
Princess  Street  three  burner  high-pressure  gas  lamps.  Full- 
line  curves  represent  illumination  on  a  horizontal  plane  3  ft.  3  in. 
above  the  ground  level  ;  dotted  curves,  the  illumination  on  a 
vertical  plane  ;  chain  curves,  the  illumination  on  the  ground. 


Purely  from  the  point  of  view  of  illuminating  effect,  there  is  much 
to  be  said  in  favour  of  both  systems  ;  but  the  electric  lighting  system 
possesses  all  the  praotical  advantages,  a  few  of  the  more  important 
of  which  are  :  — 

(ff)  Lower  cost 


probably  as  good  an  example  as  will  be  found  elsewhere  of  uniform 
street  lighting  with  a  high  average  intensity  of  illumination  on  the 
horizontal  plane,  and  a  reasonable  absence  of  glare. 

The  minimum  intensity  of  the  illumination  on  a  horizontal  plane 
3  ft.  3  in.  above  the  ground  is,  with  unimportant  exceptions,  0'.")  ft.- 
candle,  and  the  ratio  of  maximum  to  minimum  illumination  in  the 
centre  of  the  road  is  375.  The  ratio  of  the  maximum  to  the 
minimum  illumination  on  the  horizontal  plane  may  conveniently 
be  referred  to  as  the  "variation  factor." 

When  carefully  analysed  it  will  be  noticed  that  the  experts' 
reports  very  closely  confirm  the  values  of  candle-power  and  illu- 
mination claimed  by  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department  as  a 
result  of  the  tests  made  by  their  own  staff. 

Mr.  Abady  refers  to  the  meaning  of  "illumination"  and  the 
difficulties  incidental  to  its  measurement.  Throughout  this  paper, 
illumination  has  been  regarded  as  the  equivalent  of  impressed 
light  flux  density  multiplied  by  the  cosine  of  the  angle  of 
incidence. 

Apart  from  actual  values,  the  proportionality  of  Mr.  Abady's 
figures  for  the  illumination  of  Portland  Street  and  Princess  Street 
is  in  fairly  complete  agreement  both  with  the  electricity  depart- 
ment's and  Mr.  Harrison's  results  :  and  hia  values  for  the  candle- 
powers  of  the  Princess  Street  lamps  provide  important  confirmation 
not  only  of  the  electricity  department's  tests,  but  also  of  the  fact 
that  the  lamps  were  not  giving  anything  like  the  candle-power 
claimed  by  the  manufacturers. 

This  result  is  both  interesting  and  important,  for  it  has  always 
been  the  experience  of  the  authors  that  gas  lamps  give  substantially 
lower  candle-powers  than  the  values  claimed  by  the  manufacturers. 
This  is  evident  from  the  figures  given  in  Table  I. 

TABLE  I. 


Description  of  lamp. 


Keith  3-burner  high-pressure 
gras 

Keith  2-bumer  high-pressure 
gas 

Keith,  single  -  burner  high- 
pressure  gas 

Welsbach-Kern,    twin- burner 

Suggs  "  Belgravia  ■"  ... 

Lucas  "  Thermopile  " 

Intensified  gas,  Sackville 
Street  


Rated       '  Actual 

oandle-      I     maximum  c  r. 
to8l.  power,       (Average  results.) 


1912 

1912 
1907 
1907 
1907 

1904 


4,500 

3,000 

1,500 
1,200 
1,800 
1,250 

1,000 


2,300 

1,630 

725 

655 

1,025 

765 

625 


In  Appendix  A  is  set  forth  the  method  of  arriving  at  theioost  of 
the  current  under  the  oonditions  that  obtain  in  Portland  Street,     . 


582 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No,  1,848,  APKIL  4,  1918. 


The  totals  for  ''fixed"  and  "runnings"  ooBtg  respectively  are 
arrived  at  in  the  manner  shown. 

The  resnltant  figfures  are  £6*133  per  kilowatt  of  demand  plus 
0'232d.  per  unit  metered.  Applyini;  these  values  as  shown  in 
Appendix  B,  the  costs  of  the  current  for  the  11  o'clock  and  for  the 
aU-ni(rht  lamps  respectively  come  to  0'97d.  and  0'6d.  per  unit. 

Appendix  C  contains  a  statement  of  all  costs  involved  in  li^htio^ 
Portland  Street. 

Appendix  D  is  a  statement  showinf;  the  cost  per  lamp  per  annum 
of  liphtinsr  Princess  Street,  as  piven  by  Mr.  Abady  in  his  report. 

The  following  particulars  of  the  liphtinsr  in  Princess  Street  and 
Portland  Street  are  extracted  from  Mr.  Hadyn  Harrison's  report. 
In  order  to  make  the  figures  strictly  comparable,  the  Portland  Street 
lamps  are  assumed  to  be  all  switched  out  at  1 1  p.m. 


Princees  Street      Portlund  Street 


Candle-power  of  lamps 
Number  of  lamps  to  the  mile 
Kunning  costs  per  lamp  per  hour     ... 
Capital  cost  per  mile  of  street 
Running  cost  per  1,000  c  p.-hours    .. 
Cost  per  annum  per  mile,  equal  - 

illumination  ... 
Minimum  illuminatioo,  basis  of  com 

parison 
Cost  per  mile  of  street  per  annum 
(up   to   11    o'clock)  at  above  illu- 
mination        


bighpressure  gas. 

arcs. 

1.7.50 

2,970 

4!tH4 

43-(i 

l-.5d. 

C'7d. 

£2.B37 

£1,569 

0  857d. 

0'236d. 

*675 

£254 

039  ft.- 

0  5  ft.- 

candle 

candle 

£617 


£3.54 


The  high-pressure  gas  lighting  in  Mosley  Street  is  a  very  poor 
display  compared  with  the  arn  lighting.  It  is  also  a  very  poor 
display  of  high-pressure  gas  lighting.  An  illumination  on  the 
horizontal  plane  .5  ft.  above  the  ground  level  equal  to  0  5  ft.-candle 
is  only  obtained  up  to  a  distance  of  22  ft.  from  the  bases  of  the 
lamp-posts,  and  the  minimum  midway  between  the  posts  is  only 
0'07  ft.-candle,  the  "variation  factor  "  being  as  high  as  43. 

St.  Peter's  Square  ia  distinctly  a  better  example  of  high-pressure 
gas  lighting,  and  compares  favourably  with  the  flame  arc  lighting 
in  Albert  Square.  The  illumination  on  a  horizontal  plane  5  ft. 
above  ground  level  is  maintained  at  a  sufficiently  high  value,  and 
is  equal  to  0'5  ft.-candle  in  all  parts  where  there  ia  any  great  amount 
of  traffic. 

The  .500-watt  lamps  in  Albert  Square  are  fitted  with  slightly 
opalescent  globes,  and  are  mounted  on  poles  at  a  height  of  22  ft.  8  in. 
abnve  the  ground.     The  illumination  is  fairly  uniform. 

The  average  horizontal  illumination  in  Piccadilly  is  well  over 
1  ft.>-candle,  and  in  no  part  where  there  is  any  appreciable  amount 
of  traffic  is  it  less  than  0.5  ft.-candle.  The  roadway  is  lighted  by 
means  of  12  .500  and  four  550-watt  lamps  fitted  with  clear  inner 
and  outer  globes,  and  fixed  on  the  tramway  standards  at  a  height 
of  about  27  ft.  6  in.  above  the  ground.  In  addition,  there  are  also 
10  450- watt  lamps  on  the  esplanade.  These  lamps  have  opalescent 
bawl-shaped  globf^s.  They  are  suspended  from  swan-necked  pole- 
brackets  at  a  height  of  18  ft.  6  in. 

The  reading  tests  and  observations  in  Table  II  refer  to  clear 
weather  ;  there  is  no  question  as  to  the  superior  penetrating  power 
of  the  rays  from  the  arc  lamps  in  foggy  weather. 

TABLE  II. 

Sizes  of  type.  Mazimam  distance  at  which  dintiDctly  readable. 

High-pressure  gas.  Flame  arcs. 

Large  (Pica  Doric)      ...         339  0  ft.  37r5  ft. 

Medium  (Small  Pica)...        26.50  ft.  SIS'O  ft. 

Small  (Brevier)  ...         212'5  ft.  242  0  ft. 

All  figures  are  the  average  of  not  less  than  six  sets  of  observa- 
tions taken  on  different  nights. 

A  very  considerable  amount  of  testing  and  experimental  work 
has  been  undertaken  in  order  to  discover,  if  possible,  the  most 
satisfactory  type  of  outer  and  inner  globe  for  use  under  the  con- 
ditions obtaining  in  Portland  Street,  and  to  comply  with  the 
following  requirements  :  — 

Reasonably  uniform  illumination  ;  absence  of  glare  ;  moderate 
cost  of  globes  ;  light  distribution  not  affected  by  alight  alteration 


In  the  position  of  the  aro  ;  maximum  candle-power  approximately 
between  the  20'  and  25'  rays  below  the  horizontal. 

The  light  distribntion  with  the  original  globes  was  anything;  but 
satisfactory,  and  the  glare  was  very  objectionable. 

The  first  attempt  to  overcome  these  defects  was  by  the  use  of 
opalescent  outer  globes  of  the  same  shape  as  the  clear  globes.  The 
result  was  a  distinct  diminution  of  the  shadows  under  the  lamps, 
and  the  complete  disappearance  of  the  concentric  rlkigs :  but 
unfortunately  the  light  distribution  was  very  considerably  reduced, 
and  the  dark  gaps  midway  between  the  lamps  were  very 
noticeable. 

Various  types  of  dioptric  and  inner  diffusing  globes  were  then 
tried,  but  without  appreciable  success.  This  lack  of  success  was  no 
doubt  due  in  a  great  measure  to  the  position  of  the  arc  and  the 
shape  of  the  original  outer  globes.  It  was  not  until  the  type  of 
outer  globe  now  in  use  had  been  adopted  that  any  headway  was 
made  with  the  various  attempts  to  improve  the  light  distribution 
(see  fig.  3). 

Fig.  6  shows  the  polar  curve  for  the  1 1  -ampere  lamp  fitted  with 
the  clear  inner  and  outer  globes.  This  curve  possesses  many 
excellent  features,  but  can  be  modified  with  considerable  advan- 
tage. For  street-lighting  work,  the  upper  portion  of  the  curve 
between  1.5°  and  25°  from  the  horizontal  is  of  most  bnportance. 


Fig.  6. — Polar  curve  for  550-watt  flame  arc  lamp  as  used  in  Port- 
land Street.  The  dotted  portion  shows  the  effect  of  the 
original  experimental  obscuration.  Tested  with  ''  old  type  " 
carbons. 


but  the  portion  between  the  40°  and  66°  rays  could  be  reduced  with 
advantage.  The  absence  of  appreciable  candle-power  between  80° 
and  90°  is  a  result  of  the  rather  pronounced  shadows  cast  by  the 
ash-trays. 

The  first  attempt  to  reduce  the  distribution  of  light  between  the 
40°  and  65°  rays,  and  at  the  same  time  to  improve  the  distribution 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  20°  below  the  horizontal,  was  by  the  use 
of  dioptric  globes.    The  results  were  not  entirely  successful. 

These  tests  seem  to  demonstrate  very  clearly  a  rather  objection- 
able feature  of  dioptric  globes,  namely,  the  strongly  defined 
optical  centre,  in  consequence  of  which  the  light  distribution  is 
very  considerably  distorted  if  there  is  any  appreciable  change  in 
the  arc  position. 

It  is  very  probable  that  the  open  lower  end  of  the  dioptric  globe 
is  largely  responsible  for  the  very  marked  dip  in  the  polar  curve. 

Attempts  were  made  to  modify  the  shape  of  the  polar  curve 
by  suitable  obscuration  of  the  outer  globes,  and  it  was  owing 
to  the  success  of  the  early  attempts  that  further  investigations 
weie  conducted  upon  these  lines.     The  necessary  obscuration  was 


TABLE    in. 


j 

Illuminations  on  h  riz 

nial  plane 

Variatinn  (artnr. 

■Where  situated. 

Height 
above 

groocd 
level. 

m  foot-canolps 

Height  of 

measuring 

plane. 

Centre  o 
road. 

Ueecription  of  lamp. 

candle- 
power. 
Average 

lUbUltH. 

Maximum 
at  centre 
of  road. 

Minim 

Centra  of 
road. 

um  at 

Building- 
line. 

Maximum. 

650-watt    flame     arcs,    original 

globes.  Outer  globe  opalescent 

Portland  Street 

27  ft.  6  in. 

2,260 

314 

0370 

0-280 

5  ft. 

8-60 

11-20 

550-watt  flame  arcs.     New  type 

1 

inner  and  outer  globes.     Final 
graded  frosting 

y  Portland  Street 

27  ft.  6  in. 

3,560 

f  2-50 
I  2-00 

0670 
0670 

0-500 
0500 

3  ft.  3  in. 
Gr'nd  level 

3-75 
300 

500 
4-00 

550-watt  flame  arcs.    Clear  inner 

and  outer  globes         

Piccadilly 

25  ft.  6  in. 

3,580 

.5-95 

0-760 

0-500 

5  ft. 

7-85 

11  90 

Keith      3-bumer     high-pressure 

gas       

Princess  Street 

26  ft.  6  in. 

2,300 

2-23 

0-676 

0-400 

3  ft.  3  in. 

3-88 

6-68 

Keith   single-burner,   high-pres- 

gBJB         

St.  Peter's  Square 

17  ft. 

725 

♦2-45 

0-180 

0-120 

6  ft 

136 

20-4 

*  These  valnes  are  the  maxima  obtained  approximately  6  ft.  from  the  posts  and  not  at  centre  of  road. 


Vol.  71    No.  l,«4ff,  April  *,  1918.1 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


C88 


ftt  first  obtained  by  the  application  of  Whltenlnir  on  the  Inside  of 
the  lower  portion  of  the  outer  Klobc. 

Globes  obscured  in  thie  manner  have  actually  bPen  in  Uie  In 
Portland  Street  for  over  six  months,  and  no  doubt  the  slight  differ* 
ence  between  the  test  renults  obtained  by  the  Corporation's  owft 
staff  and  the  indciK'niicnt  npurts  are  traoeablo  to  the  variable 
hature  of  this  obHcuration,  and  aho  to  chanites  in  the  type  of 
barlxinB  used. 


Fio.  7.— Polar  curve  for  650-watt  lamp  with  dioptric  inner  plobe 
and  clear  outer  globe  with  dense  frosting  up  to  48'  above 
horizontal. 


Fig.  8. — Polar  curve  for  550-watt  lamp  with  dioptric  inner  globe 
and  clear  outer  globe  with  graded  frosting  tapering  off  to  40° 
above  horizontal. 


Fig.  9.  —Polar  curve  for  550-watt  lamp,  fitted  with  clear  inner  and 
outer  globes,  as  shown  in  fig.  3  (full  lines),  and  having  a  graded 
frosting  on  the  lower  portion  of  the  outer  globe.  The  frosting 
is  densest  at  the  bottom  of  the  globe,  and  disappears  at  an  angle 
of  about  40*  below  the  horizontal. 


JOO 

^^i 

UM 

1. 000 

qYV\/\^<f  y 

'^/"^^     / 

I.SOO 

\\\\y\ 

^^/          /    ^"720° 

2.000 

--Y\VO 

\/r' 

J' 


Fio.  10.— Polar  curves  for    Keith   high-pressure  gas   lamps,    (a) 
Single-burner  ;  (J)  twin-burner  ;  (c)  three-burner. 

Attempts  were  then  made  to  obtain  from  the  globe  makers  suit- 
ably obscured  globes,  but  the  greatest  difficulty  was  experienced  in 
obtaining  exactly  what  was  required.  No  manufacturer  would 
undertake  to  give  a  graded  effect,  at  any  rate  on  a  diffracting  globe, 
although  a  flashed  opalescent  globe  with  a  graded  effect  on  the 
lower  portion  wae  eventually  obtained. 

The  experimental  etching  of  globes  was  therefore  undertaken. 
The  globes  were  clamped  on  to  a  special  lead  stand  and  filled  to  the 
desired  height  with  the  etching  acid.  The  grading  effect  was  then 
obtained  by  allowing  the  acid  to  run  out  of  the  globe  through  an 
adjustable  orifice  in  the  lead  stand,  and  any  desired  degree  of  frost- 
ing could  be  obtained  by  regulating  the  rate  of  flow. 

Figs.  7  and  8  show  polar  curves  obtained  with  different  com- 
binations of  gloloes,  and  it  ia  obvious  that  they  are  very  suitable  for 
giving  a  fairly  uniform  illumination  on  a  horizontal  plane. 
'',f^  (^  be  concluded.') 


POREION    AND    COLONIAL    TARIPPB    ON 
ELECTRICAL    GOODS. 

AUKKtlMB.ITfl, 

NOUTinillV  nilOnERlA.-The  Board  of  Tra/ic  ha«  Iwncd  i 
copy  of  a  new  Customs  tariff  of  .Northern  Khodeaia.  The  new 
tariff  divides  the  country  into  two  umet :  the  /.ambeei  banin  and 
the  Congo  basin,  and  deals  with  these  zone*  separately.  The 
"general"  rates  of  duty  in  the  /ambeai  are  practically  identical 
with  those  in  the  South  African  Customs  U'nlon,  but  the  pre- 
ferential rates  of  duty  leviable  on  Uritish  goods  are  in  some  cutea 
lower.  In  the  case  of  the  Congo  basin  no  provi^ion  is  made  for  the 
preferential  treatment  of  British  goods.  In  any  caee  electrical 
plant  and  machinery,  and  tramway  material,  are  duty  free. 

The  oertificates  of  origin  necessary  in  order  to  obtain  entrance 
for  British  goods  under  the  lower  preferential  rates  are  the  rame  aa 
those  already  in  force  for  the  South  African  Customs  Union. 

The  new  tariff  has  effect  from  February  tst  labt. 

SIAM.—The  Jlnar,!  of  Trad,'  Jmiiiinl  reports  that  the  Director- 
General  of  Customs  and  Excise  at  Bangkok  has  issned  a  notice  lay- 
ing down  regulations  with  regard  to  the  entry  of  goods  for  impor- 
tation and  exportation  ;  the  regulations  were  to  come  into  force  on 
Tuesday  last,  and  are  as  follows  ; — 

1.  The  entries  must  be  made  in  the  form  prescribed  by  t&e 
Department. 

2.  The  goods  must  be  denominated  in  strict  accordance  with  the 
classification  shown  in  the  official  Import  and  Export  List. 

3.  Particulars  of  quantity  and  value  must  be  fumishe<l  for  each 
separate  kind  or  class  of  goods,  and  quantities  must  be  given  in  the 
terms  of  the  Import  and  Export  List. 

4.  The  country  from  which  the  goods  are  consigned,  in  the  CEise 
of  imports,  and  the  country  to  which  they  are  consigned,  in  the 
case  of  exports,  must  be  declared  for  each  separate  kind  or  class. 

The  Department,  it  is  stated,  will  not  accept  entries  which  are 
not  in  accordance  with  these  regulations,  which  have  been  framed 
with  a  view  to  providing  more  complete  and  accurate  statistical 
information  ;  and  it  is  the  intention  of  the  Siamese  Uovemment  to 
enforce  them  at  all  the  ports  of  Siam, 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913. 


Compiled  expressly  for  this  journal  by  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.. 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holbom,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradlord,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


6,513.  "  Electrical  device  to  enable  several  spindles  to  be  driven 
synchronously  as  required  in  cinema  and  gramophone  shows,  and  in  like 
oases."    W.  J.  SwAiH.    March  17th. 

6,544.  "Apparatus  for  regulating  the  ignition  of  intemalcombus'ion 
engines."  Sir  A.  W.  Rlyssenaers.  (Convention  date,  March  18lb,  1912, 
Germany.)    March  17th.    (Complete.) 

6,651.  "Sockets  and  teiminals  for  electric  leads."  A.  Q.  Bloxam  (firm  of 
R.  Bosch,  Germany).     March  17tb.    (Complete.) 

6,581.    "Electric  incandescent  lampbolders."    8.  W.  Martvn.    March  17lh. 

6.602.  "  Electric  lamps."     W,  E.  Bladon.    March  17th. 

6.603.  "  Device  for  the  improved  stopping  of  pulley  automatic  electric  lifts." 
J.  W.  SuGDEN.    March  nth. 

6.647.  "  Manufacture  of  insulated  windings  or  coils  tor  electricsU  purposes." 
Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Worbs,  Ltd.  (Sitmens  Bchuckertwerke  G.m.b.H., 
Geimany.)    March  18tb.    (Complete.) 

6.648.  "Commutators  for  dynamo-elcctrio  machinery."  Siemens  Bros.. 
DiNAMO  Works,  Ltd.  (Siemens  Bchuckertwerke  G.m.b.U.,  Geiman^.)  Maicb 
ISth.    (Complete.) 

6,664.  "  Circuit  arrangement  for  semi-autcmatic  telephone  systems." 
Siemens  Sl  Halseb  Akt.-Ues.  (Convention  date,  March  19th,  1912,  Germany.) 
March  18th.    (Complete.) 

6,668.     "  Process  and  apparatus  for  the  electrical  tieatment  of  cellulose  and 
other  substances  of  which  it  forms  the  essential  part."   A.  L.  C.  Nodon.     (Con-  ~ 
vention  date,  March  26th,  1912,  France.)    March  IMih.     (Complete.) 

6,673.  "Portable  electric  balteiy  lamps."  A.  ME^zFL  and  B.  Poedis, 
trading  as  United  Electrical  Manofactureis  Co.    March  ISih.    (Complete.) 

6,700.    "  Electric  safety  lamps."     P.  Wolf.    March  18th.    (Ccmplete.) 

6,730.  "Switches  and  other  electrical  apparatus  where  circuit  is  made  and 
broken."    P.  Durkt.    March  19th. 

6  738.    "Electric  lamps."    F.  Wesiwood.    March  19tb. 

6,739.  "  Safety-wired  conduit  for  electrical  installation  in  mines  and  all 
electrical  purposes."    L.J.Roderick.     March  19i1i. 

6,757.    "  Combined  wall  plugs  and  switches."   B.  P.  K.  Walsh.     .March  19th. 

6,764.    "  Electric  lamps."    H.  Rodkjaer.     March  19th. 

6.767.  "Transmitting  »pparatus  for  electric  switches."  Wksteen  Electric 
Co,  Ltd.  (Western  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)  (Divided  application  on 
25,882  of  1912,  November  oih,  1912.)    March  19ih.    (Complete.) 

6.768.  "  Paper-lift  mechanism."  Western  Electric  Co  .  Ltd.  (Westfrn 
Electric  Co.,  United  States.)  (Divided  appLcation  on  25.SS2  of  1912,  November 
6th,  1912.)    March  19th.    (Complete.) 

6  772.    "Distance-operated    mechsnisms     and    s-'gnals    on    electric    supply  ■ 
systems."     H.  W.  Handcock,  .\.  H.  Dykes  »Ld  W.  Diddeli..    (Addition  to 
«.71U  of  1912.)     March  19th.     (Complete.) 

6,776.    "Electric  incandescent  lampbolders."    9.  W.  Martts.     March  19lh. 

6,799.  "Electric  transfcrmtr  airangtmentf."  British  Electric  Trass- 
former  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  R.  Crosbie-Hill.    March  19ih. 

6F0O.  "Electric  clocks."  Coventry  Electric  Clock  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  T. 
RisBioM.    (Addition  to  14,646  of  1911.)    March  19th. 

6  806.  "Electrical  regenerative  motor  control  systems."  Cbomptob  i  Co., 
Ltd.,  and  H.  Bcroe.    March  19th.    (Complete.) 

6  807.    "  Electrical  distribution  systems."     British  Thomson-Hovston  Co.,  •' 
Ltd.,  and  E.  B.  Wedmore.    (Divided  application  on  2S,S6S.ll,  July  2ind,  19U.) 
March  19th.    (Complete.) 

6,817.    "  Electric  cables."    A  T,  Mihza.    Match  19th, 


634 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


fVoL  72.    No.  1,846,  Apbil'4,  1913. 


6,634,    "  Reveniblt  doable  electric  fuse."    W.  Pattebso!!.    M&rcb  20tb. 

6,873.  "Electrical  iwltcbes."  Bkitisii  L.M.  Ericsson  MmcrACiCBiico  Co,, 
Ltd..  and  A.  Q.  Ro«uu,    March  SOth.    (Complete.) 

6.876.  "Incandescent  electric  lamps."  Q.  E,  OoblM  and  A.  A,  QoDiil, 
March  90th. 

6,880.  "  Fases  (or  electric  elreolts."  SiEMENs-BcsrcKEBTWERSS  Q.m.b.H. 
(ConTentlon  date,  March  31st,  1B13,  Qermany.)    March  aoth.    (Complete.) 

6,891.  "Synchronous  djnamo-electrlc  machines,"  E,  RosEMBina,  March 
90Ui. 

6,897.  "  Process  and  apparatus  for  tbe  production  o(  capper  by  electro- 
lysis." M.  P.  Llotd.  (Conrention  date,  March  2-ind,  1912,  France.)  March 
aoth.     (Complete.) 

6.900.  "Means  (or protecting  direct-current  working  electrical  instruments 
from  being  operated  by  extraneous  or  unauthorised  currents  which  may  reach 
the  line  to  the  instruments  by  accident  or  design  and  a  relay  for  the  same  and 
like  purposes."     R.  Dorheb.     March  20th. 

6.901.  "  Electric  candle  flttings."    F.  HoDoson.    March  30th. 

6.902.  "  Microphones  especially  applicable  tn  wireless  telephony."  G.  E, 
Hxn.,  E.  Sahoeb-Subpherd  and  T.  T.  Bakbe.     March  30tb. 

6.911.  "Process  (or  manufacturing  articles  or  objects  of  tungsten." 
O.  VoioTLAHDER.  (Convention  date,  March  23rd,  1912,  Germany.)  March  20ih, 
(Oomplete.) 

6.933.  "  Dynamo-electric  machines."  British  Tmomsom-Houston  Co.,  Ltd., 
F.  R.  CLoroH  and  L.  Di-kker.    March  20th. 

6.934.  "Electric  clock  control."  ALt.iiEMEiNE-Ei.EKTRiciTATs-QES.  (Con- 
vention date,  March  22nd,  1912,  Germany.)    March  20th.    (Complete.) 

6.936.  "Circuit  arrangements  for  rogistering  Bubecribers'  calls  in  semi- 
aatomatic  telephone  installations."  Siemens  A  Halskk  Akt.-Oes.  (ConTen- 
tlon date,  March  2l8t,  1912,  Qermany  )    March  20th.    (Complete  ) 

6,960.  "Electric  dry  batteries."  8.  Stkrn.  (C.  Hubert,  United  States.) 
March  aOth. 

6.952.  "  Electric  furnaces  for  treating  metallic  filaments."  Q.  Ll-deckk 
and  Bbimsdown  Lamp  Works,  Ltd.    March  20th.     (Complete.) 


6,96s.     "  Arc  lamp  globes."    6.  L.  Pearce  and  A.  Wilkinson.    March  22nd. 
6,962.      "  Sealing  means   for    boxes  containing    electric    point    controllers, 
switches,  and  the  like."    S.  T.  Qolluam.    March  22nd. 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 


Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  285,  High  Holborn,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradfcrd  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1911. 


Stabtino  and  Speed  Contbot.  Gear  for  Use  with  Electric  Motors,    G.  V.'. 
Mascord.    iK,864.    November  30th. 


1912. 

Electbicaixt-operated  Telphees  anb  TfiArKs  TBFREFOB.  StrachaH  and 
Btrach&n  &  Henshaw,  Lid.  190.  January  2od.  (Ccgnate  application, 
No.  15,831  Of  1912.) 

AcioMATic  AND  Semi-actomatic  TELEPHONE  CiRcciTS.  Sitmens  Bros,  lit  Co. 
(Siemens  &  Halske  Akt.Ges  )    2,320.    January  29lh. 

Electrical  Condensers.  British  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.,  and 
E.  A.  Bayles.    2,701.     February  2nd. 

Portable  Electric  Battery  Lajips.    H.  F.  Joel.    5,170.    March  1st. 

Thkbmostats.    H.  H.  Grundy.    6,311.    March  2nd, 

MsTAL  Vapocb  Alternatingccrrent    REcririEBs  AND    Similar    Appabatdb. 

Hartmann  &  Braun  Aki.<Ge>.    6.345.     Mirch  2Dd.    (March  2nd,  1911.) 
Metal  VAPora  Altebnating-ocbrent    Rectifikp.s    and  Similar  Apparatus. 

Bartuiann  &  Braun  Akt.-Ges.    6,415.    March  4th.     (March  Ind,  1911.) 

Bt^ppoRTS  for  Lamps.    E.  I.  Parkes.    5,887.    March  8th. 

Electrical  Sionallibo  Apparatus.  L.  M.  Potts.  6,050.  March  11th  (No- 
vember I8th,  1911.) 

Holders  fob  Euctbic  Lamps,  Electric  Switches,  Ceojno  Roses,  PLros  and 
THE  Like.    A.  R.  Muiler.    6,395.    March  14tb. 

Electrostatic  Separating  Devices  for  Sortino  Heterogeneocs  Materials, 
more  especially  Minerals,  Metallic  and  Others,  Sclphor,  Phispihtes 
OF  Lime  AND  Like  Materials.    A.  M.  F.  Blanchaid.    6,772.    March  19ih. 

pBOCESs  fob  the  Manufactire  of  Incandescent  Electric  Lamp  Filam'  nts. 
R.  Jahoda  and  Elektrische  UlublampenFabrik  "Watt"  Bchaid  Loti  and 
Latzko.    7,977.    April  iai.    (September  SOth,  1911.) 

TzLZPHONES.    C.  F.  Killar  and  J.  C.  Grove.    9,714.    April  21th. 

OSCtLLATION-OAfS     oa     DlSCBAROEBS     FOB     UsE      IN      RaDIOTKLEOBAPHT,    RatJO- 

TEI.EPHONT    AND  LiKE   PURPOSES.      W.   Torlkata,  E.    Yokovama    and    M 
Kitamura.     10,823.    May  7ih. 

Telegraph  Systems.    E.  Pope.    11,604.    May  16th. 

APPARATUS    FOR    THE     ELECTROLYSIS    OF     ALKALI     CULOPIDKS.        J.     V.     JohnSOU 

(Badische  Anilin  and  Soda  Fabrik.)    16,779.    July  18th. 
Ikstrcments    foe    Mkasubino  or    Contboilino    THE    FBEgiTBNc;    OR    Wave 
Length  of  Alternating  Cl'Bbents,  or  for  Indicating  Speed.    G.  Beibt. 
16,871.    July  19th. 

Electrical  Gknebating  Set.    J.  A.  Rey.     18,025.    August  3rd. 

Metal  Vapour   Altebnatinq-ccbeent   RECTiFiERa    and    Similar    Appabatis. 

Hartmann  A  Braon   Akt.Ges.      18,6n3.      Augu-t    18th.      (June  6ih,  Isil 

Divided  application  on  No.  6,414  o(  liil2,  March  4th.) 

Tklepbonk  System.    J.  Baumann.    18,677.    August  14th.    (August  14th,  1911.) 

Chbhical  Geneeatobb  OF  ELECTRicmr.    O.  Sozzi.    20,101.    September  :ird. 

Telephonic  Tbanbmiitino  Appliance.  J.  K.  Rhodes.  20,196.  Septtu.ber  4lh. 
(April  6th,  1912.) 

Becsh-boldebs  for  Dynamo-elxctric  Machines.  A.  E.  Beidon.  20  524. 
September  26t)i, 

Metthod  of  Manifactceino  Electric  Incandescent  Lamp  Filaments.    E.  M. 

Bailey  and  H   F.  McDowell.    20,621.    September  lOtb. 
Mo\^BL«    Sleeve    Devices    to    Facilitate    the    Inspection    of    Wires    in 

lULECTBic  Cables.    J.  A.  WUliams.    21,215.    (S  piembor  18th.) 


Electrical  iNCiCATilta  dr  Alarm  XpPAAATTg,    E.  E,  Welkel  and  D.  Weikel, 

21,989,    September  aeth. 
Electric    Cookins    Afparatos,  -    Downe    and    Brompton    and    Kensington 

Accessories  Co.    SS,(86. 
ScppoRis  FOR  Metallic  Filaments  or  Electric  Incandescent  Lamps,    H.  A. 

Gill.    (Wolframlampen  Akt.Ges,)    26,249.     November  LSth. 
Electrical  Switches.    A.Wynne.    2C  517,    November  19th.    (Divided  appll' 

cation  on  No.  13,ld6  of  1912,  June  6th.) 
Telegbaphebb'  Key  Cushion.    H,  A,  Eelty.    S7i079i    November  2&th. 


1913. 

TriUmino  Indicator  »os  Arc  LaMps.    Korting  &  Mathieson  Akt.Ges.    263, 

January  4th.    (July  29th,  191i.) 
Receiver  for  Submarine   Signalling.      Signal   Qes.      2,195.     January  27th. 

(December  18th,  1912.) 


The   Prof^ress   of   the   Allmiiaa   Elektriska   A.B., 

Sweden. — The  report  of  this  company  for  1912  contains,  according 
to  the  AjfarKidrtden,  the  followingr  interesting  statements  about 
the  larger  orders  which  have  been  executed  during^  the  year.  The 
sixth  generator  for  the  TroUha;tan  power  station  has  been  delivered, 
and  Xos.  7  and  8  have  been  taken  in  hand.  With  the  installation 
of  these  machines  the  first  part  of  the  scheme  will  be  completed. 
For  the  Bullerforsen  power  station,  three  generators  of  4,100  kw. 
each  are  under  construction,  and  two  of  2,600  KW.  each  for  the 
Uddeholms  power  station.  The  company  has  also  had  large  orders 
from  abroad,  and  has  now  completed  the  construction  of  the  Elec- 
trical Works  of  Copenhagen,  for  which  have  been  further  delivered 
three  cascade  transformers  of  1,000  KW.  each.  For  the  trans- 
former station  of  the  Union  Eleotrica  Madrilena,  at  Madrid,  have 
been  delivered  generators  with  an  aggregate  capacity  of  20,000  K\\'., 
and  electrical  plant  to  the  power  stations  at  Linares  and  La  Cruz,  in 
Spain,  besides  a  generator  of  4,0U0  kw.  to  Nokia,  in  Finland, 
while  some  larger  installation  orders  have  been  executed  in  various 
places  in  Russia.  From  Norway  the  company  has  received  several 
good  orders,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  a  generator  of 
20,000  KW.,  ordered  by  the  Arendals  Foseekompani,  for  their  new 
electrical  iron  and  steel  works.  Canada  hai  also  been  a  good 
customer  of  the  company  for  larger  machines,  orders  having 
been  received  for  five  electric  motors  of  2,000  h.p.  each,  from  the 
Ontario  Paper  Co.;  from  Eddy  iV:»Co.,  for  three  generators  of 
3,750  KW.  each  ;  and  from  the  Calgary  Power  Co.,  for  two  generators 
of  4,250  KW.  each.  The  company  has,  during  the  year,  completed 
the  construction  of  the  electrical  plant  at  Ljungfors,  consisting  of 
an  electrical  power  station  and  a  smelting  furnace  transformer 
plant.  These  works  have  been  done  for  the  Stockholm  Super- 
phosphate Manufactory,  and  both  plants  have  been  designed  for 
about  17,000  KW.  each. 

Another  large  order  for  transformers  with  a  total  capacity 
of  30,000  KW.  has  been  placed  by  the  Alby  United  Carbide 
Factories,  at  Odda,  in  Norway,  and  from  Arendal  the  com- 
pany has  got  an  order  for  a  smelting  works  plant  of 
3,000  KW.  The  company  has  previously  delivered  the  elec- 
trical machinery  for  the  nitrate  manufactories  at  Svalgfop, 
in  Norway,  and  has  in  lit  12  supplied  generator  No.  .'  of  10,000  H.P. 
for  their  power  station.  The  work  in  connection  with  the  electri- 
fication of  the  raOway  from  KUruna,  in  the  north  of  Sweden,  to  the 
Norwegian  frontier,  has  made  good  progress,  and  the  time  for  its 
completion  is  approaching.  The  same  may  be  said  about  the  elec- 
trification of  the  railway,  Stockholm-Sallsjcibaden,  which  soon  is 
going  to  be  opened  for  general  traflBc.  The  company  has  during 
the  year  made  experiments  with  Diesel-electric  carriages,  which 
have  given  very  satisfactory  results  and  are  very  promising  for  the 
future. 

A  number  of  -10  tramway  carriages  have  been  delivered  to  the 
towns  of  Ilelsingfors,  in  Finland,  Viborg  and  Gothenburg.  Fifteen 
electrical  winches  for  the  Diesel  engine  ship  S-landlu.  which  was 
built  in  the  shipbuilding  yard  of  Burmeister  and  Wain,  of  Copen- 
hagen, were  supplied  by  the  AUmaaa  A-B.  The  results  of  the 
working  of  same  during  the  first  voyage  of  the  ship,  and  afterwards. 
Lave  been  so  satisfactory  that  the  company  has  now  received  orders 
for  nearly  100  winches  more.  Among  other  things  delivered  from 
the  company's  workshops  may  be  mentioned  a  large  number  of 
hoisting  apparatus,  chiefly  for  Russia.  The  manufacture  of  elec- 
tiic  heating  apparatus  has  increased  to  such  a  degree  that  it  has 
become  necesbary  to  establish  a  separate  department  for  this  class 
of  goods. 

The  Frankfurt  Djnanio  Works. — Wlien  the  Frankfort 

Dynamo  Works  were  acquired  from  the  Lahmeyer  Co.  two  years  ago 
apprehensions  were  entertained  by  a  portion  of  the  stafi  that  the 
A. EG.  would  close  the  works  and  transfer  manufacturing  to 
Berlin.  Although  these  fears  proved  to  be  unfounded  a  similar  idea 
has  now  been  revived  at  the  works,  where  several  thousands  of 
workers  are  employed.  The  A. E.G.,  however,  states  that  the 
intention  to  shut  down  the  works  does  not  exist,  although  a  small 
portion  of  the  business — the  construction  of  large  machines — is  to 
be  removed  to  Berlin.  The  building  of  large  machines  has  only 
been  continued  at  Frankfort  until  the  extension  of  the  Berlin  machine 
works,  commenced  four  years  ago.  was  completed,  which  is  now 
the  case.  For  the  rest  all  the  other  departments  at  Frankfort  are 
being  constantly  extended,  and  the  development  would  proceed 
more  rapidly  if  a  larger  number  of  skilled  workmen  was  locally 
available. 


^*jme: 


E]IjECTI?.IO.A.L    I?,E"7'XE'V7'. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


APRIIi  II,  1918. 


No.  1,84C. 


ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


MUNICIPAL     SALARIES. 


Vol.  LXXII.] 


CONTENTS:  April  II,  1913. 


[No.  1,8<«. 
Pago 


Municipal  Salaries  ...         

An  Agreement  between  Electrical  Undertakers 

Exhibitions  at  Gla8{>:ow  and  Shetlield      

Electrical  Benevolence 

Salaries  in  Municipal  Undertakings  (jllus.) 

The  Cost  of  House  Services  

Correspondence : — 

Maintenance  of  Tramway  Rollingr  Stock   ... 

Electric  Laundry  Irons  

Electrical  Shunt  Calculator 

Prospects  in  Electrical  Enfrineerinjj 

Failure  to  Excite         

Electric  Heating-  and  Cooking-  Apparatus  . . . 

Remote  Control  by  Vibrations         

Replacement  of  Plant  

Parliamentary  

Legal ' 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  iillus.) 

Business  Notes         

Electricity  Supply  in  the  Potteries  (illus.') 

Notes 

(Kty  Notes 

Stocks  and  Shares    ... 

Market  Quotations 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Recent  Developments  in   the  Street  Lighting  of  Man^ 
Chester  iconchided)  ... 

Colliery  Cables  OHm*.)  

The  First  International  Cinematograph  Exhibition  (illtit.') 

Reconstruction  at  Bankside  O'^tM.)         

Our  Legal  Query  Column 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications 


.■)85 
686 
587 
587 
688 
690 

591 
592 
592 
592 
592 
592 
593 
593 
593 
593 
596 
597 
603 
609 
612 
614 
614 
615 


617 
619 
G21 
623 
623 
624 
(!24 


Contractors'  Column 


Advertisement  pages  xxii  and  xxiv 


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RoaiE  :  Loescher  &  Co.,  Corso 
Umberto  l"  307. 

Sydney  :  The  Mining  &  Engineering 
Review,  2,  Hunter  Street;  Gordon 
and  Gotch,  Pitt  Street. 

Toronto,  Ont.  :  Wm,  Dawson  &  Sons, 
Ltd.,  Manning  Chambers,  Gordon 
and  Gotch,  132,  Bay  Street. 

Wellington,  N.Z.  Gordon  &  Gotch, 
Cuba  Street. 

Cheques  andTostal  Orders  (on  Chief  Office,  London)  to  be  made  payable  to 
The  Electrical  Review,  and  crossed  "  London  City  and  Midland  Bank, 
Newgate  Street  Branch." 


THE 


UNIVERSAL 

(J. 


ELECTRICAL 

L.  Bes*Iy>s)* 


DIRECTORY 


1913  EDITION. 

ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4,  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  E.C. 


TiiADK  activity  invariably  brinKS  in  its  train  discontent  in 
labour  circles.  Xo  sooner  docs  a  manufacturing  concern 
show  a  larf,'e  credit  balano;  than  its  employes  are  np  in 
arms  for  better  pecuniary  rcjcof^nition  of  their  individual 
services.  In  illustration  of  this,  take  the  recent  strikes  of 
coal  miners,  railwaymen,  dockers,  carters,  restaurant  waiters, 
and  the  less  important  strikes  of  electric  wiremen  in 
Bradford,  Glasgow,  &c.  With  the  price  of  raw  materials 
increased  by  2()  to  30  per  cent.,  and  manufacturers'  costs 
proportionately  augmented,  freights  have  become  high, 
giving  a  corresponding  rise  to  the  price  of  foodstuffs.  Rents 
and  taxes,  also,  have  gone  up  considerably  all  over  the 
country.  It  is,  therefore,  not  surprising  that  skilled  artisans, 
and,  for  that  matter,  foremen  and  superintendents,  should 
expect  their  wages  to  be  increased  in  such  proportion  as 
will  allow  them  to  live  at  least  as  comfortably  as  they  have 
hitherto  been  able  to  do. 

In  another  column  of  this  issue  we  print  an  article  dealing 
with  the  standard  of  salaries  and  wages  paid  to  officials  in 
municipal  undertakings  in  this  country,  illustrated  with 
curves  indicatmg  how  their  emoluments  vary  with  the 
responsibilities  appertaining  to  their  positions.  From  a  con- 
sideration of  the  data  given  in  the  article,  it  would  appear 
that  the  average  municipal  electrical  engineer's  respon- 
sibilities are  not  adequately  recognised.  Too  often  is  a 
cheese-paring  policy  adopted  by  Electricity  Committees  in 
fixing  the  salaries  of  the  electrical  stafl',  on  the  ground 
that  they  are  thereby  tending  to  reduce  the  assessments 
levied  on  the  ratepayers  of  the  Borough.  In  many  munici- 
palities, the  Committee  appoints  an  engineer  to  control  the 
whole  undertaking,  with  full  powers  to  deal  with  all  th« 
members  of  the  staff  ;  in  others,  all  the  primary  assistants 
hold  their  appointments  directly  from  the  Committee. 
With  the  former  arrangement,  each  employe's  hopes  for 
future  advancement  in  this  world  are  centred  in  one  indi- 
vidual— his  chief.  Under  the  latter  arrangement  a  com- 
petent assistant,  who  has  inadvertently  given  his  chief  cause 
for  annoyance,  may  have  some  consolation  in  knowing  that, 
although  he  must  submit  to  the  ruling  of  his  chief  in  matters 
affecting  his  work,  he  is  not  entirely  at  the  mercy  of  his 
superior  in  office,  ifuch  can  be  said  for  both  methods  of 
management. 

The  Stoke-on-Trent  Council  evidently  holds  the  belief 
that  it,  as  a  body,  is  best  able  to  decide  what  increase  of 
wages,  if  any,  should  be  granted  the  employe's  of  its  electrical 
undertaking.  In  the  minutes  of  a  Council  meeting  held 
on  March  28th,  when  consideration  was  given  to  salaries 
and  appointments  in  a  number  of  the  Council's  department?, 
it  is  reported  that  "  the  new  general  policy  of  the  Cor- 
poration is  to  arrange,  or  re-arrange,  appointments  and 
salaries  within  a  fixed  maximum,  with  a  view  to  combined 
efficiency  and  economy." 


[585] 


586 


[E    ELECTRICAL    RE\TEW 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,841,,  Aphil  11,  1913. 


licailinfr  further,  we  find  that  the  Electricity  Committee, 
in  adopting  the  sub-Committee's  recommendations  with 
regard  to  applications  for  increase  in  wages,  has  perfunc- 
torily shelved  the  question  for  another  12  months,  in  so  far 
as  it  concerns  resident  engineers,  charge  engineers,  and 
switchboard  attendants.  The  inconsistency  of  this  decision, 
having  in  view  the  general  policy  of  the  Corporation, 
certainly  savours  of  economy,  but  as  regards  efficiency, 
we  hold  a  different  opinion.  Greater  consideration,  how- 
€ver.  has  been  meted  out  to  the  mains  superintendents  in 
the  three  districts  under  the  Council's  jurisdiction.  The 
salaries  of  these  gentlemen,  which  at  present  range  from 
£130  to  £145,  have  to  be  increased  by  £5  per  annum  in 
each  case.  Advances  of  Is.  to  2s.  per  week  have  also  been 
granted  to  the  three  shift  engineers  in  the  Burslem  works, 
thus  raising,  in  that  station,  the  average  wage  of  this  class 
of  employe  from  858.  to  3<'is.  f.d.  per  week. 

The  case  of  Stoke-on-Trent  is  by  no  means  an  isolated 
one.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  same  conditions  will  be  found 
to  exist  in  almost  every  city  and  town  in  the  kingdom,  and 
it  is  no  wonder  that  great  numbers  of  our  young  electrical 
engineers,  on  the  completion  of  their  apprenticeship  or 
pupilage,  and  after  spending  a  year  or  two  as  shift  engineers 
or  attendants  in  a  power  station,  accept  minor  but  more 
lucrative  situations  aliroad,  and  leave  the  power  stations  of 
the  home  country  in  the  hands  of  juniors  and  marine  engi- 
neers srown  tired  of  sea-going.  Many  instances  could  be 
•cited  where  the  chief  engineer  has  pleaded  with  his  committee 
to  raise  the  standard  of  wages  in  his  department,  but  without 
success.  On  the  other  hand,  we  understrnd  that  there  are 
municipal  chiefs  who  not  only  make  no  attempt  to  raise  the 
standing  of  their  subordinates,  but  even  frustrate  any  efforts 
put  forward  with  this  intention  by  the  assistants. 

The  tabulation  of  central  station  costs  has  become  qtite  a 
fine  art  with  municipal  engineers,  some  of  whom  would 
almost  risk  their  professional  reputation  to  reduce  their 
working  charges  by  one-tenth  of  a  penny  per  unit  sold. 
After  much  scrutiny  of  the  manner  of  burning  coal  at  the 
station,  and  the  possibility  of  cutting  down  the  coal  bill,  and 
an  inquiry  into  the  superintendent's  methods  of  tackling 
repairs,  the  chief  finally  arrives  at  the  conclusion  that  some- 
thing will  have  to  be  lopped  off  the  wages  item.  We  have  a 
case  in  mind  where  an  engineer,  on  taking  over  the  manage- 
ment of  a  municipal  undertaking  in  the  North,  had  the 
existing  members  of  the  staff  replaced  by  others  at  approxi- 
mately two-thirds  the  saFaries  previously  in  vogue  in  the 
town.  His  brother  engineers  waited  with  considerable 
interest  for  the  result  of  his  first  year's  working  with  the 
new  staff,  which  showed  that  although  the  wages  costs 
per  unit  had  dropped  by  30  per  cent.,  the  increased  costs 
per  unit  on  coal  and  repairs  items  caused  the  total  working 
charges  per  unit  to  jump  up  to  an  alarming  figure.  The 
reason  for  this  was  undoubtedly  bad  staffing,  as  the  prices  of 
coal  and  metals  had  not  altered  to  any  appreciable  extent 
during  the  two  years  when  the  comparison  was  made. 

A  chief's  time  is  taken  up  principally  with  the  com- 
mercial side  of  the  undertaking,  while  he  exercises  super- 
vision over  his  departmental  superintendents.  He  is  therefore 
in  lar-re  measure  dependent  on  the  ability  of  his  engineers 
for  the  smooth  and  economical  running  of  the  plant,  and  a 
discontented  shift  engineer  or  superintendent  can  be  the 
cause  of  greater  losses  to  the  undertaking  than  one  might  at 
first  sight  imagine. 

We  are  in  perfect  agreement  with  the  statements  made  by 
Mr.  C.  E.  C.  Shawfield  at  the  farewell  meeting  with  his  staff 
at  Wolverhampton  on  the  30th  ult.  In  reply  to  several 
remarks  regarding  the  application  of  profits  towards  the 
improvement  of  salaries  and  wages,  he  said  that  it  was  to  be 
regretted  that  any  money  had  been  pjiid  over  to  the  relief  of 


the  rates,  as  he  thought  it  was  not  in  the  beet  interest  ot 
department,  or  the  town  as  a  whole,  that  the  profits  of  a 
trading  undertaking  should  be  used  for  this  purpose.  The 
first  call  on  the  profits  should  be  to  improve  the  status  of 
employment,  as  the  success  or  otherwise  of  the  undertaking 
depended  to  a  very  large  extent  on  the  efforts  of  these 
employed  therein.  The  chief,  however — added  ^Ir.  Shaw- 
field— had  not  a  free  hand  in  the  matter  of  salaries  and 
wages,  but  bad  to  carry  out  the  instructions  of  his  employers — 
the  municipality. 

Fortunately  the  impropriety  of  robbinsi  the  electricity 
undertaking  for  the  sake  of  relieving  rat€s.  ujion  which  we 
ha\e  so  often  and  so  long  insisted,  is  becoming  more  and 
more  widely  recognised,  and  amendment  in  this  respect  will, 
we  hope,  be  accompanied   bv  justice  to  the  /if^r-ionnel. 


We   publish    elsewherg   in    this    issue   a 

An  Agreement   report  of  the  case  of  the  London  Electric 

ElQclri"l       •'^"PPly  'orporation  r.  Westminster  Elec- 

l  ndertakers.  ^"^  Supply  Corporation,  which  was  decided 
last  week  by  the  House  of  Lords.  For 
the  convenience  of  those  who  have  not  time  or  inclination 
to  study  the  whole  case,  we  proytose  to  give  a  summary  of 
the  decision,  wliich  appears  to  establish  a  very  important 
principle  in  relation  to  that  particular  kind  of  transaction. 
We  trust  that  no  apology  is  necessary  for  repeating  in  a 
shortened  form  that  which  has  been  enunciated  at  greater 
length  in  the  stately  language  of  the  House  of  Lords.  To 
extract  the  kernel  from  a  legal  nut  is  not  always  easy.  An 
old  lawyer  once  told  us  that  even  with  his  experience  he 
never  understood  a  case  until  he  had  read  it  through  three 
times.  Let  the  following  be  regarded  as  the  product  of  a 
frequent  perusal  of  this  important  decision :  The  London 
Electric  Supply  Corporation  and  the  Westminster  Electric 
Supply  Corporation,  Ltd.,  are  each  authorised  to  supply 
electricity  in  parts  of  the  Borough  of  Westminster,  the 
"'  London '"  supplying  alternating,  and  the  "  Westminster  " 
continuous  current.  The  Westminster  Borough  Council 
is  entitled  at  a  certain  time  to  exercise  the  right  to 
purchase  the  undertakings  of  both  companies — the  right  in 
regard  to  the  London  falling  to  be  exercised  in  1931.  In 
I'JIO,  the  London  transferred  to  the  Westminster  the  right 
to  exercise  their  powers  subject  to  the  annual  payment  of 
£22,00(1,  and  to  the  right  of  the  lyondon  to  retain  the 
purchase  money  at  the  date  of  compulsory  sale,  the  West- 
minster agreeing  to  make  up  that  sum  to  £100,000,  if  less 
were  awarded. 

It  will  be  seen  that,  having  regard  to  this  agreement,  the 
continued  supply  of  alternating  current  was  of  importance  to 
the  London  Co.  In  these  circumstances  they  found  it  neces- 
sary, in  1911,  to  seek  an  injunction  to  restrain  the  West- 
minster Co.  from  soliciting  customers  who  took  alternating 
current  to  take  continuous  current.  They  also  sought  a 
declaration  that,  having  regard  to  the  agreement,  the 
defendant  company  were  bound  to  supply  alternating  current 
to  any  person  in  Westminster  who  might  apply  to  the 
plaintiff  company  for  such  a  supply.  To  put  the  matter  in 
a  nutshell,  it  appears  that  the  Westminster  Co.  claimed,  in 
effect,  the  right  to  act  as  if  they  were  purchasers  of  the 
London  Co.'s  undertaking.  In  other  words,  they  claimed 
the  right,  if  so  minded,  to  supply  continuous  current  to  all 
consumers,  and  to  do  that  which  would  ultimately  have 
destroyed  the  goodwill  of  the  London  Co.  in  the  area.  The 
judge  of  first  instance  and  the  Court  of  .\ppeal  both  refused 
to  grant  an  injunction  or  to  make  any  declaration  ;  but  the 
House  of  Lords  has  reversed  this  decision.  The  Lord 
Chancellor,  in  giving  judgment,  pointed  out  that  the  sale  of 
an  electrical  undertaking  was  prohibited  ;  that  he  could  not 
treat  the  agreement  as  an  arrangement  under  which  the 
respondents  had  purchased  for  fixed  sums  the  appellants' 
undertaking  in  the  area,  with  freedom  to  do  what  they 
pleased  with  it.  Finally,  he  declared  that  the  Westminster 
Co.  were  bound,  without  prejudice  to  their  right  to  cany  on 
and  develop  their  own  undertaking  in    a   fashion  consistent 


Vol.  72.     Xo.  l.Hli;,  Ariiii,  11,   1'.I13.] 


TUE    ELF.CTIUCAI,    KKVIKW. 


6b7 


wiLli  tlieir  oblipitions  niulcr  tlie  a<,'V(iem('nL,  In  do  iiotliin;^ 
wliil(^  tlic  iit;reciiiciit  lusted  wliicli  would  dcHtroy  the 
uppclliint'H  midertiiLiiif^  within  tlu!  areii.  In  tlio  cvi-iit,  tlic 
House  of  liords  niudc  a  deeliirution  to  the  above elTect,  hold- 
in<^  that  it  was  unnecessary  to  f^rant  an  in jnnction,  an  it  was 
certain  tlmtthe  Westminster  Co.  woulil  loyally  aet  in  nceord- 
anee  with  the  law  as  tiius  declared. 

Tlie  principK;  to  he  drawn  from  the  case  may  be  thns 
briefly  stated  :  Where  undertakers,  havinj,'  power  to  supply 
electricity  in  a  district,  transfer  tlieir  rights  to  rival  und(!r- 
tnkers  sniipiyiiifif  electricity,  on  the  terms  of  a  money  pay- 
ment, and  on  the  terms  that  when  compulsory  purchaKC 
takes  place,  the  pnrc'hase  price  shall  be  paid  to  the  (irst  com- 
pany, the  second  company  must  not  attempt  to  do  unjthinj^ 
which  will  destroy  the  goodwill  of  the  lirst  company. 

We  have  been  at  pains  to  expound  this  decision  as  clearly 
as  possible,  inasnuich  as  the  arrangement  come  to  between 
these  two  companies  is  one  which  may  at  some  future  period 
be  considered  desirable  in  other  districts. 


I'wo    important   exhibitions   are   being 
ExhibHIons      organi.sed  for  the  autumn  of  IDi:^,. 

"^*iV"^«*Y.         <>Ee    will    be  exclusively  electrical— at 

and  Shelheld.  j    *i,       xi        i        i  ^ 

(■lasgow,  and    the   otlier   largely    so — at 

Sheffield,  They  will  run  concurrently,  though  the  former 
will  open  a  day  earlier  than  the  latter,  that  is,  on  Thursday, 
October  23rd,  and  both  will  close  after  three  weeks'  dura- 
tion, on  Saturday,  November  l.")th. 

The  literature  that  has  just  been  (-flicially  issued  regard- 
ing both  undertakings  suggests  that  they  will  be  business- 
like displays  calculated  to  popularise  the  lighting  and  indus- 
trial applications  of  electricity  if  appropriate  action  be  taken. 

Glasgow  has  already  bad  a  couple  of  Smoke  Abatement 
Exhibitions,  but  these  are  admitted  to  have  applied  to  only 
one  or  two  sides  of  the  electrical  industry,  and  the  Corpora- 
tion now  feels  that  the  time  is  ripe  fur  holding  in  the  Zoo 
Buildings  a  purely  electrical  exhibition  (incorporating  engi- 
neering and  machinery),  at  which  it  is  intended  to  include 
examples  of  all  branches  of  electrical  engineering,  making 
a  s^how^  which  will  '*  be  at  once  w(  rthy  of  the  Second  City 
of  the  Empire  and  of  one  of  the  y>  ungest  and  greatest 
industries."  It  will  be  under  the  au  pices  C'f  the  Lord 
Provost  and  the  Electricity  Committte,  with  ^Ir.  W.  W. 
Lackie,  of  course,  as  electrical  engineer.  A  feature  of  con- 
venience from  au  exhibitor's  po'mt  of  view  is  the  decision  to 
have  stands  of  uniform  design  erected  by  the  Corporation,  the 
cost  being  included  with  the  charge  for  floor  space  ;  current 
will  be  provided  free.  It  is  intended  to  take  advantage  of 
the  educational  value  of  the  cinematograph  by  displaying  films 
of  the  latest  uses  of  electricity,  which  manufacturers  are 
invited  to  provide,  in  a  hall  which  will  be  specially  built  for 
the  purpose.  There  will  also  be  lectures  as  well  as  special 
uaily  demonstrations  of  electric  cooking,  baking,  bread- 
making,  sick-room  cooking,  fancy  bread  making,  and  sweet 
making.  It  is  considered  by  the  authorities  that  the  time  is 
opportune  for  making,  before  the  people  of  Glasgow  and 
district,  a  powerful  demonstration  of  the  progress  that  has  been 
made  in  telephony,  lighting,  power,  heating  and  cooking,  and  as 
we  have  always  thoroughly  believed  in  properly  organised 
exhibitions  as  a  means  of  stimulating  electrical  interest,  and 
have  urged  electricity  supply  authorities  to  adopt  up-to-date 
business-getting  methods,  we  wish  every  success  to  the 
Glasgow  Corporation  venture,  and  refer  our  readers  to 
Mr.  J.  M.  Freer,  of  8s,  Bath  Street,  (i  lasgow,  who  has  been 
appointed  general  manager. 

In  regard  to  the  Sheffield  undertaking,  this  is  a  Fuel, 
Light  and  Power  Exhibition,  which  will  be  held  in  the  City 
Exhibition  Hall,  under  the  auspices  of  local  Health  and  Smoke 
Abatement  Societies,  and  with  the  patronage  of  the  Lord 
INIayor,  the  Master  Cutler,  and  the  president  of  the  Sheffield 
Chamber  of  Commerce.  The  Advisory  Committee  includes 
Mr.  S.  K.  Fedden,  the  manager  of  the  Corporation  elec- 
tricity department :  Mr.  T.  Scott  Anderson,  and  Prof.  "W. 
Ripper,  of  the  University.  From  the  electrical  point  of 
view,  the  event  may  not  at  first  appear  to  be  so  important 
as   the   Glasgow   display,   and    electrical    ardour    may    be 


damjM'd  Honiewhut  by  reading  in  the  preliminary  proHjxjctUH, 
that  the  ilnll  "is  well  lit  with  liigli-prewmn!  ga»t." 
l)Ut  while  at  (J lasgow  electricity  will  have  no  would- 
be  rival  in  the  Zoo  buildings,  at  Sheflield  it  may  Ix- 
put  upon  its  mettle.  l-'or  instance,  in  the  "  Fuel " 
Section,  "  Kltctricity  for  (-(X)king"  follows  "  Gas  Stoves  and 
I.'angcs  for  Cooking,"  atid  in  the  "  Light  "  Section,  "  Kh-c- 
tricity  for  Lighting  and  lleuting "  is  sandwiihed  lietween 
certain  gas  and  acetylene  lines.  By  way  of  aimjiensation, 
in  the  Power  Section,  electric  motors  and  electric 
generating  plants  are  allowed  to  lead,  gas,  oil  and 
steam  engines  following.  'J'o  some  of  our  readers  it  may 
ap[)ear  that  this  mixing  uj)  of  different  classes  of  lighting 
and  power  agents  in  one  exhibition  render  it  all  the  more 
im]K>rtant  that  electricity  should  make  a  strong  showing. 

Of  course,  the  Shelheld  management's  idea  is  to  lessen 
the  smoke  nuisance  of  that  great  industrial  rentre,  and 
there  is  room  for  means  many  and  \aried,  electriobl 
and  non-electrical,  to  obtain  that  very  desirable  result.  No 
doubt  the  Sheffield  Corporation  Electricity  Department  will 
make  an  elVective  display  of  its  own,  and  we  trust  that  the 
e.xhibition  will  bring  on  n)any  new  consumers  of  all  classes. 
Electrical  firms  who  are  interested  (should  communicate  with 
the  hon.  secretary,  Mr.  Wm.  Bashford,  at  the  Exhibition 
offices,  45,  Bank  Street,  Sheffield. 


Electrical 


"Wk  make  no  apology  for  again  remind- 
„  ,  ing  our  readers  that  the  annual  Festival 

Dinner  of  the  Electrical  Trades  Benevo- 
lent Institution  will  be  held  on  Wednesday  next,  and  urging 
them  to  lose  no  time  in  conferring  effective  support  upon  a 
movement  which,  above  all  others,  merits  their  approval. 
The  spirit  of  co-opeiation  is  in  the  air;  it  makes  its 
influence  felt  throughout  the  world,  from  the  highest  to  the 
lowest.  European  Powers,  Oversea  Dominions,  Cabinet 
Ministers,  Britis^h  manufacturers,  suffragettes,  central  station 
assistants— all  feel  the  need  of  combining  for  mutual  assist- 
ance and  support  in  furthering  their  various  aims,  and  the 
electrical  industries  ought  to  regard  it  as  a  sacred  duty  to 
their  weaker  members  to  co-operate  in  making  provision 
for  the  relief  of  their  necessities.  As  Mr.  Garcke  pointed 
out  last  week,  the  industry  is  not  doing  anything  like  as 
much  as  it  ought  to  do  towards  this  end  ;  whereas  there  is 
a  capital  of  500  millions  sterling  invested  in  electrical  con- 
cerns, employing  nearly  half  a  million  souls,  there  is 
no  more  than  a  beggarly  £4,000  in  the  coffers  of  the  Bene- 
volent Institution,  the  interest  on  which  is  quite  inadequate 
to  cope  even  with  emergency  grants,  let  alone  the  granting 
of  pensions.  If  only  the  (i.OOO  firms  engaged  in  the  busi- 
ness would  contribute  on  the  average  the  trifling  sum  of  one 
guinea  each  per  annum,  the  Benevolent  Institution  would  at 
once  be  put  into  a  position  of  prosperity  :  surely  it  is  not 
much  to  ask  ? 

We  do  not,  and  cannot,  believe  that  the  will  is  wanting  ; 
the  fact  is,  we  think,  that  the  interest  of  the  vast  majority 
of  these  firms  has  never  been  effectively  aroused,  although 
every  effort  has  boen  made  by  the  organisers  and  the  Press 
to  direct  their  attention  to  the  Institution  and  to  the 
benefits  which  it  desires  to  confer  upon  the  victims  of 
unforeseen  calamity  and  misfortune  —  benefits  which 
cannot  be  secured  in  any  other  way.  If  the 
employed  themselves  would  contribute  the  sum  of 
onr  penny  each  per  (tunum,  the  Institut'on  would  double  its 
present  capital  every  two  years.  How  insiirnificant  a  t^on- 
tribution — and  yet  what  magnificent  results  it  would  ensure' 
If  only  one  good  volimtary  organiser  could  be  obtained  in 
every  important  centre  to  arrange  for  the  collection  of  this 
trifle,  a  new  era  would  dawn  for  the  Benevolent  fnstitution. 
But  this  by  the  way.  The  immediate  question  is — the 
dinner.  The  chairman,  Mr.  George  Sutton,  has  done  splen- 
did work  for  the  cause — let  it  not  be  said  that  he  lacked 
the  support  of  his  friends,  each  and  everyone  of  whom, 
whether  he  realises  it  or  not,  is  saddled  with  a  real  and 
personal  responsibility  in  this  matter  towards  bis  less 
fortunate  neighbour. 


688 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,S4G,  Apbil  11,  1913. 


SALARIES  IN   MUNICIPAL  UNDERTAKINGS. 
[communicated.] 


In  the  Electrical  Review  of  February  28th,  li)  13,  a  com- 
parison was  iriven  of  the  wages  jiaid  to  shift  engineers  and 
switchboard  attendants  in  numerous  central  stations  through- 
out the  country. 

A  study  of  the  salaries  paid  to  chief  electrical  engineei-s 
and  their  principal  assistants,  and  the  relationships  which 
exist  between  their  total  emoluments  and  the  capacity, 
output  and  value  of  the  undertaking,  will  elicit  many  facts 
and  figures  of  personal  interest,   not  only  to  those  who  at 


TABLE 

I.-Sa 

LABY  OF  Chief  Engineeb, 

Macicipal 
DDdertakicgs. 

Plsol 
opacity.  No. 

Per 

100  KW. 

o( 
plant. 

Per 

100  KW. 

con- 
nected 
to  maiDs. 

Per 

100  KW. 

of  maxi 
mum 
load. 

Per 

100,000 

units 

sold  per 

annum. 

Per 
£1.000 

of 
oapital. 

Per 

£1,000 

of 

revenae. 

£40 

Per 
1,000  ol 
popula- 
tion. 

^    ,     (1) 

£20 

£21 

£57 

£35 

£50 

£6-6 

t>: 

C2) 

30 

13 

46 

29 

36 

31 

120 

g 

(3) 

31 

21 

66 

68 

3  3 

30 

91 

1 

(4) 

23 

14 

42 

33 

33 

19 

9-5 

C5) 

29 

15 

44 

32 

34 

29 

8-0 

1 
o 

(6) 

24 

9 

23 

12 

7-2 

29 

5  4 

c 
o 

(7) 

21 

9 

43 

33 

2-5 

20 

8  5 

^' 

^    (8) 

9 

6 

17 

10 

22 

21 

7  1 

r   (9) 

21 

12 

33 

16 

36 

21 

5  0 

(10) 

16 

10 

31 

19 

3  0 

19 

39 

(11) 

12 

6 

19 

12 

2-8 

19 

47 

^ 

(12) 

17 

9 

23 

12 

21 

16 

3  6 

X 

(13) 

19 

s 

24 

14 

2-5 

17 

5-1 

g 

(14) 

18 

9 

26 

22 

32 

21 

11-9 

o  J 

(15) 

12 

7 

19 

11 

1-8 

15 

6-2 

1 

(IC) 

9 

5 

11 

7 

1-3 

9 

2-8 

1 

o 

(17) 

11 

7 

32 

16 

22    • 

25 

58 

g 

(18) 

12 

9 

25 

15 

1-7 

17 

30 

m 

(19) 

11 

- 

18 

15 

1-5 

11 

21 

(20) 

16 

7 

19 

11 

1-7 

15 

4-0 

(21) 

14 

5 

14 

6 

20 

12 

37 

■-(22) 

16 

8 

21 

11 

21 

16 

3  7 

(2H) 

12 

5 

20 

9 

2  3 

15 

HI 

^ 

(24) 

11 

6 

17 

9 

1-8    . 

10 

34 

K 

(25) 

10 

7 

20 

10 

1-8 

ll> 

4-8 

g 

(26) 

9 

4  3 

11 

7 

1-5 

9 

20 

|J 

(27) 

9 

4-0 

13 

7 

20 

12 

3-5 

1 

(28) 

7 

41 

11 

5 

2-3 

11 

7 

1 

o 

(29) 

8 

4-3 

12 

6 

23 

13 

6 

o 
o 

(30) 

8 

7-1 

17 

8 

31 

17 

5 

(31) 

5 

4-3 

7 

4-2 

1-5 

9 

4  2 

U32) 

10 

70 

18 

8 

22 

17 

6 

f(33) 

6 

41 

8 

4-3 

17 

9 

17 

1  f 

(34) 

7 

2-9 

9 

6 

1-0 

10 

18 

o  ^ 

(35) 

6 

3-5 

9 

6 

11 

8 

21 

o  o 
=>2  " 

(36) 

5 

2-6 

7 

5 

0-8 

7 

2  5 

2| 

(37) 

6 

20 

6 

31 

07 

5 

2-2 

(38) 

2-6 

1  f< 

5 

2-7 

06 

4 

1-5 

(39) 

.. 

16 

4 

2-3 

04 

3-7 

12 

present  hold  those  appointments,  but  also  to  the  charge 
engineers,  switchboard  attendants  and  other  employes  who 
hope  to  fill  the  higher  positions  on  the  staff  in  years  to 
come. 

On  what  bases  are  the  salaries  of  chiefs  and  assistants 
fixed  ?  Very  often  the  settlement  of  the  chief's  salary  is 
limited  to  a  consideration  of  purely  local  conditions,  and  no 
external  influence  is  allowed  to  enter  the  question.  In  many 
cases,  however,  when  an  increase  of  salary  has  been  requested, 
the  chief  himself  inaugurates  a  crusade  for  the  purpose  of 
ascertaining  the  salaries  paid  to  his  confreres  in  other  towns 
of  approximately  similar  size,  or  having  an  output  com- 
parable with  that  of  the  undertaking  which  he  controls. 
Having  obtained  the  desired  particulars,  he  carefully  weeds 
out  information  that  should  be  withheld  from  his  com- 
mittee, and  the  remaining  data  are  embodied  in  a  report 
showing  how  small  his  salary  looks  in  comparison  with  the 
salaries  of  chief  engineers  in  other  undertakings,  and  how 
important  his  department  is  when  compared  to  the  electrical 
departments  in  other  towns  with  approximately  the  same 
population.  The  matter  will  then  be  decided  by  a  com- 
mittee of  gentlemen  who  probably  have  no  electrical  know- 
le  ige,  and  who  are  not  aware  of  the  responsibilities  which 
rest  upon  their  electrical  engineer.     The  ultimate  fate  of 


the  application  sometimes  depends,  in  a  greater  or  less 
degree,  on  the  relationship,  harmonious  or  discordant, 
which  exists  between  the  engineer  and  his  committee  or  its 
chairman. 

Llany  chiefs  of  departments  are  allowed  to  practise  at 
private  consulting  work,  while  others  are  granted  the 
privilege  of  engaging  premium  pupils  and  retaining  the 
premiums  for  themselves.  'J'here  are  managers,  too,  who, 
even  in  the  face  of  greatly  increased  responsibility  through 
the  growth  in  the  size  of  the  undertaking,  steadily  oppose,  as 
unnecessary  and  superfluous,  all  suggestions  of  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  chief  assistant,  so  that  thereby  their  own  positions 
may  be  strengthened.  It  should  be  recognised  that  where  the 
capital  value  of  an  undertaking  exceeds  £l(Hi,(i(>0,  an 
assistant  manager  and  engineer  should  be  appointed,  to  take 
entire  charge  and  have  absolute  responsibility  for  the 
working  of  the  plant  in  the  absence  of  the  chief. 

With  the  object  of  tracing  the  connection  between  the 
capacity,  &c.,  of  a  municipal  station  and  the  salaries  paid  to 
officials  in  charge,  the  accompanying  information  relating  to  3!) 
undertakings  has  been  extracted  from  the  latest  returns  in 
the  Elfxtrical  liEviKW  Tables,  and  the  "  Personal  "  and 
"  Situations  Vacant "  columns  of  the  same  journal  during 
the  last  few  months. 

Table  I  contains  particulars  regarding  chief  engineers' 
salaries  in  the  39  towns,  expressed  in  pounds  per  annum  for 
each  100-KW.  capacity,  mains  connections  and  maximum 
demand  respectively,  and  also  per  £1,000  of  oapital,  £1,000 
of  revenue  and  1,000  of  population  in  the  area  of  supply. 


TABLE  II.- 

Salaries  of 

AsSiSTANTS 

• 

Municipal 

Chief  assistant. 

Mains 

Chief  clerk. 

Station 

undertakings. 

Ratio  to 

engircer. 

Peri' 1,000 

engineer. 

Plant 

■hief  engineer's 

Per  100  KW. 

of 

Per  100  KW.  of 

capacity.    No. 

salary. 

connected. 

revenue. 

plant. 

^. 

(1) 

•50 

£8-5 

£10^6 

£10^4 

z 

(2) 

•39 

— 

92 

— 

o 

(3) 

— 

11  1 

7-0 

9-2 

o 
o 

(4) 

— 

6^4 

10-2 

in 

«-    ■ 

(5) 

•36 

4-9 

8  4 

— 

1 

(6) 

— 

22 

54 

60 

o 

(7) 

■■yi 

40 

61 

6-0 

"    rt- 

.    (>■<) 

— 

2  5 

67 

4  3 

r   (9) 

— 

3-6 

39 

04 

(10) 

•40 

31 

3-<; 

50 

(11) 

•50 

2  2 

7^1 

4^1 

tit 

(12) 

•39    - 

___ 

4  6 

44 

(13) 

•50 

— 

5^1 

6-9 

g 

(14) 

•29 

21 

3-8 

4  1 

o 

(15) 

•60 

— 

72 

38 

"f     ■ 

(16) 

— 

16 

36 

40 

^ 

(17) 

•44 

21 

66 

37 

o 

(18) 

— 

4-5 

(■.•4 

.-.■4 

en 

(19) 

•40 

25 

4-6 

— 

(20) 

■32 

22 

4-3 

5  0 

(21) 

•50 

16 

40 

4  4 

,(22) 

■43 

— 

3  9 

42    " 

'(23) 

•35 

— 

24 

35 

^ 

(24) 

•50 

23 

3  9 

42 

M 

(25) 

— 

2  4 

40 

35 

o 
'    o 

(26) 

•50 

15 

28 

3-1 

1  ^ 

(27) 

•42 

13 

37 

33 

(28) 

— 

1-2 

26 

25 

1 

(29) 

•2(; 

0-8 

3  8 

22 

o 

§ 

(30) 

— 

1-9 

4-5 

2  7 

o 

(31) 

•44 

— 

38 

24 

1  (32) 

— 

15 

3  5 

21 

g 

(30 

•62 

r4 

26 

19 

o 

(34) 

■50 

09 

2  4 

27 

o" 

(35) 

— 

10 

26 

— 

o 

(36) 

•47 

0-9 

1  1 

17 

(37) 

•28 

07 

V5 

17 

(38) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

l(39) 

•60 

06 

1-4 

0-8 

As  the  plant  capacity  of  a  station  usually  represents  the 
status  of  that  station,  the  39  undertakings  have  been 
arranged  in  the  order  of  their  generating  powers,  and  the 
curves  in  figs.  1  and  2  have  been  included  to  indicate 
graphically  the  extent  of  the  variation  of  the  values  in 
Table  I  from  the  smaller  works,  with  1,000  KW.  of  planter 
thereabouts,  to  the  40,000-kw.  stations.  It  will  be  noted 
that  the  fluctuations  of  all  seven  sets  of  values  follow  closely 
the  line  of  the  curve  known  to  station  engineers  as  the 
"  Capital  cost  per  kilowatt "  curve. 


Vol.  72.     No.  1  S4i;,  Al'kli,   11,   IDKt. 


THE    VAjKCTUXCA I.    UK V I !•: W. 


rm 


'I'lic  iniiiiiniiiii,  iivcra^^e  itiul  inii.xiiiiiiiii  miIik  s  of  the  uIidnc 
ligurcH  lire  ns  follows  :— 

Salary  of  chief  engineer  : —  -I/ii 

I"or  100  KW.  of  plant 

I'er  100  K\v.  of  connoctionB   ... 
Per  100  KW.  of  maximum  load 

Per  100,00(1  units  Hold 

Per  £  1 ,000  of  capital 

Per  £1,000  of  revenue 
Per  1,000  population  ... 

In  lips,  '.i  and  4  the  curves  eliow  the  iiverage  toliil  Halarifs 
of  chief  engineers  in  comparison  with  the  power  j)lant  in  the 


III  V  in . 

A  ii'i-in/r. 

Miuim  II  III 

2T. 

£i;n 

£81 

16 

7*2 

21 

40 

21-5 

r,7 

2-:! 

i:f6 

r,H 

0-1 

2-2 

7 

:V7 

ic-1 

40 

12 

4'9 

12 

1        r        r     ■  ' 

bAlARV     Of     CMIt»     CNGINCeR 

/^ 

\ 

V 

/^ 

\^ 

[\ 

*"' 

0 

^ 

-V. 

VI 

\.  ,^ 

..  „. 

CO-H.C 

„o«. 

0 

V 

^ 

y^ 

vA^ 

V / 

^ 

. 

\A 

n 

\h 

.... 

-?o. 

If 

u 

A 

F 

r 

\/v 

U 

\i 

0 

V  L- 

V 

n|V 

s 

«u»nY 

^ 

or   c 

r 

MiCf 

CNOIN 

[CR 

ll 

W 

1/ 

/i 

"    '"" 

V 

V^ 

s. 

NA- 

^ 

V^ 

~— -N 

_^.^ 

"'■'* 

S.— - 

\, 

V 

L 

h 

«■ 



v^ 

K 

^A^ 

v^ 

\K 

V 

n. 

m  n» 

.L>r.oN 

/"l-s 

^ 

J 

^^ 

v/> 

aJ 

,.,^ 

Fig.  1. 


UNDERTAKINGS 


Fig.  2. 


station,  the  capital  cost  of  the  undertaking,  and  the  units 
sold  per  annum.  A  striking  similarity  will  be  seen  to 
exist  between  the  "  plant "  curve  and  the  "  units  sold  " 
curve,  which  would  seem  to  show  that  the  load  factors  of 
tliese  stations  do  not  vary  to  any  great  extent. 

Assistants  in  electrical  departments  have,  as  a  rule,  many 
grievances,  real  and  imaginary.  These  most  often  arise 
from  discontent  over  the  magnitude  of  their  work,  and  the 
meagreness  of  their  remuneration.  As  the  undertaking 
expands  in  size  and  importance,  and  the  chief's  salary  is 
augmented  in  like  proportion,  the  assistants,  who  possibly  do 


1.200 

tl.IOO 

■^ 

1,000 

^^.^ 

,->^ 

-^' 

^^>'^ 

-^    o'   ^^ 

£800 

•rl^ 

/ 

/^ 

/  ^ 

£600 

/ 

/ 

L 

/ 

SALA 

y  Of 

CHIEF 

ENG 

NEER 

£400 

/ 

£J00 

1 

1,000 

^ 

^ 

^ 

y^ 

/ 

/ 

/I 

)F     CH 

EF     E 

GINEE 

« 

£500 

/ 

" 

/ 

£300 

/ 

10,000  20.000  30,000 

KILOWATTS     OF     PLANT 
£500,000       £1.000.000     £1.500.000 
CAPITAL     EXPENDITURE 


Fig.  3. 


Fig.  4. 


the  bulk  of  even  the  administrative  work  of  the  department, 
may  be  entirely  overlooked.  Where  the  chief  is  the  autocratic 
controller  of  the  whole  staff,  including  the  chief  assistant, 
the  standard  of  discipline  has  certainly  proved  to  be  tetter 
than  if  several  of  the  assistants  are  directly  under  the  Elec- 


trii  ity    ('(iiiiii)iLU!c,    hut  thi'   HMihUriltt   huvir   noL    llic   wiriK- 

op|K>rtnnity  of  iiiijinivin^  their  jxwitionn  on  the  nUifl'  i^  they 

would    liiivc    if    tlioy    were    rc«iK)iiBible   to   the   C'«uiniittcc 

iuHtcad  of  to  their  cliief. 

ltiH(|uite  conmioii  to  hour  of  u, chief  "eri(,'int'er  al«<)luL<?Iy 

forbidding  hJH  aHHiHtaiitH  to  engage  in  private  <t»nHuIting  work 

in   their  leisure  lionrH,   while  hr^  himself  ojKjnly  acc<-pt«  fccM 

for  Hi)0(;ifi(;iitioiiH  which  may  not  iiiiprobably  have  U*n  drawn 

up  by  one  of  his  a.'iHistants. 

As  the  chief  a.ssistant   is  of  next  irn|>ortan(.«  Uy  the  chief, 

he    should    have    u    nalary    worthy    of    the    r(rHi)r)iiHibility 
he  has  !i(C(;pted.      In    the    third    rx>lnmn 

of  Table  II  the  ratio  of  tlie  chief  iifwistant's 

to  the  chief's  salary  is  given  for  as 
many  of  the  3;t  undertakings  as  have 
a  chief  assistant.  A  glan'X'  at  the 
tabulated  figures  will  show  that  out 
of  the'  '.V.)  stations,  1;'.  have  no  assistant, 
while  in  six  of  them,  the  chief  as-sistant 
also  acts  as  mains  engineer.  In  some 
of  the  columns  blanks  have  been  left  where 
tlie  information  is  not  available.  It  will 
l)e  observed  that  a  common  rule  evidently 
adopted  in  fixing  the  assistant  engineer's 
salary  is  to  make  it  one-half  of  the  chief's 
salary.  Out  of  the  chosen  :i'.l  towns,  in  as 
many  as  seven,  the  chief  has  a  salary 
exactly  double  the  amount  of  his  under- 
study's. 

The  topmost  curve  in  fig.  ")  delineates 
the  diversity  of  the  ratios  between  the 
assistant's  salaries  and  the  chief's,  while 
the  other  three  lines  represent  the 
variations  for  the  various  undertakings 
of  salary  of  mains  engineer  per  100  k\v. 
of  mains  connections,  salary  of  chief 
clerk     per     £1,000     of     revenue,     and 

§.  iT"  salary  of  station  superintendent  per  100  Kw. 

i|  \i  of  plant  installed. 

-'  -'  The   minimum,  average  and    maximum 

values  for  these  items  are  : — 

?nniiniim.     Areraije.     Miu-imiim. 
Ratio  of  chief  assistant's  to  chief 

engineer's  salary "26  •44  'OO 

Mains  engineer's  salary  per  100  KW. 

connected £0f;  £27  £111 

Chief  clerk's  salary  per  £1,000  of 

revenue      £11  £4'7  £10T> 

Station      engineer's     salary      per 

100  KW.  of  plant £08  £4-3  £iri 

The  chief  clerk's  sphere  is  the  supervision,  under  the 
chief  engineer,  of  all  office  work — such  as  the  issuing 
of  energy  and  other  accounts,  the  checking  of  invoices 
for  goods  purchased,  and  the  general  book-keeping 
of  the  department.  Correspondence  on 
non-technical  matters  may  also  be  in- 
cluded in  his  tasks,  as  well  as  the  tiling 
of  all  records  relating  to  the  undertaking. 
Generally  he  acts  as  secretary  to  the 
chief  engineer,  and,  in  certain  instances, 
he  is  also  the  collector  of  all  moneys 
due  to  the  department.  His  s<ilary  will 
naturally  be  in  proportion  to  the  duties 
appertaining  to  his  office.  It  is  assumed 
in  this  comparison  that  he  controls  the 
cash  transactions,  being,  of  course,  de- 
pendent in  this  connection  only  on  the 
City  or  Borough  Treasurer.  Com- 
paring his  salary  with  the  income  from 
all  sources,  the  fluctuations  in  pounds 
per  £1,000  of  revenue  are  clearly  shown 
in  the  curve. 

The  most  satisfactory  basis  on  which 
to  compare  the  salaries  paid  to  station 
superintendents  is  the  total  generating 
capacity  of  the  plant  for  which  they 
In  some  cases  the  superintendent  has 
the   plant,     the    repairs 


are  responsible. 

charge   only  of   the  running   of 

being  placed  in   the   hands   of   an   independent    engineer. 

In  other  power  stations  dual  responsibility  exists  for  the 

running  and  maintenance,   the  dividing  line  being  drawn 


690 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW, 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,S4C,  i-PBIL  n,  1913. 


between  the  electrical  and  the  mechanical  portions  of  the 
plant.  The  best  results  are  obtained,  however,  where  a 
good    all-ronnd    mechanical     and    electrical     engineer     is 


THE    COST    OF    HOUSE    SERVICES. 


Fir.,  a. 

placed  in  absolute  charj^e  of  the  running  of,  and  repairs 
to,  all  the  appliances  and  machinery  at  the  generating 
station. 

As  opportunity  seldom  arises  for  assistjints  in  electricity 
undertakings  to  compare  their  wages  with  those  of  a  number 


Fio.  6. 


of  other  towns,  in  the  same  manner  as  chief  engineers  are 
privileged  to  do,  the  curves  in  fig.  5  may  be  of  some  interest 
to  them.  With  a  view  to  arriving  at  average  values  for 
difiFerent  sizes  of  stations,  the  average  results  obtained  from 


Capacity 

Chief 

Chief 

Mains 

Chief 

Station 

ID  KW. 

engineer. 

aseisUnt. 

engineer. 
£150 

clerk. 

engineer. 

1.500 

£320 

£150 

£150 

£160 

2  51  >0 

450 

200 

180 

160 

170 

5,000 

C20 

260 

230 

190 

200 

10.000 

800 

3.50 

270 

240 

260 

15,t)00 

880 

400 

310 

290 

320 

20.000 

950 

460 

330 

320 

380 

:?0.0<i0 

1,01  to 

520 

HliO 

380 

430 

40,000 

1,100 

680 

.S90 

440 

480 

fig.  ij  have  been  plotted  in  fig.  6.  Reading  from  the 
latter  curves,  the  accompanying  table  of  average  salaries  for 
different  sizes  of  stations  has  been  compiled. 


By  "IMPROVER." 


Meter  Approved.  -  The  Board  of  Trade  has  aitproved 

of  the  Chamberlain  A:   Ilookham  polyphase  watt-honr  meter,  type 
A.I.T.,  deposited  by  the  makers  in  Febniary.  1912. 


Veey  little  has  been  written  in  connection  with  the  all- 
important  item  of  house  connections  and  their  cost.  The 
amount  of  money  spent  annually  on  this  class  of  work 
must  have  a  considerable  bearing  on  the  efficient  running  of 
mains  departments,  whether  company  or  Borough  Council  ; 
and  yet  very  little  attention  is  paid  to  this  important 
spending  department. 

As  is  usual  with  the  ordinary  operation  of  a  service- 
laying  gang,  the  foreman  of  the  department  pays  a  visit  to 
the  premises  about  to  have  a  service  laid  on,  and  measures 
up  the  amount  of  cable  required  for  the  job,  and  the  usual 
rei]uisition  goes  into  the  stores,  ("are  has  to  be  exercised  in 
choosing  the  run,  and  aa-urate  measurements  are  necessary, 
as  the  writer  has  frequently  seen  cases  where  the  amount  of 
c-able  brought  on  the  job  has  been  considerably  in  excess  of 
all  ordinary  recjuirements,  and  anything  from  two  to  three 
yards  has  been  returned  as  scrap  ends. 

Twelve  years  ago,  the  whole  of  the  service  work  of  a  certain 
undertaking  was  carried  out  by  one  of  the  cable  companies, 
and,  in  spite  of  the  special  supervision  whi^h  was  supposed 
to  exist,  the  cost  of  services  was  quite  out  of  all  proportion  to 
the  length  of  any  particular  service,  some  of  the  reasons 
being  : — (1)  The  price  charged  for  service  boxes  ;  (2)  cut- 
outs :  and  (3)  waste  labour. 

The  service  boxes  were  of  a  type  that  had  fuses  con- 
trolling the  installation,  and  were  fitted  with  glands  for 
plumbing  to  the  outer  sheathing  of  the  lead-covered  cables. 
The  boxes  were  supposed  to  be  the  best  of  their  kind  at  the 
time,  but  they  have  since  been  proved  to  be  a  nuisance 
through  the  fuses  giving  trouble.  Many  cases  occurred 
where  the  fuses  were  found  to  be  eaten  through,  and  this, 
together  with  other  complaints,  caused  them  to  be  dis- 
carded.    The  cost  of  these  boxes  was  £1  8s.  each. 

The  use  of  such  a  box  on  a  conduit  system  of  distribution 
meant  the  building  of  a  brick  pit  with  a  frame  and  cover  for 
easy  access,  the  cost  being  £  1  9s.  in  each  case. 

The  type  of  cut-out  used,  regardless  of  make,  was  a  some- 
what costly  piece  of  apparatus,  but  in  most  cases  the  work- 
manship was  good  and  the  whole  thing  was  reliable. 

The  labour  was  a  very  variable  amount,  and  little  judg- 
ment was  exercised  in  setting  out  a  day's  work.  In  conse- 
quence there  was  a  great  deal  of  what  the  writer  regards  as 
waste  labour,  by  which  he  does  not  necessarily  mean  loafing. 
This,  together  with  hasty  measurements  of  cable  and  conse- 
quent waste,  completed  what  was  a  very  costly  job. 

In  more  recent  years  the  prices  of  joint  boxes  and  cut-outs 
have  decreased  considerably,  and  at  the  present  time  a  good 
joint  box  can  be  obtained  at  a  few  pence  over  5s.  Cut-outs, 
too,  have  decreased  in  price  to  the  same  low  level,  the 
workmanship  being  quite  good  and  the  cut-outs  quite  sub- 
stantial in  every  way.  The  abolition  of  boxes  that  contained 
fuses  having  done  away  with  the  necessity  of  frames 
and  covers,  led  to  an  improvement  in  cost  of  about  £2  3s. 
per  service. 

In  dealing  with  waste  of  time,  the  writer  has  in  use  a 
system  of  service  connections  which  reduces  this  waste  to  a 
minimum,  by  the  use  of  a  cast  lead  shell  for  service  boxes. 
At  the  same  time  use  is  made  of  all  scrap  lead  stripped  from 
the  ends  of  cable  returned  to  stores  from  the  various  works. 
This  shell,  in  addition  to  providing  the  usual  protection  and 
recept;icle  for  the  compound,  forms  a  continuous  lead  sheath- 
ing, and  its  value  as  tuch  must  be  obvious  to  all. 

It  frequently  happens  that  the  service  gang  cannot 
l)egin  operations  until  about  7  a.m.  in  the  case  of  private 
houses,  and,  perhaps,  !(  a.m.  in  the  case  of  shops.  The 
jointer  and  mate  are,  consequently,  compelled  to  wait  about 
until  one  end  of  the  cable  is  fixed  in  the  basement  of  the 
premises  (unless  some  "  hospital "  job  can  be  found  for  them). 
This  gives  a  considerable  amount  of  time  that  can  be  pro- 
fitably utilised,  and  is  so  utilised  where  the  system  of  casting 
lead  carcases  is  in  vogue.  The  preparation  of  metal  and 
moulds  is  quite  a  speedy  process,  and  sufficient  carcases  can 
be  turned  out  during  the  waiting  period  of  the  ordinary 
jointer's  day.  After  a  careful  study  over  several  months,  it 
appears  that  the  cost  of  turning  out  these  carcases  amounts 
to  : — Labour,  Od.  per  set ;  lead  (if  at  scrap  value),  la.  lid. 


Vol.72.     No.  l.sifi,  Apuil  11,  19i;i.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


51)1 


per  set,  1111(1  if  now  load  Ik.  lOd.  per  Bet,  or  not  more  than 
28.  7d.  per  set  of  two  Imlvos.  To}i;ctli(!r  witli  littinf^,  thin 
coii:pletcH  11  very  (^heaj)  Hcrvici;  l)ox. 

'I'lie  cost  of  connecting'  or  fixinj^  in  no  more  tlinn  tlmt  of 
the  ordiimry  ciist-iron  kIicII,  and  a  jointer  and  nmte  can, 
dtirin{?  tlio  early  morning,  cast  three  sets  of  six  Imlves  and 
tix  and  complete  three  service  boxes  and  cut-onts  during 
one  working,'  diiy  of  '.)\  hours  when;  the  mains  are  clear. 

The  only  process  is  that  of  layiufj;  a.  strip  of  prepared 
tape  alonjjf  the  joints  of  tire  two  halves  of  the  boxes  and 
applying  a  powerful  blow-lamp  for  1.')  minutes.  This  also 
serves  the  very  useful  pur|)o?c  of  warming  up  the  joint-box 
and  keeping  the  compound  in  a  very  fluid  state  for  a  con- 
siderable time,  and  allows  any  air  to  escape.  The  sealing 
and  completing  of  the  box  is  done  by  laying  a  small  sheet  of 
metal  over  the  opening  in  the  top  half. 

As  a  means  of  checking  the  scrap  cable  sent  in,  a  book  is 
kept  in  the  stores,  and  the  jointers'  mates  return  daily  all 
ends  from  the  completed  jobs,  which  materially  assists  the 
stores  clerk  in  keeping  an  accurate  record  ;  this  used  to  be 
a  very  troublesome  task  and  meant  much  "  cooking "  of 
cable  measurements. 

Below  is  given  a  record  of  the  cost  of  service  laying  com- 
plete with  reinstating  charges,  at  various  periods  from  lilOi 
to  the  present  year,  the  service  laying  being  done  l>y  a  con- 
tractor from  1900  to  11)02,  and  by  the  Council's  emplojcs 
from  r.lOo  to  date.  In  the  case  of  all  services  laid  prior  to 
1907,  both  by  the  contractor  and  Corporation,  wrought- 
iron  pipes  were  used  to  draw  the  cable  tlirough  from  the 
Council's  mains  to  the  consumers'  basements.  From  1907, 
the  cable  used  has  been  strip  armoured,  and  here  there  is  a 
slight  saving  of  about  3d.  per  foot  run.  In  the  case  of 
armoured  cable  services,  the  mains  arc  laid  at  an  inci  eased 
depth  to  avoid  damage  to  the  mains  by  other  mains  layers, 
who  are  many  and  have  not  always  the  respect  for  electric 
cables  that  they  might  have. 

In  1901  a  service  was  laid  by  the  contractor  (and  is 
representative  of  those  of  its  class).  The  length  of  cable 
was  45  ft.,  and  the  cost  was  as  under  : — 


4:>  ft.  "05  L.T.C.,  and  w.i.  pipe 

Box  and  cut-ont,  Btores,  jointing,  materials,  4;c. 

Brick  pit,  frame  and  cover        

Paving       


£3  10 
3  3 
1  9 
1     0 


Total  £9    2     0 

In  1903  a  service  was  laid  by  the  Council's  men,  the 
joint  box  and  cut-out  being  identical,  and  the  method  of 
laying  the  cable  the  same  as  in  the  previous  case.  The  cost 
worked  out  as  follows  : — 

45  ft. '05  cable  in  1 J  in.  W.I.  pipe       £3     8     4 

Box  and  cut-out,  stores,  jointing:,  materials,  &c.  2  12     4 

Brick  pit,  frame  and  cover        160 

Paving 0  19     6 

Extra  for  meter- board  fixed  by  Council          ...  0    4     0 

Total  £8  10    2 

In  1907,  using  armoured  cable,  a  ncn-fuscd  type  of  joint 
box,  and  a  much  cheaper,  though  equally  good  cut-out,  a 
service  was  laid  costing  : — 

45  ft.  "05  armoured  cable           £2  17  0 

Box  and  cut-out,   jointing,  materialp,   storep, 

and  "  blind "  brick-box        2     0  0 

Paving       0  19  9 

Total  5  16     9 

Here  a  brick  pit  was  built,  but  a  frame  and  cover  were 
not  needed.  A  slab  of  York  stone  was  placed  over  the  box 
just  under  the  paving,  and  a  mark  peculiar  to  the  depart- 
ment was  cut  into  the  wall  of  the  premises  to  indicate  the 
point  of  entry. 

From  this  date  the  services  cost  less,  mainly  owing  to  the 
reduction  in  the  price  of  service  boxes  and  cut-outs,  the 
cheapening  of  compound,  the  better  manipulation  of  the 
various  gangs,  and  the  sandwiching-in  of  other  useful  work, 
until  in  1909  we  had  services  of  40-ft.  run  costing  : — 

40  ft.  7/18  cable  

Joint- box 

Cut-outs 

Meter-board 

Stores,  compoumj,  &c  ... 

Labour  

Paving 

Total  


...  £1 

1 

3 

...     0 

4 

9 

...     0 

4 

9 

...     0 

1 

8i 

...     0 

2 

4^ 

...    1 

( 

6 

...     0 

12 

8 

...  £3 

15 

0 

1 

17 

11 

0 

4 

7 

0 

1 

y 

i) 

1 

9 

0 

2 

B 

1 

.1 

7 

0 

19 

7 

£1     0 

r> 

0     1 

7 

0     2 

ti 

0     6 

2i 

0   10 

6 

A  Hcrvi(;e  laid  the  muu:  year,  but  having  a  larger  li/ie 
cable,  cost  : — 

4.1  ft.  or,  c«i)l«<... 
Jnint-box 
Cnt-out  ... 
Muter- board 
Storoii  ... 
Labour  ... 
Paving  ... 

'Inlul         .  ...  £4   14     H 

Since  I'.ill.tlie  new  method  of  joint  lK).\e«  haH  been  in 
vogue,  and  the  cost  of  servicics  has  worked  out  at  an  average 
of  :— 

35  ft.  7/18  cable  

Box  fitting        

Box  carcase 

Cut-out  and  meter- Ixiard 

Labour  ... 

Total  £2     1     84 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  marked  improvements  have  l)ecn 
made  in  cheapening  the  coat  of  services,  this  being  primarily 
due  to  the  better  getting  out  of  work  and  the  consequent 
reduction  in  the  cost  of  labour,  and  the  cheapening  of 
service  boxes  and  cut-outs. 

In  the  case  of  the  first  service  mentioned  we  had  a  cost 
of  £3  8s.  Id.  for  cable  and  laying,  exclusive  of  paving,  or 
5s.  4d.  per  yard  run.  Of  this  amount,  3s.  7^d.  per  yard  was 
for  cable  and  wrought-iron  pipe,  laid  and  jointed.  The  balance 
of  Is.  H.Ul.  per  >ard  was  for  laying  service  line  only.  This 
should  have  shown  a  very  fine  return,  as  some  hundreds  of 
connections  were  made  in  the  year,  and  the  fact  has  also  to 
be  taken  into  consideration  that  only  2 1  ft.  of  ground  had  to 
be  opened,  the  balance  of  cable  being  simply  cleated  to  the 
wall  of  the  consumer's  basement.  The  cost  of  the  service 
box  and  cut-out  was  £2  12s.  Id.,  including  fixing.  Of  this 
sum,  lOs.  8d.  was  for  fixing  only,  leaving  a  figure  quite  in 
keeping  with  the  charges  for  electrical  apparatus  in  those 
days. 

As  a  fair  comparison,  I  place  alongside  the  above  a  service 
laid  by  the  Council's  men  in  1909,  the  size  and  length  of  the 
cable  being  the  same,  with  the  exception  that  armoured  cable 
was  used.  The  cost  of  this  service  was  £1  17s.  lid.,  or 
3s.  lid.  per  yard.  Here  the  service  bos  cost  9s.  4d.,  exclu- 
sive of  fixing,  which  was  an  immense  saving  on  the  old  charge, 
while  the  ([uality  was  good.  Of  the  labour  charge  of  £1  3s.  7d., 
the  sum  of  (is.  3d.  was  for  the  time  of  the  jointer  and  mate 
fixing  service  box,  meter  board  and  cut-out.  The  balance  of 
17s.  4d.  was  for  excavating,  laying  cable  and  building  "blind 
box  "  (the  system  is  a  draw-in  one).  This  represents  an  all- 
in  price  of  Is.  3|d.  per  yard,  which  must  be  regarded  as  a 
great  improvement. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Letter!  received  by  ut  after  6  P.M.  ON  Tuesday  cannot  appear  until 
the  folUrwing  week.  Correspondentt  thould  forvMri  their  c<»nm,%Lm- 
cations  at  the  earliest  possible  moment.  No  letter  can  be  published 
unless  we  have  the  writer' t  name  and  address  in  our  possession. 


Maintenance  of  Tramway  Rolling  Stock. 

Referring  to  the  interesting  article  on  "  Some  Difficulties 
with  Tramcar  Motors,"  in  the  issue  of  the  Electrical 
Review  for  the  28th  ult.,  I  beg  to  suggest  that  it  contains 
some  food  for  reflection  for  those  tramway  managers  who  are 
anxious  to  maintain  reliability  of  service  and  efficient 
running  of  the  rolling  stock. 

Undoubtedly  the  receipts  per  car-mile  and  the  ratio  of 
receipts  to  expenses,  kc,  are  important  items  in  tramway 
management  :  but  it  is  to  be  feared  that  in  seme  under- 
takings the  commercial  aspects  overshadow,  to  a  large 
extent,  the  technical  or  engineering  considerations,  with  the 
unfortunate  result  that  the  rolling  stock  is  apt  to  receive  less 
skilled  engineering  supervision  than  is  desirable  to  secure 
the  most  efficient  results. 

It  is  not  uncommon  either  to  find  that  the  car-shed  staff 
consists  principally  of  "  fitters "  whose  training  and  wages 
are  inadequate  for  the  work  that  generally  devolves  upon 
them,  for  it  is  often  supposed  that  rolling  stock  repairs  can 


592 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       LVoi.  72.  No.  i.mg,  apbil  11,  1913. 


be  ctliciently  carried  out  by  skilled  labourers  or  titters, 
with  little  or  no  training  iii  shop  methods  or  the  use  of 
tools,  Ac. 

Indeed,  in  more  than  one  instance,  the  writer  has  known 
the  depot  staff  to  l>e  under  the  control  of  men  whose  previous 
experience  was  acquired  in  a  winding  shop  or  in  jointing  on  a 
lighting  network  :  and  although  such  men  may  eventually 
become  efficient  "  fittei-s,"  it  is  more  often  than  not  at  the 
expense  of  both  the  ojuipment  and  the  time-keeping  on 
service.  It  may  Iw  argued  that  "  it  would  not  pay  to  employ 
skilled  fitters  at,  say,  8.J,d.  per  hour,"  but  when  one  has  had 
actual  experience  with  "  fitters  "  and  fitters  on  rolling  stock 
repairs,  I  venture  to  think  that  an  analysis  of  the  various 
items  which  compose  the  working  expenditure  will,  in  the 
majority  of  cases,  amply  prove  that  it  pays  to  employ 
efficient  men. 

The  best  of  traction  equipments  have  a  fairly  low  overall 
conversion  efficiency  under  service  conditions,  and  in  these 
days  of  the  extensive  use  of  meters  and  methods  of  diagnosing 
inefficiencies,  it  is  all  the  more  surprising  to  find  that  in 
many  cases  so  little  interest  is  evinced  in  the  condition  of 
the  mechanical  details  of  the  rolling  stock  from  an  engineer- 
ing point  of  view. 

L.  Marshall  .Tockels. 

York,  At>ril  hth,  1!)13. 


Electric  Laundry  Irons. 

I  should  be  glad  to  hear,  through  your  valued  columns, 
from  any  of  your  readers  who  have  discovered  a  practical 
electric  iron  for  laundry  or  factory  use.  I  have  tried  ail  ihe 
well-known  makes,  but  cannot  find  one  that  will  stand  up 
without  attention  for  more  than  three  months.  The  chief 
dilficulty  is  the  disintegration  of  the  copper  of  the  flexible 
close  to  the  connector  terminals,  due  to  the  heat  rising  from 
the  iron,  which  also  destroys  the  rubber  on  the  flexible,  and 
causes  short  circuits. 

Has  anyone  experiment«d  in  this  connection  with  the  brass 
flexible  that  was  on  the  market  some  10  years  ago,  and,  if 
so,  with  what  results  ': 

Another  fault  with  most  irons  is  the  way  the  connection  is 
made  between  the  heating  element  and  the  brass  terminal 
pins.  This  is,  as  a  rule,  very  crude,  and  has  not  the  atten- 
tion given  to  it  which  it  deserves,  the  result  being  arcing, 
and  eventually  an  open  circuit. 

These  faults  are,  of  course,  not  nearly  so  frequent  in 
household  electric  irons,  partly  due  to  the  lower  tempera- 
tures at  which  they  are  run,  and  their  intermittent  use. 

Ironical. 


Electrical  Shnnt  Calculator. 

Referring  to  the  description  of  an  electrical  shunt 
c-alculator  on  page  ')iA\  of  your  last  issue,  I  would  say  that 
this  is  quite  an  old  device  for  summing  reciprocals.  Its  use 
for  combining  resistances  was  described  some  years  ago  in 
the  American  journal  Pnu-fr.  and  is  also  to  l)e  found  in 
I'eddie's  "Construction  of  Graphical  Charts."  It  is,  of 
course,  a  particular  example  of  the  monographic  diagram 
which  ^I.  Ocagne  brought  into  prominence  many  years  ago, 
and  of  which  a  large  number  has  appeared  in  American 
journals  from  time  to  time. 

It  may  be  noted  that  the  solution  of  this  problem  is  quite 
readily  effected  by  the  slide  rule,  only  one  movement  of  the 
slide  being  necessary. 

I  trust  this  information  may  save  ]\Ir.  Brown  expending 
fcrtlier  time  and  trouble  in  this  connection. 

C.  N.  Pickworth. 

AVithington,  Manchester,  Aiiril  Mh,  liilS. 


rrospects  in  Electrical  EDgineeringr. 

I  read  with  interest  Mr.  W.  J.  Ebben's  letter  in  the 
current  issue  of  your  paper,  and  as  a  former  teacher,  with 
many  years'  experience,  perhaps  you  will  allow  me  to  make  a 
few  remarks. 

In  London  at  present  the  "  system "  pursued  by  the 
London  County  Council  in  its  numerous  technical  institu- 
tions is  that  associated  with  the  name  of  Lancaster,  and  is 


as  follows  : — Number  of  students  x  hours  =  work  done 
])er  annum.  Anything  tending  to  reduce  this  product  is 
absolutely  "  taboo  "  at  present.  As  for  the  merits  of  this 
system,  they  have  already  been  dealt  with,  but  it  is  extra- 
ordinary to  find  a  system  exploded  many  years  ago  still 
rampant  in  London. 

Consequently  the  duty  of  the  teacher  is  clearly  to  impress 
on  all  the  students  that  the  special  system  of  teaching 
inaugurated  by  the  L.C.C.  is  for  the  express  purpose  of 
increasing  his  "  money -earnuig  capacity  " — a  matter,  no 
doubt,  of  great  importance  to  people  who  know  nothing  of 
education. 

T>'.  H.  F.  Murdoch,  B.Sc.,  M.I.E.E. 

Millhill,  Middlesex,  April  blh,  1013. 


Failure  to  Excite. 


I  should  like  to  suggest,  in  reply  to"  Speedometer,"  whose 
letter  appears  in  the  "  Correspondence  "  columns  of  your  current 
issue,  that  the  fact  that  his  generator  refuses  to  excite  itself 
when  run  up  to  speed  in  the  ordinary  way  may  be  due  to 
the  fact  that  one  of  the  field  connections  is  not  making  per- 
fect contact,  with  the  result  that  the  initial  low  voltage 
induced  by  what  is  at  first  only  remanent  magnetism  is  not 
high  enough  to  drive  any  more  current  through  the  shunt 
coils  than  is  already  passing,  and  that,  therefore,  the  field 
cannot  "  build  up." 

This  suggestion  is  supported  by  the  fact  that  the  machine 
runs  O.K.  as  a  motor. 

I  may  say  tliat  I  have  had  the  same  experience  on  more 
than  one  occasion,  and,  by  tightening  up  the  field  connec- 
tions after  scraping  them,  have  found  the  generator  quickly 
build  up  its  field. 

When  the  machine  was  run  as  a  generator  with  series 
turns  on  the  fields,  these  were  quite  possibly  opposing  and 
overcoming  the  small  effect  of  the  shunt  winding. 


C.  Y.  Pcake. 


Birmingham,  April  llh,  lUlo. 


Electric  Hcatin;;  and  Cooking  Apparatus. 

The  writer  of  the  article  under  the  above  title  in  your 
current  issue  states  that  my  "  Pygmy "  heater  consumes 
about  200  to  300  watts,  and  I  trust  you  will  allow  me  to 
correct  this  statement,  the  actual  consumption  being  from 
125  to  140  watts. 

Considerably  over  10,000  of  these  little  hot  plates  have 
now  been  sold,  and  whatever  the  technical  man  may  think 
of  them,  it  is  an  undoubted  fact  that  they  are  well 
appreciated  by  the  pubUc.  They  serve  as  a  useful  object 
lesson  in  electric  heating  and  cooking,  and  in  exciting  the 
interest  of  the  public  they  may  be  looked  upon  as  a  very 
useful  canvasser  for  bus'ncss  of  a  more  ambitious  nature. 

The  same  writer  states  that  the  quartz  type  of  element 
burns  out  very  readily,  and  I  think  that  his  experience 
cannot  have  been  obtained  from  apparatus  made  during  the 
last  two  years.  My  quartz  glowers  do  not  burn  out  very 
readily  unless  they  are  greatly  over-run,  and  the  only 
trouble  that  has  been  experienced  during  the  last  two  years 
has  been  with  heaters  used  on  alternating-current  circuits, 
such  trouble  not  being  due  to  the  burning  out  of  the 
elements,  but  to  failure  at  the  terminals.  This  latter  defect 
has  now  been  entirely  eliminated,  and  if  the  writer  of  the 
article  will  be  so  good  as  to  test  some  of  our  reeently-con- 
stracted  apparatus,  I  am  quite  -confident  that  he  will  be 
forced  to  adopt  an  entirely  favourable  view  as  to  its 
reliability. 

I  have  read  with  interest  your  editorial  remarks  on  the 
subject  of  the  electric  heating  of  rooms,  and  It  seems  to  me 
that  the  only  golden  rule  that  one  can  follow  in  connection 
with  the  design  of  apparatus  for  that  purpose,  is  to  imitate 
as  nearly  as  possible  the  appearance  nml  tcm/ierature  of  the 
glowing  coal  fire,  the  comfort  of  which,  so  far  as  physiological 
effect  is  concerned,  is  very  generally  admitted. 

In  the  course  of  the  recent  discussion  at  the  Yorkshire 
Local  Section  of  the  Institution  of  fjlectrical  F^ngineers,  on  the 
subject  of  electric  heating  and  rooking,  Mr.  H.  Vesger  said 
that  he  did  not  think  any  reasonable  man  would  suggest 


Vol.72.    No.  l.Kiti,  Ai'un,  11,  I9l:i. 


Till';    iiLKcruicAh   i!i-:vii;\v. 


ryn 


hcatiiif!;  a  house  with  rudiators  uiuler  present  conditioDK  of 
price  of  eiierf^'y,  l)iit  I  am  iircpured  to  demoimtnito  to  Mr. 
Ves<]j(!r  that  hciiLiiif^  by  electricity  at  (nie  |K!iiiiy  j)er  unit 
compares  very  favourably  indeed  with  heating'  by  ^'as  at 
8a.  per  1, ()()()  (ib.  ft.  provided  a<ie(|iiaLe  ventilation  is 
arraiif^ed  in  eacli  case.  The  open  coal  lin;  is  admittedly 
clieaiKJr  than  electricity  for  hcatinfj  continuously  an  ordinary 
liviufj;  room,  but  it  is  absolutely  useles.s  for  tcmjiorary 
hcatin<!:,  for  whicli  (electricity  can  practically  defy  coni- 
jxitition. 

Surely  tiie  facts  cannot  be  as  Mr.  Vesf,'er  would  like  us  to 
believe  !  The  tens  of  thousands  of  el('ctric  heaters  that  arc 
sold  every  year  arc  evidence  that  the  public  entertain  a 
contrary  opinion. 

C.  Ormo  Itastian. 

London,  H.C.,  Auril  1th,  i;)13. 


PARLIAMENTARY. 


Ucniotc  Control  by  Vibrations. 

Amonj;  other  interesting  matter,  your  issue  of  April  1th 
contains  descriptions  of  inventions  relating  to  "  Life 
Targets "  and  "  Wireless  Telephony  in  Muie«,"  botli  of 
which  include  apparatus  for  governing  a  local  circuit  by 
means  of  vibrations,  air  being  the  medium  in  the  first  case, 
and  ether  in  the  second. 

1  had  the  pleasure  in  December,  I'.IOT,  of  showing  you 
my  method  of  effecting  control  of  operations  at  a  distance 
without  solid  connections,  a  sound  being  received  on  that 
occasion  by  a  microphone  transmitter  in  series  with  a 
battery  and  the  primary  of  a  small  induction  coil,  the 
secondary  of  which  was  connected  to  the  magnet  illustrated 
on  page  !)(13  of  the  Electricai-  Rkview  of  December  13th, 
1907.  A  time  relay  was  combined  with  a  step-by-step 
motion  by  means  of  which  a  variety  of  actions  were  governed 
in  a  model  torpedo.  Without  the  time  relay,  the  apparatus 
responds  to  sudden  loud  noises  such  as  gunshots.  The 
corresponding  devices  described  in  your  last  issue  under  the 
head  of  "  Life  Targets,"  bear  some  resemblance  to  those 
previously  invented  by  me,  as  may  be  seen  from  a  reference 
to  your  article  of  December,  1907,  and  to  my  Patent 
Specification  No.  11,021  of  190G. 

Your  Mr.  (Jatchouse  may  recollect  that  a  curious  dis- 
covery was  made  at  the  time  of  his  inspection  of  my  instru- 
ments. A  common  deal  box  in  which  the  microphone  trans- 
mitter was  enclosed,  was  found  to  have  a  pronounced  natural 
period  of  its  own — about  275  v./s.  The  instruments  could 
i-ometimes  ha  caused  to  respond  to  the  pitch  of  the  box  when 
Mr.  Gatehouse  sang  the  appropriate  note. 

It  soon  became  obvious  to  me  that  my  membrane  might 
be  set  in  vibration  by  ether  waves  if  its  natural  period  were 
brought  into  correspondence  with  the  train  or  group 
fre(juency  of  such  waves.  In  this  case  the  alternations 
passing  through  the  magnet  under  the  membrane  were 
derived  from  a  receiving  aerial,  instead  of  a  microphone 
transmitter.  The  arrangement  is  the  subject  of  my 
Patent  12,1n:3  of  IDOC,  and  there  appears  to  be  little 
difference  between  it  and  the  call  device  described  in  your 
last  issue  under  the  head  of  "Wireless  Telephony  in 
Mines." 

J.  Gardner. 

Fleetwood,  April  bth,  1913. 

[In  our  article  we  pointed  out  that  "the  effect  could 
certainly  be  produced  by  other  means,"  having  in  mind 
fuch  devices  as  those  of  Mr.  Gardner's  invention. — 
EiJS.  Elec.  Rev] 


Beplacenient  of  Plant. 

I  should  be  glad  to  hear  if  any  readers  of  the  ELECTUiCAii 
R>;viEW  have  replaced  old  plant,  the  capital  of  which  has 
not  been  fully  paid  off,  out  of  their  invested  reserve  fund, 
and  if  they  have  found  any  difficulties,  legal  or  otherwise. 

R.  X.  Torpy, 
Boroitgli  Elcctr'ivul  £»ijim'vr. 
Electricity  Works. 
Tunbridge  Wells, 

April  Is/.  1913. 


Coventry  CorfMiration  Kill. 

A  Skm;ci  T'oniinittcc  of  th<;  IfoiiMi  of  (-'ominonM,  ynuMuX  over  by 
Mr.  H.  Law,  couHiflcn'd  thiH  Hill  on  April  '.'nd  and  :trd.  The  chief 
olijoct  nought  by  thi;  Hill  lind  nlation  to  the  wat<'r  Ropply,  bnt 
there  were  alno  cIuuhch  to  empower  thr  Corporation  to  run  motor- 
'buncH,  and  to  extend  the  ari-a  for  the  Hiipply  of  electriinty  no  iui  to 
include  thi;  pnrii<he«  of  All(»U;y,  Ilinli-y,  (;<>undon,  Kcrenlffy, 
Stonelei({li,  WiilHjjravo,  Willenhall  and  Wyken.  The  entimated 
expenditure  on  niotor-'liuHeH  waH  i;ll,2<i(i,  and  there  wan  a  further 
CHtimate  of  £:»,H00  for  the  erection  of  a  iraraKc.  Mr.  HntchinaoD, 
K.C.,  and  Mr.  .Iccvch  ap|)eared  for  the  proinotcru,  and  Mr.  Talbot, 
K.O.,  and  Mr.  Field  for  the  WarwickHhire  fJoonty  Council,  and  Mr. 
Maconachie  for  the  Leiccxtemhire  and  Warwickahire  Klectric 
Power  Co. 

The  Warwickchire  County  Council  opposed  the  runniof^  of  motor- 
'buRBB  over  the  main  county  roadR  outHidc  the  city,  and  after  a  con- 
Hultation  it  wa«  decided  to  withdraw  all  Huch  routes. 

The  County  Council  alBO  oppoBed  the  extension  of  the  area  for 
the  supply  of  electric  liirht,  on  the  pround  that  there  was  no  real 
necessity  for  such  extent-ion,  which,  if  granted,  mifrht  ultimately 
be  used  as  an  ari;ument  for  the  extension  of  the  city  boandaries. 

Mk.  HuTCHlN.'^o.v  announced  that  all  the  electricity  extensions 
would  be  withdrawn,  except  in  regard  to  a  part  of  Stoneleiffh 
parish  lyinpr  contieruous  to  the  existing  municipal  boundary. 

Mis.  Macon Acn IK  opposed  the  extension  of  the  electricity  supply 
powfrs  to  Stoneleiph,  and  called 

Mu.  Gko.  Bai.koik,  of  Hnlfour,  Beatty  iCo.Ltd.,  who  stated  that 
the  Leicestershire  A:  Warwickshire  Electric  Power  Co.  had  com- 
pleted a  trunk  line,  which  was  to  pro  riii  the  outskirts  of  Coventry 
to  Warwick  ;  and  he  was  aleo  making  a  contract  with  the 
Leamington  A:  Warwick  lUectric  Co.  to  .supply  them  with  power 
from  Hinckley.  The  company  intended  to  apply  for  a  provisional 
order  for  lighting,  and  would  be  prepared  to  supply  Stoneleigh. 

The  Committee  decided  to  allow  the  Corporation's  proposal  for 
extending  their  electric  lighting  area  to  the  part  of  Stoneleigh 
parish  defined. 

On  the  consideration  of  the  clauses.  Mr.  Maconachie,  on  behalf 
of  the  Leicestershire  and  Warwickshire  Electric  Power  Co.,  asked 
the  C<  mmittee  to  insert  a  clause  defining  the  position  of  the  Cor- 
poration in  regard  to  the  supply  of  electricity  in  Stoneleigh.  He 
pointed  out  that  under  the  company's  Act  of  1902  the  company 
was  debarred  from  supplying  electrical  energy  in  the  Coventry 
district  without  the  consent  in  writing  of  the  Coventry  Corporation, 
and  the  object  of  the  clause  was  to  make  it  perfectly  clear  that  the 
company  would  not  need  such  consent  when  they  exercised  their 
powers  to  f  upply  in  the  Stoneleigh  district. 

Mu.  Pkitchakd  (Parliamentary  agent  for  the  Corporation)  said 
no  such  protective  clause  was  necessary,  as  the  Bill  took  no  power 
to  extend  the  boundaries  of  the  city. 

The  Chairman  said  the  Conuuittee  would  allow  the  clause  of  the 
company,  although  they  thought  it  was  somewhat  superfluous. 
As  some  apprehension  appeared  to  exist  in  the  minds  of  the 
company,  they  would  grant  the  clause,  as  it  was  not  the  'ntention 
of  the  Ccmmittee  to  place  the  company  in  any  worse  position  with 
regard  to  the  area  in  qaettion. 

The  Bill  was  ordered  to  be  reported  for  third  reading. 


Dundee  Corporation  Hill.— This  Bill,  which  presumably  has 
for  its  object  the  widening  of  streets,  kc,  came  before  the  House 
of  Commons  Committee  on  Unopposed  Bills  on  -llh  inst.,  and  was 
ordered  to  be  reported  for  third  reading.  The  Bill  contains  esti- 
mates for  tramways  to  the  amount  of  £13,000.  To  meet  the 
wishes  of  the  Scottish  Office,  the  Corporation  inserted  a  clause  in 
the  Bill  providing  that  not  more  than  £1,000  in  any  one  year 
should  be  paid  from  the  tramway  receipts  to  the  relief  of  rates. 


LEGAL. 


Buckley  &  Beach    r.  National  Electric  Theatres,  Ltd. 

In  the  Court  of  Appeal  on  Wednesday,  April  2nd,  Lords  Justicee 
Vanghan  Williams  and  Hamilton  heard  an  interlocutory  appeal  in 
an  action  brought  by  plaintiffs,  electrical  engineers,  against  the 
defendants,  to  recover  moneys  alleged  to  be  due  in  respect  of  work 
done  and  materials  supplied  at  three  electric  theatres,  namely,  at 
York,  Hull,  and  Chatham. 

Mr.  TiND.vL  Atkinson,  for  the  plaintiffs,  said  that  his  clients 
appealed  from  an  order  of  Jlr.  Justice  Bucknill  in  chambers 
reversing  an  order  of  Master  Bonner.  In  October,  1910.  the 
plaintiff  and  the  defendants  entered  into  a  contract  under  which 
the  former  were  to  install  electric  light  in  defendants'  theatre  at 
York,  the  contract  price  being  between  £400  and  £.'>00.  The  work 
was  completed  in  July.  1911,  but  the  architect's  final  certificate 
was  not  given,  and  payment  was  not  made  until  October,  1911. 
Bather  more  than  12  ironths  after  completion  of  the  work  at  York, 
defendant®  suggested  that  there  were  defects,  and  the  dispute 
between  the  parties  was  whether  the  defects  were  due  to  the  faulty 
work  of  the  plaintiffs  originally,  or  whether  they  were  due.  as  the 


594 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,846,  Apkil  11,  1913. 


plaintiffs  allegred,  to  nepHgent  treatment  of  the  installation  by 
the  defendanti>'  servants.  Plaintiffs,  in  con8e<iuence  of  the 
complaint,  did  certain  work  at  the  York  theatre.  About  the  same 
time  they  also  did  some  work  at  the  defendants'  theatres  at 
Hull  and  Chatham.  Plaintiffs  instituted  proceedines,  claiming 
against  the  defendants  £H3  lis.  lOd.,  as  to  which  £18  :is.  related 
to  work  at  the  York  Theatre,  and  £1.5  8s.  lod.  to  work  at  the  other 
two  theatres.  A  letter  was  received  from  the  defendants,  com- 
plaining of  the  work  at  Hull,  and  saying  that  they  would  probably 
counterclaim  in  respect  of  it.  Eventually  two  .summons  came 
before  Master  Bonner,  one  by  the  plaintiffs  asking  for  summary 
judgment  under  Order  II,  and  the  other  by  the  defendants  asking 
that  the  proceedings  should  be  stayed  by  reason  of  an  arbitration 
clause  in  the  York  contract.  The  plaintiffs'  contention  was  that 
the  work  having  been  completed  under  that  contract  the  arbitra- 
tion clause  had  ceased  to  be  effective.  In  the  circumstance.^. 
Master  Bonner  remitted  the  whole  action  to  the  West  London 
County  Court.  That,  said  Counsel,  worked  no  injustice  upon  the 
defendants,  because  they  could  counterclaim  as  well  in  the  County 
Court  as  in  the  High  Court.  Twelve  days  afterwards,  after  the 
plaintiffs  had  entered  the  case  for  trial  in  the  County  Court, 
the  defendants  appealed  to  Mr.  .lustice  Bucknill.  The  appeal 
was  out  of  time,  but  the  learned  Judge  extended 
the  time  for  appealing  and  then  dealt  with  the  matter 
on  its  merits.  In  the  result  his  Lordship  reversed  the  Master's 
order,  stayed  the  whole  action  and  referred  the  dispute  to  arbitra- 
tion. Counsel  submitted  that  the  judge  was  wrong  in  making  such 
an  order.  In  the  first  place,  he  contended  that  the  arbitration 
clause  had  ceased  to  be  effective,  and  that  in  any  event  it  did  not 
cover  the  claim  for  the  work  at  Hull  and  Chatham,  ami  in  the 
second  place,  the  case  having  been  set  down  in  the  County  Court 
the  judge  had  no  jurisdiction  to  hear  the  appeal  at  all. 

Mr.  Pom.ock,  K.C,  who  appeared  with  Mr.  Nesvbolt  for  the 
respondents,  supported  the  judge's  order. 

LoRii  Ju.'^TiCE  Vauhhan  Williams  giving  judgment  allowing 
the  appeal,  said  that  when  Mr.  Justice  Bucknill  made  the  order  he 
had  no  jurisdiction  becau^  the  caufe  of  action  had  been  lodged  in 
the  County  Court  before  the  defendants  issued  theirsummons  asking 
for  an  extension  of  time  to  appeal. 

Lord  Justice  Hamilton  concurred.  He  thought  the  appeal 
succeeded  on  both  points. 

The  appeal  was  accordingly  allowed  with  costs,  and  the  order  of 
the  Master  restored. 


Trade  Marks. 


In  the  Chancery  Division  on  Friday,  April  4th,  before  Mr.  Justice 
Swinfen  Eady,  Mr.  Kerly  said  he  had  a  motion  on  behalf  of  the 
Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  by  way  of  an  appeal  from  the  decision 
of  the  Comptroller  of  Trade  Marks.  The  parties,  however,  said 
counsel,  had  made  arrangements  of  which  the  Comptroller 
approved,  and  he  proposed  in  these  special  circumstances  to  with- 
draw his  decision.  That  being  so,  he  (counsel)  asked  to  be  allowed 
to  withdraw  his  appeal. 
His  Lordship  granted  the  application. 


Electricity  Sipply  in  Westminster. 

In  the  House  of  Lords  on  Friday  last,  before  the  Lord  Chancellor 
and  Lords  Atkinson,  Shaw  and  Moulton,  judgment  was  given 
in  an  appeal  by  the  London  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd.,  to 
which  the  Westminster  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd.,  were 
respondents.  The  facts  and  arguments  were  fully  reported  in 
the  Electrical  Review  of  March  7th,  ante  pp.  377-378. 

Mr.  Danckwerts,  K.C,  Mr.  Buckmaster,  K.C,  and  Mr.  Austen 
Cartmell  appeared  in  support  of  the  appeal.  Sir  Robert  Finlay. 
K.C  ,  Mr.  Younger,  K.C,  and  Mr.  W.  S.  Kennedy  for  the  respondents. 

The  Lord  Chancellor,  in  the  course  of  his  judgment,  said  that 
the  case  appeared  to  him  to  be  not  unattended  with  difficulty,  but 
he  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  judgment  appealed  againct 
could  not  stand.  The  question  was  whether  the  agreement  of  1910 
was,  as  held  by  th-;  Courts  below,  one  under  which  the  respondents 
were  at  liberty  to  manage  the  undertaking  of  the  appellants  within 
the  Westminster  area  with  the  same  freedom  as  they  could  have 
done  had  they  been  out  and  out  purcha.=er8  for  their  own  benefit. 
Put  less  abstractly,  were  the  respondents  left  free  to  reduce  the 
working  of  that  undertaking  by  soliciting  persons,  who  wire 
entitled  to  apply,  and  did  apply,  to  the  appellants  to  supply  them 
with  electricity,  to  take  their  supply  from  the  respondents  irsteid  .' 
Were  they  further  at  liberty  as  between  themselves  and  the 
appellents,  to  say  to  those  who,  under  the  terms  of  the  appellants' 
Provisional  Order  of  ISx'J,  were  entitled  to  claim  a  supply  from  the 
appellants,  and  subsequently  to  the  agreement  did  so  claim,  that 
they,  the  respondeuts,  had  acquired  the  right  to  manage  the  appel- 
lants' undertaking  a-*  well  as  their  own,  had  an  option  to  tell  these 
persons  which  supply  they  should  have  .'  In  order  to  understand 
the  meaning  of  the  agreement,  it  was  necessary  to  remember  th-; 
state  of  legislation  affecting  these  companies  when  the  agreement 
was  made.  Sec.  li  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act,  1882,  had  pro- 
hibited such  companies  from  divesting  themselves  of  their  legal 
powers  and  liabilities  as  imposed  by  that  Act,  without  the  consent 
of  the  Board  of  Trade.  The  objp.ct  was  to  maintain  competition 
and  avoid  monopoly.  The  provisional  orders  of  the  appellants  and 
the  respondents,  which  were  mp.de  in  1889,  and  were  confirmed  by 
Parliament,  accordingly  prohibited  them  from  purchasing  or 
acquiring  the  undertakings  of,  or  from  associating  themselves  with, 
any   other  company   or   person   supplying    electricity    under  any 


licence,  provisional  order,  or  special  Act  within  London,  unless 
authorised  by  Parliament.  In  1908  l>y  the  London  Electric  Supply 
Act  of  that  year  they  were  authorised  to  enter  into  and  carry 
into  effect,  with  the  approval  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  any  agreement 
for  mutual  assistance  or  for  association  with  each  other  in  regard 
to,  among  other  things,  the  giving  and  taking  of  a  supply  of 
electricity,  and  the  distribution  and  supply  of  electricity  so  taken, 
and  for  the  management  and  working  of  any  part  of  their  under- 
takings. It  was  to  be  observed  that  this  permission  did  not  in  terms 
authorise  purch.-ise  or  transfer.  Sec.  11  of  the  Act  of  1882,  and  the 
orders  of  1889,  remained  standing  except  so  far  as  the  words  of  the 
Act  of  1908  relaxed  their  stringency.  Sec.  11  was,  indeed,  after- 
wards repealed  by  Sec.  14  of  the  Electric  L'ghting  Act,  1909,  but 
its  substance  was  re-enacted  by  the  same  section  in  rather  more 
stringent  terms.  Under  these  circumstances,  the  two  companies 
negotiated,  and  the  Board  of  Trade  approved,  the  agreement  in 
question.  It  was  dated  May  4th,  1910,  and  consisted  of  21  articles. 
His  Lordship  then  referred  to  Article  2,  which  provided  that  the 
appellants  were  to  place  their  undertaking  in  the  hands  of  the 
respondents  during  the  continuance  of  the  agreement  ;  to  Articles 
3  and  4  which  referred  to  the  upkeep  of  existing  mains  and  the 
cost  of  extensions  ;  to  Article  9,  reading  of  meters  and  collecting 
accounts,  and  Article  II,  by  which  the  respondents  were,  in  a 
proper  and  eflBcient  manner,  to  fulfil  and  comply  with  all  the  con- 
ditions and  re(iuirements  in  respect  of  supply  to  which  the 
appellants  were  or  might  be  subject  within  the  area,  and  were  to 
indemnify  the  appellants  against  claims  for  default  of  supply. 
Turning  to  Article  13,  he  said  the  appellants  were  to  feupply  to  the 
respondents  such  amount  of  alternating  current  as  might  be 
required  for  enabling  the  respondents  to  supply  all  the  require- 
ments of  the  appellants'  consumers  for  alternating  current  within  the 
area,  and  of  all  such  other  consumers  within  the  area,  as  might  be 
required  for  enabling  the  respondents  to  supply  their  own  customers 
with  current  within  the  area.  By  Article  15,  the  respondents 
were  to  pay  to  the  appellants  in  each  year  until  1931  the  fixed 
annual  sura  therein  mentioned,  and,  if  the  statutory  purchasing 
authority  did  not  purchase  the  undertaking  in  that  year,  a  reduced 
annual  payment  thereafter  until  such  purchase.  By  Article  Ifi,  the 
price  to  be  paid  to  the  appellants  by  the  purchasing  authority 
was  to  go  exclusively  to  them  and  the  respondents  were 
to  make  up  the  amount  payable  for  the  portion  of  the  undertaking 
within  the  area  to  £100,000  should  it  fall  short  of  that  sum.  By 
Article  17,  the  respondents  were,  in  addition  to  the  annual  pay- 
ments already  mentioned,  to  pay  the  appellants  for  eltctricity 
supplied  under  the  agreement  #2,000  a  year  to  meet  certain  stand- 
ing charges  and  "SSd.  for  each  Board  of  Trade  unit  of  electricity 
supplied.  He  also  read  Articles  19  and  20.  The  Lord  Chancellor, 
continuing,  said  he  agreed  that  the  agreement  must  be  read  as  a 
whole  and  its  real  substance  sought  for.  It  seemed  to  him  that  the 
construction  sought  to  be  placed  upon  the  powers  conferrtd  by 
the  .agreement  upon  the  respondents  could  not  be  upheld.  He  did 
not,  however,  think  it  necessary  to  grant  an  injunction  at  prefent. 
It  would  be  sufficient,  looking  to  the  circumstances,  to  give  libtrty 
to  apply  in  the  action  if  such  an  io junction  or  other  relief  should 
prove  necessary.  He  had  had  the  advantage  of  considering  the 
declarations  suggested  in  the  judgment  about  to  be  delivered  by 
Lord  Moulton,  and  he  thought  that  the  wording  he  propcsed,  with 
the  addition  of  liberty  to  apply,  was  the  proper  form  for  such 
declarations  to  take.  Accordingly,  he  moved  that  the  appeal  should 
be  allowed,  and  as  the  respondents  had  been  substantially  wrong, 
they  must  pay  the  costs  there  and  below. 

Lord  Atkinson  concurred. 

Lord  Shaw  read  a  judgment  to  the  like  effect. 

Lord  Moulton  then  read  an  exhaustive  judgment  dealing  with 
the  course  of  legislation,  the  agreement,  and  the  grounds  for  the 
conclusion  at  which  he  had  arrived.  He  said  that  the  appeal 
raised  points  of  general  importance,  as  well  as  issues  affecting  only 
the  parties  to  the  suit.  For  the  sake  of  clearness,  it  would  be 
well  to  deal  with  matters  in  chronological  order.  His  Lordship 
referred  to  the  Act  of  1882,  the  Act  which  still  formed  the  basis 
of  the  legislation  applicable  to  the  subject,  and  said  that  no 
practical  action  took  place  under  that  statute,  because  of  the 
shortness  of  the  term  which  Parliament  then  was  willing  to  give 
undertakers  of  electric  lighting  enterprises.  By  the  Act  of  1888, 
things  were  made  more  favourable,  and  many  applications  for 
provisional  orders  covering  various  areas  of  London  were  made  in 
1889,  and  among  them  those  of  the  plaintiffs  and  the  defendants. 
Tne  plaintiffs'  area  was  a  very  large  one,  and  extended  on  both 
sides  of  the  Thames.  It  included  the  district  of  Westminster. 
The  system  of  supply  was  an  alternating  current  generated  at  a 
station  outside  the  ares,  the  energy  being  transmitted  at  very  high 
pressure  to  the  districts  of  supply,  and  there  transformed  down  to 
a  low  pressure.  In  1908  it  was  felt  that  difficulties  of  establishing 
generating  stations  in  populous  districts,  and  the  advantages  of  prc- 
ducing  on  a  large  scale,  and  with  large  units  of  machinery,  rendered 
it  advisable  to  make  some  concessions  in  the  provisions  aimed 
against  monopoly  in  the  statute  of  1882  and  1889,  and  accordingly 
the  Act  of  1908  was  passed  to  allow  authorised  undertakers  of 
electric  lighting  to  enter  into  arrangements  as  to  certain  matters 
with  other  electric  supply  companie".  It  was  under  the  powers  of 
that  Act  that  on  May  4th,  1910,  the  parties  to  this  suit  entered 
into  the  agreement  out  of  which  this  action  arose.  The  differences 
relative  to  the  mear.ing  and  effect  of  that  agreement  might 
be  summed  up  in  two  plain  issues.  First,  the  Wtstminster  Co, 
claimed  the  right  to  use  all  means  in  its  power,  whether  in 
the  form  of  persuasion  or  by  the  exercise  of  powers  possessed  by 
it  under  and  by  virtue  of  the  agreement,  or  the  statutes  regulating 
the  undertakings,  to  detach  customers  from  the  London  Co.  and 
transfer  them  to  the  Westminster  Co. ;  and,  secondly,  the  West- 
minster Co.  claimed   the  right  to  refuse  to  give  alternating  current 


Vol.  72.     No,  l,H4i;,  ArRiL  11,  lOlH. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW, 


G90 


I'rom  the  London  Co.  m  mains  to  iniimborM  of  the  |iublic  huvin);  a 
rit^ht  to  bu  Bupplied   by  that  company,  and  to  compel  them  to  take 
the  WestminHter  (Jo.'s  continuouH  current  if  they  wiHhcd  to  nioeive 
a  supply  of  electric  enerify   at  all.     The  firhl  ((uestion,  therefore, 
wan,  What  were  the  powerH  and  duties  of  the  Westminster  Co.  with 
reifard    to    that    part  of  tho  London  ('o.'h  undortakin(f  which  was 
situated   in  the  Westininster  area  .'     Tho.fe  powers  and  duties  could 
only  have   been  acijuired  by  the  WcBtniinster  Co.  in   virtue  of  th(! 
existence  of  corre.spondintr  provisions  in  the  otrrcement.      Those 
provisions  must  be  within  the  powers  given  in  the  London  Klectric 
Supply    Act,   IDOS.   for,  apart  from  that  Act,   no   such    powers  or 
duties  could  have  been  aciiiiired  by  the  one  company  with  regard  to 
the   undertakinpf  of  the  other,  either   by  agreement  or  otherwise. 
Ilis  Lordship  said   that  this  was  evident  by  the  chain  of  statutory 
enactments,  which  he  proceeded   to  consider  at  some  length,  begin- 
ning with  Sec.  U    of  the  Act  of    KS.S2,  and  tracing  the  changes,  as 
referred   to  by   the  Lord  Chancellor,  brought  about   by  the  subse- 
quent statutes.     He  referred  to  Sec.  4  in  each  of  the  Provisional 
Orders  under  which  the  companies  respectively  worked  their  under- 
takings,  which    provided   that    "  the   undertakers  shall   not   pur- 
chase or  acquire  the  undertaking  of,   or  associate  themselves  with, 
any  other  company  or  person  supplying  energy  under  any  licence, 
provisional  order,  or  special  Act  within  the  Administrative  County 
of  London,  unless  the  undertakers  are  authorised  by  Parliament  to 
do  so."      Before   examining  the  agreement  of  May  4th,   1910,  in 
detail,    it    was    necessary    to    state    shortly     the    position    of 
the     two     companies     with     respect     to     the     nature     of      the 
supply    that    they   were    respectively    authorised   and   compelled 
to  give  to  the  public.     The  Westminster  had  from  the  first  sought, 
and  obtained,  powers  to  supply  to  the  public  low-tension  continuous 
current  only.     From  the  first  the  London  had  adopted  the  alternate 
current  as  its  form  of  supply,  and  down  to  the  year  l!t05  it  was  not 
authorised  to  give  any  other  form.    In  June  of  that  year  it  obtained 
powers  for  an  additional  system—namely,  an  extra-high-pressure 
alternating-current  supply    to    motor-generators   placed    in    sub- 
stations erected  above  the  ground,  and  from  those  motor-generators 
a  continuous- current  low-pressure  supply  to  the  public  by  means  of 
conductors   on    the   three-wire  system.     But  although   they   had 
acquired  such  powers,  they  availed  themselves   of  them  only  in 
districts  south  of  the  Thames.     In  \Vestminster,  for  instance,  they 
neither  installed  the  requisite  motor-generators  nor  laid  down  any 
mains  for  such  supply,  which  required  separate  mains  of  a  different 
construction  to  the  company's  mains  in  that  area.     It  followed, 
therefore,  that  in  the  Westminster  area  they  remained  as  they  had 
been  from  the  commencement — a  company  supplying  to  the  public 
alternating  current  only.   His  Lordship  then  referred  to  the  recitals 
in  the  agreement,  and  said  that  the  main  provisions  which  dealt 
with  the  "giving  and  taking  of  currents"  were  to  be  found  in 
Clauses  13  and  14.    The  monetary  terms  of  the  agreement  were  as 
follows  :-7-The  Westminster  Co.   was  to  take  the   whole  of   the 
customers'   payments,    i.e.,   the    entire    revenue    produced    by  the 
London  Co.  in  the  Westminster  area.     In  return  it  made  a  fixed 
annual  payment  of  an  amount  to  be  ascertained  once  for  aU  in  a 
manner  specified  in  the  agreement.     It  was  argued  by  the  parties 
that  this  had  been  done,  and  that  the  sum  so  ascertained  amounted 
to  £21,735   per  annum.      It    also    paid    for    all  the    alternating 
current  supplied  by  the  London  Co.  under  the  agreement  at  the 
rate    of  VSSd.  per   unit.      And,    finally,    it    paid    £2,000    to    the 
London    Co.    to    meet    the     standing    charges     of     the    London 
Co.     for     the     maintenance,      renewal     and      upkeep     of     the 
works  handed  over  to  the  Westminster  Co.  under  the  agreement. 
It  then  came  to  be  considered  the  bearing  of  the  various  recitals  he 
had  referred  to  on  the  points  at  issue  between  the  parties.     With 
reference  to  the  first  question — What  was  the  effect  of  the  West- 
minster Co.  taking  over  the  "management  and  working"  of  the 
London  Co.'s  undertaking  in  Westminster  .' — in   his  opinion,  the 
words  must  be  taken  to  mean  just  what  they  did  in  the  Act  of 
1908,  under  which  the  agreement  was  made,  and  which  it  pur- 
ported to  put  into  practice.     The  company,  like  an  individual,  were 
bound  to  manage  and  work  the  business  with  reasonable  care  and 
sk'll   and   with   an   honest  regard  to  the   interest  of  the   parties 
entrusting  them  with  it.     He  had  no  doubt   that  it  was  in  this 
sense  that  the  words  were  used   in   the  permissive  section  of  the 
Act  of  190!?,  and  this  must  prevail  in  agreements  made  to  carry 
into  effect  the    powers  so  granted.    The  power  to  allow  another 
company  to  manage  and  work  an  undertaking  which  was  rendering 
services  to  the  public  did  not  mean  that  it  might  be  put  into  hos- 
tile hands  to  be  strangled.     If,  therefore,  the  language  of  other 
parts  of  the  agreement  were  such  as  to  compel  their  Lordships  to 
give  to  these  words  the  meaning  contended  for  by  the  respondents, 
a  serious  question  would  arise  as  to  whether  the  agreement  was 
not  self- contradictory  or  in  the    alternative  was  not    idti-d  rires. 
But  he  could  see  nothing  in  the  language  of  the  agreement  which 
gave  rise  to  difficulties  of  that  sort.     His  Lordship  then  examined 
the  arguments  of  the  defendants  on  this  head.    They  claimed,  inter 
alia,  that  the  London  Co.  had  no  further  interest  in  the  under- 
taking— its  sole  asset  was  the  annual  payment  of  £21,735  and  the 
guarantee  as  to  the  purchase  price,  and  that,  therefore,  it  was  the 
intention  of  the  parties  that  the  defendants  should  do  what  they 
liked  with  the   undertaking,  avoiding,  of  course,  violation  of  the 
statutes.     But  it  could  not  be  assumed  that  if  fairly  worked  and 
managed  by  the  defendants,  the  plaintiffs'  undertaking  might  not 
fetch    a    higher    sum    than    £100,000,    and    he    did    not    think 
that  the    defendants'    contention    was  sound,   that  the    arrange- 
ment   meant     that,     on     their     undertaking     to     pay     £21,735 
per    annum  and  to  guarantee  a  purchase  price  of  £100,000,  they 
obtained   the    privilege  of   getting  rid    of  a   competitor    so    far 
and  so  soon  as  they  could  do  so  without  violating  statutory  obliga- 
tions.     That  was  not,  in  his  opinion,  a  fair  exercise  of  the  per- 
mission to  allow  companies  to  associate  or  give  mutual  assistance 


in  the  inaiiiiifenient  and  working  of  thpir  undertaking!-  or  a  f»lr 
interpretation  of  the  language  of  the  t^linemeui  itiu-lf. 

The  second  <|ueHtion  wan  whether  the  W<iitminiiter  Co.,  m 
managing  and  working  the  I/ondon  (-'o.'ii  undcrtakitiK.  wan  enlitl«d 
to  refuse  to  givn  a  Hupidy  of  alternating  current  to  owner*  and 
occupiers  applying  to  that  company  for  it,  and  entitled  Ui  a  Hupply 
of  electric  energy  from  that  company,  lie  thought  the  one  iiimpl*! 
and  decisive  answer  to  that  'lacxtion  won  thin.  The  London  Co. 
WOH  bound  to  give  to  inch  owner  or  occupier  a  Hupply  of  alternating 
current,  because  it  could  give  no  other.  It  hiui  never  taken  the 
necessary  steps  to  (|ualify  itwelf  in  the  Westiiiinster  area  for 
distributing  continuous  current,  ••ither  by  laying  the  r<'<juiidt4? 
mains  or  erecting  the  stipulated  generating,  or,  rather,  tranii- 
forming  plant,  i.<\,  the  motor-generators.  It  wae  abundantly  clear 
that  an  electric  lighting  corjioration  could  only  give  its  statutory 
supply  from  its  own  mains.  The  order  was  full  of  provisionH  an 
to  the  responsibility  of  the  company  for  the  conditions  of  its 
mains,  the  preparation  of  maps  of  those  mains,  which  were  to  be 
open  to  the  public  for  insiiection,  and  so  forth.  All  th<-«e  pre- 
cautions were  for  the  benefit  of  owners  and  occupiers  who  were 
entitled  to  a  supply  from  the  company.  The  whole  of  these  provisions 
would  be  evaded  if  the  company  could  refuse  to  connect  a  would-be 
consumer  with  its  own  mains  and  force  him  to  take  his  supply  from 
some  other  source.  It  followed,  therefore,  that  the  London  Co.  had 
no  power  to  give  a  statutory  supply  of  continuous  current  in  the 
Westminster  area,  because  it  had  laid  no  mains  for  the  purpose,  and, 
indeed,  had  done  nothing  to  enable  it  to  make  use  of  the  additional 
system  of  supply  which  it  used  in  some  parts  of  its  area  south  of 
the  Thames.  His  Lordship,  having  referred  to  what  he  characterise*! 
as  the  "curious  process  of  reasoning"  by  which  the  defendants 
seemed  to  have  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  the  London  Co.  might 
distribute  continuous  current  to  the  public  in  Westminster — namely, 
that,  as  managers  of  the  London  Co.'s  undertaking,  they  were 
entitled,  as  against  the  public,  to  call  the  mains  of  the  Westminster 
Co.  London  Co.'s  mains,  which  he  considered  wholly  unsupported  by 
anything  in  the  agreement,  said  : — 

It  follows,  therefore,  that  in  both  of  these,  their  main  conten- 
tions, the  Westminster  Co.  have  been  in  the  wrong.  It  remains  to 
consider  what  should  be  the  relief  given  by  this  House  in  the  cir- 
cumstances of  this  case.  It  is  not  necessary  to  grant  any  injunction. 
as  there  is  no  reason  to  think  that  the  defendants  will  fail  to  act 
in  accordance  with  their  obligations  when  these  have  been  duly 
declared.     I  should  suggest  the  following  declarations  : — 

1.  That  it  may  be  declared  that  the  defendants  in  managing  and 
working  the  plaintiffs'  undertaking  in  the  Westminster  area  are 
bound  to  do  the  same  with  reasonable  care  and  skill,  and  with  due 
regard  to  the  interests  of  the  London  Co.  therein. 

2.  That  it  may  be  declared  that  according  to  the  true  construction 
of  the  said  agreement  of  May  4th,  1910,  the  defendants  are  aa 
between  themselves  and  the  plaintiffs  bound,  if  required  so  to  do  by 
the  plaintiffs,  to  supply  electric  energy  by  means  of  the  plaintiffs' 
alternating  current  to  any  consumer,  or  proposing  consumer,  in  the 
Westminster  area  who  applies  to  the  plaintiffs  for  a  supply  of 
electric  energy,  and  is  entitled  to  receive  from  them  a  supply  of  the 
same,  and  whose  application  is  duly  forwarded  by  the  plaintiffs  to 
the  defendants  for  execution,  and  to  do,  and  permit  to  be  done,  aU 
acts  and  things  necessary  for  furnishing  such  customer  with  the 
plaintiffs'  alternating  current. 

The  defendants  should  pay  the  costs  of  the  actions  and  the 
appeals. 

HaRRLS    '•.  HCLTON 

In  the  City  of  London  Court,  on  Tuesday,  before  his  Honour  Judge 
Lumley  Smith,  K.C.,  a  claim  was  made  by  Mr.  Corbin  Harris,  the 
liquidator  of  the  Oro  Light  and  General  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  3»;,  Cock 
Lane,  Snow  Hill,  B.C.,  to  recover  £2  17s.  4d.  against  Messrs.  K.  P. 
Hulton  &  Co.,  electrical  engineers,  lO'J,  Great  Eastern  Street,  E.C., 
for  electric  lamps  supplied  last  year.  The  claim  was  admitted,  but 
the  defendants  raised  a  set  off  for  £3  18s.  6d.,  alleging  that  the 
lamps  were  useless. 

Defendants'  solicitor  stated  that  the  defendants  re<iuired  72 
105-volt  electric  lamps  for  use  at  the  Picture  Palace,  Windsor. 
The  defendants  had  to  return  them,  because  the  caps  were  loose,  and 
defendants  had  to  get  others  at  a  cost  of  the  sum  now  counter- 
claimed  for. 

Defendants'  manager  said  the  plaster  that  held  the  cap  became 
loose,  and  they  were  useless. 

Mb.  Harris,  the  plaintiff,  said  he  was  formerly  the  chairman  of 
the  Oro  Light  Co.  He  received  the  order  in  question.  Every  lamp 
was  tested  before  it  was  sent  out  and  found  to  be  quite  satis- 
factory. That  was  the  only  complaint  which  they  had  had.  If 
the  lamps  were  put  in  the  damp,  such  as  outside  a  picture  palace, 
they  would  be  injured,  because  the  cap  was  fixed  on  with  plaster 
of  paris.  If  the  lamps  were  to  be  put  outside  they  ought  to  be  put 
in  a  proper  casement.  That  was  usual  ;  otherwise  they  had  to  be 
fixed  on  with  gutta-percha.  That  was  the  only  way  of  resisting 
the  wet.  The  lamps  in  question  went  wrong  because  they  were  put 
outside  the  picture  palace.  They  might  have  been  spoilt  by  too 
strong  a  voltage  being  used. 

Judge  Lumley  Smith  :  My  voltage  is  200.  I  expect  the  lamps 
to  stand  that. 

Witness  :  If  you  put  a  150-volt  lamp  on  to  your  200  voltage  it 
will  soon  smash  the  lamp. 

Judge  Lumley  Smith  thought  the  plaintiffs'  lamps  ought  to 
have  lasted  some  time  without  going  to  pieces  as  they  had  done 
Plaintiff  said  it  must  be  due  to  exposure.  He  would  have  thoug-ht 
that  electric  lamps  ought  to  go  outside  as  well  as  inside.  He  did 
not  see  why  they  should  not  if  properly  made.  He  was  dispoied  to 
think  the  defendants  had   made  out  their  case.    They  could  not 


6£6 


THE    ELECTRICAL    KEVIEW,        [Voi.  72.  no.  i.sif,,  aphil  11, 1913. 


recover  anything  in  that  case,  but  the  plaintifTs  could  not  recover 
any  of  their  claim.  Defendants  would  set  off  the  amount  of  the 
plaintiffs'  claim,  and  defendants  could  claim  the  rest  in  the 
plaintiff  company's  litiuidation.     It  was  not  a  case  for  costs. 


Post  Office  Telephone  Grievances. 

The  Postmaster-General,  Mr.  Herbert  Samuel,  8u6d  Mr.  W.  .). 
Macmanus.  2t),  Agate  Road,  Hammersmith,  on  Tuesday,  in  the  City 
of  London  Court,  for  £2  (is.,  the  return  of  telephone  apparatus  and 
telephone  calls  due. 

JIk.  Allsoi'P,  plaintiff's  solicitor,  said  that  the  defendant  entered 
into  an  agreement  to  have  the  telephone  service  in  September,  1910. 
The  period  expired  and  he  would  not  return  the  apparatus  without 
the  Court's  order. 

Defendant  said  he  had  the  telephone  on  .January  18th,  1912. 
and  from  the  moment  of  the  installation  there  had  been  nothing 
but  trouble.  Xo  proper  instrument  and  no  proper  service  had  ever 
been  given  him.  The  workmen  were  never  out  of  the  house.  There 
had  been  one  incessant  series  of  complaints.  The  telephone  was 
absolutely  necessary  to  his  business,  and,  bad  as  it  was,  he  had  to 
put  up  with  it,  as  it  was  no  earthly  use  to  argue  with  the  Post  Office 
Department.  Then  he  was  sent  a  fresh  agreement  for  the  old 
apparatus,  and  he  objected.  He  had  always  been  prepared  to  pay 
his  rent.    The  agreement  was  most  inequitable. 

Judge  Ldmley  S.mith  said  he  had  b^en  expecting  it  to  be 
taken  to  the  Court  of  Appeal,  bat  no  one  had  done  it  yet. 

Defendant  added  that  the  service  made  his  place  more  like  a 
comic  scene  in  a  pantomime  than  a  business  house.  On  the  last 
day  of  the  service  it  took  him  32  minutes  to  get  through  to  the 
exchange. 

Judge  Lumley  Smith  said  the  defendant  only  owed  2s  8d.  for 
fees.  He  would  have  to  pay  that,  and  £1  16s.  5d.  in  respect  of 
the  apparatus.  The  latter  money  would  not  be  payable  if  he  gave 
up  the  apparatus.    Judgment  accordingly. 


Compensation  Case. 


At  the  Rochdale  County  Court,  on  Friday.  Mr.  R.  D.  Mattky, 
representing  Mrs.  Eli^a  IJrierley,  103,  Peel  Street,  Rochdale,  applied 
to  Deputy  Judge  Leresche,  for  an  order  directing  Messrs.  R.  A;  T. 
Howarth,  contractors,  of  Royds  Street,  to  pay  £275 — an  agreed 
sum — as  compensation  on  account  of  the  death  of  her  husband. 
Mr.  Mattley  said  the  husband  was  employed  by  Mr.  Geo.  F. 
Endersby,  a  contractor,  to  whom  Messrs.  R.  &  T.  Howarth  had  sub- 
let certain  work  in  connection  with  an  extension  at  the  Rochdale 
Corporation  Electricity  Works.  Whilst  working  there  on 
January  3rd.  Brierley,  who  was  a  journeyman  joiner,  fell  from 
scaffolding  and  died  the  same  day  from  the  effects  of  the  injuries 
he  received.  The  respondents  had  served  notices  for  the  purpose  of 
being  indemnified  by  Mr.  Endersby.  Mrs.  Brierley,  however,  was 
entitled  to  an  award. 

The  JiDCE  awarded  Mrs.  Brierley  £27."),  and,  on  the  application 
of  Mr.  Mattley,  he  granted  her  an  immediate  payment  of  £25,  and 
made  an  order  for  her  to  receive  the  remainder  at  the  rate  of  £3  a 
month. 

Messrs.  R.  \;  T.  Howarth  then  claimed  to  be  indemnified  by 
Mr.  Endersby  for  the  amount  they  have  to  pay  Mrs.  Brierley. 
Dr.  Atkinson  (instructed  by  Mr.  C.  B.  Hudson)  represented 
Messrs.  R.  i  T.  Howarth,  and  Mr.  Acton  (instructed  by  Mr.  J. 
Bright  Clegg)  appeared  for  Mr.  Endersby. 

At  the  Invitation  of  the  Judge,  counsel  went  into  his  private 
room.  On  returning  into  court,  his  Honour  said  the  case  could  not 
be  finished  that  day,  and  he  did  not  think  it  should  be  commenced 
and  left  for  another  judge — who  might  be  sitting  at  the  next 
court- — to  finish.  The  adjourning  of  the  case  might  also  enable  the 
parties  to  come  to  some  arrangement. 

All  engaged  in  the  case  agreed  to  it  being  adjourned  to  May  23r<l. 
It  was  accordingly  adjourned  to  that  date. 


a  disturbance  on  the  system  occurring,  which  would  cause  potential 
difference  between  the  neutral  point  and  earth,  the  disk  would  be 
pierced,  and  the  neutral  point  thereby  automatically  earthed. 

3.  In  the  third  pnsition,  the  neutral  point  is  earthed  direct,  and  in 
this  position  the  disk  box  can  be  conveniently  removed  for  inspection 
or  replacement  (fig.  1). 

The  principal  demand  for  this  arrangement  is  from  those  systems 
where  the  neutral  point  is  earthed  at  the  power  station  and,  in 
accordance  with  the  Board  of  Trade  regulations,  it  must  ?io/  be 
permanently  earthed  at  any  other  part  of  the  system. 

It  may  so  happen  that  main  switches  are  open,  and  certain  parts 
of  the  system  become  isolated  from  the  section  where  the  neutral 
point  is  earthpd.  At  the  same  time,  the  sections  whose  neutrals 
are  thereby  insulated  remain  in  commission,  possibly  on  account  of 


Fic.  I.  Fig., 2. 

Revholle  Automatic  EAETHiNCr  Device. 

step-up  transformers,  or  becanse  they  are  connected  to  another 
power  station.  When  such  a  contingency  occurs,  the  use  of  the 
above  earthing  device  at  the  neutral  point  of  the  static  transformers 
provides  for  automatic  earthing,  and,  in  the  event  of  an  accident, 
for  instance,  an  earth  on  one  phase  occurring,  the  device  would 
ensure  the  proper  operation  of  the  main  switches,  and  so  avoid  the 
risks  which  might  be  attendant  upon  a  line  conductor  being 
accidentally  earthed  on  what  would  be,  but  for  the  use  of  the 
earthing  device,  an  insulated  system. 

As  a  safety  device,  the  arrangement  has  a  further  use  in  a 
modified  form  on  the  secondary  of  step-down  static  transformers, 
in  those  cases  where  it  is  necessary  to  provide  some  means  for 
isolating  the  static  transformer  in  the  event  of  a  failure  of  the 
transformer  occurring,  which  would  tend  to  raise  the  potential  of 
the  secondary,  for  instance,  a  contact  between  primary  and 
secondary  winding. 

Focusing  Rpflector  Lamp. 

The  object  of  the  British  Thomson-HoustonCo  ".s  new  concen- 
trated-filament "Mazda''  lamp  is  to  get  a  filament  approximating 
as  closely  as  possible  to  the  theoretical  point  source  of  light.    The' 


NBW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 


Automatic  Earthins:  Device. 

A  new  pattern  of  disk  type  earthing  device,  made  by  Messrs.  A, 
Reyholle  A;  Co..  LTD,  is  illustrated  herewith.  It  consists  of  an 
isolating  switch  combined  with  a  paper  disk  earthing  device.  The 
latter  part  is  of  special  interest  at  the  moment,  particularly  in  view 
of  the  discussion  which  followed  the  paper  recently  read  before  the 
Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  by  Mr.  J.  S.  Peck. 

It  consists  of  a  paper-insulating  disk  A,  fig  1,  which  can  be  made 
of  any  thickness  or  material  according  to  the  voltage  at  which  it  is 
required  to  spark  over.  The  terminals  t  are  enclosed  in  an  insulated 
box  B,  and  dropped  into  a  carrier  c.  The  carrier  is  in  the  form  of 
a  changeover  switch,  so  arrange<i  that  when  the  disk  Is  temporarily 
removed  a  direct  earth  connection  takes  its  place.  It  is,  therefore, 
possible  to  haye  three  positions  :  — 

1.  I-iolatiog  switch  open,  in  which  position  the  neutral  point  is 
insulated. 

2.  The  isolating  switch  closed,  insulating  disk  in  place  (fig.  2).  Ift 
this  position  the  neutral  point  is  again  insulated,  but  in  the  event  of 


Fk; 


3. — B.T.H.  "Ma/.da"  La.mi'  with  Concentrated 
Filament 


) 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,84<;,  Apkil  U,  191.H. 


THE    Mr.ECTllICAL    REVIi^nV. 


5ii7 


lamp  in  moilo  in  three  si/.es — 60  watts,  100  watts  and  200  watts — 
and  in  voltatfe»  ranKinpr  from  12  to  200.  The  filament  in  made  of 
drawn  timifston  wire  wound  in  a  very  narrow  spiral,  which  is 
formed  into  a  series  of  loops  hunched  closely  to(fother.  Jly  this 
means  it  is  possihle  to  (fet  a  very  hitfh  candlti-powor  lihinient  in  a 
Bmall  compass.  For  example,  the  lOO-volt  1 00- watt  lamp  (irivint; 
approximately  100  (!.l'.)  has  a  filament  whiiih  could  bo  (-ontained 
in  a  culiioal  space  mt^ivsurinif  A  in.  <  ,,  in.  x  ,!  in.  (see  litf.  S).  This 
new  "Mnzda"  lamp  lias  been  dcsinnod  for  use  with  parabolic 
reflectors  in  motor  hendlifcfhts  and  searchliirhts,  and  in  optical 
lanterns,  photoufraphio  enlar^inpf  lanterns  and  small  cinematoi^raph 
projectors.  For  these  purposes  thi^  lamp  has  all  the  advanta^jes  of 
the  ordinary  incandescent  electric  lamp  in  ro(?ard  to  cleanliness  and 
safety,  and  in  addition  (fives  the  concentrated  liffht  source  necessary 
for  accurate  rell'iction  with  parabolic  reflectors,  or  projection  by 
means  of  lenses  and  condensers. 

The  AHtoii  Ball  Body. 

We  illustrate  in  fin.  4  the  "  Aston  "  three-light  adjustable  ball 
body,  which  is  supplied  by  Mksshs.  Veritys,  Ltd.,  London,  for  use 
with  ;Vi-in.  lip  llolophane  reflector  bowls  and  open  irlaasware.  It 
is  claimed  that  this  device  enables  the  glass  reflector  to  lie  taken  off 
for  cleaning   without  unwiring  and   removing  the  body  :  and  that 


mechanism,  the  pen  drop*  out  of  oonUct  with  tha  oh*rtt 
and  falls  back  again  to  iti  lowermont  or  zero  ponltlon.  On 
examining  the  chart  which  in  shown,  it  will  be  M«n  that  the  pen 
marks  intcrsi-ctlng  hori/.intal  linen  are  not  ntrictly  vertical. 
This  is  causoil  by  the  fa>:t  that  while  during  n  certain  interval 
the  pen  is  moving  iipwanl  at  a  fairly  rapid  ratr,  the  time 
chart  is  also  being  moved  forward  at  a  slow  rate,  no  that 
the  lines  become  diagonal.  .Vow,  supponing  that  the  vertical 
distances  arc  ruled  to  a  very  open  spacing,  ho  that  the  total 
height  of  the  paper  corrcspindn  tn,  nay,  a  two- minute  vertical 
travel  of  the  pen,  wliile  the  hori/.ontal  travel  of  the  drum 
chart  is  made  a  2 1  hour  circuit,  it  will  l>e  seen  that  on  the 
game  chart  can  be  recorded  the  tinien  at  which  the  Ix.-ll  waa 
lowered  by  examining  the  horizontal  distances,  while  hjr 
examining  the  vertical  distances  one  can  obtain  the  interval  in 
fractions  of  a  minute  that  the  bell  was  kept  lowered. 

The  electrical  mechanism  in  the  recorder  is  operatf^l  by  the 
closing  of  a  circuit  having  switch  contacts,  which  are  closed  when 
the  furnace  bell  is  lowered.  The  current  necessary  for  operating  the 
instrument  may  be  supplied  by  a  small  battery  or  the  supply  used 
for  lighting  the  plant.  Theacitual  size  of  the  chart  which  is  shown 
in  the  illustration  is  fj',  in.  high  and  7i  in.  long,  so  that  accurate 
measurements  can  be  obtained. 


Fio.  4. — Aston  Ball  Fittino. 


it  allows  the  lamps  to  be  placed  in  their  correct  position  inside  the 
bowl  by  means  of  the  set  screws  (on  collar),  which  hold  the 
adjusting  tube  as  required.  The  body  is  supplied  wired  for  two 
circuits,  one  and  two  lights,  ready  for  fixing,  and  it  can  be  equally 
well  used  for  large  Holophane  bowls  or  open  shades  having  a 
3i-in.  lip. 

Recording  Blast-Furnace  Charges. 

Ironworks  managers  will  not  need  to  be  told  that  the  sooner 
the  operation  of  charging  blast  furnaces  is  over,  the  better. 
Obviously  the  longer  the  furnace  bell  is  lowered,  the  longer 
does    gas    escape    which    can    be    utilised    advantageously,    and 


m 

e 

n 

HI      m 

a. 

1                  1  ,»„n 

' 

^5 

1 

i 

* 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i_  _ 

. 

1 

1 

], 

-L 

L. 

1 

1 

Fig.  5.— Fdrnacech.^rging  Chart. 


h(  nee  it  becomes  of  importance  to  have  some  check  on  the 
periods  of  charging,  not  only  as  regards  the  time  when 
the  charge  took  ylace,  but  also  the  actual  time  consumed  in 
completing  the  charge.  In  order  to  meet  these  requirements, 
a  very  ingenious  and  jet  simple  device  has  been  developed 
by  Messes.  Works  Control,  Ltd.,  of  St.  Margarets  -  on - 
Thames.  This  consists  of  a  recording  drum,  on  which  is  placed 
a  time  chart  such  as  is  shown  in  fig.  5.  On  this  time  chart 
the  pen  moves  uniformly  upwards  at  a  fairly  rapid  rate  so 
long  as  the  electrically -controlled  mechanism  of  the  recorder 
allows  it  to  do  so.     When  current  is  shut  off  from  the  recording 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Condensing    Plant    Contracts. — The  following  is  a 

list  of  some  recent  orders  received  by  the  Mirrleks-Watson  Co.. 
Ltd.,  of  Glasgow  : — 

Surface  coDdcnsing  plant  with  Mirrlees-Leblanc  rotary  air  pomps. — Two  seta 
for  the  County  of  London  Electric  Supply  Co.,  per  the  British  Thomson- 
HoiiBton  Co.,  Ltd.  Two  sets  tor  auxiliary  machinery  for  H.M.S.  Quren 
Eliuilifih,  per  Peter  Brotherhood,  Ltd.  One  set  for  Aberdeen  Corporation,  per 
Mr.  G.  Wuthrioh.  One  set  for  Sheepbridge  Coal  and  Iron  Co.,  per  the  British 
Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd,  One  set  tor  Fleetwood  U.D.C.,  per  Messrs.  Jaa. 
Howden  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Surface  Condensing  plant  with  Mirrlees-Edwards  air  pumps.— One  set  for 
the  Lancashire  Electric  Power  Co.,  and  one  set  for  New  Zealand,  per  Messrs. 
Hendry  Bros. 

Mirtlees  multi-jet  condensing  plant. — Two  sots  for  the  Summerlee  Iron  Co.. 
and  one  set  for  the  Cambrian  CoUieiies,  per  the  A. E.G.  Electric  Co.  One  set 
for  Plemington  Coal  Co.,  and  one  set  for  TinsleyPark  Colliery,  per  Messrs. 
Greenwood  &  Batley,  Ltd.  One  set  for  Moorbrook  Mills,  per  the  British 
Tbomson-biouston  Co.,  Ltd.  One  set  tor  Bargoed  Colliery,  and  one  set  tor 
Glasgow  Iron  and  Steel  Co.,  per  Messrs.  Fraser  &  Chalmers,  Ltd.  One  set  tor 
the  Weardale  Steel,  Coal  and  Coke  Co.  (repeat  order).  Two  sets  tor  the 
Londonderry  Collieries,  Ltd.,  per  Mr.  Wm.  C.  Mountain.  One  set  tor  the 
Powell-Duffryn  Steam  Coal  Co.,  Ltd.  One  set  for  J.  Whiteley  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
per  Messrs.  Daniel  Adamson  &  Co.  One  set  tor  the  Glengamook  Iron  and 
Steel  Co.,  per  Messrs.  Jas.  Howden*  Co. 

Barometric  Condensing  Plant  with  Mirrlees-Leblanc  Rotary  Air  Pumps. — 
One  set  for  Birtley  Colliery,  per  Messrs.  C.  A.  Parsons  &  Co.  One  set  tor  the 
Powell-Duflrya  Steam  Coal  Co. 

Mirrlees-Leblanc  Simple  Jet. — One  set  tor  the  Denton  Colliery  Co.,  Ltd. 

Low  Level  Jet  Plant. — Two  sets  for  the  Sheepbridge  Coal  and  Iron  Co.  and 
one  set  for  Dinnington  Main  Colliery,  per  the  British  Thomson-Houston 
Co.,  Ltd. 

Barometric  Plants  with  Reciprocating  Dry  Air  Pumps. — Four  sets  tor  Peru 
and  one  set  for  the  Argentine. 

The  above  represents  a  total  steam  duty  of  over  1,000,000  lb.  per  hour. 

Hydro-Electric  Contracts. — Messrs.  Bovixg  &  Co.'s 

recent  contracts  include  17  km.  of  welded-steel  pipe  for  the  1912 
extensions  of  the  Victoria  Falls  and  Transvaal  Power  Co.  The  line 
consists  of  pipes  of  27},  22  and  16  in.  diameter,  the  pressure  being 
100  lb.  per  sq.  in.,  while  the  temperature  of  the  compressed-air  is 
as  high  as  80°  C.  They  are  also  supplying  a  further  11,000  ft.  of 
lo-in.  pipe  for  the  Rand  Water  Board.  Other  orders  include  two  water 
turbines  of  22,")  h.p.  for  the  Kawasugawa  Hydro-Electric  Co.,  of 
Japan,  and  one  of  70  h.p.  for  the  Wheal  Jewell  &  Marytavey  Mines 
(Cornwall).  Orders  for  pumps  include  one  3.000-gallons  Victoria 
pump  for  Messrs.  Hulett,  Durban  ;  two  8,950-G.p.m.  pumps  for 
Messrs.  Willans  &  Robinson,  for  Sydney  ;  one  100-o.p.m.  pump 
for  the  Soudanese  Irrigation  Department  ;  eight  Victoria  pumps 
of  various  capacities  ifor  the  Papeteries  de  Rethel,  Ardennes, 
France,  to  which  company  the  firm  are  also  supplying  a  complete 
110-in.  paper-making  plant. 

Catalogues  and  Lists. — The  Eastkrx  Electric  Co., 

Ltd.,  11,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London.  E.C.— Catalogue,  consisting 
of  a  number  of  lists  containing  illustrations  and  prices  of  a  variety 
of  electrical  accessories.  These  include  switches,  lampholders, 
ceiling  roses,  cut-outs,  fuseboards,  wall  plugs,  opal  shades,  wood 
blocks  and  casings,  wires  and  cables,  bells  and  bell  accessories,  and 
ironclad  switches. 

The  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  London,  W.C. — Stock  list  of  a.c.  and 
C.C.  motors,  and  other  machines. 

Bankruptcy    I*roceeding:s. — Samvel  Smith  (trading 

as  Smith  ic  Sons),  22a,  24  and  26.  Victoria  Square.  Widnes, 
Lanes.,  electrical  engineer,  i:c. — The  public  examination  of  the 
above-named  debtor  was  held  at  the  Court  House,  Government 
Buildings,  Victoria  Street,  Liverpool,  last  Monday,  when  the 
liabilities  were  put  at  £270,  and  there  was  an  estimated  surplus  of 
£648.  It  appeared  that  the  debtor  started  trading  at  Widnes  about 
23  years  ago,  and  until  recently  the  business  had  proved  very 
successful.  Two  of  his  sons  had  been  in  the  business,  but  he  had 
declined  to  make  them  partners  while  they  were  under  21  years  of 
age.  Last  August  debtor  consulted  a  solicitor  who  advised  him  to 
execute  a  deed  of  assignment  for  the  benefit  of  his  creditors.  He 
agreed  to  this  course,  and  ultimately  two  trustees  were  apx>ointed 


598 


THE    ELKCTRICAL    REVIEW.         [voi.  72.   no.  i,84.;,  apeil  11, 1913. 


under  the  deed,  the  business  in  the  meantime,  pending'  sale  as  a 
g-oing-  concern,  beinp  carried  on  by  him  at  a  weekly  salary  of  £2. 
His  liabilitie;*  at  that  time  were  about  Jt4i'.l,and  he  eatimated  that 
his  asset*  were  worth  £l,r.5i).  Creditors  to  the  extent  of  £1H 
odd  did  not  a^-^ent  to  the  deed  within  the  time  specified,  and  were 
now  scheduled  as  unsecured  creditors  for  that  amount.  Since  the 
deed  liabilities  had  been  incurred  amounting:  to  £1.".6  odd.  Debtor 
was  questioned  by  the  Official  Receiver  as  to  his  estimate  of  the 
value  of  his  as-set**.  and  was  reminded  that  the  trustees  had  been 
put  to  considerable  expense  in  resisting  a  claim  ma<le  in  the  Chancery 
Court  by  his  sons,  who  asserted  that  they  were  partners  in  the 
business.  The  Official  Receiver  further  stated  that  he  understood 
that  the  debts  were  understated  at  the  time  of  the  assig-nment. 
Debtor  maintained  that  if  the  estate  were  properly  dealt  with 
there  should  be  a  large  surplus  for  him.  After  further  questions 
had  been  asked  the  examination  was  ordered  to  stand  adjourned. 

E.  J.  Cro'^ieb  (Crosier,  Stephens  .v  Co.),  engineer  and  merchant. 
Newcastleon-Tyne).— April  26th  is  the  last  day  for  the  receipt  of 
proofs  for  dividend.  Trustee:  Mr.  .1.  A.  Gardner,  14.5,  Pilgrim 
Street,  Newcastle  on-Tyne. 

Electric  Clocks.— We  are  informed  that  the  great 
house  of  Whiteley  8,  Westbourne  Grove,  is  to  be  eijuipped  through- 
out with  a  service  of  uniform  and  accurate  time  by  the 
Sy.schboxo.mk  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  32  and  34,  Clerkenwell  Road,  E.C. 
The  installation  will  comprise  a  very  large  number  of  their  "  one- 
wheel  "  electrical  impulse  dials,  and  will  include  handsome  turret 
clocks  on  the  galleries  under  the  domes.  The  same  company  have 
also  in  hand  their  fourth  extension  of  the  time  circuit  in  Waterloo 
Station.  Railway  companies  have  a  reputation  for  caution  and 
conservatism,  bat  from  a  list  before  us  of  "  Synchronome  '  installa- 
tions in  railway  stations  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  it  appears  that 
this  system  ot  time-keeping  is  appreciated  by  them.  The  Buenos 
Ayres  and  Great  Southern  Railway  is  among  the  latest  to  go  in 
for  this  system. 

Willans  &  Robinson,  Ltd.— The  scheme  of  capital 
re-arrangement  recently  propoied  to  and  accepted  by  the  share- 
holders of  this  company,  was  duly  confirmed  by  the  High  Court  last 
week.  The  company  has  always  been  so  closely  identified  with  the 
electrical  indubtry,  and  has  carried  out  so  much  excellent  work,  that 
we  feel  our  readers  will  join  with  us  in  the  hope  that  its  trading  may 
continue  for  the  benefit  of  the  industry  at  large,  and  that  the 
company  itself  may  now  enter  upon  a  renewed  stage  of  prosperity. 
It  is  interesting  to  learn  that  the  business  now  in  hand,  especially 
in  steam  turbines  and  Diesel  engines,  shows  a  larger  volume  than 
for  some  time  past. 

Dissolations    and    Liquidations. — Meldrum   Bro.s., 

Ltd.,  Timperley. — A  second  dividend  of  3s.  in  the  &  is  payable 
.April  7th  at  the  ofBce  of  Mr.  Theodore  Gregory,  3,  York  Street, 
Manchester. 

S.  T.  RoHBixs  A:  Co.,  automobile,  electrical  and  general  engineers, 
19.  Port  Street,  Evesham. — Messrs.  Stanley  T.  Robblns  and  H.  S. 
Hunt  have  dissolved  partnership.     Mr.  Hunt  will  attend  to  debts. 

Messrs.  Simpson,  Scott  i.  Co.,  electrical  contractors,  Cape  Town, 
have  dissolved  partnership.  Mr.  Simpson  is  carrying  on  business  as 
district  agent  for  Messrs.  Orenstein  and  Arthur  Koppel,  Ltd,  and 
Mr.  Scott  is  joining  the  local  agency  of  the  A.E.G.  Co.  as  technical 
adviser. 

For  Sale. — The  Darhngton  Corporation  has  for  disposal 
a  3.")-KW.  .steam  dynamo.  See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this 
issue. 

Messrs.  Wheatley  Kirk,  Price  \:  Co.  will  offer  for  sale  by  auction 
on  April  30th  the  plant,  machinery,  stock,  kc,  at  Falcon  Works, 
Bedford  Street,  Greengate,  Salford.  under  instructions  from  Mr. 
T.  R.  II.  Tetley.  who  is  discontinuing  manufacturing.  See  our 
advertisement  pages  to-day. 

Trade    Announcements. — Tin:    Elkctric    P>.\tterv 

Co.  has  removed  to  more  extensive  premises  at  02,  Eagle  Street, 
High  Holbom.  W.C.  (Telephone  No.  "Holbom  1080,'),  where 
they  have  a  floor  area  of  over  G,000  s<i.  ft.,  which  will  be  equipped 
with  modem  plant  for  the  manufacture  of  E.B.C.  (patent)  dynamos 
for  car  lighting,  accumulators,  &c. 

Messes.  Powi.ey  Buos.,  electric  lighting  engineers,  A:c.,  of  32, 
Park  Road,  Kingston-on-Thames,  have  opened  additional  premises 
at  ■■>1.  Ditton  Raad,  Surbiton. 

Mr.  Donald  Smeaton  Munro,  M.I.E.E.,  acquired,  in  March,  1912, 
that  section  of  the  electrical  business  of  Anderson  it  Munro,  which 
was  formerly  worked  froih  Edinburgh.  To  avoid  confusion,  this 
Edinburgh  section  is  now  carried  on  by,  and  under  the  name  of. 
Donald  S.meatos  Mc.nbo.  11,  Randolph  Place.  Edinburgh,  and 
all  communications  should  be  bo  addressed. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Accrinjcton. — The  refusal  of  the  Hishton  District 
Council  to  allow  thp  Accrington  Corporation  to  supply  electrical 
energy  to  Messrs.  Peebles  A;  Sons'  Works,  Rishton,  has  led  the 
Accrington  Electrit  ity  Committee  to  the  decision  to  apply  to  the 
B.  of  T.  for  an  Order  permitting  it  to  give  the  supply  desired.  It 
has  also  been  decided  to  apply  to  the  L.O.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow 
£2.000,  the  estimated  cost  of  laying  and  supplying  the  necessary 
mains  and  transforming  plant  in  connection  with  the  supply. 

It  i.s  proposed  to  give  domestic  consumers  the  option  of  an 
03»e«(ment  tariff — viz.,  a  fixed  rental  of  12J  per  cent.  i>er  annum  on 


the  net  rateable  value,  to  be  apportioned  over  the  various  quarters 
of  the  year  as  follows  ; — First  quarter,  two-sixths  ;  second,  one- 
*ixth  ;  third,  one-sixth  ;  fourth,  two-sixths,  together  with  a  charge 
of  id.  per  unit,  with  a  discount  of  .">  per  cent,  from  all  accounts 
paid  on  or  before  a  specified  date.  It  has  been  ilecided  to  adopt  a 
charge  for  all  purposes  other  than  for  power  from  April  Ist  of  4d. 
per  unit,  subject  to  discounts  on  acoounts  paid  before  a  specified 
date  varying  from  10  to  2.0  per  cent.,  accordin>r  to  consumption. 

Atlierton, — The  I'.D.C.  has  confirmed  a  proposjil  of  the 
Electricity  Committee  to  apply  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow 
£B,.")00  to  meet  the  cost  of  a  new  transformer  station,  feeder 
cable,  A:c. 

Australia. — The  report  of  the  Electric  Supply  Committee 
of  the  Melbourne  City  Council  for  the  year  1912.  according  to 
the  Aii.striilinn  Miiihui  Stdtuliird,  shows  that  in  spite  of  (perhaps 
because  of)  reductions  in  the  price  at  which  current  is  supplied  to 
consumers,  and  in  spite  of  large  new  expenditure  on  plant,  there  is 
still  a  credit  to  profit  and  loss  account,  though  of  about  a  third  less 
than  for  1911.  The  gross  revenue  for  1912  was  £130,276,  and  the 
working  expenses  amounted  to  £t;."),130;  the  gross  profit,  therefore, 
was  £(1.5,146.  Charged  against  this  was  interest  on  capital,  com- 
mission and  exchange,  £19,3.57  ;  sinking  fund,  £5,616  ;  deprecia- 
tion and  renewals,  £2.i,458  :  on  account  of  loans,  £X44,  making  a 
total  of  £40,274,  and  leaving  a  net  profit  for  the  year  of  £1.5,87 1. 
The  revenue  from  the  sale  of  current  for  private  lighting  purposes 
increased  from  £5'J,()79  to  £6S,93('),  and  the  revenue  from  heating 
and  power  by  nearly  £8,000.  In  allocating  the  amount  to  be  set 
to  the  various  accounts,  a  sum  of  £8,750  was  contributed  to  the 
town  fund,  and  £5,615  to  the  sinking  fund,  making  that  fund 
now  £99,184.  The  depreciation  and  renewals  account  amounts 
now  to  £1(>3,514  ;  during  the  current  year  this  fund  will  be  drawn 
upon  extensively  for  the  cost  of  plant  which  is  being  scrapped 
to  make  way  for  new  plant  of  a  larger  capacity  and  greater  effi- 
ciency.    The  net  profit  in  I'.tll  was  £22,000. 

It  is  stated  that  the  Commonwealth  Government  has  decided 
to  equip  the  Federal  Woollen  Mills  at  Geelong,  Vic,  with  a  complete 
electric  power  plant. 

Banbridge  (Co.  Down).— Mr.  G.  B.  Deane,  B.  of  T., 

has  held  an  inquiry  into  the  application  of  the  Urban  Council  for 
a  prov.  order.  Mr.  Gordon  explained  the  scheme,  which  would 
cost  about  £3,300.  The  borrowing  powers  of  the  Council 
ran  up  to  nearly  £30,000,  and  the  gross  valuation  of  the  town  was 
£14,45(;.  Mr.  I'leasance,  of  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Woodside  \  Co., 
Belfast,  having  given  evidence  of  the  projected  scheme,  the  inquiry 
was  adjourned. 

Bath. — The  L.G.B.  has  sanctioned  the  borrowing  of 
£1,789  for  district  mains,  services  and  transformer  pillars  in  the 
Weston  area  ;  £2.250  for  prospective  expenditure  on  mains  ;  £2,2.50 
for  prospective  expenditure  on  services  :  and  £6,000  for  prospective 
expenditure  on  transformers — each  for  a  period  of  1 5  years,  and 
has  authorised  the  allocation  of  the  sum  of  £1,210  out  of  the 
Diesel  engine  loan,  which  is  not  required  for  the  purpose,  to  make 
up  the  balance  required  for  the  mains,  &c.,  in  the  'Weston  area. 

Bootle. — The  T.C.,  on  the  2nd  inst.,  approved  of  the 
scheme  recommended  by  the  Electric  Power  and  Lighting  Com- 
mittee, for  extending  the  electricity  mains,  at  an  estimated  cost  of 
£4,375.  It  was  decided  to  apply  to  the  L.G.B.,  for  sanction  to 
borrow  a  sum  of  £3,750  for  defraying  the  cost  of  a  portion  of  the 
scheme,  and  the  remainder  will  be  defrayed  out  of  loans  already 
sanctioned. 

Bradford. — The  Chamber  of  Trade  is  in  negotiation 
with  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department,  with  a  view  to  the 
possibility  of  reductions  in  electricity  charges,  and  the  payment  of 
discount  by  taking  an  amount  off  accounts  instead  of  the  Corpora- 
tion giving  free  lamps.  The  provision  of  these  free  lamps,  in  lieu 
of  discount,  is  stated  to  be  an  injustice  to  the  local  electrical 
contractors.  It  is  also  stated  that  last  year  the  Corporation  placed 
an  order  for  a  quarter  of  a  million  such  lamps. 

Braintree. — The  r.D.C.  has  decided  to  obtain  expert 
advice  on  the  question  of  lighting  the  town  by  electricity. 

Brighton. — .\  fairly  large  electrical  cooking  installation 
has  now  been  running  for  a  few  weeks  at  Messrs.  Staffords,  in 
\Ve8tern  Road.  This  is  used  for  preparing  meals  for  a  staff  of 
some  70  hands,  and  consists  of  a  .lackson  range,  with  eight  heating 
plates  and  two  large  ovens,  in  which  several  big  joints  can  be 
cooked  at  the  same  time.  The  control  board  is  mounted  behind, 
and  fitted  with  indicating  lamps  showing  exactly  what  heater  is 
in  use.  We  gather  that  experience  with  the  range  has  been  highly 
satisfactory,  its  cleanliness,  efficiency,  and  the  improved  cooking 
being  much  appreciated. 

Canada. — The  municipal  electrical  department  of  Ottawa 
last  year  made  a  profit  of  §35,000,  as  shown  by  the  statement  pre- 
sented by  the  Electric  Commission.  Since  the  plant  was  taken  over 
in  1907,  the  profits  have  totalled  §132,652.28— this  after  reducing 
the  prioe  of  electric  current  in  the  city  to  one-half  of  the  former 
rates. 

Cohvyn  Bay. — An  incjuiry  has  been  held  by  the  I^.G.l'. 
relative  to  the  application  of  the  U.D.C  for  sanction  to  borrow, 
among  other  sums,  £5,300  for  additional  generating  plant  at  the 
electricity  works,  to  meet  the  growing  supply.  It  was  pointed  out 
that  the  load  on  the  workt;  last  season  came  up  to  the  maximum 
capacity  of  the  machinery  installed,  so  that  the  increase  was 
essential  for  the  safety  of  the  supply.  No  opposition  was  raised  to 
the  proposals. 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,Hh;,  Ar-iiir,  1  I,   I'.)i:!.  1 


Till';    isM'KTinr.M.    i;i;vii;\v. 


r/Mi 


nartlonl.— The  H.D.C.  Imn  iiisLiucLcd  Lhc  (:l(!(:triciil 
enifinccr  to  proceed  with  the  propiiration  of  plaim  and  Hpociflca- 
tions  lor  n.  m.t.  );on«ratiii|r  Hot,  aH  the  demand  in  likfly  to  soon 
nooeHBitati)  the  i;enoration  of  li.T.  current  direct.  The  Council  huH 
doclinnd  to  entertain  a  HUjfffewtion  from  conHumerH  at  (Irayl'ord 
that  the  mipply  to  that  district  Hhonld  he  treated  aH  a  whole,  and 
that  the  ohiiri;e8  lor  power  Hhould  b(^  bawd  on  the  united  demandH 
of  all  the  workH  connected  to  the  new  main. 

Donraster. — The  T.C.  ban  sulopted  a  new  scale  of 
charpeB  for  electricity  for  power  and  domeBtic  purpoHCP,  by  which 
1  id.  per  unit  will  bo  chartred  for  the  lirat  .",0(i  units  per  annum, 
I  Id.  per  unit  tor  the  second  ".00,  Ud.  per  unit  for  the  third  500, 
and  Id.  per  unit  for  the  fourth  500. 

It  was  reported  that  the  Electricity  Committee  had  finished  the 
past  linancial  year  with  a  surplus  of  £1,055,  althoui;h  some  of  the 
charges  had  been  considerably  lowered.  For  the  extension  of 
electricity  mains  and  ])lant  an  expenditure  of  £1,'?,20(>  is  cstiiiiated 
to  be  necessary  in  the  coming  year. 

Dewshury. — At  the  T.C.  inectin^%  hist  week,  a  lonf,' 
discussion  ensued  upon  the  subject  of  the  Corporation's  municipal 
tradinp:  undertakings,  the  rates,  and  the  financial  position  trenerelly. 
Sir  Mark  Oldroyd  said  that  the  development  of  the  tramways,  if 
carried  out,  mifrht  <08t  another  lOd.  rate.  Tfe  complained  of 
the  extensive  appropriation  trading  profits  for  relief  of  rates, 
maintainincr  that  the  purpose  of  these  undertakings  was  the  con- 
venience of  the  public.  Mr.  T.  Myers  criticised  the  action  of  the 
Council  in  taking  £500  from  the  electricity  department  for  relief 
of  rates  when  it  had  just  borrowed  C 8,000  for  works  extensions. 

Dover, — The  T.C.  has  receiveil  from  tlie  L.d.B.  sanction 
to  a  loan  of  £M0O  on  account  of  transformers. 

Dromore  (Co.  1)0\VI1). — A  H.  of  'J',  inquiry  was  held  on 
the  5th  inst.  into  an  application  on  behalf  of  theUrban  Council 
and  a  number  of  ratepayers  to  provide  electricity  for  liprhtingf  and 
power  purposes  in  that  town.  The  application  was  opposed  by  some 
ratepayers  and  the  local  gas  company.  Evidence  was  given  of  the 
finances  of  the  town,  by  which  it  appeared  that  it  had  borrowing 
powers  up  to  £10,000,  and  its  debts  and  liabilities  were  under 
£2,000.  Nine  of  the  10  members  of  the  Council  were  in  favour  of 
the  scheme.  Two  schemes  had  been  submitted,  one  costing  £3,908 
and  the  other  £3,400.  Mr.  H.  V.  Pegg,  consulting  engineer,  of 
Belfast,  gave  the  details  of  the  schemes,  after  which  the  inquiry 
adjourned. 

East  Ham. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  T.C,  a  letter 
was  read  from  Woolwich  B.C.,  stating  that  the  limited  consent 
given  to  it  for  supplying  current  to  the  L.C.C.  pumping  station  at 
North  Woolwich  only,  would  be  quite  useless,  as  it  would  be  unable 
to  incur  the  expense  unless  allowed  to  supply  properties  on  the 
route  of  the  main,  and  stating  that  it  would  be  prepared  to  pay  a 
percentage  upon  the  total  revenue  received  from  the  supply  if 
allowed  to  do  this.  The  T.C.  is  agreeing  to  the  suggestions 
put  forward,  subject  to  the  payment  of  5  per  cent,  upon  the  total 
revenue  received  from  the  supply. 

Gillin<2;ham  (Kent). — With  reference  to  the  Corpora- 
tion's contract  with  the  Augsberg-Xurnberg  Co.  for  the  installation 
of  a  new  Diesel  engine  at  the  electricity  works,  the  T.C.  has  entered 
into  a  supplemental  agreement  with  the  company  to  enable  the 
British  Westinghouse  Co.  to  at  once  proceed  with  the  construction 
of  the  alternator,  the  cost  of  which  will  be  £1,019. 

Orasmere. — The  question  of  electric  lighting  in  the 
Council's  area  has  been  introduced  by  a  company.  The  Council  is 
giving  preliminary  support  to  the  scheme,  which  it  is  proposed  shall 
include  street  lighting. 

Halifax. — A  L.Ci.B.  inquiry  into  an  application  by  the 
Corporation  to  borrow  £18,180  for  the  purchase  of  plant  at  the 
electricity  works,  and  for  extensions  of  the  electric  mains,  has  been 
held.  Mr.  Haley,  chairman  of  the  local  Ratepayers'  Association, 
opposed  the  application. 

Leeds. — \i  a  recent  meeting  of  the  T.C,  on  the  presenta- 
tion of  the  Electricity  Committee's  minutes,  Mr.  D.  B.  Foster 
moved  an  amendment  to  refer  back  a  recommendation  to  defer 
further  consideration  of  the  question  of  instituting  a  scheme  of 
motor  hiring  in  order  to  give  time  for  trial  of  a  scheme  submitted 
by  Mr.  H.  S.  Ingleby.  He  urged  that  it  would  be  more  to  the 
interests  of  the  manufacturers  of  the  city  if  steps  were  taken  to 
get  into  touch  with  other  motor  manufacturers,  than  to  consider 
the  scheme  of  Mr.  Ingleby,  who  had  written  stating  the  terms 
upon  which  nine  Leeds  firms  were  prepared  to  supply  motors  on 
hire  or  hire-purchase.  Mr.  Hugh  Lupton  pointed  out  that  by  the 
terms  of  the  Committee's  recommendation  the  Council  would  not 
be  in  any  way  pledged  to  the  firms  mentioned.  Mr.  R.  Arniitage 
said  the  letter  contained  a  suggestion  that  oflicials  of  the  Corpora- 
tion canvassed  the  city  solely,  or  to  a  large  extent,  with  a  view  to 
pushing  the  sale  of  certain  makes  of  motors  to  the  prejudice  of 
other  makes  equally  good.  He  thought  in  the  interest  of  the 
officials  these  charges  ou}rht  to  be  investigated.  Alderman  Tetley 
intimated  his  willingness,  on  behalf  of  the  Committee,  to  insist  on 
the  withdrawal  of  these  passages  in  the  letter.  Mr.  Hugh  Lupton 
said  the  sub-Committee  concerned  would  undertake  to  investigate 
the  matter  raised  with  regard  to  the  officials.  The  amendment  was 
carried. 

The  proposed  reduction  in  charges,  more  particularly  to  large 
power  consumers,  referred  to  last  week,  was  also  agreed  to  ;  it  is 
estimated  that  power  users  will  benefit  to  the  extent  of  £-1,000  per 
annum  under  the  new  rates. 


Lc.vton.— Tin:  r.I).(J.  huH  upplied  U,  Lho  I,.G.I5.  for  a 
loan  of  £t'i.'int;  for  mainn,  fcixlerii,  ka. 

Liverpool. — In  IjIh  annual  re^xirl  which  huH  jiiHl  Uen 
iHBUcd,  the  city  lighting  enginucr  HtateH  thai  a  anrat  inipruvcunnt 
has  been  effected  during  the  yi-ar  in  the  cfriilre  of  the  city  by  the 
fixing  of  70  liami'  aro  luiiipH  in  lieu  of  o|m;ii  ty|i<!  and  uiirLallic- 
filament  clustrr  latups,  the  light  bcini/  iin:r<ttu-f<l  thereby  at  leaxt 
fourfold.  An  extenMiun  of  elci:lrii;  lighting  by  iiictnlliciilamciit 
lamps  has  also  been  carried  out  during  the  yrnr  on  the  Kdire  Lane 
tramway  route  with  .""jO  and  100  r.i-.  larnpn.  At  the  imil  of  the  year 
there  wore  in  use  921  electric  lumpK,  192  arc,  and  729  incandeacont 
metallic-filament  lamps. 

London. —  i'.\rTKi;.-<i-,A. — With  reference  to  the  motion 
for  an  injunction  taken  by  the  Council  to  rrHtrain  the  County  of 
London  Electric  Supply  Co.  from  laying  maiuH  in  the  borough,  the 
the  (Council  haH  received  a  letter  from  the  solicitor  of  the  company 
forwarding  copy  of  notice  of  appeal  and  copy  of  ii  letter  which 
had  been  addressed  to  the  H.  of  T.  on  the  company's  proposal.  The 
Council  decided  to  ask  the  Hoard  to  postpone  taking  action  in  the 
matter  until  the  application  of  the  (.'ouncil  to  the  High  Court 
had  been  dealt  with. 

WooLWiim. —  In  order  to  be  able  to  give  a  supply  of  current  to 
the  new  hostels  in  course  of  erection  at  F.ltham  for  the  L.C.f).,  the 
Borough  Council  has  decided  to  borrow  £1,448,  the  estimated  cost 
of  providing  transformers  and  switchgear  at  the  High  Street  sub- 
Btation  ;  also  for  the  provision  of  a  duplicate  main  to  New  KItham, 
which  will  provide  for  a  general  supply  alRo  being  given,  if 
re<|uired. 

Sr.  MARYi.Kr.oNK.  The  Electric  Supply  Committee  has  con- 
sidered a  letter  inviting  the  Council  to  join  in  a  general  conference 
to  consider  the  decision  of  the  L  C.C.  to  again  revise  the  maximum 
periods  which  it  will  sanction  for  the  repayment  of  electricity  loans 
in  respect  of  buildings,  mains  and  machinery,  and  with  the  object 
of  representing  to  the  L.C.C.  the  advisability  of  reconsidering  and 
amending  such  decision.  The  Committee  did  not  think  that  any 
useful  purpose  would  be  served  by  the  Council  joining  the  proposed 
conference,  and  recommended  accordingly. 

Lossiemouth. — The  B.  of  T.  has  approved  of  the  order 

for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  town. 

Macclesfield. — The  New  Electricity  Co.  of  Macclesfield, 

Ltd.,  has  informed  the  T.C.  that  the  response  to  the  invitation  to 
various  persons  to  take  shares  in  the  concern,  has  not  been  such  as 
to  justify  the  company  making  a  start  on  the  proposed  electricity 
works.  The  company  was  formed  about  two  yeais  ago,  and  obtained 
a  prov.  order  for  electric  supply,  and  this  expires  by  effluxion  of 
time  on  August  Uth  next.  A  new  syndicate  has  come  forward 
and  taken  over  the  company's  powers  and  responsibilities,  and  has 
taken  a  disused  dyeworks  in  George  Street  as  a  site  for  a  generating 
station. 

Manchester. — Mr.  S.  L.  Pearce,  the  chief  engineer  of 
the  electricity  department,  and  Mr.  .1.  G.  Newbigging,  engineer  of 
the  gas  department,  were  recently  instructed  to  consider  the 
question  of  street  lighting,  and  they  have  prepared  a  report  which 
has  been  approved  by  the  Lighting  Committee  of  the  Corporation — 
a  Committee  which  consists  of  members  of  the  Gas,  Electricity  and 
Finance  Committees.  The  report  states  that  the  two  engineers  are 
agreed  on  certain  recommendations.  One  is  that  a  further 
extension  on  a  moderately  large  scale  of  the  lighting  of  the 
principal  thoroughfares  in  the  city  be  made  with  high-pressure 
gas,  and  electric  arc  or  metal-filament  lamps.  The  total  length  of 
the  streets  to  be  lighted  by  the  first-named  system  is  13,500  yards, 
and  that  of  the  streets  to  be  lighted  by  electricity  is  11,835  yards. 
In  arriving  at  the  allocation  of  streets,  the  engineers  have  had 
regard  to  the  thoroughfares  in  which  special  arc  lighting  cables 
are  already  laid,  and  the  suitability  or  unsuitability  of  the  streets 
scheduled  for  centre  suspended  lighting  or  side  lighting,  it  being 
their  opinion  that,  broadly  speaking,  one  set  of  streets  are  best 
dealt  with  by  means  of  electricity,  whilst  others  are  more  suitable 
for  the  high-pressure  f;as  system.  They  have  not  attempted  to 
deal  with  secondary  thoroughfares  or  with  the  lighting  of  cotfrts 
and  passages,  and  they  recommend  that  this  be  deferred  pending 
the  result  of  the  present  proposal. 

Mexborough, — A  L.Ct.B.  inquiry  has  been  held  in 
connection  with  the  application  to  borrow  £11.500  for  extensions 
of  the  electricity  undertaking.  Mr.  .1.  Senior  (electrical  engineer) 
stated  that  the  amount  was  made  up  as  follows  :— Turbo-generator, 
£4,200;  buildings.  £3,200:  boiler  foundation,  £800:  water 
cooling  tower,  £800;  pipe  work,  £100:  balancer-booster.  £330: 
three  years'  prospective  services,  £300  :  three  years'  public 
lighting,  £300;  contingencies,  £170;  builder's  tender  in  excf  ss  of 
estimate,  £750  ;  and  travelling  crane,  £250.  There  was  no 
opposition  to  the  application,  and  the  inquiry  was  closed. 

XcAvport  (Mon.). — "We  umkistand  that  the  recommenda- 
tions of  Mr.  A.  Nichols  Moore,  the  borough  electrical  engineer,  for 
extending  the  electricity  plant,  have  been  unanimously  adopted.  It 
is  intended  to  install  a  2.500-KW'.  turbo-alternator,  with  condensing 
plant,  and  a  i;0O-KW.  D.c.  generator,  with  switchgear. 

The  engineers  proposals  for  lowering  the  single-phase  frequency 
were  also  approved,  hut  will  not  be  carried  out  for  another  year. 

Xew  Zealand. — On  February  .'Oth,  a  poll  of  the 
Christchurch  ratepayers  resulted  in  a  vote  of  2,874  for,  and  492 
against,  the  proposal  of  the  City  Council,  to  raise  a  loan  of  £120.000 
for  equipment  in  connection  with  the  utilisation  of  electric  power 
to  be  supplied  in  bulk  from  the  hydro-electric  installation  now 
being  erected  at   Lake   Coleridge.     The  amount  is  to  be  expended 


600 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.ra.   no.  i,846,  apbil  ii,  1913. 


in  :  —  Sub-stations  and  plant  ;  transforminfi:  plant  and  buildings  ; 
mains  and  services  ;  meters  :  poles,  lamps,  &c.,  for  street  light- 
ing. Tho  Mayor  congratulated  the  ratepayers  on  the  magnificent 
support  given  to  the  proposal.  The  Wanganni  borough  is  about  to 
extend  the  tramways,  the  amount  involved  being  about  £9,000. 

At  Wellington,  the  engineer  has  been  requested  to  report  on  the 
advisability  of  combining  the  lighting  and  tramways  etations. 
The  lighting  supply  is  rapidly  increasing,  and  it  is  anticipated  that 
additional  generating  plant  must  be  purchased  at  no  distant  date  ; 
the  supply  is  single-phase  at  80  periods  transformed  from  2,000  to 
100  volts. 

Xewcastle-under-lyme.— The    T.C.    has    decided    to 

apply  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow  £20,000,  being  the 
estimated  cost  of  certain  electricity  extension*. 

i\uneatOD. — The   T.C.  has  resolved  to   replace  25  gas 

lamps  in  the  town  by  electric  lamps. 

^ewtoii-in-.^akerfield  (Lanes.).— The  U.D.C  has  had 

nnder  consideration  a  communication  from  Messrs.  McCorquodale 
and  Co.,  asking  whether  there  was  any  immediate  likelihood 
of  the  Council's  obtaining  powers  for  the  supply  of  electricity,  and 
further  stating  that  if  there  was  no  prospect  of  the  order  being 
granted,  it  was  the  company's  intention  to  proceed  with  the  scheme 
it  had  had  before  it  for  some  considerable  time,  for  the  generation  of 
its  own  electric  power  for  driving  and  lighting  purposes.  It  was 
resolved  that  the  question  be  considered  with  the  estimates. 

Orsett  (Essex). — The  B.  of  G.  has  decided  not  to  let 
the  proposed  electric  lighting  scheme  for  the  workhouse  drop. 
The  L.G.B.  recently  intimated  that  the  premises  were  too  small 
for  an  installation,  but  the  Guardians  have  ascertained  that  at 
Buckingham  the  Board  of  Guardians  has  installed  a  small  electric 
plant  at  a  cost  of  £187.  with  satisfactory  results.  This  has  been 
inspected  by  two  of  the  Guardians  from  Orsett,  with  the  result  that 
the  firm  who  carried  out  the  installation — Messrs.  Johnson  and 
Phillips — have  been  communicated  with.  Consequently  further 
steps  are  to  be  taken  in  the  matter. 

Roy  ton. — The  Oldham  Corporation  has  applied  to  the 
District  Council  for  power  to  supply  the  Industry  Mill  with 
electricity  for  power  purposes.  There  is  a  strong  feeling  in  the 
Royton  district  that  the  Oldham  Corporation  should  get  the 
necessary  provisional  order  to  supply  the  whole  of  the  district. 

St.  Helens. — The  T.C.  has  adopted  an  assessment  tariff 
for  private  houses,  viz.,  a  fixed  quarterly  charge  based  on  the  net 
rateable  value  of  the  honsr,  and  id.  per  unit  for  all  current  used  for 
lighting,  heating,  cooking,  and  other  domestic  purposes. 

Salford. — The  T.C.  has  adopted  a  recommendation  to 
approve  the  settlement  of  the  Corporation's  claim  against  the 
insurance  companies  for  damage  caused  by  the  recent  fire  at  the 
electricity  station  for  £11,383,  which  covers  the  whole  of  the 
damage. 

Scarborough, — The  Corporation  has  under  consideration 
the  question  of  the  purchase  of  the  local  electric  supply  under- 
taking. A  special  sub-committee  has  been  appointed  to  carry  on 
the  negotiations.  The  borough  engineer  has  been  instructed  to 
obtain  the  consent  of  the  Electric  Supply  Co.  to  the  examination  of 
its  plant  by  Mr  Wyld,  of  Birkenhead.  The  borough  accountant  has 
reported  as  to  the  financial  position  of  the  Electric  Supply  Co.,  and 
the  further  consideration  of  the  matter  has  been  deferred. 

Sevenoaks  (kent). — The  U.D.C.  was  recently  informed 
by  Mr.  Frank  Reeves,  acting  secretary  of  the  ."^evenoaks  and 
District  Electricity  Co.,  Ltd.,  that  all  objections  to  the  company's 
application  for  a  prov.  order  for  electric  lighting  had  been 
removed,  and  it  was  advised  that  no  doubt  the  order  would  be 
granted.  He  added  that  orders  for  oil  engines  had  been  pro- 
visionally placed,  and  arrangements  weie  bsing  made  with  Messrs. 
Crompton  &  Co.  to  supply  the  electrical  equipment  of  the 
generating  station.  It  was  hoped  that  the  cables  would  be  laid 
almost  immediately,  and  that  by  means  of  a  temporary  plant 
a  supply  of  current  might  be  made  available  without  waiting  for  the 
completion  of  the  permanent  generating  station,  which  would  be 
erected  at  Sundridge.  The  company's  operations  will  include  not 
only  the  urban  district,  but  practically  half  of  the  rural  district, 
and  Limpafield,  Oxted,  and  other  parishes  in  Surrey. 

Shetiield. — The  Corporation  is  proposing  to  offer  domestic 
electricity  consumers  the  alternative  of  an  assessment  tariif,  based 
on  a  fixed  charge  of  10  per  cent,  of  the  annual  rateable  valued  the 
premises,  payable  quarterly,  plus  }d.  per  unit  used,  with  no  meter 
rent.  Consumers  in  premises  other  than  private  houses  using  elec- 
tricity throughout  for  lighting  purposes,  and  who  sign  a  minimum 
payment  form,  are  to  be  charged  id.  per  unit  for  heating  and  cook- 
ing purposes.  Under  the  latter  scheme,  between  700  and  800  con- 
sumers will  benefit  immediately. 

With  a  view  to  improving  the  lighting  of  Norfolk  Street  and 
Barkers  Pool,  at  present  lighted  by  gas,  a  trial  is  to  be  made 
with  electricity,  subject  to  the  cost  of  supplying  and  fixing  the 
lamps  being  borne  in  equal  proportions  by  the  electricity  supply 
department  and  the  Watch  Committee,  and  to  the  cost  of  main- 
tenance and  energy  not  exceeding  the  cost  for  gas. 

Stockport, — A  carters'  strike  has  lx;en  in  progress  al 
Stockport  for  several  days,  and  there  were  fears  at  one  time  that 
the  electricity  supply  would  be  seriously  diminished,  owing  to  the 
uncertainty  of  securing  supplies  of  coal.  Last  Saturday,  however, 
a  fresh  supply  of  coal  was  obtained,  wagon  loads  being  escorted  by 
police  from  the  sidingrs  to  the  works. 


Stockton-on-Tees.— The  T.C.  has  arranged  with  the 
Cleveland  and  Durham  Electric  Power  Co.  for  a  supply  of  current 
between  10  p.m.  and  ti  a.m.,  or,  if  necessary,  between  6  p.m.  and 
(')  a.m.     This  will  obviate  the  expense  of  installing  additional  plant. 

Tonbrid(iCe. — The  Kent  County  Education  Committee 
has  decided  to  have  the  electric  light  installed  at  Sussex  Road 
Schools,  Tonbridge,  at  a  cost  of  £.")(i. 

Torquay. — The  question  of  electrically  illuminating  the 
gardens  immediately  adjoining  the  new  pavilion  is  under  considera- 
tion. The  engineer  has  been  directed  to  report  as  to  the  general 
use  of  electric  cookers  :  also  to  obtain  four  sample  street  lighting 
lamps  from  certain  firms,  and  to  fix  them  for  experimental  pur- 
poses. The  results  will  be  compared  with  the  1.000-c.P.  Osram 
lamps  now  in  use.  Current  is  to  be  supplied  to  tlame  arc  lamps 
outside  shop  premises  on  the  following  scale,  subject  to  the  type  of 
lamp  and  the  conditions  of  supply  being  approved  of  by  the 
engineer  in  each  instance  :—l,600-c. P.  lamps,  Id.  per  lamp  per 
hour  ;  2.400  C.P.,  Ud.  ;  .3,300  C.P.,  lid. 

Tunbridu:e  Wells.— The  E.L.   Committee  proposes  to 

convert  a  further  HO  gas  lamps  into  electric  lamps  in  those  streets 
in  the  town  in  which  electric  cables  are  laid. 

Watford. — The  North  wood  Electric  Light  and  Power 
Co.  having  applied  to  the  B.  of  T.  to  dispense  with  the  consent  of 
the  R.D.C.  to  its  extension  order,  the  B.  of  T.  deemed  it  advis- 
able for  the  promoters  of  the  Order  and  the  objectors  to  attend  a 
conference  in  London.    This  took  place  on  April  1st. 

The  T.C.  has  decided  to  alter  the  assessment  tariff  from  the 
present  rate  of  12J  per  cent,  plus  Id.  per  unit,  to  12i  per  cent, 
plus  Sd.  per  unit. 

Wimbledon. — The  Sub-Committee  appointed  to  consider 
and  deal  with  any  questions  arising  in  connection  with  the  supply 
of  electrical  energy  by  the  Council  to  the  Fixed  Price  Light  Co., 
Ltd.,  reports  that  it  has  instructed  the  borough  electrical  engineer 
to  prepare  and  submit  a  report  upon  the  fixed-price  light  system  of 
supply,  and  the  actual  and  probable  results  of  the  working  of  such 
system  in  Wimbledon  and  Merton,  including  the  question  of 
transformer  losses. 

\ork. — The  electricity  department  has  decided  to  reduce 
the  price  of  electricity  to  consumers  who  are  charged  on  the  flat 
rate  system,  and  from  April  1st  the  charge  is  to  be  3Jd.  per  unit 
for  all  consumptions  not  exceeding  4,000  units  per  quarter,  instead 
of  a  sliding  scale  of  4^d.  per  unit  to  3Jd.  per  unit,  according  to  con- 
sumption. The  reduction  has  been  brought  about  by  the  increasing 
demand  for  current,  and  the  more  economical  means  of  generation 
in  vogue  at  the  electricity  works. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Australia. — According  to  the  Board  of  Trade  Journal, 
the  Victorian  Government  has  authorised  the  chief  railway  com- 
missioner to  make  a  five  months"  tour  of  Europe  and  America 
in  order  to  study  the  working  of  electric  railways.  He  was  to 
leave  Australia  for  England  at  the  beginning  of  this  month. 

We  are  informed  by  Mr.  W.  G.  T.  Goodman,  general  manager  of 
the  Adelaide  Municipal  Tramways  Trust,  that  the  gross  revenne 
for  the  half-year  ended  January  31st  last  amounted  to  £154,013, 
or  £10,655  more  than  in  the  preceding  half-year.  The  capital  cost 
of  the  revenue  earning  portion  of  the  undertaking  was  £1,279,710, 
and  the  surplus  revenue  over  operating  expenses,  £52,(il0,  or  8'33 
per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  capital.  We  gather  that  the  revenue  was 
sufficient  to  meet  the  normal  expenditure  on  the  completed  electric 
traction  system  as  well  as  all  statutory  charges,  including  also 
interest  on  purchase  money. 

Be.\ley. — A  reorganisation  of  the  tramway  service, 
suggested  by  the  manager,  has  been  agreed  to  by  the  Council. 

Binji^ley. — The  Shipley  U.D.C.  has  given  consent  to  an 
extension  of  the  Bradford  Tramway  system  from  Nab  Wood  to 
Biugley,  on  condition  that  the  Bingley  U.D.C.  pays  it  £150  per 
annum  for  the  privilege.  The  Bingley  Council  has  communicated 
this  fact  to  the  Bradford  Corporation,  which  has  approved  the 
terms  of  the  Shipley  Council,  and  has  agreed  to  pay  the  £150 
annually  to  the  Bmgley  Council  during  the  term  of  the  lease  of  the 
Bingley  tramway  to  the  Bradford  Corporation. 

Birniingliani. — The  year's  working  of  the  Corporation 
tramways  resulted  in  traffic  receipts  amounting  to  £573,000,  or 
£1 50,000  above  those  of  the  previous  year.  As  concessions  in  fares 
amounting  to  over  £70,000  were  given  during  the  year,  it  is  not 
anticipated  that  the  amount  given  to  the  rates  will  exceed  that  in 
the  previous  year,  viz.,  £46,000. 

Bournemoutb. — A  scheme  for  running  railless  trolley 
vehicles  from  the  Square  to  Bnirnemouth  Pier,  and  along  the 
Undercliff  Drive  to  BoBcombe,  has  been  before  the  T.C.  The  esti- 
mated cost  is  £13,600,  and  a  net  profit  of  £1,500  per  annum  is 
anticipated.  The  scheme  was  opposed,  and  has  been  referred  to  a 
Committee  for  consideration. 


Vol.  72.    No.  l.'^n,,  Ai'itii,  II,  uti;i. 


THE    ELEOTBIOAL    EEViGEW. 


m\ 


Bradford, — 'Vhv  ^encnil  iniiiiii^jcr  of  llie  ('oi|)()iuLioii 
TramwayH  Doparlmoiit  huH  had  an  interview  with  an  inHjiictor  of  the 
B.  o(  T.  in  rofcrenct)  to  the  overturning  of  a  tratrcar  at  Allrrton 
during  a  ifalo,  and  an  a  rcHult  the  TramwavH  Ct  inniittce  huH 
decided  to  provide  wind  KauKeit  to  indicate  the  prevailini;  wind 
pressure  at  various  piirtn  of  the  tramway  Hy«tem. 

The  Tramways  Oommitteo  has  aleo  decided  to  accede  to  the 
BUirjrestion  of  the  Watch  Committee  that  constablcH  in  uniform 
should  1)0  allowed  to  ride  on  the  Corporation  tramcare  without 
payment  of  fares. 

The  preliminary  statement  of  the  working  of  the  Corporation 
tramways  ."or  the  year  endintr  March  Slst,  show  that  the  total 
receipts  amounted  to  £:;M),(i  10,  an  increase  on  the  previous  yfar'B 
fitrures  of  in.2M.  The  number  of  passenprers  carried  has  been 
62,000,000,  an  increase  on  the  previous  year  of  (i  millions.  The 
increase  id  larjcely  attributed  to  the  establitiiment  of  the  id.  fares 
on  cars  boarded  before  it  o'clock  in  the  morning. 

Burnley. — The  tramway  receipts  for  llie  year  cndinf^ 
March  Slst,  1913.  are  *7,r.iO  more  than  last  year,  r<  presenting  an 
increase  of  1, 181,000  passengers. 

Burr. — xVldernian  Collinge  aimounced  at  tlie  T.V.  meet- 
ing last  Thursday  that  the  tramway  profitt".  Bury  and  Ratclift'e  com- 
bined, for  the  year  just  ended,  would  reach  £10,800.  Of  this, 
£9,600  was  from  the  Bury  system,  and  £1,300  from  the  RadclitVe 
system.  Last  year  there  was  a  combined  profit  of  £8,.')50.  Traffic 
receipts  showed  an  increase  of  £1,2.')0,  and  the  working  expenses  a 
decreatie  of  £1,00(). 

Canada. — Among  Canadian  railroads  none  are  making 
more  progress  in  the  electrification  of  their  lines  than  the  (,'anadian 
Northern.  This  road  is  now  making  application  for  permission  to 
take  water  from  the  Nicolum  River,  British  Columbia,  which  joins 
the  Coquahalla,  about  11  miles  from  Hope,  for  the  purpose  of 
developing  hydro-electric  power.  If  sufficient  power  can  be 
generated  to  operate  the  Rocky  Mountain  division  by  electricity,  it 
is  stated  that  the  company  will  prepare  plans  for  the  construction 
of  a  power  plant  at  Yale.  It  is  also  the  intention  of  the  company 
to  tap  .Tones  Lake  in  the  mountains,  to  the  south  of  the  main  line 
below  Yale.     From  this  they  will  be  able  to  generate  .50,0' '0  ii  i". 

Continental  Motes.  —  Italy. — La  Sociotc  Elettrica 
Tranviaria  Litoreana  Viareggio-Versilia  has  secured  a  concession 
in  respect  of  a  projected  electric  tramway  between  Viareggio  and 
Forte-del-Marmi,  with  a  branch  to  Pietrasaito,  a  total  distance  of 
about  Hi  miles. 

Germany. — The  Mersburg  L^eberlandbahnen  Gesellfchaft  is  the 
name  of  a  new  company,  with  a  capital  of  £65,000,  which  has  been 
formed  to  work  the  new  light  electric  railway,  wk'ch  is  being  built 
between  Merseburg  and  Mucheln,  Saxony,  by  the  A. E.G.  The  line 
will  be  about  Hi  miles  long. 

Dewsbury. — A  communication  has  been  received  from 
the  Batley  Corporation  to  the  effect  that  it  cannot  undertake  the 
construction  of  a  tramway  line  from  the  borough  boundary. 

The  decision  of  the  Corporation  with  regard  to  a  physical  junction 
between  Shaw  Cross  and  Westborough  tramways  is  to  be  forwarded 
to  the  Batley  Corporation,  and  the  latter  is  to  be  asked  whether  it 
is  prepared  to  submit  an  amended  proposition. 

Doneaster. —  It  was  reported  to  the  Council  last  week 
that  Lient.-Col.  Druitt,  of  the  B.  of  T.,  had  inspected  the  new 
tramway  extension  to  Bentley,  and  expressed  satisfaction  with  it, 
and  that  the  latter  had  been  opened  for  service  at  a  fare  of  IJd.  for 
the  whole  distance,  the  route  being  divided  into  two  penny  over- 
lapping stages.  In  his  Budget  statement,  Alderman  Bentley, 
chairman  of  the  Finance  Committee,  pointed  out  that  the  tramways 
had  done  welllast  year,  coming  out  with  a  surplus  of  £471,  after 
providing  out  of  revenue  £('1,57  for  a  motor  tower  wagon.  The 
Royal  Show  was  a  great  help  to  the  tramways.  The  estimated 
capital  expenditure  for  the  coming  year  included  £43,186  for  the 
extension  of  the  tramways. 

Halifax. — The  receipts  of  the  ('orporation  Tramway 
Department  during  the  year  ended  March  Slst,  show  a  decrease  in 
the  profits  of  £3,839,  as  compared  with  1911  (£14,182.  as  against 
£18,021).  The  total  receipts  were  £105,970,  as  compared  with 
£101,893  in  1911,  while  the  expenditure  had  increased  from  £83,873 
to  £91,788.  The  number  of  passengers  carried  was  19,456,928,  as 
compaied  with  ]8,749,45<)  ;  the  miles  run  were  2,1  Si', 391,  as  against 
2,102,757.  Amongst  the  expenses  was  included  an  item  of  £861  in 
connection  with  the  abandonment  of  the  Parliamentary  Bill. 

Hastings. — There  seems  no  prospect  cf  any  agreement 
being  arrived  at  between  the  Corporation  and  the  tramways  com- 
pany in  connection  with  the  latter'sBill  before  Parliament  for  the 
adoption  of  overhead  traction  along  the  front  line  of  the  town  in 
lieu  of  the  Dolter  system,  which  the  B.  of  T.  will  only  allow  for  a 
few  months  longer.  The  Bill  is  expected  to  be  reached  in  the 
course  of  a  few  weeks,  and  present  appearances  point  to  a  keen 
fight.  The  frontagers  are  backing  up  the  Corporation  in  its 
opposition  to  overhead  wires.  In  some  quarters  self-propelled  tram- 
cars  are  being  advocated,  and  in  others  the  preference  is  given  to 
motor-'buses.  There  is  general  agreement  on  one  point — that 
the  existing  system,  with  its  noise  and  "flashing,"  is  most 
undesirable. 

Leedis. — The  returns  for  the  year  ending  March  8 1st. 
according  to  a  comparative  statement  just  issued,  show  that  the 
Corporation  tramways  have  had  another  prosperous  year.  Follow- 
ing an  increase  in  receipts  last  year  of  £24,900  (as  a  result  of 
certain  extensions),  the  increase  upon   the  1912  total  has  in  the 


year  juMt  ended  (when  tlieru  havn  li^'-n  no  i-i^j-ukkiuk  1  tx^n 
£16,212.  The  reeeipt«  w<re  £41  I, .'.H^.  The  num»j<r  of  mil'Ti  run 
ha«  Ijeen  K,79.S,46.',,  an  increuw?  of  267,f.OH.  The  numlx-r  of  j-m- 
HongerH  carried  ban  increnwd  by  3,616,242.  havinif  lK«n  H'J.^fiH, IK.'., 
an  ogainHt  HC,,02i;.i(3.  The  Bnioont  paid  in  fBrft  per  he»«l  of 
populatifin  had  increaced  from  l.'.t.  "d.  to  16«.  :id. 

Tho  opening  of  the  Liiwnxwood  extonnion  of  the  Corjiorttion 
tramways  hiiH  bien  delujid  owing  to  the  nex-i!"iiity  of  carrylruf  oat 
tho  recommendation  of  the  B.  of  T.  Innpector  an  to  widening  a 
portion  of  Otley  KoufI  to  60  ft. 

I.  and  Y.  Ilailway  Kleetrification.— 'I'hc  I-Hnc-aHhire 

and  Yorkshire  Railway  Co.  hiiH  inaufurntnl  new  electric  train 
services  to  Orniskirk,  thuH  completing  a  through  electrified  Byiitftm 
from  Liverpool  to  Orninkirk.  With  the  completion  of  the  erection 
of  the  new  battery  staticm  at  the  latter  town  a  full  Htrvite  of 
express  and  stopping  trains  will  shortly  be  »ub«titut«d  for  the 
present  limited  number  of  trains. 

London.— ('A.\iiiKitwi:i,i,. — The     Borough    Council    has 

received  a  reply  from  the  L.C.C.  to  its  letter  drawing  attention  U> 
the  dangerous  condition  of  the  tram  tracks  in  the  bfjrough.  more 
especially  between  Camberwell  Green  and  Rye  Lane,  to  the  effect 
that  it  is  proposed  to  relay  the  lines  in  Peckham  Road  within  the 
next  six  months,  but  that  in  the  meantime  steps  would  be  taken  to 
maintain  the  existing  lines  safe  for  vehicular  traffic.  This  reply  is 
not  considered  satisfactory. 

Hackney.— The  L  C.C.  has  advised  the  B  C.  that  it  proposes  at 
an  early  date  to  commence  the  reconstruction,  for  electrical 
traction,  of  the  existing  horse  tramways  in  a  portion  of  Ball's 
Pond  Road. 

Manchester.— The  question  of  traffic  congestion  in 
Manchester  has  engaged  a  great  deal  of  attention  recently, 
and  a  report  by  the  Lord  Mayor  at  the  Council  meeting 
last  week  contained  a  recommendation  that  the  Chairmen 
of  the  Improvement  and  Buildings  Committee,  the  Watch 
Committee,  and  the  Tramways  Committee,  together  with  the 
Surveyor,  the  Chief  Constable,  and  the  Tramways  Manager 
(assisted  by  the  tramways  permanent  way  engineer)  be  instructed  to 
visit,  at  an  early  e^ate,  either  collectively  or  separately,  and  make 
full  inquiries  in.  other  large  cities  in  this  country  and  abroad,  and 
report  the  result  for  the  benefit  of  the  committees  concerned,  who 
could  then  prepare  a  joint  report  and  recommendations  to  the  City 
Council.  The  question  was  discussed  for  an  hour,  and  several 
members  strongly  protested  against  the  proposal  to  send  deputations 
abroad.  Aid.  Bowes  (Chairman  of  the  Tramways  Committee)  said 
it  might  be  that  they  would  have  to  have  100  more  cars,  and  they 
would  have  to  consider  the  type  of  car  best  suited  for  the  city  It 
would  be  reckless  to  build  100  double-deck  cars,  for  it  might  be 
that  in  a  few  years  they  would  have  to  scrap  them  for  a  email 
single-deck  car.  A  resolution  confirming  the  visits  to  cities  m  this 
country  was  adopted,  but  eventuaUy  it  was  decided  to  refer  the 
whole  report  back  for  further  consideration. 

Mertiiyr.— The  tramways  aggregate  receipts  during  the 
past  quarter  show  an  increase  of  £378. 

Kelson. — A  record  in  re\enue  in  connection  with  the 
Corporation  tramway  undertaking  is  reported.  The  Committee 
estimated  a  profit  of  £450.  but  this  has  been  exceeded  by  £1,000. 
During  the  12  months  267,271  more  passengers  were  carried  than 
in  1911,  in  spite  of  the  abnormally  wet  summer. 

NCM'port  (fflou.).— Mr.  F.  .1.  Young,  manager  of  the 
Corporation  tramways,  has  drafted  a  report  in  which,  amongst 
other  recommendations  for  increasing  the  revenue  of  the  service,  he 
suggests  an  increase  of  a  id.  in  the  fares  on  each  of  the  stages  of 
the  various  routes.  It  is  also  suggested  that  there  should  be  an 
alteration  in  the  charges  for  supply  of  electric  power. 

South  Shields.— At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C.  on  the 
2nd  inst.,  Alderman  Wylie.  in  bringing  up  the  report  of  the  Tram- 
ways Committee,  mentioned  that  quite  recently  they  had  com- 
pleted seven  years'  working  of  the  tramways.  The  last  year, 
ended  on  March  Slst,  had  been  a  record  year,  the  revenue,  which 
was  over  £30,000,  was  £1,500  more  than  it  had  ever  been  before. 
During  the  past  seven  years  they  had  carried  more  than  50,000,000 
Daseecgers  During  the  past  12  months  the  traffic  receipts 
amounted  to  £33,516,  an  increase  of  £1,472.  The  passengers 
carried  numbered  8,456,688,  an  increase  of  424,200,  and  the  receipts 
per  car-mile  were  98d.,  an  increase  of  ■4d. 

Swansea.— The  aggregate  tramway  receipts  total 
£14, 541;  for  the  past  quarter,  showing  an  increase  of  £1,089. 

Wallasey. — The  T.C.  is  to  receive  a  recommendation  of 
the  Parliamentary  Committee  that  a  scheme  should  be  prepared  for 
promoting  a  Bill  in  Parliament  with  the  object  of  effecting  a 
number  of  improvements.  It  is  proposed,  among  other  things,  to 
extend  the  promenade  to  Harrison  Drive,  and  to  link  up  New 
Brighton  and  Wallasey  Village  by  means  of  a  tramway  along  the 
sea  front.     Powers  will  also  be  sought  to  run  motor-omnibuses. 

Wath. — The  inhabitants  of  Wath  appear  to  be  very  keen 
upon  a  system  of  railless  traction  being  taken  up  by  the  Councils  of 
Wath  and  the  surrounding  districts— Wombwell,  Darfield,  Bolton 
and  Thurnscoe.  The  Council  has  agreed  to  a  suggestion  that  the 
scheme  should  be  under  the  control  of  the  municii^>alities,  and  is 
agreeable  to  the  expenses  being  equally  divided  between  the  five 
Urban  Councils. 

Wigan.— At  a  meeting  of  the  B.C.  on  April  I'nd. 
Aid.  Ashton  reported  that,  for  the  year,  the  total  receipte  from 
tramway   fares   had  been  £71.290,  as  against  £66.328  for  1912.  or 


602 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  l,84f.,  April  11,  1913. 


an  increase  of  £-1,961.  The  total  receipts  were  £73,004,  as  com- 
pared with  £t)7,6G4,  an  increase  of  £.5.339.  The  total  payments 
were  estimated  to  be  £72,t52,  and  the  estimated  profit  £,5.")1.  That 
position  was  very  satisfactory  to  the  Committee  and  to  the  manage- 
ment. Councillor  Bradshaw  said  he  hoped  the  present  position 
would  be  the  beffinninp  of  better  days  for  the  tramways.  Last  year 
they  lost  over  £4,oOO,  and  to  havo  tume<l  that  into  a  profit  of  *500 
wa.s  a  splendid  achievement. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


.\ids  for  Dealaess. —  it  is  sjiid  tliat  deaf  persons  can 
hear  better  in  one  definite  pitch  than  in  others,  and  an  instrument 
ha.s  recently  been  devised  for  the  purpose  of  finding  the  exact  pitch 
at  which  a  partially  deaf  person's  hearing  becomes  sensitive.  It 
consists  of  a  series  of  microphones,  each  havinpr -carbon  balls  of 
different  size  and  (juality,  and  a  different  internal  resonance,  in  con- 
junction with  a  number  of  ear-jiieces. 

.iastralia. — The  Commonwealth  Court  of  Conciliation 
and  Arbitration  has  resumed  the  hearing:  of  the  claims  made  by 
the  Postal  Electricians  of  the  Federal  Public  Service,  which  was 
commenced  as  far  back  as  August,  1912.  The  wag'es  and  con- 
ditions asked  for  are  : — Mechanician,  £4.50  per  year  ;  exchange 
foreman,  maximum  £400,  minimum  £2.50  ;  foreman  mechanic, 
maximum  £400,  minimum  £2")0  ;  inspector,  maximum  £400, 
minimum  £250  ;  senior  mechanic,  £222  ;  mechanic,  £192  ;  junior 
and  cadet  mechanic,  from  £48  at  14  years  of  age,  to  £180  at  23 
years  of  age.  For  batterymen,  the  wages  claimed  are  : — Foreman 
batterymen.  £222  ;  batterymen,  £172.  Amongst  the  conditions 
asked  for  are  that,  where  continuous  day  work  is  in  existence,  44 
hours  shall  constitute  a  week's  work.  Where  time  is  worked  over 
the  stipulated  hours  it  shall  be  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  time  and  a 
half  for  the  first  five  hours,  and  after  the  first  five  hours  double 
time.  Where  an  officer  is  obliged,  through  no  fault  of  his  own,  to 
remain  in  a  grade  for  a  period  longer  than  five  years,  he  shall  be 
entitled  to  long-service  increments  of  £10  for  each  five  years  he 
may  remain  in  that  grade.  Entrance  to  the  staff'  shall  be  by 
examination. — AuxtrtiUan  Mining  Standard. 

Imperial  Wireless  System. — Mr.  Harold  Smith,  Mr. 

Terrell  and  Mr.  Harvey  having  resigned  from  the  Select  Committee 
on  the  Marconi  Agreement,  Sir  F.  Banbury,  Mr.  Butcher  and  Sir 
\V.  Essex  have  been  appointed  in  their  stead. 

The  scientific  committee  appointed  to  report  on  the  merits  of  the 
existing  systems  of  long-distance  wireless  telegraphy  was  at 
Copenhagen  on  Friday  last,  and  visited  the  Poulsen  station  at 
Lyngby. 

On  Wednesday  last  week  the  Select  Committee  on  the  Marconi 
-  contract  again  examined  Mr.  Herbert  Samuel,  mainly  with  regard 
to  the  dealings  in  American  Marconi  Co.  shares.  He  stated  that 
the  Treasury  objected  to  the  payment  of  a  fixed  royalty  to  the 
Marconi  Co.,  regardless  of  the  number  of  the  company's  patents  in 
use,  but  the  company  would  not  agree  to  any  reduction.  Throughout 
the  period  between  the  acceptance  of  the  tender  on  March  7th  and 
the  signing  of  the  contract  in  July,  communications  were  passing 
between  the  Government  Departments  and  between  them  and  the 
company  with  regard  to  the  precise  form  of  words  to  be  adopted  in 
the  contract  ;  that  was  the  sole  reason  why  the  contract  was  not 
signed  earlier  than  July  19th.  Mr.  Samuel  stated  that  he  had  not 
personally  met  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs  until  December  11th,  1912,  and 
that  every  interview  between  them  had  been  minuted  and  sent  to 
the  Committee.  He  had  no  reason  to  suppose  that  his  subordinates  had 
been  ''  got  at "  or  approached  by  interested  parties  in  any  way. 
He  could  not  account  for  the  origin  of  the  rumours  that  had  been 
circulated  alleging  corruption  on  the  part  of  his  department  and 
other  Ministers.  The  British  .Marconi  Co.  had  a  licence  for  trans- 
Atlantic  communication,  and  recently  a  licence  for  an  experimental 
station  in  Ireland  had  been  granted  to  the  Poulsen  ('o.  Licences 
were  granted  for  one  year  only,  but  there  was  a  reasonable  expec- 
tation of  their  renewal.  He  first  heard  of  the  purchase  of  American 
shares  about  the  end  of  July  ;  he  never  attached  any  importance 
to  it,  regarding  the  companies  as  quite  distinct. 

On  Thursday  the  Committee  sat  again,  and  took  the  evidence  of 
brokers  with  regard  to  the  America  purchases,  and  on  Monday 
further  evidence  of  this  nature  was  given. 

Mr.  Samuel  made  a  statement  regarding  his  previous  evidence, 
explaining  that  a  discrepancy  as  to  the  date  when  he  first  met 
Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs  was  due  to  an  oversight,  whereby  the  report  of 
an  interview  in  August  had  not  been  included  in  the  Blue-book 
which  was  presented  to  the  Committee.  It  was  an  error  on  the 
part  of  a  clerk.     The  Committee  sat  again  on  Wednesday. 

Telephone  Transfer. — The  Court  of  Appeal  has  fi.xed 
April  1.5th  for  the  hearing  of  cross-appeals  arising  out  of  the  arbi- 
tration between  the  National  Telephone  Co.  and  the  Postmaster- 
General,  relating  to  the  transfer  of  the  telephone  system  to  the 
Government. 

Wireless  .Vlarni.— I\Ir.  Kaymond  I'hillips.  the  inventor 
of  a  system  of  steering  airships  by  wireless  telegraphy,  last  week 
gave  a  demonstration  of  an  instrument  which  distributes  a  danger 
signal  capable  of  cutting  out  all  wireless  messages  passing  over  a 
circle  of  20  or  30  miles  radius.  Should  there  be  no  one  on  duty  in 
the  operating  room,  a  siren  is  made  to  operate,  arousing  the  officers 
and  wireless  experts  to  the  fact  that  a  neighbouring  ship  is  in  need 
of  aasiatance. 


Australia. — I^Iay  14th.  (ienerating  plant  for  Darwin 
Radiotelegraph  Station,  Northern  Territory.  See  "Official  Notices" 
to-day. 

ViCTOKiA.— May  30th.  High-tension  switchgear  with  remote 
control,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.  See  "Official  Notices  " 
March  2sth. 

April  ITith. — l,02(i,0o0  arc  lamp  carbons,  2(;. 900  carbon-filament 
incandescent  lamps,  and  bare  hard-drawn  copper  cables,  for  the 
Melbourne  City  Council.    See  "  Official  Notices"  March  28th. 

April  29th. — 20,000  yd.  of  3-in.  fibre  conduit,  for  the  Melbourne 
City  Council.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Sydney.— May  12th.  Fibre  conduit  for  the  City  Council. 
May  26th. — Meters  and  glazed  stoneware  bridges.  July  7th. — Arc 
lamp  carbons.  Specifications  10s.  t'.d.  for  each  section,  from  City 
Electrical  Engineer's  Department. — Anstralian  Mining  StanAurd. 

TASMANiA.^June  9th.  Telegraph  and  telephone  material  for 
the  P.M.G.'s  Department.    See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

QcKENSLAND. — May  21st.  Copper  wire  and  accessories,  for  the 
P.M.G.'s  Department.    See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Batley. — April  16th.  The  Electricity  ('ommittee  invites 
tenders  for  general  stores  for  the  electricity  works  for  12  months. 
Mr.  S.  Derwen  Jones,  engineer. 

Bedford. — April  23rd.  Carbon  and  metallic-filament 
incandescent  lamps,  for  a  year,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

Belgium. — April  2(>th.  The  lielgian  Post  and  Tele- 
graph authorities  (Salle  de  la  Madeleine),  Brussels,  are  inviting 
tenders  for  the  supply  of  1,200  m.  of  subfiuvial  and  240  m.  of  pub- 
marine  electric  cables. 

April  29th. — The  municipal  authorities  of  Schaerbeek,  near 
Brussels,  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  supply  of  a  large  quantity  of 
armoured  high-tension  cable,  and  for  the  establishment  and  etiuip- 
ment  of  1 1  static  transformer  boxes.  Particulars  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Service  de  I'lngenieur,  30,  Rue  de  la  Ruche,  Schaerbeek. 

Bradford. — April  17th.  Three-phase  and  continuous 
current  switchgear  for  two  sub-stations,  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  April  4th. 

Bristol. — April  Kith.  Arc  lamp  carbons  and  incan- 
descent electric  lamps  for  a  year,  for  the  Bristol  Docks  Committee. 
Mr.  W.  W.  Squire,  engineer,  Cumberland  Basin. 

Canada. — Wlnnitki;. — May  ISth.  City  Light  and 
Power  Department.  Two  three-phase  generators  of  .5,000  Kw.  for 
direct  connection  to  6,S00-H.i'.  water  turbines;  also  spare  parts. 
Chairman,  Board  of  Control.  Deposit,  £205.  Particulars,  Board  of 
Trade  Com.  Intel.  Department  in  London. 

Dover. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  invite  tenders  for  coal 

for  the  electricity  works  until  April,  1914. 

Dablin. — April  24th.  lligh-tension  and  low-tension 
switchgear,  cables  and  accessories,  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"Official  Notices"  to-day. 

France. — Saint    Jukrv,    Taun    Detartsient. — April 

27th.  The  Municipality  requests  tenders  for  the  supply  of  two 
groups  of  electric  lifts  (('levatoires  rlectriques)  and  accessory  piping 
(conduite  d'aspiration).     Particulars  at  the  Mairie. 

Rennes.— April  ^x\h.  Supply  and  erection  at-the  port  of  St. 
Malo-St.  Servan  of  two  centrifugal  pumps,  two  electric  motors  and 
accessory  lines  ;  also  for  electric  plant  for  opening  and  closing 
sluice  gates  and  sewer  outlets,  and  for  working  a  footbridge  over 
the  same.  Particulars  from  the  Ingenieur-en-chef  des  Pouts  et 
Chaussi'es,  3,  Rue  de  Fougc'res,  Rennes,  France. 

Lisnaskea    (Co.    Fermana<:^li).  —  April    I4th.      Gas 

engine  and  suction  gas  plant,  dynamo  and  booster,  battery,  wood 
poles,  overhead  mains,  ,V:c.,  and  switchboard,  for  the  Lisna.skea 
Electric  Light  Co.,  Ltd.     See  "Official  Notices"  March  28th. 

Liverpool. — April  isth.  Electric  light  and  power 
installation  at  the  Highfield  Infirmary,  Knotty  Ash,  for  the  Select 
Vestry.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

London. — L.(.'.C. — April  l.'')th.  Electrical  installation 
at  Jeffryes'  Almshouses,  Shoreditch.  See  "  Official  Notices " 
April  4  th. 

April  23rd. — Electrical  installation  at  Shadwell  High  Street 
Special  School.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  Ith. 

Fui.HAM. — April  23rd.  6,000  tons  of  nutty  slack  coal,  for  the 
B.C.  Electricity  Works.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  4th. 

SOKTHWAKK. — April  23rd.  Two  l)oilers,  with  fan,  economiser 
and  conveyors,  ttvo  1, 500- kw.  generators,  four  converters,  switch- 
board, barometric  condenser,  cooling  tower  and  steel  structure,  for 
the  B.C.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day.  » 

Metropolitan  Asvuj.m.s  Boaud.  .\pril  23rd.  Electric  light 
installation  in  the  Laundry  Block  and  Block  No.  12  at  the  Grove 
Fever  Hospital,  Tooting  (Jraveney.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Manchester. — Ai)ril  l.'ith.  (a)  'J'ramway  rail  bonds  ; 
(6)  Hard-drawn  copper  trolley  wire;  ('•)  Steel  tramway  poles: 
((/)  Span  drive  brackets  for  tramway  poles  ;  («)  Granite  setts.  Mr. 
J.  M.  McElroy,  General  Manager.  For  (<•)  and  id)  a  deposit  of 
£1  Is.  is  required. 

April  23rd. — e.h.t.  switchgear,  low-pressure  steam  and  water 
pipes,  hot- well,  valves.  &c.,  and  two  50-h.p.  three-phase  motors  for 
cooling  towers,  for  the  Corjwration.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

(Gm/inliifti  on   por/P  607.) 


Vol.  72.    No.  i,.si(i,  Aviiu,  II,  iyi:i. 


TllM    I'U.I'KJTJlKJAL    KKV1I':VV, 


(;oi{ 


ELECTRICITY  SUPPLY  IN  THE 
POTTERIES. 

As  many  of  our  readers  arc,  no  doubt,  aware,  the  modern 
Stoke-on-'I'rent  cnme  into  hcin<j  olliciully  just  tlireo  years 
af,'o,  when  tlic 
several  conti<iMous 
towns,  coiniuouly 
known  as  tlu;  I'oL- 
teries,  and  extend- 
ing for  a  distiince 
of  about  10  miles 
along  the  Trent 
valley,  were,  by 
Act  of  Parlia- 
ment federated 
into  one  county 
borough. 

From  tlie  point 
of  view  of  elec- 
tricity supply,  tlie 
amalgiiniation  of 
the  local  govern- 
ment of  these 
several  adjoin- 
ing towns,  which 
comprise  Hurslem, 
Fenton,  llanlcy, 
Longton,  Htoke  and 
Tunstall,  introduced 
a  rather  involved 
problem,  not  only 
because  four  of  the 

towns  had  electricity  undertakings  in  existence,  three 
giving  direct- current  supplies  in  each  case  at  a  different 
pressure — (viz.,  Hurslem,  220  and  440  volts  ;  Longton, 
230  and  4(;0    volts  ;    and   Stoke,    240   and   480    volts)— 


Fig.  1. — Three-phase  e.h.t.  Switchboard,  New  P(jwer  Station,  Stoke-on-Tkent. 


{)roviHi()ns  of  the  i-'ederatlon  Act  and  the  kxa!  conditions 

existing  in  the  area. 

As  regards  the  Kcderution  Act,  adaugc  wtiHinttcrtc/l  which 
compels  the  (Jas  and  Klectricity  ('oinmitU;eH  in  that  urMi  tf> 
so  conduct  the  various  works  that  no  profit,  shall  U;rniide  which 
can  be  liandc(|  over  in  reduction  of  the  niUjs,  and,  in  [loint  of 

f;i<t,  each  of  the 
uiiflcrtakingsiH  rxjn- 
diicU-d  as  a  distinct 
business  financially, 
not  only  the  teeh- 
njiiil  fejitures  but 
the  charges  for 
electricity  varying 
in  each  concern, 
although,  of  coursf;, 
the  management  of 
all  is  (M^nLraliwd 
under  Mr.  (J.  H. 
Yeaman,  who  took 
charge  when  the 
federation  be(»nie 
an  accomplished 
fact. 

The  I'urslem 
works  are  alx)nt  3 
miles  north  of  the 
Hanley  works,  and 
the  latter  are  1,^ 
miles  north  of  those 
at  Stoke,  and  ?> 
miles  north-west  of 
those  at  Longton. 
From  Burslem  the 
district  of  "Wolstanton,  outside  the  federated  area,  is  supplied, 
and  Tunstall,  while  Fenton,  lying  between  Stoke  and  Longton, 
is  supplied  from  both  these  places,  pending  the  completion 
of  a  scheme  for  h.t.  supply  which  has  been  agreed  on. 


J 


Fio.  2. — Interior  op  the  New  Thwer  Station,  Stoke-ox-Trent,  Showing  the  Turbine  Plant,  Motor-Generators 

AND  Switchboard, 

and    one    an   alternating-current    supply    (Hanley,   single-  The  population   of  the  combined  area  is  235,000,  but 

phase,  100,  200  and  400  volts),  but  also  by  reason  of  the       despite  this  it  has  a  comparatively  low  rateable  value,  and 


604 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [voi.  72.   No.  1,841;,  apbil  11,1913 


■ 

^m^^^^H^ 

-^ 

■ 

m 

ill 

itM£^B|HB^nK^9^^HHH 

1 

1 

i 

^W^KsP^^^HwIIEj 

^^^^k  'dtfSfl 

^' 

fuSK^^Ty^^^^S^^^^s 

s 

1 

^N@^9hj]              i 

IP 

f 

i 

^^SP" 

Fig.  3.— TllBEE-PHASE 


does  not  offer  either 
in  its  inhabitants. 
who  are  mostly  em- 
ployed in  the  local 
pottery  works,  or  in 
its  industries,  which 
employ  a  compara- 
tively small  amount 
of  power,  the  scope 
for  extensive  elec- 
tricity supply,  which 
is  found  in  some 
industrial  boroup^hs 
havinfr  smaller 
populations.  But 
once  the  federation 
scheme  came  into 
effect,  it  became 
necessary  to  settle 
on  some  definite 
future  policy  in 
regard  to  electricity 
supply  in  the  area, 
in  view  of  the  future 


TO  Sixule-phask  Motok-Generatoks3for  Supplementin 
THE  Hanley  Supply. 


Fk;.  1.- 


^rowth  of  the  demand,  and  this  by  no 
means  easy  task  fell  to  Mr.  Yeaman,  who, 
after  conS?derin<;  various  schemes,  event- 
ually recommended  the  provision  of  a 
central  ))ower  station  to  supplement  by 
means  of  bulk  supplies  delivered  to  the 
existinjj  stations,  the  generating  capacity 
of  the  latter.  This  arrangement  enables 
the  most  economical  adjustment  of  load 
as  between  the  bulk  supply  and  local 
stations  to  be  made,  each  local  station 
being  debited  with  the  actual  cost  of  the 
sup])ly  given  to  it. 

The  bulk  supply   scheme   which   has 
been   carried   out  on  these    lines   at  a 
cost    of     l'(;(t,(iiH>    approximately,    was 
oflicially      inaugurated     yesterday  ;     it 
includes  a  central    power  house,  which 
has  been    built   on  land    adjoining  the 
original  Hanley  generating  station,  and 
contains  turbo-generating  plant  supply- 
ing three-phase  current  at  50  cycles  and 
(1,000 — (;,(;(>()  volts  ;  three-phase  trans- 
missions to  the  original  stations  at  Stoke, 
Iturslem  and  Long- 
ton,   where   h.t. 
transforming     and 
converting  plant  has 
been  installed ;  also 
the     provision    of 
three  -  phase    to 
single  -  phase    con- 
verting plant  in  the 
power  station  itself 
for   feeding    the 
Hanley     network 
through    the    ad- 
jacent station. 

The  plant  in- 
stalled at  the  new 
power  station  con- 
sists of  three 
standard  pattern 
five-drum  Stirling 
boilers,  each  of 
18,!H)0  lb.  eva|X)r- 
ative    capacity   and 

■    T,  ^.       T,  c.  c  r,.  designed     for    a 

Condensing  Plant,  New  Power  Station,  STOKE-nN-lisENT.  P. 

working    pres- 


BAL    POWER    HOUSE 


Fio.  .5.— SKELETON  Plan  of  the  FEnEKATED  Area, 
8R0WINU  Existing  (Jenekating  Stations. 


Fig.  ().— View 


I   THE  SriRi.iNii  liiiiLEUs,  Coal  Uunkeks, 
AT  THE  New  Power  Station. 


Vol.  7a.     No.  I.hk;,  Aimui,  II,  l!ti:). 


TFIKi    FJiKCTUICAIi    RKVIKW, 


eo6 


Hiirc   of    I'Od    Ih.    per  S(|.    in.  ;    Llic    l)<)il(;rM    iirc    liUcd    wiLli 

iiiL('f,'ral  HUpcrhcaLens  to  iinparL  ii  Hiipnlicat  oC  l  jn  —  itin    \ 

travelliiii?    Htokers    by     tlie     I'lKlcrtVcd 

Stoker  Cc,  and  forcctd  fan   dniu^dit,  and 

the  burnt  ^ascs  discliarf^e  throii<^h  steel 

stacks  standiiif^  On  ft.  hij,di   alioNc  jjrate 

level.      l''Liel  for  tlic  station   is  obtained 

from    local   ]iits,  the    carts    from   which 

discharf,'e    into    a    hopper    outside    the 

boiler  house  ;  from  the  hopper  the  coal 

passes  throu^'h  a  two-roll  crusher  on  to  a 

short     tray     conveyor     leadinf,'     to     a 

filler,    which    feeds  an  ordinary  endless 

bucket-pattern    coal    and    ash   conveyor 

running  through  the  ash  basement  and 

over    steel     bunkers    erected    over    the 

firing  floor.     The  bucket  conveyor  lias  a 

capacity  of  l'5  tons  per  hour. 

From  the  bunkers,  the  contents  of 
which  will  run  the  station  for  IS  liours, 
the  coal  falls  by  gravity  through 
automatic  weighing  machines  and 
spouts  to  the  stoker  hoppers  in  the  usual  way. 
The   conveyor   gear   and    bunkers    were    supplied    by    the 


li         fci(l-|,iiiMp    (ri.OOO    gak    p.;r    li-.m  ,    un>l     a    W.^mingliouiie 
eleitrically-driven    [aiinp,  aluo  Htoriv,  and  oflicui. 


Ol'    THK    NliW    POWKK    STATION. 


In   the  engine  room  are  installed  two  l,r)00-K\v.  Howden- 
Sieaicns  turbo-alternators,  the  turbines  being  of  the  Zoelly 


FiQ.  8. — Plan  showing  the  General  Lay-out  oi-  New  Power  Station,  Stoke-on-Tkent. 


New   Conveyor    Co.      Our    view,    fig.    i;,    gives    a    good 
idea  of  the  boiler  plant  at  present  installed  ;  the  building 


¥w.  it. — Switchboard,  with  Convekters  in  Foueground,  Longtos 

will  accommodate  two  further  boilers  with  the  necessary 
bunker  capacity,  the  ash  hopper  coming  midway  between  the 
existing  and  future  bunkers  as  shown  in  the  plan,  lig.  S. 

At  the   permanent  end    of    the    boiler    house    (one    end 
being  temporary)  is  a  pump  room  containing  a  AVeir  steam 


impulse  type  (steam  consumption,  IC-S  lb.  per  Kw.-hour  on 

full  load)  coupled  to  three-phase  totally  enclosed  generators 
constructed  for  foi'ced  ventilation  with 
rotor  fans  and  to  run  at  a  speed  of 
0,000  u.i'.Ji. 

Air  filters  in  connection  with  these 
machines  are  situated  in  the  basement 
and  coupled  up  by  means  of  ducts,  and 
the  cool  air,  which  is  drawn  through 
the  II. T.  switch  chambers,  is,  after 
passing  through  the  machines,  discharged 
into  the  engine  room. 

Each  generator  is  rated  at  l.oOO  Kw. 
at  'S  power  factor,  and  running  at  3,090 
u.i'.M.  delivers  three-phase  current  at 
(■>,000-(),(!00  volts,  and  ol-S  cycles.  An 
overload  capacity  of  25  per  cent,  for 
two  hours,  or  50  per  cent,  for  10 
minutes,  and  short  circuit  running  on 
full-load  excitation  for  one  minute  was 
specified. 

With  constant  speed  and  excitation 
the  inlierent  regulation  is  such  that  the 
pressure  rise  above  ii,i)00  volts  when 
full  load  is  thrown  off  will  not  exceed  at 

unity  power  factor,  8  per  cent.  ;    and  at  -s  power  factor, 

22  per  cent. 

The  exciters  arc  of  the  overhung  tyjx?,  sliunt  wound  and 

designed  to  work  at  100  volts. 

Each   turbine  exhausts  direct   into  a  surface  condenser 


606 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  l,84r,,  Apiul  11,  1913. 


situated  in  the  basement  below,  where  also  are  electrically- 
driven  Mirrlees-Edwards  twin  air  pumps  and  Rees  Roturbo 
centrifugal  circulating  pumps.     The  former  are  combined 


Fig.  10. — We(>tisghocse  Rotaeies  and  Traxsfokmers,  Loxgton  Station 


with  double-acting 
hot-well  pumps,  and 
are  gear  driven  from 
•J-H.p.  three-phase 
motors,  while  the 
latter  are  coupled 
to  48 -H. p.  three- 
phase  motors, 
each  delivering 
132',0(i0  gallons  per 
hour  over  the 
cooling  tower  men- 
tioned below.  The 
condenser  system 
is  worked  in  con- 
junction with  a 
Davenport  cooling 
tower,  one  of  three 
which  can  be  ac- 
commodated be- 
tween the  exist- 
ing buildings  and 
the  Cauldon  branch 
of  the  Trent  and 
Mersey  Canal,  which 
is  situated  about  150  ft.  behind  the 
station. 

A  special  suction  dock,  fitted  with 
an  electrically-driven  "Brackett"  screen, 
has  also  been  constructed  on  the  canal 
side,  EC  that  circulating  water  can  be 
drawn  from  the  canal  or  cooling  tower 
pond  as  rerjuired  :  a  separate  motor- 
driven  pump  is  installed  for  supplying 
make-up  water  to  the  cooling  pond  and 
hot- well. 

As  previously  mentioned,  the  new 
station  also  contains  what  is  in  effect 
sub- station  plant  for  supplying  the 
Hanley  single  -  phase  network.  This 
consists  of  two  t',00-Kw.  Siemens  induc- 
tion type  motor-generators  ;  the  motors 
ran  on  the  r,,r)00-volt  .")0-cycle  three- 
phase  supply,  and  drive  single-phase 
machines  with  exciters,  generating 
current  at  100  cycles  and  2,200  volts 
for  supplementing  the  plant  in  the 
adjoining  Hanley  station. 

The  whole  of  the  three-phase  switch- 
gear  installed    both  in    the    new    power 


Fig.  11. — E  H.T.  SWITCH  CrniCLEP  atSthe  Old  stoke  Oenekatixg  Statiox. 


station  and  local  stations  is  of  AVestinghouse  standard 
pattern,  with  remote-controlled  solenoid-operated  oil  switches 
installed  in  masonry  cubicles  of  the  type  shown  in  fig.  11. 

It  has  been  designed  and  is  guaranteed 
to  break  on  a  dead  short  with  li,()UU  kw. 
(ij'.,  the  ultimate  capacity  of  the  station) 
behind  it. 

The  board  consists  of  15  panels,  in- 
cluding two  alternator  panels  equipped 
with  the  necessary  switchgear,  induc- 
tion-type ammeters,  polyphase  indi- 
cating wattmeters,  power-factor  indi- 
cators, and  integrating  watt-hour  meters. 
Two  K.H.T.  summation  panels  are  fitted 
with  Bristol  recording  voltmeters,  fre- 
quency indicators,  wattmeters,  watt-hour 
meters  and  recording  ammeters.  An 
E.ii.T.  bus-bar  coupler  panel  is  fitted 
with  a  synchroscope  and  the  necessary 
gear  tor  paralleling  the  alternators. 

A  Brown-F)Overi  automatic  pressure 
regulator  is  provided  and  arranged  to 
control  one,  two  or  three  turbo-alter- 
nators ;  it  is  provided  with  three  double- 
pole  change-over  switches  suitable  for 
use  in  the  exciter  field  circuits :  one 
pressure  and  one  current  transformer. 

There  are  four  outgoing  feeder  panels, 
each  fitted  with  polyphase  overload 
and  inverse  time- 
limit  relays  ;  four 
further  panels  are 
provided  for 
controlling  the 
H.T.  and  L  .  T  . 
sides  of  the  two 
G  0  0  -  K  w .  motor- 
generator  sets  in- 
stalled in  connec- 
tion with  the  Han- 
ley supply. 

Fivesetsof  Merz- 
Price  protective 
gear  are  provided 
for  future  use 
in  connection  with 
the  K.H.T.  trans- 
missions to  the 
other  stations. 

An  auxiliary 
board  controls  the 
station  battery,  the 
secondary  station 
transformers  and 
distribution. 


Fig.  12.— La-C'hcr  Motou-Coxveuteiis,  e.ii.t.  Switch  Cubicles  akd  Control 
Panels,  at  tiik  Old  Stoke  Station. 


Vol.  72.     No.  l.Kii;,  Antii,  1 1,  I'.li:). 


TOK    ELECTRICAL    RRVIEW. 


eo7 


'I'Ik!  swilcli  and  l)iis-lmrc,ul)iolen  iiL  tlu'  power  liousi;  occupy 
two  pamll(!l  bascinotit  cliaml)CiH  IxMiealli  l,lico|K!ratiiii^  Hwitch- 
board,  an  sliown  in  lisj.  7  ;  the  auxiliary  ciirntrit  for  excitation 
and  operating  the  remote  control  i.s  Hiipplied  hy  a  battery 
of  (10  D.i'.  (Hills,  and  ;iOO  ampere-hours  capacity,  in 
connection  with  which  a  ."iO-KW.  I'cebles  in()tor-{.jenerator 
is  installed  for  chartrinp;  purposes.  Our  \  low  (fig.  2) 
gives  a  good  idea  of  the  interior  of  the  engine  room, 
a  featui'e  of  which  is  the  arrangement  of  the  switch  panels 
flush  with  th(!  wall,  and  on  a  platform  raised  only  slightly 
above  tlie  general  floor  level  ;  as  will  be  seen,  the  engine 
room  is  excellently  lighted,  while  the  arrangement  adojtted 
also  enables  ample  light  to  be  obtained  in  the  boiler  house, 
and  particularly  on  the  firing  tloor,  which  is  lighted  by 
large  side  windows,  and  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired  in  this 
respect. 

The  whole  of  the  three-phase  K.ii.r.  mains  running  to  the 
old  stations  were  supplied  and  laid  by  Messrs.  Callcnder's 
Cable  Co.  ;  they  are  of  the  paper-insulated,  lead-sheathed, 
wire-armoured  type,  laid  on  the  solid  system  in  stoneware 
trougliing. 

Outside  the  generating  station,  the  cables  were  drawn  into 
8-in.  pipes,  and  a  number  of  spare  pipes  are  provided  for 
future  re(|uirements. 

The  ends  of  the  feeders  in  each  station  are  finished  oil'  in 
cast-iron  dividing  boxes,  the  connections  to  the  bus-bars 
being  made  by  single-conductor  rubber-insulated  lead-sheathed 
cables.  Some  2:5,000  yd.  of  K.H.r.  main  have  been  laid, 
as  well  as  a  considerable  number  of  li.i'.  distributor  cables 
for  230-IGO-voIt  service. 

As  regards  the  original  stations,  the  Burslem  works  were 
opened  in  liJOf),  and  supply  at  440  volts  for  power  and  220 
volts  for  lighting  on  the  three-wire  continuous-current  system. 
The  plant,  in  combination  with  a  Heenan  &  Froude  three- 
cell  destructor,  comprises  four  water-tube  Babcock  boilers, 
three  Howden-Dick,  Kerr  generating  sets  respectively  of  100, 
200  and  ;!50-k\v.  capacity  and  an  exhaust  and  live  steam 
Belliss-Siemens  turbo-dynamo  of  (iOO  kw.,  with  one  Storey 
condenser. 

The  Hanley  works  were  opened  in  1894,  and  supply  on 
the  alternating-current  system  at  2,0<>0  volts,  lOo  cycles, 
single-phase,  and  distribute  from  some  Gi>  sub-stations  at 
400  volts  for  power  and  IdO  or  2()(t  volts  for  lighting.  The 
plant  consists  of  two  Ferranti  alternators  with  rotating 
armatures,  respectively  of  3(i0  and  G(K)-kw.  capacity,  and  two 
Howden-Westinghouse  .300-k.v.a.  sets  with  rotating  fields, 
each  fitted  with  a  condenser.  Steam  is  raised  in  nine  Lanca- 
shire boilers,  three  fitted  with  Bolton  superheaters  and  three 
with  Bennis  mechanical  stokers.  Some  of  the  plant  in 
regular  use  has  been  at  work  nearly  111  years. 

The  Longton  works  are  in  the  local  gasworks  yard  and 
commenced  supply  in  1901.  Supply  is  given  at  4(i0  volts 
for  power  and  230  volts  for  lighting.  The  system  is  a  direct 
current  one  with  three-wire  distribution.  The  plant  com- 
prises three  steam  generators,  two  two-pole  machines  of 
150  KW.  each,  and  one  multipolar  machine  of  300  K\v.,  all 
of  E.C.C.  make  and  driven  by  Belliss  engines  ;  three  Bab- 
cock boilers  fitted  with  chain-grate  stokers.  The  station  is 
run  non-condensing.  .\  Chloride  battery  takes  the  light 
loads. 

The  Stoke  works  were  started  in  1904,  and  supply  power 
at  480  volts  and  lighting  at  240  volts  on  a  direct-current 
three-wire  system.  The  plant  consists  of  four  Willans- 
Dick,  Kerr  generators,  two  of  l.")0  k\v.  and  two  of  250  kw., 
with  two  condensing  sets  and  a  Tudor  battery.  Steam  is 
supplied  from  one  Lancashire  boiler  heated  by  the  gases 
from  three  cells  of  a  Meldrum  destructor  and  two  Babcock 
coal-fired  boilers. 

As  regards  the  latter  station,  the  engine  room  has  been 
extended,  and  two  5()0-k\v.  lia  Cour  motor-converters  have 
been  installed,  together  with  three-phase  and  direct-current 
switcbgear.  Our  views,  figs.  1 1  and  12,  show  the  general  lay- 
out of  this  plant,  fig.  11,  in  particular,  giving  a  good  idea 
of  the  cubicle  work  which  is  similar  to  that  in  the  other 
stations. 

The  direct-current  panels  for  the  converters  have  been 
added  to  the  original  switchboard,  situated  on  a  gallery 
at  the  other  end  of  the  building.  At  Longton,  two 
300-KW.  Wesbinghouse  rotary  converters  with  three-phase 
oil-cooled   transformers  have   been   installed,  as  shown   in 


lig.  10  ;  the  neo  Hsjiry  Hwit<:b  {Minelit  lutve  b«:n  w\(M  Ut  the 
original  HwitchlKjard  Hhown  in  fig.  '.»,  the  thri*-phmn; 
paneJH,  uh  in  the  other  cmvh.  Using  of  l\u:  nmioUt-cnnliol 
pattern,  with  the  oil  HwitchcM  in  cnbidcH  in  thijt  cuMt  in  an 
annexe  to  the  station. 

The  I'.iirslini  plant  extcnmons  conHiHt  of  two  HOO-KW. 
Westinghouse  rotary  converterB  with  utarting  motorH. 
booHters,  and  cxcitera,  and  the  nccf«(«iry  triin«forining 
appanituH,  three-pha«e  and  direct-current  HwiU-hgear  ;  tluH 
plant  is  arranged  t<)  tun  inverted  in  regular  Hcrvire,  while 
the  converting  plant  ut  SKjkc  could  in  emergency  Ix; 
similarly  used. 

I'liderMr.  Veamun's management  tliecommercialand  tech- 
nical control  of  the  various  undertakings  has  lx;en  (^ntraliBcd 
at  St.  I'eter's  (Miami)er.s  adjoining  the  Stoke-on-Trent  Town 
Hall,  where  a  complete  suiU;  of  oIljceH  has  been  provided  ;  it 
is  almost  unnecessary  for  us  to  add  that  so  far  aa  detail 
organisation  can  \>e  provided  to  ensure  the  etlicient  amlrol 
of  the  various  undertakings  which,  as  previout^ly  mentioned, 
are  financially  independent,  this  bag  licen  provided  by 
Mr.  Veamau. 

The  scheme  which  has  been  successfully  carried  to  com- 
pletion aroused  very  great  interest  locally.  The  Electricity 
Committee,  of  which  Alderman  Leece  has  been  an  indefatig- 
able chairman,  and  Mr.  Veaman,  its  engineer,  visited  some 
of  the  best  known  electricity  works  in  the  country  before 
submitting  their  proposals  to  the  Council,  and  at  a  later  date 
these  were  endorsed  by  Mr.  J.  F.  C.  Snell  and  thoroughly 
investigated  by  Mr.  H.  Ross  lloojier  at  a  Local  Govern- 
ment Board  incpiiry,  which  resulted  in  the  scheme  being 
sanctioned. 

It  offers  a  satisfactory  solution  to  a  problem  fraught  with 
many  dilliculties,  and  undoubtedly  places  the  federated 
towns  in  the  best  possible  position,  under  existing  circum- 
stances, to  develop  their  electricity  supply  undertaking  on 
rational  lines. 

Our  congratulations  are  due  to  Mr.  C.  H.  '^'eaman,  the 
chief  engineer,  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  facilities  for 
preparing  this  short  description. 


CONTRACTS    OPEN. 


(^Continued  f null  jiiiye  G02.) 

Kewcastle-on-Tvne. — April  23rd.  EJl.T.  three-phase 
leid-covered  paper  cable  and  sing'le  conductor  l.t.  lead-covered 
paper  cable,  for  the  Corporation  Tramways  Committee.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Newport.— April  26th.  One  2,000-2,500-K\\-.  steam 
turbo-alternator,  surface  condensiug  plant,  one  fiOO-KW.  d.c. 
grenerator,  and  e.h.t.  and  l.t.  switcbgear,  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Salford. — May  19th.  Tenders  invited  for  10  car  bodies 
and  10  Brill  trucks.  General  Manager,  ;!2,  Black  friars  Street, 
Salford. 

Servia. — April  2(;th.  The  Servian  telegraph  authorities 
in  Belgrade  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  supply  of  125  km.  Cabout 
7S  miles)  of  insulated  copper  wire. 

South  .4frica. —  l)rRn.\x. — May  28th.  Electric  meter- 
testing  equipment,  for  the  Council.  Copy  of  speci  Heat  ion,  A.3.,  may 
be  seen  at  Board  of  Trade  Com.  Intel.  Dept.  in  London. 


CLOSED. 


Arg;eatine. — The  Argentine  Government  has  accepted 
the  tender  of  the  Augsburg  Maschinenfabrik  Gesellschaft,  of 
Augsburfi',  for  the  supply  of  no  less  than  ".">  electric  cranes  for  the 
port  of  Buenos  Avres,  with  six  sets  of  spares,  at  a  total  cost  of 
£lS,.->00. 

Belp^iani, — Eight  German  firms  and  only  one  Belgian 
submitted  tenders  last  week  to  the  municipal  authorities  of  Iseiles 
for  the  supply  of  a  large  quantity  of  low-tension  armoured  cable, 
the  lowest  offer  being  that  of  Messrs.  Felten  &  Guilleanme,  of 
Mulheim-am-Rhine. 

Bury. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  following  tenders  : — 

W,  T.  Glover  .^  Co  ,  l.iil      Ciible. 

Britisli  Westiughouse  Co  ,  Lid.— Eiiiiipmeiit  for  four  oars. 

Canterbury. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  pnrchase  13  of 
the  General  Electric  Co.'s  "Angold"'  electric  arc  lamps  for  main 
street  lighting. 


608 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [VoL72.  No.  i.846,  April  n,  1913. 


Barrow. — The  T.C.,  on  April  7tb,  approved  of  the 
acceptance  of  the  tender  of  the  B.I.  and  Heleby  Cables,  Ltd.,  for 
cable,  at  £1,324  ;  also  the  offer  of  the  British  Weatinirhouge  E.  &  M. 
Co.,  Ltd.,  for  an  additional  150-KW.  rotary  converter,  together  with 
the  necessary  rheostats,  at  £658  ;  and  for  additional  sivitchboards, 
at  £18.{. 

The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the  following  tenders  : — 

Engine  and  cylinder  oils.— Jas.  Light  4  Son,  Ltd. 

Crank  chan)ber  oil.— StemSonnebom  Oil  Co.,  Ltd. 

Meul  polish.— Glare  Metal  Polish  Co.,  Ltd. 

Shellac  varnish,  Ac— W.  Geijiel  A  Co. 

Prepared  tape.— A.  Artsine. 

Insulating  compound,  &c.— Dossek  Bitumen  Co. 

Switches,  4c.— H.  C.  Barlow  &  Co. 

Tin  lead  fuse  wire,  4c.— Baxendale  Bros. 

Carboqs. — Ship  Carbons,  Ltd. 

Arc  lamp  globts,  Ac.-Falk,  SUdelmann  A  Co.,  Ltd. 

Joint  boxes,  4c.-  Sykes  4  Sugden,  Ltd. 

Switch  catouts.- B.l.  and  Belebv  Cab'es,  Ltd. 

Electiic  meters —Chamberlain  *  Hookham,  Ltd. 

Ele^irolyiic  midget  meters.  4c.— Reason  Manuiaoturing  Co.,  Lid. 

Tantalum,  Ac,  lamps.— Drake  4  Gorham,  Ltd. 

Carboa-tilament  lamps.     Radium  Electric  Co. 

Earthenware  pipes,  4c.— Doulton  4  Co.,  Ltd. 

Linen  tape  and  rubber  glove?.- L.  Andrew  4  Co. 

Brass  saddles  and  pins. — Veritys,  Ltd. 

Cape  Town. — The  following  tenders  were  received  for 
wiring  the  new  factory  of  Lever  Bros.  (South  Africa),  Ltd.,  at  Salt 
River : — 

Screwed    Close  joint 
conduit.      conduit. 

B.  M.  Boss  *  Co (accepted)  £225  — 

Woods,  \\  esterton  4  Co 282  £261 

Edward  A.  Shaw  4  Co 322  291 

Cnnningham  4  Gearing 391  360 

Clyde  Engineering  Works 398  380 

R,  G.  Jack 4cg  451 

The  tenders  of  Messrs.  E.  A.  Shaw  i  Co.  have  been  accepted  for 
wiring  the  new  factory  and  offices  of  the  Premier  Gate  Fence  and 
Wire  Co.,  Ltd.,  also  for  wiring  the  Council  Chamber  and  the  new 
offices  of  the  Cape  Rural  Council 

Coltliester.  —  The    T.t'.    haa    accepted    the    following 

tenders  : — 

H.  G.  Merry  4  Co.— 200  tons  o(  Shirebrook  natty  slack,  aS  15b.  per  ton,  and 
200  tons  of  Digby  fldling  nutty  slack,  14s.  4d.  per  ton,  for  the  elec- 
tricity works. 

.Joslins,  Ltd.— hlectric  lighting  fittings,  &c 

WiUiam8  4  Co.— Rubber,  fibre.  Ac 

Stanford  4  Co.,  Dick,  Kerr  A  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  Malleable  Steel  Castings  Co.— 
Tramcar  fittings. 

The  T.C.  has  accepted  Messrs.  Chamberlain  i:  Hookham's  tender 
for  ordinary  and  p.p.  meters. 

Doncasfer. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  the  United  Electric  Car  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  supply  of  four 
covers  to  existing  care,  at  £143  each. 

East  Ham.— The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
Engineering  and  Equipment  Co,  for  the  supply  of  about  6  miles  of 
fignre-s  trolley  wire,  at  8sd.  per  11). 

Glasgow.  —  The  Tramways  Committee  recommends 
acceptance  of  the:  following  : — 

Copper  trolley  wire,— E.  Le  Bas  A  Co. 

Copper  strip,— Leslie  4  Hall. 

D,U,C,  wire.— London  Electric  Wire  Co,  and  Smiths,  Ltd. 

Godalming.— Messrs.  Rawlings  &  Co.,  of  Lee,  S.E., 
have  secured  the  contract  for  installing  plant  and  400  to  500  lights 
and  laundry  motor  and  electric  pump  at  Peper  Harrow,  Godalming, 
the  residence  of  the  Right  Hon.  Viscount  Midleton. 

Heck mondwike.— The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender 

of  the  White  Lea  Colliery  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  2,000  tons  of  coal  for  the 
electricity  works,  at  8s.  9d.  per  ton. 

Leeds.— The  offer  of  Messrs.  Willans  &  Robinson,  Ltd., 
for  a  turbo-alternator,  condensing  plant,  pipes,  kc,  for  £20,399, 
has  been  accepted  by  the  Corporation. 

London. — Marvleboxe. — The  tenders  of  the  following 

have  been  accepted  by  the  B.C.  : — 

Babeock  4  Wilcox,— Superheater,  £500. 

British  Insulated  4  Helsbv Cables,  Ltd.— High-tensioD cable, £107 per  320  yds. 

Umon  Cable  Co.,  Ltd, — Ordinary  underground  cable. 

The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  for  annual  supplies  to 
the  Electricity  Supply  Committee  : — 
The  London  Electric  Wire  Co.— Fuse  wires. 
Bloan  Electrical  Co. — Arc  lamp  carbons. 
Union  Cable  Co,,  Ltd, -Cables  and  pilot  wire), 
Dussfck  bitumen  Co. — Compounds. 
Sicmi  as  Bros,  4  Co.,  Ltd.— Tapes,  Ac. 

W.  Lucy  4;  Co  ,  lAA  —House  service  and  main  joint  boxes,  Ac. 
Sykas  A  Burden,  Ltd.— House  fuse  boxes. 

(  allonder's  Cable  a  Constraoii'^n  Co  ,  Ltd.— Frames  and  covera, 
BritL^ih  tlertrir  Transformer  Co,,  Ltd,— Transfotniers. 
Ferranti,  Ltd,— Mettr-  and  prepayment  meters. 
British  Insulated  4  HeUby  Cables,  Ltd.— V.I. R,  cables. 
Edisun  A  Uwan  Co.,  Ltd.— AcceeSbriee. 
Qeipel  4  Co.,  Ltd.— Arc  lamp  carbons. 

Battebsea.— The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Babeock  &  Wilcox,  Ltd.,  at  £1,920,  for  a  water-tube  boiler,  fitted 
with  superheater,  chain-grate  stoker  and  pipework,  at  the  electricity 
station.  The  tender  of  Callender's  Cable  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  been 
accepted  for  an  annual  supply  of  troughing  and  bends  for  cables,  i^:c. 

The  contract  for  an  automatic  electric  passenger  lift  in 
Admiralty  Houee,  Whitehall  the  official  residence  of  the  First 
Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  has  been  secured  by  Messrs.  A.  W.  Penrose 
and  Co.,  Ltd. 


Luton. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the  Krush 
Electrical  Engineering  Co,  Ltd.,  for  two  1,000-kw.  turbo-alter- 
nators, complete  with  condensers,  .vc,  at  £4,600  each. 

Manchester. — The  Corporation  iUvers  Committee  has 
accepted  the  quotation  of  Electromotors,  Ltd  ,  for  a  6-h.h.p.  motor 
for  the  Withington  works. 

The  Tramways  Committee  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Walter  Scott,  Ltd.,  of  Leeds,  for  2,500  tons  of  steel  girder  tramway 
rails. 

The  tender  of  Messrs.  Thomas  Anderson,  Ltd.,  for  the  electric 
lighting  of  the  George  Leigh  Street  Municipal  School,  has  been 
accepted. 

Amongst  a  very  large  number  of  tenders  for  general  stores  and 
services,  as  rc<|uired  during  the  ensuing  year,  which  have  been 
accepted  by  the  Tramways  Committee,  are  the  following  : — 

Dyer  4  Young, — Assembled  commutator  segments. 

British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.— Motor  and  controller    spare   parit, 

motor  cases. 
L,  Andrew  4  Co, — B^bre  barriers  and  circuit-breaker  handles,  Ac. 
Dick,  Kerr  A  Co,,  Ltd, — Motor  and  controller  spare  pans,  4c. 
British  Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd. — Motor  and 

controller  fpare  parts,  Ac 
Estler  Bros.— Controller  fingers,  Ac. 
Kay  A  Co  ,  Ltd.— Motor  brush-holders. 

Manchester  Armature  Repair  Co,— Armature  and  field  coils. 
P.  R,  Jackson  A  Co.,  Ltd.- Armature  and  Held  coils, 
Electro-Mechanical  Brake  Co,,  Ltd. — Grid  retistanctM. 
H,  Wallwork  A  Co..  Ltd.— Grids  for  resistances. 
Brecknell.  Munro  4  Rodgers,  Ltd,— Trolley  poles,  Ac. 
General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.-  Incandescent"  lamps,  bells,  lighting  material, 

telephones,  testing  instruments,  Ac. 
Commercial  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— Incandescent  lamps,  traction  type. 

B.  Gratrix,  Jun,,  4  Bro,,  Ltd,  — Bell  presses,  arc   lamp  globes,  sundry 

glass,  Ac. 

C.  Macintosh  A  Co.,  Ltd,— Cells,  insulation  tape,  goloshes,  rubber  gloves 

and  gauntlets,  4c. 
Eckstein,  Heap  4  Co  ,  Ltd.— Spare  parts  for  Gilbert  arc  lamps. 
Meirowsky  A  Co. — Amber  mica  segments  for  commutator  bars,  4c. 
Suicli£fe  (Crumpsall),  Ltd,— Fibre  sheets  and  stick  fibre, 
Spicer  Bros.,  Ltd.— Red  fibre  paper,   leatheroid  strips,   insolation  paper 

and  cloth. 
Britith  Xylonite  Co.,  Ltd.— Celluloid. 

Connolly  Bros.,  Ltd.— P.  and  B.  tape,  power  and  lighting  cables. 
I.R.,  G.P.  and  T.W.  Co.,  Ltd.— Linen  tape. 
Pinchin,  Johnson  A  Co.,  Ltd,— Insulation  varnish. 
R,  \V,  Blackweil  A  Co,,  Ltd,— Insulating  compound, 
Morgan  Crucible  Co,,  Ltd,— Carbon  brushes,  Ac, 
Bazendale  A  Co.,  Ltd. — Arc  lamp  caibons,  turpentine,  Ac. 
Alfred  Wist  man,   Ltd.— Overhead    equipment    insulating    material,    pole 

switches. 
General  Patents  Co.— Trolley  heads. 

Fleming,  Birkby  A  Goodall,  Lid,— Trolley  wheel  bushes  and  spinoles. 
Bouper  A  Callaghan.— Automatic  sanding  devices. 
John  Taylor.-  Tubular  sand  controllers, 
Hudson  A  Bowring,  Ltd,— Automatic  life-guards. 
Philipson  A  Co.— Folding  side-guards. 

T.  Bolton  A  Sons,  Ltd.— Copper  wire,  copper  strip  and  sheet  copper. 
C.  Clifford  A  Son,  Ltd.— Brass  wire. 
F.  Smith  A  Co,,  Ltd.— Steel  wire. 

Richaid  Johnson  A  Nephew,  Ltd.— Galvanised  steel  wire  cable  and  rope. 
I.  Bentlev  A  Co.,  Ltd, —Lubricating  oils,  Ac. 
J.  Btoddart  A  Son,- Paraffin  oil. 
British  Petroleum  Co,,  Ltd.— Motor  spirit. 
Hardman  A  Holden,  Ltd.— I  reosote  oil, 

Newton,  Chambers  4  Co.,  Ltd.— DisinfccMng  fluid  and  powder. 
Reliance  Manufacturing  Co,— Liquid  metal  polish. 

Till  4  whitehead.  Ltd,— bundty  workshop  tools,  plant  and  appliances,  Ac. 
Carborundum  Co.,  Ltd.— Special  blocks  for  grinding  steel  rai  s, 
London  Emery  Works  Co,,  Ltd, — Special  wheels  for  grinding  steel  rails,  Ac. 
West  Bromwich  Spring  Co,,  Ltd,— Truck  springs,  Ac. 
J,  Billingham,  — Brake  chains, 
Brampton  Bros,,  Ltd,— Gear  chains  for  brakes. 
Milnes,  Voss  A  Co,,  Ltd,— Car  fenders, 
Canuneil,  Laird  A  Co,,  Ltd —Tramcar  axles, 
J,  Brown  A  Co,,  Ltd,— Tramcar  wheel  tires. 
F,  W,  Rowlands  A  Co,— Gear  and  pinion  wheels. 
National  Rail  and  Tramway  Appliances  Co,,    Ltd,— Iron  castings,  brske 

block  castings. 
Interchangeable  Brake  Block  Co,,  Ltd,— Chilled  iron  brake  block  castings, 
Mostun  Malleable  Castings  Co,- Malleable  iron  castings. 
Leys  Malleable  Castings  Co.,  Ltd, -Gear-case  castings. 
e.  Peace  A  80ns,  Ltd,— Steel  castings. 
Armstrong  Oiler  Co.,  Ltd,— Lubricant  pads  lor  axle  boxes. 
J,  Carr  A  Sons,  Ltd,— Trolley  cord. 

Chamberlain  A  Hookham,  Ltd.— Ampere-hour  tramcar  iiieteis. 
British  Oxygen  Co.,  Ltd.— Oxygeu  gas  and  acetylene  gas. 
Thermit,  Ltd.— Thetmit  welding  material, 

Warrington. — The  B.  of  G.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Mr.  H,  Bibby  for  electrical  fittings  and  sundries  for  six  months. 

Nelson. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Briggs,  Jones  k.  Gibson,  of  Manchester,  for  uniforms  and  caps  for 
the  Light  Railway  men. 

Newport  (Mon). — A  contract  for  carbon-filament  lamps 
and  radiator  lamps  for  the  Corporation  Electricity  and  Tramways 
Department  for  the  ensuing  12  months,  has  been  placed  with 
Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd. 

Plynioath. — The  Electricity  and  Street  Lighting  Com- 
mittee has  accepted  the  following  tenders  received  for  the  supply 
of  stores  and  materials  during  the  ensuing  financial  year  : — 

Carbons. — Crompton  A  Co. 

Engine  waste.— Northern  Waste  Co. 

House  meters.— Ferraiiti,  Ltd. 

Oil,  Ac— A.  Hopps  A  Sons,  Ltd, ;   Btern-8;nneborn  Oil  Co.;  and  M.  Wells 
and  Co. 
The  chairman  and  the  electrical  engineer  were  authorised   to 
purchase  one  ton  of  electrolytic  copper  and  half  a  ton  of  sheet 
copper. 

Russia. — St.  PETEKSiiUKf,. — It  is  stated  that  the  muni- 
cipal council  of  St.  Petersburg  has  placed  an  order  with  the  Russian 
A.E.G.  for  the  supply  of  tramcars  of  the  value  of  90.5,000  roubles 
(£90,500).  Orders  have  also  been  allocated  to  the  firm  of  Filzner 
and  Gambert,  which  is  closely  a.s80ciated  with  the  German 
Borsig  Works,  of  Tegel,  for  the  sum  of  371,9;!0  roubles  (*37,193), 
and  with  the  Russian  Westinghouse  Co.  for  the  amount  of  315,427 
roubles  (£31,542). 


Vol. 


No.  I, Kir.    Afuii,  1 1,  i'.ii;t. 


TUK    ELECTRICAL    UKVIHW. 


t;09 


Sbcfliclil. — 'IMio  City  (.'ouncil  Ims  iicccptcd  tin:  Uiiidcr  of 
MoHBrH,  R.  Whit«  A:  Sons,  at  ^TiK?,  for  the  conHtruutioti  of  an  aerial 
ropoway  at  tliu  NcopHcnd  power  Htiition. 

QuotatinnH  hiivo  boon  received  from  the  Pout  OHleo,  nniountini; 
to  £0(iri  1  r>H.  per  aiiiiuiii,  for  inHtallliiir  M>  Rro  nluriim  with  boxen, 
and  to  £l)'.l'.i  \!>n.  per  annum  for  f,n  lire  ularniH  with  pedeHtaln, 
on  a  ton  yearH'  agreement.  The  conn  iloration  of  Uw.  i|uotationH 
haH  been  deferred  pendinir  tho  rtHult  of  further  iiuiuirieH  about  the 
"  Gainewell  "  system. 

Soutliend-on-Sea.— -Mr.  (i.  Hrunlilv  lum  received  u  con- 
tract for  hirt  current  limiters  for  the  Corporation  for  the  next  fwo 
years.  JIo  haH  been  supplying  these  limitoru  to  the  Corporation  for 
several  months  past. 

Stretfonl. — The  U.D.C.  lias  acwptrd  the  tenders  of  the 
Union  Cable  Co.,  amounting  to  £706  and  t07.  for  supplies  of  cable. 

Watford. — The   U.D.O.  has  accepted  tlic  tender  of  the 

Union  Electric  Co.  for  a  motor-frenerator,  at  £  1 90,  and  that  of  the 
Electric  Construction  Co.,  for  new  machine  panels  and  reconBtructioff 
existinuf  panels. 

Woolwich. — The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 

Babcock  A:  Wilcox,  Ltd.,  at  £7.805,  for  two  boiler  units,  with  chain- 
prate  stokers,  for  the  electricity  department.  With  reference  to 
the  supply  of  current  to  the  L.C.C.  hostels  at  Elthara,  referred  to 
elsewhere,  the  tender  of  the  British  Electric  Transformer  Co.  has 
been  accepted,  at  £1U.  for  four  air-cooled  transformers. 


FORTHCOMINQ    EVENTS. 


Junior  Institution  of  Engineers.— Friday,  April  11th.    At  39,  Victoria  Htreet, 

B.W.     Paper  on  "Meih"Cls  of  ReRulatirR  and  controlling  Woiking  of  Elec- 
tric Accumulators,"  by  Mr.  G.  C.  AlliDgham. 

Saturday,    April    19th.— At    Caxton     Hall,    Westminster.      Bohemian 

smoking  concert. 
Pbysical  Society.— Friday,  April  11th.      At  8  p.m.      At  the  Imperial  College 

ot  Science,  South  Kensington,  S.W.    Papers  on  "  Some  Errors  in  Maenetic 

Testirg  due  to  Elastic  Strain,"  by  Mtssrs.  A.  Campbell  and  H.  C.  Booth, 

and  "  Note  on  Caihodio  Spluttering,"  by  Dr.  G.  W.  C.  Kaye. 
Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (Scottish  Section).— Tuesday,  April  15th. 

Annual  general  meeting. 

(Newcastle   Section).— Monday,  April    Uth.     At  7.S0  p  m.     At  the 

Armstrong  Co  lege,  Newcastle.     Paper  on  "The  Formation  of  Deposits  in 

OilCooUd  Transformers,"  bj  Dr.  Michie. 

(Students'  Section,  londonl.— Wednesday,  April  16th.    At  7.45  p.m. 

At   tha  luBtitution.  Embankmeut,  W.C.    Paper  on  " AlternatingCnrrcnl 

Railway  Ijigaalling,"  by  Mr.  T.  J.  Hornblower. 
Illuminating  Engineering  Society.— Tuesday,  April  16th.    At  8  p.m.    At  the 

Roval  Society  of   Ans.     Paper  on  "Standard  Clausfs  for  Inclusion  in  a 

Bpecifica'ion  of  Street  Lighting,"  by  Mr.  A.  P.  Trotter.     Discussion  open 

to  members  of  the  I.E.E.,  I.G.E.  and  I.M.  and  C.E. 
Eleotrical  Trades  Benevolent   Institution.— VVednesday,   April    16th.     At 

7  p.m.     At    be  Trocadero  Restauraut.     Festival  dinner.    Tickets  from  the 

Secretary,  18,  Park  Mansions.  Vauxhall  Park,  S.W. 
Institution   of   Mechanical   Engineers.— Friday,  April   18th.     At  8  p.m. 

Address  by  the  President. 
Boyal  Institution.— Friday,  April  18th.    At  9  p  m.  Discourse  on"  Applications 

of  Polaiised  Light,"  by  Dr.  T.  M.  Lowry. 
Association  of  Engineers-in-Charge.— Saturday,  April  12th.     At  6.15  p.m. 

At  the  Hoibjrn  Hestaurant.     Annual  dinner. 

Saturday,  April  19th.     Social.     Bohemian  concert. 

Association  of  Electrical  Station  EngineersCBradford  Section).— Tuesday, 

April  15th  I?  Wednesday,  April  lith).    At  7  p.m.    Meeting  at  the  Mechanics' 
Institute,  Bradford. 

(ManchesterSection).— Thursday,  April  17th.   At7.80p.m.  Meetingat 
the  Exeter  Caft?,  Deansgate,  Manchester. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 
(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  OfBoer— Lieut, -Col.  H,  M.  Leaf. 

The  f  ollowiner  orders  have  been  issued  : — 

Monday,  April  Uth.- "A"    Company.      Recruit  training,  7   to   10  p.m.; 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Tuesday,  April  15th.— "B"  Company.    Company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Thursday,  April   17th.— "C"  Company.      Recruit  training,  7  to  10  p.m.; 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Friday,  April  18th.—"  D  "  Company.    Company^raining,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Saturday,  April  19th.— Headquarters  will  be  opened  for  regimental  business 
from  10  a.m.  till  noon. 

(Signed)        P.  H.  Ca-mpbell,  Capt.  R.E.,  and  Adjt. 

For  Officer  commanding  L.E.B, 


Radium  Treatment.— Dr.  Saubermann,  of  Berlin,  lec- 
turing before  the  members  of  the  Rontgen  Society,  recently  stated 
that  water  containing  radium  emanation  had  great  possibilities. 
The  water  was  artificially  charged  with  radium  emanation  to  a 
much  higher  degree  than  the  water  found  in  any  natural  spring. 
On  the  Continent  remarkable  results  had  been  attained  by  this 
treatment  in  the  whole  range  of  diseases  of  metabolism,  including 
gout,  rheumatoid  arthritis,  nephritis,  and  arteriosclerosis. 


NOTES. 


itediiction  In    C;('rm<in  Wire    l.ainp    Price*. -  .\fU!r 

the  liipHo  of  n  year  and  a  half  iiincM;  thn  luiit  nxlucti'm  In  the  prioM 
of  metullic-lilamnnt  lampn  wan  iniulu  by  thn  principal  maker*  in 
Oerniany,  further  concf»u*ioiiii  liavii  now  lieen  tifKott^  in  that 
country.  Ah  on  previous  occ-4uti(inn,  the  initiative  in  thi-  matter  haa 
again  been  taken  by  the  A.  K.(i.,  which  iitates  that  the  new  pricM 
are  Ih.  Id.  for  lampn  of  .'<  to  ID  c  iv,  a«  compared  with  U.  Od. 
hitherto.  Is.  '.id.  for  tampi  of  froi;i  1')  to  .10  c.l-.,  an  againut  2i.  Id., 
and  2h.  Cd.  for  lauipH  of  lo()c.r,aii  controntwl  with  ."in.  6d.  The 
company  explaiiiH  that  tho  very  conKideralilo  incresM:  in  the  sale* 
both  at  home  and  abroad,  an  well  an  the  introduction  of  the  drawn 
metallic  wire,  has  brought  al).)Ut  a  cheapening  of  the  cont  of  pro- 
duction, which  porinits  of  sale  priccH  iicing  reduw-d.  Merchant* 
require  reliable  groKH  prices  and  a  rebate,  which  a«  far  ok  prac- 
ticable is  to  reprcHcnt  their  profitH.  The  comjrtiny  winhes  to  place 
a  limit  on  the  present  uncertainty  of  the  market  by  regulating  the 
rebates  in  connection  with  the  reduction  in  the  grofH  sale  prices. 
It  will  perhapH  be  rcmemliered  that  the  previouH  price  conceMion* 
were  made  in  October,  lyll,  when  the  right  of  u  le  of  the  wire 
lamp  patents  of  the  United  States  (Jeneral  Electric  Co.  was  secared 
by  the  A. E.G.,  the  Siemens  ,t  Halske  Co.  and  the  fjerman  Inc»n- 
descent  Gas  Light  (Auer)  Co.,  and  this  privilege  was  Hut»«equently 
extended  to  the  Bergmann  Co.  The  action  of  the  A. E.G.  on  the 
present  occasion  has  been  speedily  followed  by  the  Siemens  A:  Halske 
Co.,  which  also  announces  a  reduction  of  25  per  cent,  in  the  prices 
of  Wotan  and  tantalum  lamps,  whilst  a  lowering  of  the  net  prices 
charged  by  the  Incandescent  Gas  Co.  has  likewise  been  made, 
although  not  to  the  same  extent. 

The  price  reduction  on  the  Continent  will  not  be  followed  by  a 
price  reduction  in  England,  as  the  patent  situation  here  is  entirely 
different. 

Inquiries. — A  correspondent  asks  where  "manii  marble" 
can  be  obtained.  Another  correspondent  asks  for  addresses  where 
model  electric  laundries  may  be  seen. 

Electric  LiKhtinj?  Installation.— In  reference  to  the 

case  of  Watson  r.  Claytons,  reported  in  these  columns  on  March 
21st,  the  plaintiffs,  Messrs.  Watson,  Marsh  &  Co.,  .^IT,  High  Road. 
Brondesbury,  write  to  say  that  the  claim  of  £60  was  for  a  com- 
plete inside  installation  of  incandescent  lighting,  together  with 
four  outside  arc  lamps  with  special  covers.  Messrs.  Claytons 
claimed  that  the  contract  had  not  been  carried  out,  inasmuch  as  the 
special  arc  lamp  covers  were  not  as  per  Messrs.  Lockwood  and 
Bradley's  pattern,  whereas  Messrs.  Watson.  Marsh  &  Co.'s  case  was 
that  Messrs.  Lockwood  &  Bradley's  covers  were  not  specified  by 
them,  and  that  in  any  event  those  covers,  being  an  extra  charge 
over  and  above  those  ordered  by  them,  had  nothing  tc  do  with  the 
amount  claimed  by  them. 

Foreign  Trade  in  March. — Last  month's  trade  returns 

show  an  increase  of  £180,631  in  imports,  and  one  of  £975,976 
(2'3  per  cent.)  in  exports,  but  it  is  not  possible  to  make  a  fair  com- 
parison with  1912,  for  last  year  the  coal  strike  was  in  progress. 
We  may,  however,  select  the  electrical  and  machinery  figures  from 
the  published  reports,  as  below.  From  these  it  appears  that 
although  there  are  two  working  days  less  in  the  1913  reckoning, 
the  export  figures  are  very  substantially  higher  : — 

Imjxirts. 
Electrical  goods  and        Month  inc.  Three  Inc. 

apparatus,  exclud-  of  or  months,  or 

machinery  &   un-       ""^h.  dec.  1913.  deo. 

insulated  wire   ...   £117,190     —£19,080     £374.339      —  £36,922 

Machinery 639,942     +     31,975     1,833,892    -t-     201,409 

Sxportn. 
Electrical  goods  and 
apparatus,  exclud- 
machinery   A:   un- 
insulated wire   ...   £815,f>73     -f  £153,015  £1,510,256    -1-  £349,518 
Machicery 2,764,960     —     34,212     8.590,063    -1-     777,593 

The  Batti- Wallahs. — At  the  informal  meeting  of  the 
Batti-Wallahs'  Society,  on  Wednesday  last  week,  during  the  even- 
ing, between  the  other  turns,  stanzas  caricaturing  certain  mem- 
bers were  read,  much  to  the  amusement  of  the  company.  The 
next  function— a  smoking  concert— will  be  held  at  the  Holbom 
Restaurant,  on  Friday,  April  18th,  and  not  April  28th,  as  stated  in 
the  official  programme.  This  is  the  last  smoking  concert  of  the 
season. 

Fatality. — Ushaw  Moor. — An  inquiry  was  held  at 
Ushaw  Moor.  Co.  Durham,  on  the  3rd  inst.,  by  Mr.  R.  A.  Shepherd, 
Deputy  Coroner,  into  the  circumstances  of  the  death  of  Clarence 
Herbert  Allen,  18,  an  electrical  improver,  who  was  killed  at  L'shaw 
Moor  sub-statiou  on  the  Monday  preceding.  Norman  Vincent  Raven, 
of  Elden  Place,  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  supervising  electrical  engineer 
for  the  Newcastle  Electric  Supply  Co.,  said  he  was  in  charge  of  a 
contract  which  Messrs,  Reyrolle  i  Co.,  of  Hebbumon-Tyne,  were 
carrying  out  for  his  company  at  Ushaw  Moor,  and  he  gave 
instructions  for  the  carrying-out  of  the  work.  There  were  three 
chambers,  and  the  20,000-volt  chamber  was  reached  from  the 
transformer  chamber  by  a  wooden  staircase.  He  had  told  the 
jointer  that  he  must  not  go  into  the  20,000-volt  chamber,  and 
gave  instructions  that  the  pilot  cable  was  not  to  be  drawn  into 
that  chamber  unless  the  inspector  was  present.  Alphonsus  Lawton, 
jointer,  of  Sunderland,  said  that  on  Monday  he  was  told  by  the 
foreman   to  proceed  with  work  on  a   3,000-volt  cable,  and  that  if 


610 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  72.  No.i.sie,  April  11,1913. 


necessary  he  was  to  get  asaistance.  Finding  he  could  not  pet 
assistance,  he  proceeded  with  the  drawing  of  the  pilot  cable  into 
the  20.000-volt  chamber.  He  knew  that  certain  parts  of  the 
switchgear  were  "  alive."  Allen  had  to  pull  the  pilot  cable  through 
a  hole,  and  witness  told  him  not  to  go  near  where  the  live  con- 
tacts were,  and  not  to  go  higher  than  the  switch,  but  just  to  stand 
on  the  lloor  of  the  chamber.  .■Vfter  Allen  had  pulled  the  cable 
partly  through,  he  asked,  "'Have  I  got  enough.'"  Witness 
replied  that  he  would  be  there  in  a  minute,  and  went  upstairs, 
when  he  heard  a  hissing  noise.  On  getting  into  the  20,000-volt 
chamber,  he  was  surprised  to  see  the  youth  on  top  of  the  switch, 
in  a  kneeling  )K)sition.  with  his  head  about  .5  in.  from  the  "live" 
contact.  He  gave  Allen  a  slight  pull  by  the  coat,  and  saw  the  sparks 
pass  from  the  contact  to  his  head.  There  was  no  need  for  Allen  to 
get  on  the  top  of  the  switch.  What  he  should  have  done  was  to 
have  knelt  underneath  the  switch,  and  pulled  the  pilot  cable 
through.  Allen  was  badly  burned,  and  although  artificial 
respiration  was  applied,  it  was  unsuccessful.  Witness  had  a  danger 
pass  with  him.  but  it  was  not  signed,  as  there  was  no  one  there  to 
sign  it.  Mr.  Robinson  (representing  Messrs.  ReyroUe)  compli- 
mented witness  for  his  brave  act  in  attempting  to  pull  Allen  away 
from  contact  with  the  electric  current.  The  Coroner  said  it 
would  appear  to  have  been  easier  to  pull  the  cable  above  the 
switch  rather  than  underneath.  Apparently  the  deceased  had  got 
on  top  of  the  switch,  and  in  pulling  the  cable  through  probably  he 
had  tilted  his  head,  and  caught  one  of  the  contacts.  He  expressed 
the  opinion  that  they  could  not  attach  blame  to  anyone,  as  it 
seemed  to  have  been  a  pure  accident.  The  jury  returned  a  verdict 
of  '  Death  from  accidental  electrocution,"  and  recommended  that 
there  should  t)e  more  safeguards  at  the  sub-station,  and  that  the 
rules  should  be  more  stringently  enforced.  Although  Allen  was 
employed  by  Messrs.  Reyrolle,  he  was  not  at  the  time  of  the 
accident  working  upon  switchgear  of  their  make. 

Sheffield. — According  to  the  ShrtHehl  Dailif  J luh pendent  an 
explosion  occurred  at  the  Devonshire  Works  at  Staveley  on  Wednes- 
day last  week.  From  facts  elicited  at  the  inquest  it  appears  that 
when  the  accident  occurred  several  men  were  engaged  in 
turning  steam  from  an  engine  into  an  exhaust  turbine.  In  order 
to  do  this  they  had  to  close  one  valve  and  open  another.  The 
men  stood  on  the  top  of  an  oil  separator,  about  12  ft.  from  the 
ground.  Martin  stops,  20,  a  fitter,  happened  to  step  back,  and  got 
pinned  between  two  parts  of  the  valves.  Mr.  Ronald  Fowler,  the 
engineer-in-charge,  said  that  when  the  deceased  was  pinned,  he 
called  out  to  another  man  to  tell  the  engineman  to  stop  the  engine. 
Whilst  witness's  back  was  turned  a  man  named  Wilson  closed 
another  valve,  with  the  result  that  there  was  no  outlet  for  the 
steam.  They  had  no  time  to  jump  from  the  separator  before  an 
explosion  occurred,  and  they  were  all  thrown  to  the  ground.  Being 
pinned.  Stops  received  the  full  force  of  the  explosion,  and  he  died 
soon  afterwards.  The  Coroner  said  that  Wilson  seemed  to  have  lost 
his  head  in  closing  the  valve  on  his  own  authority.  The  jury  returned 
a  verdict  of  '  Accidental  death." 

-Annual    Dinners  ai)«    Socials.  —  London. — At   the 

Pier  Hotel,  Cheyne  Walk,  Chelsea,  on  March  loth,  the  third  annual 
dinner  and  concert  of  the  rndergronnd  Electric  Railwaymen's  Sick 
Benefit  Club  was  held.  Mr.  J.  W.  Towle,  chief  engineer,  presided, 
and  he  wa.s  supported  by  Mr.  P.  R.  Wray,  sub-station  engineer,  Mr. 
T.  O'Reilly  (club  secretary),  Mr.  A.  McCutcheon  (treasurer)  and 
others,  the  company  numbering  nearly  100.  The  toast  "  The  Power 
Station  '  was  proposed  by  Mr.  .s.  L.  PhUlips  (shift  engineer)  and 
responded  to  by  Mr.  Wray.  "The  Club"  was  proposed  by  Mr. 
McCutcheon,  and  the  club  secretary  replied,  thanking  all  who  had 
contributed  to  the  success  of  the  annual  dinner  and  referring  to 
the  continuous  increase  in  membership  since  the  club  was  started 
in  1906.  The  number  of  members  for  1912  was  168  ;  the  sick  pay 
was  £4.S  193.  tid.  and  funeral  allowance  £1.5  8s.,  leaving  a  surplus 
returned  to  each  member  at  the  end  of  the  year  of  £1  Ss.  4d. 
After  the  toast  of  "^The  Chairman"  had  been  disposed  of  the 
gathering  enjoyed  a  programme  arranged  by  Messrs.  Cooper  and 
Nash. 

The  fourth  annual  Bohemian  Concert  in  connection  with  the 
Electrical  Installations.  Ltd..  Athletic  Club,  was  held  on  April  7th, 
at  the  Oval  Hall,  Kennington.  Before  an  audience  of  some  iiOO  to 
400  people,  consisting  of  the  staff  and  their  friends,  an  able  body  of 
entertainers  carried  through  a  most  excellent  variety  programme. 
At  the  opening  of  the  proceedings  Mr.  Stanley  C.  Russ,  president 
of  the  Club,  alluded  in  a  few  suitable  words  to  the  successful 
development  of  the  club,  and  informed  the  members  that 
he  had  been  successful  in  his  negotiations  with  the  City  of 
London  Cricket  Club,  in  renting  a  portion  of  their  exceptionally  fine 
ground  at  Acton  on  behalf  of  the  staff,  and  also  that  the  E.I., 
Ltd.,  Cricket  Club  had  entered  for  the  Western  League. 

Institution    and    Leotore    Xotes. — Asso(i.\ti(i\    kj 

CoNSiLTiNf;  ExcjiNEERs. — The  report  of  the  Committee  for  the 
year  1912,  which  has  just  been  issued,  recapitulates  the  circum- 
stani^es  under  which  the  Association  came  into  existence,  and  gives 
the  qualifications  and  duties  of  members,  as  well  as  the  definition 
of  a  "  consulting  engineer."  An  International  flongress  of  con- 
sulting engineers  and  engineering  experts  is  to  be  held  at  Ghent 
during  the  running  of  the  Exhibition  there  this  year,  and  the 
creation  of  an  International  Federation  of  Associations  of  Con- 
sulting Engineers  is  contemplated.  The  Association  numbered  80 
members  at  the  close  of  the  year,  and  is  the  largest  society  of  its 
kind  in  existence.  The  (,'ommittee  was  unable  to  accept  the 
Standard  Conditions  of  Contract  prepared  by  the  B.E.A.M,A,, 
holding  that  it  is  not  possible  to  frame  one  set  of  conditions  applic- 
able to  all  contracts.  The  Committee  was  requested  to  draw  up  a 
scale  of  professional  fees  for  the  use  of  members,  but  decided  that 


it  would  not  be  advisable  to  attempt  to  stereotype  rates  of  remu- 
neration. Referring  to  a  recent  incident  in  Parliament,  relating 
to  the  employment  of  Government  officers  to  give  advice  as  con- 
sulting engineers  in  their  private  capacity,  the  Committee  com- 
ments on  the  disadvantages  of  the  practice,  which  in  future  is  not 
to  be  followed  without  the  consent  of  the  head  of  the  Department 
concerned.  The  fact  that  the  obligation  to  pay  an  engineer's  fees 
is  outside  the  jurisdiction  of  taxing  masters  is  pointed  out  by  the 
Committee.  It  is  proposed  to  issue  reports  to  the  members  from 
time  to  time,  dealing  with  subjects  of  interest  to  them.  The 
accounts  for  1912  show  income  £180,  expenditure  (covering  also 
1908-11,  £:{8)£113,  balance  £17.  A  full  list  of  members  is  appended 
to  the  report,  together  with  the  code  of  ethics  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Consulting  Engineers  and  their  schedule  of  fees.  A 
little  booklet  containing  the  rules  and  practice  of  members  of  the 
Association  has  been  issued,  to  enable  them  to  put  these  before 
their  clients  and  others. 

Association  of  Minini;  Ei.ectuical  E.ngineeus  (East  of 
Scotland  Bbanch).— At  the  last  monthly  meeting,  at  Dunferm- 
line, a  paper  by  Mr.  H.  G.  Humphry  (H.M.  Junior  Inspector  of 
Mines)  on  the  '  Supervision  of  Electrical  Plant,  '  was  discussed. 
In  reply  to  criticisms,  Mr.  Humphry  said  that  sets  of  printed 
instructions  similar  to  those  suggested  in  his  paper  would  tend  to 
lighten  rather  than  increase  the  responsibilities  of  managers.  In 
reply  to  a  remark  that  persons  authorised  to  work  switchgear 
under  Rule  1 1  should  not  be  allowed  behind  a  switchboard  for  the 
purpose  of  cleaning,  the  Inspector  thought  that  this  was  a  question 
that  must  be  decided  by  each  manager  for  himself. 

Society  of  Engineers  (Inc). — An  essay  on  "  How  to  Improve 
the  Status  of  Engineers  and  Engineering,  with  Special  Reference  to 
Consulting  Engineers,"  was  read  by  Mr.  W.  Ransom  on  Monday, 
April  7th.  This  was  awarded  the  second  prize  in  the  Status  Prize 
Competition  last  year,  no  first  prize  having  been  awarded. 

Greenock  Electrical  Society. — This  Society  held  its  business 
and  social  meeting  on  March  28th,  with  Mr.  J.  A.  Robertson,  the 
honorary  president,  in  the  chair.  After  tea  the  chairman  congratu- 
lated the  company  upon  the  success  of  the  Society  since  it  was 
formed  last  year.  He  knew  of  no  business  or  profession  in  which  it 
was  more  necessary  that  there  should  be  a  free  interchange  of 
opinion  among  the  members  than  electrical  engineering,  for  it  had 
more  problems  requiring  discussion  than  any  other  branch  of 
engineering.  The  Society  was  primarily  intended  for  the  benefit  of 
the  younger  members  of  the  profession,  who  would  obtain  know- 
ledge from  the  experiences  of  older  members.  The  syllabus  showed 
that  subjects  dealing  with  nearly  every  branch  of  applied  electricity, 
from  wireless  telegraphy  and  electric  cooking  down  to  the  more 
prosaic  worries  of  a  shift  engineer,  were  dealt  with.  The  chairman 
concluded  with  a  reference  to  the  services  of  the  president  (Mr. 
J.  H.  Parker)  and  the  secretary  (Mr.  W.  B.  Smith).  The  secretary's 
report  showed  that  there  were  17  hon.  members  and  77  ordinary 
members.  Twelve  meetings  were  held,  with  an  average  attendance 
of  37.  Six  visits  were  paid  to  works.  Mr.  W.  A.  Toppin  has  been 
appointed  this  year's  president,  and  Mr.  A.  Hurry  secretary,  Mr. 
Robertson  continuing  as  hon.  president. 

Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineebs.  The  summer  meet- 
ing of  this  Institution  will  be  held  in  Cnmbridge  from  Monday, 
.Inly  28th,  to  August  Ist.  A  provisional  programme  has  been 
issued  regarding  receptions,  a  garden  party,  excursions  to  Ipswich 
and  Bedford,  and  visits  to  works,  laboratories,  kc,  in  Cambridge. 

Ikon  and  Steel  Institt'te. — The  programme  of  the  annual 
meeting  of  this  Institute  shows  that  the  proceedings  will  open  on 
Thursday  morning.  May  1st,  at  the  Institution  of  Mechanical  Engi- 
neers, Storey's  Gate,  S.W.  The  daytime  will  be  occupied  with  papers 
and  discussions,  and  at  night  the  annual  dinner  will  take  place  at 
the  Hotel  Cecil.  Mr,  Arthur  Cooper,  the  president,  presiding.  The 
meeting  will  continue  on  May  2nd.  Among  the  papers  that  are 
down  for  reading  is  one  by  Mr.  Andrew  Lamberton,  on  "A  New 
Form  of  Electrically-driven,  Two-high,  Continuous-running,  Revers- 
ing Mill";  also  one  by  Dr.  .1,  Puppi  entitled  'Rolling-Mill 
Practice  in  the  United  States,  Part  II,''  The  autumn  meeting  of 
th» Institute  takes  place  at  Brussels,  from  September  Ist  to  .5th. 

Institution  of  Ki.ectrical  En(;ineebs  (Manchester 
Section). — The  annual  meeting  of  the  above  Section  was  held  on 
Tuesday  la-st,  when  voting  took  place  for  the  chairman,  vice-chair- 
men and  Committee  for  the  next  session,  which  resulted  as 
follows  ;— 

Chairman. — Dr,  E.  W.  Marchant. 

Vice-chairmen. — Dr.  E.  Rosenberg,  Mr.  P.  P.  Wheelwright. 
Committee. — Messrs.   C.   C.   Aitchison,  C.  .1.   Beaver,    K,   Faye- 
Haneen.  II.  J.  Hawkins,  E.  L.  Hill.  G.  Layton,  A.  E.  Mackenzie, 
E.   M.  Hollingsworth.   B,   Thomas,  B.   Welboum,  F.  H.  Whysall, 
Prof.  Miles  Walker. 

Votes  of  thanks  were  accorded  to  the  Vice-chairmen,  Secretary, 
and  Committee  for  their  work  during  the  session,  also  to  the 
Council  of  the  University  for  kindly  granting  the  use  of  the 
Physical  Laboratory  for  holding  the  meetings  of  the  Section. 

After  the  formal  business  of  the  meeting  was  concluded.  Prof.  K. 
Rutherford,  of  the  Manchester  University,  gave  a  lecture  on  "The 
Electrical  State  of  the  Atmosphere."  "The  lecture  was  ^lustrated 
by  lantern  slides  and  was  listened  to  with  great  interest. 

Prof.  Marchant,  in  jjroposing  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  Chairman, 
stated  that  Mr.  Day  had  suffered  a  relapse,  and  that  it  seemed 
certain  he  would  not  be  able  to  resume  his  active  duties  for  some 
time. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  states  that  the  Section  comprises 
813  members,  an  increase  of  23. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  HcDDEBSFiELi)  Encineeking  Society  on 
Thursday  last  week,  Mr.  J.  E.  Schofield  (Bradfoid)  read  a  paper  on 
"  Electricity  in  Textih  Mills." 


Vol.72.     No.  I,)s4ti,  Ai'Kii,   II,  l'.ti:i. 


TiTi':   i-iLKCTmcAfi  Hi:vii':\v. 


r.ll 


Institution  oi"  Elkctuk^al  Enoinekks.  —  K.vamination!*. — 
Re^nlatiotiH  for  the  examination  of  (3andidatnH  fur  ABROciatP 
MeiubcrHhip  liavc  now  bi^on  iHoued.  Kxaniiniition  will  In- 
re<tiiir«'il  on  and  after  .liinc  iHt,  l!ii;).  [ii  lieu  of  examination, 
cundidatOH  will  lie  allowed  to  prenent  a  tlieHin,  l)aper,  or  other  con- 
triliution  to  electrical  knowledge,  liut  they  will  be  liable  to  be 
cxaminc<l  orally  thereon.  'I'lio  cxoniinationH  will  be  held  in  l-ondon 
twice  annually  on  two  days  (I'riday  and  Saturday)  about  tht^  end  of 
April  and  end  of  October.  ExaminatioiiH  uniy  also  be  hehl  at  other 
centrcH,  if  the  number  of  local  entricH  warrantH  such  arrannenientH. 

ApplicalionB  to  enter  for  the  examination  must  be  made  not  later 
than  March  1st  for  the  April  examination,  and  not  later  than 
Sei>teml)er  l»t  for  the  October  examination.  The  examination  fee 
will  be  two  (juineaa  for  the  first  entry,  and  one  (fuinea  for  any 
subse(iuent  entry.     Fees  will  not  be  returned. 

The  subjectsof  examination  will  be  as  IoIIowb: — Parti  :  An  Enfjlieh 
esEiay  ;  or  translation  into  English  of  pa8!>af!;es  in  one  of  the  follow- 
ing languages,  to  be  selected  by  the  candidate  ;  French,  German, 
Italian  or  Spanish.  Applied  mechanics  ;  and  either  general  ele- 
mentary physics  or  chemistry.  Part  II  :  Two  papers  on  one  of  the 
following  subjects,  to  be  selected  by  the  candidate  : — Electricity 
supply  ;  electric  lighting  and  power  ;  electric  traction  ;  telegraphy  ; 
telephony  :  application  of  electricity  to  mines  ;  electro-chemistry 
and  electro-metallurgy  ;  manufacture  of  electric  machinery  (in- 
cluding works  managempnt)  ;  design  of  electric  machinery  and 
apparatus.  No  detailed  syllabus  of  the  subjects  of  examination 
will  be  published. 

Exemption  from  the  whole  of  the  examination  is  secured  by 
any  Engineering  Degree  of  any  University  in  the  United  Kingdom 
or  in  the  British  Dominions  over  seas  ;  by  Whitworth  Scholarships, 
and  by  the  Diplomas  or  ('ertiticates  in  electrical  engineering 
granted  by  the  following  bodies: — The  City  and  Guilds  Engineering 
College  :  City  and  Guilds  of  London  Institute  (Honours  Grade)  ; 
Faraday  House  ;  Finsbury  Technical  College  (day  course)  ;  King's 
College,  London  ;  University  College,  London  ;  Heriot-Watt 
College,  Edinburgh  ;  Royal  Technical  College,  Glasgow  ;  Municipal 
School  of  Technology,  Manchester  ;  Armstrong  College,  Xewcastle- 
upon-Tyne. 

Candidates  who  have  obtained  a  Science  Degree  from  any 
University  in  the  United  Kingdom  or  the  British  Dominions  will 
be  exempted  from  Part  I  of  the  examination. 

I.E.E.  Paris  Visit. — Particulars  have  now  been  issued  regarding 
the  Paris  meeting,  to  be  held  on  May  21st  to  24th  next,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  Societe  Internationale  des  Electriciens.  Members  will 
leave  London  at  11  a.m.  on  Tuesday.  May  20th,  arriving  in  Paris  at 
6.4.5  p.m.  On  Wednesday  morning  the  inaugural  meeting  will  be 
held  at  the  Conservatoire  des  Arts  et  Mi'tiers,  when  there  will  be  a 
discussion  on  the  electrification  of  railways,  or,  alternatively,  an 
inspection  of  the  exhibits  at  the  Conservatoire.  In  the  afternoon 
there  will  be  alternative  visits  to  the  generating  stations  of  the 
Electricitc  de  St.  Denis  and  of  the  Triphase  at  Asniires,  and  to  the 
Sevres  porcelain  factory.  In  the  evening  the  Socicto  Internationale 
will  give  a  reception  and  banquet  at  the  Palais  d'Orsay. 

On  Thursday  morning  there  will  be  a  discussion  on  Long-distance 
Transmission  of  Electrical  Energy  by  («)  Continuous  Current.  Thury 
System  (paper  by  Mr.  J.  S.  Higbtield)  ;  (?/)  Three-phase  Current 
(paper  by  M.  Maurice  Leblanc),  and  a  number  of  alternative  visits 
to  places  of  interest.  In  the  afternoon.  M.  Eiffel  will  hold  a  recep- 
tion at  the  Eiffel  Tower,  and  there  will  be  an  inspection  of  the 
wireless  installation.  An  alternative  visit  has  been  arranged  to 
the  electrical  installations  of  the  Metropolitain,  the  Nord-Sud  and 
the  Compagnie  des  Omnibus. 

On  Friday  morning,  the  discussion  at  the  Conservatoire  will  he 
continued,  and  alternative  visits  will  be  arranged.  In  the  after- 
noon there  will  be  an  excursion  to  Chantilly. 

On  Saturday  morning,  M.  Claude  will  read  a  paper  on  "Lighting 
by  Means  of  Vapour-Tube  Lamps '  (illustrated  by  experiments),  and 
there  will  be  a  lecture  by  Commandant  Ferric  on  "  Wireless  Tele- 
graphy." The  rest  of  the  day  will  be  spent  in  visits  to  Versailles, 
the  Aerodrome  at  Buc,  and  the  Ouest-Etat  Railway,  returning  to 
Paris  by  special  electric  train. 

The  cost,  exclusive  of  hotel  expenses,  will  be  five  guineas  each. 

Royal  Society  of  Arts. — On  Wednesday  evening,  a  paper  on 
"  Electric  Supply  in  London "  was  read  by  Mr.  Frank  Bailey, 
M.Inst.C.E.,  M.I.E  E.,  joint  managing  director,  City  of  London 
Electric  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd.  The  chair  was  taken  by  Mr.  A.  A. 
Campbell  Swinton. 

Institdtion  op  Post  Oifick  Electrical  Engineers. — A 
paper  on  "  Telegraphic  History,"  read  before  the  above  Institution 
last  year  by  Mr.  H.  R.  Kempe,  has  just  been  printed.  It  covers  the 
period  since  the  year  18H7,  in  which  Sir  Charles  Wheatstone,  the 
pioneer  of  modem  practical  telegraphy,  took  out  his  first  patent. 
As  a  former  pupil  of  Wheatstone  s,  and  the  oldest  representative  of 
the  Postal  Telegraph  Engineering  Branch,  the  author  was  able  to 
relate  a  series  of  extremely  interesting  reminiscences,  and  to  illus- 
trate his  subject  with  numerous  examples  of  apparatus  and 
systems,  tracing  the  development  of  the  science  through  its  earlier 


Thi;  Production  Managers"  Association.  —  The  inaugural 
dinner  of  this  Association  was  held  on  Tuesday  night  at  the 
Holborn  Restaurant.  The  subject  of  the  evening  was  "  Labour 
Problems, "  introduced  by  Mr.  W.  Gamble,  managing  director  of 
Messrs.  A.  W.  Penrose  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  who  was  in  the  chair. 

Electricity  Supply    Rifle    League.— A    post    match 

between  teams  representing  Hackney  Electric  Rifle  Club  (Hackney 
Borough  Council)  and  the  Brompton  and  Kensington  Rifie  Club  in 
the  above  League  resulted  in  a  win  for  the  latter  by  41  points.  The 
scores  were  : — Hackney  520  (best  score.  Hilling  94)  ;  Brompton  and 
Kensington  561  (Beale  97). 


AppointliientH  Vacant.— Metier  MU[j<rmU:n(leiit  (£104), 
meter  tcMter  unci  erector  (:iOpi.),  juintrr-wirenjBn  '32ii  ).  arc  l«ni|i 
trimmer  (27h.)  and  junior  hhift  enifineer '2Hii. j,  for  the  Giiildford 
IClectricitv  Supply  (^o..  Ltd.  .  charge  engineer,  for  thn  Itford 
I  .D.C.  Electricity  Workn  (£7H)  ;  Hub-xtation  »hift  engineer,  for  the 
Brintol  Corporation  CIOh.)  ;  HWJtchlxjard  atttrndaot  for  the  I'orUi- 
mouth  Corporation  (2r>H.)  ;  htution  awiiatant  and  mainii  inglnetr. 
for  the  City  Electricity  ^Workn,  Londonderry  (£2) :  junior  aiwiitADt 
electrical  enginc<!r  for  the  Oldham  CorjKjration  ( £80)  ;  tr%mw%y 
manager,  for  the  South|xjrt  CorjK)ration  (£2"0).  Sec  our  adver- 
tiwsmiait  piigcH  in  this  isHue. 

Footltall. — Duriii}^  the.  footljiill  mtama  down  to  duU-,  tbe 
Beeston  Ericsson  Club  have  played  26  matcheo,  winninff  l'.',  while 
five  were  drawn  and  two  lost.  They  ncorcd  100  goaU  to  .').?.  ThU 
is  for  all  matchcf,  League,  Cup  and  friendly.  The  club  won  the 
Notts.  Intermediate  Cup,  scoring  1  I  goals  to  I,  and  they  arerunnen- 
up  in  the  Notts.  Combination  League.  The  League  record  is;  — 
Played  17,  won  11,  drawn  4,  and  lost  2,  scoring  ijX  goals  a^cainst  lit. 

Association    of   Electrical   Station   Eni^ioeers. — A 

meeting  was  held  on  Friday  last  at  Grimsby.  .Mr.  A.  Nattall  waa 
in  the  chair,  and  the  ({uestions  of  increased  salaries,  six  day  week 
and  certificates  for  qualified  electrical  engineers  were  discussed, 
after  the  reading  of  a  letter  from  the  hon.  sec.,  replying  to  acme 
queries  on  these  points.  The  replies  of  the  hon.  secretary  being  con- 
sidered satisfactory,  the  meeting  passed  a  few  resolutions  with 
regard  to  future  policy  to  be  considered  by  the  London  Committee. 
It  was  suggested  that  the  views  of  chief  electrical  engineers  be 
ascertained  with  regard  to  the  A.E.S.E.  .Mr.  W.  M  Fowler  was 
elected  delegate  to  attend  the  London  conference,  and  it  was 
decided  to  hold  another  meeting  before  the  conference  to  instruct 
the  delegate  on  matters  which  the  Grimsby  district  wishes  to  lay 
before  the  conference. 

Late    Legal.  —  Uattkrsea    Borough    Council    v. 

County  of  London  Electric  Sipply  Co.— In  the  Chancery 
Division  on  Wednesday,  April  '.)th,  Mr.  Justice  Joyce  heard  amotion 
in  this  action  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  decision  as  to  whether 
the  defendants  were  entitled  to  lay  electric  mains  through  the 
streets  of  the  plaintiff  Council. 

Mr.  Hughes,  K.C.,  and  Mr.  Meyer  appeared  for  the  plaintiffs,  and 
Sir  Alfred  Cripps,  K.C.,  and  Mr.  Tyldesley  Jones  for  the  defen- 
dants. 

Mr.  Hughes  said  that  the  real  ([uestion  was  whether  these 
defendants  had  the  right  to  break  up  streets  within  the  plaintiffs' 
area,  and  by  the  notice  of  motion  the  plaintiffs  asked  for  an  injunction 
to  restrain  the  defendants  from  laying  their  mains  in  the  Wands- 
worth Road,  Nine  Elms  lload,  Battersea  Park  Road,  York  Road  or 
any  other  street  or  place  within  the  Metropolitan  Borough  of 
Battersea.  W'hat  the  defendants  wanted  to  do  was  to  lay  their 
mains  along  the  main  roads  right  through  Battersea.  They  had 
already  got  provisional  orders  in  respect  of  some  districts. 

Sir  Alfred  Cripps  said  they  had  yet  to  get  the  consent  of  the 
Board  of  Trade,  but  the  question  was  whether  the  defendants  had 
the  right  to  lay  the  mains  at  all.  Mr.  Hughes  said  that  if  the 
defendants  had  the  right,  then  in  respect  of  any  difference  as  to 
route  or  the  way  the  mains  should  be  laid,  it  was  to  be  settled  by 
the  Board  of  Trade,  but  the  only  question  was  whether  the  defen- 
dants had  any  right  to  do  it  at  all.  If  they  had  the  right,  then 
the  further  question  would  arise  as  to  how  the  right  should  be 
exercised.  That  was  to  be  settled  by  agreement  with  the  local 
authority,  and  failing  an  agreement  by  an  arbitrator  appointed  by 
the  Board  of  Trade.  The  defendants  had  no  power  to  do  what  was 
complained  of  under  their  provisional  orders  or  the  Confirmation 
Act,  and  the  question  was  whether  they  had  under  a  subsequent 
Act  which  related  to  various  other  metropolitan  companies  as  well. 
The  defendants  had  certain  defined  areas  of  supply. 

Mr.  Justice  Joyce  asked  whether  they  claimed  a  monopoly  in 
these  areas. 

Mr.  Hughes  thought  not,  but  that  did  not  matter  for  the 
purposes  of  the  Act. 

Sir  Alfred  said  that  in  some  districts  there  were  one  or  two 
companies  supplying. 

Mr.  Hughes  said  the  defendants  had  a  large  area  of  supply  on 
the  south  of  the  Thames,  which  included  Wandsworth,  Camber- 
well  and  north  of  that  to  the  Southwark  boundary.  Wandsworth 
was  detached  from  the  other  two  by  a  short  intervening  space  of 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mUe.  They  had  an  area  on  the  north  side 
of  the  Thames  with  a  generating  station  at  Clerkenwell.  They  had 
also  a  generating  station  at  Wandsworth,  just  where  the  Wandle 
flowed  into  the  Thames.  They  had  no  right  of  supply  in  Battersea, 
but  what  they  were  proposing  to  do  was  to  lay  a  main  along  the 
high  road  through  the  Borough  of  Battersea,  and  the  plaintiffs,  as 
the  highway  authority,  objected  to  their  breaking  up  the  streets. 
It  was  not  necessary  for  him  to  point  out  that  the  importance  of 
the  ([uestion  was  very  great.  This  main  street  was  honeycombed 
with  pipes,  and  if  additional  powers  were  given  to  any  power 
company  to  break  up  the  street  it  would  be  a  very  serious  matter 
indeed.  There  were  already  there  electric  light  companies'  wires, 
telegraph  and  telephone  wires,  sewers,  water  pipes  and  what  not. 
If  the  defendants,  therefore,  had  not  the  right  they  claimed,  it  was 
very  important  for  the  Council  to  prevent  them  from  doing  what 
they  were  proposing  to  do.  The  point  in  the  case  was  that  the 
Wandsworth  area  was  already  connected  with  CamberweU  area  at  a 
point  close  to  West  Norwood  and  that  they  desired  further  to  con- 
nect those  two  areas  was  the  key  to  the  whole  matter.  Recently, 
under  powers  given  by  the  County  of  London  Electric  Supply 
Act,   of   1908,    the    defendants    had    connected    up    their    aonth 


612 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW.        [Voi.72.  no.i,8«,  April  ii,  i9i3. 


areas  with  the  peneratinp  Btation  at  Clerkenwell  by  cablfs 
carried  over  London  Bridpe.  The  whole  of  their  areas 
were,  therefore,  now  connected  together,  and  each  area  was 
connected  with  both  of  their  generating:  stations.  What  they  now 
wanted  to  do  was  to  have  this  further  connection,  which  they  did 
not  alleirc  was  necessary,  but  only  alleg^ed  that  it  was  convenient. 
It  was  most  important  to  bear  in  mind  that  all  their  areas  were 
already  connected,  and  that  both  generating  stations  were  connected 
with  all  the  areas,  as  his  case  would  be  that  thoy  were  only 
entitled  to  necessary  connections.  The  Act  of  190!<  for  the  first 
time  enabled  the  suppliers  of  electrical  energy  in  the  Metropolitan 
area  to  enter  into  agreements  with  one  another,  and  in 
order  to  enable  f^uch  agreements  to  be  carried  out, 
power  was  given  to  connect  one  area  with  another, 
and  also  to  connect  generating  stations  with  outlying 
areas.  In  their  own  areas  the  method  of  carrying  it  out  was  to  be 
governed  by  each  company's  own  Acts,  coupled  with  the  general 
sections  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act  of  1SS2,  and  special  sections 
of  the  Act  of  1S99,  and  where  the  mains  were  laid  outside  the  area 
the  right  was  to  be  subject  to  the  provisions  of  -those  Acts  and 
agreement  with  the  local  authority  interested.  Failing  agreement 
with  the  local  authority,  the  matter  was  to  be  submitted  to  an 
arbitrator  appointed  by  the  Hoard  of  Trade.  The  route  which 
defendants  were  proposing  to  follow  was  the  most  inconvenient 
possible,  because  it  went  along  the  main  street  of  Battersea 
from  one  end  to  the  other.  That  would,  of  course,  be 
a  matter  for  the  Board  of  Trade,  but  what  the 
defendants  wanted  was  a  second  or  alternative  connection 
between  their  Wandsworth  and  Southwark  area?,  and  that  the 
plaintiffs  contended  they  were  not  entitled  to.  If  they  were 
entitled  to  more  than  one,  then  counsel  supposed  they  might  have 
three,  four,  five,  or.  in  fact,  any  number  they  chose. 

His  Lordship  asked  when  the  existing  connection  was  made. 

Sir  Alfred  said  about  1  fi  years  ago  by  agreement  with  the  local 
authority,  but  it  was  outside  Battersea. 

Mr.  Hughes  submitted  that  the  Act  did  not  give  them  any  power 
except  to  make  a  connection  where  they  had  not  got  it  already. 

Mr.  Justice  Joyce  :  You  admit  that  but  for  this  existing  con- 
nection the  company  would  be  entitled  to  do  what  wa"*  proposed. 

Mr.  Hughes  thought  that  probably  they  would.  If  they  were 
not  connected,  he  said,  they  would  probably  be  entitled  to  make  a 
connection.  The  section,  however,  seemed  to  be  carefully  limited. 
The  words  were  "to  make  a  connection,"  and  he  contended  that 
that  meant  to  make  one  and  one  only.  If  the  plaintiflfs'  contention 
was  right  they  might  make  any  number  of  connections  they  liked. 
They  said  this  proposed  connection  was  convenient,  but  they  did 
not  say  it  was  a  necessity. 

His  Lordship  :  What  order  do  the  plaintiflfs  ask  for  .' 

Mr.  Hughes  said  that  they  wanted  a  declaration  that  under  the 
section  the  defendants  were  not  entitled  to  make  the  proposed  con- 
nection. 

His  Lordship  said  he  could  not  do  that  on  an  interlocutory 
motion.  He  might  grant  an  injunction  restraining  the  defendants 
from  making  any  connection,  but  could  not  grant  an  injunction  to 
restrain  the  breaking  up  of  the  roads. 

Mr.  Hughes  said  an  injunction  to  restrain  the  making  of  the 
connection  would  satisfy  them,  and,  of  course,  so  far  as  they  were 
concerned,  it  would  be  confined  to  Battersea. 

Sir  Alfred  said  that,  assuming  the  Court  was  against  him,  which 
he  did  not  ant'cipate,  he  would  oflfer  every  assistance  for  getting 
the  declaration  or  injunction  in  the  proper  form. 

Mr.  Hughes  sa'd  that  if  the  plaintiffs  were  right,  they  could 
break  up  every  street  in  Battersea. 

Mr.  Justice  Joyce  said  no  donht  the  Board  of  Trade  would  have 
something  to  say  to  that.  Without  calling  upon  counsel  for  the 
defendants,  bis  Lords-hip  dismissed  the  motion.  He  was  not  im- 
pressed, he  said,  with  the  arguments  of  the  plaintiff  Council,  and 
he  did  not  fee  why  the  company  should  not  be  entitled  to  connect 
now  two  or  more  of  their  areas  merely  because  they  had  some 
16  years  ago  managed  to  get  a  connection  which  was  more  or  less 
convenient.  It  might,  or  might  not,  be  suflficient,  and  it  might  be 
either  in  good  or  bad  repair.  There  were  no  words  in  the  section 
which  said  the  company  was  not  to  make  a  connection 
in  places  where  ♦.hey  hsid  one  before  the  passing  of  the  Act,  and  he 
could  not  grant  an  interim  injunction.  The  motion  must,  therefore. 
be  refused,  and  the  costs  of  the  motion  would  be  costs  in  the  action. 

Sir  Alfred  hoped  that,  if  the  Council  had  any  idea  of  proceeding 
to  appeal,  they  would  press  it  on. 

Mr.  Hughes  thought  his  clients  would  probably  do  so. 

His  Lordship  said  the  sooner  the  question  was  settled  the  better. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 


The  Ediiort  invito  electrical  engirwerf,  whether  connected  icith  the 
t«chnical  or  the  commercial  mde  of  the  profetition  and  industry, 
alto  electric  tramway  and  railway  officiaU,  to  keep  readers  of  the 
Electbical  Review  posted  at  to  their  morements. 


Central  Station   Officials.— The  staff  of  tlie  Dundee 

Corporation  electrifity  department  gave  a  dinner  at  the  Queen's 
Hotel  to  Mb.  H.  KlCHAKn.soN,  in  honour  of  his  tenth  anniversary 
as  engineer  and  manager.  Bailie  .1.  M.  .Nairn,  the  pre.sent  chair- 
man, and  Bailie  W.  Don,  ex-chairman  of  the  Electricity  Committee, 


were  present  as  guest*,  and  both  the  bailies  congratulated  Mr. 
Richardson  on  his  able  management,  also  upon  the  remarkable 
success  of  the  department  within  the  last  decade,  and  commented 
on  the  close  friendship  that  existed  between  the  manager  and  the 
staff.  In  reply,  Mr.  Richardson  spoke  of  the  encouragement  he 
had  received  from  both  gentlemen,  and  also  thanked  the  staff  for 
their  loyalty  to  the  department,  especially  the  older  members  who 
were  with  him  in  the  early  days.  After  dinner  a  most  enjoyable 
programme  was  sustained. 

The  Aocrington  Electricity  Committee  has  advanced  the  salary 
of  Mk.  H.  Pilling,  tramways  manager,  from  £200  to  £22.5  per 
annum,  with  a  further  increase  of  £25  next  year  :  and  that  of  Mb. 
A.  W.  Clegg,  electrical  engineer's  assistant,  from  £200  to  £22.') 
per  annum,  with  a  further  increase  of  £2.5  next  year.  Mr.  H. 
Gray,  electrical  eneineer,  is  to  be  paid  £.50  for  overtime  and  extra 
services  ih  connection  with  the  recent  extensions  at  the  electricity 
works. 

Mb.  C.  S.  Tavlok  has  resigned  the  post  of  deputy  engineer  and 
manager  to  the  Hankow  Light  and  Power  Co.,  and  has  accepted  an 
appointment  as  a  sub-station  and  power  engineer  to  the  Shanghai 
Municipal  Council's  electricity  department. 

Mr.  H.  W.  Reeks  (formprly  of  London)  has  resigned  his  position 
as  switchboard  attendant  to  the  Mersey  Power  Co.,  Ltd  .  at  Runcorn, 
having  been  appointed  to  a  similar  position  under  the  London 
County  Council. 

The  Committee  of  the  Worthing  T.C.  has  increased  the  salary  of 
Mr.  C.  BBOADnru.'JT,  assistant  electrical  engineer,  from  £li;0  to 
£170  per  annum. 

The  Carlisle  Electricity  Committee  on  the  4th  inst.  selected 
Me.  Frederick  Walter  Purse,  of  Watford,  for  appointment  as 
electrical  engineer,  at  Carlisle,  at  a  salary  of  £500  per  annum. 
There  were  H8  applicants. 

Tramway  Officials. — The  liirkenhead  T.C,  on  April  2nd, 
confirmed  the  recommendation  of  the  Tramways  Committee,  to 
increase  the  salary  of  Mr.  Wyld.  manager  and  electrical  engineer, 
from  £fi00  to  .£G50  per  annum.  An  amendment  that  the  increase 
be  not  granted  was  rejected  by  21  votes  to  9. 

General. — Mr.  Tiios.  B.  L.  Newstead  has  joined  the 
engineering  staff  of  Me.asrs.  Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd 
as  assistant  in  the  estimating  department  at  Marconi  House,  Strand. 
W.C.  He  was  previously  for  over  three  years  with  the  Westinghouse 
Cooper-Hewitt  Co.,  Ltd..  as  engineer-in-charge  of  their  factory  at 
151-152,  Great  Saffron  Hill,  E.G.,  and  upon  leaving  them  recently 
was  pres-^nted  with  a  silver  teakettle  and  cot-glass  claret  jug  from 
the  oflice  staff  and  employes,  together  with  an  expression  of  cordial 
wishes  for  his  future  success. 

Mr.  Wm  B.\.\ter  has  resigned  his  appointment  with 
Messrs.  A.  R-^yroUe  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Hebburn-on-Tyne,  and  opened  au 
office  at  90,  Pilgrim  Street,  Xewcastle-on-Tyne,  as  an  agent.  He 
will  represent  Messrs.  Daniel  Adamson  la  Co.,  Dukinfield,  for 
turbines,  boilers,  pumps,  >Vc.  ;  Messrs.  Eckstein,  Heap  &  Co.,  Ltd  . 
Manchester,  for  switchgear ;  Messrs.  Newton  Bros.,  Derby,  for 
motors,  dynamos,  gas  engines,  &c.  ;  also  the  St.  Helens  Cable  and 
Rubber  Co.,  Warrington,  for  cab-tire  sheathed  and  other  cables. 
Before  leaving  Messrs.  A.  Reyrolle  ..V:  Co.'s  works  he  wa.-i  presented 
by  ^Ir.  Reyrolle  with  a  handsome  filing  cabinet,  which  was 
subscribed  for  by  the  members  of  the  office  and  works  staff. 

The  marriage  took  place  at  the  Church  of  St.  Peter-Advincula. 
Coggeshall,  Essex,  on  April  Hrd,  of  Mr.  C.  Sandys  Ball,  A.M.I.E.E., 
only  son  of  the  late  of  Mr.  Chas.  Ball,  of  St.  Leonards-on-Sea, 
Hastings,  and  who  is  a  director  of  Messrs.  Brown  ^;  Gr^  en,  Ltd., 
electrical  and  general  engineers,  of  Windsor  Street,  Luton,  and 
Miss  Mary  Bright,  second  daughter  of  the  late  Mr.  Wm.  Bright 
and  of  Mrs.  Bright,  of  Cromwell  House.  Ccggeshall. 

The  telephone  staff  at  Chesterfield  have  presented  a  tea  service  to 
Mr.  a.  B.  Impey,  assistant  manager  for  the  district,  on  his 
marriage. 

Mr.  Philipp  Laubach  has  resigned  his  position  as  manager  of 
the  Bwitchtrear  department  of  the  Electrical  Engineering  and 
Equipment  Co.,  Ltd..  in  order  to  join  the  firm  of  Mr.  J.  A.  Law, 
chartered  patent  agent,  ,^31,  Birkbeck  Bank  Chambers,  Holborn, 
W.C. 

Mb.  W.m.  Ben.jamin"  Pikching.  electrical  engineer,  was  on 
Monday  elected  on  to  the  Southgate  U.D.C.  for  the  Winchmore  Hill 
Ward. 

(M»itoary. — Mr.  .Iames  TANfiVE. — We  regret  to  record 
the  death  of  Mr.  James  Tangye,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  well- 
known  firm  of  Tangyes,  Ltd.  He  was  born  in  1825,  and  was  the 
eldest  of  the  Tangye  family  of  nine.  He  died  on  4th  inst.,  at 
lUogan,  near  Redruth,  Cornwall. 

Pbok.  Adolf  Slahy. — The  Jiwcs  publishes  from  its  Berlin  corres- 
pondent, a  report  stating  that  Prof.  Adolf  Slaby,  of  the  Slaby- 
Arco  wireless  telegraph  system,  died  at  Charlottenburg  on  Sund-iy 
last  at  the  age  of  <;3.  He  received  a  second  paralytic  stroke  a 
fortnight  previously,  and  never  recovered  confciousness.  Our  ccn- 
temporary  states  that  from  1884  to  19(.2  the  deceased  professor 
was  director  of  the  electrical  laboratory  at  the  Technische  Hoch- 
schule,  and  there  began  the  experiments  which  led  to  the  perfection 
of  the  "  Telefunken  "  system.  He  attended  Mr.  Marconi's  experi- 
ments in  England  in  the  year  1S97.  The  Emperor  William  gave 
him  frf(|uent  encouragement  and  support.  In  the  Royal  gardens, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Havel,  he  worked  the  whole  of  the  summer  of 
1897,  cometimes  10  hours  a  day  attempting  to  establish  wireless 
communication  between  the  Pfauen  I -land,  in  Wannsee  and  the 
Pfingstberg.  In  October  of  that  year  he  established  wireless  con- 
nection between  two  captive  balloons  at  a  distance  of  21  km. 


Vol.72.    No.  l,H4r,,  April  II,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


618 


CITY    NOTES. 


Brentford   Electric  Siipiily  Co.,  Ltd. 

TllK  anniml  nicotine  of  this  company  wuh  hold  at  the  oflice  of  the 
company,  1(>,  Stratford  Place,  \V.,  on  Tuesday  lant,  Mr.  V.  Lcvcrton 
llarriH  prcHidinif.  The  following  report  of  the  proceeding's  has 
been  received  :  — 

The  Secretary,  Mr.  E.  Cunliffe  Owen,  havinif  read  the  notice 
convening  the  meetinf;,  the  Chairman  stated  that  of  the  autho- 
rised capital  of  £10,000,  :J,7.")7  ohoreH  had  been  istiucd.  Durinir  the 
year  &:\,('>r>{\  had  been  expendtd  on  capital  account  in  layinp  a 
system  of  dintributiner  mains  throughout  the  area  of  supply  and  in 
providinjr  houHe  pervices  and  meters.  With  repard  to  the  revenue 
aocount  £.507  had  been  paid  to  the  Metropolitan  Electric  Supply 
Co.,  Ltd.,  under  the  bulk  supply  agreement  for  purchane  of  current ; 
repairs  ha<l  co't  £19,  and  manacrement  expenses  and  f;eneral 
eetablishment  and  other  chargct  £181.  The  sale  of  current  had 
broujjht  in  £7(>8  and  other  receipts  £51,  the  financial  result  beinf; 
a  balance  carried  to  net  revenue  account  of  £112,  which  the 
directors  recommend  should  be  carried  forward.  He  thought  the 
shareholders  would  consider  this  a  satisfactory  result  for  the  first 
year's  workinfj.  On  December  3lHt  last  the  number  of  con- 
sumers was  .')7,  their  requirements  amounting;  to  IGST)  KW.,  962  KW. 
being:  for  power.  The  maximum  demand  during  the  first  half 
of  the  year  was  .51  kw.,  and  dnrinfj  the  second  half  this  had  lisen 
to  85  KW.  He  referred  to  the  prospects  of  the  present  year  as 
being:  very  satisfactory,  the  number  of  new  consumers  showing  a 
steady  increase.    The  accounts  were  adopted. 


Lancashire  Djnanio  and  Motor  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors  in  their  report  for  the  year  ended  December  31st, 
1912,  state  that,  after  providing:  for  debenture  »nd  bank  interest 
and  charg:ing:  full  depreciation,  the  accounts  show  a  profit  for  the 
year  of  £15,150.  Adding:  the  sum  of  £1,990  carried  from  the  previous 
year,  there  is  a  dinposable  balance  of  £17,140,  which  it  is  proposed 
to  appropriate  as  follows  : — Dividend  on  preference  shares  for  the 
year  at  the  rate  of  5J  per  cent,  per  annum,  less  tax.  £2,434  ;  interim 
dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per 
annum,  free  of  tax,  paid  October  1st,  1912,  £2,125  ;  final  dividend 
on  the  ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent,  per  annum,  making 
7i  per  cent,  for  the  year,  free  of  tax,  £4,250  ;  directors'  fees, 
£700  ;  to  reeerve  account,  £6,000  ;  carry  forward,  £1,631.  In  view 
of  the  coal  strike  and  disturbed  labour  conditions,  which  have 
restricted  the  output  of  the  year,  the  results  are  considered  satis- 
factory. The  orders  on  hand  are  at  better  prices  than  last  year, 
and  if  there  are  no  labour  disturbances  the  result  for  1913  should 
be  quite  equal  to,  if  not  better  than,  the  past  year. 

The  Manchester  Daily  Di.yiatc/i  publishes  the  following  figures 
showing  three  years'  comparisons  as  follow,  after  deduction  of 
debenture  and  loan  interest  and  depreciation  : — 

1910.  1911.  1913. 


ProfltB         

Preference  dividend 

a,434 

£10,009 
2,434 

jei5,150 
2,434 

Directors'  fees 

2,774 
700 

7.675 
700- 

12,716 
700 

Opening  {creigo  agenciea 

2,074 
1,971 

C.875 

12,016 

Ordinary  dividend 

103 

6,875 
5,100 

12,016 
6,375 

Reserve       

103 

1,775 

5,641 
6,000 

Bronght  forward 

103 

lis 

1,775 
215 

—369 
1.980 

Carried  forward 215  1,990  1,631 

Owing  to  exceptional  circumstances,  including  the  development 
of  new  types  and  opening  of  foreign  agencies,  the  company  for  the 
year  1910  paid  no  dividend  on  its  ordinary  shares,  for  the  first  time 
since  its  formation,  14  years  ago. 

It  is  stated  that  the  company  is  issuing  the  balance  of  the  un- 
issued ordinary  capital,  amounting  to  £15,000,  which  will  bring  the 
total  ordinary  capital  up  to  £100,000. 

We  congratulate  the  company  upon  the  excellent  improvement 
shown  in  the  above  figures  for  1912. 


Stock    Exchange    Notices.  —  The    Committee   have 

ordered  the  undermentioned  securities  to  be  quoted  in  the  OfiScial 
List : — 

Birmingham  District  Power  and  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.— £51,453  additional 
4i  per  cent,  first  debenture  stock. 

'Consolidated  Citips  Light,  Powerand  Traction  Co.— $4,000,000  first  lien  5  per 
cent,  gold  bonds  of  Sr.OO  each  (Nos.  1  to  8,000),  in  lieu  of  the  script. 

Consolidated  Diesol  Fngine  Manufacturers,  Ltd.— 67,470  shares  of  £1  each, 
fully  paid  (Nos.  5a7,t77  to  ,'594,546). 

Pacific  Power  and  Light  Co.— $5,904,000  6  per  cent,  first  and  refunding 
mortgage  90-year  gold  bonds,  international  series  (Nos.  1  to  5,904),  for  $1,0(X) 
each. 

Canadian  General  Electric  Co. — The  report  states  that 

the  year  to  December  31st  was  one  of  marked  expansion.  The 
accounts,  according  to  the  Finani'ier,  show  a  profit  of  ."^2, 01 1,700, 
from  which  have  been  written  off  for  depreciation  §456,400,  and 
for  interest  on  borrowed  capital  1158,900,  leaving  $1,396,500.  Out 
of  this  the  usual  7  per  cent,  dividend  has  been  paid  on  the  preferred 
capital,  and  7  per  cent,  on  ths  common  shares,  together  with  a  bonus 
of  1  per  cent.,  while  $700,000  has  been  added  to  the  reserve  fund, 
giving  a  total  of  $2,360,500  at  credit  of  this  account. 


\»rth  of  Scotland  Electric  Lli^lit  and  l*ouer  (o., 
Ltd. 

TliK  direotorH'  n'|)ort  for  ]'J]'i  slateH  that  MatirfocU^ry   pri)g7c«m  bail 
been    mode   during    the   year.     Thi;  grocn   profit,  including  £l,Or/t 
brought   forward,  is   £H,01M,  and   afUir    me<dirig    intercut   p»id   on 
debentures  and   loans,  amounting  to   £2,799,  and   writing  off  £2X, 
part   cost   of  street   lifrhting   alterations,  and    10*.   Ions  on  meters 
trannferred,   there  remains  a   net  profit  of  £5  221.     The  directors 
recommend  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  2  per  cent,  for  the  year,  which 
will   absorb    £1,000,    that    £2,000   be   plai^id    to    renewal    renerre 
account,  and  that  the  balance,  £2,221,  be  carrier)  forward. 

Montroie.       Hrcclnn.        InverneM. 
Units  generated     ..  ..         ..     287,4711  309.104  SIH.CM 

Units  Hold— Public  lamps  B0,U6.'I  92,878 

Private  conHuiiiorH  by  meUr        ..     118,41(4  11B,»8I  4f5,270 

Total  sold  227,407  149,11J  485,270 

L'.scd  on  works  46,258  40,66a  lUO.l'Jf) 

Total  accounted  for     ..         ..     278,660  190,261  686.890 

Not  accounted  for 18,813  ll.*>40  48,714 

Total  maximum  Hiipply  demanded     ..    178  kw.  110  ku.  827  k«. 

Lampe  connected,  January  1st  ..      98,H82  18,i«90  29,000 

Lamps  connected,  Dccemlx.'r  Slst  24,76.'5  19. %7  82,810 


Prospectus. —  In/enm/ional  Liyhl  and  Povn  Co.,  Ltd. 
— This  week  there  has  been  offered  for  sale  $1,000,000  6  per  cent. 
cumulative  preference  stock,  in  shares  of  $100  (£20  lOs.  8d.),  with 
a  bonus  of  $60  in  common  stock,  at  £18  per  share.  The  list  wae  to 
close  yesterday.  The  company  has  acquired  the  stock  and  deben- 
tures of  companies  owning  electric  light  and  ea,s  plants  and  dis- 
tribution systems  in  Caracas,  Venezuela,  and  Parana,  in  the  Pro- 
vince of  Entre  Rios,  Argentina,  together  with  £30,000  for  working 
capital.  The  Venezuela  Electric  Light  Co.  is  registered  in  Canada, 
and  its  «900,000  ordinary  capital  and  1*900,000  in  5  per  cent, 
debentures  are  all  held  by  the  International  Co.  It  serves  Caracas, 
which  has  a  population  of  80,000,  with  electric  supply,  and  pur- 
chases power  from  a  hydraulic  company,  so  that  further  generat- 
ing stations  beyond  those  now  possessed  are  not  at  present  needed. 
The  Parana  Co.'s  ?500,000  shares  and  1295,000  debentures  are  held 
by  the  International  Co.  Parana  has  a  population  of  42,000,  and 
the  company  has  a  640-kw.  generating  station  operated  by  pro- 
ducer gas,  also  a  gas  supply  plant.  Thn  receipts  and  expenses  of 
both  undertakings  are  quoted  in  the  prospectu.s,  and  a  report  is  also 
given  therein  by  Messrs.  J.  G.  White  &  Co..  Ltd.,  who  will  act  aa 
managers  of  the  properties.  Mr.  W.  C.  Burton  and  Mr.  A.  N, 
Connett,  directors  of  that  company,  are  on  the  board  of  the  Inter- 
national. The  International  Co.  is  negotiating  for  further  similar 
properties,  and  has  entered  into  a  conditional  contmct  for  the  pur- 
chase of  the  shares  and  debentures  of  one  other  electric  lighting 
undertaking.    The  London  offices  are  at  9,  Cloak  Lane,  E.C. 

Milford-on-Sea  Electric  Light  Co.,  Ltd.— Dr.  V.  I). 

Harris  (chairman)  presided  on  March  29th  over  the  annual  meeting 
of  this  company.  The  directors  reported  that  the  progress  during 
the  year  had  been  satisfactory,  and  the  amount  of  revenue  showed 
an  increase  from  £808  to  £906.  After  charging  all  working 
expenses,  writing  £25  off  preliminary  expenses,  and  placing  £149 
aside  for  depreciation  of  plant,  there  remained  a  net  profit  of  £353, 
which  had  been  carried  to  net  revenue  account.  This  had  been 
charged  with  the  interest  on  debentures  and  depreciation  on  invest- 
ment, and  with  the  balance  brought  forward  from  last  year,  there 
remained  £290,  out  of  which  the  directors  recommended  a  divident 
of  5  per  cent,  for  the  year  on  the  ordinary  shares,  the  balance  being 
carried  forward.     The  report  was  adopted. 

Reading   Electric  Supply  Co.,    Ltd. — The   directors 

report  a  net  revenue  for  1912,  after  setting  aside  £3,500  for  depre- 
ciation, and  including  £420  bronght  forward,  of  £7,363.  They 
recommend  a  dividend  of  3i  per  cent.  £517  is  to  be  carried 
forward. 

Sao  Paulo  Tramway,  Light  and   Power   Co.— The 

directors  have  declared  a  dividend  of  2  J  per  cent. 

Rio  de  Janeiro  Tramway.  Light  and  Power  Co..  Ltd. 

— The  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  of  1 ',  per  cent. 

United    River    Plate    Telephone    Co..    Ltd.— The 

directors  have  declared  a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  share  capital  for 
the  nine  months  ended  December  31st  at  the  rate  of  8  per  cent,  per 
annum,  free  of  income-tax  ;  £5,804  is  carried  forward. 

Anglo-Argentine  Tramwajs  Co.,  Ltd. — The  (iirectors 

have  declared  a  final  dividend  of  4:i  per  cent,  on  the  £2,500,000 
ordinary  share  capital  for  the  half-year  to  December  3l8t.  less 
income-tax,  making  85  per  cent,  for  the  year.  £135,000  is  placed 
to  depreciation,  renewals  funds,  &e.,  and  £9,253  is  carried  forward. 
The  dividend  for  1911  was  only  7  J  \iex  cent. 

Electrolytic  Alkali  Co.,  Ltd. — Accorciing  to  yester(3ay's 
papers,  a  notice  was  issued  by  the  Electrolytic  Alkali  Co.,  Middle- 
wich,  summoning  an  extraordinary  general  meeting  to  pass  a 
resolution  voluntarily  winding  up  the  company's  business.  The 
year's  accounts,  which  accompany  the  notice,  show  a  debit  balance 
of  £11,894.  The  directors  state  that  the  negotiations  for  power 
schemes,  which  would  have  placed  the  company  in  a  sound 
position,  have  failed,  and  they  feel  that  until  modern  power  plant 
has  been  installed  they  can  hold  out  no  prospect  of  the  company 
earning  a  profit.    The  company's  issued  capital  is  £301,869. 

Direct  United  States  Cables  Co..  Ltd.— Final  divi- 
dend, 2s.  per  share,  less  income-tax,  payable  30th  inst.,  making 
with  the  three  interim  dividends  already  paid  a  total  distribution 
of  4  per  cent,  for  the  year  ended  March,  1913.  The  transfer  booka 
will  be  closed  from  April  15th  to  29th, 


614 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EE^TEW 


[Vol.  72.     No.  l,84t;,  April  11,  1913. 


MARKET     QUOTATIONS. 


It  shonld  be  remembered,  in  making  use  of  the  figures  appearing 
in  the  following  list,  that  in  some  cases  the  prices  are  only  general, 
and  may  vary  according  to  quantities  and  other  circnmstanoes. 


Wednesday.  April  9th. 


CHEMICALS,  &c 

Latest 
Price. 

Fortnight's 
Inc.  or  Deo. 

M  Add,  Uydrooblorlo 

per  owl, 

6/. 

a     „     Nitric 

22/. 

aid. 

a     „     Oxalic           

per'lb. 

a     „      Bulphurio 

per  cwt. 

6/6 

a  Ammoniac  Sal        

42/- 

a  Ammonia,  Muriate  (large  crystal)  per  ton 

£29  10 

a  BleachinR  powder 

£6  5 

a  Bisulphide  of  Carbon 

£18 

a  Borax  

£17  10 

a  Copper  Sulphate 

' 

£23  15 

a  Lead,  Nitrate         

£29  10 

a      „      White  Sugar 

£2710 

•       „      Peroxide 

£33 

e  Methylated  Spirit 

per'gal. 

2/6 

a  Potassium,  Bichromate,  in  casks 

per  lb. 

8Ad. 
££110 

a  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %) 

per  ton 

a        „       Chlorate 

per  lb. 

Sid. 

a        „       Perchlorate 

4  d. 

a  Potassium,  C^fanide  (98/100  %) . . 

7Jd. 

(for  mining  purposes  only) 

a  Shellac          

per  cwt. 

80/- 

5,'- 

dec. 

a  Sulphate  of  Magnesia      . . 

per  ton 

£4  10 

a  Sulphur,  Sublimed  Flowers 

£610 

■        „        Recovered 

£6  10 

a        „        Lump 

£6 

a  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/72  %)    . . 

„ 

£10  6 

a      „     Chlorate       

per  lb. 

Bid. 

a      „      Crystals          

per  ton 

£3  6 

a  Sodium  Bichromate,  casks 

per  lb. 

Bd. 

• 

METALS.  &c. 

b  Aluminium  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  . . 

per  ton 

£95 

b           „           Wire,  in   ton  lots  i 

£112 

(1  to  14  8.W.G.)  ; 

" 

b          „          Sheet,  in  ton  lots   . . 

£120 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots     . . 

£88  to  £146 

c  Brass  (rolled  metal  2*  to  12*  basis) 

per  lb. 

8}d. 

id. 

inc. 

c      „     Tube  (brazed) 

,, 

lOid. 

Id. 

inc. 

c      „         „     (solid  drawn) 

„ 

9d. 

fa. 

inc. 

c      „     Wire,  basis 

8gd. 

id. 

inc. 

c  Copper  Tubes  (brazed)     . . 

„ 

lUd. 
lOid. 

}d. 

inc. 

c       „           „      (solid  drawn) 

}d. 

inc. 

g       H       Bars  (best  selected) 

per  ton 

£84 

£1 

inc. 

g       „       Sheet          

£84 

il 

inc. 

g       „       Rod 

£84 

£1 

inc. 

d       „      (Electrolytic)  Bars 

£69  15 

£86  10 

rf       „                 „           Rods 

j^ 

£75 

d       „                 „           H.C.  Wire 

per  lb. 

m. 

/  Ebonite  Rod           

^^ 

4/6 

9d. 

dec. 

/       „         Sheet         

*!■ 

9a. 

dec. 

a  German  Silver  Wire 

1/10 

ill  Guttapercha,  fine 

,, 

7/-  to  8/- 

b  India-rubber,  Para  fine  . . 

8/5 

5id 

dec. 

/  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . . 

per  ton 

65/C 

Id 

inc. 

/     „    Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual. 

£14 

g  Lead,  English  Pig 

£17  15 

£1. 

inc. 

m  Manganin  Wire  No.  28   . . 

per  lb. 

6/6 

g  Mercury         

per  bot, 

£7  10 

e  Mica  (in  original  cases)  small  . . 

per  lb, 

6d.  to  8s. 

e     1.               n           „      medium 

„ 

8/6  to  6/- 

e     ,.               ..            „      large   .. 

7/6  to  11/- 

o  Nickel,  sheet,  wire,  &c 

3/6  to  4/6  nom. 

p  Phosphor  Bronze,  plain  castings 

„ 

1/2  to  l/3i 

p         „           H    rolled  bars  &  rods 

1/2 

p         „           „  rolled  strip  &  sheet 

j^ 

1/24 

o  Platinum       

per  oz. 

186/- 

d  Silicium  Bronze  Wire 

per  lb. 

lld. 

r  Steel,  Magnet,  in  bars 

per  ton 

£66 

g  Tin,  Block  (English) 

,, 

£232  to  £234 

£16 

inc. 

a    „     Wire,  Nos.  1  to  16    . . 

per  lb. 

2/7 

p  White  Anti-friction  Metals 

per  ton 

ittf  to  £928 

Jt  Zinc,  8b't  (Viellle  Montagne  bnd.) 

£28  10 

Qaotatlons  supplied  by- 


a  Q.  Boor  i  Co, 

6  The  British  Aluminium  Co.,  Ltd, 

c  Thos.  Bolton  A  Sons,  Ltd, 

d  Frederick  Smith  &  Co. 

e  F.  Wiggins  4  Sons, 

/India-Rubber,   Gatta-Percha   and 

Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd, 
r  James  i  Bhakspeare, 
i  Edward  TIU  A  Oo. 


y  Boiling  A  Lowe, 

k  Morris  Ashby,  Ltd, 

/  Richard  Johnson  ft  Nephew,  Ltd, 

m  W.  T.  Glover  4  Co.,  Ltd, 

a  P.  Ormiston  ft  Sons 

o  Johnson,  Matthey  ft  (3o.i  Ltd- 

p 

r  W,  V.  Dennis  ft  Oo, 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tuesday  Evening. 

Thk  Balkanti  bueinees  seems  to  get  more  oppressive  instead  of  less 
We  seem  to  have  Ijeen  standing  on  the  eve  of  peace  over  and  over 
Bgain,  but  something  has  intervened  at  the  last  minute  to  intercept 
the  conclusion  of  the  war,  and  markets  are  in  a  sensitive  and  ner- 
vous condition,  not  knowing  from  day  to  day  what  will  be  the  next 
turns  of  events.  On  Monday,  matters  seemed  to  be  drifting  once 
more  in  the  direction  of  a  general  Euroi>ean  imjianse,  but  on  Tues- 
day a  partial  recovery  followed  rumours  of  the  Servians  having 
abandoned  their  intention  of  taking  Scutari. 

Every  now  and  then  cornea  one  of  these  little  tlashea  of  bright- 


ness, to  be  dimmed,  as  a  rule,  within  all  too  short  a  time.  Fresh 
borrowing  is  no  more  than  checked,  for  new  issues  of  substantial 
amount  appear  with  unpleasant  frequency.  Fortunately,  the  acute 
stringency  in  the  money  market  stands  somewhat  relaxed,  but  the 
expectations  that  the  Bank  of  England  would  this  week  reduce  its 
rate  are  at  the  moment  considered  nebulous,  in  view  of  the  unsettle- 
ment  of  the  outlook  abroad. 

Prices  had  to  give  way  everywhere  in  the  Stock  Exchange  where 
^  bull  account  of  any  sort  existed,  and  the  Home  Railway  market 
has  already  suffered  severely.  The  Undergrounds  proved  incapable 
of  resisting  the  tendency,  and  Metropolitans  shed  1  {  after  their 
substantial  rise  of  last  week,  while  the  Surplus  Lands  stock  fell  1. 
and  the  two  Preference  issues  both  lost  a  point.  Districts  went 
back  1{.  Underground  Electric  shares  fell  J  and  the  Income 
Bonds  i.  City  and  South  London  l^Ql  Preference  went  back  to 
9'JJ.  The  spurt  in  East  Londons,  which  carried  up  the  price  of  the 
stock  to  102,  became  exhausted  under  the  pressure  of  the  bulls  to 
realise  their  profits,  and  the  price  has  fallen  back  to  I»i,  notwith- 
standing the  electrification.  North  Londons  at  93J  are  2  down. 
Traction  issues  remain  fairly  steady,  but  British  Electric  7  per 
cent.  Preferred  is  again  }  lower.  Yorkshire  >'•  per  cent.  Preference 
shares  at  3 ',  show  i  rise. 

In  English  Electricity  Supply  shares,  the  only  rises  are  one  of 
I'fi  in  Edmundsons'  (1  per  cent.  Non-Cumulative  Preference,  and 
another  of  J  in  Bournemouth  and  Poole  Second  Preference. 
London  Preference  are  the  turn  easier,  but  Westminsters  and 
Bromptons  have  retained  their  advances.  The  prior  charge  issues 
are  firm,  a  point  rise  in  Midland  Electric  4i  per  cent.  Debenture 
stock  heing  the  only  quotable  change. 

After  the  rise  in  Marconis  last  week  there  has  been  some  reaction, 
both  Ordinary  and  Preference  going  back.  Canadians  eased  off  to 
16s.,  Americans  to  U,  and  Spanish  to  18s.  9d.  The  dealings  of 
the  three  Cabinet  Ministers  remain  the  subject  of  the  liveliest 
interest  in  the  Stock  Exchange,  where  members,  while  disclaiming 
political  bias,  have  only  one  opinion  as  to  the  discretion  shown  by 
responsible  members  of  the  Government  in  investing  their  money 
at  100  per  cent,  premium  in  shares  of  a  company  like  the  American 
Marconi. 

National  Telephone  Deferred  has  fallen  to  18:,',  some  of  the 
previous  holders  evidently  getting  timid  with  regard  to  the 
probable  payment  that  will  be  made  in  respect  of  this  stock. 
Great  Northern  Telegraphs  have  again  mounted,  putting  on  another 
10s.  on  top  of  the  rise  of  50s.  which  took  place  in  them  last  week 
— due,  of  course,  to  the  increase  in  the  dividend.  The  hardening 
process  in  Eastern  Telegraph  Ordinary  is  once  more  noticeable,  and 
Globes  have  risen  J.  New  York  Telephone  bonds  continue  to 
be  bought  by  the  investor,  and  the  quotations  have  again  reached 
par.  Improvements  have  been  scored  by  Monte  Video  Telephones 
and  Oriental  Telephones.  Mackay  Common  and  Preference  picked 
up  in  response  to  New  York  advices,  the  American  Railroad 
market  being  so  firm  as  to  letwi  Industrials  in  its  train.  American 
Telephone  stock  and  bonds  are  both  better. 

The  Latin-Canadian  market  is  comparatively  hard,  considering 
the  dullness  ruling  elsewhere.  Mexico  Trams  and  Mexican  Light 
and  Power  Common  shares  have  gone  back,  which  is  not  very  sur- 
prising, seeing  that  they  both  had  big  improvements  a  week  ago. 
The  bonds  of  both  companies,  however,  continue  to  advance,  and 
those  of  the  Mexico  Tramways  Company  are  in  demand  from  the 
Provinces  as  well  as  London.  British  Columbia  Electric  Deferred 
stock  rose  2  on  the  day  that  the  lists  closed  for  sending  in  applica- 
tions for  the  new  shares  offered  by  the  Company.  These  latter  had 
been  quoted  at  Is.  6d-28.  (»d.  premium  for  cash,  and  an  incessant 
stream  of  selling  took  place  during  the  past  fortnight  by  holders 
who  elected  to  accept  their  profit  rather  than  to  take  up  the  shares 
and  wait  for  something  more  substantial.  That  the  new  shares 
will  improve  seems  virtually  assured,  unless  anything  very  unex- 
pected should  happen.  British  Columbia  is  going  ahead  rapidly, 
but,  as  is  the  case  with  many  other  parts  of  Canada,  the  stringency 
of  the  money  markets  of  the  world  has  made  itself  felt  even  as  far 
West  as  this. 

Shawinigan  Water  lost  a  point,  though  the  4  J  per  cent.  Deben- 
ture stock  is  i  higher.  Brazil  Tractions,  after  touching  102,  went 
back  to  100,  the  price  being  swayed  considerably  by  the  tenour  of 
the  foreign  political  news.  Canadian  General  Electric  Common 
strengthened  to  117.  Outside  this  group  the  market  is  quietly 
dull.  Buenos  Ayres  Trams  lost  J.  and  Bombay  Electric  Preference 
went  back  to  Hi,  a  fall  of  .',.  No  changes  have  occurred  in  the 
Anglo-Argentine  quintet. 

British  Westinghouse  Preference  shares  and  Debenture  stock  are 
both  better,  and  British  Aluminium  5  per  cent.  Prior  Lien  Deben- 
tures put  on  another  point,  attention  being  directed  to  them  by 
reason  of  the  soundness  of  the  .security  offered  by  the  stock. 
Henleys  are  a  little  lower.  Armament  shares,  after  being  strong, 
went  back  again.  Armstrongs  rose  smartly  upon  the  decision  of 
the  board  to  give  proprietors  one  new  share  for  every  four  old  at 
present  held,  but  part  of  the  rise  was  lost  later,  when  it  was 
announced  that  the  board  intended  to  apply  for  powers  to  issue 
a  couple  of  million  pounds  new  capital  in  5  per  cent. 
Preference  shares.  \'ickers,  too,  have  been  a  little  erratic 
leaning  somewhat  to  the  dull  side.  Babcocks  at  ^I'j 
have  failed  to  recover  from  their  small  shrinkage 
of  a  week  ago.  The  rubber  share  market  enjoyed  a  brief  spell  of 
strength  upon  the  conclusion  of  the  fortnightly  auctions,  but  this 
evaporated,  and  prices  have  once  more  fallen  back  into  weakness, 
with  buyers  of  the  shares  distinctly  scarce.  There  is  now  a  fairly 
big  bear  account  in  many  of  the  leading  rubber  issues,  so  that  if 
the  price  of  the  commodity  were  to  take  an  upward  turn,  there  is  a 
ready-made  element  of  strength.  Still,  at  the  moment,  there  does 
not  seem  much  chance  of  a  sustained  revival  occurring  in  raw 
rubber. 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,s|i;,  Ai'iiii.  II,  l'.ii:i. 


TIIK    VAA'XTlilCAh    RKVIKW. 


015 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELECTRICAL     COMPANIES. 


ENULIHH    ELECTRICITY    SUPPLY    AND   POWER   COMPANIES. 


Bonmemoath  A  Poole,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    <J%Prof 

Do.    fleoond  8  %  Prol. 

Do,    44%Dob.  Htock.. 
Brompton  &  KoiiRlngton,  Ord... 

Do,    7%  Cum.  Pret 

Central  Elootrlo  Uupply,  4  %) 

Gaar.  Deb.  ( 

Ch»rlDg  OrosB,  Weet  End  i.  Olty 

Do.    4i%0um.  Pref 

Do.     •'^Cily     Undertaking "  1 
4i  %  Cum.  PreJ.  J 

Do.  Do,  4%  Deb 

Chelsea,  Ord 

Do.    44%  Deb 

City  of  London,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.     B  %  Deb 

Do.    4i  %  Booond  Deb, 
Oonnty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4J%Dcb 

Do,    4$  %  Berond  Deb, 
BdmandBon'a,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    ii  %  Flret  Mori.  Deb,  . . 
FclkeBtone 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4i%  First  Deb 

HoTe 


Btook 

DlTldenda 

Bhare. 

tor 

. 

lllll. 

1913. 

10 

SJ 

<i 

10 

ih 

10 

ft 

« 

stock 

^ 

M 

B 

10 

10 

fi 

7 

7 

100 

4 

4 

S 

fi 

Bi 

S 

ii 

*i 

E 

a 

*i 

100 

4 

4 

6 

B 

4t 

Stock 

*h 

i>\ 

10 

« 

!» 

10 

6 

(> 

Stock 

B 

B 

100 

*i 

ih 

10 

« 

« 

10 

6 

6 

Stock 

^i 

\l 

Stock 

4 

£S 

Nil 

6 

Nil 

a 

5 

100 

ih 

<* 

6 

6 

6 

6 

B 

6 

100 

ih 

4* 

B 

9 

8t 

Oloilng 
QiiotKblona 
.\piil  Kth. 


li-  Kix.l 

"4-   «4 
m  —  loj 

96  —  (18 
8J-    BUxd 

fi-    His(\ 

95  —  98 

ti-    41 
43-    4 


914  -  9114 
44-     5 

9G  —  !)!) 

K;  —  174 

12  -  13 
116  —120 
100  —102 

lo;-  Hi 

Hi-  12 
104  -lOfi 
i)!»  —102 

4*-  4S'" 

n-  n 

81  —  81 
44—    6    xd 
44—    5   xd 

90  —  99 
74-    8 


Rlie 

ProienI 

+  or 

TIeld 

Fall 

V.o. 

— 

t  •.  d. 

B   18     6 

4  14    9 

+  * 

E  11     M 

4  11  10 

B    H    fl 

8  18  ID 

4     1    8 

5    2    7 

4  14    9 

E    2  10 

4    5    7 

6    0    0 

4  10  U 

5    (1    H 

4  10    7 

4    3    4 

4    8    3 

6     6    H 

5    0    0 

4     4  U 

4    8    3 

Nil 

+   in 

B.  7    2 

BOO 

5   0   n 

4  17  10 

S  12    6 

Kenilnglon  A  KulghlBbrldge,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  ElRO.  Power,  44  %  Deb.  .. 
London  Elootrlo,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4  %  First  Mori.  Dob,    . . 
Metropolitan  

Do.    44%  Cam.  Pref 

Do.    44  %  First  Mori.  Deb. .. 

Do.    84  %  Mori.  Deb 

Midland   Elootric  Corporation ) 

44  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  f 

NswcastleonTjne  6%  Pref.,  1 

Non-Gum,  J 

North  Metropolitan  Power  Sup- 1 

ply,  B  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  J 

Netting    Hill,    6  %  Non-Com. ) 

Pref.  / 

Oxford  

Bt.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do,    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

BmlthQeld  Markets,  Ord, 
South  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  First  Mori.  Deb.    .. 
South  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref. . . 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Stook  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pj-ef.   .. 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb. 
Westminster,  Ord, 

Do,    44%Cam.  Pre!, .. 


Btook 

DlTtdmd> 

Share. 

lot 

, 

1911. 

1912. 

6 

» 

Ht 

Btook 

4 

4 

Block 
B 

SI 

«4 

E 

a 

« 

Block 

4 

4 

E 

4 

41 

E 

4 

4 

Block 

4 

4 

Btook 

a 

S 

100 

<4 

a 

E 

B 

E 

100 

E 

E 

10 

6 

6 

» 

li 

61 

E 

10 

101 

5 

7 

7 

100 

84 

84 

E 

2 

2 

4 

6 

fi 

100 

B 

B 

1 

7 

7 

100 

44 

*>, 

£3 

Nil 

5 

2 

I 

100 

4* 

♦* 

S 

10 

10 

E 

4 

44 

aodBfl 

BIM 

•f  or 

April  6lh. 

rail 

74-    B 

90-98 

78-80 

II-    U 

4;-    5* 

-4 

91  -  94 

84-    Itix'l 

4i-    41 

97  —100 

84  —  86 

99  -  102 

+  1 

4i-    iixi 

994-1024 

9J-10i| 

EX-  ei 

8*—    9 
61-    7J 

84  —  87 

a-  1* 

2i-    fUd 

97  —100 

94  —  97    xd 

.tsl 

83  —    (>6  xd 

Kl-    !) 

*i-   6i 

Prownt 
TUU 
p.0. 


M  1.  d. 

6  12  6 

4  6  0 

E  12  f. 

4  0  0 

E  17  I 

4  fi  I 

5  .1  :i 
4  17  4 
4  10  0 


E  11 

6  1:) 


E    3 
fi  U 


COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN   ELECTRICITY   SUPPLY   AND   POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pref 

Calcutta,  Ord 

Do.    5%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  let  Mort,  Bda, 
Canadian  Qen.  Ei,  Com, 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and  T,,  Ord. 

Do.    B%Deb.    . 

Blec.Lt.andP.ofCeohabamba, ) 

S  %  Bonds  j 

Bier,  Bapply  Victoria,  6  %  1st ) 

Mort.  Deb.  J 

Bleo,  Dot,  Ontario,  6   %   Istl 

Mort.  Bonds ) 

Ealgoorlle  Eleo.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

KaminlBtlaula  Power,  B%  Q.  Bb. 

Madras,  Ord.  

Melbourne,  6  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt.,  5%  1st  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do,    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    E  %  let  Mort,  Qold  Eds, 


B 

ft 

B 

E 

8* 

7t 

6 

B 

f> 

100 

E 

E 

«100 

7 

7 

$100 

T 

7 

1 

» 

100 

5 

5 

100 

6 

6 

100 

E 

E 

8500 

E 

S 

10/- 

Nil 

I 

B 

B 

$600 

B 

6 

6 

Nil 

100 

E 

E 

6 

E 

8100 

4 

H 

$100 

T 

T 

6 

E 

6a- 

93  - 
115  - 
119  - 

«- 
I3h- 


■  H 

■  U 
■3 

■  95 
-lit  xd 
-123  xd 

•  i 

■  R64  xd 

•  95 


90  —  98 

924-  944 

101  —103 

li—     1? 
101  —104 

8-2  —  P5 
78  —  81 
104  -1(,7 
92^ -  94^ 


S  14    3 

6  19     4 

4  17    7 

5    5    8 

42 

5  17    8 

5  18  10 

5  14     3 

6    3    8 

6    6    4 

5    7    6 

-i 

5    5  10 

Nil 

9  16    2 

-4 

4  17    1 

4  16    3 

-ti 

5  17    8 

—1 

i  18    9 

-n 

6  10  10 

+  4 

6     6  10 

Monterey  Bly.  Light  &  Power, ) 

6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb.  I 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power   .. 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal,) 

6  %  1st  Mort.  Bonds  J 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref,      . . 

Do.    5%  Deb.  Btook    .. 

Roy,  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  1 

Ist  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Bbawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do,    6  %  Con.  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per,  Deb 


Toronto  Power,  4*  %  Deb, 
"         "         '  i.,  P.  and  T„  6  %  1 
let  Mort.  Deb.  J 


Vera  Cruz  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  6  ' 


Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref, 

West  Eootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 

lat  Mort.  6%  Gold/ 


100 

6 

6 

8100 

8 

9t 

8500 

6 

6a 

Btook 

in 

Do. 

B 

B 

Do. 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

8100 

E 

6 

8500 

6 

5 

Stook 

t 

44 

Do. 

44 

100 

6 

E 

1 

lljd. 

I7id. 

100 

6 

6 

834-  864 
225  -£30 


217  —227 
105  —110 
100  —102 


1.9  -141 
107  -103 
lOU-1034 
974—  994 
91  —  94 

*i-     ii 

106  - 108 


+  4 


6  15    7 
8  18    3 


4  8  0 
E  9  1 
4  18    0 


3  9 

4  11 


4  10 
6    6 


TELEGRAPH  A^B   TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amaion  Telegraph 

Do.    B%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  &  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do.    CoUat.  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  -  Portuguese   Tel.,  5  %  ) 
Mort.  Deb.  J 

Chill  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Stlg.  4%  Deb. 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do.     10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.     10%  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct   W.  India  Cable,  44  %\ 
Reg.  Deb.  / 
Eastern  Telegraph,  Ord.  Btook 

Do.    84%  Pref.  Stock.. 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb,    .. 
Bastern  Extension  ..        ,. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and   B,   Africa  Tel.  4  %1 
Mt,  Db.  Mauritius  Sub.  / 
Globe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%Prei 

Great  Northern  Telegraph       , , 
Indo-European  Telegraph 
Uaokay  Companies  Common  .. 

Do.    4  %  Cum.  Pref 

Haroonl's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do,    1  %  Com,  Partlo.  Pief , 


10 

4 

i¥ 

Btook 

B 

6 

8100 

8 

Bt 

$1000 

4 

4 

Stock 

H 

H 

Do. 

6 

« 

Do. 

80/- 

100 

E 

E 

E 

7 

B 

Btook 

4 

4 

10 

B 

6t 

10 

10 

10 

E 

4 

4t 

E 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

100 

44 

44 

Stook 

7 

7t 

Do. 

84 

84 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7t 

Stook 

4 

4 

86 

4 

4 

10 

6 

fit 

10 

« 

B 

10 

18 

20 

36 

13 

Bt 

100 

5 

6 

8100 

1 

4 
20 

4 

I 

17 

7-74 

6    0    0 

97  -  99 

5     1    0 

134  —136  xd 

4  1 

6  17    8 

91  —  93 

41 

4    6    0 

6)  —  68 

4    8    3 

llU-1124 

5     6    8 

241-  m 

6     I  10 

994-1014 

4  18    6 

m-  m 

5     1     1 

80  -  82  xtl 

4  17    7 

8-9       , 

.. 

6    9    9 

16  -  17 

5  17    8 

81—    Sfxcl 
64—    7xd 

6    6    8 

7    2  10 

6J-     7i 

5  10    4 

99  —101 

4    9    0 

135  -138 

+   5 

6    16 

785-  8O4 

4    6  11 

9i  —  97 

4    2    6 

121-  13§ 

6    4    8 

96  —  97 

4    2    6 

98  -101 

3  19    8 

101-  Hi 

+   * 

6    6    8 

124-  13 

4  12    4 

32  -  34 

4  4 

5  17    8 

68  —  110 

6    8    4 

m  —  fi; 

434 

5  16    3 

69  —  72 

424 

5  11     1 

ii-   H 

-,v 

4  11     6 

3*—     3; 

-4 

4  10    8 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord. .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

New  York  Telep.,  44%aen.  Bnds. 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Elec.         .. 

Do,    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4%  Red.  Deb 

PaoiBo  and  European  Tel,,  4  %  I 

Quar.  Debs.  / 

Router's       .  

Do.    New  Shares 
Submarine  Uauies  Trust 
Telephone  Co,  of  Egypt,  44  %  > 
Deb.  Red. ) 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    5%  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do,     4  %   Debs.,  1  to      600) 

guar,  by  Braz.  Sub  Tel.  J 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Ut  Pref. 

Do,    6  %  Cum.  and  Pref. 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Lid,  ,. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

6 

8t 

1 

B 

6 

100 

44 

44 

1 

8 

fit 

1 

K 

fi 

Stook 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

lot 

10 

Cert. 

6 

6 

Stock 

44 

44 

E 

8 

S 

B 

E 

94 

34 

100 

4 

4 

10 

a* 

i4t 

10 

fi 

6 

10 

6 

« 

100 

s 

6 

10 

7 

7t 

Stook 

4 

4 

81000 

44 

44 

3 1 

99I— lOOJ 
li-  2 
l.'ia —  Ibt 
88  —  90 

974-  994 

Hi-  113 

lOiX-UA 
127  —180 

96  —  98 

n-  li 

64-     .-.^ 
li-   14 

B6  -  98 

10  —  104 

95—  10 
101  —103 
13  —  IS4 
96  —  97 
974  -1004 


+  A 

+"4 

+  3"!! 

6  6  8 
fi  14    3 

4  9  9 
4  0  0 
4  18  6 
4    8  U 

4    0    6 

8  10    a 

4  12    4 

4  11  10 

6  4  11 
4  9  0 
4  ^3    4 

"Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  full;  paid.  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants.  t  Interim  Dividend.  t  Bb.  in  Ponded  Dividend  Cert*. 


CONTINUIP    ON    NEST    PAGE. 


616 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  7i'.    No.  1,840,  April   li,  1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OP    ELECTRICAL    COMPANIES.-(r.;«/<«)/f><f.) 

ELECTRIC   BAILTTATS   ANH  TRAJ[WA18.-H0ME. 


HAMB, 


Bath  Trmisg,  Prat,  Old 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    44%  Deb 

Brit.  Eleo.  Tr»o.,  8  %  Pref.     . . 

DOi        Do.  Deferred 

Do.        Do.  6%Cum.PT'r. 

Do.  7%Non-Cum.  Pr'I. 

Do.  6^'.  Perp.  Deb.      .. 

Do.  4)  %  2Dd  Deb. 

Central  London  Railway,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Def 

Do.    4%  Deb 

City  A  8,  London,  6  %  Pref.,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1896    .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1903    .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

DabllD  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 
Qreat  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f,  Ord 
HaBtin^B  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4*%  Deb 

Ble  of  Thanet  Trams,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Eleo.  Railw'ys,  4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 


Stock 


DlTldends 
for 


I 

100 
100 

too 

IOC 

100 

100 

too 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

10 

10 


100 
10 
100 


Cloeing 
Qnotations 
April  8th. 


74  —  79  xd 
9  —  11 

855—  Ssl 
84  —  87 
88i-  S2J  xd 

75  —  7!) 
79  —  81 
83  —  86 
78  —  80 
98  —100 

98  —101 

99  —103 
97  —100 
95  —  98 
95  —  97 
llf—  123 

22-    28 

A-  H 
ee:-  7i|  Id 

24-  2S 
75-80 
78-80 
94  —  96 

4i—  6 
61  —  65 


Rise  Present 
+  01     Yield 
Fall       P.O. 


*  B.  d. 

NU 
6    8    1 
6  14    0 


6    8  1 

6  13  11 

4  18  9 

4  14  2 

6    0  0 

4    0  0 

4  19  0 

4  18  0 

5  0  0 


2 
2 

4  18 
NU 

7    7 


UetTopoUtan  RaUwaj  Oonaol. . . 

Do.    Barplns  Lands     .. 

Do,    B*%Deb 

Do.    84%  Pref 

Do.    8i%Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  Dlstnol  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do,    4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

Do.    44  %  First  Pref 

Do.    8j%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    41%  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    H  %  Deb 

Bonth  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%Deb 

Undergroond    Eleo.    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Com.  Inc.  Deb, 

Do.    4i  %  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Torkshlre  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    41%  Deb 


100 

100 
100 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


Closing 

Rise 

Qnotatlons 

+  or 

April  8th. 

Fall 

6U-  62 

-14 

60  —  62 

86  —  t7 

+  1 

81  —  8.1 

80  —  82 

1 

39i-  39 

-u 

1.15  -i:w 

9:1  —  95 

98  —100 

85  —  87 

75-77 

r  \t 

87  -  91 

gli-  944  xd 

t^    it 

84  —  87 

— 1 

.^7^* 

44-    ii 

-i 

,*!,-     H 

1C9  —111 

97  -  99 

92  —  9:i 

-4 

8^4 

+"4 

80  —  B4 

ELECTRICAL   RAILWAYS    AND   TRAMWAYS.— COLONIAL   AND    FOREIGN. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  1st  Pret,     . . 

Do.    and  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    5  %  Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  5  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Eleo.  B.  &  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44  %  Deb 

Do.    B%  2nd  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  \ 

Power  I 

Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ord.     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B.  Colombia  Elec.  Rly.,  Def.    . . 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Do.    44  %  1st  Mort.  Deb.      . . 

Do.    44  %  VanooQver  Deb.    . . 

Do.    4iJfeCon,  Deb 

Calcutta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

City  BnenoB  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Colombo  Eleo.  Tr.  A  Lt.,e%Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Ealgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  ,. 

Do.    6%  A  Deb 

Do.    6%BDeb 


6 

e 

it 

l\ 

100 

4 

4 

100 

44 

44 

100 

6 

6 

100 

n 

6 

10 

6 

6 

100 

«4 

44 

100 

6 

6 

$100 

6t 

6 

S 

Rt 

6 

6 

E 

100 

*>l 

44 

100 

8 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

40 
100 

4 
4 

* 
4 

100 

4 

4 

C 

7 

5+ 

6 

S 

E 

100 

I 

SI 

44 

6 

B 

6i 

100 

6 

E 

100 

6 

fi 

tiooo 

E 

E 

1 

NU 

100 

E 

E 

100 

6 

8 

4ft-  m 

894—  914 
88'— 100 

98  —100 
101  -103 

lOJ—  114 
96  -  98' 

99  — ini 
99  —101 

7J-  78 
41-  5i 
100  —103 
133  —138 
112  -117 
iC3  —106 
100  —103 
100  —102 
9.1  -  97 
51—  6i 
4tS-6A 
974—1004 

6A-    5,i 

96  —  99 
93-97 

97  —101 

8^88* 
26-35 


6    8    7 

6  14    8 

4    7    5 

4  10    0 

6    0    0 

4  17    1 

-i 

5    4    4 

4  11  10 

+  2 

4  19    0 

—1 

.. 

5    5    0 

4  15    8 

4    7    6 

42 

6>16    0 

6    3    7 

4  14    4 

4    7    6 

4    8    B 

+  4 

4    7    8 

6  12    0 

4  17    7 

4    9    7 

-4 

4  10    0 

6    1    0 

5    8    1 

,, 

4  19    0 

NU 

E  13    8 

La  Plata  Eleo.  Trms,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  .. 
Manaos  Tr&ms  &  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.  and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Qcn.  Con.  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys.  &  Lt.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W. A.)  Eleo.  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%Ut.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Snp.,Pref. .. 

Do.    44%l8tDeb 

Rio de  Janeiro  Trams,  IstMort, ) 
6  %  Bonds  / 

Do.    6  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Paolo  Tram,   LI.  and  P. ) 
6  %  Isl  Deb.  / 
Bingapore  Trame,  6  %  Deb. 
Bouthern  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  6  %  Deb. 
Un.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  ., 

Do,     6%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  1st  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo,  Rly..  44  %  Deb. 


1 

1 

NU 
A 

..1 

1 

6 

6t 

1 

B 

6 

100 

5 

E 

100 

6 

E 

100 

6 

E 

tiooo 

5 

E 

«100 

7 

7t 

E 

E 

100 

6 

6 

6 

10 

10 

6 

6 

8 

100 

6 

fi 

1 

5 

64 

100 

E 

E 

6 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

E 

E 

100 

6 

E 

<500 

6 

E 

100 

6 

E 

100 

6 

E 

E 

7 

fil 

S 

6 

6 

100 

6 

E 

100 

44 

44 

li-   li 

1-  li 

92  —  97 
102  —104 

87  —  90 

98  —100 
1094-1114 

9a"—  95 

98  —101 
7-74 
42—    5i 

99  -101 

lA-  Hi 
105  —108 

97  —  99 
101  —102 

94J-  955 

101  —103 

834-  874  xd 
954-  974 
5—54 
4J-    5| 

98  —101 
984  -1014 


-14 
+  3 
+  4 


+U 


MANUFACTURING   COMPANIES. 


AroD,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Babooek  &  WUooz 

Do.    Pref. 
British  Alnminiom,  Ord. 

Do,    6  %  Cam.  Pref.  . . 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs. 

Do.    Deb.  8tk 

B.I.  A  Belsby  Cables      .. 

Oo.    Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

British  ThomBon-HonBton.Deb. 
British  Westinghoose,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien    . . 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord.  .. 

Do.    Pref. 
Brash,  7%  Pref 

Do.    B  %  Prior  Lien  Deb. 

Do.    44%  Deb    .. 

Do.    44%  Second. Deb, 
CaUender's  Cable    . 

Do.    Pref. 

Do.    Ceb 

Castner-KellDer    ..        .. 

Do.    Deb 


A 

1 

R 

6    1 

38 

W 

R 

A 

NU 

Nil 

100 

E 

E 

100 

E 

6 

6 

10 

10 

5 

A 

A 

100 

*i 

4« 

100 

^. 

^ 

8 

ma 

NU 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

6 

1 

I 

9 

NU 

Nil 

100 

6 

6 

100 
100 

n 

a 

E 

le 

m 

E 

E 

E 

100 

44 

41 

1 

90 

311 

100 

41 

41 

4-     3 

8    0    0 

§a-  Si 

7    2    2 

8,'-    apn 

4    6    5 

li-  li 

4    0    0 

1=  1! 

95  -  86* 

+  1 

6  '4    9    ! 

84  —  87  xd 

5  14  11     1 

63-    4 

5  16  11     1 

4  16    0 

102  —104      ■ 

4    6    7 

or,  —  98 

4  11  10 

4-     .' 

+  l'n 

NU 

69  -  £2 

+  1 

A    9     1 

98  -101  xd 

5  18  10 

21- -9). 

NU        ' 

iie-ti- 

NU        1 

0-      i 

NU        1 

73  —  78 

A    8    3 

88  —  48 

10    9    4 

25  —  29 

16  13    4 

11  —  UJ 
4«-    6i 

6    7    8 

4  17    7 

98  — ICl 

+  1 

4    9    1 

igi*Iio?»« 

5    5     8 

4     4  11 

Crompton  &  Oo 

Do.    Deb 

Dick,  Kerr 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Edison  &  Swan,  A,  £t  paid 

Do.    folly  paid  . . 

Do.    4  %  Dab 

Do,    6  %  Second  Deb. 
Electric  Constraction     .. 

Do.    Pref 

Greenwood  &  Batley,  Pref, 

Do.     Dob... 
General  Electric,  i;%  Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

India-Rubber,  Q.  &  T.     .. 

Do.     Pref 

Telegraph  Conslrootion.. 

Do.    Deb 

WiUans  A  Robinson 

Do,     Pref 

Do.    Deb 


100 
1 
1 

100 
E 


100 
E 


13 

too 


"4 


h-     1 

65  -  E7 

84-    sfxd 

95-96 

4-     i 

li-  IJ 

61-66 

70  —  73  xd 

lA-    lA 

li-    3 

7j-    8 

93  —  94 

10  —  103 

88  —  98  xd 

124-  IS* 

-  4 

44-    64 

101  —108 

10  -  11 

9  —  10 

84  —  86 

964 —  984 

tz  t 

E7-  69 

Dnleae  otbeiwise  stated,  all  share   are  fnUy  paid.       t  InteritD  dlTidand.       1  Diridend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Electiio  Railways. 


Banl<  rate  o*  Discount  5  per  cent,,  October  17th,  1912. 


Vol.72.    No.  l,Kir.,  April  11,  10i;i.] 


Till':    KLKCTltlCAIi    ItKV  li:\V. 


(.17 


PR0CEEDIN08    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Rooeiit  Devolopmonts  in  the  Street  Lit'htinKr  of  IHanclioHter. 

By  S.  L.  rBABOi;,  M.I.E.E.,  and  II.  A.  UATCi.irK,  M.I.E.K. 

{.[bstraet   of  paper  irnd   hi-l'on:   tin-  In.stitution  ok  Kleotuioal 

,  EnOINEERS  at  Maiirhi'xirr,   Frhniiiry  'Wli,  and  /.iiiif/uii, 

Jiirmirxjhaiii  and  (ilangmv,') 


{Conclnd^d  from  pai/e  TiH'A.) 

Expcrimtints  were  alHO  made  in  equipping  the  lainpH  with 
enamelled  iron  retleotorw  of  various  shapes,  but  it  can  hardly  be 
said  that  the  results  were  very  successful,  at  any  rate  from  the 
point  of  view  of  the  distribution  of  the  ligrht.  Retlectors  were 
really  tried  in  order  to  remove  the  shadows  under  the  lamps  cast 
by  the  ash-trays  ;  but  for  this  purpose  they  were  only  partially 
successful,  and  the  rcsultinfj  distortion  of  the  polar  curve  was  very 
unsatisfactory.  ( )ne  ol'jection  to  the  use  of  reflectors  is  the  dark 
shadows  cast  above  an  angle  of  about  80°  to  the  vertical,  as  a  result 
of  which  the  blackness  of  the  building^s  and  the  darkness  above  the 
lamps  are  very  much  intensified.  This  is  particularly  noticeable  in 
foRpy  weather.  There  is  no  doubt  that  it  is  a  distinct  advantaj^e 
to  illuminate  as  large  an  area  of  buildings  as  possible,  provided 
always  that  it  can  be  done  without  a  reduction  of  the  light  flux  in 
a  more  useful  direction.  If  the  elimination  of  shadows  can  there- 
fore be  effected  by  more  legitimate  means,  there  is  no  advantage  to 
be  gained  by  the  use  of  reflectors.  It  is  very  evident,  from  the 
results,  that  the  most  satisfactory  curves  of  light  distribution  are 
obtained  citlier  with  suitably  frosted  outer  globes  or  with  dioptric 
inner  globes  used  in  conjunction  with  partially  opalescent  outer 
globes.  There  is  very  little  to  choose  between  the  two  methods  on 
the  score  of  light  distribution.  The  dioptric  globes  undoubtedly 
have  a  slight  advantage  in  this  respect,  but  when  it  comes  to  the 
consideration  of  general  advantages  and  disadvantages,  there  is 
much  to  be  said  in  favour  of  the  partially-frosted  outer  globes. 

The  advantages  are  : — 

(«)  Comparatively  inexpensive  to  produce. 

(A)  The  degree  of  frosting  may  be  easily  varied  or  graded  as 
required. 

((•)  They  have  no  optical  centre,  and  consequently  slight  relative 
displacement  of  globe  and  arc  is  of  no  serious  consequence.  (This 
must  not  be  confused  with  relative  displacement  of  arc  and 
economiser.) 

(rf)  Intrinsic  brilliancy  of  the  light  source  is  considerably  reduced 
with  a  corresponding  reduction  of  the  glare  effect,  provided  that 
the  lamps  are  fixed  sufficiently  high. 

(«)  Shadows  under  the  lamps  are  entirely  eliminated,  and  the 
sharpness  of  the  shadows  cast  by  objects  is  toned  down  very 
considerably. 

Compared  with  these  advantages  dioptric  globes  have  the  follow- 
ing disadvantages  : — 

(0  They  are  rather  expensive. 

(jr)  They  have  a  very  definite  optical  centre,  and  slight  alteration 
in  the  relative  position  of  arc  and  globe  produces  large  changes  in 
the  light  distribution. 

(/()  A  completely  uniform  distribution  of  light  does  not  appear 
to  be  obtainable  without  the  use  of  special  outer  globes. 

The  numerous  tests  referred  to  in  this  paper  have  at  least 
vindicated  the  lighting  of  city  streets  by  means  of  flame  arc  lamps, 
not  only  on  the  dual  basis  of  equal  cost  and  illumination,  but  also 
on  the  ground  of  light  distribution. 

As  there  is  a  substantial  difference  between  the  cost  of  the  Hame 
arcs  and  the  high-pressure  gas  lamps  for  the  same  minimum 
illumination,  it  would  be  possible  to  improve  the  arc  lighting,  if 
considered  desirable,  by  reducing  the  distances  between  lamps  in  the 
case  of  future  extensions.  If  fixed  at  the  present  height,  and 
100  ft.  apart,  the  minimum  illumination  would  be  not  less  than 
075  foot-candle.  Xo  attempt  has  been  made  to  obtain  perfectly 
uniform  illumination,  since  it  is  very  doubtful  whether  such  a 
scheme  would  be  desirable,  even  if  possible.  A  variation  factor  of 
3"75  is  not  excessive,  if  the  change  is  fairly  gradual ;  ajid  in  this 
respect  the  partially  frosted  globes  give  results  quite  as  favourable 
as  the  dioptric  ones. 

APPEXDIX  A. — Manchester  Corporation  Electricity 
^  Department. 

Statementof. Cost  of  Supplies  during  the  Year  ended  Marcli  31.sV,  1912. 

Generation  costs,  distribution  costs,  Running  ^'"°°'Fixed 

rents,  rates,  and  taxes,  manage-       Total.  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^ 

ment  expenses,  interest  charges, 

depreciation     account,    reserve 

Junds,  rate  aid £417,498       £87,431     £300,067 

Deduct :  Cost  of  traction  supplies 

taken   in  accordance  with   the 

Model  Form  drawn  up  by  the 

I.M.E.A.  and  M.T.A 109,389  2n,078  84,311 

£838,109         £62,353     £275;756 

(«)  Running  costs :  £(52,353  -r-  number  of  units  sold  (other 
than  traction),  tU, 466,224=   0'232d.  per  unit. 

(*)  Fixed  costs  .   £275,756,  divided  on  following  assumptions  : — 
(i)  That   the   costs  are  due  to  the  maximum  demands  of  con- 
sumers. 


(ii)  That  thcHO  (known  only  in  total  of  :iI,47''j  KW.  from  itation 
recordH)  are  eHtimato<l  to  be  made  up  thuM  :  — 
70    per  cent,   of    lighting    connectionn, 

24,0:)l  KW J«,M21  KW.      «M7,371 

The  balance  as  pownr       U,6fi4  KW,        IZH.SSr. 


31,175  KW.      «27S,75« 

((')  Lighting    "fixed    coHtH"    Hpr{»<l   over   total   kilowktta  con- 
nected :  — 

£147,371  -:    21,031  KW.  =  £6133  p«!r  KW.  oonnc<;te<l. 

Al'PENDLX    B. — Statement   SHowisd    Ooht   of  Curbknt  pek 
Unit. 

Cost  of  current  =  £(i'133  per  KW.  connected,  plos  0'232d.  per  unit 

metered. 
Qi)  The  all-night  lamps  run  on  a  45  per  oent.  load-factor,  or 

4,015  actual  burning  hours  per  annum.     Cost  of  current 

per  unit  --  0"6d. 
(//)  The  11   o'clock  lamps  run   on   a  23  percent,  load-fuctor,  or 

2,017  actual  burning  hours  per  annum.     Cost  of  current 

per  unit  =  0"97d. 

APPEN'DIX  C— Statement  SHOWiNf;  Cost  per  Anni;m  ok 
Li(;htin(:  Portland  Street. 

Lamp  watts  —  550. 

Carbon  costs  —  0'2d.  per  lamp  per  hour. 

Trimming  and  maintenance  charges  ^  0'0.5d.  per  lamp  per  hour. 
Current   consumption    per   annum  (all-night  lamps    =    4,000    X 
55/100  =  2,200  units  -I-  11  o'clock  lamps  =  2,000  /  55/100 
=  1,100  units)  =  3,300  units. 

Cost  per 
Inmp  per 
aonain. 
...      £5   10     0 
3     6     8 
0  16     8 


AU-Aii/lit  Lamps. 

Current,  2,200  x  O'Gd 

Carbons,  4,000  x  0-2d 

Trimming  and  maintenance,  4,000  x  O'Ood. 


£'.)  13  4 
11  (I'cloeh  Lamps. 

Current,  1,100  X  0-974d.            £4  9  0 

Carbons,  2,000  X  0-2d 1  13  4 

Trimming  and  maintenance,  2,000  x  0'05d 0  8  4 


Summary. 
Cost  of  8  "all-night"  lamps 
„       8  "  11  o'clock"  lamps 


Capital  expenditure  on  installation,  £564. 

Capital  charges  per  annum  (8 -J  per  cent,  on  £564) 
Annual  acknowledgments  for  building  attachments 

and  use  of  tramway  poles 

Annual  cost  of  painting  poles  

Total     £182     2     6 

Averaged  over  16  lamps,  the  cost  per  lamp  per  annum  equals 

£11  7s.  8d. 

Capital  spent  on  installation  of  the  16  arc  liim2)s  in  Portland  Street. 

Wages  of  men           £88  18  5 

Material,  viz. — 

Arc  lamps,  poles,  wire,  carbons,  hangers,  ttc.            ...  342     0  4 

Meters           v 4  17  6 

Paid  to  Tramways  Committee  rbr  erecting  side  poles, 

wall  rosettes,  and  span  wires            128    6  7 


£6 

10 

8 

£77 
52 

6 
5 

8 
4 

£129 

12 

0 

48 

0 

0 

1 
3 

4 
6 

0 
6 

£564     2   10 


or,  say,  £564. 


APPEXDIX  D. — Statement  Prepared    by  Mr.  Abadt,  Show- 
ing THE  Cost  per  Gas  Lamp  (U  o'clock)  per  annum. 

12-69d.  per  1,000  cb.  ft. 

r2d. 

13-89d. 

Is.  IJd.  each. 


Cost  of  gas,  uncompressed 
Cost  of  compression 
Cost  of  gas.  compressed    . 
Mantles 


Wages  Proportionate  part  of  time  of  one  man  (whole  time  at 
28s.,  and  one  man  for  six  hours  a  week  at  25s.)  :  £1  78.  2d. 

Each  lamp  consumes  80  cb.  ft.  of  gas  per  hour  for  2,000  hours 
per  annum. 

One  mantle  lasts  about  400  hours,  therefore  each  three-burner 
lamp  takes  15  mantles  per  annum. 

Lamps  attended  to  and  maintained  at  a  wages  cost  stated  above. 

Cost  per  lamp 
per  annum. 

80  cb.  ft.  by  2,000  hours  =  160,000  cb.  ft.  at  13-89d. 

per  1,000 _        

Lighting,  extinguishing,  cleaning  and  maintenance    ... 
15  mantles  at  Is.  15 d.  each 

£11 

Equivalent  to  r37d.  per  hour  lighted. 

Xothing  is  included  in  the  above  for  interest  and  depreciation  on 
capftal  spent  on  installation,  or  for  globes. 


618 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  l.Slfi,  April  U,  1913. 


Capital  fpent  nn   IitxtaUatioH  of  tlu:  Four   (ias  Lampt  in 
Prinrext  Street, 


Wagee         

Lamps         ...         

Poles  

SoBp>ension  erear  and  rosettes 

Barrel  and  flttine^ 

Tramway  account  for  work  done 


£13  6    6 

49  17     6 

33  0     0 

26  16  10 

2  1     2 

70  9     4 


£194  11     4 


Nothing  is  included  in  the  above  for  high-preeaure  mains  or  com- 
pressor plant. 


Dl.SCUSSIOS    AT    BiBMINGHAM. 

Mn.  R.  A.  Chattock  said  the  comparative  figures  of  the  cost 
of  electric  arc  lighting  and  of  hifrh-preseure  gas  lighting  were  very 
valuable,  especially  as  they  were  obtained  by  experts  appointed  by 
the  Manchester  Corporation  to  report  on  both  classes  of  lighting. 
They  demonstrated  that  high-pressure  gas  lighting  was  con- 
siderably more  costly  than  electric  arc  lighting.  The  cost  of  the 
high-pressure  gas  lighting  amounted  to  £11  9s.  21d.  per  lamp  per 
annum  without  including  anything  for  interest  and  depreciation 
on  capital  spent  on  the  installation,  and  without  globe  renewals, 
while  the  cost  of  the  electric  arc  lighting  amount«d  to  £  1 1  7b.  8d. 
per  lamp  per  annum,  including  all  capital  and  other  charges.  In 
Birmingham  practically  the  whole  of  the  street  lighting  was 
carried  out  by  low-pressure  incandescent  gas  mantles,  and  this  was 
now  under  the  control  of  a  special  Lighting  Committee.  In 
the  Handsworth  and  Aston  areas,  which  were  recently 
incorporated  in  Greater  Birmingham,  there  was  a  small  amount 
of  electric  arc  lighting,  which  bad  recently  been  considerably 
cheapened  in  cost.  Taking  the  Handsworth  district  as  an  example, 
there  were  originally  Il'O  open-type  11 -ampere  arc  lamps  which 
required  recarboning  every  1  s  hours.  These  were  replaced  by  50 
magazine  flame-arc  lampj  taking  S  amperes  each,  and  requiring 
retrimming  every  70  hours,  and  70  twin-carbon  flame-arc  lamps 
taking  7  amperes  each,  and  requiring  retrimming  every  .")0  hours. 
In  the  table  below  are  given  particulars  of  the  consumption  of 
energy,  cost  of  energy,  carbons  and  trimming,  and  illumination  in 
candle- feet,  the  lamps  being  spaced  approximately  400  ft.  apart. 
The  8-ampere  magazine  flame-arc  lamps  showed  a  saving  of  2.5  per 
cent,  in  running  costs,  and  gave  approximately  four  times  the  light 
given  by  the  old  open-type  lamps,  each  lamp  costing  £.5  2s.  per 
annum  for  energy,  at  Id.  per  unit,  carbons  and  trimming,  from  dusk 


which  they  had  had  on  trial  at  Handsworth,  he  liad 
been  able  to  obtain  a  balance  almost,  if  not  quite,  as 
readily  as  with  gas  lamps.  Lamps  with  direct  electrically- 
driven  feeds  gave  the  steadiest  burning.  By  this  he  meant  lamps  in 
which  the  feeding  was  effected  by  an  auxiliary  shunt  coil,  which 
came  into  action  when  the  volts  across  the  arc  were  above  the 
normal,  so  regulating  the  feed  that  the  drop  across  the  arc  was 
not  more  than  1  volt,  and  thus  maintaining  steady  burning. 
With  a  feed  which  depended  upon  the  slip  of  a  chain  or  band  brake, 
or  piece  of  metal  on  a  wheel  controlled  by  a  lever  operated  by  a 
main  and  shunt  coil,  one  could  not  depend  upon  a  1-volt  feed. 
Generally,  the  variation  was  2  or  3  volts  or  more,  and  this  affected 
other  lamps  in  series,  especially  if  these  were  themselves  on  the 
point  of  feeding.  His  experience  with  flame-arc  lamps  was  that 
they  re<iuired  cleaning,  and  the  deposit  from  the  carbons  brushing 
out.  after  60  to  70  hours'  burning  at  least ;  and  if  the  lamp  had  to 
be  lowered  for  this  purpose,  it  might  just  as  well  be  carboned  at 
the  same  time.  Another  important  point  with  regard  to  the  choice 
of  magazine  lamps  for  street  lighting  was  that  there  should  be  no 
extinction  of  light  when  a  new  pair  of  carbons  came  into 
operation. 

Mr.  M.  Solomon  said  that  although  the  data  contained  in  the 
figures  were  very  valuable,  their  value  was  diminished  by  the  fact 
that  some  of  the  figures  were  not  referred  to  at  all  in  the  text,  and 
the  shading  was  different  in  the  two  sets  of  eontour  figures,  so  that 
the  actual  impression  created  was  a  wrong  one.  The  comparative 
table  showed  the  arc  lamps  to  be,  roughly  speaking,  twice  as  good 
as  the  gas  lamps,  but  it  was  admitted  that  the  gas-lamp  figures 
were  not  really  representative  of  the  best  that  could  be  done  with 
high-pressure  gas  lighting.  He  did  not  think  that  it  was  of  any 
benefit  to  create  the  impression  that  arc  lighting  had  a  walk-over 
as  against  high-pressure  gas,  when,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  it  was  a  very 
close  race  between  the  two  rival  illuminants.  Improvement  in  the 
distribution  curves  (apart  from  that  due  to  the  graded  frosting) 
was  attributed  to  the  alteration  of  the  spinnings  and  of  the  shape 
of  the  outer  globe  :  the  shape  of  the  inner  globe  was  also  altered, 
and  a  very  considerable  amount  of  the  improvement  in  the  20* 
rays  was  due  to  this  alteration,  as  the  new  inner  globe  was 
designed  eo  that  the  light  reflected  from  its  inner  surface  should  be 
reflected  at  an  angle  of  20°  with  the  horizontal.  He  had  been 
struck  by  the  very  close  correspondence  between  the  light  distri- 
bution curve  obtained  by  the  authors  and  his  own  curve,  obtained 
under  laboratory  conditions,  while  theirs  was  made  under  practical 
working  conditions  in  the  street ;  this  not  only  confirmed  the 
accuracy  of  both  sets  of  readings,  but  also  showed  that  flame  lamps 
and  carbons  were  now  so  standardised  that  the  results  obtained 
might  be  relied  on  with  considerable  certainty. 

Mn.  A.  M.  Taylor  thought  the  most  important  thing  in  the 


Handswobth  Stbeet  Liqbtikg. 


Consnmption 
ia  units 

Cost  of 
energy  at 

Cost 
of 

Cost 
of 

Total 
cost. 

Illnininatioii  in  candle-feet, 
measured  on  road  suiface. 

per  annum. 

Id.  per  unit. 

carbons 

labour. 

Max. 

Min. 

Average. 

Main  Road — 

1 

Original    installation- 

-50   open-tTpe  arcs, 

11- 

44,750 

£186  10  0 

£17  10 

0 

£146     0  0 

£350     0  0 

051 

002 

.•14 

ampere.  18  hours. 

Present  installation — 

50   magazine  flame 

arcs, 

33,000 

£137  15  0 

£50     0 

0 

£72  15  0 

£260  10  0 

235 

005 

•66 

8-ampere,  70  hours. 

Side  Roads— 

1 

Original    installation- 

—70  open-type  arcs 

11- 

;       65,000 

£271   10  0 

£25     0 

0 

£201     0  0 

£500  10  0 

0-51 

002 

•14 

ampere,  18  hours. 

Present  installation — 

"0  twin-carbon  flame 

arcs. 

40,000 

£166  10  0 

£79  10 

0 

£100  10  0 

£346  10  0 

ro 

004 

•327 

7-ampere,  50  hours. 

to  11.15  per  p.m.  The  7-ampere  twin-carbon  flame-arc  lamps 
showed  a  saving  of  30  per  cent,  in  running  costs  over  the  1 1  -ampere 
open-type  lamps,  and  gave  over  twice  the  light,  each  lamp  costing 
£5  per  annum  for  energy,  at  Id.  per  unit,  carbons  and  trimming, 
from  dusk  up  to  11.15  p.m.  The  shadows  caused  by  the  ash-trays 
in  the  lamps  fitted  with  converging  carbons  are  not  found  in  the  case 
of  the  twin-carbon  lamps  fitttd  with  vertical  carbons. 

Mr.  E.  Chockeb  said  the  great  problem  in  connection  with 
street  lighting  appeared  to  be  to  make  the  variation  factor  as  small 
as  possible,  and  the  change  from  maximum  to  minimum  illumina- 
tion as  gradual  as  possible,  and  to  do  this  not  regardlf  .ss  of  cost. 
In  this  connection  the  design  of  the  globes  played  a  most  important 
part,  and  the  information  given  in  Mr.  Pearce's  paper  was  exceed- 
ingly valuable.  He  had  experimented  on  much  the  same  lines. 
with  very  similar  results.  He  had  not.  however,  tried  frosted 
globes,  and  it  was  with  these  that  the  authors  had  obtained  their 
best  results.  Their  variation  factor  of  375  with  frosted  globes 
was  an  enormons  improvement.  The  variationf  actor  of  thegaslight- 
ing  in  Bristol  Road  was  as  high  as  18  over  a  distance  of  only  20  ft. 
from  the  lamp  post.  He  agreed  with  the  autJiors'  remarks  re  the 
use  of  outeide  reflectors,  and  the  importance  of  illuminating  the 
bnildings  on  the  sides  of  the  road.  Steadiness  was  a  most  im- 
portant thing  to  be  aimed  at  in  street  lighting,  and  this  was  the 
most  striking  feature  of  high-pressure  gas  lighting,  although,  as 
the  author  remarked,  the  candle-power  varied  considerably  from 
day      to      day.       When      tetting      some      of      the      arc     lamps 


paper  was  the  table  which  comprised  a  rejumie  of  the  principal 
features  of  the  two  systems,  gas  and  electricity.  He  suggested  that 
the  variation  factor  for  the  two  systems  might  be  added,  and  an 
additional  basis  for  comparison,  which  would  be  known  as  the 
"  Maximum  variation  of  the  candle-feet  per  foot  run." 
The  gas  people  could  not  and  should  not  take  any  exception  to 
the  division  of  the  total  costs  into  "Running  Costs"  and  "Fixed 
Costs"  nor  to  the  deductions  on  account  of  the  cost  of  traction 
supplies.  Mr.  Pearce.  had.  however,  carried  the  distribution 
of  costs  further,  and  allocated  a  certain  proportion  to  lighting 
and  to  power  respectively.  He  had  worked  out  what  the  fixed 
char^re  would  be  if  the  whole  had  been  simply  divided  up  by  the 
total  number  of  kilowatts  ;  it  came  to  £8'7<i  per  KW.  connected, 
per  annum.  This  added  an  amount  of  approximately  2.5  per  cent, 
to  the  charge  for  energy  for  the  'All-night  lamps,"  and  approxi- 
mately 33  per  cent,  to  that  for  the  "  11  o'clock  lamps.  "  This  was 
obviously  an  extreme  view  to  make,  and  it  might  l>e  taken  ascertain 
that  Mr.  Pearce's  figure  of  £()133  per  kilowatt  was  substantially 
correct.  The  cost  per  mile  per  annum  (for  presumably  equal 
minimum  illumination)  was  given  as  £07.5  for  the  gas  and  £j!54  for 
the  arcs.  Gas  according  to  this  statement  was  i'65  times  as  dear  as 
the  electric  light  for  equal  illumination,  so  that  it  would  be  obvious 
that  any  trifling  divergencies  frcin  Mr.  Pearce's  figures  for  the  cost 
of  energy  which  might  be  suggested  by  the  gas  people,  could  not  to 
any  material  degree  affect  the  great  superiority  of  the  figures  for 
the  electric  supply  on  the  basis  of  cost. 


Vol.72.   Ko,i„-<h!.ApniL  11,  ion]       THE    ELECTRICAL    HETi'EW, 


n<.) 


Colliery  CiiblcM. 

Hy  W.  T.  Ani)KIW(.n,  .M.l.K.E.,  M.Inkt.M.K. 

(.Ahstnift    of    paper    reail    hefiire    thi-    INSTITUTION    01'    MiNINO 
Bnoinkkus,  at  Manehritii'r.   l>'i-hi\ianj    \\l/i,  I'.MH) 

Tliio  firNt  (|U(^Htion  that  confronts  the  mining  iniin  who  proiiOHea  to 
irmtttll  electric  liffht  or  power  below  ground  in  the  choice  of  cnblct. 
Under  normal  conditions  rubber  iw  undeniably  the  boHt  both  from 
physical  ond  from  electrical  points  of  view.  On  account  of  cost, 
its  use  is  almost  prohibitive  for  liirffo  cables.  In  Bmall  lenpths, 
however,  rubber  cable  (trtnerally  treated  with  firo-resistinp:  braids 
and  compounds)  is  nearly  always  used  for  making  off,  or  tailinir, 
cables  of  other  description.  Nothing'  but  the  very  best  material 
should  ever  be  used  below  (,'round,  say,  2,5(l()-me|^ohm  prrade  for  low- 
tension,  and  nothinp  inferior  to  that  specified  by  the  Engineering;- 
Standards  Committee  for  high-tension  work. 

There  are  also  exci'ptional  uses  to  which  rubber  cable  can  be  put 
— principally  in  connection  with  breakdown  work.  An  example 
is  given  in  the  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  I ).  The  cables 
shown  were  hurriedly  rigged  up  to  follow  down  a  sinking  pump  in 
a  Hooded  shaft.  Working  at  a  current  density  of  about  3,000 
amperes  to  the  square  inch,  they  were  slung  in  the  manner  depicted 
to  prevent  them  from  becoming  unduly  hot. 

While  paper-lead  covered  cable  has  advantages  as  regards  with- 
standing heat  from  without,  and  ready  dissipation  of  heat  from 
within,  consequent  upon  overload,  paper  has  the  disadvantage 
common  to  all  fibroas  materials  of  being  more  or  less  hygroscopic. 

For  mining  work  where  temperatures  are  often  high,  and  more 
especially  for  shaft  work,  the  physical  cjnsistenoy  of  the  impreg- 
nating compound  under  working  conditions  should  be  such  that 
it  has  no  tendency  to  flow  or  creep  away  from  the  paper. 

Although  the  results  of  injury  to  paper  cables  are  usually  serious, 
it  is  remarkable  how  much  mechanical  stress  they  will  withstand. 
The  writer  believes  that  at  Ilulton  Colliery,  not  a  single  cable  was 


Fig.  1. — RuBBEE  Cable  slung  ready  to  follow  down 
A  Sinking  Pump  in  a  Flooded  Shan't, 


brought  to  bank  after  the  recent  disaster,  and  that  all  are  now  in 
use.  The  cables  lay  und^r  falls,  the  weights  of  which  have 
probably  never  been  exceeded,  many   being  crushed  into  abnormal 


Paper  leadless  cables  are  insulated  with  paper  and  sheathed  with 
a  non-metallic  material,  which  is  almost  invariably  vulcanised 
bitumen.  They  have  certain  advantages  in  the  way  of  dissipation 
of  heat  due  to  overload,  and  also  as  regards  internal  solidity, 
because  of  the  comparative  incompressibility  of  the  paper  insula- 
tion. In  the  event  of  damage,  however,  they  have  the  same  dis- 
ndvantflfrps  as  paper-lead  covered  cables,  and  for  shaft  work  are 
unsuitable. 

Bitumen  cables  are,  in  the  writer's  opinion,  by  far  the  most 
suitable  for  average  colliery  work — certainly  for  shaft  work. 
Until  quite  recently  great  difficulty  was  experienced  in  getting  the 
bitumen  insulation  to  such  a  consistency  that  in  moderately  high 
temperatures  it  would  not  decentralise,  while  in  low  temperatures 
it  would  not  become  brittle.  As  the  result  of  research  and  of 
manufacturing  improvements,  it  is  now  possible  to  avoid  these 
troubles  over  a  range  of  temperature  which  covers  all  ordinary 
working  conditions,  say,  28°  to  120^  F.  Further,  whereas  it  was 
necessary  formerly  j^to  introduce  in  the  construction  of  the  cable 
mechanical  reinforcements,  such  as  tapes,  braids,  A:c,,  the  improve- 
ments in  physical  properties  of  the  bitumen  and  methods  of  manu- 
facture now  enable  cables  to  be  made  without  these  hygroscopic, 


and  theri'foro   electricully   undeHirable   componentn.     i'lT  ln>'  w. 
tho  "  solid  "   three-coro   bitumen   cabin,  which   in  familiar  t', 
colliery   engineerM.  is  bo  couHtructod  an  to  <:ontain  no   hyifr'-^     i'  ■ 
material  whatever  inside  itH  nhoath,  ho  that  in  effect  tb<!  conduclom 
are  embcHlded  in  u  M'llid  cylinder  of  vulcaniied  bitumen. 

A  more  recent  form  of  conntruction,  called  "f-'racore"  (^fig.  2) 
consists  in  the  laying  up  of  the  Hejjarately  inHulatcd  cor««  on  a 
central  cradle  of  vulcaniKed  bitumen,  nhaped  Ui  re<;«ive  them. 
The    whole   is   then    sheathi^l   overall   with   a  tube  of  viilciniwid 


Fig.  2.—'  Cracore 


form  of  Coxstruction  in  a  Bitumen 
Cable. 


bitumen,  which  is  cylindrical  on  the  exterior,  but  shap'"d  intern- 
ally so  as  to  fit  the  interstices  of  the  laid-up  cores.  This  construc- 
tion, by  distributing  the  mechanical  pressure  between  the  cores 
over  a  large  area,  enables  even  twin  bitumen  cables  to  be  mada 
without  the  inclusion  of  hygroscopic  sub-itances  anywhere  within 
the  boundary  of  the  vulcanised-bitumen  sheath. 

In  these  types  of  cable  the  conJuctors  should  always  have  the 
strand  interstices  filled  with  compound,  in  order  to  prevent  water 
entering  at  a  damaged  part  of  the  cable  from  passing  to  another 
part,  where  it  might  settle  and  cause  trouble.  It  is.  of  course,  very 
desirable  that  the  compound  should  be  of  such  a  character  that  it 
will  not  melt,  or  become  displaced  under  the  influence  of  heating 
effects  set  up  by  excessive  currents  in  the  conductors.  In  cable 
mmufactured  on  these  lines,  the  important  advantage  is  secured 
that  any  mechanical  damage  which  may  happen  to  it  is  quite  local 
in  its  effects,  and  in  many  cases  it  may  be  repaired  hi  situ,  and  he 
little  the  worse  for  its  misadventure.  An— instance  recently  came 
under  the  writer's  notice  where  failure  to  take  this  simple  pre- 
caution of  strand-filling  resulted  in  water  travelling  down  a 
bitumen  cable  throughout  its  entire  length.  Unlike  paper,  how- 
ever, it  was  possible  to  keep  the  cable  in  use,  it  being  little  the 
worse,  so  far  as  its  dielectric  was  concerned,  for  the  mishap.  Bitu- 
men cables  should  not  be  installed  immediately  after  direct  ex- 
posure to  frost  or  very  keen  winds. 

In  all  of  the  above-mentioned  types,  if  used  for  pressures 
exceeding  "  low  pressure,"  it  is  now  necessary  that  the  conductivity 
of  the  metallic  coverings  must  be  at  least  equal  to  50  per  cent,  of 
that  of  the  largest  conductor  which  they  enclose,  and  in  no  case  of 
less  cross-sectional  area  than  that  equivalent  to  0  022  sq.  in.  of 
copper.  This  last-named  point  would  appear  to  apply  to  even  the 
smallest  size  of  trailing  cables. 

Fig.  8,  for  which  the  writer  is  indebted  to  Mr.  C.  J.  Beaver, 
shows  the  approximate  relation  between  the  conductivity  of  the 
"  largest  conductor  "  and  metallic  sheaths  (made  according  to  the 
Engineering  Standards  Committee's  tables)  in  several  types  of  cable. 
From  this  it  will  be  seen  how  very  slightly  it  has  l)een  necessary 
for  manufacturers  to  reinforce  the  sheathings  of  any  but  large- 
sized  cables  under  the  new  rules.  As  in  most  great  reforms,  how- 
ever, the  new  rules  are  likely  to  lead  to  some  remarkable  situations — 
none  more  so  than  in  this  very  question  of  armour  conductivity. 

Taking  a  high-tension  system,  with  transformers  at  the  shaft- 
bottom,  the  high-tension  shaft  feeder  taking,  say.  a  tenth  of  the 
current  of  the  low-tension  roadway  cable  or  cables,  what  must 
the  section  of  the  high-tension  armouring  be  .'  Logically  five  times 
the  conductivity  of  the  high-tension  conductors,  if  there  be  only 
one  low-tension  distributor,  or  half  the  conductivity  of  the  largest 
low-tension  cable  if  there  be  more  than  one  distributor.  It  appears 
that  the  spirit  of  the  rules  could  only  be  met  in  this  case  by  running 
separate  and  additional  conductors  at  earth  potential  down  the 
shaft,  in  parallel  with  the  sheathing  of  the  high-tension  feeder. 


620 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.72.  No.  i.sie,  apbil  11.  1913. 


The  importance  of  efficiently  protecting  the  armouringr  from  cor- 
rosion can  hardly  be  exaggerated.  Both  inner  and  outer  servings 
of  jute,  as  well  as  the  steel-wire  armour,  should  be  heavily  and 
separately  compounded  with  water-resisting  mediums.  Where  par- 
ticularly bad  water  is  suspected,  or  known  to  exist,  samples  should 
be  submitted  to  the  manufacturer,  so  that  he  may  design  his  pro- 
tective arrangements  in  accordance  with  the  result  of  analysis. 


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Fifj.  3. — Diagram  siiowino  the  Relationship  hetweex  the 
Conductivity  ok  Standard  Wire  Armour  and  that  of 
THE  Cable  Conductor.s  in  Bitumen  Three-Core  Low- 
Tension  Cables. 

A  factor  which  is  often  overlooked  as  a  cause  of  corrosion  is 
leakage  current ;  mines  are  nearly  always  wet  enough  and  the  water 
impure  enough  to  provide  a  sufficiently  good  electrolyte  for  leakage 
currents  to  effect  an  almost  unlimited  amount  of  damage.  This 
being  so,  the  obvious  course  is  to  provide  their  paths  (generally 
the  cable  sheathings)  with  such  sound  mechanical  and  electrical 
connection.?  to  earth  that  corrosion  cannot  take  place. 

The  chief  essentials  in  the  construction  of  trailing  cables  are 
those  relating  to  flexibility  and  resistance  to  external  abrasion  and 
ill-nsage.  The  former  is  attained  chietiy  by  making  the  conductors 
of  a  large  number  of  fine  wires,  and  the  latter  by  special  cover- 
ings, usually  of  a  non-metallic  character,  such  as  rope-lappings, 
leather  or  whipcord  braidings,  rubber  sheathings  left  bare,  \c. 
Metallic  armourings  are  now  considered  undesirable  for  portable 
flexible  cables  (see  memorandum  on  Rule  13,  Sec.  a). 


tA:.i.i.  .-I  i'lHjRTEu  i;y  Slings  from  a  Catenary 
Wire. 


The  latest  construction  consists  of  rubber-insulated  conductors 
laid  up  with  an  earth-conductor  having  a  conductivity  of  not  less 
than  50  per  cent,  of  that  of  the  largest  main  conductor,  with  a 
minimum  conductivity  equivalent  to  0022  eq.  in.  of  copper. 
These  cores  are  usually  sheathed  after  laying  up  with  a  vulcanised- 
bitumen  or  rubber  sheath.  While  it  possesses  the  obvious  advan- 
tage of  excluding  moisture  from  the  cores,  the  mechanical  support 
afforded  by  the  sheath  also  tends  to  prevent  kinking  of  the  cable. 
The  various  forms  of  mechanical  protection  mentioned  above  are 
then  applied  as  desired. 

The  space  between  the  generating  station  and  the  headgear  is, 
perhaps,  the  most  prolific  field  of  any  for  cable  breakdowns,  and 
too  much  attention  cannot  be  given  to  the  handling  of  cable  in 
this  area. 

A  large  colliery  was  completely  stopped  through  two  three-phase 
bitumen  shaft-cables  breaking  down  simultaneously  at  bank,  owing 
to  a  1-in.  steam  pipe  being  laid  across  them. 

The  best  means  of  grappling  with  this  difficulty  are  either  to 
build  a  well-ventilated  surface  culvert  (open  or  covered  with 
chequer-plate),  in  which  the  cables  can  be  carried  on  brackets,  or  to 
sling  them  overhead  from  a  catenary  wire  (fig.  4).  Old  haulage- 
ropes  can  generally  be  used  for  this  purpose,  made  taut  with  capels 
Mid  tightening  fcrewi.    A  good  type  of  sling  much  used  by  the 


writer  for  this  purpose  is  made  on  the  wedge  principle,  with  a 
former  of  sheet  lead,  braided  with  compounded  yam.  The  combina- 
tion of  lead  and  braid  offers  pi-olonged  resistance  to  fames  or 
atmospheric  influence,  while  the  exceptional  width  provided  at  the 


Fi(i.  5. — Sitting  Type  of  Wooden  Cleat  fob  Shaft  Sus- 
pension,  RESTING  ON  E.XISTING  BUNTONS. 


bearing  point  protects  the  dielectric  from  risk  of  damage.  The 
hooks  slide  very  readily  along  the  span  wire,  while  the  slings 
cannot  slip  along  the  cable. 

If  the  shaft  is  some  distance  from  the  power  house,  the  use  of 
paper  lead-covered  cable  laid  solid  is  worth  considering.  In 
such  a  case,  a  disconnecting  box  should  be  inserted  at  the  pit  top. 
For  greater  distances,  especially  on  extra-high-tension  lines,  bare 
overhead  conductors  are  frequently  used. 

For  the  permanent  installation  of  vertical  cables,  the  most  desir- 
able arrangement  is  a  cleat  of  the  sitting  type  resting  on  the  inner 
or  wall  sides  either  of  existing  buntons  (fig.  !>),  or  on  segmental 
H-gjrders  erected  for  the  purpose  (fig.  6).    The  cleat  should  be  of 


Fig.  fi. — Sitting  Type  of  Wooden 

Cleat  for  Shaft  Suspension, 

resting  on  h-glrders. 


Fig.  7.— Fitting  fob 

"  Single-Suspension  " 

Method  in  Shafts. 


some  hard  wood,  creosoted.  An  average  cleat  should  not  be  less 
than  2  J  to  3  ft.  in  length,  and  should  be  provided  with  at  least 
three  sets  of  3 -in.  bolts  and  iron  straps  I  in.  thick,  back  and  front. 
The  bores  that  take  the  cable  should  be  cut  to  the  exact  diameter  of 
such  cable.  The  J  or  t'g  in.  taken  out  by  the  saw  when  cutting  theiii 
into  halves  will  allow  ample  margin  ifor  tightening.  The  grip 
depends  on  friction,  and  direct  pressure  is  only  a  component  thereof. 
All  wooden  cleats  should  be  fitted  with  wrought-iron  roofs,  so  as 
to  throw  off  water  and  falling  bodies.  The  distance  between  the 
cleats  will  depend  on  the  weight  of  the  cable.    Suoh  a  one  St 


Vol.72.  No.  1.810.  apuimi.  i9i:t.i        THE    ELF.(rrKICA L    RKVIEW. 


021 


inontionod  above  Bhould  not  bn  loudod  with  inoro  than  7  to  H  cwt.. 
which,  in   an  avera);e  cable,  would   allow   of  Hpacinj^H  of  about 

2.")  yurdH. 

Many  colliery  ontrineorB  iuBiHt  on  havini;  an  abHolutnly  clear 
shaft,  and  in  nhallow  pitM  it  iH  poHsiblc  to  inHtall  th(^  i;ubli'M  with  a 
Bin(;lo  suHpeniler,  built  on  the  cupel  or  wed(;c  i)rincii)li",  with  the 
outorinoHt  armour  of  the  cable  tnkini;  the  wi'i(;ht.  ThiH  certainly 
\iM  the  advunla(fo  of  ofrerinu  no  obtttaclo  to  break  the  fall  of 
droppinpr  material,  but  the  use  of  HUidi  a  fitting  (except  perhapH  for 
Bhort  lentrthB  of  paper-lead  covered  cable)  is  to  be  deprecated,  an 
the  Mtrenses  BCt  up  in  the  cable  have  HometimeH  led  to  breakdown 
i in in'Mlialely  under  the  Buapender,  where,  of  course,  the  HtreHBCH  are 
most  C(mcentrated. 

In  the  suspender  illustrated  in  Bg.  7,  it  will  be  naticcd  that  the 
cable  forms  an  easy  fit  throu(::h  the  bore  of  the  cone,  over  the 
outer  sides  of  which  one  layer  of  armour  is  bent,  and  gripped 
between  the  cone  and  the  seatinji;  as  the  wei(rht  comes  on.  The 
top  of  the  fittinp:  is  hollowed  so  as  to  allow  of  bitumen  beint; 
poured  in  to  prevent  corrosion  of  the  wires.  In  this  suspender 
three-quarters  of  the  breaking:  streps  of  the  armour  may  be 
reckoned  on,  so  that  if  the  armour  be  desijxned  with  a  breakinp 
stress  of  eight  to  ten  times  the  wei(;ht  of  the  cable,  the  safety 
factor  of  the  installed  cable  is  from  (>  to  T'>. 
i'Jb  be  conrlvded.) 


THE    FIRST    INTERNATIONAL     CINEMATO- 
GRAPH   EXHIBITION. 


(Continved  from  paqe  htA.) 

Miilor-npneratiirs.  Conrertem,  \c. — These  machines  are  of  the 
utmost  importance  in  reducing  the  energry  bill  in  cinema  installa- 
tions takintr  current  from  public  supply  networks.  If  supply  is 
available  at  lOO-UO  volts,  it  is  hardly  worth  while  installing- motor- 
generators  or  converters,  but  generally  current  has  to  be  taken 
at  200-L'50  volts,  and  where  very  large  projectors  are  used, 
at  400-450  volts  (from  power  mains),  so  that  there  is  no 
longer  any  question  as  to  the  advisibility  of  employing  pressure 
reducing  machinery  in  place  of  the  equivalent  ballast  resistance. 
Where  A.c.  supply  is  available,  the  use  of  running  machinery  for 
pressure  reduction  may  be  avoided  by  employing  transformers  (of 
which,  and  their  use,  we  noticed  no  example  at  Olympia*),  or  by 
employing  mercury  rectifiers.  The  latter  enable  the  high  ettioiency 
of  D.c.  arcs  to  be  realised  simultaneously  with  the  simplicity  of 
static  pressure  reduction,  but  the  high  cost  and  fragility  of  glass 
rectifier  bulbs  are  undeniable  disadvantages  in  cinematograph 
work. 

The  various  types  of  motor-generators  and  converters  used  by 
the  miniature  theatres  during  the  recent  Exhibition  have  already 
been  noted  :  all  these  machines  ran  perfectly  during  the  seven 
days  they  were  in  service,  despite  the  fact  that  they  were  set 
to  work  after  exposure  to  wet  weather,  without  preliminary 
drying  or  testing.  Broadly  speaking,  the  advantage  of  motor- 
generators  lies  in  the  flexibility  of  their  control  and  the  steadiness 
of  their  output.  Auto-converters  are  lighter,  cheaper  and  more 
efficient  machines,  but  they  are  less  flexible  while  being  liable  to 
produce  a  "  sensitive  "  arc  unless  considerable  ballast  resistance  is 
used  in  the  projector  circuit  (see  previous  remarks  re  advantage  of 
high  voltage  supply  in  the  arc  circuit). 

Electric  Mi'tur  ApplicationK. — Electric  motors,  of  from  J  to  }  H.P. 
output,  find  many  applications  in  the  operations  connected  with  the 
manufacture  and  exhibition  of  cinema  films.  For  instance,  in  slow 
speed  cinematography — which  now  plays  so  important  a  part  in 
recording  the  germination  and  growth  of  plants,  t*co. — an  electric 
motor  is  used  to  drive,  through  variable-ratio  reducing  gearing,  the 
film  and  shutter  of  a  cinema  camera.  The  Debrie  apparatus, 
arranged  on  this  principle  and  shown  at  Olympia,  enables  from  one 
picture  per  second  to  one  picture  per  hour  to  be  taken  and  provides 
120  intermediate  speeds. 

The  Patho  film  perforater  (punching  500  pairs  of  holes  per 
minute),  and  the  Pathe  printing  machine  (printing  from  200  to 
2o0  ft.  of  positive  film  pei  minute)  are  each  driven  by  5  H.p.  motors. 
An  all-important  part  is  played  by  a  special  form  of  electric  motor 
in  the  stencil-cutting  machine  used  by  Pathe  Freres  in  the  manu- 
facture of  their  colour  films  and,  since  neither  this  machine  nor 
the  Pathe  colour  process  are  at  all  generally  known,  both  may  be 
described  in  some  detail. 

The  film  to  be  coloured  is  placed  in  a  projection  chamber  below 
the  stencil-cutter's'operating  table,  and  on  to  a  ground  glass  screen 
let  into  the  latter,  an  image  of  a  single  film  picture  (enlarged  about 
two-fold),  is  projected  by  aid  of  a  Nernst  lamp  and  a  simple  optical 
system.  A  pantograph  linkwork  enables  the  outline  of  any  part 
of  this  image  to  be  reproduced  on  a  blank  stencil  film.  The 
operator  selects  certain  areas  of  the  picture  which  have  to  be 
coloured — say,  blue — and  traces  round  the  boundaries  of  these 
areas  with  one  style  of  the  pantograph.  The  reduction  ratio  of 
the  copying  linkwork  being  identical  with  the  multiplication  ratio 

*  A.c.  arcs  are,  of  course,  much  less  satisfactory  than  d.c.  arcs 
for  cinema  work,  but  a  considerable  number  are  used  in  this  con- 
nection. It  is  claimed  that,  owing  to  the  higher  efficiency  of  the 
D.C.  arc,  an  A.C. -D.c.  auto-generator  set  enables  better  results  to  be 
obtained  than  auto-transformers  while  effecting  anything  up  to 
20  per  cent,  economy  as  compared  with  the  latter. 


of  the  MyHt<^Mi  uncd  to  projiMit  the  iina((e  of  the  film  on  the  Utnuayi 
table,  it  followH  that  the  iwcond  ntjric  of  the  (mntuKraph  rut«  oat 
aruoH  of  Buch  Hi/.e  and  relative  poBition  an  U)  enable  the  film 
operated  upon  to  \n:  iiHed  uh  u  Mtencil  when  applyiair  bloc  ixtlourinK 
matter  to  the  picture  film. 

It   iH   in   tin-   mei:haniHm    UBe<l  to  cut  thr  "trnr-il  that  the  rhirf 
interent  of   the   machine  lieH,  from  thf  jir'  -  r 

of   vertical   elc'troniagnetB  are   UMvl   to  r 

plate  (pivoted  on  a  vertical  npindlc),  au'ttii  .       /. 

Directly  the  plat<:  haH  turned  through  u  muA\  a.im.U:,  il  brenk*  a 
contact  in  the  magnet  field  circuit,  and  therefore  retuniN  to  ita 
orixinal  position  ;  the  plate  iH  thus  uiaintaine<l  in  very  rapid 
OHcillution  so  long  an  a  master  lontact  in  cloHed  by  depre»ning  the 
tracing  style  on  to  the  film  image.  The  OHcillation  of  the  winged 
plate  is  converted  to  a  vertical  reciprocation  of  a  fine  Btencil- 
cutting  needle  V)y  a  short  connecting  r(i<l  mounted  in  Hpheri>;al 
Beatings  in  a  lug  on  the  winged  plate  and  the  outir  end  of  a  forked 
lever  engaging  with  a  collar  on  the  needle  Mtem.  Normally,  the 
connecting  rod  is  in  an  obli<|ue  ponition,  but,  as  the  winged  plate 
rolJites,  the  connecting  rod  is  raised  to  a  nearly  vertical  poMition,  and 
thus  thrusts  the  needle  down  (through  the  stencil  film  into  a 
fibre  backing  block),  against  the  control  of  a  spiral  spring.  This 
action  is  repeated  with  extreme  rapidity  during  the  whole  time  the 
tracing  style  is  moved  over  the  film  image  and  the  required  stencil 
is,  therefore,  demarcated  by  a  series  of  perforations  so  closely 
contiguous  that  the  central  portions  of  each  cloHed  area  can  be 
ea-'ily  picked  out,  leaving  the  clean  cut  edges  shown  in  fig.  1. 
which  reproduces  an  example  of  the  work  done  by  this  machine. 


Fio.  ].— Pathe  Stencils  kob  Colocked  Film. 


A  stencil  is  cut  for  every  picture  in  the  film,  and  for  every 
colour  to  be  applied  to  the  latter.  Less  than  three  colours  are 
never  employed  in  composing  the  final  coloration,  and,  in  the  best 
films,  as  many  as  .seven  distinct  colours  are  applied,  so  that  from 
48  to  112  stencils  have  to  be  cut  for  every  foot  length  of  the  film 
dealt  with.  About  100  colour  films  can  be  made  from  each  set  of 
stencils,  so  that,  assuming  1,000  ft.  of  film  to  provide  20-minutes' 
entertainment  from  2,400  to  5,600  stencils  have  to  be  cut  to 
provide  each  minute's  Pathc-colour  entertainment  in  100  halls 
simultaneously. 

The  actual  colouring  of  Pathe  films  is  a  purely  mechanical 
process.  The  film  to  be  dyed  is  passed  through  an  electrically- 
driven  machine  which  applies  that  aniline  colour  for  which  the 
stencil  film  was  cut.  through  the  latter  on  to  the  picture  film. 
As  many  films  as  possible  are  thus  treated  till  the  stencils  begin  to 
show  signs  of  wear.  The  dye  in  the  machine  is  then  changed  to 
suit  the  next  stencU,  and  the  films  are  over  printed  with  the 
second  colour,  and  so  on  till  all  the  selected  component  tints  have 
been  applied. 

The  electric  driving  of  projectors  is  very  desirable,  since  it 
ensures  uniform  speed,  and  leaves  the  operator  free  to  attend  to 
other  matters  while  relieving  him  of  a  duty  which,  especially  in 
long-hour  continuous-performance  halls,  ia  very  monotonous. 
In  most  of  the  motor-driven  projectors  now  on  the  market,  the 
regulating  rheostat  is  mounted  near  the  motor  on  the  projector 
stand.  This  arrangement  is  being  condemned  by  the  L.C.C.  on  the 
ground  that  it  considerably  increases  the  risk  of  firing  broken 
films. 

In  cinema  halls  themselves,  the  applications  of  small  electric 
motors,  include  the  driving  of  "  Kinesonnders  "  and  similar 
machines,  sign  flashers,  fans  and  vacuum  cleaners,  concerning 
which  more  is  said  in  later  paragraphs. 

Electric  Lamim  and  Lighting. — Electric  lamps  are  used  almost 
exclusively  in  cinema  halls  and  projectors,  indeed,  electrical  energy 
and  apparatus  is  so  intimately  associated  with  every  branch  of 
modern  cinematography  that  it  may  be  questioned  whether  the 


622 


THE    ELECTIUCAT.    EEVIEW.      [Voi.  72.   No.  i,84f„  apbil  ii,  1913. 


electrical  aspects  of  the  Exhibition  were  made  Bufficiently 
prominent. 

The  Elektrophotog-raph.  Ges.,  of  Frankfort-on-Main,  exhibited 
several  types  of  "Jupiter"  lamps  for  ordinary  or  cine-ftudio 
illnmination.  Each  lamp  comprises  two  horizontal  arcs  arranged 
alon^  the  axis  of  a  semi-circular  diffusing'  reflector  which,  for 
cinematograph  work,  is  provided  with  a  swinging-front  diffusing 
Bcreen. 

The  Westminster  Engineering  Co.  exhibited  a  new  type  of  studio 
lamp  embodying  their  standard  J.i-ampere  enclofed  arc  with  a 
diffusing  parabolic  back  reflector  and  an  cxt«ndcd  lop  deflector 
plate. 

For  printing  films  and  for  projecting  purposes  in  their  stencil- 
entting  machine,  Pathe  Frires  use  Xernst  lamps. 

Space  limitations  prevent  detailed  description  of  the  many  typos 
of  projector  arcs  exhibited.  The  design  and  manufacture  of  these 
lamps  has  reached  a  high  degree  of  perfection,  and  no  radical  altera- 
tions have  been  introduced  in  the  leading  makes  during  the  past 
year  or  two.  The  chief  developments  have  been  the  provision  of 
additional  adjustments  and  increased  mechanical  strength  to  ensure 
rigidity  and  to  suit  the  heavy  currents  now  employed  in  large  halls. 
The  German  exhibits  included  some  exceptionally  heavy  designs, 
but  we  consider  the  British  products  shown  to  be  neither  electrically 
nor  mechanically  inferior  to   the  Continental  lamps.      Standard 


Fk;.  2.— Trixitv  Akc,  Set  at  usual  Angle  foe  a.c. 


first-class  projector  arcs,  as  now  supplied  for  cinema  work,  have 
usually  seven  adjustmentp,  viz.  carbon  feed,  top-carbon  traverse 
(back  and  front  or  right  and  left),  and  tilting.raising  and  traversing 
(to  and  fro  or  right  and  left)  of  the  whole  lamp.  Among  the 
mechanical  improvements  adopted  to  prevent  back-lash  (initial  or 
due  to  wear)  and  consequent  unsteadiness  of  adjustment,  may  be 
noted  tquare  guides  for  the  main  carbon  feed  bars,  parallel  guides 
for  the  aojnstable  carbon  holder,  specially  wide  rack  thnads 
and  guide  pins  preventirg  side  play  round  racks.  There  is  also 
a  notable  improvement  in  the  insulation  of  terminals  and  leads  on 
all  projector  arcs. 

The '■  Trinity '"  projector  arc,  exhibited  by  the  Cinema  Halles 
Trading  Co.,  is  worth  special  notice  not  only  on  account  of  its  sub- 
stantial mechanical  construction  but  also  by  reason  of  the  swing- 
ing jaws  provided.  The  lamp  has  seven  adjustments,  and  the 
swinging  jaws  enable  the  carbons  to  be  set  to  give  best  results  with 
either  D.c.  or  a.c.  snpply  (fig.  2).  If  desired,  the  carbons  can  be  set  at 
right  angles,  and  in  any  case  the  jaws  can  be  brought  within  1  in. 
of  each  other,  thus  reducing  carbon  wastage  to  a  minimum.  This 
lamp  is  built  in  various  sizes  from  10  to  12(i amperes. 

The  Kamm  "  Universal '"  projector  arc  has  no  fewer  than  nine 
distinct  adjustments,  and  "remote  control"  clamping  devices  are 


previously  noted  in  these  columns  :  a  n5-anipere  model,  embodying 
several  new  features,  has  just  been  placed  on  the  market,  and  is 
illustrated  in  fig.  3.  Both  carbons  are  simultaneously  fed  by  a 
single  hand-wheel,  feeding  lieing  necessary  about  once  in  10  mins. 
on  200-volt  supply.  The  p.d.  required  across  the  arc  is  i>'>-Ci5  volts 
and  a  maximum  of  8,000  c.P.  is  available  in  the  direction  of  pro- 
jection. The  lamp  is  built  to  enter  any  standard  projector  lantern, 
and  the  deposition  of  soot  on  the  front  of  the  enclosing  cylinder  is 
prevented  by  the  provision  of  a  top  condensing  chamber  into 
which  gases  pass,  on  rising  from  the  arc,  returning  behind  a 
vertical  dividing  plate  in  the  glass  cylinder  and  through 
passages  in  the  base -plate.  As  in  the  smaller  sizes  of  this  lamp, 
the  partial  enclosure  of  the  arc.  secures  quiet,  steady  burning  and 
reduced  carbon  consumption. 

For  home  or  school  use  the  "  Pathi'icope  " — employing  a  hand  or 
pedal-driven  laagneto-generator  has  gained  rapid  popularity,  but 
if  it  is  preferred  to  take  current  from  ordinary  supply  mains,  a 
miniature  arc  lamp,  or  a  metal-filament  lamp,  may  be  used,  The 
r.")-2'0-ampere  "Jupiter"  lamp,  burning  ."j-mm.  carbons,  enables 
.")  f t.  X  6  ft.  pictures  to  be  shown,  while  the  "Ideal"  projector, 
shown  by  the  same  firm  and  using  a  l(i-vclt  metal  lamp,  makes 
possible   satisfactory  projection  up  to  3  ft.  x  4  ft.  on  the  screen. 

A  number  of  firms  now  specialise  in  the  supply  of  high-grade 
carbons  of  suitable  quality  and  size  for  cinema  work,  and  many  of 
their  products  were  exhibited  at  Olympia.  The  EE  A:  E.  Co.  ex- 
hibited positive  carbons,  the  tips  of  which  were  grnund  at  an  angle  ; 
this  slight  departure  from  usual  practice  enables  a  steady  arc  of 
the  desired  form  to  be  obtained  immediately  on  starting  up. 
iTo  be  conclnded.) 


Fir;. 


-Wkstminstkk  MiNTATunE  Enclosed  Arc. 


Electricity  at   the   Laundry  Exhibition. — Although 

electricity  did  not  play  a  very  important  part  in  the  display  of 
machinery  connected  with  laundries  at  the  International  Laundry 
Exhibition,  which  was  held  at  the  Agricultural  Hall,  London,  lattt 
week,  there  were  several  items  of  considerable  interest  on  view. 
Perhaps  one  reason  why  electricity^ is  not  more  fully  utilised 
as  a  medium  for  power  transmission  and  heating  is  that  a  plentiful 
supply  of  steam  is  a  first  essential  in  large  laundries,  which  necessi- 
tates the  installation  of  a  steam- raising  plant,  the  consequence 
being  that  the  majority  of  laundry  owners  find  it  at  present  more 
economical  to  put  in  a  steam  engine  for  shaft-driving  purposes. 
At  the  same  time  there  were  indications  that  electricity  is  beginning 
to  play  a  more  important  rule  in  laundry  work,  for,  as  one  walked 
arouud  the  Exhibition,  one  came  across  a  number  of  machines  that 
were  driven  by  directly  coupled  electric  motors.  Thus,  Messes. 
James  Absistkong  A:  Co.,  of  Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.C.,  displayer*, 
in  addition  to  an  electric  bleacb -making  machine,  a  huge  "  Trojan  ' 
flatwork  ironer,  with  120  in.  x  48  in.  cylinder,  which  was  shown  in 
operation  driven  by  an  attached  electric  motor.  Messes.  T. 
UuAnrouD  &  Co.,  of  the  Crescent  Ironworks,  Salford,  Manchester, 
exhibited  an  electrically-driven  rotary  washing  machine  of  20-shirt 
capacity,  in  which  the  usual  steam  for  boiling  purposes  was  replaced 
by  a  gas  heater.  Messes.  T.  Bboadbent  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  Hudders- 
field,  displayed  a  couple  of  electrically  driven  hydro-extractors, 
one  of  which — a  2(<m.  machine— was  belt-dtiven  off  the  motor 
mounted  on  the  same  bed-plate.  The  second  machine,  which  was  of 
48-in.  diameter,  was  of  the  suspended  type,  in  which  the  armature  or 
rotor  of  the  electric  motor  is  mounted  on  a  sleeve  which  is  inde- 
pendent of,  and  can  revolve  round,  the  centre  spindle  of  the  machine. 
To  the  upper  part  of  the  sleeve  are  attached  friction  shoes,  which  are 
thrown  out  by  centrifugal  force  when  the  armature  commences  to 
rotate,  and  engage  with  the  inner  rim  of  a  clutch  secured  to  the 
centre  of  the  spindle.  The  weight  of  the  shoes  is  regulated  so 
that,  when  the  motor  attains  its  normal  speed,  the  friction 
developed  is  equal  to  the  torque  of  the  motor,  and  slipping  ceases. 
By  this  arrangement  the  armature  is  able  to  develop  practically  full 
power  and  speed  immediately  the  current  is  switched  on,  the  rotating 
cage  of  the  machine  being  quickly  brought  up  to'f  uU  speed  by  the 
action  of  the  clutch.  Messbs.  R.  G.  W'hitakee,  Ltd.,  of  22, 
Southwark  Bridge  Road,  S.E.,  had  on  view  a  new  iij-in.  hydro- 
extractor  with  direct-attached  3-H.r.  Crompton  motor  and  an 
electrically-driven  goffering  machine.  A  range  of  electrically-heated 
band-irons  was  exhibited  by  Messes.  Isaacs  Beaituwaitk  k  Son, 
of  Kendal,  and  one  was  shown  in  operation  at  the  stand  of  the 
PoLvsuLi'HiN  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Bristol. 

Sterilisation   nith   the  Mercury  Aapour  Lamp. — 

The  use  of  the  mercury-vapour  lamp  to  sterilise  water  is  well 
known.  A  further  use  has  been  made  of  it  by  Herr  Otto  Ilaase  to 
sterilise  underclothing.  The  process  favours  the  polymerisation  of 
the  oxygen  with  the  formation  of  ozone,  resulting  in  rendering  the 
garments  thoroughly  aseptic  and  destroying  all  pathogenic  germs, 
without  affecting  the  texture  or  suppleness  of  thfe  stuffs.  Experi- 
ments showed  that  13  of  the  most  virulent  bacilli  succumbed  at 
various  periods  from  .'>  to  fiO  seconds. —  J/tni/p  Pratujiie  dp 
V  Elrctricite. 


provided,  so  that  there  is  no  difficulty  in  re-carboning  while  the 
lamp  is  hot ;  the  expansion  of  the  clamps  merely  grips  the  carbons 
more  tightly. 

The    Wtbtroinster   Engineering  Co.'s   miniature    enclosed    arcs, 
nsing  carbons  at   right  angles  for  projection  purposes,  have  Iteen 


Electrical  Trades  Inion. — At  the  North-Westcrn  branch 

of  this  Union,  Princess  of  Wales  Hotel,  corner  of  Belsize  Road  and 
Abbey  Road,  N.W.,  on  Tuesday,  April  15th,  at  9  p.m.,  Mr.  Harry 
Springfield  will  deliver  an  address  entitled  "  An  Evening  with 
Olive  .Schreiner." 


Vol.  72.    No.  i,sit>,  A  nil  I,  II,  r.n:i. 


THI^]    ELKCTKTCAL    HI-IVIIIW. 


C2:', 


RECONSTRUCTION    AT    BANKSIDE. 


Wk  ri'conLly  paid  a  visit  to  the  woiUh  of  tlic  (^ity  of  liOiidon 
KJectric  liij^litiiif;  Co.,  at  BankKide,  wlieir  the  ju'occss  of 
reinovinjj  the  old  generating  ))iiuit  and  the  concrete  founda- 
tions is  in  fidl  awing,  to  make  room  for  the  new  plant  which 
is  on  order.  Three  turbo-alLernators  of  2,r)0()  KW.  each 
have  been  running  for  a  considerable  time,  and  a  new  set 
consisting  of  a  turbine  driving  two  1,'_'.')0-kw.  direct-current 
generators  in  tandem — the  largest  d.c.  set  so  far  constructed 
— is  in  position  ;  another  d.c.  set  of  the  same  size,  and  a 
4,000-KW.  D.c.  set,  in  which  gear-driving  will  be  adopted, 
are  to  be  laid  down  in  time  for  the  winter  load,  and  as  the 
existing  foundations  (which  carried  Willans-IJ.'JMI.  a.c.  sets) 
are  altogether  unsuitable  for  the  new  plant,  it  has  been 
found  necessary  to  clear  them  out  entirely.  As  the  founda- 
tions are  of  solid  concrete  of  excellent  (juality,  which  has 
set  very  hard,  the  work  of  removal  is  an  undertaking  of  con- 
siderable difficulty,  more  especially  as  the  proximity  of 
boilers  and  generating  plant  in 
operation  precludes  the  use  of  explo- 
sives. 

Under  these  circumstances,  it  has 
been  necessary  to  have  recourse  to  more 
scientific  and  effectual  methods  than 
that  of  manual  labour,  in  order  to 
break  up  the  huge  masses  of  artificial 
stone,  which  appear  to  have  been 
designed  on  the  lines  of  bomb-proof 
fortifications,  and  bear  eloquent  testi- 
mony to  the  thoroughness  with  which 
the  engineers  of  20  years  ago  carried 
out  their  duties. 

Having  regard  to  the  smooth 
running  of  the  Willans  engine,  it 
would  seem  that  lighter  founda- 
tions would  have  sufficed  to  ensure 
their  stability  and  freedom  from 
oscillation.  Perhaps  the  intention 
was  to  prevent  the  transmission  of 
vibration  to  neighbouring  buildings, 
for  in  those  days  the  phenomena 
of  vibration  in  connection  with  re- 
ciprocating engines  were  not  fully 
understood,  and  even  now  they 
sometimes  give  rise  to  puzzling 
effects. 

The  method  devised  by  Mr.  Frank 
Bailey,  joint  managing  director  and 
engineer  to  the  company,  to  cope  with 
the  difficulty  is  interesting,  more 
especially  as  the  construction  of  the 
apparatus  was  carried  out  entirely  in 
the  company's  well-equipped  workshops. 

An  old  armature  shaft,  weighing  several  tons,  is 
employed  as  a  battering  ram,  being  provided  with 
a  lifting  eye  screwed  into  one  end,  and  with  rings 
sliding  on  a  pair  of  iron  guides.  One  of  the  two 
travelling  cranes  with  which  the  long  bay  is  served 
has  been  furnished  with  a  trigger  hook,  by  means  of 
which  the  ram  can  be  lifted  a  few  feet ;  on  pulling  a  rope 
attached  to  the  end  of  the  trigger  the  ram  is  released  and 
strikes  a  powerful  blow  after  the  fashion  of  a  pile-driver. 
A  hole  about  a  foot  deep  and  a  few  inches  square  is  drilled 
in  the  top  of  the  concrete  block  by  hand,  taking  a  couple  of 
men  about  two  hours  to  do  it :  heavy  wedges  are  then 
knocked  into  the  hole,  and  the  ram  is  allowed  to  fall  upon 
them,  striking  a  blow  of  about  100  inch-tons.  A  few  taps 
of  this  kind  suffice  to  crack  the  concrete  in  all  directions, 
enabling  workmen  with  crowbars  to  break  it  up  without 
difficulty.  The  tup  is  then  used  to  pound  the  blocks  into 
smaller  lumps,  which  are  carried  on  a  temporary  railway  to 
a  stone-crusher  and  reduced  to  a  size  suitable  for  use  in 
making  new  concrete. 

As  the  device  employed  is  interesting,  and  may  be  of  use 
to  other  engineers  in  these  days  when  the  work  of  demolition 
and  reconstruction  is  going  on  in  so  many  places,  we  repro- 
duce photographs  of  the  battering-ram,  for  which  we  are 
indebted  to  Mr.  Bailey. 


OUR  LEGAL  QUERY  COLUMN. 

[  ^Uiigtiu-ru  addrpmed  to   thin    column    thould    br  iiiiflrn  m 
of  l/u!  paper  onli/.] 


,ijf 


"  W.  K.  I)."  writcB  : — "  A  Hupply  of  electricity  ha«  b<;en  (^ ivfitj  to  a 
conHumer  having  premincH  on  a  leaMc.  The  loaHc  havintr  expired, 
the  prcmiscH  are  now  vacant.  Are  the  undcrtakerH,  upon  'lernand 
)iy  the  owner,  bound  to  take  out  the  Bcrvice  from  thf  buil'jinif  bvik 
to  the  footpath  '  The  owner  conii)laine«l  th  it  the  cotoutH  would 
be  in  the  way,  ho  the  cableH  were  Hcab.-il  and  buried  under  the  floor. 
He  now  inHists  on  their  cominif  out  altogether." 

'j'  This  query  raiueu  a  point  of  Home  intcreBt  which  it  in  difHcult 
to  answer  with  certainty,  having  re(;ar<l  to  the  Homewbat  meai^e 
ptatement  of  facts.  Thus  it  is  not  quit'-  clear  what  i^  meant  by 
"  the  service  from  the  buildinfr  back  to  the  footpath."  Is  this  within 
the  curtilage  servcil  by  the  supply,  or  U  it  outside  '  The  ot;ligation 
cast  upon  the  local  authority  or  company  supydyint:  electricity  it 
to  (five,  and  continue  to  give,  a  supply  to  owners  and  occupiers  of 
premises  within  the  area  of  supply  situate  within  'o  yards  from 
any  distributing  main  in  which  they  are  required  to  maintain,  or 
are  maintaining,  a  supply  of  electricity  for  the  purpose  of 
general  supply  to    private  consumer.^.      The  cDnsDiner   must,   if 


Concrete-Breakek  at  Work  at  Bankside. 


required,  bear  the  cost  of  so  much  of  any  electric  main  for  the 
supply  to  him  as  is  laid  on  his  premise:*,  and  of  so  much  of  such 
electric  main  as  it  may  be  necessary  to  lay  for  a  greater  distance 
than  (30  ft.  from  any  distributing  miin  of  the  undertakers, 
although  not  on  his  premises.  If  it  should  turn  out  on  inquiry 
that  in  the  case  under  notice  the  owner  in  question,  or  his  lessee, 
paid  for  the  service,  it  would  seem  that  the  cables  ceased  to  be,  or 
never  were,  the  property  of  the  undertakers,  who  cannot  now 
be  compelled  to  remove  them. 


The  Imperial   Motor   Transport   Conierenee.— The 

Rt.  Hon.  Lewis  Harcourt,  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies,  has 
consented  to  become  Vice-President  of  the  Imperial  Motor  Trans- 
port Conference,  sharing  this  position  with  the  High  Commissioners 
for  the  self-governing  Dominions.  Recent  additions  to  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Conference  include  Col.  the  Hon.  Sir 
N.  J.  Moore,  K.C.M.G.,  Agent-General  for  Western  Australia,  the 
Hon.  J.  H.  Turner,  Agent-General  for  British  Columbia,  and  John 
Howard,  Esq.,  Agent-General  for  Xova  Scotia.  The  Army  Council 
has  nominated,  to  serve  on  the  Executive  Committee,  General 
F.  W.  B.  Landon,  C.B.,  Director  of  Transport  at  the  War  Office,  and 
the  chairman  and  secretary  of  the  Jlechanical  Transport  Technical 
Committee.  It  has  now  been  definitely  decided  that  the  exhibition 
of  Industrial  Motor  Vehicles  at  Oiympia  shall  open  on  Friday, 
July  ISth,  and  the  visit  of  the  Conference  delegates  to  the  Exhi- 
bition is  timed  for  the  morning  of  Saturday,  July  19th. 


624 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,S46,  April  n,  1913. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR, 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913. 


Compile.i  eiprcssiv  for  this  journal  by  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  i  Co., 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holbom,  London,  V.'.C,  and  .it 
Lirerpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inauiries  sboald  be  addressed. 


7,043.  "Means  for  the  automatic  regulation  ot  the  spark  from  the  magneto 
in  electrically  igniting  and  the  charge  of  internal-combnstion  engines."  G. 
Oiuv,  Jan.    March  Soth. 

7,059.    "Elecuic  incandescence  lamps."     H,  Zscbocez,    MaTch26tb. 

7,065.  "  Electric  switches."  A.  P.  LfHDuEEO,  G.  C.  Lt^OBKBO,  P.  A.  Lvnd- 
iiiBC.  and  6.  Pegg.    March  2oih. 

7,106.  "  Arc  light  electrodes."  G.  Biemens  4  Co.  (Convention  date, 
March  3$th,  1912,  United  States.)     March  25th.    (Complete.) 

7,135.  "  Test  circuit  arrangements  for  telephone  systems."  SasiEKs  Eros. 
AND  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  W.  H.  Gbissted.     March  25th.     ((Complete.) 

7,li7.  "Circuit  arrangements  (or  telephone  exchanges  with  automatic 
selecting  devices."  Siemens  Bbos.  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  T.  Peitigben.  March 
25th.    (Complete.) 

7jlS8.  "  Circuit  arrangement  for  telephone  exchanges  provided  selecting 
devices."  t-iEMEK>  Bros.  4  Co  ,  Ltd.,  and  T.  Pettigren.  March  25th, 
(Complete.) 

7,130.    "  Devices  for  showing  when  junction  lines  to  selecting  devices  in  tele- 

§  hone  installations  are  engaged."  Siemens;  4  Balske  Akt-Ges,  (Convention 
ate,  March  53rd,  1912,  Germany.)      March  25th.    (Complete.) 

7,H6.  "Ckimbined  dynamos  and  governors."  A.  Churchward.  March 
3&th.    (Complete.) 

7,151.  "Control  of  alternating-electric  currents."  British  Thomson- 
Hovston  Co.,  Ltd.  (General  Electiic  Co.,  United  States.)  March  25th. 
(Complete.) 

7,166.  "  Voltage  regulators."  W.  J.  Mellersh-Jackson.  (M.  Eyquem, 
France.)    March  25th.    (Complete.) 

7,192.     "  Electrical  accumtUators."    J.  A.  Walshaw.    March  26th. 

7,221,  "Automatic  telephone."  Q.  Ahi.zmeyeb.  (Convention  date,  De- 
cenil>er27tb,  1912,  Gei  many.)    March  36th.    (Complete.) 

7,236.    "  Electrical  alarm  locks."    A.  Lewis.    March  2Gth, 

7,332.  "Ignition  and  starting  systems  for  internal-combustion  engines." 
L.  Lahgner.     March  2Cth. 

7,213.  "Electric-plug  contacts."  A.  Scbuchabdt.  March  2Cih.  (Com- 
plete.) 

7.344.  "Supports  for  electric  lamps."  H.  Wade,  (Schneider  4  Kaojoks 
ElektriziUts  G.m  b.H  ,  Germany.)    Maroh  26th, 

7.345.  "  Lighting  apparatus."  H.  Wade.  (Schneider;  4  Naujoks  Elek- 
trizitsta  G.m. b.H.,  Germany.)    March  26tb. 

7.346.  "Lightirg  apparatuB."  H.  Wade.  (Schneider  4  Naojoks  Elek- 
trizitats  G.m. b.H.,  Germany.)    March  36tb. 

7,353.  "  Charging  accumulators  from  a  variable-speed  dynamo-electric 
machine."    J.  G.  P.  Thomas.    March  26th. 

7,357.  "  Electric  clocks,"  F,  Bbunko.  (Convention  date,  April  Ist,  1912, 
Germany.)    March  27th.     (Complete.) 

7,286.  "  Electric  lighting  of  vehicles."  W.  G.  Lee  and  P.  J.  Oldfield. 
March  27th. 

7,288.  "  Automatic  fire  alarm  systems."  E.  Garretsoh.  March  27th. 
(Complete.) 

7,298.  "  Battel V  compounds."  J.  W.  MACKE^ZIE.  (Cook  Railway  Signal 
Co.,  United  States.)    March  27th.     (Complete.) 

7,302.  "  Ignition  methods  for  internal  combustion  engines."  H.  Boteb. 
(Convention  date,  March  30th,  1912,  France.)    March  S:7tb.     (Complete.) 

7,305.  "Overhead  conductors  for  electric  traction  systems."  K.  D.  Bowen 
and  Cedes  Eujctric  Traction,  Ltd.    March  37th. 

7,311.  "  Manufacture  ol  electric  cables."  W.  B.  Smith  and  H.  J.  Qarnett. 
March  27th. 

7,338,  "  Electro-depcsition  of  metals."  N.  H.  M.  Dekker.  (Divided 
appUcation  on  17.S36,  1913,  August  Ist.)    March  27th.    (Complete). 

7,346.  "Telephone  receivers  and  the  like  apparatus."  M.  S,  Conner, 
March  38tb. 

7,860.  "Incandescent  electric  lampholders."  C.  G.  A,  Erikson.  March 
38  tb. 

7,365.  "Sparking  plugs."  H.  G.  Longford,  W.  W,  Longfobd  and  W.  A, 
Clark  (trading  as  bphinx  Manufacturing  Co.).     March  28th. 

7,369.  "  Switches  for  electrically  operating  planing  machines  and  the 
like."  Lancashire  Dynauo  akd  Motob  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  W.  Haegreaves". 
March  28th. 

7,374,  "  Lens  attachments  (or  electric  pocket  lamps  and  the  like."  H, 
NEUBuaaER.     March  28th. 

7,376,     "Telephones."    A.  Sterrt.    March  28th. 

7,383.  "Electric  insulators."  F.  BrowaLski,  (Convention  date,  March 
SOth,  1912,  United  States.)    March  2Hth.     (Complete.) 

7,411.     "  Flame  arc  lamps."    G.  E.  Tate  and  F.  O.  Mohkhouse.    March  2.Sth. 

7,461.  "Attachment  for  telephone  instruments."  G.  B,  ScanAi,.  March 
»th. 

7,469.     "Electric  liquid  heaurs."     E.  A.  Ra\-es.    March  39th. 

7,502.    "  Wirele.^3  telegraphy,"    E.  8.  Hecrtley.    March  29th. 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
o(  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  4  Co.,  28S,  High  Holbom,  W.C.,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradfcrd  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1911. 
Blectricaixtactcated  Taximeters  for  Cabs  and  Liee  Vehicles.    C.  Robin- 
son.   27,536.     December  8tb. 


iQia. 

Meaiis  roB  Transfoeming  Eli.ctbical  Enkbov  into  Heat  Eneboy,  pabticu- 
LARLT  Applicable  to  Haib-dbying  Apparatus.  London  Electrical  Trading 
Co.  and  C.  O.  Bastian.    6,723.     March  7th. 

BwiTCB  Arramgehent  FOB  Electric  Ikcandebcent  Lamps.  J.  F.fmith.  6,814. 
March  Stb. 


Device  fir  mtportino  Condiits,  Pipes  or  the  Like  for  Electhio  Con- 
DrcioRS  AND  other  Uses.  J.  B.  Blake  and  W.  Kilbum.  6,£62.  March 
16tli. 

AlTOMATIO    APPABATIS    FOB    OPERATING    ELECTRIC    ST.VBTINO    SWITCHES    AND  THE 

Like.    W.  A.  Clatworthy.    6,599.    March  16th. 
Electric  Medical  Appli.ince.    E.  T.  Braarup.    6,645.    March  18lh. 
Electric    Indicating    Apparatcs    Specially,     thocoh     not     Exclcsively, 

Applicable   for  Use  on   Board  Sinp.    W.  D,  Kilroy  and  Evershed  and 

Vignoles,  Ltd.    6,793.    March  19tb, 
Electric  Liohtikg  SviiTEMs  FOR  AiTToMOBiLES.    J.Bijur.    6,808.     March  19tb. 
Method  of  Ssttiho  or  AD.irsnso  from  a  Distance  through  the  Medium  op 

Periodic  Oscillations  or  Difterent  FRrgiENCv.    EMch  F.  Huth  Ges,  and 

H.  Behne.    9,181.    April  18th.    (April  18th,  1911.) 
Electbic  Resistance  Fcbnaoe.     L.  Ubbelohde.    9,203.    April  18th. 
Constriction  of  Elei  trio  Bell  Push.    A.  Bonnella.    10,360.    May  Ist. 
Altebnatino-ccrrent    Generators.      C.   R.  Ehaw,  J.  G.  Shaw  and  H.  G 

Sharp.     10,427.    May  2nd. 
Form  ok  Electbic  Fire-Alabm  Apparatus.    H.  Neal  and  E.  E,  Moore.    10,937. 

May  8th. 
Means  foe  Starting  Internal-combustion  Enoires.    B.  Brooks  and  W.  Holt. 

10,996.    May  9th. 
Machines  fob  Making  Electric  Incandescent  Lamp  Bases.    British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.     (Ailgemcine  Elektricitats  Ges.)    13,788.    June  12th. 
Terminal  Mounting  and  Cordoripping  Means  for  Electric  Lampboldebs, 

Adaptors  or  the  Like.    G.  St.  J.  Day.     14,306.    June  ISth. 
Process  and  Dkvhce  fob  Incbeasino  the  Life,  Uniformitv  and  Economy  of 

Electbic  Dischahge  Tuber  having  an  Incandescent  Cathode.    R,  von 

Lieben,  E.  Reisz  and  S.  Strauss.     15,976.    July  8th.     (July  7th,  1911.) 
Appabatds  foe  Uniform  Electrolytic  Treatment  of  Metal  Strips,  Wire  and 

the  Like  UNDER  Continuous  Action.    F.  Werth.    16,535.    July  16th. 
Devices  for  Adjusting  the  Ti.me  of  Ignition  in  Iktebnal-combcstiow  Engines 

PRo\nDED   with  Maonetoelectbic  Ignition   Machines.    A.  G.  Bloxam. 

(Robert  Bosch,  Firm  of).     17,489.    July  27th, 
High  tension    Iksulatoes    fob    Overhead   Lines,     W.    Fellenberg.      17,761. 

July  31st.    (July  3ist,  1911.) 
Electbodeb  foe  Electrolytic  Measubiko  Instbuments.    H.  8.  Hatfield  and 

Chamberlain  4  Hookham,  Ltd.     18,341.    August  9th. 
Electrically  -  heated   Thebapectic    Appliances.      J.   de   Bernard    and   J. 

Ebbsmith.    19,267.    August  22Dd. 
Rotary  Engine  with   Electrical  Power  Transmission  Qeab.    A.  Beldiman. 

19,787.    August  29tb.     (September  23rd,  1911.) 
Electbic  Pocket  Lamps.    W.  Knopf.    22,093.     September  28tb. 
Two-rate    EIlectricttv    Meters.      Landis    &    Qyr.      24,503.      October   26tb. 

(October  27th,  1911.) 
Thermo-electric  Batteries.      H.  0.  Gross.     25,372.     November  Eth.     (No- 
vember 6th,  1911.) 
Controllers  for  Electric  Motors.    L.  G.  Riley.    25,591.    November  7tb. 

(November  8th,  1911.) 
Spreaders    for    Telephone   Receiver  Casinos.      P,  M,   Cox.     26,474.      No- 
vember 18tb. 
Dry  Electric  Batteries.    J.  Bohle  and  "Volta"  Commanditgesellscbaft  fur 

Elektrische  Kleinbeleuchtung.    26,699.    November  20th. 
Electrical  Heating  Apparatus.      E.  G.  Byng  and  J.   H.   Collirgs.    28,642r 

December  Uth.    (Divided  application  on  No.  6,763  of  1912,  March  19th.) 


Book  \0tices. — T/ie  ABC  GuiiJc  fo  Patents  for  Incen- 
tions.  Bj  R.  E.  Phillips  an(i  A.  M.  Flack.  London  :  Bntterworth 
and  Co.  Price  23.  6d.  net.— There  are  few  subjects  on  which  so 
many  guide-books  are  written  as  that  with  which  this  work  deals, 
and  necessarily  the  differences  between  the  treatises  are  found 
mainly  in  the  method  of  treatment.  In  the  book  before  up,  the 
matter  is  thrown  into  parajjraphs,  arranged  under  alphabetical 
headings,  with  a  view  to  enabling  the  user  to  find  the  point  he 
wants  with  the  minimum  of  trouble.  So  far  as  we  have  tested  it, 
we  have  found  the  arrangement  satisfactory. 

A  Firxt  Buoh  of  Electr'city  and  Magm-tism.  By  W.  Perren 
Maycock,  M.I.E.E.  London  :  Whittaker  &  Co.  Price  28.  6d.  net.— 
This  is  the  fourth  edition  of  a  work  which  is  intended  to  provide  a 
really  easy  introduction  to  the  siibject  ;  it  is  written  in  very  simple 
language,  and  illustrated  with  very  clear  drawings  and  diagrams, 
some  of  which  are  admirably  devised  to  convey  correct  ideae,  as. 
for  instance,  the  horseshoe  magnet  on  page  17,  in  which  each  of 
the  external  lines  of  force  shown  is  continued  throughout  the  body 
of  the  magnet.  Starting  with  the  magnet,  the  author  passes  on  to 
voltaic  cells  and  electric  currents,  electromagnetism  and  electrolysis, 
and  the  induction  of  currents,  up  to  the  principles  of  dynamos  and 
motors  ;  he  then  commences  electrostatics,  and  eventually  shows 
the  connection  between  this  subject  and  electrokinetics  by 
explaining  the  action  of  the  condenser.  A  number  of  questions 
is  given  at  the  end  of  each  section,  and  a  list  of  experiments 
bearing  upon  the  subjects  dealt  with  is  appended,  together  with  a 
priced  list  of  all  the  apparatus  required  for  carrying  out  these 
experiments  and  many  others.  The  book  is  exceptionally  well 
printed  on  good  paper. 

"Science  Abstracts.'  Vol.  16,  part  3,  March  3l8t.  1913.  Sections 
A  and  B.     London  ;  E.  X  F.  N.  Spon,  Ltd.     Price  Is.  6d.  net  each. 

"  Proceediniif  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers." 
Vol.  39.  Xo.  3.  March,  1913.     New  York  :  The  Society. 

"  On  the  Temperature  Rise  and  the  Deterioration  of  the  Covering 
Material  of  Wire  by  the  Carrying  Current.'  By  T.  Hirobe.  August, 
1912.    Tokir,  Japan  :  The  Electro-Technical  Laboratory. 

"  Atti  deKa  Aesociazione  Elettrotecnica  Italiana.''  Vol.  17,  No.  6, 
March  31st,  1913.     Milan  :  Stucchi,  Ceretti  A:  Co.     Price  L  1.60. 

"  Jhilletin  Mensnel  Socii'u'  Beige  d'Electriciens.''  Vol.  30, 
January,  1913.     Brussels  :  E.  Bruylant.     Price  1  fr.  75. 


VaUABLE-SPEED  DVHAMOS  FOR  UsE  IN    STARTING    IhTZBNAL-COMBUSTION    ENGINES 

AND  THE  Like.     H.  Leitner.    6,189.    Match  Uth. 
Systems  OF  Electrical  Distbibction.     British  Thomson-Houston  C^.    (General 

KlectiicCo.)    6,212.    March  12th. 
ELscrRjuALLr>rciKTBou.F.D  Lifts  cr  Eletatobe.     A.  Rczier.    6,80i.     March 

IStb. 

iRSULAtlNO  ScProBTS  FOB  THE  CoNDCCTOB  RAIU  OF    ElLBlTBIC  RAILWAYS.      E.  T. 

Brook.    6,173.     March  16tb. 


Rassiail  Platinum  Ta.\.— A  Reuter  dispatch  from 
St.  Petersburg  states  that  the  Council  of  the  Empire  has  adopted 
a  resolution  of  the  Duma  regulating  the  conditions  of  export  in  the 
platinum  industry.  It  decided,  however,  instead  of  prohibiting 
the  export  of  raw  platinum,  as  proposed  by  the  Duma,  that  raw 
platinum  should  be  liable  on  exportation  abroad  or  to  Finland  to  a 
tax  of  30  per  cent,  ad  ralorem. 


THH 


EXjECTI^/IC^Xj    I^/E'^IE'W. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


APRIIi  1«,  1913. 


No.  1,84; 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


CONTENTS  :  April  18,  1918. 


[No.  I,8i7. 
Page 


TWENTY   YEARS    OF  ELECTRICITY 
SUPPLY. 


Twenty  Years  of  Electricity  Supply      

Smoke  Abatement 

American  Ileatinpr  Loads 

Expert  Witnesses  in  Patent  Caaes  

Invention  in  lltTJ 

Electrodes  for  Electric  Furnaces 

The  Lighting  of  Small  Country  HouBct  

Filing  Articles  from  Technical  Journals  

Correspondence : — 

Failure  to  Excite         

Lonff-Scale  Instruments         

Electric  Laundry  Irons  

The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  Lifts 

Chicago  Laboratories  and  Canadian  Trade        

Legal 

Parliamentary  

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (,ilhis.)      

BnsinesB  Notes         

The  Electricity  Works  of  Trolhiittan  07/«.O 

Some  American  Cement  Mill  Installations  (iiiii,?.)       

Notes 

City  Notes 

Stocks  and  Shares 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         

Preservation  and  Protection  of  Standing  Telegraph  and  Tele 

phone  Poles  ((7/ w.v.)        

The   First   International  Cinematograph    Exhibition  (illus, 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  :— 

CoUierj  Ca,h\ea  (illus.)  (concludi>d^ 

Electric  Supply  in  London  (iHia.) 

Maintenance  Costs  of  Electric  Traction 

Copper  

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 

Abstracts  of  Pablished  Specifications 

Contractors'  Colnmn    ...  Advertisement  pages  xxiv,  xxvi  and  xxviii 

The  electrical   REVIEW. 

Published  every  FRIDAY,  Price  4d. 

The  Oldest  Weekly  Electrical  Paper.         Ustabl ished  I87S. 

fO  BK  OBTAINED  BY  ORDEB  FROM  ANY  NEWSAGENT  IN  TOWN  OE  COONTEI. 


625 
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652 
654 
655 

6.-)  7 

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659 
661 
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663 
664 
664 


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The  paper  read  before  the  Society  of  Arts  last  week  by  ilr. 
Frank  Bailey  was  of  exceptional  interest,  as  a  review  of  tlie 
progress  made  in  I>on(lon  (luring  tlie  20  odd  ycar«  which  had 
elapsed  since  he  read  liis  previous  paper  before  the  .Society—^ 
a  period  which  covers  practically  the  whole  history  of  elec- 
tricity supply  on  the  commercial  scale.  It  is  almost  exactly 
a  quarter  of  a  century  sint:c  the  passing  of  the  second  Electric 
Lighting  .\ct  removed  the  prohibitive  restrictions  which  had 
been  placed  upon  the  embryo  industry,  and  enabled  capital  to 
be  adventured  in  this  new  field  with  a  reasonable  prospect  of 
securing  an  adequate  return.  If  we  transport  ourselves  back 
in  imagination  to  the  date  of  the  first  paper — 1800 — what  a 
striking  contrast  is  presented  between  then  and  now  I 

At  that  time  we  were  emerging  from  what  ^Ir.  Swin- 
burne aptly  described  as  the  "postage-stamp  paper  and 
sealing-wax  "  stage  of  electrical  engineering,  when  a  .SOO-kw. 
dynamo  was  a  monster,  the  Willans  engine  was  asserting  its 
supremacy,  and  various  "  battles  of  systems "  were  raging 
— between  direct  coupling  and  belt-driving,  high  speed  and 
low  speed,  two-pole  and  multipole  types  of  dynamo,  a.c.  and 
D.c.  ;  high  voltage  was  then  2,000  volts,  and  transformers 
were  common'y  installed  on  consumers'  premises,  while 
alternators  were  run  on  separate  feeders,  as  parallel  operation 
was  considered,  if  practicable  at  all,  too  risky.  The  supply 
of  electricity  for  motive  power  was  practically  non-existent, 
and  there  were  no  trolley  tramways  in  the  country — though 
there  were  electric  railways  I 

To-day,  on  the  other  hand,  we  hear  of  the  construction  of 
a  25,000-KW.  Parsons  turbo-alternator  without  raising  an 
eye-brow,  and  the  cutting-off  of  the  electi?icity  supply  of 
London  for  a  single  hour  would  be  a  disaster  of  national 
importance. 

Xo  better  exponent  of  the  past  20  years'  progress  in 
Tiondon's  electricity  supply  could  be  found  than  ^Ir.  Bailey, 
who,  as  engineer  to  both  the  City  of  London  Co.  and  (formerly) 
the  Metropolitan  Electric  Supply  Co..  has  a  unique  acquaint- 
ance with  the  history,  published  and  unpublished,  of  the 
subject,  and  himself  was  responsible  for  a  very  large  share 
in  the  development  of  the  industry  in  London.  It  is ' 
interesting  to  note  that,  by  introducing  the  Parsons  turbine 
into  central-station  practice  in  London,  in  order  to  overcome  the 
vibration  nuisance  arising  from  the  use  of  reciprocatinir 
engines  in  a  residential  quarter.  Air.  Bailey  gave  a  great 
impetus  to  the  development  of  the  turbine  at  a  time  when 
it  was  viewed  with  suspicion  and  incredulity  by  many  of 
his  confreres,  and  thus  rendered  timely  service  of  the  utmost 
value  to  Sir  Charles  Parsons — besides  solving  his  own 
difficulties.     That  his  confidence  in  the  ability  and  genins  of 


[020] 


626 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [voi.  n.  No.  \mi,  apbil  is,  1913. 


that  gi-eat  inventor  is  unabated  is  well  illustrated  by  the 
fact  that  he  has  ordered  for  the  Bankside  works  a  geared 
turbo-generator  of  the  largest  output  yet  constructed  for 
direct-current  supply. 

The  importance  of  the  industry  to  London  may  be  gauged 
from  the  tabular  statement  of  the  capital  expended  upon  it 
and  of  the  annual  output  which  is  given  in  our  abstract  of 
the  paper  on  another  page.  That  this  huge  business, 
engaging  a  capital  of  21  milUons  sterling,  should  be  split  up 
between  no  fewer  than  14  local  authorities  and  IS  com- 
panies is,  to  our  mind,  a  misfortune,  attributable  partly  to 
the  fact  that  the  industry  is  of  so  recent  origin  that  it  has 
not  yet  grown  out  of  the  chaos  of  systems  and  supplies  that 
reigned  at  the  commencement,  partly  to  the  craze  for  muni- 
cipalisation  which  overwhelmed  the  country  towards  the  end 
of  last  century,  and  partly  to  the  allied  jealousy  of  private 
enterprise  which  gave  rise  to  the  ill-omened  Act  of  1882. 
and  to  the  establishment  of  competition  by  the  Government 
throughout  the  Metropolitan  area  in  1889.  In  the  latter 
portion  of  his  paper,  Mr.  Bailey  contrasts  the  London  con- 
ditions with  those  obtaining  in  Berlin,  Paris  and  Buenos 
Ayree,  to  which  might  be  added  many  other  great  cities, 
such  as  Chicago,  Montreal,  &c. 

The  advantages  of  centralisation  of  management  and 
uniformity  of  system  in  the  hands  of  a  single  authority, 
under  statutory  control,  are  hardly  if  at  all  less  patent  in  the 
case  of  electricity  supply  than  in  that  of  the  telephone  system  : 
and  while  we  do  not  advocate  the  municipal  management  of  any 
great  commercial  undertaking  such  as  these,  we  believe  that 
unification  of  the  supply  of  electricity  in  London  would  tend 
to  lower  the  price  to  the  consumer,  while  ensuring  an 
ade^iuate  return  to  the  investor  and  guaranteeing  a  continuity 
of  supply  unattainable  under  existing  conditions.  But  it 
will  be  the  work  of  many  years,  and  we  hardly  anticipate 
that  it  will  be  complete  even  when  Mr.  Bailey  reads  his 
third  paper  before  the  Society  of  .irts  in  1933 — as  we 
sincerely  hope  he  will  do.     May  we  be  there  to  hear  him  1 


The  annual  meeting  of  the  Coal  Smoke 
Al^atement  Abatement  Society  was  held  on  April  10th 
at  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution. 
There  was  a  time  when  this  Society  displayed  something 
other  than  affection  for  electric  generating  stations,  and  we 
were  inclined  to  feel  that  in  pursuing  its  policy  of  relentless 
persecution  of  electrical  undertakers,  it  was  blind  to  the 
support  that  electricity  supply  was  lending  to  its  movement  by 
providing  power  which  would  render  multitudinous  furnaces 
and  faot<^)ry  chimneys  unnecessary.  To-day,  however,  the 
Society  appears  to  be  full  of  appreciation  of  the  work  of 
the  London  electricity  suppliers.  Indeed,  reference  to  a 
note  elsewhere  in  this  issue  will  show  that  "  the  value  of 
this,  their  ally,  in  the  work  of  cleansing  the  atmosphere  "  is 
now  gratefully  acknowledged.  In  regard  to  the  general  course 
of  smoke  abatement,  it  cannot  be  said  that  the  progres.s 
towards  better  ideas  on  matters  of  combustion  is  very  rapid, 
yet  in  some  way  or  other  black  fogs  certainly  seem  to  be  less 
frequent  than  they  were  20  years  ago.  It  is  a  matter  for 
regret  that  the  income  of  the  society  should  be  less  than  £300 
per  year,  for  the  society  deserves  encouragement  from  us  all. 
What  is  needed  by  way  of  better  methods  for  burning  coal 
is  not  the  use  of  anthracite,  which  some  seem  to  think 
is  the  one  and  only  way,  but  th«  use  of  methods  for  burning 
all  fuels  in  a  cleanly  manfier.      It  is  to  l>e  hoped,  however, 


that  the  semi-coke  made  from  bituminous  coal  may,  before 
long,  be  a  regular  article  of  sale.  Coalite  seems  to  have  gone 
altogether.  But  what  of  that  system  by  which  ordinary 
gas  coke  was  annealed  in  some  way  when  freshly  drawn 
from  the  retorts?  To  our  knowledge  that  coke  was  an 
excellent  fuel ;  it  ignited  as  easily  as  coal,  made  a  nice  clean 
fire,  produced  no  smoke,  and  yet  gave  a  fire  more  like  coal 
than  coke.  It  was  also  economical.  Of  course,  coal  should 
never  be  burned  until  it  has  been  at  least  partially  coked 
and  the  by-products  saved.  But  that  is  a  large  question. 
The  domestic  chimney  should  be  less  an  offender  to-day  in 
consequence  of  the  developments  of  gas  and  electric  heating 
and  cooking,  and  hopeful  electrical  men  look  in  this  direction, 
perhaps,  more  than  in  any  other,  for  the  clean  and  sweet, 
because  smokeless,  city  of  the  future. 


Ax    American    contemporary    recently 

AtnGricflD  »^        >/  j 

Heating  Loads.   »^^^  ^™®  interesting  particulars  of  the 

electric    heating    load    connected  to   the 

mains  of  the  New  York  Edison  Co.     In  1900,  this  load 

amounted  to  200  Kw.  :  by  1907  it  had  increased  to  800  k\\., 

and,  at  the  present  day,  it  amounts  to  some  3,000  kw. — 

a  figure  which  has,  however,  been  exceeded  in  the  Mar\  lebone 

(Loudon)  area.     Naturally,  it  is  the  electric  iron  which  has 

come  into  favour  most  readily,  and  such  is  its  popularity  that 

the  average  energy  consumption  per  iron  used  in  tailoring 

establishments  in   1912    reached   the   remarkable  figure  of 

350  Kw.-hours — an  amount  greater  than  the  total  annual 

consumption  of  many,  if   not   most,  middle-class   lighting 

consumers  in  this  country. 

Our  Chicago  namesake  states  that  nearly  700  additional 
electric  irons  were  placed  in  New  York  factories  last  year  by 
the  Edison  Co.  alone,  and  it  is  known  that  98  per  cent,  of 
these  are  in  regular  use.  An  installation  of  six  irons  is 
reckoned  to  be  a  small  one,  yet  it  secures  a  very  acceptable 
annual  revenue,  and  there  are  many  larger  installations 
bringing  in  from  £100  to  £300  per  annum.  With  such 
figures  before  us,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  electric  irons 
are  as  valuable  to  users  as  their  demand  is  to  the  central 
station. 

Prominent  among  the  other  industrial  heating  loads  sup- 
plied by  the  Edison  Co.  are  several  large  japanning  ovens, 
the  efficiency  of  which  has  been  gieatly  increased  by  the 
adoption  of  electric  heating.  During  .January,  1912,  the 
ovens  in  one  establishment  consumed  882  KW.-hours. 
Recently  electric  heating  has  been  adopted  in  connection 
with  celluloid  button  dies,  and  in  the  better  millinery  and 
dry  goods  establishments  there  are  a  number  of  electrically- 
heated  boilers  used  for  steaming  velvet  and  feathers. 

Similar  installations  have  recently  been  put  in  by  large 
theatrical  companies  using  a  multitude  of  costumes.  Elec- 
tric sealing-wax  heaters  are  working  six  days  a  week  in  many 
large  offices,  electric  branding  irons  have  gained  greatly 
in  popularity  within  the  past  year,  and  soldering  irons  and 
pitch  kettles  make  a  steady,  if  not  startling,  progress. 
Cinema  film  companies  are  now  using  electric  heaters  for 
their  developing  baths. 

In  domestic  service  in  New  York  the  electric  iron  averages 
14  hours'  use  per  month  ;  the  li-lb.  iron  usual  in  resident 
fiats  averages  !S4  kw. -hours  per  annum.  Special  provision 
is  made  for  the  u-e  of  electric  irons  in  the  newer  apartment 
houses ;  in  one  case,  35  tenants  are  each  provided  with 
two  irons  and  an  ironing  board  in  an  elaborate  basenient 
laundry,  and  complications  are  avoided  by  placing  each  iron 
on  its  own  meter  and  locking  the  outlets.  Among  all  kinds 
of  domestic  heating  appliances,  that  for  which  the  greatest 
increase  in  demand  developed  in  New  York  during  1912 
was  the  "  combination  grill,"  comprising  a  series  of  cook- 
ing uteqsils  capable  of  being  used  with  a  single  heating  unit, 


Vol.72.    No.  1,.'H7,  ArniL  Ks,  19i:i.l 


THE    ELE(n'RlCAL    RRVIK'A 


(V2.1 


The  Washington  Water  Power  ("o.  (Sjiokftnc)  hoH  an  in- 
dustrial heatin},'  and  power  load  of  77  per  cent,  daily  loud 
factor,  to  which,  as  wc  ^'uther  frdui  the  American  Elcr.lriral 
Rci'iiiv,  there  has  recently  hteii  added  an  eicdric  hcatinj; 
installation  in  the  banana  rip('iiinj(  rooms  of  theChas.  Uhden 
Co.  Each  of  two  rooms,  l(j  x  |h  x  7  ft.,  accommodates 
200  bundles  of  fruit,  and  i.s  heated  by  four  .''lOO-watt  car- 
heaters  mounted  in  an  asbestos-lined  wall  box.  In  addition, 
!i  50()-watL  lieater  is  placed  in  a  bucket  of  water  to  provide 
the  requisite  atmospheric  moisture.  A  circulating  fan  is 
placed  in  each  wall  box  at  the  outlet  of  an  air  duct,  which 
has  its  inlet  at  the  lloor  line  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
room.  Oool  air  is  thus  drawn  in  and  blown  through  the 
lieaters  on  to  a  distributing  board.  lOxperience  shows  that 
this  system  of  heating  enables  a  uniform  tem[jcrature  to  be 
maintained  in  every  part  of  the  room  without  the  aid  of  a 
thermostat.  At  night,  the  fan  and  half  the  heaters  are  shut 
down,  an  even  temperature  within  0"5"  F.  being  then  main- 
tained during  the  night.  In  summer,  the  heat  generated 
by  the  ripening  fruit  is  greater  than  is  required  for  best 
results,  hence  ventilating  ducts  are  opened,  and  (the  heaters 
being  idle)  -the  fan  is  used  to  circulate  cool  air  through  the 
ripening  rooms.  Ry  working  the  rooms  alternately,  a  high 
load  factor  is  obtained,  and  200  bunches  of  fruit  are 
available  for  market  every  two  days.  The  nature  of  the 
load,  from  the  central  station  standpoint,  will  be  seen  from 
the  following  data  : — 


Mftx.  demand. 

Load 

1912. 

KW. 

KW. hours. 

factor. 

March 

17 

1,100 

87  % 

April 

V2 

SOO 

92-5  % 

May 

V2 

810 

94% 

June 

T2 

90 

10'2% 

July 

1-2 

60 

t!-7% 

August 

1-2 

75 

84% 

September  ... 

Vo 

210 

22-2  % 

October 

1-4 

150 

43  3% 

November   ... 

1-9 

900 

65-8  % 

December    . . . 

2-3 

1,150 

(i7-2  % 

Ix    the   case  of   Crosfield   v.   Techno- 

Expert  ^       Chemical    Ijaboratories,  Ltd.,  which  was 

Witnesses  m     ^.^^j,     ^  content  between    the    two  great 

Patent  Cases.    „      "^     .,  ,,     ,        ,   ,  ,,       t      • 

firms   of  Mond   and  Lever,    Mr.    Justice 

Neville  had  something  important  to  say  about  the  functions 
of  the  expert  witness.  One  has  only  to  peruse  the  headnote 
or  summary  of  the  case  which  appears  in  the  Timefi  "  Law 
Reports,"  published  last  week,  to  see  that  it  was  a  dispute 
in  which  the  services  of  experts  were  urgently  needed.  That 
summary  is  as  follows  :  "  The  plaintiffs,  as  legal  owners  of 
letters  patent  granted  to  one  X.  for  '  a  process  for  converting 
unsaturated  fatty  acids,  or  their  glycerides,  into  saturated 
compounds,'  alleged  that  the  defendants  were  infringing 
their  letters  patents,  and  they  claimed  an  injunction  and 
the  usual  ancillary  relief.  The  defendants  denied  the 
validity  of  the  letters  patent,  on  the  ground  that  N.'s  speci- 
fication did  not  sufficiently  describe  the  manner  in  which 
the  process  was  to  be  carried  out.  It  was  held  that  tie 
specification  was  insufficient  in  this  respect,  and  that  the 
action  failed."  It  is  obvious  that  a  dispute  about  such  a 
patent  must  have  involved  the  employment  of  experts — if 
only  to  explain  to  the  Court  the  meaning  of  the  technical 
words  used  ;  but  it  is  evident  that  in  the  view  of  the  learned 
Judge  the  experts  engaged  exceeded  their  functions.  In  the 
course  of  his  judgment  he  said  : — 

"  It  is  not  competent  in  any  action ''  for  witnesses  to  express 
their  opinion  upon  any  of  the  issues,  whether  of  law  or  fact,  which 
the  Court  or  a  jury  has  to  determine.  The  assistance  of  expert 
evidence  in  patent  actions  is  generally  essential.  It  is  required 
for  the  purpose  of  explaining  words,  or  terms  ot  science  or  art, 
appearing  in  the  documents,  or  to  inform  the  Court  in  case  the 
import  of  a  word  or  phrase  differs  from  its  popular  meaning. 
Further  than  this,  in  some  cases  it  is  impossible  for  the  Court  to 
understand  a  document  without  in  tr  iction  with  regard  to  the 
laws  of  the  science  with  which  the  patent  may  be  concerned,  with- 
out expert  assistance.  Moreover,  the  Court  cannot  inform  itself  as 
to  the  state  of  public  knowledge  with  regard  to  the  matters  in 
question  at  the  date  of  the  patent.  The  above  category  may  not, 
indeed,  be  exhaustive  ;  but  in  no  case,  in  my  judgment,  is  it  per- 


miBRible  to  seek  the  opinion  of  a  witnem  npon  any  of  th«  Imiu*  to 
the  action,  or  the  conittruction  of  any  document  relied  on.  Y<A 
I  believe  if  tbu  recordH  of  patent  actionH  during  the  la«t  20  j«an 
were  examined,  it  would  lie  foun<l  that  a  very  largi:  proprirtion  of 
their  contentH,  I  uhould  nay  at  lea«t  ninf:-t<»nth»,  i«  devoted  to 
(jueHtionH  which,  either  openly  or  under  more  or  1<im  rkilfnl 
disgniiie,  are  directed  to  eliciting  the  opinion  of  the  witnetmea  upon 
one  or  other  of  the  iHSuea  in  the  cohc.  »r  the  conitiuction  of  docn- 
mentu  relied  upon. 

.Anyone  who  has  \xmi\  concerned  in  a  patent  ciuic  will 
readily  admit  the  force  and  truth  of  these  observatioDS. 
The  expert  witness  necessarily  becomes  imbued  with  the 
merits  of  the  case  he  is  asked  to  support,  and  finds  it  liifficult 
to  avoid  the  expr(;s«ion  of  an  opinion  jih  to  whether  a 
particular  invention  has  or  has  not  l>cen  infringed  or 
anticipated.  But  while  it  is  easy  to  [X)int  out  the  symptoms 
of  a  disease,  it  is  not  always  easy  to  prescribe  a  remedy. 
Under  our  present  system  of  judicature  by  which  technical 
cases  of  the  highest  order  must  be  tried  before  a  tribunal 
which  may,  scientifically  speaking,  be  wholly  ignorant,  the 
assistance  of  exjjert  witnesses  is  essential.  For  some  reason 
which  is  difficult  to  explain,  the  judges  almost  invariably  refuse 
to  summon  a  scientific  assessor  whose  opinions  on  technical 
matters  would  be  of  the  utmost  value.  True,  the  parties 
to  a  patent  action  can  retain  the  services  of  counsel  who  have 
much  scientific  knowledge  ;  but  the  opinion  of  the  counsel 
is  only  argument  when  heard  in  court.  Some  of  us, 
perhaps,  may  live  to  see  the  day  when  there  will  be  a 
special  tribunal  for  the  determination  of  patent  cases  before 
which  the  services  of  expert  witnesses  may  be  entirely  dis- 
pensed with. 


Invention 
in  1912. 


TuE  annual  report  of  the  Comptroller- 
General  of  Patents  shows  that  among  the 
predominant  lines  in  which  there  was 
evidence  of  inventive  activity  during  1912  were  the 
following  : — Internal  combustion  engines  and  other  motor- 
car matters,  including  the  construction  of  small  dynamos 
for  motor-car  lighting  ;  life-saving  appliances  for  use  at  sea, 
inventive  ingenuity  apparently  being  markedly  encouraged 
by  the  Titanic  disaster  (means  for  preventing  collisions  and 
detecting  the  presence  of  ice,  also  arrangements  for  enabling 
wireless  signals  to  be  received  when  the  operator  is  off  duty 
are  mentioned  in  this  class) ;  and  automatic  telephone 
exchanges — especially  the  difficult  problems  of  junction  and 
trunk  line  working,  and  semi-automatic  and  other  methods 
for  facilitating  the  gradual  introduction  of  automatic 
systems.  Legislation  which  gave  rise  to  a  great  public  con- 
troversy also  led  inventors  to  find  new  appliances  for 
obviating  the  necessity  for  wholesale  stamp-licking  being 
carried  out  on  the  orthodox  lines  :  while  the 
public  appreciation  of  the  cinematograph  made  this 
comparatively  new  department  a  popular  one  among 
patentees.  In  regard  to  the  general  figures  of  the  year,  the 
number  of  applications  was  30,089,  as  compared  with  29,353 
in  the  previous  year  ;  provisional  specifications  were  19.825, 
and  complete  18,853,  while  15,814  were  sealed,  these 
figures  in  1911  being  19,524, 18,662  and  17,164  respectively. 
The  receipts  from  patents  fees  were  £293,529,  showing  an 
increase  of  £10,325  for  the  year.  In  designs  and  trade- 
mark fees  there  were  increases  of  £441  and  £3,36d 
respectively.  There  was  a  decrease  of  £379  in  the  sale  of 
Patent  Office  publications.  The  total  expenditure  on  behalf 
of  the  Office  showed  a  decrease  of  £3,140,  and  the  net 
financial  result  of  its  entire  operations  is  a  surplus  of  receipts 
over  expenditure  amounting  to  £131,627  ;  this  is  an  increase 
of  £16,896,  as  compared  with  the  1911  suiplus.  It  appears 
that  there  is  an  increase  in  the  number  of  applications 
received  from  the  United  Kingdom  and  from  Canada,  India 
and  the  West  Indies,  but  those  received  from  tbe  Australian 
Commonwealth,  New  Zealand  and  the  South  African  Union, 
showed  a  considerable  decrease.  In  respect  of  ten  foreign 
countries  (included  here  is  the  United  States),  there  were 
increases,  but  six  Continental  countries — Belgium,  France, 
Germany,  Hungary,  Russia  and  Sweden — sent  fewer  applica 
tions  than  in  1911. 


628 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.72.   No.  i,847,  April  is,  1913. 


ELECTRODES     FOR    ELECTRIC    FURNACES. 


By  G.  basil  BARHAM.  A.M.I.E.E 


For  some  reason  in  electric  farnace  work,  not  only  the 
actual  electrodes  tbemselves,  but  also  the  end  connections 
which  are  nse<l  tn  connect  the  cables  from  the  supply  to  the 
heatiiis:  resistance  are  frecjuently  termed  electrodes,  although 
this  term  could  only  be  applied  in  the  correct  sense  to  these 
terminals  when  the  resistance  was  of  an  electrolytic  nature, 
(ienerally  speaking,  the  name  is  given  to  the  carbon  or 
metal  bodies  whicli,  together  with  the  charge,  form  the 
primary  essentials  for  almost  every  form  of  electric  furnace 
yet  devised. 

The  best  material  for  electrodes  from  the  point  of  view 
of  conductivity  is  grapliite.  Usually  ordinary  carbon  is 
employed,  as  all  forms  of  carbon  decrease  in  resistance  as 
the  temperature  to  which  they  are  heated  increases,  being  in 
this  respect  the  exact  opposite  of  most  of  the  so-called  rare 
metals — such  as  those  used  for  lamp  filaments.  Carbon, 
further,  can  be  raised  to  a  higher  temperature  than  can  any 
other  substance  suitable  for  use  as  electrodes.  Unfortunately 
at  high  temperatures  it  will  readily  enter  into  combination 
with  certain  metals — tungsten  and  molybdenum  in  par- 
ticular— forming  carbides.  Carbon  electrodes  at  high 
temperatures  also  act  as  reducing  agents  unless  they 
are  properly  cooled,  and  it  may  be  said  that 
the  probleui  of  ettectively  cooling  electrodes  with- 
out allowing  heat  to  How  from  the  hot  end  of  the 
electrode  to  the  exterior  of  the  furnace  is  not  an  easy 
one  to  solve.  If  metal  electrodes  are  employed  in  order  to 
avoid  the  troubles  which  may  result  from  the  use  of  carbon, 
they  also  must  be  effectively  cooled  or  they  will  dissolve  or 
volatilise.  AVhen  metal  electrodes  are  used  it  is  customary 
to  form  them  of  similar  metal  to  that  about  to  be  treated, 
so  that  should  any  part  of  them  be  dissolved,  the  smelted 
metal  would  still  be  in  its  original  form  and  not  in  that  of 
an  alloy.  It  will  be  remembered  that  Ferranti,  Heroult  and 
Kjellin  devised  means  whereby  the  work  of  smelting  could 
be  carried  out  without  electrodes  or  without  such  electrodes 
as  were  used  coming  into  actual  contact  with  the  metal  which 
was  being  dealt  with. 

It  has  been  mentioned  that  one  method  of  preventing  the 
escape  of  heat  to  the  outside  of  the  furnace  is  by  cooling, 
but  it  will  be  evident  that  much  depends  on  the  proper  pro- 
portioning of  the  electrodes  themselves  to  the  current  which 
will  be  passed  through  them,  and  by  which  the  interior 
portion  is  raised  to  the  required  temperature.  This  question 
was  thoroughly  gone  into  a  short  time  ago,  and  it  was  found 
by  experiment  that  many  of  the  rules  formerly  used  for 
designing  electrodes  were  quite  incorrect.  It  was  proved 
that  current  density  was  not  a  determining  factor  in  the 
design  of  these  parts,  and  that  the  resistance  was  determined 
by  the  conditions  and  not  to  be  considered  as  merely  a  matter 
of  choice.  The  conditions  determine  either  the  length  or  the 
section  of  the  electrode,  and  it  is  only  the  ratio  of  the  section 
to  the  length  which  is  the  determined  factor.  Neither  the 
thermal  conductivity  nor  the  electrical  resistivity  is  a 
governing  factor,  but  it  is  their  product  and  quotient  which 
are  the  true  measures  of  the  (jualities  of  electrodes.  The 
(juotient  of  the  thermal  over  the  electrical  conductivity  is 
proved  to  determine  the  loss,  while  the  product  of  the  two 
resistivities  determines  the  proportions,  hence  it  is  not  neces- 
sary to  know  either  one  or  the  other  of  these  properties,  but 
only  their  quotient  and  product.  It  was  furthermore  shown 
that  these  are  more  easily  determined  than  the  others. 
These  two  quantities  lead  to  some  new  quantities  not  hitherto 
used,  but  by  means  of  which  the  calculations  of  electrodes 
become  simple  in  the  extreme.  These  two  quantities  are 
termed  the  loss  and  the  size  factors. 

Hering  has  tabulated  these  for  each  of  various  tempera- 
ture ranges.  The  loss  factor,  called  "  watts  per  ampere," 
when  multiplied  by  the  current,  will  give  the  loss  in  watte 
directly,  whilst  the  size  factor,  called  "  section  per  ampere 
per  sq.  in.  "  when  multiplied  by  the  current  and  by  the 
length,  gives  the  cr<  ss-section  in  sq.  inches. 

A  problciii.  which  has  been  the  subject  of  considerable 
attention,  has  been  in  regard  to  the  terminal  connections  to 
the  electrodes.      It  appears  useless  to  clamp  the  electrodet* 


into  metal  holders,  or  to  use  clamping  bands,  plates,  coup- 
lings or  caps.  The  metal  expands  much  more  than  does  the 
carbon  as  the  temperature  rises,  with  the  result  that  the 
metal  attachment  works  loose,  and  local  heating,  which  may 
have  disastrous  results,  sets  up.  A  metal  rod,  carrying  a 
terminal  attachment,  can  be  used  for  the  purpose,  one  end 
being  morticed  or  sunk  into  the  carbon  electrode.  It  is 
important,  however,  that  this  should  not  be  too  tight  a  fit, 
as  otherwise,  when  the  metal  expands,  it  will  burst  the  end 
of  the  carbon  rod  or  block.  In  one  form  of  terminal  a 
metal  rod,  which  is  enlarged  at  its  bottom  end,  is  passed 
into  a  hole  in  the  carbon  which  has  been  undercut  so  that 
whilst  it  is  large  inside,  the  mouth  of  the  hole  will  only 
just  permit  the  thickened  end  of  the  rod  to  pass.  When  the 
thick  end  of  the  rod  is  pushed  to  the  bottom  of  the  hole, 
thin  metal  plates  are  slipped  down  beside  it,  with  the  result 
that  when  an  attempt  is  made  to  withdraw  the  rod,  the 
plates  jam  it  in  place.  This  makes  a  sufficiently  good  elec- 
trical connection,  and  one  further  which  allows  of  expansion, 
the  metal  rod  sliding  slightly  down  the  inclined  plane  made 
by  the  metal  strips,  as  it  expands  under  the  heat  conducted 
through  the  electrode. 

Common  coke,  as  obtainable  at  any  gas  works,  is  quite 
suitable  for  electrodes  in  the  majority  of  circumstances,  and 
has  the  advantage  of  costing  but  little.  In  the  production 
of  calcium  carbide,  aluminium,  or  carborundum,  such  elec- 
trodes answer  the  purpose  admirably  in  every  way,  especially 
if  the  coke  is  first  picked  over,  and  the  light  and  uiore 
porous  portions  removed.  A  good  carbon  for  low-tension 
work  is  made  of  a  mixture  of  2.")  per  cent,  of  gas  coke,  and 
75  per  cent,  of  petroleum  coke.  This  latter  is  a  by-product 
of  the  oil  distilleries,  and  at  one  time  was  the  only  kind  that 
was  largely  used  in  the  manufacture  of  carbons  for  electrical 
purposes.  The  only  other  constituent  for  the  best  quality 
of  electrodes  is  pitch,  obtained  from  the  distillation  of  tar. 
A  common  pitch  obtained  from  blast  furnaces,  but  which  is 
far  from  pure,  being  contaminated  with  iron  compounds,  can 
be  used,  but  it  is  not  nearly  so  suitable.  At  the  same  time 
it  is  not  easy  to  get  the  desired  quality  of  pitch  from  the 
distilleries.  The  quality  depends  on  the  freedom  of  the 
pitch  from  anthracene  oils,  as  when  it  contains  these  it  is 
what  is  technically  termed  "  wet,"  an  expression  the  meaning 
of  which  is  self-evident.  To  get  it  properly  dry  all  the  oils 
must  be  driven  out,  and  few  still  owners  care  to  expose  their 
plant  to  the  high  temperatures,  which  have  to  be  kept  up 
for  a  long  period,  in  order  to  drive  off  the  whole  of  these 
oils. 

In  the  manufacture  of  electrodes  the  coke  is  first  crushed 
to  the  size  of  coarse  gravel,  after  which  it  is  heated  to  incan- 
descence in  a  sealed  retort,  which  is  provided  with  a 
few  vents  to  permit  occluded  gases  to  be  driven  off.  After 
withdrawal  from  the  retorts  the  coke  is  ground  to  fine 
powder  and  conveyed  into  storage  bins.  The  pitch  is  first 
broken  by  hand  and  then  passed  through  machines  which 
break  it  up  into  fine  granules.  The  coke  and  pitch  are  then 
accurately  mixed,  and  it  is  on  this  mixing  that  the  quality  of 
the  resultant  electrode  depends.  It  is  carried  out  in  a  cast- 
iron  cylinder  containing  an  independent  shaft,  which  is 
fitted  with  arms  which  drag  the  material  from  the  sides  of 
the  drum  as  fast  as  it  is  thrown  there  by  centrifugal  action, 
and  bring  it  back  to  the  centre.  After  undergoing  this 
treatment  for  some  time,  the  mixture  is  spread  out  and 
allowed  to  solidify,  after  which  it  is  again  broken  up  and 
pulverised  in  a  mill.  It  is  then  finally  pressed  into  moulds, 
which  are  the  shape  of  the  required  electrodes,  and  baked  to 
render  the  pitch-coated  particles  of  coke  thoroughly  adhesive. 
As  soon  as  the  required  degree  is  reached  the  mould  is  placed 
in  a  hydraulic  press,  and  a  pressure  of  several  hundred  tons 
brought  to  bear  upon  it. 


Electric  Laundry  Irons. — In  view  of  recent  corres- 
pondence on  the  subject  of  laundry  irons,  the  BniTisH  Prometheus 
Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Birmingham,  inform  us  that  they  are  now  mskingr  a 
speciality  of  a  new  type  of  laundry  iron,  which  has  been  expressly 
desired  to  obviate  the  defects  mentioned.  They  are  so  confident 
of  the  utility  and  lon^r  life  of  this  iron  that  they  are  willing-  to 
submit  samples  for  approval  to  laundry  enfrineers,  some  of  whom 
have  already  tested  them  with  <x<mplete  satisfaction.  The 
fn>&>^nt6ed  life  of  the  new  Prometheus  laundry  iron  i»  three  years. 


Vol.  Vi.     No.  1,H17,  A)'HIL  IS,   l!»l:i. 


THE    ELKCTRICAL    Ub^VIKW. 


029 


THE    LIGHTING    OF    SMALL    COUNTRY 
HOUSES. 


Bv  J.  CALDWELL. 

It  is  now  j;enerally  ixHXJf^nised  that  electric  lif^hting  cannot 
be  snrpusseil  for  use  in  larf,'e  country  houses,  and  in  the 
technical  Press  many  interesting  descriptions  of  extensive 
installations  for  electric  li}i;hting  and  power  duty  appear 
from  time  to  time. 

The  expense  of  carrying  out  such  comprehensive  schemes 
is,  however,  considerable,  and  often  exceeds  avei'agc  re(|uire- 
ments  in  tlie  country  where  castles  and  large  mansions — 
many  of  which  are  already  provided  with  electric  light — 
form  a  very  small  proportion  of  the  residences  where  the  in- 
stallation of  private  lighting  plants  is  now  being  considered. 

It  is  in  these  small  or  moderate-sized  country  houses  that 
one  sees  the  keen  rivalry  between  petrol  air  gas  and  electri- 
city for  supremacy.  The  exponents  of  each  system  endeavour 
to  convince  the  prospective  customer  as  to  the  advantages  of 
their  system,  and  also  to  give  all  information  of  disadvantages 
and  dangers,  whether  real  or  non-existent,  that  are  reported 
regarding  the  rival  system.  Figures  are  given  to  prove  the 
superiority  and  wonderful  economy  of  either  illuminant,  and 
as  these  particulars  are  often  misleading  with  reference  to 
the  standards  of  comparjson  they  prove  damaging  to  botli 
systems,  as  the  customer  ultimately  finds  out  the  true  facts 
for  himself,  and  although  the  results  of  work  may  be  entirely 
satisfactory,  they  prove  disappointing  in  view  of  previous 
assurances. 

Both  illuminants  are  particularly  satisfactory  and  elli- 
cient,  and  can  claim  to  be  convenient,  cheap  and  simple  to 
operate  when  compared  with  oil  lamps,  coal  or  acetylene  gas. 
Electrical  plants  have  already  proved  durable  and  leliable  in 
the  performance  of  their  duty,  and  although  petrol  air  gas 
plants  have  not  yet  ceased  to  get  out  of  gear  periodically,  it 
may  be  expected  that  this  trouble  will  soon  be  eliminated 
when  manufacturers  realise  the  advisability  of  increasing  the 
strength  and  improving  the  design  of  the  machine  parts 
with  a  view  to  providing  efficient  service  rather  than  cheap 
equipments. 

Hereunder  we  give  comparatiAc particulars  of  two  existing 
typical  installations  of  petrol  gas  and  electric  light.  These 
were  erected  two  and  four  years  ago  respectively,  and  are 
chosen  from  amongst  installations  representing  the  nearest 
similar  capacity  and  duty  in  which  the  writer  is  interested. 
The  gas  plant  has  practically  no  storage  accommodation,  but 
operates  automatically  to  supply  the  lighting  demand, 
where  s  the  ulectric  plant  has  a  storage  battery  which  is 
charged  for  a  few  hours  each  day,  and  a  longer  period  on 
Saturdays  in  winter,  but  less  frequently  in  summer  months. 
The  maximum  capacity  of  the  gas  plant  is  100  burners, 
whilst  the  electric  plant  when  working  under  the  same  con- 
ditions with  combined  supply  from  dynamo  and  battery 
could  be  connected  to  82  lamps  for  10  hours  and  a  maxi- 
mum of  112  lamps  for  one  hour  without  recharging  the 
battery. 

These  conditions,  however,  do  not  occur  in  usual  practice, 
and  the  average  number  of  lamps  in  use  at  any  one  time  in 
the  two  small  installations  under  consideration  does  not 
exceed  from  30  to  50  lights. 

Petrol  Air  Gas. — The  necessary  quantity  of  petrol  is 
introduced  into  a  tank  in  the  generator  containing  water, 
which  is  aerated  by  a  revolving  stirrer  during  admission  of 
the  spirit ;  petrol  air  gas  is  emitted  and  distributed  to 
burners  throughout  the  house  by  pressure  obtained  from  a 
weighted  gas-holder  fitted  to  the  machine.  The  correct 
proportion  of  petrol  admitted  to  the  tank  is  measured  in  a 
small  bucket  placed  inside  the  generator,  which  admits  the 
desired  quantity  into  the  water,  depending  on  the  rate  of  gas 
consumption.*  The  distributing  pipes  are  made  of  iron  or 
block  tin,  sufficiently  large  to  pass  the  requisite  amount  of 

*  In  other  air  g:as  machines  the  petrol  is  contained  in  a  small 
closed  storag'e  tank,  from  which  it  is  automatically  passed  into  a 
carburetter,  when  it  is  brought  into  intimate  contact  with  air  which 
has  been  dried  by  means  of  calcium  chloride  and  is  drawn  throug-h 
the  carburetter  by  a  small  pnmp.  The  carburetter  consists  of  a 
series  of  pipes  arranged  in  zigzag  form,  and  the  petrol  when 
admitted  is  pai^sed  throngrh  wire  gauze,  where  it  is  broken  up  into 
fine  particles  and  mixed  with  the  dried  air. 


gaH  to  the  bnrriunj  without  low)  of  pnMnre,  and  tuf*  art:  <yin- 
nccted  Ui  the;  bottom  of  verti<a»l  pifK-H  an  found  adNifable  t*) 
drain  away  any  condciiHed  water  that  accumnlatCM.  The 
initial  cost  of  this  iiiHLalliition  was  lui  followH  : — 


Oonorating  plant  with  a':c»'HHorieti 
Piping,  j:c.,  in  houxc    ... 
I'ittingM  ... 


£102   10     0 

»i3     0     0 

0     0     0 


£if>n  10   0 

Klectrir  Lij/hlinfj. — The  generating  and  storage  plant  i« 
accomm(Mlate<i  in  an  outhouse,  and  consistfi  of  a  petrfd- 
paradin  engine  direct  coupled  to  a  shunt-wound  dynamo 
with  switchljoard  and  a  storage  battery. 

The  "  Rational  "  engine,  manufactun;d  by  the  Heatley 
Oresham  Engineering  Co.,  \,U\.,  develops  !■*;  ii.n.i'.  at 
constant  working  load,  with  fuel  consumption  of  -h  pint  [ler 
H.H.r-hour,  on  paraffin  fuel  having  a  specific  gravitv  of  •^i.'i 
at  G2^  F. 

The  engine  is  fitted  with  magneto  ignition,  and  when 
started  cold,  is  run  on  petrol  until  the  vaporiser  is  sufficiently 
heated — in  about  five  minutes — to  allow  of  paraffin  being 
used. 

The  interconnecting  pipes  between  the  engine,  oil  and  water 
tanks  and  exhaust  silencer  are  laid  in  trenches  in  the  floor 
neatly  covered  with  checker  plating  fitted  with  iron  frames. 

The  dynamo  gives  tO  amperes,  2."i-4()  volts  at  HOO  K.r.M., 
and  is  mounted  with  the  engine  on  a  combined  Vx.'d-plate. 

The  switt'hboard  is  recessed  into  the  partition  wall 
between  the  engine  and  battery  rooms,  thus  providing  easy 
connection  to  the  cells,  whilst  the  back  of  the  switchboard  is 
enclosed  as  a  protection  against  acid  fumes. 

The  battery,  made  by  the  Chloride  Electric  Storage  Co., 
consists  of  14  cells  capable  of  supplying  32  IG-C.P.  metal- 
filament  lamps  continuously  for  10  hours. 

Wiring,  <i  v. — Bitumen  cables,  contained  in  wood  troughing 
filled  in  with  pitch  and  covered  with  tiles,  are  laid  under- 
ground from  switchboard  to  house  and  two  avenue  lights. 

The  branch  wiring  throughout  the  house  is  of  V.I.R. 
2,500-megohm  grade  conductors  contained  in  solid-drawn 
steel  tubes  sunk  behind  walls  and  ceilings. 

The  work  was  carried  out  by  Messrs.  Steel  &  "Wilson, 
Glasgow,  to  the  specification  of  .James  E.  Savers  &  Caldwell, 
Glasgow,  and  the  total  cost  is  summarised  below  : — 

Generating  and  storage  plant 

Switchboard  and  connections  ...         

Underground  cables      

Wiring  for  68  lamps  and  62  switches 

74  metal- filament  lamps 

Alterations  and  extras  ... 

Fittings 

£207  15     2 

The  fittings  for  gas  and  electric  light  are  not  included  in 
the  above  comparative  costs,  as  the  amount  spent  on  these 
depends  on  the  design  and  class  of  fittings  selected,  which 
varied  in  both  these  installations. 

The  gas  consumption  for  each  burner  is  9  cb.  ft.  per 
hour.  Petrol  of  "68  specific  gravity  at  ()2  F.  as  recom- 
mended by  the  makers  of  the  gas  plant  is  at  present  2s.  Id. 
per  gallon,  and  as  this  quantity  generates  1,300  cb.  ft.  of 
gas,  the  cost  of  petrol  per  1,000  cb.  ft.  will  be  Is.  8d.         ' 

To  start  the  engine,  petrol  of  -825  specific  gravity  is  used 
which  can  now  be  obtained  at  Is.  4d.  per  gallon,  and 
paraffin  for  7d.  per  gallon,  equivalent  to  an  average  fuel 
cost  of  8d.  per  gallon.  As  '2  gallon  of  fuel  is  required 
per  B.H.r.-hour,  which  is  equivalent  to  about  "3  gallon  per 
unit,  the  oil  required  per  U;-c.p.  lamp  will  be  "006  gallon 
per  hour. 

It  is  difficult  to  obtain  reliable  information  for  intelligent 
comparison  of  the  upkeep  of  these  respective  plants  on  the 
same  basis,  but  if  we  assume  that  30  lamps  are  in  use  for 
1,500  hours  per  annum,  the  annual  charges  will  be  : — 

Petrol  Air  Gas.— 30    x    1,500    x    9   =  405,000  cb.  ft.  gas  at 

Is.  8d.  =  £:?.•?  Us.  8d. 
Electric  Lighting.— 30   x    1,500  X  '006  =  1*70  gallons  fuel  at 

8d.  =  £9. 

The  proprietors  of  both  plants  have  indicated  that  the 
accounts  for  petrol  and  oil  during  the  last  six  months 
(Septeml)er  to  March,  1913),  which  include  the  rtarke.'t 
days  of  the  year,  were  .£24  for  the  petrol-gas  plai  t  and  t'l'. 
for  the  electric  plant,  so  that  it  may  be  as.eumed  that  the 
above  figures  are  sul^stantiallv  correct. 


£90  12 

9 

17     0 

0 

11  11 

0 

.-.7  16 

0 

9     5 

0 

11   10 

5 

10     0 

0 

680 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.        [Voi.  72,  no.  i,847,  aVbil  is,  1913. 


FILING    ARTICLES    FROM    TECHNICAL 
JOURNALS. 


By  "  WHISTLEFIELD," 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

Letteri  received  by  *u  after  6  P.M.  ON  Tuesday  cannot  appear  until 
the  follewiitf  week.  Qn-retpondentt  tkould  forward  their  communi- 
catioru  at  the  earliett  poitible  mom«Td.  No  letter  can  be  publithed 
tmleti  toe  have  the  torUer^i  name  and  addreti  in  our  pottettion. 


Anyone  who  has  made  a  practice  of  keeping  his  technical 

journals  for  future  reference  soon  finds  that  the  pile  begins 
to  assume  unwieldy  proportions,  and  when  any  aiticle  is 
wanted,  it  is  a  very  ditticult  and  often  times  dusty  business 
to  lay  hands  on  it. 

There  is  so  much  that  is  of  purely  momentary  interest  in 
most  papers,  that  it  is  not  worth  the  expense  of  binding 
them  even  if  the  amount  of  room  required  for  storing  the 
volumes  was  not  a  consideration.  To  make  a  neat  job  of  a 
scrap  book  requires  two  copies  of  each  paper  to  be  bought, 
otherwise  pages  which  are  gummed  down  one  side,  or  along 
the  top  to  allow  the  letterpress  on  both  sides  of  the  page  to 
be  visible,  will  become  torn  in  handling.  In  addition  to 
the  trouble  of  cutting  out  and  mounting,  is  the  further  one 
of  indexing,  and  unless  the  reader  is  of  more  than  ordinary 
methodical  habits,  and  has  more  time  than  he  knows  what 
to  do  with,  the  scrap  l)ook  is  sure  to  get  behind  and 
degenerate  into  a  folder  full  of  torn-out  pages  without 
method  or  index. 

Another  way  is  to  take  out  the  pages  containing  the 
letterpress  that  is  wanted,  score  out  with  blue  or  red  pencil 
the  columns  not  required  and  bind  the  whole  pages  in  some 
form  of  clip  file  or  spring-back  folder,  numbering  each  page 
with  blue  pencil  for  the  purpose  of  indexing. 

This  method  is  an  improvement  on  the  scrap-book  from 
the  time-saving  point  of  view,  but  does  not  get  over  the 
difficulty  of  indexing,  and  unless  the  indexing  is  thorough 
and  well  done,  the  usefulness  of  the  file  is  greatly  reduced. 

The  following  method  for  dealing  with  articles  and  other 
interesting  matter  published  in  the  Electrfcal  Reviem'  is 
one  which  works  well  and  requires  so  little  time  to  keep  up 
to  date  that  perhaps  it  may  prove  of  interest  to  those  who 
have  not  yet  got  a  working  system. 

A  Stolzenberg  or  other  similar  file,  foolscap  size,  with  a 
loose  flap,  so  that  the  first  paper  filed  always  remains  on  top, 
is  procured,  and  each  week  every  page  of  the  Review  which 
has  anything  of  permanent  value  is  torn  out  and  inserted  in 
the  file,  care  being  taken  that  the  numbers  of  the  pages  run 
consecutively — that  is,  if  pages  300,  304  and  310  are  kept 
one  week,  they  are  filed  in  the  order  given. 

In  the  first  or  second  week  of  January  and  July  there  is  a 
very  complete  index  of  the  contents  of  the  paper  for  the 
previous  six  months,  published  as  a  supplement  to  that 
week's  issue  ;  this  is  removed  intact,  and  placed  in  front  of 
the  file  containing  all  the  pages  referred  to  in  that  index. 

All  the  articles  retained  and  filed  are  now  underlined  in 
ink  in  the  index,  and,  of  course,  the  page  number  given  in 
the  index  corresponds  with  the  number  on  the  page  filed, 
and  these  numbers  run  in  consecutive  order  in  the  file.  A 
careful  examination  of  the  index  will  also  show  if  any  papers 
of  value  have  been  overlooked,  and  these  can  now  be  added 
to  the  file,  and  the  remains  of  the  issues  destroyed. 

It  does  not  take  more  than  half  an  hour  every  six  months 
by  this  method  to  get  a  completely  indexed  useful  file  of 
technical  data  ;  and  as  the  Review  index  is  grouped  under 
sub-headings  also,  the  system  is  as  thorough  as  one  could 
wish  for. 

The  same  method,  of  course,  could  be  adopted  with  regard 
to  the  articles  of  any  periodical  which  issues  an  index  to 
each  volume. 


Anglo-German   Exhibition  in  London.— From  May 

to  October,  1913,  there  will  be  an  Au^lo-German  Exhibition  in 
pro(rre88  at  the  Crystal  Palace.  We  have  received  a  copy  of  a 
pamphlet  prepared  for  the  instruction  of  prospective  exhibitors, 
and  full  particulars  can  be  obtained  from  the  administrators  of  the 
Exhibition,  Empire  House,  176  and  17G,  Piccadilly,  London.  W. 
The  list  of  exhibits  includes  machinery  and  tools  ;  lif^htinp,  elec- 
tricity, (TM,  &c.  ;  mining  ;  transport,  railways,  tramways,  4c. 
Money  prizes,  Bggreghting  £2,500,  are  to  be  awarded  for  the  best 
decorated  stands.  There  will  be  an  Ani^Io-Oennan  club  in  the 
grounds,  and  various  sports  and  other  amusements  will  be  arranged 
for.  One  of  the  great  objects  of  the  promoters  will  be  to  cultivate 
B  more  friendly  feeling  between  the  two  nations. 


Failure  to  Excite. 

In  reply  to  "  Speedbmeter's  "  letter  on  the  above  subject 
in  yonr  issue  of  .■Xpril  4  th,  I  would  suggest  that  the  trouble 
is  due  to  the  shunt  winding  being  reversed. 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  a  shunt  wound  generator  will 
only  excite,  if  the  field  winding  is  so  connected  that  current 
generated  in  the  armature  assists  the  residual  magnetism, 
and  builds  up  the  field. 

To  find  if  this  is  the  cause  of  the  trouble,  the  generator 
should  be  run  in  the  reverse  direction.  Should  the  machine 
still  fail  to  excite  it  will  be  due  to  the  field  being  totally 
demagnetised,  or  slightly  magnetised  in  the  wrong  polarity. 

The  machine  should  be  run  for  a  short  period  as  a  shunt 
motor,  after  which  if  it  is  run  in  the  opposite  direction  as  a 
generator,  it  cannot  fail  to  excite. 

H.  P.  Bramwell. 

Glasgow,  Ajjiil  nth,  1918. 

[We  must  point  out  that  a  shunt  machine  runs  in,  the 
same  direction  whether  as  motor  or  as  generator.  Still,  Mr. 
Bramwell  may  have  put  his  finger  on  the  trouble  ;  possibly 
"  Speedometer  "  drove  the  machine  in  the  wrong  direction. — 
Eds.  E.R.] 


LoDg-Scale  Instruments! 

My  attention  has  l:>een  drawn  by  several  friends  to 
advertisements  and  descriptions  in  various  electrical  journals 
of  the  long-range  ammeters  and  voltmeters  of  Messrs. 
Record  &  Co.,  and  I  would  ask  your  kind  permission  to 
express  my  view  with  regard  to  long-range  instruments 
generally. 

In  this  expression  I  do  not  desire  to  reflect  in  any  sense 
on  the  design  of  the  instruments  of  I^Iessrs.  Record. 
Writing  purely  from  a  personal  point  of  view,  I  wish  the 
firm  success  in  their  endeavour.  There  is,  however,  another 
aspect  of  this  matter  that  must  be  taken  into  consideration, 
and  it  is  this  :  that  others  also  are  manufacturing  long- 
range  instruments. 

I  think  engineers  will  realise  that  the  instruments  now 
manufactured  by  Messrs.  Record  &  Co.  are  essentially  of  the 
same  type  as  those  made  as  long  ago  as  1895  by  Messrs. 
Muirhead  &  Co.,  and  more  recently  by  Messrs.  Gambrell 
and  Co. 

It  is  not  pleasing  to  me  to  have  to  write  in  this  strain, 
but  in  justice  to  others  now  making  these  meters,  it  is  well 
that  your  readers  should  know  how  the  matter  stands.  I 
will  be  brief. 

For  the  long-range  type  of  meter,  letters  patent  were 
granted  to  me  in  1893.  This  type  was  subsequently 
described  in  a  paper  before  the  Physical  Society  of  London, 
February  10th,  1899.  Descriptions  appeared  also  in  the 
Philosophical  Magazine  for  August,  1899,  and  in  text-books 
and  electrical  journals.  The  instruments  appeared  in 
various  forms,  but  all  had  scales  varying  in  length  from 
220'  to  295'  of  arc. 

A  long-range  instrament  was  patented  also  by  Mr.  W.  P. 
Thompson  in  1897  (No.  22,851)  having  a  range  of  270°  of 
arc.  There  is,  therefore,  nothing  novel  in  long  ranges. 
Letters  patents  were  granted  to  Mr.  Record  in  1912,  Nob. 
3,454,  26,241  and  20,242. 

The  range  of  one  of  the  1898  meters  is  shown  in  fig.  1. 
It  is  in  degrees,  being  an  instrument  designed  for  laboratory 
purposes.  The  length  is  240"  of  arc.  The  figure  is  taken 
from  Messrs.  Muirhead's  catalogue. 

Moreover,  the  1893  instrument  waa  by  no  means  the  first 
meter  possessing  a  long  range.  Prior  to  this  there  existed  a 
French  instrument  of  a  similar  type  designed,  I  believe,  by 
M.  Carpentier.  I  was  not  aware  of  this  till  1899,  when 
Prof.  Ayrton  sent  me  a  sketch  of  it  drawn  to  scale.  I  can- 
not now  put  my  hand  on  this,  but  my  recollection  is  that  the 
scale  length  was  250"  of  arc  at  least. 

Mr.  Record  makes  a  claim  in  one  of  his  specifications  for 
the  "  ring-shaped  "  pole-piece.    The  "  ring,"  however,  is  as 


Voi.7a.  No.  M47,iPBii,i8,  1013.J       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


681 


essential  feature  of  all  the  1803  instruments,  as  well  as  the 
Thompson  instrument  of  ]H!)7.  Fi^s.  2,  :j  and  4  show  the 
pole-pieces  of  the  three  meters.  Fip.  2  is  taken  from  Mr. 
.\8pinall  Parr's  book  ;  fip.  3  is  from  the  Thompson  patent 
specification,  and  lif?.  t  is  from  the  Record  patent  specifica- 
tion No  2(1,242  of  1!I12.  All  these  possess  the  "ring- 
shaped  "  pole-piece,  and  all  have  long  ranges. 

Mr.  Record,  in  one  of  your  contemporaries  (Ehrlririhj, 
.January  10th,  1!)13),  quite  rightly  lays  stress  on  the  plan 
of  making  two  sides  of  hia  moving  coil  active,  and  then 
makes  a  comparison  with  the  IH'.t.S  instrument,  in  which  only 


THE    PREVENTION     OF    ACCIDENTS    IN 
ELECTRIC    LIFTS. 


U)  '^5  b 


one  side  was  active.  He  will  find,  however,  on  referring  to 
the-  r/iilosop/iical  3fntjaziiif  for  August,  1H90,  that  I  had 
arranged  for  the  active  use  of  even  three  sides  of  the  coil. 
Fig.  T)  is  a  reproduction  of  a  cut  published  in  that  journal. 

Again,  in  Mr.  Record's  patent  specification  the  formation 
of  a  gap  in  one  of  the  pole  pieces,  with  the  object  of  avoid- 
ing waste  of  magnetic  flux  at  a  certain  area  not  swept 
through  by  the  moving  coil,  is  raised  to  the  dignity  of  a 
claim.  This  gap,  as  every  engineer  would  see  at  once,  is 
purely  a  constructional  necessity.  In  one  of  the  forms  of 
the  IHOS  meters,  owing  to  its  particular  construction,  that 
same  gap  was  used,  and  is  shown  in  the  Philosophical 
Maijoziiif  for  August,  ]8;)9,  page  205.  The  gap  is  such  an 
obvious  necessity  that  one  is  somewhat  astonished  that  it 
could  ever  have  been  thought  of  as  a  sufficient  basis  for  a 
claim  in  a  patent  specification. 

Benjamin  Davics. 

Enfield,  April  nth,  1913. 


Electric  Laundry  Irons. 

It  was  with  great  interest  that  we  read  the  remarks  con- 
tained in  your  columns  last  week  by  "  Ironical." 

We  have  had  considerable  experience  in  electric,  domestic 
and  laundry  irons,  and  we  have  tried  all  the  well-known 
makes,  but  cannot  find  one  that  will  give  satisfaction  for 
any  length  of  time. 

The  troubles  we  experience  are  either  the  copper  contact 
loosening  inside  the  iron  from  the  element,  which  seems  to 
lose  its  nature  by  the  close  proximity  of  the  heat,  or  the 
pins  connecting  the  cable  connector  lose  their  tension  and 
continually  have  to  be  renewed. 

The  flexible  wire  immediately  on  leaving  the  connector  in 
a  very  short  time  frays  and  the  rubber  perishes  and  short 
circuits  occurs  if  these  are  not  attended  to  periodically. 

We  have  tried  all  kinds  of  flex  with  the  exception  of  brass 
flexible  mentioned  by  your  correspondent,  and  we  certainly 
think  there  is  a  vast  amount  of  room  for  some  heating  firm 
to  devote  their  greatest  attention  to  put  on  the  market  an 
electric  iron  that  will  get  over  this  difficulty. 

We  shall  be  pleased  to  hear  from  any  makers  that  they 
are  in  a  position  to  supply  us  with  these  goods  when  the 
troubles  complained  of  have  been  overcome. 


J.  E.  Lester  &  Folwell. 


Leicester. 


Majcnetie  Survey. — The  Terrestrial  Magnetism  Depart- 
ment of  the  Carnegie  Isstitnte  is  beginnings  a  magnetic  survey  of 
New  South  Wales,  which  will  be  linked  up  with  Dr.  Maweon'e  work 
in  Adelie  Land, 


[CCMMUNICATKO.] 

A  coNsiDKUAiiM.  number  of  cases  which  have  rff-ently 
occurred  where  passengers  in  electric  lifts  have  been  killed 
or  injured  has  led  t^)  a  stirring  of  interest  in  the  ')ue8tion  of 
the  safety  or  otherwise  of  the  electric  lift,  and  it  may,  there- 
fore, be  worth  while  reviewing  very  liriefly  the  c/^juditions  of 
the  problem  and  the  means  which  are  adopted  in  order  Ui 
secure  as  far  as  possible  the  safety  of  those  using  the  lifts. 

Considering,  first  of  all,  the  method  of  control,  the  electri*- 
lift  is  operated  either  by  hand  rope,  a  switch  in  the  (Mge  <>r 
push  buttons,  and  in  each  case  there  is  the  liability  to  trouble 
unless  suitable  means  of  securing  wifety  are  provided. 
Further,  in  any  type  of  lift,  especially  where  high  speeds 
are  adopted,  there  arc  dangers  which  can  only  be  overcome 
by  most  accurate  controls,  preferably  of  an  automatic  nature. 
For  example,  it  is  very  difficult  to  bring  a  high-.speed  lift 
accurately  to  rest  in  its  proper  position  in  line  with  the  land- 
ing, and  it  is  easy  to  see  that  a  diiference  of  an  inch  or  two 
might,  under  certain  circumstances,  make  the  owner  of  the 
lift  liable  for  any  accident  caused  to  passengers  or  intending 
passengers.  Again,  on  a  high-speed  lift,  unless  automatii; 
means  for  slowing  down  and  .stopping  the  lift  at  the  top  and 
bottom  of  its  travel  aro  installed,  there  is  the  danger  that  it 
might  slightly  overrun  its  path  and  cause  damage  either  to 
the  cage,  the  supports  or  the  passengers.  Due  provision  must 
also  be  made  against  the  breakage  of  the  rope,  the  failure  of 
the  motor  or  the  brakes  and  any  mechanical  or  electrical 
breakdown  which  would  interfere  with  the  safety  and  con- 
venience of  working. 

A  most  important  and  serious  class  of  accident  arises  in 
connection  with  the  gates.  If  adequate  precaution  is  not 
taken  to  have  these  properly  closed  when  the  cage  is  not  in 
position  on  the  landing,  there  is  the  danger  of  a  passenger 
falling  <lovvn  the  shaft  or  meeting  the  top  of  the  gateway 
while  the  cage  is  rising,  and  thereby  suffering  severe 
injury.  To  ensure  safety,  automatic  means  must  be 
devised  for  the  closing  of  gates  before  the  cage  begins  to 
'  move  away  from  the  landing,  and  it  is  towards  this  point 
that  a  great  degree  of  attention  has  been  directed. 

Considering,  for  the  moment,  the  problem  raised  in  the 
former  series  of  possibilities,  it  may  be  pointed  out  that 
strain  on  the  ropes,  over-running  and  similar  troubles  can 
be  overcome  by  means  of  a  suitable  method  of  electrical 
control.  The  method  of  starting  and  stopping  the  lift  by 
hand  rope  is,  of  course,  the  simplest  and  least  costly,  and 
can  be  applied  either  by  hand  ropes  passing  through  the 
cage  and  controlled  by  an  attendant,  or  by  one  rope  passing 
through  the  cage  and  one  rope  placed  outside  the  lift  shaft 
altogether,  and  controlled  by  anyone  desiring  to  use  the  lift. 
Safety  is  assured  with  this  latter  system,  provided  that  the 
cage  is  fitted  with  barrier  gates  which  either  lock  the  start- 
ing rope  mechanically  or  are  electrically  interlocked  to  pre- 
vent the  cage  from  being  started  when  loading  or  unloading 
is  taking  place.  Where  the  lift  is  controlled  by  means  of 
a  reversing  switch  in  the  cage,  terminal  blocks  are  usually 
fixed  one  in  the  cage  and  the  other  half  way  up  the  shaft,  tc 
which  is  attached  a  multiple  wire  cable  connecting  the  switch 
to  the  controlling  apparatus,  which  operates  electro- 
magnetically.  and  is  designed  to  effect  a  smooth  starting 
and  stopping  of  the  cage  at  landings  with  the  ordinary 
movement  of  the  handle  by  the  attendant,  while,  at  the  same 
time,  the  motor  and  apparatus  are  protected  against  break- 
downs, even  on  heavy  or  frequent  service,  by  good  and  sub- 
stantial design  and  construction.  At  the  top  and  bottom 
landings  automatic  stopping  is  provided. 

In  the  case  of  push-button  control  it  is  customary  either 
to  use  a  panel  of  buttons  at  each  floor,  enabling  the  cage  to 
be  dispatched  from  any  one  floor  to  any  other  floor  from 
either  inside  or  outside  the  cage  ;  or  alternatively,  there  is 
only  a  single  button  at  each  floor,  enabling  the  cage  to  be 
brought  to  that  floor  by  touching  the  button  and  dispatched 
to  any  other  floor  from  the  inside  of  the  cage  only.  In 
addition  to  the  push-button  panel  in  the  cage  containing  the 
corresponding  push  buttons  of  the  floors,  there  is  also  a 
lighting  switch  and  emergency  stop,  while  the  control 
apparatus  for  starting,  reversing  and  stopping  the  motor  is 


632 


THE    ELECTEICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  72.  No.  i,847,  apbil  is,  1913 


lixed  near  the  machine  itself.  'J'he  emergency  switches  are 
actuated  automatically  if  for  any  reason  the  cage  overruns 
the  top  or  bottom  levels.  Keference  was  made  above  to  the 
]iossibility  of  the  main  roj^es  failinj:,  and  this  is  overcome 
by  usini:  dn])licate  adjustable  slack  additional  wire  ro]»e  to 
arrest  the  cage  and  the  balance  in  the  c\ent  of  the  main 
tight  ropes  failing  ;  while  in  some  cases  Siifety  aj>paratu8  is 
adopted,  which  arrests  and  grips  the  cage  tightly  in  the  event 
of  failure  or  undue  stretching  of  any  of  the  hoisting  ropes. 

The  most  likely  form  of  trouble  is  in  connection  with  the 
gates,  and  various  designs  of  collapsible  and  swinging  gates 
have  been  protluced,  in  order  to  avoid  accident.  Inter- 
locking between  the  cage  and  the  gate  is  essential,  and  may 
be  accomplished  cither  mechanicsilly  or  electrically.  A  con- 
struction very  frequently  adopted  depends  on  the  grip  which 
is  obtained  on  the  hand  starting  rope.  This  is  adaptable 
to  all  hand  rope-o])erated  lifts  ;  and  as  one  hand  rope  can  be 
fixed  out-side  the  gate  and  one  in  the  cage,  it  is  not  necessary 
to  reach  through  the  gate  to  start  the  lift.  The  gate  is 
automatically  locked  across  the  ojjening  when  the  cage  is 
away,  and  it  can  only  be  opened  by  hand  to  admit  of  entrance 
to  the  cage  when  the  cage  is  stopped  approximately  level 
with  the  t\x)T.  When  the  cage  is  stopped  on  any  floor  the 
handle  of  the  rope  grip  is  moved  to  a  horizontJil  position 
in  front  of  the  collapsed  gate,  and,  at  tlie  ssime  time,  it  grips 
the  starting  roj*  on  the  inside,  preventing  tlie  lift  from 
being  started  from  either  the  inside  or  outside.  AVhen  the 
rope  grip  is  released  the  gate  automatically  closes  across  the 
opening,  and  automatically  locks.  Another  useful  locking 
device  in  connection  with  rope  control  n\ay  be  mentioned. 
Occasionally  a  lift  is  o\erloaded  and  refuses  to  rise  wlien 
jiower  is  applied.  Someone  ste|is  out  to  lighten  the  load, 
but,  before  he  win  get  entirely  clear,  the  relieved  cage  starts 
away,  and  a  serious  accident  results.  Moreover,  the  cage 
may  have  been  jiroperly  stopped,  but  it  is  operated  by  the 
hand-rope  method  of  control  :  and  if  any  part  of  the  hand 
rope  is  accessible  from  another  floor,  a  [jerson  other  than 
the  attendant  could  incautiously  start  the  cage  wliile  a 
jia^senger  was  entering  or  leaving.  I n  order  to  overcome 
this  trouble,  a  hinged  barrier  bar  can  be  coupled  to  a  rope 
gripper.  When  the  cage  is  in  motion  the  bar  lies  across  the 
doorway  of  the  cage  and  the  gripper  is  free.  (Jn  stopping 
the  lift,  however,  no  person  can  enter  or  leave  the  cage  nntil 
the  bar  is  raised  out  of  the  way,  and  this  opening  of  the  bar 
simultaneously  closes  the  grip  on  the  hand  rope  and  locks 
it  in  the  closed  or  standing  position.  It  therefore  follows 
that  as  long  as  the  bar  is  open  the  lift  cannot  be  started, 
and  passage  int<j  and  out  of  the  cage  is  automatically  ren- 
dered safe,  iloreover,  as  the  bar  must  be  closed  to  release 
the  hand  rope,  no  jjerson  can  pass  while  the  power  is  on, 
even  though  it  is  standing  owing  to  overloading.  If  the 
bar  is  improperly  raised  while  the  lift  is  travelling  either  up 
or  down  the  jwwer  is  automatically  cut  off  and  the  lift  is 
brontrht  to  rest. 

An  alternative  form  of  interlocking  is  an  electrical  one, 
which  is  suitable  for  electric  lifts  operated  either  on  the  push- 
button control,  s^itch-in-cage  control,  oi'  hand-rope  i»ntrol. 
This  type  of  gate  is  hand-opened  and  closed,  and  only  with 
the  lifts  having  the  switch-in-cage  control  is  an  atten- 
dant necessary.  Ka(;h  gate  is  provided  with  an  electric 
switch,  and  all  these  swi'x;hes  are  connected  to  the  con- 
trolling apparatus,  so  that  the  lift  cannot  be  started  until 
every  gate  in  the  lift  shaft  is  closed  across  the  opening  when 
the  cage  is  away,  and  no  gate  can  be  opened  until  the  lift  is 
stopped  at  a  floor.  Jn  the  locking  of  automatic  lifts,  it 
should  be  noted  that  three  things  ha\e  to  be  done.  First 
of  all,  the  door  or  gate  has  to  be  shut :  it  should  then  be 
latched,  and  then  current  has  to  be  given  to  the  machine. 
In  some  such  locking;  systems,  trouble  aroje  owing  to  an 
attt-mpi  to  make  thesf;  three  things  occur  simultaneously. 
If  the  closing  of  the  gate  happened  to  be  completed  first 
the  gate  was  not  latched,  nor  was  current  given  to  the 
machine.  That  fault  was  then  corrected  by  allowing  the 
latch  to  act  and  the  switch  to  be  closed  before  the  gate  was 
completely  closed.  This  is  obviously  a  dangerous  pro- 
cedure, for  the  gate  may  be  pulled  back  and  an  arc  drawn 
oat  without  stopping  the  machine.  If  the  switch  happens 
to  be  closed  first  the  machine  can  start  witli  an  unsecured 
gate,  a  contingency  which  has  given  rise  to  the  largest 
number  of  accidents.     A   lock  has,  however,  beed  designed 


for  the  purpose  of  performing  the  three  requisite  functions  in 
a  definite  seciuence.  First,  the  gate  or  door  must  be  com- 
pletely closed  ;  until  this  is  done  nothing  further  can  lie 
effected  ;  then  follows  the  latching  of  the  door,  and  until 
that  is  securely  done  it  is  impossible  to  give  cun-ent  to  the 
machine.  Finally,  the  circuit  is  closed  and  current  is 
applied.  On  opening  the  door  the  reverse  order  is  equally 
definite  :  first,  the  current  is  cut  off  :  and  then  only  can  the 
gate  be  unlatched,  and  finally  opened.  In  some  safety 
locks  a  counter-locking  action  is  ojieratcd  by  springs  as  the 
cage  moves  away  from  the  door.  Breakage  of  springs  has 
sometimes  rendered  the  counter-locking  inoperative.  In 
recent  designs  of  safety  locks  this  difficulty  has  also  been 
remoxed. 

Reference  may  be  made  to  a  type  of  automatic  gate  lock 
which  has  been  laigely  applied  to  lift  purposes.  The 
automatic  rage  lock  consists  of  a  vertical  spring  jilunger 
fixed  in  the  floor  immediately  under  the  doors  or  gates 
giving  access  to  the  lift.  This  plunger  is  withdrawn  by  a 
cam  fixed  on  the  lift  cage  operating  the  lever  by  a  small 
roller.  AVbcn  the  cage  leaves  the  floor  level  the 
plunger  is  forced  into  the  bottom  of  the  doors,  and  this 
action  securely  locks  them.  Inasmuch  as  the  operating 
levers  are  inaccessible  from  the  outside,  it  is  impossible  to 
o])en  the  doors  unless  the  cage  is  at  the  floor  level. 

It  will  probably  be  objected  that,  howevei-  carefully  the 
means  of  automatic  control  and  safety  provision  is  designed, 
there  are  always  to  be  found  {arsons  of  sufficient  ingenuity 
to  render  all  jirovisions  for  their  safety  of  no  use.  This  is 
undoubtedly  the  case,  and  he  would  be  a  bold  designer  of  lift 
machinery  and  accessories  who  would  be  prepared  to  say 
that  under  all  conditions  and  circnrastances  his  apparatus 
was  absolutely  foolproof.  At  the  same  time,  a  great  deal 
has  been  done  to  mitigate  the  possibility  of  accident  due  to 
ordinary  carelessness,  and  in  the  above  description  it  has 
\xen  attempted  to  show  as  briefly  as  j)ossible  the  main 
features  of  design,  as  shown  in  the  work  of  such  firms 
as  Me&sre.  IJawlinsons.  Ltd.,  of  Leeds  :  Messrs.  .1.  C. 
Etchells  \  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Manchester  ;  Messrs.  Smith,  Major 
and  Stevens,  Ltd.,  of  Northampton ;  Messrs.  Holt  and 
Willetts,  &c.  Inasmuch  as  the  reliability  of  the  electric  lift 
is,  apart  from  its  undoubted  economy  of  operation,  a  most 
potent  factor  in  securing  its  adoption  for  commercial 
purposes,  it  is  considered  advisable  to  point  out  the  means  and 
methods  which  have  been  adopted  to  secure  the  safety  of  the 
public. 


CHICAGO    LABORATORIES   AND   CANADIAN 
TRADE. 


Mu.  ¥.  A.  Camhkjix.k,.  city  electrician  of  Winnipep,  recentlj 
wrote  the  following  intereBtinp  letter  to  the  Canadian  Elrctii<til 
.\r>rx,  reppectincr  the  report  of  Mr.  Hamilton  Wickes  on  the  Chicago 
Underwriters"  Laboratories  and  Canadian  Electrical  Trade,  which 
was  printed  in  our  issue  of  January  ;^rd,  l!ti:i.  He  refers  to  an 
editorial  comment  made  by  our  contemporary. 

"While  you  are  in  the  main  correct  as  to  the  high  standard  of 
British  manufactured  articles,  there  are  still  a  number  of  appliances 
and  articles  of  manufacture  of  British  make  that  are  not  in  many 
respects  up  to  the  standard  of  American  or  Canadian  poode  intended 
for  similar  purposes.  I  know  of  what  I  speak  as  I  have  been  in 
this  work  for  the  last  18  years  and  have  repeatedly  had  to  refuse 
to  accept  British  made  appliances  and  material,  although  this  city 
does  not,  in  spite  of  the  statement  of  Mr.  Wiikes,  insist  upon  the 
Laboratories'  label.  It  seems  to  me  that  in  this  question  two  points 
have  to  be  considered,  namely  ;  first,  the  standard  of  quality  and 
the  fitness  for  the  duty  and,  second,  the  standardisation  of  dimen- 
sions of  certain  appliances,  such,  for  instance,  as  cut-outs  or  fuses. 
You  will  remember  the  years  of  effort  that  were  necessary  before  a 
simple  matter  like  the  standardisation  of  enclosed  fuses  was 
reached  and  similar  action  in  regard  to  lamp  sockets  and  lamp 
bases. 

"Mr.  Wickes  seems  to  be  afraid  that  under  the  present  arrange- 
ments the  Laboratories  impose  no  restrictions  as  to  the  '  danger  to 
life '  factor.  It  is  true  that  the  Underwriters  are  largely  repre- 
sented on  the  National  Code  Committee,  but  all  the  other  interests 
are  also  represented,  and  during  the  last  few  years  the  question  of 
'danger  to  life'  has  been  increasingly  empbasifed  in  the  Com- 
mittees' rulings,  and  there  are  numerous  rulings  in  the  code  that 
not  only  protect  against  fire,  but  also  enforce  the  necessary  safe- 
guards for  the  protection  of  life,  as,  for  instance,  the  gronnding  of 
the  neutrals  of  the  low-tension  system.  It  is  rather  remarkable 
that  Mr.  Wickes  should  lay  etrebs  on  this  point,  as   in   hie  own. 


Vol.  72.     No.  I.HIT,  AiMtil.  IS,  l!tl:i. 


THE    }ELEGTE1[CA]L    FJEVXEW. 


m'i 


(lountry  Mio  nn|iiiiotnonlH  liavo  hnon  ('xtroinnly  lax  on  thiH  point  up 
to  11  vorv  rodont  <Iato,  in  fact,  until  rocontly  iipparnluH  iiiirl  appli- 
ancoH  have  Ixion  .nolti  and  upod  in  flroat  Itritain  that  would  not  bo 
allowtid  in  this  country  whoro  a  properly  ortrimiHcd  liiHpootion 
Dopartinont  (existed  ;  for  inBtanco,  a  lonpr- skirted  IMinon  bano  lamp 
havintr  a  livo  projection  of  U  in.  below  the  Hocket.  Suuh  cruilo 
and  uiiHafe  niothodH  were  eliminated  yearw  npo  on  thiH  Hide  of  the 
water,  and  inspection  dniiartinentH  of  thiw  country  find  thin  form 
of  lamp  today  (conHtantly  imported  from  Kuropcnn  pointu)  to  bo 
one  of  the  nioHt  werious  menaocH  they  have  to  d(?al  with 

''While  the  nritinh  manufaoturcrH  arc,  no  doubt,  handicapped  by 
<he  present  conditione,  and  while  as  an  KnirliHhmnn  myself  I  am 
doiry:  overythinif  I  can  to  facilitate  the  placMni;  of  their  >,'oo(lHon  thiw 
market,  the  whole  trouble  is  due  to  the  fact,  to  use  the  words  of 
your  editorinl,  '  The  Englishman  does  not  feol  the  need  of  the  same 
propreasive  step  until  he  comes  into  direct  contact  with  the  United 
States'  product  in  this  continent,'  and,  judginp  by  the  increasinir 
number  of  fatalities  in  the  British  Isles,  due  to  electrical  caunes,  it 
will  not  be  lonfj  before  public  opinion  will  force  the  authorities  to 
take  a  pro^jrcaslve  step  and  call  for  the  standardisation  of  electrical 
fittinfj-s  (Tciicrnlly. 

"  I  believe  that  we  should  in  ('anada  have  a  laboratory  for  testing 
purposes  either  under  the  Government  or  Underwriters'  auspices, 
whose  rulinpfs  would  be  accepted  by  the  American  laboratory,  we  in 
turn  accepting  theirs,  so  that  a  uniformity  of  rulinpf  would  exist. 
I  understand  that  there  have  already  been  some  proposals  along 
this  line,  and  with  the  institution  of  such  an  examininpr  body  the 
British  manufacturers  would  not  be  under  any  disadvantage  in 
exporting  goods  to  ('anada.  I  have  at  times  come  in  contact  with 
some  of  the  leading  members  of  British  firms,  who  have  been 
over  here  looking  up  trade  possibilities,  and  in  most  cases  they 
have  expressed  their  readiness  to  adapt  their  goods  to  Canadian 
practice  ;  on  the  other  hand,  there  are  Britishers  of  the  well- 
known  stubborn  variety  who  will  think  that  '  what  is  good  enough 
for  John  Bull  is  good  enough  for  Johnny  Canuck,'  but  the  latter 
has  a  habit  of  suiting  himself.  I  imagine  that  a  form  of  British 
standard  that  would  be  recognised  the  world  over,  will  hardly 
come  about. 

"  r  cannot  refrain  from  expressing  my  indebtedness  to  the 
American  laboratories  for  the  excellent  work  they  are  doing.  It 
is  of  the  very  greatest  value  to  the  department  over  which  I  pre- 
side, in  fact  I  do  not  know  how  we  could  get  along  without  the 
valuable  assistance  they  render  from  time  to  time.  We  are  especi- 
ally pleased  with  the  way  they  are  handling  the  rubber-covered 
wire  situation  to-day.  Canadian  manufacturers  have  found  no 
diflSculty  in  complying  with  the  Laboratories'  tests.  Canadian 
manufacturers  are  to-day  turning  out  wire  with  the  Laboratories' 
labels,  and  I  was  only  the  other  day  requested  to  collect  samples  of 
wire  found  in  the  field  and  forward  same  to  Chicago,  when  they 
would  be  tested  and  reported  upon  free  of  charge.  The  value  of 
this  service  is,  as  I  have  said,  very  great,  and  I  do  not  think  it  is 
sufficiently  appreciated." 


LEGAL. 


Johnson  <;  Johnson-Billington  Electricity  Metebs,  Ltd. 

Mb.  William  Harky  Johnson,  of  Teddington,  an  engineer, 
and  the  inventor  of  the  Johnson-Billington  electricity  meter, 
brought  an  action  in  the  King's  Bench  Division  on  April  9th 
before  Mr.  Justice  Horridge  and  a  common  jury,  to  recover  a  sum 
of  money,  amounting  to  about  ^140,  which  he  alleged  was  due 
to  him  as  salary  by  Johnson-Billington  Electricity  Meters,  Ltd. 

Mr.  Patrick  Hastings  said  the  plaintiff  was  the  inventor  of  the 
electricity  meter  which  the  defendant  company  was  formed  to 
acquire  and  exploit.  The  company  was  formed  in  1910,  and  in 
August  of  that  year  the  agreement  was  entered  into  under  which 
the  present  action  was  brought.  The  agreement  was  for  a  period 
of  five  years,  and  apparently  the  company  could  get  rid  of  the 
plaintiff,  but  he  could  not  get  rid  of  the  company.  His  salary  was 
£200  for  the  first  year,  and  £250  a  year  afterwards.  Plaintiff  was 
the  largest  shareholder  in  the  company,  and  he  worked  for  them 
from  August  to  the  time  this  action  started.  His  salary  was  paid 
for  a  certain  period,  and  then  stopped. 

The  other  directors  of  the  company  were  Mr.  Billington  and  Mr. 
Spiller,  and  there  appeared  to  have  been  some  difference  between 
them.  The  company  had  set  up  a  number  of  defences.  One  was 
that  the  company,  being  in  want  of  funds,  they  suggested 
that  plaintiff  should  waive  his  rights  until  he  was  suc- 
cessful in  raising  fresh  capital,  when  the  arrears  of  his  salary 
would  be  paid.  Another  defence  was  that  the  company  had  said 
they  would  not  pay,  and  that  that  put  an  end  to  the  agreement, 
and  that  he  accepted  and  adopted  this  because  he  did  not  issue  a 
writ  at  once.  A  third  defence  was  that  the  plaintiff  voted  against 
an  increase  of  capital,  and  thereby  prevented  the  arrears  being 
paid,  and  a  fourth  defence  was  that  the  plaintiff  was  not  entitled  to 
arrears  because  he  had  been  negligent  in  not  telling  the  com* 
pany  that  the  Beck  Flame  Lamp  Co.,  which  company 
was  under  contract  to  make  all  the  mechanical  parts  of 
the  Johnson  meter,  was  insolvent,  and  that  by  not  informing 
defendants  of  that  fact  they  lost  possession  of  moneys  in  the 
poBseseion  of  the  Beck  Flame  Co.,  which  were  the  property  of  the 
defendant  company.  Counsel  said,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  the 
plaintiff  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  financial  aspect  of  his  oom- 


Iiviiy'M  dnalingH  with  thii  li-ck  I'laino  (.').  and  thftt  fiirthirr,  the 
dinjctorn  of  thi;  dcfen  lant  company  and  thx  rj<;ck  Co.  tj«in(f  th* 
Hamr.  the  defendanta  knc3W  on  much  about  the  affairx  of  the  Beck 
(;o  as  plaintiir  did. 

I'laintilV  in  the  witnesH  box,  bore  out  the  oiicninir  iitat«in«nt  of 
uouuHel. 

On  April  10th,  Mli.  Sau.mikii.hdn.  opening  the  cnw;  for  the  dcfenw, 
Raid  Mr.  Johnson  ba<l  nothing  to  complain  of,  om  he  had  2.00<J 
shares  in  the  com|)any,  while  Mr.  Spiller  and  his  friendM  had  to  find 
the  capital.  It  was  the  plaintiff  hitncelf  who  ha<l  brought  di«a*tter 
on  the  company  by  refusing  to  agree  to  the  raising  of  further 
capital. 

Mk.  Si'iLLKU,  a  director  of  the  defendant  company,  and  One  of 
the  original  promoters,  said  he  told  Mr.  Johnoon  he  must  not  rely 
on  his  agreement,  but  he  (witness)  would  do  all  he  could  for 
him,  and  that,  if  they  could  find  more  capital,  he  would  do  all  he 
could  to  pny  him.  WitnosH  saiil  that  his  grievance  was  that  the 
plaintid'  did  not  tell  the  Meter  Co.  about  the  insolvent  condition  of 
the  Beck  (;o.  At  the  time  of  the  liquidation  of  that  company, 
witneps  wanted  to  buy  it,  but  it  was  ac(iuired  by  a  Mr.  Davis. 
Witness  went  to  Davis,  and  asked  him  to  continue  to  make  the 
meters  for  the  Meter  Co.  and  to  give  .fohnson  employment 

After  further  evidence,  and  the  counsel  and  Judge  had  summed 
up,  the  jury,  without  retiring,  returned  a  verdict  for  the  plaintiff  for 
the  agreed  sum — £i;il,  plus  £12  lOs. 

His  Lordship  entered  judgment  for  the  plaintiff  for  this  amount, 
with  costs. 


llKLKiiiTiNc  or  Br.ECTKu;  LAiiti's  IN  Mines. 

At  Chester-le-Street  (Co.  Durham)  Police  Court,  on  the  9th  inst., 
Robert  Smith,  It;  years  old,  a  driver,  was  summoned  for  an  offence 
against  the  Electric  Lighting  Regulations  for  Coal  Mines  at  Ilandoii 
Hold  '■  Busty  "  Pit,  on  March  7th.  The  accused  pleaded  guilty. 
Mr.  J.  Turnbull,  who  prosecuted,  said  that  statutory  regulations  had 
been  made  for  controlling  the  relighting  of  electric  lamps  in  mines, 
and  the  apparatus  for  relighting  them  was  kept  in  a  locked  box 
down  the  mine,  and  only  officials  were  supplied  with  keys,  or  were 
entitled  to  open  the  box  or  relight  the  lamps.  The  defendant  was 
found  in  possession  of  a  contrivance  by  which  he  was  able  to  open 
the  box.  It  was  an  exceedingly  simple  thing,  and  the  owners  had 
been  shocked  to  find  that  the  apparatus  was  so  easily  opened,  and 
they  had  made  an  arrangement  with  the  manufacturers  to  have  a 
patent  lock  put  on. 

Thomas  Whitaker,  a  driver,  said  he  saw  the  defendant  open 
the  relighting  apparatus  with  a  nail.  He  put  in  an  electric  lamp  to 
have  it  relighted,  but  the  under  manager  arrived,  and  the  operation 
was  not  completed. 

A  fine  of  10s.  and  costs  was  imposed. 


Birkenhead  Tramcar  Contracts  :    Slander  Action. 

At  the  Liverpool  Assizes,  Mr.  Justice  Bankes  heard  an  action  to 
recover  damages  for  alleged  slander,  in  which  the  plaintiffs  were 
Messrs.  G.  C.  Slilnes,  Voss  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  railway  carriage  and  tramcar 
builders,  of  Birkenhead,  and  Thomas  Voss,  and  the  defendant 
Councillor  E.  T.  Coston,  J.P.,  chairman  of  the  Tramways  Com- 
mittee of  the  Birkenhead  Corporation. 

Mr.  Rigby  Swift,  K.C.,  MP.,  and  Mr.  William  Proctor  appeared 
for  the  plaintiffs,  and  Mr.  F.  A.  Greer,  K.C.,  and  Mr.  A.  Kennedy 
represented  the  defendant. 

Mr.  Rigby  Swift,  in  opening  the  case,  said  the  action  had  been 
brought  against  Mr.  Towler  Coston  in  respect  of  a  series  of 
defamatory  attacks  he  had  made  upon  the  plaintiff  company  and 
upon  Mr.  Voss  at  a  meeting  of  the  Birkenhead  Town  Council  on 
July  10th  last  in  regard  to  certain  tenders  for  new  tramcars 
making  allegations  of  a  most  serious  character  against  the 
plaintiffs.  He  had  alleged  that  they  were  incompetent  in 
their  work  ;  suggested  that  their  financial  position  was 
not  sound  ;  that  they  were  not  able  to  carry  a  suffi- 
cient amount  of  stock  for  their  business,  and  that  they 
were  living  from  hand  to  mouth.  He  said  that  they  (plaintiffs) 
had  improperly  obtained  knowledge  of  rival  contractors' 
tenders,  and  he  charged  them  with  using  underhand  and  discredit- 
able means  in  order  to  get  their  own  tenders  accepted.  Defendant, 
counsel  added,  did  not  now  suggest  that  any  of  these  allegation 
were  true.  What  he  said  was  that  he  had  not  used  the  words  com- 
plained of,  that  his  statement  could  not  be  said  to  have  the  meaning 
now  put  upon  it,  also  that  he  made  the  remarks  upon  a  privileged 
occasion,  and  was  making  comments  upon  a  matter  which  was  o 
important  public  interest.  Counsel  added  that  public  men  should 
not  be  allowed  to  take  advantage  of  their  position  and  a  privileged 
occasion  to  say  things  about  other  persons  for  which  there  was  no 
foundation.  The  speech  was  not  fair  comment,  but  rather  a 
malicious  statement  of  facts.  Mr.  Coston.  in  his  desire  to  ge 
Messrs.  Hurst  Kelson's  tender  accepted  for  the  supply  of  new  tram 
cars,  had  made  charges  suggesting  that  the  plaintiffs,  or  one  of 
them,  had  been  guilty  of  conducting  their  business  by  improper 
and  dishonourable  methods  ;  that  they  bad  attempted  to  persuade, 
and  did  persuade,  a  member  of  the  Committee  to  use  his  position  for 
his  own  personal  gain  ;  that,  as  manufacturers,  they  were  incom- 
petent and  unable  ta  execute  any  largre  orders  ;  that  the  plaintiff 
company  were  a  firm  of  a  precarious  financial  stability,  and  conse- 
quently unable  to  keep  a  sufficient  supply  of  timber  in  stock.  The 
plaintiffs  had  brought  this  action  in  order  to  show  that  Mr.  Costoo  s 
charges  were  unfounded. 

Thomas  Voss,  in  giving  evidence,  said  he  had  nev^er  at  any  time 
received  a  complaini  about  the  rair.  hp  h.id  oonvetted  for  the  Co»- 


684 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       LVoi.  72.  No.  i,84t,  apbil  ip,  1913. 


poretion  that  he  not  remedied.  Dealing-  with  the  complaint  about 
leaky  roofs,  he  stated  that  the  cars  were  made  to  carry  64  passengers 
each,  and  he  now  knew  that  as  many  as  130  had  been  carried.  He 
conld  quite  understand  why  trusses  and  bolsters  were  required,  in 
view  of  the  overcrowding:.  He  was  asked  in  January,  I'.UO,  to  send 
in  new  tenders,  and  later  heard  that  those  of  another  firm  had  been 
accepted.  Whilst  beinp  invited  to  tender,  there  was  never  any 
suggestion  that  the  work  he  did  in  1909  was  bad  work.  In  regard 
to  his  tranpactions  in  connection  with  the  tenders,  he  did  nothing 
that  was  either  unbusinesslike  or  disgraceful  tactics.  There  was 
no  foundation  for  the  suggestion  that  Mr.  Dickie,  timber  merchant, 
advocated  plaintiff  s  contract  in  order  that  he  might  get  something 
out  of  it  himself. 

By  Mb.  Greek  ;  Plaintiff  said  he  had  between  January,  1909, 
and  July,  1912,  distributed  orders  in  Birkenhead  amounting  in 
value  to  over  Ji;5,2ri2.  He  had  never  discussed  with  Mr.  Dickie 
the  position  of  plaintiffs'  tenders  and  the  efforts  he  (Mr.  Dickie) 
might  make  to  get  local  tenders  accepted. 

CouNCiLLOB  Dickie,  a  member  of  the  Birkenhead  Tramway  Com- 
mittee, emphatically  denied  that  he  had  given  information  to  Mr. 
Vo88  of  what  was  going  on  in  the  Committee.  He  bad  committed 
no  breach  of  conduct  as  a  councillor. 

Mb.  Gbeer  ;  Was  it  discreet  in  your  opinion  to  take  part  in  the 
disoneeions  when  you  knew  that  if  Mr.  Toss's  tender  was  accepted 
you  would  make  money  out  of  it  through  supplying  that  firm  with 
timber  .' — It  was  not  until  I  had  consulted  my  solicitor  in  regard  to 
the  allegations  that  I  knew  that  I  could  have  supplied  the 
timber. 

Mb.  Gbeek  :  At  the  committee  meeting  on  June  20th,  Mr.  Coston 
said  "  Mr.  Dickie  has  conveyed  to  Voss  the  business  that  has  been 
transacted  in  this  Committee."  How  is  it  that  yon  did  not  con- 
tradict him  at  that  meeting  .'—I  believe  that  I  did. 

CouNCiLLOB  W.  M.  FcBNiVAL,  another  member  of  the  Tramways 
Committee,  said  there  was  no  ground  for  the  suggestion  that  he 
had  improperly  supplied  Mr.  Voes  with  information  as  to  what  took 
place  at  the  Committee  meeting. 

For  the  defence,  Mr.  Gbeer  said  there  could  be  no  doubt  that  the 
question  of  these  tenders  for  new  tramcars  was  a  matter  of  great 
importance  and  interest  to  the  members  of  Birkenhead  Town  Council, 
and  to  the  ratepayers  generally.  If  Mr.  Coston,  believing  what 
he  did  in  reference  to  the  work  done  by  Messrs.  Milnes,  Voss  and 
Co.,  had  not  drawn  attention  to  the  matter,  he  would  have  been 
failing  to  perform  his  duty  as  a  councillor.  The  report  of  the 
tramways  msmager  in  respect  to  the  tramcars  which  had  been 
altered  and  refitted  by  Messrs.  Jlilnes,  'S'oss  &  Co.,  contained  a  series 
of  complaints  that  conld  not  have  been  made  if  the  work  had  been 
adequately  and  properly  done.  Mr.  Coston  conld  not  but  believe 
the  manager's  report,  and  in  doing  so  he  could  not  come  to  any 
other  conclusion  than  that  this  was  a  disgraceful  piece  of  work. 
There  was  nothing  in  Mr.  Coston's  speech  that  could  be  construed 
as  an  attack  on  the  financial  stability  of  the  plaintiffs'  firm. 
Referring  to  the  tenders,  Mr.  Greer  said  it  had  been  shown  that 
plaintiffs  had  reduced  their  estimate  when  none  of  the  other  con- 
tractors had  been  invited  to  do  so,  and  the  defendant  thought  that 
information  was  being  passed  to  the  firm  from  the  Committee. 
Under  those  circumstances,  he  was  of  opinion  that  he  would  have 
been  lacking  in  his  public  duties  if  he  had  not  expressed  his 
views. 

Mb.  Costox,  in  his  evidence,  said  that  when  he  heard  the  tramway 
manager's  report  read  in  the  committee  he  was  astounded.  It  was 
the  first  time  that  he  had  heard  of  any  serious  complaints  in  regard 
to  these  tramcars.  Mr.  Furnival  at  that  meeting  described  the 
report  as  prejudiced  and  ridiculous,  and  that  led  him  (witness)  to 
visit  the  depot,  and  after  seeing  the  superintendent's  reports  and 
books  relating  to  the  matter,  he  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
report  was  accurate.  Assuming  the  report  true,  it  was  his  candid 
opinion  that  it  was  the  most  disgraceful  piece  of  workmanship  that 
could  be  turned  out. 

By  Mb.  Swift  :  He  knew  that  "V'oss's  for  12  months  had  to  keep 
these  cars  maintained,  and  that  with  the  exception  of  the  super- 
intendent's report  of  July,  1910,  and  Kovember,  1911,  there  was 
not  a  solitary  complaint  after  the  12  months  had  expired.  He 
knew  that  the  cars  had  been  subjected  to  a  very  great  strain.  He 
did  not  make  any  inquiry  as  to  whether  the  charges  against  Mepprp. 
■Voss  were  true  or  not.  He  was  convinced  they  were  true.  He  did 
not  want  the  Council  to  believe  that  the  firm  were  incompetent, 
but  that  they  had  done  bad  work.  Witness  admitted  that  the 
plaintiffs  haa  been  invited  to  reduce  their  tender. 

At  the  conclusion  of  defendant's  evidence,  Mr.  Gbeer  informed 
the  Court  that  the  defendant  was  now  satisfied,  after  the  investi- 
gation that  had  taken  place,  that  upon  the  real  facts  of  the  case 
there  was  nothing  which  entitled  him  to  Fay  that  there  was  any- 
thing discreditable  in  relation  to  Messrs.  Milnes,  \'os8  &  Co.'s  busi- 
ness transactions,  an<i  he  did  not  now  allege  that  there  was  any 
disgraceful  work  done  by  them.  Mr.  Coston  therefore  withdrew 
the  charges,  expressed  his  regret,  and  agreed  to  pay  costs  a.-*  between 
solicitors  and  clients. 

Mb.  Rigbv  Swirx  said  that  there  w^as  never,  from  the  very  first, 
any  desire  on  the  part  of  the  plaintiffs  to  make  any  money  out  of 
the  allegations  made  against  them.  What  they  desired  was  that 
the  charges  should  he  withdrawn  in  the  fullest  and  most  public 
manner,  and  that  it  should  be  made  plain  to  everybody  that  there 
was  no  foundation  for  them. 

Mk.  Justice  Ba.vkes  thought  that  Mr.  Coston  had  taken  the 
right  coarse.  He  felt  considerable  sympathy  with  Mr.  Coston, 
because  he  believed  that  the  report  from  the  tramway  authorities 
had  been  most  misleading.  While  he  (the  Judge)  was  sitting  there 
he  would  honestly  maintain  the  right  of  a  member  of  a  properly 
constituted  authority  to  speak  boldly  and  fearlessly  when  ho 
honestly   believed  that  there  was  something  going  on  which  was 


wrong.  It  was  because  of  the  false  impression  created  by  the 
report  that  Mr.  Coston  had  been  led  to  suggest  things  which  he 
had  no  right  to  suggest.  The  investigation  had  made  it  quite  plain 
that  Mr.  Coston  had  gone  too  far  -  further  than  tlie  occasion  really 
allowed — and  it  was  now  only  right  that  Messrs.  Milnes,  Voss  and 
Co.  should  be  absolved  from  those  charges. 


OsBAM  Lamp  LiTiciATioN. 


Mb.  Justice  Swinfen  Eady,  on  Friday,  April  11th,  in  the 
Chancery  Division,  had  again  before  him  the  motion  of  the  Osram 
Lamp  Works,  Ltd.,  v.  the  Yorkshire  Incandescent  Electric  Co.,  but, 
with  his  Lordship's  consent,  the  matter  stood  over  for  another 
week,  in  order  that  the  evidence  might  be  completed. 

In  Mr.  Justice  Eve's  court  on  the  same  day  an  application  by  the 
Osram  Lamp  Works,  Ltd.,  that  a  motion  against  the  Electrical 
Manufacturing  Co.  to  restrain  infringement  should  stand  over  for 
a  week,  was  also  granted. 


Hakri.s  I.  London  United  Tramways,  Ltd. 

Before  Mr.  Justice  Bailhache,  sitting  in  the  King's  Bench  Divi- 
sion, with  a  common  jury,  on  April  9th,  Mrs.  Esther  Harris,  a 
widow,  sued  the  London  United  Tramways,  Ltd.,  under  Lord  Camp- 
bell's Act,  for  damages  in  respect  of  the  death  of  her  husband, 
who  was  thrown  from  his  bicycle  while  riding  in  the  Victoria 
Road,  Surbiton,  and  killed  by  a  passing  motor-omnibus.  The  acci- 
dent was  caused  through  the  wheel  of  the  bicycle  catching  in  one 
of  the  tramway  grooves  at  switch  points  near  8urbitcn  Station. 
It  was  alleged  that  the  defendants  were  negligent  in  allowing  their 
line  to  be  iua  state  dangerous  to  general  traffic.  The  negligence 
alleged  was  that  the  grooves  of  the  line  at  the  switch  points,  either 
from  wear  or  other  causes,  were  too  wide,  and  that  the  bicycle 
dropped  its  front  wheel  dead  into  the  groove  in  consequence. 
Evidence  was  called  to  shown  that  the  groove  at  the  spot  where 
the  tragedy  occurred  was  sufficiently  wide  to  allow  a  bicycle  wheel 
to  drop  in,  and  before  the  plaintiff's  expert  evidence  on  that  point 
had  closed,  a  brief  consultation  took  place  between  counsel,  result- 
ing in  the  announcement  that  there  would  be  judgment  for  the 
plaintiff  by  consent,  on  terms  agreed,  which  it  was  not  thought 
desirable  to  mention  publicly.  .Mr.  Geo.  Elliott,  K.C.,  appearing 
for  the  plaintiff,  mentioned  that  the  case  was  one  of  great  interest 
quite  apart  from  the  individual  circumstances,  for  which  reason  it 
had  been  taken  up  by  the  Cyclists'  Tourist  Club. 


British  Westinghoise  Electric  Co.  '.  The  Electric 
Palaces  Co. 

This  action  came  before  the  Divisional  Court  of  King's  Bench, 
composed  of  Mr.  Justice  Channell  and  Mr.  Justice  Coleridge,  on 
Monday.  April  14th,  on  an  appeal  by  the  defendants  from  a  judg- 
ment of  the  Judge  of  the  Salford  County  Court. 

The  action  was  one  which  concerned  the  supply  of  an  engine 
and  dynamo,  i;c,,  by  the  British  Westinghouse  Co.  for  an  electric 
theatre  in  Northumberland,  and  a  counterclaim  was  set  up  by  the 
defendants,  based  upon  an  allegation  of  delay  in  delivery. 

Mr.  Powell,  K.C,  who  appeared  in  support  of  the  appeal, 
.stated  that  after  negotiations  with  a  Mr.  Worley,  the  British 
Westinghouse  gave  an  estimate  for  the  supply  of  an  engine 
and  apparatus  for  working  a  picture  exhibition,  the  price  being 
£131  10s.,  which  they  said  they  could  dispatch  complete 
within  a  few  days  from  the  receipt  of  the  order.  They 
guaranteed  the  whole  of  the  equipment  for  12  months,  and 
offered  to  accept  deferred  payments  if  o  per  cent,  were  added 
to  the  contract  price.  Mr.  Worley.  as  agent  of  the  Electric 
Palaces  Co.,  said  that  the  tender  would  be  accepted,  subject  to  the 
gas  supply  from  the  local  gas  company  being  sufficient  to  enable 
them  to  get  iBc  requisite  power.  A  correspondence  followed,  and 
the  letters  wnich  J.il^^eo,  logetuer  with  certain  verbal  statements 
ir  was  said  ontiti)t,f)  the  contract.  The  County  Court  Judge  at 
the  hesriocr  believed  the  witnesses  called  on  behalf  of  the  We  iine'- 
house  Co.  in  regard  to  the  terms  of  delivery,  which  was  that  the 
delivery  was  contingent  upon  the  engine  being  in  stock.  There 
seemed  to  have  been  delay  in  giving  the  final  order,  with  the  result 
that  when  it  was  given  the  gas  engine  which  they  had  in  stock  had 
been  epld.  It  was  then  arranged  that  the  engine  should  be 
supplied  according  to  the  defendants,  within  six  weeks,  but,  as  a 
matter  of  fact,  it  was  not  delivered  until  eight  weeks  afterwards. 

Mb.  Justicf,  Channell  :  On  what  grounds  do  you  appeal .' 

Mr.  Powell,  K.C,  said  that  he  appealed  on  the  ground  that 
there  was  no  evidence  to  support  the  Judge's  finding,  that  the 
contract  was  really  made  with  the  Palaces  Co.,  and  that  the  Westing- 
house Co.,  or  their  representatives,  had  no  knowledge  of  Mr. 
Worley's  financial  position.  The  terms  of  the  contract  were  that 
the  engine  should  be  supplied  within  six  weeks 'or  thereabouts," 
and  "  thereabout.s "  could  not  possibly  mean  eight  weeks.  The 
claim  was  only  for  £11  odd  for  one  instalment.  Having  regard  to 
all  the  circumstances  of  the  case,  he  contended  that  the  judgment 
of  the  County  Court  Judge  was  unsatisfactory,  and  submitted  that 
there  ought  to  be  a  new  trial.  The  delivery  in  eight  weeks  instead 
of  six  weeks  did  not  satisfy  the  terms  of  the  contract. 

Mr.  Justice  Coleridge  said  that  the  words  were  "six  weeks 
or  thereabouts,"  and  the  extra  two  weeks  conld  not  be  said  to  be  a 
matter  of  law.     It  was  simply  a  matter  of  fact. 

Mr.  Atkinson,  for  the  plaintiffs,  said  it  was  a  question  of  what 
the  wordB  meant  as  applied    to  particular  facts.     He  argued  that 


Vol.72.   No.  i,Hi7,  Ai'un,  iH,  1918.]       T|||.;    M J ,KCTJU('AL    KKVJKW. 


ti35 


the  hIx  wodkH  did  nut  bu)(iii  tu  run  until  ttio  plnnn  und  duoiiinontn 
had  Ih!uii  furni«hml  by  tho  defcndantH.  Thn  pliino  were  not 
furniMhcd  until  Hcptembor  2lBt,  allhout;h  the  order  whn  i;ivcn  on 
ir)th,  and  the  onvrino  wac,  in  fact,  delivered  within  nix  wci'kn  and 
one  day  from  the  time  tho  plunn  were  received. 

Mk.  Ju.sti<;e  ChannelF/,  in  irivini;  judgment,  Raid  that,  upon  the 
asHumption  that  the  contract  wan  between  the  WcntinKhoune  Co. 
and  the  Electric  PulaoeB  Co.,  the  qucHtion  wan,  what  were  the  real 
termsof  the  contract  as  to  delivery  !  If  the  tlrHt  tender  had  been 
accepted  straiviAt  off,  it  would  have  been  a  ((UCMtion  of  ttieconBtruc- 
tion  of  that  tender  and  a  qucHtion  of  law.  Rut  that  was  not 
the  case.  There  were  interviews  and  alterationH  in  the  con- 
tract which  ^rave  the  WoHtin(fhouHO  Co.  reaBonable  time  in 
oase  they  had  not  tho  enpino  in  stock.  Tho  County 
Court  Judpe  thoujfht  that  the  evidence  of  those  who 
upoke  to  the  six  weeks  was  so  satisfactory  that  he  could  disrefjard 
what  was  in  the  correspondence,  and  that  was  entirely  a  question  of 
fact.  The  delivery  was  only  one  day  out,  and  therefore  it  was 
treated  at  the  trial  as  beintr  within  the  contract  time.  That  beinp 
so,  there  was  no  ground  upon  which  the  Court  could  set  aside  the 
judfrment,  and  the  appeal  must  therefore  be  dismissed. 

Mk.  JisTiOE  Coi.KRiDCK  apfreed,  objervinjj  that  the  contract 
being  partly  verbal  and  partly  in  writing,  it  was  for  the  judge  to 
decide  whether  what  was  said  in  writing  was  only  part  of  the 
contract.  It  wa.s  entirely  a  question  of  fact,  and  the  Court  could 
not  interfere. 

The  appeal  was  accordingly  dismissed  with  costs. 


The  PotTLSEN  Patbnt.s. 
In  the  Chancery  Division  on  April   15th,  Mr.  Justice  Warrington 
had  before  him  a  petition  in  the  matter  of  Valdemar  Poulseo,  No. 
8,961.  of   1899,  and  in  the  matter  of  the  Patents  and  Designs  Act, 
1907.    The  petition  was  put  into  the  paper  to  be  mentionefi. 

Mr.  Byrne,  for  the  petitioners,  said  that  it  was  an  application 
in  a  case  in  which  a  petition  wa«  being  presented  for  the  extension 
of  the  term  of  certain  patents  granted  to  Valdemar  Poulsen.  The 
rules  under  tho  Act  gave  the  Court  an  absolute  discretion  to  deal 
with  the  matter  as  should  be  thought  fit.  In  the  present  case 
time  for  alleging  notice  of  opposition  had  long  since  expired,  and 
no  notice  of  opposition  had  been  given.  The  Boaird  of  Trade  was 
the  only  party  interested,  and  the  petitioners  had  given  them 
notice.  Mr.  Austen-Cartmell,  who  had  appeared  for  the  Board  of 
Trade,  had  intimated  to  him  (counsel)  that  the  Board  did  not 
propose  to  offer  any  objection. 

The  facts  were  that  Valdemar  Poulsen  was  the  inventor  of  the 
patent,  and  the  present  petitioners  were  an  American  company  in- 
corporated in  Maine,  U.S.A.,  who  were  the  assignees  of  the  rights. 
A  large  portion  of  the  shares  were  held  by  a  Danish  company.  The 
purpose  of  the  amendments  was  to  set  forth  in  greater  detail  the 
whole  history  of  the  foreign  dealings  with  certain  patents.  They 
had  nothing  to  do  with  what  had  been  done  with  the  English 
patents.  In  the  course  of  preparing  the  preliminary  proceedings, 
certain  further  information  had  come  to  the  petitioners'  advisers  in 
England,  which  they  felt  it  was  their  duty  to  lay  before  the  Court 
and  the  Board  of  Trade.  They  were  now  seeking  to  insert  that 
information,  and  the  reason  that  information  was  not  obtained 
earlier  was  because  all  the  matters  had  to  be  dealt  with  by  corres- 
pondence with  the  United  States  and  Denmark.  Certain  very 
complicated  transactions  were  carried  out  in  1905  and  1996  between 
a  certain  Stilson  Hutching  and  one  Lindafoord,  who  represented  the 
Danish  interests.  Mr.  Hutchins  became  quite  unable  to  transact 
business,  and  then  died,  and  Mr.  Lindafoord  died  on  his  way  to 
America.  No  proper  record  in  writing  had  been  kept  of  the 
greater  part  of  those  transactions  and  negotiations.  When  the 
advisers  of  the  petitioners  were  preparing  their  accounts  for 
lodging,  a  difficulty  arose  as  to  getting  some  of  the  books  from 
abroad,  but  eventually  it  was  arranged  that  a  book-keeper  shonld 
bring  the  books  from  America.  Lord  Parker  (then  Mr.  .Tustice 
Parker)  then  gave  an  extension  of  time  for  lodging  those  accounts. 
In  the  course  of  going  through  the  accounts  the  petitioners'  advisers 
in  this  country  first  became  aware  of  the  extremely  complicated 
nature  of  the  transactions  in  connection  with  the  foreign  patents. 
The  information  asked  for  by  the  petitioners'  advisers  was  only 
obtained  in  part  from  the  United  States  on  April  7th,  and  two  days 
later  a  copy  of  the  petition  was  informally  submitted  to  the  Board  of 
Trade  for  their  information,  so  that  there  had  been  no  delay  so  far 
ae  anyone  on  this  side  was  concerned. 

The  original  petition  stated  that  the  company  was  formed  in 
1899.  for  the  purpose  of  exploiting  the  patents,  and  gave  the  his- 
tory of  the  subsequent  dealings,  so  far  as  they  were  known  to 
petitioners.  It  was  believed  that  the  transactions  with  the 
American  and  Canadian  patents  were  of  a  very  simple  character, 
but,  of  course,  that  was  now  known  not  to  be  the  case. 

Mr.  Justice  Warrington  ;  It  seems  to  be  a  statement  of  fact 
by  the  petitioners,  which  it  may  be  material  to  consider. 

Mr.  Austen-Cartmell  :  Yes.  The  view  I  take  on  behalf  of  the 
Board  of  Trade  is  that  the  general  rule  is  that  the  Board  of  Trade 
would  oppose.  Here,  there  is  no  notice  of  opposition  from  any 
member  of  the  public,  and  the  only  party  appearing  except  the 
petitioners  would  be  the  Crown.  There  is  also  the  point  to  be 
taken  into  consideration  that  the  greatest  possible  difficulties  had 
been  experienced  by  the  legal  advisers  of  the  petitioners  in  this 
country  in  obtaining  information.  We  have  been  informed  by 
the  solicitors  for  the  petitioners,  in  whom  we  have  every  con- 
fidence that  every  step  has  been  taken  to  expedite  matters.  Under 
those  circumstances.  I  am  prepared  to  leave  the  matter  in  the 
hands  of  the  Court,  but  it  must  not  be  taken  as  a  precedent,  but 
simply  because  of  the  special  circumstances  of  the  present  caee. 
If  the  Court  allows  the  amendments,  a  day  had  better  be  fixed  for 


tho   |>etition    to    coniu   into   the  lint  to  fix  a  day  ['       '  : ./.     i 

suggest  the  21th  innt  ,  un  the  pat/int  ezpiri-d  on  tl.' 

Hid  LoKOslill'  .  I  think    I   ought  to  allow  the  m  mAtt 

the  circumntunceH,  unil  I  appoint  the  24th  innt.  xa  Ihc  a)jpoiut«d 
day.     Thin  in  a  very  Bjwcial  amendment. 

Mr.  Hyknk  :   It  dneM  not  Hff.-ct  any  party 

Mk.  Auhten  Cahtmki.l  :  It  i*  true  that  no  notice  of  objeotiou 
has  been  given,  but  the  Court  han  p<jwer  to  allow  anyonn  to 
come  in. 

HiH  LoRDHHir  .  I  think  the  petitioner  ha<l  better  give  notice 
in  the  f^indon  (inzelli-  of  the  app<jintiiient  of  tho  2tth  in»t.  m  the 
appointed  day  on  which  the  amended  petition  in  to  be  In  the  lint. 


National  Tklei'ii'ink  AiiiiirUATio.N  Ai'I-k-m,, 
'I'HK  cross  appeals  in  the  National  Telephone  .Xrbitration  from  the 
decision  of  the  Hallway  and  Canal  CominipHioncrn  on  the  arbitration 
with  regard  to  tho  taking  over  of  the  National  Telephone  (,'o.'» 
undertaking  by  the  Post  Office,  came  bef<jre  the  Master  of  the  Rolls 
and  Lords  Justices  Buckley  and  Kennedy  on  Tuesday,  April  I  .')th. 

The  notice  of  appeal  given  on  behalf  of  the  Po»tina«ter-General 
asked  that  so  much  of  the  judgment  of  the  Court  of  the  Railway 
and  Canal  Commission  as  decided  that,  in  determining  th>-  value  an 
on  December  Hist,  191 1,  of  the  plant  of  the  company  purchased  by 
the  Postmaster-General,  the  Court  might  take  into  consideration 

(rr)  The  cost  of  raising  a  sufficient  amount  of  capital  to  pay  for 
the  construction  of  the  company's  plant. 

(//)  Any  part  of  the  cost  of  the  company  of  inducing  persons  to 
agree  with  the  company  for  the  supply  to  them  of  a  telephonic 
service  and  for  installation  upon  their  premises  of  telephonic  plant 
for  the  purpose  of  supplying  such  service, 

might  be  reversed,  and  that  it  might  be  declared  that  neither  of  the 
said  matters  might  be  taken  into  consideration  in  determining  the 
said  value,  and  that  the  amount  of  £10,•^.^9,79^>,  ascertained  as  the 
depreciated  value  of  the  said  plant,  might  be  reduced  by  the  snms 
allowed  by  the  Court  being  in  respect  of  («)  the  sum  of  £249,189 
and  in  respect  of  (A)  the  sum  of  i.  150,000. 

The  cross  notice  of  the  Telephone  Co.  stated  that,  upon  the 
hearing  of  the  Postmaster-Oenerars  appeal  from  the  order  and 
determination  of  the  Court  of  the  Railway  and  Canal  Commission, 
_  the  company  intended  to  contend  (if  and  bo  far  as  an  appeal  was 
open  to  the  respondents)  that  the  order  of  the  Court  of  the  Rail- 
way and  Canal  Commission  should  be  varied,  and  that  the  amount 
should  be  increased  to  such  amount  as  the  Court  should  seem  fit, 
and  that  the  order  and  determination  might  be  remitted  to  the 
Court  below  (if  need  be),  with  proper  directions  for  arriving  at 
the  amount  of  such  increase  and  all  other  necessary  or  expedient 
directions.  In  particular,  the  respondents  would  contend  that  tha- 
said  amount  was  insufficient  on  the  following  grounds  ;-- 

1.  There  was  no  evidence  or  legal  ground  to  justify  the  Court  in 
reducing  or  excluding  from  consideration  the  sums,  or  any  of 
them,  estimated  by  the  respondents  as  items  of  cost  over  and  above 
the  "agreed  fundamental  cost,"  which  would  be  incurred  in  con- 
structing and  establishing  the  plant. 

2.  The  method  of  depreciation  adopted  by  the  Court  was  wrong 
in  law,  and/or  there  wa,8  no  evidence  on  which  to  found  its  correct- 
ness, nor  of  disallowing  the  respondents'  basis  of  arriving  at  this 
allowance. 

3.  That  an  allowance  should  have  been  made  by  the  Court  by 
way  of  an  additional  sum  given  in  respondents'  favour,  in  view  of 
the  fact  that  substantially  the  whole  of  the  said  plant  was  suitable 
for  the  purpose  of  the  Postmaster-General's  telephonic  service, 
and/or  was  complete,  and  ready  in  xitv,  for  working  and  use  on 
December  3 Ist,  1911. 

4.  That  the  Court  were  wrong  in  their  disposal  of,  and  method 
of  dealing  with,  the  respondents"  respective  claims  under  the 
headings  of  "head  office  engineering,"  "contractors'  profits," 
"  contingencies,"  and  "separate  establishment." 

5.  That  the  Court  mistook  in  some  of  their  calculations  the 
meaning  of  "  value. " 

On  the  appeals  being  opened  by  the  Attorney-General  for  the 
Postmaster-General,  Mr.  Danckwerts,  for  the  Telephone  Co..  took 
the  preliminary  objection  that  no  appeal  by  the  Postmaster-General 
would  lie.  On  this  point,  after  hearing  the  Attorney-General  and 
the  Solicitor- General,  their  Lordships  reserved  judgment  until  the 
following  day. 

The  Master  of  the  Rolls  and  Lord  Justice  Kennedy  (Lord  Justice 
Buckley  dissenting)  then  held  that  the  preliminary  objection  failed, 
and  by  agreement  between  counsel  for  the  respective  partie;*,  and 
with  the"  consent  of  their  Lordships,  it  was  arranged  that,  pending 
an  appeal  by  the  Telephone  Co.  to  the  House  of  Lords  from  the 
decision  of  their  Lordships  upon  the  preliminary  objection,  the 
hearing  of  the  main  appeals  should  stand  over. 

The  Attorney-General  stated  that  he  would  endeavour  to  get  the 
House  of  Lords  to  hear  the  appeal  in  question  as  soon  as  possible. 


PROSErUTION   UNDER   THE   FACTORY   ACTS. 

"  As  a  result  of  the  electricity  regulations  not  being  complied  with, 
Thomas  James  Brownell  met  his  death  through  a  connector  socket 
not  being  protected."  remarked  Mr.  H.  H.  C.  Thomas  (H.M. 
Inspector  of  Factories)  in  prosecuting  the  Patent  Shaft  and  Axle- 
tree  Co.,  Ltd.,  Wednesbury,  on  Tuesday  in  last  week,  at  the  local 
Police  Court.  The  prosecution  was  under  the  Factory  and  Work- 
shop Act,  1901  and  1907,  Sec  136. 

The  Hon.  R.  W.  Coventry  defended,  and  Mr.  F,  A.  Piatt 
(Walsall)  appeared  for  Henry  Bates  (25),  who  had  been  summoned 
under  the  same  Act. 

The  connector  socket,  Mr.  Thomas  explained,  was  on  a  wooden 
horizontal  bar  near  to  a  drilling  machine  where  Brownell  worked, 

£ 


636 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.         [Voi.  72.   no.  i,m,  apbil  is,  1913. 


It  w»8  3  ft.  6  in.  from  the  frronnd,  and  1 2  in.  from  the  machine. 
At  the  time  of  the  accident  the  socket  was  connected  up  and 
charged  with  current,  which  had  a  Tolta^e  of  205  alternating. 
Some  time  before  the  accident  there  had  been  a  cover  on  the 
socket,  bat  this  had  not  been  so  for  a  fortnijrht  previously.  At 
the  spot  the  (ground  was  wet,  with  the  result  that  practically  the 
whole  of  the  voltage  would  be  applied  to  the  man's  body.  Although 
a  cover  had  been  off  the  socket  for  a  fortnight,  no  attempt  had 
been  made  to  replace  it. 

The  evidence  called  for  the  defence  was  to  the  effect  that  it  was 
an  unwritten  law  that  the  men  should  report  breakages.  From 
20  to  30  of  them  were  reported  every  day.  Men  were  continuously 
doing  repairs  about  the  works,  but  this  particular  plug  might  not 
have  been  seen. 

The  Stipendiary  Magistrate  decided  that  there  had  been  no 
negligence  by  the  firm,  and  dismissed  the  case. 

The  summons  against  Bates  was  withdrawn. 


PARLIAMENTARY. 


Soutbport  Corporation  Bill. 

Mb.  Middlebuook's  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons 
commenced  the  consideration  of  this  Bill  on  April  8th.  The  Bill  is 
an  Omnibus  Bill  dealing  with  a  number  of  proposals  affecting  the 
government  of  the  borough,  but  one  of  the  principal  objects  is  the 
obtaining  of  authority  to  run  trolley  vehicles  and  omnibuses.  Mr. 
H.  Lloyd,  K.C.,  and  Mr.  Jeeves  appeared  for  the  promoters,  and  a 
large  number  of  opponents  were  represented  by  counsel. 

Mb.  Lloyd,  K.C..  in  his  opening  address,  said  that  under  a  series 
of  orders  and  an  Act  of  Parliament,  a  system  of  tramways  had  been 
constructed  in  the  borough  which  was  worked  partly  by  the  Corpora- 
tion and  partly  by  their  lessees,  the  Southport  District  Tramways 
Co.  In  1900  the  CorporatiDn  obtained  powers  to  construct  a  new 
line  along  the  Promenade  ;  but  as  they  thought  on  further  con- 
sideration that  the  traffic  would  not  be  remunerative  the  powers 
were  allowed  to  lapse.  It  had  always  been  considered  desirable 
to  give  the  public  further  facilities  along  the  route,  and  it  was 
felt  that  a  system  of  trackless  trolley-cars  would  give  these 
facilities.  The  cost  of  the  equipment  of  the  scheme  was  estimated 
to  be  £3.500,  with  £2,250  for  the  vehicles.  The  chief  opponents 
were  the  Victoria  Pier  and  Promenade  Hotel  Co.,  who  submitted 
that  the  troUey-cars  would  injure  the  hotel ;  the  Lancashire  and 
Yorkshire  Railway  Co.,  who  contended,  amongst  other  things,  that 
the  carriage  of  goods  on  the  tramway  would  be  injurious  to  the 
district ;  and  the  Cheshire  Lines  Committee,  who  opposed  on  the 
ground  of  competition.  The  Southport  Tramways  Co.  and  the 
Birkdale  Electric  Supply  Co.  had  also  presented  petitions  against 
the  BiU. 

Mr.  J.  B.  Hamilton,  general  manager  of  the  Leeds  Corporation 
Tramways,  gave  evidence  to  the  effect  that  he  had  carefully 
examined  the  proposed  route,  and  considered  it  suitable  for  a  track- 
less trolley  system.  He  looked  on  the  route  as  one  upon  which 
people  would  ride  to  and  fro  for  a  constitutional.  He  estimated  a 
gross  revenue  of  lOd.  per  mile,  and  that  there  would  be  a  net 
surplus  of  £189  per  annum. 

In  cross-examination  by  Mr.  Ram,  K.C.  (representing  the  John- 
son Trustees),  witness  said  the  troUey-cars  created  much  less  dust 
than  motor-cars.  It  had  not  been  decided  whether  the  cars  would 
be  single  or  double-decked. 

In  answer  to  Mr.  Forbes  Lankester,  witness  said  it  was  pro- 
posed to  take  powers  for  carrying  goods  and  minerals  on  the  trolley 
cars.  It  was  true  that  in  the  cases  of  Bradford  and  Keighley  there 
was  a  prohibition  in  this  respect. 

After  some  discussion,  Mr.  Jeeves  intimated  that  his  clients 
would  agree  to  a  prohibition  of  the  carriage  of  parcels  beyond 
66  lb.  in  weight. 

Witness  was  cross-examined  at  length  by  Mr.  Forbe.s  Laxkesteb 
for  the  Victoria  Pier  and  Hotel  Co.  on  the  point  that  in  a  seaside 
town  of  the  character  of  Southport  it  was  better  to  keep  the  Front 
free  from  tramway  or  trolley,  and,  in  reply,  he  said  that  while  this 
was  a  matter  of  high  policy  with  which  he  could  not  deal,  yet  from 
his  point  of  view  he  thought  this  was  a  road  on  which  the  poor 
man's  car  should  be  allowed  as  well  as  the  rich  man's. 

Alderman  T.  P.  Griffiths  (chairman  of  the  Parliamentary 
Committee  of  the  Southport  Corporation)  gave  evidence  in  support 
of  the  scheme,  and  said  the  trolley  cars  would  add  another  to 
Sonthport's  many  attractions. 

Mb,  R,  p.  Hirst,  consulting  engineer  to  the  Corporation,  con- 
sidered there  would  be  no  fear  of  vibration  from  the  running  of  the 
trolleys  along  the  Promenade. 

Other  local  evidence  was  called  in  support  of  the  Bill. 

Mr.  Forbes  Lankester,  on  behalf  of  the  Cheshire  Lines  Com- 
mittee, said  that  having  arrived  at  the  limit  of  5)i  lb.  for  parcels, 
he  would  not  trouble  the  Committee  further  with  regard  to  the 
trackless  trolley  proposals. 

Mb.  Vesey  Kno.\,  K.C.  (Lancashire  and  York.»hire  Railway  Co.), 
said  the  particular  route  would  not  affect  his  clients'  interests, 
but  they  wanted  safeguards  introduced  having  regard  to  Sec.  31  of 
the  Bill,  under  which  it  was  proposed  to  apply  to  the  Board  of 
Trade  for  prov.  orders  for  new  routes.  He  asked  that  notices  of 
intention  to  apply  for  such  prov.  orders  should  be  inserted  in  tha 
GazHtr,  as  well  as  in  th«  local  paperi. 


A  large  number  of  witnesses  then  gave  evidence  to  the  effect 
that  the  trolley  cars  would  affect  property  detrimentally. 

The  Committee  decided  to  approve  the  scheme,  and  inserted 
clauses  for  the  protection  of  the  property  of  the  Cheshire  Lines 
Committee. 

On  April  15th,  having  heard  the  opposition  of  licensed  vehicle 
owners,  the  Committee  rejected  the  motor-omnibus  proposals. 


iMetro|iulitan  Raihvay  Bill. 

On  April  10th  a  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Lords,  presided 
over  by  Lord  Sanderson,  commenced  the  consideration  of  this  Bill 
for  purchasing  the  Great  Northern  and  City  Railway,  and  for 
making  two  extensions  of  that  line. 

Mb.  Li.ovd,  K.C,  in  opening  the  cas€  for  the  promoters,  said 
the  Bill  was  an  omnibus  one  containing  a  number  of  provisions, 
many  of  which  were  not  opposed.  The  main  features  of  the  Bill 
were,  first,  to  sanction  the  vesting  in  the  Metropolitan  Railway  Co. 
of  the  undertaking  of  the  Great  Northern  and  City  Railway  Co.  ; 
and  secondly,  to  authorise  the  Metropolitan  Railway  Co.  to  construct 
certain  new  raQways  as  an  extension  of  the  Great  Northern  and 
City  line.  The  Bill  also  asked  for  powers  to  enable  the  Metropolitan 
Co.  to  enter  into  agreement  with  the  London  and  South-Western 
Railway  Co.  for  the  construction  and  working  of  one  of  the 
extensions,  and  for  the  working  of  through  traffic.  The  first  part 
of  the  BiU,  which  was  unopposed,  was  that  which  sought  to  vest 
in  the  Metropolitan  Co.  the  existing  undertaking  of  the  Great 
Northern  and  City  Co.  That  was  an  electrically-worked  tube  rail- 
way of  about  3i  miles  in  length  extending  from  Finsbury  Park 
to  Moorgate  Street.  It  was  recognised  shortly  after  the  line  was 
opened  that  if  it  was  to  serve  a  really  useful  purpose, 
and  was  likely  to  be  remunerative,  it  must  be  carried  on  beyond 
Moorgate  Street,  where  it  now  stopped,  and  in  1902  the  company 
obtained  powers  to  extend  the  line  from  Moorgate  Street  to  Loth- 
bury.  Unfortunately  the  company  had  never  bten  able  to  find  the 
money  to  construct  the  extension,  and  the  powers  had  lapsed. 
The  result  had  been  very  unfortunate  to  the  Great  Northern  and 
City  Co.,  for  they  had  found  themselves  in  a  financial  position 
which  had  prevented  them  doing  that  for  the  public  which  they 
desired  to  do.  The  line  had  no  connection  with  any  other 
railway,  and  the  company  had  not  been  able  to  pay  its  fixed 
charges,  and  it  could  not  go  on  in  its  present  hands.  That  position 
had  been  fully  realised  by  the  directors  and  stock  holders  of  the 
company,  and  they  had  been  approached  from  time  to  time  by 
many  other  companies  who  were  interested  in  their  traffic,  and 
after  considerable  negotiations  the  Metropolitan  Co.  had  succeeded 
in  arranging  terms  by- which  the  Great  Northern  and  City  Co.  was 
to  cease  to  exist  as  a  separate  entity,  and  wm  to  become  amalga- 
mated with  the  Metropolitan.  The  result  was  the  promotion  of  the 
present  Bill.  Originally  there  were  four  extensions  proposed,  but 
two  had  been  struck  out.  The  two  proposals  that  remained  in  the 
Bill  were  first  for  extending  the  Great  Northern  and  City  line  from 
Moorgate  Street  to  Lothbury,  which  was  practically  a  re-enact- 
ment of  the  line  which  was  authorised  in  1902,  and  the  second 
proposal  was  to  form  a  junction  with  the  Waterloo  and  City  Rail- 
way at  the  Bank  Station.  The  result  of  the  construction  of  these 
two  extensions  would  be  to  enable  the  Great  Northern  and  City  line 
to  be  carried  to  the  point  where  Parliament  intended  it  should  be 
carried  so  long  ago  as  1902,  and  it  would  also  bring  people 
from  the  North  of  London  into  direct  communication  with  the 
London  and  South-Western  Railway.  The  estimated  cost  of  the 
first  extension  was  £256,540,  and  of  the  second  £53,749. 

Having  proceeded  to  detail  to  the  Committee  the  manner  in  which 
it  was  proposed  to  construct  the  proposed  extensions,  counsel  dealt 
with  the  opposition,  which  chiefly  came  from  the  City  Coporation, 
the  Bank  of  England,  the  Grocers'  Company,  the  Gresham  Assur- 
ance Co.,  and  the  Northern  Assurance  Co.  He  said  that  the  objec- 
tions of  the  City  Corporation  were  against  interference  with  streets 
in  the  heart  of  the  City  and  depreciation  of  property  which  might 
result.  Those  objections  could  easily  be  met,  and  in  view  of  the 
great  public  advantage  of  the  scheme,  he  felt  sure  that  the  City 
authorities  were  not  really  antagonistic  to  the  proposals.  Dealing 
with  the  allegations  of  other  petitioners  that  damage  might  be 
caused  to  their  property  from  the  excavation  of  the  subsoil  and  the 
pumping  out  of  water,  Mr.  Lloyd  said  they  were  the  same  objec- 
tions as  were  brought  forward  in  1902,  when  Parliament  approved 
the  scheme. 

Mb.  Ram,  K.C,  who  appeared  for  the  Bank  of  England,  said  that 
while  the  Governors  and  directors  of  that  institution  had  no  desire 
to  oppose  a  scheme  which  might  be  for  the  public  advantage,  they 
felt  that  the  Bank  should  be  granted  the  fullest  possible  protection. 
Mb.  R.  H.  Selbie,  general  manager  of  the  Metropolitan  Railway, 
having  given  evidence  in  favour  of  the  scheme,  the  Committee 
adjourned. 

(7"o  he  continued.') 


London  County  Council  Tramirays.— The  House  of  Lords' 
Standing  Orders  Committee  have  decided  that  the  Standing  Orders 
not  complied  with  in  respect  of  the  London  County  Council  Tram- 
ways, Trolley  Vehicles  and  Improvements  Bill  shall  be  dispensed 
with,  subject  to  the  omission  therefrom  of  tramways  2,  4,  4 A,  5, 
5a,  0,  8,  8a  and  8b.  and  to  the  consent  of  the  Hampstead  Borough 
Council  in  respect  of  tramway  3a  being  proved  before  the  Com- 
mittes  on  the  Bill.  The  proposals  which  are,  therefore,  to  be  struck 


Vol.  72.  No.  1,847.  apuil  18,  i»i3.]       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVreW. 


687 


ont  of  the  Bill  are  the  fnllowinir  :  A  dooble  line  between  the  county 
boundary  in  Finohley  Road  and  the  exixtini;  tramways  in  Chalk 
Farm  Roaii,  (<'■!  Finchlt-y  Road,  Avenue  Rond,  Adelaidit  Road  and 
Chalk  Farm  Road  ;  a  sinifle  Inop  lino  from  Fonthill  Road,  via 
Evershot  Road,  Ilanley  Road,  Ro(rina  Road  and  ToUinfrton  Park 
into  Fonthill  Road  again,  and  tiion  a  doublo  line  alone  Fonthill 
Road  to  the  existintr  tramways  in  thp  Seven  SiHlerH  Roa<l  ;  a  double 
line  from  the  cziHtin);  tramway*  in  Oray'H  Inn  Road  to  Farrin(;don 
Road,  rid  Holborn  and  Charterhouse  Street  ;  a  double  line  from 
Farrinpdon  Roa<i  to  Ludtrate  tJircus  ;  and  the  tramway  in  connec- 
tion with  the  proposed  new  St.  I'aul'H  Bridge. 

Ely  Valley  Gas  and  Electricity  Bill.— The  Standing  OrderB 
Committee  of  the  House  of  Lords  have  decided  that  the  i'tanding 
Orders  not  complied  with  in  respect  of  the  above  Bill,  ought  not  to 
be  dispensed  with,  and  accordingly  the  Bill  will  not  proceed.  The 
proposal  was  to  incorporate  a  company  with  a  capital  of  £45,000 
to  supply  eoAi  and  electricity. 

Uove  Corporation  Bill. — The  Chairman  of  Committees 
reports  that  the  opposition  to  the  Hove  Corporation  Bill  has  been 
withdrawn.  The  Bill  contains  clauses  for  the  purchase  of  the 
electric  light  undertaking. 

Leeds  Corporation  Bill. — The  Standing  Orders  Committee  of 
the  House  of  Lords  considered  this  Bill  on  April  10th,  when  the 
Parliamentary  Agent  stated  that  the  tramway  in  regard  to  which 
there  had  been  a  non-compliance  with  the  Standing  Orders,  had 
been  struck  out.  Under  these  circumstances,  it  wai?  decided  to 
allow  the  Bill  to  proceed. 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 


wiring.  Each  dimmer  oonnlntii  of  a  reilitanoe  plate  baring  a  large 
number  of  contacts  and  an  operating  handle,  »o  that  the  reaUtanc« 
in  the  lighting  circuit  can  be  iucrenwd  or  reduced  to  lower  or 
brighten  the  llgbte.  The  dimmer  plates  arp  standardlaed  and  m< 
arranged  that  a  number  can  )>e  mouiittd  tognthor  to  deal  with 
separate  circuits.  Tlit^y  ar<-  suitable  for  any  lighting  voltage.  A.C. 
or  n.i'.  Kach  dinim<!r  is  specially  arranged  with  un  "  off  |Kjsition, 
MO  that  the  lights  may  be  left  fully  on  or  fully  off  indefinitely. 

A  New  Lampholder. 

Mkhhuh.  Jons  I>i  (iiMi.L  k  Co.,  of  FttiUwjrth,  are  placing  on  the 
market  a  "  high-duty  lampholder,"  which  has  tjeen  provlalonally 
protected,  and  in  which  "  an  arch  or  loop  of  springy  metal "  ia 
used  supplementary  to,  or  in  Hubatitution],for  the  ordinary  spring 
plunger  contact  stud. 

In  one  of  the  samples  submitted,  two  stri[m  of  ribbon  metal  are 
looped  round  the  two  plungers,  V)eing  faetenod  by  the  holding-in 
screws  under  the  latter  and  bunt  round  so  ae  to  pass  over  the  tip» 
of  the  plungers.  The  connection  between  the  bousing  and  the  end 
of  the  stud  is  thus  continuous  metal,  not  through  a  sliding  contact , 
when  pressure  is  applied,  as  during  insertion  of  the  lamp  it  is  claimed 
that  the  springy  loop  flattens  and  accommodates  itself  to  the  snrfaoea 
of  the  segments,  ensuring  a  broad  contact  area,  instead  of  the  com- 
paratively small  contact  area  of  the  present  type  of  plunger. 

Another  sample  sent  has  a  conical  spiral  spring  of  ribbon  metal 

looped  round  the  plunger  stud  and  rigidly  connected  at  its  base  ; 

the  end  turns  make  contact  with  the  lamp  cap,  supplementing  the 

•  ordinary   plunger   contacts   and    giving,    it   is   c'aimed.   inoreased 

current-carrying  capacity. 

Messrs.  Dugdill  claim  that  these  lampholders  are  aoitabW 
connectors  for  radiator?,  small  motors,  inc. 


The  Oldbam  '^Emergency"  Electric  Lamp. 

The  Oldham  "  Emergency  "  electric  lamp,  which  was  recently 
approved  by  the  Home  OiHce  for  use  in  coal  mines,  is  of  the  bull's- 
eye  type,  as  shown  in  fig.  1. 

The  case  is  of  cast  alnminium,  with  a  cover  secured  by  a  lead 
rivet  lock.  The  electrical  accumulator  is  so  constructed  as  to 
prevent  escape  of  the  liquid,  whatever  the  position  of  the  lamp, 
whilst  allowing  the  escape  of  gas  generated  by  chemical  action  in 
the  accumulator.  A  flame-tight  screwed  plug  of  vulcanite  encloses 
the  contact  made  between   the   insulated  lead   and   the  positive 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Fig.  1.— The  Oldham  "Emergency"  Miner's  Lamp. 


terminal  of  the  cell.  The  switch  is  contained  in  a  flame-tight 
enclosure,  the  cover  of  which,  with  its  washer,  is  secured  by  screws. 
The  screw-heads  are  pierced  so  that  a  wire  may  be  threaded 
through,  and  the  ends  sealed  with  lead  seals.  The  lamp  bulb  and 
reflector  are  contained  in  a  second  enclosure,  which  communi- 
cates with  the  switch  enclosure.  It  is  made  flame-tight  by  means 
of  a  screwed  ring  containing  the  lens,  and  a  washer.  The  ring  is 
prevented  from  unscrewing  by  means  of  a  clip  secured  by  screws, 
the  heads  of  which  are  pierced  as  in  the  case  of  the  switch  cover 
screws.  The  total  weight  of  the  lamp  is  not  more  than  4  lb.  8  oz., 
and  it  is  capable  of  maintaining  a  light  of  I'S  c.P.  throughout  a 
period  of  not  less  than  10  hours.  The  lamp  is  only  to  be  used  for 
work  of  rescue  or  exploration  in  the  case  of  an  accident  or  other 
emergency,  or  by  oflficials,  and  is  made  by  Messes.  Oldham  and 
Son,  Denton,  near  Manchester. 

Cinema  Theatre  Dimmers. 

The  Adams  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Balfour  House,  Finsbury 
Pavement,  E.G.,  have  brought  out  the  "Adams  Igranic"  cinema 
theatre  dimmers,  to  enable  changes  of  illumiuation  from  dark  to 
light  to  be  gradual  and  painless ;  they  can  be  so  arranged 
that  the  same  movement  that  gradually  dims  the  white  lights 
will  also  gradually  brighten  the  reds,  and  so  on,  and  can  be 
mounted  in  the  operator's  room  with  praotioftUy  no  alteration  of  the 


*'  Plexsini."'—  Mkssus.   Simplex  Coxduits,  Ltd.,  have 

registered  the  above  word  for  use  in  connection  with  their 
electric  heating  and  cooking  system,  the  increasing  importance  of 
this  department  of  their  business  rendering  it  advisable  to  give 
these  manufactures  a  descriptive  mark  differentiating  them  from 
"  Simplex  ''  lines  such  as  conduits  aud  fittings.  In  future,  there- 
fore, all  their  heating  and  cooking  appliances  will  be  labelled 
"  Plexsim." 

Reversible    Oil    Engine.— Messes.    Bovixg    &    Co., 

Ltd.,  of  9i,  Union  Court,  Old  Broad  Street,  E.C.,  inform  us  that 
they  are  now  running  a  16-h.p.  marine  "Avance"  crude  oil 
engine,  with  special  reversible  propeller  equipment,  on  load  at 
Southampton.  Similar  exhibitions  will  be  held  at  various  leading 
seaports  in  this  country. 

Cable  Works  in  Austria, — The  Hungarian  Felten  and 

Guilleaume  Co.,  of  Buda-Pesth,  records  net  profits  of  £32,500  for 
1912,  as  contrasted  with  £29,600  in  the  preceding  year,  and  the 
dividend  is  at  the  rate  of  17i  per  cent.,  as  against  16i  per  cent,  in 
1911.  A  considerable  number  of  orders  was  incompleted  at  the  end 
of  1912,  and  notwithstanding  the  unfavourable  circumstances 
affecting  the  political  horizon  and  the  money  market,  the  com- 
pany's degree  of  employment  is  said  to  be  very  satisfactory  at  the 
present  time. 

The  report  of  Felten  &  Guilleaume,  of  Vienna,  states  that  the 
company  was  abundantly  employed  during  1912.  It  was  not  easy 
to  predict  the  prospects  for  the  new  year,  owing  to  the  uncertain 
political  situation  and  the  monetary  stringency,  which  caused 
customers  to  exercise  reserve  in  the  allocation  of  orders.  Nevertheless, 
a  considerable  stock  of  orders  had  been  brought  over  into  1913,  and 
the  degree  of  activity  was  good.  The  net  profits  earned  in  1912,  after 
placing  £18,000  to  depreciation  as  compared  with  £17,000  in  1911, 
amount  to  £1 17,000,  inclusive  of  the  balance  forward,  as  contrasted 
with  £102,000  in  the  previous  year.  It  is  proposed  to  pay  a 
dividend  of  17^  per  cent.,  as  against  16i  per  cent,  in  1911. 

Book  IMotices. —  The  Aviation  Pocket-Book  for  1918. 
By  R.  Borlase  Matthews.  London  :  Crosby  Lockwood  &  Son. 
Price  3s.  6d.  net. — This  volume  is  a  sign  of  the  times  ;  aviation 
(why  not  "  flying  "  .')  is  now  becoming  a  common-place,  the  science 
an  industry,  and  the  industry  is  being  equipped  with  pocket-books, 
journals,  directories,  manuals,  catalogues  and  all  the  other  acces- 
sories which  mark  the  firm  establishment  of  a  new  branch  of 
engineering,  including  an  Act  of  Parliament.  The  next  phase  will 
doubtless  be  litigation.  At  any  rate,  here  is  the  first  pocket-book — 
the  work  of  a  well-known  electrical  engineer,  who  has  now  turned 
his  attention  to  shipping.  There  is  very  little  in  the  book,  as  in 
the  art,  of  direct  electrical  interest  ;  the  ignition  of  the  enginas 
and  the  use  of  the  magnetic  compass  at  present  cover  this  part  of 
the  subject,  but  wireless  telegraphy  is  practically  the  only  possible 
means  of  communication  with  aeroplanes,  and  will  become  of  in- 
creasing importance  in  this  connection.  The  contents  of  the  book 
cover,  broadly,  the  whole  field  of  theory  and  practice,  and  will 
undoubtedly  prove  very  useful  to  the  flying  man.  A  list  of  "Aero 
Clubs  and  Societies  "  reveals  the  surprising  fact  that  there  are  more 
than  100  of  these  in  existence  in  this  country  and  the  oversea 
Dominions. 

The  Wireles)  M'orld.  for  April — the  first  issue  of  the  new  maga- 
zine which  has  replaced  the  Marconigraph — comes  ont  with  a 
striking  multi-colour  cover  showing  "  wireless  "  spanning  the  globe 
in  a  series  of  zig-zag:  flashes,  which  might  with  advauta^a  have 


638 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.         lVol  73.  No.  1,847,  apbil  is,  1913. 


been  arranfred  to  form  a  Morse  message  instead  of  what  appear  to 
be  a  raudom  ^noceseion  of  o'b  and  b's.  An  introductory  article 
fczplftina  that  the  ina^rarine  is  to  be  "  popular,"  and  that  the  in- 
formation eiven  in  iU"  paffes.  while  worthy  of  the  attention  of  the 
scientist,  will  not  be  beyond  the  scope  of  the  general  public.  A 
special  feature  is  to  be  the  subjt'ct  of  wireless  teleerapbr  as  a 
factor  in  National  defence  :  with  this  in  view,  a  special  course  of 
lectures  for  "  wireless  amateurs"  will  appear  in  each  issne.  A 
biopraphicul  notice  of  Commendatore  G.  Marconi,  whose  birthday 
is  April  2."th.  together  with  a  portrait,  appropriately  forms  the 
openinp  article.  Other  interestinif  items  are  articles  on  the  Aden- 
Berbera  wireless  stations  ;  the  new  Atlantic  sentinel,  the  .sVo/m, 
which  is  to  give  warning  by  wireless  of  the  presence  of  ioe  :  the 
qualifications  and  prospects  of  the  wireless  engineer  ;  a  short  story  : 
the  scheme  for  free  instruction  in  wireless  telegraphy  for  Terri- 
torial", \e..  already  outlined  in  our  article  on  the  Marconi  School  : 
and  numerous  other  features,  the  whole  forming  an  issue  which 
reflects  creat  credit  on  all  concerned  in  its  production. 

'■  Examinations  in  Science  and  Technology.  1913."  London  : 
Wyman  A:  Sons.  Ltd.     Price  9d. 

■'  Electric  Furnaces  in  the  Iron  and  Steel  Industry. '  By 
Dipl.  Ing.  W.  Rodenhauser  and  I.  Schoenawa.  1913.  London  : 
Chapman  A;  Hall.  Ltd.     Price  158.  net. 

"The  Illuminating  Engineer."  No.  4,  Vol.  VI.  April.  1913. 
London  ;  Athet.iiim  Press.     Price  Is. 

"Australian  Mineral  Statistics."  191.S.  Melbourne:  Mining 
'i>anaaid.     Price  2s.  6d. 

"  Tran*ai'tion»  of  the  University  of  Toronto  Engineering  Society." 
VoL  VII,  No.  .").     March  1913.    Toronto  ;  Thfe  Society. 

"Journal  of  the  Western  Society  of  Engineers."  Vol.  XVIII, 
No.  2.     February.  1913.     Chicago  :  The  Society.     Price  50  cents. 

'^ Journal  of  the  American  Society  of  31echanical  Engineers" 
VoL  .\.\XV,  No.  4.  April.  1913.  New  York  :  The  Society. 
Price  35  cents. 

'■  Annual  Report  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  1911." 
Washington     Government  Printing  Office. 

"Journal  of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects."  January, 
Febmary  and  March,  1913^  Washington :  The  Institute.  Price 
50  cents  each. 

"  Third  International  Congress  of  Refrigeration,  Washington  and 
Chicago,  September,  1913."     Chicago  :  J.  F.  Nickerson.  secretary. 

■'  Bulletin  of  the  Association  des  Ingenieurs  Electriciens. " 
Vol.  XII.  No.  12.  December.  1912.  Liege  :  The  Association. 
Price  7  fr. 

"Chronique  Ulustr^e  dn  Conconrs  International  de  Telegraphic 
Pratique,  Toxin,  1911."  Rome  :  II  Ministro  per  le  Poste  e 
I  Telegrafi. 

"  Elektrische  Kraft  libertragung  in  Zementfabriken."  Berlin 
Allgemeine  Elektricitats-Gesellschaft. 

"OflBcial  Wireless  Map  of  the  World. "  1913.  London:  George 
Philip  a:  Son,  Ltd.     Price  2-(.  6d.  net. 

"Post  OflBoe  Electrical  Engineers'  Journal."  Vol.  6,  Part  I. 
April.  1913.  London :  H.  Alabaster.  Gatehouse  i:  Co.  Price 
Is.  net. 

"  Electricity  and  its  Practical  Applications. '  By  Magnus  Maclean. 
London  :  Rlackie  A^  Son,  Ltd.     Price  lOs.  fid.  net. 

"Third  Annual  Report,  1912,  of  the  British  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce in  Belerium."     Brussels  :  2,  Rue  de  la  Bourse. 

".eKZ/<!^«  of  the  Imperial  Institute.  '  Vol.  XI,  No.  1.  January- 
March,  1913.    London:  John  Murray.     Prioe23.6d.net. 

"British  Chamber  of  Commerce  Quarterly  Trade  Journal." 
No.  21,  March,  1913.  Constantinople  :  OflBcea  of  the  Chamber. 
Price  2s.  6d. 

"Bulletin  Jlensuel  of  the  Societe  Beige  d'Electriciens."  Vol. 
XXX.     February.  I'J  13.     Brussels  :  E.  Bruylant.     Price  1  fr.  75  c. 

Bankraptcy    Proceedings.  —  Robert   ED^vAnD  Jov 

(Bristol  Electrical  Co),  electrical  engineer,  US.  Cheltenham  Road, 
Bristol. — Application  for  discharge  of  debtor  to  be  heard  at  Bristol 
on  May  23rd. 

William  Loxgdex  and  Vebxok  Gkobge  Cobb  (trading  as 
Longden  &  Cobb),  electrical  engineers.  101a.  Derby  Road,  Notting- 
ham.— The  adjourned  public  examination  of  the  above-named 
debtors  was  held  last  week  at  the  County  Court  House,  St.  Peter's 
Gate,  Nottingham,  when  the  case  was  formally  closed. 

Jame<<  William  Lewsley,  electrician,  O.i,  Brierley  Street,  late 
103,  Mansfield  Road,  Nottingham. — The  adjourned  public  examina- 
tion of  this  debtor  was  fixed  to  take  place  last  week  at  the  County 
Court  House,  St.  Peters  Gate,  Nottingham,  before  Mr.  Registrar 
Beaumont.  It  was  stated  that  criminal  proceedings  had  been  taken 
against  the  debtor  in  respect  of  certain  matters  connected  with  his 
failure.  The  OflBcial  Receiver  said  that  in  these  circumstances  it 
would  be  best  to  adjourn  the  examination,  and  the  Registrar  having 
given  his  consent,  the  case  was  formally  adjourned. 

J.  G.  S.  CrssiXGTOS  and  H.  P.  Allisux  (Laing,  Wharton  and 
Cunnington),  electrical  engineers  and  contractors.  Great  Newport 
Street,  London. — Last  day  for  receipt  of  proofs  for  dividend,  April 
29th.     Trustee,  Mr.  A.  Page.  l'>.  King  Street,  E.C. 

Electrical  Exports  from  France. — There  was  a  Ijrge 

falling  off  la.-t  year  in  the  value  of  the  exports  of  dynamo-electric 
machinery  from  France,  the  returns  lately  issutd  showing  a  total  of 
only  £119,520.  as  compared  with  £lsO,700  in  1911.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  exports  of  electrical  apparatus  increased  in  value  from 
£371,f<40  to  iL423,f"iO. 

Oissolation.s     and    Liqaidations. — The    partnership 

existing  between  Dre.n.nax,  Gloveb  A:  Cooper,  electrical  engineers, 
427-131.  Com  Exchange  Buildings,  Manchester,  and  Milburn  House, 
Newcastle-on-Tyne,  has  been  dissolved  by  mutual  consent.  Mr. 
Drennan  and  Mr.  Cooper  will  continue  to  trade  under  the  style  of 
Drennan  k  Cooper,  at  the  same  address  at  Manchester,  and  Mr, 


Glover,  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Bernard  Oaffney,  will  continue 
under  the  style  of  Glover  &  Gaffoey  at  12,  Eldon  Square,  NewcasMe- 
on-Tyne.  All  acoount«  of  the  late  firm  will  be  attended  to  by 
Messrs.  Drennan  t  Cooper  at  th'^  old  address. 

Me.«sbs.  E  Readeb  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  Nottingham. — This  company 
is  winding  up  voluntarily,  with  Mr.  W.  R.  Hamilton,  Victoria 
Street,  Nottingham,  as  liquidator.  A  meeting  of  creditors  is  called 
for  April  22  nd. 

Wezdon  Lamp  Co.,  electric  lamp  agents,  22  and  23,  Verulam 
Street,  London,  E.C. — Messrs.  Douglas  Robinson  and  Johan  Agerup 
have  dissolved  partnership.    Mr.  Agerup  will  attend  to  debts. 

AiiAMS  Manuvactirinp,  Co.,  Ltd.— We  are  informed  that  an 
order  was  made  on  Saturday  last  by  Mr.  Justice  Swinfen  Eady 
appointing  Mr.  Lewis  Hardy  receiver  and  manager  on  behalf  of 
the  debenture-holders  of  this  company.  It  is  stated  that  no 
interruption  will  be  caused  in  carrying  on  the  business,  as  the 
Receiver,  under  leave  of  the  judge  is  to  continue  its  business. 
Arrangements  for  the  re-construction  of  the  company  are  in  pro- 
cess of  being  made. 

Joassox-LrsDELL  Electbic  Tbaction  Co,  Ltd.— Creditors 
should  send  particulars  of  their  debts.  &c.,  to  Mr.  A.  E.  Messer,  14. 
Old  Jewry  Chambers,  E.C,  the  liquidator,  by  May  3l8t. 

Spain. — A  new  company  has  lately  been  formed  in 
Madrid  with  the  title  La  Sociedad  E^panola  de  Construcciones 
Electrica?,  to  carry  on  an  electrical  engineering  business. 

Manafactnre    of   Instruments    and    Meters. — The 

United  States  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labour  has  issued  a 
special  report  dealing  with  the  manufacture  of  electrical  instru- 
ments and  meters  in  the  United  Kingdom,  France,  Germany  and 
Italy.  The  works  of  31  leading  firms  are  described,  attention 
being  paid  to  equipment,  number  of  employd's,  and  especially  to 
the  nature  of  the  products  manufactured.  The  report  may  be  seen 
by  electrical  instrument  rnakers  in  the  United  Kingdom  at  the 
Commercial  Intelligence  Branch  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  73, 
Basinghall  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Exhibition  in  Australia. — Steps  are  now  being  taken 

by  the  Victorian  Chamber  of  Manufactures  for  carrying  out  the 
design  of  the  Associated  Chambers  for  holding  an  "  All-Australian  " 
Exhibition  in  Melbourne,  opening  in  September  and  closing  in 
November.  The  scheme  of  the  Associated  Chambers  of  Manu- 
factures of  Australia  is  to  hold  such  an  exhibition  in  the  various 
States  of  the  Commonwealth  in  rotation,  the  commencement  being 
made  in  Melbourne  this  year.  The  special  feature  of  this  exhibition 
is  to  be  trade  proces-ses  in  operation,  and  working  exhibits. — 
Avutralian  Miniinj  Standard, 

Water    Softener    Contracts.— Messes.  Lassex  and 

Hjobt  have  received  orders  from  the  undernoted  daring  the  last 
few  weeks  for  the  installation  of  their  automatic  water  softeners  of 
an  aggregate  capacity  of  1,030,000  gallons  per  day. 

Oas  Light  and  Coke  Co.,  Ltd.,  150  000;  Imperial  Paper  Mills,  Qravesend, 
360.000;  Monton  Mill  Co.,  Eccles,  72  000;  Poctland  Cement  Co.,  Aberthaw, 
18,000;  Distillers'  Co.,  Dundalk,  9fi,000;  Chiswick  Electricity  Works,  34,000; 
Maxied  &  Eoott,  Store;  Bros  ,  Lancaster,  Premier  Portland  Cement  Co., 
'Wellingt>orougbj  Brighton  Schools,  Brighton,  2S0,0J0  gallons  per  day. 

The  firm's  water  softener  has  been  exclusively  adopted  by  Messrs. 
Babcock  S:  Wilcox.  Ltd. 

Catalognes  and  Lists. — Messrs.  T.  &  E.  Wannbacheb, 

.5,  Appold  Street,  London,  E.C. — Leaflet  No.  85,  giving  illustrated 
particulars  and  prices  of  small  centrifugal  pumps. 

The  Isterxatioxal  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  111-115,  Salusbury 
Road,  Kilbum,  N.W. — Leaflet  giving  illustrations  and  prio«8  of 
their  domestic  "Talkyphone,"  1913  model. 

Mb.  Haydx  Habbisox,  11,  Victoria  Street,  London,  S.W. — 
Third  edition  (nearly  60  pages)  of  his  street  lighting  pamphlet. 
This  contains  excellent  art  paper  illustrations  of  a  variety  of 
designs  of  bracket  arm  fittings,  tramway  and  wood-pole  brackets 
and  fittings,  square  type  lanterns.  i:c.,  also  scale  drawings  of 
lantern  fittings  as  used  at  Marylebone,  in  the  City  of  London,  and 
at  Harrogate,  as  well  as  similar  drawings  of  time  and  half-night 
switches,  and  patent  switch  fuses.  Other  contents  include  patent 
anti-vibration  lampholdt-rs,  posts  for  high  c.p.  lighting  and  side 
street  service,  the  Universal  photometer,  and  the  Harrison 
lightometer  for  testing  illumination  and  c  P.  Several  pages  are 
occupied  with  tables  and  useful  data  respecting  electric  street 
lighting.     A  list  of  places  using  Harrison  street  fittings  is  given. 

Messrs.  Siemexs  Bros,  ic  Co.,  Ltd.,  Woolwich,  Kent. — Reprint 
No.  5u8C.,  fully  describing  and  illustrating  their  testing  instru- 
ments for  magnetic  measurements  in  iron  and  steel  works. 

Messes.  Reinforced  Metal,  Ltd.,  175,  West  George  Street, 
Glasgow. — 20-page  pamphlet  explaining  their  method  of  steel  and 
concrete  construction,  known  as  reinforced  metal,  and  containing  a 
report  by  Prof.  Andrew  (Iray.  of  Glasgow.  A  collection  of 
reinforced  concrete  steel  columns  is  being  shown  at  the  Building 
Trades  Exhibition,  now  open  at  Olympia. 

Messes.  Habper  k  Bros.,  45,  Albemarle  Street,  W.— List  of 
book?,  including  technical  publications. 

Messrs.  Vebitys,  Ltd..  London  and  Birmingham. — Publication 
No.  74 1  gives  illustrated  information  respecting  "  Aston  "  portable 
electric  lamps — pocket,  hand,  cycle,  motor-car  inspection  and  other 
typfs.  also  "Aston"  electric  cooking  apparatus  (the  "Utility" 
cooking  set,  electric  oven,  irons,  kettles,  ic).     Prices  are  stated. 

The  Gexebal  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  <;7,  Queen  Victoria  Street, 
London,  E.C— Fully  illustrated  catalogue  (No.  5)  of  44  pages 
relating  to  their  manufactures  for  stage  and  theatre  lighting. 
Among  other  appliances  described  in  this  publication  are  stage  arc 
lamps  and  accessories ;  liquid  and  metallic  dimmers  and  other 
resistances  ;  Osram  drawn  wire  lamps  and  Roberteon  lamps  ;  cine- 


Vol.  73.    No.  1,R17,  ArniL  18,  1913.]  THE     ELECTRICAXi     REVIEW. 


680 


matoKraph  arc  lampH  and  projcctorH  ;  Hmnll  niotorH  for  cinomato- 
Ifraph  machine  work  ;  varioufl  typoH  of  battun,  ehtctric  fixtureH, 
motor -(ronerfttorB,  ko.  Particulars  are  (rivon  of  the  "  Applebee  " 
patent  Hcrecn  or  "Spotlii^ht"  Hhutter,  which  can  bo  fitted  to  any 
sta^fo  arc  lamp.  It  in  attached  to  the  iiinidc  of  the  lamp  and 
operates  from  the  back.  Uy  its  use,  strontr  shadows  can  be  avoidtd. 
and  a  e-radtially  diminishtni;  li|;ht  obtained.  A  clear  mica-slide 
which  i.t  proviiltnl,  prevents  the  projection  of  prismatic  colourinfr 
upon  the  focus.fcd  object.  Other  features  include  the  "  Hawkins  " 
and  "'Morehen  "  plug's.  The  feature  of  the  former  is  that  by  means 
of  detachable  pins,  male  or  female  contact  can  bu  made.  The 
latter  is  intended  to  be  fixed  under  the  sta);e  level  and  provides  an 
easy  and  safe  method  of  taking  temporary  loads  to  portable  stage 
properties.  Everything:  mentioned  in  the  list  has  been  dosipfned  to 
meet  the  L.C.C.  regfulations.  The  company  maintains  a  special 
dispatoh  department  to  facilitate  the  prompt  delivery  of  all 
theatrical  material,  (iopies  of  the  list  will  be  sent  upon  appli- 
cation 

Mk.s.sks.  Fyfk,  Wilson  &  Co,  1.55a,  St.  Vincent  Street,  Glasgow. 
— Catalogue  No.  113  (40  pages)  containing  description  of  their 
Kelvin  electric  generating  sets,  specially  det'igned  for  cinematograph 
theatres.  Portable  and  stationary  petrol  or  parafiin  electric  equip- 
ments are  illustrated,  and  engine  connection  and  wiring  diagrams 
are  included.  Illustrations  and  tabulated  prices  and  code-words 
appear  of  rotary  transformers  for  cinematographs,  motor-generators, 
model  cinematographs  and  special  arc  lamps  for  same,  and  resis- 
tances, "Sunrae''  tiame  arc  lamps,  cables  and  wires,  and  lamps  and 
other  lines  are  particularised. 

The  British  Thompon-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  Rugby. — New  price 
lists  as  follows  : — No.  r),.")31  (8  pages),  fully  describing  and  showing 
their  automatic  time  switches;  No.  4,15.")  (8  pages),  similarly 
dealing  with  their  type  0,  form  E,  oil-br«ak  switches. 

Electricity  at  the  CIothiDg  and  Oatfittiof?  Exhibi- 
tion.—One  does  not  expect  to  find  a  very  large  array  of  electrical 
exhibits  at  an  Exhibition  devoted  to  the  clothing  trade.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  the  only  display  at  the  Clothing  and  Outfitting' 
Exhibition,  which  opened  at  the  Agricultural  Hall,  London,  on 
Monday  last,  which  calls  for  notice,  is  that  of  Messrs.  Eastman  and 
Warne,  of  241,  Acton  Vale,  W.,  who  are  showing  a  range  of  "Hot 
Point "  electric  hand  irons,  which  are,  we  understand,  now  being 
used  all  over  the  kingdom  in  laundries,  clothiers',  dressmakers', 
hatters',  and  similar  workroomi.  The  feature  of  the  "Hot  Point'' 
electric  hand  irons  lies  in  the  fact  that  they  offer  an  exact  substi- 
tute for  the  usual  stove  or  gas-heated  iron,  without  the  use  of  the 
long  cord  usually  employed  for  conveying  the  current  to  the  iron, 
and  which  often  prevents  them  being  as  handy  as  the  old-fashioned 
stove-heated  irons.  In  other  words,  in  place  of  being  continuously 
heated,  they  are  given  a  heating  as  desired  by  being  placed  on  a 
shelf  covered  with  fireproof  material,  and  provided  with  guides  to 
take  the  irons  ;  short  pillars  on  the  latter  making  contact  with 
springs  in  contact  boxes  at  the  back  of  the  shelves.  When 
contact  with  the  source  of  current  is  made,  the  irons  are 
heated  up  by  converters,  consisting  of  long  windings  of  fine  wire 
round  asbestos  strips,  embedded  in  the  box  of  the  iron, 
provision  being  made  to  cut  down  the  current  gradually  as 
the  temperature  rises,  thus  securing  economy  and  prevent- 
ing any  risk  of  burning  out.  The  system  was  developed 
in  the  works  of  Messrs.  Eastman  &  Sons  (Dyers  and  Cleaners),  Ltd., 
who  have  used  electric  irons  in  their  finishing  department  for  the 
last  12  years,  and  who  are  working  with  Messrs.  Eastman  &  Warne. 
The  electric  irons  can  be  heated  just  as  quickly  as  a  stove-heated 
one,  and  retain  their  heat  equally  as  long ;  when  an  iron  has 
become  cool  the  operator  has  merely  to  push  it  into  position  on  the 
heating  shelf  and  pull  out  a  fully-heated  one.  We  are  informed 
that  a  careful  comparative  test  of  the  "  Hot  Point "  irons  with  those 
heated  by  gas  resulted  in  the  former  showing  an  economy  of  about 
40  per  cent.  Messrs.  Eastman  &  Warne  have  also  on  view  an 
electric  branding  machine  for  branding  names  on  anything  from 
furniture  to  pigs  (!)  and  also  an"Eadiek,"  which  is  the  electric 
equivalent  of  a  gas  boiling  or  heating  ring. 

Trade    Aunouncemeots. — Messrs.  Berry,  Skixner 

AND  Co.  announce  that  they  have  grantfd  to  the  Safetee  Controlling 
Appliances  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Luton,  Beds.,  a  limited  licence  under 
Berry's  patents  Nos.  28.546/04  and  13,443/09  to  manufacture  and 
vend  in  the  British  Isles,  under  royalty,  their  apparatus  advertised 
as  the  "Safetee  "  switch-fuse. 

The  Pbemier  Electric  Control,  Ltd.,  have  removed  to 
Kenmont  Works,  Harrow  Road,  Willesden  Junction,  N.W. 

For  Sale.- — The  Birmingham  Tramways  Committee  has 
for  disposal  the  whole  of  the  machinery  and  plant  installed  at  the 
Yardley  generating  station.  Messrs.  Wheatley  Kirk,  Price  &  Co. 
will,  on  May  7th  and  8th,  sell  by  auction  the  freehold  works 
premises,  the  entire  plant,  stock  and  goodwill  of  the  business  of 
the  Sunbeam  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.,  (in  liquidation). 

Messrs.  J.  &  W.  Heathcote  will,  on  May  2nd,  sell  by  auction  the 
factory  premises  of  Metalite,  Ltd,,  Derby.  See  our  advertisement 
pages  in  this  issue. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


4l)erdeen. — Au  installation  of  electric  Ught  is  now  being 
made  at  Crathie  Church,  on  the  Lister-Bruston  system  ;  improve- 
ments in  the  lighting  of  Balmoral  Castle  are  also  said  to  be  in 
oontemplatipn,  and  here  also  electricity  will  play  an  important 
pftrt. 


Ba.slnjfstoke.— At  a  meeting  of  tlif;  T.C,  the  draft  pro- 
viHioiiul  order  for  electric  supply  in  the  town  and  neigh1x)urin(r 
pariHhcH  was  received.  The  order  approvcH  of  the  local  propowiU 
with  a  few  additions  to  the  details. 

Bedford, — The  adjourned  L.d.U.  in(|uiry  into  the 
application  of  the  T.O.  for  borrowing  pf>worH  for  the  purchone  of 
Diesel  engine  plant  was  hebl  on  the  lOlh  intit.,  when  th<;  allnga- 
tions  of  the  Hick-Diesel  Co.  in  regard  to  the  manner  in  whioh  the 
contract  was  placed  with  Messrs.  Allen  were  fully  gone  into.  The 
Town  Clerk  pointed  out  that  MoHnrs  Allen's  tender  (for  a  400-KW. 
set)  including  spares,  and  allowing  for  the  cost  of  altering  the  roof 
incidental  to  acceptance  of  the  Hick-Diecel  tender  (for  a  500-KW. 
set)  was  lees  costly,  also  that  the  Hicks  engine  not  being  cncloBed 
did  not  comply  with  the  specification.  It  was  stated  that  MeMm. 
Allen  bad  not  made  a  Diesel  engine,  and  that  their  London  repre- 
sentative had  tried  to  induce  the  Hick-Diesel  firm  to  facilitate 
Messrs.  Allen's  tender  going  through.    The  inquiry  wa«  concluded. 

Birminjrhaili. — The  Electric  Supply  Committee  of  tiie 
City  Council  has  decided  to  recommend  that  a  sum  of  £2.')0,000  be 
spent  on  a  new  power  station  at  Nechells  to  supplement  the  existing 
one  at  Summer  Lane.  This,  however,  is  only  an  instalment  of  a 
scheme  which  will  ultimately  cost  nearly  £1,000,000. 

Burnhani  (Somerset).— With  reference  to  the  electricity 

scheme  submitted  by  Dr.  Purves,  of  Exeter,  whi'-h  was  referred  to 
in  a  recent  i.-sue  of  the  Electrical  Review,  theU.D.C.  has  decided 
to  grant  Dr.  Purves  an  extension  of  time  until  May  8th,  to  register 
his  electric  light  company  under  the  Council's  Parliamentary  Order. 
It  is  anticipated  that  this  extension  will  enable  the  scheme  to  be 
carried  out  without  further  delay.  ' 

Canada.— Sltpia'  to  Farmers.— The  Ehclriml  News, 

in  a  recent  issue,  referred  to  the  development  of  the  Electric 
Power  Co.'s  system,  from  which  several  pulp  and  paper  mills  are 
supplied.  Our  contemporary  says  the  peak  load  on  this  system  has 
grown  very  rapidly,  and  in  December,  1912.  just  three  years  after 
the  Stephens  Dam  power  house  commenced  operation  with  a  load 
of  300  H.P.  the  peak  had  grown  to  15,000  h.p.,  with  a  daily  load 
factor  usually  exceeding  80  per  cent.  Although  the  company  has 
such  excellent  consumers  as  pulp  mills,  yet  it  apparently  does  not 
neglect  the  smaller  classes  of  supply.  .     ,.  .  .       j 

In  order  to  satisfy  the  growirg  demand  for  electric  light  and 
power  in  rural  districts  the  company  is  now  actively  engaged  in 
building  a  number  of  rural  distribution  lines.  One  of  these,  viz., 
a  2  200- volt,  single-phase  line,  about  10  miles  in  length,  from 
Nap'anee  through  Newburg  to  Camden  East,  has  now  been  m 
operation  for  some  time.  It  is  fed  from  the  company  s  sub-station 
at  Napanee.  Distributed  over  the  10  miles  of  line  are  now  about 
60  customers.  .,      .  ,, 

Another  of  these  lines,  extending  about  12  miles  in  a  south- 
easterly direction  from  Campbellford,  will  be  in  operation  before 
the  end  of  the  present  month,  with  between  20  and  25  customers, 
most  of  whom  have  contracted  for  from  1  to  3  h.p.  There  is  also 
one  customer  on  this  line  who  has  contracted  for  25  HP.  The  line 
will  be  fed  from  the  Stephens  Dam  power  house  at  Campbellford 
at  6  600  volts,  single  phase.  Pole  type  transformers  are  used, 
having  a  ratio  of  from  6,600  to  120/240  volts.  As  a  rule  a  separate 
transformer  is  installed  for  each  customer.  .,  ^  .    ^, 

Other  lines  are  in  prospect,  and  will  be  constructed  in  the  near 
future,  extending  over  29  miles.  The  farmers  along  the  routes  of 
these  lines  are  having  their  houses  and  barns  wired  for  lighting  and 
are  installing  motors  for  pumping  water,  sawing  wood,  chopping 
feed  and  various  other  purposes. 

Carlisle.- The  T.C.  on  the  8th  inst.,  authorised  the 
Electricity  Committee  to  apply  for  sanction  to  borrow  £7,500  for 
additional  plant  which  is  needed  for  the  supply  of  two  large  busi- 
ness premises. 

Cheltenham.— At  the  last  meeting  of  the  T.f ..  the 
electrical  engineer  was  instructed  to  obtain  tenders  for  additional 
condensing  plant  at  the  works.  The  loan  of  £  1  ..-.00  sanctioned  in 
May  1900,  for  mains  extensions  being  nearly  exhausted,  it  was 
resolved  to  apply  for  sanction  to  a  further  loan  of  £  l-'^OO  It  wm 
stated  that  in  the  last  four  months  the  consumers  added  had  been 
103,  compared  with  35  in  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 

Colwvn  Bar.— At  a  meeting  of  the  U.D.C.  a  communi- 
cation was  submitted  from  the  North  Wales  Power  Co  which  owns 
the  power  station  in  Nant  Gwynant,  statmg  that  it  intended  to 
extend  its  mains  to  Penmammawr,  and  that  it  observed  the  V.D.C 
was  about  to  spend  £.->,000  for  additional  generating  plant  The 
company  suggested  that  this  expense  might  be  saved,  and  the  cost 
of  electricity  supply  in  the  town  reduced  if  the  company  s  mams 
were  continued  to  Colwyn  Bay  and  current  were  supplied  to  t^e 
Council  in  bulk.  It  was  decided  to  refer  the  letter  to  the  Elec- 
tricity  Committee. 

Continental  Notes.— Hrxr;ARY.-Plant  is  about  to  be 

put  down  at  Zwir  to  utilise  the  water-power  of  the  River  Reesina 
in  the  generation  of  electrical  energy  for  lighting  and  power  pur^ 
poses  in  the  town  of  Fiume.  The  water  will  be  diverted  from  the 
river  at  Cankovo  and  conveyed  along  a  canal,  about  lb  miles  long  to 
Zwir  where  the  existing  steam-operated  generating  plant  will  be 
kept  as  a  reserve,  when  the  new  installation  is  completed. 

FRANCE.-Owing   to  the  increasing    demand    for    current     La 
Soci6te  Est-Electrique  is  extending  its  central  station  at  Mohon  I, 
putting  down  a  new    12,000-h.p.  steam    turbine   and   generator 
When  the  new  plant  is  installed,   the  station  will  have  R  total 
oapaoity  of  •24.0^'K)  p.p. 


640 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,       [Voi.72.  no.  1,847,  Apbil  is,  ms. 


Coventry. — Mr.  Hoopkr  and  Eate-Aid  Contri- 
butions.— A  L.G.B.  inquiry  has  been  held  into  an  application  by 
the  Corporation  for  sanction  for  a  loan  of  £20,000  for  electricity 
department  extensions.  The  loan  wa.s  intended  to  cover  an  over- 
draft of  ilfi.S")",  and  to  provide  for  furthpr  capital  expenditure, 
principally  upon  mains.  The  Inspector  (Mr.  R.  11.  Hooper) 
observed  that  last  year  the  undertaking  made  a  profit  of  £1G,000, 
of  which  £4.000  was  paid  to  the  relief  of  the  ratfs.  He  pointed 
out  that  the  outstanding  capital  was  increasin?  each  year,  whereas 
in  a  {rood  many  municipal  undertakings  the  outstanding  capital 
was  dropping  ;  and  when  it  bepan  to  drop,  then  they  bepan  to  get 
a  far  more  valuable  as»et  for  the  town.  He  did  not  question  at  all 
that  the  undertaking  did  very  well  in  making  a  profit  of  £16,000, 
but  he  pointed  out  that  they  were  placing  money  to  the  relief  of  the 
rates,  and  then  having  to  borrow  really  in  order  to  do  so.  There 
were  nc  two  ways  out  of  it  ;  it  must  cost  the  ratepayers  more  in 
the  long  run,  because  they  would  have  to  pay  the  interest  and 
charges  upon  the  borrowpd  money.  lie  also  pointed  out  that  the 
poorer  class  of  people  paid  their  rents  and  rates  in  one  lump  sum, 
and  that  money  devoted  to  the  relief  of  rates  in  an  undertaking  of 
that  character  was  of  no  benefit  to  that  class  of  people  ;  in  fact,  it 
was  no  relief  whatever  to  the  poorer  working  classes.  There  were 
just  over  2,000  consumers  of  electrical  energy  out  of  a  population 
of  IIR.OOO,  so  that  practically  one- fiftieth  of  the  population  were 
making  a  contribution  to  the  relief  of  the  rates  for  the  benefit  of 
the  others,  who  did  not  happen  to  be  users  of  electrical  energy. 
He  hoped  the  City  Council  would  very  seriously  consider  the 
question  of  these  large  contributions  to  the  relief  of  the  rates  ;  it 
was  very  much  sounder,  financially,  for  the  whole  of  the  under- 
taking and  for  the  city  that  the  whole  of  the  profits  should  be 
conserved.  Alderman  West  inquired  as  to  the  opinion  of  the 
Inspector  with  regard  to  other  municipal  undertakings.  The 
Inspector  replied  that  the  principle  applied  equally  to  them  all,  and 
said  he  had  noticed  that  in  towns  where  there  were  no  contributions 
to  the  relief  of  the  rates  from  municipal  undertakings,  the  rates  were 
extraordinarily  low.  The  inquiry  closed,  and  the  Inspector  notified 
that  he  would  report  in  due  course. 

Cromer, — Notice  of  the  intention  of  the  Council  to 
transfer  its  prov.  order  to  Edmundson's  Corporation,  with  the 
consent  of  the  B.  of  T.,  appears  in  the  London  Gazette  for  April  1 1th. 

Dandalk. — On  the  2^^th  inst.  a  L.G.B.  inquiry  will  be 
held  into  the  application  of  the  Urban  Council  for  sanction  to 
obtain  a  loan  of  £5.000  to  extend  the  electric  lighting  system  of 
the  town. 

Epsom. — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  offer  existing  con- 
sumers of  electricity  for  outside  shop  lighting  a  supply  of  current 
at  the  rate  of  £.3  10s.  per  lamp  per  annum,  or  an  alternative  charge 
of  2d.  per  unit. 

Falkirk. — The  T.C.  is  considering  whether  electricity  or 
gas  should  be  adopted  for  street  lighting.  An  early  meeting  will 
deal  with  the  reports  of  the  electrical  and  gas  engineers,  and  decide 
as  to  the  best  and  most  economical  method. 

Fleetwood. — The  L.Ci.B.  has  sanctioned  the  following 
loans  in  connection  with  the  electricity  undertaking  :  £.5,240  for 
17  years,  £1,410  for  1.5  years,  and  £500  for  30  years. 

Haiti. — Electric  lighting  already  exists  at  Port-au-Prince, 
Cape  Haytien  and  Oonaives.  and  every  year  it  is  employed  more  in 
the  streets  and  to  light  private  houses.  One  company  supplies  the 
current  to  the  first  two  towns  mentioned  above.  Its  station  is  at 
Port-au-Prince  :  the  station  at  Cape  Haytien  is  much  less  important. 
Electric  lighting  at  Goraives  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Haiti  Lighting 
Co.,  which  has  a  capital  of  £20,000.  The  station  of  this  company 
has  two  engines  each  of  till  H. P.,  and  40-kw.  dynamos.  A  German 
firm  intends  to  develop  and  improve  the  electric  installation  at 
Port-au-Prince.  Power  is  to  be  supplied  and  the  tramways  electri- 
fied in  that  town,  a  contract  having  already  been  entered  into 
with  the  Government.  Over  and  above  the  three  towns  mentioned 
above,  electric  lighting  could,  says  a  correspondent,  be  installed 
with  success  at  St.  Mark,  Mole  St.  Nicholas,  Mixagoane,  Petit-Goave 
and  Aquin  ;  also  at  .Tacmel,  where  there  used  to  be  an  electric 
lighting  company.  At  Petit-Goave  there  are  large  works  for  the 
treatment  of  coffee.  These  are  now  worked  by  steam,  but  there 
»-hoald  certainly  be  an  opening  for  the  use  of  electricity  in  them. 
A  large  number  of  |small  works  in  Haiti  could  be  operated  by 
electricity  without  much  expense,  as  there  are  plenty  of  waterfalls 
which  could  be  utilised  to  supply  the  power. 

ladia. — According  to  the  Cahulto  Eni/lis/tnian,  Howrah 
( Uengal)  will  be  electrically  lighted  throughout  by  August  next. 
At  present  800  street  lamps  are  in  use  ;  these  will  be  superseded 
by  1,500  50-c.i*.  lamps  lighting  all  the  streets  and  roads  in  the 
town.  The  supply  is  obtained  from  the  Calcutta  Electric  Supply 
Corporation,  which  has  laid  6,000-volt  cables  through  the 
Hooghley. 

The  Pionei  r  gave  some  details  of  the  Simla  hydro-electric  scheme 
in  a  reoent  issue,  from  which  is  appears  that  the  power  house 
c.jntains  three  250-KW.  Pelton  wheel  units  operating  under  a  head 
of  640  ft.,  and  delivering  energy  at  2,200  volts,  subsequently 
Htepped  up  to  l.'),000-volt8  pressure  for  transmission  to  Simla 
direct,  9  miles,  and  to  a  pumping  station  at  Chair,  12  miles  ;  the 
pumping  station  is  also  connected  to  Simla  by  a  7i-mile  trans- 
mi'wion.  At  Simla  the  pressure  is  reduced  to  2,300  volts,  and 
subsequently  reduced  again  in  small  sub-stations  to  220  volts  for 
street  and  house  lighting.  The  additional  water  required  at  Simla 
led  to  the  carrying  out  of  the  project  ;  the  pumping  station  is 
ponippcd   with   twii   induction    motors   driving  «Io\v. speed   plunger 


pumps,  and  the  older  pnmping  station  for  the  Simla  water  supply 
is  also  to  be  electrified.  The  cost  of  the  hydro-electric  scheme  is 
put  atRs.  1,320,000. 

Arrangements  have  at  last  matured  for  the  introduction  of 
electric  lighting  and  power  in  the  three  cities  of  Luoknow, 
Allahabad,  and  Bareilly.  Tenders  for  the  work  will  be  invited 
forthwith. 

Rearsley  (Lanes.). — At  a  meeting  of  the  D.C,  held  on 
April  10th,  the  surveyor  reported  on  the  lighting  of  K»-arsley  Hall 
Road  and  Slackey  Brow  by  electricity,  and  it  was  resolved  not  to 
go  to  the  expense  involved. 

kin|t;'s  Lynn. — At  a  recent  meeting,  the  T.C.  adopted  a 
report  of  the  Electricity  Committee  which  stated  that  the  electrical 
engineer  had  reported  that,  on  account  of  continued  abnormal 
increase  in  the  demand  for  current,  it  was  impossible  to  consider 
the  gas  engines,  even-- if  improved  in  accordance  with  previous 
suggestions,  as  an  effective  stand-by.  He  therefore  a'ked  the 
Committee  to  arrange  for  the  installation  of  an  additional  400-KW. 
steam  set,  with  necessary  pipes  and  apparatus,  at  an  estimated  cost 
of  £3,000.  The  Committee  recommended  that  one  gas  engine  and 
dynamo  be  advertised  for  immediate  sale,  that  the  other  gas  engines 
and  dynamos  be  sold  as  occasion  arises,  and  that  the  necessary 
tenders  be  invited  for  the  installation  of  a  400-KW.  steam  set. 

Lerwick. — The  T.C.  is  about  to  consider  the  question  of 
lighting  the  town  by  electricity. 

Llandudno. — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  have  mains 
laid  in  Augusta  Street,  Madoo  Street  and  Chapel  Street,  in  order 
that  those  thoroughfares  can  be  lighted  by  electricity.  The  capital 
cost  will  be  £270,  and  the  annual  cost  of  400-c.P.  lamps,  £3  15s. 
each. 

London. — Poplar. — Tenders  are  invited  from  recog- 
nised makers  of  converting  plant  for  the  provision  at  the  Farm- 
gate  sub-station  at  Mill  wall  of  one  1,000-KW.  converter  with 
the  necessary  switchgear  and  connections.  The  E  h.t.  mains 
are  to  be  extended  by  the  laying  of  5,000  yards  of  '15  sq.  in. 
('>,000-volt  cable  from  the  main  generating  station  to  the  Millwall 
sub-station  at  an  approximate  cost  of  £3,533.  This  work  was 
first  recommended  by  the  engineer  in  March,  1912,  but  owing  at 
the  time  to  the  rapid  rise  in  the  price  of  copper  and  lead,  the  pro- 
posal was  deferred. 

Stoke  Newington. — Application  is  to  be  made  to  the  L.C.C. 
for  sanction  to  borrow  £5,000  for  mains,  and  £1,000  for  meters. 

Stevney. — The  Electricity  Committee  reports  having  had  under 
consideration  a  communication  from  the  Comptroller  of  the  L.C.C, 
notifying  the  following  alterations  in  the  maximum  periods  which 
will  in  future  be  sanctioned  by  that  authority  for  the  repayment  of 
loans  for  electric  lighting  purposes  : — Freehold  land  («)  new  period 
60  years,  (i)  old  period  60  years  ;  bnildings  («)  30  years,  (i)  50  ; 
mains  («)  25  years,  {/>)  30  ;  plant  and  machinery  (/i)  15  years,  (J) 
20  ;  house  connections  («)  12  years,  (i)  12  ;  meters  (a)  10  years,  (ft) 
10  According  to  a  report,  the  Committee  states,  which  has  been, 
prepared  by  the  borough  treasurer  and  the  borough  electrical  engi- 
neer and  manager,  it  appears  that  the  proposed  reductions  in  the 
periods  in  question  are  not  justified  ;  and,  moreover,  are  calculated 
to  injuriously  affei;t  municipal  electricity  undertakings  in  the 
metropolis.  The  attention  of  the  Standing  Conference  of  the  five 
East  End  Boroughs  of  Poplar,  Stepney,  Hackney,  Shoreditch  and 
Bethnal  Green  was  then  drawn  to  the  matter,  with  the  object  of  a 
conference  of  the  whole  of  the  local  authorities  in  the  metropolis 
owning  electricity  undertakings  being  convened,  in  order  that  con- 
certed action  might  be  taken  in  the  matter,  with  the  result  that 
the  Conference  decided  to  adopt  the  course  suggested. 

Hammeusmith. — The  Electricity  Committee  reports  having  con- 
sidered the  general  working  of  the  scheme  approved  by  the  Council 
in  December,  1  I'll,  for  hiring  and  maintaining  arc  lamps  on  consumers' 
premises.  This  scheme,  the  Committje  states,  at  present  allows  only 
for  a  maximum  guaranteed  consumption  during  800  hours  per 
annum,  but  in  actual  practice,  it  is  found  that  a  number  of  con- 
sumers exceed  this  to  a  considerable  extent.  The  Committee  is, 
therefore,  extending  the  scale  of  charges  so  that  the  guaranteed 
hours'  use  per  annum  can  be  extended  to  900  and  1,000  hours,  the 
rental  being  increased  pro  rata.  The  Committee  is  also  proposing 
to  give  lower  rates  in  consideration  of  the  consumer  entering  into 
a  contract  at  the  expiration  of  the  first  12  months,  to  continue  the 
use  of  the  lamps  for  a  further  period  of  four  years. 

Hackney. — In  view  of  the  large  expenditure  which  has  taken 
place  in  the  capital  expenditure  of  the  electricity  undei  taking,  the 
B.C.  is  pressing  forward  the  sales  and  publicity  sections  so  as  to 
make  the  business  take  a  corresponding  step  forward,  and  in  view 
of  this  have  decided  to  have  full-page  advertisements  in  certain 
papers  once  a  month,  the  centre  of  the  page  to  be  devoted  to  an 
appropriat«  general  popular  article,  and  the  margin  to  be  let  for 
traders'  announcements. 

Luton. — The  assessment  of  the  Corporation  Electricity 
Works  has  been  reduced  from  £3,000  to  £1,500,  without  resorting 
to  an  appeal. 

Lye  and  Wollescote. — The  U.U.C.  has  appointed  » 
Committee  to  consider  the  advisability  of  having  the  town  li*,  by 
electricity  in  place  of  gas.  As  an  experiment,  it  is  proposed  to  have 
one  street  elestrically  illuminated. 

Lytliam. — The  B.  of  T.  has  given  its  decision  as  to  who 
shall  have  power  to  supply  electricity  to  the  district,  the  appli- 
cation of  the  local  Council  having  been  acoeded  to.  The  appHon- 
tion  of  the  St.  Anne's  F.D.C.  has  been  refuRed. 


Vol.72.   No.i,8<7,  apbimm,  191,').]        THE    ELECTRTCAr.    KKVIKW. 


641 


Herton. — 'I'ho  Wimbledon  T.C.  lias  offered  to  provide, 

erect,  and  maintain  piibliu  electric  lamp  Htan<lar(lH  at  Morton, 
tUtod  with  600-r>rM  watt  lampn,  at  £27  Kin.  |>(^r  lum]!  p«r  annum, 
for  a  term  of  not  Icsh  thnn  10  yoarH.  ThiH  olTur  in  biiinif  con- 
flidorod  by  the  Morion  U.D.O. 

INu-trusli.— Mr.  (i.  B.  Deane  held  a  li.G.H.  iiuiuiiy  laKt 

week  in  connection  with  application  of  the  Urban  Council  for 
sanction  to  raiwn  n  loan  of  £(!,000  for  tho  purpoHC  of  carrying  out 
the  lonfr  projected  electrical  liKhtinp  Bohcme. 

Plymouth. — Tlie  secretary  of  the  B.E.A.M.A.  has 
written  tho  (Corporation,  encloHinu:  tho  copy  of  a  printed  form 
entitled  "  Municipal  Tenders,  Request  as  to  Publication,"  pointini; 
out  that  it  had  been  agreed  between  the  Association  and  tho 
I.M.E.A.  that  tho  publication  in  the  Tress,  local  or  general,  of 
prices  quoted  on  financial  tenders  and  reports  of  electricity  com- 
mittees  on  municii)al  tenders  was  undesirable,  both  in  the  interests 
of  municipalities  and  manufacturers.  The  Corporation  was 
requested  to  take  steps  with  a  view  to  avoidinfj  such  publication. 
The  Electricity  Committee  referred  tho  matter  to  the  Town  Clerk 
for  report. 

Iticlimond. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  T.C.  a  letter  was 
read  from  the  Richmond  (Surrey)  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co., 
Ltd  ,  intimatinpf  that  the  company  is  advised  that  it  is  necessary  to 
have  the  agreement  which  was  made  between  the  Corporation  and 
the  company  in  January  last  confirmed  by  an  Act  of  Parliament, 
and  that  tho  Lord  Chairman  having  allowed  the  company  to  pro- 
ceed by  a  late  Bill,  the  company  is  taking  the  necessary  steps  to 
deal  with  the  matter  this  session.  In  this  connection,  the  General 
Purposes  Committee  reported  that  the  agreement  referred  to  pro- 
vided for  its  confirmation  by  Parliament  if  the  company  should 
consider  this  to  be  necessary,  but  the  Parliamentary  Notice  fore- 
shadowed provisions  which  did  not  appear  to  be  in  accordance  with 
that  agreement.  Mr.  Renwick,  the  company's  general  manager, 
suggested  that  certain  provisions  relating  to  the  price  of  current 
contained  in  the  original  agreement  scheduled  to  the  Companies' 
Act  of  1907  are  cancelled  by  the  provisions  of  the  recent  agree- 
ment, and  he  has  submitted  a  draft  supplemental  agreement  to 
provide  for  the  repeal  of  so  much  of  those  provisions  of  the 
original  agreement  as  relate  to  the  revision  of  the  price  of  current. 
The  Committee  advised  the  Council  to  oppose  the  Bill  if  necessary, 
and  this  was  agreed  to. 

St.  Andrews. — The  Electric  Supply  Corporation  is 
anxious  to  obtain  a  contract  for  lighting  the  streets  of  the  city 
with  incandescent  electric  lamps,  and  is  fitting  up  lights  in  Grey- 
friars  Gardens  as  an  experiment. 

Stoke-on-Trent.— The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  the  T.C.  a 
prov.  order  empowering  the  Corporation  to  supply  current  for 
public  and  private  purposes  at  Wolstanton. 

Sontliboroujrli.— The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  the  U.D.C. 
a  prov.  order  for  electric  lighting. 

Swana^e. — The  Electricity  Supply  Co.  has  applied  to 
the  Board  of  Trade  for  permission  to.  erect  a  generating  station  at 
Court  Hill,  under  the  Electric  Lighting  Order,  1906. 

r.S.A. — The  Commissioner  of  Public  Works  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  in  his  annual  report,  urges  the  installation  of  electric  lamps 
in  place  of  the  11,000  gas  lamps  now  in  use  for  city  lighting.  He 
says  that  60-c.P.  tungsten  lamps,  giving  one-third  more  light  than 
the  present  gas  lamps,  cost  821.14  per  lamp  per  year  and  their  use 
would  save  the  city  |21,71(j  a  year  over  the  present  contract  price 
paid  for  gas  lamps. 

Wednesbury. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  increase  the 
charges  for  electricity  for  light  and  power,  by  5  per  cent.,  from 
April  1st. 

West  Bromwich. — A  recent  issue  of  the  Mirllaml 
Chronich'iWxxsiiraiei  the  improved  lighting  in  Birmingham  Road, 
where  the  Cable  Accessories  Co.'s  "  Seaco  "  sheet  steel  tungsten 
lamp  fittings  have  been  adopted.  The  fittings  in  question 
apparently  contain  five  100-c.p.  lamps,  and  are  hung  direct  from 
the  tramway  span  wires.  It  may  be  mentioned  that  the  lamp- 
holders  are  mounted  on  a  spring-supported  insulating  base  which 
gets  over  vibration  difficulties. 

The  T.C.  has  received  from  the  L.G.B.  sanction  to  a  loan  of 
£6.fi00  for  mains  extensions.  The  Electricity  Committee  has  been 
authorised  to  negotiate  with  the  South  Staffs.  Tramways  (Lessee) 
Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  further  supply  of  energy. 

Wliitebaven. — The  T.C.  has  received  from  the  L.G.B. 

sanction  to  loans  of  £665  in  respect  of  excess  expenditure  on 
plant,  £300  for  mains  extensions,  and  £600  for  house  services. 

Wliitstable.— The  U.D.C.  has  decided,  by  7  votes  to  5, 
to  agree  to  the  installation  of  the  electric  lighting  in  the  town  on 
terms  to  be  arranged  with  a  proposed  company,  and  that  the  latter 
be  given  half  of  the  public  lighting,  subject  to  a  proper  agreement 
being  entered  into. 

Wolverhampton. — In    consequence  of  the    continued 

rapid  growth  of  the  demand  for  electrical  energy — particularly 
in  the  centre  of  the  town  and  in  the  Dudley  Road  area — it  is  found 
necessary  to  again  make  extensions  to  the  Corporation  electrical 
plants  and  mains.  Just  before  severing  his  connection  with  the  under- 
taking Mr.  C.  E.  C.  Shawfield,  the  electrical  engineer,  prepared  a 
report  setting  forth  the  requirements  to  meet  next  winter's  load.  He 
recommends  the    laying  of  a    h.t.  ring  main    from   Commercial 


Road  to  the  School  Street  Storo«,  from  tho  Htori«  to'tbfi  Htinbe^m 
WorkH,  niturning  to  Commorcial  Uoad.  That  a  unb-iitatioD  be 
built  at  tho  Ston*.  with  tlirnc  i;.'.0  kw.  rotary  com vertem  with  the 
nocirtHary  Mwitchgciar  ;  and  to  inHtoll  in  a  nub-hUtion  at  the  Moor 
field  WorkH  of  thn  Kuiibnam  Motor  Car  Co.  one  2.'.0-kw.  con- 
vertcr.  Mr.  Khawfi.Od  almi  MtatoH  that  eitcnHlonii  will  be  rwiulred 
to  tho  K.ii.T.  Hwitchhoard  to  di^nl  with  the  propowd  rinif  raafn. 
There  is  no  ror)m  for  further  oxten»ion>i  to  the  exXnixzifi  E  m.t. 
switchboard  without  going  to  very  conHiilerablc  <nipeniie.  In  view 
of  this  fact  ho  r«;coiiiiiion<lH  that  a  new  HwitchlKiord  be  in«tal!nd. 
Tho  generating  and  converting  plant  will  b<5  (jontrollwl  by  thin 
switchboard,  the  present  b)ard  being  uiMid  om  an  auxiliary  nwitch- 
board  to  control  feeders  only.  A  further  wlvantage  of  this  Hcheme 
is  that  tho  switchgear  for  all  the  running  plant,  both  AC.  and  l>C  , 
will  be  collected  at  one  point,  and  will  be  under  tho  control  of  one 
man,  an  arrangement  desirable  on  the  grounds  of  ef:onomy  and 
efHciency.  The  expenditure  required  to  meet  the  cost  of  the  scheme 
is  estimated  as  follows  :—i:  h.t.  ring  main,  £.3,:!0i) ;  fe*der  cable* 
to  various  points  on  the  network,  £5.',0  ;  alterationn  to  exiiit- 
ing  network,  £400;  four  2.')0-KW.  converters,  £H,(XjO  ;  K.H.T. 
switchgear  for  three  sub  -  stations,  £1)00  ;  r..T.  switchgear 
for  three  sub-stations  and  cable  connections,  £<;00  :  buildings 
and  foundations,  £.')70;  cranes  for  two  sub  -  stations,  £1.^0; 
new  lo.H.T.  switchgear  for  Commercial  Road  generating  station, 
£2,000  ;  new  cables  for  connecting  existing  machines.  £150  ;  or  a 
total  of  £11,620. 

Mr.  Shawfield  concludes  his  report  with  the  following  practical 
recommendation:  "That  an  application  be  made  to  the  L.G.B.  to 
borrow  a  further  sum  of  £1."),000  for  mains  extensions,  and  £5,000 
for  sub-station  equipment.  Aluo  that  application  be  made  to  them 
to  borrow  £2,000  for  k.ii.t.  switchgear  and  connections  at  the 
generating  station.  Commercial  Road." 

At  the  Council  meeting  following,  Mr.  Shawfield's  report  was 
unanimously  adopted,  and  tenders  are  to  be  invited  for  the  neoeseary 
work. 

Woodford  (Essex).— The  U.D.C,  after  considering  a 
scheme  of  obtaining  a  supply  of  current  from  Walthamstow  Council, 
has  deferred  its  decision  until  the  ratepayers  have  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  discussing  the  matter. 

Worthing. — In  introducing  the  half-yearly  estimates  to 
the  T.C,  Alderman  White  referred  with  pleasure  to  the  fact  that 
the  accounts  of  the  electricity  undertaking  were  at  last  showing 
an  appreciable  profit.  After  placing  £500  to  reserve,  the  outcome 
of  the  past  year's  trading  had  been  a  realised  profit  of  £748. 
Electric  heating  and  power  were  appealing  to  the  townspeople, 
with  the  result  that  it  was  expected  that  during  the  coming  year 
something  like  160,000  units  would  be  sold  for  these  purposes, 
representing  an  income  of  something  like  £1,000.  It  was  proposed 
that  in  future  this  sum  should  be  deducted  from  the  cost  of  pro- 
ducing the  electricity  before  calculating  the  charge  for  public 
lighting,  and  this  would  mean  that  whereas  during  the  past  year 
the  charge  for  public  lighting  had  approximated  5d.  per  unit,  it 
would  in  future  be  about  4  Id.  The  Committee  estimated  that  12 
months  hence  there  would  be  a  balance  of  profit  of  something  like 
£1,500,  and  he  hoped  that  then  not  only  the  public  lighting,  but 
also  the  private  consumers  would  benefit  by  a  reduction. 

York, — The  T.C.  has  received  from  the  L.O.B.  sanction 
to  a  loan  of  £500  for  wiring  Corporation  premises  for  the  electric 
lighting. 

The  Electric  Light  Committee  is  to  prepare  a  scheme  for  laying 
cables  in  the  streets  of  the  city,  generally  for  public  and  domestic 
lighting,  and  other  domestic  purposes.  The  capital  cost  of  such  a 
scheme  is  estimated  at  £  7 1 ,000,  and  it  is  anticipated  that  the  public 
lighting  could  be  undertaken  at  £3,075  a  year,  including  interest 
on  the  loan, against  £4,600  paid  for  gas. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Barking. — It  has  been  decided  to  agree  in  principle  to  the 
proposed  traction  supply  from  East  Ham  upon  certain  terms  which 
were  not  made  public,  and  the  matter  was  left  to  the  clerk  and 
engineer  to  arrange  the  necessary  details. 

Bonrnemonth. — The  financial  year  of  the  Corporation 
tramways  undertaking  shows  that  all  previous  records  have  been 
broken.  The  number  of  passengers  carried  was  over  15.750.000. 
showing  an  increase  of  about  640,000.  The  receipts  were  nearly 
£95,700,  an  advance  of  about  £4,340.  There  has  also  been  a  sub- 
stantial saving  in  expenditure,  and  there  is,  it  is  stated,  a  balance 
of  over  £10,000  on  the  net  revenue  account. 

Canada, — The  Ehfrhal  Xfir:^  says  that  the  train  service 
operated  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  system  through  the  St. 
Clair  tunnel  which  connects  Sarnia  and  Port  Huron  under  the  St. 
Clair  river  is  claimed  to  be  the  heaviest  railway  Fervice  handled  by 
electricity  in  the  world.  This  electrification  operates  within  a  zone 
of  approximately  four  miles,  the  motive  power  being  derived  from 
1,500-H.P.  electric  locomotives,  tach  weighing  135  tons  with  a 
normal  draw-bar  pull  of  50,000  lb.  and  a  maximum  speed  of  35  miles 
per  hour.  The  time  taken  to  change  engines  is  from  two  to  five 
minutes,  and  the  time  of  passing  throngh  the  tunnel  which,  with 
its  approaehes  is  more  than  two  mjle?  in  length,  is  13  minutes.     Up 


642 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.         [Vol.  72.    No.  1,847,  April  18,  1913, 


to  45  cars  per  train  are  hauled  throuKh  the  tunnel,  which  repre- 
sents a  train  more  than  one-hnlf  mile  in  length. 

Darinpr  the  12  months  of  1912  the  company's  records  show  that 
197,801  loaded  freight  cars  and  88,692  empties  passed  through  the 
tunnel,  in  addition  10  3.5,096  passenger  cars.  Estimated  on  a  basis 
of  17  tons  per  oar,  this  gives  a  total  tonnage  passing  through  the 
tunnel  of  approximately  ,3,,'3OO,0OO.  These  figures  do  not  include 
any  company  material  such  as  coal,  lumber,  ties,  ic,  which  would 
swell  the  total  to  much  larger  proportions. 

Cardiff'. — The  tramway  receipts  show  an  increase  of 
£3,263  over  the  previous  financial  year,  due  largely  to  the  Royal 
visit  in  June  last,  and  the  fact  that  Easter  came  much  earlier, 
but  Mr.  Arthur  Ellis  and  his  staff  are  to  be  congratulated  on  the 
financial  result.  The  number  of  transfer  tickets  issued  during  the 
year  was  :f, 037, 720,  which  compared  with  the  figures  of  the  pre- 
ceding year — 2,900,700 — gives  an  increase  of  137,000.  The  figures 
are  as  follows  :  — 1913.  passengers,  28,365,037  ;  receipts,  £128,882  : 
1912,  passengers,  27, .iti  1,652  ;  receipts,  £125,iil8.  The  question 
whether  some  of  the  Cardiff  thoroughfares  should  be  remade  and 
a  portion  of  the  tramway  line  reconstructed  by  contract  'or 
direct  labour  was  discussed  by  the  Tramways  Committee.  The 
Lord  Mayor,  referring  to  the  decision  of  the  Joint  Committee 
to  employ  direct  labour,  said  he  would  like  to  know  whether 
the  statemettt  made  by  the  city  engineer  that  £27,000 
could  have  been  saved  if  the  track  had  been  relaid  by  direct 
labour  in  1902  was  accurate.  The  following  resolution 
was  ultimately  passed  : — '  It  is  the  opinion  of  the  Committee  that 
(a)  the  whole  of  the  works  involving  reconstruction  of  the  tram- 
way track  and  repairing  of  the  carriage  ways  should  be  carried  out 
by  the  same  agency,  and  0')  that  before  deciding  the  question  of 
contract  as  against  direct  labour,  tenders  be  invited  by  advertise- 
ment, and  that  the  city  engineer  be  requested  to  submit  his  esti- 
mate to  be  ooened  at  the  same  time  as  tenders  received  from 
contractTrs.  The  whole  of  the  work  to  be  done  to  a  specification, 
and  schedule  of  prices  to  be  prepared  by  the  city  engineer. 

Doncaster. — Now  that  the  district  is  growing  so 
quickly  through  colliery  development,  an  effort  is  to  be  made  to 
compel  the  Corporation  to  fall  in  with  the  desires  of  the  people, 
and  provide  a  means  of  transit  on  the  Sabbath.  Some  years  ago 
the  question  wa<i  submitted  to  the  referendum,  but  the  area  of  the 
plebiscite  was  restricted  to  the  borough,  and  the  majority  of  the 
few  who  voted  at  all,  were  against  such  a  service.  If  a  poll  were 
taken  now,  including  the  outside  districts,  there  would  be  an  over- 
whelming majority  in  favour  of  Sunday  running. 

Edinburji;h. — The  convener  of  the  Tramway  Committee, 
along  with  the  town  clerk,  has  had  an  interview  with  the  War 
OfiBce  authorities  with  reference  to  the  Colinton  Tramway  and  to 
the  application  of  the  company  for  running  powers  in  the  city.  It 
is  stated  that  negotiations  have  been  proceeding  for  the  acquisition 
of  the  tramway  by  the  Corporation,  and  that  £10,000  has  been 
mentioned  as  the  price  at  which  the  promoters  are  willing  to  sell. 
The  tramway  runs  between  Slateford  Station  and  Bedford  Barracks. 
The  purchase  by  the  Corporation  would  solve  two  questions  in 
which  the  War  OflBce  is  interested — the  supply  of  electric  lighting 
to  the  barracks  and  the  provision  of  tramway  facilities  for  the 
soldiers.  It  has  still  to  be  decided  whether  the  city  or  the  War 
OflBce  will  lay  the  mains  from  the  city  boundaries  to  Bedford. 

Hull. — In  connection  with  the  agitation  for  a  tramway 
service  from  the  centre  of  Hull  to  Stoneferry,  which  is  within  the 
city  boundary,  a  largely  attended  meeting  has  been  held  at  Stoneferry, 
when  a  resolution  was  passed  in  favour  of  the  extension  of  the 
tramways.  A  motor-'bus  service  used  to  be  run,  but  this  was  dis- 
continued as  it  entailed  a  loss  of  £5,000  per  annum.  Alderman 
Hanger  said  that  out  of  the  tramway  profits,  £190,."j00  had  been 
oontributed  to  the  relief  of  the  rates.  Four  hundred  yards  of  the 
double  lines  were  already  laid  of  the  1}  miles  required,  and  he  held 
that  the  profits  should  be  used  for  the  development  of  the  system. 

Leicester. — The  T.C.  has  approved  the  report  of  the 
Tramways  Committee  recommending  the  provision  of  repairing 
shops  for  tramway  cars  in  the  Abbey  Park  Boad,  at  an  estimated 
cost  of  £23,000. 

London. — On  ]\Ionday  last  another  stoppage  of  the 
L.C.C.  tramway  service,  both  north  and  south  of  the  Thames,  took 
place  for  two  hours  during  the  busiest  part  of  the  morning. 
Following  on  two  similar  breakdowns,  it  is  not  surprising  that  some 
discussion  took  place  in  the  Council  on  the  matter,  which  appears 
to  have  been  somewhat  unnecessarily  hushed  up. 

A  report  presented  by  the  Highways  Committee  on  the  two  tram- 
way breakdowns  which  occurred  on  March  lOth  and  I2th  respec- 
tively, stated  that  on  the  evening  of  March  10th  a  short-circuit 
occurred  on  the  switchgear  at  the  (Jreenwich  generating  station, 
causing  considerable  damage  to  the  switchgear,  burning  out  several 
coils  on  a  generator,  and  involving  a  temporary  failure  of  the  whole 
supply.  A  partial  supply  was  given  within  a  few  minutes,  and  the 
normal  supply  was  resumed  the  same  evening.  On  March  12th,  a 
few  coils  of  another  generate-  failed.  These  had  apparently  been 
weakened  previously.  By  working  day  and  night,  the  first  generator 
damaged  was  on  load  again  on  March  19th,  and  a  large  proportion 
of  the  cars  which  had  been  withdrawn  were  put  back  into  service. 
The  repair  of  the  second  generator  was  completed  on  March  29th, 
and  the  full  nervic!  of  cars  was  resumed  on  March  30th. 

Sir  Edward  White,  chairman,  Highways  Committee,  said  they 
had  received  tenders  for  the  supply  of  improved  turbine  machinery, 
at  a  cost  of  something  like  £200,000.  This  would  give  them  oon- 
.ifiderable  reserve  power  ;  but  they  were  not  depending  entirely  on 
this.    They  had  r  contract  with  the  Metropolitan  Plectrio  TrfHiiway 


Co.  to  supply  them  with  a  certain  amount  of  power,  and  under  that 
contract  power  was  being  supplied  to  them  now.  They  had  also  a 
contract  with  one  of  the  public  authorities,  and  cables  were  being 
laid  down  in  order  to  give  them  a  third  string  to  their  bow.  They 
were  thus  taking  every  means  in  their  power  to  meet  the 
difficulties. 

Mr.  G.  H.  Hume,  vice-chairman,  Highways  Committee,  said  none 
of  the  three  accidents  had  anything  to  do  with  an  over-demand  on 
the  resources  of  the  generating  station.  That  on  March  10th  was 
due  to  a  slight  error  of  judgment.  On  Monday  last  a  piston  was 
blown  out  of  one  of  the  engines,  owing  to  the  breaking  of  a  cotter- 
pin,  and  a  piece  struck  a  generator.  That  caused  a  short-circuit, 
which  in  turn  caused  a  short-circuit  on  the  high-tension  hoard.  A 
section  of  the  switchboard  caught  fire,  and  the  same  generator 
which  broke  down  in  March  gave  way  in  another  place.  The  whole 
service  had  to  be  stopped  while  the  fire  was  being  put  out,  and  the 
extent  of  the  damage  was  being  ascertained.  It  was  no  use  the 
Council  blinking  at  the  fact  that  they  were  working  with  a  very 
small  margin  at  their  generating  station.  After  further  discussion 
the  matter  dropped. 

The  total  traffic  receipts  of  the  L.C.C,  tramways  for  the  year. 
April  Ist,  ]'.)12--March  3l8t,  1913,  were  £2,143,190  from  electrical 
lines,  and  £37,545  from  horse  tramways.  The  comparable  receipts 
for  the  previous  year  were  £2.231,945  and  £60,356,  showing  a 
decrease  of  over  £  1 1 1 ,000. 

Stepney. — The  L.C.C.  is  to  be  requested  to  include  in  one  of  its 
General  Powers  Bills  a  clause  to  empower  a  Council  to  recover  the 
cost  of  damage  done  to  street  lamp  columns  from  the  owner  or 
owners  of  the  vehicle,  instead  of  from  the  driver  as  at  present. 

Manchester.  —  At  a  meeting  of  the  Tramways  Com- 
mittee recently,  the  estimates  for  the  ensuing  year  were  con- 
sidered. By  resolution  of  the  City  Council,  and  in  accordance  with 
the  scheme  of  the  Trading  Profits  Committee,  the  tramways  under- 
taking is  expected  to  contribute  £100.000  to  rate  relief  purposes, 
being  5  per  cent,  on  a  capital  expenditure  of,  roughly,  £2.000,000. 
The  estimated  receipts  for  the  ensuing  year  are  put  at  over 
£900,000.  The  capital  expenditure  account  makes  provision  for 
£30,000  for  buildings,  £30,000  for  permanent  way  (new  lines), 
£25,000  for  street  improvements,  and  £30,000  for  cars  and  equip- 
ment. 

Nelson. — A  record  year  is  reported  in  connection  with 
the  tramways  undertaking.  The  Committee  estimated  a  profit  of 
£450,  but  this  has  been  exceeded  by  no  less  than  £1,000.  The 
light  railways  have  carried  267,271  more  passengers  than  in  the 
previous  year,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  last  summer  was  an 
abnormally  wet  one.  The  most  gratifying  feature  is  the  great 
improvement  which  has  taken  place  in  regard  to  the  Scotland 
Boad  section,  which  has  hitherto  been  a  great  drag  on  the 
undertaking. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


.Direct  Cable  to  Canada. — Direct  telegraphic  com- 
munication between  the  United  Kingdom  and  Canada  has  been 
opened,  on  the  Morse  system  of  Mr.  John  Gott. 

Rural  Telephones. — In  answer  to  a  question,  the 
Postmaster- General  recently  stated  that  the  additional  Treasury 
grant  of  £20,000  would  probably  admit  of  the  provision  of  about 
1,300  additional  rural  party-line  telephones. 

United  States. —  It  has  been  announced  that  a  contract 
for  eight  wireless  telegraph  stations,  to  be  the  most  powerful  in 
the  world,  has  been  awarded  by  the  American  Marconi  Wireless 
Telegraph  Co.  to  the  J.  G.  White  Engineering  Corporation.  The 
stations  will  be  located  in  pairs,  a  receiving  and  a  sending  station 
being  30  miles  apart  to  reduce  interference,  at  Oahu,  H,I,  ;  Tamales 
Bay  and  Bolinas,  Cal.  ;  near  Belmar,  N.J,,  and  in  Eastern  Massa- 
chusetts, Later  on  a  station  will  be  established  in  Japan.  The 
range  of  these  stations  is  estimated  at  from  4,000  to  6,000  miles, 
and  each  will  utilise  a  different  wave-length.  The  anteno*  will  be 
400  ft.  or  more  high.  Each  station  is  to  consist  of  12  towers 
arranged  in  a  semicircle  covering  a  square  mile.  The  power  available 
at  each  station  will  be  750  kw. —  Electrical  Rfiirw  and  Wmtcrn 
Elertriciati. 

Wireless  Map  of  the   M  orld. — An  admirable  map  of 

the  world  has  been  compiled  by  Marconi's  \\'ireles8  Telegraph  Co., 
Ltd.,  and  is  published  by  Messrs.  George  Philip  &  Son,  Ltd.,  at 
2s.  6d.  net.  It  shows  very  clearly  the  position  of  all  stations  open 
for  ship-and-shore  communication,  high-power  public  and  private 
stations,  the  long-distance  stations  of  the  Imperial  scheme,  and 
other  stations  for  trans-oceaniccommunication.  Lighthouse,  light- 
ship and  Naval  stations  are  not  shown,  and  this,  perhapn,  accounts 
for  the  omission  of  the  stations  at  the  Eiffel  Tower  and  Nauen,  for 
example,  though  we  were  not  aware  that  these  were  regarded  as 
"  Naval."  The  distribution  of  the  stations  over  the  world  is  very 
interesting  ;  Canada  is  thickly  dotted  with  them  along  the  St. 
Lawrence  and  the  great  lakes,  as  well  as  on  the  West  coast. 
British  East  Africa,  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  the  East  coast  of 
South  America  are  also  noticeably  well  equipped,  but  the  greatest 
concentration  is,  of  course,  in  the  West  and  South  of  Europe.  The 
map  is  very  vfelcome,  and  certainly  fills  a  distinot  'Want, 
{Continv«d  on  page  647,) 


Vol.  72.    No.  i,si,,  Aiun,  IS,  i',ii:!.i         'Jill.;     lA^<]Clli\i:^l.     KIOVIKW. 


{My 


THE  ELECTRICITY  WORKS  OF  TROLLHATTAN. 


Till',  first  power  station  erected  by  tlic  Swedish  (lovernment 
is  tlie  luif^'c  imdcrtukiii<^  at  'i'mlliiiittan,  whicli  was  carried 


Fl(!.    1.— TROLLHATTAN   POWEK   STATION   AND   SwiTCH-HoUSE. 


out  by  the  State  Waterfalls  Board,  under  the  supervision  of 
tlie  manager  of   the  Board,  Col.  F.   V.    Hansen,  the  chief 


is  available  at  Trollh;ilt(;  Fiilln.  I'ln!  miaimam  <\ifv:\\arRC 
is  .'520  m.'  per  second,  and  the  prpsent  works  are  laid  out 
for  a  flow  of  2.')0  m.'  [><:r  w:corid,  ;.'iving 
HO.OOO  H.i'.  ;  but  by  reKuiatin^  l\><: 
level  of  the  lake,  a  total  outjjut  of 
200,000  ir.i'.  can  be  made  available. 

I'roin  the  headworks,  the  water  is 
carried  in  a  canal,  1,:500  m.  in  length, 
to  the  forebay,  whicli  we  iliustratt-  on 
[)age  (114,  whence  it  is  led  by  eight  st<,*l 
jiipoH,  \-2'>  m.  in  diametf;r  and  00  m. 
long,  through  tunnels  blastfid  out  of  the 
solid  rock,  to  the  f)Ower  liouse.  Three 
sinallcr  piim.-!  in  a  common  tunnel 
feed  the  exciter  sets.  Ice-screens  and 
lieadgatcs  are  provided  within  the 
intake  building,  and  the  former  can 
be  heated  with  electricity  to  pre- 
vent the  formation  of  frazil.  The 
arrangement  of  the  plant  is  shown  in 
figs.  'A  and  (J. 
Tlie  power  station,  a  building  designed  in  keeping  with 
its  rugged  surroundings,  contains  six  three-phase  generators 


Fi<;.  2. — Interior  of  Turbine  Room. 


engineers,  Mr.  T.  Holmgren  and  Capt.  G.  .Malm,  and  ^Ir. 
Holmgren's  assistant,  ilr.  W.  Borgqvist.  The  contractors 
were  the  Allmiinna  Svenska  Elektriska  Aktiebolaget — the 
"  General  Electric  Co.  of  Sweden  " — a  firm  which,  founded 
by  .Jonas  W'enstnim  in  the  early  eighties,  has  continuously 
progressed,  and  has  become  one  of  the  most  capable  and 
successful  concerns  in  Europe.  The  company  recently 
issued  an  admirable  description  of  the  undertaking,  and  has 
kindly  provided  us  with  the  photographs 
which  we  reproduce  herewith. 

The  generating  station  is  situated,  amidst 
wild  and  picturesque  scenery,  at  the  TroU- 
hiitte  Falls  on  the  Giita  River,  which  carries 
the  discharge  from  Lake  Vanern,  the  largest 
lake  in  Sweden,  having  an  area  of  5,570 
sq.  km.  The  whole  of  the  water-power  of 
this  river  became  the  exclusive  property  of 
the  State  in  1908. 

The  river  is  86'5  km.  in  length,  and 
has  a  total  fall  of  44  m.,  of  which  32   m.  Fig. 


of  11,000  K.v.A.  at  10,000  volts,  25  cycles,  directly  coupled 
to  horizontal  turbines  running  at  187-5  u.p.m.,  which  utilise 


!.— Section  of  Power  Station  and  Sluice  Gates,  Trollhattax. 

F 


644 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,847,  April  is,  1913. 


an  eflfective  head  of  30  m.  Each  turbine  consists  of  two 
wheels  enclosed  in  a  common  steel  casing,  and  is  provided 
with  automatic  regulating  apparatus.  Eventually  the 
station  will  contain  eight  generating  sets,  in  addition  to 
the  three  exciting  sets,  of  350  Kw.  each  at  :.'20  volts.  A 
storage  battery  is  used  in  conjunction  with  the  exciters. 
The  switchgear  is  housed  in  a  separate  building,  connected 
with  the  works  by  a  cable  tunnel  200  m.  in  length,  there 
being  no  room  for  the  switch-house  close  to  the  power 
station.  The  tunnel  is  divided  into  four  independent 
corridors,  and  carries,  in  addition  to  the  main  cables,  the 
signalling  and  operating  lines  for  the  complex  system  of 
remote  control  rendered  necessary  by  the  long  distance 
between  the  two  buildings. 

In  the  switch-house  are  cells  for  eight  groups  of  trans- 
formers, of  the  oil-insulated  water-cooled  type,  which  step  up 
the  pressure  of  part  of  the  supply  to  50,000  volts,  for  trans- 
mission to  the  more  remote  centres  of  utilisation. 

The  alternators  have  an  efficiency  of  1)6  per  cent,  when 
giving  1),000  Kw.  with  a  power  factor  of  0'8,  and  90-'.t  when 
giving  7,200  Kw.  at  unity  power  factor.  The  rise  of  pres- 
sure when  the  full  load  is  switched  off  is  21  per  cent.  The 
mode  of  excitation  is  unusual  :  the  three  exciters  work  at 
220  volts,  and  each 
of  the  alternators 
has  on  the  end  of 
the  shaft  an  excit- 
ing booster,  which 
is  connected  in 
series  with  the  field 
winding  and  the 
main  exciter  bus- 
bars, and  gives  a 
pressure  varying 
from  +  no'  to 
—  220  volts.  Thus 
the  resultant  pres- 
sure of  the  exciting 
current  can  be 
varied  between  0 
and  330  volts,  by 
regulating  the 
field  of  the  sepa- 
rately excited 
boosters.  0  ne  of  the 
alternators  is  pro- 


vided with  damping  coils  on  the  poles,  to  enable  it  to  run  as 
a  single-phase  generator  for  traction,  the  future  supply  of 


Fig. 


-IxTERioB  OF  Switch-Room. 


Fig.  0.— Plan  oi    Towtu  .st.vtion  and  FoRtiiAV,  Tbollhattan. 


Fk;.  4.— Power  Canal  and  Forebay,  Tbollhattan. 


the  State  railways 
being  one  of  the 
purposes  for  which 
the  works  have 
been  built.  The 
stator  can  be  moved 
axially  sideways,  to 
enable  the  coils  to 
be  easily  got  at  for 
inspection  or  re- 
placement, the 
winding  being  laid 
in  open  slots. 

A  noteworthy 
feature  of  the  gene- 
rators is  the  system 
of  ventilation  em- 
ployed. As  will  be 
seen  in  the  illus- 
tration, fig.  2,  the 
rotors  are  enclosed, 
and  are  provided 
with  ducts  bringing 
air  from  the  outside  of  the  power  station, 
the  rotors  carrying  fans  to  propel  the  air, 
which  passes  through  the  stator  and  is 
carried  away  to  outlets  in  the  walls  of  the 
Ijuilding.  The  cooling  air  recjuired  amounts 
to  about  20  m'.  per  second  for  each  machine. 
In  winter  the  heated  air  is  useful  for 
warming  the  buildings,  and  in  summer  the 
station  is  kept  cool ;  an  additional  advan- 
tage is  that  the  machines  are  absolutely 
noiseless.  The  generators  can  be  run  as 
open  machines  by  taking  off  the  central  end 
shields.  The  stators  are  of  considerable 
size,  measuring  (;-05  m.  in  height  from  the 
base,  and  4'1)  m.  from  the  ground  level ; 
the  rotor  is  4 -75  m.  in  diameter.  Each 
generator  weighs  about  200  tons,  the  rotor 
alone  weighing  (57  tons.  In  these  days  of 
high-speed  turbines,  the  majestic  dimensions 
of  the  machines  of  ten  years  ago  are  seldom 
met  with  :  fig.  2  will  give  a  fair  impres- 
sion of  the  massive  proportions  of  these 
fine  alternators. 

The  storage  battery  has  a  capacity  of 
1,000  Kw.-hours,  or  4,800  amp.-hours  at  the 
three-hour  rate  of  discharge. 

In  the  switch-room  there  are  two  control- 
boards  of  the  bench  type,  for  the  gene- 
rators, and  for  tlie  transformers  and  feeders 
respectively.  These  are  shown  in  fig.  .">, 
with  the  signal  desk  provided  with  tele- 
phones and  engine-room  telegraphs  com- 
municating with  the  power  station. 
{To  be  concluded.) 


Vol.72.     No.  1,.HI7,  Al'llll,  IK,   I'Jia.  1 


Till]    KTiECTRTCAL    IlKVIKW. 


640 


SOME    AMERICAN     CEMENT    MILL 
INSTALLATIONS. 

As  many  of  our  readers  arc  uwiire,  the  (conditions  of  service 
under  wliicli  electriciil  motors  in  cement  works  are  called 
u])on  to  work,  are  extremely  siivere  ; 
the  iitmospliere  is  heavily  charged  with 
dust,  and  the  attention  f^ivcn  to  the 
electrical  plant  is  often  ([uite  unskilled 
in  character,  "^'et  both  in  this  coutitry 
and  abroad,  the  electrical  drive  is  now 
rejjarded  as  an  indispensable  feature  of 
the  modern  cement  mill,  and  as  cement 
nuichinery  larj:jely  runs  throufjhout  the 
day  and  nifj;ht,  it  obviously  provides  an 
excellent  load  factor  for  electrical  "gene- 
rating plant.  For  work  of  this  descrip- 
tion, the  A.c.  s(iuirrel-cage  induction 
motor  is  generally  considered  the  best  for 
well-known  reasons,  and  our  views  illus- 
trate some  typical  applications  of  these 
machines  in  large  American  cement 
works. 

Fig.  1  shows  two  4 40- volt  40-ii.i'. 
S(iuirrel-cage  motors,  speed  1(!()  h.p.m., 
driving  ball  mills  in  a  raw-material  mill 
of  the  Universal  Portland  Cement  Co. 

The  ball  mill  consists  of  a  heavy 
cylindrical  drum  containing  heavy  steel 
balls,  which  grind 
the  material  fed  in 
as  the  drum  slowly 
rotates  ;  the  drum 
speed  is  only  about 
20  R.i'.M.,  and  two- 
gear  reductions  are 
often  adopted,  l)ut 
where  a  2 5 -cycle 
supply  is  available, 
good  results  are 
obtainable  by  using 
a  slow-speed  induc- 
tion motor,  as 
shown,  with  only 
one  gear  reduc- 
tion. 

In  the  works 
referred  to,  there 
are  nine  of  these 
mills  so  driven. 

Figs.  2  and  7, 
shoAV  Fuller  mills 
driven  by  vertical 
type  S(|uirrel  -  cage 
motors;    in   these 


mills  the  <x:ntrifugal  prcHKiire  of  lur)(e  Ht<;cl  )mllii  against 
u  heavy  sU-el  ring  pidveriw*  the  material,  which  in  driven 
out  by  a  fan  through  a  s<:n:en  which  HurroutidH  ibc 
chamber  imnu-diately  above  the  steel  ring.  The  Fuller 
mill  is  HoineLinies  driven  by  ordinary  tyjie  moUirw  by  meunH 
of  (piarter  turn  belts,  an  arrangement  which,  on   ac(x>unt  of 


Fig.  1. — Two  40-h  p.  Squirrel-Cage  Motors  Drivi.ng  Bali<  Mills. 


Fig.  2. — Vertical  Motors  Driving  Fuller  Mills;  Usiversal  Portland 
Cement  Co. 


the  belt  wear,  is 
not  so  good  as  that 
shown  and  almost 
always  used.  The 
first  view  shows  four 
of  eight  40  -  H.i'., 
500  R.P.Ji.,  440- 
volt  s.c.  motors 
driving  Fuller  mills 
at  the  Universal 
Cement  Co.'s  works, 
and  the  second  10 
550-volt,  2rj-cycle, 
75-H.p.  s.c.  motors, 
speed  500  r.p.ji., 
in  similar  use  at 
the  Tidewater  Port- 
land Cement  Co.'s 
works. 

Our  illustrations, 
figs,  o  and  5,  show 
squirrel-cage  induc- 
tion motors  driving 
tube  mills  through 


Fig.  3.— Twelve  100-h.p.  Motors  Driving  Tube  Mills. 


gearing. 

As  will  be  seen  in 
the  first  illustration,  fig.  i\,  of  12  440-volt 
100-H.P.  machines,  speed  lilil  r.p.m., 
driving  raw  material  tube  mills,  through 
flexible  couplingsand  countershafts  on  the 
mills,  at  the  Universal  Portland  Cement 
Co.'s  works,  the  motors  are  installed  in  a 
separate  room  ensuring  much  cleaner 
operating  conditions  than  would  other- 
wise be  obtained.  Fig,  5 — a  view  in 
the  Sandusky  Cement  Co.'s  works,  where 
six  85-H.P.  375  r.p.m.  motoi-s  driving 
tube  mills  are  in  use — gives  a  better 
idea  of  the  flexible  coupling  and  ordinary 
operating  conditions  where  tube  mills 
are  driven.  The  tube  mill,  it  may  be 
mentioned,  is  one  of  the  most  extensively 
employed  in  various  industries  where  a 
fine  product  is  required  ;  it  consists 
only  of  a  horizontal  rotating  steel 
cylinder  lined  with  hard  cast-iron  plates 
and  about  half  filled  with  flint  pebbles. 

The  modern  rotary  kiln,  which  will 
be  familiar  to  our  readers,  is  used  for 
burning  the  raw  material  to  clinker,  the 


646 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEYIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,847,  April  1^,  1913. 


Hame  travelling  up  the  kiln  in   the  opposite  direction  to  the 
material.     Such  kilns  are  driven  through  both  belt  and  gear 


AVe  are  indebted  to  the  British  Thomson-Houston  Co. 
for  the  illustrations  here  given  ;  this  company,  through 
their  associations  and  connections,  have 
electrically  e^iuipped  over  50  cement 
works  throughout  the  world,  including 
those  referriMl  to  above. 


Fig    4. — 75-u.r.  Motoks  Driving  Rotary  Kilss 

drives,  although  the  former  type  of  drive  is  preferable,  as  it 
is  possible  to  place  the  motor  at  a  greater  distance  from  the 
hot  kiln.  In  order  to  regulate  the  time  during  which  the 
material  is  subjected  to  flame,  the  speed  of  rotation  requires 


Leeds  Rifle  Clnb.  —  In  connec- 
tion with  a  shooting:  competition  recently 
arrangred  by  the  Leeds  Municipal  Officers' 
Rifle  Club,  the  prizes  were  given  by  Mr. 
W.  T.  Green,  of  the  Electricity  Department, 
Leeds,  and  consisted  of  a  silver-mounted 
Wedgwood  mug  (first  prize),  an  S.M.R.C.  silver 
spoon  (second  spoon),  and  there  was  also  a 
third  money  prize. 

A   Canadian   Electrical    Farniino; 

Plant. —  A    recent    issue   of    the     Klrctrical 
Xfws  describes  a   small  hydro-electric  plant 
in  use  on  an  Ontario  farm.     A  flour  mill  was 
being  run  by  water  power  and  another  10-H.P. 
wheel  driving  a  5-li.P.  llOvolt  dynamo  was 
added,   the    wheel    running    at    800    R.P..M., 
under  a  42-ft.  head.    No  governor  is  provided, 
the  load,  as  judged  by  the  mill  lights,  being 
regulated  by  the  water.     Electric  light  is  used    in  the  mill,  barns, 
office,   stables,   dairy   and  residence — 10    16-c.P.   and   some   2.5C.P. 
tungsten  lamps  being  employed,  usually  half  at  one  time.     In  addi- 
tion to  the  lighting,  a  motor  is  installed  for  driving  the  separator, 
pasteurizer,  churn  and  milking  machine  ;  a  motor-driven  saw  and 


Fig. 


-Tube  Mill  Drive,  Sandusky  Works,  Showing 
Flexible  Coupling. 


Fig.  C. — A  150-h.p.  Rock  Crusher  Drive. 


CXi 


to  be  varied,  and  slip-ring  motors  are  therefore  employed. 
Fig.  4  gives  a  good  idea  of  a  kiln  house  at  the  Knickerl)ocker 
Cement  Co.'s  Works,  three  75-h.p.  440-volt  slip-ring  induc- 
tion motors,  speed  72u  r.p.ai.,  being  shown  with  belt-drives 
on  to  countershafts,  and  gear-drives 
from  the  latter  to  the  kilns. 

The  kilns  are  fired  by  means  of 
powdered  coal,  and  motor-driven  fans 
are  employed  for  forcing  the  latter, 
with  the  necessary  air,  into  the  kilns, 
as  also  into  the  slag  and  limestone 
dryers. 

Our  illustration  fig.  (J  shows  a 
150-H.P.  s.c.  motor  running  at  750 
U.P.3I.  and  driving  a  gyratory  rock 
crusher  used  in  the  preliminary  rock 
crushing  operations ;  it  is  usually 
belt-driven,  as  in  the  event  of  the 
crusher  becoming  clogged  with  rock, 
a  gear  drive  would  be  subjected 
to  severe  strains.  The  view  was 
taken  in  the  Tidewater  Cement  Co.'s 
works. 

The  subject  of  electricity  in  Port- 
land cement  works  was  dealt  with 
fally  in  our  issues  on  January 
20th  and  27th,  1011,  particularly 
as  ri^ards  the  probable  power  require- 
ments. 


emery  wheel  are  employed  in  the  joiners'  shop  and  a  motor-driven 
vacuum  pump  is  installed  both  for  cleaning  purposes  and  for  use 
in  connection  with  the  milking  machine.  Arrangements  are  being 
made  to  run  a  laundry  electrically — the  ironing,  water  heating,  .Vic, 
being  already  accomplished  by  electrical  methods. 


Fig.  7.— Group  or  Tex  7.5-ii. 


Vr.uTic.\L  M(>TOK>  Driving  Fuller  Mills 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,RI7,  Ariui,  \H,  191B.] 


THE    ELEC'lHICAX.    liK/lEW 


647 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE   NOTES. 


(^Continued  from  page  (542.) 
Brazil. — The  Government  hns  authoriaerl  tlie  erection  of 

two  wirelfiHB  tclpifrnph  BtntionH,  ono  bcintr  at  Fortnlrr.a,  in  the 
State  of  Ceara,  and  tho  other  at  Porto  Mnrtinho,  in  Mntto  OroPHo. 
The  coRt  iH  to  l)f  £2(),800.  AIho  a  special  tclt'trrnph  line  is  to  be 
erected  between  Riode  Janeiro  and  tho  State  of  St.  Paul,  the  coBt  of 
construction  bein^  estimated  at  £28,000. 

Imperial  Wireless  System. — At  the  resumption  of  the 

inquiry  into  the  Marconi  aifroement  by  the  Select  Committee  on 
Wednesday  last  week,  Mr.  W.  G.  Kice,  the  »tockbroker  who  acted 
for  Mr.  Lloyd  Georere,  was  examined,  and  said  that  on  April  lyth, 
1912,  he  warned  Mr.  George  that  the  American  Marconi  shares 
were  not  o  desirable  investment.  On  May  22nd  he  purohapcd 
3,000  of  the  shares  for  Mr.  George.  Mr.  Percy  Ileybourn,  who 
dealt  in  American  Marconis,  also  jjave  evidence  with  reyard  to 
350,000  of  the  shares,  which  he  had  from  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs.  The 
witness  declined  to  eive  particulars  as  to  the  number  and  pri<'0  of 
shares  that  he  sold  before  April  U)th.  On  the  followinjf  day  Mr. 
Heybourn  was  further  examined,  but  owin{?  to  a  resolution  of  the 
majority  of  the  Committee,  a  question  as  to  the  number  of  shares 
sold  before  April  19th  was  disallowed,  and  the  minority  protested. 
The  witness's  refusal  to  answer  other  questions  was  supported  by 
the  chairman. 

The  next  witness  was  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs,  who  pave  evidence 
regardiner  the  arrangements  made  between  the  British  and  American 
companies.  As  the  new  capital  required  to  purchase  the  United 
Wireless  Co.'s  assets,  and  to  carry  out  new  work,  could  not  be 
raised  in  America,  the  British  company  agreed  to  take  up  900,000 
shares,  on  condition  that  Mr.  Isaacs  made  himself  responsible  for 
a  farther  500,000,  the  total  amount  being  £1,400,000.  He  gave 
particulars  of  the  subsequent  placing  of  the  shares  on  the  market, 
and  stated  that  all  the  profit  on  the  shares  had  gone  to  the  British 
company,  he  himself  having  made  no  profit,  though  he  was  entitled 
to  do  so.  H-^  had  heard  in  April  that  a  strong  attack  was  to  be 
made  on  the  Marconi  contract  with  the  Government,  and  that  there 
was  a  syndicate  which  whs  promoting  the  Poulsen  company,  with 
the  support  of  members  of  Parliament.  A  prospectus  of  the  Poulsfn 
system  dated  March  5th,  1912,  which  he  received,  bore  only  the 
names  of  Mr.  A.  A.  Campbell  Swinton,  attached  to  a  report  on  the 
system,  and  of  the  printer.  Mr.  Swinton  was  recommended  by  Sir 
Henry  Norman  as  an  expert  qualified  to  advise  the  Committee  as 
to  the  best  system  for  the  Government  to  adopt.  He  could  not 
obtain  any  information  as  to  the  source  of  the  prospectus.  He 
heard  in  July  that  those  connected  with  the  syndicate  were 
arranging  an  attack  upon  Ministers  to  prevent  the  ratification  of 
the  contract. 

On  Monday  Mr.  Isaacs  was  further  examined  with  regard  to  his 
evidence-in-chief,  and  stated  that  he  had  been  informed  from  many 
sources  that  Major  Aroher-Shee,  M.P.,  and  Mr.  Norton-Griffiths, 
M.P.,  were  concerned  in  the  agitation.  It  being  pointed  out  that 
the  Committee  knew  that  Mr.  Swinton  had  reported  on  the 
Poulsen  system,  long  before  Sir  Henry  Norman  mentioned  his 
name,  Mr.  Isaacs  stated  that  he  was  not  aware  of  the  fact.  The 
net  result  of  the  arrangement  with  the  American  Co.  was  that  the 
English  Co.  had  rights  to  about  1,200,000  shares  out  of  a  total  share 
capital  of  2,000,i^00.  He  offered  the  American  shares  to  his 
brothers  because  he  thought  the  American  Co.  had  the  best  prospect 
of  all  the  wireless  companies.  In  1909  the  English  Co.  was  badly 
in  want  of  capital ;  it  had  a  substantial  business  and  a  large 
organisation,  but  no  liquid  capital.  The  number  of  American 
shares  now  held  by  the  English  Co.  was  566,700. 

After  discussing  the  fluctuations  in  the  price  of  the  English  Co.'s 
shares,  Mr.  Isaacs  stated  that  not  only  the  contract  with  the 
Norwegian  Government,  but  practically  every  important  under- 
taking in  the  world  that  he  had  been  negotiating  for  the  last  two 
years  was  standing  over,  in  consequence  of  the  contract  with  the 
British  Government.  The  English  Co.  had  resold  practically  the 
whole  of  the  assets  of  the  United  Wireless  Co.  to  the  American  Co. 
The  Committee  sat  again  on  Wednesday. 

On  Monday,  Major  Aicher-Shee  and  Mr.  Norton-Griffiths  both 
published  statements  that  they  had  no  financial  interest  in  the 
Poulsen  Syndicate. 

Wireless  Telephony. — At    Dinnington   Main   colliery, 

in  the  South  Yorkshire  coal  area,  interesting  experiments  are  being 
conducted  with  wireless  telephony.  An  installation  is  being  fitted 
up  in  the  pit  and  on  the  surface,  and  it  is  claimed  that  the 
system,  invented  by  a  German  scientist,  makes  it  possible  to 
converse  through   1,500  yards  of  solid  rock. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Australia. — May  14th.  Grenerating  plant  for  Darwin 
Radiotelegraph  Stfttjon,  Northern  Territory.  Bee  "Official  Notices" 
April  nth, 


ViCTouiA.-  May  .10th.  iligh-lcniiion  nwitchyear  with  remot* 
control,  for  the  Multxjurno  City  Coancil.  H«e  "OfllclAl  Vuticca " 
Mar<;h  2Mth. 

April  29th.— 20,000  yd.  of  .')  in.  filire  condait,  for  the  MelboonM) 
City  Council.     Heo  •Omclnl  N-.ti -wi  "  April  llth. 

8yi>nkv.— May  1 2th.  Fibre  conduit  for  the  City  (UixxncW. 
May  26th.—  Metem  and  glared  Htonewan!  brid(rf».  July  7th — Arc 
lomp  caibons.  .SpicifirationM  lOn.  t'ul.  fur  each  Motion,  from  City 
Electrical  Knginecr's  I)<-partniient.'    Aiittrnliiin  Mining  Stamlnril. 

Tas.ma.ma.  June  9th.  Telegraph  ond  telephorie  mBterisl  for 
the  P.M.G.H  I^cpartiiient.     See  "Oflloial  NoticeM"  t<j-day. 

QtiKKNsi.ANi).  May  2lht.  Copper  wire  and  acccmorie*,  for  the 
P.M.G.'m  Dcjiartment.     Sec  "Official  Notice*  "  April  lltb. 

Austria.— ViK.sNA.— May  l:uh.  Supply  of  1,800  inter- 
calary HwitchcH  for  the  ccntral-l)»ttery  nyntem.  Particalara, 
PoBtokonomieverwaltung,  Vienna. 

Iledford.-  April  i!Srd.  Carbon  and  metaliic-filument 
incandcHcent  lamps,  for  a  year,  for  the  Corporation.  .Ste  "Official 
NoticcH  '  April  1  Ith. 

Beljcium.-Miiy   linl.     The  Belgian  Government.  Salle 

de  la  Madeleine,  Brusnels.     Supply  and  erection  at  the  Royal  Palace 
at  Laekeu,  of  two  rotary  tronsformers. 

Canada. — Wi.vmi'Ki;. — May  loth.  City  Light  and 
Power  Department.  Two  three-phase  generators  of  5,000  Kw.  for 
direct  connection  to  6K00-hp.  water  turbines;  also  xpare  parts. 
Chairman,  Board  of  Control.  Depoeit.  £205.  Particulars,  Board  of 
Trade  Com.  Intel.  Department  in  London. 

Cheltenham. —  The  T.C.  has  instrncted  the  lx)rough 
electrical  engineer  to  obtain  tenders  for  additional  condensing 
plant. 

Dablin, — April  24th.  High-tension  and  low-tension 
switcbgear,  cables  and  accessories,  for  the  Corporation.  S«e 
"Official  Notices"  April  llth. 

May  1st. — E.n.P.  sub-station  switchboard  and  accessories  and 
alteration  to  existing  e.h.p.  switchboard,  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Felixstowe  and    Walton. — May   oth.     One   150-kw. 

Diesel-driven   D.c.   generating   set  for  the   T'.D.C.     See   "  Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

Germany. — The  Hamburg  Finance  Deputation  is  at 
present  in  the  market  for  the  supply  of  four  electric  cranes. 

April  24th. — The  Lighting  Committee  of  the  Municipal  Council 
of  Bremen  is  inviting  tenders  for  the  supply  and  erection  of  two 
transformers  at  the  central  electric  lighting  station. 

Hoylake  and  West  Rirby. — May  5th.    One  400-k\v. 

alternator  and  triple-expansion  Belliss  engine,  and  evaporative  con- 
densing plant,  tor  the  U.D.C.     See  "  Official  Notices  '"  to-day. 

Hull. — April  23rd.  Electric  light  at  Stepney  Lane  and 
Cleveland  Street  workshops  and  stables,  for  the  T.C.  Mr.  A.  E. 
White,  City  Engineer,  Guildhall. 

April  24th. — Electric  light  installation  and  fittings.  Saner  Street 
School,  for  the  T.C.     Mr.  J.  H.  Hirst,  City  Architect,  Guildhall. 

Kin8:'s  I-vnn. — May  5th.  One  4,000-kw.  steam  dynamo 
with  condensing  plant  and  pipework,  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Liverpool. — April  18th.  Electric  light  and  power 
installation  at  the  Highfield  Infirmary,  Knotty  Ash,  for  the  Select 
Vestry.     See  "Official  Notices"  April  llth. 

London. — L.C.C.^April  23rd.  Electrical  installation 
at  Shadwell  High  Street  Special  School.  See  "  Official  Notices  " 
April  4th. 

FuLHAM. — April  23rd.  6,000  tons  of  nutty  slack  coal,  for  the 
B.C.  Electricity  Works.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  4th. 

SoUTHWABK. — April  23rd.  Two  boilers,  with  fan,  economiser 
and  conveyors,  two  1,500-KW.  generators,  four  converters,  switch- 
board, barometric  condenser,  cooling  tower  and  steel  structure,  for 
the  B.C.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  Hth. 

Metropolitan  Asylitms  Board. — April  23rd.  Electric  light 
installation  in  the  Laundry  Block  and  Block  No.  12  at  the  Grove 
Fever  Hospital,  Tooting  Graveney.  See  "Official  Notices' 
April  llth. 

KovAL  Mint. — April  25th.  120  tons  of  ingot  copper.  See 
"Official  Notices''  to-day. 

Manchester.  —  April  23rd.  e.u.t.  switchgear,  low- 
pressure  steam  and  water  pipes,  hot-well,  valves,  4:c.,  and  two 
50-H.P.  three-phase  motors  for  cooling  towers,  for  the  Corporation. 
See  "  Official    Notices  "  April  1 1th. 

Newcastle-on-Tyne. — April  2:Jrd.  E.H.T.  three-phase 
lead-covered  paper  cable  and  single  conductor  l.t.  lead-covered 
paper  cable,  for  the  Corporation  Tramways  Committee.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  April  llth. 

Newport.— April    26th.      One    2,000-2,500-kw.   steam 
turbo-alternator,     surface    condensing    plant,    one    600-kw.    d.c. 
generator,  and  e.h.t.  and  L.T.  switchgear,  for  the  Corporation.     See 
Official  Notices"  April  llth. 

Rochdale. — April,  24th.  Tramways  Committee.  Stores 
and  matwials  for  a  year.  Mr,  J.  8,  D,  Moffet,  Tramway  Offices, 
Mellor  Street. 


648 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EE^^EW 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,847,  Apbil  18,  1913. 


Rotherham.  —  April    19th.      Three    motor-omnibuses, 

complete  and  ready  for  use,  for  the  T.C.    The  Tramways  Manaper. 

Salford. — May  r.itb.  Tenders  invited  for  10  car  bodies 
and  10  Brill  trucks.  General  Manager,  32,  Blackfriars  Street, 
Salford. 

Sheffield.— May  oth.  Excavations,  retaining  walls  and 
extension  to  water  service  reservoir  at  Xeepeend  Power  Station, 
inclndiner  valves,  pipework,  &c.,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

Soath  Africa. —  Durban.— ;May  28th.  Electric  meter- 
testing-  equipment,  for  the  Council.  Copy  of  specification,  kc,  may 
be  seen  at  Board  of  Trade  Com.  Intel.  Dept.  in  London. 

South  Shields. — May  Ist.  Tramway  stores  for  one  or 
three  years,  for  the  T  C.     Mr.  W.  T.  Robson.  manager,  Dean  Road. 

Spain. — Barcki-oxa. — Tenders  are  requested  for  a  con- 
cession for  the  installation  and  working  of  an  electric  tramway 
within  the  precincts  of  Barcelona.  Deposit,  4,197'55  pesetas. 
Particulars,  Ministerio  de  Fomento,  Madrid. 

Madrid.— May  2 let.  Tenders  are  invited  for  the  construction  of 
a  strategic  railway  from  Verin  to  Sanabria,  worked  by  steam  or 
electricity.  Local  representation  indispensable.  Particulars  from 
the  Ministerio  de  Fomento,  Madrid. 

Venezaela. — The  municipal  authorities  of  Ocumare  del 
Tuy  ore  at  present  inviting  tenders  for  the  concession  for  the 
electric  lighting  of  the  town, 

Warrington. — April  29tb.     Two  steel  frames,  for  the 

Electricity   and   Tramways  Committee.      Mr.   F.   V.   L.    Mathias, 
Borough  Electrical  and  Tramways  Manager,  Howley,  Warrington. 


CLOSED. 


Australia. — Onr  contemporary  Tenderfi  (M.  and  E. 
Peripw)  reports  that  the  Sydney  Council  received  the  following 
tenders  for  flame  arc  lamps  : — 

Union  Electric  Co.  of  Australia,  Ltcl £656 

(alternative)      725 

Australian  Me'al  Co.,  Ltd.  753 

Fa'kner.Boll  Eloctric  Machine  Co 813 

K.  Guthridge,  Ltd 946 

The  Sydney  Council  has  also  received  the  following  tenders  for  a 
5,000-KW.  motor-generator  : — 

Noyes  Bros.  (Sydnev),  Ltd.— £23,810. 

Australian   Metal  Co.,  Ltd.— Formal  tender,  £21,238;    alternative  No.  1, 

£20,663;  alternative  No.  2,  £18,521 ;  alternative  No.  3,  £17,851. 
Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd  —Formal  tender.  £23.495. 

■Wm.  Adams  &  Co.,  Ltd.- Formal  'ender,  £J7,661 ;  alternative,  £26,589. 
AnatraliBn  General  Electric  Co —Formal  tender,  £26,871 ;  alternative  No.  1, 

£24,158;  alternative  No.  2,  £28,101. 
Haes  &  Eggers.  Ltd.— Formal  tender,  £23,650. 
Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.— No  formal  tender;  alternative  No.  1, 

£8,640. 
BellisB  &  Morcrm,  Ltd.  (agents,  Messrs.  Price,  Martyn  &  Co.).— Formal 

tender,  £24,100,  exclusive  of  duty. 

The  same  exchange  states  that  the  Provincial  Electric  Development 
Co.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the  Silverton  Telegraph  Works  Co., 
Ltd.,  Melbourne,  for  the  installation  of  electricity  in  Shepparton 
(Vic).    The  plant  will  include  a  Hornsby  suction  gas  engine. 

The  Corowa  Shire  Council  (N.S.W.)  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
the  Australian  Metal  Co.  for  electrical  plant  in  connection  with  the 
lightiner  system  to  be  installed. 

The  Home  Affairs  Department,  Victoria,  has  placed  a  large  order  for 
tubular  iron  poles  with  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.,  and  one  for  copper 
wire,  .300  lb  per  mile,  121  tons,  at  £98  7s.  i">d.  per  ton  with  Messrs. 
.Johnson,  Clapham  i:  Morris.  Messrs.  Siemens  will  also  supply 
46.000  porcelain  insulators,  and  lUl  tons  of  copper  wire,  at  JE9S  lOs. 
per  ton. 

Ff^r  the  Maffra  (Vic.)  Shire  Council  the  following  plant,  &(-.,  has 
been  ordered  : — 

Two  87-Kw.  generators,  £657:   switchboard,  £220;   battery,  lOOcell,  £600; 

erection  of  poles.  £879.- Hlcmens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd. 
Poles,  £373.— Chas.  Dennis,  ,Iun. 
Cables,  £795  —B.I.  &  Helsby  Cables,  Lt^. 
Power  house,  £f28.— W.  Dennett. 
BuctioD  gas  plant,  £2,070.- R.  Hornsby  &  Bons. 
According    to   the   Aiixtralian   Mining   Standard,   the   following 
orders  have  been  placed  by  the  Postmaster-General's  Department : — 

HOBART. 

46  chains  cable,  260  pairs,  £426. -B, I.  &  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd. 
118  chains  cable,  206  pairs,  £8.3S  ;  54  chains  cable,  ISfipairs,  £311.— Australian 
Metal  Co.,  Ltd. 

GENERil-. 

Ten  Tudor  accumulator  batteries,  unburnt,  £256  each.- Tudor  Accumulator 

Co.,  Ltd.  (London). 
One  lS(17i-n.B.r.  vertical  marine  oil  engine,  with  D.c.  generator  set,  delivery, 

£300:  10  generating  plants,  each  comprising  a  15/17i-B.n.r.  two-cylinder 

vertical  marine  oil  engine,   with  d.c.  generator  set,  for  Fremantle. 

Darwin,  Cooktown  and  Rockhampton.  £3,079.— The  Maritime  Wireless 

Co.  (Bhaw  System),  Ltd.,  Randwick,  N.S.W. 

Balmoral. —  In  connection  with  the  electric  light  and 
organ-blowing  installation  at  the  Craithie  Church,  Messrs.  Stanley 
Roy  in  Co.,  of  E-linburgh,  are  supplying  the  Lister-Bruston  system. 

Barrow-in-Farness. — The  T.(3.  has  accepted  the  tender 

of  the  Reason  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  miniature  type  elec- 
trolytic meters  for  the  ensuing  year. 

Be.xhill, — The  Council  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Crcmpton  t  Co.,  Ltd..  at  £:-<30.  for  a  switchboard  for  the 
plectricity  works. 


Bolton. — After  considering  a  letter  from  Mr,  W.  Gornall 
referring  to  his  tender  for  chimney  stacks  at  the  new  generating 
station,  the  Electricity  Committee  rescinded  the  resolution  passed 
on  March  27th  accepting  his  tender  for  the  erection  of  two 
chimney  shafts.  The  tender  of  Mr.  S.  Pearce  was  accepted.  The 
tender  of  the  Chloride  Electrical  Storage  Co.  for  storage  battery 
was  acrcpted  ;  also  that  of  Messrs.  Royce,  Ltd.,  for  an  overhead 
travelling  crane. 

Bournemouth. — The  T.C.  has  arranged  witfi  the  Post 
Office  to  provide,  fix  and  maintain  fire-alarm  telephones,  IS  circuits 
to  be  connected,  at  H  12i;  per  annum. 

Bradford. — The  new  spinning  mill  and  weaving  shed  of 
Messrs.  G.  A.  White  &:  Co.,  of  Dumb  Mills,  Frizinghall,  are  to 
be  supplied  with  a  complete  electrical  installation,  both  power 
and  lighting,  and  the  order  for  the  work  has  been  placed  in  the 
hinds  of  the  A. E.G.  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  Leeds. 

Croydon.— The  E.L.  Committee  has  accepted,  for  the 
ensuing  year,  the  tender  of  the  Reason  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd., 
for  electrolytic  meters  up  to  10  amperes  for  use  on  d.c.  circuits. 

Epypt. — The  following  t^ndei-s  were  received  for  the 
Damietta  installation  ;  in  the  specification  for  the  station  plant 
three  Diesel  engines  were  called  for  which  were  to  be  capable  of 
being  started  on  petrol : — 

FOS  BOTH   SKCTIONB. 

Ganz  &  Co highest  £E17,690 

Various  alternative  offers  lowest        16,260 

Compignie  Egyptienne  Thomson-Houston  . .     highest        18,230 

Various  alternative  ofTers  lowest        16,123 

Siemens  Schukert         highest        16,060 

Various  alternative  offers  lowest        14,880 

Naham,  one  offer  16,078 

FoH  Section  1  Only. 

Bayer  (SColley         ..        ..  £E10,732-721 

Egyptian  Engineering  Stores 9,660 

Egyptian  Engineering  Co.  8,730'600 

Nahman  &  Co 8,286 

(Egyptian  pound  =  £1  Os.  6d.) 

Glasgow. — A  number  of  tenders  have  been  accepted  by 
the  T.C.'s  electricity  department.     These  include  : — 

40-ton  overhead  travelling  crane  for  Port  Dundas  station.— John  Grieve 

and  Co.,  £1.339. 
Alterations  in  ush-conveying  plant  at  St.  Andrew's  Cross  station.- Babcock 

and  Wilcox,  Ltd.,  £1,595. 
Motor  for  same.-B.T.H.  Co.,  Ltd.,  £218. 
Feed  pump  for  Poit  Dundas  station.— J.  &  P.  Hall,  £272. 
Coal  conveyor  lor  Partick  works.— Babcock  &  Wilcox,  Ltd.,  £890. 

Halifa.x. — The  Council  has  placed  a  contract  with  Meesrs. 
Chamberlain  &  Hookham  for  meters. 

Immingbam  Docks. — Messrs.  Johnson  (t~  Phillips,  Ltd.. 

who  early  last  year  supplied  an  installation  of  200  "  Metroflam  " 
magaz  ne  flame  arc  lamps  for  the  Great  Central  Railway's  new 
docks  at  Immingham,  have  now  in  hand  a  repeat  order  for  111 
similar  lamps,  the  company  having  decided  to  extend  the 
"Metroflam"'  lighting  at  Immingham  and  Grimsby.  A  large 
number  of  these  lamps  are  also  being  supplied  to  the  Barry 
Railway  Co.  for  their  coal-loading  staithes  at  Barry,  and  to  the 
Tyne  Improvement  Commission  for  the  lighting  of  the  docks  on 
that  river. 

Lincoln, — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Whipp  6c  Bourne  for  a  switchboard  for  the  electricity  works. 

London. — L.C.C. — The  Highways  Committee  received  the 
following  tenders  for  static  transformers  required  for  the  Shore- 
ditch  sub-station  : — 

Johnson  &  Phillips,  Ltd £8,846 

British  Electric  Transformer  Co..  Ltd.      (recommended)    4,880 

British  Westinghouse,  «c.,  Co.,  Ltd 4,497 

Btush  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd 6,4CB 

Chief  Officer's  estimate.  £4,000. 

For  foundry  crucibles  and  furnace  linings  for  use  in  the  tram- 
ways department,  the  tender  of  the  Morgan  Crucible  Co.,  Ltd.,  at 
£71,  was  accepted;  also  that  of  Messrs.  BuUers,  Ltd..  for  2,200 
track  insulators,  at  38  7jd.  each,  and  that  of  Jlessrs.  Doulton  &  Co., 
for  3,200  porcelain  insulators,  at  9d.  each. 

Maeylebone. — Through  a  blunder  on  the  part  of  a  News  Agency 
we  published  under  Marylebone  last  week  a  list  of  tenders  which 
had  been  accepted  by  the  Wimbledon  Council.  The  Marylebone 
contract  for  meters  (Chamberlain  &  Hookham)  is  held  by  Messrs. 
Venner  &  Co.  for  some  time  to  come.  Messrs.  Ferranti's  tender  for 
ordinary  P.P.  meters  was,  we  understand,  for  Wimbledon. 

Stepney. — The  B.C.  Electricity  Committee  received  the  following 
tenders  for  four  water-tube  boilers,  with  chimneys,  economisers 
and  other  accessories  : — 

With  chain    With  travelling 
grate  stokers,    grate  stokers. 
Howden  Boiler  Co.      (recommended)     £84,120  £85,700 

Babcock  &  Wilcox 36,200  86,010 

Clarke,  Chapman  &  Co 87,642  3»',960 

For  two  valves  required  for  Limehouse  station  for  use  in  con- 
nection with  the  River  wells,  the  tenders  received  were  : — 

Blakeborougb,  J.,  &  Sons  .  -      'accepted)  £60  per  valve. 

Alley  &  MttcLellan         70    ., 

Glcnileld «  Kennedy 80    ., 

PorLAB. — The  tender  of  the  Western  Electric  Co..  Ltd  ,  has  been 
accepted  by  the  B.C.,  at  £2,785,  for  the  supply  of  5,000  yd.  of 
■15-in  three-core  6,000-7,000-volt  E  h.t.  cable,  subject  to  a  variation 
of  £2  18s.  3d.  per  1,000  yd.  for  every  208.  rise  or  fall  in  price  of 
copper,  and  £2  10s.  3d.  per  1,000  yd.  for  every  10s.  rise  or  fall  in 
price  of  lead.  Other  tenders  were  received  from  Siemens  Bros,  and 
Co,,  Ltd..  at  £2,820;  B,I.  and   Helsby  Cables,  Ltd..  £2.830;  and 


Vol.  73.  No.  1,847,  apkil  18, 1918.]       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


649 


W.  T.  nenloy'B  Telrirraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd.,  £2,850.  The  fonder  of 
Otard  i^  Raynor  han  alHo  been  aooepted,  at  £61,  for  the  fiupply  of  a 
Rurfaoe  water-heator. 

St.  PANCiua.— The  }i.C  haB  received  the  followinfir  tenderB  for 
the  supply  of  215,000  pairs  of  open  type  arc  lamp  carboDH  :  — 

OcipclAPo X9fl2 

Slonn  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd lacooplod)  674 

L.omioii  i;  cctrii;  WiiulioUBO  Co 7B0 

Cromptoii  a  Co.,  Ltd 710 

fillip  Carlion  Co.,  Ltd 769 

J.  A  H.  Oruvcnor 786 

The  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd -880 

Ucncral  lOlectrio  Co.,  Ltd B81 

Braullk  &  Co 867 

Kloctrical  GnKincorinR  Co.,  Ltd 911 

SinincnB  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd 1,071 

The  tenders  of  the  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  £4S,  Ceipel  and 
Co.,  at  £2"),  Sloan  Electrical  ("o.,  Ltd.,  at  £39,  and  the  Union 
Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  £105,  have  lioen  accepted  for  a  supply  of  tlanie 
arc  lamp  carbons  ;  aa  has  also  the  tender  of  the  British  Electric 
Transformer  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  £118,  for  a  transformer  for  testinf; 
purposes. 

Manchester. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted 

the  following  tenders  : — 

Callendcr's  Cable  and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd. — For  12  months'  requirements 

of  low-tension  distribution  cables. 
Liverpool  Electric  Cable  Oo  ,  Ltd.— For  rubber-insulated  cable. 
Electrical  Engineering  and  Equipment  Co.,  Ltd.— For  piiper-insulated  cable. 
B.I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.— For  tbe  purcbase  of  scrap  cable. 

The  Tramways  Committee  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the  Daimler 
Co.,  Ltd.,  for  four  motor-omnibuses,  and  that  of  Mepsrs.  Bell  Bros, 
for  one  motor-car. 

Morocco. — With  reference  to  the  call  for  tenders  for 
insulators  and  brackets  for  the  Moroccan  Post  and  Telegraph 
Service,  it  is  notified  by  the  Acting-  British  Consul-General  at 
Tangier,  that  the  contract  has  been  awarded,  for  the  sum  of 
12,750  fr.  (£510),  to  a  French  citizen  in  that  city.— Board  of  Tradi' 
Journal. 

Keasden. — Messrs.  E.  Bennis  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  received 

a  repeat  order  from  the  Metropolitan  Railway  Co.,  for  their  Neasden 
power  station,  to  relink  36  grates  with  their  Bennis-Miller-Bennett 
link,  including  change  speed  continuous  driving  gear.  This  con- 
tract follows  an  initial  order  for  four  sets,  bringing  the  number 
supplied  to  this  station  to  40.  The  Bennis  link  which  is  being 
substituted  for  those  of  another  make  hitherto  in  use,  is  specially 
adapted  for  slack  coals  and  can  now  be  applied  to  any  existing 
chain  grate  frames.  The  link  is  particularly  valuable  where  it  is 
essential  to  burn  slack  or  rough  small  as  well  as  better  class  coals, 
inasmuch  as  it  is  so  constructed  that  it  is  not  liable  to  bum  off. 

New  Zealand. — The  contract  for  switchboard  for  the 
Auckland  Harbour  Board,  which  was  noted  for  some  time  in  the 
Review,  has  been  let  to  Messrs.  Tumbnll  &  Jones. 

Plyraoutb. — The  contract  with  the  British  Electric 
Transformer  Co.  has  been  renewed  for  a  year  at  the  same  prices, 
plus  5  per  cent,  on  account  of  increased  cost  of  materials.  The 
existing  contract  with  the  B.I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd..  has  also 
been  extended  to  March,  1914. 

Southampton. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  tenders  for 
annual  supplies  of  cable  from  the  following  : — 

Vulcanised   bitumen.— W.  Pickard,   Ltd.;    Craigpark  Electric  Cable  Co.. 

Ltd. ;  and  B.I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd. 
Paper  lead  ctncentric. — Union  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. 

Soul  hen  d -on-Sea. — A  two  years'  contract  for  demand 

limiters  has  been  placed  with  Venner  Time  Switches,  Ltd. 

Swindon. — The  tender  of  the  Electrical  Apparatus  Co., 
Ltd.,  for  the  supply  of  3-amp.  meters  for  220  and  440  volts,  has  been 
accepted  bv  the  Council. 

Wali*all. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
E.  Green  &  Son,  at  £495,  for  thoroughly  overhauling  No.  iL 
e.conomi8er  and  carrying  out  certain  renewals. 

The  following  tenders  have  also  been  accepted  ; — 

Bahcock  &  Wilcox,  Ltd.— Wa»er-tube  boiler,  superheater,  mechanical 
stoker,  econcmiscr,  &c.,  for  the  generating  station,  £3,231. 

Pearson,  Huggins  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Tunics,  trousers,  overcoats  and  caps  for  the 
tramway  employes  for  the  ensuing  two  years. 

L.  Andrew  &  Co.— Oilskins  and  macintoshes. 

West  Hartleiiool. — The  Corporation  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  the  Bastian  Meter  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  supply  of  2i  and 
5-amp.  meters. 

Wolverhampton. — A  renewal  order  from  the  Wolver- 
hampton Corporation  Tramways,  for  traction  type  tantalum 
lamps  for  the  ensuing  12  months,  has  been  received  by  Messrs. 
Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd. 

I'ork. — The  T.C.  on  Monday  accepted  the  following 
tenders : — 

Baboock  &  Wilcox,    Ltd.— Two    water-tube    boilers,    with   euperbeaters, 

chain  grate  sti  kere,  pipework,  &c.,  f  4,213. 
OerlikoD  &  Co.,  Zurich.— Tuiboalteinator,  8,000  n.r.M.,  condensing  plant, 

Ac,  £9,967. 
Tudor  Acoomulator  Co.,  Ltd. — Storage  battery  and  reversible  booster,  Ac, 

£3,899,  and  £188  per  annum  for  15  years  for  maintenance. 

Yorkshire. — Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd., 
have  obtained  two  further  contracts  for  the  supply  of  tantalum 
traction  lamps  for  two  of  the  largest  Corporation  tramways  in  York- 
shire. They  have  also  received  a  contract  for  the  supply  of  Wotan 
lamps  for  shed  and  general  tramway  lighting  other  than  oars. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS 


Institution    of    Mechanical    F.nKlneera.-Krldar,  April    l8Ui.     Al   ■   p.m. 

A<lclr.  Ml  by  ilie  I'mmiluiit. 

Royal  Inatllutlon.     Friday,  April  IRth.    At  0  p  m.   DiKOarM  oa"  AppllealioiM 

ol  I'ola.iHuij  LpKht,"  by  Dr.  T.  M.  Lowry. 

Junior  Institution  of  Englnears.-Krlday,  April  leih.    Al  H  p  m.    At  M,  Vie. 
toria  Btrci't,  H.  W.     I'i.p,i  «,ii  "  Criido  Oil  KnKlni-a,"  by  Mr.  W.  A.  ToolwT. 

Kridnv,  April  2f,th.     At  H  p  rn.     Al  Wi,  Vi.-i„rl»  filrr(>«.     Paper  on  "  Coo- 
denHiiiK  Machinery,"  by  Mr.  J.  EllloH. 

Institution  of   Post   Office   Electrical   Enflneer*.- Monday,   April  Zli*. 

At{>]>.iu.     Atthel.K.K.     Annual  general  inccllnK. 

The    26    Club.— Wednesday,    April    SSrd.      At    7.16    for    7.80    p.m.      Al    tb« 
ConiiaiiKlit  Roonin,  Ot.  Queen  Htrcet,  W.C.     Wnnir. 

Association  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers  (London  Section).— Thariday, 

April  24tli.     MietiiiK  III  7  (i.ni.     At  s»li-bury  Houhi',  l-.,C. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  (London).— Tburkday,  April  3l(b.    At 
8  p.m.     I'lipcr  on  "  I'luku  AuvancinK,"  by  Dr.  O.  Kapp. 

(Yorkshire  Section).- Wednesday,  April  2Srd.     Meeting  at  1  p.m. 

At  the  UniverHity,  Slu-lllold. 

(Newcastle  Section).— Monday,  April  Slat.    Meeting  at  the  Armitrong 

College,  Newcastle.  • 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 
(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Oommandlng  OeScer— Liiut.-Col.  U.  M.  Leat. 

The  following  orders  have  been  issued  for  the  current  week  : — 

Monday,    April   21st.— "A"    Company.      Recruit  (raining,   T   to  B  p.m.: 
Bopkinson  Cup  competition,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Tuesday,  April   32nd.— "B"   Company.     Recruit    (raining,   7  to  8  p.m.; 
Bopkinson  Cup  competition,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Thursday,  April  24tb.— "C"  Company.      Recruit   training,   7  to   8  p.m.; 
Bopkinson  Cup  competition,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Friday,    April   26th.— "D"   Company.     Recruit   (raining,  7    to    8   p.m.; 
Hopkinson  Cup  competition,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Saturday,  April  26th.— Headquarters  will  be  opened  (or  regimental  batinesa 
from  10  a.m.  till  12  noon. 

(Signed)       P.  H.  Campbell,  Capt.  R.E.,  and  Adjt. 

For  OfBoer  commanding  L.E.E, 


NOTES. 
Educational    Kotes.  —  Goldsjiith's    College,    New 

Cross,  S.E. — An  announcement  is  made  in  our  advertisement  pages 
regarding  special  summer  classes  in  Jlay  and  June.  Lectures  in 
wireless  telegraphy,  with  practical  work,  engineering  costs  and 
works  management,  drawing  office  and  workshop  practice.  &c.,  are 
included  in  the  courses. 

Ceystal  Palace  School  of  Engineebisg. — The  new  course 
commences  on  Wednesday,  April  30th.  See  onr  advertisement  pages 
in  this  issue. 

E:(hibitioil  in  SMitzerland. — A  l^meetic  and  Indus- 
trial Electrical  Exhibition  is  to  be  held  at  Basle  from  August  9th  to 
September  Uth,  on  the  occasion  of  the  yearly  meeting  of  theVerein 
Schweizerische  Elektrotechniker  and  the  Verband  Schweizerische 
Elektricit  atswerke. 

The  Carleon  Train-Lighting  Dynamo.— On  Tuesday 

last  we  were  present  at  a  demonstration  of  a  new  train-lighting 
dynamo  invented  and  patented  by  Messrs.  Gavan  Inrig,  Ltd.,  who. 
it  will  be  remembered,  recently  iirought  out  a  new  gas  turbine. 
The  dynamo  was  shown  running  in  conjunction  with  a  storage 
battery  at  the  works  of  Mestrs.  Bryant,  Symons  &  Co.,  Rawstome 
Place,  E.C. 

The  principle  which  is  relied  upon  to  maintain  constant  voltage 
over  a  wide  range  of  speeds — in  the  ratio  of  1  :  (> — is  one  with 
which  readers  of  the  Review  are  not  unacquainted,  namely,  that 
of  withdrawing  the  armature  core  from  between  the  poles  of  the 
field  magnet  as  the  speed  rises,  eo  as  to  diminish  the  magnetic  flttx 
through  the  armature.  The  method  by  which  this  is  accom- 
plished in  the  "Carleon"  machine  is  ingenious.  An  obvious 
difficulty,  if  the  armature  is  moved  as  a  whole,  is  the 
necessity  of  having  a  long  commutator,  or  of  moving 
the  brushes  with  the  commutator ;  Messrs.  Inrig,  however, 
provide  the  armature  with  two  concentric  cores,  a  shallow  one 
carrying  the  winding  and  commutator,  which  is  mounted  on  a 
spider  fixed  on  the  shaft  at  the  commutator  end,  and  an  internal 
concentric  core  sliding  on  the  shaft.  The  latter  is  con- 
trolled by  a  mechanical  governor  of  the  fly-ball  type,  acting 
against  a  spiral  spring  coiled  round  the  shaft.  Before  moving  the 
armature  core,  the  governor  compresses  a  lighter  spring  and 
actuates  a  cut-in  and  cut-out  switch,  which  closes  when  the  speed 
is  sufficient  to  generate  the  neceesary  voltage,  and  opens  when 
the  speed  falls  below  that  point. 

Reversal  of  motion  of  the  train  is  provided  for  in  the  usual 
way  by  moving  the  brufhes  ;  these  being  carried  on  a  frame  with 
very  little  friction,  the  pressure  of  the  brushes  on  the  commu- 
tator serves  to  rotate  the  frame  until  its  motion  is  arrested  by 
fixed  stops,     The  latter  are  provided  with  masnetising  eolenoidi= 


650 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW 


[VoL  72.    No.  1,847,  April  IS,  1913. 


in   series   with  the  exciting   cnirent   (whioh  is  derived  from  the 
battery),  to  hold  the  frame  steadily  against  the  stop. 

In  normal  workintr.  the  makers  propose  to  couple  the  battery  in 
parallel  with  the  lamps  and  to  charee  it  from  the  dynamo  without 
the  use  of  any  reeulatin?  device.  Without  wishing  to  discourajre  the 
inventor,  or  to  disparag-e  his  work,  we  feel  bound  to  say  that,  while 
concentrating  his  attention  on  the  dynamo,  he  has  omitted  the 
most  essential  part  of  a  train-lighting  equipment  designed  for  use, 
as  this  is,  with  a  single  battery.  The  dynamo  part  of  the  equip- 
ment presents  no  difficulty  ;  the  regulation  of  the  voltage  applied 
to  the  lamps— not  within  a  few  volts,  but  within  a  range  of  5  per 
cent,  at  most,  which  is  about  1  volt — is  the  crux  of  the  problem. 

Smoke  .41)ateraent. — .\t  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Coal 
Smoke  Abatement  Society,  on  April  10th.  Sir  Wm.  Richmond 
(President),  in  his  pre.'idential  addr«>ss,  said  the  outstanding  feature 
of  thi»  year  was  the  International  Smoke  Abatement  Exhibition, 
when  a  comprehensive  and  valuable  assortment  of  apparatus  for 
dealing  with  factory  smoke  was  on  view.  It  was  admitted  on  all 
hands  that  the  exhibits  of  the  London  electricity  companies,  who 
combined  to  furnish  the  Electricity  Hall  with  examples  of  labour- 
saving  and  heating  applianc<s.  opened  the  eyes  of  town  dwellers  to 
the  fact  that  in  electricity  they  possessed  an  invaluable  servant  for 
eliminating  the  smoke  fiend.  The  fact  that  in  a  few  years  the 
annual  output  of  electricity  in  the  metropolis  had  reached  the  total  of 
242,000,000  units  was  proof  of  the  value  of  the  services  of  this,  their 
ally,  in  the  work  of  cleansing  the  atmosphere.  To  the  electricity 
sopply  companies  they  desired  to  tender  their  expression  of  grateful 
appreciation  for  what  they  did  to  help  the  Exhibition,  and  were 
doing  to  help  the  cause. 

Fatality. — Eastwood. — On  'Jth  inst.  an  in<juest  was 
held  into  the  death  of  Alfred  Xaylor,  who  received  a  fatal  electric 
shock  at  New  London  Colliery  on  7th  inst.  Mr.  Eraser,  H.M. 
Inspector  of  Mines,  was  present,  and  Mr.  Elliott  Smith  represented 
the  colliery  company  and  Mr.  Whyte.  the  manager.  According  to 
a  full  report  published  in  the  .\\>ttintiham  Daihj  Exprexx.  Mr.  J.  H. 
Fox,  deputy,  said  that  deceased  was  going  to  the  switch  box  to 
switch  off  the  cnrient  working  the  conveyer,  when  he  stumbled  over 
a  rail  and  fell  across  the  wire.  Witness  endeavoured  to  raise  deceased 
by  means  of  a  wooden  bar,  but  failed,  and  he  then  switched  off  the 
current  by  pulling  out  the  two  wires,  and  deceased  fell  on  the 
ground.  Witness  tried  artificial  respiration  for  li  hours,  without 
success.  In  reply  to  Mr.  Eraser,  he  said  he  found,  on  severing  the 
wires,  that  one  was  loose  and  came  away  easily,  but  the  other  was 
fast  and  pulled  the  switch  box  with  it.  The  plant  was  inspected 
every  other  day.  Mr.  James  E.  Dawson,  chief  electrician  at  the 
colliery,  said  he  examined  the  apparatus  after  the  accident,  and 
found  a  live  wire  had  come  o»+  of  the  coal-cutter  switch-box,  but 
everything  else  was  in  order.  He  also  found  the  earth  wire  discon- 
nected, and  thought  deceased  broke  it  in  falling.  The  head  of 
deceased  took  the  full  pressure,  4.50  volts.  Witness  admitted  that 
after  the  accident  he  found  three  of  the  eight  screws  fastening  the 
terminals  missing,  but  could  not  account  for  their  absence.  His 
brother  carried  out  the  examination  on  Friday.  He  thought  it 
possible  for  the  screws  to  have  come  out  between  Friday  and 
Monday.  He  admitted  that  the  regulations  affecting  earth  wires 
were  not  carried  out.  but  the  company  were  having  the  necessary 
appliances  made.  Had  the  earth  wire  not  broken,  there  would  have 
been  no  danger.  3Ir.  G.  E.  Dawson,  assistant  electrician,  also  gave 
evidence. 

Mr.  Whyte,  the  manager,  said  it  was  the  first  electrical  accident 
since  his  appointment.  The  company  were  at  the  present  time 
carrying  out  alterations  in  conformity  with  the  report  of  Mr. 
Fraser,  but  were  having  difficulty  in  getting  the  material  delivered. 
They  were  doing  their  best  to  conform  to  the  special  rules.  Witness 
said  the  present  installation  was  strong,  but  admitted  that  the 
earth  wire  would  not  have  broken  (unless  defective)  with  a  man's 
weight  leaning  on  it.  Dr.  Northwood  said  the  deceased  was  burned 
on  the  face  and  chest  from  contact  with  a  live  wire,  death  being 
due  to  shock.  The  jury  returned  a  verdict  of  "Accidentally  killed," 
and  added  that  the  colliery  company  should  take  steps  to  cover  or 
provide  better  protection  lor  the  wires. 

Alle^rd  Stealini?. — Thos.  Shuttleworth,  metal  broker, 
of  3,  Carroll  Street,  was  committed  for  trial  by  Preston  magistrates, 
on  April  lltb.  for  stealing  78i  lb.  of  phosphor  bronze,  the  property 
of  Messrs.  Dick,  Kerr  A:  Co..  electrical  engineer.^,  valued  at 
£2  16s.  7d.  A  detective-sergeant  said  whilst  searching  for  certain 
property  at  prisoners  warehouse  he  found  several  ingots  of  phosphor 
bronze  "and  "  anti-friction  "  bronze  under  scrap  brass  in  the  coal 
hole.     In  the  kitchen  was  about  a  ton  of  white  metal. 

The  Bench  considered  there  was  a  jtrimn  fnrie  case  to  answer, 
but  they  allowed  bail. 

International    Boildinir  Trade.s   E.\hil)ition.— This 

Exhibition,  which  is  the  fifth  of  the  biennial  series  held  at  Olympia. 
was  opened  on  Saturday,  April  12th,  and  will  close  on  April  26th. 

Practif-ally  every  inch  of  floor  space  is  given  over  to  firms 
immediately  connected  with  the  building  trade,  exhibits  of  elec- 
trical interest  being  comparatively  few  and  far  between.  It  is 
rather  surprising  to  note  the  entire  absence  of  the  small  internal- 
combustion  engine-driven  lighting  set,  particularly  because  there 
are  several  firms  exhibiting  petrol  air-gas  machines  suitable  for 
country  house  lighting. 

Messrs.  B.  Wajgood  k  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  an  electrical  pasaenger- 
lift  operating  between  the  ground  floor  and  the  gallery,  and  models 
of  Waygood'i  patent  "  EleotroU  "  and  full  automatic  passenger-lifti. 
Mewrs.  Marryatt  i  Place  show  a  standard  pattern  passenger  lift 
with  posh-button  control  and  two  speeds.     This  lift  operates  in  a 


lofty  steel  tower  and  gives  a  view  over  the  whole  exhibition, 
Messrs.  Medway's  Safety  Lift  and  Elevator  Co.  exhibit  a  passenger 
lift  suitable  for  cmtrol  either  by  a  single  switch  in  the  cage  or  by 
push-buttons.  Messrs.  Scholey  k  Co.  are  exhibiting  a  large  model 
of  the  "Graham"  lift  with  push-button  control,  and  a  6-cwt. 
passenger  lift  gear. 

Messrs.  Ozonair,  Ltd.,  are  showing  their  portable  apparatus  in  a 
variety  of  types  and  sizes,  and  a  show-case  contUns  a  model  venti- 
lation and  air  purification  plant  as  installed  on  the  C.L  R. 

Messrs.  F.  &  C.  Osier,  Ltd.,  show  a  very  fine  selection  of  their 
well-known  metal  and  cut  crystal  electric  light  fittings.  Other 
firms  exhibiting  electric  fittings  are  Messrs.  Tnke  A:  Bell,  Ltd., 
Dryad  Works,  and  the  Linolite  Co.,  Ltd. ;  the  last-mentioned  firm 
are  showing  "  Tubolite  "  fittings  and  "  Woodhouse  "  steel  casing. 
Messrs.  Holophane,  Ltd.,  exhibit  a  selection  of  their  pressed-glass 
prismatic  reflectors  The  Carron  Co.  show  an  electric  kitchen 
range,  and  Messrs.  Blackstone  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  various  types  of  oil 
engines.  Electrically-driven  vacuum  cleaners  are  shown  by  the 
British  Vacuum  Cleaner  Co.,  Ltd,  Water  softeners  are  exhibited  by 
Mr.  W.  Boby  ;  and  the  Kennedy  tnbe-bender,  by  Mr.  W.  Kennedy. 

An  interesting  line  of  electrically-driven  rotary  floor-surfacing 
machines  is  shown  by  Messrs.  H.  R.  Wilson.  These  machines  are 
also  adaptable  for  bench  use. 

Among  other  firms  might  be  mentioned  the  Brilliant  Sign  Co. 
(illuminated  signs),  Messrs.  W.  H.  Willcox  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (semi-rotary 
pamps,  lubricating  specialities,  ic),  Messrs.  J.  H.  Heathman  (Sc  Co., 
and  H.  C.  Slingshy  &  Palmer's  Travelling  Cradle  Co.  (tower  ladders, 
&c.),  the  India-Bubber,  Gutta-Peroha  and  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd. 
(rubber  tiling),  Messrs.  J.  B.  Stone  k  Co.,  Ltd.  ("Alligator"  and 
other  belt  fasteners),  kc.  Several  manufacturers  of  woodworking, 
paint,  and  other  milling  machinery  are  fitting  their  machines 
with  electric  motors  as  standard  practice. 

Institntioo  and  Lecture  Xotes.  —  Association  of 

Mining  Electbical  Engineers. — A  special  meeting  of  the  Notts, 
and  Derbyshire  Branch  of  the  Association  was  held  at  Chesterfield 
on  Saturday  evening.  It  was  decided  to  hold  one  meeting  a 
quarter  at  Chesterfield,  one  during  the  session  at  Mansfield,  and 
the  other  monthly  meetings  at  Nottingham.  A  discussion  took 
place  on  a  paper  on  "  Cable  Jointing  and  Junction  Boxes,"  by  Mr. 
Chris.  Jones. 

Association  of  Engineebs-in-Chabge.  —  The  eighteenth 
annual  dinner  of  this  well-known  and  useful  Association  was  held 
on  Saturday  evening  last  at  the  Holborn  Restaurant.  About  300 
persons  were  present,  the  President  of  the  Association,  Prof.  H.  S. 
H'"le-Shaw,  F.R.S.,  occupying  the  chair,  and  ?Ir.  H.  E.  Neale  the 
vice-chair.  The  guests  included  3Ir.  T.  A.  Coghlan,  S.I.E ,  Agent- 
General  for  New  South  Wales,  Sir  Hay  F.  Donaldson,  K.C.B.,  His 
Honour  Judge  Rentoul,  Sir  A.  B.  W.  Kennedy.  F.R  S.,  Mr.  Henry 
Adams,  .Mr.  Frank  Bailey,  .Mr.  H.  P.  Biiulnois.  Mr.  Philip  Dawson, 
Mr.  Frank  Broadbent,'Capt.  Sankey,  and  the  Ven.  W.  M.  Sinclair. 

After  the  loyal  toasts  had  been  duly  honoured,  the  toast  of 
"  The  Engineering  Profession  "  was  proposed  by  Mr.  T.  A.  Coghlan, 
who  referred  in  the  course  of  his  remarks  to  the  engineering  needs 
of  Australia,  and  to  the  fact  that,  as  the  representative  of  one  of 
the  Colonies,  he  felt  that  he  came  not  as  a  stranger,  but  a  friend. 
In  responding  to  the  toast.  Sir  Hay  F.  Donaldson  emphasised  the  fact 
that  the  problem  of  Australia  was  the  supply  of  water.  How  to 
irrigate  the  country  was  an  engineering  problem,  and  there  were 
few  countries  where  the  engineer's  opportunity  was  so  marked,  or 
the  reward  so  valuable.  The  adaptability  of  the.  engineer  made 
him  a  very  valuable  arrival,  and  he  considered  that  amongst  the 
members  of  that  Association  there  were  few  who  could  not  in 
almost  any  situation  make  good  u«e  of  their  engineering  skill. 
They  were  all  well  equipped  to  take  advantage  of  any  opportunity 
which  might  present  itself  to  them. 

Mr  Alfred  E.  Penn,  the  honorary  secretary  of  the  Association, 
proposed  the  toast  of  "  Kindred  Institutions  and  Our  Guests."  He 
referred  to  the  help  which  the  Association  received  from  other 
Institutions,  and  thanked  all  the  distinguished  men  who  had  in 
many  ways  helped  them,  and  had  often  honoured  their  annual 
dinner  with  their  presence.  The  large  and  enthusiastic  assembly  was 
a  proof  of  the  vitality  of  the  Association,  which  was  able  to  act  in 
many  ways  as  a  real  help  to  its  members.  The  toast  was 
rei^ponded  to  by  his  Honour  Judge  Rentoul,  who  reminded  the 
audience  that  he  had  been  present  at  so  many  of  these  annual 
dinners,  that  he  was  beginniner  to  look  upon  himself  as  quite  an 
institution.  He  always  enjoyed  their  company,  and  hinted  that  he 
hoped  the  time  would  never  come  when  they  would  not  enjoy  being 
in  his  company.  After  referring  to  the  importance  of  the  work 
carried  on  by  the  members  of  the  Association,  the  Judge  said  that 
without  in  any  way  touching  on  political  matters,  he 
would  ask  them  a  question  which  had  somewhat  puzzled  him. 
It  related  to  the  time  when  the  value  of  a  Mexican  dollar  was 
4s.  in  Mexico,  and  3s.  101.  in  the  United  States,  and  the  American 
dollar  was  worth  4s.  in  the  United  States,  and  3s.  lOd.  in  Mexico. 
A  Mexican  with  a  dollar  in  bis  pocket  went  to  a  public-house  on  the 
Mexican  side  of  the  frontier  and  bought  two-pennyworth  of 
whisky.  He  received  as  change  an  American  dollar  worth  3b.  lOd., 
and  forthwith  he  crossed  the  frontier  and  bought  another  two 
pennyworth  of  whisky  at  the  first  public-house.  Receiving  as  his 
3s.  lOd.  change  a  Mexican  dollar,  be  recrossed  the  frontier  and 
repeated  the  proces-s.  At  last  he  was  found  dead  drunk  with  the 
Mexican  dollar  in  his  pocket.  There  was  no  doubt  the  man  bad 
bought,  paid  for  and  drunk  the  whisky.  He  had  the  same  amount 
of  money  at  the  end  of  his  venture  as  at  the  gtart  .'  Query — who 
had  paid  for  the  whisky  '' 

Mr.  Sydney  Brooks  propoced  the  toast  of  "The  Association," 
whioh  was  responded  to  by  the  President,  Prof.  B-  S.  Hele-Shaw, 
who  pointed   out  the  happy  oomblnation  ipade  by  the  Awooia. 


Vol  73.  No.  1,847,  AI..UL  18, 1913.J        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


6C1 


tion  of  the  sooiul  and  ediumtive  lirnncheH  of  iIm  work.  Ho  thanked 
them  for  tho  honour  they  hud  <l"nu  him  by  I'lcotiiiK  him  a>»  thoir 
prehident.  Mid  was  convinced  thiit  tho  future  of  the  Anmiciatioii 
would  prove  aw  sucofSHfnl  aH  itHpimt.  He  ur^fil  them  to  do  all  they 
oould  to  inorcaHO  their  membership,  and  so  ptreniilhen  the  Akko- 
oiatlon.  A  capital  musical  proi^ramme  concluded  a  very  liUcceBBful 
oveninir. 

Mr.  O.  0.  Milnes,  electrical  enirincor  to  the  Lancaater  Corporation, 
in  conjunction  with  Mr.  W.  MoHr<>tney,  on  April  lOlh  (^avo  a 
lecture  and  demonstration  in  "  Wireless  Tole(fraphy  and  Tele- 
phony "  before  a  larpe  audience  of  the  Lancaster  Astronomical 
and  Scientific  Association. 

AssooiATiON  OF  TiOACHiiit.s  IN  Tkchmcal  Inxt itutionh. -- 
The  annual  conference  of  the  Association  will  be  held  this  year  in 
Bradford  at  Whitsuntide.  The  Lord  Mayor  of  Bradford  will  offici- 
ally welcome  the  conference  to  Bradford  on  Whit  Monday,  and  the 
President,  Mr.  P.  Coleman,  of  the  Northern  Polytechnic  Institute, 
will  deliver  an  address.  The  raeetinp  on  Tuesday  eveninir  will  be 
addressed  by  tho  Rijjht  lion.  J.  A.  Pease,  President  of  the  Board  of 
Education,  and  in  view  of  the  introduction  of  the  new  Education 
Bill  soon  after  Whitsuntide,  this  address  will  be  looked  forward  to 
with  exceptional  interest.  Papers  will  be  read  on  "Corporate  Life 
in  a  Technical  Institution,"  by  Mr.  W.  Hibbert,  of  the  Poly- 
technic, Retrent  Street;  "Vocational  Education,"  by  Mr.  A  C. 
Coffin,  Director  of  Education,  Bradford  ;  and  "  Co-ordination  within 
a  County  Area,"  by  Mr.  F.  N.  Cook,  Secretary  for  Higher  Educa- 
tion in  the  West  Hiding  of  Yorkshire. 

Institution  of  Electkical  Encineehs. — On  Thursday  last 
week.  Dr.  E.  Rosenberfr  road  his  paper  on  "  Self-Synchronisinpr 
Machines,"  before  the  Institution  in  London,  and  a  discussion 
followed. 

(YORKSHIKE  Section).— A  lecture  was  given  by  Mr.  F.  Simpson 
on  "  Prices  Charged  for  Electrical  Power,"  at  Leeds,  on  Wednesday 
last.    A  discussion  followed,  and  was  adjourned. 

Illuminating  Engineeri.nc;  Society. — On  Tuesday  a  paper 
by  Mr.  A.  P.  Trotter  on  "  Standard  Clauses  for  Inclusion  in  a 
Specification  of  Street  Lighting  "  was  discussed.  A  report  will 
appear  in  our  next  issue.  The  discussion  was  adjourned  to 
April  29th. 

Electrical    Trades     Benevolent    Institution.— On 

Thursday  evening  the  annual  festival  dinner  was  held  ;  the  Presi- 
dent, Mr.  George  Sutton,  occupied  the  chair,  and  made  an  excellent 
speech  in  recommendation  of  the  objects  of  the  Institution,  which 
was  supported  by  Mr.  A.B.Anderson,  vice-president.  The  Presi- 
dent announced  that  during  the  evening  the  sum  of  dESo-l  6s.  had 
been  subscribed— almost  double  the  amount  received  at  the  festival 
dinner  last  year.  Proposing  the  health  of  the  chairman,  Mr.  E. 
Byng  offered  to  give  £100  to  the  funds,  if  nine  other  sums  of 
£100  were  obtained  within  three  months  ;  as  Mr.  H.  Hirst  and  Mr. 
G.  Sutton  would  contribute  £100  each,  only  seven  such  donations 
were  required  to  fulfil  the  conditions  of  the  offer,  which  was 
cordially  commended  to  the  audience  by  the  President.  A  full 
report  will  appear  in  our  next  issue. 

Inquiries. — The  makers  of  the  "Dickinson  "  trolley  harp 

are  asked  for. 

Appointments    Vacant. — Lecturer     in     mathematics 

(£400  and  quarters  or  £100  allowance),  and  lecturer  on  strength 
of  materials  (£350  and  quarters  or  £100  allowance),  for  the 
University  of  Hong  Kong  ;  junior  assistant  superintendent  of  tele- 
graphs for  the  Telegranh  Department  of  Ceylon  (£300);  manager 
and  secretary  for  the  Minehead  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  (£180  and 
percentage  of  profits)  :  assistant  clerk  and  collector  (30s.),  and 
junior  switchboard  attendant  (20s.),  for  the  Borough  Electricity 
Department,  Torquay.     See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

Electrical  Trades  L'nion. — To-morrow  night  at  the 
Fulham  Town  Hall  there  will  be  a  smoking  concert,  at  which  the 
chairman  will  be  Mr.  James  O'Grady,  M.P  .  supported  by  Mr.  J. 
Kinniburgh,  organiser  of  the  E.T.U. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

Jhe  Editors  invite  electrical  engineers,  whether  connected,  loith,  the 
technical  or  the  commercial  side  of  the  profession  and  industry, 
also  electric  tramv)ay  and  railway  officials,  to  keep  readers  of  the 
Electeioal  Review  posted  as  to  their  movements.^ 

Central  Station  Officials.— On  Saturday  last  at  xVll 

Saints'  Church,  Gosforth,  Mr.  H.  S.  Ellis,  borough  electrical 
engineer,  of  South  Shields,  fourth  son  of  Sir  J  Baxter  Ellir',  of 
Newcastle-on-Tyne,  was  married  to  Ida  Beatrice,  elder  daughter  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  Mo^iely,  of  Gosforth.  After  the  ceremony  a 
reception  was  held  at  Tilley's  Rooms,  in  Market  Street.  The  gifts, 
which  were  very  numerous,  included  a  grandfather's  clock  pre- 
sented by  the  staff  and  workpeople  of  the  Corporation  electricity 
works  at  South  Shields. 

Mr.  G.  S.  McLaren,  of  the  British  Westinghouse  Co.'s  meter 
testing  department,  has  been  appointed  meter  engineer  at  Taunton 
electricity  works. 

The  staff  and  employes  of  the  Birkenhead  Corporation  electricity 
works  have  presented  a  gold  watch  to  Mr.  W.  H.  Fennet,  shift 
sngineer,  on  his  departure  for  Canada. 

General. — Mr.  G.  Wilsox,  who  has  had  charge  of  the 
slectrical  department  of  the  North  Staffs.  Railway  in  the  Uttoxeter 
Jistrict,  has  secured  an  important  appointment  under  the  Egyptian 
Uovernment  Railway. 


Ml(.  0.  f'.II.KKH,  (if  MfHi-rfi.  GilkcH  k.  Co.,  turbine  makfr*  of 
Knndal,  hiiH  bet-n  elected  chairman  of  th«  WcntmorUnd  Coanty 
Edui-aliori  Cuintnitteo. 

A  coniplimentarv  rllnner  wan  given  by  varioaN  enirinecHnir 
frienHg  to  Mh.  P.  V.  IlliowNlliLI.  at  the  Proifn-deor  R-otaurant  in 
Sao  Paulo,  on  the  2^th  uit,  on  bin  leaving  thn  H'luth  Aiperl  tan 
stuff  of  Men-rn.  J  Ktonn  *  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  D.-plford,  London  Ui  take 
over  tho  important  ponitlon  of  eleotri -nl  eni^iriM  r  t/)  thp  Piiiili*ta 
RiiilwayCo.  The  chair  was  taken  by  .Mr.  .f.  A  n»mp.  .\I  I.K  K.  of 
tho  Htti)  Paulo  Riilway  Co  ,  oiid  amongut  thone  present  w«<i  .Mr. 
M.  B.  (Abater,  late  of  the  BiienoN  Ayren  and  I'a':iflc  Railway  Co.. 
who  is  succeeding  .Mr  Browuhill  as  .M'  s-trn.  J.  SUtm:  k  Co.n  r«pre- 
Hcntativo  in  Bru/.il.  After  a  very  pleoHant  dinner  and  loyal  toa<t« 
usually  indulged  in  by  Britinhers  abroail,  the  company  a'^oumed 
to  the  Sao  Jok''  Theatre,  and  witnessed  tho  performance  of  the 
well-known  musical  opera     A  \  iiiva  ,\legre  "  ("  Merry  Widow  "). 

Tho  marriage  took  place  at  llc)ly  Trinity  Church,  Chesterfleld, 
on  .April  9th,  of  Mu  \.  B.  I.mi'EY,  ftssietant  manager  of  telephonea 
for  the  Chesterfield  district,  and  .Mixs  .Margaret  Mary  Saunders, 
eldest  daughter  of  Mr.  C.  J.  Saunders,  of  BrockwcU  Uoote 
Chesterfield. 

Mr.  G.  C.  Milne!),  borough  electrical  engineer,  LancaHter,  has 
been  elected  treasurer  to  tho  Lancaster  .Municipal  Offloen 
Association. 

Mr.  L.  N.  Mills,  recently  with  the  British  Thomxon-Houston 
Co.,  Ltd.,  Rugby,  has  now  joined  the  staff  of  the  Electric  and 
Ordnance  Accesnories  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  is  engaged  in  the  sales  depart- 
ment at  their  Birmingham  works. 

Iraniway  Officials. — At  a  meeting    of    the   Aberdare 

U.D.C.,  held  on  Monday  evening,  Mr.  H.  Kino,  traffic  ouperinten- 

•    dent  of  the  Merthyr  Electric  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.,  was  selected  out  of 

120  applicants  for  the  post  of  traffic  superintendent  to  the  Aberdare 

Council. 

Obituary. — Mr.  E.  B.  Bright. — Telegraph  engineering 
has  lost  another  of  its  few  remaining  pioneers  by  the  death,  at  the 
age  of  82,  of  Mr.  Edward   Braiisford   Bright,  at  Tottenham,  on 
Monday  morning.     Edward  Bright,  elder  brother  to  the  late  Sir 
Charles  Tilston  Bright,  of  Atlantic  Cable  fame,  was  born  in  1831, 
and  was  the  second  son  of  Braiisford  Bright.    Cooke  and  Wheat- 
stone's  electric  telegraph  had  lately  been  instituted  under  the  aegis 
of  the  Electric  Telegraph  Co.,  which  the  two  brothers  joined  in  1847, 
when  respectively  10  and  15  years  old.    This  came  about  through 
answering  a  Tunes  advertisement  for  gentlemen's  sons  with  educa- 
tion.    Within  a  year  of  entering  upon  their  new  field,  both  boys 
became  inventors,  working  together  in  more  or  less  double  harness. 
In  those  days,  patent  fees  of  £150  had  to  be  paid,  so  the  brothers 
contented  themfelves,  for  the  time   being,  with  starting  a  joiDt 
invention  book,  into  which  they,  from  time  to  time,  entered  up  draw- 
ings, descriptions  and  date^.    These  were  afterwards,  with  several 
additions,  embodied  in  the  famous  patent  of  October  21st,  1852.    It 
suflBces  to  say  here,  that  many  of  the  novelties  included  therein  are 
now  in  common  use  after  a  lapse  of  half  a  century.      Perhaps  the 
most  important  of  their  early  inventions  was  the  syst«m,  devised 
in  February,  1849,  of  testing  insulated  conductors  to  localise  faults 
from  a  distant  point,  by  means  of  a  series  of  standard  resistance 
coils  of  different  values,  brought  into  circuit  successively  by  turning 
a  connecting  handle,  which  enables  repairing  vessels  to  at  once  go 
to  the  scene  of  damage,  instead  of  having  to  pick  up  and  cut  the 
cable  here,  there  and  everywhere  at  haphazard.     The  year  1851  saw 
some  important  changes  in  the  lives  of  both  the  brothers.     Charles 
left  the  "Electric  '  Co.,  and  shortly  after  became  engineer  to  the 
lately  formed   British  Telegraph   Co.,    whilst  Edward  joined  the 
Magnetic  Telegraph  Co.    Thus,  the  two  brothers  became  engaged  in 
advancing  the.  early  stages  of  two  competing  concerns.      On  the 
success  of    the    Magnetic    Co.   being    demonstrated,    capital    wa« 
quickly  forthcoming  for  the  organisation  of  a  powerful  chartered 
company   entitled   the    English   and     Irish    Magnetic    Telegraph 
Co.       In    1852,   when  only  21  years  old,  Edward  Bright    became 
manager  of   the  "  Magneto  '  Co.      It  was  in  this  year  that  the 
brothers  took  out  their  famous  patent,  to  which  allusion  has  already 
been  made.     It  contained  24   distinct  inventions  connected  with 
telegraphs,  and  it  may  be  well  here  to  enumerate  some  of  the  more 
important.     First  of  all,  there  was  the  porcelain  insulator  for  firing 
aerial  telegraph    wires  mounted  on  posts,   and,  in  one   form   or 
another,  it  continues  in  use  to  the  present  day.     There  was  also  its 
adjunct,  the  shackle  or  terminal  insulator.     This  is  also  made  of 
porcelain,  and  is  universally  employed  for  terminations,  and  when- 
ever the  wire  has   to   be   taken  at    an    angle — over   houses,  for 
instance,  round  a  corner,  or  in   any  case  where  great  strains  are 
involved.     Then  followed  the  now  universal  system  of  aerial  tele- 
graph posts,  with  varying  length  of  arms,  to  avoid  the  chance  of 
one  wire  dropping  on  another.    After  this  came  the  brass  tape 
device  for  the  protection  of  insulated  conductors  of  subterranean, 
or  submarine,  cables.    There  was  then  a  translator,  or  repeater,  for 
retransmitting  electric  cnrrtnts  of  either  kind  in  both  directions  on 
a  single  wire,  also  a  standard  galvanometer  (foreshadowing  differ- 
ential testing)  and  a  new  type-printing  instrument,  as  well  as  what 
was  then  a  novel  method  of  laying  underground  wires  in  troughs. 
At  the  outset  of  the  "Magnetic"   Co.'s  operations  the  brothers 
found    it    necessary    to    devise    fresh    apparatus    to    compensate 
for  the  inductive  discharge  resulting  from  the  .long  underground 
circuits,  by  discharging  to  earth  and  thus  neutralising   the  recoil 
currents.     Some  of  the  results  of  these  researches  were  detailed 
and  illustrated  experimentally  by  Edward  Bright,  at  a  meeting  of 
the   British  Association,  at  Liverpool,  in   1854,   in  an   address  on 
"  The   Retardation    of    Electricity    through    Long    Subterranean 
Wires."     During  1855,  young  Bright   thought  out  another  impor- 
tant invention  with  his   brother.     This  consisted  of  a   system  of 
duplex  telegraphy  which  was  worked  successfully  between  London 


662 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.        [Voi.  72.  no.  1,847,  apbil  is,  1918, 


and  Blnniiifrham.  Charles  Brieht  remained  enpineer-in-chief  to 
the  "Mapoetio"  Co.  until  about  1860.  from  which  time  (owing  to 
press  of  other  work)  he  held  a  oonBultinsr  pos-ition  only.  There- 
upon Edward  Bright  assumed  the  engrineership  in  addition 
to  the  general  management.  Subsequently  Sir  Charles 
Bright  went  into  partnership  with  the  late  Mr.  Latimer 
Clark,  but  the  brothers  were  again  afsccisted  with  each 
other  from  the  year  1869  up  to  the  time  of  the  former's 
death.  On  the  transfer  of  the  Inland  Telegraphs  to  the  State, 
Edward  Bright  in  1869  became  an  independent  engineer.  Like 
his  brother,  he  was  an  important  factor  in  many  Government  Bills 
and  arbitraticnp,  and  one  of  his  more  important  late  inventions 
was  the  electric  fire  alarm,  modifications  of  which  may  be  seen  on 
so  large  a  scale  in  our  streets,  warehouses,  kc.  As  in  the  case  of 
8ir  Charles,  though  a  prolific  inventor  and  able  engineer,  Edward 
Bright  died  a  poor  man,  which,  indeed,  he  had  been  since  his  retire- 
ment eome  years  ago.  He  was  a  member  cf  the  Institution  of 
Civil  Engineers,  and  a  Member  of  Council  of  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  Engineers,  and  originally  with  the  late  Dr.  Dionysius 
Lardner,  he  brought  out  a  work  entitled  "The  Electric  Telegraph," 
which,  in  its  revised  form,  had  a  considerable  sale.  It  is  with  the 
quite  early,  even  youthful,  work  of  this  distinguished  engineer  that 
we  have  chiefly  dealt,  because— as  in  the  case  of  his  eminent 
brother — this  undoubtedly  formed  the  most  remarkable  feature  of 
a  distinguished  career.  His  nephew,  Mr.  Charles  Bright,  F.R.S.E., 
80  well  known  to  our  readers,  is  now  the  only  remaining  repre- 
sentative of  the  family  engaged  in  the  development  of  telegraphy. 
Mb.  E.  M.  Undeedowx. — We  regret  to  record  the  death  which 
occurred  suddenly  on  the  night  of  April  llth,  while  entering  a 
lift  at  the  Strand  tube  railway  station,  of  Mr.  Emanuel  Maguire 
Cnderdown,  K.C.,  chairman  of  the  Direct  United  States  Cables 
Co.,  Ltd.,  for  many  years.  The  deceased  gentleman  was  called  to 
the  bar  in  1861,  had  been  on  numerous  missions  to  foreign  coun- 
tries, was  a  prominent  Freemason,  and  was  very  much  esteemed  in 
submarine  cable  circles.  His  son,  Mr.  Harry  C.  B.  Underdown,  is 
a  director  of  the  Direct  United  States  Cables  Co.  The  funeral 
took  place  at  Knightsbridge  on  Tuesday. 

Ald.  E.  Haslam. — The  death  occurred,  on  April  9th,  of  Aid. 
Edwin  Haslam,  who  had  for  many  years  carried  on  an  electrical 
engineering  business  at  233,  St.  Helen's  Street,  Derby.  The 
deceased,  who  was  70  years  of  age,  was  a  brother  of  Sir  Alfred 
Haslam,  and  had  served  on  the  Derby  Town  Council  for  24  years. 

Mb.  W.  Loxley. — The  death  is  announced,  at  the  age  of  82 
years,  of  Mr.  Wm.  Loxley,  for  many  years  manager  for  Messrs. 
E.  Green  i:  Son.  Ltd.,  the  well-known  engineers  of  Wakefield.  The 
deceased,  who  had  spent  over  50  years  with  the  firm,  superintended 
the  erection  of  Messrs.  Green's  Americsoi  works  at  Matteawan, 
Xew  York. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Nairobi  Electric  Power  and  Lighting;  Co.,  Ltd, 

The  directors  report  continued  satisfactory  progress  during  1912. 

The  figures  are  as  follows  ; — 

1910,  1911.  19ia, 

UnitB  generated 116,621  681,418  604,894 

Motors  coDDected,  B.H  P 147  173  248 

Lights  connected,  8-o.f,  equivalents       6.932  8,193  10  658 

Btreet  ligbllDg 3,100  2,000  2,000 

Net  profit Je403  £2,027  £2,642 

There  have  been  some  exceptionally  heavy  expenses  during  the 
year  1912,  in  connection  with  leave  pay  and  travelling  expenses  of 
the  company's  chief  engineer  and  others,  whose  time  for  leave 
happened  to  fall  within  the  year,  and  it  is  hoped  that  for  1913  the 
accounts  will  show  a  considerably  increased  income  with  smaller 
expenditure.  It  was  reported  last  year  that  further  power  stations 
were  to  be  installed  on  the  Ruera  River,  but  in  consequence  of  nego- 
tiations with  the  Government,  these  new  installations  are  delayed. 
Mr.  Charles  Udall,  the  chief  engineer,  has  visited  England  for  some 
months  on  holiday,  and  has  resumed  his  post  at  Nairobi.  The  com- 
pany has  now  reached  a  dividend-paying  stage,  and  out  of  the 
balance  shown  in  revenue  account  the  directors  have  declared  an 
interim  dividend  of  6  per  cent,  on  the  preference  shares  for  the 
years  1900  and  1907,  which  was  duly  paid  in  January  last. 
Although  the  remaining  balance  is  sufiScient  to  pay  the  same  for 
another  year,  they  recommend  that,  for  the  present,  it  be  carried 
forward. 


Lancashire    PoTicr   Construction  Co.,  Ltd.  —  The 

report  states  (says  the  Fiuanciei-)  that  the  accounts  for  the  year 
1912,  after  deducting  the  credit  balance  of  iEl,101  brought  forward, 
•how  a  debit  balance  of  profit  and  loss  account  of  £2,613.  The 
annual  meeting  was  held  in  London  yesterday. 

nonte  Video  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors  have 

declared  an  Interim  dividend  for  the  half-year  ended  January 
3l8t  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  preference  shares 
and  6  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary  shares. 

Anglo-American  Telegraph  Co..  Ltd. — The  directors 

have  resolved  to  declare  an  interim  dividend  for  the  quarter  ending 
March  Slst,  1913,  of  16s.  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  stock  and 
&\  lOs.  per  cent,  on  the  preferred  stock,  less  income- tax,  payable 
May  Irt 


Babcock  &  Wilcox,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December  31at,  1912,  shows 
a  net  profit  of  £420,147,  plus  £09,467  brought  forward,  making 
£495  614  ;  deducting  the  interim  dividends  of  3  percent,  on  the 
preference  shares,  and  of  7  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares, 
amounting  to  £119,200,  there  is  a  balance  of  £376,414,  from  which 
the  directors  recommend  the  following  dividends  for  the  half-year 
ended  December,  viz.,  3  per  cent,  on  the  preference  (less  income- 
tax),  £3,000,  9  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares  (free  of  income- 
tax),  £149,400  ;  placing  to  the  reserve  fund  £150,000,  and  to  the 
staff  pension  fund  £10,000,  leaving  to  be  carried  forward  £04,014. 
The  volume  of  business  done  during  last  year,  and  that  carried 
forward  into  1913,  shows  an  increase  over  any  previous  period.  The 
scope  of  the  business,  both  in  land  and  marine  boilers  and  in  other  * 
manufactures,  is  continually  being  extended.  In  common  with 
other  manufacturing  concerns,  work  during  the  year  was  much 
hampered  by  the  coal  strike,  and  the  cost  of  production  is  enhanced 
by  the  higher  rates  of  wages  and  materials  now  ruling,  the  increased 
cost  of  coal,  and  the  expense  resulting  from  the  Insurance  Act. 
To  counteract  this,  further  extensions,  both  to  the  company's 
selling  and  manufacturing  organisations,  have  been,  and  are  still, 
being  carried  out.  Having  regard  to  this,  it  is  considered  desir- 
able to  further  increase  the  company's  cash  resources,  and  the 
directors  recommend  the  issue  of  £200,000  in  5  per  cent,  cumulative 
second  preference  shares  at  par.  It  is  proposed  to  offer  these  shares 
to  the  holders  of  the  present  preference  shares.  It  is  recommended 
to  make  the  same  provision  for  the  staff  pension  fund  as  was  made 
last  year. 


Midland  Electric  Corporation  for  Power  Distribu- 
tion, Ltd. — The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December 
3l8t  (as  abstracted  in  the  Birminyltam  Daihj  Past)  states  that  the 
increase  in  both  revenue  and  profit  has  been  much  greater  than  in 
any  previous  year,  and  this  result  has  been  obtained  partly  because 
of  the  additional  consumers  secured,  and  partly  through  the 
exceptionally  good  trade  in  the  area  covered  by  the  company's 
orders.  The  balance  to  the  credit  of  the  net  revenue  account  is 
£12,843,  which  the  board  recommend  be  applied  as  follows  : — Pro- 
vision for  debenture  guarantee  premium,  £1,250  ;  written  off 
expenses  of  issue  of  debentures  and  ordinary  shares,  £2,444  ;  trans- 
ferred to  depreciation  account,  £2,899  ;  carried  forward  as  a  pro- 
vision for  the  payment  of  the  premium  due  on  the  redemption  of 
the  debenture  bonds  now  outstanding,  £6,250.  These  debentures, 
amounting  to  £250,000,  will  become  due  for  redemption  on  June 
30th  next,  and  arangements  are  being  made  to  provide  for  this, 
and  also  for  the  additional  sum  necessary  for  the  capital  require- 
ments of  the  company.  During  the  year  further  capital  amount- 
ing to  £27,653  has  been  expended.  The  3,000-KW.  turbo  referred 
to  in  the  last  report  was  not  delivered  in  1912,  the  delay  being 
due  partly  to  the  coal^strike  in  March,  1912.  It  has  now  been 
delivered  and  erected. 

Indo-European  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors, 

subject  to  final  audit,  recommend  the  payment  of  a  dividend  for 
the  six  months  ending  December  31st,  1912,  of  17s.  6d.  per  share 
(making  with  the  interim  dividend  already  paid,  6  per  cent,  for 
the  year)  and  a  bonus  of  20s.  per  share,  both  free  from  income- 
tax.  They  also  recommend  a  special  distribution  of  158.  per 
share,  free  of  income-tax,  out  of  interest  accrued  during  the  year 
upon  certain  investments  and  advance  accounts.  The  dividend, 
bonus  and  special  distribution  as  above  will  be  payable  on  and 
after  May  Ibt  next.  The  transfer  books  will  be  closed  from 
April  16th  to  29th  inclusive. 

Guildford  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.— Mr.  H.  P. 

Smallpiece  presided  at  the  recent  annual  meeting,  and  in  moving 
the  adoption  of  the  report,  he  said  that  the  gross  revenue  had 
increased  by  £1,390  to  £10,069.  The  costs  had  gone  up  by  £738. 
This  was  an  eminently  satisf actor j  state  of  affairs.  The  directoVa 
had  considered  it  advisable  to  write  off  on  the  depreciation  fund 
account  £1,250,  as  against  £1,000  written  off  annually  during  the 
past  few  years,  putting  £500  to  reserve  as  against  £400  in  the  pre- 
ceding year.  They  had  acquired  a  very  valuable  site  of  freehold 
land  adjoining  the  original  works,  which  would  afford  ample  scope 
for  the  development  of  the  business  for  many  years.  The  report 
was  adopted,  and  a  5  per  cent,  dividend  approved. 

Telephone  Company  of  Egypt,  Ltd. — The  directors 

have  declared  a  dividend  of  6  per  cent.  (Os.  per  share),  free  of 
income-tax,  on  the  preferred  and  deferred  shares  for  the  half-year 
ended  December  31st,  making  10  per  cent,  for  the  year  ;  £2,000  is 
placedlto  staff  pension  fund,  and  £112,698  is  carried  forward. 

British    Columbia   Electric    Railway    Co.,  Ltd.— 

The  directors  have  declared  an  interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of 
8  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  deferred  ordinary  stock  for  the  half- 
year  to  December  31st. 

La     Plata    Electric    Tramways    Co.,   Ltd.  —  The 

directors  have  declared  a  dividend  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the 
preference  shares. 

Indian    Electric  Supply  and  Traction  Co.,  Ltd. — 

The  directors  report  that  during  the  year  to  December  Slst  the 
paid-up  share  capital  has  been  reduced  from  £130,035  to  £78,021. 
The  surplus  on  the  year's  working  in  Cawnpore,  including  interest 
accrued,  was  £8,468,  and,  after  providing  for  debenture  interest,  a 
dividend  of  4  per  cent,  is  recommended  for  the  year,  carrying 
forward  £1,834. 


Vol.  VI.    No.  1,817,  Aran,  IK,  I'ji;). 


THE    ELJ^CTIUCAL    KEVIEW. 


668 


Aii^lo-.ir{i;eiitiue  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. 

Thk  annual  report  for  1912,  which  is  to  Ims  Hubmitlvd  to  tho  annual 
meetinpT  at  Winchester  Iluuse,  E.C.,  on  Monday  next,  HlutcH  that 
the  f;ru88  reueiptu  amounted  to  £2,77K,30:),  lens  working  ozpenHeH 
(which  include  variouB  items  aniountin)?  in  thn  aKk'rrifate  to 
*IH6,O00  carried  to  depreciation  renewals  funds,  in  addition  to 
£301,181  expended  on  ordiuafy  maintenance)  £1,824,022,  leavin^f 
£954,281  plus  £10,947  Ijroujfht  forward,  makin(f  £'.Mi.">,228,  less 
interest  and  chari^es  as  per  net  revenue  account  £755,922,  leaving 
£2O9,30(),  less  interim  dividend  of  4  per  cent,  on  ordinary  shares 
for  half-year  endiuR  June  30th,  1912,  £100,000  •-  £109,306.  Out 
of  this  balance,  the  directors  recommend  that  a  final  dividend  of 
\\  per  cent,  be  paid  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  tho  half-year  endint; 
December,  1912,  making  8t  per  cent,  for  the  year,  which,  after 
deduction  of  income-tax  £6,198  will  absorb  £100,052,  leaving 
£9,254  to  be  carried  forward.  The  construction  and  equipment  of 
the  first  subway  line  from  Plaza  Mayo  to  Plaza  Once,  a  distance  of 
over  two  miles,  is  projrresBinf''  satisfactorily,  and  it  is  expected  that 
this  section  will  be  open  for  traffic  in  October  next.  In  order  to 
meet  the  disbursements  in  connection  with  the  construction  of  the 
subways,  the  properties  required  in  connection  therewith,  new  exten- 
sions, additional  rolling  stock,  and  under  the  powers  conferred  by  the 
resolution  of  the  company  of  June  Ist,  1910,  a  further  issue  of 
£1,500,000  5  per  cent,  debenture  stock  was  made  in  October  last  at 
a  price  of  98J  per  cent.  The  directors  report  the  death  of  Mr. 
Hector  Monnom,  a  director.  Mr.  Georges  de  Laveleye,  president 
of  the  Bank  of  Brussels,  has  been  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 
The  board  again  place  on  record  their  appreciation  of  the  services 
rendered  during  the  year  by  the  local  committee,  the  general 
manager,  and  the  staff  of  the  tramway  generally,  both  at  home  and 
abroad. 

As  usual,  there  is  published,  together  with  the  directors'  report, 
a  report  by  the  general  manager,  in  which  he  states  that  while  the 
Govwnment  during  the  year  1912  has  continued  its  progressive 
policy,  in  the  commercial  world  affairs  have  not  been  satisfactory 
on  the  whole.  The  depression  which  commenced  in  1911  was 
further  accentuated  by  the  disappointing  results  of  the  wheat 
harvest  (1911-12). 

Building  of  big  houses  in  the  central  districts  has  continued  on  a 
large  scale,  and  great  changes  are  noticeable  in  almost  all  streets, 
the  old  one- storey ed  buildings  being  now  practically  a  thing  of  the 
past  in  the  centre.  Building  in  the  suburbs  has,  however,  con- 
siderably diminished,  and  rents,  which  had  risen  enormously  during 
the  past  years,  are  now  stationary,  and  have  even,  in  some  instances, 
been  reduced. 

Immigration  is  greatly  improved.  The  population  of  the  city 
shows  an  increaee  of  51  per  cent. 

Although  not  up  to  the  standard  of  previous  years,  the  increase  - 
in  the  number  of  passengers  carried  by  the  company  as  compared 
with  1911  is  still  quite  satisfactory,  in  spite  of  the  poor  commercial 
results  of  the  year.  In  passengers  carried  the  increase  was  5' 72  per 
cent.,  and  in  car  km.-run  3  79  per  cent.  The  increased  rolling 
stock  has  permitted  of  more  thorough  and  frequent  overhaul  of 
oars.  The  number  of  breakdowns  and  interruptions  caused  through 
deficient  working  of  cars  has  remarkably  decreased.  The  daily 
average  nnmber  of  cars  that  entered  for  repairs  has  gradually 
decreased  from  2'8  per  cent,  in  December,  1911,  to  0'6  per  cent. 
At  December,  1911,  there  were  1,539  motor-cars,  two  parlour  cars 
and  666  trailers,  and  at  end  of  1912,  1,758  motor-cars,  two  parlour 
cars  and  807  trailers. 

The  more  important  works  carried  out  in  1912  were  : — Revised 
and  partially  reconstructed,  268  motors  ;  repainted,  630  motors, 
404  trailers;  partially  repainted  and  revarnished,  1,251  motors; 
seven  trailers  :  new  cars  erected  in  1912,  219  motors,  200  trailers. 
Much  work  has  been  done  on  maintaining  the  overhead  installation 
in  good  state  of  repair,  and  the  number  of  cases  of  breakages  has 
consequently  not  been  important.  These  accidents  will  be  still 
further  considerably  reduced  when  the  company  has  fully  com- 
plied with  the  new  municipal  ordinance  that  disposes  that  tele- 
phone protection  wire  shall  be  suppressed  altogether  in  the  centre 
of  the  city,  and  in  the  outskirts  only  one  protection  wire  is  to  be 
placed.  Over  80,000  metres  of  wire  of  80  mm.'  have  been 
employed  for  the  renewal  of  trolley  wire. 

The  underground  feeder  system  has  worked  satisfactorily. 
Very  considerable  permanent-way  work  has  been  done.  Paving 
works  all  over  the  city  have  been  continued  on  a  fairly  large  scale, 
and  this  has  necessarily  affected  permanent  way  installations  to  a 
good  extent.  The  weather  in  1912  was,  from  a  tramway  point  of 
view,  on  the  whole  even  worse  than  in  1911.  The  passengers  per 
car  km.  increased  from  4'04  to  4"1]. 

Expenditure  increased  by  £88,644  (562  per  cent.),  wages  amount 
accounting  for  £55,360,  stores  £17.737,  and  taxes  £20,792  ;  current 
diminished  by  £6,702.  Wages  have  a  continuous  tendency  to 
increase  and  hours  of  labour  to  diminish.  The  pay  of  guards  and 
motormen  of  the  first  and  second  grades  was  increased  from 
November,  1911,  from  §4.20  and  §4.00  per  day  to  S4  50  and  $4.25 
per  day.  The  increased  expenditure  for  1912.  due  to  the  higher 
rate  of  pay,  amounts  to  £12,440.  The  taxes  paid  during  1912, 
exclusive  of  concession  taxes  and  advertising  taxes,  amount  to 
^2,657,493  paper,  or  £230,000,  equal  to  8'32  per  cent,  of  the  gross 
receipts.  Advertising  taxes  amounted  to  £10,000.  Notwith- 
standing the  high  coal  freights  and  the  increased  cost  of  current 
per  KW.-hour,  the  increased  car  km.  run  (2.811,006),  and  the  con- 
sequences of  the  miners'  strike  in  England,  electric  current  has 
cost  £6,702  leas  than  in  1911. 

Fortunately  a  considerable  economy  has  to  be  recorded  in  the 
average  consumption  per  car  km.  which  in  1911  reached  767  watt- 
hours,  whereas  in  1912  the  average  wa9  reduced  to  688  watt-houre, 
%  decrease  of  10'3Q  pei  cent. 


Tho  percentage  of  oxpunditure  on  roc«ipt«  ban  variry]  slightly, 
being  for  1912  r,or,2  per  cunt,  in  comparijtun  with  r,t)i\  in  1011, 
notwilhHtanding  thn  iinavoidabln  iuorROMat  in  fnyuicntR  for  13  psr 
cent.  Muncipality  tax  and  for  extra  coiit  of  current.  Amongct  th« 
Mtafr,  there  hoH  been  entire  freeduni  from  agitktion,  and  the  men 
seem,  in  genural,  to  be  j>crfoctly  contented.  Thin  in  due  to  the  com- 
pany's method  of  treating  them  well.  Providing  for  the  families  of 
the  employ^i  in  tho  shape  of  the  Mutual  Ard  Society  hoH  an- 
doubtedly  been  one  of  thumost  im|Kjrtant  fact^^irn,  together  with  the 
security  they  have  of  some  provmion  in  the  ca«e  of  death.  The 
manager  enters  in  detail  into  the  work  of  thin  mutual  aid  nociety. 

Tho  construction  of  the  subway  between  Plaza  Mayo  and  Qaon 
has  proceeded  rapidly  during  the  year,  and  the  actual  excavation  for 
the  tunnel  was  approaching  completion  by  th";  end  of  December. 
Much  work  was  done  in  the  completed  tnnmjl  in  the  ehape  of  elec- 
trical installations,  painting,  gtaircases,  preparing  platformn  at 
stations,  A;c.  It  is  anticipated  that  the  first  section  can  be 
inaugurated  in  October,  1913.  Preliminary  works  and  Murveys 
were  also  carried  out  for  the  extension  of  the  first  section  to 
Caballito,  as  also  for  the  line  from  Uetiro  to  Constitucion.  There 
has  been  a  satisfactory  year  as  regards  dealings  with  the  Munici- 
pality. In  July  the  Municipal  Council  granttd  the  company  acon- 
ceesion  for  various  new  extensions,  amounting  to  some  45  km.  of 
new  track,  comprising  a  new  line  between  Once  and  Chacarita, 
extension  of  the  lines  in  Entre  Rios  and  C'alle  Velez  Sarsfield  as  far 
as  the  Riachuelo,  a  new  line  cid  Calle  Neuquen  to  Villa  Santa  Rita, 
and  several  other  short  extensions  and  connecting  lines.  Theee 
extensions  come  into  the  company's  concession  without  any  new 
onerous  conditions. 

COMPAKATIVK  TABLE. 

Ei 
Ueceipta    pensea     Care 
Expendi'      PaeseDgera         Milea       per  mile  per  mile     in 
Vear.    Receiptg.       tare.  carried.  tan.  ran.  ran.     stock. 

1910  £2,419,186      jei,6G4,093      176,426,624      42,881,396      18  54d.      B-14d.'     2,166 

1911  2,631,838          1,723,928      299,154,886      46.019,M«      lij  73d.      8  86d.'    2,201 

1912  2,778,302  1,824,021      316,260,077      47,765,667      13  «6d.      8  49d.'     2,687 
'  Does  not  include  credits  or  debits  to  depreciation  renewal  {onds, 


Stock   Exchange   Notices.  —  Applications   have  been 

made  to  the  Committee  to  appoint  a  special  settling  day  in  and  to 
grant  a  quotation  to — 

Canadian  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— Farther  issue  of  1,900,000 dols.  common 
stock,  in  shares  of  100  dols.  each. 

And  to  allow  the  following  securities  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official 

List  : — 

Calgary  Power  Co,,  Ltd.— Farther  issue  of  £48,900  6  per  cent.  aO-year  first 
mortgage  bonds  of  £100  each  (Nos.  A  4,112  to  4,600). 

Companhia  Fetro  Carril  do  Jardim  Botanico  (Jardim  Botanico  Tramway 
Co.).— Further  issue  of  £200,000  5  per  cent.  40-year  first  mortgage  bonds  of 
£100  each. 

Empire  District  Electric  Railway.— 2,921,000  dols.  first  mortgage  5  per  cent, 
sinking  fund  gold  bonds  of  1,000  dols.  each. 

London  Electric  Railway  Co.— 932,794  ordinary  shares  of  £10  each,  fully  paid 
(Nos,  1  to  932,794)  (special  application). 

The  Committee  have  appointed  a  special  settling  day,  as 
under  : — 

Wednesday,  April  80th.— Shawinigan  Water  and  Power  Co.— Further  issue 
of  $1,000,000  capital  stock,  in  shares  of  jlOO  each. 

And  ordered  the  undermentioned  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official 
List : — 

Adelaide  Electric  Bupply  Co.,  Ltd.— £76,000  additional  6  per  cent,  debenture 
stock, 

Bell's  United  Asbestos  Co.,  Ltd.- 60,000  6  per  cent.  cnmolatiTe  preference 
shares  of  £1  each,  fully  paid  (Nos.  140,001  to  210,000). 

Rio  de  Janeiro  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— Farther  issue  of 
£68,U00  6  per  cent.  5U-year  mortgage  bonds  of  £100  each  (Nos.  B29,6S1  to 
30,160). 

Bhawinigan  Water  and  Power  Co.— Farther  issue  of  $1,000,009  capital  stock, 
in  shares  of  $100  each. 

Vancouver  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— Further  issne  of  £50,000  4^  per  cent,  perpetual 
guaranteed  debenture  stock. 

Holsworthy  Electricity  and  Gas  Co.,  Ltd. — Pre- 
siding at  the  third  annual  meeting  Mr.  W.  Kivell  said  he  regretted 
that  the  growth  of  the  electrical  undertaking  was  slow.  The  units 
sold  during  the  year  were  £9,868.  In  consequence  of  the  great 
rise  in  the  price  of  fuel  the  directors  had  deemed  it  prudent  to 
increase  the  price  of  electric  current  for  power  from  2d.  to  3d.  per 
unit,  the  increase  to  take  effect  from  April  1  st.  The  net  credit 
balance,  after  providing  for  debenture  interest,  was  £366,  as  against 
£467  for  1911,  and  it  was  resolved  to  allocate  the  balance  as 
follows  :  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  to  be  paid  ;  £25  carried  to  deprecia- 
tion account,  electric  undertaking  ;  £44  to  be  written  off  prelimi- 
nary expenses  account,  and  £38  to  be  carried  forward.  Thanks 
were  accorded  the  chairman,  the  secretary  (Mr.  J.  Rowland),  and 
the  manager  (Mr.  Illingsworth). 

Bade  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. — The  Financial  Xeics 

states  that  the  total  receipts  on  revenue  account  for  the  year  1912 
amount  to  £2,010,  and  the  working  expenses  to  £684,  leaving  a 
gross  profit  of  £1,325.  After  deducting  interest  on  debentures  jmd 
temporary  loans  there  remains  a  net  profit  of  £1,200,  which,  with 
the  balance  brought  forward  of  £111,  makes  a  total  of  £1,311 
available.  The  directors  recommend  a  7  per  cent  dividend, 
and  commission  to  secretary,  absorbing  £727  ;  £440  to  ceprecia- 
tion  account,  which  is  now  increased  to  £1,300;  and  £144  is 
to  be  carried  forward. 

Bank  Rate. — The  bank  rate  was  yesterday  reduced  from 

6  per  cent,  to  4i  per  cent. 


Mi 


THE    ELECTEICAL    EEVIEW.      [Voi.  72.   no.  i,847,  apkil  i«,  1913. 


Automatic  Telephone  Co,,  Ltd. 

Mb.  James  Taylor.  J. P.,  presided  over  the  first  annnal  meeting  of 
this  company,  held  in  Liverpool  last  week.  In  movinsr  the 
adoption  of  the  report  (nee  Elkctuical  Review,  pag-e  572),  he 
said  that  the  profit,  £13,4S*S,  was  satisfactory  for  the  first  year's 
working  of  the  C'  mpnny,  formed  for  the  purpose  of  intrcducintr  a 
new  commodity.  Dividend  on  the  6  per  cent,  preference  shares 
had  been  paid,  absorbing  £11,815,  and  JE1,S13  had  been  written 
ofF  preliminary  expenses,  leaving  a  balance  to  be  carried  forward 
of  £370.  The  company  started  business  on  January  1st,  1912,  and 
in  the  early  part  of  the  year  automatio  exchanges  at  Epsom  and 
the  General  Post  Office,  London,  were  completed  and  handed  over 
to  the  Post  Office,  and  to  the  public  making  use  of  them.  As  a 
result  of  their  satisfactory  working,  the  Post  Offiee  had  placed  with 
the  company  an  order  for  an  automatic  exchange  at  Leeds, 
to  start  with  an  equipment  of  tl,800  lines.  The  company 
were  now  negotiating,  with  good  prospects  of  success,  for 
further  orders  for  different  towns  in  this  country. 
An  order  had  been  received  for  an  automatic  exchange 
in  Cordoba,  Argentina,  and  two  representatives  of  the  company 
were  touring  the  Far  East  giving  demonstrations  in  the  various 
countries  where  the  company  held  rights,  and  there  was  every 
prospect  of  satisfactory  bui^iness  resulting.  There  was  no  doubt 
that  the  telephone  system  in  this  country  required  improved  plant 
and  extension  on  a  large  scale,  and  it  was  to  be  hoped  that  no  false 
notions  of  financial  economy  or  demands  for  exptnditure  in  other 
directions  would  be  allowed  to  interfere  with  the  provision  of  the 
telephone  facilities  which  the  public  expected,  and  to  which  they 
were  entitled,  more  especially  as  experts  in  the  telephone  business 
were  unanimously  of  opinion  that  a  handtome  return  could  be 
earned  on  a  large  amount  of  further  capital  judiciously  expended. 
The  company  had  received  continual  and  effective  assistance  from 
the  Automatic  Electric  Co.,  of  Chicago,  but  as  progress  was  made 
at  the  Liverpool  works  in  the  manufacture  of  automatic  equip- 
ment, the  proportion  purchased  from  Chicago  was  gradually 
decreasing. 

Mb.  D.  Sisclaih  seconded,  and  the  report  and  balance-sheet  were 
unanimously  adopted. 

None  of  the  directors  were  yet  due  to  retire. 


Imperial  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. 

In  the  Chancery  Division  on  Tuesday,  April  8th,  Mr.  Justice 
Swinfen  Eady  sanctioned  a  scheme  of  arrangement  on  the  petition 
of  the  company. 

Mb.  Clacsen  represented  the  company,  and  stated  that  the 
scheme  was  exceedingly  simple.  The  shares  of  the  company  con- 
sisted of  cumulative  preference  shares  and  ordinary  shares.  The 
preference  dividend  was  three  years  in  arrear.  Certain 
funds  were  set  aside  some  years  ago,  and  ear-maiked 
for  division  among  the  ordinary  shareholders.  The  or- 
dinary shareholders  claimed  that  that  money  belonged 
to  them,  and  was  not  applicable  to  pay  the  preference  divi- 
dends. Circumstances  had  arisen  which  made  it  veiy  desirable 
to  clear  up  all  questions  as  to  arrears  of  dividends.  The  scheme 
proposed,  therefore,  was  that  the  preference  shareholders  should 
waive  their  rights  to  the  three  years'  dividends  for  1909-10-11, 
the  preference  dividend  to  be  paid  from  January,  1912,  onward. 
The  ordinary  shareholders  would  waive  their  claim  to  the  special 
fund,  and  allow  it  to  go  to  a  general  fund  of  profits,  so  as  to  pay 
the  preference  dividend  at  once.  The  rights  of  the  preference 
shareholders  were  contained  in  the  memorandum,  and  the  effect  of 
the  scheme  was  that  the  preference  shareholders  waived  the  rights 
conferred  upon  them  by  the  memorandum.  The  meeting  in  support 
of  the  scheme  was  very  nearly  unanimous ;  no  one  now  opposed 
the  petition. 

His  LoBDRHip  sanctioned  the  Bcheme. 


Johnson  ii  IMiillips,  Ltd. — The  directors'  report  for 
1912  states  that  the  profit  on  trading  accounts,  &c.,  after  making 
provision  for  bad  and  doubtful  debts,  and  after  charging  to  revenue 
upwards  of  £(!,000  for  maintenance  of  buildings,  plant,  &c.,  amounts 
to  £28,325,  plus  £  1,0.S3  brought  forward,  making  £29.358.  From 
this  there  are  to  be  deducted  : — Remuneration  of  directors,  auditors' 
and  trustees'  fees,  £1,.^78  ;  interest  on  debenture  stock,  £6,772  ; 
reserve  re  debenture  sinking  fund,  £6,143  ;  interest  on  second 
debentures,  £2,250 ;  depreciation  on  machinery  and  plant,  &c., 
£5,640  ;  interest  on  loan,  £546  ;  amount  written  off  patents, 
licences,  kc,  £1,306;  cost  of  issuing  second  debentures,  £2.007, 
carrying  forward  £3,315.  The  directors  have  appointed  Mr.  G.  E. 
Davis,  Mr.  H.  J.  Sheppard  and  Mr.  E.  M.  Dence  as  additional 
members  of  the  board.     The  meeting  is  called  for  AprU  24th. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tuesday  Evening. 

Mabketb  in  most  cases  have  assumed  a  stronger  tone  during  the 
past  few  days.  For  this  the  reason  is  that  the  Balkans  outlook  is 
regarded  as  more  settled,  while  the  fact  of  money  becoming 
cheaper   is  a   powerful  stimulant  to   an   improvement  in  prices. 


There  is  a  little  public  buying  going  on  in  certain  of  the  markets  ; 
and  even  in  those  which  have  not  this  lever  to  help  them,  the 
anticipation  is  that  the  demand  will  spread  to  them  later,  and  so 
prices  there,  also,  are  disposed  to  harden. 

The  Home  Railway  market  shows  a  good  deal  of  strength.  The 
eye  which  hitherto  has  been  fixed,  wide  open,  on  possible  labour 
troubles,  is  beginning  to  relax  its  strain,  and  the  attiactiuns  of  Home 
Railway  stocks  from  the  investment  point  of  view  are  coming  into 
stronger  focus.  To  what  extent  this  is  a  far-sighted  view  it  is  not 
for  us,  perhaps,  to  venture  an  opinion  ;  but  in  matters  of  invest- 
ment, as  in  other  things,  it  is  often  as  well  to  fix  upon  a  line  of 
policy  and  to  stick  to  it.  The  capitalist,  therefore,  who  has  made 
up  his  mind  to  keep  out  of  the  Home  Railway  market  for  fear  of 
labour  disputes,  may  be  well  advised  to  resist  the  temptation  to  buy 
just  because  everybody  else  is  doing  the  same  thing. 

This  does  not  necessarily  apply  to  electrical  stocks,  for  they  are 
governed  by  a  set  of  conditions  different  from  those  which  prevail 
elsewhere.  Central  London  stocks  are  better  this  week,  Districts 
and  Metropolitans  have  both  hardened,  and  Underground  Electric 
Railway  shares  and  income  debentures  are  once  more  on  the  mend. 
London  United  Tramways  Debenture  rose  2,  thus  regaining  half  of 
its  fall  of  last  week.  British  Electric  Traction  issrues  remain  weak. 
Three  of  the  company's  stocks  have  further  receded. 

It  is  a  matter  of  incidental  interest  to  observe  that  the  Canadian 
Pacific  has  recently  started  to  electrify  short  portions  of  its 
wonderful  system,  and  an  announcement  this  week  speaks  of  a 
5-mile  tunnel  in  British  Columbia  which  is  to  be  thus  treated.  A 
further  part  of  the  same  messaye  adds  that  the  first  sea-goiog 
vessel  electrically-propelled  has  been  built  for  service  in  Canadian 
waters  and  will  be  used  for  the  navigation  of  the  Canadian  canal 
system. 

Electricity  supply  shares  are  amongst  the  few  which  have  yet 
to  benefit  by  the  better  tone  prevailing  in  other  departments. 
Pofsibly  because  the  summer  is  coming  on — as  witness  the  snow- 
storm at  the  end  of  last  week — the  mf  rket  for  electric  lighting 
shares  is  dull.  City  Preference  were  marked  down  g  the  other  day, 
but  it  was  a  mistake,  and  the  quotation  was  restored  to  12i. 
County  Ordinary,  at  lOi,  are  i  lower.  On  the  other  hand, 
improvements  of  i  have  occurred  in  Charing  Cross  Ordinary, 
Edmundson's  Preference  and  Westminster  Preference,  the  last-named 
shares  evidently  attracting  investment  notice  from  the  excellence 
of  their  security. 

The  Telegraph  market  is  firm,  with  a  steady  inquiry  for  the 
principal  issues.  Anglo-American  Preferred  rose  i.  Commercial 
Cable  Debenture  is  li  higher.  Indo-Europeana  gained  308.  The 
Telephone  section  is  equally  steady.  New  York  Telephone  bonds 
continue  to  advance,  and  United  River  Plate  Telephones  are  iV 
higher,  but  Oriental  Telephones,  at  U,  show  a  fall  of  xV-  Monte 
Videos  are  unchanged  at  1  J,  upon  the  declaration  of  the  usual 
interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of  (j  per  cent,  on  the  Ordinary. 
Telephone  Cr  mpany  of  Egypt,  in  paying  6  per  cent,  final  dividend, 
makes  its  distribution  10  per  cent,  for  the  year.  Constantinople 
Telephone  shares  are  a  little  better,  at  4i,  for  the  £5  fully-paid 
shares. 

Interest  in  the  Marconi  case  is  possibly  waning  a  little,  on 
account  of  the  protracted  nature  of  the  proceedings  and  the  some- 
what technical  character  of  the  more  recent  evidence.  The  latter, 
however,  has  given  the  public  some  little  knowledge  of  the  way 
in  which  it  is  occasionally  possible  to  market  shares  in  a  new  com- 
pany or  a  fresh  issue,  and  affords  an  insight  into  the  different 
"floors  "  upon  which  various  sets  of  buyers  are  let  into  the  good 
thing  when  it  comes  along.  It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that 
when  people  make  big  profits  in  the  Stock  Exchange,  they  usually 
do  so  by  the  taking  of  big  risks,  a  point  which  it  is  well  to  betur  in 
mind  when  considering  the  Marconi  inquiry.  Marconi  shares  are 
a  little  lower  on  the  week,  although  the  Preference  are  unchanged. 

Anglo- Argentine  Tramway  issues  are  good,  upon  the  excellent 
character  of  the  report,  following  the  declaration  of  an  increase 
in  the  dividend  on  the  Ordinary  shares  from  7'i  to  Si  per  cent. 
This  has  had  the  effect  of  raising  the  Debenture  stocks,  while  the 
Second  Preference  at  5^  are  i^-  better.  Brazil  Tractions  recovered 
H.  British  Columbia  Electric  Deferred  and  Preferred  are  both 
higher,  on  the  declaration  of  an  interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of 
S  per  cent,  on  the  Deferred  stock. 

Mexico  Trams,  ex  1  'j  dividend,  are  'i  up  on  balance.  Mexican 
Light  and  Power  Common  shares  at  7SJ,  cr  1  dividend,  remain 
unchanged.  Most  of  the  Latin-Canadian  issues  are  steady,  and 
there  is  a  fair  demand  for  best  class  bonds.  Montreal  shares  put 
on  3  points,  but  lost  them  and  2  more  in  addition.  Allowing  for 
their  dividend  deduction,  Shawinigan  Water  shares  are  practically 
unchanged.  The  La  Plata  Electric  Tramways'  directors  recom- 
mend a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the 
Preference  shares,  covering  the  period  from  July  1st  to  October 
3l8t,  1911.  Men  in  the  market  studied  the  announcement  with 
grim  interest. 

The  Manufacturing  group  is  very  quiet.  India-Rubbers  are 
58.  better  and  British  Westinghonse  Debenture  has  been  picked  up, 
the  price  rising  3i  to  64.  Babcocks  eased  off  a  little,  and 
Armament  shares  are  slightly  on  the  dull  side.  Dick,  Kerrs  fell  ^. 
Rubber  shares,  after  a  temporary  spurt,  gave  way  on  a  fresh  decline 
In  the  price  of  the  commodity.  The  market  is  depressed,  and  is 
likely  to  remain  so  until  something  comes  to  the  aid  of  the  raw 
product  to  make  the  price  better. 

The  affairs  of  the  Northern  Light,  Power  and  Coal  Company 
were  ventilated  at  a  general  meeting  held  last  Monday,  when  it 
was  stated  that  arrangements  had  been  made  whereby  the 
Canadian  Klondyke  Company  undertook  to  lease  the  property  of 
the  Northern  Light  concern,  and  to  guarantee  a  substantial  annual 
revenue.  Meanwhile  the  Northern  Light  5  per  oent.  bonds  remain 
at  the  nominal  quotation  of  10 — 30. 


Vol.72.    No.  1,817,  April  IS,  191!1.1         THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


6«56 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELECTRICAL     COMPANIES. 


ENGLISH    ELECTRICITY    SUFPLf    AND   POWER   COMPANIES. 


Bonrnemonth  ft  Poole,  Ord.    . . 

Do.    M%Pref 

Do.    Ssoond  6  %  Pret. 

Do.    H  %  Dob.  Btooh  . . 
Brompton  i  Kensington,  Ord... 

Do.    1%  Oum.  Prof 

Oontral   Elootrlo  Bupply,  i  %\ 

Giunr.  Deb.  I 

Charing  Oross,  Woat  Knd  4  Olty 

Do.    U  %  Oum.  Pref 

Do.     "  Oi(y     Undertaking  "  1 
4i  %  Cum.  Pref.  / 

Do.         Do.  4%  Deb 

Cbelsea,  Ord 

Do.    4i  %  Dob 

City  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Prel 

Do.    6%  Dob 

Do.    H  %  Second  Deb, 
County  o(  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    «%Deb 

Do,    4}  %  Second  Deb, 
Edmondson's,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Non-Cum.  Pref.      .. 

Do.    44  %  Flrat  Mort.  Deb,  . . 
Folkestone 

Do.    6%Cum.  Praf 

Do.    4i%  First  Deb 

Hove .. 


10 
10 
10 
Stock 
6 
6 

100 


100 

6 

Stock 

10 

10 

Stock 

100 

10 

10 

Stock 

Stock 


Dividends 
lor 


CloRlng 

Quotations 
April  l.Oth. 


8i-  If  J 
8i-    94 

10  -  104 

9fi  —  98 
8J-  Vi 
H-    »l 

95  —  98 

4-  h 

8S-  49 
'.114-  984 

44—  5 
9(i  —  !)« 
Ifi  -  174 

IV)  —  la 
ik;  -120 
100  — loa 

104—  II 

114—  12 

104  -lOti 

91)  — loa 
A-     ,1, 

4i-  4g 

15-  2 
Bl  —  84 

44—    6 

44—  5 
90  —  92 

7i-    73  xd 


Rise 

+  or 
Fall 


Preaent 
Yield 
P.O. 


M  *.  i. 

e  1R  s 

4  14  '.) 
0  14  » 
4  U  10 
6  6  8 
8  18  in 

4  18 

5  0  0 
4  14    9 

6  a  10 
4  5  7 
6  0  0 
4  10  11 
6  f)  H 
4  10  7 
4  8  4 
4  8  3 
6  9  1 
6  0  0 
4  4  U 
4  8    8 

Nil 


Bbare. 


Kentln(tonftRnlgblabriage,Ord '       t 

Do.    4  %  Deb Slook 

Kent  Bleo.  Power,  44  %  Deb.  . .     Slook 
London  Bleotrlo,  Ord B 

Do.    6%  Prof 6 

Do.    4  %  First  Mori.  Deb,    . .     Block 
Metrocolltan         t 

Do.    41  %  Cum.  Prof 6    ! 

Do.    4)  %  Iflrst  Mori,  Deb.  . .     Stock 

Do.    84%  Mori.  Dob Stock 

Midland  Electric  Corporation 
44  %  First  Mon.  Deb. 
Mawoaslle-on-Tyne  6  %  Pref., 
NonCum. 
North  Melropolllan  Power  Sup- 
ply, 6  %  Mortgages  (Red.) 
Nolling    Hill,    6  %  Non-Cum. 
Pref. 

Oxford  6 

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord.  6 

Do.    7%  Pref 6 

Do.    84%  Deb 100 

Smlthfleld  Markets,  Ord.         ..  6 

South  London,  Ord 4 

Do.    6  %  First  Mori.  Deb.    ..       100 
South  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref.. . 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Slook  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Com.  Pref 

Do.    44  %  First  Mori.  Deb. . . 
Westminster,  Ord, 

Do.    44%  Com.  Pret 


Cloalof         Rla«    Preatnt 
Qootatlona      4-  or     YIela 
April  Uili.     Pall      p.e. 


1919. 

8f 


H 

*i 

6 

6 

6 

8 

8 

6 

1i 

61 

10 

101 

7 

7 

B4 

84 

a 

a 

6 

6 

B 

5 

T 

1 

n, 

H 

Nil 

a 

t 

44 

** 

10 

10 

4 

4 

7i-    8 

90  —  98 
76  —  80 

>•-  n 
41-  m 

91  -  94 
BJ-  8S 
4i-    411 

97  -100 
84-88 

99  -102 
4J-    4J 

674— 1004  xd 
91—  10) 

«-  ea 

H*—  !l 
63-  71 
84  —  87 

ii-  8* 

97  —100 
1>'..-  If. 
94  —  97 

a|^  4 

83-86 
8J—  9 
5  -    61 


+  i 


Mi.  t. 

6  13  fl 
4  6  II 
6  la  H 
4    0    0 


6  17 
«    S 

6   a 

4  17 
4  10 
4     1 


•    58 
«  19    6 


6  11  7 

5  m  0 

5  u  1 

4  16  7 

4    0  6 

7  7  8 

6  0  0 
6  17  11 
4  11  3 


6  a 
6  11 
4    3 


COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN   ELECTRICITY   SUPPLY   AND   POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Prel 

Otioutta,  Ord .. 

Do.    B%Prof 

Calgary  Power,  Ist  Mori.  Bds. 
Canadian  Oen.  El.  Com. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb.     . 

Bleo.  Lt.  and  P.  of  C  ocbabamba, ) 

H  %  Bonds  f 

Bleo.  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  Ist  1 

Mort.  Deb.  / 

Bleo.  Dot.  Ontario,  6   %   1st) 

Mort.  Bonds ) 

Kalgoorlle  Bleo.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

KaministiqulaPower,6%  Q.  Bs, 

Madras,  Ord 

Melbourne,  6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt.,  6%  1st  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do.    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    B  %  Ist  Mori,  Qold  Bds, 


6 

n 

6 

6 

8* 

7+ 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

R 

$100 

7 

7 

»100 

7 

7 

1 

H 

100 

5 

5 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

S 

$500 

E 

B    ! 

10/- 

Nil 

1 

1 

K 

B    1 

$500 

6 

6 

6 

Nil 

100 

6 

B 

6 

E 

tioo 

4 

4f 

$100 

7 

7 

6 

E 

B—    6J 

6  14    3 

64-    74 

6  19    4 

*i-   Bi 

4  17    7 

93  -  95 

6    5    8 

115  -HI 

5  17    8 

lai  —125 

+  M 

B  12    0 

H-     i 

5  14    3 

ilik  -  96| 

6    3    8 

93  —  95 

6    6    4 

90  —  93 

5    7    6 

924-  944 

6    6  10 

t:  t 

Nil 

9  16  a 

101  -103 

4  17    1 

11-  n 

101  -104 

4  16    3 

82  -  85 

6  17    8 

77  -  80  xd 

6    0    0 

105  -108 

+  1 

6    9    8 

92ii-  94i 

5    6  10- 

Monterey  RIy.  Light  ft  Power, ) 

6  %  Isl  Mori.  Deb.  / 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power   . . 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal, ) 

6  %  Ist  Mort.  Bonds  / 

Elver  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Roy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  % ) 

Ist  Mort.  Deb./ 

Bhawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  let  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44%  Per.  Deb. 


Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb, 

"I.,  P.  andT.,  6%1 
1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 


Vera  Crui  LI.,  P.  and  T.,  6  ' 


Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 
may  Power  and  1 
1st  Mort,  8  %  Qold 


West  Eootenay  Power  and  LI., ) 
....        ....  ^jj| 


100 

B 

B 

$100 

8 

9t 

$600 

6 

6a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

6 

6 

Do. 

B 

6 

100 

a 

4i 

$100 

E 

6 

$600 

B 

6 

Stock 
Do. 

n 

Jt 

100 

6 

6 

1 

nii. 

I78d. 

100 

6 

6 

83  —  86 
323  -523 
10  —  20 

217  —227 

105  —110 
100  -103 
100  —102 

1874  -1424xd 
107  —109 
lOU-1034 

974—  994 

91  —  94 

a-   Ji 

106  -108 


+  i 


6  ffi 
8  1» 


4  18 
4  8 
8  10 
4  11 
4  7 
4  10 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amason  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  &  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do.    OoUat,  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  •  Portuguese   Tel.,  6  %  1 
Mort.  Deb,  / 

Ohlli  Telephone 

Oommeroial  Cable,  Btlg,  4%Deb. 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do,     10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.     10  %  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direot  W,  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg.  Deb.  / 
Baslem  Telegraph,  Ord,  Stock 

Do.    84  %  Pret.  Stock. . 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Baslem  Extension  ..        .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 


Bast  and  S.   Africa  Tel.  4  %\ 
Ml.  Db.  Mauritius  Bab.  / 
Qlobe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%  Prof 

Great  Northern  Telegraph       , . 
IndoEuropenn  Telegraph 
Mackay  Companies  Common  .. 

Do,    4%  0am,  Pref 

Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do,    T  %  Oum,  Partlo.  Prel, 


10 

4 

4J^t 

Stock 

6 

E 

$100 

B 

8t 

$1000 

4 

4 

1  Stock 

H 

H 

1    Do. 

6 

6 

I    Do. 

80/. 

{    100 

E 

6 

6 

7 

8 

Slook 

4 

4 

10 

6 

fit 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

4t 

6 

10 

10 

10 

B 

4 

100 

4i 

4i 

Stock 

7 

7+ 

Do. 

84 

H 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7t 

Stock 

4 

4 

86 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

6 

6 

10 

IH 

20 

36 

13 

6t 

100 

6 

6 

tioo 

4 

4 

1 

30 

1 

17 

7-    74 
97  -  99 

134  -ISR 
91  —  93 

()!  —  68 
llK-lli-i 

Q4|—  24i 

994-1014 

7a-  lii 

81 4-  E34 
8  —    U 

16  —  17 
8i-  3f 
64-  7 
6^;-    7i 

99  —101 

135  —138 
78  —  80 
95  —  97 
125-  133 
95  —  97 
934-101* 

loj-  Hi 

124—  13 
S2  —  34 
BO  —  ()2 
83  —  86 
69  —  72 
44-  41 
84-    85 


6    0    0 

6     1     0 

5  17    8 

4    6    0 

4    8    3 

+  i 

6    6    5 
6    1  10 

4  18    6 
6    1    1 

+u 

4  15  10 
6    9    9 
6  17    8 

6  6    8 

7  a  10 

5  10    4 

4    9    0 

6  1    6 

—  s 

4    7    6 

4    2    6 
6    4    8 
4    2    6 

+  i 

3  18  10 

6    0    8 

4  12    4 

5  17    8 

-1-2 

5    4  10 

5  16    3 

6  11     1 

-  i 

4  14    1 
4  10    8 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord, . . 

Do.    6%  Prel 

New  York  Telep.,  44%  Gen.  Bnds. 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo.         ., 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4  %  Red.  Deb 

Paoiflo  and  European  Tel.,  4  %  ) 

Quar.  Debs.  / 

Renter's       

Do.    New  Shares 
Submarine  Caoies  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  % ) 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pret 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to     ,500) 

guar,  by  Braz.  Bub.  Tel.  t 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  1st  Prel. 

Do.    b  %  Cum.  and  Pref.       .. 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 
1 

100 
1 
1 

Stock 

Do. 


Cert. 

Stock 


34 
100 
10 
10 
10 
100 
10 
stock 
$1000 


6 

6t 

6 

B 

44 

44 

8 

6t 

B 

6 

t 

t 

4 

10 

4 

lot 

6 

6 

44 

4J 

8 

6 

E 

34 

4 

i 

34 

w 

6 

K 

6 

6 

6 

6 

7 

7t 

4 

4 

44 

44 

1  -    JJ 

994-1004 

974-  994 

Hi-  HI 
ioj-11 

124  -127  xd 

96-98 

7,',-    IH 
64-      oi 

11-  u 

96-98 

10  -  lOi 

9^—  10 

101  —103 

13  —  184 

86  —  97        I 
86  —  99  xd 


-l'. 


6    6  8 

6  14  8 

4    9  7 

4    2  6 

4  18  6 

4    8  11 

4    0  6 

8  10  a 

4  ii  6 

4  11  10 

6    4  0 

4    9  0 

4    3  4 


B  14 
6  0 
4  17 


'Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  ore  fully  paid.  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants. 


f  Interim  Dividend. 


t  Bs.  in  Fanded  Dividend  Cert*. 


CONTINUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


656 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  72.   no.  1.847,  apbil  :s,  1913 


SHARE    LIST    OP    ELECTRICAL    COMT ANlEB.-i  Co ntim^cd.) 

ELECTBIC    RAILWAYS    AND    TRAMWAIS.— HOKE. 


B«lb  Trams.  Pret.  Ord 

Do.    6%Pref 

Do.    ii%Deb 

Brit,  Elec.  Tr»c.,  6  %  Pref,     . . 

Do.        Do.  Deferred 

Do.        Do.  6%Cam.Pr't. 

Do.  7  %  NonCam.  Pr-f. 

Do.  6  ^  .  Perp.  Deb.      . . 

Do.  4)  %  3nd  Deb. 

Cinlnl  Ijondun  Railway,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Det 

Do.    <  %  Deb 

City  ft  B.  London,  6  %  Pref.,  1891 

Do.        Do.         1896    .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1908    .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

DnbllD  United  Trsms,  6  %  Pref. 
Great  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
HastingB  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4i  %  Deb 

Ble  ol  Thanel  Trams,  6  %  Fret. 

Do.    4  %  Dob 

Lancashire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Elec. Railw"y8,4% Deb. 
London  United  Trams, 6%Pref. 

Do.  4%  Deb 


1 
1 

100 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
10 


100 
100 
100 
10 
100 


Closing 
Qaotationr 
April  15th. 


74  —  19 
Pi-  104 
34-     5i 

85-88 

88  —  re 

88i-  93i 
76  —  %9 


83  —  85 
79  —  81 
CS  -100 

98  —101 

99  — ica 

97  —100 
95  —  98 
94  —  96 

uj-  12; 

n-  4 
^-  ii 

603-71! 

2i-  2S 
76  —  80 
7S  -  80 
94  —  9« 

4i_  R 
f.3  —  67 


RlBa 

Present 

+  or 

Tield 

Fall 

P.O. 



£  s.  a. 

Nil 

6    8    11 

6  14    0 

-  i 

-  J 

6  16    4 

6  'S    1 

K  18  11   1 

+  1 

:4  17    7   1 

:4  14    2   1 

+  i 

:«  18  9 

4    0    0 

4  19    0 

4  18    0 

5    0    0, 

5    2    0 

— i 

4    8    4 

4  18    0 

Nil 

7    7    8 

6    6    5 

4  15    3 

,, 

5    0    0 

6    5    0 

4    8    4 

+a 

5  19    6 

Metropolitan  Railway  Oonsol, . . 

Do,    BorplQS  Lands    .. 

Do.    B*%Deb 

Do.    8{%Pref 

Do.    S*  %  Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  District  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

Do.    4J%  First  Pref 

Do.    8i%Qtd 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44  %  Deb 

South  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground     Eleo,    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cum.  Inc.  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Bonds 

Do.    6%  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Riding),  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 


OlTUends 
for 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

1 

1 

100 

100 

1 
1 

100 


1/- 

100 

100 

100 

E 

s 

100 


Closing 
Quotations 
April  liSth. 


68  —  631 
61  —  63 
86  —  f7 
81  —  83 

80  —  82 
avi-  40+ 

136  -1.38 
93  —  96 
98—100 

86  —  87 
76  —  77 

n-it 

87  —  91 

914-  944 

81  —  87 

»**-  Jt« 
65  —  70 

4i-    44, 

109  —111 
97-99 
98  —  94 

4=31 


BlM 

+  or 
Fall 


414 


+  i 


+  1 


ELECTBICAl    RAILWAYS    AND    TRAMWAYS.— COLONIAL    AND    FOREIGN. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  1st  Prel.     .. 

Do.    Stad  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Eleo.  B.  A  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.     6%  tod  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  I 

Power  / 

Brisbane  Trams  InTt.,  Ord,     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B.  Columbia  Elec.  RIy.,  Def.    .. 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4*  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb.      .. 

Do.    44  %  Vancouver  Deb,    ,. 

Do.    4}%  Con.  Deb 

Calcutta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

aty  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr.  4  Lt.,  6  %  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Ealgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  . . 

Do.    6%  A  Dab 

Do.    8%BDeb. 


6 

e 

100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
100 
100 

$100 

5 

S 

100 

100 

100 

100 

40 

100 

100 

5 

E 

100 


100 
100 
tlOOO 
1 
100 
100 


m-  5.^, 

904-  924 
P8*-1C04 
99J— 1014 
101  —103 

105-  lU 

96  —  98' 
67  —  99 
1004-1024 
74-  76 
<2-    61 

ion  -108 

135  -139 
113  -U8 
i03  —106 
100  —103 
100  —102 

95  -  97 
53-  6J 
43-  6 

974-100* 

BA-  6^;, 

96  —  99 
93  —  97 

97  —101 

8^88* 
26  —  35 


6    8    7 

+A 

6  12  10 

+  1 

4    6    6 

+  4 

4    9    7 

+  14 

4  18    6 

4  17    1 

5    4    4 

4  11  10 

—  2 

6    10 

+  14 

5  17    1 

6    5    0 

4  16    3 

,4    7    6 

414 

6  15     1 

+  1 

6     1     8 

4  14     4 

4    7    6 

4    8    8 

•• 

4    7    8 

1     •• 

6  12    0 

-A 

5    0    0 

4    9    7 

4  10    0 

6    10 

6    8    1 

4  19    0 

NU 

6  18    8 

La  Plata  Eleo. Trms,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref.  

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  . . 
Manaos  Trams  4  Lt.,  Isl  Deb. . . 
Manila  Eleo.  B.and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Ckim 

Do.    Qen.  Con.  6  %  Bonds    .. 

Do.    6%  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys.  4  Lt.,  Ord.    . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    5%l6tDeb 

Perth  (W.A.)  Eleo.  Tr„  Ord.    . . 

Do.    6%l6t.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  4  Sup.,  Pref. . . 

Do.    44%  1st  Deb 

Rio  de  Janeiro  Trams ,  let  Mort. ) 
6  %  Bonds  / 

Do.    6%  Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Paulo  Tram,  Lt.  and  P.  1 
6  %  Ist  Deb.  ) 
Blngapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bouthem  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  6  %  Deb. 
Un.  Eleo.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Ist  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo.  Rly.,  4*  %  Deb, 


1 

Nil 

.J 

1 

6 

1 

6 

6+ 

1 

6 

100 

6 

100 

E 

100 

E 

$1000 

E 

•100 

T+ 

E 

100 

6 

E 

10 

10 

E 

6 

100 

6 

1 

64 

100 

R 

E 

6 

100 

«4 

44 

6 

100 

E 

•600 

E 

100 

6 

100 

6 

E 

6+ 

E 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

.    100 

44 

4 

»g_     J, 

if-  » ' 

i|-  li 

1-  li 

92-97 

. 

103  —105 

H  1 

87-90 

96  —  99 

+   1 

1084-1 104  xd 

93-95 

98  —101 

7-7* 

4J-    5i 

99  —101 

lA-  1J4 

105-10& 

6i-    6J 

97-99 

101  —102 

95  -  96 

+  1 

101  —108 

.. 

834-874 

96  —  88 

+  4 

6-5* 
4J-    6i 

98  -101 

984-1014 

MANUFACTURINe  COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Baboock  4  Wilooz 

Do.    Pref. 
British  Aluminium,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref.  .. 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs 

Do.    Deb.  Stk 

B.I.  4  Helsby  Cables      .. 

no.    Pref 

Do.     Deb 

Bnk.ab  Thomson- Houston,  Deb 
British  Westingbouse,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6%  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  Llndley,  Ord.  .. 

Do.     Pref. 
Brosb,  7%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb. 

Do.    44%  Deb   .. 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb. 
Ca  lender's  Cable 

Uo.    Fref. 

Do.     Deb 

Uastner-Kellner    ..        .. 

Do.    Deb 


1 

6 

1 

Nil 

1 

Nil 

100 

6 

100 

6 

6 

10 

E 

A 

100 

*i 

100 

4? 

100 
100 


9 
100 
100 
100 
E 
B 
100 


IS-    14 

n-   }s 

i-  «xd 
93  —  F6 
84  —  87 
7j|-  ej 
63-  6i 
102  -104 
96  -  !« 

4-     i 

62  —  66 
9!)  —101 
9/.  -8/- 
4/6-6/. 

0-  i 
73-78 
88  —  48 
26  —  2) 
11  —  113 

*l-    54      " 
98  —101 
844-    3}g 
lOil  —106 


8    0    0 

7    2    2 

-A 

4    6    6 

•■ 

4    0    0 

5  17    2 

6    4    2 

6  14  11 

5  15  11 

4  16    0 

4    6    7 

4  11  10 

NU 

+  34 

6     1     3 

6  18  10 

Nil 

Nil 

NU 

6    8    2 

10    9    4 

16  13    4 

8    7    8 

4  17    7 

4    9    1 

6    6     8 

4    4  11 

Crompton  4  Co 

Do.    Deb 

Diok,  Kerr 

Do.    Fret 

Do.    Deb 

Edison  4  Swan,  A,  £8  paid 


Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    6  %  Second  Deb, 
Electric  Construction     .. 

Do.    Pref 

Qreenwood  4  Batley,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

Qeneral  Electric,  ti^  Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

India-Rubber,  Q,  4  T,    . . 

Do.    Pref 

Telegraph  Oonstmotion.. 

Do.    Deb 

WiUans  4  Robinson       . . 

Do.    Pref 

Do,    Deb 


8 

100 
1 
1 

100 

6 

6 

100 

100 

9 

a 

10 
100 

10 
100 


100 
10 
10 

u 

100 


-A 


+  i 


•  Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  share  are  folly  paid.       (  Interim  dlWdend.       :  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Electric  RaUways. 


Bank  rata  of  Discount  b  per  cant.,  October  17th,  1912. 


Vol.72.     No.  1,KI7,  Apkii,  1k,  ini:i.l 


THE    ELECTRTCAIi    RKVIRW. 


(',r>7 


PRESERVATION  AND 

PROTECTION  OF  STANDING  TELEGRAPH 

AND  TELEPHONE  POLES. 


[COMMUN'ICATKI).] 


I'nukr  ihe  above  beadiiip;  a  kiij:tliy  extract  from  tlie 
('aiiadian  Klnlrual  Xeira  appeared  in  the  coluiims  of  the 
Fii>K(TRHAi,  Ukvikw.  on  January  ;;rd,  l'.)l;5  (pa^je  :5;5)- 

In  the  opening  paragraph  it  was  assertcid  that  "  practieally 
all  poles  fall  at  the  ground  line  beeniise  of  decay,  and  on 
account  of  this  weakening  at  the  base,  have  to  be  replaced  or 
cut  ofT  and  reset  while  the  top  j)ortion  is  still  sound." 

It  will  be  obvious  to  those  engineers  who  arc  responsible 
for  the  renewal  of  pole  lines  in  this  country  that  tnch  a 
statement  must  represent  Canadian  e.\i)erience  and  not 
English  practice.  Scepticism  as  to  its  general  application 
on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  is  still  further  increased  by  the 
following  observation  :  "  The  average  pole  (cedar)  has  a  life 
of  about  10  years."  Dealing  briefly  with  the  extracts 
referred  to,  it  is  scarcely  correct  to  say  tliat  poles  fall  at  the 
ground  line  because  of  decay  ;  at  any  rate  such  occurrences 
are  the  exception  and  not  the  rule.  The  fact  is  that  deteriora- 
tion coumiences  near  the  top  of  a  jx)le  and  not  at  the 
ground  line.  A  reason  for  this  is  not  far  to  seek.  Poles 
have  to  be  notched  for  the  reception  of  oak  arms;  these 
latter  are  usually  secured  in  position  by  (i.I.  bolts  which 


Fig.  1. — Mode  of  Decay 
OK  Creosoted  Poles. 


Fig   2— CKEOfOTED  Pole,  dated  1900,  carrying  6S  Wires  : 
Pkobable  Life,  20  Years  Longer. 

involve  as  many  auger  holes  through  a  pole  as  there  are 
arms  to  equip.  Moisture  slowly  percolates  into  each  tiny 
aperture  and  eventually  destroys  the  heart  core  of  the 
timber  :  hence  disintegration  takes  place  from  the  apex 
downward. 

In  these  circumstances  a  preservative  coating,  such  as  is 
recommended  in  the  Canadian  Etcclrical  yews,  would  neither 
prevent  decomposition  nor  render  innocuous  the  decay  which 
may  have  already  started.  An  interesting  photograph  (fig.  1) 
shows  more  clearly  than  words  can  describe  the  destructive 
forces  that  are  at  work.  The  pole  from  which  these  two 
pieces  were  sawn  two  years  ago  was  branded  *'  1882."  Thus 
nearly  :\0  years'  uninterrupted  service  has  been  registered  ;  and 
when  it  is  icmeuibered  that  the  pole  in  (juestion  was  exposed 
to  the  fury  of  hail,  rain,  frost  and  snow  during  the  whole 
of  the  time  named,  the  record  is  not  a  bad  one. 

How  does  it  happen  that  a  pole  of  cedar  wood  in  Canada 
can  only  be  depended  upon  for  a  period  of  10  years,  whereas 
one  of  Norwegian  spruce  or  of  Baltic  pine  in  England  may 
be  safely  relied  upon  for  25  years  f  The  answer  is  to  be 
found  in  the  utilisation  of  creosote  oil.     Nearly  every  pole  in 

*  Oar  readers  will,  no  donbt,  recall  the  article  in  question  from 
the  fact  that  the  heading  was  similar  to  the  present  one,  and  also 
because  of  a  brief  letter  on  the  subject  from  Mr  Wade  adversely 
criticising  it. 


tliia  country  ih  cnoHoUfi,  wliidi  rfnil<T»  ii|  i 

to  climiitic  londitioUH.     "  iiurneitming  "  hi.' 

have  b<'<ii  triiil.  Iiut  exju'rience  htut  nhown  llmi.     ■  i'-/-'l.iii; 

is  far  and  away  the  In-Ht. 

The  prociHH  of  creosoting  coimintfl  of  injecting  (-7e<«ot';  oil 
into  the  iibres  under  preH-sure.  Trollty  loiulu  of  jioleu, 
chained  together,  are  wjieehdinto  u  long  cylindri«.TiI  lank, 
and  after  the  cylinder  end  hug  been  cloHed,  oil  ih  furcc-d  in 
by  pumjis  to  ensure  the  inaint-enance  of  the  rec|uiHite  premnire 
inside  the  tank.  Owing  to  the  brittlenenH  imparted  to  the 
IK)leH  by  this  treatment  and  ronficfjuent  liability  to  fracture 
when  unloading  them,  it  is  not  desirable  that  the  timber 
should  l)e  {;om|)letely  charged  with  presi-rvative  oil.  The 
<|Uantity  of  creosote  foriid  into  |>oleM  is  UHually  h  lb.  to 
the  cubic  foot  of  timber  :  and  wliere  the  woodis  fierfectly 
seasoned  and  well  dried  tliis  quantity  will  form  a  complete 
protective  shell  imj^rvious  to  moisture. 

Engineers  agree  that  a  pole  should  be  pierced  as  little  as 
possible  ;  hence  the  practice  of  using  climbing  irons  for  gang 
jmrposes  has  fwllen  into  disuse.  For  the  same  reason,  {X)le 
testing  a.xcs  have  been  recalled.  A  wise  jilan  to  discover 
whether  a  pole  is  subject  to  internal  decay  is  to  tap  it  with 
an  ordinary  liand  hammer,  whdi  a  peculiar  hollow  sound  may 
l>e  heard — difficult  perhaps  to  explain,  but  never  to  be  for- 
gotten when  once;heard  by  those  interested  in  the  subject  at 
issue.  On  odd  occasions  a  gang  joiner  will  report  a  defec- 
tive pole,  the  condition  of  the  latter  having  been  discovered 
whilst  using  an  auger  for  the  erection  of  additional  arms. 

With  a  view  to  maintaining  intact  the  ynotective  shell  of 
a  crcosoted  telegraph  jx)le,  the  Post  Office  Engineer-in-Chief 
stipulates  that  poles  shall  not  on  any  account  be  notched 
near  or  below  the  ground  line.  This  is  all  right  as  far  as  ii 
goes,  but  it  does  not  solve  the  real  problem  under  consideration. 
Numerous  efforts  have  been  made  to  modernise  the  method  of 
arming  telegraph  and  telephone  poles,  but  so  far  without 
success.  In  this  connection  the  following  incident  is  not 
devoid  of  interest.  The  lato  Mr.  Langdon,  of  the  Midland 
Railway  Co.,  read  an  excellent  paper  before  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  Engineers,  in  April,  is'.ic.  During  the  discussion 
that  followed,  a  representative  of  one  of  the  leading  railway 
companies  in  the  British  Isles  is  reported  to  have  said  :  "  I 
admit  we  have  been  in  the  habit  of  using  this  method 
of  arming  poles  ;  but  the  writer  has  for  some  time  been 
employed  on  a  plan  by  means  of  which  the  timber  of  the 
pole  shall  remain  intact  both  for  ties  and  arms.  The  ties 
have  been  tried  and  found  efficient,  but  the  arms  have  not 
yet  been  finally  arranged  for." 

The  significance  of  the  above  i|Uotation  lies  in  the  fact 
that  the  original  system  of  arming  poles  is  being  pursued  by 
that  railway  company  to-day  as  merrily  as  ever. 

If  a  creosoted  pole  could  be  yoked  into  service  without 
having  recourse  to  sawing  and  boring  the  upper  parts,  it  is 
difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  say  how  long  it  would  last  :  for. 
even  with  the  present  method  of  "  rigging,"  its  life  may  be 
relied  upon  to  cover  the  period  beyond  which  additions  or 
alterations  would  justify  its  replacement. 


HigU-Pressure  Underground  Cables.— In  the  elec- 
trification of  the  Italian  railways,  extended  we  is  being  made  of 
underground  cables  working  at  high  pressures.  A  three-phase 
cable  having  a  cross-section  of  3  x  10  n  m.-,  and  working  at 
25,000  volts,  is  being  laid  in  connection  with  the  Milan-Lecco  line, 
over  a  distance  of  TO  km.,  and  a  similar  cable,  with  a  cross-section 
of  3  X  .")Omm.-.  hO  km.  in  length,  is  on  order  lor  the  Giovi  Ronco- 
Sanpierdarena  Railway.  The  latter  will  be  tested  with  85,000 
volts  at  the  works  of  Messrs.  Pirelli  Jc  Co..  of  Milan,  who  are  the 
makers  of  both  cables  :  and  after  laying,  a  test  of  tiS.OOd  volts  will 
be  applied. 

Wages  and  Condition  at  Aberdeen. — The  Sfotsman 

states  that  a  mass  meeting  of  electrical  engineers  was  held  in 
Aberdeen  Trades  Hall  buildings  recently  to  discuss  grievances 
with  regard  to  rates  of  pay,  hours  of  labour,  the  question  of 
overtime  payment,  ka.  Complaint  was  mat^e  that  no  answer 
had  been  received  to  a  thrice-repeated  request  to  the  masters 
for  a  conference,  the  first  request  having  been  made  last 
October.  It  was  eventually  agreed  to  ask  the  masters  for  an 
increase  of  Id.  per  hour  in  wages,  raising  them  to  yd.  and  lOd.  per 
hour,  the  latter  for  chargemen.  The  employers  were  requested  to 
forward  -an  answer  by  Wednesday,  the  9th  inst..  and  in  the  event 
of  the  demand  not  being  oonoeded.  and  other  masters  considered, 
it  was  unanimously  agreed  that  the  employes  strike. 


668 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.       [Voi.  72.  No.  1,847,  apbil  is,  1913. 


THE    riRST    INTERNATIONAL     CINEMATO- 
GRAPH   EXHIBITION. 


(.Conchiiied  from  jyage  fi22.) 

The  B.T.H.  exhibits  included  a  variety  of  semi-iudirect  "eye- 
rest"  fixtures,  which  are  bo  well  known  that  it  is  nnnecessary  to 
recapitulate  their  arrauKrement  and  advantages.       A  new  type  of 


,4  --ri  ~ 


■■n 


Fig.  4.— B.T.H.  Coscentbating  Though  Reflectob. 


cornice  troughing  was  exhibited  for  the  first  time.  Parabolic  re- 
flectors of  ribbed  glass  are  mounted  in  swivel  holders,  from  two  to 
ten  reflectors  being  carried  in  each  frame,  accordiug  to  require- 
ments. Along  the  focal  axis  of  each  reflector  is  mounted  a  17- 
watt  or  20-watt  metal  lamp,  the  maximum  candle-power  of 
the  complete  unit  being  LMO  c.r.  The  inclination  of  the  reflectors 
in  the  holding  frames  (which  are  screwed  to  the  wall),  is  varied 
till  even  ceiling  illumination  is  secured.  The  lamps  are  1  ft. 
between  centres,  and  a  6-in.  hollow  cornice  conceals  the  whole 
fitting. 

Among  the  other  exhibits  shown  by  this  firm  may  be  noted  their 
18-amp.  lens  and  flood  lamps  for  stage  lighting.  These  are  excep- 
tionally light  and  convenient ;  the  necessary  ballast  resistance  is 
mounted  in  a  ventilated  case  at  the  foot  of  the  lamp  standard,  and 
connection  with  a  strong  and  neat  wall  or  floor  pocket  is  effected 
by  a  flexible  cable.  Carbon  feed  is  obtained  by  the  rotation  of  a 
right-  and  left-threaded  spindle,  the  screws  on  which  are  of  equal 
pitch  for  A.c.  and  of  6  :  4  pitch  for  D.C.  working.  Only  one  size 
of  carbon  need  be  used  whether  working  on  d.c.  or  a.c.  supply. 


Fig.  6.— B.T.H.  Dimmer 

(Two-Plate  Bank 

Co.vstbuctiok). 


Fig.  5. — Rack  fob  d.c.  Len?  Lajif. 


For  dimming  purposes,  an  improved  type  of  plate  rheostat  has 
been  designed.  This  may  be  mounted  flat  on  a  wall,  or  any  number 
of  units  may  be  built  in  a  bank  as  shown  in  fig.  6.  The  plates 
illustrated  have  .")0  steps  (100-step  plates  are  under  construction), 
and  the  crank  and  rack  control  provided  allows  of  very  f-mooth 
regulation.  A  plunger  in  the  handle  of  each  plate  lever  enables  the 
latter  to  be  interlocked  or  disconnected  from  the  horizontal  shaft 
controlled  by  the  master  lever  at  the  left  of  the -bank.  The  rheo- 
stats will  stand  from  100°  to  120°  F.  temperature  rise  indefinitely, 
and  the  plates  are  easily  adaptable  to  two  or  three-wire  circuits. 

The  "Indra  '  diffused  lighting  unit  (exhibited  by  the  E  E.  and 
E.  Co.),  is  now  available  in  a  variety  of  sizes  and  patterns.  From 
the  description  of  these  fittings  which  has  already  appeared  in 
these  columns,  readers  will  remember  that  the  chief  advantage 
secured  is  a  single  diffusion  of  all  light  emitted  by  the  lamp,  and 
hence  higher  efficiency  than  is  possible  in  ordinary  diffusing  fittings 
where  considerable  multiple  reflection  and  therefore  absorption  of 
light  occurs. 

Several  firms  exhibited  electric  programme  number  indicators,  the 
chief  recent  improvements  in  which  relate  to  the  reduction  of  the 
number  of  wires  required  between  the  controller  and  the  indicator. 
The  crudest  form  of  number  indicator  requires  42  interconnecting 
wires  but,  by  suitable  grouping  of  the  lamps  (as  regards  position 
and  electrical  connection),  the  Walturdaw  Co.  reduce  the  number 
of  leads  required  to  25,  while  the  Stage  Equipment  Co.'s  indicator 
needs  only  20  wires  to  show  numbers  1  to  19  and  "Extra  "  and 
"  DepTity."'  In  all  modem  indicators,  a  master  switch  is  uked  for 
"  1  "   in   the  double  numerals,     It  ii  interesting  to  note  that,  on 


the  Stage  Equipment  Co.'s  systems,  numbers  0  to  999  can  be  shown 
in  6-ft.  numerals  on  four  sides  of  an  indicator  by  the  use  of  42 
lamps  and  38  wires,  the  latter  being  accommodated  in  a  H-in. 
conduit.  The  addition  of  one  wire  and  two  lamps  enables  0-1,999 
to  be  shown. 

The  S.E.  Co.'s  footlight  float  is  exceptionally  shallow,  and,  the 
reflector  being  a  single  piece  of  sheet  meta',  behind  which  is  oil  the 
wiring,  it  is  possible  to  wash  the  reflectors  with  a  water  squirt.  A 
hinged  lid  affords  easy  access  to  the  wiring  and  holder  connections. 


rw4 


Fig.  7.— "Hooveu"  Suction  Swef.per. 


The  float  lamps  (usually  of  2.")-watt  consumption)  are  mounted 
•;  in.  apart,  and,  in  order  to  insulate  their  holders  from  the  reflector 
sheet,  holes  rather  larger  than  the  holder  diameter  are  cut  in  the 
metal  and  fibre  washers  are  fitted  above  and  below  the  latter.  The 
screw-rings  on  each  holder  are  chamfered  on  their  inner  edges  so 
that  they  are  able  to  force  together  the  projecting  fibre  washers 
and  thus  fill  the  annular  clearance  space  between  the  holder  and  the 
sheet  metal.  The  floats  are  carried  on  steel  spring  shock 
absorbers. 

The  same  firm  also  exhibited  a  new  type  of  batten  carrying  lamps 
on  a  Uralite  strip  and  having  a  stout  iron  guard  frame  with  a 
specially  long  "  approach,"  the  latter  being  designed  to  reduce  the 
risk  of  abrupt  collision  in  music-hall  installations  where  drop 
scenery  is  crowded.  The  wiring  of  the  battens  is  in  a  fire-proof 
chamber,  instantly  accessible  through  a  removable  metal  cover. 

The  importance  of  electric  chameleon  and  flashing  signs  to 
cinema  halls  was  hardly  adequately  represented  by  the  exhibits 
shown.  Messrs.  Whiteley  showed  good  examples  of  Causton  signs 
in  the  gallery,  and  the  Walturdaw  Co.  exhibited  their  attractive 
"Autoray"  sign  consisting  of  an  18-in.  diameter  kaleidoscope 
group  surrounded  by  "  rays  "  of  lamps,  alternate  ones  of  which 
are  alternately  extinguished  so  that  the  effect  is  produced  of  sinuous 
streams  of  light. 

f'liit'iiia  Siritclihoards. — A  number  of  types  of  switchboards  were 
exhibited  suitable  for  use  in  cinema  operating  boxes.  These  boards 
varied  considerably  in  the  details  of  their  arrangement,  but 
generally  comprised  a  main  ammeter  and  voltmeter,  a  two-pole, 
double-throw  switch  (to  change  over  from  one  projector  to  another 
while  the  first  machine  is  being  re-threaded),  a  voltmeter  switch  or 
tapper-key  and  fuse-boxes  for  the  projector,  pilot  light  and  projector 
motor  circuits.  A  switchboard  shown  by  the  Stage  Equipment  Co. 
offered  the  advantage  that  it  practically  formed  its  own  wiring 
diagram,  all  the  back  connections  being  made  by  clearly  traceable 
copper  strip.  Various  types  of  regulating  resistance  frames  were 
shown  ;  for  heavy  current  work  and  where  the  operator's  comfort 
is  studied,  the  unit  type  of  rheostat  mounted  outside  t.he  operating 
chamber  and  controlled  by  knife  switches  offers  obvious 
advantages. 

Vacuvm  Cleaners. — The  electrically-driven  vacuum  cleaner  pro- 
vides a  most  convenient  and  efficient  means  of  cleaning  all  places  of 
public  assembly,  and  large  numbers  of  these  machines  are  already 
at  work  in  cinema  halls. 

At  the  Cinematograph  Exhibition,  Messr.*.  Fyfe,  Wilson  &  Co. 
demonstrated  the  working  of  their  "  Hoover "  suction  sweeper, 
which  combines  the  beating  and  sweeping  action  of  a  rotating 
broom  (having  spiral  lines  of  brushes),  with  the  suction  effect  of  a 
centrifugal  fan.  As  shown  in  fig.  7,  a  i-H  r.  vertical  spindle  motor, 
running  at  3,800  K.P..M  ,  is  direct-coupled  to  a  centrifugal  fan,  and 
drives  the  sweeping  brush  through  a  quarter-turn  rubber  belt.  The 
latter  and  the  motor  brushes  are  easily  accessible  by  removing  a 
few  screws.  The  usual  cleaning  tools  can  be  attached  by  rig  id  or 
flexible  piping  to  an  adapter  connected  to  the  suction  opening  of 
the  cleaner. 

The  "  Imperial "  vacuum  cleaner,  shown  by  the  Electric 
Api'Liances  Co.,  Ltd.,  weighs  only  10  lb.,  and  probably  enjoys  the 
distinction  of  being  the  lightest  motor-driven  machine  on  the 
market.  A  },\i  v.  motor  running  at  7,000  B.l>.M.  drives  a  centri- 
fugal fan,  the  discharge  passage  from  the  casing  of  which  is 
carried  in  a  continuous  spiral  to  the  filter  bag  connector.  All  the 
parts  requiring  inspection  can  be  laid  bare  >)y  the  removal  of  six 
screws.  A  wick  oil-cartridge  attached  beneath  each  motor- 
bearing  carries  six  months'  supply  of  lubricant,  and  the  spindle- 
bearings  are  self-aligning  (having  ^^-m.  play  in  their  seatings). 
We  understand  that  many  of  these  cleaners  are  in  regular  use  by 
the  L.G.O.  Co.  and  various  railway  and  steamship  companies  and 
theatres.  For  so  small  a  machine  the  suction  exerted  is 
remarkable. 

Tke  Buiti.<h  Vacuu-m  Cleaner  Co.'s  exhibits  included  several 
of  their  well-known  motor-driven  rotary  pump  equipments  with 
Booth  filters  and  fan-suction  cleaners  for  lighter  duties.  The 
2-H.p.  rotary  pump  equipment  mounted  complete  with  starting 
gear  on  a  small  truck  is  specially  suitable  for  theatre  cleaning,  the 
powerful  suction  available  (2.'i  in.  vacuum  »gainst  a  closed  nozzle) 
making  possible  thorough  cleaning  of  thick  seating,  &c.  It  is  hardly 
necessary  to  remind  readers  that  this  firm  was  the  first  to  place 
vacuum   cleaners  on  the   market,     Their  products  now  include  • 


Vol.72.  No,  i,8.«7,  ApRiMH.ioi.-).!         THE    EIiECTBICAL    REVIEW. 


659 


lonpr  series  of  hand  and  motor-driven  inachincH  lantrini;  in  capacity 
from  5(10  to  lil.OOO  cb.  ft.  of  air  per  hour  (free  inlet),  and  in  price 
from  1!2«.  upwiirds. 

The  recordinir  oinematoKTaph  tarffOt  exhibited  by  r.li'l': 
Taikjuth,  Ltd.,  conHtiluted  one  of  the  (freateNt  novelticH  of  the 
Exhibition.  The  exhibit  Hhould  have  been  urranijed  ho  that 
visitorH  could  8co  exactly  what  the  proi)onition  waw  without  payinif 
6d.  entrance  fee;  the  latter  certainly  included  the  ri«ht  to  nix 
shots,  but  it  oupfht  to  have  been  more  eafiily  evident  what  the 
tarj^ct  was.     This  was  described  in  our  issue  of  April  Ith. 


PROOEEDINGB    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Colliery  Cables. 

lly  \V.  T,  Anderson,  M.I.E.E.,  M.Inst.M.E. 

{Abitract    of   paper    read    before    the    Institution    OF    MINING 
ENQINEEK8,  (it  Manchexter.  Febrwiry    lU/i,   1913.) 

((^unvhiilrd  from  poije  G21). 

On  paper  -  lead  -  covered  and  armoured  cables  single  sus- 
penders of  the  clamp  type  have  been  successfully  used,  although 
the  writer  does  not  recommend  them,  unless  very  efficient  protec- 
tion is  accorded  to  the  lead.  In  the  upcast  shaft  of  the  Pretoria 
Pit,  Lancashire,  such  an  arrangement  withstood  the  explosion  with 
practically  no  dislocation,  although  most  of  the  boxing  in  was 
destroyed. 

Fig.  8  is  an  illustration  from  a  photograph  taken  by  the  writer, 
with  the  permission  of  the  Hulton  Colliery  Co.,  Ltd. 

Continuous  vertical  casing,  since  the  issue  of  the  new  rules,  need 
hardly  be  considered. 

Methods  of  lowering  shaft  cables  largely  depend  on  the  gear  at 
hand  and  on  shaft  conditions.  The  safest  way,  from  the  cable 
point  of  view,  is  to  fasten  the  cables  by  lashings  or  small 
specially -made  clamps  to  a  wire  rope  controlled  by  a  haulage  ergine 


Fia.  8. — Single  Susvendees  of  the  Clamp  Type, 

SUPPOETINQ  PaPEE-LKAD-COVEEED  AND  WiRK-ARMOUEED  CABLES, 

AT  THE  Pretoria  Pit 


of  sufficient  streugth  and  braking  power  to  hold  the  necessary 
weight.  Such  engine?  are  generally  available,  and  the  necessary 
guide  pulleys  for  the  wire  rope  are  easily  fixed  up.  The  cable  itself 
should  be  mounted  close  to  the  pit  top  and  fed  on  to,  and  fastened 
to,  the  descending  wire  rope. 

The  best  material  for  lashings  is  ordinary  spun  yarn  |  in.  or  J  in. 
in  diameter.  The  yarn  should  be  used  double,  and  each  tie  should 
carry  about  1  cwt.  of  ths  weight  of  the  cable. 

An  interval  of  12  hours  or  so  should  elapse  after  lowering  before 
oleating  is  commenced.  This  is  especially  advisable  in  deep  pits, 
where  the  temperature  at  the  top  and  the  bottom  of  the  shaft 
may  vary  to  a  considerable  extent.  Cases  have  been  known  of 
cleats  being  actually  raised  from  their  bearers  by  contraction  of 
the  cables. 

Lowering  direct  from  the  cage  with  the  di-um  slung  either  inside 
or  underneath,  can  only  be  effected  when  there  are  no  buntons  in 


the  shaft,  or  when  (;l<ut«  are  att«cbe<l  to  th»>ir  outer  «id«*.  M<«ni 
must  be  provideil  U>  check  the  revolving  drum,  in  nawi  th*  weight 
of  the  lijop  of  Mlu<;k  cabin  hlioiild  ovribilincfi  that  of  the  drum. 

Kiiihing  from  tin-  pitliottom  in  only  poiwibl«  when  Ihi;  cinkr&ncc 
in  the  Bhftft  is  Miifllcinitly  gnat  Ui  allow  of  a  loa<l«d  drum  being 
taken  down.  The  method  in  rapid  but  objectionable,  in  that  it 
amountH,  for  a  period  at  leant,  to  single  mmpeniiion,  with  conc«<|uent 
strains. 

Lowering  direct  from  a  capntan  or  a  haulage-engine  r»')uire»i, 
perhaps,  more  care  than  any  of  the  prrceding,  and  ihoald 
only  be  unrlertaken  in  the  cane  of  heavily  armoured  cabl^. 
Lowering  should  Ixj  continuous  and  without  interruption,  in  order 
to  avoid  undue  bearing  strain  against  tho  joi'key  pulley.  When 
winding  from  the  cable-drum  to  the  engine-rtrum,  the  cable  tjend 
should  form  a  C  and  never  an  S  bend  ;  and  when  the  cable  ia  need 
for  any  but  the  uppermost  length  in  a  hhaft,  great  care  shonld  b« 
exercised  in  winding  it  over  the  steel  haw^-r  and  the  couplings 
underneath  it. 

Lowering  with  a  locomotive  should  only  be  adopted  an  a  last 
expedient. 

If  the  total  underground  load  is  shared  between  two  or  more 
feeders  cases  should  be  rare  indeed  in  which  both  break  down 
simultaneously.  An  even  greater  precaution  is  to  install  mains  in 
different  shafts,  making  their  electrical  connection  bt-low  ground. 

For  roadway  cables  intake  airways  should  be  selected,  and  the 
position  chosen  for  the  run  should  be  such  as  to  afford  the  gr^'atest 
security  from  mechanical  damage.  In  main  roadways  where  fhere 
are  good  walls  and  sound  roofs,  the  cables  may  be  fixed  in  a  perma- 
nent manner  by  cleats.  Where  there  is  a  liability  of  damage  from 
falls,  the  cables  should  be  suspended  in  such  a  manner  and  with  so 
much  slack  that  they  will  readily  tear  away  without  fracture. 
With  this  in  view,  many  methods  of  slinging  are  adopted,  the  least 
reliable  being,  perhaps,  the  pig  skin  suspender,  in  which  the  eyelet 
is  very  prone  to  draw  out,  as  the  material  deteriorates.  Retter  far 
is  the  simple  expedient  of  tarred  marline  fixed  at  regular  intervals, 
not  exceeding,  say,  10  ft. 

The  writer  noted  a  case  recently  where  a  paper  cable  was  run  on 
slings  800  yards  in-bye  with  so  little  slack  a3  to  become  as  taut  ad 
a  fiddle-string  through  the  movement  of  the  road.  The  joints 
were  made  without  any  boxes,  and  the  mechanical  strain,  coupled 
with  moisture  at  the  unsealed  end  of  the  run,  caused  a  very 
serious  fire  at  that  spot.  Roadway  cables  more  than  any  others 
are  liable  to  come  under  Sec.  c  of  Rule  12,  and  it  may  be  men- 
tioned that  single-armoured  cables  (under  certain  normal  con- 
ditions enumerated)  will  require  to  have  their  sheathings  bonded 
together  every  100  ft. ;  also  that  if  two  singles  are  so  used, 
the  conductivity  of  the  sheathings  of  either  shall  be  at  least 
equal  to  25  per  cent,  of  the  conductivity  of  the  conductor  enclosed 
thereby. 

For  installation  purposes,  it  is  advisable  to  take  the  new  road- 
way cable  down  the  pit  intact  on  its  drum,  jacking  it  up  on  an 
improvised  trolley  running  on  tub-wheels,  and  paying  out  as  the 
trolley  moves  along.  If  there  is  nofr  room  for  the  drum  to  be 
taken  down  the  road,  it  must  be  jacked  up  and  the  cable  drawn 
off  and  run  in-bye  on  tubs,  rollers,  or  pit-props,  care  being  taken  to 
avoid  dragging  it  along  the  ground  and  so  causing  needless  abrasion 
to  the  outer  servings  of  jute. 

If  it  is  found  impossible  to  get  the  drum  down  the  shaft,  the 
cable  can  be  taken  off  at  bank  and  lowered— either  lashed  to  a 
haulage-rope  or  fixed  to  a  capel — and  run  in-bye  as  it  descends. 
In  no  circumstances  should  a  twist  or  kink  be  allowed  to  occur. 

The    importance  of    the    question    of    boxes    cannot   be   over- 
estimated, not  only  as  seals  to  prevent  moisture  from  entering  the 
.  dielectric,  but  as  means  for  making-off  the  armour  in  an  electric- 
ally   and    mechanically    sound    manner,    and   of    thus    effecting 
continuity  of  the  sheathings. 

None  but  trained  jointers  should  be  employed  on  this  type  of 
work,  and  only  the  very  best  materials  should  be  put  in.  If  for 
reasons  of  general  safety  the  sweating  of  cores  cannot  be  under- 
taken, mechanical  connectors,  having  an  electrical  conductivity 
not  less  than  that  of  a  sweated  joint,  should  be  used,  care  being 
taken  so  to  protect  such  fittings  with  tape  that  the  hot  com- 
pound cannot  creep  into  their  crevices,  with  the  possibility  of 
ultimate  sparking. 

The  fundamental  features  to  be  looked  for  in  joint-boxes  are 
absolute  water-tightness  and  mechanical  strength  ;  long  bearing 
glands  ;  adequate  means  of  bonding  through  from  sheathing  to 
sheathing  ;  and  such  design  as  will  reduce  to  a  minimum  the  risk 
of  cavities  or  "  blow-holes"  forming  in  the  compound. 

All  pedestals  should  rest  on  porcelain  feet  immersed  in  the 
compound. 

It  is  most  inadvisable  to  joint  actually  in  the  shafts,  but  when 
it  is  necessary  a  vertical  bos  must  be  used.  Such  a  box  should 
never  be  installed  unless  all  dropping  water  can  be  temporarily 
diverted.  Much  the  best  method  of  arranging  shaft  joints  is  to 
make  a  horizontal  connection  in  a  heading  or  inset,  even  at  the 
inevitable  expense  involved  in  the  construction  of  such  an  inset. 
The  most  suitable  box  for  this  work  is,  undoubtedly,  that  of  the 
horizontal  type,  in  which  the  incoming  and  outgoing  cables  enter 
at  one  end,  as"  illustrated  in  figs.  9  and  10.  When  it  is  desired  to 
feed  various  levels  from  the  shaft  cable,  a  similar  type  of  horizontal 
box  may  be  used  with  an  additional  gland  at  its  inner,  or  roadway, 
end.  Such  a  box  should  be  provided  with  disconnecting  links,  in 
order  to  allow  of  ease  in  testing.  Boxes  on  lead-covered  paper 
cables  should  have  their  glands  "wiped  "  onto  the  leaden  sheathing 
—an  impossible  matter,  of  course,  in  places  where  a  blow-lamp 
cannot  be  used. 

Terminal  boxes  are  usually  of  the  bifurcating  or  trifurctting 
type,  and  the  question  of  protection  of  leads  is  one  of  some  diffi- 
culty,   The  leads  must  certainly  be  metal-casfd  ;  when  they  moat 


660 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,847,  April  IS,  1913. 


l)e  under  one  cover,  a  wrouKht-iron  case  constructed  on  site  ia 
perhaps  the  most  suitable  method  to  adopt.  Alternatively  a  box 
may  be  provided,  specially  designed  for  use  in  any  position,  fitted 
with  stnffinjj  glands,  and  screwed  so  that  barrelling:,  larjie  enouph 
to  enclose  three  vulcanised  india-rubber  singles,  can  be  fixed  to  the 
box.  At  the  terminal  ends  of  the  rubber  leads,  fibrous  tapea 
should  never  be  allowed  to  come  into  contact  with  the  metal  of 


Fig. 


St. — Single-ended  Type  ok   Hokizoisxal  Joint-Box  (for 
FIXING  in  an  Inset)  to  connect  up  Shaft  Cables. 


lugs  or  conduetorg.  The  obvious  method  is  to  seal  with  material 
which  will  form  a  homog-eneous  water-proof  covering  from  the 
cable  trim  to  the  lug.  Not  only  will  this  arrangement  facilitate 
the  periodical  work  of  testing,  but  it  will  minimise  the  risk 
previously  mentioned  of  vagabond  currents  getting  on  to  the 
metallic  sheaths  of  the  cables. 

When  joints  are  completed,  the  box  must  be  filled  up  with  an 
insulating  compound,  in  order  to  protect  the  conductors  and  insu- 
lation from  moisture.  It  is  essential  that  this  compound  should  be 
of  high  insulation  resistance,  that  its  consistency  at  the  tempera- 
ture at  which  it  is  poured  into  the  box  allows  it  to  run  freely,  and 
that  it  seta  hard,  with  no  tendency  to  drain  away  from  the  box  at 
normal  temperatures. 

For  mining  work  the  writer  has  always  made  it  a  custom  to 
use  only  compounds  suitable  for  extra-high-tension  work,  prefer- 
ably with  a  high  melting  point,    having   a  pouring  temperature 


">      Porcelain  Foot.        '™"  Anchor  Ba 


Mechanical  Type  Termi' 


SIcel  Armour  Clamp 


Fio.  111.— Details  op  Single- ended  Horizontal  Bo.v. 


of,  say,  3(»0°  to  330"  F.  While  overheating  is  injurious  to  the 
compound,  it  should  never  be  used  too  cold,  as  the  efficacy  of  the 
aeal  is  thereby  endangered.  Enough  attention  is  usually  not  given 
to  this  most  important  point.  Not  only  should  the  correct  pouring 
temperatures  of  any  compound  be  ascertained,  but  jointers  should 
always  be  compelled  to  use  thermometers  in  order  to  gain  such 
temperatures.  Where  heat'ng  cannot  be  done  locally,  it  is  necessary 
to  get  the  compound  rapidly  transmitted  from  bank  to  box  in  some 
non-condu';ting  jicket  arrangement;  the  writer  has  seldom  found 
fQOoh  difficulty  in  effecting  this,  generally  by  plaoing  largfe  bncketa 
ia  tabu  filled  with  nawdnflt  or  dome  Bimilar  in»teriai. 


The  compound  should  be  poureil  rapidly  and  oontinuonsly  into 
the  box,  preferably  through  a  funnel,  and  every  facility  should  be 
given  for  air  and  gases  to  escape.  It  is  essential  that  the  boxes 
should  be  so  efficiently  filled  that  no  cavities  are  left.  If,  on 
inspection  after  cooling,  the  box  is  found  to  be  not  quite  full,  final 
toppings  are  absolutely  necessary. 

As  regards  bonding  and  earthing,  the  new  rules  really  enforce 
what  manufacturers  have  been  making  their  standard  practice  and 
generally  recommending  for  several  years  past. 

Rule  8  («)  provides  that  all  sheathings,  \:c.,  "shall  be  earthed 
by  connection  to  an  earthing  system  at  the  surface  of  the  mine." 
In  the  memorandum,  reference  is  made  to  the  use  of  at  least  two 
earth  plates,  and  the  addition  of  a  footnote,  quoting  the  Board  of 
Trade  Tramway  Regulations  in  this  connection,  suggests  that  com- 
pliance therewith  would  be  in  order.  Those  regulations  provide 
for  two  plates  not  less  than  20  yanls  apart,  which  "  shall  be  con- 
structed, laid,  and  maintained  so  as  to  secure  electrical  contact 
with  the  general  mass  of  earth,  so  that,  if  possible,  an  electro- 
motive force,  not  exceeding  4  volts,  shall  suffice  to  produce  a 
current  of  at  least  2  amperes  from  one  earth-connection  to  the 
other." 

This  result  is  somewhat  difficult  to  obtain  with  ordinary  earth- 
plates  ;  indeed,  the  writer  has  failed  to  accomplish  it  with  copper 
plates,  each  of  2  sq.  ft.  area,  laid  in  a  bedding  of  coke,  although  the 
intermediate  ground  was  well  soaked  with  saline  water.  This, 
however,  only  demonstrates  the  wisdom  and  breadth  of  the  rules, 
which,  while  indicating  a  high  degree  of  efficiency,  do  not  hamper 
its  attainment  by  narrow  or  vexatious  regulations  that  might 
easily  be  rendered  abortive  by  local  conditions. 

Copper  plates  should  be  avoided  on  account  of  their  rapid 
deterioration.  Iron  cylinders  or  pipes  driven  vertically  into  the 
ground  and  filled  with  breeze,  into  which  engine  cocks  can  drip, 
make  perhaps  the  best  job,  provided  that  a  sound  and  visible 
mechanical  and  electrical  connection  is  made  with  them.  As  an 
alternative,  a  couple  of  old  boiler  plates  thrown  into  a  pond  have 
often  been  known  to  give  excellent  results.  It  is  always  well, 
however,  in  addition  to  any  earth-plates  at  the  surface,  to  bond  all 
metallic  sheathings  by  means  of  three  or  four  separate  tinned- 
copper  conductors  made  off  with  lugs  to  the  flanges  of  pipes,  known 
always  to  contain  water,  and  forming  a  widely  distributed  contact 
with  the  main  mass  of  earth. 

In  conclusion,  the  writer  would  put  forward  an  earnest  plea  with 
respect  to  upkeep  and  maintenance.  Nearly  all  the  faults  met 
with  in  his  experience — barring  those  of  a  purely  mechanical 
nature — have  been  due  to  carelessness,  and  could  have  been  readily 
prevented.  Rigid  tests  for  insulation  resistance,  for  continuity  of 
sheathings,  and  for  proving  the  efficiency  of  earth-connections, 
should  be  made  in  respect  of  all  cables  at  least  once  a  month,  and 
their  results  recorded  and  compared.  Deterioration,  or  even  the 
result  of  unknown  mechanical  damage,  may  thus  be  traced  before 
serious  consequences  ensue. 


Discussion 


Mr.  H.  V,  Hart-Davis  pointed  out  that  last  year  there  were  12 
fatal  accidents  in  mines  due  to  electricity,  as  against  21  in  the 
previous  year,  and  the  Electrical  Inspector  said  that  proper  con- 
nections to  earth  might  have  prevented  six  of  them  ;  this  showed 
the  importance  of  eiiticient  earthing.  Instead  of  a  separate  earthing 
cable  where  transformers  were  used,  he  suggested  a  copper  sheath 
under  the  armouring  of  the  high-tension  cable.  In  his  opinion 
sufficient  attention  had  not  been  given  to  lighting  circuits  under- 
ground ;  armoured  cables  should  be  used  right  up  to  the  lamps. 

Mr.  E.  Long  referred  to  the  recent  paper  by  Mr.  E.  K.  Scott,  and 
deprecated  the  use  of  aluminium  cables  and  wood  casing  in  shafts 
He  preferred  cleating  at  intervals  to  single  suspension. 

Mr.  G.  S.  Corlett  advocated  paper-insulated  cables  for  pressures 
of  3,000-5,000  volts.  For  lighting  he  preferred  twin  armoured 
conductors  with  joint  boxes.  In  the  case  of  a  step-down  trans- 
former system,  he  pointed  out  that  the  probability  of  a  heavy  rush 
of  current  on  the  armouring  of  the  high-tension  cable  was  too 
remote  to  call  for  any  special  precautions. 

Mr.  W.  B.  Shaw  said  that,  the  single-suspension  clamps  shown 
were  of  his  design,  and  the  method  was  particularly  applicable  to 
armoured  lead-covered  paper  cables,  but  not  very  suitable  for 
bitumen-insulated  cables,  except  short  ones. 

Mr.  a.  F.  W.  Richards  said  that  it  was  important  that  the 
actual  requirements  of  the  Home  Office  as  regarded  earthing  in  the 
case  of  a  transformer  installation  should  be  ascertained. 

Mr.  J.  D.  Paion  spoke  in  favour  of  due  consideration  being  given 
to  the  advantages  of  aluminium  for  conductors,  pointing  out  that 
though  armoured  cablee  were  now  required  by  law,  the  economic 
features  of  the  question  must  not  be  disregarded 

Mr.  R.  H.  Lee  suggested  that  three  locomotives  and  a  number  of 
wagons  were  not  necessary  to  hold  back  a  cable  weighing  6  tons. 
He  did  not  favour  single  suspension,  as  mines  were  now  often 
1,.'>00  to  3,000  ft.  deep.  In  sinking  new  shafts  it  would  be 
advantageous  to  provide  special  space  for  the  cables.  For  trailing 
cables,  the  cab-tire  sheathed  type  had  proved  to  be  much  superior 
to  any  other  type.  In  the  event  of  a  dead  short  between  the  coree, 
the  arc  would  not  penetrate  the  sheathing.  He  referred  to  the 
advantages  of  putting  the  cables  behind  the  timbers  in  a  road,  or 
burying  them  in  iron  pipes. 

Mr,  O.  G.  L.  Preece  said  that  bitumen-insulated  cables  could 
easily  be  made  to  withstand  a  pressure  of  6,000  volts,  but  paper 
insulation  underneath  the  bitumen  was  often  used  as  an  additional 
precaution.     He  did  not  recommend  single  suspension. 

Mb.  R.  Nelson  (Electrical  Inspector  of  Mines)  said  he  was  very 
gratified  to  note  that  regulationa  which  were  designed  primarily 
t-o  gennre  safety  »ppesr«l  to  the  author  \in   lifl  nucoaMful,  also  in 


Vol.72.     No.  1,H47,  Ai-Hll,   IK,  19I». 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


eci 


aBBistiuir  the  manufacturer  by  "  the  Htaniianlinatioii  of  conditions." 
With  Mr.  AndcTHOn's  views  in  freneral,  he  exprendud  close  atrroe- 
ment.  Mr.  Anderson  recommonded  rublier-oovored  cables  a»  "  un- 
deniably the  l)e»t,  both  from  a  physical  and  from  electrical  pointn 
of  view."  Later,  however,  he  remarked  that  bitumen-covered 
cables  were  "  by  far  the  most  suitable  for  avernije  colliery  work." 
He  could  not  mean  thot  rubber-coveied  cables  were  the  best  ''  for 
&\CTaice  colliery  work."  If  he  had  in  n>in<l  what  were  usually 
called  "tails,"  Mr.  Nelson  suifKcsted  that  "  makiiiff  off 
or  tailin^ir  cables  '  were  obsolete  below  jjround  in  mines. 
The  best  sphere  for  rubber- covered  cables,  if  they  had  one 
at  all  below  ground  in  mines,  was  in  connections  between 
control  Icr.'i  and  resistance  Rrids.  Mr.  Anderson  mentioned 
the  matter  of  the  proper  section  of  hitfhtension  armourint;  where 
the  current  was  transformed  down  at  the  shaft  bottom,  or  else- 
where, for  use  in-bye.  It  should  be  remeniberfd  that  the  didiculty 
did  not  occur  when  the  neutral  point  in  both  systems  was  earthed. 
To  meet  an  insulated  neutral  point  there  was  an  alternative  to  Mr. 
Anderson's  suptrestion — namely,  to  fix  earth  plates  at  the  junction  of 
the  two  systems,  and  connect  them  in  parallel  with  the  surface  earth 
by  means  of  the  armouring;  of  the  hi^ih-pressure  cable  alone,  or.  if 
the  circumstances  were  thoujrht  to  reiiuire  it,  in  parallel  with  some 
other  effective  conductor.  He  supported  the  recommendation  to 
"share  the  total  undcrtjround  load  between  two  or  more  feeders." 
He  would  not  expect  two  old  boiler  plates  "  thrown  into  a  pond  " 
to  form  a  pood  earth  connection.  Water  had  an  appreciable  resist- 
ance, and  he  would  expect  to  find  that  two  buried  boiler  plates 
would  give  a  better  result.  Mr.  Anderson's  last  paragraph  was  a 
complete  guide  to  proper  maintenance. 

Mb.  W.  T.  Andkkson,  in  reply  to  Mr.  Hart-Davis,  paid  that  a 
reduction  in  the  number  of  fatal  accidents  due  to  electrical  causes 
of  nearly  50  per  cent,  in  the  first  year  in  which  the  electricity 
rules  were  in  operation  was  their  soundest  justification.  Mr.  Hart- 
Davie's  plea  for  a  copper  shield  under  the  armour  of  high-tension 
shaft  cables,  in  order  to  bring  their  load-carrying  capacity  into  line 
with  the  low-tension  requirements  below  ground,  was  hardly 
feasible  except  in  the  case  of  lead-covered  cables.  In  the  event  of 
pit  water  getting  inside  the  armour,  galvanic  action  would  pro- 
bably arise.  The  suggestion  was  otherwise  distinctly  sound,  if  only 
to  avoid  the  danger  set  up  by  mechanical  bonds  between  sheathiLg 
and  an  auxiliary  earth  wire,  as  it  was  most  difficult  to  render  these 
bonds  efficacious.  He  agreed  with  Mr.  Long's  plea,  that  all  colliery 
cables  should  be  armoured  (with  t  he  exoeption,  of  course,  of  trailers). 
This  question  of  armouring  had  been  disposed  of  by  the  new  rules. 
Wooden  casing  had  been  mentioned  by  the  writer,  but  dismissed  by 
him  as  impracticable.  His  remnrks  applied  equally  to  the  split 
telegraph  poles  mentioned  by  Mr.  Long.  Rule  12  (D)  happily  put 
this  suggested  method  entirely  out  of  court.  It  was  a  method 
which  was  quite  opposed  to  the  fpirit  of  the  new  rules.  For 
normal  conditions,  in  shafts,  bitumen-coveredcables  without  hygro- 
scopic material  of  any  kind  in  their  internal  construction  were  the 
best.  He  was  inclined  to  agree  with  Mr.  Corlett,  that  it  was  not 
electrically  necessary  to  increase  the  high-tension  armour  as  an 
earth  connection  to  a  low-tension  system  below  ground  ;  an  earth 
on  the  low-tension  might  not  affect  the  armouring  of  the  high- 
tension  system,  but  would  probably  be  confined  to  the  underground 
portion  of  the  installation.  Mr.  W.  Bolton  Shaw,  in  referring  to 
the  single  suspension  at  Hulton  Colliery,  had  borne  out  the  writer's 
remarks.  The  cables  were  light,  and  were  of  the  one  class  which  could 
be  so  treated  without  grave  risk  of  injury.  The  writer  could  not, 
however,  agree  with  Mr.  Shaw  that  the  clamp  method  of 
single  suspension  was  good  for  paper-lead  covered  or  for  any  other 
type  of  cable,  and  under  no  circumstances  would  he  reccmmend 
its  use.  With  regard  to  hydraulic  pressure  being  set  up  at  the 
bottom  of  paper-covered  cables,  this  could  not  occur  in  cables  the 
insulation  of  which  was  impregnated  layer  by  layer  and  not  in 
bulk.  He  had  refrained  purposely  from  any  mention  of  aluminium 
for  mining  work,  as  he  considered  its  use  impracticable.  The  only 
form  in  which  aluminium  could  be  considered  from  motives  of 
economy  would  be  in  the  case  of  bare  overhead  lines.  It  was  true 
that  he  had  shown  all  his  copper  cores  mechanically  connected, 
for  the  reason  that  such  connections  catered  for  all  eventualities. 
There  could  be  no  doubt,  however,  that  sweated  joints  were  to  be 
preferred,  and,  broadly  speaking,  conditions  allowed  of  their  being 
so  made  in  50  per  cent,  of  the  mining  boxes.  For  pit  conditions 
of  exposure  to  air  and  moisture  the  writer  could  not  imagine  a 
finer  preservative  for  wood  than  creosote.  Mr.  S.  H.  Lee  had 
suggested  that  three  locomotives  (two  to  lower  and  one  as  a  stand- by) 
used  to  install  a  6ton  cable  were  far  from  necessary.  With  this 
statement  he  could  not  agree.  The  stresses  and  safety  factors  to  be 
provided  for  were  impossible  to  gauge  by  ordinary  calculation. 
Greasy  rails,  gradients,  and  local  conditions  might  upeet  any 
ordinary  precautions,  and,  as  several  recent  accidents  had  shown 
(in  one  case  where  a  couple  of  railway  trucks  accompanied  the 
cable  down  the  pit),  it  was  much  wiser  to  have  a  ton  too  much 
than  an  ounce  too  little,  especially  when  the  nose  of  the  cable  had 
to  be  followed  down  by  men  on  the  top  of  the  cage.  With 
regard  to  the  capel,  there  was  no  question  of  lack  of  confidence  in 
the  more  modem  one  made  to  the  design  of  the  cable  makers.  It 
was  tested  to  15  tons  before  being  used  for  6.  Doubtless  it  was 
capable  of  taking  something  like  50  tons.  The  clamp  was  put  on  at 
the  wish  of  the  colliery  authorities,  and  came  in  very  handy  as  an 
anchor  for  the  stand-by  hawser.  With  regard  to  bare  rujjber-sheathed 
trailing  cables,  he  was  inclined  to  think  that,  although  their 
initial  coat  was  great,  they  had  a  great  future  before  them.  To 
thread  considerable  lengths  of  cable  behind  the  timbering  of  roada 
was  apt  to  do  more  harm  in  kinks  and  abrasions  than  would 
justify  any  increased  protection,  apart  from  the  enhanced  difficulty 
in  slinging  them  satisfactorily  in  such  a  riosition.  To  bury  road- 
way cables  was  nndonbtedly  Imd  practice,  and  one  snch  successfnl 


attempt  cfjuld  not  juntify  itn  adoption.  'Ihe  writer  |«rtieularljr 
welcomc'd  Mr.  Ni-lnon'ri  contribution  to  the  di>(:u»ion.  For  all 
main  fetxIcrH  ( txith  shaft  ami  roadway)  inHtallcd  under  average 
coiiditionn,  ruljlMtr-inHUlatcd  nictRlcht-athf-rl  cablen  wit<:  unqurt- 
tionably  the  ta-st.  Their  crint,  however,  rendurwl  them  qriiU;  pro- 
hibitive for  ordinary  commercial  |  urporeH.  .Next  in  Muitability  and 
generally  efliciency  undoubtedly  came  bitumen,  which  ptirnetwod 
many  of  the  properties  which  rendered  the  uka  of  nibb^r  mi 
excellent.  Itegaruing  the  unciiitability  of  rubtx-r  for  "  tailing  " 
purpoHOH,  it  waH,  of  course,  clear  that  the  ultimato  detiire  of  the 
framurs  of  the  new  ruleii  waH  to  [M.-rHua^le  manofactarcrii  of 
switch-gear  to  provide  on  their  apparatuH  huitable  ii«aiinir 
chambers  for  the  cablei^,  and  no  do  away  with  tailing  cable* 
altogether,  a  consummation  which  would  be  most  heartily  wel- 
comed by  the  cable  manufacturer.  I'erhaps  if  Mr.  .Nelson  were 
to  Hubstitulo  the  word  "obsolescent  "  for  ''obsolete,  he  would 
depcribe  more  accurately  the  present  poHilion.  In  prt.'ient  circum- 
stances where  terminal  Ixxes  were  provided  the  cores  of 
cables  going  through  lh<m  should  invariably  be  cut.  To  con- 
tinue through  such  boxes  with  the  unprotected  paper  or  bitumen- 
insulated  cores  (bifurcated  or  trifurcated  therein)  would  be  im- 
possible :  there  remained  then  only  rubber-insulaled  leads  or  bare 
metal.  Such  rubber-insulated  leads  provided  the  nececsary 
mechanical  strength.  Under  the  new  rules  they  were  themselves 
enclosed  in  a  metal  sheath  or  tube  (to  a  point  presumably  as  near 
their  respective  studs  as  the  tubing  could  be  brought).  The 
safest  method  of  making  them  <  ff  to  the  lug  was  to  provide  the 
non-fibrous  seal  mentioned  in  the  paper.  Mr.  Nelson'H  remarks 
regarding  earthing  by  plates  in  water  were  interesting.  It  should, 
of  course,  be  borne  in  mind  that  plates  thus  treated  were 
not  exactly  surrounded  by  water,  but  were  probably  more  or  less 
sunk  in  mud.  The  reciut  report  on  electrical  accidents,  where 
high  resit-tai.ce  in  the  earth-circuit  had  led  to  trouble,  abundantly 
justified  Mr.  Nelson  in  the  stand  taken  to  ensure  efficient  con- 
nections to  earth  ;  and  the  writer  could  only  add  that  if  colliery 
engineers  would  armour,  bond,  and  earth  soundly,  fatal  mishaps 
below  ground  due  to  electrical  causes  would  practically  become 
unknown. 


Electric  Supply  in  London. 

By  Pbank  Bailey,  M.Inst.C.E. 

{Ahsliart  of  p<(j)or  icotl  before  the.  SOCIETY  Of  Akts,   Aiuil  9/li, 
1913.) 

The  use  of  electrical  energy  as  the  motive  power  of  our  tube  and 
other  railways,  for  the  woiking  of  our  factories,  and  for  lighting, 
heating,  cooking,  fee,  has  become  so  general  that  few  of  those  who 
now  participate  in  its  advantages  realise  the  difficulties  that  were 
experienced  in  the  early  days  of  pioneering  a  new  industry.  In 
1890  I  placed  before  this  Society  a  short  account  of  the  progress 
of  electric  lighting  in  London,  and  I  will  now  endeavour  to  bring 
this  information  up  to  date. 

The  Electric  Lighting  Act  of  1882  limited  all  provisional  orders 
to  a  period  of  21  jears.  This  short  period  did  not  encourage  enter- 
prise, and  strenuous  efforts  to  secure  a  sounder  basis  for  the 
building  up  of  a  great  enterprise  resulted  in  the  passing  of  the 
Electric  Lighting  Act  of  1S88,  which  extended  the  period  to 
42  years.  Useful  pioneering  work  was,  however,  acctmplithed 
between  1882  and  1888. 

Up  to  the  year  1890  none  of  the  London  vestries — now  merged 
into  borough  council? — had  decided  to  embark  on  municipal 
trading,  with  the  exception  of  the"  St.  Pancras  Vestry,  and  it  was 
not  until  the  commercial  success  of  the  various  undertakings  had 
been  established  that  13  of  the  remaining  borough  councils  in 
London  applied  for  and  obtained  provisional  orders.  We  ought 
therefore  to  appreciate  the  enterprise  of  the  13  companies  who  had 
undertaken  the  responsibilities  of  carrying  out  the  obligations 
imposed  upon  them  by  the  terms  of  the  provisional  orders  granted 
nnder  the  Act  of  1888.  These  companies  had  to  raise  the  capital 
they  required  without  being  able  to  quote  actual  experience  of  a 
profitable  yield  ;  and  it  is  remarkable,  considering  the  inexperience 
of  the  industry  at  that  time,  how  few  mistakes  were  made,  nnd 
how  well  the  capital  was  expended.  Most  of  the  early  pioneering 
plants  have  now  disappeared,  the  capital  cost  having  been  redeemed 
out  of  revenue. 

The  table  on  p.  6(>2  gives,  in  a  summarised  form,  the  present 
position  of  the  various  supply  authorities  in  London.  It  shows  the 
output  for  the  1-1  local  authorities  who  work  their  own  provisional 
orders,  as  published  for  the  municipal  year  ending  March  31st, 
1912,  and  as  estimated  for  the  year  ending  March  31st,  r.tI3. 
The  output  given  for  the  13  companies  is  taken  Jrom  the  pub- 
lished accounts,  supplemented  in  many  cases  by  information 
kindly  supplied. 

The  total  output  includes  some  supplies  given  for  railway  and 
tramway  purposes,  wiihin  the  area  of  the  County  of  London, 
which,  according  to  the  ■  ttus  returns  of  the  year  1911,  contains 
74,81(1  acres  and  a  population  oi  4,521,t)8.";  persons. 

To  complete  the  statement  so  as  to  include  all  electric  supply, 
reference  must  be  made  to  the  various  railways  and  tramways 
operattd  by  electric  traction. 

The  total  amount  of  electrical  energy  utilised  for  all  purposes 
may  be  estimated  for  the  year  1912  as  follows  : — 

f'wj/.v. 

Railways     271,500.000 

Tramways 130,000,000 

General  supply       277,500,000 


Total 


rt7  9,000.00(1 


662 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi,  72.  No.  i,847,  apbilis,  ms. 


Electric  Supply  in  London. 


Local  authority. 


Capital 
expended. 


I    Max. 
lead. 
Winter, 
191213. 


^      ! 

1 

Estimated. 

KW. 

Battersea       

298,038  ' 

4,288,00(  1 

6,200,000' 

3,050 

Bermondsey 

181,172 

4,144.43^, 

4,600,00( 

1,960 

Fulbam          

281,008  [ 

3,331,497, 

3,90o,oo( : 

2,170 

Hackney        

366,394 

6,615,52< 

9,800,00( 

4  290 

ITammersmitb 

344,153 

9,335,892, 

y,600,00( 

5,900 

Hampstead 

437,000 

4,794.4K- 

5.240,00( 

3,290 

Islington        

513,402 

6,41 6,95:1 

8,C0O,00( 

4,930 

Poplar            

302,468 

9,193.872 

12,000,00( 

.-.  250 

Shorcditch     

379,(il9 

6,994,7  U 

9,000,00( 

4,680 

Southwark     

108,673 

1,790,983 

3,000,00( 

1,700 

Stepney          

426,777 

ll,972,95^ 

14,000,OC( 

6,500 

Stoke  Newington     ... 

36,000 

426,527 

475,00( 

320 

St.  Maivlebone 

2,069,823 

13,488,69t' 

15.0C0,00( 

9  700 

St.  Pancras 

567.468 

9,452,067 

11,376,0C( 

3,740 

Woolwich 

310  000' 

2,198,511 

2,517,00( 

1,650 

Co  III  pa  nil. 

Trompton      

Charingr  Cross 

Chelsea  

City 

County  

Kensin(;ton  ... 

London 

Metropolitan... 

NottinsT  Hill 

South  London 
South  Metropolitan... 

St.  James'      

Westminater... 
Central    (St.    James' 
,ocand   Westminster 

Joint)        

W'ood  Lane  (Kensing-- 

ton    and     Notting 

Hill  Joint) 


£6  602.0.")5      94,445,101   '14,708,00(    f.9,130 


600,296 
224,340 


£14,613,196  '163,203.261  177,323,258  103.980 


Grand  totals  •  ..."    £21,215,251    257,648,364  292.031,258  163,110 


Note.— Local  authorities'  accounts  made  np  to  March  31st  each  year. 
Compacles'  accounts  made  up  to  December  Slst  each  year. 


The  prcgrees  of  the  supply  authorities  is  shown  graphically  hy 
the  corves  indicating  the  maximum  demand  and  output  in  units. 
The  influence  of  the  advent  of  the  metal-filament  lamp  is  thown 
by  the  lighting  output,  any  temporary  depressing  effect  being  more 


• 

1        1        1 

f-ECTRIC    SufPLr    Of    LONDON 

raocR£SS  f unvES 

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Y 

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y 

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Electric  Liohting  and  Powee  Sui-ply  in  London 


than  neutralised  by  the  increase  in  the  tale  of  units  for  power  pur- 
poses. The  future  dtmand  for  increased  illumination  from  existing 
wiring,  and  the  necessity  for  providiig  all  the  buildings  with  the 
necessary  means  for  utilising  this  most  (fficient  and  economical 
light  shows  signs  of  steadily  increasing  and  exceeding  all  estimates 
based  on  the  old  carbcn-filament  lamp.  Between  the  years  li<89 
and  1004  every  unit  sold  at  from  6d.  to  8d.  could  be  utilised  to 
obtain  light  up  to  260  c.P.  for  one  hour  by  using  carbon  lamps,  or, 
iay,  30  c.F.-hours  for  Id.  ;  now  by  using  the  tungsten  lamp  at  the 
present  moderate  charges  for  tupply,  1  unit  will  provide  833  c.P. 
for  one  hour,  or  nay,  208  c.P, -hours  for  Id.  ;   or,  in  other  words. 


the  consumer  obtains  about  six  times  the  light  for  the  same 
investment. 

The  Electric  Lighting  Act  of  1888  did  not  contemplate  the  use 
of  the  electric  motor,  which  was  then  made  only  in  small  sizes,  and 
its  great  future  was  not  realised  by  the  public  ;  but  from  1890  to 
1900  the  utility  of  the  electric  motor  was  generally  recognised,  and 
pioneering  efforts,  involving  much  enterprise  and  patience,  resulted 
in  its  gradual  adoption  and  final  universal  use,  with  beneficial 
results  to  both  supplier  and  consumer. 

The  electric  supply  authorities  in  1906  combined  to  make  an 
exhaustive  canvass  of  all  factory  power  users  in  London,  and 
ascertained  that  the  total  amount  of  power  required  in  all  districts 
within  the  County  of  London  was  20J<.806  H.i-,,  or,  say,  156,600  KW. 
The  total  connection  for  electrical  power  now  amounts  to  about 
135,000  KW  ,  or  86  per  cent,  of  all  power  retiuired,  and  the  increasing 
use  of  this  power  is  shown  on  the  curve. 

From  1880  to  I'.tOO  the  Willans  engine  was  remarkable  for  the 
perfection  of  its  design  and  the  skill  shown  in  its  manufacture. 
The  demand  for  generators  of  larger  size  placed  the  Willans 
engine  at  some  disadvantage,  and  after  the  year  1900  the  steam 
turbine  took  command  of  the  field.  The  remarkable  economy  of 
the"  steam-turbine  compelled  many  users  to  replace  their  Willans 
and  other  engines,  securing  not  only  more  power  for  the  same  floor 
space,  but  also  any  amount  of  power  from  500  k\v.  upwards. 

The  history  of  the  steam  turbine  in  this  country  is  practically 
a  biography  of  the  life  of  the  Hon.  Sir  Charles  Parsons.  In  1893 
a  Parsons  turbo-alternator  of  350  kw.,  then  considered  an  enormous 
size,  was  constructed  under  exceptional  circumstances,  requiring 
quick  manufacture  and  successful  performance.  A  number  of  these 
machines  were  ordered  to  enable  me  to  overcome  complaints  of 
vibration  arising  out  of  the  working  of  reciprocating  engines,  and 
it  became  necessary  to  replace  the  latter  by  steam-turbines  or  to 
close  the  works.  The  result  was  successful  ;  and  while  I  must 
express  the  deepest  gratitude  to  the  inventor  of  the  Parsons  turbine, 
it  is  probable  that  the  success  of  these  machines  encouraged  the 
building  of  larger  sizes  and  placed  the  turbine  in  the  list  of  practical 
methods  of  electrical  generation. 

An  interesting  development  is  now  being  applied  to  the  Parsons 
turbine  in  the  form  of  speed-reducing  gear,  consisting  of  the 
employment  iof  toothed  gear  wheels  running  in  oil.  It  is  better 
that  the  steam  turbine  should  have  a  high  speed  and  the  generator 
a  lower  speed,  and  by  means  of  this  gearing  the  best  conditions  can 
be  obtained  without  material  loss  or  noise. 

If  we  consider  the  wonderful  progress  of  turbine  design  during 
the  last  12  years,  as  proved  by  the  fact  that  all  reciprocating  steam 
engines  are  now  being  superseded,  we  must  recognise  and  appreciate 


Bird's-eye  View  of  London's  Electrical  Centre  of  Gravity. 

the  work  of  Sir  Charles  Parsons  in  startling  the  world  with  a 
revolution  in  mechanical  science.  There  are  many  makers  of 
turbines  of  various  types,  but,  whether  adopting  the  Parsons 
principle  or  some  variation  of  it,  their  existence  is  due  to  the 
indefatigable  pertinacity  with  which  Sir  Charles  Parsons  overcame 
all  pioneering  difficulties  until  he  revealed  the  possibilities  of  a  ^reat 
commercial  suescess. 

Prior  to  1888  the  steam  boilers  used  in  this  country  were  of  the 
cylindrical  type,  and  the  water-tube  boiler  came  to  us  from 
America,  with  the  usual  prejudice  to  overcome.  In  the  capable 
hands  of  Messrs.  Babcock  &  Wilcox,  the  water-tube  boiler  established 
itself  as  the  safest  and  most  economical  means  of  obtaining  a  high 
steam  pressure,  with  an  integral  superheater  capable  of  raising  the 
temperature  of  the  steam  to  the  highest  limit  permissible  in  the 
steam  turbine. 

The  Babcock  Co.  have  also  done  good  service  to  the  electrical 
industry  of  this  country  by  perfecting  an  automatic  stoker  of  the 
chain -grate  type,  which  can  be  arranged  to  burn  any  kind  of  fuel 
— from  Welsh  small  coal  to  the  softest  coal  obtainable. 

One  effect  of  the  great  improvements  in  steam-^fenerating  plant 
is  that  the  257  million  units  sold  in  1911,  together  with  the  units 
expended  in  distribution  and  for  works  purposes,  were  obtained  by 
the  consumption  of  about  570,0U0  tons  of  coal.  If  the  present  ute 
of  electrical  energy  were  replaced  by  the  old  method  of  a  separate 


Vol.72.    No.  1,847.  April  IS,  1913.]  THE     ELECTRTCAL     REVIEW. 


er,; 


Bteam  plant  for  each  powor  iiitor  the  amount  of  uoal  required 
would  be  at  leant  1,000,000  tonn  per  aiinuin  more  than  at  preHcnt, 
and  tlio  wuHtoful  conHumption  of  tlilH  iiicrenHcd  (|nn)itity  of  coal 
would  roBult  in  a  repetition  of  tho  dcnnd  fo({H  wliiuh  wore  m 
prevalent  before  the  introduction  of  clcotrlca)  nupply.  It  inuiit 
kIro  be  remembered  that  the  distribution  of  power  by  mennn  of 
underground  mains  has  removed  from  the  surface  of  the  strcetH  a 


Electricity  Works  Supplying  London. 

large  number  of  coal-carts  which  formerly  supplied  the  needs  of 
power  users,  and  also  the  necessary  dust-carts  to  remove  the  ashes. 

It  has  been  BUffgeste d  that  larfje  electric  power  works  in  the  coal- 
fields or  down  the  river  would,  by  superseding  all  the  existing 
generating  works,  secure  some  economy  in  the  costs  of  generation. 
Such  economies  can  easily  be  shown  on  paper,  and  it  can  with 
eqnal  ease  be  demonstrated  that  the  additional  cost  of  mains  and 
losses  in  transmission  more  than  counterbalance  any  hypothetical 
economy  in  generation. 

London  is  at  present  supplied  from  38  generating  works,  the 
positions  of  which  are  shown  on  the  plan.  Many  of  the  works  are 
equipped  with  plant  of  the  latest  design  and  best  economy,  and, 
having  facilities  for  extension  at  low  capital  cost,  it  would  appear 
to  be  wiser  to  convey  coal  to  them  rather  than  to  provide  expensive 
copper  mains  from  distant  works.  Some  of  the  existing  works  have 
sites  of  the  utmost  value  to  the  future  supply  of  London,  and,  so 
long  as  the  centre  of  gravity  of  the  whole  demand  falls  at  a  hypo- 
thetical point  not  far  from  the  south  side  of  Blackfriars  Bridge,  it 
is  clear  there  is  greater  economy  in  developing  works  on  all  sides  of 
this  point  rather  than  the  concentration  of  the  load  in  a  distant 
region. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


replnct'Mient.  Each  nniall  gear  wheel  madu  atxjut  UO  million 
rcvolutionn.  On  inti.-rurhan  and  city  railwayM  the  lame  wh(«l  bad 
to  be  changed  after  about  HO  million  n^volutionN,  in  other  word*, 
after  about  24,000  or  :!t',,000  car-mllen,  according  to  diameter  of 
wheel,  \c.  The  I'mrsian  Stale  railway  management  requires  a 
guaranteed  minimum  of  24,000  mlleii  for  the  umall  gear  wheel* 
and  of  4H,000  miles  for  the  large  gear  wheelH.  An  a  matter  of 
fact,  diBtanoes  of  120,000  mileii  have  been 
_  accomplished  without  the  large  gear  wheela 

needing  replacement. 

In  like  manner  the  wear  of  the  bow  of 
the  current  collectors  varies  considerablj. 
Much  depends  on  the  material  of  the  bow, 
on  the  amonnt  of  traffic,  on  the  position  of 
the  rails,  and  on  the  construction  of  the 
overhead  line.  Alutniniam  bows,  mOHt  com- 
monly used,  have,  before  needing  to  lie 
changed,  covered  distances  on  interarban 
lines  of  from  2,000  to  :},000  miles,  the 
overhead  line  being  of  simple  constrnction. 
On  main  railway  lines  where  trains  are  still 
hauled  by  steam  locomotives,  causing  the 
wire  to  rust,  the  average  life  of  the  bows 
is  about  4,000  to  '>,000  miles,  and  on  main 
lines  with  electric  traction  only  it  is  about 
9,000  to  12,000  miles. 

Electrically  or  pneumatically-worked  con- 
tactors have  been  very  successful,  the  switch 
contacts  having  stood  6,000  short  circuits 
before  needing  to  be  replaced. 

In  the  case  of  the  transformers  on  a  city 
and  suburban  railway  the  internal  insulation 
had  to  be  changed  after  six  years — Z.^.,  after 
about  35,000  miles — because  it  began  to 
crumble  or  break.  The  insulation  of  the 
coils  themselves,  however,  was  still  good. 

On  the  same  railway  the  overhead  wire 
was  also  changed  after  six  years.  The 
original  copper  cross-section  of  DO  Eq.  mm.  had  been  worn  about 
40  per  cent.,  eo  that  there  was  still  00  per  cent,  of  copper 
left.  However,  it  was  not  deemed  advisable  to  allow  a 
greater  wear  in  order  to  avoid  increasing  the  drop.  There  was  a 
daily  traffic  beneath  the  overhead  line  of  about  220  trains,  each 
with  four  bows,  so  that  the  wire  was  changed  after  abont  two 
million  bows  had  passed  along  it. 

The  maintenance  costs  of  the  motor-cars  (six-axle  cars  with  two 
200-H.P.  motors)  were,  on  the  above-mentioned  railway,  about  2d. 
per  car-mile,  three-quarters  of  which  is  to  the  account  of  the  elec-  . 
trical  equipment.  The  average  annual  maintenance  costs  of  four- 
axle  motor-cars  (four  70-h.p.  motors)  of  an  interurban  railway  are 
also  given  as  about  2d.  per  car-mile.  The  working  ccsts  on  other 
lines  are  still  smaller,  but  then  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that 
electric  traction  has  only  been  recently  introduced  there,  so  that 
the  motors  and  equipment  are  still  under  guarantee  and  the  makers 
bear  a  share  of  the  working  expenses, 


C  SUPPLY  WORKS 


COPPER. 


MAINTENANCE    COSTS    OF    ELECTRIC 
TRACTION. 


Our  contemporary,  the  Railway  Gazette,  in  a  recent  article  by  its 
Berlin  Correspondent,  gives  the  following  interesting  figures  in 
connection  with  maintenance  costs  on  German  electric  railways  : — 

The  annual  mileage  figures  depend  essentially  on  the  use  that  has 
been  made  of  the  traction  equipment,  and  this,  of  course,  differs 
on  the  several  systems.  Whilst  on  the  City  railways  the  average 
amoimts  to  56,000  motor  car-miles,  on  the  suburban  lines,  where, 
besides  the  ordinary  local  traffic,  mixed  trains  are  also  hauled,  the 
average  amounts  to  20,000  or  25,000  car-miles.  The  following  are 
some  fairly  comparable  results  for  the  different  railway  systems 
regarding  the  wear  of  certain  parts  of  the  electrical  equipment : — 

The  wear  of  the  carbon  brushes  varies  from  2  to  8  mm.  per 
1,000  car-miles,  according  to  the  type,  number  of  revolutions  of  the 
motor,  and  amount  of  attention  given.  How  far  eciualising  con- 
nections in  the  commutator  could  diminish  wear  has  not  yet  been 
definitely  established. 

The  commutators  must  be  ground  or  turned  down  on  an  average 
after  about  20,000  to  30,000  miles  -,  distances  of  36,000  miles  have 
been  accomplished  without  undue  wear  of  the  collector.  Too  great 
a  wear  of  the  commutator  would  cause  the  insulating  material  to 
protrude  between  the  commutator  bars,  and  flat  places  to  form 
themselves  on  the  commutator,  resulting  in  considerable  wear  of  the 
carbon  brushes.  Commutators  of  the  usual  dimensions  used  in 
single-phase  motors  must  be  completely  renewed  after  about  six 
years.  The  armature  bearings,  if  carefully  attended  to,  are  renewed 
after  abont  24,000  to  30,000  miles. 

The  data  as  to  the  wear  of  the  gear  wheels  vary  considerably 
On  one  railway  with  infrequent  stops  the  small  gear  wheels  of 
the    motor    have    lasted    over    100,000    miles  without   requiring 


The  importance  of  copper  to  modern  industries  is  shown 
clearly  by  the  figures  tabulated  in  Messrs.  Merton's  schedule 
of  principal  copper  supplies,  which  gives  the  world's  out- 
put, and  the  outputs  of  the  principal  copper-producing  countries, 
for  the  last  20  years,  including  1912.  We  see  from  this  that, 
whereas  the  world's  output  in  1893  was  a  little  over  300,000  tons, 
it  had  increased  to  over  half  a  million  tons  in  1901,  and  was 
doubled  in  the  subsequent  decade,  the  total  output  for  1912  being 
1,004,485  tons.  Allowance  must,  of  course,  be  made  for  the  fact 
that,  of  late  years,  statistics  on  the  subject  have  been  more  care- 
fully compiled,  and  countries  whose  output,  while  small,  was  not 
included,  have  only  come  on  the  list  with  a  fairly  high  figure, 
which  may  be  responsible  for  some  of  the  sudden  leaps  taken  by 
the  totals.  For  instance,  while  the  average  annual  increase  over 
the  ten  years  1893-1902  was  27,000  tons,  the  difference  between 
the  output  for  1899  and  that  for  1900  was  only  7,270  tons,  while 
that  between  1898  and  189!)  was  42,618.  This,  however, 
may  be  traced  to  high  prices  in  18!i;i  stimulating  produc- 
tion, which,  in  the  ensuing  year,  reached  its  limit  for 
the  time  being.  Between  1903  and  1904  there  is  the  remarkable 
difference  of  69,225  tons.  The  American  mines,  principally  those 
of  Montana,  increased  their  output  considerably  in  1904,  besides 
which  Mexico  was  estimated  to  have  advanced  5,000  tons,  Xamaqua 
was  1,700  tons  up,  Australasia  5,000.  and  Japan  3,500.  The 
high  prices  of  1907  further  stimulated  production,  the  effects 
showing  themselves  in  1909,  which  advanced  85,245  tons  over  the 
preceding  year  ;  66,980  tons  of  this  increase  was  put  out  by  United 
States  concerns.  The  following  year  the  United  States  showed  a 
decrease,  and  the  increase  for  1911  was  only  7,615  tons.  After  this 
comes  the  largest  increase  of  all.  132,565  tons  for  last  year.  The 
United  States  figures  show  an  increase  of  70,970  tons.  Japan  has 
10,000  tons,  Chile  nearly  8.000,  Canada  10,000,  Australasia  6,000. 
Of  the  total,  the  favoured  Continent  yielded  '66,  South  America  '07, 
Europe  Ml  ;  Japan  with  65,500  tons,  and  Australasia  with  4  7,000, 
were  the  only  other  contributors  of  much  consequence.       Bi~- 

Looking  over  the  columns,  Australia  and  Canada  show  good, 
steady  increases,  Australia  having  doubled  in  12  years,  and  Canada 


664 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.  72.  No.  i,847,  aphil  is,  1913. 


in  10.  Chile  bad.ite  bigbest'output  'last  year,  and  Germany  makes 
Blow,  but  steady,  increase.  Japan  has  a  most  gratifying-  progress, 
very  steady  ;  Norway  is  now  over  10,000  tons  ;  tbereisa  good  ebow 
in  Serria's  7,240  tons,  and  Rnssia  made  a  strong  advance  last  year. 
Spain  and  Portugal  also  show  a  considerable  increase  after  five 
years  of  much  the  same  figures. 

Messrs.  Merton's  table  shows  that  the  output  of  the  following 
countries  exceeds  10,000  tons:— Norway  and  the  African  mines; 
over  20,000,  Germany  and  Peru  ;  over  30,000  Canada,  Chile  and 
Russia  :  over  40,000  Australasia  ;  over  .iO,000  Spain  and  Portugal 
(taken  together)  ;  over  60,000  Japan  ;  over  70,000  Mexico. 

In  connection  with  the  above  figures,  the  information  to  be  found 
in  the  chairman's  speech  to  the  fourth  ordinary  general  meeting 
of  the  Rio  Tinto  Co.  is  of  considerable  interest  to  consumers  as 
well  as  producers.  Mr.  C.  W.  Fielding,  who  occupied  this  position, 
alluded  to  the  high  prices  ruling  in  1906  and  1907  as  "unhealthy," 
as  unduly  stimulating  production  and  bringing  into  the  market 
excessive  supplies,  which  kept  the  price  down  subsequently.  In 
1911.  however,  stocks  began  to  come  down,  and  in  1912  they  were 
almost  too  low,  and  the  price  at  one  time  rose  temporarily  to  over 
JEjiO.  The  price  has  been  low  this  year  owing  to  the  unsettled 
state  of  European  politics  keeping  the  buyer  from  the  market. 
Supplies  would  thus,  after  sound  financial  conditions  in  a  country, 
appear  to  be,  if  not  the  determining  factor  in  price,  at  any  rate  a 
good  indicator  of  tendency. 

Messrs.  Merton's  monthly  circular  is  now  to  hand,  and  shows 
European  supplies  (.excluding  Rotterdam,  Hamburg  and  Bremen)  as 
32,261  tons,  a  withdrawal  of  3,885  tons  during  the  month.  Of  this 
1.410  tons  are  from  English  ports,  the  remainder  of  the  reduction 
being  on  quantities  afloat  and  at  Havre.  Including  Dutch  and 
German  ports,  the  supplies  are  4."),074  tons,  or  an  increase  of  401 
tons,  and  there  are  estimated  to  be  2,.'>00  tons  more  at  other  European 
ports. 

Arrivals  from  North  America  to  Europe  have  been  strong  at 
29,770  tons.  Spain  and  Portugal  contributed  rather  less  than 
average  to  England  and  France,  but  more  than  usual  to  other 
countries.  Chile  shipments  are  just  below  average,  and  Australian 
lower  than  usual.  Total  deliveries,  at  42,927  tons,  are  medium,  the 
average  for  the  past  12  months  being  41,. 500. 

American  stocks  at  the  end  of  February  were  ."4,600  tons,  or  400 
less  than  at  the  end  of  .January.  Total  visible  supply  for  the  end 
of  February  was  99,273  tons,  1,172  tons  better  than  at  the  end  of 
the  preceding  month. 


7,805,  "  Electrical  conductors  and  Eupporting  means  (or  same."  British 
Imbulited  anu  Helsut  Cables,  Ltd.,  W.  M.  Murcev,  J.  W,  AsxLKTandD.  B, 
Bacndebson,    April  Srd. 

7,838.     "TimeBWitcli."    J.  G,  Mehne.     April  3rd.    (Complete.) 

7,840.  "  Construction  of  electrical  dynamo  with  counter  compounding." 
J.  Pecoeot,    April  8rd,    (Complete.) 

7,842.  "  Driving  of  looms  by  electric  motors."  BiKMENB-ScnccKEETWEiiKE 
G.m.b.H,  (Convention  date,  April  Srd,  1912,  Oeimany.)^  April  8rd. 
(Complete.) 

7.846.  "  Means  of  bousing  the  recording  strip  of  electro-cardiographs  or  the 
like."  Siemens  &  Halbke  Akt.  Qeb.  (Convention  date,  April  (ith,  1912,  Qer- 
many.)    April  Srd.    (Complete.) 

7.847.  "  Wireless-controlled  vessels."    R.  Cabtwright.    April  3rd. 

7,896.  "Regulation  of  electric  motors  by  means  of  boosting  and  bucking 
machines."  Allobmeine  Elekthicitats  Ges.  (Convention  date,  April  Srd, 
1912,  Germany.)    April  3rd.    (Complete.) 

7,918.    "  Enclosed  electric  switches."    V.  Hoi'E.    April  4th, 

7.931.  "Electric  conduits  and  the  like."  F,  8,  Rippingille  and  F.  L, 
Bbocghton,    April  4th.    (Complete.) 

7.932.  "  Electrical  heating  bodies  composed  of  non-metallic  resistance 
materials."  OERRUtiER  Siemens  &  Co.  (Convention  date,  April  lltb,  1912, 
Germany.)    April  4lh.    (Complete.) 

7.933.  "  Automatic  electric  direction  and  danger  indicator  (or  mechanically- 
propelled  vehicles,"  A.  R,  Davy,  A.  W.  P.  FEtt-fiWi  and  T.  M.  Jones, 
April  4th. 

7,949.     "  Electric  arc  lamps."    A.  S.  Luni..    April  4lb, 

7,977.  "Detectors  for  use  in  wireless  telegraphy."  Graham  &  Latham, 
Ltd.,  L.  J.  Graham  and  B.  F.  Souatka.    April  4tb. 

7,1)83.  "  Arrangements  for  starting  and  regulating  direct-current  elcotrio 
motors."    F.  CiiMoNT.     (Addition  to  8,108/12.)    April  4th.    (Complete.) 

7,994.  "  Speed-indicating  apparatus."  Chadbubn's  (Ship)  TELKimAPii  Co., 
Ltd.,  and  J,  Hon  ie.    April  5th. 

7,S0(>.  "Sealing  terminals  and  connections  for  electric  cables,"  F.  A. 
Corte/-Le:oh  and  G.  Bhoiohall.    April  5th.      (Complete.) 

8,024.     "  Telegraphic  transmitters."    W.  E.  Shaw.    April  5th.    (Complete.) 

8,027.  "Arrangement  of  current  transfoimers  for  high  voltSRea." 
Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (Siemens  &  Balske  Akt.  Qes.,  Germany.)  April 
5th.    (Complete.) 

8,033.  "  Pioduotion  of  gases  by  electric  are."  R.  Hadd.in.  (International 
Ionizing  Process  Co.,  United  St:ttes.)    April  5tb.    (Complete.) 

8,054.    "  Ship  signalling  or  telegraph  apparatus."    J,  Storet,    April  Stb, 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P,  Thompson  &  Co,,  285,  High  Holborn,  W,C,,  and  al 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d,  (in  stamps). 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913. 


Compiled  expressly  for  this  journal  by  Messes,  W.  P,  Thompson  &  Co,, 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inaniries  should  be  addressed. 


7,530.  "Number  impnise  inslrument  (or  aatcmatic  teletbone  systems.' 
Siemens  &  Halses  Abt.-Geb.  (Convention  date,  March  £9tb,  1912,  Oeimary. 
March  31st.    (Complete.) 

7,681.  "  Supervisory  circuits  for  telephone  systems."  Siemens  &  Halbek 
Aet.-Ges.  (Addition  to  7,130,  1918  ;  Convention  date,  March  30th,  1912, 
Germany.)    March  31si.    (Complete.) 

7.544.  "Control  for  electrical  systems,"  C,  F,  Kettbbino,  (Convention 
date,  Angnst  9tb,  1912,  United  States.)    March  31st.    (Complete.) 

7.545.  "  Selective  electrical  distribution  systems."  C.  F.  Ketteeino  and 
W.  A.  Chbyst.  (Convention  date,  November  20th,  1912,  United  States.)  March 
31st.    (Complete.) 

7.546.  "Control  for  electrical  systems,"  C.  F.  Kettebing.  (Convention 
date,  November  lltb,  1912,  United  States.)    March  31st.    (Complete.) 

7,561,  "  Electrically  controlled  valves."  W.  C,  S.  Chapman.  (A.  D. 
Chapman,  Cape  Colony.)    March  31st.     (Complete). 

7,.')70.  "Electric  warp  stop  motions  for  locms,"  J.  Hakcq,  March  3l6t. 
((Complete.) 

7,681,  "Luminous  switch  handles  or  the  like,"  H,  Wade,  (Voigt  and 
HaefTnerAkt.-Qes.,  Germany.)    March  Slet.    (Complete.) 

7.585.    "Signal   systems   for    railways    and   apparatus  (or  nse  therewith," 

E.  C.  R.  Marks.     (W.  H,  Gilman,  United  States.)    March  Slst. 

7,598,  "Combined  intercommunication  and  party  line  telephone  systemB 
and  the  like."  8t;eelini;  Tf.lephone  and  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.  (Telepbon 
Fabrik  Akt.  Ges.  vorm.  J.  Berliner,  Germany.)  (Divided  application  on  6,580 
of  1912,  March  Ifith,  1912.)    March  31st. 

7,600.    "  Dynamo-electric  machines."    Beitish  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd., 

F.  H.  Clouoh  and  L.  Dinef.b.     March  3lBt. 

7,610.  "Transmitting  apparatus  for  use  in  wireless  telegraphy  and  tele- 
phony."   G.  Mabioni  and  C.  H.  Fbanklin,    March  Slst. 

7,638.    "Electric  bells  or  gongs."    P,  F,  MacDonald.     April  1st. 

7,640.  "  Galleries  or  carriers  which  snpport  shades  or  globes  for  gas  and 
electric  incandescent  lights."    J,  N.  Mollett.    April  Ist. 

7,6.-j6.  "  High-tension  duct-insulator  with  safety  fuse."  A.  Bitter  and  E. 
Weissberg,    April  1st. 

7,670,     "  Telephones,"    C.  F.  Kiixab.    April  Ist. 

7,675.  "  Means  of  producing  electrically  effects  corresponding  to  the  form, 
density,  or  other  physical  tinalities  of  bodies."    F.  A.  Heron,    April  1st, 

7,722,  "  Incandescent  electric  lamps."  T,  W.  Lowden,  (Addition  to 
1,180  12,)    April  2nd. 

7,7-50.  "  Electrical  apparatus  for  heating  and  cooking,"  E,  W,  Lancaster, 
April  2nd. 

7,765.  "  Form  of  contact  for  electric  bells,  alarms,  and  the  like."  J,  H. 
CtTKNiNQToN,    April  2nd,     (Complete.) 

7,756.  "  Electric  switches."  R.  H.  BARDorB  and  E.  BrHATTNEH,  April  2nd, 
(Complete.) 

7,776.  "  Electric  alternating-current  machines."  Aumamna  Svenska 
Elkktrisea  AKTiEBOLAttF.i.  (Convention  date,  April  6th,  1912,  Sweden.) 
April  2nd.    (Complete.) 

7,784.  "  Dynamo-electric  machinee."  Alloemeine-Elekteicitats-Oes. 
(Convention  date,  April  2nd,  1912,  Germany.)    April  2nd.    (Complete.)^ 

7,795.  "  Dynamo-electric  machines."  E.  Middlfbbooe  and  H,  Smith, 
April  2Dd. 

7,802.  "  Actuating  gear  (or  msgnetos  and  dynamos  for  electric  Ignition." 
B,  R.  MicKLiwooD,    April  Srd. 


1912. 

Timing  Devices  fob  Making  and  Breaking  Electbic  Circcitb  and  poe  otiieb 

Purposes.    H.  S.  Batfleld.    6,404.    March  14th. 
Vapour  Eif.cthic  Apparatus,    M.  A.  E.  Leblanc.    6,655.    March  18th. 
Distance- opeeated  Mechanisms  and  Signals  on  Electric  Supply  Systems, 

H,  W.  Handcock,  A.  ti.  Dykes  and  W,  Duddell.    6,716.    March  19th. 
Electric  Transmitting   Mechanism   for   Marine    Engine    Governobb.     S. 

Ruraolino.    6,828.    March  19th.    (Addition  to  No.  29,764  of  1909.) 
Automatic  Electric   Cibcuit-beeakino   Aebangements.     E.    MiJiler.     6,990. 

March  21st. 
Signalling  by  Means  of  Electro-magnetic  Waves.    F.  J.  Chambers.    7,243; 

March  25th. 
Protective  Devices  foe  the  Conductor  Rails  of  Electric  Railways.    C.  H. 

Men  and  S.  G.  Redman.    7,591.    March  28th.    (Addition  to  No.  11,847  of 

1908.) 
Slip-bino  Collector  Devices  fob  Electrical  iNtTSCMENTs  and  Machines. 

A.  Denny  and  F.  T.  Edgecombe.    8,640.    April  12th.    , 
Electbic  Coupling  oe  Connection  Fixtures.    S.  Trood  and  J.  H.  Dale.    9,609. 

April  26th. 
Electbic  PnoTOGEAPmc  Pbinting  or  Coptikg  Frames,    J.  B,  Haldcn,    10,183, 

April  30th. 
Vacuum  Electric  Wateeheater,    J.Mann.    12,367.    May24tb. 
Electrical  Apparatus  for  Medicai,  and  other  Pubposeb,    C.  H,  Ivinson  and 

G,  Bryant.    12,7.57.    May  30th. 
Friction  Clutch  Geab  fob  Usf.  in  Electric  Boat-hoiktino  Appaeatus,    J, 

Fielding.    12,892.    June  let. 
Means  for  Selectively  Opebatinc  One  ob  Sei'eral  of  a  Series  of  Electrical 

Devices.    A.  Schmid.    14,121.    June  17th. 
Electric  Induction  Heater  OR  Furnace.    A,  Helfenstein.    14,164.    June  17th. 

(June  16th.  1911.) 
Protective  Devices  fob  Electric  Circuits,    British  Thomson-Houston  Co. 

(General  Electric  Co.)     16,708.    July  17th. 
Electric  Therapeutic  Appliances  for  the  Soles  of  Boots,  Shoes  and  the 

Like.    G.  Wilson  and  C.  J.  Wilson.     16,758.    July  18th. 
ApPAR.iTU8T0R  Reihoducinc.  Undulatory  Electbio  Curbents.    J.  Schiessler. 

18,665.      August    14th.      (Convention    date    and    Patent    of    Addition    not 

granted.    Divided  application  on  No.  4,061  of  1912,  February  17th.) 
Contact  Devices  foe  CoNTRoi-tiNG  Points  or  Signals  on  Electbic  Tramways 

AND  THE  Like.    J.  J.  H.  W.  Weenen,  H,  W.  G.  J,  StoiTels  and  J.  B.  van 

derSprenkel.    19,1'60.    August  21st, 
Spark  Plugs.    J.  J.  Thompson.    20,248.    September  5th. 
Automatic  Electrically-operated  Elevators.    R.  Liljehlad  and  Akliebolaget 

Elevator.    23,918.    October  19th. 
Production^  of  High  fpfvcencv  Cirhents  adapted  for   Use    in   Wireless 

TFLEGBArHV  AND  TELEPHONY.     W.  1'.  Thoiiiptoii.    (Compagnie  Univetselle 

deTelegraiihieetde  Trlrphoiiie  Suns  Fil.)    24,9.S7.    October  Slst. 
Means  for   Electrically  Transmitting  and  Indicating    Obderb,    Signals, 

Information  ob  the  Like.    C.  J.  Evans.    26,694.    November  20th. 


1913. 

Means  foe  Reoulatino  the  Output  of  Dynamo-electric  Machines.    T.  W. 

Tattersall.     1,205.     Janaary  16th.  > 
Electbical    Resonance    Apparatus.      H.   W.   Handcock,    A.    H.  J)ykes  and 

W.  Duddell.    5,807.     March  3rd.    (Divided  application  on  No.  6,716  of  1912, 

March  19th.) 
Differehtiallv-wound    Compound    Dynamo-electric    Generators.      C.    P. 

Kettering.    B,6I5.    March  6th.    (May  22nd,  1911.     Divided  application  on' 

No.  8,794,  February  16th-) 


THLii 


H]IL,E10TI^I0.A.nLj    I^E^IE'VT'. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


APRIL  25,  1918. 


No.  1,84H. 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


EXHIBITIONS  AND  TRADR  EXPANSION. 


Vol.  LXXII.] 


CONTENTS :  April  25,  1918. 


(No.  1,818. 
Page 

...  «65 

...  f!66 

...  667 

...  667 

...  668 

...  668 

...  669 

...  670 

...  670 

...  671 

...  671 

...  671 

...  671 


Exhibitione  and  Trade  Expansion  

The  Importunity  of  Labour         

Nnnits  and  Abbns ■      ...         ...         ...         

The  Benevolent  Institution  

The  Mechanical  Design  of  Switches       

Notes  from  Canada  ... 
Correspondence : — 

Failure  to  Elxcite         ...         ^ 

Prospects  in  Eleotrical  Engineering-  

Salaries  and  Wapfea     

I.E.B.— Election  of  Council 

The  Preservation  of  Telegraph  Poles 

Electric  Laundry  Irons  

L.G.B.  Arithmetic       

Electrostatic  Capacity  and  Insulation  Resistance  Measured  by 

Direct-Reading  Methods  (iHiM.)  671 

Parliamentary  672 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (illus.')     673 

Legal 674 

Business  Notes         677 

The  Electricity  Works  of  1ro\ha.tta.n  QUus.)  (^concluded)        ...     685 

Notes 689 

City  Notes 691 

Market  Quotations 696 

Stocks  and  Shares 696 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies        697 

Exports  and  Imports  of  Electrical  Goods  during  March,  1913     699 

Import  Trade  Statistics  of  Switzerland 700 

Municipal  Electricity  in  Shanghai  700 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Electric  Supply  in  London  (illui.)  (j;oncluded)      701 

Standard  Clauses  for  Elec.  Lighting  Specifications  (jllug.')    703 
TheElectrical  Trades  Benevolent  Institution. — Festival  Dinner     706 

British  Trade  in  the  Russian  Far  East 707 

Foreign  and  Colonial  Tariffs  on  Electrical  Goods         708 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 708 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     708 

Contractors'  Column    ...   Advertisement  pages  xxvi,  rxviii  and  xxx 


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THE    UNIVERSAL    ELECTRICAL    DIRECTORY 

1913  EDITION. 


H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO,, 
4,  Ludg«t«  Hill,  London,  E.C, 


ro 


Wk  have  always  mtiintained  that  larj^e  international 
e.xhibitioim  formed  a  most  valuable  medium  for  the  exteiiBion 
of  trade  abroad  by  giving  manufacturers  an  opportunity  for 
introducing  their  goods  to  foreign  buyers,'  but  we  have  fully 
realised  that  the  non-e-xistence,  until  the  last  two  or  three 
years,  of  any  organisation  establif-hed  specifically  for  the 
purpose  of  arranging  British  exhibits  and  for  obtaining 
the  best  available  spaces,  often  made  it  difficult  for  firms 
to  take  part  in  such  exhibitions,  and,  in  any  case, 
detracted  from  their  ultimate  value. 

It  had  previously  been  the  cuptom,  when  any  large 
exhibition  was  proposed  abroad,  for  the  Government  to 
consider  whether  or  not  it  would  participate  officially.  If 
it  were  finally  decided  to  participate,  a  Royal  Commission 
was  appointed  to  arrange  the  British  section,  but  by  the 
time  the  Commission  had  been  actually  appointed  and  had 
got  to  work,  all  the  best  spaces  had  usually  been  taken  up 
by  other  countries.  Moreover,  the  absence  of  any  permanent 
policy  with  regard  to  exhibitions,  and  the  lack  of  experience 
of  previous  exhibitions  on  the  part  of  each  new  Com- 
mission, prevented  the  best  possible  results  being  secured 
to  each  individual  exhibitor  in  the  British  section. 

"We  consequently  welcomed  with  considerable  pleasure  the 
appointment  of  a  Royal  Commission  to  inquire  as  to  the 
nature  and  extent  of  the  benefit  accruing  to  British 
industries  from  the  participation  of  this  country  in  great 
international  exhibitions.  This  Commission  ultimately 
decided  that  it  was  essential  that  an  efficient  permanent 
organisation  should  be  created  to  act  on  behalf  of  British 
exhibitors  in  all  negotiations  with  foreign  exhibition  com- 
mittees. Customs  officials,  &c.,  and  to  render  them  such 
assistance  as  would  enable  them  to  show  their  goods  effectively 
at  International  Exhibitions  without  a  prohibitive  amount  of 
trouble  and  expense.  Such  work  could  only  be  properly 
performed  by  a  Government  Department,  and  it  is  one  more 
proof  of  the  Board  of  Trade's  recent  practical  interest  in  the 
extension  of  the  trade  of  this  country  that  it  should  so  readily 
have  formed  a  separate  branch,  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
U.  F.  Wintour,  to  carry  out  the  recommendations  of  the  Com- 
mission. That  this  Department  has  fully  justified  its 
formation,  even  in  so  short  a  time,  is  proved  by  a  report  we 
have  now  before  us  which  deals  with  the  work  of  the  Exhi- 
bitions Branch  in  connection  with  the  Exhibitions  at  Brussels, 
Rome  and  Turin. 

As  a  result  of  previous  experience  at  exhibitions,  British 
manufacturers  had  become  rather  apathetic  regarding  new 
departures  of  this  kind,  but  there  is  undoubted  evidence  that 
this  apathy  is  being  gradually  overcome.  In  the  report 
which  is  before  us-  the  Exhibitions  Branch  endeavours  to 
trace  the  commercial  results  which  have  accrued  to  British 
exhibitors  from  participation  in  the  Brussels  and  Turin 
Exhibitions  (the  exhibition  at  Rome  was  an  Art  Exhibition 
and  therefore  is  not  of  commercial  interest").  With  tb« 
object  of  ascertaining  these  results,  the  following  questions 
05] 


666 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [voi.  72.  no.  i,848,  apbil  25, 1913. 


were  eabmitted  to  all   British  exhibitors  at   Brussels  and 
Turin  :— 

1.  Have  yon  had,  op  to  the  present  time,  any  development  in 
your  buBineee  which  you  can  directly  or  indirectly  attribute  to  the 
Exhibition  at  Bmseele  (Turin)  .' 

2.  If  80,  can  you  ^ive  any  information  as  to  the  extent  or  value 
of  Buch  development .' 

3.  Have  the  sales  effected,  as  a  result  of  the  exhibition  of  your 
groode  at  Brussels  (Turin),  repaid  you  for  the  cost  of  exhibitinsr .' 

4.  Have  yon  any  observations  to  make  with  regard  to  any  improve- 
ment which  might  be  made  in  the  orfcanisation  of  British  exhibits 
at  future  exhibitions  ? 

The  tracing  of  "  results "  of  any  scheme  of  advertising 
is  by  no  means  an  easy  matter,  and  participation  in  an 
International  Exhibition,  like  other  forms  of  advertising,  may 
lead  to  results  which  it  is  very  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to 
trace.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind,  however,  that  abstention 
from  exhibiting  when  one's  competitors  are  showing  their 
goods  may  easily  lead  to  a  falling-off  in  sales,  so  that  even  if 
no  new  business  accrues  exhibiting  will  often  have  had  results. 
Experience  has  shown  that  even  in  the  cases  of  firms  with 
an  established  reputation  and  world-wide  connections 
attempts  to  discontinue  advertising  have  usually  been  followed 
by  a  diminution  in  the  sales  effected,  and  it  has  been  one  of 
the  chief  causes  of  Government  action  as  regards  foreign 
exhibitions  that  the  neglect  of  one  of  the  important  forms 
of  national  advertisement  would  be  equally  detrimental  to 
our  interests  as  a  manufacturing  country. 

The  individual  answers  received  to  the  above  questions 
were,  for  the  most  part,  of  a  satisfactory  character.  In  the 
case  of  the  Brussels  Exhibition.  32  per  cent,  of  the  ex- 
hibitors stated  that  their  exhibits  had  produced  good  tangible 
results.  A  further  33  per  cent,  of  the  exhibitors  indicate 
that  they  are  satisfied  with  the  result  of  their  exhibits, 
making  a  total  of  (J5  per  cent,  who  feel  that  their 
expenditure  in  this  form  of  advertising  has  not  been  mis- 
placed. Of  the  remaining  35  per  cent.,  the  great  majority 
simply  answered  the  questions  in  the  negative.  Of  all  the 
answers  received  relating  to  the  Brussels  Exhibition  only 
1 1  expressed  dissatisfaction,  and  four  of  these  were  from 
firms  who  had  sustained  heavy  losses  in  the  fire  which 
destroyed  the  greater  part  of  the  British  Section.  As 
regards  the  Turin  Exhibition,  the  results  reported  up  to  the 
present  are  not  so  good  as  in  the  case  of  Brussels,  but  the 
time  which  has  elapsed  since  this  Exhibition  is  hardly  suffi- 
cient to  allow  of  any  accurate  estimate  of  the  commercial 
results  which  are  likely  to  accrue.  The  Turin  Exhibition, 
as  a  whole,  also  suffered  from  adverse  circumstances,  and 
it  is  consequently  satisfactory  to  find  that  24  per  cent,  of 
the  exhibitors  reported  definite  tangible  results,  while  a 
further  30  per  cent,  reported  themselves  as  satisfied,  making 
54  per  cent,  in  all.  Replies  to  (Question  4  show  a  distinct 
desire  on  the  part  of  exhibitors  to  co-operate  with  the 
Board  of  Trade  in  increasing  the  efficiency  of  our  exhibi- 
tion work,  and  the  majority  of  the  exhibitors  from  whom 
replies  have  been  received  have  expressed  appreciation  of 
the  manner  in  which  the  organisation  of  the  British  sections 
was  carried  ont  and  of  the  services  performed  on  their 
behalf. 

Taking  the  statistical  showing  at  its  face  value,  res-ults 
may  therefore  be  taken  to  be  eminently  satisfactory,  particu- 
larly so  having  in  view  the  short  time  during  which  the 
Exhibitions  Branch  has  been  at  work.  Moreover,  we  are 
disposed  to  think  that  the  Exhibitions  Branch  is  too  modest 
in  the  conclusions  it  draws  from  these  statistics.  Our  ex- 
perience goes  to  show  that  the  British  commercial  com- 
munity is  not  too  prodigal  of  its  praise,  particularly  where 
any  Government  institution  is  concerned,  and  is  all  too  ready 
to  complain  on  the  slightest  provocation.  We  therefore 
think  that  the  work  of  the  Board  of  Trade  in  connection 
with  these  Exhibitions  is  even  more  fruitful  of  results  than 
the  reports  from  exhibitors  would  lead  one  to  believe.  We 
trust  that  the  wish  is  not  father  to  the  thought. 

If  we  might  offer  criticism  at  such  an  early  stage  in  the 
Board  of  Trade's  active  work  in  exhibitions,  it  would  be 
that  initiative  might  be  displayed  in  organising  independent 
exhibitions,  as  well  as  in  participating  in  foreign  exhibitions 
of  the  type  of  those  at  Turin  and  Brussels.  Taking  these 
two  exhibitions  as  fairly  representative,  our  criticism  is  that 
there  are  other  countries  than  Italy  and  Belgium  whose  trade 
is  much  more  important  to  us.  and  where  an  exhibition  of 


British  goods  would  have  much  greater  results  in  actual 
sales ;  there  is  a  very  urgent  need  for  manufacturers  to 
introduce  their  goods  on  these  markets  by  ocular  display,  and 
permanent,  or  even  temporary,  exhibitions  organised  by  the 
Board  of  Trade  would,  we  think,  meet  with  support  that  has 
not  been  forthcoming  "when  such  exhibitions  have  been 
privately  arranged  or  mooted.  In  South  and  Central 
America,  in  Egypt,  in  Kussia,  in  our  own  self-governing 
Dominions,  to  name  only  a  few  of  the  countries  where  our 
trade  might  be  greatly  increased,  such  exhibitions  intelli- 
gently organised  would,  we  are  sure,  have  incalculable  results. 
We  offer  the  suggestion  for  what  it  is  worth  ;  if  it  has 
already  been  considered  we  commend  it  for  further  con- 
sideration, confident  that  U  carried  out  its  effect  on  our 
trade  would  be  tremendous.  Meantime  we  appreciate  the 
work  already  being  done,  and  urge  manufacturers  to  co- 
operate. They  may  not  find  everything  as  they  wish,  we 
have  heard  that  they  have  not,  but  obviously  the  Exhibitions 
Branch  is  prepared  to  consider  their  suggestions  for  im- 
proxement,  and  is  certainly  already  supplying  a  want  that 
has  been  badly  felt  for  many  years. 

While  dealing  with  this  question  of  exhibitions  and  trade 
extension,  we  may  refer  to  another  scheme  of  exhibition 
^rork  recently  developed  by  the  Board  of  Trade  in  collecting 
samples  of  foreign  goods  selling  in  markets  abroad,  and 
placing  them  before  British  manufacturers  of  similar  lines  of 
goods.  This  work,  which  has  up  to  the  present  been  done 
by  the  Commercial  Intelligence  Branch,  is  extremely  valuable, 
and  is  capable  of  much  greater  development.  Perhaps  it  is 
not  too  much  to  hope  that  before  long  we  shall  have  under 
Government  control  a  thoroughly  organised  and  efficient 
scheme  of  sample  bureaux,  both  abroad  for  the  display  of 
British  goods,  and  at  home  for  the  display  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful foreign  goods  which  compete  with  our  own  on  markets 
abroad.  One  actual  sample  is  worth  reams  of  description,  and 
it  seems  to  us  that  along  this  line  the  Board  of  Trade  may 
safely  hope  to  give  even  more  active  support  to  British  trade 
than  is  already  forthcoming.  We  are,  of  course,  aware  that 
any  comprehensive  scheme  of  this  kind  must  entail  con- 
siderable cost,  but  we  maintain  that  this  increase  in  expendi- 
ture will  be  fully  justified  by  a  large  increase  of  trade,  and 
a  consequent  improvement  in  the  general  prosperity  of  the 
country  as  a  whole. 


THE   IMPOKTUNITY   OF   LABOUR. 


It  has  always  been  prophesied  by  those  who  have  had 
experience  of  the  methods  of  the  Labour  Party  that  they 
would  never  be  tatisfied  with  the  recent  Act  passed  to 
reverse  the  famous  Osborne  Judgment.  They  regard  that 
as  but  a  step  in  the  great  stairway  of  industrial  reform 
which  is  to  lead  up  to  a  kind  of  worker's  paradise.  The 
so-called  representatives  of  the  working  man  in  the  political 
world  are  now  engaged  in  the  task  of  "  pressing  for  further 
legislation." 

This  is  a  policy  which  offers  many  attractions.  It  pro- 
duces the  maximum  of  advertisement  witli  the  minimum  of 
result.  The  pressure  exerted  must,  of  course,  be  nicely 
adjusted.  On  the  one  hand,  it  must  not  be  eo  great  bs 
to  involve  the  leaders  of  labour  in  an  open  breach  with  the 
existing  Administration,  or  the  existing  Administration  in 
defeat.  That  would  never  do.  It  would  be  "killing  iLe 
goose  "  in  more  senses  than  one.  On  the  other  hand,  iLc 
pressure  must  be  such,  and  must  be  so  applied,  as  to  secure 
as  much  notoriety  as  possible.  The  workers  who  read  the 
halfpenny  papers  up  and  down  the  country  must  be  told  that 
their  trusted  representatives  in  jwlitics  are  labouring  in  their 
interest.  Picsolutious  must  be  passed  at  Congresses  ;  these 
resolutions  must  be  carried  with  all  due  pomp  and  circum- 
stance (and  expense)  by  influential  deputations  to  Cabinet 
Ministers  assembled  at  Whitehall.     It  is  thus  that  the  pro- 


Vol.72.    No.  1,H|M,  Ai'uii.  2r<,  i;m:). 


TlfKi    KLKCTllKAL    KKVIIIW, 


01 


letariat  arc  persuaded  to  believe  tliat  so  iiiiicli  ol'  the  'I'radc 
riiion  funds  as  is  subscribed  tor  party  purposes  is  beiii^ 
advantageously  expended. 

A  favourable  example  of  this  up-to-date  form  of  propa- 
ganda has  recently  been  brought  into  prominence.  It 
took  tlie  form  of  a  deputation  from  the  Parliamentary 
Committee  of  the  Trade  Union  Congress  to  Mr.  McKenna 
at  the  Home  Office  on  April  8th.  The  object,  apparently, 
was  to  draw  the  attention  of  the  Home  Secretary  to  certain 
resolutions  passed  at  the  recent  Congress  at  Newport.  The 
whole  process  rather  reminds  us  of  the  archaic  practice 
among  European  Monarchies,  whereby,  months  after  the 
demise  of  a  Crowned  Head,  a  state  official  is  sent  to 
"announce  "  the  death.  The  deputation  mentioned  25 
resolutions,  each  one  of  which  would  require  (according  to 
the  Home  Secretary)  to  be  dealt  with  by  legislation.  Let 
U8  mention  a  few  of  these  at  random  : — Total  provision  for 
the  blind ;  closing  of  factories  and  workshops  over  the 
week-end  ;  prohibition  of  deductions  from  wages  and  the 
imposition  of  fines  ;  provision  of  means  whereby  a  magistrate 
can  pay  a  cab-driver  reasonable  expenses  incurred  in  dis- 
covering a  delinquent  fare  ;  and  amendment  of  the  Work- 
men's Compensation  Act  so  as  to  compel  employers  to 
insure. 

According  to  the  report  in  the  Times,  these  are  some  of 
the  topics  dwelt  upon  by  the  deputation.  The  same  journal 
reports  the  Home  Secretary  as  having  said  : — 

"  He  would  only  have  been  too  glad  to  have  introduced 
Bills  on  every  one  of  the  topics  which  had  been  raised,  but 
there  would  not  be  the  slightest  chance  of  being  able  to  get 
thi'ough  more  than  a  tithe  of  them." 

We  can  well  imagine  Mr.  McKenna,  hand  on  heart, 
saying  in  a  spirit  of  the  utmost  conciliation  :  "  I  and  my 
colleagues  have  the  inclination  to  confer  these  boons,  but  the 
exigencies  of  time  prevent  us."  With  similar  candour  did 
Mr.  Spenlow  declare,  on  his  honour,  that  he  would  return 
willingly  David  Copperfield's  premium,  "  but  he  had  a 
partner — Mr.  Jorkins." 

We  do  not  say  for  a  moment  that  some  of  the  suggestions 
put  forward  by  this  "  deputation  "  did  not  fully  deserve  to  be 
placed  in  the  limbo  of  things  for  which  there  is  no  Parlia- 
mentary time.  Take,  for  instance,  the  ridiculous  proposal  that 
factories  and  workshops  should  be  closed  over  the  week-end. 
How  could  the  business  of  a  great  manufacturing  community 
be  conducted  under  such  conditions  r 

In  the  brief  abstract  of  the  proceedings  which  we  haxe 
been  able  to  consult,  it  appears  that  Mr.  McKenna  was  loud 
in  his  expression  of  sympathy,  but  very  careful  not  to 
commit  himself  or  the  Cabinet  to  any  active  step.  That, 
as  it  seems  to  us,  is  exactly  what  the  Labour  Party  want — 
accept  legislation  whenever  it  pleases  the.  Government  of  the 
day  to  pass  it,  but  by  no  means  use  threats  or  become 
aggressive  if  you  do  not  obtain  it. 

The  reappearance  in  the  House  of  Commons  of  the  Old 
Dog  in  a  new  doublet — the  Minimum  Wage  resolution — is 
another  example  of  what  we  have  ventured  to  call  the 
importunity  of  labour.  Notwithstanding  the  teachings  of 
experience  this  same  old  ridiculous  resolution  makes  its 
appearance  year  after  year.  It  is  rather  surprising  to  find, 
too,  that  it  is  meeting  with  support  in  quarters  where  opinion 
ought  to  be  better  informed.  Space  does  not  admit  of  our 
dealing  at  length  with  this  question  ;  but  there  is  one  point 
we  should  like  to  make.  It  is  that  the  minimum  or  living 
wage  must  necessarily  be  based  on  the  cost  of  living  for  the 
time  being.  If  that  cost  is  increased,  the  so-called  minimum 
must  be  increased.      It  follows  that  even  if  a  minimum 


wug<:  of   ;i()H.    were  guarunttfl  Uj  every   worker  thm  year, 

a   few  years   hence,  when  the  price  of  the  loaf   had  gon« 

u[),    the  cry  would  be    heard    for    an    amendment   of   the 
minimum  wage. 


Tin:  modern  craze  for  abbreviation,  and 

Nanitsand      .u     •       .•  n  r       i     ••  ,_ 

Alil  n  insatiable    patsion    for  devising   new 

units  and  systems  of  unit«,  have  lately 
given  rise  to  a  serious  outbreak  on  the  Continent,  to  say 
nothing  of  tlie  isolated  but  equally  sad  cam  in  the  United 
States  to  which  we  recently  drew  attention.  The  disease 
aupears  to  resemble  influenza  in  that  the  germ  or  Bj)ore  or 
whatever  it  be  that  disseminates  the  plague  leaps  over  vast 
distances,  leading  to  epidemics  which  appear  to  be  f|uite 
independent,  and  that  a  single  attack  by  no  means  safe- 
guards the  victim  from  a  recurrence,  but  rather  renders  him 
more  susceptible  than  ever  to  the  complaint.  From  the 
boiled-down  title  of  this  essay  on  "New  T'nits  and  .Ab- 
breviations "  may  be  gathered  some  idea  of  the  ftarfnl 
prospect  that  would  lie  before  us,  should  the  virus  attack 
the  literature  as  well  as  the  technical  terminology  of  our 
time.  What  is  the  matter  with  the  people  who  are 
constantly  trying  to  foist  upon  a  patient  but  sorely-tried 
world  new  and  superfluous  symbols  and  abbreviations  ?  It 
cannot  be  want  of  time  to  use  the  longer  but  obvious  and 
customary  forms,  for  the  time  they  expend  on  elaborating 
and  learning  the  new  hieroglyphs  would  far  more  than 
swallow  up  the  time  they  might  save  by  using  these.  One 
dare  not  suggest  that  it  is  nothing  but  laziness,  whatever  one 
may  think  :  and  therefore  one  is  at  a  loss  for  a  plausible 
explanation  of  this  particular  mental  twist. 

Our  comments  are  prompted  by  a  recent  report  of  certain 
very  eminent  German  Societies  advocating  the  use  of  a  set 
of  abbreviations  which  we  give  on  another  page  —  not 
because  we  approve  of  them  in  the  least,  but  for  the  in- 
formation of  readers  who  may  come  across  them  in  (ierman 
writings  and  will  naturally  be  at  a  loss  to  translate  them 
without  this  little  glossary.  We  had  thought  of  criticising 
the  separate  items,  but,  indeed,  as  Beatrice  said  of  Benedick's 
bad  parts,  they  maintain  "  so  politic  a  state  of  evil,  that 
they  will  not  admit  any  good  part  to  intermingle  with  them." 
We  therefore  will  merely  invite  our  readers  to—"  Look  at 
them  !  "  

OiR  hearty  congratulations  are  due  to  the 

''^''*  ^«"^\**'*"*  Electrical  Trades   Benevolent   Institution 
Institution.  ,  „  ,        ^     ,      ,.     ■     , 

on   the    excellent    result    of   the  festival 

dinner,  no  less  a  sum  than  £854  having  been  added  to  the 
funds.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  more  than  half  this  amount 
was  largely  due  to  the  personal  efforts  of  the  chairman,  Mr. 
George  Sutton,  who  has  thrown  himself  into  the  work  with 
an  amount  of  Zealand  energy  worthy  of  the  beneficent  objects 
of  the  Institution,  and  has  set  a  splendid  example  to  future 
chairmen,  not  only  in  this  respect,  but  also  in  his  admirably 
conceived  address  in  commending  the  Institution  to  the 
favourable  regard  of  his  audience  at  the  dinner.  His 
obviously  sincere  and  heartfelt  appeal  should  bear 
good  fruit — and,  indeed,  it  has  already  done  so,  as 
evidenced  by  the  generous  offer  of  3Ir.  E.  Byng  to  con- 
tribute £100  to  the  funds  if  nine  others  would 
do  likewise.  Two  such  donors  have  already  been 
found,  in  the  persons  of  Mr.  Sutton  himself  (whose 
large  donation,  as  well  as  that  of  his  firm,  bears  witness  to 
the  earnestness  of  his  convictions)  and  of  Mr.  Hugo  Hirst ; 
and  we  trust  that  the  remaining  seven  will  come  forward 
well  within  the  specified  limit  of  three  months.  As  we  go 
to  press,  we  learn  with  pleasure  that  Mr.  E.  Garcke  will  make 
a  fourth  donor  of  £100.  We  hope  to  add  the  other  six 
names  in  our  next  issue. 

We  should  like  to  direct  particular  attention  to  the 
chairman's  remarks  on  the  subject  of  donations  from 
limited  companies.  As  he  pointed  out,  the  welfare  of 
employes  undoubtedly  falls  within  the  legitimate  range  of 
a  public  company,  and  at  a  time  like  the  present,  when 
trade  is  flourishing,  there  ought  not  to  be  the  slightest 
hesitation  on  the  part  of  boards  of  directors  in  performing 
their  duty  in  this  respect. 


668 


THE    ELECTRICAL    BEVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,848,  Apbil  25,  1913 


THE   MECHANICAL   DESIGN   OF  SWITCHES. 


Bt  a.  R.  C.  JENKS,  A.C.G.I. 


Electric  driving  of  mechanical  engineering  works — 
genefally  by  direct  current — is  now  almost  universal,  and 
even  a  moderate-sized  works  may  have  in  its  equipment 
several  hundred  motors,  supplying  power  for  the  large 
machines  independently,  the  smaller  ones  in  groups,  and  the 
various  auxiliaries,  such  as  cranes,  air  compressions,  pumps, 
&c.  Each  of  these  motors  is  controlled  by  its  own  starting 
and  operating  switches,  which  are  at  the  mercy  of  the  men 
working  the  machines,  who  do  not  understand  them  and 
cannot  be  expected  to  appreciate  their  niceties.  It  is,  there- 
fore, surprising  that  the  design  of  the  majority  of  switches  is 
still  mechanically  so  imperfect,  when  the  treatment  they  are 
likely  to  receive  is  considered.  Improvements  constantly 
tend  in  the  direction  of  making  them  electrically  rather  than 
mechanically  fool-proof  ;  but  this  tendency  is  bound  to  lead 
to  increased  complications  and  therefore  increased  possibilities 
of  mechanical  breakdown. 

In  the  most  common  type  of  starting  switches — viz.,  the 
flat-segment  type — the  contacts  and  contact  arm  are  mounted 
on  a  slate,  marble,  or  composition  base,  and  owing  to  the 
hard  and  non-resilient  nature  of  these  substances,  it  is 
diflScult  to  prevent  the  small  nuts  and  screws  fixing  the 
moving  parts  from  becoming  loose  under  the  continuous  rough 
usage  to  which  the  switch  is  subject ;  moreover,  if  it  is  of 
the  open  type  most  of  the  wear  and  tear  is  taken  entirely  by 
the  base.  In  this  respect  the  ironclad  or  protected  type  has 
the  advantage,  as  the  casing  relieves  the  base  of  the 
mechanical  strains ;  but  this  type  is  less  accessible  for  repairs 
and  is  very  heavy  to  take  down  and  replace. 

The  chief  fault  of  this  simple  starting  switch  is  that  it  is 
easy  to  operate  it  too  rapidly.  This  difficulty  has  been  over- 
come in  one  design  by  moving  the  contact  arm  indirectly 
through  a  worm  reducing  gear  by  means  of  a  second  shaft 
to  which  the  handle  is  connected.  This  is,  on  paper,  an 
excellent  idea,  but  practically  the  worm  and  worm  wheel  are 
not  made  nearly  robust  enough  and  consequently  both  are  soon 
stripped.  Another  disadvantage  is  that  the  arrangements 
for  holding  the  handle  or  worm  in  gear  when  starting,  and 
releasing  them  when  the  arm  is  full  over.  Ere  not  satis- 
factory. In  order  to  stop  the  motor  and  return  the  arm  to 
the  starting  position,  a  neat  little  button  is  provided  to  short- 
circuit  the  no- volt  coil  ;  often,  however,  the  arm  sticks  and 
will  not  release  itself,  and  as  it  cannot  be  "  assisted  "  from 
outside  the  casing,  banging  and  jolting  are  resorted  to, until 
it  goes  back. 

When  overload  releases  are  fitted  they  are  also  a  source  of 
weakness.  Their  parts  are  generally  small ;  and,  as  they 
ought  to  go  for  months  without  operating,  they  are  liable  to 
get  stuck,  owing  to  gummy  oil  and  grit  in  the  joints  of  their 
mechanism.  When  a  short  does  occur,  and  it  is  essential 
that  they  should  act,  they  cannot  be  depended  upon  to 
operate  within  50  per  cent.,  or  even  100  per  cent.,  of  the 
current  set  for  ;  and  since  they  usually  cut  out  by  short- 
circuiting  the  no-volt  coil,  they  are  open  to  the  same 
objection  as  the  push-button  for  stopping. 

The  strongest  and  most  reliable  controller  is  the  drum 
type  universally  used  for  service  motors  on  traction  work 
and  cranes.  The  drum  is  well  supported  and  protected 
from  mechanical  damage  by  the  very  rigid  casing.  Unless, 
however,  the  "  notching  "  gear  and  spring  are  amply  strong 
and  well  designed,  it  is  possible  to  stop  the  drnm  between 
notches,  causing  much  damage  to  the  fingers  through  con- 
tinual arcing.  The  advantages  of  this  type  as  regards 
durability  are  becoming  more  widely  appreciated,  and  a 
modified  form — the  pillar-type  controller — is  being  in- 
creasingly used  for  machine-tool  motors. 

Another  point  which,  though  not  strictly  concerned  with 
mechanical  design,  might  be  noted,  is  that  it  is  abso- 
lutely essential  that  proper  "  inching  gear  "  shonld  be  pro- 
vided for  obtaining  the  very  small  movements  often  required 
when  setting  machines  or  taking  out  work.  It  should  be 
possible  to  obtain  ju^t  as  small  a  movement  with  the  machine 
light  as  when  it  is  fully  loaded. 

Main  switches  with  intricate  toggle  joints  are  liable  to 
fiv«  trouble  when  the  joint-pins  begin  to  wear  ;    this  occur!* 


fairly  quickly,  as  they  are  generally  too  small  and  do  not 
receive  much  attention  in  the  way  of  lubrication.  It  is, 
however,  scarcely  possible  to  avoid  these  joints  when  heavy 
currents  have  to  be  broken  by  trip-gear  incorporated  with 
the  switch. 

Although,  therefore,  the  "fool-proof"  ideal  appears  attrac- 
tive, advances  in  this  direction  can  usually  be  obtained  only 
at  a  sacrifice  of  mechanical  simplicity,  and  this  sacrifice  is 
often  too  great.  When  the  time  lost  during  the  course  of 
a  year  through  continual  small  delays  caused  by  defects  in 
switches  is  considered,  it  pajs  the  user  to  insist  on  ample 
strength  and  simple  design,  thus  ensuring  that,  instead  of 
being  generally  defective,  they  will  always  be  in  good  order. 
Reliance  will  have  to  be  placed  for  protection  from  damage 
on  fuses  only,  but  these  cannot  easily  go  wrong,  and  wilful 
tampering  can  be  avoided  by  enforcing  severe  penalties  and 
by  placing  them  under  lock  and  key.  It  must  be  constantly 
borne  in  mind  that  the  machinist  regards  his  switches  more 
or  less  in  the  same  light  as  he  regards  his  epannei s,  and 
treats  them  with  about  the  same  amount  of  consideration. 
Any  extra  expense  to  the  user  on  heavier  switches  is  likely 
to  be  amply  repaid  by  reduction  of  lost  time  and  of  repair 
costs. 


NOTES    FROM    CANADA. 


[feoji  oue  special  coreespondekt.] 


The  Westminster  B.C.  Power  Co.  is  preparing  plans  for  a 
large  hydro-electric  plant  on  the  Indian  River.  The  idea 
is  to  utilise  a  number  of  small  streams  at  high  elevation, 
and  run  pipes  down  to  the  power  house  :  the  effective  head 
of  water  will  be  about  1,800  ft. 

The  development  of  some  30,000  h.p.  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Rivers  Nicolum  and  Coquahalla,  in  British  Columbia, 
is  also  contemplated  by  another  concern. 

The  British  Columbia  Electric  Railway  Co.  are  building  a 
large  receiving  station,  which  will  contain  four  sets  of  trans- 
formers, each  having  a  total  capacity  of  36,000  Kw.,  stepping 
down  from  60,000  volts  to  11,000  volts. 

Two  towns  in  Western  Canada,  Vernon  in  British 
Columbia,  and  Canora  in  Saskatchewan,  have  recently  put 
into  operation  Diesel  engines  driving  generators,  and  as  this 
type  of  plant  appears  to  be  particularly  suited  to  the  needs 
of  many  of  the  small,  but  growing,  towns  of  the  West,  the 
performance  of  the  plants  already  started  will,  no  doubt,  be 
watched  with  interest  and,  if  successful,  other  similar  in- 
stallations are  certain  to  follow. 

Strathmore,  Alberta,  will  probably  have  an  electric  light 
plant  soon,  as  a  company  proposes  to  install  two  65- h.p. 
producer-gas  engines  to  drive  two  35-Kw.  alternators, 
together  with  necessary  transformers,  lamps,  meters,  &c. 

The  Hydro-Electric  Power  Commission  of  Ontario  intends 
to  advertise  almost  immediately  for  tenders  for  the  construc- 
tion of  a  transmission  line  to  Windsor  from  the  main  switch- 
ing station  at  Dundas.  The  routes  have  not  yet  been 
decided  upon,  although  four  different  ones  are  under  con- 
sideration. The  cost  will  amount  to  several  million  dollars, 
and  all  the  towns  along  the  route  will  be  supplied  with  elec- 
tricity. Tenders  are  also  to  be  invited  for  material  for  the 
construction  of  transmission  lines  from  Cannington  to 
Beaverton,  from  Berlin  to  Elmira,  from  Clinton  to  Goderich, 
and  from  Brantford  to  Paris.  The  cost  of  material  for 
these  extensions  will  be  about  .?2,000,000. 

The  Manitoba  Government  is  erecting  an  experimental 
station  at  Estevan  with  the  object  of  demonstrating  the 
commercial  possibilities  of  lignite.  It  is  said  that  the  matter 
of  installing  a  large  power  plant  near  Estevan  is  now  being 
considered  by  New  York  financiers,  who  will  furnish  the 
necessary  capital  immediately  the  feasibility  of  the  scheme 
has  been  proved  by  the  tests. 


International    Conicrfss  of  fold. — Papers  offered  to 

be  read  at  the  Conjtresg  in  the  United  States  in  September  next 
should  be  Bent  as  won  as  possible  to  the  Secretary,  iSI,  South 
Dearborn  Street,  Ohloago,  F.fi.A, 


▼oi,  78.  No.  I.I48.  Ana  98,  mi]      THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


669 


OORRK8PONDKNOK. 

/Mt«ri  rtoHvtd  by  ut  after  6  P.M.  ON  TUESDAT  cannot  appear  until 
the  following  week.  CorreivondeTUt  thould  forward  their  oavimuni- 
cations  at  the  earlieit  poitible  nioment.  No  letter  can  be  published 
unlet*  we  have  the  writer'i  name  arid  addrett  in  our  poiieition. 


Failure  to  Excite. 

Without  goin^'  more  closely  than  necessary  into  coiisideru- 
tioiis  of  shunt-dynamo  "  no-load  characteristics,"  I  think  the 
following  will  suHice  to  explain  the  failure  to  excite  of  the 
small  machine  under  mention. 

The  curves  shown  may  be  assumed,  primarily,  to  indicate 
the  behaviour  of  a  separately  excited  dynamo  under  no-load 
conditions. 

o  s,  which  is  a  straight  line,  shows  the  variation  of  volts 
across  the  shunt  coils,  effected  by  varying  the  current  round 
same,  their  resistance  being  assumed  constant.  Consistent 
with  these  field  currents,  and  the  speed  at  which  the  dynamo 
is  running,  the  curve  o  c  may  be  taken  to  represent,  for 
illustrative  purposes,  the  manner  in  which  the  e.m.f.  of  the 
armature  under  mention  varies. 

Now,  a  consideration  of  these  two  curves  will  show  that 
for  the  machine  to  be  self-exciting,  it  must  be,  so  to  speak, 
self-sustaining  :  in  other  words,  the  aforementioned  curves 
must  cut  (or  coincide)  definitely,  as  shown,  for  instance,  by 
0  A  at  H. 

A  reference  to  o  D  will  show  the  almost  negligible  drop 
due  to    the  passage  of    the    shunt   current   through    the 


AMPS.       EXCITING     CURRENT 


armature.  This  small  drop  is  allowed  for  on  the  curve  o  a, 
by  plotting  a  portion  of  the  terminal  voltage  curve,  which 
cuts  0  s  in  E,  just  underneath. 

Here  we  have  an  equilibrium  of  all  conditions  :  the 
machine  is  able,  when  driven  at  the  speed  to  which  this 
E.M.F.  curve  corresponds,  to  generate  from  its  self -produced 
field  -  flu.x  an  e.m.f.  sufficient  to  overcome  the  small 
armature  resistance,  and  urge  the  necessary  current  to  main- 
tain this  flux  round  the  field  coils  ;  this  is  the  complete 
cycle. 

It  is  possible  under  certain  conditions— for  instance,  at  too 
low  a  speed,  other  factors  remaining  constant — for  the  two 
curves  practically  to  coincide  for  quite  a  considerable  dis- 
tance (see  0  to  X  on  sketch).  Where  this  is  the  case,  the 
machine  may  assume  any  voltage  along  the  line  of  approxi- 
mate coincidence,  since  a  momentary  variation  of  any  one  of 
the  prevailing  equalising  conditions  may  make  the  two  curves 
exactly  coincide  somewhere  along  o  x.  I  have  noted  prac- 
tical instances  where  shunt  generators  have  shown  this 
erratic  behaviour. 

Without  going  further  into  detail,  I  suggest  that  either, 
or  a  combination,  of  the  following  more  or  less  quickly 
attained  methods  will  suflBce  to  make  the  machine  self- 
exciting  : — 


(fl)  Probably  the  rao«t  eailly  adopted  ;— Connect  the  field 
coils  in  parallel,  and  include  an  external  reHinLancc  in  circuit 
with  these  to  cut  down  the  current  to  itu  \>Tu\)tT  value. 


(/y)   Increase  the  magnetic  flux  b^   !e«s*;ning  the  air  gap«, 
1  careful  packing  at  tli 
{(■)  Rai8(!  the  KfMied. 


by  careful  packing  at  the  backs  of  t 


y   \cMV.x 
,he  pole 


pieces. 


i'ersonally,  I  tliink  a  geparately  excited  field,  or  W)me 
form  of  permanent  excitation,  would  be  the  more  snitable 
to  employ,  since  the  calibration  of  the  scale  would  then  h>e 
practically  uniform  over  its  whole  range,  and  the  disadvan- 
tage of  what  may  be  broadly  termed  a  critirjil  speed  of 
excitation  (other  factors  remaining  constant)  avoided. 

In  conclusion,  it  may  be  worth  while  noting  that  a  bad 
connection  in  the  shunt  circuit,  as  suggested  by  Mr.  C.  V. 
Poake,  would  cause  the  curve  o  s  to  rise  more  abruptly  than 
it  should  do  ;  hence,  no  cutting  of  the  curves  would  occur, 
and  failure  to  excite  would  be  the  result. 

W.  T.  Hilder,  (Irad.I.E.E., 
Mains  Sujierinlc'ident. 

Aberdare,  Glam., 
April  nth,   1913. 


I  have  been  reading  with  interest  the  answers  to 
"  Speedometer's  "  letter  in  your  issue  of  the  4th  inst. 

When  in  India  I  often  had  dynamos  to  deal  with  which 
failed  to  excite,  evidently  through  being  knocked  about  in 
transit.  In  most  cases  there  was  sufficient  residual  mag- 
netism to  attract  a  needle  suspended  by  a  fine  thread,  so 
that  having  found  the  polarity  it  was  easy  enongh  to  pass 
a  small  current  through  from  a  battery  or  other  source. 
Where  there  was  no  evidence  of  any  magnetism  at  all,  it  was 
simp'y  a  case  of  magnetising  to  suit  the  direction  of  motion 
required,  or  of  altering  the  leads  if  it  did  fail  to  excite. 

There  was,  however,  one  motor  which  I  could  never  get 
to  work  as  a  dynamo.  I  had  every  connection  thoroughly 
cleaned,  and  ran  the  machine  first  in  one  direction  and  then 
in  another,  with  no  result  whatever.  It  worked  easily  enough 
as  a  motor,  and  when  run  separately  excited,  behaved  in 
much  the  same  way  as  "  Speedometer's  " — that  is,  I  could 
not  get  it  to  give  the  maximum  voltage.  In  both  these 
cases  there  was  sparking  at  the  brushes.  This  could  not  be 
remedied  by  altering  the  lead.  The  brushes  were 
diametrically  opposite  (it  was  a  bipolar  machine). 

The  armature  was  drum  wound  with  wire  of  rectangular 

section,  and  to  avoid  the  sharp  curve  at  the  back,  the  coils 

were  in  two  halves,  and  the  wires  soldered  together  with  a 

copper  clamp.     There  was  evidently  a  weak  joint  here  which 

I  was  unable  to  discover,  small  in  itself,  but  of  high  enough 

resistance  to  impede  the  small  currents  at  the  start  off.     1 

should  not  be  surprised  if  "  Speedometer's  "  motor  is  one  of 

a  similar  make,  and  should  be  glad  to  hear  from  him  if 

this  is  so. 

E.  G.  Lazarus. 

New  Moston,  Manchester. 

[Regarding  the  "  magnetising  to  suit  the  direction  of 
motion  required,"  our  correspondent  presumably  means  the 
polarity  required  ;  the  direction  of  magnetisation  has  nothing 
to  do  with  the  direction  of  motion  of  a  self-excited  dynamo. 
— Eds.  Elec.  Rev.] 


With  reference  to  "  Speedometer's  "  letter  on  the  above 
subject  in  your  issue  of  April  4th,  if  he  finds  that  all  the 
suggestions  given  up  to  the  present  are  of  no  avail,  I  think 
it  is  very  probable  that  the  trouble  is  caused  by  the  mica 
insulation,  between  the  commutator  segments,  being  too 
high.  If  he  gets  a  fine  saw  and  takes  a  little  off  the  insu- 
lation all  round  the  commutator.  I  fancy  he  will  find  that 
the  machine  will  then  excite.  I  know  of  several  cases,  with 
low-voltage  machines,  where  this  has  been  the  cause  of  the 

trouble. 

H.  Orford. 

Kidderminster,  Ainil  21  st,  1913. 


I  should  like  to  say,  in  reply  to  "  Speedometer "  on 
the  above  subject,  that  I  had  a  similar  experience 
with  a  low-voltage  self-e.xciting  dynamo  failinir  to  excite. 
After  testing  all  connections,  I  found  the  trouble  was  due  to 


670 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW, 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,848,  April  l'5,  1913. 


Imiil  mica  liavint:  risen  above  tbe  commutator  segment", 
causing  a  bad  contact ;  and  after  cutting  down  tbe  mica 
and  cleaning  up  tbe  commuUitor.  tbe  dynamo  ran  quite  satis- 
factorily. I  may  liere  mentiou  tliat  wben  tbe  djnamo  was 
separately  excited  and  folly  loaded,  it  sparked  sligbtly,  tbis 
being  due  to  tbe  bad  contact  between  brushes  and  coramntator 
before  mentioned,  and  would  not  •rive  its  correct  voltage. 


Cambuslang.  A /'HI  2lv/,  rjl;}. 


E.  Wells. 


Prospects  in  Eleclrical  Engineering. 

I  agree  with  Mr.  Ebben's  letter  on  tbe  above  subject.  It 
is  true  that,  generally  speaking,  one  of  tbe  most  interesting 
sections  of  the  Elkctrh  ai,  Kkvikw  is  tbe  "Situations 
N'acant  ■'  column,  but  it,  is,  at  the  same  time,  the  most 
lamentable. 

In  my  opinion,  central  station  engineers  can  be  divided 
irrtro  three  classes: — Those  who  eagerly  look  forward  to  tbe  day 
when  the  Electricai,  Revikw  is  obtainable,  and  who  peruse 
it  generally  :  those  who  can  almost  turn  to  tbe  •'  Situations 
Vacant"  columns  blindfolded,  and  whose  interest  in  the 
liKViKW  begins  and  ends  there  :  and  those  who  never  even 
look  at  it  at  all. 

Almost  invariably  one  can  on  taking  up  a  copy  of  the 
Ei.Ei  TRiCAL  Keview,  wbich  is  undoubtedly  tbe  pioneer 
paper  not  only  for  reading  matter,  but  for  positions  adver- 
tised, laugh  at  central  station  engineers. 

Take,  for  instance,  this  weeks  issue  (April  11th)  :  An 
arc  lamp  trimmer  is  requested  at  a  wage  of  27s.  per  week, 
and  tbe  same  firm  requires  a  junior  shift  engineer  at  a 
salary  of  i'83.  The  fortunate  engineer  who  gets  the  position 
will  Ije  presumably  from  25  to  30  years  of  age,  have  served 
bis  apprenticeship,  studied  at  a  technical  school,  worked  for 
years  at  a  salary  of  a  few  shillings  per  week  in  order  to  gain 
experience.  He  will  have  to  take  on  a  position  of  responsi- 
bility, very  probably  work  seven  shifts,  including  night  shift, 
which  only  tends  to  break  up  a  man's  constitution  and 
■shorten  bis  days,  also  Sundays  and  Bauk  Holidays,  ■kc,  and 
will  be  subject  to  almost  unbearable  beat  and  din  and  risk 
of  tlie  engine  room.  And  all  this  is  for — what  ?  A  shilling 
more  than  tbe  labourer  who  is  required  to  trim  arc  lamps. 

Concerning  ilr.  Ebben's  suggestion  that  tbe  heads  of  the 
various  technical  institutions  should  devote  one  hour  per 
session  to  a  lecture  on  "prospects  on  electrical  engineering." 
This  is  a  noble  idea,  and  would  certainly  benefit  members  of 
the  profession,  but  it  would  inevitably  result  in  tbe  "  falling 
off "  of  students  from  the  classes,  if  the  plain  truth  were 
spoken.  Obviousjy,  it  would  not  be  in  the  principal's 
interest  to  give  such  a  lecture.  I  remember  some  years 
ago,  a  distinguished  engineer,  Mr.  Lloyd  Barnes,  giving  a 
lecture  on  tbe  matter  at  the  opening  of  the  session  at  the 
Liverpool  Technical  School,  and  stating  that  electrical 
engineering  was  the  most  difficult  profession  a  young  man 
could  possibly  follow.  The  effect  of  this  and  other  remarks 
resulted  in  the  decrease  of  over  50  per  cent,  in  attendance 
at  the  next  lecture,  and  at  the  finish  of  the  session  there 
remained  only  about  a  dozen  students. 

But  leaving  this  point  and  in  conclusion,  to  those  of  us 
who  have  already  put  "  our  hands  to  the  plough,"  and  spent 
some  years  in  studying  and  acquiring  experience,  the  only 
means  of  realising  an  improvement  of  our  conditions,  is,  to 
use  the  words  of  Robert  Burns  :  "  When  freedom,  harmony 
and  love  unite  us  in  the  grand  design." 

A.  C.  Black. 

Bootle,  April  lith,  1913. 


Salaries  and  TYages. 

Referring  to  your  interesting  article  on  "  Salaries  and 
Wages"  in  the  current  issue  (April  11  tb),  the  enclosed 
details  of  classification  of  employment  and  maximum  wages 
for  each  grade,  which  has  recently  been  agreed  by  the  St. 
Marylebone  Borough  Council,  may  be  of  interest. 

The  first  thing  that  stands  out  is  the  adoption  cf  a 
minimum  rate  for  men  of  whatever  class.  Although  there 
is  a  maximum  fixed  for  each  of  the  grades,  the  intention  is 
that  a  tboronghly  competent  man  who  has  reached  the 
maximum  of  his  grade  shall    be  transferred  to  the  grade 


immediately  a  bove,  if  there  is  any  possible  vacancy.  In 
sonie  cases  it  can  be  done  even  if  there  be  no  vacancy.  It 
is  not  intended  that  each  man  in  each  grade  shall  automatic- 
ally reach  the  maximum,  and  there  are  no  automatic  annual 
increments  provided  for.  An  annual  recommendation  is 
made  to  the  Electric  Supply  Committee  each  year  as  to  the 
advance  in  wages  which  should  be  given,  and  each  advance 
directly  depends  on  each  man's  individual  merit.  An  ad- 
vantage of  this  grading  is  that  it  gives  an  intermediate 
course  between  an  incompetent  msn  and  discharge  ;  he  can 
be  severely  punished  by  being  placed  in  a  lower  grade, 
which  punishment  will  frequently  meet  tbe  case,  whereas 
if  no  system  of  grading  were  in  force,  tbe  man  would  pro- 
bably be  discharged. 

This  classification,  of  course,  excludes  myself  and  the  four 
heads  of  departments  :  Secretary  and  accountant,  generating 
engineer,  mains  engineer,  and  sales  manager. 

A.  Hugh  Seabrook, 

Gfiidtil  Miinaqpr. 

St.  Marylebone  Electricity  Supply, 
April  \hih,  1913. 


St.    JIarylf.bone   Elkctbic    Scpplv. 

Ajiproced  hy   C<iuitcil  Ajn  il  Zr<1.   1913. 

Salaries  and   Wages — Classification  of  Grades  for  Permanent 

Employmemt. 

^fll.rimunl  wages  for  v ncla'g'Jifil  juniors  : — 


Grade 

No. 

1 


Up  to  16  years  of  age 
Maximum  wages  for  unchi 
youths  :  — 
Above  16  and  up  to  24        228, 

Minimum  Wnqex  for  Men  for  uhalerer 
'  Clas.,. 


Present 
No. 

Estab- 
lithmenr. 

...       158. 

24 

fieil  lads  and 

25  years  of  age 

...     253. 

1  26  years  of  age 

...     268.  1 

3 

'27  years  of  age 

.  28  years  of  age 

29  years  of  age 

...     278. 
...     28s.  \ 

...     29s.  1 

6 

30  years  of  age  and 

ipwart 

s 

...     30s.  J 

JUimimum  Wagp-i  fot 

G 

riierul 

Emj)hiyiiient. 

Uemarlix. 

4 

Chief  assistants    ... 

£6 

0 

^'l 

Engineering 

6 

6 

.5 

1st  class  asssistants 

5 

0 

0 

or 

8 

8 

6 

2nd  class  assistants 

4 

0 

0 

otherwise. 

12 

12 

7 

Ist  class  clerks     ... 

3 

0 

0" 

Applicable 

14 

14 

8 

2nd  class  clerks   ... 

2 

0 

0 

to 

33 

33 

9 

3rd  class  clerks    ... 

1 

0 

0 

men  or  women 

.10 

10 

10 

Representatives    ... 

2 

10 

0 

Plus  bonus 

14 

14 

11 

Ist    class    foremen 

4 

0 

0 

— 

12 

2nd   class   foremen 

3 

0 

0 

7 

13 

Leading  hands 

0 

1 

0  hr.or^jro  i-ata  wky.  4 

14 

Draughtsmen 

3 

0 

0 

1 

15 

Assist,  d  ranghtsmen 

1 

15 

0 

1 

16 

Painters     

0 

0 

9 

hr. 

— 

17 

Bricklayers 

0 

0 

11 

„ 

1 

18 

Carpenters  ic  joiners 

0 

0 

Hi 

„ 

2 

19 

Wiremen 

0 

0 

11 

12 

■20 

Mates  (all   classes) 

0 

0 

9 

,, 

14 

21 

Storekeepers,   head 

2 

10 

0 

3 

22 

Storekeepers,  assist. 

1 

15 

0 

— 

23 

Handy  labourers ... 

0 

0 

8 

hr. 

16 

24 

General  labourers... 

0 

0 

7 

1 

22 

25 

Dynamo  and  Motor 

attendants 

2 

0 

0 

4 

26 

Switchmen 

2 

10 

0 

2 

27 

Battery   attendants 

1 

15 

0 

2 

28 

Substa.     attendts. 

2 

10 

0 

4 

29 

Drivers       

2 

10 

0 

5 

30 

Stokers      

2 

15 

0 

8 

31 

Volt  regulators    ... 

1 

5 

0 

— 

32 

Fitters       

2 

10 

0 

5 

33 

Meter    testers    and 

repairers 

2 

5 

0 

3 

34 

Meter  readers 

2 

0 

0 

10 

35 

Meter  collectors  ... 

2 

S 

0 

1 

36 

Jointers     

2 

10 

0 

5 

37 

Box  inspectors 

1 

15 

0 

3 

3S 

LamplijfhterB       ... 

1 

7 

6  Part  time  only 

25 

39 

Aro  lamp  trimmeri 

1 

16 

0 

2 

40 

Inspectors 

2 

10 

0 

—    , 

With  regard  to  Grade  No.  2,  thi»  ia  designed  to  deal  wl'h 
employes  who  have  not  been  specifloally  placed  in  one  or  othtr  of 
Grades  Nos.  4.40.  Such  coses  will  be  few,  and  the  grade  is  provided 
to  give  a  small  Increase  over  Grade  No.  1  until  the  employ^  is 
Buffioiently  skilled  to  pa£s  into  one  of  the  other  grades. 

Grade  Xo.  8  provides  a  minimum  wage,  and  it  provides  for  every 
man  of  30  years  of  age  in  the  department  reoeiving  a  minimum 
weekly  wage  of  30i. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8.i«,Apuil  2.-,,  191:5.)       Till';     K LKC'l'KK 'A L     Itl'; VI I'lW. 


071 


GradeB  Nom.  I-'J  ri-latii  to  nihlifiiiiH  of  ilcpurtnuntH  nnd  the 
clerical  ftnll',  and  for  thcBe  (and  No.  10,  th<!  rcproHentativcB)  w(i  have 
laid  down  a  noriual  CHtabliHhmcnt,  nhown  in  tho  fort');oin)f 
schedule,  wliioh  corrcHpondH  with  tho  cxiHtin(r  employes  who  it  i8 
proposed  nhould  be  allott(!d  to  these  (frudes.  This  normal  cBtiib- 
ment  should  only  be  taken  as  the  present  fiyuro,  but  no  alteration 
therein  will  be  made  without  the  Council's  knowled(fe. 

For  Cirodes  Nos.  11-40  we  do  not  think  it  convenient  to  lay  down 
any  fixed  establishment  in  view  of  the  lluctuatinpr  nature  of  some 
of  the  work,  but  the  present  numbers  of  each  t;rade  are  shown  on 
the  schedule. 

It  will  1)6  noted  that  there  are  some  (grades  (Nos.  11,  10,  22,  SI 
and  40)  to  which  at  present  no  employes  are  ollottcd,  but  we  have 
thought  it  well  to  make  provision  for  employes  of  these  descriptions 
for  the  future. 

Generally  as  to  increments  of  wasres,  we  do  not,  in  any  case, 
suffffest  a  fixed  increment,  as  we  think  the  staff  should  be  dealt 
with  every  year  in  the  lig:ht  of  the  year's  working-,  and  priven  such 
increments,  within  the  maxima  laid  down,  as  may  from  time  to 
time  be  thought  desirable. 

19-20,  York  Place  A//ril  lOI/i,  1913. 


Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers.-  Election  of  Council. 

Many  members  of  tlie  Institution  will,  I  believe,  be  dis- 
appointed with  the  Council's  nominations  to  fill  the  vacancies 
on  the  Council.  This  for  two  reasons  :  that  the  constitution 
of  the  Council  seems  tending  to  become  official  rather  than 
commercial ;  that  the  Local  Sections  have  insufficient 
representation. 

The  renewed  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  Institution 
which  has  shown  itself  since  Dr.  I"'erranti's  presidency  has 
been  due,  I  think,  to  the  feeling  that  the  programme  of 
development  which  he  outlined  would  be  followed,  and  that 
the  Institution  would  become  of  real  practical  assistance  to 
the  industry.  To  this  end  should  we  not  have  a  greater 
proportion  of  business  men  on  the  Council  ? 

On  the  present  Council  the  Local  Sections  have,  in  addi- 
tion to  their  special  representatives,  Messrs.  Dickinson, 
Faraday  Proctor,  Pearce  and  R.  K.  Morcom.  All  these 
gentlemen  retire,  and  the  Council's  nominees,  worthy  of  the 
highest  honour  though  they  may  be,  do  not  represent  the 
provinces  in  the  same  direct  manner. 

The  Local  Sections  want  binding  closer  to  headquarters  ; 
I  believe  this  can  be  attained  by  fuller  repi-esentation. 


Dewsbury,  Ajiril  Iblh,  1913. 


W.  B.  Woodhoiise. 


The  Preservation  of  Telegraph  Poles. 

We  see  in  your  issue  of  the  18th  an  article  on  "  Preservation 
of  Telegraph  Poles,"  and  we  note  that  the  author  now 
talks  of  the  brittleness  of  poles  which  have  been  creosoted. 
We  do  not  think  that  this  is  a  fact,  and  believe  that  if  any- 
thing poles  and  timber  which  have  been  creosoted  are 
stronger  than  the  same  unpreserved.  We  think  that  any 
Post  Office  engineer  would  bear  us  out  in  this  contention. 
Perhaps  you  have  room  in  your  valuable  paper  to  insert  this 
contradiction. 

With  regard  to  the  decay  caused  by  wet  getting  inside 
poles,  we  can  only  reiterate  what  we  have  previously  said,  and 
always  recommend  users  of  poles  that  it  is  much  better  for 
any  cutting  and  boring  to  be  done  before  the  poles  are 
creosoted. 

For  Richd.  Wade,  Sons  &  Co.,  Ltd., 

Chbistopher  Wade,  Managing  Bircctor. 

Hull,  April  21si;,  1913. 


Electric  Laundry  Irons. 

With  reference  to  the  remarks  by  "  Ironical  "  regarding 
the  above,  I  think  it  only  fair  to  manufacturers  to  mention 
that  my  firm  have  been  using  electric  laundry  irons  for  the 
past  two  years.  These  irons  are  in  constant  use,  and  up  to 
the  present  have  been  in  every  way  successful.  The  flexible 
wiring  has  not,  even  in  one  instance,  been  renewed.  The 
writer  will  be  pleased  to  furnish  any  further  particulars  to 
anyone  interested. 

J.  Martin  M.  Carr, 

Manager,  JOHN  BABKEB  &  Co.,  LTD,,  BlectHcal  J)fj)t. 

Kensington,  W„  April  22nd,  1913. 

[Other  communications  on  this  subject  will  be  found  in 
our  "  Business  Notes." — Edh.  Elec.  Rev.] 


!..(;. |{.  Aritlinietir. 

On  page  I'.IO  of  }our  last  Ikkuc  (April  iMthj  Mr.  \i.  H, 
Hooper  is  H'portcd  to  have  made  the  following  coiumentH  at 
(Joventry  : — 

"There  were  just  over  2,000  a^iiRUMierH  of  electrical 
energy  out  of  u  population  of  1 1 .0,000,  m  that  practically 
oni'.-fiJTii'lh  of  the  population  were  making  a  contribution  to 
the  relief  of  ralca  for  the  benefit  of  the  others  who  did  not 
happen  to  be  users  .  .  .  ." 

Those  gallant  2,000  !  No  wives,  children,  or  bouiie- 
holds  consuming  the  flashing  fluid  in  order  that  the  remain- 
ing Ji;!,'iOO  may  live  in  domestic  comfort  at  the  osnal 
average  rate  of  five  jicr  family. 

The  electricity  consumers  of  (Joventry  are  indeed  an 
example  to  the  rest  of  the  country. 

Benedict. 


ELECTROSTATIC    CAPACITY    AND 

INSULATION    RESISTANCE    MEASURED 

BY    DIRECT-READING    METHODS. 


By  .1.  RYMER- JONES. 


Cujiaril!/  test  (by  charge  or  discharge). — Employing  a 
scale  of  1,000  equal  divisions,  adjust  the  slide  reading  {sr) 
of  the  universal  shunt  so  that  the  testing  battery  gives  a 
throw  of  exactly  1 ,000  divisions  for  1  microfarad.     E.g. ; — 

If  the  shunt  value  v  /•  gives  1,000  divisions  for  1  mfd.. 

then  ITA  divs.  --  75-'/l,000,  or  0-7.-.4  mfd. 
If   the  shunt   value  -v  /■  be  reduced   to  .«  r/10,  then 

754  divs.  -  754/1,000  x  10,  or  754  mfds. 
If   the  shunt  value  .s  /•  be  reduced   to  .v  /-/lOO,  then 

754  divs.  =  754/1,000  x  lOO.or  75"4  mfds. 

Using  a  Sullivan  highly  sensitive  galvanometer  (for  use  on 
shore),  a  shunt  value  s  /■  of  2,92«  gave  exactly  1,000 
divisions  from  a  standard  condenser  of  1  mfd.  (fig.  1). 

Substituting  a  drum  of  core  for  the  condenser,  and 
retaining  the  same  shunt  value  (sr),  a  discharge  of   611 


Fig.  1. 


Fig.  2. 


divisions  given  by  the  cable  core  therefore  represents 
611,1,000,  or  0-Gll  mfd. 

If  it  be  preferred  to  get  larger  throws  when  the  discharge 
reading  is  undesirably  near  to  the  zero  end  of  the  scale,  it  is 
simply  effected  by  doubling  s  r  or  6-  r/10,  as  the  case  may  be, 
and  dividing  the  throw  by  two. 

Insulation  resistance  (by  direct  deflection  method). — The 
diagram  (fig.  3)  represents  a  scale  of  1,000  equal  divisions, 
and  also  the  same  scale  calibrated  for  resistance.  If  the 
galvanometer  coil  be  so  shunted  that  the  testing  battery,  in 
circuit  with  one  megohm,  produces  a  deflection  of  1,000 
divisions,  then  the  resistance  represented  by  any  other 
deflection  {d)  will  be  1,000/rf  megohms  ;  e.g.,  a  deflection 
{d)  of  500  =  1,000/500  =  2  megohms. 

The  resistances  corresponding  to  certain  other  deflections 
are  given  in  the  diagram  by  way  of  a  graphic  illustration  of 
how  the  resistance  (r)  is  in  inverse  ratio  to  the  deflection,  or 
B  =  1,000  d  megohms.  That  is  to  say,  R  is  the  reciprocal 
of  the  deflection  multiplied  by  1,000.  Consequently,  the 
resistance  represented  by  any  deflection  is  obtainable  without 
calculation  from  Barlow's  or  other  Tables  of  Beciprooals. 

Having,  therefore,  adjusted  the  universal  shunt  reading 
(s  r)  so  that  the  testing  battery  gives  exactly  1.000  divisions 
through  one  megohm,  the  reciprocal  of  the  deflection  from 


673 


THE   ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.  n.  No.  i.sis,  km^  sb,  i9ib. 


the  cable,  when  the  latter  is  eubatituted  for  the  megohm, 
gives  the  absolute  dieleotrio  resistance  R  at  any  moment 
after  applying  the  testing  battery. 

As  one  division  low  down  the  scale  represents  a  much 
greater  difference  in  the  resistance  than  one  division  near  to 
the  1,000  end.  it  is  not  desirable  to  read  below  (say)  -200 
divisions,  i.e.,  etjuivaleiit  to  f)  megohms  when  using  a  shnnt 
value  *■  r. 

The  same  scale  serves  for  higher  resistances  bv  piopoi- 
tionately  increasing  the  shunt  values  as  given  below  : — 


For 

reaistancea  between 

I'se  shunt 

megohms 

reading 

Then  u  =- 

1— .■> 

.V  ;• 

Reciprocal  of  </  x  1 ,000  x   1 . 

2—10 

'1  s  r 

„             //  X  1,000  X  2. 

10—50 

10  X  r 

(1  X  1,000  X   10. 

L'O— 100 

20  .«  /• 

„             '/  X  1,000  X  20. 

100— .500 

100  .V  r 

<l  X  1,000  X   100 

200—1,000 

200  A  r 

<l  X  1,000  X  200 

1,000— 5,()0(» 

1 ,000  X  /• 

(/  X   1,000  X   1,0( 

■—  The  e<iuivalent  for  a  deflection  of  200  divisions. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  if  the  deflection  fl  is  near  to  the 
200  divisions  when  using,  say,  10  .s /•,  it  will  be  much  higher 
up  the  scale  when  using  the  next  larger  shunt  value,  viz., 
20  s  r,  for  testing  the  same  insulation  resistance. 

Some  yeai-s  ago  the  writer  employed  such  a  scale  as  that 
shown  in  the  diagram  calibrated  for  resistance,  from  which 
U)  read  directly  the  absolute  d  r  values  of  condensers  during 
manufacture,  using  different  scales  and  shunts  to  suit  par- 
ticular limits  of  resistance. 

The  avoidance  of  figuring  out  results  when  many  con- 
densers had  to  be  tested  saved  much  time,  and  is  easily 
practicable,  because  the  galvanometer  deHection  in  the  factory 
is  quite  steady. 

The  modified  eqically  divided  scale  method  explained  above 
is,  however,  more  applicable  to  core  and  to  oahle  testing, 
e.sjjecially   when  a  test  is  affected  by  earth  ctcrrcnts,  or  by 


ShuDt  galvanometer  by  « r  to  make  the  testing  current  give  through 
1  megohm  a  deflection  o(  1,000  divisions,  then  resistances  for 
any  deflection  are  obtained  direct  from  a  table  of  reciprocals  with- 
out calculation.    R  _  I.OOOAf  megs. ;  rf       1,00(Vr. 

Fia.  3. 

indwell  and  vnduluting  cinrenf.%  go  disturbing  to  cable  test- 
ing in  the  ship's  tanks  at  sea,  and  which  necessitate  mmnim/ 
several  excursions. 

Moreover,  when  testing  a  cable  for  D  it  by  the  usual 
direct-defleclion  method,  one  very  important  criterion  as  to  its 
electrical  soundness  is  the  regularly  deci-easing  ditfermces 
between  minute  readings,  and  also  the  strict  comparison 
between  the  (say)  "  negative,"  "  earth,"  and  the  subse(|uently 
observed  "reversed  current"  readings,  according  to  the 
usual  routine. 

It  will  therefore  be  obvious  that  a  scale  calibrated  for 
resistances  is  not  so  suitable  for  cable  testing  as  an  equally 
divided  scale ;  and  as  the  reciproca.l  of  the  observed  deflec- 
tion is  obtained  from  Barlow's  Tables,  and  therefore  the  d  r 
value  obtained  by  inspection,  the  method  is  practically  direct 
reading,  in  so  far  as  it  obviates  oakulation. 


Adjusting  the  shvni  (s  r)  to  give  1,000  divisions  though 
1  megohm. — If  the  galvanometer  be  very  sensitive,  neces- 
sitating a  very  low  s  r  value,  a  difference  of  1  may  be  exces- 
sivp ;  this  is  easily  remedied  by  using  the  higher  value  for 
y  r,  and  reducing  the  resulting  deflection  to  exactly  1,000 
by  adding  resistance  (>•)  to  the  galvanometer  coil  circuit  j 
e.g.,  employing  a  highly  sensitiv'e  Sullivan  galvanometer,  a 
testing  battery  of  (;00  volts  gave  a  deflection  of  about 
1 ,020  divisions  when  using  a  universal  shunt  \-alue  (s  /)  of  G  ; 
and  putting  1,22s  ohms  in  series  with  the  galvanometer  coil 
brought  the  deflection  to  exactly  1,000.     (Kig.  2.) 

Substituting  M;  n.m.  of  cable  core  for  the  standard 
megohm,  and  increasing  -v  /•  from  C  to  Ci.OOO,  i.e.,  increasing 
the  shunt  value  1,000  times,  the  same  testing  battery  gave — 

lat  minute  (</)    -  854  divs.,  the  reciprocal  of 

which  is  0"001171.  and  the  i)  h =  1,171  mrpc.  abfi. 

Or  ^'i'V  X  1,000      =  1,171  nieRs.  ubs. 

When    thoroughly  discharged  and   tested   by   the   ordinary 
lucthod  the  calculated  d  it  was  iis  nearly  as  possible  the  same. 

Lont;  xiiif/Ii'  scale  for  factory  or  laboratory. — 

Distance  from  >ralvanonieter  mirror  to  scale  ...     12  ft.  fi    in. 
Lenfrth  of  1.000  divisions  4  ft.  6 {  in. 

Short  (hiitUe  scale  for  cables  subject  to  earth 
current  disturbances. — 

Distance  from  galvanometer  mirror  to  scale     ...       H  ft.  0  in. 
Length  of  r)00  graduations  (each  reprecenting 
two  divisions)* 1  ft.  3  in. 

*  The  graduation  is  the  same  on  both  sides  of  zero. 


PARLIAMENTARY. 


City  and  South  London  Railway. 

A  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Lords,  of  which  Lord 
Sanderson  is  chairman,  commenced  the  consideration  on  April  17th 
of  this  Bill.  The  Hon.  J.  D.  Fitzgerald,  K.C.,  appeared  for  the 
promoters,  and  there  was  a  large  number  of  opponents,  including 
the  Bank  of  England  and  several  insurance  oflBces,  who  were  repre- 
sented by  counsel. 

The  Hon.  J.  D.  Fitzgerald  explained  that  the  railway  was  the 
pioneer  in  tube  railway  construction  in  this  country.  At  the  time 
it  was  built,  it  was  thought  that  a  tunnel  of  a  width  of  10  ft.  2  in. 
would  be  sufficient,  but  when  other  tubes  came  to  be  constructed 
the  tunnels  were  made  larger  in  diameter.  The  chief  object  of  the 
present  Bill  was  to  enable  the  company  to  increase  the  size  of  the 
tunnels  to  that  of  other  tube  railways,  so  as  to  secure  quicker 
running,  a  more  frequent  service,  and  improved  rolling  stock. 
During  the  morning  and  evening  rush  hours  the  company  found 
great  difficulty  in  accommodating  the  passengers  who  wished  to 
travel,  and  it  was  that  difficulty  which  had  prevented  the  line 
being  extended  beyond  its  present  termini  at  Clapham  Common. 
The  largest  number  of  trains  which  could  be  run  at  present  was  24 
per  hour,  which,  with  five  carriages  per  train,  enabled  4,320 
passengers  to  be  carried.  When,  however,  the  tunnels  were  enlarged 
they  would  be  able  to  put  on  40  trains  during  the  hour,  each  conr- 
posed  of  seven  carriages,  with  a  .seating  capacity  which  would 
enable  nearly  three  times  the  present  number  of  passengers  to  be 
carried.  Counsel  went  on  to  explain  that  under  another  Bill 
which  would  come  before  the  Committee  the  Charing  Cross,  Euston 
and  Hampstead  Railway  Co.  were  acking  for  powers  to  construct  a 
line  from  their  present  Camden  Town  Station  to  Euston,  where 
it  was  proposed  to  connect  up  with  the  City  and  South  London 
line.  If  that  scheme  was  sanctioned  it  would  be  possible  to  run 
through  trains  from  Clapham  Common  in  the  south,  to  Highgate, 
Hampstead  and  Golder's  Green  in  the  north,  which  would  be  a 
very  great  convenience  to  the  travelling  public.  Mr.  Fitzgerald 
said  he  was  unable  to  account  for  the  opposition  of  the  Bank  of 
England  and  the  other  City  firms,  because  this  was  not  a  proposal 
to  construct  a  new  line.  It  was  a  line  which  had  been  working 
for  years  without  doing  damage  to  anyone,  and  all  that  was  now 
desired  was  to  slightly  enlarge  the  diameter  of  the  tube.  It  was 
proposed  to  work  the  line  in  the  same  way  as  other  tube  railways 
were  worked — by  a  system  of  supplying  the  motive  power  to 
the  wheels  of  each  carriage,  thus  getting  rid  of  vibration  and  dis- 
pensing with  the  use  of  a  locomotive. 

Evidence  in  support  of  the  Bill  was  given  by  Mb.  Albeht  H. 
Stanley,  the  managing  director  of  the  company,  and  Mk.  C.  B. 
STUART-\Vt(KTLEV,  M.P.,  the  chairman.  Mr.  Stanley  stated  that 
the  accommodation  which  the  company  was  able  to  offer  was  very 
inferior  to  that  which  was  given  by  the  later  tube  railways,  and 
the  result  was  that  the  traffic  had  shown  a  falling  off  of  late  years. 
Up  to  a  point  the  company  was  fairly  successful,  and  the  tr»  (lie 
steadily  increared  ;  but  some  years  ago  it  ceased  to  expand,  and  it 
had  since  gone  back.     If  they  could  bring  the  tunnels  up  to  the 


Vol.  72.     No,  l.filK,  APRir,  3r,,  1913.1 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


678 


fiftiiio  (liamctci'  aw  tho  other  liiho  railwayH,  and  run  Hiiiiilur  coanhrH, 
h(!  btilioved  the  truflic  would  afcain  inorvantt. 

[%  After  hoarint;  further  evidence  in  favour  of  the  Hill,  the  Com- 
mittee found  the  preaniblo  proved,  but  hold  over  the  (sonHideration 
of  clauBcs  until  they  had  dispoHod  of  the  next  Bill  on  thoir  list. 


Metropolitan  Itailway  Bili. 

(_Coii(  hiifrd  /nun   page  6'M'i.) 

Mk.  William  Willo.k,  the  engineer  of  the  Metropolitan  Railway 
Co.,  explained  the  enpineerinc  details  of  the  two  extenBions.  The 
first  extencion  from  Moorpate  Street  to  Lothbury  wae,  he  said. 
about  502  yards  lone  and  the  two  tunnels  would  be  about  '>\  ft. 
fi  in.  below  the  surface  of  the  pavement.  He  had  put  in  a  proviso 
to  the  effect  that  they  would  not  deviate  upwards  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  briner  the  rails  within  45  ft.  of  the  surface  of  the  road.  It 
was  proposed  to  construct  the  tunnels  by  means  of  shields  with 
compressed  air.  They  would  be  lt>  ft.  in  diameter,  which  was 
rather  larg^er  than  the  ordinary  electric  railway  tunnels.  They 
did  not  encroach  upon  any  private  property.  The  length  of  the 
extension  to  link  up  the  line  with  the  Waterloo  and  City  Railway 
was  about  2,'i0  yards,  and  in  that  case  the  tunnel  would  be  12  ft.  in 
diameter. 

Sib  Douulas  Fox  also  gave  evidence  in  favour  of  the  Bill.  lie 
said  that  he  was  engineer  for  the  Bill  of  the  Great  Northern  and 
City  Co.,  in  1902,  and  on  that  occasion  he  satisfied  Parliament  that 
the  extension  to  Lothbury  could  be  safely  carried  out.  Since  that 
time,  both  engineers  and  contractors  had  had  a  good  deal  of 
experience  as  to  the  construction  of  tube  railways,  and  by  the  use  of. 
compressed  air  he  thought  they  had  greatly  minimised  the  poesi- 
bility  of  injury  along  Moorgate  Street.  He  regarded  it  of  very 
great  importance  that  the  compressed-air  method  of  constructiou 
should  be  employed  in  order  to  prevent  the  possibility  of  damage. 
In  the  estimates  they  had  allowed  tIKi.OOO  for  compensation  in 
respect  to  the  Waterloo  and  City  extension  and  £4,000  for  the 
extension  to  Lothbury. 

Mb.  C.  L.  Mob(4AN,  chief  engineer  of  the  London,  Brighton  and 
South  Coast  Railway  Co.,  giving  evidence  in  support  of  the  Bill, 
said  that  the  extensions  did  not  present  any  engineering  difficul- 
ties. 

Similar  evidence  was  given  by  Mr.  H.  Dalrymple-Hay,  C.E.,  Sir 
A.  Stenning,  and  Mr.  J.  F.  Middleton,  a  contractor. 

Mr.  G.  .T.  Talbot,  K.C,  addressed  the  Committee  on  behalf  of 
the  petitioners  against  the  Bill,  and  laid  stress  upon  the  fact  that 
at  one  point  the  crown  of  the  Central  London  tube  would  be  only 
1  ft.  6  in.  below  the  new  line.  A  very  slight  subsidence  might 
cause  serious  consequences  to  wells,  hydraulic  lifts  and  the  strong 
rooms  of  banks. 

After  hearing  further  evidence  from  a  number  of  property 
owners  who  opposed  the  extensions  on  the  ground  that  their 
property  would  be  endangered,  the  Committee  decided  that  the 
Bill  might  proceed  so  far  as  the  proposal  to  extend  the  Great 
Northern  ami  City  line  from  Moorgate  to  Lothbury,  subject  to  the 
conditions  laid  down  in  the  Act  of  1902.  They  rejected  the 
proposal  to  give  a  connection  with  the  City  and  W'aterloo  line. 


London   Electric  Railway  Bill. 

On  Monday  the  Committee  proceeded  to  consider  the  Bill  promoted 
by  the  London  Electric  Railway  Co.,  which  is  opposed  by  the 
London  County  Council  and  the  Hammersmith  Corporation. 

Mr.  Balfour  Browne,  K.C,  in  opening  the  case,  said  that  the 
Bill  sought  powers  to  extend  the  Great  Northern,  Brompton  and 
Piccadilly  Railway  at  Hammersmith  to  a  junction  near  Ravens- 
court  Park  with  the  Kensington  and  Richmond  branch  of  the 
London  and  South-Western  Railway.  It  further  proposed  a 
junction  between  the  Hampstead,  Euston  and  Charing  Cross 
Railway  and  the  City  and  South  London  Railway  on  the  widened 
tunnel.  The  London  County  Council  wished  the  Committee  to 
reject  Clause  40  of  the  Bill,  which  gave  the  company  power  to  carry 
out  work  beneath  the  public  streets  without  compensation  for  the 
removal  of  the  subsoil,  the  rights  of  which  are  vested  in  the 
Council.  Mr.  Balfour  Browne  said  that  the  promoters  were  simply 
giving  effect  to  the  ordinary  law  in  the  clause  which  had  laid  it 
down  that  where  a  company  used  sub  soil  which  was  at  such  a 
depth  below  the  surface  of  a  public  street  that  it  was  of  no 
practical  value  to  the  public,  they  should  not  be  obliged  to  pay 
compensation. 

Mr.  Freeman,  K,C.,  said  that  the  position  of  the  London  County 
Council  was  that  the  railway  would  run  down  Northumberland 
Avenue  and  Southampton  Row — thoroughfares  which  had  been 
improved  very  largely  at  the  public  expense.  In  such  a  case,  the 
Council  thought  it  only  right  that  a  company  wishing  to  go 
underneath  such  thoroughfares  should  be  compelled  to  pay  the 
Council  something  towards  the  cost  of  the  improvement. 

The  Committee  decTded  that  they  would  allow  the  clause  to  stand, 
and  the  preamble  of  the  Bill  was  declared  proved. 


Central  Loudon  Railiray  Bill. — All  opposition  to  the  Central 
London  Railway  Bill  has  been  withdrawn,  and  consequently  it  has 
been  taken  from  the  group  down  for  consideration  by  Lord 
Sanderson's  Select  Committee. 


KIchiiionil  (Surrey)  HUvXtUMt  S»|»|>ly  BUI.  The  Htinding 
DnlerH  (Jomiiiittiic  of  tbi:  Hodhi!  of  CommonH  ha«  de<:id«wi  th»t  the 
Standing  <)rd<rH  in  the  c«»c  of  the  atjovo  Bill  m»y  1j«  diiipen«ed 
with,  and  that  the  Hill  nhttll  \x:  allowc<l  to  proceed. 

Leeds  ('<»r|ioratlon  Bill.-  The  Standing  Ordem  <  ommittee 
have  decided  that  the  Lc«;dH  Corporation  may  procewl  with  their 
Hill,  on  condition  that  Tratiiway  No   'i  in  Htruclc  out. 

Heme  Bay  Oan  and  Electrlelty  Bill.-  The  Unoppowd  Bill 
Committee  of  the  HouHe  of  CommonH  hao  pawted  the  preamble  of 
the  above  Bill,  which,  amongst  other  thingn,  given  power  to  the 
Heme  Bay  Can  and  Coke  Co.  to  supply  electricity  within  the  L'rh«n 
District  of  Heme  Bay. 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES,    riTTINQB 
AND    PLANT. 


PlexHim  Seallng-Wax  Heaters. 

Messb.h.  Simplex  Conduits,  Ltd.,  of  in..  Charing  Crone  Road, 
W.C.,  have  recently  given  attention  to  the  development  of  electrical 
sealing-wax  heaters,  which,  in  view  of  the  outbreaks  of  fire  that 
have  occurred  with  non-electric  types,  ought  to  be  very  favourably 
received  in  factories  where  much  packing  in  sealed  parcels  i« 
carried  on.  Two  patterns  have  been  designed,  of  which  we  give 
illustrations  herewith. 

In  the  case  of  the  "  Plexsim  Industrial  Pattern,"  shown  in  fig.  1, 
the  sealing-wax  is  placed  in  the  inner  receptacle,  and  is  allowed  to 
run  over  the  two  slopes  at  either  end,  which  are  also  heated  to 
prevent  the  wax   from  cooling  down  ;    it  can  be  picked  up  by  the 


Fig.  1.— Plexsim  Sealing -Wax  Heater,    Industrial  Ttpe. 

flaps  of  the  parcels  to  be  sealed.  Where  it  is  required  to  make  use 
of  an  ordinary  seal  impress,  the  wax  can  be  allowed  to  run  down 
the  slopes,  which  are  specially  shaped  at  the  bottom  to  allow  it 
to  drop  off.  The  amount  flowing  out  of  the  central  chamber 
can  be  accurately  regulated  by  opening  or  closing  the  apertures 
with  the  small  shutters  provided.     Any  excess  wax  is  caught  m  the 


Fig.  2.— Plexsim  WallPaitebs  Sealing-Wax  Heateb. 

tray  upon  which  the  heater  stands  and  use^again,  thereby  guarding 
against  waste.  The  appliance  is  substantially  constructed  in  black 
enamelled  iron,  and  being  double-ended,  allows  two  persons  to  work 
with  it  at  the  same  time.  ,        .  , 

The  wall  pattern,  shown  in  fig.  2,  is  intended  for  the  use  of 
chemists,  and  in  other  trades  where  a  large  quantity  of  email 
packages  require  sealing.  It  is  specially  suitable  for  use  where  the 
ordinary  hand  seal  impress  is  used,  or  where  the  packages  are  small 
and  require  sealing  in  a  number  of  different  positions.  The  heater 
is  made  suitable  for  fixing  to  the  wall,  and  for  use  with  the 
ordinary  sealing-wax  supplied  in  sticks.  The  latter  is  pressed  on 
to  the  heated  cast-iron  point,  which  is  so  shaped  as  to  allow  the 
melted  wax  to  fall  off  the  point  in  the  form  pf  small  drops  suitable 
forireceiving  the  impress. 


674 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE^TEW.       [vol  72.  no.  i,848,  apbil  25,  1913. 


The  applianoe  is  solidly  constrncted.  and  the  heated  portions  are 
iiuDlated  and  ventilated  from  the  base  upon  which  it  is  mounted, 
■A'hich  always  remains  cool.  The  heater  is  ready  for  use  in  three 
or  four  minntes  from  switching:  on.  The  enerpy  consumption  is  so 
low,  however,  that  it  may  be  kept  continually  in  circuit  without 
undue  expense,  and  may  be  connected  to  any  convenient  lampholder. 

Gate-end  Box  for  Docks  and  Mines. 

The  frate-end  box  which  is  shown  in  the  accompanying  view, 
lT  :<,  and  for  which  the  Gener.\l  Electuic  Cd.,  Ltd.,  of  67, 
i,iueen  Victoria  Street.  E.C.,  are  responsible,  consists  of  a  standard 
ironclad  switch  and  fuses,  with  the  usual  device  for  preventing'  the 
switch  cover  being:  opened  with  the  switch  at  the  "on"  position. 
This  switch  is  interlocked  with  the  plug,  to  which  is  connected  the 
flexible  cable  running  to  the  motor.  This  interlock  refuses 
admission  to  the  plug  with  the  switch  closed,  and  prevents  the  plug 
from  being  withdrawn  with  the  switch  closed.  The  earthing  con- 
ductor is  brought  back  from  the  motor  to  the  plug,  and  here  it  is 
connected  to  special  terminals,  which  make  contact  with  others  in 
the  plug  socket.  These  contacts  are  so  arranged  that  the  first 
thing  done  on  the  insertion  of  the  plug  is  the  completion  of  the 


Fig.  4.— Stonewark 
Boiling  Jcg. 


Fig.  3.— G.E.C.  Gate-end  Box 
KfiR  Docks  and  Mines. 


earth  circuit,  and  the  last  thing  on  its  withdrawal  is  the  breaking 
of  the  earth  circuit.  The  result  is  that  the  motor  can  never  be 
under  pressure  with  the  earth  connection  unmade.  It  will  be 
observed  from  the  illustration  that  the  lower  part  of  the  inter- 
locking bar  is  protected  from  any  blows  that  might  do  damage 
by  an  iron  tube.  The  interiors  of  the  switch  and  fuse  cases  are 
well  protected  against  arcs,  and  adequate  clearances  are  given 
between  the  fuses  and  case  and  between  the  switch  blades  and  case. 
It  will  be  remembered  that  the  Home  OflBce  has  recently  called 
attention  to  the  fact  that  many  switches  are  defective  in  this 
respect. 

Stoneware  Electric  L'tensils. 

A  neat  novtlty  has  been  introduced  by  Messrs.  Baxter  .\nd 
: Gaunter.  Ltd.,  of  21!',  Tottenham  Court  Road,  \V.,  under 
Hosgoods  patents,  in  the  form  of  a  series  of  stoneware  utensils 
provided  with  electric  heaters,  as  illustrated  in  fig.  4,  which  shows 
a  one-pint  boiling  jug.  The  heating  element  is  placed  round  the 
lower  part  of  the  vessel,  and  is  protected  with  an  in.sulated  metal 
cover  ;  being  in  actual  contact  with  the  stoneware,  it  communicates 
heat  to  the  latter  very  quickly,  and  on  trial  with  a  two-pint  jug 
we  find  that  less  than  Id  min.  suffices  to  boil  a  pint  of  cold  water. 
The  jugs  can  be  used  for  heating  water,  milk,  beef-tea,  A-c,  or 
cooking  eggs,  and  a  shaving  pot  is  made  on  similar  lines.  The 
socket  is  adapted  for  direct  connection  to  an  ordinary  lampholder. 
-Cither  patterns  are'-in  course  of  preparation.  These  utensils  are 
much  cheaper  than'metal  ones. 


LEGAL. 


SCHIX)8S  &  Co.    '.   DODD. 

Is  the  City  of  London  Court,  on  April  17tb,  before  his  Honour 
Judge  Rentoul,  K.C.,  an  action  was  brought  by  -Messrs.  Louis 
Schloss  i  Co.,  electric  lamp  manufacturers,  3,  Rangoon  street, 
Crutched  Friars.  E  C,  against  Mr.  Edward  H.  Dodd,  electric  lamp 
dealer,  11,  Old  Bond  Street,  Bath,  to  recover  the  sum  of  £.2  48.  for 
electric  lamps  supplied.  There  was  no  dispute  about  the  order  or 
delivery  of  the  lamps,  but  the  defendant  said  that  they  were 
defective.  Judge  Rentoul  observed  that  the  burden  of  proving 
that  wa;;  on  the  defendant.  When  a  man  received  electric  lamps 
and  he  raised  as  a  defence  that  they  were  not  fit  for  the  purpose 
for  which  they  were  supplied,  he  had  to  prove  it. 

Defendant  said  that  he  tested  the  lamps  when  they  arrived,  and 
then  he  wrote  to  the  plaintiffs  and  told  them  that  they  were  defec- 
tive. He  first  tested  three  lamps.  The  filaments  went,  and  the 
plaintiffs  sent  him  three  more  which  were  no  better  than  the 
others.  Then  he  went  through  all  the  lamps  and  returned  the  lot 
to  the  plaintiffs. 

JvDGE  Rentoul  pointed  out  that  substituting  three  others 
might  be  an  admission  that  the  original  ones  were  wrong,  or  it 
might  be  an  endeavour  to  avoid  litigation. 

Mr.  Morley,  plaintiffs"  solicitor,  said  that  the  lamps  were 
supplied  in  November  and  defendant  gave  a  post-dated  cheque  to 
February  10th,  which  was  returned  twice  marked  "Not  provided 
for."  Xo  lamps  had  been  exchanged  as  alleged  ;  others  were  sent 
as  ordered. 

Defendant  said  he  told  plaintiffs  that  he  would  not  meet  the 
cheque  as  the  lamps  were  defective. 

Mr.  Morley  said  that  the  lamps  had  not  been  returned  to  the 
plaintiffs.  They  were  sent  back,  probably,  but  were  delivered  to 
someone  else  on  the  premises.  There  was  no  complaint  about  the 
lamps  being  defective  until  the  cheque  was  stopped. 

JiDGE  Rentoul  said  it  would  not  do  for  the  defendant  to  keep 
electric  lamps  for  several  months,  and  then  say  they  were  defective. 
If  he  had  written  at  once  and  said  that  the  lamps  were  wrong,  it 
would  be  another  question.  It  was  not  fair  to  keep  lamps,  send  a 
chetjue,  and  then  say  that  they  were  bad. 

Defendant  said  he  gave  the  cheque  in  February,  not  in  November, 
as  the  plaintiffs  said. 

Judge  Rentoul  said  that  the  defendant  had  put  himself  in  the 
wrong  by  keeping  the  lamps  as  long  as  he  did.  There  was  no  com- 
plaint for  several  months. 

JvDcjE  Rentoul  gave  judgment  for  the  plaintiffs  for  the  amount 
claimed,  with  costs. 


Quinn  r.  Sunderland  Cobpoeation. 

At  Sunderland  County  Court  on  April  17th,  before  Judge  Bonsey, 
Mrs.  JIargaret  Quinn  brought  an  action  against  the  Sunderland 
Corporation  to  recover  damages  in  respect  of  injuries  received 
while  a  passenger  on  one  of  its  tramcars. 

Mr.  Mundahl,  for  the  plaintiff,  said  3Irs.  Quinn  was  70  years  of 
age.  She  and  her  son  proceeded  to  get  on  to  a  car,  and  as  she  was 
making  an  attempt  to  reach  a  vacant  seat,  the  vehicle  started  with 
a  jerk.  As  a  result,  Mrs.  (.)uinn  was  thrown.  Her  nose  and  her 
wrist  were  broken.  The  plaintiff  claimed  £5  for  the  doctor's  bill, 
£2  9s.  for  special  nourishment  and  £3  for  loss  of  employment. 
She  also  claimed  that  she  was  entitled  to  additional  damages  for 
pain  and  suffering. 

Judge  Bonsey  :  Your  view  is  that  a  conductor  should  not  start 
a  car  until  all  the  passengers  are  seated.  That  is  not  the  general 
practice. 

Mr.  Mundahl  :  That  is  so,  but  a  conductor  starts  a  car  at  his 
own  risk,  and  he  should  take  special  care  in  the  case  of  elderly  and 
infirm  persons. 

Jud(;e  Bonsev  said  he  could  not  find  that  the  conductor  of  a 
tramcar  was  bound  to  delay  starting  his  car  until  all  the  pas- 
sengers had  seated  themselves  at  their  own  pleasure.  The  only 
obligation  on  him  was  to  give  reasonable  time  for  them  to  be  seated 
and  if  they  were  not  seated  then  it  was  at  their  own  risk.  He  waa 
convinced  that  in  this  case  the  conductor  had  led  the  lady  to  a  seat, 
and  had  given  her  reasonable  time  to  sit  down,  but  she  did  not  take 
advantage  of  the  time  given  her.  He.  therefore,  gave  judgment  for 
the  defendants. 

A  formal  order  for  costs  was  made,  but  it  was  understood  that  it 
would  not  be  enforced. 


Action  against  Dundee  Corporation. 

The  record  has  been  closed  in  the  Sheriff  Court  in  an  action  at  the 
instance  of  a  motor  lorry  company  against  the  Corjxjration.  It  is 
alleged  by  pursuers  that  a  lorry  belonging  to  them  fell  through  an 
improvised  roadway,  which  had  been  opened  up  by  the  Town 
Council,  for  the  purpose  of  laying  an  electric  cable.  They  claim 
£.50  as  damages. 


Sentence  kor  Stealing. 

An  extraordinary  series  of  thefts  from  the  Glasgow  Corporation's 
tramcar  building  and  repairing  works  at  Coplawhill,  extending 
over  a  period  of  six  years,  was  disclosed  in  the  Sheriff  Court  on 
Thursday,  last  week,  when  a  foreman  electrician,  James  Pollock, 
was  charged.  Accused  pleaded  guilty  to  hanng,  between  January 
Ist,  1907,  and  February  26th,  1913,  stolen  2  tons  of  armature  coU 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,«4S,  Apbii,  2n,  191.1.] 


^HK    KI.KCTRICAL    KKYIEW 


(575 


copper  wire,  t;  cwt.  of  copper  ooiiiinutator  burn,  '.i  cwt.  of  block  tin, 
and  25  milcH  of  inHuIatcd  copper  wire,  valued  at  about  AlHOO. 
I'dliook  ha<l  been  in  the  service  of  the  Corporation  for  IS  yearn, 
and  had  a  wap"  of  £3  per  week.  Unfortonatcly  he  hod  fallen 
into  bad  company,  and,  to  incroaHO  hi8  mcanB,  had  nold  thoHC articles 
belong-inir  to  tho  department. 

Siiioiili'i'  Hovi),  in  pacHini;  sentence  of  six  months'  imprisonment 
with  hard  labour,  said  that  while  this  mi|;ht  bo  the  first  chorpo 
l)roupht  .af;ainst  the  accused,  it  was  a  very  serious  one. 


NATiONAii  Tklki'iione  .Vkiutkation  :    Qdkstion  or  Costs. 

Hiii'oRK  the  Railway  and  Canal  Commission  (Mr.  .Justice  A.  T. 
Lawrence,  the  Hon.  A.  E.  Gathorne-llardy  and  Sir  James  Wood- 
house)  was  mentioned  on  Monday  last  the  case  of  the  National 
Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.,  c  Ilis  .Majosty's  l'ostmaster-(ieneral. 

SlU  Ali'KKIJ  Ckii'I'.s,  K.C.on  behalf  of  the  company,  asked  that 
the  taxation  of  costs  mi^ht  be  on  the  hifrher  scale.  His  Lord.Hhip, 
he  said,  had  not  expressly  mentioned  that  it  should  be,  but  it  was 
usual  to  allow  higher  scale  costs  in  exceptional  casfs,  and  he 
thoupfht  he  mipfht  say  this  wa9  an  exceptional  case.  He  did  not 
know  what  attitude  the  Attorney -General  would  take,  but  all 
parties  were  desirous  that  the  taxation  should  gro  on. 

The  Attohmcy-Gknbkal  (Sir  Rufus  Isaacs,  KG.)  said  he  did 
not  desire  to  question  the  costs  being  given  on  the  higher  scale. 
It  was  a  question  entirely  for  his  Lordship  and  he,  therefore,  did 
not  desire  to  put  forward  any  argument.  His  Lordship  knew  all 
about  the  case,  and  anything  that  was  reasonable  and  right  they 
were  prepared  to  do.  They  did  not  want  to  pay  more,  and  at  the 
same  time  they  did  not  want  to  pay  less  than  his  Lordship  should 
think  was  reasonable  and  right. 

His  Lordship,  after  consultation  with  the  other  commissioners, 
said  that  they  thought  the  taxation  ought  to  be  on  the  higher 
scale. 

Sir  Alfred  said  he  was  obliged  to  his  Lordship,  and  under  these 
circumstances  the  matter  could  go  forward. 


Solomon  r.  Wells,  Raynek  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

On  Saturday  last,  in  the  King's  Bench  Division,  before  Mr.  Justice 
Rowlatt,  an  action  was  brought  against  defendants,  electrical 
engineers,  of  Paddington  Street,  W.,  by  Mr.  David  Carvalho  Solomon, 
who  was  formerly  in  their  employ. 

Me.  R.  p.  G.  Johnson,  on  behalf  of  plaintiff,  stated  that  his 
client  sought  to  recover  £126  83.  Gd.,  for  commission  due  and  pay- 
able under  an  agreement  dated  March  25th,  1912,  by  which 
defendants  agreed  to  pay  Mr.  Solomon  a  commission  of  2-1  per  cent, 
on  defendants'  turnover  in  their  electrical  business  above  £4,000, 
for  a  period  from  January  1st,  1912,  to  December  31st,  1912,  includ- 
ing net  cost  of  work  in  hand  at  December  31st,  1912,  such 
commifsion  to  be  payable  before  January  .Ust,  1913.  Defendants 
had  paid  into  Court  and  admitted  liability  of  £99  Is.  lOd.  out  of  the 
£126  8s.  6d.  The  position  was,  explained  counsel,  that  the 
defendant  company,  which  he  understood  was  a  private  company, 
carried  on  business  as  dealers  in  electrical  supplies.  In  May,  1911, 
plaintiff  entered  their  employment  when  something  was  said  about 
giving  plaintiff  an  interest  in  the  business,  and  it  was  agreed  that 
he  should  receive  besides  his  salary,  a  commission  on  the  turnover 
above  £4,000.  It  was  explained  to  Mr.  Solomon  that  the  business 
was  carried  on  in  such  a  way  that  until  they  had  a  turnover  of 
£4,000.  there  would  be  no  profit  accruing.  Mr.  McClelland,  the 
chief  shareholder  and  managing  director  of  the  business,  told 
plaintiff  what  the  amount  of  business  was  for  the  current  year  up 
to  that  time,  but  explained  that  they  expected  to  double  it  during 
1912,  and  said  that  the  £4,000  had  already  been  reached  during  the 
first  three  months  of  that  year.  There  was  also  some  mention  of  a 
large  country  job  in  particular,  the  order  tor  which  had  been  given 
in  1911,  and  upon  those  representations,  Mr.  Solomon  himself  drew 
up  a  form  of  agreement,  but  although  Mr.  McClelland  objected,  he 
signed  it  substantially  in  the  form  in  which  plaintiff  had  drawn  it 
up,  by  which  plaintiff  was  to  receive  £2  a  week  and  2 A  per  cent,  on 
the  turnover  over  £4,000,  including  net  cost  of  work  in  hand  at 
December  31st,  1912.  Nothing  further  came  of  the  matter  until  a 
day  or  two  before  the  agreement  ran  out,  when  Mr.  McClelland 
asked  plaintiff  whether  he  felt  he  was  entitled  to  commission  on 
1911  orders. 

His  LoBDSHiP  :  The  whole  question  is  the  application  of  the 
word  "turnover." 

Mr.  Johnson  agreed,  and  said  the  trouble  was  as  to  the  work 
remaining  unfinished  at  the  end  of  1911. 

Mr.  Cot  mbee,  on  behalf  of  the  defendant  company,  said  that 
the  plaintiff  knew  when  he  entered  into  the  agreement,  exactly 
what  was  intended  by  the  word  "turnover,  "  and  he  was  now  trying 
to  introduce  into  the  agreement  something  which  it  was  never 
agreed  between  the  parties  should  be  in  it.  The  balunce-sheet  was 
produced  to  plaintiff  at  the  time,  and  the  method  that  was  adopted 
for  arriving  at  the  turnover  on  which  the  commission  should  be 
based  was  quite  usual. 

After  hearing  evidence  on  both  sides  and  con.iiderable  legal  argu- 
ment, his  Lordship  said  he  saw  so  many  reasons  for  deciding  in 
favour  of  both  sides,  that  he  would  consider  his  judgment. 

On  Monday  Mr.  Justice  Rowlatt  delivered  judgment.  He 
said  that  the  point  in  dispute  merely  involved  the  construction 
of  a  document,  but  the  evidence  and  arguments  made  it  neces- 
sary that  he  should  carefully  consider  the  decision  to  which  he 
had  come.  The  plaintiff  made  an  "agreement  with  the 
defendants,  a  firm  of  electrical  engineers,  to  serve  them  for  a 
year,  and  they  agreed  to  pay  him  a  commission  of   2  J   per   cent. 


The  ilcfendaiilH  hiid  put  forwanl  iv^-AiUnin  for  th«  purpoae  of 
calculating  the  coinmi-<i»M  iihowinif  the  full  »moiint  of  the 
invoices  rendered  during  tho  yar,  anrl  o/ldcd  U>  that  wan  the  net 
lOft  of  tho  work  in  hand.  'rhr>r«  wan  no  dinputc  oh  U>  tboMS 
ligures,  but  they  had  ilodii'itwl  th<(  mt  <XMt  of  work  in 
hand  at  the  U'lfinning  of  the  year,  which  it  wan  raid  Ih^y  bad 
n'(  richt  to  do.  The  plaintiff  contonde*!  that  the  turnover 
of  tho  company  meant  the  aiiioant  of  the  invoiccn  rendered 
during  the  year.  lie  said  that  if  tho  turnover  waa  to  be 
taken  as  involving  the  exclu»ion  of  work  onflni»hed  at  the 
beginning  of  the  year,  then  the  clauM;  which  Huid,  '  ineludinir 
work  in  bond  in  Dcccmlicr,  1912.  "  was  of  no  effect  at  all.  He  said 
that  in  order  to  give  nieunine  to  thone  wordn,  they  muni  O'lupt  bia 
conitruction  that  the  word  including  '  mi-ant  in  addition  to.  Of 
cour.He  the  more  awiurate  turnover  wa»  the  actual  wi^rk  done  in 
the  year,  which  involved  the  exclusion  of  the  Ic-ginning  jiart.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  defendants  said  that  the  plaintiff  waa  jiaid  by 
salary  up  to  December  31st.  1911,  and  wos  not  paid  by  commimiion 
at  all,  and  that  he,  therefore,  had  no  interest  in  work  tjeing  done- 
up  to  that  time.  When  they  came  to  the  following  year  the  con- 
tract was  that  he  was  to  be  paid  by  commission  on  the  basinem  of 
the  company  for  the  period  during  which  he  engaged  himself  to 
serve  under  the  agreement.  He  (the  judge)  had  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  defendants  were  right.  He  thought  that  the 
governing  consideration  actually  was  that  the  plaintiff  was  going 
to  serve  for  a  year,  and  that  he  was  to  be  paid  by  i:oniHiission  on 
the  volume  of  business  done  during  that  period  only,  and  not 
something  more.  He  had  had  his  salary  up  to  the  end  of  the 
preceding  year.  The  best  construction  his  Lordship  could  put  upon 
the  agreement  was  that  it  was  to  be  assumed  that  he  was  not  to  be 
raid  commission  during  the  period  he  was  being  paid  by  salary. 
He,  therefore,  gave  judgment  for  the  defendants,  with  costs. 
Judgment -was  entered  accordingly. 


Important  Appeal  Case  re  Factory  Acts. 

At  the  Middlesex  Sessions,  held  at  Caxton  House,  WestmiDster,  on 
Monday,  before  Mr.  Montagu  Sharp  and  a  bench  of  magistrate*, 
the  appeal  of  the  North  Metropolitan  Electric  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  was 
heard  against  two  convictions  on  June  26th,  1912,  by  the  Highgate 
Magistrates  for  committing  breaches  of  Rules  18  (rf)  and  2.^  of  the 
Home  Office  Regulations  regarding  the  generation,  transformation 
and  use  of  electricity  in  factories  and  workshops. 

Mr.  Bodkin  appeared  for  the  appellants,  and  Mr.  J.  Hnnter  Gray 
and  Mr.  Boyd  for  the  respondents. 

Mr.  Gray  said  the  appeal  was  with  respect  to  two  convictions, 
but  it  would  be  convenient  to  take  them  together.  The  convictions 
were  for  failing  to  comply  with  certain  regulations  which  were 
issued  under  the  Factory  Acts  of  1901  and  1907  to  govern  the 
proper  protection  of  electric  supply  companies'  works.  The  drawing 
he  had  put  before  the  Court  was  the  Finchley  sub-station,  which 
was  supplied  with  electrical  energy  from  the  main  station  at  a 
very  high  voltage.  Energy  was  supplied  by  this  sub-station  to  the 
Metropolitan  Tramways  Co.  for  the  purpose  of  driving  their  tram- 
ways and  lighting  them,  and  for  some  other  subsidiary  work.  In 
the  room  of  which  he  produced  the  drawing  the  voltage  was  10,000 
volts.  It  was  not  necessary  that  each  conductor  should  he  of  10,000 
volts,  and  they  were  agreed  that  the  voltage  which  was  exposed  in 
the  case  they  were  considering  was  something  like  6,000,  and  strict 
precautions  had  to  be  taken  to  prevent  anyone  coming  in  contact 
with  a  conductor  carrying  such  high  voltage,  especially  as,  un- 
like other  sources  of  danger,  one  could  not  tee  that  the 
danger  was  there.  The  result  of  the  alleged  failure  on  the  part 
of  the  appellants  was  that  a  man  was  killed.  Counsel  proceeded 
to  direct  the  attention  of  the  Bench  to  the  drawing  of  the  room, 
and  pointed  out  the  cable  coming  in  from  the  main  station 
bringing  in  electrical  energy  at  10,00u  volts.  There  was  also  an  X 
on  the  drawing,  which  showed  a  porcelain  tube.  It  was  at  this 
point  that  a  part  of  the  conductor  was  bare,  and  it  was  at  this 
point  that  the  young  man  who  was  killed  came  in  contact  with  the 
conductor.  The  workman  who  was  killed,  whose  name  was  Arthur 
Shapcot,  had  the  duty  of  cleaning  certain  parts  of  the  machinery, 
and  on  March  25th,  1912,  during  the  night  he  was  cleanin;^  the  part 
just  above  the  bus-bars.  There  were  three  inverted  troughs,  and  above 
that  there  were  the  pressure  limit  resistances.  A  great  deal  of  dust 
got  on  to  these,  and  therefore  it  was  necessary  for  them  to  be  kept 
constantly  clean.  The  young  man  was  told  to  clean  these  pressure 
limit  resistances,  and  in  order  to  do  that  he  had  to  get  up  from 
the  floor,  because  the  height  of  the  pressure  limit  was  about  10  ft. 
from  the  ground.  He  appeared  to  have  got  on  to  the  right-hand 
oil  switch  cell,  and  from  that  position  to  have  dusted  part  of  these 
resistances.  Then  tv  some  means  or  other,  he  appeared  to  have 
gone  over  to  the  left-hand  oil  switch  cell,  so  as  to  finish  the 
cleaning  of  the  resistances  from  that  side.  Unfortunately,  while 
he  was  there  his  left  wrist  appeared  to  have  come  into  contact 
with  the  bare  conductor  at  the  part  marked  X  on  the  drawing,  and 
he  received  the  whole  6,000  volts  and  was  killed.  He  sub- 
mitted that  the  purpose  of  the  rules  of  the  Home  Ottice 
was  clearly  to  provide  against  accidents  of  this  kmd.  and 
what  the  legislature  had  done,  and  what  had  been  found  in 
practice  to  be  thenectssary  thing,  was  that  persons  who  had  to  do 
with  such  apparatus,  should  make  the  whole  of  the  room  dead. 
In  this  case  the  particular  part  of  the  room  where  the  yocng  man 
was  working  was  dead,  but  unless  the  adjoining  parts  of  the  apparatus 
were  also  dead  there  was  still  danger  and  liability  to  accident. 
Therefore  there  was  an  alternative  provision  made  in  the  regulations 
that  if  they  only  cut  off  sections  of  the  room  they  had  to  prcperly 
sen  en  off  the  adjoining  parts  so  that  accidents  might  be  avoided.  The 
contention  of  the  prosecution  was  that  the  part  marked  X  should 


676 


THE    ELECTRICAL   KSVIEW-        [Voi.  72.  No.  i,m,  apbil  25, 1913. 


have'becn  properly  "screened  off  so  that  the  young  man  in  groinp  on 
to  the  left-hand  oil  switch  for  the  purpose  of  cleaning:  could  not. 
tinder  any  circumstances,  have  come  into  contact  with  the  bare 
metal.  Sabstantiallr  that  was  the  whole  case.  Rule  2S  read  ; 
'■  (,'is)  No  person  except  an  authorised  person  or  a  competent  person 
actiofr  under  his  immediate  supervision,  shall  undertake  any  work 
where  technical  knowledge  or  experience  is  refjuired  in  order  ade- 
quately to  avoid  danger  ;  and  no  person  shall  work  alone  in  any  case 
in  which  the  Secretary  of  State  directs  that  he  shall  not.  No  person 
except  an  authorised  person  or  a  competent  person  over  2 1  years  of 
age  acting  under  his  immediate  supervision,  shall  undertake  any 
repair,  alteration,  extension,  cleaning  or  such  work  where  technical 
knowledge  or  experience  is  required,  in  order  to  avoid  danger,  and 
no  one  shall  do  such  work  unaccompanied."  On  the  night  in 
question,  the  young  man  was  accompanied  by  his  superior,  Thomas 
Styles,  and  the  contention  of  the  proceoution  was  that  he  was 
neither  an  authorised  person  nor  a  competent  person  over  21  years 
of  age.  To  see  what  an  authorised  person  was  they  had  to  look  at 
the  definition,  and  it  was  there  laid  down  :  —  "  '  Authorised  person  ' 
means  («)  the  occupier,  or  (J)  a  contractor  for  the  time  being 
under  contract  with  the  employer,  or  (r)  a  person  employed, 
appointed,  or  selected  by  the  occupier,  or  by  a  contractor  as  afore- 
said, to  carry  out  certain  duties  incidental  to  the  generation,  trans- 
formation, distribution,  or  use  of  electrical  energy,  such  occupier, 
contractor  or  person  being  a  person  who  is  competent  for  the  pur- 
poses of  the  regulation  in  which  the  term  is  used."'  Whether  this 
young  man  was  competent  as  defined  by  the  regulations  was  of 
course  a  matter  of  opinion,  but,  primn  facie,  he  would  say  that  the 
very  fact  of  his  being  killed  was  to  some  extent  evidence  that  he 
was  not  competent. 

Thoma.*  Geo.  Styles  said  he  was  26  years  of  age,  and  was  at  the 
Finchley  sub-station.  He  remembered  the  accident  to  Shapcot, 
who  was  his  assistant.  Witness  was  in  charge  of  the  room  in 
which  the  accident  took  place.  Shapcot  was  on  duty  on  the  night 
in  question,  and  was  instructed  to  clean  the  pressure  limits. 
Witness  was  standing  on  the  platform  higher  up  than  the  deceased. 
At  the  time  of  the  accident  the  bus-bars  on  the  left-hand  were 
completely  dead.  He  saw  a  great  flare  where  Shapcot  was  standing, 
and  went  to  him,  and  found  that  something  was  wrong  and  called 
assistance,  and  it  was  found  he  was  dead.  The  only  mark  he  saw 
wM  on  the  deceaseds  wrist.  The  deceased  had  a  piece  of  white  rag 
in  his  hand,  and  was  dusting  the  resistances.  He  did  not  know 
how  the  deceased  got  where  he  was.  The  union  just  inside  the 
insulator  was  bare. 

In  cross-examination,  witness  said  he  gave  evidence  at  the 
inquest  on  Shapcot,  and  the  jury  exonerated  him  from  all  blame. 
He  had  been  over  six  years  in  the  employ  of  the  company. 
He  started  at  the  Finchley  sub-station,  and  was  under  Mr.  Hunt, 
the  sub-station  engineer  in  charge.  He  was  promoted  to  be  charge 
attendant.  Before  being  promoted,  Mr.  Hunt  observed  his  work, 
and  questioned  him  from  time  to  time.  The  cleaning  was  carried 
out  once  a  week  by  different  shifts.  The  work  was  done  at  night, 
and  it  came  to  the  turn  of  each  shift  once  in  the  week.  Shapcot  had 
worked  five  or  six  times  with  him,  and  had  done  the  very  work 
they  were  doing  when  the  accident  happened.  Shapcot  was  an 
active  man,  and  was  very  keen  on  his  work.  He  understood 
deceased  had  had  three  terms  technical  instruction  at  the 
Tottenham  Institute.  He  found  the  deceased  very  competent. 
He  knew  under  the  regulations  that  he  would  not  be  allowed 
to  work  if  incompetent,  and  there  had  been  nothing  to  make 
him  regard  Shapcot  as  anything  but  a  perfectly  efficient  assistant. 
On  the  night  in  question  he  told  the  deceased  to  do  his 
work.  Deceased  used  the  same  ladder  as  he  did  to  get  to  do  the 
right-hand  oil  cells,  and  when  he  got  there  he  was  in  his  accus- 
tomed place  for  doing  the  work  where  he  had  been  on  previous 
occasions.  The  oil  or  brick  cells  were  about  6  ft.  high.  From  the 
position  in  which  the  deceased  usually  stood  he  could  by  stretching 
have  done  all  the  work  required.  He  would  of  course  have  either 
to  straddle  over  or  crawl  under  certain  cables. 

Counsel,  by  means  of  the  model,  took  the  witness  over  the  posi- 
tion occupied  by  the  deceased  on  the  night  in  question,  and  witness 
pointed  out  the  cables  which  were  dead.  There  were  various  peti- 
tions in  which  the  deceased  could  have  done  the  work,  and  witness 
would  have  had  no  hesitation  in  climbing  anywhere  about  on  the 
right' hand  side.  The  bus-bars  on  the  No.  1  side  that  night  were 
disconnected.  From  the  time  he  saw  the  deceased  doing  his 
work  to  the  time  he  saw  the  arc,  and  knew  there  was  troublr, 
was  hardly  any  time.  He  dropped  his  screwdriver,  and,  after 
stooping  to  pick  it  up,  he  saw  the  deceased  on  the  other  side  of  the 
passage,  and  saw  the  arc.  Counsel  took  witness  through  a  list  of 
a  number  of  other  duties  carried  out  by  deceased,  with  the  object 
of  proving  that  he  was  possessed  of  very  considerable  technical 
knowledge  and  skill.  Had  he  questioned  the  deceased  on  whether 
the  different  apparatus  in  the  room  were  live  or  dead  he  could  have 
told  him.  From  his  knowledge  of  the  place,  the  deceased  ought 
not  to  have  been  on  the  left-hand  side  at  all,  and  there  was  no 
necessity  for  him  to  be  there  for  the  purpose  of  doing  the  work  he 
had  to  do.  His  belief  was  that  the  deceased  did  not  touch  the  bare 
spot  at  all,  but  a  part  of  the  insulation  just  as  it  emerged  from  the 
porcelain  cover. 

The  Chair.max  :  Which  means  that  the  insulation  was  defective  .' 
— Witness  said  he  thought  the  deceased  caught  hold  of  it  to  steady 
himself,  and  the  insulation  was  not  strong  enough. 

In  re-examination,  Witness  said  the  deceased  would  not  often  go 
into  the  high-tension  room.  He  would  go  into  it  every  shift,  and  if 
anything  were  wrong  would  call  witness.  The  room  where  the  acci- 
dent took  place  was  the  most  dangerous  in  the  station.  It  was  not 
possible,  standing  on  the  oil  switch  on  the  right,  to  clean  the  whole 
of  the  bus-bars.  Witness  would  not  have  stood  on  the  left-band 
oil  switch.     He  believed  that  deceased  fully  understood  the  danger 


of  10,000  volts.      He  saw  the  deceased  get  on  to  the  left  side  in 
the  previous  week,  but  on  that  occasion  that  side  was  dead. 

Mr.  G.  Scott  IUm,  H.M.  Inspector  for  the  Home  Office,  said  he 
had  to  visit  electrical  stations  to  see  that  the  regulations  were  com- 
plied with,  and  he  went  to  the  Finchley  sub-station  after  the 
accident. 

Mb.  Gray  was  proceeding  to  put  it  to  witness  to  say  what  pro- 
vision might  have  been  made  in  the  station  to  prevent  the  action, 
when  Mr.  Bodkis  objected,  and  pointed  out  that  the  question  was 
whether  the  particular  regulations  had  been  contravened  or  not. 
These  regulations  had  the  force  of  an  Act  of  Parliament,  and  it  was 
no  part  of  the  duty  of  a  gentleman,  however  expert,  to  put  his 
interpretation  upon  any  section. 

Mr.  Gray  :  If  the  isolating  switch  bad  been  open  could  this 
accident  have  occurred  at  the  place  where  it  did  occur  ? — It  could 
not. 

If  the  isolation  switch  had  been  closed  and  a  screen  had  been 
placed  round  the  current  transformer,  could  that  accident  have 
happened  .' — No. 

Speaking  as  a  practical  man,  is  there  any  practical  diflSculty  in 
any  of  these  methods  of  avoiding  accidents  .' — None  whatever. 

Me.  Gray  :  Supposing  the  isolating  switch  were  on,  and  there 
were  no  screens,  is  there  any  other  way  of  rendering  the  whole 
of  that  room  dead  .' — The  cable  might  have  been  made  dead  from 
the  far  end 

The  Chairman  :  Then  that  is  a  third  alternative  .'—Yes.  It 
would  be  some  miles  away  at  the  next  sub- station. 

The  Chairman  :  But  that  would  be  impracticable  .' — It  is  very 
often  done  by  telephoning  to  the  other  station. 

Mr.  Gray  :  That  would  not  have  stopped  the  working  .'—No  :  the 
other  feeder  could  have  gone  on. 

Answering  further  questions  put  by  Mr.  Gray,  witness  said  that, 
in  his  opinion,  the  easiest  way  to  have  cleaned  the  pressure-limit 
resistance  would  be  first  to  clean  one  side,  standing  on  top  of  the 
right-hand  cell,  as  Shapcot  did,  and  then  it  would  be  the  easiest 
thing  to  clean  from  the  other  side.  He  did  not  consider  there  was 
any  difficulty  of  a  person  getting  across  from  one  side  of  the  passage 
to  the  other.  If  a  person  went  to  the  top  of  the  bus-bars  to  clean, 
there  was  nothing  to  prevent  him  from  coming  down  on  the  other 
side  on  to  the  left-hand  cell. 

Cross-examined  by  Mr.  Bodkin,  witness  said  it  was  easy  to  get 
across  from  the  right-hand  series  of  cells  to  the  left-hand.  He 
admitted  it  was  a  distance  of  at  least  2  ft.  6  in.,  and  that  a  man 
would  have  to  bend  down  to  make  himself  .S  ft.  2  in. 

Mr.  Bodkin  :  Active  official  as  you  are,  could  you  reduce  your 
height  to  3  ft.  2  in.  and  then  step  across  2  ft.  6  in. .'  -  Witness 
said  that  the  same  questions  were  put  to  him  at  the  Police  Court, 
and  he  gave  the  opinion  that  a  man  could  get  across.  He  had  been 
to  the  station  since  then,  and  saw  an  engineer  do  it. 

Replying  to  the  Chairman,  witness  said  he  had  not  been  to  this 
particular  station  before  the  accident,  but  he  had  been  to  other 
stations  of  the  same  company.  The  station  was  visited  by  other 
inspectors.  The  station  had  been  going  on  for  many  years,  and  he 
believed  it  had  been  inspected. 

If  this  is  60,  how  is  it  that  the  Home  Office  has  not  pointed  out 
this  defect  .'—It  is  not  the  duty  of  the  Home  Office  to  point  out  all 
defects.  The  duty  of  complying  with  the  regulations  is  upon  the 
occupier. 

How  can  they  say  whether  the  regulations  are  complied  with 
if  they  are  not  aware  of  the  defect .' — It  is  their  duty  to  be  aware. 

Then  why  is  not  this  pointed  out .'  I  want  to  be  perfectly  fair. 
Here  is  a  Government  department  supposed  to  overlook  buildings. 
This  has  gone  on  for  some  years,  and  then  there  is  an  accident,  and 
the  Home  Office  say:  "Why  is  not  this  done.'"'  If  the  Home 
Office  officials  did  their  work  properly  they  would  have  detected 
this  dangerous  spot .' — It  is  a  regulation  dealing  with  special  work 
and  repairs,  and  extensions.  The  Home  Office  official  might  go 
to  that  building  once  a  week  and  never  catch  them  at  this  particular 
cleaning  work.  This  regulation  requires  that  certain  things  are  to 
be  done  when  you  do  certain  work,  but  you  might  go  a  hundred 
times  and  not  see  that  work  done. 

But  the  inspector  would  know  when  it  was  cleaned  ;  certain 
men  would  have  to  be  in  certain  positions  .' — He  would  know 
certain  things  ought  to  be  done  when  it  was  cleaned,  but  it  is  no 
matter  to  the  inspector  what  they  do  if  they  make  it  safe  in  accord- 
ance with  the  regulations.  If  the  switch  had  been  off  everything 
would  have  been  safe  and  the  regulations  would  have  been  complied 
with,  but  they  did  not  do  that.  They  chose  to  have  another  method, 
and  in  choosing  that  they  did  not  make  the  proper  provision. 

How  is  it  that  the  Home  Office,  with  all  this  inspection,  did  not 
foresee  these  things,  and  point  out  to  the  officials  the  chance  of  a 
possible  accident .'  Yon  are  the  expert .' — We  told  them  in  the  regu- 
lations that  when  anything  has  to  be  done  on  the  switchboard  they 
shall  do  either  of  two  things,  and  they  have  done  neither.  It  is 
impossible  for  the  Home  Office  to  send  inspectors  out  to  see  to  these, 
as  they  do  not  know  when  the  work  is  to  be  done. 

This  closed  the  case  for  the  respondents. 
(To  he  coTitinufd .') 

We  shall  complete  our  report  of  the  hearing  in  our  next  issue, 
but  the  result  may  now  be  given. 

The  Chairman  said  the  Bench  were  unanimous  in  their  decision. 
As  regarded  the  conviction  under  Regulation  18,  they  were  of 
opinion  that  the  appellants  should  have  opened  the  switch,  which 
would  reduce  that  point  of  danger.  Therefore,  in  that  case,  they 
thought  the  appeal  must  be  dismissed,  but  that  the  penalty  should 
be  reduced  to  £10  10s.  With  regard  to  the  conviction  under  Regu- 
lation 28,  they  were  of  opinion  that  within  the  technical  meaning 
of  the  regulation  Shapcot  was  an  authorised  person,  and  in  that 
case  the  appeal  was  allowed.     Jhey  made  no  order  as  to  costs. 


Vol.72.  No.  1,818, APBIL2&,  1913.]       THE    ELEOTRICAJL    llEViEV/. 


677 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Electric  Clocks  at  the  (Client  Exhibition.— We  are 

informed  that  niiioii);  tho  many  interoHtin);  thinKH  iihown  at  II. M. 
I'OBt  OtKoe  exhibit  at  Cihcnt  Exhibition,  wliich  in  to  be  opened 
this  week,  m  an  inetallatian  of  electric  clockx  made  by  the 
Silent  Electuk;  Clock  Co.,  Ltd,  of  London.  In  the  centre  of 
the  Stand  is  a  hanp^ing  clock  with  four  fooec,  while  other  emaller 
clocks  are  placed  elsewhere — the  whole  installation  beini?  controlled 
from  one  master  clock.  These  clocks  are  of  the  standard  pattern 
as  supplied  to  H.M.  I'ost  OUice,  for  which  department  the  Silent 
Co.  have  carried  out,  and  are  now  carryinfr  out,  many  important 
electric  clock  installations.  The  main  feature  of  this  company's 
system  lies  in  the  "  rotary  armature  "  dial  mechanism  invented  by 
Mr.  CJ.  B.  Bowell. 

Electric  Laundry  Irons. — Referring  to  the  letter  of 

"  Ironical,"  in  our  issue  of  the  11th  inst.,  Mr.  G.  Maurice,  manager 
of  the  fixture  and  heatinjj  departments  of  the  G.E.C.,  agrees  that  the 
writer's  remarks  would  have  been  fully  justified  up  to  quite  recently. 
The  General  Electric  Co.,  however,  has  recently  placed  upon 
the  market  a  "Magnet'  electric  laundry  iron,  which  will  do 
away  with  most  of  the  objections  raised  by  our  correspondent  to 
this  class  of  electric-heating  apparatus,  and  to  demonstrate  the 
progress  made  in  this  class  of  goods,  the  company  would  have  much 
pleasure  in  submitting  to  "  Ironical  "  a  sample  of  these  "  Magnet  " 
laundry  irons  to  test. 

Referring  to  the  same  correspondence,  Messbs.  Simplex 
t'ONDL'iTS,  Ltd.,  inform  us  that  they  have  supplied  a  large  number 
of  their  ''Service"  type  iron.  This  iron  .was  described  in  our  issue 
of  April  5th,  1912,  and  is  provided  with  special  means  of  protecting 
the  connector  and  with  a  revolving  connection  box,  which  takes  up 
any  twisting  of  the  connecting  wires  when  the  iron  is  in  use,  pre- 
venting the  frequent  failures  attributable  to  this  cause.  They  send 
us  an  interesting  report  from  the  chief  engineer  of  Dundee  regard- 
ing a  number  of  these  irons  in  use  at  the  laundry  attached  to  the 
King  8  Cross  Hospital  at  Dundee,  which  is  worth  reproduction,  as 
showing  the  economy  of  electric  irons  : — 

Weight  of  irons  in  use  :  Two  Si-lb.,  one  12-lb.  ■ 

All.  of 
Dati'.  Material  Ironed.  imrkers. 

Monday,  Feb.  17th,  1913...     21  pieces  of  flannel  ;         "I  , 

27  unstarched  dresses.        J 

Tuesday      10  pieces  body  linen      ...  1 

Wednesday 150  aprons  ...         ...  2 

Thursday Collars,    cuffs,   belts,   ties,  I 

caps,  small  pieces  of  finery  >  2 

and  130  bibs  of  aprons.     J 

Friday        ~. 16  starched   dresses    and!  , 

petticoats  J 

Units  used  for  week,  42  ;  at  Id.  =  :5s.  6d. 
Coa!  previously  used,  .'is.  (id.     Net  saving  for  week,  2s. 

.\('.  ,i/ 
Date.  Material  Ironed.  irorJters. 

Monday,  Feb.  2-lth,  1913...     24  unstarched  dresses       ...  1 

Tuesday      27  pairs  of  flannel  l  , 

38  underclothing  J 

Wednesday 147  aprons  2 

Thursday   ...         432  articles  2 

Friday        14  starched    dresses   and  "I 

small  finery  J 

Units  used  for  week,  58  ;  at  Id.  =  4a.  lOd. 
Coal  previously  used,  value  Os.  6d.     Net  saving  per  week,  Is.  Sd. 

The  workers  state  that  the  irons  are  eminently  satisfactory,  as, 
owing  to  the  fact  that  the  irons  are  always  ready,  the  time  taken 
to  do  the  work  in  hand  is  very  much  lessened  ;  also  the  comfort, 
compared  with  the  awful  heat  experienced  before,  is  unique.  The 
management  have  since  gone  in  for  a  glossing  iron  for  the 
collars  and  cuffs,  which  now  does  away  with  the  old  coal  stove 
entirely. 

Siemens     on     Parade.  —  Messrs.    Siemens     Bros. 

Dt:namo  Works,  Ltd.,  of  Dalston,  obtained  both  a  first  and  second 
prize  at  the  London  Van  Horse  Parade  in  Regent's  Park.  As  many 
of  our  readers  are  aware,  the  firm's  delivery  vans  are  used  for  dis- 
playing their  well-known  posters. 

New  Zealand's  Electrical  Manufactures. — From  the 

report  of  the  industrial  census  of  New  Zealand  taken  in  1911,  which 
has  lately  been  issued,  it  appears  that  the  value  of  the  productions 
of  the  electrical  engineering  concerns  in  the  Dominion  in  that  year 
amounted  to  £69,673. 

Book  Notices. — Chronique  Illiistree  dti  Conrours  Jnler- 
national  de  Ti'ligraithie  Pratique.  Turin.  1911.  Milan:  from  the 
Author.  Price  20  fr. — This  really  magnificent  souvenir  of  the  1911 
competitions  at  Turin,  prepared  by  Sig.  F.  Geronimi,  constitutes  a 
complete  record  of  the  organisation,  execution,  and  consummation  of 
of  the  noteworthy  event,  which  took  place  during  the  run  of  the 
Exhibition  at  Turin.  Most  ample  information  is  given  regarding 
the  arrangements  that  were  made,  and  the  volume  is  replete  with 
photographic  illustrations,  many  of  which  are  very  beautiful.  A 
full  account  is  also  given  of  the  proceedings  at  Como  in  honour  of 
Volta,  and  of  the  celebrations  at  Milan,  followed  by  a  chronicle  of 
the  closing  visit  to  Rome,  and  much  other  matter.  Unfortunately, 
there  was  only  one  British  competitor  on  this  occasion,  so  that  the 
results  of  the  trials  are  of  little  interest  to  this  country  ;  but  the 


1 


wurk  ttH  a  wbulu  will  be  invaluable  when  the  urKki>i«*tion  of  • 
similar  international  coinpotition  in  uud<-r  conxidiiratirin,  and  we 
must  txprefiH  our  adininition  of  lh<!  munnnr  in  which  this  volume 
has  been  written,  illuKtrntK)   printed  and  bound. 

"  Proceed  irij/n  of  the  American  Inntitute  of  Klectrickl  Kngincen.' 
Vol.  X.XXII,  Xo.  I.  April,  iyi:<.  New  Vork  :  The  IngtUnle. 
Price  1 1. 00. 

"''I'ran.iactiu/in  of  the  In«titution  of  Engineersand  Shipbnildernin 
Scotland."     PartVi.     i;iI2-13.     Olacgow     The  Iniititution 

"  DcHcrizionc    una    Macchinetta     EU-ltro-Mngnetico  Hy     l>r. 

Antonia  Pacinolti.     Milan     AnHocinzionc  Elcttrot«cni<;a  Italiana. 

"  Traii!ia(iiiiii.i  ot  the  .Noith-Eaht  Coast  Iimtitation  of  Enginetrn 
and  Shipbuilders."  Vol.  .WIX.  Part  '..  April,  1913.  NewcaHtle- 
on-Tyne  :  The  Institution.     Price  Gb. 

"Journal  ot  the  Franklin  InHtitute."  Vol.  CLXXV,  No.  J. 
April,  1913.    Philadelphia,  Pa.  ;  The  Institute.     Price  oO  cent*. 

"Journal  of  the  Rontgen  Society."  Vol.  I.X,  No.  ■'•'j.  April. 
IH13.     London  :  Smith  A:  Ebbs,  Ltd.     Price  4b.  net. 

French    Electrical     Imports. — The    value    of    the 

dynamo-electric  machinery  imported  into  France  last  year  amoonteil 
to  only  je:!71,92(i,  as  compared  with  filHfiM)  in  IVll.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  imports  of  electrical  and  electrotechnic-al  apparatiiH 
increased  in  value  from  i' .".71, 200  to  £i'.71,600. 

Bankruptcy   Proceedings.— Samiki.  s.mith   (trading 

as  Smith  &  Sons),  22a,  24  and  26,  Victoria  Sfjuare.  Widnes.  Lan- 
caster, electrical  engineer,  \c. — The  adjourned  public  examination 
of  the  above-named  debtor  was  held  at  the  Court  Hou^e.  Govern- 
ment liuildir.ys,  \'ictorin  Street,  Liverpool,  last  ^londay.  It  wan 
reported  that  there  had  lieen  disputes  between  the  debtor  and  hiw 
sons  as  to  the  conduct  of  the  business,  and  a  deed  of  assignment  was 
executed,  but  later,  finding  himself  in  diflBcnltief.  debtor  filed  his 
petition.  There  had,  in  the  meantime,  been  a  proposal  to  convert 
the  business  into  a  company,  but  the  matter  had  fallen  through 
The  Official  Receiver  stated  that  the  deed  of  assignment  was 
executed  about  seven  months  before  the  date  of  the  petition,  and 
that  the  deed  became  operative.  He  (debtor)  filed  a  statement 
showing  an  estimated  surplus  of  £750.  In  regard  to  the  assets  the 
debtor  stated  that  £750  was  the  surplus  if  the  e.^latc  had  been 
realised  promptly  and  properly,  but  he  did  not  think  there  would 
be  that  amount  of  surplus  now.  Under  those  circumstances,  the 
accounts  would  have  to  be  amended.  Subject  to  the  accounts  being 
amended,  the  examination  was  closed. 

Liquidations. — Tiik  Oilrkrt  Arc  Lami*  Co.,  Ltd. — 

Creditors  must  send  particulars  of  their  debts,  kc,  to  Mr.  W.  A. 
Henderson,  3,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.G..  the  liquidator,  by  May  I'ith. 

Bebry  Coxsteuction  Co.,  Ltd. — A  meeting  is  called  for 
May  22nd  at  29a,  Charing  Cross  Road,  W.C..  to  hear  an  account 
of  the  winding-up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  J.  C.  Wrist. 

Acoustic  Patents,  Ltd.,  353,  Oxford  Street,  London,  W'.-- 
Date  of  release  of  liquidator,  April  10th. 

Patent  Application. — Application  has  been  made  for 
the  restoration  of  Patent  No.  22..>*19  of  1908,  granted  to  Thomas 
.John  Murday  for  "  Improvements  in  Primary  PUectric  Clocks." 

Safety  Lamp  Approved. — The  Lomlon  Gazelle  contains 
notice  of  approval  by  the  Home  Office,  of  the  Gray-Sussmanu 
electric  safety  lamps,  Nos.  3  and  4,  for  use  in  all  mines  covered  by 
the  Coal  Mines  Act,  1911. 

For  Sale. — Messra.  F.  Huddleston  lV;  Co.  will,  on  May  1st, 
sell  by  auction,  at  Dalling  Road,  Hammersmith,  a  large  quantity  of 
electrical  apparatus.    See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

Trade  Announcements.— Arrangements  have  been 
completed  for  the  continuance  of  the  old-established  business  of 
John  Musgrave  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  by  a  new  company  with  a  cash 
capital  of  £80,000,  which  was  duly  registered  on  March  12th. 
Such  new  company,  in  addition  to  acquiring  the  assets  of  the  old 
company,  has  purchased  the  goodwill  and  patterns  of  the  business 
of  Messrs.  J.  &  E.  Wood,  engineer?,  of  Bolton,  and  Mr.  Henry  Wood 
will  act  as  a  director.  The  name  of  the  new  firm  is  John 
Musgrave  &  Sons  (1913),  Ltd.,  and  its  address  Globe  Ironworks, 
Bolton.  It  is  stated  that  ths  new  capital  introduced  into  the  con- 
cern is  ample  for  its  requirements. 

Messrs.  J.  Price  x  Sox,  electricians,  ic,  have  opened  new 
premises  at  113,  Bedford  Road,  Bock  Ferry,  near  Birkenhead. 

Messrs.  Marsh,  Sox  &  Co..  dealers  in  electrical  fittings,  are 
relinquishing  their  depot  at  11,  Upper  Priory,  Birmingham. 

Messrs.  H.  \V.  Bctler  &  Co.,  of  Craven  House,  Kingsway,  W.C. 
have  been  appointed  agents  for  London  and  district  for  Messr? 
James  Maclntyre  \-  Co.,  Ltd  .  of  Burslem,  makers  of  electrical 
porcelain. 

Catalogues  and  Lists.— Mkssrs.  C.  E.  Ligari>  a-  Co., 

Chester.— Illustrated  pamphlet  of  28  pages,  fully  detailing  and 
showing  by  means  of  halftcnss  and  line  diagrams,  the  Vnlkan  drive 
applied  to  several  makes  of  planing  machines— the  Vulkan  reversing 
electro-magnetic  clutch  and  the  automatic  reversing  switch. 

Messrs.  Sie.mexs  Bros.  Dvxa.mo  Works,  Ltd..  Tyssen  Street. 
Dalston,  N.E.— Eight-page  booklet,  giving  full  particulars  of  their 
series  system  of  h.c  p.  illumination,  as  at  present  applied  to  street 
lighting  by  the  Brighton  Corporation.  It  is  claimed  for  the 
Brighton  system  that  low-voltage  uc.p.  "  Wotan"  lamps  can  be 
used  for  replacing  series  arc  lamps,  with  a  considerable  reduction 
in  working  and  maintenance  costs.  The  existing  wiring  can  be 
employed  and  the  same  substitutional  resistances. 

The  Eli;ctkual  Co..  Lti>..  Charing  Cross  R^ad.  W.C— April 
stock  list  of  A.c.  and  c.c.  motors,  kinematograph  sets,  \c. 

£ 


678 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       LVoi.  72.  No.  i,848,  afwl  25,  1913. 


ItKSsa*.  Pettebs,  Ltd.,  A3,  Qae«n  Viotnria  ^itreet,  London, 
EC.-New  16-pB^  oat&loKae,  with  excellent  art  ooloured  pictaTee. 
giriag  desoriptiun,  specit^cation,  resalte  of  tosts,  Ju;.,  of  the  Fetter 
patent  semi-Diesel  crude  oil  enf^inea. 

The  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltp  ,  67,  Queen  Victoria  Street 
London,  EC. — Publication  No.  I,ii62  (eipht  pa^es),  containing 
fally- illustrated  particulars  and  prices  of  the  "Magic'  anction 
cleaner,  thi  "  Little  Briton,"  "  Rapid.  "  "  Express,"  and  "  Tnrbine "' 
vacuum  cleaners,  and  attachniente  for  use  with  them. 

Me.ssrs.  VeritV!<,  Ltd.,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London, 
W.C. — Xew  pablication  Xo.  7")1,  contains  some  illustrated  informa- 
tion concerning  the  "  Aston  "  totally-enclosed  and  ventilated  type 
motors,  ranging  from  J  to  >^0  ii  h  p.  Tabular  particulars  are  given 
for  such  motors  for  voltages  ranging  from  1 10  to  ."lOO  volts. 

Messrs.  Scholey  4:  Co..  Ltd.,  l.jl,  yueen  Victoria  Street. 
London,  EC. — Small  pocket  pamphlet,  entitled  "The  "Leakage"  at 
your  Lift — have  yon  Noticed  It .'  "  in  which  the  waste  occurring  in 
hydraulic  installations  is  alluded  to  and  the  merits  of  the  Graham 
electric  lift  are  summarised. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


.irtOD.  —  The  T'.D.C.  has  requested  the  ^Metropolitan 
Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  to  submit  an  estimate  for  the  lig^ht- 
ing  of  the  public  baths,  library,  and  Council  offices,  and  also 
for  supplying  electricity  for  power  for  the  artesian  well  and  other 
purposes  at  the  public  baths. 

.irn^entina. — The  Compania  .\lemana  Transatlantica  de 
Electricidad  is  nitiking  active  propaganda  in  connection  with  the 
use  of  articles  of  domestic  use,  such  as  kettles,  irons,  toasters, 
heaters,  ic,  which  have  not  yet  to  any  great  extent  been  adopted 
in  Buenos  Ayres. 

So  as  to  meet  the  increased  service  in  Concepcion  del  Uruguay, 
the  Anglo-Argentine  Electricity  Co.  will  shortly  commence  the 
construction  of  a  new  power  house,  plans  of  which  have  already 
been  approved. — Rfiim-  of  the  Hirer  Plate. 

Ayrshire. — Two  new  pits  which  have  been  put  down  near 
Dreghom  by  Messrs.  \Vm.  Baird  A:  Co.,  are  to  be  equipped  with 
modem  electric  plant,  including  electric  motors  for  winding. 

Bindley  (near  Keitrhley). — The  U.D.C.  proposes  to 

erect  an  electricity  sub-station  upon  a  portion  of  the  market  site. 

Birkenhead,  —  At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C.,  Alderman 
T.  S.  Deakin,  in  presenting  the  estimates  for  the  year,  said  the 
Electricity  Committee  had  come  forward  with  a  contribution  of 
£2,000,  which  was  £500  above  that  included  in  the  estimates  for 
the  .vear  1912-13.  In  addition  to  this,  the  Committee  believed  that 
it  would  be  able  to  increase  the  renewals  fund  by  over  £2,000,  which 
would  raise  that  fund  to  somewhere  about  8  per  cent,  of  the  total 
capital  outlay.  The  Tramways  Committee's  trafiBc  receipts  showed 
a  considerable  increase,  the  figures  for  1912-13  being  practically 
£2, 00<)  above  those  for  1911-12,  and  some  £1.700  in  excess  of  the 
estimated  income.  It  expected  to  do  even  better  in  this  respect 
during  the  present  year,  and  to  be  able  at  its  close  to  swell  the 
renewals  fund  by  £2,100.  This  was  essential  owing  to  the  neces- 
sity of  providing  fnnds  for  the  renewal  of  the  tracks,  which  work 
would  probably  have  to  be  faced  in  the  near  future.  At  March 
3l8t  the  fund  amounted  to  not  more  than  £14.000,  which  was  rather 
less  than  4  per  cent,  of  the  amount  expended  on  capital  account — 
none  too  big  a  reserve  when  bearing  in  mind  that  the  undertaking 
would  not  be  freed  from  delit  for  a  further  16  years.  In  the  dis- 
cnaeion  which  followed.  Mr.  D.  J.  Clarke  said  that  the  total  capital 
expenditure  of  the  Electricity  Committee  was  £!"•;, 797,  and  the 
outstanding  debt  £131,017:  therefore,  the  Committee  had  paid 
back  £45,00o,  and  it  had  a  reserve  fund  of  £10.063. 

Blackburn, — At  a  meeting  of  the  Corporation  Electricity 
Committee,  on  Monday  evening,  Mr.  P.  P.  Wheelwright,  electrical 
engineer,  submitted  his  scheme  for  erecting  and  equipping  a  new 
electrical  station  at  Greenbank,  at  a  cost  of  £75,800.  This  was 
adopted  after  discussion.  The  new  premises  are  not  intended  to 
supersede  the  present  establishment  in  Jubilee  Street,  where  new 
machinery  has  just  been  installed,  but  rather  to  act  as  an  adjunct 
to  it.  The  demand  for  power  is  gradually  in'^reasing,  owing  to  its 
more  general  adoption  for  houses  and  for  mills  and  factories.  Mr. 
Wheelwright  says  that  what  is  required  is  an  increase  in  productive 
power  to  enable  the  department  to  keep  ahead  of  the  demands,  and 
not  to  have  to  refuse  customers  in  the  future.  It  is  true  that  the 
present  plant  is  not  yet  fully  loaded  np,  but  it  must  be  borne  in 
mind  that  a  long  period  after  the  adoption  of  a  scheme  must  elapse 
before  the  new  station  can  be  erected  and  completed  ready  to  give 
a  supply  of  energy.  The  new  station  is  proposed  to  accommodate 
about  10,000  KW.  of  plant. 

Bridlinirton. — A  L.G.B.  inquiry  has  been  held  into  the 

application  of  the  Council  to  borrow  £5,000  for  the  purposes  of  the 
electrical  undertaking.  The  electrical  engineer  (Mr.  A.  J.  Beckett) 
stated  that  the  demand  for  current  was  greater  at  the  present  time 
than  it  had  ever  been  in  the  past,  and  it  was  likely  that  further 
application  would  have  to  be  made  for  another  loan  for  mains  and 
services,  amounting  to  £3,500.  The  profit  made  at  the  works  since 
they  were  opened  was   about  £2,784,  and  there  was  a  small  reserve 


fund.  Th<  AfiOOO  Included  &'2,W5  for  generator  ;  «U0  for 
pipes,  Jio.  .  AS20  for  iwitchboard  ;  £10u  for  oontingencles  ,  £500 
for  new  pipes  and  extenstons  ;  and  £200  for  air  filter  and  founda- 
tions, The  total  amount  Ixtrrowed  for  the  electrical  andertakin^ 
was  £47,12.')  of  which  £46,746  had  been  expended  np  to 
March  31st. 

Bristol, — To  the  annual  report  of  the  Bristol  Chamber 
of  Commence  about  to  be  issued  for  consideration  at  the  meeting  of 
this  organisation  on  May  22nd,  an  interesting  report  is  contributed 
with  regard  to  the  Corporation  electrical  supply.  An  optimistic 
tone  characterises  the  statement,  in  which  the  following  occurs  ; — 

"  Progress  by  the  Bristol  Electricity  Department  has  been  most 
marked  during  the  year.  The  net  number  of  new  consumers  added 
to  the  books  was  357,  being  the  highest  number  recorded 
since  the  inception  of  the  undertaking,  and  comparing  most  favour- 
ably with  the  increase  of  62  new  consumers  in  1911,  which  yejur 
itself  was  a  very  good  one.  The  additions  to  the  system  in  the 
equivalent  of  lamps  of  30  watts,  equalled  51,.")7<),  as  compared  with 
2-J,5t;2  in  1911. 

"The  most  recent  and  interesting  development  in  connection  with 
the  department  has  been  the  introduction  of  electric  cooking  stoves. 
The  Electricity  Department  has  kept  in  touch  with  the  modern 
demands,  and  is  supplying  electric  stoves  as  rapidly  as  they  can  be 
obtained  from  the  makers  for  cash,  or  on  hire-purchase  terms.  A 
considerable  number  has  been  disposed  of  in  this  way,  and  by 
advertising,  systematic  interviewing  and  public  exhibitions  the 
uses  of  electricity  for  cooking,  and  for  other  domestic  purposes,  i« 
being  kept  well  before  the  Bristol  consumers  and  prospective  con- 
sumers, and  the  use  of  electricity  for  all  purposes  is  steadily 
advancing  in  public  favour.  A  special  low  rate  is  charged  for 
cooking. 

"  Power  matters  have  progressed  most  satisfactorily,  and  a  great 
confidence  in  electricity  as  a  source  of  power  has  been  firmly 
established  in  Bristol.  The  total  h. p.  connected  to  the  mains  at 
theend  of  the  year  exceeded  13,00o  b.h.p.  The  following  are  some 
of  the  trades  using  electricity  for  power  : — Tobacco,  cocoa,  print- 
ing, leather,  confectionery,  cloth,  joinery,  galvanised  iron,  brewing, 
paper-making,  engineering  and  cold  storage,  and  during  the  year 
there  has  been  added  a  very  large  flour  mill. 

"  The  results  of  the  introduction  of  the  hire-purchase  of  install- 
ations department  have  again  been  most  gratifying,  a  considerable 
percentage  of  the  increase  of  consumers  being  due  to  the  facilities 
afforded  for  acquiring  installations  on  deferred  payment  terms.' 

Colwyn  Bay. — The  abstract  of  accounts  of  the  I'.D.C, 
for  the  year  ended  March  31st.  1913.  shows  that  the  gross  profit 
on  the  electricity  undertaking  was  £3,482. 

Delabole. — This  village  Js  to  be  lighted  by  electricity, 
the  old  Delabole  Slate  Co.  having  promised  to  supply  energy  at  a 
cost  of  about  £1  per  lamp  per  annum.  In  order  to  carry  out  the 
scheme  the  ratepayers  have  adopted  the  Lighting  Act. 

Doneaster. — In  connection  with  the  R.D.C'.'s  scheme  of 
sewerage  works  at  Askem,  the  L.G.B.  has  sanctioned  the  borrow- 
ing of  i:3,165  and  £500,  the  latter  amount  being  for  electric  motors 
and  pumps. 

The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  the  T.C.  an  order  to  enable  electricity 
to  be  supplied  by  the  Corporation  within  the  areas  of  the  Bentley- 
with-Arksey  and  Balby-with-Hexthorpe  Urban  Councils. 

Dublin . — An  examination  of  the  details  of  the  Public 
Lighting  Committee's  estimates  discloses  the  fact  that  the 
income  estimated  for  the  current  year  at  £95,075  is  now  expected 
to  reach  £95,233,  while  the  Committee  has  set  down  as  the  probable 
income  for  the  ensuing  12  months  the  sum  of  £108,096,  which  it  is 
confident  will  be  realised.  The  working  expenses  have,  however, 
shown  an  increase  from  £37,857  to  £41,413,  practically  all  of  which 
is  accounted  for  by  the  increase  in  the  cost  of  coal  of  £2.650,  and 
of  wages  and  materials  of  £840.  After  providirg  for  interest  and 
repayment  of  loans,  the  Committee  estimated  to  have  a  surplus  for 
the  current  year  of  £16,724,  which  is  now  expected  to  realise  only 
£13,326.  The  surplus,  of  course,  would  have  approximated  more 
closely  to  that  anticipated  when  presenting  last  year's  estimate 
were  it  not  for  the  increase  above  referred  to.  A  sum  of  £3,331  is 
proposed  to  be  allocated  in  relief  of  next  year's  rates  out  of  this 
surplus,  and,  taking  this  with  an  amount  which  the  Council  resolved 
last  year  to  transfer,  the  total  sum  brought  to  relief  of  rates  for  the 
current,  and  the  coming,  year  amounts  to  £8,831.  An  alternator 
has  been  renewed  at  an  expenditure  of  £1,500  out  of  the  profits  of 
the  current  year. 

Ealing;. — Having  further  considered  the  proposals  of 
the  Fixed  Price  Light  Co.  for  the  adoption  of  a  scheme  for  the 
lighting  of  email  houses,  the  Electricity  Committee  of  the  B.C.  has 
ordered  a  reply  to  be  sent  to  the  company  that,  at  the  present  time, 
it  is  not  prepared  to  accept  the  offer. 

Edinburgh, — It  was  reported  to  the  Electric  Lighting 
Committee  that  the  estimate  of  expenditure  in  connection  with  the 
department  for  the  year  1913-14  is  £80,265,  as  against  an  estimated 
expenditure  for  1912-13  of  £7,3,470,  and  an  actual  expenditure  in 
1911-12  of  £6!>.640.  The  estimated  revenue  is  £142,660,  as  com- 
pared with  an  estimate  of  £13.". 410  in  1912-13,  and  an  actual 
revenue  of  £131,678  in  1911-12.  The  sum  estimated  for  cost  of 
coal  is  £30,000,  as  against  £24.000  last  year. 

The  Electric  Lighting  Committee  has  agreed  to  extend  the  mains 
to  Cramond,  provided  the  consent  of  the  B.  of  T.,  the  County 
Council  and  the  Lothian  s  Power  Co.  is  obtained.  The  extension 
will  cost  about  £900.  The  Corpora*:ion  mains  at  present  extend  to 
Craigcrook  Castle,  and  it  is  expected  that  a  number  of  residents 


Vol,  71  No.  i,84«,  AFRin  86,  1918.]       THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


(',19 


and  proprletoiB  In  the  (Jr&mond  dintriut  will  tak«  aiivantik4{H  of  thi) 
further  extension. 

1  he  Klectrio  I.iffhtini?  Committee  has  alwo  approved  of  tho  pro- 
\om\  to  supply  electricity  to  Redford  Barraokn  direct  from  the  city 
tiiaiiK.  The  cont  of  the  supply  will  he  Id.  per  unit  more  then 
the  ni'  )  within  the  city. 

(lir;  :isUy, — A   L.d.li.  iii(|iiiry  was  held    on  April   Kith, 

into  the  application  of  the  T.C  ,  for  loans  of  il'J.'.iOO  for  new  plant 
for  the  oloctrio  liji-ht  works,  and  £8,000  for  mains  and  servicen. 
The  inspector,  Mr. 'I'.  0.  Ekin,  sufrifeBted  that  a  sum  of  £ii,()O0  in 
the  elnkinur  fund,  which  accumulated  dnrini?  the  first  three  years 
of  the  undertakini;  before  a  regular  loan  wa.-*  taken  up,  should  be 
1  tilif(  i  i:i  respect  of  the  present  application.  In  conscciuence,  the 
<!oun  il  revised  the  application  to  £9,:i00,  made  up  as  under:- 
Tarbine  and  condensinc  plant.  £7,6UU  ;  switchboard  and  cables, 
£300  ;  pipework,  £(iOO  ;  foundations,  £250  ;  additional  feeder 
panel,  tlOO;  extension  of  cooling  towerp,  £200;  oil  separator. 
£1.50;  contingencies,    i;200. 

Harwich.  —  Efforts  are  being  made  to  form  a  local 
electric  light  and  power  company,  for  the  purpose  of  supplying 
"  cheap  electricity  '  to  the  district. 

Hazel  Grove. — The  B.  of  T.  has  issued  a  prov.  order  to 
the  Hazel  Grove  and  Brarahall  U.D.C.,  authorising  it  to  supply 
electrical  energy  for  public  and  private  purposes  in  the  urban 
district. 

"Hicham  Ferrers.— fc^leetrical  mains  are  about  to  be  laid 
in  the  town,  the  company  holding  the  Order  having  informed  the 
T.C.  that  it  will  forthwith  commence  the  laving  of  mains  in  the 
High  Street. 

Hoylake, — The  U.D.C.  bas  had  under  consideration  a 
report  by  the  electrical  engineer,  recommending  the  following 
extensions  as  capital  expenditure: — 400- Kw.  set  and  condensing 
plant:  engine,  £1,7.50;  alternator  and  exciter,  £800  ;  panel  and 
rheostat,  £110;  piping  and  valves,  £200  ;  condenser,  £1,830,  and 
other  items,  totalling  £5, .500.  The  Council  approved  of  the 
scheme,  and  decided,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  L.G.B.,  that  the 
extensions  be  proceeded  with.  It  was  also  decided  to  advertise  for 
tenders  for  a  triple-expansion  Belliss  engine  coupled  to  a  400-kw. 
alternator,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  consider  the  tenders 
and  report  thereon. 

Hyde. — The  Corporation  had  decided  to  ask  the  Joint 
Electricity  Board  to  submit  to  the  Street  Lighting  Committee  a 
Fchcme  for  lighting  Newton  Street,  Old  Road  and  Bennett  Street  by 
electii.i'y,  together  with  an  estimate  of  the  cost. 

iDiiia. — According  to  the  Indian  TexHle  Journal, 
arraii cements  are  being  made  with  a  view  of  largely  increasing  the 
powtr  TiVailable  at  the  Cauvery  Falls  during  the  dry  months  of  the 
yrar  :. '  d  rendering  it  secure  from  interruptions  on  account  of 
shortuge  of  water.  The  scheme  also  embraces  extensive  irrigation 
works. 

JjI'aD. — A  correspondent  says  that  the  development  of 
hydro- .jlectric  stations  for  supplying  Tokio  and  district  with  power, 
has  L.en  making'  great  headway.  There  are  plants  with  a  total 
capacity  of  about  225,000  kw.  starting  up,  under  construction,  and 
projected  for  this  purpose.  The  transmission  pressure  is  generally 
fi6,000  volts,  the  transmission  lines  being  equipped  with  steel  towers 
for  distances  of  60  or  70  miles.  The  Sagami  Water  Power  Co.  is 
just  placing  orders  for  12,000  kw.  of  plant  for  two  power  houses, 
for  the  supply  of  power  in  Yokohama.  The  transmission  will 
cover  45  miles,  and  be  at  66,000  volts  pressure. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Yokohama  Foreign  Board  of 
Trade  just  held  in  Yokohama,  the  chairman  referred  to  the 
great  development  in  hydro-electric  companies  in  Japan,  stating 
that  the  total  subscribed  capital  of  such  companies  exceeded 
£25,000  000.  A  large  number  of  the  concerns  have  not  yet 
reached  the  dividend- paying  stage,  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
the  cheap  power  they  will  be  able  to  offer  to  industrial  concerns 
will  in  due  course  prove  a  great  asset  to  the  country  and  a  stimulus 
to  many  industries  struggling  against  the  handicap  of  dear 
fuel.  He  added  that  although  Japan  may  not  have  much  coal 
there  is  an  ample  rainfall,  and,  fortunately,  also  suitable  physical 
configuration,  which  will  make  it  possible  for  consumers  to  be 
supplied  with  all  the  water  and  electrical  power  they  require  at  a 
moderate  cost. 

Another  correspondent  says  a  period  of  severe  competition  for 
the  electric  lighting  business  in  Tokio  is  about  to  be  inaugurated, 
for  as  a  result  of  the  announcement  that  the  Katsuragawa  Electric 
Co.  will  be  ready  to  supply  current  about  the  middle  of  May,  the 
Nippon  CDento  Karsta)  Electric  Light  Co.  is  making  every  effort  to 
have  its  plant  ready  by  the  end  of  the  present  month.  The  last- 
named  concern  proposes  to  only  supply  the  two  districts  of  Shitaya 
and  Asakusa  at  first,  and  with  the  view  of  securing  clients  has 
decided  to  install  30,000  10-C.p.  lights  free  of  charge  for  several 
months. 

Ki'uiarnot'k. — The  T.C.  has  approved  of  a  scheme  for 
pro  i  i  g  electrical  installations  in  dwelling  houses  up  to  a  rent  of 
ji2C,  'ree  of  cost,  the  charge  for  energy  to  be  5d.  per  unit,  with  a 
mini^  am  of  £1  5s.  per  annum.  The  approval  of  the  scheme, 
however,  has  been  given  on  the  understanding  that  the  scheme 
may  be  dropped,  if,  after  experiment,  it  is  found  not  to  pay. 

Lf-ttherhead. — The  Leatherhead  and  District  Electricity 
Co.,  I.'d.,  has  recently  extended  its  sphere  of  operations  in  certain 
parishes  under  the  parochial  control  of   the   Epsom  Rural  District 


ConnoU.  We  underntand  from  .Mr.  I.e«ll«  Dixon,  the  n)aii*««r.  that 
the  company  ha«  obtained  poweri  to  lupply  in  Ihfl  [larlrhti  of 
Bookham,  Kflinghani,  (  .,»,ham  and  Htokr  n'Atiernon,  and  han  laid 
fMiven  milcn  of  thrcp  phafd  high-tennion  malnn  for  ituppl|inK  light 
and  iK)wer  in  thene  parlnhen.  A  supply  to  the  tlriit  two  [isrinbM 
mentioned  will  lie  given  almont  lmiii(>diatidy  an  the  new  plant  U 
practically  ready.  Cables  arc  now  t)eing  laid  to  Cobham,  where  ■ 
supply  will  be  available,  when  the  mainx  are  completed,  in  thr 
courne  of  a   few  months. 

Lincoln.— An  In'jniry  ha«  bcfii  hold  by  the  LMM. 
relative  to  the  CouncilH  application  for  sanction  to  borrow  money 
for  local  purposes.  It  won  htatcd  that  £12,.VjO  wan  rMiiiirwl 
for  extensions  at  tho  electricity  works,  information  a«  to  the  pro- 
posals being  supplied  by  Mr.  H.  Clegg,  the  Corporation  electrical 
engineer. 

London. —  Lkwihha.m. — The  chairman  of  the  B.  of  (>., 

discussing  the  question  of  electric  lighting  in  the  Infirmary,  said, 
with  regard  to  their  engineer,  he  did  not  think  anybody  knew  he 
was  acting  again^<t  any  rules  of  any  sssociation.  It  waa  thought 
at  one  time  that  the  prices  for  installing  the  electric  light  might 
bo  prohibitive,  but  now  they  found  that  the  cost  was  not  likely  to 
be  so  great  as  they  estimated.  He  added  that  he  had  received  a 
letter  from  a  churchwarden  of  a  Lewisham  church,  in  which  it 
was  stated  that  the  cost  of  lighting  the  church  with  gas  for  the 
quarter  ending  Christmas,  1911,  was  £9  lOs.  Id.,  and  Lady  Day, 
1912,  £9  19s.  Id.  The  cost  of  lighting  the  church  by  electricity 
for  the  Christmas  quarter,  1912,  was  £4  12s.  9d,  and  for  the  Lady 
Day  quarter,  1913,  £2  lie.  They  were  paying  44d.  per  unit,  whilst 
the  Guardians  would  only  pay  2d.  per  unit  for  lighting  and  1  )d.  for 
power. 

Makylebone. — As  from  the  June  meter  meetinge,  the  non- 
contract  tariff  for  heating  is  to  be  reduced  to  Id.  per  unit  flat- 
rate,  and  for  cooking  to  Id.  per  unit  for  the  winter  six  nconthf. 
and  3d.  for  the  summer  »ix  months.  The  general  manager  is  of 
opinion  that  this  reduction  will  do  away  with  the  2d.  and  Id. 
maximum  demand  system.  Mr.  A.  C.  Roberts,  district  auditor,  in 
his  report  upon  the  audit  of  the  accounts  of  the  Council  for  the 
year  ended  March  3l8t  last,  stated  that  exception  had  been  taken 
to  two  classes  of  expenditure  in  connection  with  advertising  the 
undertaking,  viz.,  £81  for  labour  and  materials  upon  private  fitting 
work,  where  no  charge  was  made  to  the  customer,  and  which  arose  in 
oases  where  the  work  had  been  done  on  approval  and  the  customer 
had  elected  not  to  purchase  the  fitting  installed;  and  £101,  the 
purchase  of  exhibition  tickets  for  free  distribution  to  persons  who 
might  possibly  become  purchasers  of  fittings  or  consumers  of 
current ;  and  the  contribution  to  the  expenses  of  one  exhibiticn. 
Neither  of  these  expenditures,  the  auditor  concludes,  appears  to 
come  within  any  powers  which  the  Council  possess,  but  both  items 
on  this  occasion  had  been  covered  by  special  sanctions  under  the 
Local  Authorities  (Expenses)  Aot,  1887.  An  agreement  has  been 
entered  into  with  Marshall  &  Snelgrove  for  a  stand-by  supply. 
This  agreement  provides  for  (iO  kw.  at  £.2  per  annum  per  kw.,  and 
a  further  charge  of  Id.  per  unit,  except  during  peak  hours  (during 
peak  hours  6d.  per  unit)  ;  the  minimum  amount  to  be  received 
from  Id.  units  consumed  per  annum  to  be  not  less  than  £62  lOs. 
(equivalent  to  15,000  units)  ;  the  firm  to  undertake  not  to  renew 
any  of  its  existing  plant ;  and  the  emergency  supply  to  be  used 
only  during  peak  hours  in  ca;e  of  breakdown  to  its  existing  plant 
and  while  it  is  under  repair. 

Westminsteb.— The  Westminster  E.S.  Corporation  has  agreed  to 
a  six  months'  extension  of  the  period  of  negotiation  with  the  City 
Council  in  regard  to  public  lighting  in  St.  George,  Hanover  Square. 
Battersea. — The  B.C.  is  appealing  against  the  decision  of 
Judge  Joyce  not  to  grant  the  Council  an  interim  injunction  against 
the  County  of  London  Co.,  in  respect  of  the  laying  of  trunk  mains 
through  the  borough. 

The  Special  Committee  on  London  Electricity  Supply,  appointed 
in  February,  1912,  by  the  L.C.C.,  states  that  it  has  concluded  the 
preliminary  steps  of  its  investigation,  which  included  numerous 
conferences  with  the  various  electricity  suppliers  in  London,  and 
has  collected  a  large  amount  of  information.  It  now  proposes  to 
hear  expert  evidence  on  the  matter,  and  will  be  glad  to  have  the 
views  of  authorities  on  either  the  technical  cr  business  side  of  the 
matter  placed  before  it. 

Long  Eaton.— The  U.D.C.  has  authorised  the  engineer 
to  proceed  with  the  extension  of  the  electricity  plant  at  an 
estimated  cost  of  £10,000. 

Manchester. — The  Electricity  Committee  reports  that, 
notwithstanding  the  increased  cost  of  coal  and  materials  during 
the  past  year,  an  even  rate  of  progress  was  more  than  maintained. 
During  the  past  12  months  104,000,000  units  were  sold,  as  compared 
with  93,000,000  units  for  the  previous  year.  In  considering  the 
estimates,  the  Committee  allocated  £28,500  to  the  relief  of  the 
rates. 

Mansfield.— For  the  ensuing  year  the  Electricity  Com- 
mittee will  make  a  contribution  of  £600  from  profits  towards  the 
general  district  rate. 

The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  J.  Maude  i:  Co.  for 
the  provision  of  electric  standards  for  public  lighting  in  the  Mans- 
field Woodhouse  district.  The  Mansfield  Woodhouse  U.D.C.  has 
accepted  the  Mansfield  T.C.'s  terms  for  the  lighting  of  the  streets, 
and  theL.G.B.  has  sanctioned  the  T.C.'s  application  for  the  borrow- 
ing of  £230  for  that  purpose. 

Mexborougli.— The  U.D.C.  has  resolved  that  application 
be  made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow  a  further  £1.000  in 
addition  to  the  sum  of  £  10,500  for  extensions  at  the  electricity  works. 


680 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEAV. 


[Vol,  72.    No.  1,848,  April  l'5,  1913. 


IHolfat, — The  T.C.  has  agreed  to  accept  the  oH'er  of  Mr. 
\\ .  E.  Townsend.  of  Edinburjrh,  to  submit  the  necessary  detailed 
plans  and  specifications,  and  ^ive  a  complete  estimate  of  the  cost, 
free  of  chargre.  for  a  scheme  of  electric  lightinp,  on  the  under- 
standiner  that  if  the  scheme  goes  on  he  is  appointed  enfjineer  to 
carry  it  out.  It  is  believed  that  in  the  Well  Burn  there  will  be 
ample  water  power  to  provide  a  sufficient  supply  of  electricity 
for  the  bnrtrh. 

Oldham. — A  statement  has  just  Leen  compiled  by  the 
engineer  showing  that  the  Corporation  obtained  Parliamentary 
powers  in  1S;»2  to  supply  electrical  energy  within  the  borough. 
The  Greenhill  station  was  opened  in  June,  19u3,  with  plant  of 
6,00o  H.i"..  which  together  with  that  tran.sferred  from  the  old 
station  made  the  total  capacity  •1,720  H.i'.  In  liUl-li',  a  further 
extension  wan  found  to  be  necessary,  and  a  steam  turbine  of 
2.000  u.i".  was  installed.  During  the  last  two  years  the  demand 
had  increased  greatly  for  power  purposes,  and  rose  from  583, oaS 
unitiinl'.UO-U  to  SW.^S^O  units  in  the  year  ended  March  25th,  1912. 
The  number  of  consumers  now  connected  to  the  mains  is  upwards 
of  1,700.  In  1911-12  the  number  of  units  sold  wa.s  £,5,992,476. 
The  capital  expended  up  to  March,  1912,  was  dt:-t06,74»J,  of  which 
JtlOO,uOO  had  been  repaid  or  was  in  hand. 

Fllilippines. — A  ^lanila  paper  says  the  favourable  report 
of  the  expert  who  has  just  completed  his  investigations  of  a  site 
for  a  hydro-electric  plant  near  Pagsanjan  is  at  hand,  and  as  a 
result  the  Manila  Electric  Railroad  and  Light  Co.  will  invest  the 
sum  of  P.  3,000,000  approximately,  for  the  purpose  of  securing 
cheaper  electricity  for  Manila  and  the  suburban  lines.  The  proposed 
site  on  the  Caliraya  River  is  distant  about  (iO  miles  from  Manila. 
The  construction  will  consist  of  a  dam  and  runway  with  an  outlet 
turning  the  water  back  into  the  river  again.  The  initial  unit  in- 
stalled will  provide  at  least  33  per  cent,  more  power  than  is  now 
necessary  to  supply  light  and  power  for  Manila,  or  10,000  e.h  p.. 
with  an  efficiency  in  Manila  of  about  SO  per  cent. 

Rishton. — In  regard  to  the  objection  of  the  District 
Coimcil  to  the  application  qf  the  Accrington  Coriroration  for 
permission  to  supply  electricity  to  the  paper  mills  of  Messrs.  A.  M. 
Peebles  \:  Son,  Ltd.,  the  Rishton  Council  appointed  a  deputation  to 
confer  with  the  town  clerk  of  Accrington. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Rishton  Council  on  April  17th,  it  was 
decided  to  consent  to  the  application  by  the  Corporation  to  the 
B.  of  T.  for  an  order  authorising  the  Corporation  to  supply  elec- 
tricity to  Messrs.  Peebles'  mills,  subject  to  certain  reservations  and 
conditions. 

Rochdale. — The  profit  on  the  electricity  works  for  the 
year  is  £2,8t<3.  With  the  exception  of  1911-12  this  is  the  lowest 
since  the  department  began  to  pay,  and  is  attributed  to  increased 
cost  of  coal,  and  to  additional  interest  and  sinking  fund  charges 
on  extensions,  the  full  benefit  of  which  cannot  yet  be  felt.  The 
gross  profit  on  the  year  was  £11,740,  as  against  £10,664  a  year  ago. 
Of  the  net  profit  of  £2,883,  £2,000  is  being  allocated  to  the  relief 
of  the  rates  and  the  balance  carried  to  reserve. 

The  Electricity  Committee  has  agreed  to  supply  current  in  bulk 
to  Whitwoith  for  five  years  on  terms  mutually  arranged. 

Roiiiforil, — The  U.D.C.  has  sealed  an  agreement  with 
the  County  of  London  Electric  Supply  Co.,  and  given  consent  to  the 
prov.  order  being  granted  to  the  company,  subject  to  the  insertion 
of  a  purchase  clause. 

St.  Thomas. — The  AVestindische  Compagnie,  of  Copen- 
hagen, having  bought  the  "  French  Wharf  ''  in  the  Banish  Island 
of  St.  Thomas,  have  decided  to  undertake  works  for  the  modern- 
isation of  the  harbour,  including  the  building  of  quays,  the 
installation  of  electric  cranes,  the  construction  of  a  power  house, 
.vc.  For  particulars  of  the  machinery  requirements,  application 
should  be  made  to  the  company. 

Salford. — The  (General  Electric  Co.  have  offered  to 
supply  the  Electricity  Committee  with  Hame  arc  lamps  on  loan  free 
of  charge  for  experimental  purposes.  The  offer  has  been  accepted, 
and  the  lamps  are  to  be  tested  in  Chapel  Street. 

Skelton  and  Brotton.— The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  the 

application  of  the  T.D.C.  for  a  prov.  order  for  electric  lighting. 

Soutli  Africa. — The  ratepayers  have  approved  of  a 
scheme  for  the  supply  of  electric  power  for  lighting  Umtata, 
estimated  to  cost  £7,000.  The  Municipal  Council  will  borrow 
the  necessary  fun<U  from  the  money  in  hand  for  the  water 
scheme.  Power  will  be  generated  at  Umtata  Falls,  one  mile  from 
the  town. 

Stockport.— On  April  ICth,  :Mr.  U.  11.  Hooper,  l-.C.U. 
inspector,  conducted  an  inquiry  into  the  application  of  the  Cor- 
poration for  sanction  to  borrow  £24, .500.  lor  the  purpopes  of  the 
electricity  undertaking.     There  was  no  opposition. 

Swansea.  —  The  Housing  Comniittee  has  asked  the 
Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee  to  submit  an  estimate  of  the 
cost  per  wfek  to  be  charged  upon  the  houses  which  are  to  be 
erected  at  Town  Hill,  for  electric  lighting,  such  costs  to  be  added 
to,  and  included  in,  the  rent  of  the  houses.  Application  is  to  be 
made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow  £40,000  to  cover  the 
cost  of  extending  the  generating  plant  and  the  construction  of 
sub-stations,  mains,  cables,  tc. 

Swinton  (Lanes.).  —  The  Tramways  and  Electricity 
Committee  has  in.structed  the  Clerk  to  point  out  to  the  L.fJ.B.,  that 
the  expenditure  on  the  supply   of  electricity  to  Broad  Oak  Park 


would  be  greater  than  the  amount  sanctioned  to  be  borrowed 
(£600),  and  to  ask  if  the  Board  would  allow  the  work  to  be  pro- 
ceeded with — application  for  sanction  to  borrow  a  further  earn 
being  made  later. 

At  the  D.C.  meeting  last  week,  Mr.  Heywood,  referring  to  the 
electricity  undertaking,  said  there  were  now  167  consumo.-",  and 
the  units  sold  were  206,339  and  the  receipts  £1.72'8,  a,-<  ■  •^^in«^ 
159,182  units  and  £1,433  for  the  previous  year.  The  tota.  l'.<-n.i 
borrowed  for  the  undertaking  were  -t  13,910,  the  repayments  up 
to  the  present  being  £1,434.  The  capital  expenditure  had  been 
£12,892.  and  the  loans  unspent  £1.018.  The  Broad  Oak  Park 
extension  was  now  taking  practical  shape,  after  several  M-irs  of 
hesitation  on  the  part  of  the  Council.  The  deficit  for  1 '  -pi  -t 
year  was  £238,  but  the  expenditure  was  coming  down,  and  there 
were  prospects  of  having  a  balance  in  hand  before  long. 

leovil. — The  T.C.  is  having  a  report  prepared  with 
regard  to  the  relative  cost  of  electricity  and  gas  for  driving  the 
machinery  of  the  sewage  works. 

Vork. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  City  Council,  it  was 
reported  that  the  L.G.B.  had  given  sanction  to  the  borrowing  of 
£500  for  the  wiring  of  premises  for  electric  lighting  as  desired 
by  the  Council,  the  period  of  repayment  being  fixed  at  10  years. 
The  following  tenders  were  recommended  for  acceptance  : — Two 
water-tube  boilers,  with  superheaters,  chain-grate  stokers,  pipe- 
work, \'.,  Messrs.  Babcock  i;  Wilcox,  Ltd.,  London,  £4.213; 
supply  and  erection  of  a  turbo-alternator  of  a  capacity  of  3,500  KW  , 
3,000  K.P.M.,  condensing  plant,  kc  ,  the  Oerlikon  Co.,  of  Zurich, 
Switzerland,  £9,967  ;  storage  battery  and  reversible  booste',  ice. 
and  the  maintenance  thereof  for  a  term  of  15  years,  the  Tudor 
Accumulator  Co.,  Ltd.,  £3,899.  with  a  maintenance  charge  of  £188 
per  annum.  In  answer  to  a  question  addressed  to  him.  Alderman 
Meyer  stated  that  the  approximate  cost  of  laying  cables  in  the 
streets  of  the  city  generally  for  street  lighting,  domestic  lighting 
and  other  domestic  purposes  would  be  £16,500  for  30  miles 
of  streets.  The  cost  of  the  feeders,  distributors,  kc,  would  be 
£119,000  if  carried  out  on  the  underground  system,  but  if  powers 
could  be  obtained  to  carry  it  out  in  another  manner  the  cost  would 
be  reduced  to  £71.108.  So  far  as  regarded  street  lighting,  he 
would  recommend  the  Council  to  consider  some  scheme  for  under- 
taking this.  Alderman  Wragge  expressed  the  opinion  that  if  it  was 
only  going  to  cost  the  city  £16,500  to  light  the  whole  of  the 
streets,  it  was  time  the  iwork  was  undertaken.  If  that  sum  w.'n 
spread  over  a  period  of  40  years  at  3J  per  cent,,  the  interest  and 
sinking  fund  would  be  £825.  The  supply  of  electricity  from  the 
CounciPsown  works  would  cost  £2, 250,  the  two  sums  together  to  tailing 
t3,075,  whereas  the  gas  company  was  now  receiving  £4. Co.)  for 
lighting  the  streets  by  gas.  Besides  that,  they  would  be  r  ble  t  > 
make  a  substantial  profit,  and  the  saving  which  would  !>;  mad^; 
would  amount  to  a  lid.  rate.  The  recommendations  of  tU  •  Com- 
mittee were  adopted,  including  the  proposal  to  light  the  !■'  •  -'ts  b/ 
electricity,  as  outlined  by  Alderman  Meyer  and  Alderman  W    :gge. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Birmingham, — A  special  meeting  of  the  City  Tramways 
Committee  was  held  on  the  15th  inst.  for  the  purpose  of  hearing 
the  views  of  a  deputation  from  the  Diocesan  Conference,  which  had 
passed  a  resolution  recommending  that  no  cars  should  be  run  on 
Sundays,  in  order  that  all  emploji's  might  have  an  opportunity  of 
attending  Divine  worship.  The  Committee,  after  hearing  the  depu- 
tation, expressed  sympathy  with  the  object  in  view,  but  explained 
that  the  public  convenience  had  to  be  considered,  and  many  diffi- 
culties were  likely  to  present  themselves.  It  was  agreed,  however, 
to  refer  the  whole  matter  to  M  r.  A.  Baker,  the  general  manager, 
who  was  instructed  to  consider  the  points  raised  and  report  to  the 
next  meeting  whether  anything  could  be  done  to  meet  the  views 
expressed  by  the  deputation. 

Blackburn, — The  general  manager  of  the  trannvays 
(Mr.  J.  H.  Cowell)  states  that  the  gross  receipts  for  the  past  year 
were  £66,683,  against  £63,129  in  the  previous  year;  working 
expenses  £42,516,  against  £41,235  ;  gross  balance  £21,166,  against 
£21,894.  The  net  profit  was  £3,870,  comparing  with  £1,290  i.i 
the  previou.B  year.  The  traffic  details  show  an  increase  of  17,15o 
miles,  556,452  passengers,  and  £3,171  in  receipts.  From  parcel 
carrying  the  revenue  was  .€2, 194,  against  £1,995;  27t;,715  parcels 
were  handled  during  the  year. 

Bury. — The  profit  on  the  tramway  sections  for  the  past 
year  was  £9,572,  of  which  £5.000  is  to  go  to  rate  relief  purposes, 
£1,000  to  insurance  fund  account,  and  the  balance  to  reservo  and 
depreciation  fund  account. 

The  experimental  service  I  ill  Heywood  Street  is  to  be  <•  i.'iuuc  1 
for  another  month. 

Doncaster. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Finance  CommitUe,  the 
estimate  of  the  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee  for  six  new 
trami^ars,  with  covered  tops,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £800  each, 
was  approved  of.  The  purchase  of  additional  cars  is  ne'^w  itated 
by  the  growth  of  the  tramway  traffic  generally. 

Eiland. — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  suggest  to  the 
Hudderslield  Corporation  the  dropping  of  the  proposed  extension  of 


Vol.72.   No.  1,8 iH,  ArEii,2r,,  i9i:i.i        THF;    KLT.CTRTCATi    RKVTKW. 


081 


the  trainwayH  Iroiii  I'.llniul  Town  Hall  to  U'(!Ht  VaJo,  owiinr  to  tho 
dotii^io- of  the  Or(!(^tlaii<l  D.C.  not  to  cooHidor  tho  quoHtion  fiirthiir 
until  til  ■  IIiuldorKfield    I'arliaim^ntary   Hill  han  bccoino  law. 

ll«'.ywoo<l, — At  ii  iiioetiii;,'  of  the  Klocrtricity  iiikI  Traiii- 
wiijs  ('  'inmittee  on  April  I'lth,  it  was  reported  that  thoro  wan  a  Iohh 
lit'  J  N  on  the  tramwayw  undortakinif  during  the  puHt  year'H 
work  _',  and  a  losHof  ,i;i,l  IK  on  the  olootricity  undertakinff.  'I'heKn 
loHsoH  ;u-j  eijual  to  a  rate  of  lOd.  in  the  £.  For  the  previoiiR  year 
tho  Ut'ica  wereii7l2  on  the  tramwayx,  and  £2,582  on  the  electricity 
undertaking. 

Iludderstield. — The  boroupli  treasurer's  fiiiHiicial  Htate- 
ment  respectinp  tho  tramways  for  tho  U'  months  ended  .March  Hist, 
19K*,  showed  a  capital  outlay  to  date  of  £I17,40«.  Tho  miles  run 
were  2,38:i,.H.^8,  compared  with  2,L'ir),427.  The  income  amounted  to 
£10'.t,70'.),  or  inild.  per  car-mile,  ajrainst  £10l,(;(t2,  or  ll'lSd.  last 
year.  The  income  was  made  up  as  follows  : — Passenfcers,  iil()r),2Sii  ; 
postmen,  iJHfiO  ;  parcels,  £I,'.'M8  ,  advertising-,  £1,2(10  ;  coal  haulapfc, 
jC('.76;  and  sundries.  £9.  The  total  working  expenditure  was 
£fi5,.528,  or  (>T)9d.  per  oar-mile,  compared  with  £07,289,  or  t>12d. 
last  year,  leaving  a  gross  surplus  of  £41,181,  against  4:47,868. 
Interest  on  capital  absorbed  £18,818,  and  redemption  of  debt 
£10,901,  and  after  provision  had  boon  made  for  depreciation  at 
8  per  cent.,  there  was  a  net  surplus  of  £7, 187,  or  TGd.  per  car-mile, 
against  £ll,7()f),  or  r52d.  last  year.  The  balance  brought  forward 
on  the  reserve  or  renewals  account  amounted  to  £18,2."j3,  the 
interest  on  investment  was  £8.50,  and  the  transfer  for  the  12 
months  £12,.')22.  The  payments  amounted  to  £7,841,  leaving  a 
fund  of  £18,284.  The  Committee  has  decided  that  £ti  .■|9(»  be 
transferred  to  the  borough  fund  in  relief  of  the  borough  rate,  and 
that  the  balance  of  £847  be  placed  to  the  reserve  or  renewals  fund, 
making  the  total  amount  in  that  fund  £19,181. 

The  urban  districtsof  llolmfirtb,  Kirkburton,  Lepton  and  Mirfield 
are  to  be  linked  up  with  the  Iluddersfield  tramways  by  means  of 
motor-omnibus  services. 

.lapaD. — 111  connection  with  the  electric  railway  between 
V'okohama  and  Tokio,  the  electrical  track  is  now  being  laid  along- 
side of  the  existing  steam  road;  the  10,000-H.i'.  gas-engine  station 
for  supplying  this  line  is  also  being  equipped— the  engines  were 
illustrated  recently  in  our  pages. 

IjfCih. — The  l)aliince-sbcet  of  the  tramway  undertaking 

issued  on  Blonday  shows  that  after  providing  for  every  form  of 
expenditure  there  remains  a  sum  of  £61,371  to  be  used  for  the 
relief  of  the  rates — an  increase  of  £211  over  the  corresponding 
figure  of  last  year.  This  is  nearly  equal  to  the  produce  of  a  7d. 
rito.  The  total  revenue  of  the  undertaking  amounted  to  £4 11, ,531 
(T  I'JilJd.  per  car-mile),  an  increase  of  £16,210.  The  increased 
num')  r  of  passengers  carried  was  3,646,242.  Traffic  receipts 
amounted  to  £405,661  (iri20d.  per  car-mile)  against  £.891,142 
(ll'OOSd.).  Advertisements  on  cars  realised  £3,661.  Traffic 
expenses  amounted  to  £109,413,  wages  of  drivers  and  con- 
ductors being  £77,442 — an  increase  of  £3,881.  General  expenses 
were  £36,00.5,  an  increase  of  over  £4,000.  Regarding  £19,809  set 
aside  for  rates  and  taxes,  £  6,300  of  this  is  being  held  over  pending 
the  decision  of  the  House  of  Lords  on  the  tramway  rating  case. 
If  the  appeal  is  dismissed  the  profits  will  benefit  to  the  extent  of 
the  sum  now  held  over.  The  total  working  expenses  were 
£213,817,  leaving  a  balance  of  £197.713  to  be  carried  to  the  net 
revenue  account,  which,  with  bank  interest,  \c.,  amounts  to 
£206,224.  Out  of  this  has  been  paid  £42,196  for  interest  on 
capital;  £5,020  income-tax,  and  £3,216  as  rent  for  the  Morley 
lines,  leaving  £154,790  to  go  to  the  appropriation  account. 
£49,922  had  to  go  to  the  sinking  fund,  and  £41,752  for  renewing 
the  permanent  way — a  record  figure — £1,489  increase  on  the 
previous  year.  Other  items  brought  the  total  expenditure  of  the 
account  to  £93,1 16,  which,  deducted  from  the  available  surplus  of 
£154,790,  left  a  net  surplus  of  £61,871  odd.  The  estimate  of  the 
department  in  this  respect  was  £60,000. 

London. — The  L.C.C.  has  circularised  all  the  Metro- 
politan B.C.'s  requiring  them  forthwith  to  send  to  the  Assessment 
Committee  a  provisional  valuation  list  containing  the  assessment  of 
the  County  Council's  tramways,  on  the  ground  that  the  heredita- 
ment has  been  reduced  in  value,  in  consequence  of  the  falling  off 
of  the  receipts  from  the  tramway  undertaking  due  (among  other 
things)  to  competition  from  motor-omnibuses. 

MerthjT  Tydfil. — The  T.C.  has  entered  into  an  agree- 
ment with  the  Merthyr  Electric  Traction  and  Lighting  Co.,. 
whereby  the  time  of  purchasing  the  undertaking  by  the  Corpora- 
tion is  extended  until  1934. 

1*1.^  mouth, — A  return  submitted  by  the  general  manager 
of  the  trnmways  for  the  financial  year  ended  March  81st  shows  that 
t be  c  -»  travelled  820,406  miles,  and  carried  8,884.786  passengers. 
lacUii'.ing  £1,985  received  from  the  Plymouth,  Stonehouse  and 
Devon  rirt  Tramway  Co.,  the  total  receipts  amounted  to  £40,208, 
ftn  ini.i'  lae  of  £268  compared  with  the  previous  year.  All  the 
section-;  showed  an  increase  in  receipts,  the  highest,  however,  being 
OT  the  Peverell  route.  The  total  expenditure  amounted  to  £37,370. 
an  in  mse  of  £820.  For  the  previous  year  the  figures  were  :  — 
Mile^  I  dvelled,  809,036  ;  passengers  carried,  8,666,269  ;  receipts, 
£39,079  ;  and  expenditure,  £36,550. 

Preston. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  decided  that  a 
new  crossing  be  constructed  between  Derby  Street  and  Pole  Street  ; 
it  is  also  proposed  to  purchase  three  aeWitional  top-deck  covers,  at 
ani  estimated  cost  of  £360. 


Iladcliffo.  --  .\t  a  rnctiiig  of  tho  ( '.!).('..  it  wm 
reporte.1  that  th<rrr  w'a«  n  m^t  profit  of  £1,111  on  thB  workinir  of 
tho  tramwiiys  for   thi;   potit  year,   which   wan   double   that   of  thu 

previoiiH  year. 

Itoclitlale.  —  The;  net  profit  on  the  tramways  under- 
taking is  £7,423.  an  compared  with  £6,480  la«t  year.  Kor  thn 
first  time  the  undertaking  contributen  to  rate  relief.  The  Com- 
mitt<!e  propoBOB  to  offer  £2, .127  for  thin  purpoHfl,  and  tutkn  to  \m 
allowed  to  carry  f -..(i'.m;  to  the  nnewalH  fund,  which  the  mnmbom 
feol  rciiuires  strengthunlDg  in  view  of  the  (timing  nec<>»iiity  for 
renewal  of  track. 

St.  lfIellon"8.— The  U.D.C.  on  .\pril  li;th  decided  to 
oppose  the  Western  Valleys  KailleHA  Klectric  Traction  Hill. 

I  .8. ,4. — After  thifc  years  of  rotnple.x  negotiations  and 
heated  controversy  the  oontriictB  for  the  operation  of  the  dual 
rapid-transit  system  for  .New  York  city  were  signed  on  March  19th. 
These  contracts  relate  to  the  operation  of  a  system  the  total  cont 
of  which  will  be  about  9100,000,000.  Of  this,  one-fourth  covers  the 
existing  systems  and  $8(li),iKK),000  the  <:onBtruction  now  under  way 
or  authorise*!  for  the  nc^w  subway,  elevated  and  surface  linec. 
When  the  new  system  is  placed  in  operation,  which  will  probably 
be  in  1917,  there  will  be  over  6oO  miles  of  single  tra';k  in  service,  ah 
compared  with  271»at  present.    ■  h'l>r/r„;il  HV.r/rf. 

lork. — The  City  Council  has  agreed  to  the  suggestion  of 
the  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee  that  blind  persons  should 
be  permitted  to  ride  on  the  tramoars  free  of  charge. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Braxil. — Particulars  have  been  published  regarding  the 
organisation  of  wireless  telegraphy  throughout  HraziL  The 
scheme  will  embrace  an  international  service  of  wireless  tele- 
graphy both  terrestrial  and  transoceanic,  a  river  service,  a  frontier 
service  and  an  inter-State  service.  The  international  stations  will 
include  one  at  Belem,  having  a  range  of  4,000  miles,  one  at  Cape- 
Santa  Martha  having  a  similar  range,  and  another  at  Kio  de 
Janeiro  have  a  range  of  2,000  miles.  The  text  of  the  decree  may 
be  seen  at  the  Commercial  Intelligence  Branch  of  the  Board  of 
Trade.— 5.  of  T.  Journal. 

Chile. — Official  sanction  has  been  accorded  to  the 
scheme  for  organising  a  wireless  service  in  Chile,  consisting  of 
a  long-distance  chain  from  Africa  to  Punta  Arenas  and  a  low- 
power  chain  between  Arenas  and  Talcahuano. 

Constantinople.— The  Journal  of  the  British  Chamber 
of  Commerce  of  Turkey  states  that  the  progress  of  the  telephone 
construction  has  been  delayed  by  the  impossibility  of  getting 
the  necessary  cables  and  dijcts  from  Great  Britain,  these  being 
contraband  of  war.  Nevertheless  over  26  km.  of  cable  has  been 
laid,  and  practically  all  the  underground  piping  is  in  place.  The 
work  of  erecting  poles  in  the  outlying  districts  is  now  in  progress, 
and  the  three  principal  exchange  buildings  are  well  advanced. 
Over  3,000  subscribers  have  been  enrolled. 

Imperial  Wireless  System.— On  Wednesday  last  week- 
the  Select  Committee  on  the  Marconi  contract  resumed  the  exami- 
nation of  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs  regarding  the  transactions  in  shares 
of  the  American  Marconi  Co.  The  witness  stated  that  the  price 
paid  by  the  English  Co.  for  the  shares  of  the  United  Wireless  Co. 
was  8750,000  ;  they  were  sold,  with  other  property,  to  the  American 
Marconi  Co.  for  $1,400,000.  A  letter  was  read  from  Sir  Henry 
Norman  stating  that  he  had  never  in  any  way  been  connected  with 
the  Poulsen  people. 

On  Thursday  the  examination  of  Mr  Godfrey  Isaacs  was  con- 
cluded. He  stated  that  he  had  i  personally  made  no  profit  in 
connection  with  the  purchase  and  sale  of  American  shares,  and 
that  the  American  Co.  had  no  interest  at  all  in  the  British  Co.  He 
believed  the  foreign  Governments  with  which  he  had  been  in 
negotiation  when  the  Committee  was  appointed  were  now  awaiting 
the  report  of  the  Technical  Committee.  The  delay  had  not  affected 
the  American  Co.  Mr.  Harry  Isaacs  was  then  called,  and  explained 
the  transactions  with  his  brothers.  Sir  Rufus  Isaacs  and  Mr.  Godfrey 
Isaacs.  Afterwards  Mr.  Ernest  Hawkins  was  examined  regarding  the 
letter  which  he  had  written  to  Mr.  (Godfrey  Isaacs,  and  the  in- 
formation he  had  received  from  Jlr.  Charles  Kerr,  who  also  gave 
evidence.  Mr.  Kerr  stated  that  on  May  9th,  I'.'io,  he  formed  the 
Poulsen  Wireless  Telegraphy  Syndicate.  Ltd,,  and  held  an  option 
on  the  Poulsen  patents,  which  expired  in  February,  1911.  The 
option  was  not  exercised,  and  the  syndicate  went  into  voluntary 
liquidation  on  June  2Sth,  1911.  Mr.  A.  A.  Campbell  Swinton 
reported  to  him  on  the  Poulsen  system.  Since  the  expiration  of 
the  option  he  had  had  no  interest  whatever  in  the  Poulsen  system, 
but  he  still  thought  it  the  better  system. 

On  Monday  Sir  A.  H.  Brown  gave  evidence,  and  the 
examination  of  Mr.  Kerr  was  concluded.  Mr.  Harcourt  Rose, 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  solicitors  that  acted  for  the  Poulsen  Co... 
referred  to  the  evidence  of  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs  regarding  the 
origin  of  the  rumours,  which  he  contradicted  in  detail,  stating  that 
the  promoters  of  the  Poulsen  system  were  in  no  way  associated 
with  the  allegations  against  Ministers  Evidence  was  given  by 
stockbrokers  regarding  the  market  in  American  Marconi  shares  en 


692 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,84S,  April  25,  1913. 


April  i:th.  l'.*12,  the  latter  Btatinp  that  the  price  on  April  I'.tth 
was  artificial  and  absurd,  and  that  the  public  rushed  in'recklepsly. 
The  Committee  adjourned  till  Wednesday. 

Telephone  Electrical  Staff.— In  reply  to  a  question 

reparding:  the  case  of  the  electrical  staff  transferred  from  the 
National  Telephone  Co.,  the  Postmaster-General  said  he  found 
that  owing'  to  the  arrested  development  of  the  telephone  system 
dariner  the  latter  part  of  the  company's  existence,  the  averaere 
lenprth  of  service  of  the  electrical  staff  was  very  hisrh.  Under  the 
arrangements  sanctioned  by  the  Trea-onry,  it  was  only  possible  to 
place  a  certain  proportion  of  this  staff  on  the  establishment  :  a 
number  of  men  with  lonp  service  had  consequently  to  be  assifrned 
to  an  unestablished  class,  and  complaints  were  made  to  him  on 
their  behalf.  He  had  now  secured  the  assent  of  the  Treasury  to 
the  creation  of  a  considerable  number  of  additional  established  posts 
for  the  benefit  of  this  staff,  as  a  temporary  measure  :  and  also  to 
the  prant  to  those  members  of  the  electrical  staff  (other  than 
faultemen)  who  did  not  secure  establishment,  of  a  special  allowance 
of  Is.  per  week,  to  cease  on  establishment,  by  wav  of  compensation 
for  certain  privilepes  which  were  granted  bv  the  company  on  a 
hisrher  scale  than  that  which  prevailed  in  the  Post  Office. 

Wireless  and  tlie  .Aurora.— It  is  stated  that  during 

the  occurrence  of  strong:  aurora'  boreales  it  is  almost  impossible  for 
the  wireless  station  on  Spitzbergen  to  communicate  with  the 
station  at  Inpo.  near  Hammerfest.  This  fact  seems  to  confirm  the 
theory  that  the  aurora  is  an  electrical  phenomenon.— i'.T'.Z. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Australia. — ^lay  14th.  Generating  plant  for  JJarwin 
Radiotelepraph  Station,  Northern  Territory.  See  "Official  Notices" 
April  nth. 

ViCTORI.\. — May  30th.  Higrh-tension  switchpear  with  remott; 
control,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.  See  "Official  Notices" 
March  2Sth. 

April  29th.— 20,000  yd.  of  3-in.  fibre  conduit,  for  the  Melbourne 
City  Council.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  11th. 

June  1 1th. — Switchpear  and  instruments,  for  the  Melbourne  City 
Council.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

.lune  10th.  Deputy-Postmaster-General,  Melbourne.  Incan- 
descent electric  lamps. — July  8th.  Common-battery  switchboard 
at  Windsor. — A'istralian  .Mining  StaniJaid. 

New  SncTH  Wales.— May  i2th.  Fibre  conduit  for  the  Sydney 
City  Council.  May  26th. — Meters  and  grlazed  stoneware  bridges. 
July  7th. — Arc  lamp  carbons.  Specifications  lOs.  lid.  for  each 
section,  from  City  Electrical  Engineer's  Department. — AuMralian 
Mining  Standard. 

Tasmania.— June  '.tth.  Telegraph  and  telephone  material  for 
the  P.M.G.'s  Department.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

QCEENSLASD. — May  2l8t.  Copper  wire  and  accessories,  for  the 
P.M.G.'s  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  1  Ith. 

August  27th. — Five  sections  of  common -battery  multiple  switch- 
board, for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  '  to-day. 

W.  ArsTHALiA  (P.M.G.'s  Department). — luly  ;tth  and  16th. 
Wire.— July  30th.  Switchboard  cable.— July  30th.  Steel  towers, 
battery  material.  &o.— August  6th.  Insulators,  telegraph  and  tele- 
phone material  and  po\es.—  Aiixf ruliu n  Mininy  Stiinddid. 

Baroes. — May  jytb.  Feeder  and  distributor  cables,  for 
the  U.DC.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Barrow-in-Furness.— May  7th.  f.:iectric  light  instal- 
lation at  the  workhouse,  for  the  B.G.  See  "Official  Notices" 
to-day. 

Belfast. — ^lay  I'.lth.  Circulating- water  pump,  for  the 
Corporation  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

Bolton. — April  28th.  Reservoir  construction  in  con- 
nection with  the  new  Back-o-th'-Bank  generating  station.  Mr. 
A.  A.  Day,  Borough'  Electrical  Engineer. 

Bootle. — May  1 3th.  Boiler  and  pipe  coverings  for 
Marsh  Lane  electricity  works.  Borough  Electrical  Engineer's 
Office,  Pine  Grove. 

Canada. — "\Vi.\MPEf.. — May  lOth.  City  Light  and 
Power  Department.  Two  three-phase  generators  of  5,000  k\v.  for 
direct  connection  to  6.bO0-H.P.  water  turbines;  also  spare  parts 
Chairman.  Board  of  Control.  Deposit.  £205.  Particulars,  Board  of 
Trade  Com.  Intel.  Department  in  London. 

Chesterfield. — The  T.C.  is  to  obtain  tenders  for  an 
overhead  electric  light  cabls  for  Chatsworth  Road,  and  for  an 
installation  of  batteries  and  extension  of  the  sub-atation  at 
Whittington  Moor. 

Dublin. — May  1st.  e.h.p.  sub-station  switchboard  and 
accessories  and  alteration  to  existing  e.h.p,  switchboard,  for  the 
Corporation.    See   "  Official  Notices '  to-day. 


Felixstowe  and   IKalton. — May  5th.     One   K;  kw. 

Diesel-driven   d.c.  generating   set   for  the   I'.D.C.     See   "Cilioial 
Notices''  April  18th. 

GlasjTOW. — May  Dth.  Cables,  meters  and  arc  1  nj) 
carbons  for  a  year,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "Official  Ni..>.  a" 
to-day. 

May  26th. — Two  steam  turbo-alternators,  with  condensing  p!;.ut 
(5,000  Kw.  and  2,000  Kw.  respectively),  for  the  Corporation  Truui- 
ways  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Hovlake  and  Wist  Kirbj'.--May  5th.    Une  40u-kw. 

alternator  and  triple- exp'  •  sion  Belliss  engine,  and  evaporative  con- 
densing plant,  for  the  L'.D.C.     See  "Official  Notices  "  April  18th. 

Italy. — MKSA(iXK. — Tenders  are  about  to  be  invited 
for  the  establishment  of  an  electric  light  installation.  Particulars 
of  the  Giunta  Provinciale  Amministrativa. 

KiDn:'s  Lynn. — Jlay  5th.  One  400-k\v.  steam  dynamo 
with  condensing  plant  and  piptwork,  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"Official  Notices''  April  18th. 

London. — Koyai,  Mint. — April  25th.  120  tons  of  ingot 
copper.     See  "Official  Notices''  to-day. 

LC.C— May  6th.  8,200  tons  B,S.S.  steel  girder  tramway  track 
rails  and  fastenings  ;  (2)  2,100  tons  of  special  section  ditto  ;  and  (S) 
1,100  tons  slot  rails  and  conductor  tees.  Specifications  and  forms  of 
tender,  £2  each  section,  returnable,  from  Mr.  (J,  W.  Humphreys, 
Chief  Engineer,  County  Hall,  Spring  Gardens,  S,W. 

May  7th  and  9th, —  Electrical  installations  at  (a)  f^lthorne  Road 
Special  School,  Holloway,  and  {h)  Wilton  Road  Central  Elemeniary 
School,  Hackney,     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

May  13th. — One  20-ton  overhead  hand  crane,  for  the  Shorcditch 
sub-station.     See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

The  Highways  Committee  is  to  invite  tenders  from  selected  firms 
for  two  hydraulic  accumulators  and  a  pump  for  the  third  section 
of  the  central  car  repair  depot. 

91e\l>oroui>;ll. — May  30th.  Lancashire  boiler,  for  the 
T.D.C.  electricity  department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-dav. 

Kew|iort.— April  2Gth.  One  2,000-2,500-KW.  bUani 
turbo-aliernator,  surface  condensing  plant,  one  600-KW.  d.c. 
generator,  and  e.h.t.  and  l.t.  switcbgear,  for  the  Corporation.  Sie 
"Official  Notices"  April  11th. 

Korway.  —  April  2i)th.  Christiania  Electric  Y.'.  .i,--. 
Condensing  plant  for  two  6,000- KW.  steam  turbines.  /Im.  iw<i 
electrically-driven  centrifugal  pumps,  to  be  tendered  for  by  M  ..i  ■'-  h 
A  copy  of  the  conditions  has  now  been  receivfd  from  H,M.  CoLcuI 
at  Christiania,  and  can  be  seen  at  the  Board  of  Trade  Commercial 
Intelligence  D^partment,  in  London.  "  Elektricitetsve  kets  Expe- 
ditionskontor,  Raadbusgaten  I'.l."  Christiania.  Local  representation 
by  a  resident  agent  is  essential. 

May  1st. — Narvick  Electrical  Works.  200  metres  of  600-ram. 
turbine  pipes  with  intake  machinery,  260-H  P.  turbo-generator,  two 
transformers,  h.t.  cables,  k.c.  Specification,  &c.,  from  Dipl. 
Ingenior  Per  Larssen,  Hamar,  Norway. 

Panama. — The  National  Assembly  has  passed  a  law 
authorising  the  carrying-out  of  public  works  in  various  parts  of 
the  country.  The  works  include  the  construction  of  electrii; 
lighting  installations,  telegraph  and  telephone  lines,  kc.  A  list  of 
the  works  to  be  carried  out  may  be  seen  at  the  Commercial 
Intelligence  Branch  of  the  Board  of  Trade. — Board  i>l'  I'mdc 
.hnn-nal. 

Petei  borough. — May  (;th.  One  500-k\v.  d.c.  steam 
turbine  generating  set  and  two  steam  boilers,  for  the  Corporation. 
See  "  Official  Notices  ""  to-day. 

Rochdale. — May  l-lth.  Electrically  -  driven  inducdl- 
draught  plant,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  department  See 
"Official  Notices"  to-day, 

8alford. — May  19th.  Tenders  invited  for  10  car  bodiis 
and  10  Brill  trucks.  General  Manager,  32,  Blackfriars  Strett, 
Salford. 

Sheffield.- — May  5th.  Excavations,  retaising  walls  and 
extension  to  water  service  reservcir  at  Neepeend  Power  Station, 
including  valves,  pipework,  kc,  for  the  Corjjoration.  See  "  Official 
Notices''  April  18th. 

South  Africa. —  Dihuan. — May  28th.     Electric  r.  lUi- 

testing  equipment,  for  the  Council.     Copy  of  specification,  ^  .,  i.  ay 
be  seen  at  Board  of  Trade  Com.  Intel.  Dept.  in  London. 

South  Shields. — May  1st.  Tramway  stores  for  oi  c  cr 
three  years,  for  the  T  C.    Mr.  W.  T,  Robson,  manager.  Dean  \\  ad. 

Spain. — .lune  lt;th.  "  Direccion  General  de  01  ras 
Piiblicas.  Ministerio  de  Eomento,"  Madrid,  Concession  I  ;  i\.-. 
construction  and  working  of  an  electric  tramway  from  1.  i.s  to 
Tarragona.  Deposit  of  in, 427  pesetas  (about  £3g.i)  to  qiul.fy. 
Local  representation  neces^-ary.  Particulars  at  the  Commercial 
Intelligence  Branch  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  London,  E.C 

WarrinfTton. — May  13th.  Traction  battery  and  rever- 
sible booster,  for  the  Corporation      See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Advertising  on  Corporation  tramcare.  Tramways  manager.  Car 
Bhe<ls,  Warrington 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,H4K,  Ai'Uii,  2/5,  li»i;).l 


TflK    KLKCTRICAL    IIFAIKW. 


f;H;-; 


CLOSED. 

Admiralty.-  Messrs.  ('arcis  Krcrcs  (AKHociiitcs  of  t!on- 

Rulidatud  Diesel  I')ii|;ino  M  ami  fact  iirerc,  Ltd.)  have  received  an 
order  from  the  Iirilinh  Admiralty  for  two  revcrnible  DicBcI  marine 
en^rinoM  of  l,."iUO  ii  ii.i'.  each.  TheHe  cnijineH  will  bo  of  the  two- 
stroke  ojion  marine  tyi)o,  fitted  with  croHsheadB,  and  of  Mepurp. 
Careln'w  latest  desiifn. 

Australia,— MKMior  UN  i;. — A(;corclin},'to7V'»(^7.v(J///(//;y 
and  Eiiiihweriny  l/nnew).  a  contract  has  lieen  placed  by  the  City 
Council  with  Mepsrs.  Willans  iV  Robinson  lor  two  turbo-generator 
sets,  each  of  1,000  KW.  The  tnrbincH  arc  of  the  \\  illanB  standard 
dipk-and-drum  type.  The  alternators  are  by  Siemens,  and  arc  for 
(;,000  volts,  50  cycles,  threcphaee.  The  condensio);  plant  is  of  the 
Willans  standard  au(;mentor  type.  The  plant  is  to  bo  erected  at 
the  Spencer  Street  power  houec. 

The  same  exchange  states  that  the  Australian  Metal  Co.,  Lid., 
have  secured  an  order  for  the  followinpr  plant,  to  be  installed  at  the 
Bellbird  Colliery,  Iletton  (,.\.S.\V.)  ;  — 

Two  Biowott- Lindlrv  engines,  dircct-oouiiled  to  two  A. E.G.  SE6-K». 
Rltetnfttors.  '2,'200-V()H,  tliior-rliase,  50  o.vcles,  375  b.i.m.;  one  clRht- 
panel  awitohboftrd,  with  one  Tirrell  regulator  panel ;  one  250  kw.  A. E.G. 
Miotor-Kcneralor,  operating  at  a  distance  rl  1}  miles  fiom  the  btation, 
the  motor  bi  ing  supplied  with  current  at  2,0C0  volts;  one  endless. rope 
haulage  ge«r,  driven  by  two  A. KG.  150  ii.r.  2,000volt  motors;  one 
main  and  tail  ropo  haulage  gear,  driven  by  one  A.E.G.  lOO-ir.r.  2,000- 
volt  motor  ;  one  SUUh.p.  A.E.G.  vaiiablo-tpoed  2,000voU  motr  r,  driving 
"Sirccco"  fan  of  4CO,000  cb.  ft.  per  minute;  three  A.E.G.  80-h.p. 
a.OOO-volt  motors,  driving  fircens;  one  A.E.G.  CO-H  r.  5C0volt  motor, 
driving  6  »  10  Worthingtcn  pump;  tix  A.E.G.  5-n  v.  motorp,  driving 
4-in.  pumps.  All  cables,  nfotorpanels,  switchgear,  are  to  le  of  A.E.G. 
latest  disign,  tpecially  suited  for  underground  mining  work.  There 
will  aleo  be  installed  two  ICOh.i'.  A. E.G.  motors,  and  five  A.E.G.  static 
translcrmers,  to  transform  from  2.000  to  fOO  volts.  The  consulting 
engineer  for  tlie  colliery  is  Mr.  J.  H.  New  by,  and  the  mine  crgineer  is 
Mr.  Matliiesor. 

Sydney.— The  contract  for  a  "1,000  kw.  turbo-alternator  has  been 
placed  with  the  Anstralian  .Metal  Co.,  Ltd.  (Electrical  Department), 
Sydney,  at  £21,2SH.     The  list  of  tenders  was  given  last  week. 

.New  SofTH  Wale.s.— The  Auxlnilian  MmiiKi  Stamlnn]  states 
that  the  Public  Works  Department  has  ordered  a  "Carrick"  three- 
motor  electric  overhead  travelling  crane  for  Ubr's  Point  workshopp, 
f  .tCiB,  from  J.  E.  O'Toole  i:  Co.,  Sydney  ;  alfo  an  electric  installa- 
tion at  Uhr's  Point  power  station,  £1,000,  from  the  Aust.  General 
Electric  Co. 

Croydon  and  Dnndee. — A  contract  for  traction  tantalum 

lamps  for  the  Dundee  tramways  for  the  ensuing  12  months  has 
been  received  by  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd..  who 
have  also  obtained  a  renewal  of  the  contract  for  the  supply  of 
similar  traction  lamps  to  the  County  Borough  of  Croydon  for  (he 
ensuing  12  months,  together  with  the  mpply  of  "Wolan"  drawn 
tungsten  wire  lamps  for  depot  lighting,  \:c. 

East  Hani.— The  T.C.  has  accepted  tlie  tender  of 
Callender's  Cable  \  Construction  Co  ,  Ltd.,  for  main  feeder  cable. 

Edinhargll. — The  tender  of  -tlie  Basfcian  Meter  Co.,  Ltd., 
has  again  been  accepted  by  the  Corporation  for  the  supply  of 
2  i -ampere  meter?. 

firfenock. — IMie  Corporation  ba.s  accepted  an  offer  of 
Halley's  rndustrial  Motor.a,  Ltd.,  for  a  motor  wagon  for  the  elec- 
tricity department,  for  £700 ;  alfo  a  tender  of  the  British 
Westinghouse  Co.  for  two  A.c.  motors  for  7.50  kw.  each,  to  be 
coupled  to  existing  low-tension  dynamos,  for  £2.28^. 

Huddersfield. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted 
the  tender  of  Messrs.  E.  Green  &  Son,  at  £86(1,  for  an  econ'-miser. 
The  Committee  hss  also  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Greenword 
and  Batley  for  a  turlw-dynamo,  to  take  the  place  of  plant  to  be 
scrapped. 

Hungary, — .Messrs.  Gaiiz  &  Co.,  of  Budapest,  have 
secured  a  contract  for  the  construction  of  an  electric  tramway  iu 
the  town  of  Kolozsvar. 

Government   Contracts. — The  following  tenders  have 

been  accepted  during  the  past  month  by  the  Government  Depart- 
ments named  ; — 

Ad.mib.vliv. 
Misce'.laneous  articles.— Chic lide  Electrical  Storage  Co.,  Craigpark  Electric 

Cable  Co. 
Dislributing  boxes.— B.I.  &  H« Ifcby  Cables,  Ltd.,  Chadbum's  (Pbip)  Tele- 
giaph  Co.,  Clarke.  Chapman  it  Co..  Hawkers,  Ltd  ,  McGeoch  &  Co., 
E.  F.  Moy,  Ltd.,  Player  4  Mitchell,  Spagnoletti,  Ltd. 
India  Offiik. 
Accumulators.— Pritchetts  &  Gold. 
Boxis.— Siemens  Bros.  &  Co, 

Cable.— Bolton  &  Sons  and  Hooper's  Telegraph,  iSc,  Works. 
Cells. —  Tudor  Accumulator  Co. 
Motors.— Lancashire  Dynamo,  &c.,  Co. 
Switches.— Edgar  Allen  &  Co. 

War  Ofuce, 
Dynamos.— J.  H.  Holmes  &  Co. 

Post  Office. 
Telephonic  apparatus.— Automat-o  Telephone  Manufacturing  Co.,  B.I.  and 

Helbby  Cables,  Ltd..  and  Peel-Conner  Telephone  Wcrks,  Ltd, 
Wood  arnis.— Millar's  Timbtr  \  Trading  Co. 
Silence  cabinets.— King  A:  Scarborough. 
Telegraphic  cable.— Siemens  Bios,  i  Co. 
Telephonic  cable. -B.I.  4  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd  ,  and  W.  T.  Henlev's  Tele- 

graph  Works  Co. 
Dry  cells.- Siemens  Brcs.  i  Co. 
Stoneware  ducts. — Albion  Clay  Co. 

Telegraphic  ironwork.— Guest.  Keen  &  Nettlefolds,  Ltd.,  Portland  Bolt  and 
Nut  Co.,  and  C.  Kichards  &  Sons. 


,M.,r;.u  pii|,.  r,      \S  ai.'ilow  A  h.,f;k 

I'ownr    pmiit    and    wiling.     .Nllon    Wirolcu   Htallun.— WcilmliiiUr    Kiigl- 

nceriiig  Co. 
'I'olephone  exclianKB  »i|iilpmi^nt.     Kant  Kicliang*.  I.OD<)cn,  We«l»rn  TAt- 

iric  Co. ;    new  Victoria  K«<liaiige,  Ix>nd<in,  and  Kllmarnnek  Kicbanfe, 

I'eclC'cinncr  'rulephniio  Wnika,    Ltd.;  CllT  Kxchange,  Linden,  (eon- 

vonion  to  keyloBH  working)  Wiaii-rn  KIcclric  Co. 
Cuu»s  A>».Niii  toa  1111.  CoLoaiKi. 
Underground  telephone  cable.     B.L  A  llrlNby  CabUn,  Ltd. 
I'olCH,  \c.— biemcns  Uron.  *  Co. 

Lced.s. — The  MirrlecH- Watson  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  (;iangow.  Lave 
recently  eccured  a  repeat  order  for  a  large  hurfai^e  condenHinir  plant 
for  the  Corporation  electricity  work",  cRpable  of  dealinK  *''*• 
KJO.OOO  lb.  of  Btenm  per  hour.  The  plant  will  be  cminectcd  to  a 
turbo-alternator,  for  which  McsMrs.  Willans  .V  Ilobinson  have  jont 
received  the  order.  The  condcnfcr  of  thin  installation  in  of  a  very 
^pecial  design,  to  suit  the  conditions  of  dirty  water  obtained  for 
condensing  purposes  from  the  river  Aire.  This  water  contains  a 
large  amount  of  woollen  material,  which,  along  with  mnd,  wjon 
clogs  up  the  ordinary  type  of  eondenser.  The  condenser  in  designed 
so  that  all  the  tubes  can  lie  cleaned  out  whilst  the  plant  is  in 
operation.  The  How  of  the  cooling  water  can  U;  reversed  without 
interfering  with  the  running  of  the  plant.  The  condenser  is  of 
the  vertical  type  design,  havirg  24,600  kj.  ft.  cooling  surface.  The 
total  height  of  the  condenser  is  28  It.,  and  it  weighs  >».5  tons, 

London.  —  L.C.C.  —  The     Highwajs     CommitU;e     has 
accepted  tenders  for  the  supply  of  tramway  parts,  equipment,  k.c 
for  the  year  ending  April  liOih,  1914,  from  the  following  Brma  :- 

Motor  and  generator  spares.  -  British  Westinghouse  Co.,  Dick,  Kerr  A  Co., 

and  Uanrhf  ster  Armature  Hejair  Co. 
Cont  oiler,  ciretit  breaker  and   oilier   switch,  4c.,  details,  and   DagoetiR 

brake  rparcs. —British  Westinghouse  Co.  and  D  rk,  Kerr  &  Co. 
Contact  fingers  and  parts,  segments,  &c.— Biitish  Westinghouse  Co.,  Dyer 

acd    Yoong,    Estier    Bros.,    Edwin    Showell    A    S.ns,    and    7ram»ay 

Supplies,  Ld. 
Presiod  brass  and  steel  articles.- Hadflcld's  Eteel  Fonndiy  Co.,  Cooi-cjor 

and  Elevator  Co.,  Peter  Hoi  ktr,  and  M.  Mole  A  Son. 
Electric  cable,  fuse  wire  ai  d  cotton  coven  d  cpper  wire.— Midland  Electric 

Wire  Co.,  Liverpool  Heetrio  Cable  Co.,  W.  T.  Glover*  Co.,  Hooper's 

Telegraph  &  India  Rubl  er  Woi  ks,  and  Saxonia  Elecuical  Wire  i.>. 
Copper  bonds.— B  I.  &  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd. 
Rubber  details.  -J.  G.  Ingram  &  Sen,  North  British  Rubber  Co.,  and  LR., 

G.P.  &  Telegraph  Works  Co. 
MouUled  insulators  (other  than  lubber).— Ehoneetcs  Mannfacturing  Co, 

Crjslalate  Manufacluring  Co.,  and  Bi  iti'  li  Wej  tinghoufc  I  0. 
Fibre  ariicks.— J.  Burns,  F.  A.  Fill  A  Co.,  snd  Mosses*  Mitchell. 
Mica  and  micaiiile  articles.-  D.  Jaroslaw  and  George  Sthuhz  &  Co. 
Insulators  and  porcclstns  for  electric  tracks oik.—  Bullers,  Ltd  ,  DcuHon 

and  Co.,  .ind  Taylor,  Tunniclilf  &  Co. 
Baking    and    airdiying    insulating    varnishef.— Pinchin,  Jchneon    &    Co. 

(three  years). 
Car  furniture. -Edwin  Showell  &  Sons,  Player  i  Mitchell,  Brush  Elictiical 

tnginteiirg  Co.,  G.  U.  I'etcis  &  Co.,  and  Gabriel  &  Co. 
Machined  brinze  bearings  —Anti-Attrition  Me  al  Co. 
Machine-finished  articles  (brass,  gun  metal,  Sc.).— Edwin  Shfwcll  A  Sons, 

Bstler  Bns.,  Anti-Atlritii  n   Btetal  Co.,  Plajer  &  Mitchell,  and   Dav.s 

and  Timmins. 
MachinefiDished  articles  (iron,  stfel,  ,4c.).  — Wilkes,  Ltd.,  Biiiisb  Westire- 

house  Co.,  Bayliss,  Jones  ,\;  Bayiiss,  E.  H.  B<  ntall  &  Co.,  Davis  aid 

'limmins,  F.  W.  Cotterill,  Louis  Hene,  John  Holroyd  ,<:  Co.,  Ilbolecn 

Brc  s.  &  Co.,  and  F.  W.  Kowlatds  &  Co. 
Gear  and  pinion  wheels,  ratchets,  woims,  itc— British   HeleShaw  Patent 

Clutch  Co..  John  Holroyd  &  Co.,  and  V.  W.  Rowlands  &  Co. 
Drcp  forged  stampings.-  Charles  Bunn,  Woodall  &  Co.,  Aimstrong,  Sterena 

and  Son,  and  Wilkes,  l.t^l. 
lion  and  steel  forgings  — Male  i  Jordan,  Burst,  Nelson  &  Co.,  Wccdall  acd 

Co.,  W.  J.  Ritchie  A  Co.,  Bayliss.  Jones  A-  Baylis-,  Chas.  Bunn,  Wilkes, 

Ltd.,  and  East  Ferry  Read  Engineering  Works  Co. 
Springs.- Lion   Sprirg  Co.,  Geo.  baiter  &  C"".,  Smith   Br  s.  i  Hill,  Joteph 

Steel  &  Sens,  Tempered  i  pi  ing  Co.,  and  West  Bromwith  fcpring  Co. 
Machined   iron   castings.-  Carton   Co  ,  John   Crowley  &   Co  ,  H.   Newton 

Knights  &  Co.,  and  Thomas  Sumtnerson  &  Sons. 
Iron  castings. —  Brighttidc  Foundry  &  F.ngiLeering  Co.  and  Joseph  William- 
son &  Co. 
Machined  malleable  iron  csslings.— Bul'ers,  Ltd.,  Leys  Malleah'e  Castings 

Co.,  and  Brecknell,  Munro  &  Rogers. 
Malleable  iron  castings.  -Jclm  Crowley  A  Co.  aid  Brydcn  ,'i  Co. 
Si  eel  castings  (machined  and  unmachined).— Thomas  tit  th  iSons,  National 

Steel  Foundry,  Ltd.,  Samuel  Peace  &  Sens,  Edgar  Allen  &  Co.,  F.  W. 

Rowlands  &  Co.,Hadfield's  Steel  Foundry  Co.,  and  H.  R.  Marsden.Ltd. 

la  their  observations  on  the  tenders,  the  Highways  Committte 
say  that,  with  a  few  exceptions,  they  have  accepted  the  lowest 
tender  in  each  case.  For  certain  items,  two  or  more  firms,  some  of 
them  the  present  contractors,  submitted  the  sanae  price?,  and  the 
Committee  have,  in  most  of  these  cases,  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
present  contractors.  "  The  prices  received  for  certain  of  the  items 
are  unfavourable,  and  we  submit  a  recommendation  that  the 
tenders  therefor  should  not  be  accepted."  They  recommend  that 
none  of  the  tenders  for  the  following  be  accepted  ;— 

Sehtdulf.  Xo.o/ilcm. 

T.    8  (contact-fir  gers  and  parts,  ic.) 23 

T.  10  (moulded  insulators,  other  than  rubber)                      . .  4 

T.  14  (baking  and  air  drying  varnishes) 2  and  4 

T.  18  (macbine-tinished  articles-  brass,  gun  metal,  &c.)     . .  l.i 

T.  19  (machine-finished  articlcs—iion,  sttel,  Ac  )     ..         ..  13 

T.  22  (iron  and  steel  forginfs)        15 

T.  29  (steel  castings,  machined  and  unmachiued)               ..  i 

The  Fire  Brigade  Committee  recommends  for  acceptance  the 
tender  of  "  Cedes  '  Electric  Traction,  Ltd.,  for  two  electrically- 
driven  motor  escape  vans,  for  £  1,6'JS,  the  company  to  be  allowed  to 
sub-let  the  supply  of  the  batteries  to  the  Tudor  Accomulator 
Co.,  Ltd. 

The  Highways  Committee  received  the  following  tenders  for 
(1)  the  reconstruction,  for  electric  traction,  of  the  existing  horf<= 
tramways  from  Highbury  Station  to  City  Road.  ",i  St.  Pauls  Road. 
Canonbury  Road,  New  North  Road  and  East  Road  ;  and  U")  the 
reconstruction  of  the  tramways  from  Chapel  Street  to  Nile  Street, 
Woolwich,  and  the  construction  of  the  authorised  tramways  from 
Catford  to  Southend.  >w  Brcmley  Road.  The  tenders  also  contain 
provision  for  certain  paving  and  other  works  outside  the  tramway 
tracks  iu  connection  with  street  wideuings  along  the  routes  of  the 


684 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       LVoi.72.  No.  i,848.  apbil  25, 1913. 


tramways  from  Hiehbnry  fetation  to  City  Road,  and  froin  Chapel 
Street  to  Nile  Street.  The  improvement  works  to  be  done  by  the 
contractors  alonpr  the  latter  iout«,  however,  form  only  a  small 
portion  of  the  total,  the  remainder  of  which  will  be  executed  by 
the  Woolwich  Sfetropolitan  Boroug-h  Council  on  the  Council's 
behalf:  — 

(1)  ffiifhb'iry  Stiition  to  Cilij  Roail  tramivn ;/x. 
Tramway    Improvement 
works.  works.  Total. 

A.M.Coles  £ic,.nT2  £1,335  £50,107 

J  .ho  M.jwlem  ,S  Co.,  Ltd.       ..  iS.aSV  4,799  .53,tia7 

Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd £0.796  1,78)  55,fS2 

fi.  PetcT  Trentham,  Ltd 57,081  1.672  61.607 

(2)  fhnprl  Sfrrrt  t,>  Mir  Sfrret,  U'ooluir/i,  and  ratforii  to 
S-ifilh.ui1  I  r,i  III  \ia  ijs. 

Tramway    Improvement 

works.            works.  Total. 

A    N.  Colei            ..                    ..               A.39.4i5          '  f  l,08!l  t)0,61.i 

John  Mowlem  &  Co..  ua lOBU             1,479  l2,iao 

Iic0!t:e  Wimpey  «Co 41,531                1,301  42,833 

Dick,  Kerr  ,S  Co.,  Ltd 43.228                1,161  41,692 

O.  PfrcT  Trentliam,  Ltd.         ..                  52,249               1,100  ,S3,619 

The  lowest  tender  in  each  case  is  that  submitted  by  Mr.  A.  N. 
Coles.  The  Committee  say; — ''We  have  given  very  careful  con- 
sideration to  the  question  of  the  steps  to  be  taken  to  provide  for 
the  electrification  of  these  three  tramways  in  the  shortest  time 
possible,  and  with  due  regrard  to  the  work  beinjr  executed  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  Council.  It  is  probable  that  the  work  on  the 
three  routes  will  be  in  prosrress  at  the  same  time,  and  as  the  work 
from  Hiirhbury  Station  to  City  Koad  will  have  to  be  carried  out  in 
two  portions,  and  is  situated  at  a  considerable  distance  from  that 
to  be  undertaken  south  of  the  Thames,  we  feel  that  the  (  ouncil  s 
interests  would  best  be  served  by  entrusting  the  works  to  two  con- 
tractors, instead  of  the  whole  of  the  works  being  done  by  one 
contractor.  We  accordingly  propose  that  the  reconstruction  of  the 
tramways  from  Highbury  Station  to  City  Road  should  be  under- 
taken by  Mr.  A.  N.  Coles,  and  that  the  construction  and  recon- 
struction of  the  Catford  to  Southend  and  the  Chapel  Street  to  Nile 
Street  tramways  should  be  undertaken  by  John  Mowlem  &  Co., 
Ltd  ,  the  firm  submitting  the  second  lowest  tender.'" 

The  tenders  received  for  the  rewinding.  ,Vc..  of  17  HOo-kw.  and 
three  .500-k\v.  motor-generators  at  tramway  sub-stations  were  :  — 

ISewton  Bros (recommended)   £7,987 

Manchi-s'tr  Armature  Repair  Co 8,830 

luck,  Kerr  i  Co.,  Ltd 14,100 

British  WestjnghoDse  Electric  Co.  21,321 

Isi.iN<;TOX. — The  Guardians  have  accepte<l  the  tender  of  the 
General  Electric  Co..  Ltd.,  for  a  supply  of  electrical  fittings  and 
sundries. 

Lewisham. — The  B.  of  G.  on  Monday  were  informed  by  the 
Works  Committee  that  Messrs.  W.  R.  Reynolds,  whose  tender  had 
been  accepted  for  the  electrical  installation  at  the  workhouse  and 
infirmary,  had  withdrawn,  as  they  had  omitted  to  include  the  prices 
for  lamps  and  fittings.  Their  tender  was  for  the  infirmary  £4  7!i, 
and  for  the  workhouse  £440.  In  pursuance  of  the  Board  s 
iostructions,  they  had  accepted  the  tender  of  Mr.  A,  .1.  Hewens  for 
the  infirmary,  his  price  being  £74!i,  and  he  had  signed  the  contract. 
With  regard  to  the  workhouse  installation,  Messrs.  Weston  A;  Sons, 
whose  price  was  £()lo,  had  written  that  they  did  not  feel  justified 
in  taking  the  work  on  at  the  price  quoted,  £640.  and  made  another 
ofifer.  The  Committee  recommended  that  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Haycroft.  Ltd..  be  accepted,  for  £7."i'.»  10s. 

Mr.  .1.  Clemow  inquired  whether  any  communication  had  been 
received  from  Messrs.  Tredegar  A:  Co..  whose  tender  was  £668. 

The  Clerk  said  the  firm  had  not  been  communicated  with. 

Mr.  Clemow  proposed  that  the  report  be  referred  back,  with  a 
view  to  Messrs.  Tredegar  being  asked  if  they  stood  by  their  tender. 

Mr.  .1.  Weeks,  in  seconding,  said  there  was  a  difference  of  cloi-e 
on  £l"'^i  between  the  two  tenders,  and,  in  fairness  to  Messrs. 
Tredegar,  they  should  have  an  opportunity  of  declining  the  work. 

Mr.  W.  Wood  said  the  desire  of  the  Committee  was  to  avoid  "  any 
more  fooling  about.  '     The  specifications  were  absolutely  perfect. 
'  Mr.  Weeks  replied  that  the  specifications  were  sent  out  at  10  o'clock 
at  night,  and  decided  upon  the  next  day.     He  was  not  surprised  that 
the  experts  could  not  understand  them. 

The  Board  referred  the  matter  back  to  the  Committee  fot  further 
consideration. 

LTminiTton  (HanT.s.).— The  T.C  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  the  Lyniington  Electric  Light  4:  Power  Co.  for  installing 
the  electric  light  at  the  offices,  at  £6,5.  The  only  other  tender  was 
from  Messrs.  F.  W.  Cook  .V  Son.  of  Southampton,  at  £60. 

.Mailistipld. — The  >rangfield  Engineei'in<r  (.'o.  has  been 
appointed  to  supply  wiring  sundries  to  the  T.C.  for  the  current  year. 

Oltan. — The  T.C.  Lighting  Committee  received  tender.? 

from  Callender  s  Cable  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  the  British  Insulated  i:  Helshy 
Cibles.  Ltd.,  for  renewal  of  certain  portions  of  defective  cable. 
The  offer  of  Callender  s  Cable  '  o.  was  accepted. 

Paisley.— Messrs.  Siemens  Bros,  have  received  a  contract 
for  a  .500- Kw.  rotary  converter  for  the  electricity  works,  at  £l,4i7. 
Five  firms  tendered. 

8a)t<>r(l. — The  Edacation  Committee   has  accepted  the 

tender  of  Messrs  Willoughby  ,t  Wilcox  for  wiring  in  the  new 
laboratories  and  workshops,  for  the  sum  of  £40.  The  .Tuvenile 
Employment  .*»iib-committee  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Davenport.  Sparrow  \-  Co.  for  electric  lighting  at  the  Employment 
Bureau.  The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the  offer  of 
Messrs.  .1.  Jewel  ,<  Sins,  Birmingham,  for  the  purchase  and  removal 
of  the  No.  1  engine  and  generator  at  the  electricity  station,  for 
*'  srwi.     The  ^nders  of  the  following  for  the  purchase  of  quantities 


of  waste  turbine  and  crank  chamber  oil  have  been  accepted  : — Mr. 
E.  W.  Wollaston,  12  barrels,  at  ISs.  per  barrel;  Mr.  E.  Spencer, 
:!'.'  barrels,  at  its.  per  barrel. 

Soutll  Africa. — ^lessrs.  Siemens  have  obtained  a  con- 
tract for  the  yearly  supply  of  "  Wotan "  drawn  tungsten  wire 
lamps  to  the  Government  of  the  I'nion  of  South  Africa. 

Swindon. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  for  the  ensninfr  year 
the  tender  of  the  Reason  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  miniature 
and  single-tube  type  electrolytic  meters. 

Swinton  and  Pendlebury. — The  T'.D.C.  has  accepted 

the  following  tenders  in  connection  with  the  erection  and  equip- 
ment  of  the  Broad  Oak  Park  sub-station  ;  — 

\V.  Farnworth  .i  Son.— Building,  £48. 

Oeneral  Llectric  Co.  -S-.vitehgear,  £119. 

General  Cable  Manufacturing  Co.— Supply  main,  £205. 

West  Ham. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  offer  of  Messrs. 
Cory  \:  Son  to  supply  the  following  coal  to  the  electricity  works 
during  a  period  of  13  months  : — 5,i'17  tons  of  peas,  10s.  2d.  per  ton  ; 
t..000  tons  ditto,  l.Hs.  ;  41.000  tons  ditto,  I'ss.  3d.  ;  ri.8>l  tons  of 
rough,  10s.  2d.  per  ton. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


Physical  Society.— Fridiiy,  Apiil  25th.  At  5  p.m.  At  tlie  Imperial  College 
of  Science,  tiouth  Kensington,  B.W.  Pajier  on  "Some  Experiments  to 
Detect  ,3-ray6  from  K.'idiiim- A,"  by  Messrs.  W.  Makower  and  8.  Ritss  ;  and 
other  papers. 

Junior  Institution  of  Engineers.— Fndav,  April  25tb.  At  8  p.m.  At  89, 
\  cctona  Street.     Paper  on  "  Condensing  Machinery,"  by  Mr.  J.  Elliott. 

■■  Northampton"  Past  Day-Students'  Association.  -Saturday,  April  26th. 
.■\t  B  p.m.     .\t  the  Northampton  Institute,  K.C.     .Annual  general  meetinc. 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers.-  Mnndiy,  April  23tli.  Btudenta'  meeting. 
At  8  p.m.  LrHure  on  "  I^aw  in  Relation  to  Eogineeiing, "  by  Mr.  T.  Frame 
Thomson. 

Tuesday,  April  29tli.    At  8  p.m.    At  the   iDBtitution  of   Hecbanical 
Kiigmeers.    Annual  general  meeting. 

Institution   of   Electrical   Engineers  (Newcastle   Students'   Section).— 

Monday,   April    l!8th.     Paper   on   "Cascade   Connections,"   by   Mr.   H.    V. 


He 


nikc 


(London).— Thursday,  May  Ist.  At  8  p.m.  Paper  on  "The  Use  of  the 
Electrostatic  System  for  the  Measiiremfnt  of  Power,"  by  Messrs.  C.  U. 
Paterson,  K.  H.  Rayner  and  .A.  Einnes. 

Illuminating  Engineering  Society.— Tuesday,  April  29th.  At  7.30  p.m.  At 
the  Royal  bociety  of  Arts.  Discussion  on  paper  on  '  Standard  Clauses  for 
Inclusion  in  ii  Specification  for  Street  Ijiuhting, '  to  be  resumed. 

Royal  Society  of  Arts.— Wednesday,  April  30ih.  AtSp.m,  Paper  on  "The 
Jjcieiice  Museum,"  by  Mr.  F.  G.  0f.'ilvie. 

Society  of  Engineers.— Saturday,  May  3rd.  At  8  p.m.  At  the  Holborn 
Rebtaurant.     Bohemian  concert. 

Salford  Technical  and  Engineering  Association.— Saturday,  May  3rd.  Vis.it 
to  the  Ecouomiscr  Works  i,f  .Messrs.  E.  Green  «  Son,  Ltd  ,  Wakefield. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  OCBoer— LiKni.-CoL.  H,  M,  Vv-kr. 

The  following  orders  have  been  issued  for  the  current  week  ; — 

Monday,    April    2fth.— "A"   Company.      Recruit  training,   7   to  8   p,m. ; 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Tuesday,  April  29tli. — "B"  Company.  Hi  unit  training,  7  to  8  p.m.; 
company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Thursday,    May    1st.— "C"  Company.     Hecruit    training,   7    to    8    p  ra.  i 

company  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 
Friday,    May    2nd.— "D"   Company.      Recruit    (raining,    7    to    8    p.m.: 

e -inpany  training,  7  to  10  p.m. 

Saturday,  Tklay  3rd. — All  Companies.  Annual  musketry  at  Purfleet  Bifle 
Ranees  Trains  leave  Fenchurch  Street  Station,  Midland  Railway, 
Tilbury  Branch,  at  1.15,  1.35  and  2.16  p.m.  Men  arriving  by  later  train;, 
will  be  unable  to  fire.     Rifles,  &c.,  are  provided  for  at  the  Ranges. 

Headquarters  will  be  opened  for  regimental  bu  mess  from  10  a.m. 
till  12  noon. 

(Signed)        P.  H.  Campbell,  (apt.  R.E.,  and  Adjl. 

For  Officer  commanding  Li.E.B. 


French  Electrical  Steel. — The  production  of  steel  in 

France  by  means  of  the  electric  furnace  amounted  in  1908  to 
2  i^^y  tons  crude,  and  1,:^35  tons  finished.  In  the  three  years  to 
1911  the  output  rose  to  13.8,i0  tons  and  ■''.898  tons  respectively. 
As  France  is  the  birthplace  ot  the  electric  furnace,  this  result  may 
be  regarded  as  only  natural. —  La   B^^y  Eloelr\qiir. 

Scarcity  of  Enfrineerinjc  Apprentices.— A  corres- 
pondent writes  — "  Attracted  by  ihe  uhort  hours  now  being  worked, 
and  the  good  wages  being  earned  by  oolliery  lads,  many  strong-built 
boys  in  central  and  south-east  Lancashire  are  preferring  the  coal 
mine  to  the  foundry  or  the  cotton  mill.  It  is  stated  that  there  is 
a  growing  scarcity  of  apprentices  in  the  engineering  induBtry  in 
the  BoltOQ  district,  one  large  firm  of  textile  machinists  offering 
increased  wages  in  order  to  attract  youths." 


Vol.  7a.     No.  l.Hi.s,  April  l'..,  I'Ji:). 


THE    EliKCTBlCAL   EE'V^QE'W. 


(J8; 


THE  ELECTRICITY  WORKS  OF  TROLLHATTAN. 


{('oiiiludi'd  from  ]iaiic  r,  |  |.) 


Tin:  lai'gt' tiirhiues  were  supplied  by  Messrs.  .\ydi|vist  and 
Iloliu  at  Tr()llli:ittiui  and  Messrs.  Itovinj;  it  Co.'s  branch 
works  at  KrisLineliamn. 

Hacli  alternator  is  provided  witli  an  automatic  circuit- 
breaker  in  the  power 
station,  from  which 
a  r  m  o  u  r  e  d  cables 
lead  through  the 
tunnel  to  the 
switch-house,  where 
a  duplicate  set  of 
bus-bars  is  provided. 
The  power  distri- 
buted locally  at 
10,000  volts  is 
taken  off  these  bus- 
bars, while  a  single 
set  of  50,000-volt 
bus -bars  can  be 
connected  to  them 
through  step-up 
transformers,  with 
automatic  circuit- 
breakers  and  oil- 
switches  on  both 
primary  and  second- 
ary. Three  extra- 
high- pressure  lines 
are  in  use  at  present, 
including  a  double  one  to  Gothenburg.  Elaborate  protection 
against  lightning  discharges  is  provided,  including  choking 
coils,  horn  arresters  shunted  by  oil-resistances,  series-connected 


Fig.  7. — Feeders  leaving  Power  Station. 


and  the  neutral  jioinl.  'i'lie  connections  of  the  )O,000-vo!t 
generator  are  of  bare  cop[)ei-  ijar  carried  on  insulators  :  on  the 
TjO.OOO-volt  switchgear.  copfK-r  tubes  are  einploywl.  InU.-r- 
mcdiate  wiring  is  done  with  lead-sheathed  and  sU.-cl-armoiired 

n:uiti-a)re  cable, 
laid  on  shelves  ;  the 
wiring  for  a  group 
of  apparatus  belong- 
ing U)  a  single  unit, 
such  as  current 
transformers,  relays, 
&c.,  is  all  ernl»odied 
in  one  cable.  Fire- 
proof divisions  are 
provided  between 
conductors  of 
different  phases, 
with  a  metal  screen 
in  front  of  them, 
and  all  oil-immersed 
apparatus  are 
lodged  in  fireproof 
cells. 

Views    of    the 

different    types    of 

bus-bars    and 

switchgear     are 

given    in    figs.    13 

to  lo. 

The   transformer   primaries   are   delta   coupled   and   the 

secondaries  in  star  ;    the  guaranteed  efficiency  of   each  at 

3,000  K.v.A.  (cos  </>  =  1)  and  10,000  volts  is  08-5  percent. 


Fig.  8.— Interior  of  TrRBixE  Room. 


liquid  resistances,  roller  lightning  arresters,  and  water-jet 
dischargers.  The  transformer  secondaries  are  also  protected 
with  inductance  coils,  and  spark  gaps  between  the  phases 


They  were  required  to  withstand  a  short  circuit  on  the  net- 
work with  the  whole  station  in  parallel.  The  windings  were 
tested  with  double  the  working  voltage  for  a  quarter  of  an 


686 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.72.   No.  i,848,  April  25, 1913. 


hour,  and  will  carry  continuously  a  load  of  3,G70  k.v.a. 
with  a  rise  of  temperature  not  exceeding  (!0  C.  The  oil 
tanks  are  made  of  boiler  plate  with  welded  joints,  and  are 
absolutely  air  and  oil-tight.  The  cooling  water  is  circulated 
through  coils  of  copper  pipe,  (50  litres  per  minute  being 
required  for  this  purpose.  The  active  part  of  each 
transformer  weighs  Ifi  tons,  the  tank  and  oil  weighing 
12  tons.  Alarm  devices  are  provided,  which  give  warning 
of  high  or  low  level  of  oil,  due  to  excessive  temperature  on 
the  one  hand,  or  leakage  on  the  other.  Direct-reading  and 
distance  thermometers  are  also  employed,  the  latter  com- 
municating with  the  switch-room,  where  an  elaborate  system 
of  signals  worked  by  relays,  with  alarm  bells  and  lamps,  is 
installed. 

A  60-ton  travelling  crane  was   provided   in   the   power 


undertaking.  The  ruling  feature  of  these  is  the  plain 
conical  shape,  with  only  one  or  two  drip  flanges  near  the 
ends  :  leading-through  insulators  are  made  of  two  such  cones 
fixed  together  at  their  bases.  The  great  advantage  of  the 
smooth  exterior  is  that  the  insulator  is  unaffected  by  arcing- 
over,  where  ribbed  types  would  be  split  by  the  heat  of  the 
arc.     Examples  are  shown  in  fig.  it. 


Fig.  9. 


-Watek-Colujix  Lixe  Discharger,  and  Porcelais 
Insulators. 


station,  and  a  ii-ton  gantry  crane  to  lower  the  machinery 
from  the  railway  track  on  the  cantilever  to  a  lower  track  on 
a  level  with  the  site  of  the  power  station — a  height  of  about 
80  m.  (fig.  11).  A  special  friction  brake  was  provided  on 
the  latter,  cooled  by  circulating  oil  forced  between  the 
friction  disks ;    an  electromagnetic   brake  was   also   fitted. 


Fig.  11. — Cantilever  Gantry  Crane,  42  Tons. 

The  company  state  that  the  disadvantages  of  corrugations 
outweigh  their  advantages.  The  smooth  insulators,  when 
exposed  to  a  moist  atmosphere,  are  quickly  dried  by  the 
slight  leakage  currents,  and  are  less  liable  to  become  covered 
with  a  film  of  dirt  and  moisture  than  corrugated  insulators. 


Fig.  10. — Stator  of  11,0'>0-k.v.a.  Three-Phase  Alternator. 


Fig.  12. — Part  Sectional  Elevation  of  Genebator. 


The  travelling  crane  is  provided  with  a  10-ton  crab  in 
addition  to  the  big  one,  as  the  latter  will  seldom  be  used, 
and  the  former  works  at  a  much  higher  speed. 

Special    porcelain   insulators  have  been  designed  by  the 
Almiinna  Svenska  Electric  Co.  for  use  on  the  TroUhiittan 


The  potential  gradient  and  electrostatic  surface  density  are 
also  uniform  ail  over,  and  the  mechanical  strength  of  the 
plain  conical  shape  is  exceptionally  great,  the  insulators 
being  .superior  not  only  when  subjected  to  heavy  stresses,  but 
also  when  undergoing  shock  and  vibration  during  transport. 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,8<H,  Al'UIL  25,    l<)i:i. 


TUP.    ELECTRICAL    liKVIEW. 


687 


Cast-iron  pliif^H  lU'c  cemented  into  the  top  and  bottom  of 
the  conical  insulators,  alVordinfj;  a  convenient  means  of  fixing 
the  insulators  and  any  apparatus  that  may  he  attaclifd  to 
thcni.  One  of  the  chief  advanta^'cs  of  the  smooth  surface  i.s 
the  ease  with  which  it  can  be  kept  clean  ;  the  economy  of 
material  and  lij^ht  weij^ht,  and  the  jjossibility  of  makinj^ 
larjje  sizes  in  one  piece,  as  the  porcelain  stands  the  oven 
well,  are  further  points  in  their  favour,  tendin<^  to  cheapness 
and  ease  of  standardisation.  In  the  case  of  leadinj^-in 
insulators,  the  possibility  of  puncture  has  to  be  considered  ; 
this  is  guarded  ajjainst  by  increasing  the  diameter  of  the 
base  of  the  insulator.  The  arcing-over  voltage  for  these 
smooth  insulators  is  practically  the  same  as  for  air  ;  the 
presence  of  flanges,  which  produce  non-uniform  electrostatic 
density  with  resulting  ionisation  of  the  air,  is  found  to 
reduce  the  arcing-over  value  in  the  older  types  of  insulator. 
The  arcing  voltage  being  thus  definitely  known,  the  factor 
of  safety  can  be  closely  determined,  and  in  the  case  of  the 
Trollhiittan  installation  the  makers  have  supplied  insulators 
having  a  factor  of  safety  of  10  for  10,000  volts,  and  4*5  for 
50,000  volts.  Immersing  the  insulators  in  a  cloud  of  steam 
reduced  the  factor  of  safety  by  40  per  cent.,  rather  more 
than  the  reduction  on  flanged  insulators,  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  smooth  insulators  dry  themselves  more  readily  and 
keep  cleaner. 

The  main  circuit-breakers  are  of  the  oil-immersed  type, 
mechanically   or   electrically   operated.      Those   which   are 


Fig.  13. 


-Ground  Flook  op  Switch-House  : 
Disconnectors. 


lO.OOO-YoLT  Bus-bars  and 


automatic  are  controlled  by  low-voltage 
relays,  which  are  all  of  the  same  pattern 
and  size.  The  oil-tanks  are  all  arranged 
so  that  they  can  easily  be  lowered  to 
expose  the  contacts  for  inspection ;  for 
the  larger  sizes  special  trucks  are  pro- 
vided to  facilitate  this  operation,  as 
shown  in  fig.  17,  with  motor-dri\en 
lifting-frames.  The  electric  operation  of 
the  switches  is  effected  with  direct- 
current  solenoids,  and  the  controlling 
switches  are  provided  with  special  signal- 
ling and  interlocking  devices ;  normally 
each  of  the  controlling  handles  stands  at 
a  middle  or  zero  position,  whether 
the  circuit-breaker  is  closed  or  open, 
and  no  signal  lamps  are  alight,  but 
the  operation  of  a  circuit-breaker  is 
at  once  signalled  on  the  control  board. 
If  a  breaker  is  closed  on  a  short 
circuit,  it  automatically  opens  instantly, 
and  cannot  again  be  closed  until  the 
control  handle  has  first  been  moved 
to  the  "  off "  position.  Some  of 
the  oil  circuit-breakers  are  provided 
with  charging  resistances  on  each  pole, 
in  series  with  the  line,  so  that  when 
switching  on,  the  pressure  is  applied  in 


Fig.  14. — First2Floob'~of  SwiTcu-HorsE  :  10,iiOO-Volt 
Bus-bars. 


two  approximately  equal  stages.  By 
this  means  the  current  rushes  often 
experienced  when  switching-on  a  trans- 
former are  avoided,  a  precaution  of 
special  importance  when  low  fre- 
quencies are  employed.  The  resist- 
ances are  also  of  advantage  when 
charging  long  lines  or  underground 
cables.  These  resistances  are  put  inside 
the  apparatus. 

Before  adopting  the  design  of  the 
circuit-breakers,  the  first  one  was  sub- 
jected to  a  mechanical  test  by  switching 
it  on  and  off  10,00tt  times.  The  cir- 
cuit-breakers were  also  tested  on  loads 
of  20,000  K.v.A.  In  the  50,000-volt 
circuit-breakers,  seen  in  the  middle  of 
fig.  17,  the  distance  between  phases 
is  90  cm. 

All  the  oil  circuit-breakers  on  the 
distributing  system  which  are  arranged 
for  automatic  overload  release  have  time- 
limit  relays ;  those  in  the  power  station 
and  main  sub  -  stations  are  of  the 
Siemens-Schuckert  induction  motor  type. 


Fig.  15.— Second  Floor  of  Switch-House  :  50,000-Volt  Bus-baks. 


688 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EE\7EW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,848,  Apbil  25,  1913. 


which  can  only  be  worked  with  current  from  a  separate 
source.  For  smaller  switches  the  Almiinna  Svenska  Elec- 
tric Co.  has  developed  a  cheaper  relay,  which  is  released  with 
current  derived  from  the  current  transformer ;  this  is  of  the 
solenoid  type,  and  of  specially  strong  construction,  with 
separate  graduated  scales  for  regulating 
the  tripping  current  and  the  time-lag 
respectively. 

Choking  coils  are  provided  in  all 
outgoing  lines  between  the  switchgear 
and  the  lightning  arresters,  as  well  as  on 
the  r)0,000-volt  side  of  the  trans- 
formers ;  the  latter  also  have  reinforced 
insulation  between  the  turns  near  the 
terminals.  The  lightning  arresters  are 
of  the  roller  air-gap  type,  in  series  with 
carborundum  rod  resistances,  and  of 
the  horn  type,  also  in  series  with  resist- 
ances. A  continuous  path  to  earth,  to 
take  off  static  charges,  is  provided  by 
water-jet  arresters,  of  which  a  set  is 
shown  in  tig.  ic. ;  these  are  installed 
on  the  50,000-volt  mains.  On  the 
longest  10,000-volt  lines  the  same  pur- 
pose is  served  by  the  water-column  in  a 
glass  tube  shown  in  fig.  ii.  The 
neutral-point  of  the  generators  is  earthed 
through  a  grid  resistance  designed  to 
carry  l.'i  times  the  normal  current 
with  one  phase  earthed,  for  a  period 
of  30  seconds.  The  neutral  point  of 
the  high-pressure  side  of  the  trans- 
formers is  similarly  earthed. 

At  present  ten  10,000-volt  lines  leave  the  Trolhiittan 
switch-house,  of  which  six  are  overhead  and  the  rest  under- 
ground :  all  these  supply  power  to  consumers  in  Trolhiittan 
and  the  vicinity.  A  single  50,000-volt  line  runs  to 
Hakantorp,  Skara  and  Skofde,  and  a  double  one  to  Lilla 


primaries,  one  transformer  being  spare.  By  means  of  a 
star-delta  switch  the  secondaries  can  be  connected  either 
in  star  on  the  10,(«)0-volt  bus-bars,  or  in  delta  on  the 
0,000-volt  bars.  Ultimately  there  will  be  15  single-phase 
transformers  in  this  sub-station,  with  five  incoming  50,000- 


FiG.  17.— Oil- 


Switches  FOR  10,000  AND  50,000  Volts  in  Sub-Station 
AT  Gothenburg. 

volt  lines,  and  24  outgoing  10,000-volt  feeders.  The  auto- 
matic signalling  system  mentioned  in  connection  with  the 
generating  station  is  fully  utilised  here  also,  there  being  180 
indicators,  with  lamps  and  alarm  bells,  connected  with  the 
transformer  cooUng  devices,  automatic  circuit-breakers,  &c. 
The  Corporation  of  < Gothenburg  takes  energy  from  the  sub- 
station at  (1,000  volts,  and  distributes  it  to  power  consumers 
in  the  town,  in  addition  to  that  derived  from  its  steam 
generating  station. 

The  distance  from  Trollhiittan  to  Gothenburg  is  about 
80  km.,  and  to  Skofde  100  km.  Primary  sub-stations  are 
situated  at  all  the  points  mentioned  above,  and  there  are 
several  secondary  sub-stations  on  the  10,000-volt  mains. 


Fig.  16. — Watek-.jet  Dischargers  for  SO.hOO-volt  Lines. 

Edet,  Nol,  and  Gothenburg,  with  a  branch  from  Lilla  Edet 
to  Alingsas.  At  Gothenburg  the  pressure  is  lowered  to 
10,000  and  0,000  volts  for  distribution  to  consumers  by 
overhead  and  underground  mains.  The  main  sub-station 
contains  seven  .3,000  -  K. v. a.  single -phase  transformers, 
forming      two      three  -  phase     sets      with     star-connected 


Explosion  of  a  Tarbo-Dynamo. — A  serious  mishap,  of 

a  nature  fortunately  rare  in  these  days  of  powerful  generators, 
occurred  on  March  8th  last  in  the  Essen  power  station  of  the 
Rheinisch  Westfalischen  Co.  Shortly  after  1 1  p.m.,  the  Xo.  4 
turbine — a  Zoelly  machine  rnnninpf  at  1,000  r.p.m.  and  coupled  to 
a  5,000-KW.,  0  8  power-factor,  5.250-volt  alternator  with  salient 
rotor  poles — begran  to  emit  peculiar  rising  and  falling  sounds  ; 
meanwhile  the  output  of  the  machine  fluctuated  widely.  The  set 
was  at  once  unloaded,  the  main  switch  being  opened  when  the 
output  was  reduced  to  900  kw.  The  alternator  then  showed  normal 
voltage,  but,  while  the  main  stop  valve  was  being  closed,  the  whole 
machine  "burst."  Wreckage  flew  in  all  directions  and  wrought 
considerable  havoc.  One  piece  of  the  stator,  weighing  several  tons, 
was  thrown  throutrh  the  wall  of  the  power  house,  and,  having 
damaged  the  tramway  track,  ricochetted  against  and  damaged  a 
building  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street.  Five  of  the  poles, 
weighing  about  2,000  lb.,  were  hurled  through  the  roof,  while  the 
remaining  seven  were  found  in  various  parts  of  the  power  house. 
One  pole  soared  over  the  houses  on  the  other  side  of  the  street  and 
buried  itself  deeply  in  the  ground,  while  two  others  were  found 
well  over  100  yards  away  near  the  coke  ovens  of  the  Victoria 
Mathias  pit.  The  engine  room  was  strewn  with  splinters  of  iron 
and  wood  after  the  disaster,  but  with  the  exception  of  an  adjacent 
5,000-KW.  set  which  was  set  on  fire,  no  serious  damage  was  done 
to  the  remaining  valuable  plant  in  the  building.  The  power  house 
building  and  some  of  the  adjacent  property  belonging  to  the 
company  were,  however,  badly  damaged,  but  fortunately  no  loss  of 
life  or  injury  to  person  was  involved. 

The  cause  of  the  disaster  has  not  been  determined,  and  it  is  not 
believed  that  any  definite  conclusion  can  be  reached  in  this  respect. 
The  town  fire  brigade  and  the  station  staff,  aided  by  employes  from 
the  neighbouring  colliery,  soon  restored  comparative  order  to  the 
works,  and  it  is  worth  recording  that  current  supply  was  only 
interrupted  for  about  five  minutes. 


Vol.72.     No.  1,8(8,  Apiui,  LT.,  191:i, 


TIIK    KliKCTlUCAL    ItKVIKW. 


f;8:) 


NOTES. 


lVe\»     I'nlts,     Abbreviations    and    Symbols.    The 

Klrlctroteohniaoher  Verciii,  the  V.D.I.,  and  other  aHHOciated  bf)dieB, 
have  recently  published  amended  lecomniondationii  for  the  nomen- 
clature and  notation  of  mensuration,  time,  mechanical,  heat,  light 
and  electrical  units  and  mapnitudcs.  Most  of  the  abbreviations 
recommended  are  of  obvious  significanco,  a  large  number  being 
already  in  general  use,  but  among  the  arbitrary,  or  less  easily 
intelligible  ones,  may  be  noted  ;— /'  =  O'OOl  mm.  ;  X  =  O'OCl  ml. 
"  0  001  cc.  ;  dt.  (  -  deoitonne)  =  100  kg.  ;  ->  0001  mg.  Time 
tnffirialx  are  represented  by  h..  m.,  s.,  written  on  the  line,  and 
instntitH  of  time  are  denoted  by  the  same  abbreviations  sot  above  the 
line  (thus,  1''  50*").  The  dyne  is  too  small  a  unit  for  use  in 
practical  work,  hence  a  new  unit  of  force,  the  '  i-,  is  introduced. 
The  rix  is  that  force  which  imparts  1  metre  per  sec.  per  sec. 
acceleration  to  a  mass  of  1  tonne;  I  vis  ( -  1  v.)  -  10"  dynes 
and  is  approximately  equal  to  the  weight  of  100  kg.  The  corres- 
ponding work  unit  is  the  vtmnetrr  (viii.)  ;  and  the  power  unit  , 
1  vm.  per  sec,  is  familiar  under  the  name  kilowatt.  Again,  1  har  = 
weight  of  1  grm.  at  45°  latitude  ;  I  kb.  =  weight  of  1  kg.  ;  1  mb. 
=  1  megabar  =  weight  of  1  tonne.  It  is  clear  that  1  v.  =  102  kb. 
approximately  ;  1  KW.-hour  =  3,ii00  vm.  ;  1  vm.  =  I  kilo-joule  - 
1  kj.  (=  102  kbm.  approx.)  ;  1  barmetre  =  1  bm.  =  1  grm. -metre  ; 
1  vm. per  sec.  =  1  KW.  (=  1  f;P.  =  1  Grosspferd).  The  Ilefnr.rc.P.  is 
denoted  by  itk.  ;  the  Hefner-lumen  by  Lm.  ;  the  Hefner-lux  by  Lx. 
1  microfarad  is  denoted  by  /«  F. ;  and  the  ohm  by  f  ,  and  the 
megohm  by    Wi^. 

Copper, — IMessrs.  Merton's  mid-montbly  circular  gives 
particulars  of  the  stocks  in  England  and  France  and  afloat  thereto 
from  Chile  and  Austral ia  on  April  15th,  191 S.  These  amount  to 
32,901  tons,  an  increase  of  <;iii  tons  on  the  quantity  registered  on 
March  3l8t.  While  English  stocks  have  increased  52(1  tons,  and 
French  2B4,  and  the  quantity  afloat  from  Chile  is  'AM  tons  better 
than  on  Ularch  .^Ist,  Australian  shipments  are  .")00  tons  less,  an 
amount  nearly  corresponding  to  the  Fnglish  gain.  For  the  first 
fortnight  of  April  the  arrivals  from  North  America  are  one-third 
above  average,  Spain  and  Portugal  send  a  small  quantity  (6()8 
tons)  to  England  and  France,-  but  full  average  to  other  European 
countries.  Chile  shipments  are  average,  and  Australian  very 
slightly  below.  Total  deliveries,  at  27,221  tons,  are  high,  and 
denote  an  encouraging  demand.  During  March  American  stocks 
were  reduced  by  a  considerable  amount,  s,050  tons.  The  combined 
visible  supply  (excluding  Holland  and  Germany),  consequently 
lowered  by  a  larger  figure  than  has  been  recorded  since  April, 
J912,  viz.,  11,^135  tons.  The  world's  supply  (including  Holland  and 
Germany,  and  estimated  in  other  ports)  shows  a  decrease  of 
7,t)49  tons  for  March. 

Annual  Concert. — London. — The  staff  of  the  Electrical 

Kogineer's  Department  of  the  Great  Eastern  Railway  Co.  held  their 
annual  smoking  concert  at  Cannon  Street  Hotel  on  Saturday,  April 
I'.'th,  and,  with  their  friends,  assembled  in  great  force.  Mr.  H,  W. 
Firth,  M.Inst.CE.,  presided,  and  was  supported  not  only  by  several 
of  the  officers  of  the  Great  Eastern  and  other  companies,  but  by 
several  eminent  gentlemen  engaged  in  the  electrical  engineering 
world,  amongst  whom  may  be  mentioned:  Mr.  Wm.  Duddell, 
President  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  ;  Mr.  A.  H. 
Walton,  of  the  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.  ;  Messrs.  T.  Stevens, 
John  Wilson,  .T.  Robertson,  E,  P,  Grove,  C,  Busk,  E.  Barton,  S.  A. 
Parnwell,  G.  Keary,  A.  O.  Shave.  A.  P.  Parker,  A,  W.  Policy,  G.  P. 
Parker,  and  C.  S.  Egerton.  An  enjoyable  musical  programme 
was  interspersed  with  various  toasts.  Mr.  B.  P,  Grove,  of  the 
London  I'nderground  Electric  Railways,  proposed  the  "Success  of 
the  Chairman,  Directors  and  Officers  of  the  tJreat  Eastern 
liailway,  "  remarking  that,  although  his  association  with  that  com- 
pany had  been  but  of  short  duration,  only  dating  from  the  extension 
of  the  Central  London  Railway  to  Liverpool  Street,  it  had,  never- 
theless, been  of  a  very  cordial  nature,  and  he  could  therefore 
honestly  wish  them  every  success.  Mr.  C,  Busk,  Continental  traffic 
manager,  suitably  responded  in  a  humorous  speech.  The  next  toast, 
that  of  "  The  Visitors,"  was  submitted  by  Mr.  F.  W.  Leake,  who 
extended  a  very  hearty  welcome  to  all  visitors  present.  Air.  Wni. 
Duddell,  in  reply,  expressed  the  pleasure  it  gave  them  to  be 
present,  and  dealt  with  electrical  topics  past  and  present. 
The  toast  of  "The  Chairman,"  which  was  received  with  great 
enthusiasm  and  musical  honours,  was  very  ably  proposed  by  Mr. 
Robertson,  of  the  Tilbury  Railway,  in  response  to  which  j\Ir.  Firth 
thanked  all  for  their  kindness,  expressed  his  gratitude  for  the  loyal 
support  he  had  received  from  the  staff  connected  with  his  depart- 
ment, and  stated  that  any  success  which  had  been  achieved  was  due 
to  one  and  all.  He  further  remarked  that  he  felt  that  the  work 
of  the  department  was  bei.ng  based  on  sound  principles,  and 
impressed  upon  the  younger  men  the  necessity  of  being  interested 
in  their  work  and  endeavouring  to  make  themselves  thoroughly 
proficient  in  their  various  spheres.  Mr.  D,  James  proposed  a  hearty 
vote  of  thanks  to  the  Committee.  This  was  seconded  by  Mr.  F.  A. 
Kaffrell  and  responded  to  by  Mr,  J.  W.  Ball,  hon.  sec. 

Fatalities, — Hebbuen. — A  mysterious  explosion  occurred 
at  Hebbum-on-Tyne  on  March  30th,  by  which  a  man  named  Collin- 
son,  and  a  woman  named  Gray,  were  killed,  being  blown  through 
the  ceiling  of  a  house.  The  explosion  was  generally  attributed  to 
gae,  but  the  evidence  given  at  the  resumed  inquiry  on  April  1 7th 
suggested  that  the  electric  light  service  might  be,  in  part  at  least, 


reBponnible.  The  Northern  Countieii  Electric  Supply  Co.  wm  re- 
prencnted  by  Mr.  Itiirton,  Newcantlo-on-Tyn*',  and  amongst  the 
experts  present  wfiro  I'rrif.  W.  .\|.  Thornton  Profrwuor  of  Elfictricity 
nt  ArmHtroiig  ('ollcgr  ;  Mr.  I-'.  ().  Hunt.  Aii«iMtant  Iz-olurer  in 
E'ectricity  at  Armhtronu'  College  ;  Prof,  .1,  A.  Srnythe,  Lecturer  in 
Chemistry  at  A rmwtrong 'ollege,  and  rcprcHcnlativeH  of  the  local 
gaB  companies.  Before  resuming  the  taking  of  evidence,  the  jury 
inspected  the  elei:trical  cable  that  bad  b«en  takc^n  from  the  litc  of 
the  explosion, 

.\nnie ''ollinson,  laughter  of  the  deceaHed  man,  said  that  about 
noon  on  the  morning  of  the  exploHion  she  noticd  a  blue  coloured 
smoke  coming  through  the  skirting  board  of  the  front  room.  Khe 
thought  the  smoke  Hmelt  like  rubber  burning.  She  told  her  father, 
who  pulled  the  skirting  board  up  and  sent  witneiw  for  water.  Tbr 
deceased  woman,  Mrs.  Gray,  her  grandmother,  then  entered  the 
room.  Her  father  sprinkled  water  on  the  place,  and  ju»t  a«  Bhe 
left  the  room  to  get  more  water  she  heard  an  explosion.  In  anKwer 
to  questions,  witneps  said  she  did  not  sec  any  flame.  There  wb«  a 
fire  in  the  kitchen,  but  not  in  the  front  room. 

John  Hately,  manager  of  the  f^llison  House  Hotel,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  Lyon  Street  to  that  in  which  Collinson's  houee 
was  situated,  said  he  was  in  the  hotel  cellar  about  the  time  the 
explosion  took  place,  when  the  electric  lights  gradntUy  went  out. 
and  he  afterwards  found  that  all  the  electric  lights  in  the  house 
were  out.  Shortly  after  the  lights  went  out  the  explosion  occurred 
The  electric  supply  was  drawn  from  the  main  which  ran  along  the . 
front  of  Collinson's  house. 

Constable  Robson  and  John  George  Bennett,  who  were  first  on 
the  scene  after  the  explosion,  said  that  immediately  inside  the 
doorstep  of  f'ollinson's  house  they  saw  a  flame,  which  was  more 
noticeable  near  the  window. 

Inspector  Riddel  1  also  spoke  to  the  flame;  it  was  a  'gassy  ' 
flame.  He  wns  of  opinion  the  explosion  was  caused  by  a  fused 
cable.  When  the  electric  cable  was  opened  he  detected  a  smell 
similar  to  that  which  he  found  in  the  house  after  the  explosion 
The  cable  was  covered  with  tiles,  but  he  thought  there  was  a  small 
breach . 

At  this  point  the  inijuiry  was  adjourned  for  a  week,  in  order 
that  an  expert  examination  might  be  made  of  the  electric  cable 
and  gas  mains. 

Co.\TBRir)GE. — The  (lla.i(inir  jjiiHij  fifrald  reports  that  Robert 
Hall,  51,  a  bellman  or  engine-keeper,  was  killed  while  employed  in 
Lochrin  Ironworks.  "He  was  engaged  trimming  an  electric  lamp 
in  the  smithy,  and  had  got  on  to  some  iron  bars  instead  of  a  wooden 
board  which  he  was  in  the  habit  of  standing  upon.  He  fell  among 
the  iron  bars  in  an  unconscious  state."  Artificial  respiration  was 
resorted  to,  but  without  effect 

Rochdale. — An  inquest  was  held  at  Radcliffe,  near  Manchester, 
on  Monday,  into  the  cause  of  the  death  of  a  joiner  named  Geo. 
Hampson,  who  was  killed  at  Mount  Zion  Bleach  Works,  near 
Rochdale.  Evidence  showed  that  the  works  were  burnt  out  a 
month  ago,  and  were  being  rebuilt.  A  fencing  was  necessary  to 
protect  the  workmen  using  the  scaffold  from  the  dangers  of  a 
10,000-volt  live  wire.  The  clerk  of  works  informed  the  Coroner 
that  he  had  specially  warned  the  deceased  of  the  danger  of  the 
wire,  telling  him  that  it  meant  instant  death.  The  evidence 
showed  that  the  deceased  must  have  got  over  the  fencing,  and 
beneath  the  wire,  and  in  a  moment  of  forgetfulness  had  allowed 
his  head  to  come  in  contact  with  it.  The  jury  returned  a  verdict 
of  "  Accidental  death.  ' 

Association  of   Electrical    Station    Enirineers,— A 

meeting  was  held  at  Manchester  on  April  1 7th,  3.")  gentlemen 
being  present.  The  proceedings  were  opened  by  th_f  chairman 
(Mr.  J,  W,  Lanham),  who  in  a  brief  statement  gave  an  outline  of 
the  work  already  done  by  the  branch,  and.  for  the  benefit  of  the 
new  members  present,  explained  the  general  aims  of  the  A.E,S.E. 
The  main  bueine.«s  of  the  evening  was  to  elect  the  permanent 
committee.  It  was  resolved  that  it  should  consist  of  12  members, 
at  least  one  being  appointed  from  each  district  represented,  three 
from  Manchester,  and  one  from  a  private  plant.  The  last-named 
representative  will  not  be  appointed  until  a  few  more  engineer.e 
from  private  plants  have  become  members  of  the  Association.  Mr. 
F,  Clarke  wns  appointed  assistant  secretary.  It  was  resolved  that 
the  next  general  meeting  should  take  the  form  of  a  social 
evening,  the  first  portion  being  allotted  to  a  paper  and  discussion 
on  the  general  status  of  the  profession  and  the  usefulness  of  an 
Association.  The  hon.  secretary.  :\lr.  J.  W.  Thomas.  B,Sc.  Tech,, 
will  read  the  paper.  The  date  of  next  meeting  will  be  duly 
announced,  aud  further  details  can  be  obtained  from  the  hon, 
secretary  ("Manchester  Branch)  A.E.S.E,,  15,  Lotherton  Street, 
Harpurhey,  Manchester. 

A  meeting  of  the  Bradford  Section  of  the  Association  was  held  on 
IHth  inst.,  for  the  purpose  of  completing  the  organisation  of  the 
Section  which  was  commenced  in  March.  The  chair  was  occupied 
by  Mr.  W  C.  Ekin,  senior  charge  engineer  at  the  Bradford  elec- 
tricity works  (chairman  of  the  Sectional,  and  there  was  a  good 
attendance.  It  was  reported  by  Mr.  Chas.  H.  Broadbent  (the  hon. 
secretary)  that  30  applications  for  membership  had  been  receivt^d. 
these  being  from  engineers  in  Bradford,  Dewsbury.  Colne,  Shipley, 
Rotherham.  Barnsley  and  Keighley,  and  that  other  applications 
were  pending.  It  is  proposed  as  soon  as  the  Section  has  been 
got  into  full  working  order,  to  arrange  for  social  events  in  the 
summer  months  and  lectures  for  next  winter.  After  the  replies 
from  London  with  regard  to  some  of  the  resolutions  passed  at  the 
previous  meeting  had  been  discussed,  the  question  of  a  delegate  to 
the  Conference  arose,  and  it  was  unanimously  agreed  that  Mr.C.H, 
Broadbent  should  represent  the  Bradford  Branch.  A  disouBsioa 
then  ensued  on  the  subject  of  increasing  the  membershipiof  the 


690 


THE    ELECTKICAL    KEVIEW.       [Voi.  72.  No.  i.sis.  apkil  25, 1913 


branch,  and  it  was  pointed  out  that  a  larpe  number  of  men  in  the 
Bradford  district  were  a  little  perturbed  with  regard  to  the  effect 
of  joiningr  the  Association  on  their  future  prospects  ;  but  it  was 
easily  shown  that  the  main  object  of  association  was  to  improve 
their  prospects  and  better  the  general  conditions.  M  r.  C.  H.  Broail- 
bent,  129,  Hartinpton  Terrace."  Lidget  Green,  Bradford,  is  the  hon. 
secretary  for  Bradford  and  district. 

British  Enifineers'  .4ssoclation. — A  meoting  of  this 

Association  was  to  be  held  at  the  Cutler's  Hall.  Sheffield,  yesterday 
afternoon  at  which  Mr.  Douglas  Vickers.  the  president,  was  to 
preside.  He  was  to  introduce  the  Association's  Commissioner  in 
China,  Captain  T.  C.  FitzHuph,  M.V.O. 

Re  Foster  Eo^ineering;  Co..  Ltd.— In  the  Companies 

Winding-Up  Court  on  Tuesday,  Mr.  R.  H.  Burman  petitioned  for 
the  compulsory  winding  up  of  this  company.  Counsel  said  that 
Mr.  .Tustice  Swinfen  Eady  had  allowed  the  matter  to  stand  over, 
with  a  view  to  the  parties  coming  to  an  arrangement,  and  counsel 
now  asked  leave  to  withdraw  the  petition  or  to  have  it  dismifsed, 
the  company  to  pay  the  costs.  The  petition  was  dismissed,  the 
company  paying  the  costs. 

InstitatioD  and  Lecture  JNotes. — Ixstitutiox  01 
Electrical  Ekgineeb.s  (Scottish  Loc.\l  Section)-  The 
annual  report  of  the  Committee  states  that  the  attendance  at  the 
general  meetings  remains  unsatisfactory,  the  average  att<'ndaDce 
being  Varely  14  per  cent,  of  the  membership.  Only  two  papers 
have  been  contributed  from  the  Section.  The  past  session  was 
made  memorable  in  the  annals  of  the  Section  by  the  visit  of  the 
Institution  to  Glasgow  daring  June  last  year.  The  membership  of 
all  grades  now  amounts  to  390,  an  increase  of  28.  Commencing  with 
.January,  1914,  the  .hmrmil  will  te  published  fortnightly  during 
the  session.  The  Council  has  in  view  a  scheme  for  the  better  co- 
ordination of  arrangements  for  selection  and  reading  of  papprs  in 
London  and  at  the  Local  Sections.  The  office-bearers  for  the 
session  191.S-14  will  be  as  follows  : — Chairman,  Mr.  J.  A.  Robertson  ; 
vice-chairmen,  Mr.  J.  Lowson  and  Mr.  T.  Blackwood  Murray  ;  past 
chairmen  {e-r-oifirin  members  of  Committee).  Mr.  Sam  Mavor,  Mr. 
F.  A.  Newington  and  5Ir.  W.  M'Whirter  :  chairman  of  Students' 
Section,  Mr.  A.  Page  ;  ordinary  members  of  Committee,  Messrs. 
U.  A.  Starr,  J.  K.  Stothert,  J.  F.  Nielson,  W.  L.  Spence,  M.  B.  Field, 
J.  H.  Bunting,  J.  S.  Nicholson,  E.  T.  Goslin  and  G.  Stevenson  ;  hon. 
secretary  and  treasurer.  Mr.  J.  E.  Sayers ;  assistant  hon.  secretary, 
Mr.  W.  F.  Mitchell.  Hon.  sec.  of  .Students'  Section,  Mr.  J.  \V. 
Mowat. 

(London). — It  is  announced  that  the  Institution  does  not  hold 
a  iiualifyihg  examination  for  admission  as  Student  ;  but  on  and 
after  .Tune  1st,  1913,  all  candidates  for  election  to  the  class  of 
Students  will  be  required  to  have  one  of  the  following  quali- 
fications : — 

1.  The  Matriculation  Examination  of  any  University  in  the 
British  Empire  ;  or  the  Responsions  Examination  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Oxford  ;  or  the  Previous  Examination  of  the  University 
of  Cambridge. 

2.  The  Studentship  Examination  of  the  Institution  of  Civil 
Engineers. 

3.  The  Sihool-leaving  Examination  for  the  Scottish  Education 
Department. 

4.  The  Naval  Cadet  Passing-out  Examination. 

5.  The  Entrance  Examinations  for  Woolwich  and  Sandhurst. 

B.  The  School  Examination  (for  School-leaving  Certificate) 
or  the  Senior  School  Examination  of  the  University  of  London. 

7.  The  Ojford  or  Cambridge  Local  Examination.  (A. Senior 
Certificate",  provided  it  covers  English  and  Elementary 
Mathematics.) 

8  The  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Higher  Certificate  (provided  it 
covers  English  and  Elementary  Mathematics). 

9.  The  Abiturienten  Examination  of  any  German  or  Austrian 
Secondary  School,  or  the  corresponding  examination  of  similar 
schools  in  other  countries. 

10.  The  Certificate  of  any  other  Educational  Authority  which 
may  be  recognised  by  the  Council  of  the  Institution,  as  equivalent 
for  the  purpose  of  admission  to  the  class  of  Students. 

(London  Students'  Section). — The  annual  general  meeting  of 
this  Section  has  been  postponed  from  April  30th  until  May  7th. 
There  are  five  extra-collegiate  vacancies  occurring  on  the  Students' 
Committee,  and  nominations  should  be  tent  to  the  hon.  secretary, 
Mr.  E.  T.  Driver,  24.  Bradgate  Road,  Catford,  S.E.,  at  the  earliest 
opportunity.  The  next  meeting  will  be  held  on  Wednesday,  May 
7th.  at  7.4.'^  p.m.,  when  Messr.a.  E.  A.  Richards  and  D.  Dunham  will 
read  a  paper  on  ''  Single-Phase  Commutator  .Motors." 

(BiBMiN(,HA.M  Section).— On  Wednesday  Dr.  Gisbert  Kapp  read 
a  paper  entitled  "On  Phase  Advancing,"  and  gave  a  demonstration 
of  his  machine.    The  same  paper  was  to  be  read  in  London  yesterday. 

(YOKKSHIKE  Section). — A  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  Sidney 
Simpson  on  "Prices  Charged  for  Electric  Power  "  at  Sheffield  on 
Wednesday,  and  a  diBcnssion  followed. 

As.sociATiON  OF  MiNiNi;  Electrical  Engineer^.— At  the 
monthly  meeting  of  the  West  of  Scotland  Branch,  held  on  Friday 
last  at  Glasgow,  discussion  wag  resumed  on  the  paper  read  by  Mr. 
.Tames  McCann,  Carronhall  Collieries,  on  "  Coal-Cutting  Machines  : 
their  Installation  and  Manipulation. '  Mr.  Sydney  F.  Walker 
suggested  that  a  motor-generator  should  be  fixed  in  any  convenient 
part  of  the  pit  to  furnish  current  at  100  volts  on  the  constant- 
current  system.  The  100-volt  service  would  eliminate  all  chances 
of  fatal  shock,  and  the  constant-current  system  obviated  the  neces- 
sity of  a  switch  on  the  motor  and  any  starting  or  regulating, 
resistance.  Everything  was  done  by  rocking  the  brothff.  and  this 
could  be  accomplished  by  gearing  worked  by  a  lever  or  -wheel  from 


outside  the  motor  case,  the  shaft  of  the  wheel  or  the  gearing 
passing  throngh  a  gas-tight  gland. 

The  Society  of  Engineers. — On  Monday,  May  5th,  at  the 
Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,  a  paper  on  ''Tidal  Waters  as  a 
Source  of  Power"'  will  be  read  by  Mr.  C.  A.  Battiscombe. 

CdNfUETE  Institutk.— Reports  of  the  Reinforced  Concrete 
Practice  Standing  Committee  on  "  Cracks  in  Concrete,"  and  "The 
Surface  Treatment  of  Concrete,"  were  read  at  the  meeting  on  April 
10th.  The  next  meeting  will  take  place  on  April  24th,  when  a 
report  of  the  Science  Standing  Committee,  entitled  "A  Standard 
Notation  for  Structural  Engineering  Calculations,"  will  be 
presented. 

For  Sale. — The  I'aisley  Corporation  has  for  disposal  one 
300- KW.  I'erranti  steam  alternator,  five  Ferranti  rectifiers,  and  about 
200  Wright's  M.D.  indicators.  See  our  advertisement  pages  in 
this  issue. 

Iniiuiry. — Makers  of  the  "  Snap  "  patent  lamp  lock  arc 
asked  foi. 

Appointments  Vacant. — Shift  engineer,  for  the  Stret- 
ford  U.D.C.  Electricity  Department  (£2).  Working  electrical 
engineer  and  fitter,  for  the  Axbridge  I'aion  (35s.  + ).  Chief  assistant 
electrical  engineer,  for  the  Watford  U.DC.  (£1.50).  Switchboard 
attendant,  for  the  Borough  Electricity  Works,  Lancaster  (25s.). 
See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issue. 

"The  Generators." — The  next  dinner  of  the  (ienerators 
will  be  held  at  the Trocadero,  to-night  (  Friday). 

Thirty    lears"   Celebration. — The  .\iistrian  Electro- 

technischer  Verein,  of  Vienna,  recently  held  a  special  meeting  to 
celebrate  the  completion  of  the  thirtieth  year  of  its  existence, 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

The.  Editvrt  invite  electrical  engineers,  whether  connected  with,  th« 
technical  or  the  commercial  inde  of  the  2"'"f^'"'^on  and  industry, 
also  electric  tramway  and  railway  officials,  to  keep  readers  of  the 
Electrical  Review  posted  as  to  their  m(nement$,\ 


Central  Station  t>flBcials. — A  pleasant  little  function 
took  place  at  the  Whitehall  Club  last  Tuesday,  when  a  number  of 
personal  friends  entertained  Mk.  H.  II.  CouziiNS  to  dinner.  Tha 
occasion  was  to  mark  the  impending  departure  of  Mr.  Couzens  to 
Canada,  where,  we  understand,  he  will  take  up  a  very  important 
position.  Mr.  .Tohn  F.  C.  Snell  acted  as  chairman.  Mr.  Blain, 
the  tramways  manager  at  West  Ham,  in  proposing  the  health  of 
the  guest,  referred  in  eloquent  terms  to  Mr.  Couzens's  ability  as  an 
engineer  and  to  his  great  capacity  for  friendship. 

Mr.  L.  C.  GiL.MORE,  of  the  Maidetone  Corporation  electricity 
staff,  has  resigned,  and  joined  the  electrical  department  of  Messrs. 
Drake  &  Fletcher,  engineers,  of  Maidstone,  who  are  extending  this 
branch  of  their  liusiness. 

Mk.  R.  Short,  for  several  years  second  engineer  in  the  employ 
of  the  I'almouth  Electric  Supply  Co.,  has  been  presented  by  the 
staff  with  a  pipe  and  case  and  tobacco  pouch  on  the  occasion  of  his 
departure  to  take  up  the  position  of  chief  engineer  to  North  Berwick 
Electric  Supply  Corporation. 

Mk.  L.  H.  King,  electrical  engineer  to  the  Whitby  U.D.t;.,  has 
resigned,  having  accepted  the  position  of  station  erection 
superintendent  with  the  Marconi  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.  He  com- 
mences his  new  duties  in  three  months'  time. 

Mr.  T.  a.  G.  Margaey,  mains  superintendent  of  the  Islington 
municipal  electricity  undertaking,  has  resigned  his  position. 

The  Leeds  Tramway  and  Electricity  Committee  has  decided 
to  recommend  the  appointment  of  Mk.  Charles  N.  Hefkord 
as  manager  of  the  electricity  department.  Mr.  Hefford  was 
formerly  assistant  engineer  in  the  department,  and  has  been  tem- 
porarily filling  the  position  of  manager  since  Mr.  Harold  Dickinson 
went  to  Liverpool.  The  Committee  recommends  that  his  commencing 
.salary  be  £600  a  year. 

Mu.  B.  W.  GoTHAED,  engineer  of  the  Minehead  Electric  Supply 
Co.,  Ltd.,  has  been  appointed  electrical  engineer  to  the  Aldershot 
Gas,  Water  and  District  Lighting  Co. 

In  order  to  show  their  appreciation  of  the  manner  in  which  their 
electric?!  engineer  has  carried  out  his  duties,  the  directors  of  the 
Stratford-on-Avon  Electricity  Supply  Co.  have  increased  the  salary 
of  Mr.  .Tdlian  G.  Thain  by  £30,  together  with  an  allowance  at 
the  new  rate  on  the  salary  he  has  received  since  he  wa,s  appointed. 
It  will  be  remembered  that  Mr.  Thain  was  appointed  in  September 
last  in  succession  to  Mr.  Falcke,  who  is  carrying  on  private  business 
at  Mansion  House  Chambers,  E.C. 

The  Taunton  T.C.  has  appointed  Mr.  G.  S.  McClaren  as  mains 
and  meter  superintendent. 

On  leaving  Ilfracombe  for  Grantham  (Urban  Electric  Supply 
(0.),  Mb.  W.  .T.  Copsey,  who  has  been  connected  with  the 
Ilfracombe  E.L.  Co.  for  several  years,  was  presented  by  the  engineer 
and  manager,  Mr.  H.  Stewart,  on  behalf  of  the  staff,  with  a  marble 
timepiece.  He  was  also  the  recipient  of  marks  of  esteem  from 
the  members  of  the  Ilfracombe  branch  of  the  C.E.M.S.  and  tha 
.Tunior  Imperial  League.  From  the  former  he  received  a  writing 
bureau,  a  badge  of  the  society  being  affixed,  and  from  the  latter 
a  silver  hot-water  jug. 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,84H,  April  a6,  lOI.S. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


001 


Mu.  \\  II. 1,1AM  Wvr.ii,  M.l.Mcch.K.,  M.l.H  !•;.,  tioroiiirh  clcctricul 
cii);ineor  ami  jrenernl  manatrer  <'l  tho  (.'orporution  Tramway*, 
Hirkonhiiad,  ban  beon  appointed  chiof  olcntrical  ontjiiicor  and  niunover 
tor  the  borouifh  of  HainpHfea<i.  A  native  of  HiHhop  Auckland,  .Mr. 
W'vld  was  odiicated  at  Univorhily  ColUyd,  Shcllield,  where  ho 
Btudied  nicohariiual  and  electrical  iniiineermj,'.  lie  served  hiH  time 
to  electrical  en^incerinK  at  Darlington,  and  his  tiret  appointment 
waB  aB  aBBiBtant  in  tho  Blackpool  elcctrioity  workn.  From  there 
he  went  as  chief  electrical  assiHtant  to  Salford.  Later,  ho  moved 
to  Wednettbury,  and  worked  for  the  Patent  Shaft  and  .Axletrcc  Co. 
He  dcHitfned  the  electrical  station  there,  and  also  fitted  up  tho 
machinery  for  providint;  power  and  liuht.  Me  was  afterwards 
appointed  electrical  engineer  at  Doncantcr,  where  he  superintended 
the  conatruction  of  the  tramways.  In  I'.Htl  Mr.  Wyld  went  to 
Birkenhead,  succcedinff  Mr.  Fearnley,  who  went  to  Sheffield.  On 
Mr.  Bate  leaving  Birkenhead  in  I'.'OT,  !\lr.  Wyld  was  appointed  to 
the  dual  position  of  electrical  engineer  and  tramway  manager,  and 
he  has  been  responsible  for  many  important  improvements  in  the 
Birkenhead  undertakings.  Flo  is  a  member  of  the  Liverpool 
Kngineering  Society,  and  was  last  year  on  tho  Council  of  the 
Tramways  and  Light  Railways  Association.  In  his  new  post,  Mr. 
Wyld  may  rest  assured  that  he  will  have  the  V)e8t  wishcH  of 
everybody. 

General. — At  a  raff  chantani,  held  last  Monday  at  the 
Chiswick  Town  Hall,  Mr.  A.  H.  Stanley  occupying  the  chair,  the 
staflf  of  the  London  United  Tramwayp,  Ltd.,  presented  Mr.  Z.  E. 
Knapp,  who  recently  retired  from  the  post  of  general  manager  to 
take  up  the  pobition  of  chief  engineer  of  the  Underground  Electric 
Railways  of  Loudon,  with  an  illuminated  address  and  a  gold  watch, 
and  Mrs.  Knapp  with  a  gold  chain  purse.  In  making  the  presenta- 
tion, Mr.  J.  B.  MacKinnon,  traffic  superintendent  of  the  L.U.T,, 
said  the  whole  staff  were  eager  to  testify  to  the  happy  relationship 
that  had  existed  since  Mr.  Knapp  took  office  in  l'.)10,  and  of  the 
senBe  of  justice,  and  the  sympathy  and  generosity  he  had  always 
displayed  in  matters  affecting  their  well-being,  and  particularly 
with  respect  to  the  improvement  in  their  conditions  of  employment. 
Mr.  Knapp,  in  response,  said  the  one  change  during  his  short  period 
of  office  that  gave  him  the  greatest  satisfaction  was  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  so-called  "educational"  system.  The  old  method  of 
disciplining  men  by  suspension  did  not  work  well.  Under  the  new 
method  of  merit  and  demerit  marks  a  man  was  disciplined  without 
the  consequences  reacting  upon  those  who  were  dependent  upon 
him.  He  had  to  thank  the  directors  and  the  staff  for  all  the  con- 
sideration extended  to  him,  and  neither  he  nor  his  wife  would  ever 
forget  their  kindness,  which  had  found  a  lasting  (xpression  in  the 
handsome  presentations  that  evening. 

Congratulations  to  the  Manchester  Association  of  Students  (in 
connection  with  the  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers)  on  the  choice 
of  its  new  president — Mk.  S.  L.  Peaece,  city  electrical  engineer  of 
that  city. 

The  British  Australasian  says  that  Me.  G.  T.  Milne,  who  takes 
the  place  of  Mr.  Hamilton  Wickes  as  H.M.  Trade  Commissioner  in 
Australia,  has  arrived  in  Fremantle. 

Obituary. — Mr.  Dacre  Heljie. — We  deeply  regret  to 
record  the  death,  which  occurred  last  Friday,  following  upon  pneu- 
monia, of  Mr.  Dacre  Helme,  borough  tramways  manager  and  elec- 
trical engineer  at  Nelson.  Mr.  Helme  went  to  Nelson  in  1904, 
having  previously  been  associated  with  Messrs.  Vickers,  Maxim  and 
Co.,  Barrow,  and  entered  the  service  of  the  Corporation  as  a 
mechanical  fitter  and  electrical  engineer.  When  Mr.  Henry  was  pro- 
moted, Mr.  Helme  was  made  chief  assistant  engineer,  and  on  the 
tragic  death  of  Mr.  Henry  in  1906,  he  was  chosen  chief  electrical 
engineer  and  tramways  manager.  When  Mr.  Helme  took  over  the 
concern,  it  was  in  a  poor  way  financially,  but,  as  a  result  of  close 
study  of  the  needs  of  the  town  and  zealous  efforts  to  cater  for  them, 
he  had  the  satisfaction  12  months  ago  of  announcing  that  the  two 
departments  had  actually  made  a  profit.  Mr.  Helme,  who  is 
described  as  a  painstaking  official,  was  a  native  of  Hereford,  and 
only  39.  He  leaves  a  widow  and  one  son.  The  funeral  took  place 
at  Little  Marsden  on  Tuesday,  and  was  attended  by  a  large  gather- 
ing, including  the  Mayor,  Corporation  officials  and  members  of  the 
Town  Council. 

Mr.  John  Sa.xby. — We  regret  to  learn  from  yesterday's  news- 
papers that  Mr.  John  Saxby,  whose  name  has  for  many  years  been 
well  known  by  reason  of  his  inventions  in  connection  with  the 
interlocking  of  railway  points  and  signals,  passed  away  on  Wednes- 
day, at  Hassocks,  near  Hayward's  Heath.  His  firm,  Messrs.  Saxby 
and  Farmer,  Ltd.,  of  Westminster,  which  has  all  along  specialised 
chiefly  in  railway  signalling  inventions  and  work,  is  one  of  the 
oldest  associated  with  British  electrical  industry.  He  was  in  his 
92nd  year. 

Mr.  R.  Coates. — The  Western  Mail  reports  a  fatal  accident 
having  occurred  on  Saturday  at  Ystradgynlais,  to  Mr.  R.  Coates, 
manager  of  the  electric  light  works  of  the  Glantawe  Electric 
Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  "  Xo  one  witnessed  the  accident,  but  his  body  was 
discovered  in  the  engine-house  about  8.15  p.m.  terribly  mutilated, 
after  having  been  whirled  round  by  a  fly-wheel.  The  unfortunate 
man's  head  was  jammed  in  the  machinery.  Mr.  Coates  was  ,S8  years 
of  age.  and  he  leaves  a  widow  and  four  children." 

An  inquest  was  held  on  Tuesday.  It  was  stated  that  deceased  was 
at  the  -works  when  he  asked  a  man  named  George  Harris  to  attend 
to  the  boilers.  Harris  proceeded  to  do  so,  and  on  returning  found 
the  manager's  dead  body  near  the  fly-wheel  badly  mutilated  and 
lying  across  the  column.  It  was  supposed  that  the  deceased's 
clothing  caught  in  the  machinery,  and  that  he  was  whirled  to 
death.  Dr.  Walsh  said  that  the  body  was  badly  injured,  and  before 
it  could  be  extricated  from  the  machinery  it  was  found  necessary 
to  sever  one  of  the  hands.     A  verdict  of  "  Accidental  Death  "  was 


returniMi,  and  tho  <  uroncr  Httid  \\i:  hiul  wrilleu  Ui  tin-  <;<wiji<any 
Hugu'txting  tl  at  there  nhould  \n:  more  protection  of  the  mkchinery. 

Mit.  T.  A.  'I'is.sKM,\N.— The  death  occurred  at  Warmin»t<!r 
(Wilts.),  on  April  11th,  of  Mr.  ThoH.  AlfonnuM  TixMjman,  who,  aftei 
Horving  his  artlclt-H  with  MeiwrH.  Crompton  .V  Co.,  of  Ch«;lm»ford, 
received  tho  appointment  of  electrical  cnKineer  to  MeMm.  C.  A. 
Vandervell  A.  (.'o.,  of  Acton  Vule.  DeceaMd,  who  had  been  ill  for 
some  time,  waH  only  2.")  years  of  age. 

J.  R.  Ha/ki.dkan.— Tho  death  has  occurred  of  Mr.  John  Kotert* 
lla/.eldean,  Tor  Terrace,  Newquay,  electrical  engineer,  at  the  a(;e 
of  67.     .Mr.  Ha/.eldcan  expired  shortly  afU'r  retiring  to  rc«t. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


(J.  St.  John  Day  (Patents),  Ltd.   (l2H.i-,o.-ThiH  company 

was  regiBtored  on  April  4lh,  with  a  capital  of  £10,0<X)  in  £1  aharcn  to  lake  over 
from  G.  St.  John  Day,  of  Mumps  Electrical  Work«,  Olrllmin,  Ihu  berit-nt  of  two 
patentB  relating  (1)  to  eltctrital  coupling  dovicoB,  and  CJ)  to  improvementa  In 
the  conjunction  ol  cordn  or  wires  with  electrical  apparatUD,  and  of  two  other 
inventions  known  as  the  "One-part  Lampholder  "  and  the  "MumpH  Lamp- 
holclcr."  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are :— O.  Bt.  John  Day, 
:103,  Park  Road,  Oldham,  electrical  engineer  and  contractor;  J.  Orme,  91, 
Queen's  Road,  Oldham,  engineer;  W.  Cliadwiok,  Haslemere,  ay,  gueen't 
Road,  Oldham,  solicitor.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  U  not 
to  bo  less  than  two  or  more  than  four  ;  the  first  are  G.  Ht.  John  Day,  J.  Orme 
and  W.  Chadwick,  each  of  whom  may  retain  oflice  while  holding  nOO  shares. 
Registered  office,  Mumps  Electrical  Works,  Albert  Street,  Oldham. 

Premier  Electric  and  Hiirdivare  Co.,  Ltd.  ( 1 28,030).- -Thi« 

company  was  registered  on  March  29th,  with  a  capital  of  £3,000  in  £1  share' 
to  carry  on  the  business  of  electricians,  electrical  engineers,  generators  and 
storeis  of  electricity  for  motive  power,  light  and  heat,  hardware  merchants, 
&c.,  and  to  acquire  the  butiness  carried  on  at  9  II,  Cheapside,  Holder's  Green, 
as  the  Premier  Electric  and  Hardware  Co,  The  subscribers  (with  one  «hare 
each)  are  :— G.  Coben,  910,  Cheap^-ide,  Qolder'a  Green,  N.W.,  electrician  ;  J. 
MacConnell,  Old  Serjeants"  Inn  Charabers,  W.C,  auditor.  Prlv,.te  company. 
The  first  directors  are  not  named.  G.  Cohen  is  first  secretary.  Registered  by 
J.  MacConnell,  Old  Serjeants'  Inn  Chambers,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

Electric  Cookers,  Ltd.  (12S.070).— This  company  was  regis- 
tered on  April  Ist,  with  a  capital  of  £6,000  in  ^1  shares  (3.000  preference)  to 
take  over  certain  Inventions  relating  to  eUctrio  cookers,  &c.,  and  to  adopt  an 
agreement  with  H.  T.  Harrison.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are: — 
C.  A  Battiscornbe,  12u.  Victoria  Street,  B.W.,  civil  engineer  ;  H,  T.  Harrison, 
11,  Victoria  Btreet,  8,W.,  electrical  engineer.  Private  company.  The  number  of 
directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  five ;  the  first  are  C.  A. 
Battiscombo  (managing  director)  and  H.  T.  Hariison.  Registered  by  Jones, 
Son  &  Andrews,  54,  New  Broad  Street,  E.G. 

Reversible    Turbines,    Ltd.    (1 28,1  li").— This    company  wa-s 

registered  on  April  4th,  with  a  capital  of  £1,912  lOs.  in  1,750  "A"  shares  of 
£1  each,  and  3,250  "  B  "  nhares  of  Is.  each,  to  acquire  from  W.  G.  Walker  his 
invention  for  a  reversible  turbine  engi*,  and  benefit  of  patents  or  other  pro- 
tection in  respect  thereof.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  ;— H.  W. 
McBean,  172,  Wilbury  Road,  Letchworth, Herts.,  secretary;  W.  .i^^. Stephenson, 
Loch  Inch,  Streatham  Park,  8.W.,  secretary;  A.  E.  Whittock,  10,  Herder 
Road,  Fulham,  S.W.,  clerk.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is 
not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  five  ;  the  subscribers  are  to  appoint  the 
first.    Registered  by  M.  L.  Knight,  Bromley,  Kent. 

Castleconier   Tramway    Co.,    Ltd.    (H.9ii3).— This   company 

was  registered  in  Dublin  on  April  3rd,  with  a  capital  of  £40.000  in  £1  shares, 
to  promote,  construct,  equip  and  work,  by  steam,  electric  or  other  power,  a 
tramway  or  light  railway  in  Castlecomer,  Co.  Kilkenny.  The  subscribers  (with 
one  share  each)  are  ;— R.  H.  Prior-Wandesforde,  D.L.,  Castleccmer  House, 
Castlecomer;  J.  H.  Marr,  "Coobawn, "Castlecomer,  mining  engineer.  Private 
company.  The  first  directors,  to  number  not  less  than  two  or  more  than  five, 
are  R.  H.  Prior-Wandesforde.  R.  B.  Gahan  and  J.  H.  Marr  ;  qualification,  £10 ; 
remuneration  as  fixed  by  the  company.  Registered  tfflce,  Castleccmer,  Co. 
Kilkenny. 

W.  Leonard  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (128.187).— This  company  was 
registered  on  April  5th,  with  a  capital  of  £500  in  £1  shares,  to  take  over  the 
business  of  an  electrical  engineer  carried  on  by  W.  Leonard  Prangnell,  at  4, 
Sobo  Street,  W.,  as  "  W.  Leonard  &  Co."  The  subscribers  (with  one  share 
each)  are  :—W.  L.  Prangnell,  4,  8oho  Btreet,  W.,  electrical  engineer  ;  A.  E. 
Rule,  4,  Soho  Street,  Oxford  Street,  W.,  accountant.  Private  company.  The 
number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  five ;  the  first  are 
W.  L.  Prangnell  and  A.  E.  Rule,  secretary.  Registered  office,  4,  Soho  Street, 
Oxford  Street,  W. 

National  Engineering   Co.,   Ltd.   (128,180).— This   comnany 

was  registered  on  April  5th,  wiili  a  capital  of  £25,000  in  12,000  preference  shares 
of  £1  each,  and  26,000  ordinary  shares  of  10s.  each,  to  acquire  from  Otto  Viola 
the  business  known  as  the  National  Engineering  Co.,  for  iI9,0CO  (£6,!i00  in 
preference  shares  and  £12,500  in  ordinary  shares),  and  to  carry  on  the  business 
of  general  and  electrical  engineers,  Ac.  The  subscribers  iwitli  one  share 
each)  are  —A.  Winder,  43,  Addison  Way,  Hendoii,  N.W.,  engineer  ;  E.  Brown, 
13,  Alperton  Street,  Paddington,  W.,  engineer;  \V.  Jebbitt,  80,  Manor  Street, 
Clapham,  S.W.,  eKgineer ;  J.  White,  46,  Wharton  Street,  King's  Cross  Road. 
W.C,  engineer;  S.  Gozzett,  3,  Harlington  Road,  Grove  Park.  Chiswick,  W., 
engineer  ;  D.  Murphy,  139,  Stanhope  Street,  N.W.,  engineer;  W.  Nichols,  5U, 
High  Road,  Chiswick.  W.,  engineer.  Registered  without  articles  of  association. 
Registered  office,  30-32,  Seaton  Street,  Euston  Road,  N.W. 

Zephyr  Ventilating^  Co.,  Ltd.  Cl28.si9).— This  company  was 

registered  on  April  I2th,  with  a  capital  of  £7,500  in  £1  shares,  to  take  over  the 
business  of  a  ventilating  and  general  engineer,  carried  on  by  H.  C.  H.  Tarr 
at  Zion  Road,  Lawrence  Hill,  Bristol,  as  the  "Zephyr  Ventilating  Co.,"  to 
acquire  from  J.  8.  Armstrong  and  H.  C.  H.  Tarr  a  certain  patent,  to  carry  on 
bu-iiness  of  manufacturers  of  wires,  cables  end  electrical  appliances,  eleftiic 
and  general  engineers,  &c.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  —J. 
Liddell,  46,  Queen  Square,  Bristol,  manufacturers'  agent;  J,  Armsuong,  9, 
Elmgrove  Road,  Bristol,  sugar  merchant.  Private  company.  The  number  ot 
directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  six,  the  first  are  H.  C.  H. 
Tarr  and  J.  Liddell ;  solicitor,  J.  McTurk,  31a,  Corn  Street,  Bristol.  Regis- 
tered by  Jordan  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  116-117,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

"Cea?"   Electric  Safety  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.  (128,191).— This 

company  was  registered  on  April  7tb,  with  a  capital  oi  £10,000  in  £1  shares 
(2,5u0  7J  per  cent,  cum.  preference),  to  carry  on  the  business  of  manufacturers, 
importers,  and  exporters  of  and  dealers  in  electric  lamps  and  all  kinds  of 
electric  or  mechanical  accessories,  tools,  implements  and  articles,  ic.  The 
subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  -C,  E.  von  Bernard,  62,  Qaeensborongh 
Terrace,  W.,  gentleman;  W,  Strecker,  23,  St.  John's  Wood  Park.  X.W'., 
music  publisher;  M.  J.  Stoeck,  19.  6t  Dnnstan's  Hill.  E.C..  merchant .  T.  H. 
Engelmann,  19,  St.  Duostau's  Hill,  E.C.,  merchant.  Private  company. 
The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  five;  the  first- 
are  C.  E.  von  Bernard,  W.  Strecker  (chairman',  M.  J.  8«oeck  and  T.  H. 
Engelmaac :  remuneration  of  chairman  £50  per  annum.  Registered  by 
Cruesemann  &  Rouse,  85,  Gracecburch  Street,  E.C. 


692 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.72.  No.  i.ns,  apbil  25,  1913. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Lancashirr  Power  Cnnstructiou  Co.,  Lid, 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ending  December  3lBt,  1912, 
states  that  the  contract  for  a  3.500-KW.  grenerating  fct  for 
the  Lancashire  Electric  Power  Co.  has  recently  been  com- 
pleted, and  the  set  is  now  doinp  regular  work.  The  load  of  the 
Parliamentary  Co.  is,  however,  continuing  to  increase  at  such  a 
rapid  rate  that  still  further  plant  is  recjuired  ;  an  order  has,  there- 
fore, been  placed  with  this  company  tor  a  preneratinf;  set  with  a 
normal  full-load  capacity  of  1,376  KW  ,  and  this  set  is  due  for 
delivery  in  September  next.  In  order  to  provide  the  necessary 
capital  for  this  plant,  and  also  for  variou.s  extensionR  of  the  mainp, 
it  is  proposed  to  make  an  issue  of  £100.000  of  n  per  cent,  prior  lien 
bonds,  makinp;  with  the  Jt.'iO.OOO  issued  in  June,  1011,  a  total  issue 
of  £150.000. 

The  trading  profit  of  the  Lancashire  Electric  Power  Co.  for  the 
year  1912  h«.><  aniountetl  to  f  H.iJW.  This  figure  would  have  been 
considerably  larger  but  for  loss  ol  revenue  and  increased  cxpcndi 
ture  a.-  a  result  of  the  coal  strike.  The  company's  supply  was  kept 
intact  throughout  the  period  of  the  strike,  but  the  loss  in  output 
was  very  considerable,  and  it  is  estimated  that  the  protits  were 
adversely  affected  to  the  extent  of  £1,3K().  There  was  also  a  strike 
in  a  branch  of  the  textile  trade  in  the  early  part  of  the  year,  which 
also  made  itself  felt  on  the  output  of  the  company.  To  the  trading 
profit  has  to  be  added  i?,")?,  being  interest  on  the  hire-purchase 
instalments,  \'C.,  making  a  total  of  £1.'>.:571  ;  out  of  this  debenture 
interest  requires  £l,.">00,  debit  balance  written  off  .€7,737,  and  there 
is  to  be  carried  forward  £3,137.  The  debit  balance  which  appeared 
in  the  19'i9  balance.sheet  of  the  company  as  £17,l!i4  has  now  been 
eliminated.  Xotwithstanding  the  troubles  referred  to  above,  the 
company's  business  has  continued  to  develop  in  a  most  satisfactory 
manner,  as  the  following  figures  indicate  : — 

1908.  1909.  1910.  H)U.  1912. 

Units  generated  . .        ..     7,181,793  9,251,831  13  B46,ao7  17,771,936  23,110,807 

Max.  load  in  KW 2,890  3,820  4,0^0  .5,590  «,73n 

H.p.  connected                             5,960  7,710  10,600  13,600  16,40G 

Receipts X10,066  i:ie,294  i24.9,''.2  £32,726  iE42,773 

Expenditure                               £14,421  il5,164  £18,467  £22,031  £28,156 

Trading  result                ..          Al,a65  £i:iO  £6,185  £10,695  £64,617 

Loss.  Profit.  Pioflt.  Profit.  Profit. 

The  receipts  from  the  low-tension  general  supply,  which  the 
company  is  operating  in  certain  districts,  continue  to  grow  rapidly, 
and  two  more  districts  will  be  developed  during  the  present  year. 
The  new  contracts  arranged  for  and  which  will  come  into  operation 
this  year  are  some  of  them  of  a  most  important  description. 
Amongst  others  may  be  mentioned,  as  being  of  a  public  character, 
the  agreements  to  supply  electricity  in  bulk  to  the  Corporation  of 
Ralford  and  to  the  urban  district  oi'  Hindley,  and  the  contract  for 
the  Lancashire  and  Yorkshire  Railway  electrification  between  Bury 
and  Holcombe  Brook.  In  the  weaving  trade  the  system  of  driving 
each  loom  by  a  separate  motor  (a  system  in  which  the  company 
were  pioneers)  continues  to  make  rajiid  progress,  and  two  new  mill.'* 
at  present  in  course  of  erection  in  the  company's  area,  and  which 
are  to  be  supplied  with  electrical  energy  from  the  company's  mainp, 
are  both  being  equipped  in  this  manner. 

The  prospects  for  the  current  year  are  excellent,  provided  that 
110  labour  troubles  occur  to  dislocate  trade.  The  amount  of  wojk 
in  hand  at  the  commencement  of  the  year,  exclusive  of  the  Salfo>^d 
contract,  which  had  not  then  been  entered  into,  and  which  is  not 
likely  to  become  effective  before  the  autumn,  was  considerably  in 
excess  of  the  amount  of  work  in  hand  at  the  commencement  of 
1!U2.  It  is  true  that  the  price  of  coal  has  risen  some  20  per  cent., 
but,  owing  to  the  provision  of  a  coal  clause  in  the  company's  agree- 
ments, this  will  not  affect  the  company's  profits  to  any  serious 
extent.  A  marked  improvement  in  the  company's  position  as  a 
result  of  the  year's  trading  is,  therefore,  confidently  anticipated, 


Dk.  II.  F.  Parshali^,  chairman,  presided  on  April  17th  at  iSalis- 
hury  House,  E.C..  over  the  annual  meeting,  and  in  moving  the 
adoption  of  the  above  report,  he  said  that  the  balance-sheet,  whilst 
fatisfaclory,  might  not  show  the  progress  of  the  business  during  the 
year,  because  that  company  was  a  holding  company,  and  it  was  the 
progress  of  the  Parliamentary  Co.,  viz.,  the  Lancashire  Electric 
Power  Co.,  which  was  of  most  interest.  The  connections  of  the 
Parliamentary  Co.  during  1912  totalled  2.102  kw.,  as  against 
2,107  KW.  connected  during  1911.  and  the  work  in  hand,  but  not 
connected  at  the  end  of  the  year  totalled  2,401  kw.,  as  compared 
with  1,922  KW.  at  the  end  of  1911.  Since  the  commencement  of 
the  year,  the  Salford  contract  had  been  arranged,  and  it  was  antici- 
pated that  the  effect  on  this  year's  load  would  be  to  add  1,000  KW. 
or  l-.'iO*'  KW.  to  the  normal  growth.  The  price  had  been  very  care- 
fully worked  out,  and  would  bring  a  very  substantial  profit  to  the 
Lancashire  Co.,  whilst  it  appeared  to  be  an  eminently  satisfactory 
contract  to  the  Salford  Corporation.  The  units  sold  increased  from 
14,081,000  in  1911,  to  is,^1.5,000  in  1912,  which  was  the  greatest 
increase  for  one  year  that  the  company  had  ever  experienced.  The 
percentege  increase  was  33'6.  During  the  same  period  the  revenue 
increase  from  £32,150  to  £42,776.  while  the  trading  profit  increased 
from  £10,69.5  to  £H.fil7.  The  latter  figure  would  have  been  con- 
siderably higher  but  for  the  coal  strike,  which  lasted  for  six  weeks, 
and  which  it  was  estimated  affected  the  profits  of  the  company  to 
the  extent  of  £1,380.  All  their  contracts  contained  a  clause  to 
protect  them  against  a  general  increase  in  the  price  of  coal,  but 
of  course  during  the  transition  period  they  did  not  get  the  advan- 
tage of  the  clause.  A  further  unsatisfactory  feature  was  the 
breakdown  of  one  of  the  generating  machines,  but  the  cost  of 
repairing  this  had  been  borne  out  of  the  revenue  account.  There 
was  also  a  strike   in   the  weaving  trade,  which  also,,  to   a   small 


extent,  adversely  affected  the  returns.  The  units  sold  from  the 
low-tension  system  increased  from  202.731  to  318,839,  or  rather 
over  ."lO  per  cent.  The  capital  expenditure  had  been  considerable 
owing  to  the  power  station  extension,  the  total  expenditure  for 
the  year  being  i:()3,.«44,  of  which  approximately  £45,500  was 
spent  on  buildings  and  plant  at  the  power  station  ;  £3,795  on 
sub-station  equipment ;  £S,9.'^.t  on  high-tension  mains  ;  and  £6,500 
on  provisional  orders.  He  did  not  see  why  the  result  during  the 
present  year  should  not  be  as  good,  as  the  amount  of  work  in  hand 
was  greater  than  they  had  ii  year  ago,  whilst  last  year  also  they 
had  no  such  important  business  as  the  Salford  contract  to  look 
forward  to. 

Mr.  F.  E.  Grhtkh  seconded  the  motion. 

Ml(.  Ckossway  anked  whether  it  was  possible  to  have  a  profit  and 
loss  account  of  the  Parliamentary  Co. 

The  Chairman  explained  that  they  were  the  holding  company, 
and  found  the  money  for  the  construction  work  of  the  Parlia- 
mentary Co.,  and  the  latter  company  ipsued  securities  to  the 
holding  companv  for  the  work  done  by  them.  This  was  the 
turning  point  of  the  company,  because  the  Parliamentary  Co.  now 
being  solvent,  they  would  be  free  to  pay  dividends. 

The  report  was  adopted. 

The  Chairman  said  the  Parliamentary  Co.  hud  several 
important  supply  contracts  with  people  like  the  Lancashire  and 
Yorkshire  Railway  Co.,  which  might  increase  very  rapidly,  and  so 
in  order  to  be  prepared  they  proposed  to  issue  the  balance  of  the 
prior  lien  bonds,  £.",0,000  had  already  been  issued,  and  there  were 
£100,000  unissued.  He  had  received  an  offer  to  take  up  the  bonds, 
and  most  of  the  present  holders  of  i)rior  lien  bonds  whose  consent 
was  necessary  to  the  new  issue!  and  to  the  terms,  thought  the 
proposed  arrangement  would  be  a  fair  one,  because  the  additional 
money  would  enable  the  company  to  earn  a  very  substantial  profit. 
He  mentioned  the  matter,  but  it  would  have  to  be  brought  before 
ii  special  meeting  to  be  called. 

Answering  Mr.  Ckossway,  the  Chairman  said  that  any  share- 
holder could  have  the  bonds  on  the  same  terms  as  the  group  who 
were  jirepared  to  take  them  up. 

The  retiring  directors  and  auditors  were  rc-elcelcd. 


Re  Durham  Collieries  Electric  Power  Co,,  Ltd. 

SlTTlNc  for  the  disposal  of  coinpanys  business,  Mr.  .Justice  Neville, 
on  Tuesday,  April  22nd,  heard  a  petition  by  the  Durham  Collieries 
Electric  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  a  summons  in  the  debenture-holders' 
action  of  Poole  '■.  The  Company,  by  which  the  Court  was  asked  to 
t-anction  a  conditional  agreement  for  sale  of  the  company's  assets 
to  the  Newcastle  Electric  Supply  Co'.,  Ltd.,  and  the  distribution  of 
the  purchase  price  amongst  the  debenture-holders  of  the  Durham 
Co.  Mr.  H.  B.  Wright,  who  appeared  in  support  of  the  applica- 
tion, said  that  the  tale  the  Court  was  asked  to  sanction,  was  of  the 
whole  of  the  Durham  Co.'s  property  and  undertaking  for  10,000 
fully-paid  shares  of  £5  each,  and  the  scheme  was  for  the  distribu- 
tion of  those  shares  upon  a  certain  basis  amongst  the  holders  of  the 
debentures  in  the  Durham  Co.  The  Durham  Co.  had  issued  both  deben- 
tures and  prior  lien  bonds,  and  the  Newcastle  Co.  held  a  large  proper 
tion  of  both,  but,  with  regard  to  the  prior  lien  bonds,  the  Court 
would  not  be  troubled,  as  in  so  far  as  they  were  not  held  by  the  New- 
(^astle  Co.,  it  was  part  of  the  agreement  that  that  company  should 
pay  them  off.  Some  £8,500  were  held  as  collateral  security  for  a  debt 
of  £3,500,  but  the  whole  of  that  was  to  be  satisfied  as  part  of  the 
arrangement.  The  trustee  for  the  debenture-holders  made  some 
claim  for  remuneration,  and  although  that  was  not  provided  for  by 
the  agreement,  he  had  a  letter  from  the  Newcastle  Co.  that  they 
would  pay  what  was  demanded.  The  total  debenture  issue  was 
£193,28f»,  a  large  part  of  which  were  held  by  the  Newcastle  Co.  and 
surrendered  as  part  of  the  purcha.se  consideration.  In  1912,  the 
Durham  Co.  went  into  voluntary  liquidation,  a  receiver  was 
appointed  in  the  debenture-holders' action  judgment  pronounced,  and 
a  certificate  obtained.  The  agreement  for  sale  was  conditional  on  the 
sanction  of  the  Court  being  obtained,  and,  on  its  being  completed, 
the  Court  was  asked  to  sanction  a  distribution  of  the  10,000  ordinary 
shares  amongst  the  existing  debenture-holders  in  the  Durham  Co. 
/inri  pafnii.  To  avoid  having  fractional  certificates  where  the 
amount  of  debentures  held  would  not  permit  of  an  even  allotment, 
the  trustees  were  to  have  power  to  sell  and  distribute  in  cash.  The 
proposal  was  approved  at  the  meeting  by  a  large  majority  of 
debenture-holders  the  amount  of  £141,510  voting  In  favour 
and  only  one  (the  holder)  for  £200  voting  against,  Mr.  Spens  on 
iichalf  of  the  holder  of  debentures  to  the  amount  of  £1,370  now 
opposed  the  application.  He  was  not  prei>ared  then,  he  said,  with 
evidence,  but  asked  for  an  adjournment,  so  that  he  might  ai-k  that 
the  Durham  Co.  might  be  wound  up  compulsorily.  The  ground 
was  that  for  years  this  company  had  been  worked  by  the  Newcastle 
Co.  for  their  own  benefit. 

His  Lordship  said  that  the  opposition  on  that  ground  came  too 
late,  and  sanctioned  the  sale  and  distribution  at  purchase  price,  as 
proposed,  subject  to  the  debts  to  be  discharged  by  the  Newcastle  Co. 
being  specified  in  the  order. 


West  India  and   Panama  Telegraph  Co..  Ltd.— A 

dividend  of  Is.  per  share  on  the  ordinary  shares  is  announced. 

Cuba  Submarine  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd.— Dividend  on 

ordinary  shares  for  the  half-year  ended  December,  1912,  at  the  rate 
of  6  per  cent,  per  annum. 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,8I>S,  Antii 


THI<:    J'lLKCTUlCAL    REVIEW. 


093 


Korth  Mettoiiolitaii  Klci'tric  I'uwer  JSupply  Co, 

Thk  dircotorB'  report  stfttoHllKit,  for  thi)  ynar  eiideii  December  iJlBt, 
1912,  the  revenue  amounted  to  K\i'2,i\i'i2,  an  incrfiiHe  of  £10,087 
over  191 1,  and  the  expenditure  wqh  i;71,()2H,  beinjf  Jt  10,918  in  exccHi* 
of  the  previous  year,  of  which  £,7,\H.\  in  due  to  the  incrcaned 
ontput,  referred  to  below,  and  the  balance  to  the  hiifher  price 
of  coal.  The  balance  at  the  credit  of  the  account  Ih  £71,HI)1.  Thin, 
to(fether  with  interest  and  dividcndH  receivable  a  nil  the  amount 
brou(fht  forwaril,  nuikcH  n  total  of  £S0,7r:i.  After  providinif  for 
nuirtKiitje,  loan  and  debenture  intercHt,  tranBferriiijf  £2,000  to  the 
reserve  fund,  and  placinjr  £20,000  to  depreciation  account,  the 
direotorH  propoHC  to  pay  the  dividend  on  the  (i  per  cent,  cumulative 
preference  stock  and  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  (i  percent,  jior  annum, 
tORethor  with  a  bonuH  at  the  rate  of  8b,  per  fully  paid  share,  on  the 
ordinary  shares,  lenvintf  £1,820  to  be  carried  forward.  The  capital 
expenditure  durinfj  the  year  amounted  to  £50,070,  niakinfj  the  total 
£()(>6,018.  In  .Tune,  1912,  a  further  issue  of  (1  per  cent,  cumulative 
preference  stock  was  offered  to  the  ordinary  share  and  preference 
Btookholders  and  taken  up.  The  third  inHtalment  of  £25  per  cent, 
was  called  up  in  February,  I9IS,  and  the  final  instalment  is  payable 
this  month.  The  directors  propose  at  an  early  date  to  make  a 
further  issue  of  5  per  cent,  mortgage  debentures.  The  total  number 
of  units  sold  was  29,2S1,099,  an  increase  of  2,7711,607  units,  or  lO'.'i 
per  cent.  The  supply  of  electricity  was  maintained  without 
eeBsation  throughout  the  period  of  the  coal  miners'  strike,  although 
some  weeks  after  the  commencement  of  the  strike,  the  company 
thought  it  desirable  to  urge  economy  in  the  use  of  the  supply  for 
•traction  purposes,  and  by  authorised  distributors  and  the  larger 
power  users.  The  output  and  revenue  were,  in  consei|uence, 
adversely  affected,  and'  the  costs  for  the  year  show  an  increase 
owingto  the  higher  price  of  coal.  The  building  and  plant  exten- 
sions in  connection  with  the  Brimsdown  power  station  are  nearly 
completed,  whilst  the  Willesden  power  station  extensions  are  still 
proceeding.  Considerable  extensions  of  the  Hertford  power  station 
will  be  made  at  an  early  date  in  order  to  meet  the  demand  for  elec- 
tricity for  power  purposes  in  that  district.  A  supply  of  electricity 
has  been  commenced  in  the  district  of  Hadley,  and  during  the 
present  year  arrangements  will  be  made  to  extend  the  supply  to 
Bast  Barnet.  The  total  connections  to  the  mains  of  the  North 
Metropolitan  Electrical  Power  Distribution  Co ,  Ltd.,  the 
capital  of  which  is  held  by  this  company,  have  increased  by  IS'9 
per  cent.,  and  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  (i  per  cent,  has  been  paid  by 
that  company  in  respect  of  the  past  year. 


Indian    Electric  Supply  and  Traction  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  of  this  company  was  held  on  Monday  at  the 
offices.  Orient  House,  New  Broad  Street,  E.G.,  Mr.  John  B.  Stone 
presiding. 

The  Chaieman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report,  said 
that  as  they  were  aware,  the  £ iS,29(i  of  3-year  debentures  fell  due 
for  repayment  on  December^31st  last.  The  majority  of  the  deben- 
ture-holders who  subscribed  to  assist  the  company  at  a  critical 
period  were  not  prepared  to  renew.  It  became  necessary,  there- 
fore, to  arrange  for  an  issue  of  long-dated  debentures  to  repay 
these  and  to  provide  further  funds  for  development.  He  was  glad 
to  say  that  the  board  were  successful  in  placing  un  issue  of  £(J0,00o 
20-year  debentures,  and  the  company  was,  therefore,  free  from 
anxiety  in  this  respect.  Referring:  to  the  progress  of  the  under- 
taking, he  was  glad  to  say  that  the  sales  of  current  had  risen  from 
813,20-i  units  to  1,189,892,  and  the  gross  receipts  were  £13,572,  as 
against  £10,974  last  year.  The  connections  to  the  mains  expressed 
in  the  ecjuivalent  of  33-watt  lamps  were  45,507,  as  against  28,739 
in  1911.  The  demand  for  current  for  power  purposes  increased  at 
a  greater  rate  than  that  for  lighting,  and  must  continue  to  do  so 
in  a  city  such  as  Cawnpore,  and  considerable  expansion  in  this 
direction  might  be  looked  for  in  the  current  year.  They  might 
also  expect  some  extension  of  the  municipal  lighting.  The  cost  of 
generating  had  risen  from  r03d.  to  r07d.  per  unit,  owing  to  the 
increased  cost  of  coal.  Contracts  for  a  large  proportion  of  their 
requirements  for  1914  had  been  arranged.  The  profit  was  about 
£500  less  than  was  anticipated,  due  to  the  higher  cost  of  coal,  and 
certain  expenses  connected  with  the  debenture  issue,  which  the 
board  had  decided  should  be  charged  against  revenue.  The  sales 
department  showed  a  profit  of  £90ii,  as  against  .£600  in  191 1.  The 
expansion  of  the  business  had  justified  their  proceeding  with 
the  installatioTi  of  condensing  plant,  and  this  was  in  course 
of  erection,  and  with  the  economiser  which  was  being 
shipped,  a  substantial  saving  in  coal  consumption  should 
be  effected.  They  were  also  erecting  a  plant  for  cool- 
ing the  water  for  condensing,  and  a  brick  chimney,  which 
had  been  found  advisable  for  the  increased  boiler  power.  These 
additions  and  improvements  would  cheapen  the  cost  of  production, 
and  their  effect  should  be  felt  in  the  latter  part  of  this  year.  The 
new  plant  included  a  fifth  boiler,  which  was  being  erected,  and  a 
600-KW.  generating  set.  The  latter  was  purchased  from  the 
Government,  after  it  had  run  efficiently  for  a  few  weeks  at  Delhi 
during  the  Durbar.  They  estimated  that  there  was  a  saving  of 
over  30  per  cent,  on  this  purchase  as  against  the  same  plant  being 
bought  at  home,  shipped  to  India,  and  thence  taken  by  rail  to 
Cawnpore.  The  tramway  earnings  of  5d.  per  car-mile  compared 
with  4'62d.  last  year,  but  costs  were  4'90d,,  against  4'02d.  Of  the 
increase  "ISd.  was  due  to  track  rent.  The  board  had  hoped  that  in 
view  of  the  unremunerative  nature  of  the  tramwsv  enterprise,  the 
municipality  might  have  remitted  the  track  rent,  and  the  latter 
had  partly  met  the  company  by  reducing  the  amount  f  rom  Rs.  5.508 
per  annum  to  Rs.  2,451,  which  sum   was  included   in  the  accounts. 


The  cliuirman  fxj)reHHod  the  l;<jttrd  h  iiiipriM.iatioii  of  th<;  work  of  the 
btatf  in  (Cawnpore  and  thi-  improved  reHuIln  that  hod  f.dlowi.-4j. 

Mil.  .Sijorr  .MoNi;iiii;Kt',  in  nuvondini;  the  motion,  hauI  that  when 
he  first  met  the  MhureholdufH  of  thn  compuny  iu  1U</J,  the  board 
had  to  report  a  Iohh  of  £9  on  the  year  n  working.  The  revenue  In 
that  yar  from  the  Kale  of  current  and  from  the  worklni;  of  the 
tramwayw  was  £6,7."iO.  They  now  i;uine  bi^fore  the  Hharftholrlem 
with  a  revenue  of  £17, '135,  and  the  £9  Iobh  had  liten  (;onv«:rt*'d  into 
a  profit  of  £8,i:i2.  Those  figurcn  showed  that  there  waii  a  (treat 
deal  of  life  in  the  company,  and  that  woH  what  hi;  told  thi-m  foar 
yearB  ago.  In  1909  their  output  amount<?d  to  13l,iXiO  unitH  xold  to 
the  public.  It  waH  now  nearly  ten  timeB  that  amount,  but  the 
revenue  per  unit  hn<l  fallen  from  4'f;.',d.  to  2'33d.  That  fall  in  the 
price  really  was  a  good  sign,  becauHe  it  inrlicated  a  large  increaiie 
in  the  company's  busincHs  as  suppliers  of  iKjwer.  He  had  told 
them  in  the  past  that  they  looked  to  a  great  increaHe  in  the  buoinera 
in  Cawnpore  from  the  supply  of  power,  not  only  for  large  millH, 
but  for  miMlium  si^'.ed  indu.stries  in  the  city.  The  figures  received 
from  Cawnpore  for  last  year's  increase  ahowtil  a  total  of  i',i  li.i-. 
ill  motors  connected  to  the  mains,  and  only  half  of  that  waH 
accounted  for  by  one  large  mill  ;  the  balance  was  divided  among 
ttour  mills  and  engineering  works,  oil  milU,  A:c.  It  waa  important 
to  notice  that  they  kept  spreading  out  amongst  those  various  in- 
dustries, and  that  was  a  strong  feature  about  the  businesH. 
Another  matter  which  had  occupied  the  attention  of  the  board  last 
year  had  been  the  improvement  of  their  plant  in  Cawnpore.  Up 
till  recently  they  had  been  crippled  in  this  respect,  owing  to  in- 
^iufficiency  of  funds,  and  they  had  been  forced  to  adopt  a  very 
conservative  policy.  Last  year  they  had  the  benefit  of  a  visit  to 
England  of  their  chief  engineer,  and,  although  he  was  home  on 
holiday,  he  devoted  a  go(jd  deal  of  his  time  to  getting  out  the 
scheme  for  introducing  the  condensing  plant,  to  which  the  chair- 
man had  referred.  They  looked  forward  to  considerable  benefit 
from  the  use  of  that  plant,  although  it  would  not  be  in  active  use 
until  the  latter  part  of  this  year. 
The  report  was  adopted. 


I  iiited     River     Plate   Telephone    Co.,    Ltd.— The 

directors'  report  that  the  gross  receipts  in  sterling  for  the  nine 
months  to  December  31st  in  tlie  River  Plate  were  £400.068. 
Deducting  expenses  in  Argentine  and  London,  debenture  interest 
and  dividend  on  preference  shares,  and  adding  interest  on  invest- 
ments, transfer  fees,  Sec,  and  the  sum  of  £5,492  brought  forward 
from  the  previous  year,  there  remains  an  available  balance  of 
£110,574.  The  estimated  revenue  charge  recjuired  to  provide 
systematically  for  future  renewals  of  plant  has,  as  before,  been 
added  to  the  item  maintenance  in  the  profit  and  loss  account,  and 
credited  to  reserve  for  renewal  of  plant,  and  all  special  replace- 
ments carried  out  during  the  period  covered  by  the  accounts  have 
been  debit€d  to  this  reserve.  The  directors  recommend  that  a 
dividend  be  paid  for  the  nine  months  at  the  rate  of  8  per  cent,  per 
annum,  free  of  income-tax,  that  £2,000  be  placed  to  the  staff's 
provident  fund,  £30,00o  to  the  reserve  fund  account,  and  that 
£5,804  be  carried  forward.  To  provide  for  the  steady  and  grati- 
fying growth  of  the  business  a  new  issue  of  54,000  ordinary  shares 
wUl  be  made  forthwith  to  the  ordinary  shareholders  at  the  price  of 
£5  10s.  per  share. 

I.W.    Electric   Light  and    Power    Co.,   Ltd.— Tlie 

annual  meeting  was  held  recently  at  Ryde.  Mr.  F.  E.  Gripper  pre- 
sided, and  it  was  reported  that  the  equivalent  of  nearly  1 0,00ii  addi- 
tional lamps  had  been  connected  during  the  year,  the  largest  increase 
being  at  Newport  and  Cowes.  The  profit  from  sale  of  current 
had  increased  by  £500.  After  paying  interest  on  debenture 
stock  and  the  dividend  on  the  preference  shares  there  was  a 
balance  of  £9,300,  £1,685  more  than  last  year.  The  directors  re- 
commended that  £3,500  be  placed  to  reserve  for  the  renewal  of 
plant  and  £1,000  to  the  ordinary  reserve  account.  They  also  re- 
commended that  a  2  per  cent,  dividend  be  paid  on  the  ordinary 
shares,  requiring  £2,000,  and  that  £2,779  be  carried  forward. 

Montreal  Light,  Heat  and  PoAver  Co. — Tlie  directors 

have  declared  a  dividend  of  2)  per  cent  Cat  the  rate  of  9  per  cent, 
per  annum)  for  the  quarter  ending  April  30th. 

Stock  Exchange  Notices. — The  Committee  have  ordered 
the  undermentioned  securities  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official  List :  — 

Calgary  Power  Co.,  LW.— Further  issue  o(  i;4!<.900  5  per  cent.  SO-year  Aral 
mortgftRP  bonds  of  .£100  each  (Nos.  A  4,112  to  4,600). 

Empire  District  Electric  Co.— ^3,921,000  tlrst  mortgage  6  per  cent,  sinking 
fund  gold  bonds  of  ^1,000  each  (Nos.  1  to  2,021). 

Electrolytic  Alhali  Co.,  Ltd.— .\t  the  meeting  held  at 

Liverpool  last  week,  there  were  some  opposition  to  the  resolution  for 
voluntary  liquidation,  but  after  lengthy  discussion  it  was  carried  on 
a  poll. 

Brazilian  Traction.  Light  and  Power  Co.— A  divi 

dend  of  1}  per  cent,  is  announced. 

kaministi(|uia    Power    Co.  —  The    directors     have 

declared  a  dividend  of  $li  per  share  (.at  the  rate  of  5  pet  cent,  per 
annum)  for  the  quarter  ending  April  30th. 

Held  Over. —  Owing  to  heavy  demands  upon  our  sj  ace 
this  week,  we  are  compelled  to  hold  over  several  reports  of  com- 
panies until  next  week. 


694 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVTEW.       [Voi.  73.  No.  i.sis,  afbil  26,  i»i3. 


Direct  Inited  States  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. 

Tb£  dlfeotops'  report  for  the  year  ended  March  31  st,  1913,  states 
that  the  reserve  fund  aoconnt  shows  a  balance  of  £4S7,474,  as  com- 
pared with  Jt509,12.«  at  March  3lst,  11*1';,  a  decrease  of  £21,055, 
which  Lj  accounted  for  by  expenditure  in  connection  with  the  repair 
of  the  main  cable  in  mid-Atlantic  in  June,  191U.  The  directors 
regret  that  the  main  cable  has  been  again  interrupted  in  deep  water 
In  mid-Atlantic.  The  cable  ship  Dacia  has  recently  left  London 
for  the  position,  and  will  at  once  proceed  with  the  repair.  Three 
(jnarterly  interim  dividends  of  "Js.  each  per  share  (.lees  income-tax), 
amounting  to  £34  301,  have  been  declared  and  paid  during  the 
year,  and  a  final  dividendof  L's.  per  share  (less  tax)  is  now  proposed, 
making  a  total  distribution  of  4  per  cent,  for  the  year.  After  pro- 
viding a  further  £10,000  as  provision  for  depreciation  of  invest- 
ments, the  balance  of  revenue,  £i'0,104,  is  transferred  to  the 
reserve  fund  account. 
The  annnal  meeting' takes  place  on  April  29th. 


.4u^lo-.4rgentine  Tramwajs  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  on    Monday  at  Winchester  House, 
E.C  ,  Mr.  J.  B.  Concannon  presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  propocing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Rkview,  page  (553),  after  referring  with  regret  to  the 
death  of  Mr.  Hector  Monnon,  one  of  the  directors,  said  he  was 
pleased  to  say  that  the  business  of  the  company  continued  to  pro- 
gress. They  operated  330  miles  of  single  track,  as  againet  333  in 
the  previous  year.  The  number  of  passengers  carried  was 
316.260,077,  being  17.103,242  in  excess  of  those  carried  in  191 1.  The 
gross  receipts  for  1912  were  £2,778,302,  an  increase  of  £146,4C(i. 
On  the  expenditure  side,  wages  were  £5j,360  more,  due  mainly  to 
their  cars  having  run  an  additional  1,757,000  miles,  and  partly  to 
higher  wages  and  shorter  hours.  Cost  of  materials  increased  by 
£17.737,  owing  to  heavier  work  on  maintenance,  and  taxes,  con- 
sequent upon  increased  receipts,  were  £20,792  more.  On  the  other 
hand,  they  had  the  pleasing  fact  that,  whilst  the  cost  of  current 
per  unit. was  very  high,  owing  to  dearer  coal  and  freieht,  and 
although  their  cars  ran  1.757,000  more  mUes,  they  had  been  able, 
thanks  to  improved  methods,  to  effect  a  considerable  reduction  in 
the  number  of  units  consumed,  resulting  in  the  charge  under  this 
head  showing  a  decrease  of  £0,702.  With  normal  prices  for  coal 
and  its  freight  to  Buenos  Ayres.  the  saving  would  have  been  about 
£39,400.  The  net  increase  in  expenditure  worked  cut  at  £85.093 
and  the  increase  in  gross  profit  at  £61,373.  The  large  total  of 
£455.471  was  expended  upon  maintenance  and  renewals  during  the 
year  under  review,  necessitated  by  the  board's  policy  of  keeping  up 
the  property  in  a  high  state  of  efficiency.  The  amounts  at  credit  of 
net  revenue,  including  £10.946  carried  in  from  1911,  after  placing 
£135.000  to  credit  of  depreciation  funds,  was  £954.261.  The 
annuity  payable  to  the  City  company,  debenture  charges,  dividends 
on  preference  shares,  and  the  various  sinking  funds,  absorbed 
£75.">,922.  leaving  a  balance  at  credit  of  net  revenue  account  of 
£209,306.  An  interim  dividend  of  4  percent,  had  been  paid  upon 
the  ordinary  shares,  and  they  now  recommended  a  further  dividend 
of  4i  per  cent.,  making  8i  per  cent,  for  the  year,  as  against  7|  per 
cent,  for  1911.  leaving  a  balance  of  £9.254  to  be  carried  forward. 
Itwasgratifjing  that  they  were  ina  position  to  propose  an  increased 
dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares,  more  particularly  as  the  prior 
charges  in  1912  showed  an  increase  of  £28,365  over  those  for 
1911.  The  investments  stood  at  £316.279,  which  was  the  ccst  price. 
On  the  other  side  they  had  an  investment  depreciation  reserve 
fund  of  £9,131.  Since  the  latter  account  was  created,  he  regretted 
to  say  that  there  was  a  further  depreciation  amounting  on  December 
31st  last  to  about  £12,000.  They  had  not  had  to  realise  any  of 
those  investments,  all  of  which  were  of  the  class  that  used  to  be 
described  as  "gilt-edged."  Should  they  have  occasion  to  sell,  their 
ordinary  reserve  fund,  which  amounted  to  £66,013.  would,  of  course, 
be  available  to  meet  the  further  depreciation,  if  ary.  A  share- 
holder had  written  commenting  upon  the  item  £814.173,  ''discount 
and  commission  on  issues  of  debenture  stocks."  figuring  on  the  asset 
side  of  the  balance-sheet,  and  suggested  that  it  should  be  written 
off  out  of  the  profits.  This,  as  he  explained  at  the  meeting  two 
years  ago,  was  being  done  by  operation  of  a  sinking  fund. 
£516,292  of  the  amount  represented  the  difference  between  the  sale 
price  and  par  of  the  4  per  cent,  debenture  stock,  and  £146,630  the 
bonus  eiven  to  the  old  6  per  cent,  debenture  stock  on  their  con- 
verting into  4}  per  cert,  debenture  stock.  Already  £98,832  of  these 
two  stocks  had  been  purchased  in  the  market  and  extinguished. 
The  balance  of  this  item  amounting  to  £253,330  refers  to  the  5  per 
cent,  debenture  stock,  the  sinking  fund  for  the  redemption  of 
which  would  commence  in  1916.  The  whole  of  the  4  per  cent, 
debentures  which  involved  an  annual  charge  against  revenue  of 
£178.626  would  be  extinguished  22  years  before  the  expiration 
of  the  concession,  and  the  4i  per  cent,  and  5  per  cent. 
f>tock  would  be  paid  off  a  few  years  before  that  event. 
For  the  current  year  the  receipts  up  to  the  15th  inst.  showed 
an  increase  of  £60,267.  whilst  the  net  profits  to  March  31st  had 
also  increased  by  £25,159.  On  the  other  hand,  the  debenture 
service  for  this  year  would  absorb  an  addition  of  about  £70,000. 
On  the  whole  although  many  of  the  servicescontinued  to  be  adversely 
affected  by  the  construction  of  the  subways,  they  anticipated 
satisfactory  results  for  the  complete  year,  and  they  looked  forward 
with  interest  and  confidence  to  the  opening  of  the  first  subway  section 
towards  the  end  of  this  year.  In  view  of  the  general  manatrer's 
statement,  which  was  embodied  in  the  report,  he  need  not  detain  them 
much  longer,  but  he  must  refer  to  the  possibility  of  competition 
from    mntor-omnibuses.     He  should  not  have  thought  it  necessary 


to  do  DO  but  for  the  fact  that  reference  had  been  made  to  tha 
Bubjeot  in  some  of  th«  newspapers,  prompted,  no  doubt,  b.r  the 
success  attained  by  motor-omnibuses  in  London,  Now  the  con' 
ditions  in  London  were  quite  different  from  those  prevailing  In 
Buenos  Ayres.  In  London,  as  they  all  knew,  the  tramways  did 
not  penetrate  the  most  important  business  centres  either  in  the  city 
or  in  the  West  End,  whereas  the  omnibuses  did,  and  very  good  nse 
they  made  of  the  advantage  both  from  their  own  and  the  public 
point  of  view.  In  Buenos  Ayres,  however,  practically  every  street 
leading  from  the  suburbs  to  the  business  and  shopping  centres  of 
the  city  was  traversed  by  tramways,  and  everyone  acquainted  with 
Buenos  Ayres  was  aware  that  those  streets  were  so  narrow  and  con- 
gested that  there  was  not  suiKcient  space  for  their  cars  to  pass 
each  other,  so  that  the  cars  inward  and  outward  bound  had 
to  run  over  parallel  streets.  The  problem  of  relieving  this  con- 
gestion was  always  occupying  the  attention  of  the  municipal 
authorities,  and  it  seemed  very  unlikely  that  they  would  permit 
the  introduction  of  omnibuses,  but  assuming  that  they  did,  he  was 
pretty  confident  that  they  would  not  compete  successfully  with 
their  surface  cars,  and  they  certainly  could  not  with  their  com- 
bined surface  and  subway  systems.  In  conclusion,  he  might  add 
that  he  was  not  aware  of  an  omnibus  company  in  thi^  or  any  other 
country  which  was  profitably  worked  in  competition  with  a  traim- 
way  company  whose  services  tapped  all  the  available  sources  of 
traffic. 

Mb.  T.  Fra.me  Tho.mson,  in  seconding  the  motion,  said  it  was 
interesting  to  notice  bow  the  extraordinary  development  of  the 
city  transportation  of  Buenos  Ayres  had  followed  the  development 
of  the  tramway  system.  There  had  not  been  a  retrograde  step  in 
the  development  of  tramways  in  the  city  since  their  first  intro- 
duction. As  regards  the  question  of  motor-omnibus  competition, 
there  was  no  parallel  between  Buencs  Ayres  and  London.  London 
was  one  of  very  few  cities  in  the  world  where  up  to  a  point 
omnibus  travel  was  universal,  and  it  was  only  within  recent  years 
that  tramways  hsd  been  used  to  any  appreciable  extent  in  London. 
In  other  big  cities  of  the  world  it  was  exactly  the  reverse.  For 
instance,  in  New  York,  the  people  had  acquired  the  tramway  habit 
and  they  held  to  it,  and  there  was  only  one  avenue  where  motor- 
omnibuses  ran.  In  Buenos  Ayres,  the  tramways  were  the  first 
system  of  transport,  having  commenced  running  in  1868,  and  there 
never  had  been  any  other  system,  and  as  the  chairman  had  said, 
the  roads  were  too  narrow  to  allow  of  it. 

Me.  TlAiiiLTOX,  K.C.,  remarked  that  he  was  in  Buenos  Ayres 
last  September  and  went  over  the  whole  of  the  company's  system, 
and  he  agreed  with  the  chairman  and  the  vice-chairman  that  motor- 
'bus  competition  was  entirely  out  of  the  question.  Xo  sane  body 
of  people  would  provide  the  necessary  money  for  such  a  service,  as 
the  streets  were  entirely  occupied  by  their  tramways — in  fact,  the 
streets  were  so  narrow  that  he  doubted  whether  motor-'bnses  would 
be  able  to  get  down  them.  He  would  like  to  know  whether  it  was 
proposed  to  enable  a  further  issue  of  capital,  and  if  so,  what  form 
it  was  likely  to  take. 

The  Chaib.max,  in  reply,  said  that  at  present  they  had  one  and 
a  half  million  of  unexpended  capital,  but  with  the  heavy  work 
they  were  doinsr  on  the  subways  that  would  not  last  very  long. 
They  had  not  settled  anything  definite  yet,  but  they  were  consider- 
ing with  the  Continental  directors  the  advisability  of  postponing 
a  further  issue  of  debenture  for  a  year  or  two,  and  placing  instead 
the  balance — one  and  a  half  million  of  the  ordinary  share  capital. 

The  report  was  adopted. 


Official     AnnooDcements     re     Companies.  —  The 

following  companies  will,  unless  cause  is  shown  to  the  contrary, 
be  struck  off  the  register  within  three  months,  and  will  accordingly 
be  dissolved  : — 

Britieb  India  Mica  Co.,  Ltd, 

Chameleon  Signs,  Ltd. 

DyneleccroD  Byndicate,  Ltd. 

Electrical  and  Mechanical  Exbibit'on,  Ltd. 

Electric  Coin-Freed  Meter  Dimming  S.Tndicate,  Ltd. 

Electric  Tramways  Trust,  Ltd. 

"  Guaranteed  "  Oil  Filters,  Ltd. 

Hirst  Magneto  Co.,  Ltd. 

Illuminating  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd, 

Laboratories,  Ltd. 

"  Le  Radiant,"  Ltd. 

Morris-Hawkins,  Ltd. 

Motor-Hiring  Syndicate,  Ltd. 

S.  P.  (Sucbostawer  Patents)  Syndicate,  Ltd. 

Scbreiber  Electric  Battery  Co.,  Ltd. 

Scientific  and  Technical  Publications,  Ltd. 

Scotch  WftterPower  Syndi<'ate,  Ltd. 

Simplex  Industrial  Producer  Oas  Plants,  Ltd. 

Smoke  Destroyer  Co.,  Ltd. 

Technical  Inventions,  Ltd. 

Vulcan  Dynamo  and  Motor  Co.,  Ltd. 

City   Electric    Lijtht  Co.,    Ltd.    (Brisbane).  —  Tiie 

directors'  report  for  the  half-year  ended  January  olst,  1913,  states 
that  after  making  additions  to  the  reserve  fund,  dividend  equalisa- 
tion fund,  franchise  and  purchase  sinking  fund,  accident  insurance 
fund  and  renewal  replacement  and  contingencies  account,  there 
remains  a  credit  balance  of  £7,148,  which,  with  the  balance  brought 
forward,  makes  £9,092  to  be  disposed  of.  The  directors  recommend 
that  a  dividend  be  paid  of  3  per  cent,  on  the  preference  shares  and  of 
Oi  per  cent,  on  the  fully-paid  ordinary  shares,  and  of  6J  percent, 
on  the  contributing  shares.  These  dividends,  together  with  the 
dividend  duty,  will  absorb  £7,639.  leaving  £1,453  to  be  carried 
forward.  The  directors  have  decided  to  issue  on  or  before  April 
30th  next  40,000  contributing  shares  paid  up  to  lOs.  per  share. 
These  will  be  issued  to  the  shareholders  in  proportion  to  their 
present  holding,  and  will  represent  about  28  shares  to  each  100 
shares  now  held. 


Vol.79.  No.  1,848,  apbii.2r,i»i8,]       THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


696 


Indo-Eiiropt^n  Teleffraph  Co.,  Ltd. 

Thk   dlreoturn  in  their  report  for   IU1i2  state  that  the  cofiip&ny's 
iteirotlationn  with  the  I'ostinaBter-i.eneral,  and  with  the  Imperial 
Uernian  Telegraph  Adminintration  previously  r(!ferred  to,  are  now 
far  advanced.      The  aj^reementH  witli   those  adniinistrationH,  when 
concluded,   will  place  at   the  dinpoHal  of  the  company   the  much- 
desired  additional  crosH-Channel  cable  wire,  und  will,  at  the  same 
time,  embody  an  extension   of  the  company's    workinjf   agreement 
with    the  Po8tnia8ter-(ieneral.     The  company's  new  cable  wire  will 
be  connected  with  a  new  land  wire  throughout  the  whole    lentfth 
of  the  company's  system,  which  will  shortly   be  completed.       The 
Imperial  Russian  (Jovernmont  have  informed  the  company  that,  in 
view  of  the  fact  that  the  company's  present  concession  from  that 
Government  does  not  expire  until   1025,  netrotiations  for  an  ex  ten - 
Bion  of  the  same  should  be  deferred  for  tho  present,     llavinff  refjard 
to  the  ever-incrcasin?  importance  of  radio-telegraphy,  the  directom 
have  ac(iuired  a  oontrollinpr  interest  in  the  (lalletti  wireless  system, 
a  new  and  independent  system  of  much  promise.       Important  ex- 
periments to  establish  its  value  are  now  in  progress,  and  the  necessary 
funds  for  this,  and    for  the  acquisition  of  the  controlling  interest 
above  referred  to,  have  been  provided  by  the  company.     The  sum 
thus    provided    is    repre8ente<l    by    the    holding    of    £32,200    of 
the    capital    of    (ialletti's    Wireless     Telegraph     and     Telephone 
Co.,    Ltd.    (a    company    formed    and    controlled     by    this    (com- 
pany),   which    stands    in    the    balance-sheet   at    its   par    value    of 
£82,200.     In   view,  however,  of  the  risks  which   must  attend  the 
development  of   an  entirely  new  system,  the  directors  propose  to 
make   provision  out  of  the  year's  profits  for   the  whole   sum  of 
£32,200  represented  by  this  investment.     As  a  result  of  the  recent 
extension  of  the  concessions  from  the  Russian  and  Turkish  Govern- 
ments for  the  working  of  the  Black  Sea  Cable  (Odessa-Constanti- 
nople) the  half  interest  held  in  that  cable  by  this  company  (which 
stood   in   the  balance-sheet   at    the   value  of    £25,000  under    the 
heading    "investments   in  other    telegiaph  companies')    is   now 
directly  vested   in  this  company,  which  assumes  responsibility  for 
half  the  working  and  maintenance  expenses.    The   designation  of 
the  investment  has  accordingly  been  altered   to   "half  interest  in 
the    Black  Sea    (Odessa-Constantinople)    Cable."      The    company 
having  taking  over  in  respect  of  its  half  ownership  of  the  cable  its 
share  of  the  already  existing   reserve  fund  for  maintenance,  the 
directors  are  enabled  to  constitute  in  the  balance-sheet  a  "  Black 
Sea  Cable  maintenance  fund  "  to  the  amount  of  £15,000,  which  is 
represented    by    investments  "on    the    other    side  detailed    under 
.Schedule  D.      The   company's  revenue  from  message  account  and 
other    sources,    as    shown    in   the  revenue  account,   amounts  to 
£1.^3,411,  as  compared  with  £172,427  for  1911,  showing  an  increase 
of  £10,984.    The  expenses  are,  on  commercial  and  general  account, 
£58,820,  and  on  maintenance  account  £32,155,  making  a  total  of 
£110,974,   as   against   £86.0S7   for   1911,    showing  an   increase  of 
£4.887.      The    revenue    account,    therefore,   shows  a  balance  of 
£92.437,  which  sum  is  carried  to  profit  and  loss  account,  1912,  and 
after    deduction     of    income-tax     paid    is    reduced    to     £87,024. 
To    this    is    added    the    balance    brought    forward    of    £12,144, 
making    a    total    of     £99,16.-<.      Deducting     £10,813     provided 
for     depreciation    of     the    company's    securities    to     date    and 
the   interim   dividend   of    £10,625    already    paid,    there  remains  a 
balance    available   for    distribution    of    £77,730.      The    directors 
now  propose  to  declare  a  dividend    for   the   six  months  ending 
December  31st,    1912,   of   17s.   6d.   per   share  (making    with   the 
interim  dividend  already  paid  6  per  cent,  for  the  year)  and  a  bonus 
of  20s.  per  share,  both  free  of  income-tax.    They  propose  further 
to  make  the  provision  of  £32,200  in  connection  with  the  Galletti 
purchase  and  experiments  above   referred   to,  carrying    forward 
£13,055.     They  also  propose  to  make  a  special  distribution  to  the 
shareholders  of  £12,750,  equivalent  to  15s.  per  share,  out  of  interest 
upon  certain  investments  and  advance  accounts.    This  distribution 
also  will  be  free  of   income-tax.    The  directors  have  sustained  a 
severe  loss  in  the  death  of  their  esteemed  friend  and  colleague,  Mr. 
Ludwig  Delbriick,  bo  long  associated  with  them  as  a  director.    The 
poBition  will  shortly   be   filled   by   another  gentleman,  preferably 
representing  Berlin  interests.    To  their  great  regret  also  they  have 
lost  the  services,  through  retirement  for  reasons  of  'health,  of  Mr. 
Geo.  Plate,  who  represented  Bremen  interests  on  the  board. 


1911,  or  an  increuM  of  iilli,lll7.  The  eipctidlturaihowian  Icortut 
of  A 7,7^0,  principally  due  to  tnoreaeed  mileage  rtio,  and  to  t)w 
complete  overhaul  of  the  power  ntntlon,  Part  of  the  cent  of  the 
latter,  rrprMenliid  tiy  certain  addltionn  to  the  plant  to  Increaie 
the  efficiency  of  the  station,  rendered  ncocniiary  tjy  the  (f  rowth  of 
the  tradlc,  haH  Ix en  charged  to  the  depreciation  ri*»,-rve  fund.  The 
Ilowrah  lines  have  nlno  ohown  conHidcrable  improvement,  ao,  wlili 
practically  the  name  mileage,  they  show  an  increoiie  in  traffic 
receipts  of  £1,205,  the  increaflc  in  expenditure  beinjf  £3ft.*<,  princi> 
pally  dae  to  permanent  way  repairn. 


Oriental  Telephone  and  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 

Thk  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  De(;ember  :UHt  la«t  Mtat<  h 
that,  inc'uding  £2.<,7I5  brought  forward  from  December  .Slut. 
1911,  and  after  deducting  the  interim  dividends  of  3  per  cent.,  paid 
November  Ist  last,  on  both  the  preference  and  ordinary  ehares,  and 
making  the  necessary  provision  for  redemption  of  the  debenture 
stock  and  other  charges,  as  shown  in  the  net  revenue  account,  the 
amount  to  be  dealt  with  is  £57,054.  The  directors  recommend  that 
this  sum  be  appropriated  as  follows,  viz.  .—A  final  dividend  of  3  per 
cent,  (less  income-tax)  for  the  year  on  the  preference  shares,  £  1 ,500  ; 
a  final  dividend  of  7  per  cent,  (free  of  income-tax)  on  the  ordinary 
shares,  making  10  per  cent,  for  the  year,  £12.552;  transfer  to 
reserve  account,  £5,000  ;  staff  pension  fund,  £2,000 :  carrying 
forward  £36,002.  All  the  company's  exchanges,  together  with 
those  of  the  affiliated  companies,  continue  to  fhow  improved 
revenues.  The  Bombay  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  further  increased 
its  dividend  from  9  to  10  per  cent.,  whilst  the  Telephone  Co.  of 
Egypt,  Ltd.,  the  Bengal  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  the  China  and 
.Japan  Telephone  and  Electric  Co.,  Ltd..  have  paid  their  previous 
rates  of  10,  6  and  5  per  cent,  respectively.  In  addition  to  the 
extensions  at  Madras,  referred  to  in  the  last  report,  considerable 
extensions  and  improvements  have  been  made  during  the  past  year 
at  Rangoon  and  in  .Mauritius,  and  are  now  in  full  working, 
promising  good  results.  In  order  to  provide  better  and  permanent 
([uarters  for  the  increasing  business  in  the  island  of  Mauritius,  the 
company  recently  purchased  a  freehold  plot  of  land  in  the  town  of 
Port  Louis,  upon  which  a  substantial  building  is  in  course  of 
erection,  which  is  expected  to  be  completed  by  the  end  of  the 
current  year. 
The  annual  meeting  is  called  for  April  30th. 


An^lo-American  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  March  Slst,  1913,  states 
that  three  quarterly  interim  dividends  of  15s.  per  cent,  on  the 
ordinary  stock,  and  £1  lOs.  per  cent,  on  the  preferred  stock,  were 
paid  on  May  Ist,  August  1st  and  November  1st,  1912,  absorbing 
£157,500,  and  the  directors  on  Febmary  Ist  last  paid  the  final 
dividend  for  the  year  ending  December  3l8t,  1912,  amounting  to 
£1  lOs.  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  stock,  £1  10s.  per  cent,  on  the 
preferred  stock,  and  £1  10s.  per  cent,  on  the  deferred  stock.  These 
payments  absorbed  altogether  £262,500,  being  the  rent  paid  by  the 
Western  L'nion  Telegraph  Co.  for  the  year,  equal  to  3  J  per  cent, 
on  the  ordinary  stock,  6  per  cent,  on  the  preferred  stock,  and  li  per 
cent,  on  the  deferred  stock.  The  balance  at  credit  of  revenue 
account  includes  £1,621  bank  interest,  A:c.,  received  during  the 
year,  and  now  amounts  to  £67,246.  The  present  articles  of  associa- 
tion are  quite  obsolete  and  new  ones  have  been  prepared.  These 
accord  with  present-day  law  and  requirements,  and  contain  pro- 
visions which  are  desirable  now  that  the  company  has  leased  its 
cables  to  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  The  rights  of  the 
stockholders  with  regard  to  dividends  and  voting  and  in  a  winding- 
up  have  not  been  interfered  with.  The  new  articles  will  be  sub- 
mitted at  the  extraordinary  general  meeting  immediately  at  the 
close  of  the  annual  meeting  on  April  29th. 


Calcotta  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors  report,  as  given  in  the  Financier,  states  that  the 
gross  receipts  and  the  working  expenses  for  1912  were  as  follows  :  — 
Receipts.— Calcutta,  £208,427;  Howrah  £8,606;  total.  £217,033. 
W^orking  expenses. — Calcutta,  .*;  115.380;  Howrah,  £6,7SG  ;  total, 
£122,166.  Revenue  balance.— Calcutta.  £93,046  ;  Howrah,  £1,819  ; 
total,  £94,866.  The  balance  forward  from  1911  accounts  £3,918, 
and  bank  interest  £18,  bring  the  total  to  £98,903.  Deduct  interest 
on  debenture  stock  and  dividend  on  preference  and  ordinary  shares 
paid,  £44,775,  leaving  an  available  balance  of  £51.028,  which  the 
directors  propose  to  deal  with  by  the  payment  of  a  final  dividend 
of  5s.  per  share,  making  75  per  cent,  for  the  year,  £34,402.  adding 
to  the  depreciation  fund  £15,000,  and  carrying  forward  £4,626. 
The  depreciation  fund  at  the  commencement  of  the  year  stood  at 
£64,136.  After  adding  thereto  £1,704,  interest  on  investments. 
and  £15,000  proposed  to  be  allocated,  as  above,  and  deducting 
£9.158  written  off  for  renewals  and  additional  expenditure  on 
power  house  plant  during  the  year,  the  fund  will  stand  at  £71,682. 
The  steady  and  continued  growth  of  the  business,  aided  to  some 
eitent  by  the  abnormal  traffic  during  the  period  of  the  Royal  visit 
at  the  beginning  of  the  year,  has  produced  a  further  record  in 
traffic  receipts,  which  amount  to    £215,271,  against  £200,384  for 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tueida;  Evealng. 
Stock  Exchange  markets  for  the  time  being  seem  to  have  got 
into  smoother  waters.  The  long-deferred  fall  in  the  Bank  Rate  took 
plHce  last  Thursday,  and  it  is  expected  to  be  followed  by  a  further 
reduction  this  week,  provided,  that  is,  that  the  political  outlook 
abroad  does  not  cloud  over  again.  It  is  recognised,  however,  that 
the  Bank  of  England  directors,  in  not  putting  down  the  rate  a  full 
point,  intended  to  give  the  financial  world  a  hint  that  they 
did  not  regard  the  prospect  as  entirely  pacific  ;  but  if  the  step  is 
taken  this  Thursday,  most  people  will  regard  it  as  a  weighty 
opinion  that  the  war  in  the  Near  East  is  over  for  all  practical 
purposes. 

The  latest  untoward  development  abroad  is  the  straining  of 
relations  between  .Japan  and  the  United  States.  Trouble  has  been 
brewing  for  some  time  between  the  two  peoples,  according  to  private 
information,  and  for  the  moment  it  looks  as  though  there  might  be 
a  rupture  of  peaceful  feeling,  unless  the  Americans  care  to  placate 
their  Western  neighbours. 

Home  Railway  Stocks  failed  to  derive  immediate  benefit  from 
cheaper  money,  but  the  market  looks  stronger  now.    The  Under- 


696 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  72.  no.  i.sis,  apbil  25, 1913. 


ground  list  ia  quiet.  Districts  dipped  to  39 J,  but  recovered  to  10. 
Metropolitans  are  j  down.  Central  London  Ordinary  and  Preferred 
each  put  on  a  point,  and  the  Deterred  stock  maintained  its 
improvement  of  last  week.  Underground  Electric  shares  are  J 
easier,  though  the  "  A"  remain  at  lis.  6d.  The  immediate  result 
of  the  redaction  of  the  Bank  Rate  was  an  upward  march  in  some 
score  or  so  of  Home  Railway  prior  charge  stocks,  in  which  move- 
ment there  participated,  to  the  extent  of  a  point  or  so,  Metro- 
politan 3J  per  cent.  Preferencer  both  the  District  Debenture 
stocks,  and  the  four  City  and  South  London  Preference  issues. 
There  is  a  general  impression  that  this  improvement  will  go  still 
further.  Underground  Electric  6  per  cent.  Income  bonds  eased 
oflf  to  93,  and  London  Electric  4  per  cent.  Preference  stock  at  76  is 
a  point  down. 

It  is  worth  noticing,  as  having  a  possible  bearing  upon  railway 
stocks  as  a  whole,  that  the  Scottish  railway  issues  have  shown 
extreme  strength  this  week,  upon  the  assumption  that  the  com- 
panies in  the  North  will  be  shortly  revising  their  fares  in  the 
upward  direction.  It  is  understood  that  the  English  companies 
will  follow  their  example  before  long  ;  indeed,  they  may  be  said 
to  have  started  this  already  in  a  mild  way,  but  if  there  should  be  a 
(concerted  movement,  as  authorised  by  the  recently-passed  Railways 
Act.  there  may  be  better  days  in  store  for  the  Home  Railway 
market,  until  labour  stirs  up  fresh  strife.  The  British  Electric 
Traction  issues  continue  to  fall,  Ycrkshire  4i  per  cent.  Debenture 
stock  at  !<3i  is  a  point  higher. 

The  Electricity  Supply  market  has  little  change  to  disturb  its 
customary  placidity.  Metropolitans  were  back  to  3i,  but  this  fall 
of  i  is  more  than  counterbalanced  by  a  rise  of  5s.  in  Smithfields, 
which  carried  up  the  price  to  IJ.  County  First  Debenture  stock 
lost  a  point  upon  the  offering  of  a  small  parcel  in  the  market  the 
other  day. 

The  Manufacturing  group  is  quiet,  a  rise  of  SOs.  in  Telegraph 
Constructions  being  the  principal  feature.  Since  the  recent 
increase  in  the  dividend  to  20  per  cent.,  there  has  been  a  persistent 
demand  for  the  shares,  while  the  Debenture  stock  at  97 i  is  aho 
slightly  higher.  Babcock  &  Wilcox  eased  off  to  3i\  upon  the 
appearance  of  the  report,  which,  however,  should  have  had  an 
opposite  effect  upon  the  price  of  the  shares,  for  it  makes  excellent 
reading,  and  the  dividend  is  increased  to  l(i  per  cent.— equivalent 
to  32  per  cent,  upon  the  capital  before  this  was  doubled  by  the 
distribution  of  bonus  shares  last  year.  Some  people  appear  to  dis- 
like the  creation  of  the  proposed  Second  Preference  shares,  but  as 
the  Company  will  have  no  diflBculty  in  placing  these,  it  will  be 
getting  the  money  at  r>  per  cent.,  and  should  be  able  to  earn  a 
great  deal  more  than  this  upon  the  new  capital.  These  new  Pre- 
ference shares,  by  the  way,  constitute  an  excellent  investment,  the 
security  for  them  being  admirable. 

In  the  Telegraph  department.  Indo-Europeans,  after  their  sub- 
stantitri  advance,  reacted  10s.,  but  remain  a  good  market.  Investors 
are  on  the  look-out  for  Telegraph  descriptions  which  pay  well,  and 
offer  a  reasonable  chance  of  enhanced  value.  Commercial  Cable 
Debenture  stock  again  rose  li.  Anglo-American  Telegraph  Pre- 
ferred continues  to  harden.  Eastern  Extension  shares  put  on  i,  and 
Globe  Preference  are  a  similar  fraction  to  the  good.  The  Telephone 
list  is  also  firm.  Monte  Videos  are  jV  higher.  Oriental  Preference 
rose  ^,  and  Telephone  of  Egypt  Debenture  stock  is  i  up.  Renter's 
eased  off  to  the  extent  of  ',,  and  American  Telephone  stock  went 
back  a  point,  which  was  picked  up  by  the  Company's  Collateral 
Trust  bondd. 

The  Canadian -Latin  group  is  remarkable  chiefly  for  a  recovery 
of  8  points  in  Montreal  Light,  Heat  and  Power  shares,  which 
restored  the  quotation  to  233i.  The  price  is  run  up  and  down  by 
comparatively  small  demand  and  supply  ;  sometimes  it  moves 
without  any  stock  changing  hands  at  all.  Another  quarterly 
dividend  of  2',  per  cent,  is  just  announced.  Kaministiquia  shares 
went  back  to  132i  on  the  declaration  of  the  quarterly  dividend  of 
1  i  per  cent. — certain  holders  had  been  expecting  the  distribution 
to  be  raised  to  the  rate  of  i>  per  cent,  per  annum  this  time. 

The  Mexican  division  is  what  the  newspapers  call  "  marking 
time.''  Mexico  Trams  at  110  are  the  turn  higher,  but  the  .">  per 
cent,  bonds  are  i  down,  while  in  the  Light  and  Power  issues  there 
have  occurred  no  changes  worth  mentioniuB-.  Electrical  Develop- 
ment of  Ontario  bonds  at  H5  bhow  a  rise  of  li,  and  there  is  a  better 
tone  in  the  market  for  Eio  bonds  of  both  classes.  Britic h  Columbia 
stocks  are  harder,  as  it  was  expected  would  be  the  case  so 
ioon  as  the  time  expired  for  selling  the  rights  to  the  new  issues. 
Brazil  Tractions  drooped  to  101  in  ewnseqnence  of  a  severe  fall  in 
Brazil  Railways  shares. 

Part  of  the  improvement  in  the  A^plo-Argentine  Tramways  group 
has  oozed  out  of  the  Debentures.  The  new  scrip,  by  the  way,  is  now 
quoted  as  fully-paid,  and  can  be  bought  at  99,  at  which  the  yield  is 
£5  Is,  on  the  money.  According  to  the  accounts  published  last 
week,  there  is  a  surplus,  after  meeting  all  the  Debenture  interest, 
of  about  £350,000  so  it  is  somewhat  surprising  that  the  Debenture 
stocks  should  be  dull.  Calcutta  Preference  regained  their  small 
fall  of  laot  week,  and  Lisbons  hardened  upon  the  declaration  of  the 
dividend,  to  which  reference  was  made  here  in  our  previous  notes. 

The  Rubber  market  has  fallen  into  stagnation  again,  and  prices 
are.  on  the  whole,  dullish,  though  the  commodity  is  somewhat 
firmer.  Armament  shares  are  disposed  to  droop,  in  consequence  of 
the  new  issues  which  are  being  mnde  by  Armstrongs  and  Vickers. 
Lively  dealings  are  taking  place  in  the  latter  on  the  basis  of  r,s.  to 
68.  <)d.  premium  for  the  renunciation  letters.  Amongst  the  few 
Stock  Exchange  markets  to  show  pronounced  animation,  that  for 
Copper  shares  stands  out  i>rominently.  Copper,  the  metal,  is 
expected  to  go  much  higher  :  but,  inaemach  as  the  statistics  are  of 
80  variable  a  quality,  it  is  difficult  for  outsiders  to  gauge  a  position 
which  is  80  largely  capable  of  manipulation  by  speculators  in  some 
of  the  American  centres. 


MARKET     QUOTATIONS. 


It  should  be  remembered,  in  making  use  of  the  figures  appearing 
in  the  following  list,  that  in  some  cases  the  prices  are  only  general, 
and  may  vary  according  to  quantities  and  other  circumstanoes, 


Wednesday,  April  23rd. 


CHEMICALS,  Ac. 

Latest 
Prloe. 

EV)rtnlght'B 
Ino,  or  Deo, 

a  Acid,  Mydrochlorlo 

per  owt. 

6/- 

a     „     Nitrio 

22/. 

a     „     Oxalic           

per 'lb. 

2id. 

a     „      Sulphuric 

per  cwt. 

6/6 

a  Ammoniac  Sal        

42/. 

a  Ammonia,  Muriate  (large  crystal] 

per  ton 

£2910 

a  Bleaching  powder 

£6  5 

a  Bisulphide  oi  Carbon 

£18 

a  Borax 

" 

£17  10 

a  Copper  Sulphate 

£23  6 

10/-'de.-. 

a  Lead,  Nitrate          

£27 

£2  lOa.  dec. 

a      „      'White  Sugar 

£25  5 

£2  5s.  dec. 

a      ,t     Peroxide 

II 

£32 

" 

e  Methylated  Spirit 

per  gal. 

2/6 

a  Potassium,  Bichromate,  in  casks 

PMhib. 

£22  10 

a  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %) 

per  ton 

a        „       Chlorate 

per  lb, 

8Ad. 

a        „       Perchlorate 

4ld. 

a  Potassium,  Cyanide  (98/100  %) . . 

,, 

7td, 

(for  mining  purposes  only) 

a  Shellac           

per  cwt. 

80/. 

a  Sulphate  of  Magnesia 

per  ton 

£4  10 

a  Sulphur,  Subhmed  Flowers 

£610 

a        „         Recovered 

£6  10 

a        1,        Lump 

II 

£6 

a  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/72  %)    . . 

£10  6 

a      „     Chlorate        

per  lb. 

8Sd, 

a      i.     Crystals         

a  Sodium  Bichromate,  casks 

per  ton 

£3  6 

per  lb. 

Bd, 

METALS,  &c, 

b  Aluminium  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  . , 

per  ton 

£96 

b           „           Wire,  in  ton  lots  ( 

£112 

(1  to  14  8.W.G,)  r 

" 

b           „           Sheet,  in  ton  lots    . . 

£120 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots     . . 

II 

£50  to  £221 

c  Brass  (rolled  metal  2*  to  12"  basis) 

per'lb, 

8*d. 

gd.  inc. 

c      „     Tube  (brazed) 

104d. 

c      „         „     (solid  drawn) 

9d. 

c      „     Wire,  basis 

8Jd. 

id.  inc. 

c  Copper  Tubes  (brazed)     . . 

II 

ma. 

Ud.  dtc. 
1  d.  dec. 

c       „          „     (solid  drawn) 

98d. 

g       „      Bars  (best  selected) 

per  ton 

£81! 

£1  inc. 

t       „       Sheet          

£86 

£1  ine. 

g       „       Rod  

£85 

£1  inc. 

</       „       (Electrolytic)  Bars 

„ 

£72  10 

£2  158.  inc. 

rf       „                  „            Sheets      .. 

£89  10 

£i  inc. 

d       >,                 „           Rods 

£77  10 

£2  IOp.  inc. 

d       „                  „            H.G.   Wire 

per  lb. 

9Jd. 

4d.  inc. 

/Ebonite  Rod            

4/6 

/       „         Sheet         

4/- 

a  German  Silver  Wire 

1/10 

b  Gutta-percha,  fine 

7/-  to  8/- 

b  India-rubber,  Para  fine  . . 

3/6i 

id.' Inc. 

/  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . . 

per  ton 

m*i 

1/lOA  inl^ 

/     „    Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual. 

j^ 

£14 

g  Lead,  English  Pig 

,^ 

£18 12  6  to  £18 17  6 

£l.'inc. 

m  Manganin  Wire  No.  28   . . 

per  lb. 

6/6 

g  Mercury         

per  bo», 

£7  10 

e  Mica  (in  original  cases)  small  . . 

per  lb, 

6d.  to  86. 

e     M               H           ,.      medium 

8/6  to  6/- 

e      .,                „            „       large    .. 

7/6  to  11/- 

o  Nickel,  sheet,  wire,  &c 

3/6  to  4/6  nom. 

p  Phosphor  Bronze,  plain  castings 

„ 

1/1  to  1/3J 

p         „            „    rolled  bars  4  rods 

l/OJ  to  1/9 

p         „           „  rolled  strip  &  sheet 

„ 

l/2itol,5i 

0  Platinum       

per  oz. 

\ri: 

d  Silicium  Bronze  Wire 

per  lb. 

r  Steel,  Magnet,  in  bars 

per  ton 

£66 

g  Tin,  Block  (English)        . . 

„ 

£231  to  £233 

£l'dec. 

n    „     Wire,  Nos.  1  to  16    . . 

per  lb. 

2/7 

p  White  Antifriction  Metals 

per  ton 

£46  to  £328 

k  Zinc,  Sh't  ( Vieille  Montagne  bnd.) 

" 

£29 

10/.' inc. 

QootatloDB  supplied  1 

)y— 

a  Q.  Boor  &  Co, 

/  Bolllr 

g  4  Lowe, 

b  The  British  Alnmlnlom  Co,,  Ltd, 

*MorT 

is  Asbby,  Ltd. 

c  Tfaos.  Bolton  it  Sons,  Ltd, 

/  Richi 

rd  Johnson  4  Nep 

hew,  Ltd, 

d  Frederick  Smith  4  Co. 

/n  W. ' 

r.  Olover  4  Co.,  L 

d. 

«  P.  Wiggins  &  Bone. 

nP.  0 

miston  4  Sons 

f  India-Rubber,   Qatta-Peroha    and 

o  John 

son,  Mallbey  4  Co 

,Ltd 

Telegraph  Works  Oo„  Ltd. 

P 

g  James  &  Shakspeare, 
h  Edw&rd  Till  4  Co, 

rW.  F 

Dennla  4  Oo, 

Oldbani,  Ashton  and  Hyde  Electric  Tramway,  Ltd, 

The  directors' report  for  1912  states  that  the  total  revenue  w:ir> 
£34,.')79,  and  the  expenditure  (including  .-tl.OOO  for  deb^ntu^e 
interest  and  £4,000  placed  to  provision  for  renewals  account)  was 
£27,791,  leaving  a  net  profit  of  £6,788,  plus  £180  brought  forward. 
There  is  to  be  placed  to  reserve  fund  £1,250  :  dividend,  ,5  percent, 
per  annum  on  the  cumulative  preference  shares,  absorbs  £  l', 500  ; 
dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum 
for  the  six  months  ended  December  31st,  1912,  making,  with  the 
interim  dividend  0  per  cent,  for  the  year,  £H,000  ;  leaving  to  carry 
forward  £218.  Daring  the  jjast  year  £975  has  been  expended  on 
capital  account.  The  increase  in  the  tralfic  receipts  of  £  1 ,905, 
following  on  an  increase  of  1 1,202  for  1911,  is  principally  due  to 
better  trade,  £4,u00  hae  been  charged  through  the  revenue  account 
to  reneVals  account  as  compared  with  £2,u00  for  1911. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,H4K,  APBiMjr,  191,1.1        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIKW. 


697 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELXOTRIOAL     0OMPANIE8. 


E?iGLIHH    ELECTBICITT    8UFPLT   AND   TOWER   COMPANIES. 


Bonrnemoalh  ft  Poole,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    44%Pref 

Do.    Booond  fl  %  Pref, 

Do.    4i%Deb.  Btook.. 
Bromplon  A  Kensington,  Ord... 

Do.    T3f.  Cum.  Pro! 

Central   Elootrlo  Sopply,  4  %\ 

Guar.  Deb.  I 

Ofakrlng  OroBB,  West  End  ft  Olty 

Do.    U  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.     "  Olty     Undertaking  "  ) 
4i  %  Onm.  Pref.  J 

Do.  Do.  4%  Deb 

Chelsea,  Ord 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Olty  of  London,  Ord 

Do,    6  %  Com.  Pref 

Do.    S%Deb 

Do.    4}  %  Beoond  Deb. 
Oonnty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do.    44  %  Beoond  Deb. 
Edmondson'B,  Ord, 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Non-Gum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    44  %  First  Mori,  Deb.  . . 
Folkestone 

Do.    6%0nm.  Pref 

Do.    44%  First  Deb 

BoTe 


10 
10 
10 

Stock 
6 
t 

100 


too 

B 

Stock 
10 
10 


Stock 

Stock 

£3 

fi 

6 

100 

s 
« 

100 
B 


DlTldenda 
lor 


Closing 
Qaotatlons 
April  aSnd. 


H  -  »r» 
84-   gi 

10  —  10* 
96  —  98 

8i-   ea 

fi-  Hj 

96  —  98 

<S-    4  J 

88-     *i 

914-  B84 

44-     S 

96-99 

Ifi  -  174 

12  -  18 

Ufi  -120 

100  —102 

104-  11 

114-  13 

103  —106 

99  —102 

A-      A 

h-ii 

If-    2 

81  —  81 

44—    6 

44-    6 

90-92 

7i-    7} 


Rise  Present 
-t-  or     Yield 
Fall      p.e, 


J  s.  d. 

B  18  6 

4  14  9 

B  II  .1 

4  11  lU 

B  6  8 

8  18  10 

4  1  8 

5  0  0 
4  14  9 

B  2  10 

4  6  7 

6  0  0 
4  10  11 


3  4 

8  8 

9  1 


6  0  0 
4  17  10 
6  16  2 


HIM    Praacnt 
f  or     TUld 

ran    B,c 


Kensington  ft  Knigbtsbrldge,  Ord 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Kent  Eloc.  Power,  41  %  Deb.  .. 
London  Electric,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    . . 
Metropolitan         

Do.    41%  Cam.  Pref 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . . 

Do.    84%  Mort.  Deb 

Midland   Elcotrlo  Corporation ) 
44  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  f 
Newoastle-on-Tyne  6  %  Pref., 
Non  Com. 
North  Metropolitan  Power  Bap- ) 
ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  / 
Hotting    Hill,    6  %  Hon-Cam. 
Prel. 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Dob 

Smitbfleld  Markets,  Ord. 
South  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  First  Mort.  Deb.    . . 
South  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref... 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort,  Deb. . . 
Westminster.  Ord, 

Do.    44%Oom,  Pref 


COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN   ELECTRICITT   SUPPLY   ASB   POWER. 


Adelaide.  6  %  Pret 

Oalcutta,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  1st  Mort.  Bds. 
Canadian  Oen.  El,  Com.  .. 

Do.    7  %  Pref 

Cordoba  Lit,,  Power  and  T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Deb.    . 

Bleo.  Lt.  and  P.  of  (  ocbabamba, ) 

S  %  Bonds  I 

Bleo.  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  1st  I 

Mort,  Deb. ) 

Bleo.  Dev.  Ontario,  6   %    1st) 

Mort.  Bonds ) 

Kalgoorlle  Bleo,  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    8%  Pref 

KBmlnlBtiqalaFower,6%  Q.  Bs. 

Madras,  Ord,  

Melbourne,  6  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt^6%  Ist  M.  Bds, 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do.    1  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    B  %  iBt  Mort.  Gold  Bds. 


B 

6 

« 

B 

84 

7t 

B 

6 

6 

100 

IS 

6 

$100 

7 

7 

$100 

7 

7 

1 

H 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

B 

•600 

B 

B 

10/- 

Nil 

1 

H 

K 

•600 

6 

B 

6 

Nil 

100 

6 

S 

B 

B 

•100 

4 

41 

$100 

7 

T 

B 

B 

6—6; 

6«-  71 
41-  6, 
93  —  95 
115  —119 
120  —125 
«-  i 
1,4  —  96 

93-96 


1=  t 
ICO  -102 
11—  IJ 
101  —104 
82  —  85 
77  -  80 
105  —108 
924-944 


6  14    8 

B  19    4 

4  17    7 

sea 

6  17    8 

6  12    0 

6  14     3 

6     4    2 

6    6    4 

6    7    6 

+1* 

6    4    2 

Nil 

9  16    3 

— i 

4  18    0 

4  16    2 

6  17    8 

6    0    0 

6    9    8 

6    6  10 

Monterey  Bly.  Light  ft  Power,  I 

6  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb.  f 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power   . . 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal, ) 

6  %  let  Mort,  Bonds  J 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref.      .. 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Roy,  Bleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  1 

1st  Mort.  Deb./ 

Bbawlnlgan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per.  Deb 


Toronto  Power,  «  %  Deb. 

"   .,  P.  and  T.,  6  %  1 
1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 


Vera  Crui  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  6  ' 


Victoria  Falls  Power,  Prel, 
West  Kootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 
Ist  Mort,  6  %  Gold  / 


100 

6 

B 

•100 

8 

9t 

•600 

6 

5a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

B 

6 

Do. 

B 

B 

100 

44 

«J 

•100 

6 

6 

•500 

B 

B 

Stock 
Do. 

n 

8 

100 

B 

B 

1 

Hid. 

17id. 

100 

6 

6 

83-86 
131  — S26 


217  —227 

105  —110 
100  —102 
100  —102 

1674  -1424 
107  — lOj 
1014-1034 
974-  994 
91  —  94 

106  -108 


B  16  3 
8  16  3 


4  8  0 

6  9  1 

4  18  0 

4  8  8 

8  10  3 

4  11  9 

4  7  0 

4  10  6 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amaion  Telegraph 

Do.    B%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  ft  Teleg,,  Cap. 

Do.    Collat,  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  ■  Portuguese    Tel.,  E  % ) 
Mort.  Deb,  I 

OblU  Telephone 

Oommerclal  Cable,  Btlg.  4%  Deb. 
Onba  Telegraph 

Do.     10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.     10%  Cum,  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  4J  %\ 
Reg.  Deb.  / 
BaBtern  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do.    84  %  Pref.  Stock. . 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Eastern  Extension 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and   S.   Africa  Tel.  4  %\ 
Mt.  Db.  Mauritius  Sub.  J 
Globe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%  Prel 

Great  Northern  Telegraph 
Indo-European  Telegraph 
Uaokay  Oompanies  Common  , . 

Do.    4  %  Cum,  Pref 

Uaroonl'B  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do,    T.%  Oom,  Fartio.  Pref. 


10 

4 

44+ 

stock 

B 

6 

•100 

8 

B* 

•1000 

4 

4 

Stock 

H 

8 

Do. 

6 

6 

Do, 

80/. 

too 

B 

E 

B 

7 

8 

Stock 

4 

4 

10 

« 

fit 

10 

10 

10 

B 

4 

4+ 

6 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

100 

4 

44 

Stock 

7 

7+ 

Do. 

84 

B4 

Dc. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7+ 

Stock 

« 

4 

SB 

4 

4 

10 

A 

6t 

10 

« 

6 

10 

18 

20 

26 

IH 

6t 

100 

6 

6 

•100 

4 

4 

1 

20 

1 

17 

7-  74 
97-99 

133  -135 
93  —  94 
6)  -  68 

112  —113 
24i-  24i 
994-1014 


16  -  17 

Si-  3% 
64-  7 
6|-  7i 
99  —101 
135  —138 
17*-  7"4 

94'—  Cfi 

13  —  134 
96  —  97 
984- 101 J 

loj-  m 

12g-  134 

82  —  34 
694-  61 4 

83  —  86 
69  —  72 

44-  ii 
84-    8i 


6    0    0 

6    10 

—1 

6  18    6 

-n 

4    5     1 

4    8    3 

+  J 

B    6    2 

6    1  10 

4  18    6 

6    1    1 

+14 

4  14     2 

6    9    9 

., 

6  17    8 

6    6    8 

,, 

7    2  10 

6  10    4 

4    9    0 

6    16 

—  3 

4    8    1 

-  1 

4    8    4 

+  i 

6    3    8 

4    2    6 

8  18  10   ! 

6    6    8  1 

+  h 

4  U     4 

6  17    8 

-  4 

6    5    8 

5  16    3 

5  11     1 

-  h 

4  14    1 

4  10    8 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord.  .. 

Do.    6%  Prel 

New  York  Telep,, 44% Gen.  Bnds. 
Oriental  Telep,  and  Elec. 

Do.    6%  Cum,  Pref 

Do.    4%  Red.  Deb 

Pacific  and  European  Tel.,  4  % ) 

Guar.  Debs.  J 

Renter's       

Do.    New  Shares 
Bnbmariue  Cables  Trast 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  %  \ 
Deb.  Red./ 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do,    6%  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to     ,6001 

guar,  by  Braz.  Hub.  Tel.  / 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    8  %  Cum.  Ist  Prel. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  2nd  Pret. 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Weetem  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

6 

6t 

I 

E 

E 

100 

44 

44 

1 

8 

6f 

1 

6 

6 

stock 

4 

t 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

10+ 

10 

Cert. 

6 

6 

Stock 

44 

44 

E 

8 

6 

E 

E 

a 

114 

100 

4 

4 

10 
10 

?* 

^r 

10 

6 

6 

100 

6 

E 

10 

7 

7t 

Stock 

4 

4 

•1000 

44 

44 

99|-iori 
iH-  m 
H-ii 

88  —  9U 
974-  994 

in-  11  ji 

101— 11 
124  -127 

7,',-  7}i 
64-  6i 
li-    14 

96-98 

10  —  104 

99—  10 
101  —103 
13  —  184 

96  —  97 
86  —  99 


+  !■!> 
-i 


6    1  1 

6  14  a 

4    9  9 

4    2  6 

4  16  0 

4    8  11 

4    0  6 

8  12  0 

4  i4  6 

4  11  5 

6    4  0 

4    9  0 

4    3  1 

4    18 


6  14  S 

6    0  0 

4  17  1 

E    3  8 

4    2  6 

4  11  0 


'Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.  a  Paid  In  deferred  interest  warrants.  i  Interim  Dividend. 


t  Bb.  In  Funded  Dividend  C^rt*. 


CONTINUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


698 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.      [Vol  72.   No.  i.848,  apbil  25,  1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OP    ELECTRICAL    COMPANIES.— (r.';rf.;»/frf.) 

ELECTBIC  BAILWAT8   ISB   TBAKWAI8.— HOME. 


Vo. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Bath  Tmna,  Pret.  Ord 

Do.    B%Pret 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Brit.  Eleo.  Tnc.,  6  %  Pref .     . . 

Do.        Do.  Deferred 

Do.  6%Cam.Pr'f. 

7%  Non-Cum.  Pr'f. 
B ") .  Perp.  Deb.      . . 
4)  %  and  Deb.       . . 
C'Dtnl  IjODdoD  Railway,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Def 

Do.    4%Deb 

CityA  8.  London,  6%  Pref.,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1896    .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1903     .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Dnblln  United  TramB,  6  %  Pref. 
Great  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
BastingB  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4*  %  Deb 

ele  of  Tbanet  Trams,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Lanoashire  United,  6  %  Deb,  . . 
London  Elec.  Rallw'ys,  4  %  Deb, 
London  United  Trams,  6  %  Pret. 

Do.  4%  Deb 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
10 


100 
100 
100 
10 
100 


Metropolitan  Railway  Ooniol, . . 

Do.    Barplns  Lands    .. 

Do,    U%Deb 

Do.    8i%Pref 

Do.    8i  %  Con.  Pref 

MetiopoUten  Dislrlot  Ord.      .^■ 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do,    4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

Do.    44%  First  Pref 

Do.    BJ%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Booth  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Prel. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground    Eleo.    Railways 

Do,    "A" 

Do.    C%  First  Cam,  Inc,  Deb. 

Do.    4i  %  Bonds 

Do,    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Riding),  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    t|%Deb 


Dividends 
for 


Closing 
Qnotationa 
April  22n(1. 


62i-  62? 
61  —  68 
85  —  t7 
82  —  84 
M  —  82 
.S93—  40J 
137  -139 
9i  —  96 
98  —100 
85  —  87 
75  —  77 

87  —  91 

m-  94i 
Is-  iiS 

81  —  87 

H-   H 

65  —  70 
44-     43 

110  -112 
97-99 
92A-  93 


Rise 

+  or 
Fall 


-4 


Preseol 
Yield 
p.o. 


RLECTBICAL   RAILWAYS   AND   TBAMWATS.— COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  let  Pret,     . . 

Do.    and  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Do.    B%Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6%  Deb. 
Bombay  Eleo,  8,  &  Trams,  Pref, 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Do.    C  %and  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  1 

Power  / 

Brisbane  Trams  IdtI.,  Old,      . . 

Do.    6%  Pret 

Do,     44%  Deb 

B,  Colombia  Elec.  RIy,,  Def.    . . 

Do,    Pref.  Ori, 

Do,     6%  Pref 

Do,    4}  %  let  Mort,  Deb.      .. 

Do.    4j  %  Vancouver  Deb,    .. 

Do,    4ij6Con.  Deb 

Calcutta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Oape  Electric  Trams 

City  BnenoE  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr.  4  Lt,,  6  %  Deb, 
Havana  Elec,  RIy,,  6  %  Bonds 
Ealgoorlie  Elec' Trams  .. 

Do.    e%ADeb 

Do,    e%BDeb 


6 

6 

^ 

l\ 

100 

4 

4 

100 

44 

«4 

100 

6 

E 

100 

B 

B 

10 

6 

6 

100 

Vl 

44 

100 

6 

6 

$100 

6t 

B 

8 

8t 

B 

E 

B 

100 

*h 

4* 

100 

8 

St 

100 

6 

A 

100 

E 

B 

40 

« 

100 

4 

41 

100 

4 

41 

6 

7 

Bt 

E 

E 

B 

100 
1 

^ 

4 

B 

r 

Bt 

100 

4 

4 

100 

B 

E 

•  1000 

E 

E 

1 

Nil 

100 

E 

E 

100 

6 

8 

m-  ^fi 

4S-  4J 
90i-  92J 
99  -101 
99  —101 
101  —103 
lOJ—  11^ 

96  —  98 

97  —  99 

100  — loa 

100  —103 

IS.'iA-lF&J 

ii;ii-ii6j 

103  -106 
100  —103 
100  —102 
95-97 
53-  6i 
♦is-  5A, 
974—1004 

H-     fS 

95  —  99 
93  —  97 
97  —101 

26  —-85 


5    8    7 

6  12  10 

4    6    6   1 

+  4 

4    9    1 

-  4 

4  19    0   1 

4  17    1  ; 

5    4    4   1 

4  11  10 

5    10 

-4 

5  17    8 

6    5    0 

4  16~  3 

4    7    6 

5  15    7 

+  H 

6    3    0 

4  14    4 

,, 

4    7    6} 

4    8    S   ! 

,, 

4    7    8 

B  12    0 

+A 

4  17    7 

4    9    7 

4  io   0 

4    0  10 

6    8    1 

4  19    0 

NU 

E  18    8 

La  PlataEleo.Trms.Ord, 

Do,    Pret 

Lisbon  Elec,  Trams,  Ord, 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%Deb 

Madras  Eleo,  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  .. 
Manaos  Trams  4  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec,  R,and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  0>m 

Do.    Gen.  Con,  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6%  Bonds 

Para  Elec,  Rlys,  4  Lt.,  Ord.     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    5%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W. A.)  Elec,  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  1st.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  4  8np,,  Pref. .. 

Do.    44%  1st  Deb 

Rio  de  Janeiro  Trams,  1st  Mort.  I 
6  %  Bonds  ] 

Do.    6  %  Mort,  Bonds 
Bao  Paolo  Tram,   Lt,  and  P,  I 
e  %  1st  Deb.  / 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb, 
Bontbem  El.  Tr,  B.A,,  6  %  Deb. 
Dn,  Elec,  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    B%  1st  Deb 

Winnipeg  Bleo.  RIy.,  44  %  Deb. 


1 

Nil 

1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

fit 

1 

6 

« 

100 

B 

100 

6 

100 

6 

•1000 

6 

tioo 

T 

It 

fi 

100 

A 

B 

10 

10 

B 

« 

100 

6 

1 

5 

54 

100 

6 

b 

6 

6 

6 

100 

4 

«4 

B 

6 

100 

5 

B 

•500 

E 

B 

100 

6 

B 

100 

6 

6 

6 

7 

fit 

E 

6 

6 

100 

6 

B 

100 

4 

«4 

1-  IJ 

92  —  97 
103  —105 
87  —  90 

97  —100 
109  — lU 

924—  944 

98  —101 
7  -  74 
*i-    53 

994-1014 

lA- U4 

105  —108 

^i-  3 

97  —  99 
10Ii-102i 

954-  964 
101  —103 
834-  874 
96  —  98 
6—64 
44-   58 

98  —101 

99  —109 


+  A 


+  1 

+  4 
-4 


+  4 


+  4 


MANIIFACTUKINe  COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pret 

Baboock  4  Wllooz 

Do.    Pref.  

British  Aluminium,  Ord, 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    B  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.     Deb,  Btk 

B.I.  A  Helsby  Cable 

Do,    Pref.  

Do.    Deb 

Briwib  ThomsonHooston,  Deb. 
British  Westingbonse,  Pret,    , . 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6%  Prior  Lien    ., 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do,    Pref 

Bmsh,  7%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     . . 

Do,     4i«.Deb 

Do.    44%  Second  .Deb. 
Ca'lender's  Cable    . 

Do,     Fref,  

Do,     Leb 

Caatnsr-EeUnei 

Do.    Deb 


1 

B 

fi 

fi 

as 

ifi 

6 

H 

Nil 

Nil 

fi 

100 

E 

B 

100 

6 

6 

6 

10 

1(1 

1        6 

6 

rt 

!     100 

*i 

*i 

100 

^. 

^ 

a 

^ 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

6 

1 

,, 

1 

9 

Nil 

Nil 

>   100 

B 

B 

100 

;   100 

8 

2 

E 

16 

lot 

fi 

fi 

6 

100 

44 

«4 

1 

90 

20 

100 

4 

44 

8jV-        8,,; 

li-  li 

1=    ^ 

93  —  R6 

84  —  87 

b|-  fil 

102  -J04 
96  —  98 
4-  J 
62  —  66 
'Ji  —101 

2/. -a/. 

4/6-*/- 
0-      i 
73  —  78 
88—48 
25  —  24 
11  —  11} 
4i-     fi 
98  —101 
814-    8H 
103-106 


8    0    0 

7    2    2 

— A 

4  16    8 

4    0    0 

5  17    2 

6    4    3 

6  U  11 

5  16  11 

4  16    0 

4    6    7 

4  11  10    : 

NU       ! 

6    1    8 

E  18  10    1 

NU        , 

NU 

NU        1 

6    8    3 

10    9    4    1 

16  13    4 

6    7    8 

4  17    7 

4    9    1 

B    6    8 

4     4  11 

Crnmpton  4  Co 

Do.     Deb 

Dick,  Eerr 

Do,     Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Edison  4  Bwan,  A,  £3  paid 

Do.    folly  paid  .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Do.    6  %  Becond  Deb, 
Electric  Constrnotlon    .. 

Do,    Pret 

Greenwood  4  Batley,  Pret, 

Do.    Deb... 
General  Electric,  0%  Pret. 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do,    Pref 

Do.     Deb 

India-Rubber,  Q,  4  T,     .. 

Do.    Pret. 
Telegraph  Constniotion.. 

Do.    Deb 

Willans  4  RoblnaOD 

Do,    Pref. 

Do.    Deb 


a 

Nil 

100 

6 

B 

1 

6 

Nil 

1 

6 

8 

100 

6 

N^ 

44 

6 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

6 

3 

'ih 

»i 

3 

7 

7 

10 

7 

7 

100 

B 

B 

10 

B 

C, 

100 

4 

4 

6 

16 

15 

6 
100 

8 

4I 

10 

74 

10 

B 

B 

13 

174 

20 

100 

4 

4 

1 

Nil 

E 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

Dnleaa  otherwise  stated,  aU  share   are  foUy  paid.       t  Interim  dividend.       t  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Eleqtrio  Railways. 


B«nk  raU  of  Discount  *i  per  c«nt.,  April  17th,  1913. 


Vol.  72.     No.  I.KIM,  Ai'itir, 


TIIR    EFiECTRTCATi    REVIEW. 


f;o9 


EXPORTS  AND  IMPORTS  OP  ELECTRICAL  GOODS  DURING  MARCH.  1913. 


Thk  March  roturnH  of  electrical  businoHB  which  wn  publiuh  horo- 
with,  exhibit  as  reprardH  the  exportw  record- break iii(f  fucuroH,  and 
B8  repardg  the  imports,  a  Hmall  increaBe  over  tho«e  of  the  prcviouH 
montli. 

Thutt,  the  exportH  during  March  reached  the  hiirhest  total  bo  far 
recorded  by  us,  viz.,  JEititl.HOH,  this  beinif  due,  however,  to  the 
inclusion  of  a  hu|iru  tolepfraphio  export  to  Ceylon  valued  at  over 
£150,000,  and  brinffinir  the  teletrraphic  export  for  the  month  up  to 
over  half  a  million  poundn  in  value. 

It  is  intercHtinir  to  note  that  the  hitrhest  export  value  previously 
recorded  by  us  was  approximately  £«74,000  in  March,  1910,  while 
in  March  last  year  a  total  of  some  £><21,0(10  was  recorded.  In  the 
case  of  this  month's  fitrures,  it  is  satisfactory  to  note  that  even 
excluding  the  large  telegraphic  total,  the  balance  representing  the 


usual  run  of  busiiieHs  iimoiiiit<;d  to  over  £48<i,0'('i  in  value  a  very 
high  total,  which  included  over  *1<',H,((00  worth  of  machinery, 
£9t;,i»00  worth  of  telephonic  material,  and  £'.M,00<)  worth  of  cable*, 
the  latter  siiction,  however,  comparing  with  some  £10*;, 000  worth 
in  the  previous  month,  and  showing  the  only  marked  decreane  a« 
compared  with  the  February  flgures. 

The  imports  reached  £2.'>H,  1 12  in  value,  an  compare<)  with  £2.'!ii,'i79 
in  the  previous  month,  increases  in  value  being  fairly  gcmeral  in 
all  sections  except  those  representing  glow  an.l  arc  lampn.  The 
re-exjiorts  at  £2H,72:J  were  fractionally  higher  than  in  February. 
Ceylon  naturally  heads  the  list  of  purchaw-rs  thi-i  month,  but  pro- 
bably of  more  general  interest  are  the  high  figures  recorded  for 
Argentina,  New  South  Wales,  Canada,  India,  .lapan,  ,tc.,  doe  to 
normal  trade. 


Se^stered  Exports  of  British  nnd  Irish  Electrical  Goods  from  the  Un 

Ited  Ki 

11 

si 

Df^doin. 

DestlDation  of  exports  and  country  consigning 
Imports, 

it 

II. 
*  u  a 

?2 

m 

1 

li 
1 

"1- 

S      . 

s  s 

111 
1    S 
3    " 

1       ot 

'   ■£.! 

Eg 

g    Q    « 

a  B 

1 
6 

III 
fsi 

0 

111 

Sf2g. 

1 

'~'k 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

{     £ 

'      £ 

£ 

A 

Russia,  Sweden,  Norway  and  Denmark      ... 

82  H 

... 

1( 

207 

40 

266 

6,72.-. 

1,281 

f 

72 

.H24 

354 

9,106 

Germany           ...         

1,714 

1,561 

35 

37 

623 

12 

3,001 

709 

139 

!      49  1          6 

3..V2X 

11,407 

Netherlands,  Java  &  Dutch  Indies 

1,038 

1,804 

228 

13 

36 

1 

1,360 

20( 

i          "* 

50 

4,177 

8,906 

Belgium            

1,954 

354 

183 

75 

185 

26 

2,088 

507 

n 

20 

1,309 

9 

6,721 

France  

JJ88 

3,589 

15 

18 

10,844 

15f. 

87 

381 

1!» 

16,169 

Portugal           

59 

*935 

33 

46 

91 

... 

366 

107 

1,626 

Spain,  Canary  Isles  and  Spanish  N.  Africa... 

2,002 

3,986 

68 

14 

... 

992 

4,367 

... 

... 

636 

401 

12,149 

Switzerland,  Italy  and  Austria-Hungary  ... 

678 

466 

125 

63 

6,019 

680 

a42 

620 

8,993 

Greece,  Roumania  and  Turkey          

208 

68 

129 

11 

60(' 

63 

62 

6,111 

7,231 

Channel  Isles,  Gibraltar,  Malta  and  Cyprus... 

197 

127 

32 

117 

71 

272 

120 

901 

249 

2,08<; 

U.S.A.,  Philippines  and  Cuba           

418 

226 

364 

175 

37 

583 

2 

... 

147 

1,9.52 

Canada  and  Newfoundland  ...          

756 

1,555 

1,279 

511 

13 

2,546 

13,507 

52 

1,784 

16 

20,335 

386 

12,740 

British  West  Indies,  British  Honduras  and 

British  Guiana        

337 

22 

221 

2V 

58 

293 

... 

111 

lb 

1,085 

Mexico  and  Central  America            

10 

"2? 

39 

38 

24 

63 

2 

... 

... 

199 

Peru  and  Uruguay      

143 

226 

112 

... 

590 

"u 

11 

32 

1,124 

Chile     

372 

1,8U 

1,670 

505 

480 

'      208 

.5,367 

268 

936 

126 

*i'i8 

5.524 

17,384 

Brazil 

547 

811 

1,643 

227 

151 

102 

5,089 

78( 

703 

6,428 

6,259 

22,740 

Argentina         

3,7. -)0 

20,507 

1,673 

619 

272 

471 

11,111 

3,934 

4,234 

1,564 

14,606 

823t 

70,977 

Colombia,  Venezuela  and  Bolivia     

357 

72 

23 

33 

... 

999 

125 

36 

18 

1,663 

Egypt,  Tunis,  Morocco  and  Persia 

399 

45 

96 

23 

15 

1,.589 

388 

197 

632 

569 

3,963 

British  West  Africa  and  Congo  Free  State 

188 

227 

562 

"11 

16 

55 

148 

... 

5 

12 

108 

1,322 

Rhodesia,  O.R.C.  and  Transvaal       

2,7?8 

780 

205 

1,137 

605 

4,919 

583 

1,029 

"s 

484 

302 

12,786 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

2,353 

3,787 

719 

1,072 

95 

463 

6,866 

680 

2,S9f 

5 

6,432 

4,284 

28,34  5 

Natal 

1,064 

9,999 

285 

378 

60 

5 

6,387 

... 

1,643 

... 

117 

867 

20,S05 

Zanzibar,  Brit.  E.  Africa,  Mauritius  &  Aden 

148 

76 

34 

163 

580 

537 

"70 

102 

... 

38 

189 

1,937 

Azores,  Madeira  and  Portuguese  Africa     ... 

106 

701 

222 

99 

733 

4,230 

25 

142 

6,258 

China  and  Siam          

1,374 

628    1,926 

1,180 

40 

2,759 

378 

202 

325 

8,811 

Japan  and  Korea         

637 

8,102       110 

39 

"35 

487 

14,117 

1,701 

2,490 

55 

71 

4,848 

32,i;!»2 

India     

4,125 

10,915    2,863 

2,139 

63 

1,601 

10,396 

3,851 

2,563 

466 

2,743 

84  ( 

42,555 

Ceylon 

73 

765         82 

41 

464 

1.715 

381 

163 

106 

454,156 

457,946 

Straits    Settlements,    Fed.     Malay    States, 

British  Borneo  and  Sarawak        

667 

2,1.34        124 

81 

28 

51 

1,014 

575 

56 

610 

.1,062 

6,402 

Hong  Kong      

390 

810i 

200 

128 

17 

10 

11(1 

37 

235 

187 

69 

2,193 

West  Australia            

512 

1,640 

53 

219 

25 

620 

241 

25 

49 

683 

4,067 

South  Australia           

796 

1,223' 

228 

199 

44 

844 

378 

497 

63 

90 

200 

4,552 

Victoria            

2,214 

4,51  s; 

829 

1,823 

18 

1,777 

7,718 

633 

1,747 

2,969 

709 

24,955 

New  South  Wales       

3,095 

2,10] 

490 

1,272 

97 

853 

17,696 

760 

1,593 

28 

36,968 

2,379 

67,332 

Queensland       

114  1 

l,400i 

91 

159 

81 

929 

135 

1 

2,90y 

Tasmania          

20 

"is 

385 

ISO 

... 

48 

...        1 

309 

957 

New  Zealand  and  Fiji  Islands         

1,185 

6,791 

'797 

361 

... 

475 

5,271 

830 

.1,002 

18  1 

396 

1 

1,842 

18,968 

Total,  £ 

38,439 

91,178 

21,02.-) 

13,462 

2,440 

14,355 

159,550 

19,390 

25,196 

3,196  ' 

96,134! 

509,038 

994,303 

Registered  Imports  into  the  United  Kingdom  of  Electrical  Goods  from  all  Countries. 


Russia,  Norway,  Sweden  and  Denmaxk 

Germany 

Holland  ...         ...         ... 

Belgium 

France 

Switzerland 

Italy    ■  

Austria-Hungary 
United  States  ... 
Canada 


Total,  £ 


160 

58 

? 

... 

4,473 

760 

516 

24 

10,216 

21,195 

1,763 

10,539 

6,951 

3,144 

73,028 

7,638 

2,239 

6,662 

30 

458 

944 

227 

7 

1,633 

4.718 

104 

120 

385 

8 

2,683 

43 

61 

40 

371 

1,000 

1,118 

776 

60( 

1,212 

1,032 

... 

297 

4,133 

187 

1,406 
4,085 

52 

3 

26 
14 

301 

469 

668 

... 

62 

94 

947 

302 

102 

*.. 

795 

34 

860 

4,762 

.549 

656 

14 

119 

83 

14,092 

25,520 

330 

27 

93 

... 

60 

... 

17,292 

34,060 

3,693 

12,270 

9,149 

4,748 

97,517 

33,961 

3,539 

11,847' 

6,825 

12,824 

7,864 

,151,239 

92 

1,758 

5,262 

16,057 

.3,849 

14,388 

2,.-.90 

85 

4.852 

•  .• 

3,040 

727 

46,879 

10 

163 

24,714  253,790 


Additional  imports  :  Spain,  carbon,  £622. 

Registered  Re-Exports  of  Foreign  and  Colonial  Electrical  Goods  from  the  United  Kingdom. 


Various  countries,  mainly  as  above 


11,857     1,364 


1,511 


610 


6,605 


159 


414 


1,203 


23,723 


Total  Expoets  :  £994,303.  Total  Re-Expobts  :  £23,723.  Total  Impohts:  £2.'>3,412. 

Note.— The  amounts  appearing  under  the  several  headings  are  classified  according  to  the  Customs  returns.  The  first  and 
third  columns  contain  many  amounts  relating  to  "  goods  "  otherwise  unclassified,  the  latter,  doubtless,  consisting  of  similar 
materials  to  tfaoee  appearing  in  adjacent  columns.  Imports  are  credited  to  the  country  whence  consigned,  which  lb  not  necesearily 
the  oonntry  of  origin. 


700 


THE 


IMPORT    TRADE    STATISTICS    OF 
SWITZERLAND. 


The  foUowinsr  fipnres  of  the  imports  of  electrical  and  similar  poods 
into  Switzerland  in  the  year  1911  are  taken  from  the  recently  issued 
official  trade  statistics  ;  the  fipnres  for  1910  are  added  for  purposes 
of  comparison,  and  notes  of  increases  or  decreases  are  give^. 
Attention  should  be  called  particularly  to  the  predominant  position 
of  German  trade  as  contrasted  with  the  practically  insigrnificant 
British  ehare  in  most  lines  : — 

1910.  1911.  Inc.  or  dec. 


Electric  cable  not  intvluted. — 
From  Oennany     ... 
„      France 
„      Other  countries     ... 


Francs. 

28,000 

14,000 

1.000 


Total        ...  43,000 

Electrir  cable  inxulatKl  witli  rubber 
or  paper. — 

From  Germany    109,000 

„      Great  Britain        ...  4,000 

„      Other  countries     ...  13,000 


France. 


28.000 
19.000 


47,000 


90,000 

5,000 

14,000 


17,000 


Total 
Cable  ditto  corered  tiitfi  lend. — 

From  Austria       

.,      Germany 

Total 


Cable  in.tvlated  with  rubber  or  paper  and 
corered  with  tejrtilef. — 

174.000 
12,000 


126,000         109,000 


43,000 
2,000 


17,000  4.'i,000 


From  Germany     

„      Other  countries     ... 

Total 
Cabh  ditto  corered  with  lead. — 
From  Germany     ... 

„      Other  countries     ... 

Total 
StMiii  hoilerx  of  iron  or  xtcel. — 

From  Germany    ... 
,,      France 

Belgium     

,.      Great  Britain 

„      Other  countries    ... 

Totel 

Dynamo-electric  machines  and 
electric  tranx/nrmert. — 

From  Germany 

„      France       

„      Italy  

„      Great  Britain 

„      Other  countries    ... 


192.000 
18.000 


67.000 


95,C00 
.=),000 


67,000         100,000 


1,563,000 

191,000 

15,000 

62,000 

23,000 


1,995,000 

177,000 

24.000 

31,000 

22,000 


1,106,000 

24.000 

57,000 

2,000 

27,000 


921,000 

38,000 

2.3,000 

3,000 

32,000 


Total        ...      1,216,000      1,017,000 
Steam  engine*,  locowohilex,  uteam  furlines,  <fec. — 


From  Germany 447,000 

.,      France        26.000 

Great  Britain        ...  41,000 

„      Other  countries    ...  7,000 

Total         ...  .521,000 
Gdx.  petrol,  benzine,  S'c,  motors. — 

From  Germany    188,000 

„      Franc?        199,000 

„      Italy           22.000 

„      Great  Britain        ...  28,000 

„      United  States        ...  3.3,000 

,,      Other  countries    ...  6,000 


228,000 

10,000 

65,000 

7.(00 


192,000 
180,000 
13  000 
1 7,000 
50.00(1 
15,000 


Total         ...         476,000 
Accvmulators,  batlericf,  electrodes, — 

From  Germany    186,000 

„      Austria       63,000 

„      France        35.000 

,,      Other  countries     ...  25,000 


196,000 
48,000 
37.000 
16,000 


Francs. 


+        5,000 
—        1,000 


ICAL    REVIEW. 

[Vol.72.     No 

1,848,  April 

2."), 

1913. 

1910. 

1911. 

Im 

.  or  dec. 

Electric  meters. — 

Francs. 

France. 

Francs. 

From  Germany     ... 
„      France 
„      Italy 
„      Great  Britain 
„      United  States 
„      Other  countries 

920,000 
66,000 
15,000 
16,000 
28,000 
6,000 

1,108,000 
67,000 
21,000 
10,000 
14,000 
20,000 

1,240,000 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

188,000 
2,000 
6.000 
6.000 
14,000 
14,000 

ToUl 

...      1,050,000 

190,000 

Telegraph  and  telephone  apparatus. — 

From  Germany     ... 
„      Beleium 
„      Great  Britain 
„      Sweden 
„      Other  countries 

368,000 
163,000 

58,000 
10000 

300,000 

165,000 

68,000 

20,000 

36,000 

+ 
+ 

+ 

6K,(K)0 
2,000 
68,000 
38,000 
26,000 

ToUl 

Insulators,  mounted.- — 

From  Germany     ... 
France 
Other  countries 

Total 


59,000 
3.000 
4,000 

66,000 


60,000 
.'l.OOO 
2.000 


4,000 


19,000 
1,000 
1,000 

17,000 


43,000 
1.5,000 

28,000 


18,000 
6,000 


186,000         210,000         +      24,000 


28,000 
5,000 


33,000 


+  432,000 

—  14,000 
+  9,000 

—  31,000 

—  1.000 


1,854,000      2,249,000         +    395,000 


—  18.5.000 
+  14,000 

—  ?4.000 
+  1,000 
+  .5,000 

—  199,000 


2l9.0fO 
16  COO 
14.000 


300,000         —    221  000 


4,000 
19,000 

9,000 
11,000 
1 7,000 

9,000 


467,000         —        9,000 


10,000 
5.f00 
2,000 
9,000 


299.000         297,000         —        2,000 


+         1,000 
—        2,000 


Total         ...         599,000 
Note. — 2.5  francs 


589,000        —      10,000 


=  £1. 


MUNICIPAL    ELECTRICITY    IN    SHANGHAI. 


66,000         —        1,000 


We  have  received  from  Mr.  T.  H.  U.  Aldridge,  the  electrical  engi- 
neer to  the  Shanghai  Municipal  Council,  an  interesting  report  on 
the  work  of  the  electricity  department  for  the  year  1912. 

From  this  it  appears  that  the  revenue  for  the  year  was  761,400 
taels  (tael  =  28.  6d.  approximately)  ;  the  balance  to  net  balance 
238,42.5  taels  ;  and  the  net  profit  t")2.318  taels,  after  allowing  a  sum 
of  50.000  taels  for  special  depreciation  on  the  Fearon  Road  gene- 
rating plant.  A  sum  of  24,476  taels  was  also  included  under  revenue 
payments,  being  expenditure  on  interest  and  salaries  in  respect  of 
capital  works  in  connection  with  the  new  Riverside  station,  which 
will  not  be  in  regular  use  for  some  months.  The  cost  of  the  Fearon 
Road  generating  station  is  to  be  written  off  during  the  next  seven 
years,  and  this  will,  of  course,  reduce  the  net  surplus  for  some  years 
to  come  ;  the  department  has,  moreover,  during  the  past  five  or  six 
years  reinvested  profits  to  the  extent  of  500,000  taels  in  the  pur- 
chase of  new  plant  and  is  in  a  strong  position  financially. 

To  turn  to  engineering  details,  the  plant  capacity  at  Fearon  Boad 
was  6,400  Kw.,  of  which  1,200  kw.  was  direct-current  plant  for 
traction  supply.  The  maximum  load  was  6.000  kv;.,  a  48  per  cent, 
increase  on  the  previous  year,  and  was  largely  due  to  the  great 
number  of  new  lighting  consumers,  mostly  Chinese,  connected 
during  the  year,  although,  of  course,  also  due  to  power  and  heating 
supplies  increasing. 

The  units  sold  and  accounted  for  were  12,130,537,  including 
nearly  5'.  million  for  private  lighting,  940,000  for  public  lighting, 
118,585  for  heating  and  cooking,  2,300,000  for  power,  and  2,860,000 
for  traction.  The  total  for  the  previous  year  was  8,300,000  units, 
and  the  estimated  total  for  the  present  year  is  20  million,  an 
enormous  jump  which  shows  plainly  the  astonishing  development 
in  electrical  matters  in  Shanghai. 

The  load  factor  was  23'5  per  cent.,  or  practically  unchanged  from 
the  previous  year,  and  the  coal  per  unit  sold  was  5  lb. 

The  new  Riverside  generating  station  will  be  brought  into  use 
during  the  year,  adding  some  4,000  kw.  of  plant  capacity  to  help 
the  estimated  maximum  load  of  8,300  KW.  next  winter. 

For  the  winter  of  1914  a  load  of  11,300  KW.  is  anticipated,  and  it 
\f.  therefore,  proposed  to  add,  this  year,  four  more  boilers,  two 
additional  5,000- Kw;  turbo-alternators,  and  additional  trunk  feeders 
between  the  new  and  old  stations. 

During  the  year  102  miles  of  overhead  cable  were  erected,  and 
13J  miles  of  three-phase  cable  laid  ;  nine  new  sub-stations  were 
built,  three  of  them  designed  to  accommodate  1,000  KW.  each,  and 
the  aggregate  transformer  capacity  installed  is  now  7,500  kw. 

The  public  lighting  now  includes  292  arc  and  833  metal-filament 
lamps',  the  latter  varying  from  60  to  400  o.p.  The  total  service 
connections  at  the  end  of  the  year  were  6,870,  2,200  being  added 
during  1912,  and  the  report  points  out  that  the  fact  that  lamp 
connections  show  an  increase  of  only  26  per  cent.,  is  an  indication 
that  electric  lighting  is  cheap  enough  in  Shanghai  now  to  attract 
the  poorer  class  of  Chinese  conpumer.  The  small  consumer  is 
relatively  profitable  in  Shanghai  owing  to  the  comparatively  cheap 
overhead  distribution  and  service  costs. 

Bearing  on  this  point  the  report  says: — "It  is  noteworthy  that 
a  large  class  of  consumer  which  is  now  being  secured  is  found 
amongst  those  who,  until  using  electricity,  have  been  lighting  their 
premises  with  oil  lamps."  "  The  transition  from  oil  to  electricity 
.  .  .  .  is  found  in  what  might  be  called  the  poorer  classes  of 
Chinese  shops  as  well  as  the  better  ones."  "  Electricity  as  an 
advertising  medium  is  at  last  being  fully  recognised  by  the  Chinese. 
.  .  .  .  "  Then,  again,  a  great  number  of  houses  in  native  alleys 
are  being  connected,  from  which  source  an  enormous  demand  for 
electricity  is  anticipated  in  the  rear  future.  ' 

Electric  heating  and  cooking  apparatus  are  hired  out  by  the 
department  at  a  small  monthly  rental,  and  in  this  direction  great 
progress  is  being  made,  the  year's  connections  amounting  to 
293  KW.,  bringing  the  total  connections  to  674  K^*. 

Naturally,  it  is  in  the  direction  of  power  supply  that  the  greatest 
progress  has  been  made,  and  the  report  adds,  "  It  is  nothing  to 
what  we  may  expect  within  the  next  few  years. 


m.  7«.  No.  i.«48,  knit  98, 1918.1        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


701 


"  jLlraody  In  Bhunirhiil  then  (i  a  vny  \wiga  fleld  for  th«  elaotrlS- 
cation  of  mllU  and  faotoriei  ....  and  there  U  every  likelihood  of 
larcre  milU  belnf;  eroote<l.  ,  .  ." 

Diirin(f  the  year,  1,264  ii.l".  of  motori  were  uldod,  maklnir  »  total 
of  H(t.'.  motorH  of  over  H.OOO  M.i'.  now  connected.  Many  of  the  older 
rice  millg  havo  nubstitutcd  electric  drivini;,  while  new  oneii  oom- 
mencc  by  invtallinir  the  electric  drive.  One  sub-Htatioii  already 
Rupplieii  over  600  HP.  for  this  purpose.  In  July  lant  a  cotton  mill 
containing;  10.000  spindlea  waB  connected  to  the  maiuH  and  is  elec- 
trically driven  throughout.  C'ontractB  have  been  Hipned  for  other 
cotton  mills  for  1,200  H.i'.,  and  neifotiationa  are  ponding  for  over 
2,600  II. P.  for  other  millH.  Indeed,  one  has  only  to  note  that  the 
power  units  increased  from  7»;0,0()0  in  1911  to  2,:t00,000  in  1912  to 
judife  of  the  developments  in  this  direction. 

The  report  also  refers  to  the  opportunity  for  introducing  the 
electric  vehicle  in  Shanfirhai,  to  which  Mr.  Aldridj^e  is  now  Kivinjf 
his  attention. 


0 

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PROCEEDINGS    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Electric  Supply  in  London. 

By  Frank  Bailey,  M.Inst.C.B. 

iAhstract  of  pajjer  read  hefore  the  SOCIETY  OF  ARTS,  April  9t!i, 

leis.) 

(Concluded  from  paqe  663.) 

We  have  now  dealt  with  the  electrical  supply  works,  and  may 
turn,  for  purposes  of  comparison,  to  the  other  supplies  of  public 
utility — gas  and  water. 

The  position  of  the  various  gasworks  and  distributing  centres  is 
shown  by  the  diagram.  The  position  of  the  gas  companies,  accord- 
ing to  Field's  analys-is  of  accounts  for  the  year  1911,  is  given 
below. 


Nominal 

Sale  of 

capital. 

gas, 
1,000  cb.  ft. 

Commercial  Co 

.      £2,606,06.-. 

£3,295,000 

Gas  Light  and  Coke  Co. 

.      29,154,146 

25,485,000 

South  Metropolitan  Co. 

8,325,340 

12,r,04,000 

South  Suburban  Co 

831,363 

l,4.'5o,000 

Wandsworth  and  Putney  Co.  . 

.■>48,2H2 

1,161,000 

£41,465,176        44,000,000 

All  these  companies  are  not  subject  to  any  powers  of  purchase, 
and  have  unlimited  tenure,  holding  a  practical  monopoly  in  their 
respective  districts,  but  under  terms  of  statutory  supervision  and 
limitation  of  dividends  by  the  operation  of  a  sliding  scale,  which 
form  the  most  ideal  protection  for  the  public  and  the  best  encourage- 
ment for  business  enterprise. 

The  supply  of  water  is  similarly  obtained  from  a  number  of 
sources,  and  distributed  from  many  reservoirs.  In  1904,  the  Metro- 
politan Water  Board  acquired  by  purchase  the  undertakings  of  the 


orliflnal  el(rht  wat«r  companiM  for  tb«  Rum  of  47|  million 
Ix>undR,  and  now  lupply  about  82,000,000  thouiiand  iralloni  pur 
annum. 

It  will  thua  Ijfl  m:o.r\  that  the  capital  e.xyn-nAi-d  ut  the  priii^niit  lime 
on  electrical  unilertakingN  Ik  approximately  one-half  of  that  i<p«-nt 
on  ifBM  and  water  rcHpeutively. 

The  Byatem  of  mains  adopted  throughout  London  in  one  of  the 
most  perfect  examples  to  be  found  in  any  city,  although  it  ii  not 
the  cheapest.  Lead-covered  (tabled,  insulat^-d  with  oilimprcgnat*^ 
paper,  are  generally  employed,  and  thene  cablen  of  which  there  in 
now  more  than  20  years'  experience— actually  improve  with  ago  ; 
BO  long  as  the  lead  covering  remainn  nndainai^ed.  there  uppx-jirn  to 
be  no  limit  to  the  useful  life  of  the  cable.  Dr.  Ferranti  wan  the 
first  advocate  and  maker  of  this  type  of  cable  iti  the  form  of  con- 
centric conductors,  and  thus  earned  the  title  of  the  pioneer  of 
electrical  transmission. 

The  brilliance  of  the  tungsten  lamp,  accompanied  by  the  low 
cost  of  obtaining  increased  candle-power,  has  rained  the  Htandard 
of  domestic  illumination  and  created  a  demand  for  more  light.  An 
electric  supply  is  now  essential  to  secure  the  greatest  convenience 
in  carrying  out  the  ordinary  domestic  work  of  the  home.     Electrio 


Units  sold  and  motor  h.p.  connected.  Maximum  load  curve. 

Shanghai  Electricity  Supply. 

In  conclusion,  we  reproduce  one  or  two  curves  which  speak 
volumes  for  the  great  progress  being  made  in  electricity  supply  in 
Shanghai  ;  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  this  state  of  affairs 
is  due  more  than  anything  to  the  enterprise  of  Mr.  Aldridge,  the 
Council's  electrical  engineer,  who,  despite  the  difficulty  of  location, 
has  succeeded  in  placing  this  Chinese  city  on  an  equal  footing  in 
electrical  matters  with  the  best  municipal  electrical  undertakings 
at  home. 


-Vi 


-\    V'': 


T~l 


"  Vv- 


l..^ 


Gas  Works  in  the  London  Area. 


radiators,  chiefly  of  the  luminous  type,  have  brought  comfort  to 
many  offices  in  the  City  of  London.  Electric  ozonisers  have  proved 
their  utility  in  purifying  bad  air  and  water.  The  electric  vehicle 
may  also  become  more  generally  used  in  this  country.  The  incresw- 
ing  use  of  the  electric  motor  for  all  purposes  is  a  convincing  proof 
of  its  advantages. 

The  following  details  taken   from   individual  typical  ezamplea 
may  be  interesting  : — 


Printing  (Newspaper)  ... 
„      (General) 

Box  makers        

Chemists... 

Brewers 

Paint  factory     

Soap  makers       

Glass       ,,  

Blouse    ,,  

Wood  wool  makers 
Packing  case    „ 

Tailors     

Biscuit  factory 

Confectioners     

Rubber  factory 

Sawmill  

Spice  factory       

Cabinet  maker 

Ironf  ounders      

Vinegar  brewery 

Marble  masons 

Tobacco  manufacturers 

Cold  store  

Flour  mills         

Ink         

The  average  cost  for  each  kilowatt  connected  in  the  repre- 
sentative cases  given  in  thi.-»  table  works  out  at  £2  158.  8d.  per 
annum,  or  per  horse-power,  say,  £2  Is.  r>d.  per  annum.  Had  this 
horse-power  been  obtained  from  the  old-fashioned  engine,  with  the 
losses  in  shafting,  belting,  and  steam  pipes,  starting  op  the  plant 
and  keeping  the  boilers  warm  all  night,  and  the  additional  labour 
required,  the  cost  would  have  been  from  £6  to  £8  per  annum,  with 
further  costs  for  continual  repairs  and  all  the  annoyance  of  running 
steam  plant  taking  up  more  room  than  it  was  worth. 

We  now  come  to  the  important  question  of  street  lighlirg.  The 
development  and  perfection  of  the  motor  vehicle  has  resulted  in  an 
increased  speed  of  street  traffic,  with  many  advantaj^res  though  with 
some  danger.  Quicker  transit  has  added  to  the  prosperity  of  those 
who  formerly  suffered  loss  of  time  by  blocks  in  the  traffic  ;  the 
delivery  of   goods  is   facilitated  :   and  the  expensive  widening  of 


Kilowatts 

Cost  of  supply 

oonneoted. 

per 

&I1I1UIX). 

1,036 

£1,812 

2     6 

56 

119 

7  11 

9 

80 

0  10 

92 

221 

11     4 

39 

153 

10     6 

108 

253 

2  11 

110 

68 

15     9 

18 

118 

16     0 

13 

89 

6     4 

166 

623 

8     6 

52 

214 

17  10 

63 

159 

15     5 

265 

419 

2    i; 

174 

569 

11     9 

222 

219 

16     5 

79 

302 

8     2 

69 

371 

4     4 

87 

302 

15     V! 

150 

877 

14     2 

15 

201 

14  10 

101 

294 

2     0 

22 

138 

3     5 

164 

922 

2     9 

51 

168 

15  11 

48 

235 

2  10 

702 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.72.  No.  i.sis,  apbil  2n,  1913. 


many  etreete  is  no  lonper  necessary,  aa  by  donblintr  the  speed  it 
follows  that  twice  the  amount  of  traffic  can  be  accommodated.  To 
maintain  Mfely  this  increased  speed  durinp  hours  of  darkness  a 
hieher  standard  of  artificial  illumination  has  become  necessary. 
A  motor  vehicle  approaching  at  a  speed  of  20  miles  an  hour  covers 
nearly  10  yards  in  one  second,  and.  travelling  without  noise,  leaves 
only  the  power  of  vision  to  protect  the  pedestrian.  The  adequate 
illumination  of  all  thoroughfares  will  redace  the  necessity  of 
each  vehicle  carrying:  a  searchlight  and  sidelights,  or  practically 
forming:  a  travellinfr  lijjhtbouse. 

The  electric  lisrhtinp  of  Cheapside  is,  like  that  of  many  of  the 
main  thoroufrhfares  in  the  City  of  London,  carried  out  by  flame  arc 
lamps,  centrally  suspended  from  steel  ropes  stretched  across  the 
street  and  placed  at  a  considerable  elevation  in  order  to  secure 
freedom  from  shadow  and  g-lare. 

Improved  street  lighting  is  receiving  consideration  by  the  various 
borough  councils  in  London,  and  their  engineers  and  surveyors 
have  recognised  the  value  of  better  illumination,  not  only  to  ensure 
the  safety  of  night  street  traffic,  but  also  to  improve  adjoining 
property  and  to  assist  the  police. 

The  London  County  Council  now  possess  powers  of  purchase  of 
the  company  undertakings  in  19H1.  and  after  that  date  at  recurring 
periods  of  10  years— with  the  exception  of  the  City  of  London 
where  the  Corporation  have  a  prior  right  which  expires  in  1914. 
The  terms  of  purchase  are  "  the  then  value  of  all  lands,  buildings, 
works,  materials  and  plant,  suitable  to  and  used  for  the  purposes 
of  the  undertaking,  provided  that  the  value  of  such  lands,  build- 
ings, works,  materials  and  plant  shall  be  deemed  to  be  their  fair 
market  value  at  the  time  of  the  purchase,  due  regard  being  had  to 
the  nature  and  then  condition  of  such  buildings,  works,  materials 
and  plant,  and  to  the  state  of  repair  thereof,  and  to  the  circom- 
Btance  that  they  are  in  such  a  position  as  to  be  ready  for  immediate 
working,  and  the  suitability  of  the  same  to  the  purposes  of  the 
undertaking  ....  but  without  any  addition  in  respect  of  com- 
pulsory purchase  or  of  goodwill." 

•  These  terms  were  practically  based  on  Sec.  4S  of  the  Tramways 
Act,  Iti'O,  and  evidently  provide  for  a  fair  market  price  for  an 
undertaking  in  working  order.  The  recent  award  in  the  arbitra- 
tion proceedings  to  ascertain  the  sum  to  be  paid  by  the  Post  Office 
for  the  acquisition  of  the  National  Telephone  Co.,  may  therefore  be 
referred  to  with  some  interest,  particularly  as  the  terms  of  pur- 
chase were  on  the  same  lines,  though  with  variations  much  in 
favour  of  the  electrical  supply  undertakings.  The  Telephone  Co. 
claimed  £18,.32.5,4.S.".,  were  awarded  £12,515.204  (subject  to  certain 
adjustments  which  are  at  the  moment  •■vh  j-udice),  and  had.  pro- 
vided reserve  funds  which  reduced  their  capital  expenditure  to 
£12,473.<i2r. 

The  total  capital  expended  by  all  the  companies  up  to  the  end  of 
1912  will  be  found  in  the  table  given  below,  under  the  various 
items  which  appear  in  the  standard  form  of  accounts. 

It  should  be  noted  that  the  Willesden  works  of  the  Metropolitan 
Electric  Supply  Co..  being  outside  the  boundary  of  the  County  of 
London,  are  not  subject  to  purchase  by  the  London  County  Council 

SiMM.utY  OF  Total  Capital  Expekditube  of  all  Electkic 
Supply  Companies  in  London,  1912. 


Amoant  expended, 

Dec.  SlBt,  1912. 

Land  and  buildings 

...      £3,102.555 

Plant  and  machinery 

3,935,310 

Tools  and  appliances 

40,124 

Accumulators 

123,908 

Transformers...         

539,531 

Mains 

5,349..S04 

Meters,  instruments,  ice. 

025,427 

Motors,  inc.,  on  hire 

93.274 

Public  lighting          

05,827 

Station  fittings,  ic 

28,195 

Offices  and  furniture,  kc.     ... 

42,423 

Distributing  stations 

113,607 

Wells  (artesian)          

6,530 

Preliminary  expenses 

487,181 

«U,613,196 

under  the  terms  as  quoted  above,  but  may  be  purchased  by  agree- 
ment. The  Bow  works  of  the  Charing  Cross  and  City  Co.  are 
also  subject  to  purchase  under  special  conditions. 

If  we  consider  that  money  has  to  be  found  by  the  companies  to 
provide  for  the  necessary  capital  outlay  required  to  develop  further 
such  an  important  industry,  and  that  the  Act  of  1908  authorises 
the  London  Council  to  advance  money  only  for  three  years  prior  to 
1931.  it  will  be  seen  that  for  the  next  15  years  the  interests  of 
Bhareholdere  will  require  close  attention,  and  that  works  of 
development  will  require  strict  economy,  coupled  with  immediate 
return  of  some  profit,  to  avoid  a  loss  of  capital  to  those  who  have 
encouragred  and  practically  founded  a  new  industry. 

As  regards  conditions  of  supply  and  rates  of  charge,  we  some- 
times hear  suggestions  that  other  cities  either  show  more  progress 
or  obtain  their  light  or  power  at  a  lowpr  cost. 

The  average  price  in  London  for  the  year  1910,  given  in  the 
■tatiatios  issued  by  the  London  County  Council,  was  S°42d.  per  unit 
for  lighting  and  llfld.  for  power,  or  a  genetai  average  of 
8'54d.  per  nnit.  Including  meter  rents. 

I  have  ascertained  from  Chicago  (population  2.250,000)  that  in 
the  year  1918  they  sold  141,752,000  units  for  lighting  at  an  average 
selling  price  of  6'8.S  cents,  say,  8d. ;  and  86,876,000  units  for  power 
at  an  average  price  of  S'88  cents,  say,  2d.  The  total  sale  of 
928,627,000  unite  gives  an  average  of,  say,  2'62d.  per  nnit 


In  the  case  of  Berlin  (population  2,072,000)  the  municipality 
granted  a  monopoly,  under  strict  control,  to  private  enterprise  on 
terms  of  paying  10  per  cent,  of  the  net  receipts,  to  be  increased  to 
25  per  cent,  when  the  dividend  exceeds  0  per  cent.  At  the  end  of 
30  years  from  the  date  of  the  concession  the  municipality  may 
purchase  the  undertaking  at  its  full  then  value,  but  without  good- 
will ;  and  terms  are  also  provided  for  earlier  determination  on 
payment  of  substantial  premiums  on  the  then  value.  The  four 
original  works — Markgrafenstrasse  (lst<5),  Mauerstrasse  (l^fii), 
Spandauerstrasse  (KsS'.i),  and  Schiffbauerdam  (1890)— were  limited 
by  an  agreement  to  an  output  of  about  21  000  KW.,  and  rapid 
development  compelled  the  erection  of  the  first  transmission  works 
at  Moabit.  followed  in  1899  by  the  Oberspree  power  houte,  which 
supply  many  of  the  suburbs  ;  and  in  1910  the  Ilummeleburg  works 
were  erected. 

The  rates  of  charge  in  Berlin  are : — For  lighting,  40  pfennige 
per  KW.-hour,  with  a  minimum  charge  of  100  KW. -hours  per 
annum,  say,  4'7d.  per  unit.  For  power,  10  pfennige,  with  a 
minimum  charge  of  400  Kw.-hours  per  annum,  say,  l'88d.  per 
unit.  In  addition,  there  are  charges  for  fixing  and  hire  of  meter 
and  for  the  cost  of  the  house  connection,  with  a  further  charge  for 
the  compulsory  inspection  of  wiring  at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent,  on 
the  actual  cost  of  the  installation.  The  tatal  sale  for  the  year 
year  1911-12  was  as  follows  : — 


Lighting  I. 
Power 
Railways  . 
Bulk 

Total 


I'tiitx. 

.54,260,000"! 
75,6.50,000  I 
69,850,000  ( 
23,610,000j 

223,370,000 


Maximum  dtmand, 
94,570  KW. 


Paris  (population  2,847,000)  commences  a  new  and  sole  concession 
on  January  1st,  1914,  to  the  Compagnie  Parisienne  de  Distribution 
d'Electricite,  under  interesting  conditions,  and  in  the  meantime  the 
six  old  companies  are  preparing  to  be  absorbed,  and  two  new  power 
works— one  of  50,000  kw.  at  St.  Ouen,  near  St.  Denis,  and  the 
other  of  25.000  kw.  at  the  Moulineaux — are  now  in  operation.  The 
conditions  include  payment  of  10  per  cent,  per  annum  of  gross 
receipts,  nominally  as  a  rental  for  the  portion  of  the  distributing 
system  which  now  belongs  to  the  municipality,  with  a  sliding  scale 
increasing  this  rent,  the  minimum  annual  payment  being  £1l'0,000. 
The  lease  terminates  in  1940,  when  all  property  will  be  taken  over 
by  the  municipality  without  payment,  and  power  is  reserved  to 
acquire  the  undertaking  in  1924  on  payment  of  the  balance  not 
then  provided  by  the  statutory  sinking  fund.  The  authorised 
rates  of  charge  are  4'8d.  per  nnit  for  lighting,  and  2"9d.  for 
power. 

The  experience  of  Buenos  .\yre8  is  interesting,  as  this  important 
town  of  1,500,000  inhabitants  was  formerly  supplied  by  a  number 
of  companies,  who  allowed  the  prosperity  following  their  pioneering 
work  to  fall  into  other  hands.  The  Allgemeine  Co.,  of  Berlin, 
assisted  by  the  Deutsche  Bank  and  the  Berliner  Handelgesellschaft, 
formed. the  German  Overseas  Electrical  Co.,  which  started  the 
Compania  Alemana  Transatlantica  de  Electricidad  in  189s,  and 
obtained  certain  rights  from  the  municipality  for  an  indefinite 
time  to  lay  electric  cables  throughout  an  important  district.  New 
works  in  the  Calle  Paraquay  of  about  5,000  kw.  were  started  in 
1899  ;  and  the  next  year  the  Cia.  Generale  d'Electricite  were 
absorbed,  to  be  followed  by  the  River  Plate  Co. ;  the  Boca  works  of 
the  Anglo- Argentine  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.  ;  the  Edison  works  of  the 
Primitiva  Gas  Co.  ;  and,  finally,  in  1905,  the  works  of  the  Cia.  de 
Traccion  y  Electricidad  '"La  Capital "  were  taken  over.  The  Boca 
works  were  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  steam  turbines  to  a  totsl 
capacity  of  30,000  KW. ;  and  in  1910  a  large  power  house  at  Deck 
Sud  was  completed,  and  now  contributes  a  total  capacity  of 
40.000  KW.,  with  further  extensions  in  hand.  It  is  probable  that 
the  value  of  the  shares  in  the  old  undertakings  was  not  realised 
until  control  had  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  exploiting  company, 
and  by  adopting  steam  turbines  the  undertaking  was  soon 
prosperous.  The  terms  of  the  concession  provide  for  repayment  of 
capital  by  the  municipality  less  an  allowance  for  depreciation,  and 
this  accounts  for  the  fact  that  much  of  the  old  plant  is  still  visible, 
and  it  may  also  lead  to  a  renewal  of  the  lease  rather  than  to 
acquisition  by  the  municipality  on  such  onerous  terms. 

We  can  now  see  that  no  large  city  in  other  countries  entrusts  its 
electrical  supply  to  municipal  enterprise,  and  debates  on  the  subject 
in  various  languages  always  repeat  the  arguments  with  which  we 
are  familiar.  The  final  question  of  municipal  trading  versus  con- 
trolled monopoly  has  been  settled  with  advantage  to  the  various 
municipalities,  by  allowing  them  some  return  on  the  profits ;  by 
limitation  of  dividends  on  a  sliding  scale,  in  which  the  consumer 
benefits  ;  and  by  conditions  of  tenure. 

The  present  and  future  prospects  of  the  company  undertakings  in 
London  provide  some  possibility  of  undesirable  speculation ;  the 
uncertainty  of  a  purchase  clause  may  encourage  pessimist  rumours 
to  depress  the  property,  to  be  followed  by  equally  good  reasons  for 
a  convincing  boom  to  the  delight  of  the  speculator.  We  have  seen 
the  interpretation  of  a  similar,  though  weaker,  purchase  claufe, 
and  shareholders  may  be  well  advised  to  remember  Buenos  Ayrer, 
and  to  place  some  confidence  in  the  juBtice  of  the  ultimate 
arbitrator. 

The  local  authority  undertakings  in  London  have  overcome  many 
of  the  dlfflculties  thrust  upon  them.  Losses  are  met  by  special 
levies  included  in  the  rates,  and  profits  provide  some  controversy  aa 
to  their  disposal.  Contracting  work,  such  as  wiring  buildings, 
&c.,  is  objected  to  by  the  trade,  and  the  expenses  of  advertising  are 
not  always  allowed  by  the  authorities.  The  technical  and  other 
officers  work  under    the    disadvantafre    of    continual    change  in 


Vol.72.  No.  i.HiH.  APBiLiir,,  1913.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    RRYiiWV. 


708 


mimiiiintratioii  ;  but,  in  Mpito  of  (iillicultit'H  of  all  kiml^,  llui  t'lt''> 
trioal  onifiiuu^rM  of  the  lJoroii({h  Counciln  havi' (general ly  not  only 
niailo  tliuir  plant  work,  but  have  obtained  the  thankH  of  their 
cuHloiuerH,  croilit  for  theniHclveit,  and  Hp))rouiati()n  from  thoir 
Counoilii,  although  the  latter  iH  not  alwayH(!xpreHH«d  inaconvincinf; 
manner.  ' 

In  concluHion,  may  I  bo  allowed  to  expresH  a  hope  that  the  next 
paper  on  the  subjoot— to  bo  read,  Hay,  2(»  years  hence  -will  prove 
that  the  aub»taiitial  proffrcMM  made  up  to  the  preHcnt  time  waw  a 
HUre  indication  of  further  (jreat  dovelopmentH  and  the  more  exten- 
sive use  of  electrical  supply.  The  dilBculties  of  the  past  few  years 
have  created  an  army  of  Hkillcd  enpfineeri",  who  have  developed 
powers  of  resouroe,  and  the  ability  to  look  ahead  ;  and,  as  they  are 
mostly  still  yountf,  they  will,  I  hope,  live  to  realise  that  they 
assisted  to  create  an  industry  which,  while  increasinpf  the  luxury  of 
the  rich,  reduces  the  poverty  of  the  poor,  and  brinjjs  prosperity  to 
the  nation. 


The  CiiAiUMAN  (Mr.  A.  A.  (Campbell  Swinton)  opened  the  dis- 
cussion by  comnientinff  upon  the  interesting;-  and  exhaustive 
character  of  the  paper.  There  could  be  no  doubt  that  the  author 
was,  of  all  men,  best  equipped  for  writinjc  such  a  paper.  The 
speaker  recalled  that  in  1887,  when  he  first  came  to  London,  he 
met  the  author  for  the  first  time  ;  the  author  was  at  that  time 
putting  up  an  underground  generating^  station  just  outside  White- 
hall Court,  which  was  now,  he  believed,  used  as  a  sub-station. 
Since  that  date  Mr.  Bailey  had  been  continuously  in  the  electric 
supply  industry  of  London,  and  was  the  first  station  engineer  to 
apply  steam  turbines,  showing  admirable  courage  in  so  doing.  The 
speaker  had  had  considerable  experience  of  steam  turbines — an 
experience  which,  in  fact,  antedated  the  time  referred  to.  He 
believed  that  the  first  steam  turbines  used  in  London,  which  still 
existed,  although  no  longer  in  use,  were  two  very  small  turbines 
employed  in  connection  with  the  lighting  of  Lincoln's  Inn  Hall. 
In  May,  1890,  there  had  been  installed  under  the  speaker's  super- 
vision, some  steam  turbines  for  supplying  electricity  to  New 
Scotland  Yard,  and  these  turbiues  were  still  at  work,  and  the 
entire  lighting  and  power — a  considerable  amount  of  printing  and 
other  work  was  carried  on  there — were  supplied  by  these  radial 
flow  turbines,  which  had  been  running  for  23  years.  One  of  these 
turbines  had  been  opened  up  last  year,  and  despite  the  fact  that  its 
interior  had  not  been  inspected  for  10  years,  nothing  was  amiss, 
and  it  was  put  together  again.  Turning  to  the  future  of  so  great 
an  industry,  the  aspect  of  affairs,  was  not  without  seriousness. 
What  would  happen,  he  would  ask,  for  some  years  before  the 
London  County  Council  made  the  contemplated  purchase  l  There 
'would  probably  be  great  difficulty  in  finding  capital,  towards  the 
close  of  the  present  companies'  period  of  holding,  for  extensions  ; 
that  was  one  of  the  evils  of  eventual  municipal  purchase  upon  the 
terms  arranged  for  in  the  Electric  Lighting  Act.  People  would 
cease  to  find  money  for  investment  in  a  concern  liable  to  be  bought 
up  at  a  very  low  price  within  a  few  years,  and,  in  the  speaker's 
opinion,  the  last  Electric  Lighting  Act  had  not  adequately  provided 
for  the  difficulty  which  would  arise  in  a  few  years'  time. 

Me.  W.  M.  Mokdey  congratulated  the  author  upon  having  given 
a  second  paper  after  a  lapse  of  some  23  years,  and  hoped  that,  at 
the  end  of  a  similar  period,  he  would  give  the  survivors  of  the 
present  audience  the  third  paper  to  which  he  had  referred. 

Me.  James  H.  Rosenthal  said  it  was  stated  in  the  paper  that 
the  Babcock  Co.  had  done  much  service  in  perfecting  the  chain- 
grate  stoker,  to  which  he  would  add  that  Mr.  Bailey  had  himself 
contributed  quite  as  largely  to  the  development  of  that  detail.  He 
had  had  experience  in  foreign  stations,  municipal  and  other,  nearly 
all  over  the  world,  and  he  did  not  consider  that  municipal  stations 
were  in  any  way  better  than  those  managed  by  companies.  Probably 
municipalities  would  find  it  no  less  difficult  than  companies  to  raise 
money,  for  which  reason  he  doubted  whether  the  County  Council 
would  take  advanage  of  their  purchasing  powers. 

Mb.  W.  C.  p.  Tapper  said  that  the  author  of  the  paper  had 
been  chairman  of  a  Committee  of  Engineers  representing  both 
companies  and  local  authorities,  appointed  to  consider  the  question 
of  the  future  supply  of  London  and  to  report  on  the  matter.  Of 
this  Committee  the  speaker  had  been  a  member.  He  approved  of 
the  principle  of  central  control,  which  must  take  place  sooner  or 
later.  Whether,  however,  that  central  control  would  be  effected 
by  the  London  County  Council  or  by  some  large  company,  he  could 
not  say.  One  difficulty  would  arise  from  the  fact  that  the  London 
County  Council,  although  able  to  take  over  the  complete  systems  of 
the  companies,  could  not  take  over  those  of  the  local  authorities  ; 
neither  could  any  single  large  company  do  this.  Assuming,  more- 
over, that  legal  difBculties  were  removed,  it  would  seem  that  the 
first  matter  to  be  settled  would  be  the  requisite  standardisation  of 
the  system  of  generation.  He  thought  it  likely  that  a  three-phace 
50-period  system  at  6,000  volts  pressure  would  be  adopted  by  reason 
of  its  convenience  for  generating  direct  current,  while  should 
higher  voltages  be  required  for  long  distances,  step-up  ttansformers 
could  be  resorted  to.  He  did  not  agree  with  the  view  that  the 
whole  of  the  S8  stations  should  be  further  developed.  A  good 
many  of  the  existing  stations  bad  water  facilities,  in  the  way  of 
canal  or  river,  and  might  be  developed  up  to  their  economical 
limitB,  When  these  were  fully  occupied,  six  or  peven  of  the  better, 
pieced  etations  Bhould  be  selected  for  further  development. 
Extenaibn  should  then  be  confined  to  such  stationn,  the  r<  mainder 
gradually  becoming  distributing  stations.  The  steam  plant  of 
existing  stations  could  be  run  at  peak  load  until  such  time  as  it 
paid  to  scrap  it.  Such  an  arrangement  would  serve  for  many  years 
to  come,  and  could  be  easily  handled  by  a  central  authority.  The 
question  of  purchase  should  be  of  interest  to  the  consuming  public 
as  well  as  to  supply  engineers.     The  case  of  the  Water  Board,  how- 


ever, showed  Ihiil,  piililii:  iuU-rnnl  wn/i  Moini-liintH  arouiuxl  tr  '-  '■ 
When  the  Act  iiDnstitutiiig  thi;  Wnt<;r  Kourd  wan  andcr  i:i,i 
lion  the  conHuiiiing  public  t^)ok  v(^ry  littlo  inU^riwt  in  the  n 
with  very  unfortunnt«  rtMultn.  The  piircliBui!  pri"«)  in  Ihi-  '  :i<-  '-f 
the  Watiir  Board  waH  too  high,  and  a  Hiinilar  danger  was  likdy  to 
exist  with  regard  to  the  ele<;trio  niipply  induntry  in  I'.'.tl.  It  wan 
very  important  that  considuration  Hhould  be  given  to  the  payment 
of  a  ruuHonablf;  piirchasn  price  at  tho  proper  time.  From  the 
tables  given  by  thi;  autlior,  it  appesred  that  the  price  charg»td  by 
local  authorities  was  hy^  than  in  the  cai-e  of  companieti  ;  that 
should  in  no  way  discredit  the  companies,  as  these  had  done  all  the 
pioneer  work. 

Mit.  Lico.N  (Ja.stkk  said  that  the  future  prosperity  of  electric 
lighting  was  bound  up  with  the  study  of  scientific  methodH  of 
illumination,  and  considerable  progrecs  was  now  being  made.  He 
had  recently  visited  many  of  the  chief  Continental  and  American 
cities,  and  he  believed  that  if  the  lighting  of  the  City  were  com- 
pleted on  the  present  lines  it  need  not  fear  comparison  with  any  of 
them. 

Mk.  a.  II.  L.\w  said  that  Sir  Charles  Parsons  had  always  appre- 
ciated the  enterprise  displayed  by  "tlr.  Bailey  at  the  time  when  the 
first  steam  turV)me  was  installed  at  Manchester  Square  ;  without 
that  enterprise,  the  progress  of  the  steam  turbine  might  well  have 
been  delayed.  With  regard  to  the  power  supply  of  London  even  if 
concentration  were  not  advisable,  some  form  of  commnnication 
would  appear  to  be  useful,  so  as  to  enable  the  different  companies 
to  keep  down  their  capital  cost.  lie  believed  that  some  such  idea 
occupied  Mr.  liailey's  mind  when  he  installed  the  singlc-phaee  100- 
period  alternators,  as  he  had  then  requested  the  designers  to  con- 
sider the  possibility  of  future  adaptation  to  three-phase  .00-period 
work. 

Mr.  G.  W.  Mascoro  anticipated  that  within  the  next  20  years  the 
supply  of  electricity  and  its  application  in  workshops,  \c.,  would 
be  trebled.  As  an  illustration  of  the  advantage  of  electricity  over 
steam,  he  would  say  that,  in  changing  from  steam  to  electric  power, 
there  had  been  a  saving  of  3.5  per  cent,  in  expenditure.  The  old 
steam  engine  had  been  replaced  by  a  large  motor,  but  in  the  first 
stage  it  had  been  necessary  to  couple  the  motor  to  the  existing 
shafting,  and  it  was  found  that  the  energy  absorbed  by  the 
shafting  and  belting  was  about  35  per  cent,  of  the  whole.  The 
displacement  of  boilers  and  engines  added  50  per  cent,  to  the  pro- 
ductive plant. 

Me.  Bailey,  in  reply,  said  it  had  been  a  source  of  satisfaction  to 
him  to  be  able  to  bring  up  to  date  the  figures  which  he  had  given 
23  years  ago. 


Standard  Clauses  for  Street  Lighting  Specifications. 

By  A.  P.  Tbottee. 

{Abstract    of  paper  proxenteil  at    a   meetiv;/    of  the   ILLUMINATISC 
Engineering  Society  o«  April  loth,  1913.) 

A  Joint  Committee  consisting  of  members  of  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  Eiigineers,  the  Institution  of  Gas  Engineers,  the  Institu- 
tion of  Municipal  and  County  Engineers  and  the  Illuminating 
Engineering  Society  in  1911  commenced  the  consideration  of  a 
draft  specification  for  street  lighting,  and  it  was  provisionally 
agreed  that  the  specification  should  be  based  on  illumination,  the 
standard  of  comparison  to  be  the  minimum  horizontal  illnmination 
at  a  height  of  3  ft.  3  in.  above  the  ground  level.  Several  members 
of  the  Committee  objected  to  the  choice  of  illumination  instead  cf 
candle-power,  and  it  was  agreed  that  the  present  author  shon'd 
prepare  a  statement  supporting  the  former,  while  Mr.  H.  T 
Harrison  should  prepare  a  statement  of  objection  to  it.  An  attempt 
will  be  made  to  present  and  to  amplify  the  two  statements  and 
to  discuss  the  general  subject  in  as  impartial  a  manner  as  possible. 

During  the  last  few  years,  a  real  necessity  for  better  street  light- 
ing has  arisen,  owing  to  the  increasing  speed  of  motor  trafiSc. 
Neither  the  gas  nor  the  electrical  engineer  is  afraid  of  competition  ; 
on  the  contrary,  they  thrive  on  it,  and  the  public  gains  more  than 
anybody. 

Illumination  depends  on  the  quantity  of  light  falling  on  or 
received  by  a  surface.  It  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  colour  or 
reflecting  power  of  a  surface.  A  surface  facing  a  source  of  light  of 
1  c.P.  and  at  a  distance  of  1  ft.  from  it,  or  16  o.p.  at  4  ft.,  or  100  c. p. 
at  10  ft.,  receives  unit  illumination,  and  this  is  called  1  foot-candle. 

The  brightness  of  an  unpolished  surface  depends  on  two  factors 
— the  illumination,  and  the  proportion  of  light  which  the  surface 
can  reflect.  A  daik  grey  surface  reflecting  5  per  cent,  of  the  light 
falling  on  it  may  have  exactly  the  same  appearance  as  a  pale-grey 
surface  reflecting  25  per  cent,  if  the  former  receives  five  times  as 
much  illumination  as  the  latter.  The  quality  called  brightness  (or 
surface-brightness,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  intrinsic  brightness  of 
a  self-luminous  or  translucent  body)  is,  therefore,  a  product  of  the 
two  factors  illumination  and  the  coefficient  of  diffused  reflection. 

If  the  illumination  is  up  to  a  certain  specified  standard,  it  does 
not  concern  the  public  whether  it  is  produced  by  a  few  lamps  of 
large  candle-power  or  by  more  lamps  of  less  candle-power,  or 
whether  tall  or  shorter  posts  are  used,  within  certain  limits.  The 
lamps  must,  of  course,  be  so  arranged  that  they  are  free  from  glajre, 
and  must  be  placed  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  surveyor,  so  that  they 
do  not  interfere  with  the  traflBo  or  with  the  amenities. 

One  of  the  obiectione,  from  a  contractor's  point  of  view,  to  the 
illumination  basis  of  a  specification  is  that  it  gives  him  some  trouble 
in  calculating  and  designing  the  scheme.  He  consideri  that,  so 
long  as  the  lamps  give  the  specified  candle-power,  his  responsibilities 
should  end  there,  and  the  purchaser  must  arrange  the  lighting  to 
suit  the  needs  of  the  case. 

On  the  other  side  is  the  municipal  or  county  engineer  or  sniveyor 


704 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.        LVoi.  7«.  ko.  i,848,  kmi.  sc,  isis, 


Experlenoed  men  of  tbla  profeetlon  have  itudled  the  caeds  of  their 
dietriot,  know  what  the  oontractors  can  provide,  and  understand 
how  to  use  it  when  they  have  got  it.  But  we  find  that  while  each 
man  knows  his  own  job,  he  sometimes  has  a  difficulty  in  appreoiatint/ 
the  needs  of  a  totally  different  district,  and  cannot  generalise,  or 
even  explain  the  principles  on  which  he  successfully  designs  his 
street  lighting. 

It  seems  better  that  the  lighting  authorities  should  settle  what 
it  is  they  want  to  buy,  and,  having  specified  it,  leave  details  to 
the  competitive  skill  and  wider  experience  of  contractors.  What, 
then, are  these  authorities  "out  to  buy  "  /  Not  lamps,  not  candle- 
power,  but  illumination.  So  long  as  there  is  as  high  illumination 
in  the  main  streets  as  the  town  can  afford,  and  as  much  in  the  side 
streets  as  the  ratepayers  desire,  candle-power  jjrr  sr  does  not  concern 
them,  and  need  not  greatly  trouble  their  engineers  or  surveyors. 

Another  objection  to  the  illumination  basis  arises  from  the 
impression  that  it  is  easier  to  measure  candle-power  than  illumina- 
tion. The  draft  specification  which  will  be  found  in  Appendix  A 
recognises  several  classes  of  illumination,  the  lowest  having  a  mini- 
mum of  001  foot-candle  on  a  horizontal  plane  3  ft.  S  in.  above  the 
ground.  While  these  classes  are  of  importance  so  far  as  quality  is 
concerned,  they  cover  only  about  20  per  cent,  of  the  street  lighting 
of  this  country.  It  is  proposed  that  the  balance  of  80  per  cent, 
shall  be  measured  by  candle-power.  The  most  enthusiastic  sup- 
porters of  the  illumination  basis  agree  that  there  are  instrumental 
difficulties  in  measuring  very  low  illuminations. 

There  is  also  an  instrumental  difficulty  in  measuring  illumination 
which  falls  on  a  horizontal  screen  at  a  large  angle  of  incidence. 
The  draft  specification  does  not  provide  that  the  screen  shall  be 
horizontal.  If  desired,  it  can  be  inclined  to  face  any  lamp,  or, 
in  other  words,  to  receive  the  direct  ray  at  zero  angle  of  incidence. 

In  the  case  of  that  class  of  street  lighting  which  constitutes  by 
far  the  largest  proportion,  and  particularly  in  the  extreme  case 
such  as  the  lighting  of  a  country  road,  the  lamps  serve  mainly  as 
beacons.  The  illumination  on  the  ground  or  on  any  other  surface 
is  only  useful  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  each  lamp. 
Candle-power  is  obviously,  then,  the  basis.  It  is  an  advantage  that 
the  light  shall  be  thrown  to  a  distance,  and  it  is  therefore  proposed 
that  the  candle-power  shall  be  measured  in  the  direction  of  the 
thoroughfare,  at  an  angle  of  10°  below  the  horizontal.  This  means 
that  the  ray  strikes  the  ground  at  a  distance  from  the  pof  t  measured 
along  the  street  5't;7  times  the  height  of  the  lamp.  As  it  is  con- 
venient to  make  the  measurement  at  3  ft.  or  4  ft.  from  the  ground, 
this  must  be  subtracted  from  the  height  of  the  lamp.  With  a 
20-c.P.  lamp  12  ft.  high,  a  photcmeter  4  ft.  high  wiU  receive  the 
10°  ray  if  it  is  placed  4.5  ft.  4J  in.  from  the  jiost.  The  illumination 
on  a  photometer  screen  facing  the  lamp  will  be  0'0094  foot-candle. 
For  the  more  brilliant,  though  less  frequent  classes  of  lighting, 
where  there  is  no  diflSculty  in  measuring  the  illumination  pro- 
duced, there  are  several  reasons  for  adopting  this  as  a  basis  instead 
of  candle-power.  The  first  one  has  already  been  mentioned.  The 
public  wants  light,  not  lamps.  Another  reason  is  that  this  allows 
the  fullest  scope  for  invention,  economical  spacing,  and  minimum 
cost.  A  third  is  that  if  more  that  three  or  four  lamps  contribute 
the  lighting  of  any  part  of  a  street,  the  refvltiny  effect  cannot  be 
obtained  by  measuring  the  candle-power  of  each  lamp  from  that 
position.  The  addition  of  these  candle-powers  gives  no  indication 
of  the  lighting  of  the  spot  in  question,  unless  it  is  reduced  by 
calculation  to  the  resulting  illumination.  Nor  does  the  measure- 
ment of  the  illumination  on  a  screen  facing  each  lamp  in  turn 
help  matters,  since  it  never  faces  them  all  at  the  same  time.  But  if  a 
horizontal  screen  is  set  up  at  this  spot  it  receives  illumination  from 
each  lamp,  and  the  illuminations  are  automatically  added  together, 
and  may  be  measured  simultaneously. 

The  two  advantages  of  the  horizontal  plane  are  that :  (1)  if  the 
illumination  on  it  is  snfBcient,  that  on  the  other  planes  must  be 
better  ;  and  (2)  the  illuminations  received  from  all  neighbouring 
lights  add  themselves  together  and  give  one  single  quantity  which 
may  be  measured  by  one  single  observation.  The  economy  of  time 
and  saving  of  calculation  is  enormous. 

When  the  lighting  of  a  street  is  judged,  as  the  specification 
recommends,  by  the  minimum  illumination,  the  labour  is  again 
largely  reduced.  It  is  found  in  practice  that  it  is  very  ea.«y  to  find 
the  minimum  illumination,  and  this  extends  over  a  considerable 
area. 

An  objection  to  the  horizontal  plane  meafrurement  is  that  it  takes 
account  of  rt fleeted  light  from  buildings.  Experiment  shows  that 
in  ordinary  West  End  London  streets,  with  painted  stucco,  the 
difference,  as  measured  on  the  phot<  meter,  is  extremely  small,  and 
is  generally  beycnd  the  practical  limits  of  error. 

Reflected  light  from  the  tky  isof  greater  importance.  This  must 
be  reckoned  with  in  accurate  candle-power  photometry  by  narrowing 
the  field  of  view,  and  it  is  one  of  the  reasons  why  illumination 
photometry  must  give  place  to  candle-power  measurements  when 
the  light  is  feeble. 

For  these  and  other  reasons  a  cont-iderable  majority  of  those  who 
have  given  attention  to  this  matter  agree  that  the  illumination 
received  on  a  horizontal  plane  is  the  best  measure  of  the  lighting 
of  a  street. 

A  photometer  for  use  in  a  test-room  may  be  graduated  directly 
in  candle-power,  but  an  instrument  to  be  uffd  in  the  streets  at 
various  distances  from  the  source  of  light  must  be  graduated  in 
foot  candles.  The  reading,  multiplied  by  the  square  of  the  dis- 
tance in  feet,  gives  the  candle-power. 

Take  a  case  from  the  table  in  Appendix  A  :  A  lamp  12  ft.  high, 
the  photometer  set  up  3  ft.  3  in.  from  the  ground,  and  50  ft.  from 
the  lamp-post  (fig.  1).  As  we  do  not  want  to  know  the  actual 
distance  of  the  lamp  frcm  the  photometer,  but  the  square  of  that 
distance,  we  take  (12  —  3'26y  -K  50'^  =  2,577.  Let  the  illumina- 
tion measured  on  the  photometer  screen  directly  facing  the  light 


be   0'029  foot-eandle.      Then  the  eandle-power  of   the  lamp   li 
0029  X  2,577  »  75. 

The  illumination  which  would  be  received  on  a  horieontal  screen 
is  less  than  0'029  in  the  same  proportion  that  the  height  of  the 
lamp  Is  less  than  the  slant  distance  from  the  lamp  to  the  screen. 
The  slant  distance,  the  square  root  of  2,577,  is  5077.  The  ratio 
875  :  5077  is  0'172.^,  and  this,  multiplied  by  0'029,  islO'OOS,  the 


..--*< 


Flo.  1. 


illumination  required.  Or  the  angle  of  incidence  may  be  calculated 
or  measured.  It  is  easier  to  measure  it  to  I'than  to  level  the 
photometer  to  that  accuracy.  To  calculate  it,  find  the  tangent. 
This  is  the  ratio  of  the  horizontal  distance  to  the  height ;  ,50/8  75 
=  571.  The  angle  is  about  80\  and  the  tables  give  the  cosine 
0'1725,  the  ratio  required.  Another  lamp  50  ft.  away  doubles  the 
illumination,  makin^r  001,  for  which  the  table  is  calculated. 

This  is  a  case  in  which  the  illumination  on  the  horizontal  plane 
would  be  difficult  to  measure  with  some  photometers  if  there  were 
only  one  lamp,  on  account  of  the  feeble  illumination,  0005,  and  the 
large  angle  of  incidence  ;  an  error  of  1°  makes  10  per  cent,  differ- 
ence at  this  angle.  But  when  the  illumination  received  at  the 
midway  point  from  the  two  lamps  is  measured,  the  reading  001 
should  give  no  difficulty,  and  a  slight  inclination  of  the  photometer 
towards  one  lamp  is  balanced  by  its  inclination  away  from  the 
other.  Some  calculation  is  needed  to  find  the  candle-power,  more 
is  required  to  deduce  the  illumination  from  it,  but  none  whatever 
is  necessary  if  the  illumination  is  measured  directly  on  a  horizontal 
screen. 

Assuming,  then,  that  for  the  higher  classes  of  street  lighting  the 
illumination  received  on  a  horizontal  plane  3  ft.  3  in.  above  the 
ground  is  to  be  the  basis  of  the  estimation  of  the  lighting,  we  have 
to  consider  how  this  has  to  be  treated. 

In  all  these  classes  some  attempt  is  made  towards  uniform  dis- 
tribution. The  mean  value  suggests  itself  as  the  one  to  be  con- 
sidered, but  if  this  is  investigated  it  will  be  found  to  involve  a 
considerable  amount  of  calculation. 


Fir,.  2.— Pabt  or  St.  James's  Square. 


A  little  consideration  shows  that,  while  the  mean  illumination 
of  a  street  may  be  up  to  a  reasonable  standard,  it  may  have  alterna- 
tions of  dazzling  brilliance  and  diemal  darkness.  This  proposal 
may  therefore  be  discarded. 

Some  have  suggested  that  the  average  between  the  best  and  the 
worst  parts  should  be  taken  ;  but  the  area  of  the  former  always 
exceeds  that  of  the  latter,  and  the  ratios  extend  in  practice  over 
such  wide  limits  that  this  comparison  will  not  serve. 

The  most  satisfactory  test  appears  to  be  the  simple  minimum 
illumination.  Any  excess  of  light  may  be  regarded  as  a  voluntary 
benefaction  from  the  lighting  authority  or  an  unavoidable  con- 
cession by  the  contractor.  The  draft  specification  provides  that 
the  height  at  which  it  is  proposed  to  place  the  centre  of  light  of 
each  type  of  unit  above  the  street  surface  is  to  be  given  in  the 
schedule  to  the  tender.  This  gives  the  lighting  authority  an 
opportunity  to  control  excessive  light. 

The  surveyor  members  were  asked  to  visit  some  streets  for  the 
purpose  of  judging  what  kind  of  classification  would  be  possible. 
In  the  first  place,  they  excluded  the  lighting  of  thoroughfares  of  a 
special  character,  where  the  lighting  is  more  than  is  usually  neces- 
sary for  ordinary  traffic.  They  thought  that  for  any  public  lighting 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,818,  Afiur,  an,  1911).] 


T I  [  h]    K  r^ECJT JilCAL    RJ-:  \'  1 1-:  w. 


705 


purpoecB  ntreotH  mifi^ht  well  bo  Kroupod  under  tbron  headlDKB  : — 
(a)  FirBt-rnte  main  linen  of  thorough  faro  ;  (ft)  auxiliary  roada  and 
relief  main  roadH  ;  (,•)  dide  and  unimportant  BtreetH. 

It  apprarod  deciral'lo  that  thiH  purely  qualitative  clasHification 
fihould  be  chcckrn  by  quantitative  meoMuri'mentu,  and  Mr.  K. 
Rd|;cumbe,  Prof.  J.  T.  MorriH,  nnd  the  author  undertook  to  make  a 
series  of  tewtB  on  the  ba^is  cuirirewted  by  tlin  <lraft  npocification, 
namely,  the  minimum  illumination  on  a  horizontal  plane  3  ft.  3  in. 
from  the  s^round,  an  well  as  the  maximum  illuminations. 

About  H8  photometric  measurements  were  made,  besides  measure- 
ments of  diotanee  and  anf;Ie,  at  31  places.  A  Trotter  photometer 
was  uped.  No  difficulty  was  found  in  comparing  lamps  of  different 
colours. 

The  work  bcpan  in  St.  .James's  Square  at  about  7  p.m. 

Fie.  2  shows  the  positions  of  the  first  four  sets  of  measure- 
ments, A,  B,  C,  and  D. 

The  hiphest  maximum  was  found  in  Bayswater  Road  near 
Victoria  Gate  C2'28  foot-candles),  and  this  was  07  times  the  mini- 
mum, Rivinpr  a  larger  ratio  than  in  any  other  street  measured  on 
that  eveningr.  The  ratio  of  maximum  to  minimum  in  Harley 
Street  was  18,  beinp  less  than  in  any  other  of  the  streets  measured. 
The  liRhtinir  of  the  Borouph  of  St.  Marylebone  is  so  uniform  that 
no  lower  illumination  could  be  found  in  that  district. 


O'Ol  foot-candle  on  a  horizontal  plane  .3  ft.  from  the  irronnd,  mid- 
way between  two  lamps  of  a  ((iven  height  and  diitance  BfMrt,  la 
(fiven  as  a  (fraph  in  hg.  4.  The  lamps  are  supposed  to  give  eqoAl 
candle-power  in  all  directions.  The  (f raph  shows  the  economy  of 
placinj^  the  lamps  as  high  as  possible,  subjMit  to  practical  con- 
siderations. Tall  lamps  in  a  narrow  street  waste  much  li((ht  on  th« 
walls  of  the  houses. 

When  the  Committee  had  reached  this  stajrc  they  were  asked  to 
consider  a  draft  si«'ciflcation  whifih,  while  incorporatinif  aome  of 
the  principles  on  which  the  maj  irity  seemed  to  l<e  agreed,  directed 
that  the  surveyor  should  fix  the  position  and  height  of  all  lamp*, 
and  adjudicate  on  refracting  lenses  and  reflectors.  It  waa  BO(f- 
(jested  that  candle-power  should  be  measured  at  two  antfles — 20* 
and  .'jO*  with  the  horizontal.  This  was  fully  discussed  at  8«ver*l 
meetinsrs,  and  attempts  were  made  to  reconcile  or  to  amaleram»t« 
the  two  somewhat  different  drafts. 

It  was  finally  agreed  to  put  forward  a  draft  of  "  Btandurd 
Clauses  for  Inclusion  in  a  Specification  of  Street  Litrhtinjf." 

These  clauses  were  accepted  by  the  Council  of  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  Engineers.  The  Council  of  the  Institution  of  Municipal 
and  County  Engineers  suggested  some  useful  drafting  amendment*. 
The  Council  of  the  Illuminating  Engineering  Society  accepted  the 


lUuDitoatio;)  in  fool-candles  rer.eivAd  on  a  norizoutai  plane 
3  ft  3  in.  from  Ihe  ground 


Cheipaide. 
Wbltebkll. 
Kegent  Street. 
Farringdon  Street 
Victoria  Street 
Lowei  Rosont  Street 
St.  James'bquare 


Mount  Street 
Bayswater  Road 


Ashley  Gardens  M, 

Park  Lane.  J 

Baker  Street  S 

S.  Audley  Street  H 

Vanxhall  Bridge  Road  -  N, 

Moant  Street .  E 

Marylebone  Road.  V 

Cambridge  Street  W  R 

Manchester  Square  Z 

Harley  Street.  X 

CambriJj*  Street  W  P 

Star  Street, Ed2ware  Rd.  B, 

Lancaster  Ed.  NotUng  Hill.  D, 

Latimer  Rd.  Netting  Dale.  E, 


Fig.  3.— Results  of  Photometeic  Measubements. 


By  inadvertence,  the  class  letters  are  not  the  same  as  those  sug- 
gested in  the  specification.  A  represents  the  lowest  class,  viz., 
minimum  below  001  foot-candle.  B  is  from  O'Ol  to  0'025.  C  is 
from  0'025  to  0'04.     D  is  from  O'Oi  to  0'06.     E  is  from  006  to  O'l. 

The  results  of  these  photometric  tests — which  are  set  out  together 
with  others  in  fig.  8 — are  rather  remarkable  when  they  are  com- 
pared with  the  report  of  the  surveyor  members.  It  shows  that 
they  80  accurately  classified  the  streets  by  eye  that,  when  the 
measurements  of  minima  are  arranged  in  order,  they  fall  exactly 
in  the  classes.  The  class  (a)  has  an  illumination  on  a  horizontal 
plane  3  ft.  3  in.  from  the  ground,  not  less  than  0'02.5  foot-candle. 
The  minimum  illumination  in  class  (i)  varies  from  0'025  to  0015, 
and  in  class  (<•)  it  falls  below  0015. 

This  agreement  is  noteworthy.  It  shows  that  the  judgment  by 
•ye  by  experienced  men  is  in  accordance  with  careful  photr metric 
tests  ;'  that  photometric  tests  of  illumination  are  not  mere  scien- 
tific experiments,  but  confirm  quantitatively  in  definite  figures  the 
judgment  of  the  eye  ;  and,  lastly,  that  the  surveyor  members 
seemed  to  have  been  unconsciously  influenced  by  the  minimum 
illumination  in  each  case,  for  the  maximum  illuminations  show  no 
sort  of  agreement.  Another  result  of  these  tests  is  to  show  that 
the  ratio  of  maximum  to  minimum  illumination  is  not  a  matter  of 
importance,  and  it  was  agreed  by  the  Committee  that  this  point, 
which  had  appeared  in  the  first  preliminary  draft,  should  be  dropped. 
If  the  measurements  had  been  made  at  the  centre  of  the  road 
they  would  have  been  slightly  higher,  because  the  minimum 
places  were  not  always  in  the  middle  of  the  street. 

On  discu.<;sing  the  proposed  classification  there  appeared,  at  first, 
to  be  a  difficulty  in  dealing  with  those  cases  of  brilliant  street 
lighting  which  were  net  included  in  the  report  by  the  surveyor 
members.  It  was  decided  to  invert  the  order,  and  to  begin  with 
the  most  extensive,  and  therefore  very  important  class,  in  which 
the  minimum  is  below  O'Ol  ft. -candle,  which  will  be  measured  by 
taking  the  candle-power  of  the  lamps.  This  class  was  not  de- 
signated.   The  other  classes  are  as  follows  : — 

A.  Minimum  at  least  001  ft.-oandl« 

B.  „         0025        „8 

C.  „  „        004 

D.  „            „        0'0«  „ 
1 O'l 

This  leaves  some  20  letters  available  for  such  higher  classes  of 
illumination  as  the  progress  of  civilisation  may  call  for,  classes 
which  electric  light  and  gas  engineers  will  be  happy  to  provide 
when  invited. 

A  table  originally  calculated  by  Mr.  Haydn  T.  Harrison  to  show 
th#  oftndle-pow«r  r»qulr«<J  to  produce  a  minlmani  {llnmiBatlon  of 


Fig.  4.— Graph  op  Table  Peepabed  by  Mb.  Haydn  T. 
Habeison,  giving  the  candle-power  necessary  to  produce  a  mini- 
mum illumination  of  O'Ol  foot-candle  on  a  horizontal  pl&ne 
3  ft.  3|  in.  above  the  ground,  the  lamps  being  at  various  distanoes 
apart. 

clauses  as  a  draft  and  tentative  specification.  The  Institution  of 
Gas  Engineers,  while  fully  appreciating  the  valuable  work  which 
had  been  done,  regretted  that  they  could  not  agree  with  the  funda- 
mental basis  of  the  suggested  specification,  namely,  the  stipulation 
of  illumination  with  a  stated  foot-candle  minimum  measured  on  the 
horizontal  plane. 

The  Joint  Committee,  in  these  circumstances,  were  reluctant  to 
take  any  further  steps  until  an  attempt  had  been  made  to  review 
the  problem  and  to  give  an  opportunity  for  a  full  debate  upon  it. 

Meantime  the  author  has  been  invited  to  contribute  a  paper  before 
the  Illuminating  Engineering  Society  dealing  with  some  aspects  of 
street  lighting.  It  occurred  to  the  Council  that  the  platform  of  the 
Illuminating  Engineering  Society  might  be  utilised  for  an  open 
discussion  on  the  tentative  specification  prepared  at  a  joint  meeting 
of  the  four  bodies  interested.  This  proposal  met  with  the 
unanimous  approval  of  the  Joint  Committee.  The  present  paper  is 
the  result. 


Accident, — A  telephone  foreman  lineman,  named  T.  H. 
Birch,  whilst  repairing  a  wire  at  the  rear  of  ScaitcliflFe  Hall,  Tod- 
morden,  last  Saturday  week,  slipped  on  some  rocks  and  fell  a  distance 
of  25  ft.  into  a  brook.  He  suffered  a  fractured  collar-bone  and 
breast  bone,  and  a  pair  of  pliers  in  his  pocket  penetrated  2  in. 
into  his  body.  His  workmate,  Henry  Forrest,  unable  to  reach  the 
injured  man,  climbed  the  telephone  pole,  and,  by  means  of  hia 
pocket  instrument,  telephoned  to  the  exchange  station  at  Tod- 
mordon  for  help.  On  the  arrival  of  the  ambulance  and  dootora 
they  had  to  lower  a  stretcher  to  the  water,  where  the  injured  man 
still  lay,  by  means  of  ropes.  In  the  rescue  operations  Forrwt  ww 
disabled  by  a  boulder  which  became  dislodgai 


706 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EE\TEAV 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,848,  Apbil  25,  1913. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    TRADES    BENEVOLENT 
INSTITUTION. -FESTIVAL    DINNER. 


Ox  Wednesday  last  week  the  festival  dinner  of  the  Institution  was 
held  at  the  Trocadero  Restaurant  ;  Mr.  Georjce  Sutton  presided, 
and  about  120  supporters  of  the  Institution  and  guests  were  pre- 
sent. Unfortunately,  a  considerable  number  of  gentlemen  were 
prevented  from  attending,  and  sent  messages  of  regret,  including 
Lord  Vanx,  Sir  E.  Spencer,  Sir  J.  Wolfe-Barry,  Dr.  Ferranti,  Mr. 
Rutherford,  Mr.  Hirst,  Mr.  Duddell,  Mr.  Kingsbury  and  Mr. 
Garcke. 

After  the  loyal  toast,  the  president  rose  to  propose  "  The 
Electrical  Trades  Benevolent  Institution,"  remarking  that  he  was 
anxious  to  secure  the  autographs  of  those  gentlemen  who  had  not 
already  supplied  them.  The  toast,  he  said,  was  the  real  business 
of  the  evening  :  it  was  a  pleasure  to  meet  old  friends,  but  the  main 
purpose  of  their  being  there  was  to  do  honour  to  the  toast.  It  was 
but  a  young  Institution,  and  the  funds  were  very  small ;  they 
wanted  to  make  those  funds  very  much  larger.  They  were  in  their 
seventh  year,  and  the  funds  amounted  to  only  £4,000 — a  sum  that 
was  not  worthy  of  the  electrical  industry  in  1913.  Mr.  Garcke 
at  the  annual  meeting  told  them  that  there  were  500  millions 
sterling  of  British  capital  invested  in  the  industry  in  the 
United  Kingdom,  and  nearly  500,000  persons  were  employed.  A 
large  proportion  of  the  latter,  it  was  true,  were  outside  the  scope 
of  the  Institution,  but  there  was  a  large  number  left  within  it. 
Many  of  them  knew  the  difficulty  of  collecting  funds  for  a 
charitable  society,  even  in  a  country  famous  for  generations  beyond 
all  others  as  a  philanthropic  nation  ;  and  since  the  State  had  added 
philanthropy  to  its  functions,  it  was  enormously  more  difficult  to 
raise  funds."  But  the  National  Health  Act  and  Old  Age  Pension 
Act.  good  or  bad  as  they  might  be,  had  not  done  away  with  the 
necessity  for  the  work  of  that  Institution,  which  was  needed  just 
as  much  as  ever.  The  objects  of  the  Institution,  as  set  forth  on  its 
note-paper,  were  "to  grant  pensions  and  dispense  temporary  relief 
to  deserving  and  necessitous  persons  who  are  or  have  been  engaged 
in  the  electrical  trade  in  the  United  Kingdom  as  employers, 
managers,  teachers,  or  on  the  engineering,  designing,  drawing,  sales 
or  office  staff,  or  in  other  similar  capacities,  or  to  their  dependents"  ; 
they  left  out  those  who  were  more  directly  interested  in  the  State 
Acts.  The  primary  object  of  the  Institution  was  to  grant  pensions 
— but  no  pension  could  be  granted  from  a  capital  of  £4,000,  though 
a  great  d^  of  good  had  been  done  by  small  grants  of  money.  His 
experience  showed  that  it  was  much  easier  to  get  money  from  those 
who  had  not  a  great  deal  to  spare  than  from  those  who  were  well- 
to-do.  The  directors  of  prosperous  firms  were  often  afraid  lest  they 
should  do  with  other  people's  money  what  they  ought  not  to  do, 
and  thought  they  had  no  right  to  contribute  ;  he  entirely  disagreed 
with  that  view.  Some  companies  did  grant  sums  of  money  ;  their 
names  appeared  on  the  published  lists,  but  the  shareholders  never 
did,  and  never  would,  object  to  the  board  of  directors  doing  what 
was  right  in  this  respect.  Again,  some  large  firms  had  their  own 
provident  funds,  and  said  that  they  looked  after  their  own 
people — let  others  look  after  theirs.  But  it  was  only  the  large 
firms  that  could  have  their  own  provident  funds,  and  this  Institution 
had  been  created  to  look  after  the  employes  of  the  small  firms. 
Small  donations  were  essential  to  the  Institution,  but  the  backbone 
of  such  a  society  must  be  the  list  of  members.  The  Committee 
could  measure  their  liability  if  they  had  a  big  membership  list ; 
bnt  who  could  measure  the  good  the  Institution  could  do  if  they 
gave  it  the  funds  ?  The  poor  derelicts  of  the  industry  who  bad 
gone  to  pieces  on  the  rocks — who  was  going  to  help  them  .'  He 
would  ask  his  hearers  to  u?e  all  their  persuasive  powers  to  enroll 
members  for  the  Institution.  The  T'imei  had  said  that  the  men 
who  controlled  the  electrical  industry  had  no  understanding  of  the 
arts  of  popular  persuasion,  and  looking  at  the  funds  one  might 
agree :  but  he  did  not  believe  it,  and  he  wanted  them  to  show  that 
they  had  it  by  getting  a  large  accession  to  the  membership.  If 
employers  would  become  annual  subscribers  of  even  a  tm  ill  amount, 
they  could  recommend  their  employes  to  become  members,  and  at 
the  next  festival  dinner  they  would  meet  under  vastly  mere 
favourable  circumstances. 

Mr.  A.  Bruce  Anderson,  vice-president,  supporting  the  president's 
appeal,  said  that  hitherto  he  had  been  engaged  in  pleading  the 
cause  of  men  who  were  able  and  willing  to  work,  but  could  find  no 
work  to  do  ;  but  the  claims  of  those  who  were  not  able  to  work  could 
not  be  denied.  He  had  been  asked  to  bring  to  their  notice  a  form 
of  bequest,  and  a  form  of  applioation  for  membership,  and  to  draw 
their  attention  to  the  privileges  of  subscribers.  If  they  paid  £1.000, 
they  could  nominate  a  person  for  a  pension  of  £40.  Of  the  three 
great  virtues,  faith,  hope  and  charity,  the  greatest  was  charity  ; 
they  were  all  in  need  of  it.  but  that  form  of  charity  for  which 
the  chairman  appealed  in  such  sincere  and  earnest  terms  was 
the  easiest  to  supply,  and  he  hoped  there  would  be  a  generous 
response. 

At  a  later  stage  the  president  announced,  amid  applause,  that  the 
contributions  received  in  connection  with  the  dinner  amounted  in 
all  to  the  sum  of  £854  68.— almost  exactly  double  the  amount 
Bub»>cribed  last  year. 

Mr.  E.  Byng,  proposing  the  health  of  the  president,  said  no  one 
deserved  better  of  them  than  he  ;  they  had  only  to  look  at  his  list 
to  Bee  how  hard  he  had  worked  all  the  year.  The  speaker  did  not 
think  the  support  the  Institution  received  from  the  electrical 
trades  was  at  all  worthy  of  the  industry,  which  was  stingy  and 
improvident.    No  one  knew  how  soon  he  mijrht  need  help  from  the 


Institution.  If  the  staff  of  every  municipal  station  Bubecrib«>d  only 
£5.  the  result  would  be  an  income  of  about  £3,000  a  year.  He  was 
sincerely  moved  by  the  president's  remarks,  and  would  offer  a 
donation  of  £100  on  condition  that  nine  others  would  do.  the  tame 
within  three  months.  Mr.  H.  Hirst  had  promised  to  give  £100,  and 
the  president  had  already  given  that  amount,  so  only  feven  more  were 
needed  ;  let  them  endeavour  to  find  the  seven,  and  the  result  would 
be  £1,000  to  the  funds.  Mr.  Sutton,  acknowledging  the  toast,  eaid 
that  if  he  had  been  of  some  little  service  to  the  Institution  he  had 
been  rewarded  ;  he  hoped  his  service  had  not  ended  with  that 
dinner.  He  was  especially  pleased  that  his  health  had  been  pro- 
posed by  the  son  of  his  old  friend  ;  they  ought  to  take  advantage 
of  bis  excellent  offer,  and  set  a  good  example  for  next  year. 

During  the  evening  a  capital  programme  was  performed,  the 
artistes  including  Miss  Ada  Forrest.  Mr.  T.  E.  Gatehouse.  Mr. 
Falkner  Lee.  and  Mr.  Archie  Naish,  with  Mr.  Charles  Bastett  at 
the  piano,  and  the  festival  was  in  all  respects  very  satisfactorily 
celebrated. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  donations  and  snbscriptiouB  received  or 
promised  before  the  Dinner.  The  subscriptions  are  marked  with 
an  asterisk  :  — 

Chairman's  List. 

The  Chairman          ..           flOO    0    0  H.  A.  C iEl     1    0 

Hcnlej-'s  Teleg.  Worke  Co  100    0    0  Hatton,  R.  J 110 

Elecl.  Contractors'  Assn.  . .  50    0    0  Higbton  &  Snn,  Ltd.  110 

Babcock  A-  Wilcox  ..        . .  20    0    0  Houblon,  J.  N 110 

Gill,  Arthur  B 10  10    0  Howard,  A.  H.  110 

Glover,  \V.  T.,  &  Co.  10    0    0  Jacob;,  A.  M 110 

Johnson  4  l-hillipe   ..         .  10  10    0  J.  G 110 

Anonymous 5    5    0  J.  AN 110 

Frankenburg,  l.,A  Sons     ..  5    6    0  Kjoocb,  Ltd 110 

London  Klec.  Wire  Co.      . .  5    6    0  Le  Bae.  Edward,  &  (JO.  110 

Marconi's  WireleES    Teleg.  Leete,  E,          110 

Co 5    5    0  Lord,  F.  A.  B 110 

Tarlor,  Q.  E 5    5    0  Louis  Behrens  S  Sens  110 

Bath,  Henrv,  &  8on  . .  3    3    0  Martin.  C.  P.  110 

Belshan,  T.  0 3    3    0  Meyer,  Montague  L.  110 

Enthoven,  H.  J.,  &  Sons    . .  8    3    0  Mills,  P.           110 

Merton,  H.  B.,  Co.,  Ltd.    ..  3    3    0  Morris  Ashby,  Ltd 110 

Wilkins,  Campbell  4  Co.  . .  3    3    0-  Nettlefold  i  Bons  110 

Sullivan,  H.  W BOO  Newhy  *  Bons  110 

Barclay  Bros 2    2    0  Potter,  W.  J 110 

Bergtheil  &  Young,  Ltd.     . .  2    2    0  Potter  Bros 110 

Bullard,  King  &  Co 2    2    0  Rashleigh,  Phipps  &  Co.      .  110 

Campbell,  Donald,  &  Co.  . .  2    2    U  Reade  4  Co 110 

Catchpole,  E.,  «  Sons         ..  2    2    0  Reeves,  E         110 

Ctompton  ,£:  Co 2    2    0  Rickett,  6'mith  ft  Co.  110 

Deacon,  Samuel,  &  Co.  2    2    0  Ritchie,  J.  W.  110 

Fox,  George,  i  Sons  2    2    0  R.  J.  4  N.,  Ltd 110 

Frankenbuig,  I.,  &  Sons  2    2    0  Schwann  <i  Co.  110 

Middleton,  V.  G 2    '2    0  Smith,  James 110 

Rennie,  J.  T.,  Son,  &  Co.  ..  2    2    0  Spencer,  Ed.,  &  Co 110 

Sunderland,  Leo  2    2    0  Ryder,  P 110 

Tanner,  A.  E 2    2    0  Taylor,  Tannicbff  &  Co.    . .  110 

Till,  Ed.,*  Co 2    2    0  Tucker,  Geo 110 

Tvler  &  Freeman  2    2    0  Wansbrough,  E.  C 110 

Watson,  B.  A  W 2    2    0  Walton,  W.    H 110 

White,  Wm.  «  Co 2    2    0  Wayne,  Morgan  J 110 

WiDdschuegi,  Ch86.,4Co.  2    2    0  Whaley,  S.  W.,  *  Co.  110 

Atkinson,  Llewellyn  B.      ..  2    0    0  Baxter,  J.  M.,  &  Co 10    0 

Adams  Bros 110  C.  E.  T 10    0 

Arnold  &  Co 110  Hudson,  T 10    0 

Ashworth,  H 110  Pond,  E.  J 0  15    0 

Barlow,  H.  Dudley  ..  110  Anderson,  F. 0  10    6 

Barnes,  J 110  Bradfleld,  J.  E 0  10    fi 

Bean,  Webley  &  Co 110  Crisfleld,  J.  H 0  10    6 

Bever,  Fred 110  Everitt,  A.  W.  0  10    6 

Bishop,  W.J 110  Hedgcock,  A.  J 0  10    6 

Boltor,  Thomas,  &  tons    ..  110  Hunter,  F.  C 0  10    6 

Bradfleld,  W.  W 110  J.  H.  R 0  10    fi 

Bradsbaw,  B.  A.,  4  Sons    . .  110  L.  4  W 0  10    6 

BrouBson,  B.  P 110  Metal  Jointing  Co 0  10    6 

earless,  Capel  &  Leonard  . .  110  Monarch  Typewriter  Co.    . .  0  10    6 

C.  H.  A 110  Nichols,  W.H 0  10    6 

Church  Street  MIg  Co.      ..  110  Oscar  Jones  &  Co 0  10    6 

Connell,  E 110  Polvblank,  W.  J 0  10    6 

Cottis,  Wm.,  4  Sons,  Ltd...  110  Roffey,  A.  F 0  10    6 

Dashwood,  K.  8 110  Russell,  C.  Newton  . .         ..  0  16    6 

Dussek  Bitumen  Co.  110  W.  B.  4  Co 0  10    6 

E.  A.  P. 110  Wilson,  L.  E 0  10    6 

Easton,  C.  J 110  Bertram,  C 0  10    0 

Easton,  J.  J 110  Glasgow  Steel  Roofing  Co.  0  10    0 

Electrical  Co.  1     1    U  Arkell,  H 0    .1    0 

Emslio.  J.  F..4  Co.  110  B-idges,  T 0    5    0 

Espir,  Femand  110  Thornby,  E 0    6    0 

F.  W.  4  8 110  Mann,  K.  C 0    5    0 

Fuller,  J.  Leslie  110  Smith,  E.R 0    5    0 

Gaekell  ft  OrocDtt  110  Anonymous 0    2    6 

Graves,  T 110  Bill,  J.  C 0    2    ti 


Otheb    Contributions. 


American  Hard  Rubber  Co. 

Adnil  Electrical  Co 

Automatic  Standard  Screw 

Co 

Baker,  B.  B 

Barkbam,  C 

Barr,  Moering,  4  Co. 
Barwell,  James,  4  Sons 

Bates,  W 

Bangbam,  A.  H 

Beaver,  A.  G 

Becker,  R 

Becker,  R.,  4  Co 

Berridge,  Geo.,  4  Co. 

Best  4  Lloyd,  Ltd 

Birmingham    Lighting    Co. 
Bishop,  8.  4  C,  4  Co. 
Blackburn,  Starling,  ft  Co. 
Bonnella  4  Son,  Ltd. 
Boulton,  G.,  4  Bon    . . 
Bowden,  G.  Harland 
Brimtdown  Lamp  Works  . . 
British  Electric  Calibrated 

Fuce  Co 

Brit.  Thoroson-HoDStOD  Co. 

Brundle,  F.  H 

Burncy,  Gay 

Bnit  Bros 

Burton,  Col.  H 

Baldwir   J.  H 

British  Oiygen  Co.,  Ltd.   . . 
Cannon,  A.  V 


fO  10 

fi 

Cantie  Switch  Co.,  Ltd.     . . 

•£1    1 

0 

•2  a 

0 

Chaplin,  H.,  4  Co 

•1    1 

0 

Clay,  C.  B 

•1    1 

0 

0  10 

6 

Coates,  C 

•D  10 

0 

0    2 

6 

Concordia  Elec.  Wire  Co.  . . 

■8    3 

0 

•0  10 

6 

ConradtT,  C 

■3    0 

0 

•1  1 

0 

Cook,  A.  B 

•0    6 

0 

0  10 

fi 

Cook,  W.  W 

1     1 

0 

•0    2 

6 

Cookson  4  Co.,  Ltd 

1     1 

0 

■0  10 

R 

Cooper,  R.  G 

•0  10 

0 

•1   1 

0 

Cramb,  A.  C 

•0  10 

fi 

0  10 

fi 

Cranmer  4  Cheshire. . 

1    1 

0 

0  10 

6 

Cryselco,  Ltd 

1    1 

0 

■2    2 

0 

Charles  4  Dible 

1    1 

II 

1     1 

0 

Clark,  W 

1   1 

0 

1     1 

0 

Clark,  E.  J 

1   1 

0 

0    5 

0 

Davidson  4  Co.,  Ltd. 

■1   1 

u 

■2    2 

0 

Davies,  Kent*  Stewart,  Ltd. 

0  in 

6 

1     1 

0 

Devonshire,  J 

•2    2 

0 

0  10 

fi 

DIgby,  T.  J 

•5    5 

0 

•10  10 

0 

Digby, T.  J 

0  10 

« 

■2    2 

0 

D.  P.  Battery  Co.,  Ltd. 

0  10 

« 

Eck.  .'ustus 

3    S 

0 

1     1 

0 

Flectbical  Fkvifw.  . 

10  10 

0 

10    0 

0 

Elrrlrieilii.  Proprietors  ol  . . 

•1     1 

0 

0  10 

fi 

Ellis,  n.  Geo 

1     1 

0 

•a  a 

0 

English  Bros'.,  Ltd 

0  10 

6 

1   1 

n 

Rsender,  CM 

-0  10 

0 

1   1 

0 

Esson,  W.  B 

•a   a 

0 

0  10 

fi 

Eston,  W.  B 

a   a 

0 

1   1 

0 

Farmer,  R.  H. 

•0  10 

0 

0     1 

0 

FarmUoe,  T.  A  W.,  Ltd.     . 

•a  a 

0 

Vol.  72.     No.  1,848,  Ai'Kii.  2r,,  191:).] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


707 


Fell,  A.  li.  0 I'O  101  fl       Ncwmnii,  I'' U'D  10    0 

FoMtor,  J.,  A  Co 110  Nonhcrn  Kliiclrlt' Wire  Co.  110 

Fox,  H.O.J '0  10    0         I'rnntrne'l.  N.  W 0  10    0 

GalKwordiy,  Lid MOO  JViIIkicI,  Win.,  4  Co.,  Lt<l..  .  I     1     0 

Onrbc,  Lahniejxr  &  Co,     ..  'J    0    0        I'ottlfor,  II 0    10 

Or»roho,  K '10    0    0        I'lunitric,  J.  8 'O  10    0 

OilbprlHon,  II.  0    10  T'ottcrloB  Electric  aractfon 

Otlloiipin  &  Bcrilen     ..         ..  110            Co.,  Ltd 0    7    8 

(Jlnliolin  *  Pr.l)Bon    ,.         ..  0    8    0        Prior,  K •!     1     0 

OorhPiii,  .1.  M ♦!     1     0        I'ooln,  R -0  10    0 

Clray  A  M«rtrn,  Ltd.  0  10    (1  I'llklrcton  Bros.,  Ltd.  '0  10    fi 

OrovfR,  J.  All 0  10    0        Pirelli,  Md 3    3    0 

Hammond,  Robt.,  A  8on«  . .  110  Preoco,  Cardew  A  Bnell      ..  "J    3    0 

Hardy  A  Pttdmoro     ..  *0  10    S        Petomen,  M 8    3    0 

Harrlnon,  Haydn        ..  0  10    fl  Paul  PiiuHOhert  Poroelr  in 

Hart  Aeoumulatoi  Go.        ..  MO  10    0           Worlte,  Ltd 'i  10    0 

Hartmann  A  Braun  . .         .  'S    0    0  (Jnance,  F.  O.  '0  10    0 

Hcllbut,  Symors  A  Or.  5     0    0  giiltmann,  Carl  1     1     0 

Hillier,  F.  P 0    2    (i  Kcdmaynti,  L.. .  <0  10    6 

Hill-.TonoB,  T 110  RicliardB,  W.  L.                      .  '0  10    0 

Hewctson,  H.,  A  Co 0  10    i;        RUeley,  D.  8 '0  10    0 

Hobb,  W.K '0  10    0        Hogeru,  8 0  10    6 

Hobb,  W.  B 0  10    0  Richard  JohnHon,  Clapbam 

Holophane,  Ltd *3    3     0            and  Morris,  Ltd 110 

Holmes,  F.  J M    1     0        fiwinhurno,  J 110 

Home  A  Rowland                ..♦110  Hpencor,  Hir  Krncflt    .  330 

Hooper,  A.  A 0    10  Htarkey,  W.  J.  8.  Barber  . .  *0  10    6 

Hornsby,  Richard,  A  Sons,  Btapi;  A  Robeon  . .  M    1    0 

Ltd M     1     0  Sanders,  Wm.,  A  Co.           ..  M     1     0 

Howard,  A.  J *0  10    0  Bchuniann,  Miss  A,  C,  and 

Budeon,    Edmunds    A    Co.,                             asBixtants 0  10    0 

Ltd 0    7    6        Bilcock.  Chas 110 

Hunt  A  Co.,  Ltd M    1    0  Sloan  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.. .  '3    2    0 

Hurst,  A.,  A  Co '2    2    0        Sparrow,  N *0  10    0 

Hay,  G 110  Stolzcnburg  Patent  File  Co.  M    1    0 

Hirst,  H 10  10    0        Stranack,  H.  B 0    10 

Ja<>ner  Bros M    1    0        Btraus  A  Co.,  Ltd 'ISO 

Jeffs,  F.J 0  10    6  Swinton,  \.  A.  Campbell    ..  MO  10    0 

.Tndd,  W M     1     n        Snell,J.  F.  C M     1     0 

Kidd,  G.  W 0  10    0  Sterling  Telephone  Co.       . .  '.ISO 

Kahn,  Harry 2    3    0  Soutter,  Wm.,  A  Sons,  Ltd.  110 

Kieson  A  Co 110        Bun  Klectrical  Co *3    3    0 

Koettgan,  C *5    6    0        Bpies  Bros.  A  Co M     1     0 

KoUe,  H.  W '2    2    0        Spioer  Bros,,  Ltd 110 

Korting  A  Mathieson  '5    0    0  Standard  Cable  Mfg.  Co.    . .  3    8    0 

Kingsbury,  J.  K 3    3    0        Bchall,  W.  E 110 

Lackfe,  W.  W 110        Schuster,  W.  8 110 

Lampitt,  C.  B 110        Symington,  Wm 3    2    0 

Lax,  Hermann  15    0  Bugden  &  Hextall  110 

Leacb.  P.  fJ M    1    0        Spratt,  L.  W 110 

Leaf,  H.  M 110  Thacker,  F.  C.           . .         . .  *0  10    6 

Leitwioh,  P.  A 0  10    0        Thomas,  N.  F 0    10 

Lench,  T.  W.,  Ltd 110        Thomas,  Miss  W *0  10    0 

Linolite  Co 110  Thompson,  W,  P.,  A  Co.     .  *l     1    0 

Llewellyn,  D »0  10    6        Trotter,  A.  P »2    2    0 

Locke,    Lancaster,    &  Co.,  Tucker,  J.  H.,  ACo.  110 

Ltd •!    I    0        Turner,  L.  V 0    10 

London  Zinc  Mills,  Ltd,    . .  0  10    fi  Turner  A  Burger  0  10    6 

Lund.  Humphries.  A  Co.  ..  0  10    0  Taylor,  Tunnicliff  A    Co., 

London  Electric  Firm  110           Ltd *3    2    0 

Lind  A  Co.,  Ltd 0  10    6        Unwin  Bms M    1    0 

Madgen,  W.  L *2    2    0        Vacuum  Oil  Co 110 

Maurice,  G 0    10        Venner  A  Co •!     1    0 

Mehne,  J.  G 10    0  Voigt  A  Haeffner,  Ltd.  2    0    0 

Meyer,  Arthur,  A  Co.,  Ltd.  2    2    0        Von  Chauvin,  G 2    2    0 

Miles    Bradley  C 110  Watlington  A  Co.,  Ltd.      . .  0  10    6 

Mill,  Fred.,  A  Co.,  Ltd.      ..  0  10    6        Wardroper,  A.  K 0    2    6 

Money,  H.  W ,.  0    10        'Wallach  Bros M    1    0 

Moody,  G.  T 2    2    0  Wallis-Jones.  Regd,  J.        . .  *1    1    0 

Moore,  F.  C '0  10    0  Worrell  A  Baynee  0  10    6 

Morgan  Crucible  Co.,  Ltd. .  110        Waddie  A  Co.,  Ltd 'O  10    6 

Mrrris,  H,  N.,  ACo.,  Ltd. . .  M    1    0  Walter  Scott,  Ltd.  .  2    2    0 

Morrison,  Alex 'O  10    0  Whitehouae  &  Co.,  Ltd.  -0  10    6 

Moul.  H.  E M     1    0        Wilkinson,  H.D '2    2    0 

Morton,  E.  R.. .           :         . .  '0  10    0         W.  J.  B,            0     5     0 

Mo"prB,  Ltd 0    5    0  Ward  A  Goldstone    ..         ..'300 

McWhirter,  Wm.,  A  Co.    . .  110  Wilkins  A  Wright     . .  110 

Myers,  Leo  M 110        Weeks,  H.  C *1     1    0 

Nance,  Harry *0  10    0  Wallace  Bros.  A  Co.  2    2    0 

Nixen  A  Sons,  Ltd 0    5    0        Winter,  F 5    0    0 

Newman,  F 0  10    6  Yendall,  E.  R.           . .         . .  0    0    n 

The   followingr  contributions  have   also    been    received  in    the 
course  of  this  year  : — 

Moulton,  Lord            ..         ..'.£1    1    0  Anderson,  A.  Bruce. .         . .  »f  2    2    0 

Ferranti,Ltd ^5    5    0        Samuelson,  G.  B '2    2    0 

Berry,  H.H ^110        Bastian,  C.  O *2    2    0 

Electromotors,  Ltd *2    2    0        Ireland,  A.  J *1    1    0 

Ruberoid  A  Co ,M    0    0        Lemmon,  Miss  M '0  10    0 

Bishop,  0.  H "l    0    0        Sargent.  Miss  B.  M 0  10    6 

Nash,  E.  A M    1    0        Hawes,  F.  B.  0 •!     1    0 

Further  contributions  were  received  during  the  dinner,  of  which 
a  list  will  be  given  later. 


BRITISH     TRADE    IN    THE    RUSSIAN 
PAR    EAST. 


While  we  are  so  busily  engaged  upon  schemes  for  foreign  trade 
expansion,  we  need  to  be  reminded  occasionally  that  there  are  vast 
tracts  of  territory  which,  if  we  have  not  actually  overlooked  them, 
we  have  to  all  appearances  treated  as  not  being  worth  our  while — 
at  any  rate  in  their  present  undeveloped  state.  We  have  had  put 
before  us  particulars  of  a  scheme  under  which  it  is  hoped  that 
British  firms  will  shortly  devote  themselves  aggressively,  and  with 
considerable  profit,  to  one  of  these  vast  fields.  We  refer  to  Siberia, 
where  the  opportunities  for  British  engineering  and  other  manu- 
facturers seem  to  be  very  great.  We  hope  to  give  fuller  particulars 
in  our  next  issue,  but  in  the  meantime  we  may  quote  here  from  one 
of  the  latest  Consular  reports  issued  regarding  that  part  of  the 
world. 

The  Electrical  Review  has  previously  drawn  attention  to  the 
fact  that  British  firms  are  rather  neglectful  of  the  opportunities 
for  trade  extension  which  exist  ia  the  Russian  Far  East.  The 
position  recently  has  remained  pretty  much  what  it  always  was, 
with,  perhaps,  a  slight  tendency  towards  improvement.  The 
number  of  travellers  representing  British  firms  has  certainly  shown 
an  Increase,  and  instead  of  following  the  previous  practice  of  dashing 
through  Vladivostok  on  the  way  to  oi  from  some  other  country, 
and  spending  a  few  hours,  or  'at  the  most  a  couple  of  daya.  in  the 
digtriot,  those   who  came   had  generally  aufiioient  time  at  their 


(liRpofial  to  get  a  rcaHonabln  graup  of  th«  local  c/rnmerci*!  otm- 
ditionH  and  the  j>roHp('ctH  of  trude.  In  thin  ronrKction  the  liritiNh 
(.'onHul  at  VliwlivoHtok  in  a  ri^cf.Tit  report  i)oiiilf  out  that  nuch 
travollerH  aH  were  in  a  poitition  to  vihit  KaiiU:rn  Silx;rian  c«.-ntreii 
api)cured  to  carry  away  the  impr«HHion  that  there  doen  really  eiiiit 
there  a  market  for  Hritinh  goodM,  and  that,  if  any  effort  I*  ever  to 
be  made  to  take  advantage  of  it,  the  pr««<'nt  in  the  time  tfj  make  it. 
Among  other  orderH  placed  at  home  recently,  may  f>e  mentioned 
brick-making  inuchinery,  crucible  stee),  lathen,  and  workubop 
e<)uipment,  motor-boat  enginei",  refrigerating  machinery,  kc. 
liritinh  portable  engines  continue  to  hold  their  own,  and  the 
import  of  corrugated  iron  and  fiat  sheeti),  alwayn  important,  ia 
increasing  in  volume. 

The  Amur  Railway,  which  is  making  rapid  progreHH,  and  thoald 
be  completed  except  for  the  bridge  over  the  Amur  at  Khabarovsk 
in  191.'),  is  opening  up  a  large  area  hitherto  untouched  ;  the  Raesian 
Government  is  taking  in  hand  ()uite  a  variety  of  imjwrtant  under- 
takings, including  the  proper  t(|uipment  of  VladivoBtok  Harbour, 
with  extensive  electrical  im-tallations,  the  dredging  of  the 
approaches  to  the  Amur,  and  very  large  building  operations  for 
the  naval  and  military  departments  in  various  parts  of  the  country  ; 
the  colonisation  authorities  are  improving  the  means  of  communi- 
cation, and  the  settlement  on  the  land  of  peasants  from  Kuropean 
Russia  is  progressing  under  more  satisfactory  conditions  than  bai 
been  the  case  in  the  past.  What  is  more  important  still,  Russian 
labour  is  being  introduced  in  place  of  Chinese  on  all  works  depend- 
ing upon  Government,  and  is  being  encouraged  on  private  enter- 
prises. On  all  sides  are  visible  signs  of  the  fixed  policy  of  Russia  to 
develop  the  Amur  Province  and  populate  it  with  her  own  people. 
In  addition  the  exploitation  of  the  natural  resources  of  the  country 
encouraged  by  a  liberal  and  sympathetic  attitude  on  the  part  of  the 
administration,  is  finding  the  capital  which  is  essential  to  it. 

The  purchasing  power  of  the  community  is,  therefore,  increasing  ; 
it  will  be  interesting  to  see  whether  British  manufacturers  will 
maintain  their  aloof  and  distrustful  attitude  towards  it  or  whether 
they  will  make  some  serious  effort  to  establish  themselves  in  a 
market  which  they  have  been  content  hitherto  to  leave  untouched. 

It  should  be  at  once  said  that  the  despatch  of  an  occasional 
traveller  will  not  effect  this  object,  nor  will  the  distribution  of  the 
most  alluring  catalogues  be  of  much  avail.  British  firms  must  be 
actively  and  efficiently  represented  on  the  spot,  and  until  this  is 
done  no  real  improvement  in  the  position  can  be  hoped  for.  They 
must  bear  in  mind  that  German  trade  has  gained  predominance 
here  by  starting  from  small  beginnings  when  the  Rufsian  occupa- 
tion was  in  its  infancy,  and  that  it  has  grown  up  with  the  country  ; 
that  the  large  German  stores  having  Vladivostok  as  their  centre  of 
operations  were  founded  40  or  50  years  ago,  are  thoroughly  familiar 
with  the  wants  of  the  inhabitants,  and  have  accustomed  them  to 
the  use  of  German  goods  ;  that  they  have  a  perfect  acquaintance 
with  the  language,  have  opened  branches  in  the  various  centres  as 
their  growing  importance  seemed  to  justify  it,  and  have  trained  and 
capable  technical  staffs.  Being  on  the  spot  and  organised  so  as  to 
gauge  the  financial  stability  of  their  clients,  they  can — what  is  all- 
important  here — give  credit  where  circumstances  justify  it  and  have 
a  hold  over  purchasers  which  distant  firms  can  never  obtain. 

The  foregoing  will  hardly  sound  encouraging  to  firms  desirous  of 
working  up  business  in  Vladivostok,  but  no  good  object  can  be 
achieved  by  minimising  the  disadvantages  under  which  they  must 
labour  if  desirous  of  making  an  effort  to  repair  the  indifference  of 
the  past.  The  lines  on  which  such  an  effort  should  be  made,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  Consul,  have  been  sketched  in  the  course  of  corres- 
pondence between  the  Consulate  and  the  Commercial  Intelligence 
Branch  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  where  further  information  might  be 
obtained. 

An  important  point  to  be  remembered,  particularly  in  the  case  of 
machinery,  is  that  packing  of  goods  for  delivery  to  Vladivostok 
should  be  very  carefully  executed.  Cargo  for  Vladivostok,  unless 
sent  via  Shanghai  by  fast  steamers,  is  generally  three  months  or 
more  on  the  way,  and  has,  more  particularly  in  tlie  winter  months, 
to  go  through  extremes  of  temperatures.  Bright  parts  of  machi- 
nery must,  therefore,  be  protected  and  thoroughly  coated  with 
anti-rust  composition.  Hay  and  straw  must  not  be  used,  and  parts 
must  not  be  left  loose  in  cases,  but  must  be  carefully  secured. 
Great  care  is  recommended  in  despatching,  so  as  to  ensure  that  no 
portions  or  fittings  of  machinery  be  omitted,  since  it  is  generally 
impossible  to  replace  anything  here,  or,  if  supplies  can  be  obtained, 
they  are  very  dear.  Another  point  worthy  of  attention  while  on 
the  subject  of  machinery  is  the  importance  of  .sending  in  good 
time  full  specifications  and  working  plans.  When  supplying 
boilers,  certificates  of  factory  tests  must  always  be  sent,  and  it 
must  be  remembered  that  the  requirements  of  Russian  law  must 
be  studied  and  complied  with. 


Buildin$c    Trades   Exhibition, — In   addition   to   tbe 

firms  mentioned  in  our  last  issue  as  showing  at  this  exhibition, 
which  closes  to-morrow  at  Olympia,  Messrs.  C.  Jexxixgs  4:  Co., 
of  Bristol,  have  on  Stand  No.  164.  Row  H.  an  exhibit  of  woodwork, 
fretwork  screens  and  arches,  doors  in  various  designs,  stairs, 
windows,  "  Teekard  "  block  flooring,  and  electric  light  easing. 

Strikes. — On  Monday  last  week  the  labourers  and  semi- 
skil'led  workers  at  the  Preston  Works  of  Messrs.  Dick.  Kkkr^  Co., 
Ltd.,  came  out  on  strike  in  respect  of  a  dispute  regarding  wage 
advances.  New  terms  were  offered  by  tbe  firm  en  the  following 
day  and  accepted,  work  being  resumed  on  Wednesdav. 

It  is  announced  that  a  strike  at  the  works  of  the  Hoffman  Manu- 
facturing Co„  at  Chelmsford,  which  had  affected  1,800  men  and 
girls,  was  settled  on  Tuesday  night.  Men  over  21  years  of  age,  with 
six  months'  eervice,  are  to  be  paid  a  minimum  of  Sd.  pei  hoar. 


703 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       1^°^-  72.  No.  i,s4.s,  ai-bil  25,  1913. 


FOREIGN    AND    COLONIAL    TARIFFS    ON 
ELECTRICAL    GOODS. 

Amkndmexts. 

GERMAJNY.— The  Board  of  Trade  desires  to  call  the  attention  of 
manufacturers  and  ehippers  in  this  country  to  the  fact  that  in 
accordance  with  the  German  regrulations  for  the  importation  of 
merchandise  by  rail,  (roods  so  enteringr  Germany  (even  ^oods  in 
transit)  are  now  required  to  be  accompanied^apart  from  the 
ordinary  consig-nment  not« — by  a  special  declaration,  in  duplicate, 
on  a  form  prescribed,  which  is  to  be  filled  up,  both  in  French  and 
German,  by  the  sender  of  the  g'oods,  and  in  which  (amon^  other 
particulars)  the  nature  of  the  ^oods  has  to  be  entered  with  the 
terms  of  the  descriptions  used  for  such  goods  in  the  German  Customs 
Tariff.  The  net  weight  of  the  (foods  has  also  to  be  given  in  respect 
of  parcels  containing  goods  subject  to  different  rates  of  duty.  The 
fact  that  this  spcciid  declaration  is  being  sent  must  be  noted  by 
the  consignor  on  the  consignment  note.  A  copy  of  the  form  of 
declaration  prescribed  may  be  seen  by  persons  interested  at  the 
offices  of  the  Commercial  Intelligence  Branch  of  the  Board  of 
Trade,  at  73,  Basinghall  Street,  E.C. 

HOLLAND.— The  Dutch  Customs  Authorities  have  decided  that 
zinc  bars  for  battery  cells  only  cut  to  measure,  but  not  prepared  for 
use  in  any  other  manner,  are  to  be  admitted  free  of  duty.  Lubri- 
cating apparatus  for  the  automatic  greasing  of  machines  is  also  to 
be  admitted  free  of  duty. 

ST.  LUCIA. — In  accordance  with  the  Canada — West  Indies 
agreement  the  Government  of  St."  Lucia  have  decided  to  put  into 
operation  a  preferential  tariff  in  favour  of  British  goods,  the 
preference  to  be  given  to  amount  to  one-fifth  of  the  duty  leviable 
on  foreign  goods.  The  date  of  coming  into  force  will  be  fixed 
subsequently. 

ITALY. — The  Italian  Customs  Authorities  have  decided  that  dry 
batteries  for  small  electric  hand  lamps  are  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate 
of  30  lire  per  100  kg.  (25  lire  =  £1,  kUog.  =2204  lb). 

VENEZUELA. — The  Venezuelan  Commercial  Code  provides  that 
the  contents  of  packages  of  goods  shipped  to  Venezuela  must  be 
declared  on  the  Consular  Invoice  by  giving  the  name  of  the  article, 
the  material  of  which  it  is  made,  and  the  quality  or  condition 
which  distinguishes  it  from  any  other  article  of  the  same  name 
covered  by  a  different  class  of  the  tariff.  The  Code  also  provides 
that  if  these  particulars  are  not  set  out  in  the  Consular  Invoice  the 
importer  will  be  fined  a  sum  of  from  £5  to  £40  at  the  discretion  of 
the  Director  of  the  Customs  House  where  the  goods  were  imported. 
Duty  is  also  levied  on  such  cases  under  the  highest  class  of  the 
tariff  under  which  articles  of  the  kind  can  be  assessed  for  duty. 

In  a  dispatch  from  H.M.  Minister  at  Caracas,  which  has  recently 
been  received  at  the  Board  of  Trade,  it  is  pointed  out  that  in  cases 
in  which  a  fine  is  imposed  by  the  Custom  authorities,  there  is  no 
remedy  unless  the  consignees  at  once  petition  the  Venezuelan 
Slinister  of  Finance,  on  stamped  paper,  urging  a  remission  or 
reduction  of  the  fine  on  the  ground  of  there  having  been  no  intent 
to  defraud  the  Customs.  When  such  a  petition  is  lodged,  a 
nominal  fine  equivalent  to  £1  may  be  substituted  for  the  fine 
originally  imposed. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR,    1913. 

(SOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 

ComplI»a  expressly  for  this  jonmal  by  Mbssbb.  W.  P.  Thoupsom  4  Co., 
Eleotrical  Patent  Agents,  286,  High  Holbom,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Uverpool  and  Bradiord,  to  whom  all  Inqnirlas  sboold  be  addressed. 


•,IU.    "  Lnmlnoas  electric  devices."    L.  B.  WiiLTKB.    April  Tth. 

8,118.  "  Incandescent  electric  lamps."  E.  P.  Becewitb.  April  7tb.  (Com- 
plete.) 

8,134.  "Incandescent  electric  lamps.'  E.  P. Becewith.  April  7tb.  (C^om- 
plete.) 

8.12S.  "  Dynamos."  C.  T.  MisoM.  (Convention  date,  April  38rd,  1912, 
United  States.)    April  7(b.    (Complete.) 

8,130.  "  Process  (or  the  regeneration  of  oil  employed  as  transformer  oil  and 
the  like  for  nse  for  electrical  parposes."  Siembhs  (<CHUCEEBTWEBsr.  O.h.b.H. 
Convention  date,  April  6tb,  1912,  Germany.)    April  7tb.    (Complete.) 

8,173.  "  Mode  and  apparatns  (or  sending  and  reproducing  telegraphic 
signs."  H.  Eableb  and  P.  KABUtB.  (Convention  date,  April  6th,  1912, 
Germany.)    April  7th.    (Complete.) 

8,188.  "  Telephone  exchange  systems."  D.  H.  Eexkect  and  J.  W.  Tusiieb. 
April  7th, 

8,198.  "  Electric  glow  lamp."  C.  B.  Herrminr.  (Convention  date,  De- 
•ember  16tb,  1912,  Germany.)    April  7th.    (Complete.) 

8,233.    "  Electric  lamps."    F.  WrsrwooD.    April  8th. 

8,340.  "  Apparatus  for  photographically  recording  electrical  measaremento 
and  for  like  purposaa."  Sikmzks  A  Halsee  Aet.  Qei,  (Convention  date, 
April  10th,  1912,  Germany.)    April  8tk.     (Complete.) 

•  344.  "Electrical  appliance  (or  ofe  in  hairdressiog."  J.  D.  MABnis. 
April  Stb. 

8.267.  "  Electric  collectors  for  tramway  and  like  vehicles."  A.  HELrEMSTEia. 
(Convention  date,  April  18th,  1912,  Aostria.)    April  8lh.     (Complete.) 

8.273.  "  Electrical  indicating  apparatOB  for  use  on  steam  trains."  W.  WarrB 
and  G.  H.  Gasdehxb.     April  8th. 

8.299.  "  Constmotion  of  eleotrioal  alarm  attachments  to  cloaks."  J.  Bowie 
and  A.  M.  Cabxei.ii.    April  9ib. 

8.300.  "  Method  of  constrnction  of  medical  shocking  coils."  i.  Bo'<riz  and 
A.  ^I.  Carmegiz.    April  9tb. 

8.301.  "  Electdc  arc  lamps."  EaawEEBma  akd  Aac  LaxtIi  Lrp.,  and  J^.T, 
DowDsu.    (Addnlons  to  lefilSIU.)    April  Bt)). 


8,308.  "Means  tor  and  method  of  applying  automatic  instantaneous 
switches  to  tbc  protection  of  electric  generators."  A.  M.  Tayloe.  (Addition  to 
7,141  o(  1910.)    April  9th. 

8,838.    "Electric  water-heaters  and  the  like."    E.  W.  Lahcasteb.   April  9th. 

8,853.  Process  of  electrolysis  and  apparatus  tberefcr."  E.  8.  Oditf.bmar. 
April  9lh.    (Complete.) 

8,371.    "  Ignition  device  for  bombs  and  mines."     P.  EirnBAi-EH.    April  9th. 

8,895.  "  Electric  heaters  for  liquids."  C.  0.  HAfKEiL.  April  9th.  (Gem- 
plete.) 

8,409.     "  Electric  switches."      Voiot  4  Haeffneb  Art.  Ges.      (Convention 
date,  July  8th,  1919,  Germany.)      April  9th.    (Complete.) 
8,413,    "  Telephone  call  apparatus."      Rebesi,  Ltd.,  and  F.  Holdbn.    April 

8.416.  "  Electrio  arc  lamps."  British  Tbombon-Houstoji  Co.,  Ltd. 
(General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    April  9tb. 

8.417.  "Manufacture  of  a  material  suitable  for  electrical  insulation  and 
other  purposes."  Bbiticb  TbomsorHouston  Co.,  Ltd.  (General  Electric 
Co.,  United  States.)    April  9th. 

H,434.     "Electric  lighting  vscuum  lamp."    L.  G.  Bbabieb.    April  lOtb. 

8,445.  "  Means  for  connecting  lampho'ders  to  bracket  cr  pendant  tubes,  or 
the  like  wire  conduits."    G.  St.  J.  Day.     April  10th. 

8,464.     "Electricallydriven  clocks."     P.  A.  Bentiet.    April  10th. 

8,467.  "Balacce  weight  sDspension  with  double  corductcrsupFortirs' cord 
(or  electric  lighting."    A.  Schichardt.    April  10th.    (Complete.) 

8,469.  "  Process  for  protecting  storage  batteries  and  cells  against  shocks 
and  knocks,  and  for  preventing  the  disaggregating  of  the  active  substance  o( 
the  plates."  F.  Sablon.  (Convention  date.  May  14th,  1912,  Fracce.)  April 
10th.     (Complete.) 

8.476.  "Method  of  and  apparatus  (or  generating  and  storing  electricity." 
I.  V.  Skvbztdlewbei.     April  10th.    (Complete.) 

8,485.  "  Magnetic  separators."  H.  J.  H.  Nathobst.  (Convention  date, 
April  18tb,  1912,  Sweden.)    April  10th.    (Complete.) 

8,539.     "  Electrical  contacts  or  connections."    J.  Dur.niLi..    April  11th. 

8,647.  "  System  o(  and  electric  control  (or  track  switches  o(  tramwajs  and 
the  like."    R.  Cuhhino.    April  11th. 

8,561.  "  Method  of  utilising  the  blow  of  a  door  knocker  cr  like  implement 
to  cause  the  ringing  of  an  electric  bell  attached  thereto."  G.  W.  Biacx. 
April  11th. 

8.563.  "  Electric  telegraphy."  R.  Appletabd  and  H.  W.  Malcoim.  April 
nth. 

8,668.    "  Incandescent  electric  lamp."    C.  Gcisn.    April  Utb. 

8,684.  "  Ignition  and  priming  devices  (or  internal-crmbustlon  engines  and 
the  like."    C.  Q.  Nobbs,  jch.,  and  L.  Dodbon.    April  lltb.    (Complete.) 

8,590.  "  Reflectors  for  electric  incandescent  lamps."  F.  W.  Euieb.  April 
llth. 

8,697.  "  Arc  lamps,"  N.  A.  Halbertsma.  (Convention  date,  April  19tb, 
1912,  Germany.)    April  llth.    (Complete.) 

8.601.  "  Electricity  motor  meters  nf  the  mercury  type."    CoMPAomR  pocb 

LA    FaBBIKATIOH    DEB    CoUPTEt'RS   ET   MaTEBIEL   D'UsINES    A   GaZ.     April   llth. 

(Complete.) 

8.602,  "  Means  for  nse  in  directly  measuring  small  variation  or  diflerences 
in  electrical  resistances."  Bartmamn  4  Brauh  Axt.  Geb.  (Convention  date. 
May  8th,  1912,  Germany.)    April  lltb.    (Oimplete.) 

8,615.  "Prepayment  automatic  telephones."  L.  Bregcet  and  Feereb 
Bregcet  et  Cie.    April  12tb.    (Complete.) 

8,634.  "  Automatic  systems  of  train  control  by  means  of  separately 
actuated  contactors."  Siemens  Bros.  Dtnako  Wobeb,  Ltd.,  and  A.  M. 
DcEE.    April  13th. 

8.665.    "  Electric  switches."    L.  Raecb.    April  13th. 

8.675.  "  High-potential  electrical  insulators."  British  TBOMSoa-HousTOii 
Co.,  Lid.    (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    April  13th. 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Mebsbs.  W.  p.  Tbomfbom  4  Co.,  286,  High  Holbom,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1911. 
Electrical  Dktbibction  Svstehs.    British  ThomBon-HouBton  Co.  and  E.  B. 

'    Wedmore.    28,868.    December  21st.    (Addition  to  No.  11,979  of  19C8.) 
Ststems  for  Starting  Intebkal-combuetion  Engines  and  the  Like.    C.  F. 
Kettering.    28,903.    December  22nd.     (April  17th,  1911.) 


1912. 

CoNTBOL  OF  Electric  Motors  fob  Electricallt-opebated  Driving  Btstebs. 

Crompton  4  Co.,  J.  C.  Macfarlane  and  H.  Burge.    4,996.    Febiuary  28tb. 

(May  13th,  1912.) 
Method    of,    and    Apparatus   fob,    Utilibino   Tkansforued    and    Pbjmart 

CrRREMTS.    W.  Dabilier.    6.909.    March  20th. 
Relays    fob    Electric    Control    Stbtemb.      British    The mson-Fouston    (3o. 

(General  Electric  Co.)    7,014.    March  21st. 
Telepbone  Systems.     E.  A.  Mellinger.    7,100.    March  22nd. 
Electbical  ArPARATis  foe  Protecting  the  Huilb  of  Ships  Ah d  other  Sob- 

MtBGED  StECCTVBES  FROM  BaBNACLEB  AND    OTHER    FoRMS    OF    AQFATIC    LiFE, 

J.  E.  James  and  W.  T.  Smith.    7,817.    March  26th. 
Electrically-operated  Avtomatic  PiAyo   and   L  ke  Players.    J.  T.  EiUey. 

7,370.    March  26th. 
Electric  and  AtrroMATic  Control  of  Engines,  Dytjamos  and  Battebies.    L. 

Sunderland    and    G.    C.    Pillinger.      7,875.      March    26th.      (Addition    to 

Mo.  39,944  of  1909.) 
Tf.lephoke  Apparatus.    E.  Grissinger.    7,482.    March  97th. 
BnUKH  Holders  for  Dvnamo-f.lectric  Machinery.    Akt.  Ges.  Brown,  Boveri 

etCie.    7,577.     March  2?th.    (May  8ih,  1911.1 
Apparatus  for  Elecibicallv  Recobdino  the  Amoint  or  Coal  Scppiiei'  to 

Bteaji  Generators.     \V.  Whltie  and  A.  E.  Langley.    7,886.    April  1st. 
Electric  Motor  Control  Bibtems.    British  Thomson-Houfcton  Co.    (General 

Electric  Co.)    8,611.    April  llth. 
Welding.    B.  S.  Kennedy  and  British  Arc  Welding  Co.    8.967.    April  16th. 
Corrcoated  Secondary  Battebv  Box.    E.  J.  Clark.    10,766.    May  7lh. 
Telephones.    R.  Lagua.    11,678.    May  l.'tb. 
Teleobaph  Apparatus.    E.Pope.     11,605.     May  15th. 
Securing  Electrical  Contact  with,  and  CoimNurrv  of,  the  Wire  Armourino 

on  Electric  Cables  whebe  the  Cables  are  Joined  Tooethxr,  or  whibz 

THEY  AiiE  Connected  to  Appabatds.    A.  Hepburn.    13,171.    June  4tb. 
Electbopes  fob  Arc  Lamps.    British  ThomsonHonston  Co.    (General  Electric 

Co.)    18,875.    Junefith. 
ELECiRif  ALLY-DBivEN  TiLLiKO  MACBrNES.    W.  Wortmann.     15,688.    July  4th. 
BtJoiBicAi  BwiicHis.    A,  H.   Kling  and  B.  D.   Horton.    16,299.    July  Utb, 

(July  Utb,  1911.) 


I'Jrl  J:i 


HirjEOTI^IC.A.I-1    I?/E'VIE'W_ 


Vol.  LXXII. 


MAY  2,  1913. 


No.  1,841). 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


THE    COMPETENT  PEKSON. 


Vol.  LXXII.] 


CONTENTS  :  May  2, 191». 


[No.  1 


,819. 
Page 

The  Competent  Person       709 

The  Electric  Vehicle  and  the  M.E.A 710 

A  Hritish  Trade  I'ropoBal  for  Siberia      710 

Electric  Katik  Work  ((7/«.v.)  711 

Tramway  Curves      712 

The  Humphrey  Pump         712 

Correspondence : — 

The  Preservation  of  Creosoted  Poles  713 

Prospects  in  Electrical  Engineerintr  713 

Salaries  and  Wages     713 

Nunits  and  AW  ns 7U 

The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  Lifts      714 

Bonecourt  Boilers  07Z««.) 714. 

Wew  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (iiZws.)      715 

Parliamentary  7U) 

Legal 717 

Business  Notes         719 

Notes 727 

City  Notes 729 

Stocks  and  Shares 7S6 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         737 

Gas  and  Oil  Engines  for  Electric  Supply  Stations        739 

The  Deputation        741 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Faraday  Society  741 

Physical  Society  742 

Standard  Glauses  for  Street  Lighting  Specifications  (illus.') 

(Discussion) 742 

Self-Synchronising  Machines  (intj*.)  744 

Water  Divination 747 

Foreign  and  Colonial  Tariffs  on  Electrical  Goods         747 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 747 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     748 

Contractors'  Column    ...     Advertieement  pages  xxii,  xxiv  and  xxvi 


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THE    UNIVERSAL    ELECTRICAL    DIRECTORY 

1913  EDITION. 

H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4,  Ludgate  Hill.  London,  E.C.i 


I.\  our  "  Legal "  columns  of  last  week  and  this  week  will 
be  found  the  report  of  an  appeal  case;  in  which  the  inter- 
pretation of  the  Home  Office  Regulations  is  brought  into 
question. 

The  facts  of  the  case  are,  briefly,  as  follows  :  At  the 
I'^incliley  sub-station  of  the  North  Metroijolitan  Electric 
Power  Supply  Co,,  the  cleaning  of  certain  resistances  was 
being  carried  out  on  ^larch  2.')th,  VJ12,  by  a  young  man 
named  Shapcot,  who  was,  as  directed  by  Rule  28  of  the 
above-named  Regulations,  working  under  the  direction  and 
supervision  of  another  man,  who  was  of  mature  age,  and 
whose  name  was  Styles.  Shortly  after  starting  this  work, 
Shapcot's  wrist  came  into  contact  with  an  insufficiently  insu- 
lated conductor,  the  potential  of  which  was  fJ,000  volts 
above  earth,  and  he  was  killed. 

On  June  2Gth,  1912,  the  company  was  convicted,  at  the 
Higbgate  Police  Court,  of  having  committed  breaches  of 
Rules  18  (d)  and  28  of  the  Regulations.  Proper  screens 
not  having  been  provided,  as  required  under  Rule  18  (d), 
the  Bench  inflicted  a  fine  of  £25,  with  £.j  5s.  costs  :  and  on 
the  ground  that  Shapcot  was  not  a  competent  person  over 
2 1  years  of  age,  but  was,  notwithstanding,  employed  to  do 
work  where  technical  knowledge  or  experience  was  required 
in  order  to  avoid  danger,  a  fine  of  40s.,  with  nominal  costs, 
was  imposed. 

The  company  appealed  against  both  convictions,  feeing 
that  in  the  first  instance  the  fine  of  £25  was  far  too  heavy — 
"  a  savage  penalty,"  as  their  counsel  expressed  it — and  that 
in  the  second  instance  there  should  not  have  been  any  con- 
viction at  all.  Their  ground  was  that,  if  the  decision  of 
the  Ilighgate  Bench  was  allowed  to  stand,  it  would  appear 
to  be  illegal  to  employ  any  youth  under  21  years  of  age  in 
a  generating  station  or  sub-station.  The  effect  of  any  such 
interpretation  of  the  Regulations — which  have,  of  course,  all 
the  force  of  an  Act  of  Parliament — might  be  unmistakably 
serious,  for  several  reasons.  One  is  that  no  person  could 
begin  to  get  works  experience  until  he  had  come  of  age, 
which  would  place  electrical  work  beyond  the  means  of 
many  ;  and  another  reason  which  has  been  put  forward  is 
that  the  poorer  undertakings  might  suffer  financially  by 
reason  of  the  higher  cost  of  older  men.  We  may  parentheti- 
cally remark  that,  in  our  opinion,  but  little  importance 
attaches  to  the  latter  contention  ;  supply  authorities, 
whether  company  or  municipal,  are  notoriously  bad  payers, 
and  the  wage  question,  especially  where  juniors  are  in 
question,  will  not  greatly  affect  them. 

As  in  many  other  instances,  the  wording  of  the  Regula- 
tion is  not  as  clear  as  it  might  be.  From  Rule  28,  which 
appeared  in  our  report  last  week,  it  appears  as  if  a  com- 
petent person  may  be  under  21  if  the  work  is  such  that 
technical  knowledge  is  required,  unless  that  work  be  repairs, 
alterations,  extension,  cleaning,  or  "  such "  work.  A 
cleaner,  however,  must  be  of  age  as  well  as  competent,  and 
09]  c 


710 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,K<9,  May  2,  1913. 


must  be  accompanied  by  an  authorised  person.  Not  even  an 
authorised  person  may  do  "  such  "  work  by  himself.  The 
object — worthy  and  laudable — of  the  Rules  is  the  avoidance 
of  danger,  but  their  interpretation  is  not  always  easy. 

It  was  contended,  in  reference  to  the  screens,  that  a 
passage  2  ft.  (>  in.  wide,  existing  between  the  side  which  was 
dead  and  that  which  was  alive  on  the  occasion  of  the 
fatality,  was  a  division  within  the  meaning  of  the  requirement, 
and  counsel  urged,  not  without  some  show  of  justification, 
that  no  amount  of  screening  could  prevent  a  man  from  going 
where  he  might  be  in  danger,  if  he  wished  to  go  there.  The 
contention,  however,  is  specious.  A  passage  is  for  people  to 
walk  along,  and  it  is  not  part  of  its  function  to  act  as  a 
means  of  preventing  people  from  stepping  across  from  one 
to  the  other  side  of  it.  And  instructions,  whether  written 
or  verbal,  will  not  prevent  rash  persons  from  exceeding  the 
limits  of  prudence.  The  argument  is  worthy  to  rank 
with  that  of  the  opposing  counsel,  who  thought  that  the 
fact  of  his  being  killed  was.  to  some  extent,  evidence  of  the 
man's  not  being  competent. 

The  appeal  came  before  a  special  sitting  of  the  Middlesex 
Quarter  Sessions,  at  Caxton  Hall,  on  Monday,  April  21st. 
The  result,  as  our  readers  have  already  been  informed, 
wa3  that  the  fine  of  £25  was  reduced  to  one  of  10  guineas, 
and  the  second  conviction  was  quashed.  It  was  held  that 
within  the  technical  meaning  of  the  regulation  Shapcot  was 
an  authorised  person. 

We  may  say  that,  on  the  evidence,  we  agree  with  this 
decision.  The  young  man  appears  to  have  had  training 
which  should  have  fitted  him  to  carry  out,  especially  under 
the  supervision  of  Styles,  who  was  an  authorised  person  as 
defined  by  the  Regulations,  the  work  which  he  was  on  this 
occasion  called  upon  to  do.  The  question  of  age  does  not, 
and  ought  not  to,  enter  into  the  matter.  Had  the  cable 
with  which  he  came  into  contact  been  dead,  instead  of  alive, 
or  had  it  been  screened  off  effectively  so  that  he  could  not, 
except  by  wilfully  transgressing,  have  touched  it  at  all,  the 
young  man  would  not  have  met  his  death.  The  Home 
Office  never  took  steps  to  see  whether  its  require- 
ments were  carried  out,  and  Mr.  Ram  said  in  his  evidence 
that  the  duty  of  complying  with  the  Regulations  was  on  the 
occupier.  Quite  so,  but  we  do  think  that  the  Government 
could  be  a  great  deal  more  useful  than  it  is  in  these  matters, 
if  advice  were  given  as  to  what  should  be  done,  and  if 
inspections  were  more  thorough.  The  Board  of  Trade 
has  to  administer  some  of  the  means  for  securing  safe 
operation,  and  the  Home  Office  others  of  them.  Then  the 
Local  Government  Board  has  a  say  as  to  the  spending  of 
money  (by  municipalities)  upon  this,  as  upon  other  objects. 
Between  the  lot  of  them  it  is  by  no  means  an  easy  matter  to 
be  always  sure  of  steering  the  right  course,  and  Nemesis 
inevitably  follows  fast  upon  discovered  error  in  respect  of 
any  of  them. 

We  suppose  it  goes  without  saying  that  the  chief  officials 
of  electricity  undertakings  invariably  try  to  the  best  of  their 
ability  to  carry  out  everything  that  is  necessary  for  the 
safety  of  the  people  employed.  Nobody  wants  men  killed 
on  his  works.  But  it  does  not  improve  the  situation  if, 
after  a  fatality,  the  Home  Office  comes  along  and  says  : — 
"  You  should  have  done  such-and-such  things,  although  we 
are  not  bound  to  see  that  you  do  them  ;  and,  in  any  case, 
you  ought  not  to  have  employed  that  person  to  do  the  work, 
because,  although  we  have  not  told  you  what  a  competent 
person  is,  we  do  not  consider  that  he  was  one." 

It  is  well  that  on  occasion  means  can  be  found  to 
straighten  out  these  tangles  :  but  it  were  better  by  far  if  the 
making  of  the  tangles  could  be  altogether  avoided. 


That  its  possible  sphere  of  usefulness  has  certain  economic 
limits  at  present  will  not  be  denied,  but  even  so,  an  excellent 
case  can  be  made  out  for  its  use  in  this  country  just  as 
much  as  in  the  States,  where  cleanliness,  and  simplicity  of 
control  and  maintenance,  coupled  with  reliability,  are 
important  factors,  and  the  journeys  can  be  limited  to,  say, 
■>0  or  75  miles  at  a  time.  Under  such  conditions  the 
battery  vehicle  can  defy  all  other  forms  of  road  traction,  and 
under  far  less  favourable  circumstances  it  has  apparently 
satisfied  keen  American  business  men  in  the  matter  of  both 
cost  and  convenience.  Take,  as  an  example,  the  American 
Pjxpress  Co.,  which  has  close  on  300  electric  trucks  in  use 
in  various  cities  and  towns,  where  the  conditions  vary 
widely — it  is  quite  certain  that  no  philanthropic  motive 
induced  this  firm  to  adopt  the  electric  in  preference  to,  say, 
the  petrol  car  for  this  service.  But  the  fact  that  of  the 
20,000  "  electrics  "  in  use  in  the  States,  some  0,000  are  of 
the  commercial  type,  and  that  in  a  country  where  practically 
a  million  motor-cars  of  all  kinds  are  in  use,  is  to  us  a 
sufficient  answer  to  those,  not  always  disinterested,  people  in 
this  country,  who  will  not  stop  to  consider  the  possible  utility 
of  the  electric  vehicle. 

The  matter  is  one  which,  of  course,  directly  affects 
central-station  engineers,  many  of  whom,  it  is  only  fair  to 
say,  fully  appreciate  the  situation  and  would  have  welcomed 
the  opportunity  to  help  the  movement  forward  if  a  good 
battery  vehicle  had  been  commercially  obtainable  in  (iroat 
Britain  in  the  same  way  as  it  has  been  for  some  time  in  the 
States.  Mainly  to  this  fact,  no  doubt,  is  due  our  backward- 
ness, and  we  can  therefore  congratulate  ourselves  now  that 
this  state  of  affairs,  so  unworthy  of  us  as  an  engineering 
people,  is  about  to  be  remedied  by  the  Arrol- Johnston  Co., 
a  third  of  whose  new  works  in  Scotland  has  been  specially 
designed  for  the  building  of  electrical  battery  vehicles.  We 
trust  that  this  firm,  and  any  others  who  are  able,  will  make 
the  most  of  the  occasion  presented  by  the  forthcoming  June 
convention  of  the  Municipal  Electrical  Association  in 
London,  where  the  reading  of  a  paper  on  '*  Ekctric 
Vehicles,"  by  Messrs.  Seabrook  and  Watson,  seems  to  offer 
an  opportunity  for  practical  demonstrations  of  electric 
vehicles  to  some  hundreds  of  representatives  of  electricity 
supply  undertakings,  including  engineers,  and  what  is 
possibly  more  important  in  this  case,  chairmen  of  electrical 
committees. 

Seeing  is  believing,  and  the  sight  of  a  few  business  and 
pleasure  vehicles  of  the  battery  type  on  this  occasion  will 
bring  conviction  to  the  right  people  far  more  readily  than 
an  acre  of  reading  matter  culled  from  American  sources. 

It  is  somewhat  surprising,  when  one  comes  to  ccnsider 
the  matter,  that  our  American  friends  have  not  given  more 
attention  to  electrical  vehicle  business  in  English  towns,  in 
view  of  the  good  roads,  cheap  electricity,  and  absence  of 
home  competition  in  this  country. 

Had  they  taken  advantage  of  the  lethargic  temperament 
of  the  British  vehicle  builder,  and  secure  in  the  extended 
knowledge  of  the  "  electric "  which  they  alone  possested, 
introduced  the  latter  as  energetically  as  their  confreres  have 
been  introducing  cheap  American  petrol  cars,  it  is  safe  to 
say  that  our  streets  would  not  be,  as  they  now  are  with 
slight  exception,  remarkable  for  the  absence  of  electric 
battery  vehicles. 


SiNCK  the   days   when,  at   the   Crystal 

^r'"^.*  .^^**^*l'f.     Palace  motor  shows,  it  was  not  such   a 
Vehicle  and  the  ,  ^,        •  i 

M.E.A.         stranger  as  it  is  now  at  Olympia,  we  qave 

frequently  had  occasion    to  refer   to   the 

advantages  of  the  electric  battery  vehicle  for  certain  classes 

of  town  work,  for  which  it  is  particularly  suited. 


As  we  briefly  intimated  in  our  last 
A  Br.lish  Trade  j^g^^^  ^  scheme  has  been  prepared  to  enable 
^'^Siirri  ^^  British  manufacturers  to  make  a  com- 
bined attack  upon  a  market  that  they 
have  so  far  neglected.  Expert  students  of  Siberia  have 
deplored  our  apathy  toward  what  is  a  vast  and  now  rapidly 
developing  territory,  where  engineering  re(juirements  are 
already  large  and  will  in  course  of  time  be  enormous. 
Germany  and  the  United  States  have  been  alive  to  the 
opportunity,  and  the  traders  of  those  two  countries  have 
secured  engineering  business  to  the  tune  of  many  millions  a 


Vol.  12.     No.  l.KIlt,  May  2,   19i:t. 


TIIK     MI.MC'rilKWh    IJKVII'AV. 


711 


year.  YcL  we  have  hceii  rejuuitwlly  and  crcdihly  informed 
that  there  Ih  a  marked  preference  amoiif;  tln^  liiiHHian  jcioples 
for  Hritihh  manufaeturea  I  The  present  en^inocrinj^  imports 
into  Sil)eria  are  valued  at  about  X  IT), 000, 000.  As 
Russian  fact<^)ries  are  unequal  to  meeting  machinery 
and  allied  needs  for  Russia,  it  is  imperative  tliat 
tiiere  must  be  importation,  both  for  European  Rufsia 
and  especially  for  the  widespread  territory  of  Siberia, 
with  its  mining,  agricultural  and  other  Industrie?.  Pro- 
bably few  of  our  readers  are  aware  at  what  a  rapid  rate 
progress  is  being  made  in  Siberia.  By  too  many  of  us  it 
is  regarded  chiefly  as  a  place  of  banishment  and  of 
terrible  winter,  but  there  is  (luite  another  and  more  correct 
aspect  to  be  put  before  us  if  we  will  take  pains  to  find  out 
the  real  state  of  things.  The  Russian  Government  is  taking 
energetic  action  to  foster  industrial  development,  population — 
by  immigration  and  otherwise — is  growing  rapidly,  imports 
are  rising,  the  engineering  imports  being  already  nearly  as 
large  as  those  into  Russia,  and  there  are  fine  possibilities  in 
respect  to  agriculture,  timber,  mining,  and  so  forth. 
Though  neither  an  engineering  nor  an  electrical  example  we 
may  cite  an  illustration — maybe  it  is  somewhat  exceptional — 
of  what  is  taking  place.  Novo-Nikolaievsk  (formerly  Obi) 
seven  years  ago  had  a  population  of  100.  To-day  owing  to 
the  growth  of  the  butter  trade  and  agricultural  interests,  it 
is  a  thriving  town  of  33,000  inhabitants  I  This  is  more 
suggestive  of  gold-fever  than  of  dairying.  There  are  many 
rich  mining  areas  that  have  scarcely  been  touched,  and  what 
is  of  considerable  importance,  the  Russian  Government  policy 
is  favourable  to  machinery  importation. 

Briefly  stated,  the  reasons  why  British  traders  have  not 
been  so  successful  as  their  competitors  in  Siberia  are  these  : — 
Absence  of  suitable  representation,  reluctance  to  give  credit, 
distrust  of  Russian  business,  and  excessive  profit-seeking  by 
middlemen.  These  points  might  each  be  elaborated  here, 
but  it  is  not  necessary.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  the  successful 
experience  of  other  countries  shows  that  on  the  whole  the 
results  attending  the  long-credit  system  have  not  been 
unfavourable,  and  that  the  secret  of  success  lies  in  having 
the  right  men  resident  in  the  country,  getting  into  touch 
with  the  actual  buyers,  learning  and  meeting  the  full 
requirements  of  the  market.  The  country  is  too  large  for 
individual  firms  to  hope  to  cover  it  efficiently  without 
enormous  expense,  and  in  view  of  the  present  early  state  of 
developments  such  outlay  would  hardly  be  warranted  in  the 
case  of  electrical  or  small  engineering  firms  single-handed. 
Rut  we  cannot  afford  to  leave  matters  as  they  are,  nnless  we 
are  going  to  be  content  for  so  fine  a  field  to  be  lost  to  British 
trade  for  many  years,  and  perhaps  permanently.  Our  hope, 
therefore,  must  be  in  a  sort  of  amalgamation  of  interests,  a 
number  of  manufacturers  putting  down  so  much  money  as 
an  investment  and  acting  in  combination.  This  course  has 
been  recommended  by  the  British  Consul  at  Vladivostok, 
and  by  others  who  know  the  prospects  as  well  as  the  state  of 
competition. 

Such  a  scheme  has  been  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Arthur  G. 
Marshall,  of  Westminster,  to  work  under  the  title  of  the 
Ikitish  Engineering  Co.,  of  Siberia,  and  it  is  now  receiving 
preliminary  consideration  at  the  hands  of  several  of  our 
firms.  The  scope  of  its  activities  will  embrace  railway  and 
light  railway  equipments,  electric  lighting  plant  and 
materials,  engines  and  boilers,  and  all  sorts  of  agricultural, 
mining  and  general  machinery  equipments. 

The  new  company,  when  it  gets  to  work,  will  have 
registered  offices  in  London,  with  branches  in  Western 
Siberii  at  Omsk,  at  Vladivostok  for  Eastern  Siberia,  and 
at  Ekaterinburg  for  the  Ural  mining  district.  With  the 
carefully  worked  out  details  of  the  concern  it  is  unnecessary 
to  deal  here  ;  but  firms  who  desire  to  obtain  fuller 
information  would  do  well  to  get  into  touch  with  Mr. 
Marshall,  who  has  originated  the  proposal  after  study  of  the 
market  at  close  quarters,  and  after  engineering  trading 
experience  in  various  parts  of  the  world.  Any  undertaking 
liljfely  to  assist  British  manufacturers  legitimately  to  secure  a 
fair  share  of  trade  in  the  world's  vast  territories  which  are 
awakening  to  the  call  of  civilisation,  has  our  best  wishes  for 
its  success. 


ELECTRIC     BATIK    WORK. 


[lIY    OIK    IIKIU.IN   roUKKIll'ONUKNT.J 

Batik  work  has  been  practised  from  time  immemorial  by 
the  natives  of  Java,  and  (wnsiBts  in  producing  {mtternB  bj 
means  of  licjuid  wax  on  a  bright  fabric,  paper  or  the  like, 
which  is  eventually  dyed. 

Such  parts  of  the  fabric  as  correspond  to  the  \Mi\Atm 
having  been  covered  with  hot  li()ui(l  wax,  the  whole  ia 
dipped  into  a  dye-stuff  li(|uid,  when  the  covered  portions 
are  unallected,  whereas  the;  remainder  is  dyed  uniformly. 

After  drying,  the  same  fabric  (which  is  now  parti- 
coloured) can  again  be  covered  with  a  pattern  which,  by  the 
Batik  process,  is  preserved  in  the  former  colour,  whereas  the 


Fig.  1. — Electric  Batik  Pe.ncil  in  use. 

background  takes  a  darker  hue,  and  the  same  operation  can 
be  repeated  several  times  until  the  background  has  become 
quite  dark. 

After  removing  the  wax  by  washing  the  whole  piece  of 
fabric  with  petrol  (gasoline),  the  various  colours  are  brought 
out  most  effectively  on  the  dark  background.  Wonderful 
colour  effects  are  thus  obtained  such  as  can  be  ensured  by  no 
printing  process,  the  fabric  being  permeated  entirely  with 
colour,  which  is  best  appreciated  on  holding  the  fabric 
against  the  light. 

The  possibilities  of  Batik  work  are  by  no  means  so  limited 
as  would  appear  at  first  sight.      The  same  process  can,    in 


Fig.  2.— Specijiek  of  Batik  Work. 

fact,  be  applied  to  wood  stained  in  several  hues  (or  en- 
graved), as  well  as  to  metal  dyed  or  etched  by  chemicals. 
Especially  beautiful  etchings  can  thus  be  produced  on  copper, 
brass,  &.c. 

The  instrument  used  by  the  Javanese  in  applying  the  was 
is  some  sort  of  small  funnel  fixed  to  a  handle,  with  a  fine 
opening  in  which  the  wax  is  heated  over  a  coal  fire. 
Similar  attachments,  or  else  closed  reservoirs  terminating 
underneath  in  a  point  and  small  opening,  are  used  in  Europe 
where  Batik  work  has  been  introduced.  In  connection 
with  all  these  devices,  the  wax  must,  however,  be  re-heated 
from  time  to  time  (over  an  alcohol,  gas  or  gasoline  flame), 


712 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol. 


No.  l,s-'9,  May  2,  191  :^. 


and  cools  rapidly  dunn<;  operation.  This  lack  of  uniformity 
in  the  temperature  of  the  wax,  of  course,  entails  a  number  of 
drawbacks,  "While  the  liquid  wax  immediately  after  heat- 
ing flows  out  very  freely  and  is  liable  to  produce  too  thick 
lines  or  even  blots,  the  flow  soon  slows  down  as  the  wax 
cools. 

In  order  to  ensure  an  absolutely  uniform  temperature  of 
the  wax,  a  (lernian  lady.  Krau  (iertrud  T.amprecht-iiewecke, 
of  Nuremberg,  has  devised  an  electrically-heated  Batik 
pencil.     Apart  from   uniformity  in  the  thickness  of   lines. 


¥iu.  3,— Sectioxal  View  ok  Electkic  I?.\tik  Pencil. 

this  ensures  considerably  more  rapid  work  (the  continual 
re-heating  being  dispensed  with)  and  far  greater  ease  and 
accuracy. 

The  electric  Hatik  pencil  is  represented  in  longitudinal  sec- 
tion in  fig.  3,  a  being  a  cylindrical  wax-holder,  to  the  lower 
part  of  which  is  screwed  a  mouth-piece  '  with  a  fine  bore  d. 
A  fine  sieve  c,  placed  in  the  wax-holder  above  the  mouth- 
piece, will  retain  any  impurities  of  the  liquid  wax/. 

The  wax  is  heated  by  the  heating  coil  h,  the  wires  from 
which  pass  through  the  handle  //,  being  connected  in  its 
interior  with  a  flexible  cord  /,  by  means  of  which  the  l?atik 
pencil  can  be  joined  up  directly  to  a  contact  box  for  110  or 
1 20  volts  (or  through  a  series  resistance  to  higher  pressures). 
The  Batik  pencil  can  be  used  with  continuous  as  well  as 
alternating  currents,  its  consumption  being  qbout  the  same  as 
that  of  a  small  or  medium-sized  incandescent  lamp. 


TRAMWAY    CURVES. 


By  ARTIIUK  J.  BOUSFIELD,  A.M.I.Mech.E. 


EvK.x  a  cursory  examination  of  the  lay-out  of  some  of  the 
curves  on  street  tramAvays  reveals  the  fact  that  the  question 
of  super-elevation  of  the  outer  rail  has  been  ignored,  and 
that  the  rails  are  either  horizontal  or  have  the  sujier- 
elevation  in  the  wrong  direction. 

This  is  very  often  due  to  the  Highways  Department  over- 
ruling the  advice  of  the  tramway  engineer,  and  recent  accidents 
and  derailments  show  how  serious  this  disregard  of  the  laws 
of  motion  and  gravity  may  be.  AVlien  a  car  is  swinging 
round  a  curve  it  tends  to  leave  the  rails  and  follow  a  straight 
line  tangent  to  the  curve  at  that  point,  the  restraining  force 
keeping  it  in  a  circular  path  l)eing  the  reaction  of  the  rail 
against  the  wheel  flange.  The  measure  of  this  force  is  the 
same  as  the  centrifugal  force  due  to  the  weight,  direction 
and  velocity  of  the  car,  and  is  given  by — 

r  f  =  s\  y"j-i2  /•, 
where  m  is  the  weight  of  the  car  in  lb.  :  v  the  velocity  in 
ft./aec.  ;  r  the  radius  of  curve  in  feet. 

As  the  centre  of  gravity  of  a  car  is  above  rail  level,  this 
force  has  a  twisting  moment  tending  to  overthrow  the  car. 
With  a  10-ton  car,  having  its  r.<..,  say,  7  ft.  above  rail 
•  level,  this  amounts  to  .^-l'.'.O  lb.  ft.,  or,  say,  equal  to  the 
effect  of  two  1  -ton  screw  jacks,  one  at  each  of  the  inside 
axle-boxes,  trying  to  overthrow  the  car.     To  counteract  this 


be  met,  when  raisuig 
a  judicious  remetalling 
road  over  a  suflicient 
It   is   surprising    what 


force  we  must  use  the  force  of  gravity  by  raising  the  outside 
rail  ;  the  weight  is  now  acting  on  an  inclined  plane  and  in 
opposition  to  the  twisting  moment. 

The  super-elevation  in  inches  necessary  is  given  by — 
(;  v-^/2-C(;  r, 
where  (<  =  gauge  in  feet,  v  =  velocity  in  miles  per  hour, 
r  =  radius  in  feet.  With  minus  super-elevation,  the  wider 
the  gauge  and  the  higher  the  c.c,  the  greater  the  danger. 
Given  correct  super-elevation,  the  pressure  and  consequently 
the  wear  on  the  outer  rail  is  reduced,  and  if  tbe  (.<;.  is 
raised  without  increasing  the  total  weight,  the  pressure  on 
the  outer  rail  is  still  further  reduced.  This  point  should 
not  be  lost  sight  of  in  the  design  of  locomotives,  water-tank 
cars,  &c. 

The  reduction  in  pressure  on  the  outside  rail  due  to 
super-elevation  is  often  as  much  as  1.')  per  cent.  Super- 
elevation should  not  exceed  4  or  .■■)  in.  as  cars  moving 
slowly  would .  be  liable  to  leave  the  rail  on  the  inside 
of  the  curve.  Trouble  with  tiie  Highways  Department 
on  account  of  interference  with  the  crowning  of  the 
road  and  drainage  can  generally 
the  level  of  the  outside  rail,  by 
or  paving  of  the  surface  of  the 
area  on  that  side   of   the   road. 

can  be  done  by  stealing  an  inch  here  and  there.  When 
the  necessary  super-elevation  cannot  be  obtained  by  this 
means,  the  speed  of  the  cars  must  be  reduced  to  a  safe 
figure,  but  where  there  is  minus  or  no  super-elevation  on  a 
curve  at  the  foot  of  a  gradient,  the  curve  is  never  safe,  and 
the  first  car  that  gets  out  of  control  ever  so  little  is  in  grave 
danger. 

Another  source  of  trouble  in  maintenance  and  derailment 
on  curves  is  the  practice  of  laying  out  all  curves  in  arcs  of 
circles.  This  is  often  necessary  in  this  country  owing  to 
Board  of  Trade  restrictions  as  to  the  minimum  clearanc'3 
between  car  and  curb,  but  wherever  possible  curves  should 
be  spiral  or  parabolic,  the  radius  of  curvature  increasing  as 
the  curve  approaches  the  straight. 

The  length  of  the  rectangular  lines  enclosing  the  curve 
should  not  be  less  than  4S  ft.  This  easement  of  the  curve 
avoids  the  na$,ty  knuckle-joint  efl'ect  at  the  entrance  of  the 
curve,  and  materially  decreases  the  excessive  wear  at  this 
point.  Starting  from  a  position  at  the  centre  of  the  curve, 
governed  by  curb  clearance,  the  curve  can  Ije  easily  laid  out 
in  the  well-known  way  of  drawing  a  parabola  by  means  of 
three  road  pins  and  two  lengths  of  line. 

Many  engineers  widen  the  gauge  at  a  curve,  and  tables, 
presumably  based  on  railway  experience,  are  published 
regarding  this  in  technical  hand-books,  but  the  writer  is  of 
the  opinion  that  a  tramway  curve  should  be  kept  to  the 
same  gauge  as  on  the  straight,  unless  the  wheel  base  length 
and  radius  of  curve  are  abnormal. 

Initial  widening  of  the  gauge  at  curves  results  in  the  car 
progressing  round  the  curve  in  a  series  of  short  straight  lines, 
and  giving  a  jolt  at  each'  change  of  direction,  resulting  in 
well-defined  and  localised  wear. 


THE     HUMPHREY     PUMP. 


[CO.AIMrXICATED.] 


Till",  Humphrey  pump  having  proved  so  great  a  success  at 
Chingford,  this  great  invention  must  take  its  place  in  the 
industrial  world  for  what  it  is  worth.  AVhat  will  it  do  for 
electricity  ?  At  the  first  blush  its  effect  might  appear  to  be 
in  a  direction  inimical  to  electrical  methods.  It  will  oust 
the  electrically-driven  centrifugal  pump  in  many  cases  where 
water-produced  electricity  is  not  the  source  of  power,  for 
what  compound  of  steam  or  gas  engine  and  electrically- 
driven  pump  can  hope  to  compete  in  economy  of  initial  cost 
or  in  running  cost  with  a  direct  gas-driven  pump  using  only 
1  lb.  or  so  of  fuel  per  water  horse-power  ? 

Fiut  this  very  fuel  economy  will  serve  to  make  the  pump 
an  aid  to  electrical  development.  The  big  gas  engine  has 
its  disadvantages,  and  some  engineers  object  to  it  and  do  not 
consider  it  has  a  good  and  steady  turning  moment.  AVith  a 
Humphrey  pump,  a  steady  turning  moment  can  be  obtained 


Vol.  71.     No.   I.HI'.t,  May  2,  r.U:t. 


THE    ELECTRICAI.    KKVIEW. 


718 


by  the  use  of  ii  turbine  driven  by  a  wiiterlali  iirtitieiully  pro- 
duced by  the  <;as  ])ump.  In  tliis  way  the  \nun\i  may  be 
found  to  do  more  for  the  electrical  industry  than  it  will  do 
a<>:uinst  it. 

Tlic  f^reat  pumps  at  Ohinj^ford  are  extremely  intereBtin{( 
to  wateh  when  at  work.  There  is  an  oscillatinjf  column 
of  water  in  a  hi<;h  tower  of  about  14  ft.  diameter  at  the 
water  surface,  and  there  is  a  dome-shaped  gas  chamber 
carrying  four  sets  of  spring  opened  or  spring  closed  air  and 
gas  and  exhaust  valves.  And  there  is  some  very  light  and 
simple  mechanism  which  serves  to  lock  these  difterent 
groups  of  valves,  which  are  automatic  in  their  move- 
ments but  for  this  controlling  lock.  All  movements  being 
slow  and  deliberate  there  is  no  noise,  and  yet  at  each 
explosion  in  the  chamber  about  1 2  tons  of  water  are  sent 
into  the  new  reservoir.  But  the  flow  to  the  reservoir  is  steady 
and  continuous,  although  it  is  the  outcome  of  10  to  12 
additions  per  minute  each  of  a  dozen  tons  of  water.  The  suc- 
cessive additions  of  masses  of  1 2  tons  are  shown  by  the  rise 
of  water  in  the  water  tower,  the  four  oscillations  in  which 
take  place  while  all  the  time  tlie  steady  flow^  goes  on  to  the 
reservoir.  The  one  end  of  the  great  oscillating  mass  of 
water  is  always  moving  forward  and  the  other  end  is 
alternately  moving  in  both  directions,  the  water  in  the 
tower  acting  as  a  part  of  the  gas  engine  and  also  as  a  flow 
equaliser. 

A  curious  feature  of  the  whole  apparatus  is  its  certainty  of 
action  combined  with  a  certain  casual  sort  of  go-as-you- 
please  motion,  which  could  not  obtain  had  the  whole 
machine — if  we  may  call  it  a  machine — not  been  accurately 
worked  out.  This  quality  of  the  pump  differentiates  it  from 
the  gas  engine,  which  has  the  disadvantage  that  accrues  from 
every  stroke  of  the  piston  being  of  equal  length,  thus  com- 
pelling exhaust  before  expansion  has  been  carried  far  enough. 
In  the  Humphrey  pump,  expansion  is  carried  to  such  a  point 
that  the  gas  chamber  is  scavenged  on  the  working  stroke  and 
the  burned  gases  are  placed  next  the  exhaust  valve.  In  this 
way  there  is  a  stratum  of  clean  air  between  tlie  charge  and 
the  residual  exhaust,  and  there  is  also  a  stratum  of  clean  air 
between  the  water  piston  and  the  burned  air.  With  clean 
anthracite  this  may  be  a  matter  of  no  moment,  but  it  adds 
a  further  safeguard  where  fuels  of  less  purity  are  employed. 

The  Chingford  pumps  are  not  merely  a  witness  to  Mr. 
Humphrey's  engineering  genius,  but  a  monument  to  the 
courage  of  Mr.  W.  B.  Bryan,  who  acted  on  his  convictions 
when  he  accepted  this  pump. 

It  is  not  too  often  that  the  engineer  of  a  great  under- 
taking has  the  courage  of  his  convictions  in  respect  of  novel 
appliances.  To  such  lack  of  courage,  or  of  ability  to  realise 
when  a  novel  appliance  ought  to  be  accepted,  we  may  trace 
the  ruin  of  too  many  men  of  genius  in  engineering  affairs. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Lettert  received  by  ut  after  5  P.M.  ON  Tttesdat  canTwt  appear  until 
the  follouring  week.  Correspondenti  should  forward  their  communi- 
catioTU  at  the  earliest  possible  vunnent.  No  letter  can  be  published 
unless  we  have  the  writer's  name  and  address  in  our  possession. 


The  Preservation  of  Creosoted  Poles. 

If  Mr.  Wade  will  kindly  do  me  the  favour  of  reading  my 
article  again,  he  will  not,  I  think,  find  himself  in  serious 
disagreement  with  the  views  expressed.  I,  too,  am  a  strong 
advocate  of  creosoted  poles,  but  there  is  nothing  to  be  gained 
by  claiming  more  for  the  creosoting  process  than  is  set  forth 
in  my  brief  contribution  on  the  subject,  which  appeared  in 
the  Electrical  Review  a  fortnight  ago. 

Mr.  Wade's  suggestion  of  cutting  notches  and  boring 
holes  in  poles  he/ore  they  are  creosoted  is  more  interesting 
than  convincing.  How  could  anyone  state  beforehand  the 
number  of  notches  that  would  be  required,  or  whether  a 
pole  would  require  2  ft.  cutting  off  to  maintain  the  sym- 
metry of  the  line  ?  These  things  could  perhaps  be  arranged 
by  a  small  contractor  having  a  short  telephone  line  to  equip, 
but  when  a  few  hundred  poles  are  involved,  as  is  frequently 
the  case  on  our  English  railways,  a  large  stock  has  to  be 
kept.  These  poles  are  demanded  from  the  depot  as  and 
when  required,  after  which  they  are  armed  on  the  ground. 


Several  years  ago,  tin;  iuU;  .\Jr.  J,iingdon  wrtjt<;  um  foiiow.H  ; 
— "  It  is  neither  deHirabU;  nor  iicciHcaiy  that  the  tiiiilitr  of 
telegraph  poles  should  Ix;  coini)lete!y  f;liargcd  with  creowjle." 
With  these  words  i  entirely  agree — not  because  the  deceatied 
gentleman  once  said  bo,  but  l)ecause  20  years'  practical 
exijerience  has  taught  me  that  Mr.  liuogdon  wag  quite 
right. 

"Communicated." 


Prospects  in  Electrical  Engineering. 

As  the  advertiser  referred  to  by  Mr.  I>lack  in  your  last  isHue 
in  connection  with  tlie  above,  j)ermit  me  to  remark  that  I  have 
a  suspicion  your  correspondent  belongs  to  that  type  of  engineer 
correctly  described  by  himself  in  tlie  ninth,  tenth  and  eleventh 
lines  of  his  letter,  and  has  made  poor  progress  in  even  that 
study,  as  he  apparently  is  quite  unable  to  discriminate 
between  appointments  having  jirobabilities  and  thofe  having 
possibilities  :  such  being  the  case,  it  is  not  surprising  he  is 
dissatisfied  ;  lack  of  perspicacity  and  jealousy  of  the  other 
man  usually  reaps  its  own  harvest. 

H.  L.  Aiderton. 

(iuildford,  April  28///,  1913. 


Salaries  and  Wages. 

By  a  printer's  error  you  have  printed  the  word  "  mini- 
mum "  where  it  should  have  been  "  maximum,"  as  under- 
lined in  red  on  the  enclosed  copy.  Will 'you  please  correct 
this,  as  it  is  of  vital  importance  to  the  value  of  the  whole 
scale. 

A.  Hugh  Seabrook, 

General  Afanager. 

St.  Marylebone  Electric  Supply, 
April  28//^  1913. 

[We  regret  the  error,  which  occurred  on  page  G70  of  our 
last  issue  ;  in  the  sub-heading  "IMinimum  Wages  for  General 
Employment,"  the  first  word  should  have  been  "  maximum." 
The  correction  is,  as  Mr.  Seabrook  points  out,  of  vital  im- 
portance.— Eds.  Elec.  Rev.] 


]\Iany  members  of  the  electrical  profession  will  feel  grateful 
to  Mr.  A.  Hugh  Seabrook  for  the  trouble  he  has  taken  in 
giving  a  detailed  account  of  the  classification  and  maximum 
wages  of  the  various  grades  of  workers  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  St.  Marylebone  Electricity  Supply 
Committee. 

This  method  of  grading  is  a  great  improvement  on  those 
of  numerous  supply  authorities,  preferably  municipalities 
throughout  the  kingdom,  who  promote  men  simply  by 
seniority,  i.e.,  by  the  length  of  time  men  have  been  in  their 
service,  but  which  is,  on  moral  principle,  radically  wrong. 

In  doing  so  they  are  merely  copying  the  Government,  and 
often  give  this  reason  as  their  justification  :  but,  alas  I  the 
Government's  policy  is  not  always  the  wisest,  and  whatever 
reasons  are  put  forward  by  them  in  commendation  of  this 
mode  of  procedure,  it  certainly  should  not  be  applied  to 
central  station  engineers,  with  whom  ability  and  brains  are 
absolutely  essential. 

The  principle  is  unjust,  because  it  does  not  encourage  a 
man  to  develop  any  initiative.  Again,  it  is  only  fair  where 
there  are  three  men  each  in  charge  of  a  shift  at  a  pow6r 
station,  and  each  have  equal  responsibilities  devolving  on 
them,  that  they  should  be  paid  ecjual  wages. 

There  are  numerous  electricity  supply  works  where  one 
man  receives  a  considerably  bigger  wage  than  another,  though 
both  undertake  the  same  amount  of  responsibility,  and 
yet  the  man  who  receives  the  least  wage  may  be  married, 
and  have  had  a  far  wider  engineering* experience  than  the 
other,  who  besides,  perhaps,  being  single,  has  not  the  same 
amount  of  ability. 

I  must  point  out  that  although  the  above  applies  to  a 
very  considerable  number  of  electricity  companies,  I  am 
dealing  more  particularly  with  the  methods  of  muni- 
cipal councils,  who,  there  is  not  the  slightest  doubt, 
do  their  best  in  matters  of  management  as  far  as 
their  knowledge  permits,  yet  w'uo  are  nevertheless  in- 
structed and  tacitly  governed  by  the  chief  engineers,  and 


714 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol. 


No.  1,849,  May  2,  1913. 


this  13  because  they  are  ignorant  on  matters  appertaining  to 
the  real  working  of  the  stations. 

It  should  be  the  duty  of  the  councils  governing  all 
municipal  electricity  supply  undertakings,  which  are  not 
supposed  to  be  run  as  financial  concerns,  to  pay  a  man  not 
only  a  living  wage,  but  according  to  the  amount  of  responsi- 
bility he  is  required  to  undertake,  before  any  attempt  be  made 
to  reUeve  the  rates,  &c. 

If  a  man  be  worth  employment  at  all  he  is  entitled  to  a 
living  wage,  but  alas  1  how  many  well  trained  men  there  are 
in  the  central-station  profession,  who,  it  is  little  suspected  by 
the  general  public  and  even  the  municipal  council,  have 
responsibility  to  the  extent  of  thousands,  and  yet  are  eking 
oat  a  mere  subsistence. 

I  ask  the  question,  if  a  chief  engineer  of  an  electricity 
supply  works  is  worth,  say,  £20  per  week,  generally  speaking, 
what  are  his  charge  engineers  worth  ? 

Although  the  answer  to  this  question  cannot  be  made  with 
any  mathematical  accuracy,  yet  even  a  guessed  amount 
would  be  considerably  more  than  the  latter  receive  for  their 
work  in  many  instances. 

In  conclusion,  let  us  hope  and  trust  that  many  munici- 
palities and  private  companies  will  follow  the  example  of  the 
St.  Marylebone  electric  supply — abolish  the  rotten  method 
of  promotion  by  seniority,  and  advance  men  according  to 
their  abilities,  and  pay  them  in  proi)ortion  to  the  amount  of 
responsibility  they  are  required  to  undertake,  then  we  shall 
have  the  right  man  in  tbe  right  place,  and  everybody  will 
be  satisfied. 

A.  C.  Black. 


Mnoits  and  Abbns. 


I  hope  you  will  not  often  coin  new  words  of  this  sort. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  the  craze  for  abbreviations  is  being 
carried  too  far,  but  by  the  law  of  survival  of  the  fittest,  the 
useless  ones  will  die  a  natural  death. 

Few  who  have  not  seen  "  Milestones  "  will  remember  that 
"  cab  "  is  short  for  "  cabriolet."  Again,  whoever  talks  of 
"  a  taximeter  cab,"  when  "  taxi  "  is  available  ? 

It  is  told  of  an  eminent  professor  that,  hearing  one  of  his 
staff  mention  the  word  "  ammeter,"  he  said  severely,  "  Why 
do  you  say  'ammeter'-'  You  might  just  as  weM  say 
'  vomiter  I  '  " 

A.  K. 


The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  Lifts. 

Referring  to  the  article  which  appeared  in  the  issue  of  the 
Electrical  Review  of  the  ixth  inst.  under  the  above 
heading,  I  should  like  to  say  that,  although  there  are  many 
so-called  "  Safety  Locks  "  for  lifis  on  the  market,  I  have  not 
until  the  last  few  weeks  seen  a  lift  lock  which  is  absolutely 
safe,  inasmuch  as  they  all  depend  for  mechanical  locking  on 
the  motion  of  the  cage  itself  (distinction  should  be  made 
between  locking  and  latching).  The  action  of  practically  all 
modern  lift  locks,  with  the  exception  of  the  one  mentioned 
above,  is  as  follows  : — 

When  the  gate  or  door  is  closed,  the  latch  or  hook  portion 
on  the  gate  engages  with  tlie  locking  mechanism  in  such  a 
manner  that  a  gate  must  be  latched  (not  locked)  before  the 
electrical  locking  can  take  place.  When  this  has  been 
accomplished  the  locking  mechanism  is  ready  for  the 
mechanical  locking  to  be  carried  out,  and  this  is  done  by 
means  of  a  spring  or  gravity-controlled  lever  which  is  held 
out  of  the  locking  position  by  a  striking  plane  on  the  cage 
while  same  is  standing  at  a  floor,  and  which  lever  is,  when 
the  cage  has  moved  a  certain  distance  from  the  Hoor,  released 
and  allowed  to  move  into  such  a  position  that  it  mechani- 
cally locks  the  gate  which  cannot  be  opened  until  the  cage 
arrives  at  that  particular  floor  again.  It  is  easily  seen  that 
such  mechanism  cannot  be  quite  certain  in  action,  as  the 
spring  or  gravity-controller  lever  may  very  easily  fail,  and 
the  cage  could  then  move  away  from  the  floor,  and  the  gate 
afterwards  be  opened  when  the  cage  was  not  opposite  the 
opening.  There  are  also  various  other  faults  which  would 
entail  a  long  description  to  enumerate. 

The  lock  mentioned  above  which  has  within  the  last  few 
weeks  been  placed  on  the  market  by  a  firm  of  well-known 
lift  engineers,  is  the  only  one  which  successfully  overcomes 
a'l  the  defects  which  have  up  to  the  present  existed  in  lift 


safety  locks.  Witli  this  lock,  the  gates  or  doors  must  be 
both  electrically  and  mechanically  locked  (not  merely  latched) 
before  any  movement  of  the  cage  can  take  place,  and  the 
locking  action  depends  in  no  way  upon  the  motion  of  the  cage. 
Also,  the  gate  cannot  be  opened  while  the  cage  is  passing 
the  floor,  but  only  when  the  control  current  has  been  cut  off 
by  the  operator  or  the  control  gear,  and  the  cage  is  opposite 
the  floor  at  which  it  is  desired  to  stop,  thus  preventing  persons 
who  are  waiting  for  the  left  at  various  floors  stopping  the  cage 
as  it  passes  the  floor  by  opening  the  gate.  This  lock  will, 
therefore,  be  seen  to  be  unique  in  its  action  and  absolutely 
safe. 

I  would  suggest  that  it  is  high  time  that  the  question  of 
safety  locks  for  lifts  should  be  considered  seriously  by  these 
responsible  for  regulations  regarding  the  safety  of  the  public, 
and  measures  taken  to  prevent  death  traps  being  fitted  to 
lifts  under  the  name  of  "  safety  locks." 

TV.  J.  F.  Cooper. 

London,  April  24/A,  1913. 


BONECOURT    BOILERS. 


An  interestinp  brochure  has  been  issued  by  the  Bonecourt  Surface 
Combustion,  Ltd.,  describinfr  the  Bonecourt  boiler,  which  is  fired 
with  pas,  and  attains  an  extraordinarily  high  thermal  efficiency, 
approaching  9")  per  cent.     One  of  these  boilers  has  been  in  use  at 


'/4  00 


no 


Fig.  1.— Temperature  Diagram  fob  Bonecourt  Tube,  fob 
Boiling  at  Atmospheric  Pressure. 

the  works  of  the  Skinningrove  Iron  Co.  since  November,  191 1,  and 
a  repeat  order  has  recently  been  placed  with  the  makers.  A  boiler 
exhibited  at  Olympia  in  October  last,  was  described  in 
our  pages  at  the  time.  A  special  type  of  boiler  for  outputs 
up  to  11,000  lb.  of  steam  per  hour,  and  for  working  pressures  up  to 
225  lb.  per  sq.  in.,  has  been  designed  for  the  company  by  Mr. 
Michael  Longridge  ;  the  section  and  elevation  of  one  of  these  are 


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Fig.  2. — Bonecoubt  Boiler.  Rectangular  Type. 

shown  in  the  accompanying  illustration  (6g.  2),  in  which  it  will  be 
seen  that  full  advantage  has  been  taken  of  the  rapid  transfer  of 
heat  from  the  fine  gases  to  the  water  by  reducing  the  length  of 
the  boiler  to  3  ft.,  making  the  length  the  smallest  dimennion. 
Sections  of  the  type  shown  can  be  joined  together  to  make  different 
sizes  of  boiler  :  for  instance,  three  such  sections  make  a  boiler  having 
an  evaporation  of  33,(iOO  lb.  per  hour.  The  filling  of  the  tubes, 
and  the  distribution  of  the  heat  flow,  is  illustrated  in  fig.  1  ;  they  are 
packed  with  lumps  of   refractory  material,   and   at  the  entering 


Vol  "2.    No.  1,84"J,  May  2,  1913.] 


TITE    ELECTRICAL    HEYJEW. 


710 


end  of  thd  tubu  a  tlre-clny  iiozzlu  in  pluoid,  which  prevents  oom- 
buBtion  of  the  jfaHeouM  mixture  until  it  reaciheH  the  refractory 
tillinif  and  keepa  the  active  heat  of  oombuHtion  away  from  the 
motallio  jointH  of  the  boiler.  A  proHMure  of  al)out  'JO  in.  w.u. 
HulHoos  to  force  the  (jascs  throu(fh  the  tuboH.  'I'ho  conibuMtion 
takcH  place  on  the  surface  of  the  r(^fractory  lumpH  at  the  entering 
end  of  the  tubes,  and  is  complete  in  about  (i  in.  ;  tlio  tranHfer  of  heat 
is  80  effectual  tliat  the  frascH  leave  the  tube  at  a  temperature  not 
jfreatly  in  excess  of  that  of  the  steam  in  the  boiler. 

The  output  can  be  controlled  by  throttlini;  the  (low  or  by 
varyinff  the  speecl  of  the  fan,  and  a  reduction  of  one-third 
can  bo  obtained  with  a  triHinir  drop  in  elliciency.  Further  control 
in  effected  by  shiittinpf  oil'  the  jjas  supply  to  (jroups  of  the  tubes, 
which  can  bo  heated  up  afjain  within  about  one  minute,  so  that 
a  very  hiirh  deifree  of  llexibility  is  attained. 

One  of  the  chief  reasons  for  the  elliciency  of  the  system  is  the 
fact  that  complete  combustion  is  secured  witiv  only  1  per  cent,  or 
2  per  cent,  excess  of  air  ;  the  refractory  lumps  also  l)reak  up  the 
current  of  pra,ses,  producinp  a  turbulent  (low  which  (insures  their 
repeated  contact  with  the  tube.  Thus  the  efficiency  ol  the  heating 
surface  is  preatly  increased,  a  normal  evaporation  of  20  lb.  of  water 
per  hour  per  sq.  ft.  beinjy  attained  with  tubes  :!  in.  in  diameter.  When 
the^tubes  are  of  3  in.  diameter  they  need  only  be  3  ft.  lonp,  but 
tubes  of  larjjer  diameter  can  also  be  used,  their  length  being 
increased  to  meet  requirements  as  to  the  final  temperatures  of  the 
gases  (as  for  superheating).  With  tubes  of  larger  diameter,  a 
higher  rate  of  evaporation  per  sq.  foot  is  obtained,  some  tests 
with  6-in.  tubes  G  ft.  long  showing  a  normal  evaporation  of  28  lb. 
per  sq  ft.  per  hour,  or  10  per  cent,  higher  than  with  tubes  3  in. 
in  diameter.  In  either  case  the  boiler  can  be  forced  to  80  per  cent, 
overload  with  little  loss  of  eiHciency.  Compared  with  other  gas- fired 
boilers,  a  great  economy  of  floor  space  is  secured,  the  evaporation 
per  eq.  ft.  of  floor  space  being  nearly  four  times  as  great  as  with 
water-tube  boilers,  and  still  better  in  comparison  with  the  Lan- 
cashire type.  The  simplicity  of  the  construction  of  the  boiler  is 
also  greatly  in  its  favour.  A  feed-water  heater  is  constructed  on 
the  same  principle,  which  reduces  the  temperature  of  the  flue  gases 
to  less  than  300°  F. 

The  boiler  is  suitable  for  use  with  the  incombustible  waste  gases 
from  furnaces  or  gas  engines,  as  well  as  with  all  kinds  of  com- 
bustible gas.  In  comparing  it  with  a  coal-fired  boiler,  allowance 
must,  of  course,  be  made  for  the  gas  producer,  which  can  be  of  any 
efficient  type. 

Already  the  makers  have  received  many  inquiries  from  all  parts 
of  the  world,  for  boilers  to  work  in  connection  with  coke-oven  and 
other  gas  supplies,  and  with  ammonia  recovery  plants,  and  there 
can  be  no  doubt  that  the  system  will  be  of  great  utility  in  many 
applications. 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES,    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 


"Polar"  Propeller  Fans. 

The  Wilson-Wolf  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Bradford,  send  ua 
some  particulars  of  their  new  "  Polar  "  (registered)  propeller  fans, 
which  they  have  just  placed  on  the  market  for  the  1913  season. 

These  fans  are  for  direct-current  circuits,  being  medium  power 
fans,  specially  suitable  for  installation  where  the  cost  of  the  firm's 
well-known  "Arctic"  fans  is  not  justified. 

The  "  Polar  "  fans  run  at  a  slightly  higher  peripheral  speed  than 
the  corresponding  sizes  of  "Arctic"  fans,  and  discharge  about 
10  per  cent,  less  air,  but  on  account  of  their  higher  speeds,  they 
can  be  fitted  with  smaller  motors,  with  a  corresponding  reduction 
in  first  cost.  They  are  remarkably  silent  in  running,  but  are  only 
designed  for  dealing  with  free  air  conditions. 


Fig.  1. — "Polar"  Propeller  Fan. 

A  novel  feature  is  that  the  blades  are  reversible  ;  in  order  to 
change  the  direction  of  the  discharge  of  air,  it  is  only  necessary  to 
alter  the  direction  of  rotation,  the  fans  being  equally  efficient  in 
either  direction.  One  standard  construction  is  therefore  suitable 
for  any  direction  of  discharge. 

The  rings  are  circular  and  can  be  quickly  fixed  (for  vertical  or 
horizontal  discharge)  in  any  position,  while  the  motors,  which  are 
dust-proof,  follow  the  firm's  usual  practice,  and  are  fitted  with 
combined  thrust  and  journal  ball  bearings. 

We  illustrate  one  of  these  fans  in  fig,  1, 


A  Large  HI|{D. 

A  large  electric  iilun,  recently  built  for  MeiMirn.  Mann,  CroMiuan 
und  I'aulin,  the  brewurH,  at  Stratford,  in  nald  to  be  the  largest  of  <ta 
kind  erected  in  thin  country. 

This  Higii,  Hhown  in  fig.  2.  in  100  ft.  long  and  42  ft.  hJKh  from 
the  bottom  of  the  hoarding  to  the  top  of  the  fl((urc  ,  it  atandii 
10  ft.  out  of  the  ground,  ho  the  t'^)tal  height  in  .I'l  ft. 

Onram  lampH  are  used  for  illuminating  thin  sign,  there  Ijeinff  10<J 
32-wott,  2.".0-volt,  17G  1 0- watt,  lOo- volt,  and  two  1 7- watt,  20.^- volt 
lamps  employed. 

In  the  winter  months  the  larapa  are  kept  burning  at  leut  liz 
hours  a  day,  and  during  the  summer  raonths  3i  honrB  a  day,  a  total 


Fig.  2. — Large  Electric  Sign. 


of  some  1,700  hours  per  annum.  The  lamps  are  exposed  to  all 
conditions  of  weather,  and  are  said  to  have  given  every  satisfaction. 
The  Borough  Theatre  Billposting  Co.  erected  the  sign,  the 
electrical  work  in  connection  with  which  was  carried  out  by  the 
West  Ham  Electricity  Department. 

The  Frantz  Suction  Cleaner. 

Messrs.  Scholet  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  1.51,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.G., 
are  introducing  a  new  suction  cleaner  which  possesses  novel  featores. 
The  handle  is  made  to  actuate  the  switch  ;  the  flexible  cord  is 
looped  up  on  hooks  attached  to  the  shaft  :    an  observation  glass  is 


-Uxdebside  of 
suowiNG  Brush. 


Fig.  I.— Franxz  Suction  Cliianek. 

provided  to  enable  the  dirt  to  be  seen  on  its  way  to  the  bag.  which 
can  be  removed  in  a  moment ;  the  yoke  or  fork  can  be  locked  in 
any  position  for  special  work  ;  in  addition,  there  is  a  revolving 
brush  in  the  nozzle,  driven  by  an  air-blast  which  issues  from  an 
outlet  in  front  of  the  nozzle,  the  combination  of  blast,  brush  and 


716 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,849,  May  2,  1913, 


BQction  beiae:,  it  is  claimed,  three  times  as  effective  as  snction  alone. 
The  metal  parts  are  mainly  of  alumiaiutn,  and  the  cleaner  weifrha 
only  ".'  lb.  The  nsaal  appliances  can  be  attached  to  it  for  cleaning 
walls,  crevices,  A:c.,  and  for  blo-win?  air  into  inaccessible  comers. 
Fig.  4  sbon-B  the  complete  apparatus,  and  fig.  3  is  a  view  of  the 
nozzle  from  below,  showing  the  brush. 


Diamond  Die  PoIishing^. 

Now  that  manufacturers  of  electric  filament  lamps  are  taking 
measures  to  meet  the  approaching  season,  their  attention  might  be 
drawn  to  the  patent  multi-way  diamond  die-polishing  machine, 
introduced  last  season  by  Mf.ssu.s.  Werths  a:  Co.,  of  41,  Aldersgate 
Street.  London,  E.C. 

We  understand  that  some  of  the  larger  lamp  works  have  already 
from  10  to  30  of  these  10-way  machines  in  use,  and  that  the  great 
economies  they  now  effect  in  their  die-polishing  department  are 
helping  them  considerably  to  bring  their  cost  of  production  down 
to  a  very  desirable  figure. 

This  ingenious  and"  automatic  polishing  tool  is  said  to  pay  for 
itself  in  a  short  time  by  the  mere  saving  in  diamond  powder,  quite 
apart  from  the  large  and  accurate  amount  of  work  it  renders 
possible,  and  the  protection  and  the  keeping  in  shape  of  the  draw- 
holes  which  it  ensures.  One  polisher  can  easily  attend  to  a  number 
of  these  machines.  The  adoption  of  the  multi-way  machine  seems 
worthy  of  the  serious  consideration  of  those  lamp  manufacturers 
who  have  so  far  retained  their  older  equipment.  Wire  drawers, 
also,  might  reconsider  their  old  diamond  die-polishing  methods, 
in  view  of  the  advantages  claimed  for  the  new  machine  introduced 
bv  Messrs.  Werths. 


X-ray  Reflectors  for  Shop-WindowjLighting. 

The  accompanying  illustration  shows  an  ''X-ray"  silveredglass 
reflector,  introduced  by  the  B.T.H.  Co.,  of  Mazda  House,  Qaeen 
Victoria  Street,  E.G.,  for  shop-window  lighting.  These  lighting 
units  are  fixed  close  up  to  the  ceiUng  of  the  window,  immediately 


PARLIAMENTARY. 


Fio. 


D.i.n.    A-y.Ai 


uKiLj.Liou  FOB  Two  Mazda  La.mps. 


behind  the  facia  board,  and  are  arranged  in  a  single  evenly-spaced 
row.  This  arrangement  gives  a  more  uniform  and  diffuse  illu- 
mination than  could  be  obtained  from  lamps  hung  in  the  field  of 
vLsion. 

Silica  Lamp  Laboratory  Outfit. 

Thk  WKPTiNOHCt  se  Cooper-Hewitt  Co..  Ltd.,  have  lately 
placed  on  the  market  a  special  laboratory  outfit,  which  is  being 
extensively  adopted  by  business  firms  and  others  who  are  desirous 
of  investigating  and  applying  to  commercial  purposes  the 
properties  of  ultra-violet  rays.  These  rays  are  emitted  in  such 
quantity  that  it  is  necessary  for  operators  who  are  using  the  outfits 
to  protect  their  eyes  and  skin  from  the  rays.  Sufficient  protection 
is  provided  by  screening  the  lamps  with  a  sheet  of  ordinary 
commercial  glass.  Amongst  the  properties  of  ultra-violet  rays  are 
the  prodaction  of  fluorescence  in  many  substances  ;  their  bleaching 
effect,  which  mEikes  their  use  of  extreme  value  to  firms  who  are 
desirous  of  testing  fastness  of  colours  in  the  products  that  they 
manufacture,  and  also  of  testing  the  quality  of  the  dyes  that  they 
are  using  :  and  their  remarkable  power  of  sterilisation. 


An  Eloctric  Motor  Dost  Cart.^A  novel  three-wheo! 

electric  motor  dust  cart  has  recently  been  put  in  service  near  Berlin. 
The  vehicle,  which  was  built  by  Messrs.  (iebhardt  A:  Harhom,  of 
Schoneberg.  Berlin,  is  fitted  with  a  small  tip  body,  and  is  used  for 
the  collection  of  the  refuse  swept  up  in  the  streets.  The  motive 
power  is  supplied  by  a  battery  of  L'O  150-ampere-hour  cells,  which 
supplies  current  to  an  electric  motor  built  integral  with  the  single 
front  road  wheel  :  the  motor  is  of  the  direct-current  type,  and 
drives  the  front  wheel  through  redaction  gearing.  The  vehicle 
can  be  driven  in  either  a  forward  or  backward  direction,  the 
reversal  of  the  battery  current  being  effected  by  means  of  a 
patented  form  of  switch.  The  speed  of  the  machine  is  l>etween 
If/  and  \'J  miles  per  hour,  and  it  is  stated  that  a  distance  of  no  less 
than  flu  miles  can  be  covereii  on  a  single  charge  of  the  battery. 
An  automatic  device  for  sandiner  the  streets  is  also  provided  on  the 
vehicle,  the  distribution  of  the  sand  being  effected  by  a  small 
•electric  motor  supplied  with  current  from  the  main  battery.  In 
order  to  increase  the  sphere  of  utility  of  the  machine,  the  refuse 
collecting  body  is  made  detachable,  thus  rendering  the  vehicle 
-ivailable  for  other  classes  of  work. 


Chesterfield  Corporation   Bill. 

This  Bill,  for  a  system  of  railless  traction,  came  before  a  Select 
Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  last  week,  the  proceedings 
being  very  protracted  on  account  of  the  opposition  offered  on  behalf 
of  the  Midland  and  (ireat  Central  Railway  Companies  and  the 
Derbyshire  County  Council. 

Mr.  Rowland  Wditehead.  K.V.,  who  appeared  for  the  Bill, 
said  its  object  was  to  give  the  Chesterfield  Corporation  authority 
to  run  trolley  cars  and  motor-omnibuses  along  certain  routes  which 
radiated  out  from  the  borough  into  adjoining  districts.  On  certain 
of  the  routes  they  were  asking  for  powers  to  run  motor-omnibiises 
and  railless  trams,  but  it  was  not  intended  to  run  the  two 
vehicles  simultaneously.  The  object  of  getting  omnibus  powers  for 
the  trolley  routes  was  that  the  Corporation  might  first  test  the 
routes  from  a  passenger  point  of  view,  to  ascertain  whether  they 
would  be  justified  in  going  to  the  expense  of  installing  railless 
trac'ion.  Regarding  the  opposition  of  the  Midland  Railway  Co., 
that  was  on  the  question  of  bridges,  and  the  Corporation  would  be 
quite  ready  to  meet  the  company  in  regard  to  any  specific  bridge, 
and  in  order  to  meet  the  objections  of  the  Great  Central  Railway 
Co.,  they  had  arranged  to  fix  a  weight  limit  for  the  vehicles  of 
6  toQs,  plus  the  load.  The  company  also  objected  to  the  Billon  the 
ground  that  the  proposed  'buses  and  trolley  cars  would  unfairly 
compete  with  them,  but  he  should  ask  the  Committee  to  say  that 
the  extra  facilities  the  Corporation  proposed  to  give  to  people  to 
travel  to  outlying  districts  would,  in  the  end,  benefit  the  railway 
company. 

Evidence  in  support  of  the  Bill  was  given  by  Mr.  C.  P. 
Maiikham,  the  chairman  of  the  Staveley  Iron  and  Coal  Co.,  and 
a  member  of  the  Chesterfield  Town  (  ouncil.  Witness  gave  it  as  his 
opinion  that  it  was  very  essential  that  the  villages  should  be  linked 
up  with  Chesterfield  in  order  to  give  facilities  for  the  outlying 
population  to  come  into  the  town. 

Replying  to  Mr.  Talisot,  K.C,  for  the  Midland  Railway  Co., 
Witness  said  the  Corporation  did  not  intend  to  make  a  big  start — 
they  would  feel  their  way  in  the  matter,  and  as  a  commencement 
he  suggested  three  motors.  He  did  not  expect  there  would  be  any 
considerable  loss  or  any  considerable  profit  on  the  undertaking  ;  but 
it  was  put  forward  as  a  public  convenience. 

Mr.  Ernest  Shentail,  the  chairman  of  the  Corporation  Tram- 
ways Committee,  stated  that  he  and  his  colleagues  had  visited 
Rotherham  and  examined  the  working  of  the  trolley  system.  In 
his  opinion,  they  had  a  much  better  outlook  for  such  a  system 
at  Chesterfield  than  was  the  case  at  Rotherham. 

In  cross-examination  by  Mr.  Ram,  K.C,  for  the  Derbyshire 
County  Council,  witness  said  he  had  heard  that  Rotherham  only 
got  its  trolley  syStem  because  it  consented  to  pay  a  contribution  to 
the  county  rates  in  respect  of  the  county  roads  over  which  the 
cars  ran. 

Replying  to  the  Committee,  Witness  said  he  did  not  agree  with 
Mr.  Markham  that  three  cars  would  be  suflicient  to  start  with — he 
would  csrtainly  go  in  for  more  than  that. 

Mb.  Rokert  ArLAXD,  the  engineer  to  the  Chesterfield  Electric 
Lighting  and  Tramway  system,  gave  evidence  as  to  the  cost  of  the 
scheme,  which,  he  said,  had  been  prepared  on  his  estimates.  The 
cost  for  the  erection  of  the  necessary  car-sheds,  depots  and 
other  buildings  was  put  down  at  JEl',000,  and  £33,780  was 
included  in  the  estimates  as  the  cost  of  overhead  equipment  and 
the  construction  of  other  works  necessary  for  working  and  lighting 
the  trolley  vehicles.  The  cost  of  the  trolley  vehicles  would  be 
£6,400,  and  for  the  provision  of  motor-omnibuses  and  expenses  in 
connection  with  their  running,  he  had  put  down  another  £li;,000 
Personally,  he  felt  confident  that  the  scheme  would  be  a  financial 
success. 

Mr.  C.  J.  Spencer,  the  general  manager  of  the  Bradford  City 
Tramways,  said  thjit  they  had  had  the  railless  trolley  system  of  tram  - 
ways  in  operation  in  his  City  since  June.  1!U1.  At  the  request  of 
the  Chesterfield  Corporation,  he  had  examined  the  proposed  scheme, 
and  he  agreed  that  the  estimates  of  the  previous  witness  in  regard 
to  capital  expenditure  were  fair.  His  (Mr.  Spencer" s)  estimates  of  the 
4:otal  capital  expenditure  for  the  nine  routes  proposed,  came  out  at 
£53,948.  He  estimated  that  the  annual  receipts  would  amount  to 
£28,210,  while  the  annual  capital  charges  and  working.--  expenses 
would  amount  to  £26,513.  He  estimated  for  12  motor-omnibuses 
and  for  15  trackless  trolley  cari*.  He  reckoned  that  there  would 
be  a  surplus  profit  of  about  3  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  capital 
outlay. 

Evidence  in  support  of  the  Bill  was  also  given  by  Mr.  A.  R. 
Fearnlev.  the  general  manager  of  the  Sheffield  Corporation  Tram- 
ways, who  said  he  agreed  that  the  estimates  put  forward  were 
reasonable  and  sufficient  for  the  purposes  of  the  scheme. 

Mb.  Talbot,  K.C,  addressing  the  Committee  in  opposition  to  the 
Bill  on  behalf  of  the  Midland  Railway  Co  .  said  it  was  monstrous 
that  his  clients,  who  were  large  ratepayers  in  the  district,  should 
have  burdens  placed  upon  them  in  order  that  a  system  might  be 
built  up  which  would  be  in  direct  competition  with  them. 

Mr.  J.  W.  HoLTON,  county  surveyor,  who  gave  evidence  against 
the  Bill  on  behalf  of  the  Derbyshire  County  Council,  said  that  the 
Chesterfield  Corporation  only  had  control  of  one-twelfth  of  the 
main  roads  over  which  the  proposed  trolley-cars  would  run,  and  of 
one-fifth  of  the  district  roads.  It  would  be  necessary  to  widen  a 
good  part  of  the  main  roads  if  trolley-cars  and  motor-omnibuses 
were  to  use  them  with  safety,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  cost 
would  fall  upon  the  ratepayers  outside  the  district.  In  that  event 
he  thought  it  only  just  to  the  ratepayers  of  the  county  that  any 


Vol.7:'.    No.  1,H4'.»,  May  •_',  I9i:).l 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


717 


excenH  cost  which  could  fiiirly  bo  nhown  to  be  due  to  trolley  and 
'bus  trafTh;,  Hhould  be  paid  wholly  by  khoHe  who  benefited  by  it,  nnd 
not  spread  over  the  county  ah  a  whole. 

Cross-examined,  Witness  R|?reod  that,  Hupposinjr  the  Corporation 
did  not  proceed  with  tho  Hchcme,  and  it  was  carriod  out  afterwurds 
by  a  private  company,  the  County  Council  would  not  b<!  able  to 
secure  tho  widoninir  of  the  roads,  or  jfot  any  contribution  ;  ho 
thouprht  it  was  srenerally  conceded  that  the  present  law  was 
ino(|uitablc. 

After  hearing  further  evidence,  the  Committee  found  the  pre- 
amble of  the  Rill  proved,  subject  to  the  conditions  that  the 
minimum  width  of  the  roads  should  bo  made  17  ft.  with  a  4-ft. 
footpath.  They  also  ro(|uired  a  clause  to  be  inpcrtcd  in  the  Bill 
makinif  the  Corporation  liable  for  damngre  arisinir  out  of  the  extra- 
ordinary use  of  the  roads,  such  dsmaire  to  be  assessed  at  the  end 
of  three  years  by  arbitration  between  the  Corporation  and  the 
county. 


HastinjTs  Tramways  Bill. 

Loud  Bath's  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Lords  commenced 
the  consideration  of  the  -Hastinirs  Tramways  Bill  on  April  18tb. 
The  Bill  was  promoted  by  the  Hastings  Tramways  Co.,  and  the 
object  was  to  allow  of  the  double  line  of  tramways  passing  alonfr 
the  sea  front,  which  are  now  operated  by  the  Dolter  surface-contact 
system,  to  be  worked  by  the  overhead  trolley  system.  The  line  is 
about  1  mile  6  furlonjjrs  in  lenfrth,  and  the  remainder  of  the  17:) 
miles  of  tramways  are  worked  by  the  overhead  system.  Mr.  Lloyd, 
K.C.,  Mr.  Hutchinson,  K.C..  and  Mr.  Tyldesley  Jones  appeared  for 
the  promoters  ;  Mr.  Freeman,  K.C..  and  the  Hon.  E.  Charteris 
represented  a  number  of  owners  and  ratepayers  ;  and  Mr.  Talbot, 
K.C ,  and  Mr.  R.  Bury  appeared  for  the  Hastings  Corporation. 

Mk.  Lloyd,  for  the  promoters,  said  that  the  conduit  system  had 
been  tried  at  Blackpool  alonsj  the  sea  front  and  had  failed  there, 
for  the  same  reason  that  it  would  fail  at  other  seaside  places.  The 
sea  beat  over  the  front  and  filled  the  conduits,  and  sand  and  shingle 
also  got  in  the  conduits  and  interfered  with  the  electrical  connec- 
tions The  company  had  spent  £32,000  in  equipping  the  line,  and 
whether  they  reverted  to  the  overhead  system  or  some  other,  that 
expenditure  would  be  largely  nullified.  He  submitted  that  it  was 
in  the  public  interest  that  the  present  restriction  should  be  removed, 
and  that  the  company  ought  not  to  be  hampered  by  the  asthetic 
considerations  of  a  few  frontagers. 

Mr.  J.  E.  Waller  gave  evidence  in  support  of  the  Bill,  and  said 
he  had  satisfied  himself  that  the  conduit  system  was  impossible  in 
Hastings.  It  was  true  the  conduit  system  was  in  operation  in 
London,  but  wherever  they  could  the  London  County  Council  put 
up  the  overhead  system.  At  one  time  the  conduit  system  was  in 
operation  at  Blackpool,  but  after  some  years  it  became  unworkable, 
and  it  had  been  replaced  by  the  overhead  system.  He  did  not 
think  the  poles  of  the  overhead  system  would  be  detrimental  to 
Hastings,  and  he  thought  the  lighting  standards  on  the  promenade 
could  be  replaced  by  combined  standards  for  light  and  traction 
purposes. 

A  number  of  local  witnesses  were  also  called,  and  stated  that 
they  saw  no  objection  to  the  overhead  system  along  the  sea  front. 

Mb.  Talbot,  K.C,  addressed  the  Committee  for  the  Corporation, 
and  submitted  that  the  opposition  was  not  a  sentimental  one,  but  a 
matter  of  vital  importance  to  the  town.  The  Corporation  had 
received  overwhelming  representations  from  the  residents  asking 
them  to  oppose  the  overhead  system  by  every  means  in  their 
power. 

Sib  M.  Fit/maubice  was  called  by  the  Corporation,  and  said 
that  as  a  result  of  his  examination  of  the  tramway  along  the  Front. 
he  saw  no  reason  why  the  conduit  system  should  not  be  workable 
there.     He  found  the  tramway  generally  in  a  bad  condition. 

After  hearing  a  great  deal  of  local  evidence  in  opposition,  the 
Committee  rejected  the  Bill. 


Wimbledon  and  Sutton  Railway  Bill. 

On  Tuesday  last  week.  Lord  Sanderson's  Committee  of  the  House 
of  Lords  considered  the  Bill  of  the  W^imbledon  and  Sutton  Rail- 
way Co.,  which  asks  for  extended  time  for  purchase  of  land  and 
completion  of  the  railway.  5i  miles  in  length,  between  Wimbledon 
and  Sutton. 

Mr.  Honoratus  Lloyd,  K.C,  for  the  promoters,  explained 
that  the  Act  authorising  the  line  was  passed  in  1910.  At  that  time 
the  promoters,  who  were  a  syndicate  of  local  landowners,  were 
unable  to  find  the  necessary  capital,  amounting  to  £3.50.000.  An 
arrangement  had  since  been  made  with  the  Metropolitan  District 
Railway  Co.  to  carry  out  the  scheme  and  to  raise  capital  to  the 
extent  of  dE 550,000,  with  borrowing  powers  up  to  one-third.  The 
Bill  sought  to  extend  the  time  for  the  construction  of  the  railway 
to  1918. 

After  hearing  evidence  from  Mb.  A.  H.  Stanley'  in  support  of 
the  measure,  the  Committee  found  the  preamble  proved. 


Second  and  Third  Readings.— In  the  House  of  Lords,  on 
April  23rd,  the  Crowborongh  District  Gas  and  Electricity  Bill,  and 
Dundee  Corporation  (Improvements  and  Tramways)  Bill,  were  read 
a  second  time.  On  29th  ult.  the  Richmond  (Surrey)  Electricity 
Supply  Bill  was  read  a  second  time.  In  the  House  of  Commons,  on 
25th  ult.,  the  Heme  Bay  Gas  and  Electricity  Bill  was  read  a  third 
time. 


LEGAL. 


iMi'oitTA.sr  Api'kal.Cahb  re  Factokt  Arrn. 


( /'iinrliiflffl  from  j/uiji'  07(5.) 
Mu.  BrjDKi.v  said  there  wore  two  wnvictionii  f^fore  the  CoarV 
and  Hei>arate  questionH  rained  in  regard  to  each  of  them.  The 
jUHtices  at  Ilighgate  in  regard  to  the  conviction  under  Regulation  1 H 
imposed  a  penalty  of  £2.".  and  costM  upon  this  company,  and  on  the 
other  conviction  they  imposed  a  penalty  of  £2  and  nominal  oontii. 
HissubmiHHion  was  that  a  fine  of  £2.'',  under  the  circumsUncea  waaa 
penalty  which  Iwrdered  almost  upon  a  navage  [Rnalty.  The  reaaon 
for  his  saying  that  was  that  the  particular  method  which  bad 
been  adopted  in  regar.l  to  this  switchtearrl  ever  since  it  existed  wm 
exactly  the  method  which  was  being  carric<l  out  on  March  2.'.th, 
and  the  company  I/o,m  /idr  believed,  and  hwl  strong  groumls  for 
believing,  they  were  doing  the  work  on  lines  that  aVjsolutely  com- 
plied with  the  regulations  of  the  Home  Ollice.  If  they  had  been 
tried  for  the  manslaughter  of  Shapcot,  that  was  probably  about 
what  the  penalty  would  have  been.  It  was  altogether  out  of 
proportion  to  the  offence,  if  there  was  an  offence.  As  to 
the  conviction  under  Regulation  |2«,  it  appeared  to  be  a  mere 
matter  of  routine,  but  as  a  matter  of  fact  it  was  a  question 
of  the  most  supreme  importance,  as  he  would  show  the  Court. 
For  nine  years  this  station  had  been  open,  and  the  gentleman 
who  complained  had  never  been  inside  it.  It  was  all  very  well 
to  say  that  it  was  for  the  company  to  comply  with  the  regulations, 
but  if  the  Home  Office  officials  went  down  and  inspected, 
surely  the  process  of  cleaning  was  a  process  which  was  specifically 
mentioned  in  these  regulations,  and  it  would  not  be  above  the 
duty  of  a  Home  Office  Inspector  to  say  :  "  When  cleaning  is 
going  on,  what  do  you  do  '"  But  there  was  never  a  single  sug- 
gestion, or  the  least  attempt  to  assist,  or  the  least  hint  as  to  what 
should  be  done,  and  the  company  all  along  continued  to  do  this 
work  in  the  way  which  they  liona  /ii!f  believed  was  in  compliance 
with  the  regulations  themselves.  It  was  his  submission  to  the  Court 
that  on  March  2.-)th  the  switchboard,  which  meant  and  included  this 
particular  room,  was  arranged  so  as  to  secure  that  the  work  might 
be  carried  out  without  danger,  or,  alternatively,  if  that  was  not  so, 
that  the  conductors  could  be  made  dead  in  sections.  Where  the  work 
absolutely  was  to  be  done  the  section  was  absolutely  dead,  so  that 
Styles  eaid  he  would  not  have  had  the  slightest  hesitation  in 
clambering  about  in  any  part  of  it,  and  handling  any  piece  of  metal 
in  it.  There  was  a  passage  2  ft.  G  in.  wide  existing  between  the 
dead  side  and  anything  which  was  alive  upon  the  other  side.  In 
the  regulations  there  was  no  definition  of  "division,'  and  not  a 
hint  anywhere  as  to  what  it  might  be.  Here  they  got  a  fixed 
corridor  2  f t  (i  In.  wide,  which  he  submitted  was  a  division  within 
the  meaning  of  that  regulation,  fixed  and  permanent.  The  section 
on  the  right  could  be  made  dead,  and,  therefore,  absolutely  safe, 
and  unless  a  person  crossed  that  division  to  the  left-hand  side,  there 
was  nothing  which  involved  danger.  This  was  what  these 
gentlemen  of  the  highest  skill  and  position  connected  with  the 
engineering  side  of  this  great  company  believed  to  be  a  division 
within  the  meaning  of  the  regulations,  and  it  was  provided  for  that 
express  purpose  of  keeping  the  right  side  away  from  the  left.  He 
asked  if  that  was  not  a  reasonable  construction  of  the  regulation. 
Could  it  be  said  that  the  company  were  to  be  held  responsible 
if  a  man  disobeyed  his  orders  when  he  went  to  a  place  where 
he  was  told  to  do  his  work  in  a  certain  way  .'  His  point 
was  that  they  could  not  make  the  occupier  of  a  factory  liable 
when  a  man  acted  contrary  to  his  duty  and  outside  the  scope 
of  his  duty,  and  in  this  case  Shapcot  ought  never  to  have 
gone  outside  the  section  which  had  been  rendered  dead 
for  his  accommodation.  Coming  to  the  Regulation  Xo.  28, 
he  submitted  that  it  was  practically  incomprehensible  as 
it  stood.  In  order  to  get  a  clearer  idea  of  what  it  meant 
they  had  to  get  the  definition  of  "authorised  person,"  and  it  would 
be  noticed  that  an  authorised  person  was  the  occupier,  or  con- 
tractor, or  a  person  appointed  or  selected  by  the  occupier  to  carry 
out  certain  duties  incidental  to  the  generation  and  use  of  electrical 
energy.  He  supposed  that  ''duties  incidental"  inoluded  cleaning 
and  keeping  up  to  a  proper  pitch  the  machinery  and  appliances 
which  were  used  in  connection  with  the  generation  of  electricity. 
The  definition  went  on  further  to  say  :  "  Such  person  being  a  person 
who  is  competent  for  the  purposes  of  the  regulation  in  which  the 
term  is  used."  But  for  his  friend's  opening  statement  he  would 
have  submitted  that  there  was  no  evidence  whatever  before  the 
Court  that  Shapcot  was  not  a  competent  person  for  the  purposes 
of  the  particular  regulation  in  which  the  term  was  used.  Styles's 
evidence  was  that  he  had  known  him  for  four  months,  and  had 
seen  him  daily,  and  he  had  described  him  as  a  very  cute  man  in 
his  work.  An  authorised  person  need  not  be  of  full  age.  The 
reason  for  that  was  that  under  the  regulations  the  responsibility 
was  put  upon  the  occupier  or  the  contractor  to  select  or  appoint 
the  authorised  person.  Regulation  28  dealt  with  repairs,  altera- 
tions, extensions  and  cleaning,  and  an  authorised  person  must  be 
competent  according  to  the  skill  and  knowledge  to  do  the  par- 
ticular kind  of  work  which  the  regulation  dealt  with.  His  point 
■was  that  under  Regulation  2S  Shapcot  was  au  authorised  person, 
and  he  did  not  cea.«e  to  be  an  authorised  person  becaufe  he  did 
cleaning  work  under  Styles,  who  was  also  an  authorised 
person.  It  was  perfectly  ridiculous  to  say  an  authorised  person 
might  be  under  21  years  of  age.  but  that  the  moment  they  put 
an  authorised  person  with  another  one  he  ceased  to  be  an  authorised 


718 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72,     No.  1,849,  JIay  2,  1913. 


person  und  most  be  over  21  rears  of  ape.  If,  under  Regulation  28, 
the  authorised  person  need  not  be  of  full  age,  but  if  the  competent 
person  who  was  to  work  with  him  must  not  also  be  an  authorised 
person  ;  that  was  to  say,  if  two  authorised  persons  were  not  entitled 
to  work  togrether,  then  all  the  companies  who  carried  on  work  of 
this  kind  would  find  the  pravest  possible  difficulty  in  training  and 
teaching  those  who  were  to  go  on  in  their  profession  as  electrical 
engineers.  The  only  way  of  training  a  man  to  be  competent  was 
to  assign  him  to  act  with  another  competent  man  in  different 
departments  of  the  work  until  he  fully  comprehended  the  whole  of 
it.  Shapcot  came  as  a  youth  to  the  company,  and  after  being  there 
a  time,  was  examined  by  Mr.  Hunt,  the  engineer,  and  promoted  to 
another  station,  and  then  had  a  further  promotion  and  came  back  to 
the  Finchley  station.  In  that  way  he  was  learning  his  profession,  and 
in  time  would  have  got  to  the  same  position  as  Styles.  lie  was  set  to 
do  the  work  of  cleaning  under  Styles,  but  he  was  an  authorised  person 
to  do  that  work,  and  he  did  not  cease  to  be  an  authorised  person 
because  a  senior  person  was  working  with  him.  This  was  a  matter 
of  extreme  importance,  because  young  men  came  from  school  and 
college  and  entered  these  places  to  learn  the  practical  part  of 
their  profession.  This  youth  had  arrived  at  the  time  when  he 
was  competent  to  do  cleaning,  and  he  was  the  authorised  person 
to  do  it,  and  was  none  the  less  authorised  because  he  had  a  more 
skilfnl  mate  to  assist  him.  No  person  would  have  run  any 
risk  on  the  section  in  question  it  he  had  only  done  as  he  was 
told,  and  he  submitted  that  the  Court  must  look  at  every  phase 
of  the  matter.  If  the  Court  considered  his  submission  under  Regu- 
lation 18  was  not  correct,  then  he  submitted  if  the  conviction  was 
upheld  that  the  penalty  of  £2.5  was  not  a  proper  penalty  to  impose 
on  the  company  in  view  of  all  the  circumstances. 

After  the  luncheon  interval.  Me.  Bodkin  said  if  he  had  said 
anything  too  strong  in  regard  to  the  Home  Office,  he  hoped  they 
would  not  forget  the  context  with  which  he  was  dealing,  which 
was  that  a  word  of  suggestion  or  inquiry  would  have  told  the 
company  what  was  the  Home  Office's  view  of  the  regulations,  and 
that  would  have  put  them  on  their  guard.  He  hoped  nothing  he 
had  said  would  be  understood  to  be  derogatory  to  Mr.  Ram's 
undoubted  authority  in  this  matter.  That  was  not  the  view  of  the 
company  or  of  himself  in  submitting  their  views. 

3lR.  Pbrcy  Maurice  Hunt,  engineer-in-charge  of  the  Finchley 
sub-station,  examined  by  Mr.  Bodkix,  said  he  had  been  at  the 
station  eight  years.  Shapcot  had  been  there  about  10  months,  and 
was  introduced  by  one  of  the  staff.  He  understood  that  Shapcot 
had  been  at  a  technical  college,  and  when  he  came  to  the  company's 
employ,  he  examined  him.  Shapcofs  duty  was  to  assist  the  charge 
attendant.  After  a  time  Shapcot  was  promoted  to  Edmonton,  and 
at  the  time  he  (witness)  questioned  him.  Afterwards,  as  a  further 
promotion,  Shapcot  came  back  to  Finchley,  and  he  examined  bim 
as  to  his  knowledge,  and  was  satisfied.  That  was  about  four 
months  before  the  accident.  Shapcot  was  assigned  to  work  with 
Styles,  and  was  fully  qualified  to  do  the  work  he  was  called  on  to 
perform.  He  had  frequently  seen  Shapcot  at  work,  and  had  made 
inquiries  from  Styles  about  him,  and  he  regarded  him  as  one  of  the 
best  of  their  assistants.  For  the  past  18  months  the  method  of 
cleaning  had  been  precisely  as  Styles  described.  He  was  aware  of 
the  regulations,  and  it  was  on  his  instructions  that  the  method 
of  cleaning  was  carried  out.  There  was  no  need  for  Shapcot 
to  have  gone  where  he  did  to  carry  out  his  work.  He  regarded 
Shapiot  as  an  authorised  person  for  the  purpose  of  this  cleaning. 
It  was  within  his  knowledge  that  it  was  the  practice  of  other 
.  ompanies  to  employ  authorised  persons  with  other  authorised 
persons.  He  had  worked  on  a  high-tension  system  when  17  years 
old. 

Mb.  Gray  :  Do  I  understand  that,  so  long  as  you  tell  your  men 
not  to  do  certain  things  or  go  to  certain  places,  you  consider 
you  comply  with  the  regulations,  even  although  the  places  they  go 
to  are  dangerous.' — I  cannot  answer  that  "  yes  "  or  "  no."  If  I 
considered  the  assistant  had  sufficient  knowledge  to  undertake  the 
work,  I  should  instruct  him  to  do  that  work,  and  at  the  same  time 
I  should  consider  he  was  authorised  to  do  it. 

I  want  to  know  whether  you  are  of  opinion  that  you  comply 
with  the  regulations  so  long  :is  you  tell  a  man  not  to  do  certain 
things  ?— That  is  my  view.  I  take  upon  myself  the  responsibility 
of  giving  the?€  instructions. 

Do  I  understand  that,  even  if  it  is  an  easy  and  simple  thing  to 
make  a  particular  place  absolutely  safe,  you  do  not  consider  you 
need  do  so  if  you  tell  a  man  not  to  go  there  ?— I  do  not  agree  that 
it  is  an  easy  thing  to  do. 

You  agree  that,  if  it  is  an  easy  thing  to  do,  it  is  your  duty  to  make 
it  absolutely  safe  .' — Yes. 

I  suggest  to  you  that,  in  this  particular  room,  it  was  a  perfectly 
easy  and  satisfactory  way  to  msike  this  current  transformer  abso- 
lutely safe  by  shutting  off  the  isolating  switch  ?— On  that  particular 
occasion,  the  answer  is  "  yes." 

Can  you  tell  me,  then,  why  it  was  not  done  ' — Because  it  was  an 
instruction  that  the  pressure  limits  shall  be  cleaned  every  Saturday 
night.  Our  extra-high-tension  switch  arrangements  with  regard  to 
feeders  vary  considerably.  One  Saturday  night  we  may  have  a 
feeder  in  use,  which  on  another  Saturday  night  we  have  not,  and 
therefore,  for  the  purpose  of  this  cleaning,  it  was  necessary  to 
instruct  the  men  to  carry  it  out  in  such  a  way  that  it  could  be 
carried  out  every  Saturday  night. 

Is  there  any  reason  why  you  should  not  instruct  Styles  to  use 
his  judgment  as  to  putting  off  that  isolating  switch  ?— I  should 
object  to  issuing  instractions  which  cannot  be  carried  out  always. 
I  have  to  satisfy  myself  that  the  instructions  are  such  that  they 
can  ahways  be  carried  out.  If  I  allowed  the  charge  attendants 
to  either  do  the  cleaning  or  leave  it  under  certain  conditions,  I 
should  not  consider  it  satisfactory. 
Notwithwtanding  the  eeriona  danger  which  mip-h    result  to  the 


assistants  .' — I  think  it  is  safer  to  lay  the  conditions  down  on  which 
cleaning  can  be  done  in  perfect  safety. 

In  further  cross-examination,  witness  said  the  system  had  always 
been  the  same  in  that  station.  He  considered  they  complied  with 
the  regulations  before  they  came  out.  He  considered  that  the 
deceased  went  to  the  most  inconvenient  place  he  could  for 
carrying  out  the  work  he  had  to  do.  In  the  ordinary  working  of 
the  station  they  had  a  stand-by  which  could  be  used,  and  the  whole 
of  the  section  in  which  the  deceased  was  working  could  be  made 
dead,  but  this  was  not  a  simple  matter  to  do.  They  had  a 
lighting  supply,  and  to  make  feeders  dead  would  involve  previous 
arrangement  ;  but  he  admitted  that  it  could  be  done,  and  in  that 
case  no  accident  could  have  occurred.  This  particular  room  was 
the  most  dangerous  room  in  the  station,  and  it  was  practically 
certain  that  anyone  coming  into  contact  with  10,000  volts  would 
be  killed.  He  could  not  possibly  suggest  why  Shapcot  went  on  to 
the  oil  cells. 

Answering  the  Chair.man,  Witness  said  that,  pending  the  settle- 
ment of  the  case,  they  were  not  carrying  out  this  weekly  cleaning. 
He  only  remembered  one  Home  Office  Inspector  being  in  the 
station  prior  to  the  accident.  The  Home  Office  had  never  made 
any  suggestions  about  this  cleaning. 

Me.  a.  H.  Pott,  chief  engineer  of  the  Metropolitan  Tramways 
Co.,  said  he  was  also  in  charge  of  the  traction  Pub-station  for  the 
Power  Co.  The  room  in  question  was  erected  under  his  superin- 
tendence. The  corridor  separated  the  right-hand  series  of  cells 
from  the  left.  Had  Shapcot  obeyed  instructions,  it  was  possible 
for  him  to  have  done  his  work  and  have  been  in  absolute 
safety.  Mr.  Hunt  could  not  go  and  give  a  different  set  of 
instructions  every  time  the  cleaning  was  done,  and  it  was  better 
to  have  general  instructions  which  would  cover  all  conditions. 
He  thought  the  less  one  was  hampered  with  screens  the  better. 
He  considered  that  the  gangway  was  a  permanent  division.  The 
company  had  never  wished  to  do  anything  but  what  was  perfectly 
right  in  regard  to  the  regulations. 

In  cross-examination  by  Mr.  Gray,  Witness  said  that  since  the 
accident  they  had  put  a  guard  in  front  of  the  isolating  switches, 
but  that  could  not  be  called  boxing  them  in.  To  box  in  these 
isolating  switches  would  not  be  a  easy  thing,  because  they  were 
not  on  the  ground. 

Mr.  E.  T.RuTHvEN  Murray,  engineer-in-chief  of  the  appellant 
•company,  said  he  knew  the  switchboard  room,  and  knew  the  way 
in  which  the  cleaning  of  the  resistances  was  carried  out.  He 
thought  that  the  less  switching  was  done  the  better. 

Cross-examined  by  Mr.  Gray,  Witness  said  he  thought  it  was 
highly  probable  that  Shapcot,  thinking  he  knew  all  about  the 
work,  ran  into  a  place  of  danger  thoughtlessly. 

Mr.  GR.4.Y,  addressing  the  Court,  submitted  that  Shapcot  was 
neither  an  authorised  nor  a  competent  person.  Each  witness  had 
said  that  they  would  not  go  where  the  deceased  went  ;  and  the 
obvious  reason  why  he  did  so  was  in  consequence  of  his  not  being 
competent.  In  such  a  room  as  he  was  working  in  there  was  danger 
in  every  place,  and  to  be  competent  a  person  had  to  have  more 
knowledge  than  that  of  merely  being  able  to  clean.  He  further 
submitted  it  was  never  intended  that  an  authorised  person  was 
to  be  a  lad  of  17  or  18,  who  was  brought  in  to 
do  work  under  the  eye  of  someone  else.  In  the  roles 
definite  alternatives  were  laid  down  to  minimise  the  chance 
of  accident,  but  one  of  these  alternatives  was  not  that 
of  merely  telling  a  person  not  to  do  a  thing.  It  could  have  been 
made  quite  impossible  for  a  man  to  get  on  to  thS  oil  cells  at  all, 
but  nothing  was  done.  Respondents  had  now  admitted  that  they 
had  put  guards  round  the  isolating  switches,  and  if  that  had  been 
done  before,  the  regulations  would  have  been  complied  with. 
Whilst  he  agreed  that  the  appellants  did  not  mean  to  disobey  the 
rules,  yet  he  contended  that  they  did  not  appreciate  them  properly 
and  they  had  not  done  sufficient. 

The  Chairman  said  the  Bench  were  unanimous  in  their  decision. 
As  regarded  the  conviction  under  Regulation  IS,  they  were  of 
opinion  that  the  appellants  should  have  opened  the  switch,  which 
would  reduce  that  point  of  danger.  Therefore,  in  that  case,  they 
thought  the  appeal  must  be  dismissed,  but  that  the  penalty  should 
be  reduced  to  £10  10s.  With  regard  to  the  conviction  under  Regu- 
lation 28,  they  were  of  opinioa  that  within  the  technical  meaning 
of  the  regulation  Shapcot  was  an  authorised  person,  and  in  that 
case  the  appeal  was  allowed.    They  made  no  order  as  to  costs. 


Welsbach  Gas  Co.  A(iREBiiENT. 

.IrsricE  Baii.Hache,  sitting  in  the  King's  Bench  Division,  had 
before  him  the  ease  of  the  Welsbach  Gas  Co.  r.  Ehrich  &  Graetz, 
which  came  before  his  Lordship  under  an  arbitrator's  award  in  the 
form  of  a  special  case. 

Mb.  Colefax,  K.C,  who  appeared  for  the  Welsbsujh  Gas 
Company,  said  the  matter  had  regard  to  an  agreement  of  March 
23rd,  1910,  by  which  the  Welsbach  Co.  undertook  to  take  from 
Ehrich  4:  Graetz,  who  are  a  firm  in  Germany,  manufacturing 
tungsten-filament  lamps,  a  certain  number  of  lamps.  The  vital 
clau»e  in  the  agreement  was  that  by  which  it  was  agreed  that  if 
there  was  a  reduction  in  the  selling  prices  of  these  tungsten  lamps 
— which  (said  counsel)  were  supplied  by  other  companies,  although 
in  this  country  they  were  controlled  by  a  body  called  the  Osram  Co. 
— Ehrich  &  Graetz  should  make  cprtain  allowances  to  the  Welsbach 
Co.  in  respect  of  the  stock  of  lamps  supplied  by  Ehrich  A:  Graetz, 
and  held  at  the  date  of  the  reduction  by  the  Welsbach  Co.  Two 
such  reductions,  in  fact,  took  place,  in  April  and  in  August,  1911. 
Before  August.  1011,  the  Welsbach  Co.  had,  for  the  purpose  of  a 


Vol.  73.     No.  I.SI'.t,  Mav  2,  1!M;).J 


THE    ELECTRICAL    HE  VIEW. 


719 


rcconfitrnotion,  entered  into  an  aRreoment,  dated  May  ir>th,  1911, 
by  which  it  a(?rced  to  tranHfcr  itH  buHincKX,  Htock,  kr..,  to  a  new 
oompany,  and  >|UOHtionH  of  law  aroHe  horu  ax  to  the  binding  character 
of  certain  paraiiraphH  of  the  aifrecment  of  March  2Kth,  I'.ilO,  and 
11.4  to  whether  it  in  fact  terminated  on  December  HI Ht,  I'JIO,  or  three 
inonthH  later,  an  contended  by  llhricli  vV:  Graetz,  or  not.  The  deter- 
mination of  the  allowances  that  were  due  to  the  WeUbach  Co. 
would  t\irn  upon  the  (!ourt'H  deciHion  iw  to  whether  the  vital  clauHO 
was  binding  at  the  time  of  the  two  reductionn,  and  bin  case  was 
that  it  wa».  The  (|ue8tion  in  effect  was  whether  the  Welflbach  Co. 
were  entitled  to  two  HuniH  of  about  £<I00  and  ^!'>,000.  If  theclauHO 
in  repard  to  the  allowances  was  operative  when  the  first  reduction 
was  made,  then  his  clients  were  entitled  to  the  first  amount,  and  if 
it  was  operative  at  the  latter  date,  their  claim  to  the  fnrther  sum 
of  money  would  arise. 

The  various  afrrecments  and  documents  were  handed  to  his 
Lordship,  who  was  informed  that  the  new  company  were  not  parties 
to  the  arbitration. 

Mr.  Colek.w  said  he  represented  the  old  company,  and  the 
question  was  what  they  were  entitled  to  recover  upon  the  true 
interpretation  of  the  documents.  He  submitted  that  as  the  clauee 
in  question  said  in  effect :  "Whenever  any  reduction  is  made,  then  in 
respect  to  the  stock  held  by  the  Welsbach  Co.  there  shall  be  these 
payments  by  the  Electrical  Co.,"  it  was  an  apreement  that  was 
subsistinj?  at  the  dates  when  both  these  reductions  were  made. 

Eventually,  after  hearing  Mr.  Morton  Smith  (for  the  other  side) 
Mu.  Justice  Bailh.\chk  decided  that  on  the  terms  of  the  agree- 
ment Mr.  Colefax'fl  clients  succeeded  on  the  first  item  of  £000,  but 
in  regard  to  the  other  item,  which  involved  a  point  under  the 
reconstruction,  he  could  not  secure  judgment. 

Mr.  Coi.ki'A.x  said  he  took  it  that  his  Lordship  had  held  in 
effect  that  as  regarded  the  second  amount  his  clients  could  not  sue, 
but  that  the  rights  as  to  that  attached  to  the  new  company,  and 
could  not  be  dealt  with  in  that  application. 

His  Lordship  said  that  was  so.  He  added  that  he  thought  Mr. 
Morton  Smith's  clients  should  pay  the  costs. 

Mr.  Morton  Smith  said  that,  as  each  party  had  succeeded,  he 
thought  there  should  be  no  costs.  They  had  succeeded  as  to  the 
biggest  item,  the  £,5,000  odd. 

Mr.  Justice  Bailhache.  however,  adhered  to  his  previous 
decision. 


Valdemae  Poclsen  Patext  E.xtension. 

In  the  Chancery  Division  on  April  24th,  Mr.  Justice  Warrington 
heard  an  application  in  regard  to  the  petition  for  the  extension  of 
the  term  of  letters  patent  granted  to  Valdemar  Poulsen  relating  to 
a  dictating  machine.  The  application  was  to  fix  a  day  for  the 
hearing  of  the  petition. 

Mr.  Byrne,  for  the  petitioner,  said  he  understood  from  Mr. 
Cartmell,  who  appeared  for  the  Board  of  Trade,  that,  for  the 
convenience  of  the  law  officers  of  the  Crown,  the  petition  should 
not  be  taken  this  term.  Perhaps  the  best  course  would  be  for  his 
Lordship  to  mark  the  petition  not  to  be  taken  before  the  first  day 
of  next  sittings.  They  would  try  to  arrange  between  now  and  the 
end  of  the  present  term  to  have  the  hearing  fixed  for  some  par- 
ticular day  on  which  the  law  officers  could  appear.  Counsel  also 
asked  his  Lordship  to  authorise  the  necessary  arrangements  to  be 
made  for  the  use  of  the  electric  current  in  the  Court  in  the  working 
of  a  model  of  the  machine  at  the  hearing. 

His  Lobdshii-  :  You  can  make  such  arrangements  as  are  neces- 
sary. The  petition  was  accordingly  marked  "  not  before  the  first 
day  of  next  sittings"  forbearing. 


the  practice  which  won  URUkl,  proceeded  to  dniit.  At  once  h« 
received  a  shock  of  3,h00  vnltn,  whinh  threw  him  on  the  (rrounrl. 
The  charge  c«caped  by  the  middle  finger  of  hin  right  hand,  which 
was  burned  to  a  cinder,  and  had  to  be  ampututnd,  and  the  great  toe 
of  his  loft  foot,  which  wan  alwi  burned.  Ho  rcceivwl  a  terrific 
Hhock,  and  when  jiicked  up  by  the  charge  engineer,  wan  found  to 
have  wounds  on  his  forchea<l  and  on  the  occiput,  from  Ixith  of 
which  blood  won  oo/ing.  His  injuries  were  dr«*wd  at  the  We«t 
London  Hospital,  anil  he  wa«  laid  (jff  duty  for  nome  time  but  wb« 
now  at  work  ogain.  In  coDHcquence  of  this  occurrence*,  thccharxe 
engineer  had  been  reduced  in  station,  and  hiH  pay  bad  been 
curtailed. 

I'laintifT  gave  evidence  in  support  of  thin  statement,  and  in  crowi- 
cxamination  admitted  that  he  ha<l  not  looked  U}  f>e«  if  the  plngi 
were  drawn,  because  it  was  no  part  of  his  duty. 

Counsel  :  Whether  it  was  your  duty  or  not.  do  you  wiAn  to  Bay 
that  you  did  not  look  to  see  if  the  plugs  were  drawn  when  you 
knew  you  might  receive  a  thock  of  6,000  volts  and  be 
killed  .' 

Plaintiff  :  I  only  did  what  we  had  been  in  the  habit  of  doing. 
The  charge  engineer  previously  had  always  drawn  the  plugs  before 
we  .'Started  to  clean.  He  further  said  that  during  all  the  time  he 
had  been  at  the  station  he  had  only  drawn  the  plugs  once  -the 
charge  engineer  usually  attended  to  that. 

UE(;iNAr,n  Stanlk>  (iooi),  superintendent  of  the  substation, 
snid  that  in  an  account  of  the  occurrence  dictated  and  signed  at  the 
time,  plaintiff  said  that  in  consequence  of  domestic  worry  be 
omitted  to  look   to  see  whether  or  no  the  plugs  were  drawn. 

Counsel  for  the  County  Council  urged  that  there  was  contributory 
negligence  on  the  plaintiff's  part. 

The  jury  found  a  verdict  for  the  plaintiff,  and  acseeaed  the 
damages  at  £135. 

Judgment  was  entered  for  that  amount,  with  costs. 


FUM.ALOVE   r.  L.C.C. 


On  April  21th  Mr.  .lustice  Leratton  entered  judgment  for  £1.=(0 
against  the  London  County  Council,  as  owners  of  the  electric 
tramway  system,  in  an  action  brought  by  a  carman  named  Fulla- 
love,  heard  in  the  Kings  Bench  Division  before  a  common  jury. 
The  man  was  driving  a  van  on  October  29  th  last  in  the  Jamaica 
Road.  Bermondsey,  in  the  direction  of  the  Tower  Bridge,  and  in 
order  to  pass  a  stationary  cart  he  had  to  go  upon  the  tramline, 
when  a  tramcar  came  up  behind  him,  striking  the  van  in  the  rear 
with  such  force  that  the  plaintiff  was  thrown  into  the  road  and 
the  wheel  of  the  van  passed  over  his  legs,  breaking  two  bones 
of  one  of  them.  He  remained  in  hospital  for  about  a  month,  and 
subsequently  for  five  weeks  he  was  kept  at  a  convalescent  home. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Meter  Approve <I. — The  B.  of  T.  has  approved  of  the 
Bat  meter  type  H.T.R.— constant  pressure  two-wire  C.c,  deposited 
by  the  Bat  Meter  Co.,  Ltd. 


Weptfallen  r.  L.C.C. 


On  April  24th,  before  his  Honour  Judee  Gurner  and  a  jury,  in  the 
West  London  County  Court,  William  Thomas  Westfallen,  described 
as  a  switchboard  attendant,  and  residing  in  Fulham,  sued  the  London 
County  Council  for  damages  for  personal  injuries. 

Counsel  for  the  plaintiff  stated  that  in  December.  1910,  his 
client,  who  was  in  the  naval  reserve,  entered  the  defendants'  employ 
at  their  Hammersmith  si'b-station,  the  supply  for  which  came 
from  the  chief  station  at  Greenwich.  His  duties  from  the  first 
were  those  of  switchboard  attendant,  under  a  charge  engineer 
whose  place  he  had  for  five  weeks  filled  through  that 
official  falling  ill.  The  rules  of  the  L  C.C.  were  particularly  strict 
as  to  the  duties  of  these  switchboard  men.  Xo.  1  was  to  the  effect 
that  "no  work  whatever,  either  cleaning  or  otherwise,  is  to  'be 
done  in  any  sub-station  or  any  high-tension  feeder  or  switchboard 
without  the  authority  in  writing  of  the  charge  engineer  on  duty  at 
the  time  ;  such  authority  must  be  given  directly  to  the  person  or 
persons  who  are  to  do  the  work,  and  is  not  transferable.''  Another 
rule  provided  that  "  every  charge  engineer  on  duty  at  the  time 
must  himself  see  that  the  insulating  plugs  have  been  drawn, 
and  that  they  are  not  replaced  before  everything  is  safe."  He  will 
be  "  held  responsible  for  any  accident  which  may  occur  while  he  is 
on  duty,  -notwithstanding  any  instructions  he  may  have  given  to 
other  persons."  Plaintiff,  who  was  on  night  duty,  on  a  morning 
in  December  last,  was  ordered  by  the  charge  engineer  on  duty 
to  clean  the  switchboard,  and  after  placing  a  pair  of  steps  to 
enable  the  official  to  reach  the  higher  cells  over  the  trans- 
former, opened  the  wire  guard  to  start  the  cleanirg.  He 
did  not  observe  whether  the  plugs  had  been  drawn,  but  following 


Patent  Restored. — An  order  has  been  made  restoring 
Patent  No.  19,29(1,  of  1908,  for  "Improvements  in  or  relating  to 
coated  iron  or  steel  sheets  "  (Edwin  Norton). 

OsraniS  in  India.— Among  the  Osram  lamp-selling 
methods  employed  in  India  is  the  running  of  a  motor-car  by  repre- 
sentatives of  the  General  Electric  Co.  (India),  Ltd  ,  for  business 
trips  to  mills  and  factories  within  a  radius  of  30  miles  of  Calcutta. 
We  understand  that  there  are  more  than  50  mills  in  the  area,  all 
having  Osrams  installed  in  considerable  numbers.  The  car 
has  the  words  'Osram  Lamps"  plainly  printed  on  the  sides, 
and  there  is  an  attacle  case  at  rear  containing  the  various 
types  of  lamps  ;  the  samples  carried  therein  are  stated  to  have  been 
carried  daily  without  change  for  nine  months,  and  only  one  fila- 
ment has  broken. 

Lanilok  Speeialities.  —  .A.moDg  orders  lately  received 
by  Mr.  C.  H.  Jeffcoat  for  these  specialities,  was  one  for  tho 
equipment  of  20  theatres  of  the  "  London  Theatres  of  Varieties  " 
and  others  from  Great  Eastern  and  Great  Northern  Railways. 
London  Coliseum,  Queen's  Hall,  Empire,  Harrod's. 

I'nderfeed   Stokers. — The  following  is  a  list  of  some 

stoker  contracts   recently   executed   by   the  Ukdekfeed  Stokeb 
Co ,  Ltd.  :— 

Pemambuco  Tramways,  six  "E"  and  air  heater;  Carlis'e  Corporation 
Electricity  Station,  one  "E":  Burgh  of  Ayr  Electricity  Btation,  Q  "E";  Sd. 
Enereia  Electrioa  de  Cataluna,  San  Adrian,  Barcelona,  16  traTeliing  grates  : 
South-East  Kent  Electric  Power  Co.,  (our  "E";  Metropolitan  Carriage, 
Wagon  &  Finance  Co.,  four  B.l ;  Italian  State  Bailway*,  two  "  E  "  ;  QebrndeT 
Bvil.-er  (for  Japan),  twi-'  travellirc  grates. 


720 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,849,  May  2,  1913. 


Book  \otices. — The  Molor  Manual. — Compiled  by  the 
staflf  of  The  Motor.  London  :  Temple  Press.  Price  Is.  (id.  net. — 
When  a  book  has  reached  its  sixteenth  edition,  and  over  a  quarter 
of  a  million  copies  have  been  sold,  it  is  of  little  use  to  consider  its 
merits  ;  the  voice  of  the  people  has  spoken.  All  we  need  do  with 
the  Motor  Mtiiii/al,  therefore,  is  to  say  that  the  new  edition  has 
just  been  issued  ;  it  has  been  drastically  revised,  and  rearranged  in  a 
more  natural  order.  a"d  additions  have  been  made  including^  over 
100  new  illustrations.  The  Mnn'ial  is  indispensable  to  the 
motorist, 

"Journal  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Enerineers,"  No.  218, 
Vol.  .50.  London  :  E.  A:  F.  N.  Spon,  Ltd.  Price  Ss.— The  issue  for  April, 
1913,  contains  the  foUowine  papers  :  "  A  Sinple- phase  Motor  with 
Pole-Changrinp  Windingrs."  by  J.  S.  Nicholson  and  B.  P.  Haigh  ; 
"  The  Aims  and  Works  of  the  International  Electrotechnical  Com- 
mission," by  Prof.  S.  P.  Thompson  ;  "  Apparatus  for  Improving-  the 
Power  Factor  of  AC.  Systems,"  by  Prof.  Miles  Walker  ;  "  The  Use 
of  a  Large  Lightinfr  Battery,"  by  F.  H.  Whysall  :  "  The  Mechanics 
of  Electric  Train  Movement,"  by  F.  W.  Carter  ;  "  Change  of  Energy 
Loss,  with  Speed  in  Continuous-Current  Machines,"  by  Prof.  W.  M. 
Thornton  ;  ''  Address  to  the  Students'  Section,"  by  Dr.  A.  Russell. 

"Liquid  Air,  Oxygen,  Nitrogen."  By  Georges  Claude.  1913. 
London  :  J.  Ac  A.  Churchill.     Price  ISs.  net. 

"  The  Motor  Manual."  1913.  London:  Temple  Press,  Ltd.  Price 
Is.  tid.  net. 

"Single-Phase  Commutator  Motors."  By  F.  Creedy.  1913. 
London  :  Constable  &  Co..  Ltd.     Price  7s.  (id.  net. 

"  Manual  of  Wireless  Telegraphy  and  Telephony."  By  A.  F. 
Collins.  1913.  London :  Chapman  A:  Hall.  Ltd.  Price 
6b.  6d.  net. 

''  Transactions  of  the  Illominating  Engineering  Society."  Vol. 
VIII,  No.  2.  February.  1913.  New  York :  The  Society.  Price 
75  cents. 

"Sand  Available  for  Filling  Mine  Workings  in  the  Northern 
Anthracite  Basin  of  Pennsylvania,"  by  N.  H.  Darton  ;  "  Second 
Annual  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  for  1912  "  ; 
"The  Cementing  Process  of  Excluding  Water  from  Oil  Wells  as 
Practised  in  California,"  by  R.  Arnold  and  V.  R.  Garfias ; 
"Accidents  from  Mine  Cars  and  Locomotives,"  by  L.  M.  Jones. 
Washington  :  Government  Printing  OfiBce. 

Bankruptcy    Proceed  in  gs. — .John    Mitchkll    and 

Fhederick  JIitchell  (lately  trading  as  Fred.  Mitchell  .*c  Co.), 
electrical  engineers,  97,  Stockport  Road,  Ardwick,  Manchester,  and 
58,  Ashton  Old  Road,  Openshaw,  Manchester. — The  public  examina- 
tion of  the  above  named  debtors,  was  held  at  the  Court  House. 
Oaay  Street.  Manchester,  last  week,  when  it  transpired  that  the 
debtor,  Frederick  Mitchell,  was  formerly  employed  as  a  journeyman 
electrical  engineer,  and  in  March,  1908,  purchased  a  business 
formerly  carried  on  by  Messrs.  Cooper  &  Ormerod,  at  Stockport 
Road.  Ardwick.  He  had  no  capital  of  his  own,  but  his  mother 
lent  him  £45.  His  brother,  John,  who  afterwards  came  into 
partnership,  also  lent  him  £50.  In  1912  they  transferred  the 
works  to  Ashton  Old  Road,  Manchester.  At  first  the  business  was 
fairly  successful,  the  joint  capital,  after  deducting  liabilities  having 
increased  to  about  £300  in  June,  1910.  For  1!U1  and  1912  rough 
balance-sheets  were  prepared,  but  these  were  destroyed.  Debtor  did 
not  know  what  the  figurf  s  were,  but  they  disclosed  a  reduced  turn- 
over. They  afterwards  undertook  more  work  than  they  had 
capital  to  carry  out,  their  contracts  being  mostly  with  speculative 
builders.  In  1911  a  number  of  actions  were  brought  against  them 
for  non-payment  of  accounts,  and  they  lost  contracts  through  being 
unable  to  execute  contracts  in  hand.  Debtor  attributed  his  faUure 
to  lack  of  capital,  legal  expenses  and  bad  debts  (£308).  He  had  no 
private  assets,  and  w  as  now  employed  as  an  insurance  agent.  The 
debtor,  John  Mitchell,  stated  that  he  joined  the  business  in  June, 
1911,  and  gave  corroborative  evidence.  Debtors'  joint  liabilities 
were  scheduled  at  £:^02,  and  their  joint  assets  amounted  to  only 
£12,  leavingr  a  deficiency  of  £  190.     The  examination  was  closed. 

Samuel  Bbookes  (trading  as  the  Netherton  Tube  Fittings  Co.), 
Netherton. — May  9th  is  the  last  day  for  the  receipt  of  proofs  for 
dividend,  by  the  trustee,  Mr.  A.  M.  Fairbairn,  1,  Priory  Street, 
Dudley. 

A.  G.  Adamson.  electrical  engineer.  Acton,  lately  Christopher 
Street,  EC. — Fourth  and  final  dividend  2i;d.  in  the  £,  payable 
April  30th,  at  14.  Bedford  Row.  W.C. 

Dis,solations  and  Li(|uidations. — Mkssrs.  A.  SK^rjE 

AND  Co.,  manufacturing  electrical  engineers,  of  Cambridge  Works, 
Hammersmith,  W.— Messrs.  A.  Seage  and  W.  M.  Dodd  have  dis- 
solved partnership.  Mr.  Djdd  will  attend  to  debts,  ic,  and  will 
continue  the  business. 

COMl'A(jME  GeNEBALE    ElECTBIQUE   DE   LA  CHAMPAGNE,   Ltd. 

— This  company  is  winding  up  voluntarily.  Mr.  H.  T,  McConville, 
65,  London  Wall.  E  C,  is  liquidator.  A  meeting  of  creditors  is 
called  for  May  8th.  Creditors  should  send  particulars  to  the 
liquidator  by  May  23rd. 

Ei.ECTKoi.VTic  Alk.\li  Co  ,  LTi)--Thi8  company  is  winding 
up  voluntarily,  as  already  announced.  Mr.  W.  H.  Alexander.  24. 
North  John  Street.  Liverpoo',  is  liquidator.  A  meeting  of  creditors 
is  called  for  May  7th.  Creditors  should  send  particulars  to  the 
liquidator  by  June  9th. 

RossESDALE  Beltix<;  Co.,  Ltd.,  Manchester.— Winding-up 
order  made  April  21st. 

Adams  Maxufactcbixr  Co.,  Ltd.— A  meeting  of  creditors 
will  be  held  at  Winchester  House,  E.G.,  on  Friday,  May  9th. 

Maksh,  Sc)S  A:  Co.,  Ltd. — This  company  is  winding-up  volun- 
tarily, with  Mr,  R.  W.  Brown,  12,  Old  Squsre,  Lincolns  Inn,  W.C, 
as  liquidator. 


Private  ArraDfrenient. — Leonabd  Hiogins,  electri- 
cian, trading  as  L.  Higgins  4:  Co.,  339,  Stockport  Road,  Longsight, 
Manchester. — The  creditors  interested  herein  were  called  together 
recently,  when  a  statement  of  affairs  was  presented  showing  lia- 
bilities of  £411,  all  of  which  were  due  to  trade  creditors.  The 
assets  were  estimated  to  realise  £83,  from  which  had  to  be  deducted 
£31  for  preference  claims,  leaving  net  assets  of  £.")2,  or  a  deficiency 
of  £359.  It  was  reported  that  the  debtor  started  trading  in 
partnership  with  a  brother  in  April,  1903,  when  they  had  a  joint 
capital  of  about  £50.  The  partnership  was  dissolved  in  December, 
1911,  and  since  that  date  the  debtor  had  traded  alone.  The  dis- 
solution was  not  gazetted,  but  all  the  creditors  were  notified  of  the 
change.  Proper  books  of  account  had  not  been  kept,  and  there 
was  not  a  completu  record  of  the  cash  takings.  Proceedings  had 
been  commenced  by  creditors,  and  it  was  said  that  there  were 
unsatisfied  judgments.  Toe  debtor  stated  that  he  had  carried  out 
certain  contracts  on  which  he  had  lost  money.  After  discussing 
the  position,  it  was  decided  that,  failing  an  offer  of  4s,  in  the  £ 
the  debtor  should  be  requested  to  file  his  petition. 

Trade    Announcement.— It    is  announced    that   the 

business  of  the  late  Mr.  T.  J.  Serle,  of  Messbs  T.  J.  Seble  &  Sons, 
electrical  engineers,  of  liast  Street,  Taunton,  will  be  continued  by 
the  family. 

Catalo{!:ues  and  Lists. — Messrs.  H.  W.  Butlek  &  Co., 

Craven  House,  Kingsway.  W,C.  —  A  serviceable  little  desk  blotter 
has  been  received, 

Messrs,  Mickelwbight,  Ltd  ,  Well  Works,  Alperton,  Middlesex, 
—  12-page  illustrated  price  list  of  resistances  for  cinematograph  and 
other  service,  "  Wright "  number  indicators  for  music  halls, 
theatres,  kc,  auto-transformers,  dimming  and  battery  charging 
resistances,  &c. 

Messes,  Drake  &  Gobham,  Ltd,,  ti6,  Victoria  Street,  West- 
minster, S.W, — 32-page  pamphlet  (No,  201)  giving  numerous  illus- 
trations, brief  particulars,  and  prices  of  various  fittings  for  indirect 
and  semi-direct  lighting — with  plain  and  mirror  reflector  bowls, 
silvered  reflectors,  moulded  composition  bowl  fittings  with  silvered 
reflectors,  alabaster  bowls,  Silurian  and  Equiluxo  glassware,  silk- 
covered  opal  dishes,  Holophane  glassware,  and  a  number  of 
"  Hellenic  "  type  fittings. 

The  British  Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing 
Co.  Ltd.,  179,  Wardour  Street,  London,  W, — Several  publications 
have  been  issued  regarding  their  various  manufactures  for  the 
electrical  equipment  of  cinematograph  theatres.  One  entitled 
"  Pictures  "  contains  reprints  of  regulations  relating  to  the  use  of 
electricity,  &c,,  in  such  theatres,  and  gives  illustrated  particulars  of 
Westinghouse  electrical  equipments,  and  a  long  list  of  these  enter- 
.  tainment  houses  that  they  have  fitted  up.  The  second  is  entitled 
"  There's  gold  in  it,"  and  consists  of  a  collection  of  testimonials 
from  managers.  A  third  "  What  Electricity  can  do  for  you," 
gives  particulars  and  prices  of  ''  Auriga  '  drawn  wire  lamps.  Holo- 
phane glassware,  electric  irons,  toasters,  kettles,  radiators, 
fittings.  &c. 

The  Stolzenbebg  File  Co.,  Ltd.,  210-212,  Bishopsgate,  London, 
B.C. — Catalogue  (48  pages)  fully  detailing,  with  effective  illus- 
trations, their  Stolzenberg  system  of  filing  and  office  organisation. 
From  among  a  number  of  applications  of  the  system  we  may  select 
for  mention  the  use  of  the  files  as  tender  covers  and  as  catalogue 
covers — a  number  of  examples  executed  for  electrical  and  engi- 
neering firms  being  shown. 

Messrs.  Seear.  Page  i:  Co,  Iti  and  17.  Devonshire  Square, 
London,  E.C. — Illustrated  lists  describing  the  "  Maytag  "  electric 
washing  machine.  Copies  will  be  sent  to  electrical  contractors  who 
are  interested. 

The  Wilson-Wolf  Engineering  Co.,  Thornton  Road, 
Bradford. — List  giving  descriptive  particulars  and  list  of  prices  of 
"  Polar "  propeller  ventilating  fans,  also  spare  parts  and  speed 
regulators. 

Messrs.  Vebitys,  Ltd.,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London, 
W.C. — Folder  No.  721  (four  pages),  detailing — with  illustrations 
and  prices — various  lines  of  "Aston"  knife  switches,  circuit 
breakers,  fuses,  lampholders  and  distribution  boards,  designed  to 
comply  with  the  Factory  Act  Regulations. 

Messrs.  L.  Andrews  &  Co.,  2,  Whitworth  Street  West,  Deans- 
gate,  Manchester. — Price  list  of  rubber  valves,  washers  and  sheets, 
asbestos,  garden  and  delivery  hose,  &c. 

Messrs.  Landis  &  Gyk,  Ltd.,  28,  Denman  Street,  London,  S.E. — 
Leaflet  describing  their  switchboard  meters  for  s.  f.,  a.c.  circuits 
and  three-phase  circuits  with  balanced  loads."  Dimension  sketches 
and  diagrams  of  connections  are  given. 

The  Bbitish  Thomson -Hocstox  Co.,  Ltd.,  Rnifby.  —  List 
No.  2,450  contains  full  description  of,  also  tabulated  price,  dimen- 
sional and  shipping  data  concerning,  their  potential  transformers. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Abin|i;don. — The  promoters  of  the  Abingdon  Electric 
Supply  Co.,  Messrs.  Edwards  \:  Armstrong,  of  Bristol,  have  deposited 
with  the  borough  surveyor  plans  for  a  generating  station  to  be 
erected  in  Wootton  R  ^ad. 

Barton-on-Humber. — A  prov.  order  for  electric  light- 
ing has  been  applied  for,  with  the  consent  of  the  I'.DC,  by  Mr. 
F.  Hopper,  J. P.,  head  of  a  well-known  local  manufacturing  concern, 


Vol.  T2.    No.  l.Hi'.i,  May  2,  19i:i.l 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVTRW. 


721 


and  a  loual  company  in  being  formeil  to  curry  on  thi^  unilcrtakin)(. 
Already  the  buildings  are  belnjr  erected,  and  a  contract  entered  into 
with  MessTfl.  Cronipton  A:  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  oablcH,  plant,  ic,  at  £10,270. 
The  Urban  Council  haH  decided  to  take  electricity  for  public 
Ughiina. 

Bevley. — The  I'.D.C.  hns  decided,  in  tlie  event  of  a 
demand  ari»inp:,  to  hire  out  electric  cookini;  apparatus.  The 
Council  has  also  decided  to  allow  members  of  the  stalT  to  conva«»  in 
their  spare  time  for  new  consumerp,  at  a  remuneration  of  'M\.  per 
point  and  (id.  for  each  cooker  and  heater  connected  to  the  mains. 

The  L.Q.B.  has  forwarded  sanction  to  a  loan  of  £1,520  for  E.L. 
purposes. 

The  Council  has  adopted  the  recommendation  of  the  electrical 
enifineer  to  encourage  the  use  of  arc  lamps  for  private  lig-hting', 
and  offers  to  provide  lamps,  supply  current,  and  maintain  the 
lamps  at  prices  rantjinif  from  £•>  10s.  to  £i)  per  annum. 

The  Council  has  also  adopted  the  following  revised  scale  of  charges 
for  current :— Private  houses  for  all  purposes  :  A  fixed  charge  of 
2e.  Gd.  in  the  £  on  the  rateable  value,  plus  a  flat  rate  of  I  id.  per 
unit  net,  or  a  flat  rate  of  (id.  Shops  and  business  premises  :  A 
fixed  charge  of  £10  per  kw.  per  annum,  plus  lid.  per  unit  net,  or 
a  flat  rate  of  Gd.  Outside  shop  lighting  :  A  flat  rate  of  4  id.  per 
unit  net,  with  400-watt  lamps  as  the  minimum  size. 

Blackpool, — On  April  23rd,  two  new  generating  sets 
were  formally  started  up,  this  being  the  seventh  extension  which 
has  been  made  since  the  works  were  opened.  A  l,r)00-K\v.  turbo- 
alternator  has  been  supplied  by  the  British  Thomson-Houston  Co., 
and  is  the  largest  lighting  unit  installed  in  the  works.  The 
addition  of  this  l,r)00-K\v.  unit  brings  the  total  plant  capacity  for 
lighting  up  to  4, HOG  KW.  The  other  addition  was  a  new  800-KW. 
turbo-generator  for  traction  purposes,  supplied  by  the  Brush  Co., 
which  brings  the  plont  capacity  for  tramways  purposes  up  to 
2,250  K\v.,  while  the  total  plant  capacity  of  the  works,  including 
the  two  new  turbos,  is  now  6,600  kw.  The  work  has  been  carried 
out  to  the  specifications  of  the  electrical  engineer,  Mr.  Charles 
Furness,  who  is  to  be  congratulated  on  his  successful  efforts 
to  brinjj  the  installation  up  to  date,  and  on  the  inauguration  of  a 
forward  commercial  policy. 

In  connection  with  the  inauguration  of  the  new  plant,  the  works 
were  thrown  open  for  inspection,  and  a  cooking  and  heating 
exhibition  was  held.  Some  2,000  visitors  took  advantage  of  the 
occasion,  and  we  understand  that  many  inquiries  have  resulted 
from  the  cooking  demonstrations  on  the  Tricity,  Eclipse  and 
Ferranti  ovens. 

Brora. — The  village  of  Brora,  noted  as  having  the  most 
northerly  coal  mine  in  the  kingdom,  is  having  its  paraffin  street 
lamps  replaced  with  .^0  electric  lamps  each  of  2.5-c.p.  A  local 
supply  company  has  the  contract,  and  Messrs.  Edmundsons  are 
carrying  out  the  scheme. 

Bashburj.  —  The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  the  Wolver- 
hampton T.C.  a  prov.  order,  enabling  it  to  supply  energy  within  the 
parish  of  Bushbury,  which  is  in  the  area  of  the  Stafford  R.D.C. 

Bushey. — The  U.D.C.  has  been  informed  that  the 
Colne  Valley  Electricity  Supply  Co..  Ltd.,  do  not  intend  to  pro- 
ceed with  the  application  for  powers  to  supply  electricity  within 
the  area  of  the  Council.  As  this  difficulty  has  been  removed,  the 
Council  will  proceed  with  negotiations  with  the  Watford  U.D.C. 
for  a  supply  of  current  for  the  district,  and  a  draft  agreement 
is  to  be  prepared. 

Canada. — It  appears  that  there  is  trouble  in  connection 
with  the  Hydro-Electric  Commission's  staff.  A  correspondent  says 
that  General  Manager  Sweeney  was  recently  dismissed  from  his 
position  at  the  instance  of  Chairman  Ellis,  of  the  Commission,  and 
forthwith  retaliated  by  trying,  unsuccessfully,  to  get  the  chairman 
removed.  Meanwhile  Manager  Sweeney's  dismissal  was  followed 
by  the  resignation  of  10  other  officials — the  head  of  every  depart- 
ment in  the  service,  including  the  chief  engineer,  the  general 
superintendent,  the  distributing  and  operating  engineers  and  others. 

The  city  of  Toronto  is  to  submit  by-laws  to  purchase  the  under- 
takings of  the  Toronto  Electric  Light  Co.  and  the  Toronto  Electric 
Railway  Co.  The  street  railway  concession  has  eight  years  to  run, 
and  it  has  been  generally  assumed  that  it  would  not  be  renewed. 
The  price  asked  for  these  concerns  is  between  20  and  30  million 
dollars,  and  a  Bill  giving  the  Council  power  to  complete  the  purchase 
has  been  rushed  through  Parliament  although  the  Council  is  not 
unanimous  as  to  the  proposed  purchase. 

The  Shawinigan  Water  and  Power  Co.  has  announced  that  it  will 
add  another  20,000  h.p,  of  plant  to  its  No.  2  power  house,  which 
will  give  the  company  a  capacity  of  80,000  h.p. 

The  Toronto  Hydro-Electric  Commission  (the  municipal  system) 
reports  that  on  December  31st,  1912,  there  were  13,858  meters  in 
use,  300,000  lamps  connected,  33,824  street  lamps  in  use,  and  a  con- 
nected load  of  54,655  H.P.  with  a  peak  load  of  17,198  HP. 

Chilwor(h. — The  South  8toneham  R.D.C.  has  granted 
the  request  of  the  Southampton  T.C.  to  be  allowed  to  supply  current 
to  Chilworth  Towers  and  to  other  property  in  that  district. 

Continental      IVotes.— Eissia. — According     to     the 

German  Consul  at  St.  Petersburg  the  Russian  official  notices  con- 
tain the  grant  of  a  concession  to  an  Englishman,  Mr.  C.  H.  Stuart, 
for  the  installation  of  electric  generating  stations  in  the  Caucasus. 
These   stations    will   be   situated    on   the  River    Terek  and   Lake 


Uoktfichu,  and  (tower  to  uc4|uire  land  on  inortgat^i:  for  the  ernction 
of  diHtribution  mains  in  included  in  the;  concemion.  The  dct&lln  of 
the  concettdion  are  :  (1)  the  erection  of  a  U-miJorary  hydrwdectric 
station  on  the  Terok,  near  the  village  of  (Jwleti  of  a  minimom 
capacity  of  15,000  KW.,  with  traniimimion  line*  to  Tiflin  and 
Vladikavkas  ;  (2)  a  permanent  hydroelectric  Htation  on  the  Terek, 
near  the  Lars  I'ohtHtatioii  of  a  ca[)acity  of  40,000  KW.,  to  which  the 
lines  to  Tiflis  and  N'ladikavkos  are  to  bo  conncotcl  ;  and  (3)  one  or 
two  permanent  Btations  on  Lake  Ooktscha  in  the  region  Jjetween 
the  lake  and  the  watcrmect  of  the  Rivers  Tarstchaia  and  Akttala 
of  a  minimum  capacity  of  40,000  KW.,  with  mains  at  Tiflin.  The 
concession  is  for  a  term  of  75  years.  At  the  expiry  of  tbia  period 
the  whole  undertaking  reverts  to  the  I'iscuH.  After  a  lapse  of 
30  years  the  Government  haH  the  right  to  buy  out  the  under- 
taking, subject  to  one  year's  notice.  The  ooncewsionee  has  the 
right  to  hand  the  concession  over,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Russian  Government,  to  a  Russian  or  foreign  company. 

The  temporary  station  sites  must  be  submitted  to  the  Viceroy 
in  3  years,  the  permanent  station  on  the  Terek  in  3)  years, 
and  those  on  Lake  Qoktscha  in  6i  years  from  the  date  of  sig- 
nature of  concession,  respectively,  and  the  respective  duration 
of  the  constructional  work  is  to  be  2i,  6  and  7  years  from 
the  day  the  Viceroy  approves  the  plans.  It  is  said  that  con- 
structional work  will  begin  this  spring  at  the  Terek  hydro-elec- 
trical station. 

The  report  for  1912  of  the  Socictc  Electrique  de  Saint  Peters- 
burg, which  has  just  been  issued,  shows  that  during  la.st  year  the 
plant  at  the  generating  station  of  the  company  was  increased  by 
a  6,700-H.p.  engine  and  dynamo  and  two  new  boilers.  The 
mains  of  the  company  now  extend  290  miles,  an  increase  of 
22  miles  in  the  12  months.  Inolnding  the  public  lighting, 
current  is  now  being  supplied  to  lamps,  motors,  Ace,  equal  to 
299,784  hectowatts. 

BuLGABiA. — Some  interesting  trials  have  recently  been  made  at 
the  generating  station  in  Sofia,  of  the  Compagnie  d'Klectricitc  de 
Sofia  et  de  Bulgaria,  in  the  firing  of  the  steam  boilers  with  the 
residues  from  Roumanian  petroleum.  The  tests  have  proved  so 
successful,  that  all  the  boilers  at  the  station  have  now  been  adapted 
to  burn  this  fuel.  A  new  steam  turbine  and  generator  of  2,200  h.p, 
has  also  recently  been  installed. 

Spain'. — Two  new  1,000-h.p.  gas  engines  utilising  the  waste  gases 
from  the  blast  furnaces  are  being  installed  in  connection  with  the 
electric  power  station  at  the  Baracaldo  works  of  the  Sociedad 
Altos  Homos  de  Vizcaya.  at  Bilbao.  At  the  Sestao  works  of  the 
same  company  it  is  proposed  to  adopt  electric  driving  in  connection 
with  the  various  iron  and  steel  rolling  mills,  and  to  this  end  a 
battery  of  Babcock  &  Wilcox  boilers  and  two  3,000- kw.  steam 
turbines  and  dynamos  are  being  installed. 

What  is  described  as  being  the  first  electrically -lighted  light- 
house in  Spain  has  lately  been  completed  at  Cape  Villaro,  near 
San  Sebastian.  The  lighthouse,  which  is  82  ft.  high,  is  fitted  with 
a  small  steam-operated  generating  plant  to  furnish  the  necessary 
current  for  the  special  arc  lamp,  the  power  of  which  is  sufficient 
for  the  rays  of  light  to  be  seen  at  a  distance  of  about  32  miles. 
A  petrol-vapour  lamp  has  also  been  installed  to  act  as  a  reserve  in 
case  of  temporary  failure  of  the  electrical  apparatus. 

Belgium. — All  the  steam  engines  in  connection  with  the 
collieries  of  the  Soci6te  des  Charbonnages  du  Hasdad,  at  Trooz- 
Foret,  have  now  been  discarded,  the  various  plant  being  now  entirely 
electrically  operated. 

Feance. — A  new  electricity  generating  station  has  lately  been 
completed  on  the  bank  of  the  canal  between  Caen  and  the  sea  by 
the  Societe  d'Electricit6  de  Caen.  The  station,  which  has  been 
designed  for  subsequent  enlargement  as  the  demand  for  energy 
increases,  at  present  contains  two  2,000-KW.  steam  tnrbo-altemators 
and  an  800-KW.  double-current  turbo-generator,  to  give  800  kw. 
three-phase  and  300  KW.  continuous  current.  In  addition  to 
supplying  current  for  lighting  and  power  purposes  in  the  town 
of  Caen,  the  company  is  also  already  furnishing  a  supply  to 
Cabourg  and  Trouville,  and  arrangements  are  in  hand  for  supplying 
the  town  of  Bayeux  and  other  centres  in  Calvados. 

Cnckfield. — The  R.D.C.  has  decided  to  take  no  action 
with  regard  to  the  draft  prov.  order  for  electric  lighting  issued  to 
the  Mid-Sussex  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co. 

Dromore. — At  a  resumed  B.  of  T.  inquiry  into  a  pro- 
posed electricity  supply  scheme  for  Dromore,  the  opposition  of  the 
gas  interests  and  local  ratepayers  was  heard.  As  regards  the 
former,  the  witnesses  included  Mr.  J.  H.  Abady,  the  well-known 
gas  ex[)ert,  as  well  as  Mr.  Pye,  engineer  to  the  Chichester  Gas  Co.  ; 
and,  altogether,  most  strenuous  efforts  were  made  to  persuade  the 
inspector  that  Dromore  gas  at  53.  3d.  per  1,000  cb.  ft.  is  much 
superior  to  electricity  at  the  proposed  price,  t!d.  per  unit. 

Dover. — Sanction  has  been  received  from  the  L.(i.B.  to 
the  borrowing  of  £300  for  the  purchase  of  transformers. 

Dudley. — Complications  are  not  unUkely  to  arise  in 
connection  with  the  sale  of  the  Corporation's  electricity  under- 
taking. The  draft  agreement  provides  that  after  the  tranfer  the 
Corporation  shall  continue  to  be  responsible  for  the  repayment  of 
the  loans,  the  purchasers,  however,  providing  the  wherewithal  as 
the  loans  become  due.  The  annual  charge  under  this  head  amounts 
to  about  £5,000.  The  question  of  security  has  been  raised,  and  it  ia 
now  believed  that  an  Act  of  Parliament  may  be  required  before 
the  purchase,  which  was  to  date  from  March  2.5th.  1912,  can  be 
carried  through.     It  may  be  added  that  the  works  are  now  being 

£ 


722 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,849,  May  2,  1913 


carried  on  by  the  intendinir  purchasers,  with  an  electrical  engineer 
special  It  retained  by  the  T.C.  to  safeiruard  its  interests.  The 
question,  it  is  expected,  will  come  before  the  T.C.  at  an  early  date. 

Eritb. — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  take  no  farther  steps 
with  reference  to  the  offer  of  the  Woolwich  B.C.  to  supply  energy 
in  balk,  it  beiaj;  considered  that  no  advantagre  would  be  derived 
from  such  a  supply. 

GlasjTOW. — It  is  reported  that  the  various  police  boxes  in 
the  city  are  to  be  fitted  up  with  electric  hot-plates  to  enable  con- 
stables on  nie'ht  duty  to  make  themselves  a  cup  of  tea  or  other  hot 
drink.  The  boxes  are  also  to  be  fitted  with  an  electrical  arrange- 
ment  whereby  the  superintendents  at  the  various  stations  can 
switch  on  a  red  light  when  they  wish  to  communicate  with  the  man 
on  the  beat. 

Harro^te. — Mr.  Oeoree  AVilkinson,  the  borough  elec- 
trical engineer,  has  presented  a  report  to  the  Electricity  Committee, 
on  the  possible  development  of  heating  and  cooking  by  electricity 
emd  its  effect  on  the  Corporation's  electric  supply  undertaking.  He 
estimates  that  a  consumer  using  electricity  for  cooking  and  heating 
would  use  10  times  as  much  current  as  for  lighting,  and  on  that 
basis,  if  half  the  consumers  in  Harrogate  adopted  electrical  cooking 
and  heating,  the  total  number  of  units  sold  would  increase  from 
802,67.^,  the  present  number,  to  over  -1,000,000  per  annum.  With 
a  view  to  encouraging  the  electric  cooking,  he  suggested  the 
following  scale  of  charges: — A  fixed  charge  of  Is.  per  quarter 
per  30- watt  lamp  (or  the  equivalent)  installed,  each  light 
point  to  be  rated  at  30  watts  minimum.  A  fixed  charge  of 
2s.  fid.  per  quarter  per  KW.  installed  in  cooking  plant  and 
electric  radiators,  \-c.  A  flit  rate  of  2d.  per  unit  for  all 
electricity  consumed,  the  tariff  to  be  subject  to  5  per  cent, 
discount  for  prompt  payment  of  account.  The  conditions  to 
be  imposed  are  as  follows:— («)  That  the  establishment  shall 
be  entirely  and  exclusively  illuminated  by  electricity  ;  (h)  that 
every  lamp  be  assessed  for  the  fired  charge  excepting  the  bath- 
room, w.c.  and  boxroom  lamps,  and  one  lamp  in  the  bsisement 
(where  there  are  cellars)  ;  (<•)  that  cooking  and  heating  plant  is 
installed  equal  to  at  least  four  times  the  tot^  capacity  of  the  elec- 
tric lamps. 

Ham  (Sorrey). — The  Twickenham  and  Teddington 
Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  applied  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  consent  to 
use  overhead  lines  from  Twickenham  to  Ham  for  the  purpose  of 
supplying  current  under  the  E.L.  Order.  1904,  at  a  pressure  of  3,000 
volts. 

Hall. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  had  under  con- 
sideration the  proposed  heads  of  agreement  for  the  taking  in  of 
Hessle  into  the  area  of  supply  of  electricity.  The  agreement 
incloded  the  payment  by  the  Hull  Corporation  of  £402  to  the 
Hesele  authority,  towards  the  cost  of  obtaining  a  provisional  order. 

It  was  resolved  that  the  proposed  agreement  and  terms  be  set 
out  on  the  minutes,  and  that  the  matter  be  decided  upon  at  the 
next  meeting  of  the  City  Council. 

India. — Tat.v  Hydro-Electric  Scheme. — We  recently 

referred  to  the  progress  which  this  company  is  making  with  its 
power  scheme,  in  connection  with  which  we  are  given  to  under- 
stand that  the  total  capacities  of  the  motors  and  transformers  to 
be  applied  to  the  textUe  mUls  and  flour  mills  in  the  Bombay  dis- 
trict, which  are  to  derive  their  power  from  the  mains  of  the  absve 
company,  will  exceed  36,000  b  h.p.,  and  40,000  k.v.a.  respectively. 
At  the  present  time,  27  textile  mills  and  two  flour  mills  are  to  be 
electrified,  and  the  whole  of  their  equipment  is  being  manufactured 
by  the  British  Westinghouse  Co.  It  includes,  besides  motors  and 
transformers,  the  complete  control  gear  for  each  mill.  We  hope 
to  be  able  to  give  a  detailed  list  of  the  mills  and  their  equipment 
at  an  early  date,  when  the  final  points  regarding  the  equipment  are 
settled.  The  Westinghouse  Co.  are  to  be  congratulated  upon 
securing  such  an  important  section  of  the  Tata  Co.'s  electrification 
scheme. 

Itcben  (Hants.).— The  U.D.C.  has  been  informed  that 
the  B.  of  T.  has  granted  its  application  for  a  prov.  order  for 
electric  lighting,  and  the  necessary  deposits  are  to  be  made. 

Japan,  —  Our  contemporary,  Elcllriritn,  of  -Milan, 
announces  that  the  municipality  of  Tokio  has  discussed  a  project 
to  borrow,  approximately,  £6,000,000  for  electrical  installations, 
and  has  decided  to  contract  an  immediate  loan  of  £1,400,000  and 
the  balance  next  year. 

Leicester. — The  Borough  Education  Committee  has 
decided  to  expend  C  1,700  on  electric  lighting  and  new  machinery 
for  the  additions  to  the  industrial  schools  at  Desford. 

Lisnaskea  (Co.  Fermanagb).— At  a  meeting  of  the 

Fair  and  Markets  Committee,  matters  in  connection  with  the 
scheme  for  the  lighting  of  the  town  by  electricity  were  further 
considered.  It  was  decided  to  form  a  company  with  a  capital  of 
t:  1.000. 

Liverpool. — At  a  meeting  on  Friday,  last  week,  of  the 
Corporation  Tramways  and  Electric  Power  and  Lighting  Com- 
mittee, it  was  decided,  on  the  casting  vote  of  the  chairman  (Alder- 
man F.  Smith),  to  abolish  the  Electrical  sub-Committee.  The  latter 
was  only  formed  at  the  commencement  of  the  present  municipsl 
year,  five  months  ago,  it  being  felt  that  the  growth  of  the  electricity 
undertaking  had  been  such  that  it  ought  to  be  dealt  with  by  a 
separate  sub-Committee.     At  the  time  of  its  inauguration  there  was 


considerable  party  feeling  displayed  over  the  appointment  of  chair- 
man, several  names  being  submitted  and  rejected,  and  ultimately 
Mr.  W.  J.  Bailes  was  elected. 

London. — Metropolitan    AbVLiMS   Board. — In  view 

of  the  general  adoption  of  metal-fllament  lamps  at  its  institutions, 
and  as  the  expenditure  on  such  lamps  might  possibly  exceed  the 
limit  laid  down  by  the  L  G.B  ,  the  managers  consider  that  lamps 
of  this  description  should  be  obtained  direct  from  the  manu- 
facturers, and  they  have  accordingly  made  application  to  the 
L.G.B.  for  its  sanction  to  this  proposal. 

Luton. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  T.C,  the  electrical 
engineer  submitted  a  long  report  on  proposed  extensions  to  the  elec- 
tricity station  and  plant,  which  had  been  rendered  necessary  owing  to 
the  increased  demand  for  current.  The  existing  buildings,  the  report 
states,  are  filled  to  the  utmost  extent  with  plant,  and  it  would, 
therefore,  be  necessary  to  erect  a  complete  additional  station  as  an 
extension  to  the  existing  one.  Having  gone  carefully  into  the 
matter,  the  engineer  thinks  it  would  be  unwise  to  extend  the  station 
on  exactly  the  same  lines  as  hitherto,  because  by  so  doing,  it  would 
limit  the  ultimate  capacity  of  the  station  to  about  9,000  kw.,  and 
there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  the  rapid  growth  of  the 
undertaking  will  continue.  lie  tidvises,  therefore,  that  the  engine 
room  be  extended  a  distance  of  63  ft.  in  one  span,  and  that  the 
roof  be  raised  to  a  height  of  2o  ft.  under  the  travelling  crane  so  as 
to  allow  for  the  larger  units  that  it  will  be  necessary  to  install  in 
the  future.  This,  he  thinks,  will  be  sufficient  to  accommodate  the 
two  1,000-KW.  sets  required  at  present,  a  ."iOO-KW.  converter,  a  new 
E.H.T.  switchboard,  and  space  for  a  further  5,000-KW.  unit  in  the 
future.  It  will  also  be  necessary,  the  engineer  continues,  to  extend 
the  boiler-house  to  accommodate  two  additional  water  -  tube 
boilers,  and  as  there  is  at  the  present  time  no  provision  for  the 
storage  of  coal,  he  advises  an  extension  of  the  boiler-house  for 
approximately  8.5  ft.  ;  also  a  new  chimney  shaft  of  sufficient 
capacity  to  deal  with  the  maximum  number  of  boilers  it  would  be 
possible  to  install  in  the  future,  at  the  extreme  end  of  the  new 
boiler-house.  The  coal  bunkers  will  be  erected  over  the 
boilers  with  a  holding  capacity  of  about  1.500  tons. 
This  scheme,  the  engineer  points  out,  will  enable  a  further 
extension  to  be  carried  out  to  the  engine  room  at  a 
minimum  cost,  which  will  accommodate  an  additional  10,000  kw., 
and  by  adding  a  wing  to  the  boiler  house  an  additional  four  boilers 
could  ultimately  be  installed  which  would  bring  the  maximum 
capacity  of  the  station  up  to  about  19,000  kw.  Based  upon  pre- 
liminary tenders,  the  engineer  estimates  the  cost  of  these  proposals 
as  follows  :  Buildings  and  chimney  shaft,  £6,787  ;  coal  bunkers 
and  coal-handling  plant,  £7, .5.5.5  ;  boilers,  economieer  and  feed  pump, 
£6,555;  two  1,000-KW.  tufbo-alternators  and  condensing  plant, 
£9,500  :  one  500-kw.  converter,  £1,443  ;  switchboard  and  connec- 
tions, £1,100;  cooling  tower,  pipework,  travelling  crane  and 
details,  £3,356  ;  sub-station  and  converting  plant,  £3,000  ;  provision 
for  mains  required  during  the  next  two  or  three  years,  £5,000; 
total.  £44,296.  When  the  actual  tenders  are  placed,  this  estimate, 
the  engineer  states,  will  be  somewhat  reduced.  Comparing  the 
capital  cost  per  kw.  installed  with  that  which  has  already  been 
carried  out,  the  cost  of  the  existing  station,  excluding  feeders,  dis- 
tributing mains,  services  and  meters,  amounts  to  £1875  per  kw. 
installed,  while  the  proposed  extension,  excluding  mains  and  dis- 
tributing plant,  but  including  the  accommodation  provided  for 
future  plant  will  be  £18  per  kw.,  and  when  the  additional  plant 
is  installed  for  which  provision  is  made  in  these  proposed  build- 
ings, the  total  cost  of  this  new  station  will  be  reduced  to  just  over 
£8  per  KW.  installed,  which,  the  engineer  thinks,  is  an  extremely 
low  figure.  Concluding,  he  advises  that,  immediately,  applica- 
tion be  made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  the  amounts  required. 
The  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee  reported  having 
given  careful  consideration  to  the  engineer's  report,  and 
stated  that  it  was  strongly  of  opinion  that,  having 
regard  to  the  future  requirements,  any  lesser  scheme  than  that  pro- 
pounded by  the  engineer  will  not  ht  economical,  bearing  in  mind 
the  restricted  site,  and  the  anticipated  rapid  increase  (based  on 
past  experience)  of  the  demand  for  energy.  It  accordingly  recom- 
mended the  adoption  of  the  engineer's  report,  and  that  application 
be  made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  the  borrowing  of  £44,296,  the 
estimated  cost  of  the  works, 

Alderman  Wilkinson,  chairman  of  the  Committee,  in  moving  the 
adoption  of  the  report,  said  that  the  question  had  been  brought 
about  by  the  marked  success  and  tested  usefulness  of  the  under- 
taking generally  to  the  inhabitants,  and  to  the  large  consuming 
trading  public.  In  the  early  days  of  the  undertaking  it  was 
anticipated  that  electricity  for  motive  power  would  be  largely 
sought  for  by  thestaple  trade,  and  he  believed  it  was  now  a  fact  that 
those  who  had  not  equipped  their  factories  in  this  way  were  very  con- 
siderably handicapped.  With  regard  to  the  proposed  expenditure 
on  mains,  &c..  the  demand  for  current  from  the  Stanley  Street, 
Regent  Street,  and  Chapel  Street  neighbourhood  had  become  such 
that  the  mains  there  needed  strengthening.  It  was  also  proposed 
to  take  a  h.t.  main  to  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Skefko  Works,  and 
to  establish  a  transforming  station  to  which  current  would  be  sent 
at  a  high  voltage,  and  there  be  reduced  to  the  normal  working 
voltage  The  recommendation,  after  the  matter  had  been  thoroughly 
considered  in  Committee,  was  unanimously  carried. 

The  assessment  on  the  electricity  undertaking  has  been  reduced 
from  £6,000  gross  and  £3,000  rateable  to  £3,B0O  and  £1,500 
respectively. 

Ilid-Sosse.\. — The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  a  prov.  order 
for  electric  supply  to  the  Mid-Sussex  Electric  Light  Co.,  for  the 
Hayward's  Heath  district,  in  which  town  the  generating  station 
will  be.  The  local  authorities  concerned  have  secured  purchasing 
clauses  in  the  order. 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,Hi;i,  May  2,  lt>i:i.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


723 


l*l,yiilOUtll. — The  dectriciil  (iiiffinccr  hiiH  Knl)mitt('(|  to 
the  LiKhti'ifT  Committee  of  the  15. (^'.  that,  in  view  of  the  (frowinur 
demaiKl  for  electricity,  additional  machinery  Hhuuld  bo  provided 
as  Boon  ivH  practicable.  Tie  recommends  that  a  turbo-ifunorator 
■hall  be  in.italled,  together  with  the  ncce«nary  uuxiliaricH,  and  that 
a  larjcor  cable  shall  be  BubHtituted  for  the  exi«tin(r  Xo.  3  feeder,  a 
portion  of  the  cable  diBplaced  to  be  uned  an  a  nhort  feeder  at  Prince 
Rock  ;  alHO  that  an  additional  distributor  an<l  inter  connector  be  laid 
from  Mutley  Plain  to  Lipson  Road  and  Tothill  Avenue.  He  eotimateH 
the  cost  of  the  proposed  plant  at  frii.lOO,  and  cost  of  the  alterations 
and  additions  to  pipework,  Bwitch(;ear  and  cables  at  £2,000.  The 
report  was  approved,  and  tenders  are  to  be  invited  for  the  necessary 
machinery. 

Portsmouth. — As  a  result  of  the  heavy  storm  on  Tues- 
day eveninpT,  which  caused  fioodinf;  in  parts  of  the  town,  both  the 
tramway  and  electricity  services  were  interfered  with,  the  latter 
failing  in  the  central  part  of  the  town. 

Rawtcnstall.  —  The  borough  electrical  and  tramways 
enfirineer  having'  reported  that  new  iplant  will  be  necessory  at  the 
electricity  works  at  an  early  date,  the  Committee  has  instructed 
him  to  prepare  a  statement  showing  what  plant  is  required,  and  a 
Sub-Committee  has  been  appointed  to  consider  the  matter. 

Stalj'bridfre. — It  was  reported  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Stalybridfje  Joint  Tramways  and  Electricity  Board,  on  April  24th, 
that  the  L.G.B.  had  sanctioned  further  borrowing  powers  of  £3!), 255 
for  electricity  purposes. 

Sunimerseat  (Lancs.)> — Messrs.  J.  Hoyle  &  Sons  are 

installing  a  hydro-electric  plant  at  their  spinning  mill,  including  a 
265-n.r.  Boving  turbine  working  on  a  head  of  25  ft.  This  plant 
will  supplement  existing  steam  plant. 

Sainton. — No  decision  has  yet  been  come  to  by  the 
Swinton  and  Piendlebury  Council  regarding  the  particular  system 
of  electric  street  lighting  to  be  adopted  for  the  contemplated  exten- 
sions. A  deputation  has  just  visited  Rawtenstall  to  inspect  the 
system  in  use  there. 

Trowbridge. — The  first  report  and  balance-sheet  of  the 
Trowbridge  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  just  been  issued.  In 
their  report  the  directors  state  that  the  period  under  review  is 
the  first  complete  year  in  the  working  of  the  undertaking,  and  the 
progress  made  is  most  satisfactory.  The  result  of  the  year's  work- 
ing shows  a  profit  of  £196,  and  a  disposable  balance  of  £205,  which 
the  directors  recommend  should  be  dealt  with  as  follows  : — To  5 
per  cent,  interest  on  preference  shares  (already  paid),  £49  ;  to 
depreciation  reserve  fund,  £100  ;  to  general  reserve  fund,  £50. 

U.S.A. — According  to  an  American  contemporary,  a 
transmission  line  some  275  miles  long  is  to  be  built  by  the  Pacific 
Light  and  Power  Co.  from  a  new  plant  about  GO  miles  east  of 
Fresno,  to  Los  Angeles.  This  line  will  be  designed  for  a  pressure 
of  between  150,000  and  175,000  volts.  It  is  claimed  that  climatic 
conditions  are  such  in  this  section  that  200,000  volts  or  more  may 
be  used  on  future  transmission  systems. 

Walthanistow. — The  question  of  extending  the  supply 
to  Higharas  Park  is  being  considered  in  connection  with  the 
proposed  supply  to  Woodford. 

Weaverhain. — The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  a  prov.  order 
for  electricity  supply  to  the  Weaverham  Electricity  Supply  Co., 
Ltd.,  of  Northwich,  the  area  of  supply  comprising  the  parishes  of 
Weaverham-cum-Milton,  Acton,  Cuddington  and  part  of  Oakmere. 

Wick. — This  town,  the  centre  of  the  Scotch  herring 
fishing  trade,  is  shortly  to  have  an  electric  supply.  Messrs. 
Edmundsons,  who  are  already  responsible  for  the  undertakings  in 
several  towns  in  Scotland,  are  the  promoters  of  the  scheme. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Airdrie. — A  conference  has  been  held  at  Airdrie  between 
members  of  the  Corporation  and  members  of  the  Glasgow  Corpora- 
tion Tramways  Committee,  with  reference  to  a  scheme  for  the 
linking  up  of  the  Glasgow  line  from  Baillieston  to  Coatbridge. 

Ashton-nnder-Lyne. — There  is  a  profit  on  the  tram- 
ways for  the  past  year  of  £3,000,  which  is  the  largest  amonnt 
recorded  since  the  inception  of  the  undertaking  10  years  ago. 
Last  year  there  was  a  profit  of  £2,000. 

Australia. — A  New  South  Wales  wheat  farmer  is 
reported  to  have  introduced  a  mammoth  wheat  harvester  at  Molong, 
which  comprises  three  strippers  and  a  winnower.  It  is  driven  by 
three  electric  motors  deriving  energy  from  a  generator  on  an  oil 
tractor  which  draws  the  machine  along. 

Birminf^liain. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  con- 
sidered the  report  of  Mr.  Baker,  the  general  manager,  on  the 
question  brought  before  the  Committee  by  a  deputation,  headed  by 
the  Bishop  of  Birmingham,  of  allowing  tramway  employes 
facilities  for  attending  Divine  service  on  Sunday  mornings.  It 
was  decided. to  communicate  with  the  Biehop,  stating  that  a  large 
majority  of  the  men  do  not  appear  to  have  an  aversion  to  working 
on  Sundays,  the  work  being  considerably  lighter  than  on  week- 


days. In  any  case,  however,  men  who  are  denlroufi  of  atU-mJing 
Divine  service  con  do  so  by  notifying  their  de|,('it  inspector,  when 
arrangements  can  ennily  bo  made,  as  the  dutim  are  always  most 
popular  an<l  there  would  l)e  no  difficulty  in  finding  su^^titutc*. 

Blackpool. —  Mr.  C.  FnrncHB,  gencrBl  manager  of  the 
tramways,  rep'jrted  to  the  Tramways  Committee  on  Thomday,  iMt 
week,  that  the  estimated  income  for  last  year  waa  £^2.000,  hnt 
the  actual  income  had  been  £74, K.*;  which  wa«  a  record  for  the 
tramway  department.  The  previous  year  s  income  waa  £66,.'Hh. 
The  total  working  expenses  were  £31t,682,  and  the  dispoMkble 
balance  £  1 8.3HI.  compared  with  £10,0.'..'!  in  the  previous  ye«r,  also 
a  record.  The  reason  for  the  increased  revenue  was  the  fact  that 
during  the  year  the  number  of  cars  was  increased.  The  revcnae 
from  the  circular  cars  alone  was  £7.'.i02,  an  increase  of  £  J,h,',7,  the 
passengers  carried  by  those  cars  numbering  5y5,>'W>.  The  receipts 
per  car-mile  were  2s.  Hfd.  The  total  number  of  passengers  carried 
during  the  year  was  11,321,148,  an  increase  of  !)8I.42'.»,  the  receipts 
per  car-mile  being  Is.  4j|d.  It  was  proposed  to  contribute  £6,00"i 
to  the  relief  of  the  rates,  and  place  the  balance  of  £13,331  to  the 
permanent-way  renewal  fund.  The  year's  receipts  for  electricity 
were  £40,333,  and  the  disposable  balance  was  £ti,22t;.  which  would 
have  been  greater  but  for  the  fact  that  the  cost  of  coal  was  £3,000 
more. 

Continental  IMotes. —  (iiou.MANY.^  .After  preliminary 
labours  extending  over  several  years,  the  A. E.G.  scheme  for  the 
construction  of  an  electric  railway  {between  Gesundbmnnen 
and  Rixdorf  (Neukiillor)  has  advanced  a  further  stage  towards 
realisation.  The  project  received  the  sanction  of  the  supervising 
authorities  a  year  ago,  the  contract  between  the  company  and  the 
Berlin  City  Council  was  passed  in  February,  1912,  and  now  the 
final  step  has  been  taken  as  the  Minister  of  Public  Works  has 
presented  the  concession  for  the  Prussian  Royal  consent.  As 
in  the  case  of  the  existing  Berlin  elevated  and  underground 
railway,  the  new  railway  will  also  be  partly  high  level,  and  partly 
built  below  the  street  surface.  The  concession  is  for  a  period  of 
90  years,  although  the  municipal  authorities  will  have  the  right 
of  acquisition  at  the  expiration  of  30  years,  and  at  succeeding 
terms  of  five  years.  The  municipal  authorities  will  have  a  share 
in  the  gross  receipts  per  mile  of  line,  and  the  share  percentage  will 
rise  in  proportion  to  the  growth  in  the  gross  receipts  per  mile.  It 
is  estimated  that  the  construction  of  the  railway  will  occupy  a 
period  of  seven  years,  and  the  expenditure  is  computed  at  £4,250,000. 
One  halt  of  the  capital  will  be  raised  by  the  issue  of  ordinary  and 
preference  shares  in  a  new  company  to  be  eventually  formed,  and 
the  other  half  will  be  provided  by  the  floatation  of  a  loan,  the 
interest  on  which  will  be  guaranteed  by  the  municipal  authorities. 
In  expectation  of  the  Boyal  consent,  the  A. E.G.  has  already  made 
preparations  for  commencing  the  work  in  the  near  future  by  the 
issue  to  a  financial  syndicate  of  A.E.G.  bonds  amounting  to 
£1,500,000,  which  sum  is  required  for  the  expropriation  of  property 
and  other  preliminary  works.  The  bonds  bear  interest  at  the 
rate  of  5  per  cent,  for  the  first  five  years,  when  the  rate 
will  fall  to  a  per  cent.,  and  the  A.E.G.  will  be  recouped  for  this 
outlay  by  the  new  railway  company  at  a  later  date.  The  issue  has 
been  taken  over  by  the  syndicate  at  the  price  of  97i  per  cent.,  and 
the  subsequent  issue  to  the  public  will  be  at  par  value.  The 
railway  scheme  is  the  largest  individual  undertaking  which  the 
A.E.G.  has  hitherto  embarked  upon. 

The  lower  house  of  the  Prussian  Diet  has  passed  a  Bill  autho- 
rising the  spending  of  £1,250,000  on  preparations  for  the  electrifi- 
cation of  the  Berlin  City  Circular  and  Suburban  Railways.  It  was 
originally  intended  to  electrify  all  the  lines  at  a  cost  of  £2.500,000. 
It  was  mentioned  that  electric  traction  would  save  £300.000  per 
annum  over  steam  traction,  and  that  to  meet  the  liabilities  due  to 
the  new  work,  a  revised  tariff  would  be  introduced,  to  bring  in 
£400,000  more  a  year. 

Italy.— The  Provincial  Council  at  Parma  has  just  given  its 
assent  to  a  scheme,  which  will  have  the  effect  of  developing  the 
electric  tramway  system  of  that  city  and  its  suburbs  considerably. 

The  lines  in  the  city  now  in  the  hands  of  the  National  Italian 
Railway  and  Tramway  Co.  and  the  lines  to  Zibello,  Busseto, 
Soragna,  Borgho  S.  Domino,  Rocca,  Bionca  Mano,  Nocoto,  Medesano, 
Langhirano,  Traversetelo  and  Montechio,  upon  all  of  which  steam 
cars  are  now  run.  will  be  taken  over  and  worked  electrically, 
although  the  freight  service  will  still  be  worked  by  steana.  Beyond 
this  two  new  lines  are  to  be  laid  down.  The  cost  of  this  re- 
organisation is  estimated  at  over  £900,000. 

France. — The  municipal  authorities  of  Paris  have  recently  put 
in  service  a  new  motor  dust  cart,  the  feature  of  which  is  that  it  is 
drawn  by  an  electric  arant  train  or  motor  fore  carriage,  which  can 
be  readily  detached  from  a  full  vehicle  and  attached  to  an  empty  one. 

A  concession  has  lately  been  granted  for  the  construction  aiid 
working  of  an  electric  railway  between  Morez  (Jura)  and  Saint 
Cergues,  near  the  Swiss  frontier. 

The  last  horse  tramway  in  Paris  has  just  been  electrically 
equipped,  viz.,  the  Pantin-Opera  line,  on  which  an  electrical 
service  was  inaugurated  last  week. 

Dalkeith. — TheT.C.  has  unanimously  decided  to  support 
the  scheme  for  the  Lothians  railway,  a  BUI  for  which  is  again  to 
be  presented  in  Parliament.  With  a  view  to  meeting  some  of  the 
former  objections,  the  scope  of  the  scheme  is  being  extended,  and  it 
is  proposed  to  lay  down  a  railway  all  the  way  from  Arniston 
Collieries,  Gore  Bridge,  Midlothian,  along  by  Thomiebank.  following 
up  by  Smeaton,  and  continuing  rid  Monktonhall  to  the  Forth. 

Glasgfow, — Some  time  ago  a  special  Committee  was 
appointed  to  report  upon  the  provision  of  an  additional  supply  of 
power  at  Pinkston  power  station,  and  at  a  recent  meeting  has 
recommended  that  two   additional    turbo-alternators  be  obtained 


724 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,8411,  May  2,  1913. 


for  the  station,  one  of  5,000  kw.  and  the  other  of  2,000  Kw.,  and 
that  the  g^eneral  manager  be  instructed  to  prepare  the  necessary 
specification  and  form  of  tender  and  obtain  offers  for  the  erection 
of  the  alternators  ;  and  in  the  meantime  to  advertise  for  sale  one  or 
more  of  the  reciprocating  engines  at  Pinkston  power  station. 

The  general  manager  has  been  instructed  to  get  1,000  additional 
bell  punches  from  the  Bell  Punching  and  Printing  Co. 

Halifax. — Tlie  Tramways  Committee  has  declined  to 
accede  to  the  request  of  residents  of  the  district  to  extend  the 
tramways  from  the  present  terminus  at  Skircoat  Green  to  Dudwell 
Lane.  The  outlay  for  a  double  line  would  be  £1,700  and  for  a 
single  line  J6 1 , 1 00,  and  the  Committee  considers  that  an  adequate 
return  for  such  expenditure  is  not  possible. 

Keighley. — Two  B.  of  T.  representatives — Major  J.  AV. 
Pringle  and  Mr.  A.  P.  Trotter — visited  Keighley  on  Thursday,  last 
week,  and  inspected  the  railless  trolley  system  which  has  been  con- 
structed bv  the  Corporation.  The  route  is  from  Ingrow  tramway  ter- 
minus through  Cross  Roads  to  Hebden  Road,  Haworth,  and  powers 
have  been  obuiined  to  run  through  Oxenhope.  The  total  length  of  the 
new  section  is  1  mile  1,400  yards.  Messrs.  Clough,  Smith  \  Co.,  of 
London,  under  the  direction  of  the  Cedes  Electric  Traction  Co  , 
Ltd.,  have  erected  the  overhead  gear,  and  a  "  Cedes-Stoll  "  car  was 
used  for  the  inspection.    The  cars  are  to  carry  28  passengers  each. 

LODdon. — In  connection  with  a  recent  Routhwark 
inquest,  attention  was  drawn  to  the  convenience  of  the  existing 
electric  ambulance  service,  and  the  jury,  in  returning  their  verdict, 
unanimously  expressed  the  opinion  that  electric  ambulances  should 
be  provided  throughout  the  metropolis,  and  requested  that  their 
views  should  be  forwarded  to  the  various  authorities  concerned. 

Manchester. — The  aj^itation  for  an  all-night  tramway 
service  in  Manchester  has  recently  been  revived,  and  last  week  a 
deputation  representing  various  organisations  affiliated  with  the 
.Manchester  Trades  and  Labour  Council  appeared  before  the  Tram- 
ways Committee  to  urge  the  institution  of  an  all-night  service. 
The  deputation  also  suggested  that  the  time  was  ripe  for  the  intro- 
duction of  a  system  of  halfpenny  fares.  The  Committee  is  to  give 
consideration  to  the  questions  raised  by  the  deputation. 

Nelson. — The  report  of  the  year's  working  of  the 
electricity  and  tramways  department  shows  that  the  income  of  the 
tramways  is  the  largest  so  far  attained,  the  total  profit  being 
£1,888,  or  £1,437  more  than  estimated.  The  through  service  of 
cars  to  Colne  and  Trawden  has  again  proved  beneficial,  though 
an  important  defect  is  pointed  out  in  there  being  only  a  single  line. 
The  laying  of  a  double  set  of  lines,  the  report  adds,  will  need  to  be 
considered  in  the  near  future. 

Newcastle  -  on  -  T.vne. —  The    new    tramways    routes 

from  Jesmond  Read  to  Chillingham  Road  and  to  the  borough 
boundary  at  Benton,  and  also  to  Xewbum,  will  be  opened  this 
month.  A  prov.  order  has  been  received  for  laying  the  new  lines 
from  Westgate  Road  to  St.  Nicholas  Square  and  the  High  Level 
Bridge,  the  intention  being  to  carry  passengers  from  the  end  of  the 
bridge  to  different  parts  of  the  city. 

Rawtenstall.— At  the  T.C.  on  Thursday,  Alderman 
Coupe  (chairman  of  the  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee) 
regretted  that  the  tramways  had  made  a  loss  on  the  year's  working 
of  £626,  largely  accounted  for  by  the  heavy  cost  of  repairing  the 
track,  upon  which  £1,250  had  been  spent  during  the  year.  Traffic 
receipts  had  increased  from  £24,311  to  £25,700.  It  was  proposed 
to  allocate  £1,500  from  the  rates  in  aid  of  the  tramways.  The 
electricity  department  had  had  a  successful  year,  the  profit  amount- 
ing to  £2,642,  against  £2,358.  The  income  was  £10,494,  or 
£1,368  in  excess  of  the  previous  year.  He  said  that,  other 
tramways  of  about  the  same  route  mileage,  the  average  journeys 
were  89,  and  the  revenue  7b.  lid.  In  Rawtenstall,  the  figures  were 
156  and  168.  7d.  In  earning  capacity,  however,  Rawtenstall  was 
practically  the  lowest,  the  average  earnings  on  33  similar-sized 
undertakings  being  £3,800  per  route-mile  per  annum,  whereas 
Eawtenstall's  was  only  £2,100,  while,  in  the  larger  towns,  the 
average  was  £7,500  and  the  maximum  £17,300.  That  meant  that 
Rawtenstall  had  an  insufficient  population,  even  with  the  high 
earnings  per  head,  to  make  the  tramways  pay  their  way.  As  to  the 
electricity  department,  the  capital  expenditure  at  the  electricity 
works  per  unit  sold  was  one  of  the  most  favourable  in  the  country. 
The  generating  costs  were  amongst  the  lowest  in  the  country,  and 
lower  in  many  cases  than  in  some  of  the  very  large  towns. 

At  the  same  meeting  of  the  T.C,  the  financial  arrangement  with 
Bacnp  Corporation  in  regard  to  the  tramways  was  approved,  and  it 
was  resolved  that,  in  pursuance  of  the  Rawtenstall  Corporation  Act 
of  1907,  the  sum  of  £30,742  be  lent  to  the  Bacup  Corporation  for 
tramway  purposes  at  3  J  per  cent,  per  annum. 

Sal  ford.— The  B.  of  T.  has  appointed  Mr.  lloberfc 
Hammond  leferee  to  settle  the  price  to  be  paid  by  the  Corporation 
for  electrical  energy  supplied  by  the  Eccles  Corporation  in  respect 
of  a  portion  of  the  tramways. 

l'.S..4. — The  company  operating  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  has 
found  it  necessary  to  introduce  a  variation  of  theP.A.Y.E.  system 
on  its  cars.  In  the  morning  the  entering  cars,  which  pick  up 
passengers  along  the  route,  are  operated  on  the  pay-as-you-enter 
plan.  In  the  evening,  however,  with  traffic  conditiona  reversed, 
with  a  view  to  speeding  up  the  loading  of  cars,  a  pay-ae-yon-leave 
air<tngpment  is  adopted,  the  passengers  paying  as  they  get  off  at 
different  points  on  the  route.  Under  these  conditions  it  is  stated 
that  a  car  can  be  loaded  with  100  people  in  70  seconds. 

The  Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit  Co.  is  now  building  100  centre 
entrance  cars  of  a  similar  type  to  the  one  introduced  experimentally 


last  year,  and  referred  to  by  us.  The  type  is  described  as  a  double- 
end  straight-sided  body  with  low-step  passenger  entrance,  and  two 
exits  in  the  centre  of  the  car,  and  arranged  for  collection  of  fares 
as  the  passengers  enter.  The  doorway  containing  the  entrance, 
and  an  exit  on  either  side,  is  6  ft.  6  in.  wide,  the  sill  being  14  in. 
above  the  rail  ;  the  car  floor  on  either  side  of  the  entrance  plat- 
form is  10  in.  higher,  and  elopes  upwards  towards  the  ends.  Two 
40-H.p.  motors  are  fitted,  and  the  car  seats  58  passengers. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


A   Larire    Teleitlione  fable. — In    his    recent  annual 

report,  Mr.  Theo.  N.  Vail,  president  of  the  American  Telephone  and 
Telegraph  Co.,  referred  to  a  new  type  of  cable,  providing  900  pairs 
(1,800  wires)  in  the  space  formerly  required  for  600  pairs.  The  con- 
ductors will  be  No.  22  B.  i;  S.  gauge  ;  thickness  of  lead  sheath, 
i  in. ;  diameter  overall,  2^  in.  ;  approximate  weight  per  ft.,  9 J  lb. 
—  T.  and  T.  Aqe. 

Imperial    Wireless   System.  —  On    Wednesday  last 

week  the  Select  Committee  on  the  IMarconi  contract  continued  the 
examination  of  Mr.  Rose,  solicitor  to  the  Poulsen  Co.,  who  said  that 
their  object  in  fighting  against  the  Marconi  contract  was  to  secure 
the  opportunity  of  establishing  a  trans-Atlantic  service.  Major 
Archer-Shce,  M.P.,  repeated  his  statement  that  he  had  never  held 
any  financial  interest  in  the  Poulsen  Co.,  and  denied  that  he  had 
been  concerned  in  any  conspiracy  to  blacken  the  character  of 
Ministers. 

Mr.  Granville,  formerly  nominal  editor  of  the  Eije-Witnenf,  gave 
evidence  regarding  articles  written  for  that  paper  by  Mr.  Cecil 
Chesterton,  and  said  that  the  latter,  with  Mr.  Belloc.  had  for  motive 
an  attack  upon  Jews,  as  Jews. 

On  the  following  day  Mr.  A.  R.  Orage,  editor  of  the  New  Jf/e, 
was  examined,  and  afterwards  Mr.  Hilaire  Belloc,  who  disclaimed 
any  enmity  towards  Jews,  but  refused  to  answer  questions  regard- 
ing articles  in  the  Eye-Witnesf:. 

Mr.  A.  A.  Campbell  Swinton  was  called,  and  said  that  in  April, 
1910,  he  made  tests  of  the  Poulsen  system  over  a  distance  of  nearly 
1,000  miles,  and  reported  thereon  to  Mr.  Charles  Kerr,  as  an  abso- 
lutely independent  expert.  He  had  never  had  any  shares  in  any 
wireless  company.  Up  to  the  time  of  the  disclosures  in  the  -Vat in 
case  he  had  not  believed  it  possible  that  Ministers  had  dealt  in 
Marconi  shares  of  any  description  ;  he  had  thought  they  were  all 
far  too  clever  to  do  so  foolish  and  dangerous  a  thing. 

Mr.  E,  T.  Powell,  editor  of  the  Financial  Xews,  was  next  exa- 
mined, and  stated  that  the  City  believed  that  a  powerful  syndicate, 
including  people  in  high  positions,  was  responsible  for  the  whole 
of  the  Marconi  operations.  It  was  reported  that  an  account  at  a 
bank  was  opened  on  behalf  of  the  syndicate  and  reached  about 
£70,000,  but  that  a  person  attempted  to  withdraw  the  whole  amount 
in  small  notes,  as  though  desiring  to  conceal  the  dealings  with  the 
notes.  A  large  business  was  done  in  English  Marconi  shares  by  way 
of  Hamburg. 

On  Monday,  when  pressed  by  the  Committee,  Mr.  Powell  stated 
that  he  had  heard  the  name  of  Mr.  Winston  Churchill  mentioned  in 
America  as  one  of  three  Ministers  who  had  dealt  in  the  shares,  but 
said  he  believed  the  rumour  to  be  absolutely  false.  He  had  also 
heard,  but  had  no  evidence,  that  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs  might  have 
been  responsible  for  starting  the  rumours  with  regard  to  Jlinisterial 
dealings. 

Mr.  Winston  Churchill  appeared  before  the  Committee,  and  when 
asked  whether  he  had  had  any  dealings  in  Marconi  shares,  pro- 
tested vehemently  against  the  "  very  insulting  charge,"  which  im- 
plied that  he  had  kept  silence  while  his  colleagues  came  forward 
and  disclosed  their  position,  and  was  supported  by  nothing  but 
tittle-tattle.  He  had  never  had  any  interest  in  any  telegraphic 
shares. 

Mr.  Powell's  examination  was  concluded,  and  Mr.  C.  H.  Palmer, 
acting  editor  of  the  Financial  Times,  was  called. 

The  Committee  adjourned  until  Wednesday. 

Both  in  the  Committee  and  in  the  House  of  Commons,  a  move- 
ment is  on  foot  to  bring  the  investigations  of  the  Committee  to 
an  early  end.  Yesterday  the  report  of  the  Technical  Committee 
was  to  be  presented. 

Xew  Cable. — The  section  of  the  Eastern  Telegraph  Co.'s 
new  London — Hong-Kong  cable  between  Penang  and  Colombo  has 
been  laid  by  the  c.s.  Cvlonia. 

The  Malta  section  to  Alexandria  has  already  been  laid.  The  new 
cable  will  cost  about  £1,500,000,  and  wUl  be  the  largest  cable  ever 
laid.  It  now  takes  about  21  hours  to  transmit  a  20-word 
message  from  Bombay  to  London,  and  a  further  hour  or 
hour  and  a  half  for  the  message  to  be  sent  from  Colombo  to  Bombay. 
By  the  new  cable,  on  a  message  from  Colombo  to  London,  a  saving 
of  3  hours  and  50  minutes  will  be  effected  in  transit,  while  on  a 
message  sent  to  Bombay  there  will  be  a  saving  of  2  hours  and 
20  minutes.  This  great  saving  of  time  is  due  to  the  fact  that  by 
the  new  system  a  mepsage  is  mechanically  transmitted  from  section 
to  section  of  a  cable  and  is  not  relayed  by  hand  until  it  reaches  its 
ultimate  destination,  thus  avoiding  or  reducing  to  a  minimum  the 
chances  of  mutilation  in  retransmission.  Under  the  present  system 
a  message  has  to  be  deciphered  and  retransmitted  at  Lisbon. 
Gibraltar,  Malta,  Alexandria,  Aden  and  Bombay.— 7".  and  T.  Age. 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,MI:),  Mav 


TIfK     KJ.KCrnUCATi    RKVII'IW. 


72r, 


l*<»st  Onice  l'ro|rn\s.s. — Oti  Tliumdiiy  lufit  wcok  Mr, 
Ilorbort  SaiinKil,  on  tho  I'owt  Odloe  vote,  rol'orrod  to  tho  rcdtiutionH 
which  luid  1)0011  iWrootod  in  cable  riitoH,  inoludiii(f  ohoiviior  week-end 
tel(i>,'raiiiM  at  oiu^foiirth  tho  old  rateH,  and  cheap  IVohh  ratoH, 
whi(ih  had  rcHiiltod  in  an  immenHe  inoroaHo  of  cable  tratllo.  Tho 
Pacitio  (!ablo  Hoard  reported  that  in  three  years  tho  traftic  had 
doubled.  lie rpfjretted  the  delay  in  OHtablishinij  a  chain  of  Imperial 
wireless  stations,  due  to  tho  investipialionH  of  the  Select  Committee 
on  tho  Marconi  contract,  but  sites  had  boon  provisionally  selected 
in  England,  Esrypt,  India  and  South  Africa,  and  were  being  selected 
in  East  Africa  and  tho  Straits  Settlements.  The  small  coastal 
stations  in  this  country  showed  an  increase  of  trafTio  of  15  percent., 
and  new  stations  were  boinp  erected. 

The  department  on  taking  over  the  National  Telephone  Co.'s 
undertakinsr  found  that  heavy  arrears  of  construction  had  accumu- 
lated, pending  the  transfer  ;  in  London,  ;!0,000  subscribers  had  to 
be  transferred  to  different  exchanges,  and  there  was  great  difficulty 
in  securing  a  sufficient  amount  of  skilled  labour,  while  the  stormy 
weather  had  caused  almost  unprecedented  damage  to  overhead 
wires,  calling  off  about  3,000  men  who  would  otherwise  have  been 
employed  in  connecting  up  new  telephone  subacribers  and  develop- 
ing the  system.  In  London,  since  the  transfer,  the  staff  had  been 
increased  by  2f>  per  cent.,  and  the  wages  paid  were  15  per  cent, 
higher,  on  the  average,  than  under  the  company.  Complaints  had 
been  reduced  by  50  per  cent,  compared  with  the  early  part  of  last 
year  ;  102,000  miles  of  additional  wires  had  been  laid  down,  and 
20,000  new  subscribers  had  been  connected.  In  the  whole  country 
£1,000,000  had  been  spent  on  the  improvement  of  the  exchange 
system,  apart  from  the  trunk  system,  and  a  larger  sum  would  be 
spent  this  year.  Last  year,  98  new  exchanges  were  opened,  and 
this  year  220  more  would  be  opened,  several  being  on  the  automatic 
system.  The  trunk  traffic  showed  an  increase  of  I»  per  cent.,  and 
the  London  trunk  wires  were  being  increased  from  520  to  700.  A  new 
loaded  telephone  cable  was  being  laid  between  England  and  Ireland  ; 
similar  cables  had  been  laid  to  France  and  Belgium,  and  the  Conti- 
nental traffic  showed  a  very  remarkable  increase.  The  rates  to  France 
would  be  reduced  50  per  cent,  from  July.  Communication  would  be 
opened  with  Switzerland,  and,  if  possible,  with  Germany.  Rural 
party-lines  were  being  taken  up  quickly  ;  1,000  subscribers  were 
connected,  and  500  were  being  connected.  The  telephone  call 
oflSces  in  villages  had  been  increased  to  2,000.  Nine  local  advisory 
committees  had  been  formed,  and  12  more  were  being  formed.  A 
Departmental  Committee  was  dealing  with  the  revision  of  rates  of 
charge.  Various  reforms  had  been  made  in  connection  with  the 
postal  and  telegraphic  services.  A  tube  railway  would  be  con- 
structed for  Post  Office  purposes  alone,  six  miles  in  length,  from 
Paddington  to  Whitftchapel,  costing  1:1,000,000.  The  wages  of  the 
telephone  operators  and  clerks  had  been  raised,  but  the  electrical 
staff  had  not  benefited  equally,  and  steps  had  been  taken  to  remedy 
this  grievance.  In  the  whole  country  the  Post  Office  employed 
233,000  people. 

Submarine    Bells. — The    North-German   Lloyd    have 

decided  to  equip  their  steamers  with  submarine  bells  of  a  similar 
type  to  those  fitted  to  light  ships. 

Telephone   Progress  in   Europe. — According  to  the 

Revue  Praflqve  dc  V Elect ricitc,  France  stands  much  behind  both 
Germany  and  England  in  the  matter  of  telephone  facilities.  In 
Germany  in  November  last  there  were  about  1.200,000  telephone 
stations,  that  country  occupying  second  rank  among  the  nations  of 
the  world  in  this  respect,  but  falling  far  behind  the  United 
States,  which  is  easily  first  with  10,000,000  stations.  France  takes 
fifth  rank  only  with  250,000,  being  behind  Canada  with  300,000, 
and  England  with  about  700,000.  The  first  automatic  telephone 
network  installed  in  Europe  was  set  up  at  Hildesheim,  in  Hanover, 
in  1908.  the  old  system  of  Strowger  being  used.  At  the  present 
time  there  are  12  networks  in  operation.  The  semi-automatic 
system  is  also  employed,  notably  at  Dresden,  Leipzig  and  Posen. 
Fresh  installations  of  both  systems  are  under  way,  the  German 
Postal  Department  being  very  favourably  disposed  towards  them. 
In  France  the  first  trials  of  these  systems  are  only  now  being  made, 
the  former  system  at  Nice  and  Orleans  and  the  latter  at  Marseilles 
and  Angers.  As  regards  the  telephone  charges,  those  ruling  in 
Germany  are  very  much  lower  than  what  are  current  in  France. 
They  are  fixed,  not  according  to  population,  but  to  the  number  of 
subscribers  to  a  particular  network.  According  to  statistics  com- 
piled in  July  last,  Berlin,  with  a  little  over  2,000,000  inhabitants, 
possesses  139,428  stations,  whereas  Paris  with  nearly  3,000,000 
inhabitants  has  only  about  05,000.  The  equipment  installed,  both 
public  and  private,  is  about  the  same  in  both  countries,  but  the 
■'  money-in-the-slot "  system  is  totally  unknown  in  France.  The 
charge  in  Germany  is  O'lO  mark  (about  Id.),  which  compares  with 
the  2d.  exacted  in  this  country.  The  use  of  the  slot  system  is  being 
extended  in  Germany  as  in  this  country,  it  being  installed  in 
hotels,  restaurants,  hairdressers'  shops,  &c.,  for  the  use  of  their 
customers. 

^^ 

Time  Service. — The  Post  Office  has  issued  particulars  of 
the  improved  and  extended  time  service  which  is  now  offered  to 
the  public.  The  Greenwich  time  signal  will  be  transmitted  once 
daily  to  master  clocks  at  distributing  centres,  from  which  hourly 
signals  will  be  transmitted  to  subscribers,  who  will  provide  their 
own  wiring  and  clocks.  The  charge  is  £6  per  annum  for  a  single 
subscriber,  £  3  each  to  a  pair  of  subscribers,  and  £2  each  to  three  or 
more  subscribers  on  one  circuit  within  a  radius  of  2  miles  from  the 
distributing  centre.  Under  the  new  system  20  circuits  from  the 
Central  Telegraph  Office  suffice  for  ttje  whole  country,  instead  of 
200  circuits  formerly  required, 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 

Australia. — May  14th.  (icncratin^,'  plant  for  Darwin 
Radiotelegraph  Station,  Northern  Territory.  Bee  "OfBclal  Notice*" 
April  11th. 

ViOTouiA. — May  30th.  Ifigh-tcnHlon  nwitchgear  with  remote 
control,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.  See  "Official  Notice*" 
March  2Hth. 

May  Ifith.-— One  15-ton  overhea<l  travelling  crane,  for  the  Mel- 
bourne City  Council.     See  'Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

June  2nd. — 20,000- volt  n.T.  switchgear  and  l,  t.  Hwitchgear  and 
accessories,  for  the  Melbourne  Suburban  Railways.  Bee  "  Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

June  1 1th. — Switchgefir  and  instrumentH,  for  the  Melbourne  City 
Council.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th. 

Tasmania. — June  9th.  Telegraph  and  telephone  material  for 
the  P.M.G.'s  Department.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Qdeensland. — May  21st.  Copper  wire  and  accesflories,  for  the 
P.M.G.'s  Department.     See  "Official  Notices"  April  11th. 

August  27th. — Five  sections  of  common-battery  multiple  switch- 
board, for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Austria.  —  i\ray  «th.  The  Austrian  State  Railway 
authorities  at  Tarnow  are  inviting  tenders  for  an  installation  of 
electric  lighting  at  the  railway  station  at  Tarnow. 

Barnes. — May  lllth.  Feeder  and  distributor  cables,  for 
the  U.D  C.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th. 

Barrow-in-Furness. —  May  7th.  Electric  light  instal- 
lation at  the  workhouse,  for  the  B.G.  See  "Official  Noticee" 
April  25th. 

Belfast. — May  IDth.  Circulating-water  pump,  for  the 
Corporation  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  April  25th. 

Belgium. — May  13th.  The  municipal  authorities  of 
Weekenraedt  (province  of  Liege)  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  con- 
cession for  the  public  and  private  electric  lighting  of  the  town. 

Bootle. — May  13th.  Boiler  and  pipe  coverings  for 
Marsh  Lane  electricity  works.  Borough  Electrical  Engineer's 
Office,  Pine  Grove. 

Canada. — WiNNiPEfj. — May  15th.  City  Light  and 
Power  Department.  Two  three-phase  generators  of  5,000  Kw.  for 
direct  connection  to  6,800-h.p.  water  turbines  ;  also  spare  parts. 
Chairman,  Board  of  Control.  Deposit,  £205.  Particulars,  Board  of 
Trade  Com.  Intel.  Department  in  London. 

Cleckheaton.— jMay  lOth.  Slack  coal  (1,500  tons)  for 
the  U.D.C.  electricity  works.     Mr.  J.  B.  Linfield,  Clerk. 

Felixstowe  and  Walton.— May  5th.     One  150-kw. 

Diesel-driven  d.c.  generating  set  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "Official 
Notices"  April  18th. 

France. — The  French  State  Railway  authorities  (Bureaux 
du  Service  Electrique,  4e,  Rue  de  Rome),  Paris,  are  at  present 
inviting  tenders  for  the  supply  of  15  electric  capstans  (continuous 
current)  for  the  railway  coal  depot  at  Levallois  and  the  goods 
station  at  BatignoUes,  Paris. 

Glasgow. — May  9th.  Cables,  meters  and  arc  lamp 
carbons  for  a  year,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "Official  Notices" 
AprU  25th. 

May  26th. — Two  steam  turbo-alternators,  with  condensing  plant 
(5,000  KW.  and  2,000  KW.  respectively),  for  the  Corporation  Tram- 
ways Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th. 

Grimsby. — Pipework,  extension  of  Klein  cooling  towers, 
conduits,  seven-way  d.p.  distribution  board  and  motor-driven  rotary 
air  and  water  extraction  pumps  and  circulating  pump,  for  the 
Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Hoylake  and  West  Rirby.— May  5th.    One  400-kw. 

alternator  and  triple-expansion  Belliss  engine,  and  evaporative  con- 
densing plant,  for  the  U.D.C.     See  "  Official  Notices  '  April  18th. 

Italy. — May  1 3th.  The  Italian  State  Railway  authorities 
in  Rome  are  inviting  tenders  for  two  sets  of  engines  and  dynamos 
for  the  Rimini  railway  works.  It  is  specifically  stated  that  foreign 
firms  may  compete  for  the  contract. 

Ring's  Lynn.— May  oth.  One  400-kw.  steam  dynamo 
with  condensing  plant  and  pipework,  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"Official  Notices"  April  ISth. 

London.— May  7th  and  9th.  Electrical  installations  at 
(«)  Elthorne  Road  Special  School,  Holloway,  and  (h)  Wilton  Road 
Central  Elementary  School,  Hackney.  See  "  Official  Notices  "  April 
25th. 

May  1 3th.— One  20-ton  overhead  band  crane,  for  the  Shoreditch 
sub-station.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th. 

The  Highways  Committee  is  to  invite  tenders  from  selected  firms 
for  two  hydraulic  accumulators  and  a  pump  for  the  third  section 
of  the  central  car  repair  depot. 

Manchester. — May  '^th.  Steelwork  for  foundations  of 
15,000-KW.  turbo-generator,  engine  house,  floor  extensions  and  air 
ducts  and  cast-iron  floor  plates.  Forms  of  tender,  &c.,  obtainable 
from  Mr.  F.  E  Hughes,  Secretary,  Elfctricity  Department,  Towp 
Hall.  Manchester.    Deposit  £1  le, 


726 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,849,  Mat  2,  1913. 


lUeiboroutrh. — May  SOth.  Lancashire  boiler,  for  the 
r.D.C.  electricity  department.    See  "OflScial  Xotices"  April  2Bth. 

Peterborouph. — May  0th.  One  500-kw.  d.c.  steam 
turbine  generatinfr  set  and  two  eteam  boilers,  for  the  Corporation. 
See  "OflScial  Notices  "  April  25th 

Plymontli. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  invite  tenders  for 
a  year's  supply  of  coal  for  the  electricity  works.  Particulars  from 
the  Electrical  Engineer. 

Ratbmines  and  Rathjfar.— May  19th;  Electrically- 
driven  jet  condensing  plant,  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "  OflBoial  Notices  " 
to-day. 

Rochdale. — May  14th.  Electrically  -  driven  induced- 
draught  plant,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  department,  See 
"OflScial  Notices"  April  2.'ith. 

May  21st. — Boiler  feed  pumps,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity 
Committee.     See  "OflBcial  Notices"  to-day. 

Rotherbain. — May    fith.      Twelve    26-ft.    lengths    of 

British  standard  tram-rails,  section  No.  4,  for  the  T.C.     Mr.  E.  B. 
Martin,  Borough  Engineer. 

Salford. — May  19th.  Tenders  invited  for  10  car  bodies 
and  10  Brill  trucks.  General  Manager,  32,  Blackfriars  Street, 
Salford. 

May  9th. — New  switch  house.  Specitications.  A:c.,  obtainable 
from  Borough  Electrical  Engineer,  Electricity  Works,  Frederick 
Road,  Pendleton. 

Sheffield. — l^Iay  .5th.  Excavations,  retaining  walls  and 
extension  to  water  service  reservoir  at  Neepeend  Power  Station, 
including  valves,  pipework,  &c.,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  OflBcial 
Notices''  AorU  18th. 

South  Africa. — The  African  World  states  that  orders 
for  electrical  machinery  and  material  will  shortly  be  forthcoming 
»t  Wellington,  and  Umtata  and  Cape  Province,  where  the  ratepayers 
have  approved  electric  lighting  schemes  to  cost  £10,000  and  £7.000 
respectively. 

Spain. — The  Minister  of  Marine  invites  tendei-s  from 
foreign  manufacturers  for  two  long-distance  wireless  telegraph 
installations  which  are  required  for  the  two  cruisers  A'xlirmadiim 
and  Fio  df  la  Plata,  as  well  as  two  wireless  telegraph  experimental 
stations  for  the  Spanish  "  School  of  Application." — Board  of  Trade 
Journal. 

'Walthanistow. — 'May  28th.  Natural  draught  cooling 
tower,  for  the  U.D.C.  Electricity  Department.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

Warring;ton. — ]May  13th.  Traction  battery  and  rever- 
sible booster,  for  the  Corporation.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th. 

May  13th. — Feeder  pillars  and  high  and  low-tension  cables,  for 
the  Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 


CLOSED. 


Australia. — An  Australian  contemporary  states  that  the 
municipal  electric  supply  plant  at  Gawler  (S.  Australia)  is  to  be 
added  to  shortly,  Messrs.  McLean  &  Co.  having  received  a  contract 
for  a  Gardner  suction  gas  engine,  Cambridge  gas  producer  and  a 
65-KW.  Sterling  alternator,  for  £1,767. 

Bexhill-on-Sea. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 

Messrs.  Crompton  &  Co..  Ltd.,  for  a  new  switchboard,  at  £329. 

Blyth  (Northumberland). — Messrs.  Reside  &  Co.,  Ltd., 

Brighouse,  have  received  the  contract  for  the  complete  electrical 
installation  at  the  new  Government  buildings. 

Canada. — The  directors  of  the  Cedar  Kapids  Power  Co., 
Montreal,  have  awarded  the  contract  for  the  completion  of  the 
hydro-electric  development  works  of  the  company  to  Eraser,  Brace 
and  Co.,  of  New  York.     The  price  involved  is  f  3,000,000. 

Croydon, — The  T.C.  has  accepted  tlie  tender  of  Callender's 
Cable  4  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  cables  for  a  year. 

Dewsbury.— The  tender  of  the  Union  Cable  Co.  for  one 
mile  of  electric  cable,  for  £  1 58,  has  been  accepted  by  the 
Corporation. 

Dover. — Suljject  to  the  usual  sanction,  the  T.C.  has 
accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  £2,893,  for 
the  construction  of  tramways  in  connection  with  the  proposed  pier 
scheme. 

Ileston  and  Isleworth. — At  the  U.D.C.  meeting  last 

week,  Mr.  Bhuff,  on  the  presentation  of  the  report  of  the  Electricity 
Committee,  directed  attention  to  the  fact  that  it  recommended 
acceptance  of  the  tender  of  the  Union  Cable  Co.  for  cables,  not- 
withstanding that  the  flgures  quoted  by  that  firm  were  in  the 
aifgri^sgate  £100  in  excess  of  those  submitted  by  the  Electrical 
Engineering  and  Equipment  Co.  Mr.  D.  Bennett  said  the  second  firm 
named  was  a  foreign  firm,  and  its  goods  were  manufactured  abroad. 
The  tender  recommended  was  by  an  English  firm,  and  it  was 
considered  better  to  give  the  contract  at  home,  as  the  Council 
would  then  be  able  bo  exercise  better  control  over  the  supply.    Mr 


ShuS  pointed  out  that  £400  was  a  considerable  difference,  and 
thought  it  did  not  matter  whether  the  firm  were  English  or 
foreign  so  long  as  it  could  be  depended  upon.  Furthermore,  it  was 
due  to  the  ratepayers  that  the  lowest  tender  phonld  be  acceptpd, 
and  he  moved,  as  an  amendment,  that  the  Council  accept  the 
tender  of  the  Electrical  Engineering  and  Equipment  Co. 
Mr.  Bonnett  said  the  Council  should  understand  that  the 
tender  was  at  so  much  per  mile,  and  the  Committee  did  not 
know  how  much  they  would  ultimately  rf  quire.  It  would  certainly 
be  an  advantage  to  have  the  work  done  in  this  country,  as  the 
chairman  and  engineer  could  test  it  readily.  Mr.  Meyers  was 
of  opinion  that  for  the  reasons  stated  it  was  better  to 
place  the  contract  with  an  English  firm.  He  doubted  whether 
in  the  end  the  difference  would  be  more  than  £50.  The  amend- 
ment was  lost  by  12  votes  to  4,  and  the  tender  of  the  Union 
Cable  Co.  was  then  accepted. 

Huddersfield, — The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted 

the  following  tenders  :— 

E.  Green  &  Son.— Kconomiser. 
W.  T.  Henley'8  Co.,  Ltd,-CBl)le. 
A.  Crowther.— Lead  piping. 

India. — The  whole  of  the  recent  contract  for  supplying 
the  silent  chain  drives  required  for  the  equipment  of  the  new  shops 
of  the  Bombay,  Baroda  and  Central  India  Railway  has  been 
awarded  to  the  Westinghouse  Brake  Co.,  Ltd.,  makers  of  the 
Westinghouse-Morse  silent  rocker-joint  chains. 

London. — Stepney. — The  following  tenders  were  received 
by  the  B.C.  Electricity  Committee  for  two  5.000-KW.  turbo-alter- 
nators, with  condensers,  accessories  and  switchgear,  for  extensions 
at  the  Limehouse  generating  station.  The  various  prices  quoted  by 
certain  of  the  tenderers  include  turbines  of  their  own  manufacture 
coupled  to  various  makes  of  condensing  plants  and  alternators. 
(Alternative  tenders  not  to  specification  are  excluded.)  : — 

Escher,  Wyss  &  Co.  (recommended).— At  1,500  b.pm.,  i'!)e,081. 

Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd.- At  1,600  h.p.m.,  JE-lLai,?. 

Richardsons,  Westgarth  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Al  1,500  b.p.m.,  £41,228,  £12,500, 
£43,20P,  £48,249,  £43,957,  £44,696,  £4i,»45. 

Willons  &  Robinson,  Ltd.— At  1.600  b.p.m.,  £41,089,  £41,789.  £42,690,  £48,209. 
£48,o.'!0.  £14,960,  £46,910,  £49,130  ;  at  3,0CO  b.p.m..  £43,570,  £44,860. 

Belliss  &  Morconn.  Ltd. -At  1,500  R.i'.M.,  £)3.195.  £45,255,  £46,673. 

Brush  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.— At  8.000  h.v.m.,  £48.500. 

Howden.  J.,  &  Co.,  Ltd.-At  1,600  b.p.m.,  £41,665,  £42,329,  £43,749,  £15,416, 
£45,679. 

Parsons,  C.  A.,  &  Co.,  Ltd.-At  \,:m  R  p.m.,  £45,591,  £46,482,  £46,e43, 
£47,484;  at  8,000  b,p.m.,  £41,195. 

British  Westinghouse  Elec.  &  Mfg.  Co  ,  Ltd.-At  1,500  b.p.m  ,  £47,627. 

British  Thorason-Houeton  Co.,  Ltd.-At  1,600  k  p.m.,  £47,750. 

Maschinenfabrik  Oerlikon.— At  1,500  b.p.m.,  £60,091,  £50,480. 

The  Committee  recommends  the  acceptance  of  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Escher,  Wyss  .t  Co.,  at  £38,031. 

L.C.C. — The  Highways  Committee  hopes  to  report  on  the  tenders 
for  two  8,000-KW.  steam  turbo-generators  on  May  6th. 

The  Stores  and  Contracts  Committee  has  accepted  the  following 
tenders  : — 

Portland  cement  for  the  tramways  department.— J.  Byford  &  Son,  Ltd. 

(£277),  and  the  Empire  Portland  Cement  Co..  Ltd.  (£6.070). 
Clean  river  ballast  for  tramways  department.— W.  Cory  &  Son,  Ltd.  (£760i. 

H.  Covington  &  Sons,  Ltd.  (£887),  and  T.  Scholey  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (£1,729). 

HoLBOBN. — The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Marry  at 
and  Place,  at  £77  lOs.,  for  installing  electric  light  at  the  High 
Holborn  public  convenience,  at  present  lighted  by  gas.  Tenders 
were  also  received  from  Barlow  Bros.  &  Co.,  H.  J.  Cafh  &  Co .  Ltd., 
Duncan,  Watson  &  Co.,  Rashleigh,  Phipps  &  Co.,  and  .Tames  Willats 
and  Son. 

Luton. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  ^lessrs. 
Macintosh  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  an  annual  supply  of  vulcanised  bitumen 
insulated  cables, 

Walthamstow. — The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  following: 

tenders  for  annual  supplies  : — 

Cables.— Union  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. 

India.rubber.covered  wires.— Liverpool  Electric  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. 

Box  compound. — Dussek  Bitumen  Co. 

Chalterton's  compound— Sun  Electrical  (^.,  Ltd. 

Pure  rubber  tape. — Win.  Oeipel  &  Co. 

Compound  and  black  adhesive  and  whito  linen  tape.— Siemens  Bros.  $  Co., 

Ltd. 
V.  and  B.  tape  and  v>aint.-  K.  W.  Blacknell  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
Lead  sleeves    for    Joints    and    leading    sealing    ends.— Callender  e    Cable 

Co.,  Ltd. 
Cut. outs  and  counterweight  selB,  oj>al  shades,  teak  blocks  and  enamelled 

iron  shades,  key  switchbolderh  and   opal  shades,  gear    nheela    and 

armature  coils,—  British  Westinghouse  Co.,  Ltd. 
Tinned  copi>er  fuse  wire.— London  Electric  Wire  Co.  and  Smiths,  Ltd. 
Zinc  rods,  i)orou8  pots  and  glass  jars.- G.  Braulik. 
Dry  cells  and  sal  ammoniac— Prvke  A  I'almer. 
Carbons  tor  open  arcs,  18  mm.  iind  12  mm.,  metal  and   non-nietalcored 

carbons.— Hlcan  Electrical  Co.,  Lid.,  for  Conradty  carbons. 
Do.,  18  mm.  and  9  mm.— H.  O.  Maver  .V:  Co.,  for  Schiff  &  Co.'s  carbons. 
Carbons  for  enclosed  arcs.- H.  G.  Mayer  &  Co.,  for  Scbif?  4  Co.'s  carbons  ; 

Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  for  Siemens  carbons. 
Ordinary  meters,  prepayment  meters  (or  pennies  and  shillings. —Chamber 

lain  &  Hookham,  Ltd.,  and  Forranti,  fjtd. 
Prepayment  meters  for  sixpences.— Fenanti,  Ltd. 
Hour  iMi-iers.— Electrical  Co.,  Ltd. 

Incandcs'^ent  lampi-.— Electrical  Manufacturing  and  Supplies  Co.,  Ltd. 
Pinion  wheels,  trolley  beads,  trolley  head  bushes  and  trolley  globes.— .1.  W. 

nowlanda  &  Co. 
Trolley  wheels  and  brass  terminals.— The  .\ntl-Attrltlon  Metal  Co.,  Ltd. 
liiibber  fleeves,  galvanised  span  wire  and  controller  fingers.— Imeson  and 

Finch. 
Rubber  cap  and  trolley  booms.- Breckuell,  Munro  ft  Bogers,  Ltd. 
Bt«el  tires.- John  Brown  ft  Co..  Ltd. 
Soldering  fluid,  ohina  bridge  fuses,  steel  conduit,  brasa  aro  lamp  hooks, 

insulated  hooks,   steel  conduit,  lVc,  and  staples,  Sinolait  insulators, 

chimney  brackets,  roof  brackets  and  pole  steps,  iocandescent  lampH, 

I)ho8phor  bronze.— General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
Switches,  ceiling  roses,  &c.,  dust  shot,  fuse  wire,  lead,  bell  wire,— Bkliaon 

and  B«\n  Co.,  Ltd. 
Braided  silk  and  workshop  Ilex,  compound  for  glands,  jointing  material.— 

W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co,,  Ltd. 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,M|!),  May 


TTfR    El.ROTRlOAL    RFV1E\\ 


727 


raacclrstiehi, — .Messrs.  Mick-Dicwil  Oil  Kii^iiics,  Ltd., 
hiivo  Hocurrd  a  contrnot  from  tho  New  Kloctrioity  (Jo.  of  MacoleH- 
field,  Ltd,,  for  two  lilO-ii.ir  r.  DIchpI  cnifinen. 

Sweden.  In  luidition  to  tlirce  lai-f^c  hydrHulio  turbiiicH 
mipplifd  to  the  TroIlHittnii  Workn,  rccenUy  dcirribed  in  f  iir  j'0(r«H, 
Messrs.  Ilovini;  \  (!o.,  Ltd.,  have  received  from  t'lo  Sweilish  (lovern- 
nient  an  order  for  three  turbines  for  tho  new  instullation  at 
Elfkarleby,  which  will  ultimately  have  an  output  of  more  than 
lOO.OOO  11,11, p.  Each  turbine  will  develop  15,000  li.H.l',,  with  a 
head  of  lii  m,,  and  will  consist  of  two  pairs  of  wheels  on  a  common 
horizontal  shaft,  paasine  about  ;!,50()  cb.  ft.  of  water  per  second. 
The  turbines,  which  will  bo  by  far  the  lar^^e8t  of  this  tvpe  built 
in  Kurope,  will  be  constructed  at  tho  company's  works  at  Kristine- 
hamn. 

Tyldesley    (Lanes.).— The    U.D.C.   has    accepted    the 

tender   of   Messrs.    Simplex   Conduits,    Ltd.,    for   metallic-filament 
lamps  for  street  litrhtinij. 

Woolwiell. — 'I'lie  B.C.  bus  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
General  Klectric  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  £5,H51,  for  a  1,500-KW.  turbo- 
alternator,  complete  with  turbine  by  Willans  &  Robinson,  and  con- 
densing: plant  by  the  Rees  Roturbo  Co.,  Ltd.  is  tenders  were 
received. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


Society  of  Engineers.— Saturday.  May  3rd.  At  8  p.m.  At  the  Holborn 
Restanvant.     Bohemian  concert. 

Salford  Technical  and  EnSineering  Association.— Saturday,  May  rtrd.  Visit 
to  the  Kcononiiser  Works  of  Messrs.  K.  Greon  &  Son,  Ijtd  ,  Wakel^eid. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  iNewcastle  Section).  Moiidav,  May 
fith.  AtVSOp.ni.  At  tlie  Armstrong  Collese,  Newcastle.  Paper  on  "  Phase 
Advancing,"  by  Dr.  G.  Kapp. 

(Students'    Section).— Wednesday,   May  7th.    At  7.45  p.m.      At  the 
Institution,  Embankment,  W.C.    Annual  general  meeting. 

(BirminfSham  Section).— Wednesday,  May  7th.    .\t  the  University, 
Birmingham.     Annual  general  meetinK. 

(Dublin   Sectlonl.— Thursday,  May  8th.    At  8  p.m.    Meeting  at  the 
Royal  Collepp  of  Science,  Dublin. 

Faraday  Society.— Wedncday,  May  7th.  At  8  p.m.  At  the  Institution  of 
Klectrical  Knginoers.  The  following  papers  will  be  »^e8d:— "A  Redeter- 
mination of  1  he  Elastic  Modulus  of  Muminium."  by  F.  J.  Brislee,  T>.flc. : 
'■  The  Density  of  Aluminium, "  by  F.  J.  Brislee.  D.Hc. ;  vQn  the  Pofntial 
due  to  Liquid  Contact"  (Part  III),  by  A.  C.  Curaniing,  D.Sc.  and  Elizabeth 
Gilchrist,  B  Sc. ;  "Note  on  the  Klectrolytio  Determination  of  Copper  in 
Polutions  containine  Nitric  Acid,"  by  Elizabeth  Gilchfist,  B.Sc,  and  A.  C. 
Gumming.  D.Hc;  "New  Experiments  on  Colloids."  bv  T.  A.  Coward; 
"  Overvoltage, '  a  communication  from  Prof.  J.  W.  Richards. 

Concrete  Institute.  Thursday,  MaySlh.  At  7.30  p.m.  At  Denison  House. 
2915,  VauxlmU  Bridge  Road.  Paper  on"  Stability  of  Brick  Chimney-Shafts," 
by  Mr.  H.  Cane. 

Royal  Institution. — Saturday,  May  inih.  At  3  p  m.  Lecture  on  "Humphrey 
Internal-Combustion  Pumps,"  by  Mr.  H.  A.  Humphrey.     (lecture  I.) 

Physical  Society.— Friday,  May  16th.  At  8  p.m.  At  the  Imperial  College 
of  Science,  South  Kensington,  S.W.  Paper  on  "Some  Experiments  to 
Detect  /3-r»y3  from  Radium  A,"  by  Drs.  W.  Makower  and  8.  Russ. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(liONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Officer — Liect.-Col.  H.  M.  Leaf. 

The  followine  orders  have  been  issned  for  the  current  week  •  — 

Monday,  May  5th. — "A"  Company.  Infantry  drill,  7  to  9  pm.;  technical 
instruction  for  all  members  on  the  6'h  rate  of  E.P.  and  for  all  candi- 
dates for  higher  rating,  7  to  9  p.m   ;  musketry  instruction,  9  to  10  p.m. 

Tuesday,,  May  6th.— "B"  Company,  Infantry  drill,  '  to  9  p.m.;  technical 
instruction  for  all  members  on  the  6th  rate  of  E  T.,  and  for  all  candi- 
dates for  higher  rating,  7  to  9  p.m. ;  musketry  instruction,  9  to  10  p.m. 

Wednesday,  May  7th.— All  Companies.    Annual  musketry  at  Purtleet. 

Thursday,  May  8th.— "C  "  Company.     Drills,  Ac  as  for  May  5th. 

i''riday.  May  9th.— "D"  Company.    Drills,  &c.,  as  !■  r  May  5th. 

Saturday.  May  10th.— Headquarters  will  be  opened  for  regimental  buKiness 
from  10  a.m.  till  12  noon. 


(Signed) 


P.  H.  C.oiPBELL,  Capt.  R.E.,  and  Adjt. 

For  Officer  commanding  L.E.B, 


NOTES. 

The  "  Point  Fives." — A  meeting  of  the  "  Point 
Fives"  was  held  at  the  Great  Northern  Hotel,  Bradford,  on  Friday, 
April  18th.  Mr.  Thomas  Roles  in  the  chair.  Messrs.  W.  G.  Pick- 
vance,  of  Wrexham  (February,  1913,  Norwich  system,  plus  Jd.)  ; 
Harold  Gray,  of  Accrington  (April,  1913,  Norwich  system,  plus 
Jd.)  ;  and  S.  E.  Fedden,  of  Sheffield  (April,  1913,  Norwich  system, 
plus  id.),  were  duly  elected  members  of  the  Association.  Mr. 
F.  W.  Purse,  who  is  going  to  Carlisle,  could  not  be  formally 
elected,  as  he  was  not  at  the  time  of  the  meeting  in  charge  of  an 
undertaking  conforming  with  the  articles  of  association,  but  it 
was  decided  that  he  should  be  invited  to  attend  the  special  meeting 
on  May  23rd.  Mr.  Allen,  of  Carlisle,  will  cea  e  to  be  an  ordinary 
member  when  he  takes  over  his  duties  at  Wolverhampton,  but  he 
was  unanimously  elected  an  honorary  member  for  12  months,  to 
give  him  time  to  introduce  a  '5i  tariff  in  Wolverhampton. 

The  Chairman  gave  a  valuable  and  interesting  address,  a  report 
of  which  will  be  given  later  ;  this  was  followed  by  a  long  dis- 
cussion, and  arising  therefrom,  it  was  decided  that  a  special 
meeting  should  be  held  at  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers 
on  Friday,  May  23rd,  to  consider  the  following  matters : — (a) 
Standardisation  as  far  as  practicable  of  electric  cookers  ;  (A) 
Standardisation  of  the  rateable  value  plus  ^id.  per  unit  tariff  for 
domestic  supplies. 

The  next  ordinary  meeting  will  be   held  on  Tuesday,  June  17th. 


ill  London,  diirini;  t)ii'  I.M.K.A.  Oinvnition  wimIc  (.Mr.  I(lu':kman, 
chairman).  It  wuh  di-cidwi  that  tliiH  Hhoiild  \ms  an  ojien  mertlnir, 
which  anyone  intcrcnliwl  in  the  obj«<;tti  of  thn  Awtocialiori  «x>uW 
attend.  There  will  be  tho  usual  dinner  at  7  :iO  (ticket*  .'in.  r-A.. 
morning  dress),  followed  by  the  chairman's  ciiNtomary  five  minate*' 
address,  and  then  a  diHcimaion.  MoHMm.  iinwden,  Iila<:kmaii,  and 
the  hon.  secretary,  were  appointc-<l  a  hnb-Cuiiimittee  to  (okke  the 
necessary  arrangements.  All  who  wish  to  attend  thin  miyitinir 
should  send  in  their  iiaincH  to  tho  Hon,  Kocrctnry,  I'J,  York  I'lai-*, 
Baker  Street,  Londijn,  W  ,  as  early  as  |K>H^ible.  and  then  tho 
Sub-(,'ommittee  will  make  further  arrangement*  a>i  to  th*  place  of 
meeting,  ic. 

With  regard  to  electrical  publicity,  it  was  decided  that  owint;  to 
the  moribund  state  of  the  Electric  Supply  Publicity  (Committee, 
the  A'lsociation  must,  for  the  time  being,  make  it«  own  arrange- 
ments for  its  members'  re<(uirements,  and  a  Bketch  by  .Messr*.  J. 
Miles  iV  Co.,  IIS  70,  Wardour  Street,  London,  \V.,  was  approved,  to 
be  enlarged  for  poster  purposes  and  reduced  for  postcardii ;  1,(XX) 
posters  arc  available  and  1  <),(J0o  postcards.  The  meml>ers  of  the 
Association  are  to  have  the  first  call  on  these  quantities,  but  after 
that  Messrs.  Miles  A;  Co.  are  entitled  to  dispose  of  any  which  are 
available  to  anyone  who  asks  for  them.  The  price  of  the  postern 
is  28s.  per  100,  plus  7s.  (id.  for  over-printing  name  and  address,  and 
the  postcards  Ills,  per  1,000  ;  printing  on  reverse  side  extra.  Appli- 
cations to  be  sent  to  the  hon.  secretary,  who  will  notify  MeMrs. 
Miles  &  Co.  to  complete  the  order. 

Although  no  resolution  was  passed,  it  was  felt  etrongly  that  thin 
question  of  publicity  was  one  which  the  electrical  industry  could  not 
afford  to  neglect  any  longer,  and  a  lead  was  looked  for  from  the 
Industrial  Committee  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Eagiaeers 
as  to  what  must  be  done  in  this  direction. 

Storms  and  Telephones. — An  idea  of  the  cligafitrous 

effects  of  the  March  storms  in  the  United  States  on  overhead  lines 
may  be  gathered  from  the  illustrations  which  we  reproduce  here- 
with from  the  I'/'lep/iniu-  Emjlneei — out  of  a  large  numV>er  of 
extraordinary  views.  In  February  the  Chicago  Telephone  Co.  and 
the  Central   Union    Telephone  Co.   lost   2,500   poles   in  northern 


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1 

^^^ 

.    '  ''~"^- 

"r^r^"**.^'^'  -A 

J 

p^H 

hh 

■ 

^     ^  -'^^S 

IHI^I 

K 

Illinois,  and  the  wires  were  coated  with  ice  in  some  cases  2  in. 
thick,  to  say  nothing  of  branches  of  trees.  Jnst  before  Easter 
many  of  the  lines  that  had  been  put  right  went  down  again,  as  the 
figures  show.  The  lower  view  is  of  a  "  tangle  of  toll  lines, 
trolley  wires  and  electric  light  wires  "  in  Chicago  ;  the  other 
illustrates  the  fantastic  positions  that  may  be  assumed  by  broken 
poles,  of  which  our  contemporary  gives  many  esamples. 

the  JEleclrical  ir<(W<f  states  that  owing  to  the  Ohio  and  Indiana 
floods  about  100  miles  of  cable.  300  miles  of  wire  and  2,t00  men 
were  used  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  in  making  tem- 
porary repairs.  It  is  estimated  that  the  damage  to  the  property  of 
the  Western  Union  Co.  will  amount  to  over  $;.'50,0o0. 


728 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,849,  May  2,  1913. 


Annual   Dinner. — BorRXEMOuxH. — Some   50    persons 

sat  down  at  the  Gervis  Hall  Restaurant,  Bonrnemouth,  on  Monday 
last  week,  at  the  stafif  dinner  of  the  Bonrnemouth  and  Poole  Electric 
Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  Mr.  A.  H.  Sanderson,  chairman  of  the  company, 
presided.  5Ir.  \V.  D.  Bri^htman,  secretary  of  the  company,  pro- 
posed "  The  Directors,"  and  the  chairman  replied.  The  dinner  was 
cooked  electrically,  and  Mr.  Sanderson  mentioned  in  the  course  of 
his  remarks  that  they  had  cooked  the  dinner  for  50  with  only  24 
units.  A  16  lb.  6  oz.  sirloin  of  beef  weighed  13  lb.  when  cooked, 
and  a  saddle  of  mutton  (14  lb.)  weighed  11  lb.  3  oz. — showing 
surprisingly  little  loss.  Dr.  Hosker,  a  director,  proposed  "The 
Staff,"  and  in  doing  so  said  that  the  joints  if  cooked  by  coal  or  gas 
would  have  lost  1  lb.  more  each,  or  speaking  of  cost,  Is.  per  joint. 
Mr.  E.  L.  Ingram,  the  chief  engineer,  replied.  He  said  that  electric 
heating  and  cooking  was  going  ahead  by  leaps  and  bounds,  and  like 
a  rolling  stone  it  was  gathering  force  as  it  went.  The  other  toasts 
were  "  The  Guests,"  replied  to  by  Mr.  Crosbie  (Ferranti,  Ltd.),  and 
the  chairman. 

Kew  Electric  Restaurant.  —  On  Wednesday  evening 
last,  the  Brompton  and  Kensington  Electricity  Supply  Co.  held  a 
dinner  at  its  new  electric  restaurant  at  254,  Earl's  Court  Road, 
S.W.,  to  celebrate  the  inauguration  of  the  latter.  About  30  guests 
took  part  in  the  proceedings,  which  included  the  inspection  of  the 
equipment,  which  is  designed  to  cook  for  from  150  to  200  diners  at 
a  time. 

Club  Concert. — The  second  annual  Bohemian  concert 
of  the  G.E.C.  Athletic  Club  will  be  held  to-morrow  (Saturday) 
evening,  at  7.30  p.m.,  at  the  Talbot  Restaurant,  London  Wall. 
During  the  evening  the  Davis  Challenge  Cup,  which  has  been  won 
by  the  G.E.C.  football  club,  will  be  presented. 

Institution  and  Lecture  Xotes.— London  Association 

OF  Foremen  Engikeers.— On  Saturday  the  Association  held 
their  sixtieth  anniversary  banquet  at  the  Cannon  Street  Hotel. 
The  company  present  numbered  close  upon  300,  and  among  those 
supporting  the  Chairman,  Mr.  Alfred  Herbert,  were  Sir  H.  F. 
Donaldson,  Rt.  Hon.  C.  Scott  Dickson,  Sir  R.  A.  Hadfield,  Prof.  J.  D. 
Cormack,  and  delegates  from  kindred  associations  in  Leeds, 
Middlesbrough.  Newcastle,  Woolwich,  Birmingham  and  Glasgow. 

After  the  loyal  toasts  had  been  honoured,  the  Chairman,  in  pro- 
posing that  of  "  Prosperity  to  the  Association,"  remarked  that  it 
offered  a  great  many  advantages  ;  the  first  of  its  objects  was 
philanthropy  ;  next,  education  by  means  of  papers,  discussions  and 
visits  ;  thirdly,  the  bringing  together  of  men  in  fellowship  and 
freedom  of  speech,  and  giving  one  the  opportunity  of  learning 
another  man's  point  of  view. 

Mr.  J.  Harrington,  secretary,  in  responding  to  the  toast,  said 
they  prided  themselves  on  the  fact  that  every  member  was  a  picked 
man  :  they  had  a  splendid  organisation,  the  resources  of  which 
were  entirely  at  the  disposal  of  engineering  employers,  for  whose 
help  they  were  deeply  grateful.  A  list  of  donations  to  the  super- 
annuation fund,  amounting  to  over  one  hundred  pounds,  was  read. 

Mr.  Eggleston,  President  of  the  Association,  in  proposing  the 
toast  of  "The  Chairman,"  mentioned  that  20  years  ago  the  firm  of 
which  the  chairman  was  the  head  employed  only  20  men — now  it 
numbered  considerably  over  2,000. 

The  toast  of  "The  President"  brought  a  very  successful  evening 
to  a  close. 

Association  of  Mining  Electrical  Engineers.— The  last 
meeting  of  the  Yorkshire  Branch. was  held  at  Sheffield  on  Saturday 
last.  A  paper  on  "Cable  Jointing  and  Junction  Boxes,  &c.'' by 
Mr.  C.  Jones,  was  read.  The  paper  stated  that  cable  manufacture 
had  been  brought  to  a  great  pitch  of  perfection,  and  faults  with 
the  cables  owing  to  inherent  defects  were  few.  A  successful  cable 
system  depended  upon  the  quality  of  the  cable  joints  and  the 
manner  in  which  the  cable  ends  terminated  and  were  sealed.  The 
following  were  elected  to  office  for  the  ensuing  year  :  President, 
Mr.  H.  H.  .Jenkins  (Sheffield)  ;  vice-presidents,  ^lessrs.  F.  E.  Arm- 
strong (Sheffield),  D.  Bowen  (Leeds)  and  W.  Maurice  (Sheffield)  ; 
secretary,  .Air.  J.  A.  McLay  (Leeds). 

The  monthly  meeting  of  the  East  of  Scotland  Branch  was 
held  on  Friday  last  at  Dunfermline.  Mr.  J.  McCann,  Carronhall 
Colliery,  submitted  a  paper  on  "  The  Installation  and  Manipulation 
of  Coal  Cutters." 

On  April  12th  Mr.  H.  Painter,  B.Sc,  F.C.S.,  lectured  before  the 
Bocrnemodth  Natural  Science  Society  on  "The  Life  and 
Work  of  Lord  Kelvin." 

The   B.E..4,M..\. — We  are  informed  that  the  following 
firms  have  recently  become  members  of  the  Association  : — 
Alley  &  MacLellan,  Ltd. 
Peter  Brotherhood,  Ltd. 
Dowsing  Radiant  Heat  Co.,  Ltd. 
Electrical  Apparatus  Co.,  Ltd. 
George  Ellison. 
J.  H.  Holmes  A:  Co. 
Premier  Accumulator  Co.,  Ltd. 
Wandsworth  Electrical  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd. 
Whipp  &  Bourne. 

The  firm  of  Jaeger  Brothers  haa  become  an  associate  member. 

Villaffe  liiKhtinilf. — A  correspondent  informs  us  that  in 
a  Yorkshire  village  some  of  the  residents  have  been  experimenting 
with  low-voltage  electric  lamps  fed  from  Leclanchc  cells,  with 
which  5  or  f'>  o.i'.  can  be  obtained — not  a  bad  substitute  for  a  small 
oil  lamp  in  a  small  room.  The  eagerness  of  the  people  to  get  rid 
of  the  nuisance  of  oil  lamps  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that 
one  of  them  said  he  would  willingly  spend  £2G  to  obtain  electric 
light.    It  may  be  tbftt,  with  met^Uic-filameiit  lamps,  elpotric  lig^htin^ 


with  primary  batteries  in  a  small  way  can  be  accomplished  with- 
out inordinate  expense,  although  the  Leclanche  battery  is  not 
suitable  for  the  purpose  ;  but  it  will  only  mean  exchanging  one 
mess  for  another.  The  incident,  however,  emphasises  the  fact — 
which  has  been  well  shown  in  our  columns — that  there  is  a  real 
demand  for  electric  light  in  villages. 

Appointments  Vacant. — The  L.C.C.  Highways  ConT 

mittee  proposes  to  appoint  a  superintendent  of  the  central  ca^ 
repair  depot  of  the  tramway  department  on  the  permanent  staff  a 
£300  per  annum.  The  present  superintendent,  a  member  of  the 
temporary  staff,  has  resigned.  Assistant  electrical  engineer  (first 
grade)  for  the  Electric  Light  Department,  Lagos,  Southern 
Nigeria  (£350) ;  assistant  mains  engineer,  for  the  Dover  Corpora- 
tion (£100).    See  our  advertisement  pages  la  this  issue. 

A  Lar^e  Order  for  Electrical  Motor  Vehicles. — The 

General  Electric  Co.,  of  Schenectady,  U  S.A.,  has  secured  an  order  for 
29  commercial  electric  motor  vehicles  from  the  New  York  Railways 
Co.    The  machines  range  in  capacity  from  10  cwt.  to  5  tons. 

Inquiries. — The  makers  of  the  Britelite  lamp,  and  also 
of  corrugated  steel  transformer  cases,  electrically  welded,  are 
asked  for. 

Fatalities. — Hebburn, — The  inquiry  into  the  explosion 
at  Hebburn-on-Tyne  on  March  30th,  by  which  Annie  Gray,  60, 
and  George  Alexander  Collinson,  43,  were  killed  in  a  house  in 
Lyon  Street,  was  resumed  by  Deputy-Coroner  R.  A.  Shepherd,  on 
April  24th.  The  inciuest  had  been  adjourned  to  permit  of  an 
investigation  of  the  condition  of  the  electric  cable  which  had  been 
laid  in  front  of  the  house,  and  a  section  of  the  cable,  lying  in  a 
charred  wooden  trough,  was  placed  before  the  jury. 

W.  T.  Newlands,  agent  for  the  owner  of  the  house,  stated  that 
immediately  after  the  explosion  he  went  to  the  house,  and  noticed 
a  blue  flame  burning  underneath  the  window.  He  endeavoured  to 
extinguish  it  by  means  of  water,  but  could  not,  but  succeeded  by 
putting  wet  lime  on  it.  On  the  same  afternoon  he  saw  a  man 
employed  by  the  Northern  Counties  Electricity  Supply  Co.  trying 
to  light  lamps  in  the  neighbourhood,  but  they  would  not  light. 
On  the  following  morning  he  returned  to  the  house  and  experienced 
a  smell  as  of  burnt  india-rubber  and  pitch.  This  he  smelt  again, 
but  more  strongly,  when  the  cable  was  taken  out. 

H.  Paterson,  surveyor  to  the  Hebburn  Urban  Council,  said  that 
as  the  wrecked  houses  were  dangerous,  he  ordered  them  to  be  pulled 
down.  When  he  saw  the  result  of  the  explosion  he  concluded  that 
it  had  been  underneath  the  ground  floor.  He  could  find  no  trace 
of  coal  gas,  but  he  found  a  smell  that  he  recognised  when  the 
cable  was  taken  out.  When  the  cable  was  exposed  it  was  found  to 
have  been  fused,  and  part  of  the  cable  was  burned  out  ;  the  wooden 
trough  was  charred. 

W.  Bates,  an  electrical  engineer  of  Ashington,  who  was  employed 
by  the  Northern  Counties  Co.  when  the  cables  were  laid  in  1902, 
said  the  contract  was  carried  out  by  Callender's  Cable  Co.  The 
cables  were  generally  laid  near  the  house  walls.  In  answer  to  the 
Deputy  Coroner,  witness  said  he  thought  when  the  cables  were  laid, 
and  before  they  were  completely  covered  with  bitumen,  they  were 
strained  so  that  one  lay  on  top  of  the  other,  instead  of  side  by  side, 
and  they  were  consequently  too  near  the  surface. 

C.  Vernier,  mains  engineer  of  the  Newcastle-on-Tyne  Electric 
Supply  Co.,  said  he  had  carried  out  work  valued  at  over  a  million 
pounds,  and  had  had  13  years'  experience  of  cable  laying.  The 
negative  cable  in  question  had  fused  for  about  6  ft.,  and  the  neutral 
cat)le  for  a  small  space.  The  cable  had  probably  been  pulled  tight 
enough  to  bear  on  the  sharp  edge  of  the  mitred  joint  in 
the  troughing.  In  an  examination  of  the  cable  in  question, 
he  saw  indications  of  the  bitumen  being  charred  at  a  very  high  • 
temperature.  He  did  not  think  that  the  bitumen  gas  given  off 
would  cause  an  explosion  merely  through  contact  with  the  air.  It 
was  somewhat  difficult  to  account  for  the  igniting  of  the  gas.  It 
could  hardly  have  been  fired  by  the  arc,  because,  in  that  event,  the 
explosion  would  have  occurred  outside  the  house  too.  It  wag 
possible,  as  an  explanation,  that  the  fumes  given  off  by  the  burninjf 
bitumen  would,  in  the  very  high  temperature  that  would  be  set  up, 
ignite  and  cause  the  explosion.  He  would  be  surprised  to  know 
that  the  quantity  of  bitumen  charred  would  give  off  sufficient  gas 
to  cause  so  violent  an  explosion.  The  copper  had  been  vaporised, 
and  very  little  could  be  found.  From  the  facts  before  him,  he 
could  not  find  any  explanation  but  that  the  explosion  was  due  to 
the  fusion  of  the  cable.  In  reply  to  questions,  witness  said  that,  if 
the  cables  had  been  laid  in  the  middle  of  the  road,  there  would  not 
have  been  the  same  likelihood  of  an  explosion,  but  similar  explo- 
sions might  occur  where  they  had  the  same  chain  of  circum- 
stances.  The  company  were  considering  the  question  of  the  position 
of  the  cables. 

The  jury  returned  a  verdict  that  the  deceased  met  their  deaths 
as  the  result  of  injuries  received  in  an  explosion  of  bitumen  gas 
generated  by  the  fusing  of  an  electric  cable. 

The  force  of  the  explosion  was  so  great,  that  Mrs.  Gray  and 
Collinson  were  blown  through  the  ceiling  of  the  latter's  house  into 
the  house  above. 

Association  of  Electrical   Station   Eni^ineers. — An 

open  general  meeting  was  held  at  Salisbury  House,  London,  E.G., 
on  April  24th,  to  receive  the  hon.  secretary's  report  of  progrfss 
and  for  organising  purposes.    About  80  gentlemen  attended. 

The  chairman  (Mr.  Chas.  F.  Wade)  opened  the  meeting  with  a 
short  statement  of  the  aims  and  objects  of  the  A.E.S.E.  for  the 
benefit  of  those  who  had  not  attended  previous  meetings.  The  hon. 
secretary  (5Ir.  W.  J.  Ebben)  then  gave  an  account  of  the  history  of 
the  Association  from  its  inauguration  in  the  columns  of  the  Elec- 
tricalReview  to  the  present  date.  He  stated  that  ftltbougrh  the  Agso- 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,Hi;),  May  2,  l!ti:i. 


TITF.    KLECTRrCAF.    RKVIKW. 


729 


elation  wnnoiilv  formcil  in  liondon  diirimr  .laniiiiry  thin  year,  already 
HiKHxwHful  branclicK  hiui  bt'tni  fortiiod  at  Dulilin,  MniichcHter,  Hrnd- 
ford,  Crimnby,  llirniii)i,'hati),  Liverpool  and  (ilaHtrow,  and  thciro  woh 
every  proupcot  of  o  braiidh  bcini;  formed  at  Miildlcubrouirh  during' 
tho  comiiitr  month.  HranchrH  had  not  y<it  bcon  formed  for  tho 
Newcantle-onTyno  and  South  Wales  diHtrictH,  althotii,'h  there  were 
onouprh  raemborH  in  thcHo  diBtriotH  to  form  HucocHHfiil  branchec,  as 
up  to  tho  proHont  no  one  had  boon  found  williniir  to  undertake  the 
pOHitiou  of  local  secretary.  Some  didiculty  had  been  experienced 
owing:  to  electrical  Btations  beinpr  so  Boattercd,  but  it  waB 
pleanini;  to  note,  though  enjjineerB  of  a  irood  number  of 
outlyinjr  Btations  could  not  attend  uieetinpH  at  the  various 
ccntrca  they  were  quite  willini?  to  join  tho  AsHOuiation,  and  in  the 
majority  of  caHes  the  whole  of  tho  technical  staff  had  made  applica- 
tion for  membership.  All  applications  for  membership  were  beini? 
dealt  with  as  ()uickly  as  possible,  in  the  first  place  by  local  com- 
mittees and  finally  by  tho  London  Committee.  lie  also  stated  that 
a  aub-committce  had  been  appointed  to  make  a  rou(jh  draft  of  rules, 
&c.,  which  were  to  bo  submitted  to  the  branches  for  approval  and 
finally  ratified  at  a  conference  of  deletjates  repreeentinK-  the  whole 
of  tho  Unite<l  Kingdom.  This  conference  was  to  meet  as  soon  as 
practicable. 

After  a  short  discucsion  on  the  secretary's  report,  the  question  of 
a  decided  policy  for  the  Association,  to  be  embodied  in  the  rules, 
was  raised,  which  produced  a  very  lively  and  lengthy  discussion, 
and  it  was  resolved  that,  owing  to  the  importance  of  this  question, 
it  should  be  further  discussed  at  the  next  general  meeting.  All 
those  present  who  were  not  already  members  put  down  their  names 
as  prospective  members,  and  from  statements  made  by  several  gentle- 
men present,  a  great  influx  of  members  is  to  be  expected  at  once  in 
the  London  Section. 

A  vote  of  thanks  was  given  to  the  hen.  secretary  for  his  "spade 
work  "  on  behalf  of  the  A.E.S.E.,  and  Mr.  Ebben,  in  reply,  stated 
that  he  hoped  all  present  would  endeavour  to  obtain  members,  as 
numerical  strength  was  of  the  utmost  importance.  The  next  open 
general  meeting  was  arranged  for  Thursday,  May  22nd,  at  the  same 
time  and  place  as  above. 

A  meeting  was  held  at  the  Y.M.C.A.,  Glasgow,  on  April  23rd,  to 
continue  the  organisation  of  the  Glasgow  and  West  of  Scotland 
Branch.  The  routine  business  of  the  Branch  having  been  trans- 
acted, future  arrangements  were  dif  cussed,  and  it  was  resolved 
that  another  meeting  be  called  as  soon  as  the  date  of  the  London 
Conference  is  fixed,  when  representatives  will  be  appointed  to 
attend.  It  was  also  resolved  that  all  other  meetings  should  be  of 
a  social  character.  Mr.  A.  W.  Lamont,  .52,  Quarry  Street,  Hamilton, 
is  the  hon.  sec.  for  the  Glasgow  Branch. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

Ih«  Editors  invite  electrical  engiiwers,  whether  connected  with  the 
technical  or  the  commercial  side  of  the  profession  and  industry, 
also  electric  tramway  and  railway  officials,  to  keep  readers  of  the 
Electrical  Review  -posted  as  to  their  movements.] 


Central  Station  Officials. — The  Birkenhead  Corpora- 
tion Electricity  Committee  has  resolved  to  recommend  the  appoint- 
ment of  Mb.  G.  p.  Shallcross  as  electrical  engineer  at  a  salary 
of  £400  per  annum,  in  succession  to  Mr.  Wm.  Wyld. 

In  consequence  of  his  lappointment  as  city  electrical  engineer  at 
Carlisle,  Me.  F.  W.  Pukse  has  handed  in  his  resignation  as  chief 
electrical  engineer  to  the  Watford  undertaking,  and  it  will  take 
effect  as  from  Alay  3l8t.  To  fill  his  place,  the  Committee  has 
appointed  Mb.  A.  W.  Barham,  at  present  chief  assistant,  at  £250 
per  annum.  Mr.  Barham  has  been  granted  the  same  privileges  as 
were  allowed  to  Mr.  Purse  in  connection  with  pupils  and  free 
supply  of  electricity.  Applications  are  invited  to  fill  the  position 
of  chief  assistant. 

Mr.  H.  F.  Street,  general  manager  of  the  tramways  under- 
taking at  Southampton,  has  resigned  this  position  owing  to  the 
enormous  increase  in  his  dual  work,  and  he  is  from  October  1st 
next  to  devote  the  whole  of  his  time  to  the  electricity  undertaking, 
his  salary  to  remain  at  .£600  a  year. 

Mr.  W.  T.  Green  has  been  recommended  for  appointment  to 
the  position  of  assistant  manager  of  the  Leeds  electrical  depart- 
ment in  succession  to  Mr.  Chas.  N.  Hefford,  who  has  been  appointed 
manager.  Mr.  Green  has  been  chief  clerk  of  the  department. 
The  salary  connected  with  this  position  is  £450. 

Mr.  Hugh  H.  McLeod,  engineer  to  the  Mountain  Ash  Electricity 
Works,  has  resigned. 

The  Whitby  U.D.C.  Electricity  Committee  has  recommended  the 
appointment  of  Mb.  J.  W.  Piggott  to  take  charge  of  the  Electri- 
city Works.  Mr.  Piggott  is  at  present  the  mains  superintendent, 
and  his  promotion  is  consequent  on  the  resignation  of  Mr.  L.  H. 
King  from  the  position  of  manager. 

Mr.  Fr.\nk  Timms,  late  of  Messrs.  Armstrong,  Whitworth  and 
( 'o.,  Ltd.,  has  been  appointed  to  the  position  of  installation  engineer 
and  canvasser,  under  the  Tynemouth  Corporation  Electricity 
Department. 

]\[r.  C.  A.  NiCKSON,  of  Manchester,  has  been  appointed  clerk  of 
works  in  connection  with  the  proposed  new  generating  station  at 
Bolton. 

The  Nelson  Corporation  has  appointed  Mb.  G.  F.  Taylor  as 
electrical  engineer  and  tramways  manager,  in  succession  to  the  late 
Mr.  Dacre  Helme.  Mr.  Taylor,  who  went  to  Nelson  in  1901,  was 
assistant  to  Mr.  Helme. 

Tramway  Officials. — The  members  of  the  electrical  and 
tramways  department,  East  London,  South  Africa,  met  in  the  Club 
Room  on  the  evening  of  March  gStlj,  to  wish  farewell  to  ^R 


II.  I).  I)i )(,(; I, AM,  rolling  htock  ond  iMirmdiieiil  wuy  Buperlnt«ndent,  on 
hiH  h'aving  tho  department  for  Melbourne,  AuHtralia.  Mr.  i,  Mordy 
Lambe,  town  electrical  i^nifineer  and  tramwajH  manager,  pr<Mif)iyl. 
Mr.  liBnibo  referred  to  the  work  of  .Mr.  DougloM,  e(i(K-<.ially  the 
laying  of  new  tramway  troikH.  Hnntotc«l  that  Mr.  DouifUi  wanthe 
first  to  build  a  tramcar  in  South  Africa.  On  Ixihalf  of  the  <^;m- 
bined  department,  Mr.  FiBiiibe  itroHcnUMl  .Mr,  I^ougln*  with  a  gold 
albert  and  a  m<rdallion  Huitably  inhcrilx^d.  Before  the  conc^frt  the 
KafDr  boys  of  the  car-Hhcd  preitented  Mr.  Douglan  with  •  mlver- 
mounted  pipe, 

Tho  (ilasgow  T.C.  at  its  next  meeting  in  to  be  anked  to  approre 
of  the  following  increaHca  of  Halariex  of  head  otlicialu  In  the  tram- 
ways department :-- Mil,  ,Ia.\tkh  Dalbymim:,  general  manager, 
£1,000  to  £1,250;  Mu,  L.  Mackkn.vo.s,  trallic  inperint«ndent, 
£000  to  £()25  ;  Mit.  .John  Kkh'iiso.n,  chiof  engineer,  £000  to 
£(525;  Mr.  E.  T.  Gohmn,  electrical  engineer,  £.".'.0  to  £600;  and 
Mk,  J.  K.  WlI.sON,  secretary  and  treasurer,  £400  to  £4.''<0. 

Mr.  H.  B.  Hauuih,  engineer  in  the  Croydon  Corporation  tram- 
ways department,  has  resigned. 

Mh.  .1.  Fkkderk:  JoNKH,  MI.EE.,  joint  manager  of  the  Mwlraa 
electric  tramways,  has  been  granted  six  months'  leave  of  absence, 
and  expects  to  arrive  in  London  abont  May  2<',th. 

General. — Mk.  (Jko.  1}.  CRrcKATX  and  Mil.  fi.  If.  M. 
FowLEB  have  left  the  Reason  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  of 
Brighton,  with  whom  they  have  been  associated  for  many  years  in 
the  respective  capacities  of  sales  manager  and  works  manager. 

Mr.  Claude  W.  Hill  has  removed  to  St.  Augustine's  Mansions, 
■Vincent  Square,  Westminster,  S.W. 

It  is  announced  that  the  Right  Hon.  C.  B.  Stuabt  Wobtley, 
K.C.,  M.P.,  has  been  appointed  chairman  of  the  board  of  the  London 
and  Suburban  Traction  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  Tinici  contains  the  following  announcement: — "The 
marriage  arranged  .between  Gundred  Eleanor,  only  dangher  of 
Alexander  Pelham  Trotter,  and  Horace  Courthope  Beck, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  .Toseph  Beck,  will  take  place  on  Friday, 
May  30th." 

At  Addifcombe,  Cheshire,  en  April  2l8t,  the  marriage  took  place 
of  Me.  Lees  Calveet,  A.M.I.E.E  ,  and  Miss  Grace  L.  Heather, 
youngest  daughter  of  Mr.  Henry  Heather,  of  Reigate. 

Mb.  Robert  Mau  le  is  retiring  from  the  directorate  of  the 
Edinburgh  and  District  Tramway  Co  ,  after  serving  over  10  years. 

Obituary. — Francis  B.  Badt. — We  regret  to  learn  from 
the  pages  of  the  American  Electrical  Jlerlrw  that  Mr.  F.  B,  Badt 
died  at  Chicago  on  April  12th.  Mr.  Badt  went  to  America  in  1881 
— ten  years  previously  he  served  in  the  Franco- Prussian  War,  and 
was  decorated  by  the  Emperor.  His  career  in  the  States  began 
with  the  U.S.  Electric  Lighting  Co.  of  New  York,  and  later  he 
entered  the  service  of  the  Western  Electric  Co.,  the  United  Edison 
Manufacturing  Co.,  the  Thomson-Houston  Co.  and  the  General 
Electric  Co.,  and  in  1894  he  took  up  the  post  of  general  manager  of 
the  Siemens  &  Halske  Electric  Co.  of  America.  Three  years  later 
he  started  an  engineering  business  of  his  own.  An  inventor  of 
many  devices,  and  an  expert  in  patent  cases,  he  was  also  a  frequent 
writer  for  the  technical  Press  and  the  author  of  a  series  of  hand- 
books, some  of  which  had  a  considerable  sale  on  this  side  of  the 
Atlantic.  Mr.  Badt  was  64  years  of  age.  The  editors  of  this 
journal  keenly  feel  the  loss  of  one  whom  they  were  privileged  to 
count  among  their  personal  friends. 

Mb.  Julius  Zi.mmebmann.— The  death  took  place,  under  tragic 
circumstances,  on  Thursday,  April  24th,  of  Mr.  Julius  Zimmermann, 
for  20  years  director  of  G.  Straus  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  211,  Upper 
Thames  Street,  E.G.  The  business  is  being  carried  on  as  heretofore 
under  the  sole  management  of  Mr.  Charles  Frank,  who,  since  the 
start  of  the  company,  has  had  the  charge  of  the  electrical  depart- 
ment. 

Mb.  W.  S.  Leece.— The  death  took  place  on  April  24th,  of  Mr. 
Wm.  Samuel  Leece,  traflBc  manager  of  the  tramways  at  Douglas, 
Isle  of  Man.    He  was  44  years  of  age. 

Mr.  A.  Danson. — The  death  is  announced  of  Mr.  Alfred  Danson, 
who  had  for  some  time  held  a  responsible  position  in  the  Birken- 
head Corporation  Electricity  Department. 

Mr.  John  Trotter. — We  regret  to  record  the  death,  at  the  age 
of  59  years,  of  Mr.  John  Trotter,  who  had  been  chairman  of 
Crompton  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  good  many  years.  The  deceased 
gentleman  was  a  deputy  governor  of  the  Union  of  London  and 
Smiths  Bank. 

Mr.  T.  James. — The  death  occurred  last  week  of  Mr.  Thos. 
James,  who  had  for  some  years  been  in  business  as  an  electrician 
in  Oak  Street,  Llangollen.     He  was  only  35  years  of  age. 

The  friends  of  Mr.  W.  Everett  Giuson  (of  Dick,  Kerr  &  Co  ,  Ltd.) 
will  regret  to  learn  that  his  wife  passed  away  on  April  26th.  Mr. 
Gibson  may  be  assured  of  their  and  our  sincere  sympathy  in  his 
bereavement, 


CITY    NOTES. 


Calcutta  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  ordinary  general  meeting  of  the  shareholders  of  the  above 
company  was  held  on  Thursday  last  week  at  1,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.G.,  Mr.  E.  C.  Jlorgan  presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Elec- 
trical Review,  page  695),  said  that  referring  first  to  the  capital 
account  they  would  see  that  there  had  been  added  the  sum  of  £66 
for  ground,  representing  the  deposit  paid  on  the  purchase  of  a 
small  freehold  plot  of  land  at  Shambazar.  for  the  purpose  of  pror 
vidinjr  a  turning    loop  to  ft^cilitate  working,  and  £3,719,  the  cost 


730 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,849,  Mat  2,  1913. 


of  a  new  hijjh -tension  cable,  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  increasing 
traffic.  Tho?e  two  items,  ag-^^reeratin^  £3,7S5,  bronpht  np  the  amount 
over-spent  on  this  account  to  £41,398.  With  reeard  to  the  revenue, 
another  record  had  been  made  in  traflSc  receipta,  the  increase  over  last 
year  amountinsr  to  nearly  £15,000.  Althongrh  the  Royal  visit  was 
responsible  for  some  of  this,  it  was  to  the  steady  growth  and  ex- 
pansion of  the  business,  followinpr  on  the  increasing  popularity  of 
the  service,  that  they  mainly  attributed  the  result.  The  largest 
propDrtion  of  the  aggregate  increase  in  expenditure  was  under  the 
power  expenses,  due  to  outlay  under  various  heads,  and  including 
the  cost  of  a  thorough  overhaul  of  the  whole  plant.  Included  also 
under  this  heading  was  the  cost  of  the  removal  from  Howrah,  and 
the  installation  at  Xonapx)kur,  of  their  largest  Diesel  engine, 
which  was  not  required  at  Howrah,  and  which  was  of  considerable 
service  to  them  in  reinforcing  their  Calcutta  plant.  In  addition 
to  the  amount  expended  in  thoroughly  overhauling  the  power 
house  plant,  the  whole  of  which  had  bc^n  charged  against  revenue, 
certain  expenditure  had  been  incurred  in  additional  plant  for  the 
purpose  of  adding  to  the  general  efficiency  of  the  plant  as  a  whole. 
This  additional  cost  had  been  written  off  against  the  reserve 
account,  to  strengthen  which  an  extra  £5,000  had  been  set  aside 
this  year,  making  the  total  contribution  £1.5,000.  One  of  the 
beneficial  effects  of  this  expenditure  would  be  seen  in  the  substantial 
decrease  in  the  fuel  costs.  The  small  increase  in  traffic  expenses 
was,  of  course,  owing  to  the  increased  mileage  run,  whilst  the 
increase  under  maintenance  and  repairs  was  principally  due  to  the 
provision  of  a  new  cross-over  road,  in  the  erection  of  a  public 
shelter  at  esplanade,  store  buildings,  ice,  and  of  additional  flat 
wagons,  and  a  motor-car.  The  result,  after  debiting  fixed  charges, 
■was  an  available  balance  of  £.54,02S,  which  the  directors  were 
proposing  to  deal  with,  bv  th-"  payment  of  a  final  dividend  at  the 
rate  of  10  per  cent,  per  annum,  making  7J  per  cent,  for  the  year, 
placing  £1.5,000  to  reserve,  and  carrying  forward  £4,026.  The 
Calcutta  Improvement  Trust  was  still  considering  various 
schemes  for  the  general  improvement  of  the  city,  but  they  under- 
stood that  no  definite  work  had  yet  been  decided  upon. 
The  directors,  at  the  request  of  the  staff,  had  agreed  to  the 
establishment  of  a  provident  fund  upon  the  basis  of  the  company 
contributing  an  amount  in  proportion  to  the  contributions  of  the 
employe".  ■  The  directors  felt  sure  that  the  shareholders  would 
agree  with  them  in  thus  bearing  testimony  in  a  tangible  form  to 
the  good  work  of  their  very  able  managers  and  staff,  which  had 
produced  such  excellent  results  and  conduced  to  the  friendly  rela- 
tions which  now  existed  batween  themselves  and  the  Calcutta 
authorities.  With  the  system  in  first  class  order,  and  a  capable 
organisation  maintaining  a  thoroughly  efficient  service,  they  looked 
forward  with  every  confidence  to  the  continued  prosperity  of  the 
company. 

Sir  Henry  Kimiseii  Bt.,  M.P.,  seconded  the  motion. 

Replying  to  a  Shareholder,  the  Chaiu.man  said  he  was  not  a 
prophet,  and  he  could  not  say  whether  the  increased  dividend 
would  be  permanently  paid.  He  conld  say,  however,  that  the  line 
was  steadily  progressing,  and  that  last  year's  results  were  not  of 
the  nature  of  a  "  spurt."' 

The  report  was  adopted. 


January  29th,  1912,  cash         

July  29th.  1912,  3  per  cent.  Elxchequer  bonds 
February  7th,  1913  „ 


£3,000,000 
4,000,000 
3,000,000 

£10,000,000 


IVational  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.  (in  liquidation). 

The  report  of  the  Liquidator  to  the  shareholders  of  his  acts  and 
dealings,  and  of  the  conduct  of  the  winding-up,  for  the  period 
from  January  2r>th,  1912,  to  January  2.")th,  1913,  states  that  the 
winding-up  resolution  became  effective  on  January  25th.  1912.  At 
midnight  on  December  Slst,  191 1,  the  property,  ic.  of  the  company 
sold  to  the  Postmaster-General  had  been  handed  over  to  him,  upon 
terms  providing  (intrr  alio)  for  payment  of  interest  on  the  amount 
of  purcha^  money  from  time  to  time  unpaid  at  the  rate  of  3  per 
cent,  per  annum,  until  June  30th,  1912,  and  thereafter  at  the  rate 
of  5  per  cent,  per  annum.  The  most  important  work  in  the  liqui- 
dation has  been  the  preparation  of  the  company's  claim  against 
the  Postmaster-General,  and  its  proper  presentation  before  the 
Railway  and  Canal  Commission.  Oa  February  9th,  1912,  the  com- 
pany made  formal  application  to  the  Court  to  settle  and  determine 
the  amount  of  the  purchase  money.  Oa  June  10th,  1912.  the  hear- 
ing commenced,  and  it  continued  for  72  days,  concluding  on 
December  12th,  1912. 

It  was  a?rced  that  in  the  first  instance  the  evidence  should  be  directed 
solely  to  the  value  of  the  company's  plant,  which  formed  the  chief  part  of  the 
items  rornnosing  the  claim.  During  the  progresB  of  the  case,  and  in  responte 
to  intimations  from  the  Court,  it  became  necessary  to  endeavour  to  agren  ;  — 

(i)  The  h»si8  costs  of  the  labour,  material  and  freight  in  respect  of  plant, 
without  regard  to  other  necessary  charees  more  or  less  foanded  upon  them. 
These  costs  were  ultimately  agreed  at  £10,389,345, 

(6)  The  value  to  be  allowed  for  lands  and  huildinrs  and  all  otlicritem6  le.vcept 
plant)  included  in  the  claim.     Thi?  was  agreed  at  i; 2,055, *f)«. 

There  was  tlirn  left  to  the  Commission  to  determine  what  were  the  proper 
additional  charges  to  he  all-»we^  to  the  company  incident  to  the  construction 
of  itj  plant,  and  wlut  snni  'hould  be  deducted  for  depreciation. 

On  .Tannary  13th,  1913.  th"  majority  of  the  Commissioners  awarded  the  com- 
pany the  net  snm  of  £19,.'>15  2fil  and  C03t3.  One  nf  the  Cfinimissioners  was  of 
npinion  that  tins  sum  sh  iuld  be  redu'^ed  by  £247,1^9,  the  amount  allowed  by 
his  colletgncs  fir  the  cost  of  raising  capital. 

On  February  3rd,  1913,  the  Postmaster  ficneral  gave  notice  of  his  intention 
to  app  3al  against  so  much  of  tJie  judgment  of  the  Commission  as  awarded  to 
the  company  i'2l7.1ll!3  for  tl<^  cost  of  raising  capital  and  £150.000  for  the  cost 
nf  obtaiaing  snbscrib«^rs'  agreem«'n'.«.  A  cross  notice  of  >ppeal  by  the  company 
has  since  been  gervcl  up^n  the  Postmaster-General.  Tlie  appeal  and  cross 
appeal  have  not  vet  b<^en  h'.ard,  and  await  ihe  decision  of  the  House  of  lords 
upon  a  prelimiDary  question  raited  by  the  company  whether  or  not  the  judg- 
ment is  subject  to  api>eal. 

Of  the  total  amount  awarded,  vi?..,  £  12,515,204,  the  following 
payments  have  been  made  by  the  Postmaster- General,  together 
with  certain  sums  repreeenting  interest : — 


Leaving  a  balance  of  ..  ...        £2,5l5,2fi4 

From  the  payments  received  from  the  Postmaster-General,  and 
from  the  company's  assets,  the  liquidator  has  been  enabled  to  pay 
off  the  amounts  due  to  the  holders  of  debenture  stocks  and  the 
nominal  amounts  of  the  capital  to  the  holders  of  the  first,  second 
and  third  preference  shares.  There  has  also  been  paid  the  nominal 
amount  of  the  capital  to  the  holders  of  the  preferred  stock, 
together  with  a  premiun  of  5  per  cent,  payable  under  the  special 
resolutions  creating  such  stock.  ,Vs  against  the  balance  of 
£2,515,264  still  unpaid,  the  Postmaster-General  claims  to  be  en- 
titled to  set  off  the  rentals  for  unexpired  terms  and  other  sums 
due  from  the  company,  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  a  sum  of 
upwards  of  <;  1,700,000.  Cross  accounts  between  the  Postmaster- 
General  and  the  company  are  now  the  subject  of  careful  investiga- 
tion. A  number  of  statements  are  annexed  to  the  liquidator's 
report,  one  of  these  (/)  the  statement  of  affairs  as  at  January  25th, 
1913,  being  given  below;  — 

Statement   ok  Afkaibs,  January  25th,  1913. 


Liabilities. 

Sundry  creditors,  including  Postmaster-General... 
Provision   for   loss  on  realisation  of  Exchequer 

bonds       ...         ...         ...         ...         

Deferred  stock  ...         

Estimated  surplus — 

As  per  realieation  account 


Assets. 
Postmaster-General — 

Balance  of  purchase  money 
Postmaster-General — 

Estimated  balance  of  interest  on  purchase  money 
Estimated  value  of  other  assets 
Accrued  interest  on  bankers'  deposits 
Balances    at    bankers    to    meet    unpresented 

warrants 

Cash  in  hand  and  on  deposit  with  bankers 


£1,748,049 

350,00(1 
3,725,000 

137,470 

£5,960,519 


£6,615,264 

226,381 

2,000 

236 

8,709 
207,929 

i;5,9f)0,519 


In  order  to  determine  the  rights  of  the  various  classes  of  stock 
and  shareholders,  proceedings  have  been  taken  at  the  expense  of  the 
company  before  Mr.  Justice  Swinfen  Eady,  but  no  final  decision  has 
yet  been  given.  With  the  sanction  of  Mr.  Justice  Swinfen  Eady  a 
payment  to  holders  of  deferred  stock,  equal  to  los.  in  the  £  of  their 
respective  holdings,  has  been  made. 

No  provision  is  included  in  this  statement  of  affairs  for  further 
costs  incident  to  the  appeal,  for  other  proceedings  now  pending, 
and  for  the  winding-up  of  the  company,  but  it  is  anticipated  that 
these  will  be  met  by  the  taxed  costs  to  be  paid  by  the  Postmaster- 
General  under  the  order  of  the  Railway  and  Canal  Commission. 


Oldham.  Asliton  and  Hyde  Electric  Traniwajs,  Ltd. 

TiiE  annual  meeting  was  held  on  April  23rd,  at  Electrical  Federa- 
tion Offices,  Kingsway,  W.C,  Mr.  Emile  Garcke  presiding. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (sec  Elkctrical  Review, 
page  696).  the  Chairman  said  that  the  past  year  had  been  the  best 
that  the  company  had  ever  had.  The  traffic  receipts  which 
amounted  to  £33,375,  exceeded  those  of  1911  by  £1,900,  and  those 
of  1907,  which  was  the  best  previous  year  by  £«00.  Practically 
in  every  respect  the  position  showed  improvement.  The  number 
of  passengers  carried— six  million,  compared  with  5.700,000  ;  the 
average  receipts  per  passenger  were  r32d.,  as  against  r31d.  :  the 
average  expenditure  per  passenger  was  ■84d..  compared  with  "SSd., 
and  the  proportion  of  expenses  to  receipts  had  been  reduced  from 
tlT  per  cent,  to  63  per  cent.  The  cause  of  that  general  improve- 
ment was  the  prosperous  condition  of  the  various  trades  throughout 
the  district.  They  had  also  benefited  by  other  people's  misfortunes. 
The  curtailment  of  the  local  train  services  during  the  coal  strike 
caused  a  large  number  of  people  to  travel  by  the  tramways.  As  far 
as  it  was  possible  to  forecast  the  outlook  for  1913,  if  they  might 
take  the  opening  months  of  the  year  aB  a  criterion,  it  was  hopeful, 
and  they  looked  forward  to  at  least  as  good  results  as  for  1912. 
Out  of  the  larger  profit  they  had  placed  £4.000  to  provision  for 
renewals  account,  as  against  £2,000  last  year.  An  interesting 
feature  in  the  balance-sheet  was  the  fact  that  the  capital  sub- 
scribed, together  with  the  reserve  fund,  now  equalled  the  capital 
expenditure.  The  life  of  the  track,  in  the  opinion  of  the  company's 
engineer,  had  been  greatly  improved  and  lengthened  by  th?  work 
which  had  been  carried  out  by  means  of  the  Woods-Gilbert  rail 
planer,  ^y  the  use  of  that  apparatus  they  would  be  able  to  get 
several  years'  further  life  out  of  the  rails,  and  thus  postpone  capital 
expenditure  for  renewal, 

Mb.  J.  VixcE.VT  Kitcheneb  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report 
was  adopted. 

Ranoroon  Electric  Tramway  and  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.— 

For  1912,  a  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  is  to  be  paid  on  the  ordinary 
shares,  £751  beinjr  carried  forward. 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,849,  May  2,  1913. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


731 


IMmt   I  niteii  SUUes  Caiilc  Co.,  iJd. 

The  mcfltini;  of  thiH  oonipmiy  wbh  held  lit  Winchrdtcr  IIouhp,  E.G., 
on  Tuesday.  Mr.  C.  K.  Gunther  proHidwl,  iiiul  before  moving  the 
adoption  of  the  report,  he  alluded  in  Huitable  t«rmH  to  the  iiudtfen 
and  <|uit«  unexpected  drath  of  their  late  cbuirnian.  .Mr.  K.  M. 
Undcrdown.  Vp  to  the  end  Mr.  Underdown  w»h  fiitrnpi'd  upon  the 
affairB  of  the  company,  as  only  two  dayM  previoiittly  he.  had  accom- 
panied their  Bccretury  down  the  Thainrn  to  inMpcct  the  «hip  that 
was  leavini?  to  repair  their  main  cable.  IMb  death  came  an  a 
Kfreat  blow  to  hin  colleaffurH  on  the  board.  lie  waH  axHociated  with 
that  company  almost  from  its  inception.  Ho  joined  the  board  on 
the  reconstruction  of  the  company  in  1H77,  and  had  been 
chairman  sincn  ISyc.  Probably  there  was  no  man  who  had 
a  more  complete  knowledge  of  the  problcing  affectin);  the 
handling  and  working  of  cables  than  Mr.  Underdown  poesefsed, 
and  his  jfreat  experience  in  that  direction,  and  in  letral  and  com- 
mercial matters,  had  been  of  the  utmost  value  to  the  company  at 
all  times,  and  in  particular  was  it  of  the  greatest  assistance  when 
the  difficult  and  pro.traoted  negotiations  were  in  progress  with  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  two  years  ago,  which  resulted  in 
the  lease  that  was  now  in  existence.  He  went  on  to  express  sincere 
sympathy  with  the  family  in  their  great  bereavement. 

Continuing,  the  Chaikman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the 
report  (see  Elkctrical  Rkvikw,  page  ()'.I4),  said  that  dealing  first 
with  the  revenue  account,  they  would  see  that  they  had  received 
the  rent  provided  for  under  their  lea.se  with  the  Western  Union  Co. ; 
and,  in  addition,  they  received  income  from  their  investments 
amounting  to  iil9,453.  That  provided  for  a  dividend  at  the  rate 
of  4  per  cent,  for  the  year  and  writing  off  £10,000  as  a  further 
provision  on  account  of  market  depreciation  of  investments,  which 
had  been  rendered  necessary  on  account  of  the  great  fall  in  the 
prices  of  the  better  class  securities.  The  balance  of  revenue  -was 
transferred  to  the  reserve  fund  as  usual,  viz.,  £20,104.  They  might 
remember  that  when  they  met  last  year  their  main  cable  was 
interrupted,  and  it  cost  nearly  £40,000  to  complete  that  repair. 
The  total  expenditure  in  connection  with  the  maintenance  of  cables 
for  the  year  amounted  to  £42,240,  to  meet  which  they  had  hadtodraw 
upon  their  reserve  fund.  He  regretted  also  to  have  to  inform  them 
that  the  main  cable  was  again  interrupted,  and  they  were  faced 
with  an  expenditure  that  might,  and  probably  would,  exceed  the 
coat  that  they  had  to  meet  last  year  for  maintenance,  and  as  this 
would  very  seriously  deplete  the  amount  of  the  reperve  fund,  the 
board  felt  that  it  was  in  the  best  interests  of  the  share- 
holders that  they  should  on  that  occasion  not  pay  any  bonus 
in  addition  to  the  dividend  of  4  per  cent.  The  only  item 
he  need  refer  to  in  the  balance-sheet  was  that  of  cable  on  hand, 
which  amounted  to  £72,489,  which  was  very  much  in  excess  of  the 
amount  usually  appearing  under  this  head.  It  was  due  to  the 
fact  that  they  had  had  to  manufacture  a  length  of  500  miles  of 
new  cable,  which  possibly,  though  they  hoped  it  would  not  be  so, 
would  have  to  be  inserted  in  connection  with  the  repair  upon 
which  they  were  now  engaged.  He  might  say,  with  regard  to  these 
interruptions,  that  never  before  in  the  history  of  the  company  had 
two  deep-sea  interruptions  in  the  main  cable  taken  place  so  close 
together  as  these  two,  and  they  trusted  that  it  would  be  many 
years  before  they  were  called  upon  to  meet  such  heavy  expenditure 
again.  The  fact,  however,  that  these  interruptions  did  occur,  and 
the  knowledge  that  their  repair  called  for  the  expenditure  ol  such 
large  sums  of  money,  rendered  it  imperative  that  the  reserve  fund 
should  be  kept  at  as  high  a  figure  as  possible. 

Mk.  John  Vabley  seconded  the  motion,  which  was  unanimously 
adopted,  no  questions  being  asked. 


I luio- European  Telepaph  Co,,  Ltd. 

The  meeting  of  this  company  was  held  at  the  offices,  18,  Old  Broad 
Street,  E.G.,  on  Tuesday,  Mr.  J.  H.  Tritton  presiding. 

The  CHAiKiiAN,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  095),  said  he  turned  naturally  to  the 
question  which  had  been  occupying  their  close  attention  now  for 
some  time,  viz.,  that  of  a  considerable  addition  to  their  capacity 
for  carrying  traffic.  This  addition  was  more  than  ever  necessary. 
Traffic  tended  to  increase,  and,  moreover,  was  carried  year  by  year 
at  increasing  speed.  This  was  partly  due  to  the  demands  of  the 
senders,  and  partly  to  the  improvements  constantly  being  made  in 
telegraph  apparatus.  There  was,  however,  in  spite  of  the  vigilant 
Bupervision  of  their  lines,  no  corresponding  means  of  overcoming 
the  constantly-present  danger  of  interruptions,  which,  however 
short  they  might  be,  had  a  serious  effect  on  their  traflBc  whilst  they 
continued.  The  obiect  of  the  directors  had  been  to  add  one  com- 
plete wire  throughout  the  system,  and  he  was  glad  to  say  that  the 
arrangements  fc"  this  addition  were  very  nearly  complete.  The 
British  and  German  Governments  had  agreed  to  lay  a  new  cable 
across  the  North  Sea,  and  this,  when  accomplished,  would  set  free 
a  conductor  in  one  of  the  existing  cables  for  the  use  of  the  com- 
pany. They  would  then  have  three  wires,  one  in  each  of  three 
cables,  separated  by  considerable  distanc>es,  and  it  was  most  unlikely 
that  they  would  then  be  subject  to  a  total  interruption  caused  by 
all  cables  being  disabled  at  the  same  time.  As  negotiations  for  the 
concurrent  extensions  of  their  working  agreement  with  the  Post- 
master-General, and  of  their  concession  from  the  Imperial  German 
Government,  were  still  pending,  it  was  not  advisable  to  make  any 
definite  announcement  at  present.  With  a  natural  desire  to  simul- 
taneously obtain  extensions  of  aU  their  concessions,  application  was 
also  made  to  the  Russian  Government.  Having  regard,  however, 
to  the  faot  that  their  present  Russian  concession  still  had  some  12 
years  to   run,   they   received   the    perfectly    reasonable    and    not 


unexiKicled  reply,   that  it  wan  too  r-nrly   an   jfX  to   fn  •'••r 

into  dcflnitu  coiiHiderntion.     Hn  wii<h<;d  to  makn  it  <  kr 

that  whatever  eitcnHionM  they  might  or  ml({lit    '  '  •  ir 

ooucfdnionH  were  i-ceun-   in  any  cann  to  192.^,  i''  ng 

Htood  in  the  way  of  tho  achievement  of  thfrir  u  /  , 

the  addition  of  a  wire  to  their  iiyatcm  from  I. :.  -         :    ^trh 

to  Teheran.     If,  an  they  boixxJ,  the  nnw  North   Hea  i.-abie   wbji  Uld 
within  a  few  monthn,  thn  other  necXiiiu^  tit  the  new  wi/«  wooM  tw 
ready   to  he   linked    up  with   it.     Turning    to   trafDc  renultn,  their 
main  traffic,  vi/..,  that  with    India,  nhowed  a  Httarly  and  gntifylcg 
increase,  and  there  had  naturally  l)c»n  an  abnormally  heavy  Turk  ijih 
traffic.     The    other   trufficM  were  well   maintained,     beferrwl  tele- 
grams as  a  clans  ulfo  showed  a  conhiderablu  increaxe,  and  apiM^red 
ade<|uately  to  fulfil  the  pnrpoce   for   which  thiy  were  introduced. 
Traffic  prospects  for  the  year  191.3  were  alno  fairly  good,  but  he  mo«t 
again   sound   a   warning    note.    The  company    bad    heavy    fixed 
charges  in  respect  of    outpuymentn  to  its  conceenionary    Oo»em» 
niente — fixed    charges     because    a    reduction    of     tariff    did    not 
necest>arily  mean  that    their  outpayments    would   te    reduced  in 
proportion.     He    thought   that   in   the   near  future   the    directors 
would    have     to     face    further     reductions.       He     muat     remind 
them      that      telegraph      companies      were      more      subject       to 
criticism,    perhaps,     than      any     other     public      concern,     and, 
provided    that   they   were   in   a   prcr>porouH   condition,  the  pnblio 
thought  they  had  a  right  to  insist    upon  lower  rates.     That   com- 
pany had  shown  in  the  past  its  readiness  to  meet  legitimate  demands 
for  reductions,  and  they  were  -ready  to  do  so  in  the  future,  provided 
they  were  not  jeopardising   the  interests  of  the  shareholders.     lie 
would  remind  them,   however,    that,  as  far  as  code  telegrams  were 
concerned,  and  these  formed  90  per  cent  of  the  total,  their  cnstomera 
got  very  good  value  for  their  money,  and,  he  believed  would  admit 
this  fact  if  asked.     The  shareholders  had.  no  doubt,  read  with  con- 
siderable interest  the  parai^raph  in  the  report  dealing  with  wixeleea 
telegraphy.    They  would  remember  that  it  was  necessary  to  extend 
the  scope  of  the  memorandum  and  articles  of  as^icciation  of  the  com- 
pany. The  memorandum  of  association  was  drafted  4  5  years  ago,  and 
was  drawn  up  for  a  specific  purpose,  viz.,  to  work  a  system  of  tele- 
graphs over  wires  within   fixed   limits.       This  so   restricted   the 
directors  that  it    became  most  advit^able  to  place  a  revised  and 
extended  memorandum  of  association  before  the  shareholders.     It 
received      their     approval      and     the    sanction     of    their    con- 
cessionary   Governments    and     of    the    High     Court.      One    of 
the  earliest  advantages    reaped    by    the    company    was    to    free 
the  hands  of  the  directors,  so  that  they  could  examine  critically 
any  proposals  that  might  be  submitted  to  them  in  connection  with 
wireless  telegraphy,  with  the  result  that  they  eventually  took  over 
the  Galletti  patents  for  wireless  telegraphy  and  telephony.     The 
directors  were  convinced  that  in  taking  this  step  they  acted  in  the 
best  interests  of  the  company.     He  need  scarcely  tell  them  that 
the  directors  had  had  the  benefit  of  the  opinion  of  experts  upon  this 
system,  both  from  the  scientific  and  the  patent  point  of  view,  and 
these  opinions  were  considered  satisfactory.     Reviewing,  briefly, 
the  relation  of  wireless  to  its  elder  sisters  in  telegraphy,  he  said 
that  telegraphy  without  wires,  cables  or  conductors  of  any  kind 
would  represent  financially  everything  most  desirable  in  commu- 
nication over  long  distances.    The  science  hfd,  however,  hitherto, 
in  spite  of  years  of   experimental  work,  not  reached   a  stage  at 
which    the   tangible   conductor  might   with    safety  be  discarded 
in  favour    of   the   ether,  no   known   system    having    been  found 
to  overcome  certain  difficulties  of   transmission.      In  the  Galletti 
system,    however,    the    directors    had     been    offered    one    that 
had    new   and   self-evident   advantages   in    the   theory  on  which 
it  was  based.     Those  advantages  were,  of  course,  in  many  respects 
of  a  technical  nature,  and  were  at  the  moment  more  or  less  con- 
fidential, the  system  being  stUl  in  the  experimental  stage,  but  the 
chief  claims  made  by  the  inventor  for  the  system  were  that  by  its 
use  a  much  larger  proportion  of  the  power  used  was  made  available 
in  the  aerial  at  the  transmitting  end,  and  therefore  at  the  receiving 
end  also,  than  by  any  other  system.     The  current  used  was  direct 
current,  and  the  view  held  by  most  experts  to-day  was  that  trans- 
mission by  direct  current  was  preferable  to   alternating  current. 
From  a  business  point  of   view  the  Galletti  system  appealed  to  the 
directors  for  two  reasons.     Its  main  patents  were  such  as  to  give 
it  a  perfectly  independent  position  amongst  contemporary  wireless 
systems  ;  and,  further,  the  inventor  was  willing  to  transfer  his  con- 
trol over  the  system   to    this  company,  both  of  which,  of  course, 
were  very  important  considerations.     An  agreement  was  therefore 
entered  into  with  Sir.  Galletti  by  the   directors  on  behalf  of   the 
company,  in  virtue    of    which   Mr.  Galletti    transferred    all    his 
patent  rights  in  his  system  to  a  company  formed  and  controlled  by 
this  company,  viz.,  '"  Galletti's  Wireless  Telegraph  and  Telephone 
Co.,  Ltd.,"  the  consideration  being  that  this  company  should  find  the 
working  capital  necessary  to   establish  the  system  on  a   Iwsis  of 
commercial  utility.      Further,   the  company  had  enter,»d  into  an 
agreement  with  Mr.  Galletti  whereby  he  gave  his  services  to  the 
company   for  a  specific   period.      The    liability  of    this  company 
to  find  the   above-mentioned  working  capital  was  limited  under 
the  agreement  to  1 34,000,  of  which  -tlVZ.iOO  had  been  found  up  to 
the  end  of  1912.     Some  further  moderate  expenditure  during  1913 
would    be  necessary  to  complete    the  experiments.     The  directors 
proposed  to  pay  a  visit  to  Switzerland  during  the  next  few  daye 
for  the  purpose  of  witnessing  a  demonstration  of  telegraphy  and 
telephony  by  the  Galletti  system  over  distances  short  to  begin  with 
but  which   would   be   extended  as    experiments   progressed.      In 
Switzerland  there  were  two  stations  fully  equipped,  and  working 
would   be  shown   in   both    directions.      The  telegraphic   signals 
would  be  transmitted  and  recorded  by  the  Wheatstone  autcmstac 
system.     They  fully  expected  that  51r.  Galletti  would  be  ready  to 
demonstrate   his  long-distance  experiments  at  the  same  time.     A 
transmitting    station    had    been    installed    by    the  company   at 


782 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,849,  May  2,  1913. 


Leschaux,  some  60  miles  distant  from  Geneva,  but  on  French 
territory,  where  Mr.  Galletti  would  experiment  with  hijrh  power 
with  the  object  of  reaching  very  distant  stations.  lie  would 
like  to  mention  that  the  directors  acknowledged  with 
pratitude  the  kind  assistance  of  the  British  and  French  Govern- 
ments in  carrying  out  experiments.  Turning  to  the  ac- 
counts, the  revenue  from  message  receipts  showed  an  increase 
of -010,981.  The  combined  commercial  and  maintenance  expenses 
showed  an  increase  of  i:  4,387.  This  was  due  under  both  headings 
mainly  to  a  certaia  increase  of  remuneration  to  the  staflF  due,  in 
Russia  and  Persia  particularly,  to  the  increased  cost  of  living,  and 
to  the  continuing  replacement  of  their  instrument  batteries  by 
accumulators.  Depreciation  on  the  company's  investments  during 
the  year  under  review  absorbed  the  sum  of  £10,813.  The  directors 
now  proposed  the  usual  final  dividend,  absorbing  i:  14,87.5,  and  a  bonus 
of  20s.  per  share  requiring  »;  1 7,000,  both  free  of  tax.  They  also  pro- 
posed to  provide  out  of  profit  the  sum  of  £32,200,  represented  by  the 
Galletti  investment,  which  would  thus  stand  in  the  next  balance- 
sheet  free  of  cost  to  the  company.  They  again  recommended  a 
special  distribution  out  of  interest  upon  certain  investments  and 
advance  accounts  of  15s.  per  share,  free  of  tax,  carrying  forward 
*13,(i.55  to  the  credit  of  1913. 

Mb.    C.   Hollaxd   seconded   the    motion,    which    was    carried 
unanimously. 


and   IHannfactnriDi? 


Britisli  Westin)2:hoase   Electric 
Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  that  for  the  year  ended  December  3Ist,  1912. 
the  accounts  show  continued  progress,  and  indicate  that  the  com- 
pany has  had  a  good  share  in  the  general  trade  improvement. 
Competition  is  still  very  keen  in  the  electrical  and  allies  industries, 
but  the  prices  obtained  are  slightly  better  than  in  the  previous 
year.  The  gross  profit  amounts  to  £157, 871,  from  which  fall  to  be 
deducted  : — Depreciiition  on  works,  machinery,  plant,  &c.,  £43,450 
(in  addition  to  £6,300  provided  for  redemption  of  prior  lien  deben- 
tures for  the  year),  expenses  on  surplus  land  and  buildings  £3,033, 
interest  on  6  per  cent,  prior  lien  debentures  £13,650,  interest  on 
4  per  cent,  mortgage  debenture  stock  £49,654,  leaving  a  balance  of 
£48,084.  From  this  balance  has  to  be  deducted  the  amount 
required  for  the  prior  lien  redemption  fund  £6,350,  proportion  of 
expenses  of  issue  of  prior  lien  debentures  £660,  leaving  a  net 
profit  for  the  year  of  £41,074,  as  against  £20,708  last  year.  Adding 
to  this  the  balance  brought  forward  from  1911,  £25,825,  there  is 
a  balance  of  £66,899  to  the  credit  of  profit  and  loss  account,  which 
it  is  proposed  should  be  carried  forward.  The  accounts  would  have 
shown  a  still  more  satisfactory  result  but  for  the  coal  strike,  the 
inconvenience  from  which  was  felt  throughout  the  year. 
On  the  credit  side  of  the  balance-sheet  the  item  '  Under- 
ground Electric  Railways  Co.  of  London  £95,681,  "  is  still  held  in 
suspense,  as  the  loss,  whatever  the  amount  may  finally  prove  to  be, 
has  not  yet  been  ascertained.  The  company's  appeal  to  the  House 
of  Lords,  referred  to  in  the  last  report,  was  successful,  and  the 
rnatter  has  b«en  referred  back  to  the  arbitrator  for  further  con- 
sideration. As  is  the  usual  practice,  a  substantial  amount  has 
again  been  charged  against  revenue  for  the  maintenance  of  works 
and  plant,  in  addition  to  which  -t 49,750  has  been  applied 
to  depreciation.  Orders  received  during  the  year,  for  both  the 
home  and  export  markets,  show  an  appreciable  increase  over  those 
of  1911,  and  the  directors  state  that  the  business  of  the  current 
year  similarly  shows  an  increase  over  that  of  the  correspond- 
ing period  of  1912.  Mr.  C.  A.  Park,  managing  director,  resigned 
his  position  in  December,  and  a  successor  has  not  yet  been 
appointed. 

The  meeting  is  called  for  Monday,  May  5th,  at  Hamilton  House, 
Victoria  Embankment. 


North  Metropolitan  Electric  Power  Snpply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  April  23rd  at  Electrical  Federation 
Offices,  Kingsway,  W.C,  Mr.  E.  Garcke  presiding. 

The  Chaibmak,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electeical  Review,  page  693),  said  he  was  glad  to  be  able  to 
congratulate  the  shareholders  that,  notwithstanding  the  anxious 
time  they  had  passed  through  in  connection  with  the  coal  strike 
and  other  troubles  of  the  same  kind,  they  were  able  to  report  further 
continuous  progress  of  the  company,  and  to  recommend  a  dividend 
on  the  ordinary  shares  of  1 0  per  cent,  for  the  year,  as  compared 
with  '.I  per  cent,  for  1911.  At  the  meeting  last  year,  he  referred  to 
the  serious  condition  of  affairs  which  the  coal  strike  was  producing, 
and  told  them  that  the  cost  of  production  was  likely  to  be  abnor- 
mally high.  He  was  sorry  to  say  that  those  anticipations  as  to 
inoreaaed  expense  of  production  had  been  fulfilled.  On  the  other 
hand,  he  was  glad  to  say  that  they  were  able  to  maintain  a  con- 
tinnons  supply,  and  any  increase  in  the  rates  was  avoided.  The 
revenue  was  adversely  affected  by  the  strike.  For  a  period  of  about 
10  weeks  no  coal  was  delivered  to  their  stations  under  their  ordinary 
contracts  and  they  were  compelled,  towards  the  end  of  the  period, 
to  arrange  with  the  Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways  Co.  to  reduce 
their  tramway  service,  and  they  also  had  to  request  the  various 
authorised  distributors  who  took  bulk  supplies  from  them  to 
restrict  their  demands  as  far  as  possible.  Such,  however,  was  the 
inherent  possibility  for  expansion  in  the  district,  that  notwith- 
standing those  circumstances,  the  output  increased  very  much 
in  the  same  ratio  as  had  been  the  case  in  preceding  years. 
Last  year  they  sold  29  million  Board  of  Trade  units, 
which,  compared  with  about  26  million  in  1911,  an  increase 
equivalent     to    lOJ     per    cent.      The    revenue     for    the    year 


amounted  to  £143,000,  as  compared  with  £132,800  for  1911,  an 
increase  of  about  £10,000,  or  about  7i  percent.  Unfortunately, 
the  expenditure  showed  an  increase  of  £10,900.  Of  that  increase 
about  £7,500  might  be  said  to  be  due  to  increased  output,  so  that 
the  abnormal  increase  of  expenditure  amounted  to  about  £3,500, 
primarily  due  to  the  higher  price  of  coal,  and  also  to  some  extent  to 
increased  rates  and  taxes.  Those  adverse  conditions  had  come  to 
an  end,  and  he  hoped  that  during  the  current  year  they  would  be 
able  to  show  further  progress  in  their  output,  accompanied  by  an 
increased  net  profit.  Last  year  they  received  6  per  cent, 
on  their  investments  in  the  North  Metropolitan  Electrical 
Power  Distribution  Co.,  as  compared  with  ,">  per  cent,  in  1911. 
That  company  received  electricity  in  bulk  from  them,  and  distri- 
buted it  in  various  growing  districts  in  the  North  Metropolitan 
area.  The  net  revenije  had  been  debited  with  £2,000  in  accordance 
with  the  trust  deed  to  secure  the  debentures,  and  £25,000  had  been 
placed  to  the  credit  of  the  depreciation  account  which  now 
amounted  to  £78,850.  The  amount  required  for  the  dividend 
on  the  preference  shares  was  larger  than  in  the  preceding  year, 
because  a  further  issue  of  preference  shares  was  made  last  year. 
The  capital  expenditure  during  the  year  had  amounted  to  £50,670. 
He  might  remind  them  how  very  consistently  the  business  of  the 
company  had  expanded.  In  1905  the  output  was  5  million  units, 
the  next  year  8  millions,  the  following  year  11  millions,  the  next 
14  millions,  then  16  millions,  then  21  millions;  in  1911  it  was 
26  millions,  and  last  year,  as  he  had  already  told  them,  29  millions. 
That  was  a  pretty  steady  and  satisfactory  expansion  of  the  busi- 
ness, and  having  regard  to  the  industrial  developments  that  were 
taking  place  in  the  large  area  over  which  they  had  tenure,  the 
board  had  reason  to  feel  very  sanguine  in  regard  to  future 
prospects. 

Sib  Ebnest  Spekcer  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted. 

An  extraordinary  meeting  was  then  held.  The  Chairman  pro- 
posed a  resolution  to  the  effect  that  of  the  amount  which  the  com- 
pany were  authorised  to  borrow,  a  sum  not  exceeding  £42,500  be 
raised  by  the  issue  of  further  mortgages  to  rank  pari  })assu  with  the 
existing  mortgages  issued  by  the  company.  He  said  he  had  told 
them  how  rapid  had  been  the  progress  of  the  company,  and  the 
increase  of  the  business  naturally  involved  extensions  to  the  power 
houses.  A  large  extension  was  almost  completed  at  Brimsdown,  and 
at  Willesden  the  extension  was  well  in  hand.  In  order  to  cope  with 
the  demands,  it  was  also  necessary  to  extend  the  Hertford  station 
almost  immediately,  and  further  arrangements  would  have  to  be 
made  at  St.  Albans  in  the  near  future. 

Sib  Ebnest  Spexceb  seconded  the  proposition,  which  was 
adopted. 

Prospectus. — The  Electrical  and  Luluxtricd  Investment 
Co.,  Ltd. — The  list  was  to  close  on  Wednesday  in  an  issue  at  par 
of  £85,180  4i  per  cent,  first  debenture  stock,  and  £92,955  5i  per 
cent,  second  debenture  stock  in  this  company.  The  trustees  of  the 
debenture-holders  are  the  Electric  and  General  Investment  Co, 
Ltd.  At  December,  1912,  the  company  held  investments  of  the  net 
book  value  of  £462,671.  Of  this  amount,  2674  per  cent,  repre- 
sents holdings  in  electric  power  and  traction  (combined)  under- 
takings ;  24'28  per  cent,  tramways  and  omnibuses  ;  18'97  per  cent, 
electric  lighting  and  power  ;  10'03  per  cent,  railways  ;  and  the 
remainder  is  in  commercial  and  industrial,  oil,  financial,  tea,  coffee, 
and  rubber,  telegraph  and  telephone,  and  other  classes.  Nearly 
80  per  cent,  of  the  total  are  in  the  form  of  debentures,  debenture 
stocks,  preference  shares  and  stocks,  \-c.,  the  remainder  being 
ordinary  shares  and  stocks,  loans  and  syndicates,  &c.  The  revenue 
account  for  the  first  seven  months  ended  December  last  showed  a 
profit  of  £11,325,  after  paying  all  administration  expenses.  The 
company  entered  into  agreements  at  June,  1912  with  the  liquidators 
of  the  City  of  Birmingham  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  purchase 
and  sale  of  the  assets  and  property  of  the  latter,  and  with  the 
B.B.T.  Co.,  Ltd.,  whereby  that  company  guaranteed  the  subscrip- 
tion of  180,000  ordinary  shares  and  60,000  preference  shares  in  con- 
sideration of  an  option.  Our  readers  are  familiar  with  the  objects 
of  the  company.  At  the  meeting  reported  in  our  issue  of  February 
2l8t,  1913,  the  chairman,  Mr.  E.  Garcke,  said  it  was  intended  to 
raise  a  little  further  capital  by  the  issue  of  4  J  per  cent,  debenture 
stock,  and  so  reduce  the  average  cost  of  their  capital. 

Cuba  Submarine   Telejfraph  Co..  Ltd. — The    report 

of  the  directors  for  the  half-year  ended  December  31st,  1912,  states 
that  the  total  receipts  for  the  period  were  £1'.»,074  and  the  expcnees 
£7,085,  leaving  £11,988,  plus  £7,743  l)rought  forward,  making 
£19.731  to  be  dealt  with.  £2,000  has  been  placed  to  the  pension 
fund,  and  £2,000  added  to  the  general  reserve  fund,  which  now 
stands  at  £94,000,  The  dividend  on  the  preference  shares  will 
absorb  £3,000,  and  leave  £12,731,  out  of  which  the  directors 
recommend  the  payment  of  a  dividend  at  a  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per 
annum  on  the  ordinary  shares,  free  of  income-tax  ;  the  balance, 
£7.931.  being  carried  forward.  Following  the  suggestion  made  at 
a  recent  meeting  for  holding  the  general  meetings  annually  instead 
of  half-yearly,  the  board  have  decided  to  adopt  that  course,  which 
is  in  accordance  with  the  articles  of  association.  The  company's 
financial  year  will  run  from  .January  1st  to  December  31st ;  the 
yearly  meetings  being  held  in  April  or  May  and  an  interim  divi- 
dend being  payable  in  October. 
The  meeting  is  called  for  May  7th. 

Calcutta   Electric   Supply  Corporation,   Ltd. — The 

number  of  units  delivered  to  consumers  during  the  four  weeks 
ended  March  28th  amounted  to  890,782,  compared  with  854,021 
unite  in  the  corresponding  four  weeke  Pf  1912. 


Vol.  72.    No.  I,8l'.i,  May  2,  I'Ji:t. 


TIIM    KLKCTKICAIi    KKVIMW. 


783 


N(raft'ur<l-on-Avon  l^lcctricity  (^o.,  litd. 

Tllio  report  for  l'J12  hUIob  thiit,  after  writmif  olF  C20(l  t<) 
roHervo  and  tlo]>rcoiation  iiooount  and  Imildin^  Hinkiiif;  fund,  the 
net  revenue  nucount  hIiowh  an  availaldc  balance  of  il'iriH,  which  the 
direotorH  reoommond  Bhould  bo  appropriated  bh  followH  ;  Ditectorfi' 
fees,  *I50;  3i  per  oeut.  dividend,  ji;2r)7  ;  carryini?  forwoid  ^;2^)l. 

Unite  UhccI       Unuo-      Re. i'.    Max.    Av'ko 

gcno'     UnltH  IilK'bt'  Heat-     on       counted  Ininpri    load      priro 

Year,  rated,    hoIiI.      Ihk.    Power,    ing.   workn.       (or.        oon.    in  kvv.    ubl'd. 

i»u  ioa,4ii  ua.inii  6a,4Hi(  vjimn  10,0321)9,995     10,100    io,Hr)K     120    a-iHd. 

1912  192,nil  VM.m  19,940    40,89f.    10,981  4H,000      12,(;01     12,ir,0      120      :i-80d. 


Callender's  Cable  and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd. 

Thk  direotorH'  report  for  the  year  endintr  December  :JlBt,  l'J12, 
shown  that  there  is  a  balance  at  the  credit  of  profit  and  loss  of 
£117,088,  plus  £58,531  broii^'ht  forward,  makintr  £155,620.  From 
this  must  be  deducted  interest  on  debenture  stock,  £i:i,500  ;  divi- 
dend on  preference  shares,  £10,000  ;  appropriation  for  deprecia- 
tion of  buildinfjs.  plant  and  machinery,  t8,<j'.)l  ;  appropriation  for 
depreciation  of  office  furniture,  £230  ;  expenses  incurred  by  this 
company  in  connection  with  the  formation  of  Callender's  Share  and 
Investment  Trust,  Ltd.,  i; 5,200  ;  making-  together  C37,624  ;  leaving 
an  available  balance  of  £1 17,9!)5.  It  is  proposed  to  pay  a  dividend 
on  the  ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent,  per  annum,  less 
income-tax,  being  lOs.  per  share  (whereof  5s.,  lees  income-tax,  was 
paid  on  November  Ist,  1912,  and  5s.,  less  income-tax,  will  be  paid 
on  May  15th),  £17,500  ;  pay  a  bonus  of  5s.  per  share,  less  income- 
tax,  on  May  15th,  i;8,750;  and  to  carry  forward  £91,745.  The 
operations  of  the  company  for  the  past  year  have  again  produced 
results  which  are  highly  satisfactory,  the  profit  on  the  year's  opera- 
tions exceeding  that  of  1911  by  more  than  i;  20.000.  This  result 
has  been  arrived  at  in  spite  of  the  heavy,  and  in  many  respects 
useless  expenditure,  forced  on  the  company  by  the  two  great  strikes 
of  the  year,  that  of  the  coal  miners  in  the  Spring,  and  that  on  the 
River  Thames  last  Autumn.  Both  seriously  interfered  with  the 
company's  operations,  and  entailed  wasteful  expenditure  of 
several  thousands  of  pounds  The  strike  on  London  River 
threatened  at  one  time  to  close  down  the  company's  works, 
but,  thanks  to  the  arrangements  which  had  been  made  in 
advance,  to  the  excellent  facilities  which  the  company  has  for 
handling  materials,  and  to  the  energy  of  those  in  the  service  of  the 
company,  less  inconvenience  was  caused  to  customers  than  might 
have  been  anticipated.  Considerable  trouble,  owing  to  labour 
unrest,  has  been  experienced  in  the  engineering  department  during 
the  year.  The  difficulties  have  now  been  arranged,  and  this  depart- 
ment is  in  full  work,  and  has  important  unexecuted  orders  in  hand. 
The  general  trade  of  the  company  continues  to  expand  both  at 
home  and  abroad.  The  shops  are  full  of  orders,  and  inquiries  for 
future  work  point  to  the  likelihood  of  continued  good  business. 
This  applies  not  only  to  underground  mains,  such  as  the  company 
has  manufactured  for  many  years  past,  but  to  telephone  cables  now 
made  at  Erith,  and  to  the  rubber  wire  business  carried  on  in  con- 
junction with  this  company  by  the  Anchor  Cable  Co.  at  Leigh, 
Lancashire.  The  increase  in  output  during  last  year,  especially  for 
the  Colonies  and  abroad,  rendered  it  necessary  to  provide  further 
capital,  and  the  directors  decided  to  raise  that  money  by  means  of 
a  subsidiary  company,  which  has  now  been  formed  under  the  title 
of  Callender's  Share  and  Investment  Trust,  Ltd.  Full  details  of  the 
arrangements  with  the  Trust  Co.  were  contained  in  the  prospectus 
of  that  company.  This  company  incurred  expenses  in  connection 
with  the  formation  of  the  Trust  Co.  amounting  to  £5,200,  and  the 
whole  of  this  amount  is  written  off  the  profits  of  this  year.  As 
usual,  all  machinery,  plant  and  appliances  at  the  factory,  and  on 
outside  contracts  at  home  and  abroad,  have  been  maintained  in  the 
highest  state  of  efficiency,  and  the  cost  of  so  doing  has  been  debited 
against  the  year's  accounts.  The  Anchor  Cable  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  also 
experienced  a  highly  satisfactory  year's  working,  and  the  profits 
(which  have  been  in  excess  of  those  of  any  previous  year)  have 
enabled  its  directors  not  only  to  maintain  the  dividend  of  15  per 
cent.,  but  to  increase  the  amount  of  its  carry  forward.  The  other 
undertakings  in  which  this  company  is  interested  are  all  making 
satisfactory  progress.  The  directors  express  their  deep  regret  at  the 
death  of  Mr.  Henry  Drake,  which  occurred  in  February  last.  Mr. 
Drake's  connection  with  the  Callender  Cable  business  dated  from  its 
commencement  in  1872.  He  was  chairman  of  this  company  from 
its  formation  until  last  year,  when,  owing  to  failing  health,  he 
found  it  necessary  to  relinquish  that  position.  His  colleagues  wish 
to  put  on  record  their  recognition  of  the  valuable  services  which 
he  rendered  to  the  company  for  so  many  years. 
The  meeting  is  called  for  May  8th. 


Anchor  Cable  CO.,  Ltd.— The  directors'  report  for  the 
year  ending  December  Slst,  1912,  states  that  the  profit  amounted 
to  £16,359.  plus  £5,488  brought  forward,  making  a  total  of 
,t21,847.  From  this  must  be  deducted — interest  on  debenture 
stock  £2,250,  depreciation  on  plant  and  machinery  £2,750,  written 
off  investments  £1,489,  leaving  an  available  balance  of  £15,358. 
It  is  proposed  to  pay  a  dividend  of  15  per  cent.,  absorbing  £8,719, 
and  to  carry  forward  £6,639.  The  business  of  the  company  is 
making  steady  progress,  both  in  this  country  and  abroad.  In  the 
course  of  the  year  the  directors  called  up  £5  per  share  on  the 
1,500  partly  paid  otdinary  shares.  This  call  has  been  paid  in  full, 
80  that  all  shares  issued  are  now  fully  paid.  The  plant  and 
machinery  have  been  maintained  in  first-class  order,  and  all  costs 
of  so  doing  have  been  charged  against  the  year's  account. 


Mctalite,  Ltd. 

Till-:  adjourned  ordinary  (general  m(.-ctiu((  of  nhartrholdcrH  of  tbia 
(Minipaiiy  wan  held  on  Tucdday  at  the  oKcm,  ChrtRtopber  Htreet, 
Fiiisbury,  Mr.  .1.  T.  Hentley  prenidinK, 

The  (JllAlu.MAN  said  he  bad  to  apoloifiiw;  for  the  abwnco  of  tbelr 
chainimn,  Mr.  Stewart,  who  liml  nutferi;d  a  family  bercav(:iiient 
during  the  last  few  days,  and  who  wuM  in  .S<;otland  klt>-ndinK  th<: 
funeral.  He  hail  also  U>  inform  them  that  .Mr.  .lotiiph  .M(:t<;alf,  hii 
other  co-director,  had  been  lying  on  a  nick  bod  for  nome  wf^-kn,  and 
was  quite  unable  to  attend  the  meetin(f.  They  would  remRiiit.ier 
that  at  the  a<ljourned  meeting  held  there  on  February  2itb  it  wm 
further  adjourned  to  that  day  in  order  that  the  company '«  accountu 
should  be  coiii[ilctcd  and  audited  and  preHentcd  to  the  Rhare- 
holders.  However,  the  directors  had  found  that  impoMiible 
owing  to  the  fact  that  a  Receiver  for  the  firMt  murigaic'^'i,  namely, 
the  bank,  had  Ijeen  appointed,  and  the  directorH  hofl  no  fund*  in 
hand  belonging  to  the  company  to  diKcharge  the  name,  and  the 
auditors  and  others  were  not  prepared  to  complete  the  accounts 
without  a  cash  payment,  which  the  directors  did  not  feel  jufttiQed, 
in  the  present  stage,  in  advancinj;.  They  had  devoted  the  whole  of 
their  attention,  first,  to  making  suitable  arrangements)  with  the 
bank  to  avoid  a  sale  of  the  company's  assets,  which  had  been  done, 
some  of  the  debenture-holders  coming  forward  to  advance  the 
necessary  amounts.  In  the  second  place,  they  had  devoted  their 
energies  to  evolving  a  scheme  of  recapitalisation,  which  the 
directors  considered  was  absolutely  essential  if  the  company  wa« 
to  be  resuscitated  and  ultimately  to  become  successful.  It  was 
hoped  that  that  scheme  might  have  been  put  before  them  informally 
that  day,  but,  of  course,  in  the  absence  of  the  chairman,  that  could 
not  be  done.  All  shareholders  would,  however,  in  a  very  nhort 
time  receive  copies  of  the  proposals,  and  an  extraordinary  meeting 
would  be  called  with  a  view  to  carrying  the  proposal  into  effect  or 
otherwise,  as  the  shareholders  might  deem  fit.  Meantime,  they 
had  been  able  to  arrange  with  the  second  and  the  third  series 
debenture-holders  not  to  press  their  claim  for  principal  and  over- 
due interest,  so  that  no  further  complications  were  likely  to  arise 
in  putting  forward  such  a  scheme.  Being  single-handed  that  day. 
he. was  afraid  he  could  say  nothing  further  on  the  matter  just  at 
the  moment,  except  to  again  assure  them  that  the  scheme,  out  of 
the  many  that  had  been  placed  before  the  directors,  was, 
in  their  consideration,  the  best ;  and  although  in  the 
nature  of  things  it  had  to  be  somewhat  drastic,  at  the 
same  time  it  was  the  soundest  proposal,  in  the  directors'  opinion, 
that  gave  them  any  likelihood  of  success  under  the  circum- 
stances. He  concluded  by  moving  that  the  meeting  stand 
adjourned  until  Friday,  May  30th. 

Mr.  Lee  said  he  would  formally  second  the  resolution,  as  it 
seemed  to  him  that  there  was  nothing  else  to  do.  It  was  a  very 
unfortunate  position.  He  had  tried  to  get  a  little  information 
about  the  matter  only  that  morning,  but  in  the  absence  of  the 
chairman  he  did  not  see  that  they  could  do  anything  but  consent 
to  the  adjournment. 

The  resolution  was  carried  with  one  dissentient. 


Gravesend  and  Northfleet  Electric  Traniwaj-s,  Ltd. 

The  twelfth  ordinary  meeting  of  the  above  company  should  have 
been  held  on  Monday,  at  the  offices  of  the  Electrical  Federation, 
Kingsway,  W.C,  but  it  was  postponed. 

The  report  for  the  year  ended  December.  1912,  states  that  the 
total  revenue  amounted  to  £11,668,  as  compared  with  £11,554  for 
1911.  After  deducting  all  expenses  chargeable  to  revenue,  includ- 
ing repairs  and  maintenance,  and  £1,800  for  debenture  intertst, 
there  remains  a  balance  of  £2,603,  plus  £567  brought  forward, 
making  an  available  balance  of  £3,170.  Out  of  this  the  directors 
propose  to  place  to  reserve  £6(i0,  to  renewals  fund  £600,  one  half- 
year's  preference  dividend,  completing  the  full  dividend  on  the 
6  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  shares  to  Jane  30th,  1907,  £1,200. 
carrying  forward  £770.  In  the  preceding  year  £1,000  was  placed 
to  a  joint  reserve  and  renewals  fund  (which  has  now  been  dividtd 
into  two  separate  accounts),  and  one  half-year's  dividend  on  the 
preference  shares  was  paid  ;  £6  10s.  has  been  expended  on  capital 
account  during  the  year,  the  amount  of  that  account  standing  at 
£119,601. 

The  passengers  carried  numbered  2,800,401,  as  compared  with 
2,816,099  in  1911;  average  receipts  per  passenger  "96^  (against 
■95d.).     Mileage  open  6'4 7  route  miles  ;  18  oara. 


La  Plata  Electric  Tramways  Co..  Ltd. — The  report 

states  (says  the  Financier')  that  the  total  receipta  on  revenue 
account  for  the  year  to  December  31st  amounted  to  £53,179,  and 
the  expenditure  to  £43,397.  leaving  a  balance  of  £9,782.  After 
providing  for  debenture  stock  and  other  interest  (£2,799),  and 
writing  off  the  whole  of  the  balance  of  defalcations  account  and 
expenses  in  connection  with  a  special  investigation  of  the  books  fur 
the  past  three  years — viz,  £2, 5! 3— there  remains  14,468.  which, 
with  £  23  brought  forward,  leaves  a  balance  available  of  £  4,492.  The 
directors  recommend  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per 
annum  on  the  preference  shares,  covering  the  period  from  July 
1st  to  October  31st,  1911.  This  will  absorb  £3,893,  and  leave  £5tS 
to  be  carried  forward. 

Victoria  Falls   and    Transvaal    Power  Co.  —  The 

Timrx  states  that  the  net  earnings  of  this  company,  including  those 
of  the  Rand  Jlines  Power  Supply  Co.,  for  the  quarter  ended  March 
3l8t  amounted  to  £105,259. 


J^734 


THE    ELECTKICAL   REVIEW. 


[Vol,  72.    No.  1,849,  Mat  2,  1913. 


Cork  Electric  Traniwajs  and  Lijcbtin^  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  diieotors'  report  for  the  year  1912,  states  that  the  receipts 
were  £57,676,  and  the  expenses  £3ft,,')9f>,  plus  £1,555  biougrht  for- 
ward, makinir  £23,536,  lees  interest  on  debentures  £4,600,  leavinjr 
£lS,y36.  Of  this  amount,  £6,163  was  paid  on  July  1st  and 
January  Ist,  for  the  half-yearly  dividends  on  the  6  per  cent, 
cumulative  preference  shares  ;  £6,500  added  to  reserve  for  depre- 
ciation and  renewals  ;  £1,561  written  off,  as  per  revenue  account, 
and  the  balance  is  to  be  disposed  of  by  payinp  3  per  cent,  dividend 
on  the  ordinary  shares,  £3,450,  and  carrying  forward  £1,262. 

The  lighting:  and  power  business  a^ain  shows  satisfactory  pro- 
tfress,  ajrreements  for  140  connections  Ijeingr  concluded  during: 
the  year.  The  additional  connections  represent  a  total  gain  of 
252  KW.,  as  against  462  kw.  in  hMl.  The  total  lidhtinfr  and  power 
receipts  were  £1,238  in  excess  of  the  previous  year.  The  revenue 
is  still  being  affected  by  the  extended  use  of  metallic-filament 
lamps,  but  additional  consumers  have  been  obtained  as  the  result 
of  their  introduction  owing  to  their  economy  and  the  excellent 
light  given.  The  traffic  receipts  show  a  decrease  of  £827,  this 
being  mainly  attributable  to  the  wet  summer  of  last  year.  The 
early  closing  of  the  shops  on  Wednesdays  has  also  resulted  in  loss 
of  revenue  both  in  lighting  and  traflSo  receipts.  The  expenses  were 
very  heavy — £2,270  in  excess  of  the  previous  year — the  increase 
being  mainly  due  to  the  enhanced  price  of  coal  and  heavier  main- 
tenance charges  for  the  lighting  and  power  cables.  The  Cork  Cor- 
poration have  wood  paved  certain  streets,  and  in  order  to  meet  the 
Corporation  and  fall  in  with  city  improvements  the  company  have 
been  put  to  extra  expen.se  in  relaying  portions  of  the  permanent 
way  which  would  not  otherwise  have  been  necessary.  The  three 
reserve  items  appearing  in  the  1!U1  accounts,  viz.,  premium  on 
shares  issued  £2,952,  premium  on  debentures  issued  £211,  and 
depreciation  and  insurance  £28,978,  in  all  £32,141,  have  been  trans- 
ferred to  a  reserve  account  for  depreciation  and  renewal?.  The 
directors  have  written  off  £1,561  as  per  revenue  account  and  trans- 
ferred £6,500  to  reserve  for  depreciation  and  renewals,  as  compared 
with  £1,753  and  £6,500  respectively  for  the  previous  year.  Cable 
renewals  have  been  carried  out  at  Cork  and  Queenstown  during 
the  year  at  a  cost  of  £2,201.  This  expenditure  has  been  charged 
against  the  reserve  account.  The  capital  expenditure  during  the 
year  has  been  mainly  expended  on  house  services,  cables  and 
public  lighting.  No  shares  or  debentures  have  been  issued  during 
the  year. 


, Traction. ^        Lighting  and  power. 

8c. p.  lamps 
Miles    PssBengera      Average        Car-       No.  of      No.  of    (equivalent) 
Vear.    open.       carried.  fare.       mileage,    cars,  customers,  connected. 

19C9        9-89         6,349,041  105d.        864,228        35  2,018  129,186 

1910  9-89         5.704,071  1  C7d,        839,178        86  2,181  1S9,40S 

1911  9-89         6,866.523  107d.        891,417        35  2,389  155,688 

1912  9'89         5,695,103  I'OOd.        898,153        35  2,529  163,774 


The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  Monday  at  the  office,  83,  Cannon 
Street,  E.C.,  Mr.  A.  R.  Monks  presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  above  report, 
said  that  dealing  first  with  the  balance-sheet,  it  would  be  seen  that 
the  share  and  debenture  capital  remained  as  at  December  31st,  191 1. 
The  three  reserve  accounts  appearing  in  the  1911  balance-sheet  had 
been  consolidated,  and  they  had  now  the  one  account,  "Reserve  for 
depreciation  and  renewals."  This  reserve  had  been  increased  by 
£6,500  out  of  the  past  year's  revenue  and  debited  with  the  expen- 
diture on  renewing  cables  at  Cork  and  Queenstown,  £2  2C0,  which 
gave  a  net  increase  of  £4,300  for  the  year,  leaving  the  reserve  at 
£36,440.  Sundry  creditors  and  outstandings  amounted  to  £6,322, 
as  compared  with  £8,602  at  December,  191 1 — a  reduction  of  £2,280. 
On  the  other  side,  the  capital  expenditure,  after  deducting  the 
amounts  written  off  house  services,  wiring  consumers'  premises,  &c., 
showed  a  net  increase  of  £1,456,  which  was  almost  entirely  ex- 
pended on  connecting  up  the  additional  private  and  public  lighting 
business  secured  last  year.  The  large  amount  against  work  in 
progress  was  mainly  for  additional  power  station  plant.  To  meet 
the  increasing  demands  they  were  installing  a  further  900-kw. 
generator  set,  which  they  hoped  would  be  in  operation  next  autumn. 
He  might  say  in  this  connection  that  all  the  available  space  in  the 
power  house  had  been  occupied  with  plant,  so  that  they  were  re- 
moving one  of  the  original  200-kw.  sets  so  as  to  provide  space  for 
the  new  set.  The  capital  expenditure  for  this  old  200-kw.  set  would 
be  written  off  in  the  accounts  for  the  current  year.  Sundry  debtors 
and  outstandings  £14  261,  compared  with  .•(;  14,749  at  December, 
1911,  a  reduction  of  £488.  Taking  the  revenue,  the  gross  receipts 
for  the  year  showed  an  increase  of  about  £400.  The  traffic 
receipts  were  disappointing,  being  £827  less  than  in  1911. 
but  this  was  mainly  attributable  to  the  very  wet  summer 
they  had  last  year — in  1911  they  had  exceptionally  fine  weather. 
Lighting  and  power  receipts  were  £1,238  in  excess  of  191 1,  which 
was  a  satisfactory  increase,  taking  into  consideration  the  effect  of 
the  extended  use  of  metallic-filament  lamps  and  the  early 
closing  of  shops  on  Wednesdays.  The  expenses  were  heavy, 
being  £2,270  in  excess  of  the  previous  year.  Traction  expenses 
were  lower,  but  there  were  incre.tses  of  £1,250  for  the  power  house, 
£900  lighting,  and  £170  for  general  expenses.  Considerable  repairs 
were  carried  out  on  the  permanent  way,  and  their  expenses  in  this 
connection  would  have  been  lower  had  it  not  been  for  the  Corpora- 
tion deciding  to  wood-pave  certain  of  the  main  streets.  In  order  to 
meet  the  Corporation,  they  relaid  portions  of  the  permanent  way 
which,  in  the  ordinary  way,  would  not  have  been  carried  out  for  a 
few  years.  They  also  renewed  last  year  seven  car  bodies,  making 
15  renewed  out  of  revenue  to  the  end  of  1912.  The  increase  in 
station  exi>ense8  was  mainly  for  coal  and  maintenance  of  plant. 
As  higher  prices  wero  ruling  for  coal,  their  expenses  under  this 
head  were  likely  to  be  heavy  again  this  year.    The  bulk  of  the 


Increase  in  lighting  and  power  expenses  was  for  maintaining  cables. 
In  jreneral  expenses,  they  had  £93  for  the  new  charge  under  the 
National  Insurance  Act,  which  would  cost  the  company  in  future 
about  £200  per  annum. 

Mr.  W.  B.  H.  Martindalk  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report 
was  adopted. 


Constantinople  Telephone  Co. 

The  report  of  the  Soci6t6  Anonyme  Ottomane  des  Telephones  de 
Constantinople  (as  printed  in  the  Financirr)  states  that  unfor- 
tunately the  inception  of  the  company  corre^onded  with  the  out- 
break of  the  war  between  Turkey  and  Italy,  and  for  the  whole 
period  of  the  company's  existence  the  general  conditions  have  been 
so  disturbed  as  to  militate  very  considerably  against  the  progress 
of  the  construction  of  the  company's  plant.  Considering  these 
difficulties,  satisfactory  progress  has  been  made,  although  the  date 
of  the  opening  of  the  service  will  be  later  than  that  originally 
planned.  Intimation  has  been  g-iven  to  the  Turkish  Government 
from  time  to  time  as  the  various  interruptions  of  work  occurred, 
due  to  causes  beyond  the  company's  control.  One  of  the  first 
problems  that  had  to  be  dealt  with  was  that  of  securing  sites  for 
the  three  large  exchange  buildings  at  Stamboul,  Peraar.d  Kadikeuy, 
and  the  company  has  now  purchased  sites  eminently  suitable  to 
the  general  design  of  the  system.  Good  progress  has  been  made 
with  the  buildings,  and  it  is  hoped  that  shortly  the  installation  of 
the  exchange  fnuipments  will  be  begun  by  the  Western  Electric 
Co..  and  the  French  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  who  are  jointly 
responsible  for  this  work.  In  the  early  part  of  1912,  the  company 
made  a  contract  with  the  British  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables, 
Ltd.,  for  building  underground  conduits  and  pole  routes,  and 
supplying  and  laying  the  necessary  cables,  and  notwithstanding 
the  various  delays  which  have  occurred  from  time  to  time,  chiefly 
owing  to  the  war,  a  large  portion  of  this  work  has  been  completed. 
On  December  31st,  1912,  there  were  constructed  84  km.  of  under- 
ground duct,  and  17  km.  of  pole  route  ;  18  km.  of  cable  had  also 
been  installed,  containing  3,600  km.  of  circuit.  Early  in  1912,  the 
general  manager  organised  a  contract  department  for  the  purpose 
of  securing  subscribers,  and  in  spite  of  the  disturbed  business  con- 
ditions at  Constantinople,  orders  had  been  obtained  on  December 
31st  for  2,999  stations.  The  number  of  orders  secured  exceeds  the 
original  expectations  of  the  directors  as  to  the  development  to  that 
date,  and  as  the  work  of  securing  new  orders  still  proceeds  at  a 
satisfactory  rate,  having  regard  to  the  existing  conditions,  it  is 
confidently  anticipated  that  the  business  of  the  company  will  be 
substantially  in  advance  of  preconceived  ideas.  It  will  be  necessary, 
in  the  course  of  a  short  time,  to  issue  further  capital,  and  resolutions 
to  this  effect  will  be  submitted  to  the  shareholders  in  general 
meeting.  The  new  capital,  when  authorised,  will  be  issued  as  and 
when  required  for  construction  purposes.  In  order  to  be  in  a 
position  to  undertake  the  work  should  the  Turkish  Government 
decide  to  establish  telephone  systems  in  other  towns  through  private 
enterprise,  the  board  propose  to  ask  for  powers  for  obtaining  and 
working  telephone  concessions  in  other  parts  of  the  Ottoman 
Empire. 


Metropolitan  Electric  Tramwajs,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December  31st,  1912, 
states  that  the  revenue,  including  £35,000,  the  dividend  and  bonus 
receivable  upon  the  company's  investment  in  the  North  Metro- 
politan Electric  Power  Supply  Co.,  amounted  to  £518,025.  After 
adding  the  balance  brought  forward  from  "1911,  and  deduct- 
ing all  expenses  chargeable  to  revenue,  including  an  addition  of 
£26,780  to  the  reserve  for  reconstruction  and  renewals,  there 
remains  a  balance  of  £57,375  available  for  dividends  and  further 
reserves,  and  the  directors  recommend  that  of  this  there  be 
placed  to  reserve  account,  £10,000  ;  dividend  on  the  preference 
shares  for  the  year,  £25,000  ;  dividend  on  ordinary  shares  at  the 
rate  of  5i  per  cent,  (including  interim  dividend  of  2i  per  cent, 
paid  in  October,  1912),  £21,771  :  leaving  to  be  carried  forward, 
£604. 

The  reduction  of  capital,  resulting  from  the  conversion  of  the  issued  deferred 
shares  into  ordinary  shares  under  the  scheme  confirmed  by  the  shareholders 
last  August,  has  received  the  sanction  of  the  Court.  The  reduction  amounted 
to  £235,612,  and  has  heen  applied  to  writing  rff  preliminary  expenses  (£92,661) 
and  writing  down  cnpital  expenditure  by  i;i42,y,'>0.  £5,:i77  4A  per  cent,  deben- 
ture stock,  and  £2,600  6  per  cent,  debenture  stock  was  bouKht  and  cancelled 
last  year  under  the  provisions  of  the  trust  deeds.  At  December  81  st  last,  the 
issued  debenture  and  sharo  capital  was  :  — 

Debenture  capital— ££65,719  in  •!?.  per  cent,  debenture  stock ;  £247,C00  in 
5  per  cent,  debenture  stock. 

Share  capital  (as  reduced)— £500.000  in  5  per  cent,  cumulative  preference 
shares  nf  £1  each,  fully  paid;  £395,832  In  ordinary  thares  of  £1  each,  fully 
paid  ;  78  !i04  in  new  ordinary  shares  of  £1  each,  fnliy  paid  (resulting  from  the 
conversion  cf  £314,016  deferred  tharcs),  ranking  for  dividend  as  from 
January  1st,  1913,  and  in  all  other  respects  pnrtpastu  with  the  396,832  ordinary 
shares. 

The  directors  regret  to  report  that  the  profit  derivable  from  the 
operation  of  the  tramways  and  light  railways  shows  a  decrease  of 
£24,348.    The  figures  are  as  follows:  — 

1911.  1912. 


Traflio  receipts 
Working  expenses... 


£460.514 
307,294 

£153,250 


£128,902 


This  unsatisfactory  result  is  attributable  to  the  heavier  competi' 
tion  from  motor-omnibuses.  In  order  to  meet  this  increasing  com- 
petition and  to  maintain  the  company's  hold  upon  the  trailic  in 
the  districts  served  by  the  tramways  the- directors  found  it  neces- 
sary  to   augment   the   car   services,    and    while   this    policy    haa 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,819,  May  2,  1913. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIE^V. 


7J55 


enaWod  the  company  to  maintain  itn  rccoiptn,  the  workinif  pxpcriM^n 
art)  hijfher  by  itai.lll.S,  and  the  rcceiptn  pur  car-mile  have  dropped 
from  lOTiUd.  to  '.)'('i:td.  It  Ih  anticipated  that  the  alliance  entered 
into  with  the  London  (ieneral  (linnibuH  (Jo.  at  the  cIohc  of  the 
year  wilj  brin^f  about  the  coordination  of  the  omnibus  and  tram- 
way (iervio(!s  in  the  company's  area  and  a  consequent  improvement 
in  the  (iompany  H  revenue. 

The  piirohane  by  tho  L.0.0.  Of  the  compiny'B  tramway  between  Flnsbury 
Park  and  Manor  Hoiisn  was  completed  In  Aii(?u»l  last,  and  thereupon  the 
ihroiiKli  rimiilnu  arraiiKeinKrUR  rctiirred  to  In  th(i  lant  rpport  oame  Into  opora- 
tlon.  The  natletaotory  rMsiiltH  obtained  from  thu  flmt  through  gervlce  worked 
Jointly  by  tho  Ij.C.C.  aod  Iho  company  have  led  to  a  further  agreement,  under 
t\w  tf-rini  nt  whiiii  IhrciiKli  running  will  bo  exteniled  to  all  routes  of  the 
Council  mill  tlic  coiiiimny  oonvcrglnn  at  Manor  HouBe  Junction. 

Tbo  Hcli.-ni"  loi  thn  oousolltlalioii  of  tlio  noinpany'e  intcredlB  with  thoBn  of 
thf  fjinulon  Inltinl  Tramwayx,  Ltd.,  bocanio  binding  In  Doci'inber  lant.  Tho 
directorn  antloip^tr  that  tho  oon»olldation  of  tlio  Interests  of  the  two  tramway 
ooMipanlcis  will  clToct  substantial  eoonoiiiies  In  administration  and  a  reduction 
of  working  expcnsee  generally. 

The  company  is  promoting  a  Bill  in  the  present  session  of  Parliamont  to 
authorise  the  installation  of  tho  raillesB  traction  system  over  a  route  connect- 
ing the  company's  tramways  in  Wood  (Ireen  and  Tottenham  with  the  light 
railways  belonging  to  the  Walthamstow  Urban  District  Council.  The  new 
system  will,  If  sanctioned  by  Parliament,  take  tho  place  of  the  light  railway 
authorised  by  the  Tottenham-Walthamstow  Light  Hallways  Order,  190C,  and 
will  also  open  up  a  new  area  which  at  present  is  not  served  by  the  company's 
system. 

The  board  of  the  North  Metropolitan  Klectric  Power  Supply  Co., 
in  which  the  company  holds  ;50,000  fully  paid  and  10,000  £5  paid 
ordinary  shares  of  £10  each,  have  declared  a  G  per  cent,  dividend 
upon  the  ordinary  share  capital,  tofjether  with  a  bonus  at  the  rate 
of  Ms.  per  fully-paid  share.  The  power  supply  business  continues 
to  show  a  satisfactory  expansion  ;  the  total  nnmber  of  units  sold 
during  1!i1l'  amounted-  to  2i),2:U,0'.»U,  an  increase  of  10  5  per  cent, 
over  the  fipfure  for  the  preceding-  year.  A  supply  of  electrical 
energ-y  has  been  commenced  in  the  district  of  Hadley,  and  durinpr 
the  present  year  arrang-ements  are  to  be  made  for  supplyiner  the 
East  Barnet  area.  The  North  Metropolitan  Electrical  Power  Dis- 
tribution Co.,  Ltd.,  which  takes  electrical  enerpry  in  bulk  from  the 
power  supply  company  in  Barnet,  Enfield,  Hertford  and  St.  Albans, 
has  had  a  successful  year,  and  has  paid  (!  per  cent,  upon  its 
ordinary  share  capital,  the  whole  of  which  is  held  by  the  power 
supply  company. 

1911.  1912. 

Mileage  open  (at  December  81st) 66'7.'J0  56-250 

Passengers  carried 89,908,677  91,508,693 

Car  milea  run 10,433,113  11,482,870 

Average  receipts  per  car-mile       10  59d.  9  63d. 

Average  receipts  per  passenger l'23d.  l'21d. 

Number  of  oara  in  stock  (at  December  Slst)     . ,  293  312 


The  annual  meeting:  was  held  on  Aoril  23rd  at  Electrical  Federa- 
tion Offices,  Kingsway,  W.C,  Mr.  E.  Garcke  presiding-. 

The  CHAiRM.iN,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  above  report, 
said  that  the  year  had  been  a  very  eventful  one  in  the  history  of 
the  company.  The  five  chief  events  had  been,  first,  the  coal  and  the 
transport  workers'  strikes  ;  secondly,  the  conversion  of  the  deferred 
shares  of  the  company  into  ordinary  shares  ;  third,  the  motor- 
omnibus  competition  which  they  had  had  to  meet ;  fourth,  the 
arrangement  made  with  the  Underground  Railway  Co.  of  London, 
which  effected  an  amalgamation  of  the  Metropolitan  Co,  with  the 
London  United  Tramways  Co.,  and  secured  a  working-  arrangement 
with  the  L.G.O.  Co.  :  and  fifthly,  the  question  of  the  through  running 
of  tramcars  from  and  to  their  system  to  and  from  the  L  C.C.  tramway 
system.  The  mere  enumeration  of  those  heads  would  convince  them 
that  the  directors  had  had  a  very  busy  time  with  the  affairs  of 
the  company  during  the  past  year,  for  they  would  see  that  the  con- 
dition of  affairs  had  been  quite  abnormal.  The  whole  work,  how- 
ever, had  been  immensely  interesting,  because  the  situation  bad 
been  exceptionally  difficult,  and  they  were  especially  grateful  to  the 
shareholders  for  the  support  they  had  given  to  the  proposals  which 
the  board  felt  it  their  duty  to  make.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
directors  were  able  to  congratulate  the  shareholders  on  having 
acted  upon  their  advice.  There  could  be  no  doubt  about  it  that,  if 
the  shareholders  and  the  board  had  not  acted  unitedly  in  those 
various  delicate  and  difficult  negotiations,  the  company  would  not 
have  come  out  of  the  crisis  as  well  as  it  had.  They  had  reduced 
the  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  from  6  per  cent,  to  .tJ  per 
cent.,  but  he  might  now  confess  that  that  result  was  better  than  he 
expected,  in  view  of  the  competition  between  the  motor-omnibuses. 
They  would  be  struck,  in  the  revenue  account,  by  the  similarity 
between  the  traflSc  receipts  for  the  two  years — they  were  £^G0,.500  in 
each  year.  Although  they  obtained  the  same  receipts  in  the  two  years, 
last  year  they  carried  more  passengers  and  ran  more  car-miles  ; 
that  was  to  say,  they  took  less  money  per  car-mile,  and  received  less 
per  passenger  ;  in  other  words,  they  had  to  do  more,  work  and  get 
less  profit.  They  had  to  do  that  in  order  to  maintain  their  hold  on 
the  traffic.  Last  year  power  and  running  expenses  were  £18,500 
higher,  and  maintenance  and  renewals  were  £8,000  more.  He  was 
pleased  to  say,  however,  that  insurance  was  £3,000  less,  and  that 
economies  had  been  effected  in  other  directions,  but  the  fact 
remained  that  it  had  cost  them  about  £24,000  more  to  earn  the 
same  income  on  their  tramways  as  in  the  preceding  year.  That 
unfortunate  feature  was  due  almost  entirely  to  the  motor- 
omnibus  competition.  If  it  had  not  been  for  the  improved  divi- 
dend they  had  received  from  the  Electric  Power  Co.,  and  to  the 
fortunate  circumstance  that  they  were  able  to  collect  under  the 
head  of  sundry  receipts  some  profits  which  had  accumulated,  the 
payment  of  an  ordinary  dividend  of  .">■!  per  cent,  would  have  been 
out  of  the  question.  He  thought  the  directors  were  entitled  to 
take  credit  for  foresight  and  prompt  action  in  regard  to  the  situa- 
tion in  which  the  company  found  itself  when  confronted  with 
increasing  motor-omnibus  competition.  At  a  relatively  early  stage 
they  decided  to  provide  motor-omnibuses  of  their  own,  so  as  to 
meet  competition  by  competition  of  the  same  kind.     The  result  was 


quiti!  (iffectivf,  uikI  at  t.h..  Hpetial  mrvim^r  lii.U  \ iniinA^-r  be 
explained  the  courne  of  eventn  whioh  ha<l  taken  p\hi:>:,  and  which 
had  rcnulted  in  the  formation  of  the  London  and  .Muburban  Traction 
Co.,  nit  an  to  entabliMh  a  unify  of  interoat*  fjetwcen  the  Cnderif round 
Railway  Co.,  the  London  (Jenoral  Omnibun  Co.,  the  M.KT.  Co.  and 
the  London  Lniteil  Tramway  Co.  An  i.nftortant  d<v«.Iopment  bji 
affecting  the  travelling  public  had  tx.'cn  the  arranifrrment  made 
with  the  L,C.C.  for  the  running  of  through  eara.  They  nn^i'-ipntcd 
that  before  many   monthn    were  over  through   runn  •  u, 

eHtaVilished  on  all  the  rout^H converging  at  the  .Manor  i  p 

through  running  arrangrinontH,  unfortunately,  invoi  ,il 

capital  expenditure,  for  they  had  to  (fqnip  their  carx  for  Ui«  .jonduit 
BysteiM.  The  capital  t'.xpenditure  had  bet-niiH  much  aK£  I  ll,<)f)0.  Of  this 
amount  £2.''»,t;0o  had  been  spent  on  additionH  to  and  improve- 
ments of  their  rolling  stock,  and  about  £76.000  ha/i  been  inve»te<l 
in  debenture  stock  of  the  M.E.T.  Co.,  and  in  preference  shares 
of  the  London  t'nited  Tramways,  now  exchanged  into  iiharea 
of  the  London  and  Suburban  Traction  Co.  All  the  formalities 
were  now  nearly  completed,  and  they  hoped  very  soon  Ut  have 
the  shares  and  the  debentures  of  the  new  company  officially 
quoted  on  the  Stock  l-;xchange.  Ah  to  the  pro«pe<;tB  of  the  new 
company  making  nullicient  profits  to  maintain  and  improve  tho 
dividend  which  the  shareholders  had  received  in  the  past,  sufficient 
time  had  not  elapsed  since  the  formation  of  the  new  company 
to  enable  him  to  say  very  much  more  than  he  said  at  the  upecial 
meeting  last  December.  He  could,  however,  assure  them  that  the 
prospects  were  good,  although  he  feared  they  woulii  take  some- 
what longer  to  realise  than  they  had  anticipated,  'j'he  negotia- 
tions which  were  proceeding  with  a  view  to  the  reduction  of  the 
competition  between  motor-omnibuses  and  tramways  and  for  the 
co-ordination  of  the  general  traffic  facilities  were  very  complex 
and  diflicult,  and  while  all  the  parties  concerned  were  apparently 
doing  their  utmost  to  bring  about  less  competitive  conditions, 
the  protection  of  the  respective  interests  refjuired  a  careful  study 
of  the  facts  and  figures  before  they  came  to  decisions  which  might 
have  far-reaching  consequences.  The  profits  of  the  London  and 
Suburban  Traction  Co.,  to  which  most  of  them  were  now  looking 
for  their  dividends,  were  dependent  upon  the  earnings  of  the 
London  United  Tramways  and  tbeM.E  T.  Tramways  and  Light  Rail- 
ways, on  the  North  Metropolitan  Eiectric  Power  Supply  and  Distribu- 
tion Co.'s,  and  last,  but  not  least,  upon  the  working  of  the  350  motor- 
omnibuses  belonging  to  the  M.E.T.  Co,,  and  an  interest  in  22 
further  motor-omnibuses  owned  by  the  Gearless  .Motor  Omnibus  Co. 
One  important  outcome  of  the  amalgamation  of  interests  was  that 
the  M.E.T.  omnibuses,  as  they  were  put  into  service,  took  their  place 
in  the  general  omnibus  system  of  London  without  any  competition 
or  hostility.  Unfortunately  it  took  a  good  deal  of  time  to  get 
those  'buses  delivered  and  put  into  service.  So  far  thfv  had  only 
succeeded  in  getting  100,  but  more  were  being  delivered  "and  passed 
by  the  police  every  week,  and  in  the  course  of  this  year  they  hoped 
to  have  a  very  substantial  addition  to  the  fleet.  It  would  be 
obvious  that  the  revenue  this  year  from  that  source  would  not  be 
so  much  as  it  would  be  in  subsequent  years.  The  remaining  profita 
of  the  London  and  Suburban  Co.  would  be  derived  from  invest- 
ments in  the  Electric  Power  Supply  and  Distribution  Co.'s,  and  those 
profits  should  be  not  only  progressive,  but  they  appeared  to  be 
assured.  He  could  not  speak  of  the  future  prospects  by  mention- 
ing figures — those  of  them  who  had  converted  their  holdings  into 
shares  of  the  London  and  Suburban  Co.  would,  in  due  time,  be 
informed  of  the  position  and  prospects — but  having  presided  for 
11  consecutive  years  over  those  meetings,  he  cmld  not  say  good-bye 
to  the  shareholders  without  expressing  the  conviction  that  they  did 
the  right  thing  to  form  the  new  company  and  amalgamate  the 
various  interests,  and  that  those  shareholders  who  made  the 
exchange  would  not  have  cause  to  regret  their  action. 

Sir  Ebnest  Spencer  seconded  the  resolution,  and  the  report 
was  adopted. 


Willans  <.V:  Robinson,  Ltd.  and  Reduced. 

The  directors  have  issued  their  accounts  for  the  half-year  ended 
December  Slst,  1912,  showing,  after  allowing  .£3.2i).")  for  deprecia- 
tion, £5,170  for  debenture  interest,  and  £372  for  the  upkeep  of  the 
Queen's  Ferry  Works,  a  profit  of  £154.  This  improved  trading 
result  is  mainly  due  to  the  increased  volume  of  work  referred  to  in 
the  last  report.  During  the  opening  months  of  the  present  year  a 
large  volume  of  further  orders  has  been  obtained  and  at  somewhat 
better  prices,  a  result  largely  attributable  to  the  improved  position 
of  the  company  in  anticipation  of  the  rearrangement  of  capital  and 
its  attendant  advantages.  The  directors  therefore  have  every 
reason  for  hoping  that  the  improving  tendency  as  shown  by  the 
half-year's  accounts  will  be  maintained  and  augmented.  The 
revised  articles  of  association,  as  approved  by  the  shareholders  at  the 
January  meetings,  were  confirmed  by  the  High  Court  on  the 
4th  ult.,  and  took  effect  from  that  date. 

The  meeting  is  called  for  May  6th  at  Cannon  Street  Hotel,  E.C. 
The  directors  are  raising  additional  preference  capital,  to  which 
existing  shareholders  are  entitled  first  to  subscribe. 


River  Plate  Electricity  Co. — The  net  revenue  for  the 

year  1912  amounted,  says  the  Timt.\,  to  £41. K."),  as  against 
-t 37,200  ;  the  dividend  on  the  ordinary  stock  is  lii  p*>r  cent.,  the 
same  as  for  1011  :  -t  16,000  is  again  placed  to  general  referve  ; 
£30,000  of  the  premium  received  on  the  i-^sue  of  ordinary  shares  is 
also  carried  to  general  reserve,  making  that  fund  <1 45.000;  and 
£10,416,  as  against  £7,659,  is  carried  forward. 


■IMiaaiaiaafiBite 


736 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,849,  Mat  2,  1913. 


Johnson  &.  Phillips,  Ltd. 

The  eig'hth  annual  general  meeting  was  held  on  Thursday  last 
week  at  Winchester  House,  B  C,  Mr.  Robert  W.  Blackwell 
presidiner, 

The  Chairman,  in  proposinpr  the  adoption  of  the  report 
(see  Electric.\l  Review,  page  054),  said  that  the  accounts 
were  a  distinct  improvement  upon  those  of  the  past  four 
years.  The  pross  profit  for  i;'12  amounted  to  £28,324,  an  advance 
of  iE9,924  over  the  figures  for  1911.  The  sum  of  £(!,000  had  been 
first  charged  to  revenue  for  maintenance  of  buildinps  and  plant — 
that  being  the  same  as  was  taken  in  I'.ill,  but  a  considerable  in- 
crease over  the  amounts  apportioned  under  this  head  during  the 
previous  years  of  the  company's  existence.  Adding  to  the  profit 
the  balance  brought  forward  from  last  year,  they  had  to  deal  with 
a  total  of  £29.357.  From  that  they  had  to  deduct  directors', 
trustees'  and  auditors'  fees  and  the  £13,000  which  they  were 
required  to  derote  annually  to  the  service  of  the  first  debenture 
debt,  which  two  items  were  as  usual.  Interest  on  the  second 
debentures  was  somewhat  higher  than  last  year,  as  the  total  issue 
of  £50,000  had  now  been  outstanding  for  a  considerable  period. 
There  was  also  the  cost  of  issuing  the  £50,000  of  second  deben- 
tures, £2,006,  which  represented  the  difference  between  the  face 
value  of  the  issue  and  the  net  result  to  the  company  therefrom. 
They  had  allotted  £2,500  more  to  depreciation  on  machinery 
and  plant  than  last  year,  and  they  had  written  £1,30() 
off  patents,  licences,  fee,  which  reduced  that  item  to 
£10,000.  a  most  reasonable  figure.  After  those  payments  there 
remained  a  balance  to  carry  forward  of  £3,315.  While  he  freely 
admitted  that  the  report  was  by  no  means  all  that  the  shareholders 
might  properly  desire,  he  would  say  that  in  his  humble  opinion 
the  property  of  the  company  was  steadily  improving  in  value, 
and  its  business  was  regularly  increasing  along  safe  and  con- 
servative lines.  The  turnover  had  somewhat  increased,  and  it  was 
satisfactory  that  the  improvement  had  been  shared  by  every 
department  of  the  works.  So  far  as  the  pre^nt  year  was  con- 
cerned they  had  got  good  orders,  and  their  shops  were  running 
fairly  full.  The  sundry  creditors  and  bills  payable  at  the  date 
of  the  balance-sheet  amounted  to  £84,299,  while  there  was  owed 
to  them  £125,931.  The  stocks  and  work  in  progress  figured  at 
£135,3(12,  and  they  had  £15,3i)7  cash  in  hand.  The  stocktaking 
had  been  done  on  thoroughly  safe  lines.  During  the  year  they 
had  added  £3,077  to  the  capital  account,  as  against  £9,000  in 
1911,  which  represented  certain  new  machinery.  Moreover  they 
had  done  a  great  deal  during  the  year  to  bring  the  works  into 
a  more  up-to-date  condition.  The  present  state  of  affairs  showed 
that  they  were  on  the  way  towards  better  things,  but  naturally 
they  must  husband  their  resources  and  build  up  for  the  company 
a  strong  financial  position. 

Mr.  T.  Desce  seconded  the  motion. 

Replying  to  a  Shaeehot.dee,  the  Chairman  said  it  was  a 
little  difficult  to  explain  shortly  just  why  the  company  fell  into 
more  or  leas  bad  days.  At  the  time  the  company  was  floated 
trade  went  very  badly  for  about  three  or  four  years,  and  all 
similar  companies  had  very  troublesome  times  except  those 
who  had  at  their  command  a  large  amount  of  practi- 
cally liquid  capital.  As  a  consequence  of  their  not  having 
sufficient  capital,  the  business  fell  off.  They  also  had  to 
remember  that  very  large  sums  of  money  had  been  invested  by 
many  individuals  in  the  cable  trade  in  the  equipment  of  manu- 
facturing plants  of  the  very  greatest  possible  efficiency,  and  they 
were  able  to  meet  those  bad  times  with  the  assistance  of  the  good 
times  they  had  previously  fnjojed.  Johnsjn  A:  Phillips  had  to 
struggle  through  as  best  they  could.  All  along  they  had  been 
greatly  handicapped  by  the  conditions  under  which  the  first 
debentures  were  placed — the  £13,000  per  annum  which  they  had  to 
place  at  the  service  of  the  first  debenture  debt  had  always  been  a 
load  upon  the  company.  The  directors  had  to  face  the  fact  that 
they  must  build  up  the  company  out  of  its  own  resources,  and  they 
had  been  struggling  for  some  years  past,  and  not  without  success, 
to  bring  the  whole  plant  of  the  concern  up  to  where  it  should  be, 
and  to  conserve  such  an  amount  of  money  as  would  strengthen  its 
position,  and  enable  it  to  meet  competition  successfully. 

The  report  was  then  adopted. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tuesday  Evening, 
DlSHEABTENlNG  and  disappointing  are  two  of  the  terms  which 
were  heard  most  frequently  in  the  Stock  Exchange  this  week,  in 
connection  with  the  latest  developments  abroad.  It  had  been 
really  thought  that  the  situation  admitted  of  peaceful  solution, 
and  certainly  nobody  was  prepared  for  King  Nicholas  and  Essad 
Paeha  to  go  log-rolling  ae  they  have  done.  The  immediate  result 
was  to  lower  prices  practically  all  round  the  Stock  Exchange, 
rather  from  protective  purposes  than  on  account  of  any  rush  to 
sell.  Austria's  action  precipitated  a  slump  on  this  (Tuesday) 
afternoon,  and  the  House,  at  the  time  of  writing,  is  very  doleful. 

The  Home  Railway  market  felt  the  full  force  of  the  imbroglio, 
which  it  was  ill  prepared  to  stand,  because  of  a  bull  account  that 
had  been  reared  in  certain  of  the  speculative  issues.  Prices 
promptly  turned  tail.  Metropolitans  fell  I,  and  so  did  Districts, 
these  two  escaping  comparatively  I'ghtly  in  the  »ia!aisi' :  while 
the  Central  London  Ordinary  and  Deferred  stocks  both  braced  up. 
though  the  improvements,  of  course,  came  before  the  foreign 
political  news  grew  grave.  The  firmness  continues  amongst  prior 
charge  stocks.  District  Debenture  at  139  is  a  point  up,  and  various 
other  f>mall  rises— scarcely  sufficient  to  be  marked  in  the  nominal 
quotations — have  occurred. 


The  accident  last  Saturday  morning  on  the  District,  whereby 
traffic  was  badly  impeded  for  several  of  the  busiest  hours  of  the 
day,  gave  rise  to  speculations  as  to  what  would  happen  if  anything 
similar  happened  to  one  of  the  Tube  lines,  where  there  is  less  room 
to  move  than  there  is  even  on  the  District  Railway.  Metropolitan 
Electric  Tramway  shares  are  }:.  down  ;  but  no  further  falls  have 
occurred  in  British  Electric  Traction  issues. 

The  news  from  Meixco  is  read  as  being  somewhat  alarming,  and 
most  of  the  stocks  and  shares  connected  with  that  country  have 
given  way  during  the  past  few  days.  Nervousness  is  not  mitigated 
by  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  authentic  information  with  regard  to 
what  is  actually  going  on.  Mexico  Tramway  Seconds  have  given 
way,  and  the  Common  shares  fell  li.  Mexican  Electric  Light 
bonds  fell  1 ,  and  Mexican  Light  and  Power  Common  shed  :{.  The 
Company's  bonds,  with  Monterey  5"s,  weakened  a  little.  The  stocks 
of  nearly  all  the  railway  companies  operating  in  Mexico  have  been 
offered  with  liberality.  At  the  same  time,  it  is  stated  in  some 
quarters  that  the  disturbances  in  Mexico  are  being  fomented  for 
reasons  not  entirely  disconnected  from  finance  ;  but  any  irrespon- 
sible rumour  about  Mexico  does  duty  nowadays  to  affect  the 
markets  in  Mexican  securities. 

Most  of  the  few  changes  which  have  occurred  this  week  amongst 
foreign  railway  and  tramway  issues  are  due  to  the  marking  of  the 
prices  cc-dividend.  Brazil  Tractions,  for  instance,  are  (vlj,  but 
are  2  points  lower  in  addition.  British  Columbia  Deferred  is  ex  4, 
Columbo  bonds  2i,  and  so  forth,  allowing  for  which,  the  real 
changes  are  insignificant.  Rio  Tramways  bonds  and  Sao  Paulos 
are  both  being  bought  for  investment.  The  Anglo-Argentine 
division  keeps  steady,  apart  from  a  decline  of  ^  in  the  Company's 
Second  Preference  shares.  Northern  Light  and  Power  bonds  have 
been  marked  up  5  to  20. 

Amongst  English  Electricity  Supply  prices  the  principal  changes 
are  confined  to  {.  County  Preference  gained  this  fraction,  which 
was  lost,  however,  by  Charing  Cross  Preference  and  Kensington 
and  Knightsbridge  Ordinary.  County  First  Debenture  regained 
its  small  fall  of  last  week,  and  Metropolitan  First  Debenture  stock 
rose  1,  though  the  Seconds  lost  a  like  amount.  The  market  in  the 
shares  is  extremely  quiet. 

Advance  particulars  were  circulated  early  in  the  week  of  a  forth- 
coming issue  of  .i:  700,000  5  per  cent.  Consolidated  Debenture  stock 
by  the  Consolidated  Gas,  Electric  Light  and  Power  Company,  of 
Baltimore,  at  the  price  of  96.  Underwriters  were  offered  2i  per 
cent.,  and  there  was  a  rush  on  their  part  to  take  advantage  of  it. 
The  prospectus  showed  last  year's  profits  to  have  covered  the 
Debenture  interest  10  times  over. 

The  Telegraph  market  is  quiet,  with  small  falls  in  Amazons, 
Direct  United  Cable.  Indo-Europeans,  and  West  India  and  Panama 
Ordinary,  though  the  Second  Preference  shares  of  the  last-named 
are  i  up  at  lOJ.  Cuba  Ordinary  rose  J  on  the  dividend  declaration. 
American  Telephone  stock  at  133  is  again  easier,  in  sympathy  with 
the  depression  prevailing  in  the  American  railroad  market,  which, 
so  far,  has  little  for  which  to  thank  the  advent  of  the  new  Presi- 
dent. Indo-Europeans  went  back  to  60,  although  the  report  is  a 
good  one.  The  company  is  experimenting  with  a  new  wireless 
system. 

National  Telephone  Deferred  stock  fell  to  17J,  but  hardened  to 
20i  upon  the  publication  of  the  figures  showing  how  much  money 
will  be  left  over  for  division  amongst  proprietors  of  this  stock. 
Marconis,  after  active  passages,  settled  down  to  the  neighbour- 
hood of  4  i,  the  market  being  a  dullish  one.  Sellers  came  in  of 
Canadians  and  Americans.  Marconi  Preference  fell  i.  Oriental 
Telephones  are  firm  upon  a  satisfactory  report.  The  Constanti- 
nople Telephone  Company,  according  to  its  report,  is  getting  along 
as  well  as  can  be  expected,  all  things  considered.  The  £5  Prefer- 
ence shares  are  quoted  at  4i  middle. 

Babcock  i:  Wiicocx  Ordinary  are  <v  Is.  '.'d.  dividend,  allowing  for 
which  the  shares  show  a  rise  of  a  few  pence.  Callenders  rose  i, 
but  Henleys  Preference  at  4  J  di.splay  a  small  fall.  The  principal 
rise  in  this  department  has  been  secured  by  India-Rubber  shares, 
which  spurted  to  11}.  British  Westinghouse  Debenture  etock  rose 
1  on  the  publication  of  the  report  for  the  year  1912.  Castner- 
Kellners  have  hardened  to  3^6  on  substantial  support  from  the 
provinces.  The  rubber  share  market  is  dull,  the  heavy  supply  of 
the  raw  stuff  every  fortnight  at  Mincing  Lane  being  the  main 
reason  for  the  depression. 


Stock     Exchanjre     Notices.  —  The     Committee    have 

appointed  special  settling  days  as  under  : — 

Thursday,  May  16th.— Water  Softeners  (France),  Ltd.— 25,000  Tendors'  shares 
ot  .£1  each,  fully  paid  (Nos.  65,001  to  78,250). 

Water  Softeners,  Ltd.— 120,000  vendors'  shares  of  £1  each,  fully  paid  (Nos. 
62,501  to  182,.'j00) ;  and  a  further  issue  of  17,500  shares  of  £1  each,  fully  paid  (Nos. 
182,601  to  200,000). 

And  ordered  the  undermentioned  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official 
List:  — 

British  Columbia  Electric  Railway  Co.,  Ltd.— P'urther  issue  of  £750,000  4J  per 
cent,  perpetual  coneolidated  debenture  stock. 

Eastern  Extension,  Australasia  and  China  Telegrraph 

Co.,  Ltd.-  The  directors  announce  a  dividend  for  the  quarter 
ended  December  31st  of  28.  6d.  per  share,  together  with  a  bonus  of 
4  s.  per  share  (or  2  per  cent.),  free  of  tax,  making  a  total  distribution 
of  7  percent,  for  1912. 

Craiicpark  Electric   Cable   Co,,  Ltd.— Net  profit  for 

year  ended  March,  1913,  £7,437.  A  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  is  to  be 
paid  on  the  ordinary  shares, 


Vol.  7a.    No.  I,Hi;i,  May  2,  lUi:t.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


787 


BHARE     LIST     OF     ELXOTRIOAL     OOMPANIZB. 


EN6LI8H    ELECTRICITY   8UFPLT   AND  POWEB   C0MPAME8. 


Bonrnemonth  ft  Poole,  Ord,    .. 

Do.    «i%Pre( 

Do.    Bonond  6  %  Pre(. 

Do.    4i%  Deb.  Btook.. 
Brompton  A  EonBlngton,  Ord... 

Do.    T%Oum.  Pref 

Oenl»l  Eleotrlo  Bupply.  *  %\ 

Quar.  Deb.  I 

OfaBrIng  OroBB,  West  End  &  Olty 

Do.    H  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do,     "  City     Undertaking  " ) 
4i  %  Onm.  Fret.  / 

Do.  Do.  4%  Deb 

OhelseK,  Ord 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Olty  ol  London,  Ord 

Do,    6  %Oum.  Prel 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Do,    4)  %  Second  Deb. 
Ooonty  of  London,  Ord 

Do,    8%  Pref 

Do,    4*%Deb 

Do,    4)  %  Second  Deb, 
BdmondBOD'B,  Ord,         .. 

Do,    8%  Cum,  Pref 

Do.    6%  Non-Oum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    4}  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . . 
Foikestone 

Do,    6%  Onm,  Praf 

Do.    4i%  First  Deb 

Hove 


Btoek 

DiTldendh 

Bharo. 

for 

* 

1911. 

1919. 

10 

w 

8 

10 

*h 

10 

8 

8 

stock 

ih 

*h 

6 

10 

10 

6 

T 

T 

100 

4 

i 

S 

6 

6t 

6 

«i 

*i 

6 

*i 

*i 

100 

4 

4 

6 

6 

4t 

Stock 

*i 

<* 

10 

s 

9 

10 

8 

B 

stock 

6 

6 

100 

H 

«* 

10 

« 

6 

10 

8 

8 

Stock 

^ 

Jt 

Stock 

*S 

£3 

Nil 

6 

Nil 

H 

6 

100 

ih 

*ii 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

100 

*4 

ill 

6 

9 

9i 

Oloslng 

RldO 

Preaenl 

Quotatlonil 

+  or 

Yield 

April  '2:1111. 

Fall 

P.O. 

M  n.  a. 

H-  10* 

t  18    6 

B4-    9A 
10  —  lOj 

t  14    9 

6  14     !l 

96  —  98 

4  11  10 

«-    »S 

6    6    8 

H-   H5 

8  18  lU 

gc  —  98 

4     1    8 

4*-     5 
4-    4g 

5    0    0 

4  17    4 

8X-     4i) 

6    2  in 

Hlj-  934 
ti-    5 

4    5    7 

6    0    0 

96  -  99 

4  10  11 

1(1  -  17J 

6    6    H 

12  -  18 

4  10    7 

116  -120 

4    8    4 

100  —102 

4    8    8 

104—  11 

6    9    1 

lia-  12J 

+  ji 

4  19    0 

104  -106 

+  1 

4    5    0 

97  -100  xd 

4  10    0 

A-       ^n 

Nil 

*F« 

1|-    2 

81  —  84 

B    7    2 

44-    6 

6    0    0 

44-    6 

6    0    0 

90  —  92 

4  17  10 

7i-    7J 

6  16    2 

Konilnglon  ft  Knlgbtabrldge,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  Bloc.  Power,  44  %  Deb,  .. 
London  Electric,  Ord 

Do.    8%  Prof 

Do.    4  %  First  Mort.  Deb,    .. 
Metropolitan  

Do.    41%0am.  Pref 

Do,    41  %  Flret  Mort.  Deb.  . . 

Do,    84%  Mort,  Deb 

Midland   Bleotrlc  Corporation  I 

44  %  First  Mort.  Deb,  / 

NawOBBtle-OD-Tyne  6  %  Prof., ) 

NonCam.  J 

Mortb  Metropolitan  Power  Sap- ) 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  / 

Hotting    Bill,   6  %  Non-Cum. ) 

Pref, ; 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord, 

Do,    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Bmitbaord  Markets,  Ord, 
South  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  First  Mort.  Deb,    .. 
Boutb  Metropolitan,  1  %  Pref.. . 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Cam.  Pref 

Do,    44  %  First  Mort,  Deb, . . 
Westminster,  Ord,  .,        ., 

Do.    44%Oam.  Pret 


DlTldenda 
for 


• 

ini. 

B 

9 

Btook 

4 

Stock 

a 

3 

6 

e 

Btook 

4     1 

B 

4 

6 

*i 

Stock 

M 

Stock 

B? 

100 

«4 

6 

B 

100 

B 

10 

6 

6 

•n 

6 

10 

6 

7 

100 

Ut 

6 

2 

4 

6 

100 

6 

1 

T 

100 

£8 

N^ 

6 

9 

100 

¥i 

B 

l(t 

B 

4 

Oloilnc         Bba'PrMtnt 
Qaotalloiu      -f  or     Yield 
Aiiril  2M,.      Fail       P.O. 


71-    7J 

90-98 
78-80 
II-    li 

4j-  H 
91  —  94 

^4'i 

9(t  —101 

82  —  es 

99  -103 
4J-    4i 

974—1004 
91-  10| 

r9 
•>i 
84-87 

I-  a 

21-  84 
97  —100 

94  —  9^ 

ajl    81 

88—86 
84—  9 
6—6] 


-I 


COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN   ELECTRICITY   SUPPLY   AND   POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pret 

Oalontta,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  1st  Mort.  Eds, 
Canadian  Qen,  El.  Com. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and T,,  Ord. 

Do,    6%  Deb, 

BlecLt.andP.  ofCccbabamba, ) 

1  %  Bonds  I 

Bleo.  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  1st ) 

Mort.  Deb.  J 

Bleo.  Dev,  Ontario,  6   %   lBt\ 

Mort.  Bonds  / 

Ealgoorlie  Elec.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 


BjanlnlstlquiBPower,6%  Q.  Bs, 

Madras,  Ord.  

Melbourne,  6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb, 
Mexican  El.  Lt.,  6%  1st  M.  Eds. 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do.    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    E  %  Ist  Mort.  Gold  Bds, 


6 

8 

8 

6 

8* 

7+ 

6 

6 

b 

100 

6 

6 

$100 

7 

7 

$100 

7 

7 

1 

H 

100 

6 

5 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

(500 

6 

6 

10/. 

Nil 

1 

8 

6 

9500 

6 

6 

6 

Nil 

100 

R 

6 

6 

6 

eioo 

« 

41 

$100 

T 

1 

6 

6 

6-61 

6|-    7i 

6  U    8 

6  19    4 

4  17    7 

93  -  95 

5    6     8 

115  —119 

5  17    8 

120  —125 

6  12    0 

a-   i 

6  14    3 

94  -  96 

6    4    2 

93  —  95 

6    6    4 

90  —  93 

5    7    6 

95  -  97 

+  1 

6    3     1 

iV-     fi, 

Nil 

iS-     §SX(3 

8    6    8 

ICO  -102 

-1 

4  18    0 

18-    U 

102  -lOB 

+  i 

4  15     2 

81  -  R4 

—1 

5  19     1 

H  -  77 

-3 

5    3    0 

102  —104  xd 

6  14    7 

91*-  984 

—1 

6    7    0 

Monterey  Bly.  Light  ft  Power, ) 

6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb,  / 

Montreal,  Lt,,  H,  and  Power  .. 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal,  I 

5  %  Ist  Mort.  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cam.  Pref,      . . 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Boy.  Blec.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  > 

1st  Mort.  Deb,  J 

Shawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do,    6  %  Con.  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per.  Deb, 


Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb, 

"  b.,  P.  and  T.,  6  %  1 
Ist  Mort.  Deb.  / 


Vera  Cruz  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  6  < 


Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 

West  Eootenay  Power  and  Lt,,  1 

lat  Mort,  6  %  Qold  J 


100 

B 

6 

$100 

8 

9+ 

$600 

6 

6a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

8 

6 

Do, 

6 

6 

100 

4 

^ 

$100 

6 

B 

$600 

6 

6 

Stock 
Do, 

n 

S 

100 

6 

6 

1 

Hid, 

I7§d. 

100 

6 

8 

82-85 
229  -234  xd 
15  —  25 

217  —227 
105  —110 
100  -103 
100  —102 
1874-1424 
107  —109 
1014-1034 
984—1004 

91  —  94 

u-   n 

lOG  -108 


TELEGRAPH   AND   TELEPHONE   COMPANIES. 


AmsBOn  Telegraph 

Do,    6%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  ft  Teleg.,  Cap, 

Do,    CoUat.  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    Del 

Anglo  -  Portaguese   Tel,,  6  % ) 
Mort,  Deb, ; 
OhlU  Telephone     ...      .. 
Commercial  Cable,  Silg.  4%  Deb. 
Onba  Telegraph 

Do.    10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.    10%  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W,  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Beg.  Deb,  J 
Bastern  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do.    84%  Pref,  Stook.. 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Eastern  Extension  ..        .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  B.   Africa  Tel,   4  %) 
Mt.  Db.  Mauritias  Bab,  I 
Globe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Sreat  Northern  Telegraph       ,. 
Indo-European  Telegraph 
Maokay  Companies  Common  . . 

Do,    4%  Cum.  Pref 

Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    1  %  Cam.  Partlc.  Pref, 


10 

4 

*^+ 

Btook 

6 

6 

$100 

H 

8t 

$1000 

4 

4 

Stook 

8 

B 

Do, 

6 

6 

Do, 

80/- 

100 

6 

6 

6 

7 

8 

Block 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

4t 

6 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

100 

4 

ii 

Stock 

7 

7+ 

Do. 

Bi 

84 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7t 

Stook 

4 

4 

16 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

6 

8 

10 

18 

20 

26 

18 

13 

100 

B 

6 

•100 

4 

4 

1 

20 

1 

17 

(i-    7§ 

-* 

6    2    0 

97  -  99 

6    10 

132  -134 

—1 

6  19    6 

92  -  94 

4    5     1 

65  -  67  xd 

4    9    7 

I10j-1124xd 

6     7    8 

24i-  24 

6     1  10 

994-1014 

4  18    6 

7H-    7JS 

6     I     1 

83*-  854 

+  h 

4  13    7 

8i-    94 

+  * 

6    6    4 

18  -  17 

5  17    8 

^f 

6  6    8 

7  2  10 

64-    7 

-i 

5  14    4 

99  -101 

4    9    0 

13S  —138 

6     16 

17^-  754 

4    8     1 

94  -  96 

4    3    4 

13  -  134 

5   3   a-. 

95  —  97 

4    2    6 

984 -101 A 

8  18  10 

lof-  Hi 

6    6    8 

121-  134 

4  11     4 

SO*-  824  xd 

6    3    1 

ffl  -  61 

-^ 

5    6    7 

83  —  86 

5  16    3 

69  —  72 

5  11    1 

4r'r,-    4f5, 

-rS 

4  16    0 

B§-    Si 

-i 

4  13  10 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord, .. 

Do,    5%  Pref 

New  York  Telep.,  44%  Oen.  Bnds. 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Elec, 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4  %  Red.  Deb 

Paoiflo  and  European  Tel.,  4  % ) 

Quar.  Debs,  j 

Reater's        

Do.    New  Shares 
Submarine  Cables  Trast 
Telephone  Co.  ol  Egypt,  44  %  ) 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do,     4   %  Debs.,  1  to     ,600) 

guar,  by  Braz.  Bab.  Tel,  / 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg, 

Do.    6  %  Cum,  1st  Pref, 

Do.    6  %  Cum,  2nd  Pref, 

Do,    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd. 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg,  Bonds 


1 

6 

6i 

1 

6 

6 

100 

*il 

*tl 

I 

H 

6t 

1 

6 

6 

stook 

4 

« 

Do, 

4 

4 

10 

10 

m 

10 

Cert, 

6 

6 

Stook 

«4 

ii 

6 

8 

6 

6 

6 

Si 

n 

100 

4 

4 

10 
10 

^ 

T 

10 

8 

6 

100 

6 

6 

10 

7 

7t 

stock 

4 

4 

$1000 

4 

a 

^Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shareg  are  fully  paid.  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  wanants. 


i  Interim  Dividend. 


t  8b.  in  Fnnded  Dividend  Ceita, 


CONTINUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


788 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[VoL  72.     No.  1,849,  May  2,  1913 


SHARE    LIST    OF    ELECTRICAL    COMPANIES.— (O'n/invA^.) 

ELECTBIC   BAILWAT8   A5D   TRAMWAIS.— HOMB. 


Bath  TninB,  Pre! .  Old 

Do.    6%  Pre! 

Do.    H%Deb 

Brit.  Elee.  Tno.,  6  %  Pret.     .. 

Do.        Do.  Deferred 

Do.        Do.  6  %  Cam.Pr'f , 

Do.  7%  Non-Cum.  Pr'l. 

Do.  6 1 .  Perp.  Deb,      . . 

Do.  U  %  2na  Deb. 

Caclral  London  BftUwAy,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Det 

Do.    i  %  Deb 

City  &  B.  London,  6  %  Pref.,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1896     .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1908    .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Ooblln  United  Trams,  6  %  Prel. 
Qreat  Northern  i  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Hutln^  Truns,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    «  %  Deb 

Ble  ol  Tbanet  Trami,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Luieubire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Eleo.  Railw'ys,  4  %  Deb. 
London  United  TrainB,  6  %  Prel. 

Do.  4%  Deb 


1 
1 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
10 


100 
100 
100 
10 
100 


mi-iuia, 
au    NU 


Closing 
Qnotations 
April  J9th. 


73  -  78 
SJ-  lOi 

aj-  5j 

84  —  87 
83  —  85 
88i-  92} 
73  —  77  xd 
82-84 
84-^6 
80-  c2 
ffl  — ICl 
100  —109 
100  —103 
98  —101 
96  —  99 
ai  —  93  xd 
UJ-  12; 

669-  715 
2|-    28 

76-80 

78-80 

94  —  96 
4i—     6 

63  —  67 


Rise   Present 
■I-  or     Tleld 
FaU       P.O. 


M  B.  d. 

NU 
«  B  1 

6  15  5 


5  8 

6  17 
:4  15 
:4  13 

:4  17 

3  19 

4  18 
4  18 
4  19 


4  18  0 

Nil 

7  7  8 

6  6  5 

4  15  3 

6  0  0 

6  6  0 

4  8  4 

5  19  6 


HelTopoUlui  lUUway  Oomol. . . 

Do.    Bnrplne  Lands    . . 

Do,    Bi%  Deb 

Do,    B{%Pre( 

Do.    84%  Con.  Pref 

Hetropolitan  Dislriol  Ord, 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4%PrlorUen    ., 

Do.    4i  %  First  Pref 

Do,    B|%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Bonth  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground     Eleo,    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cum.  Inc.  Deb 

Do,    4i  %  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 


100 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


1 

100 
100 

1 
1 

100 

1 

100 
10 

1/- 

100 
100 
100 
B 
6 
100 


Closing 

Rise 

Quotations 

+  or 

April  2Sth. 

FaU 

61i-  61J 

—1 

62-64 

,, 

86  —  67 

82-84 

80-83 

38J—  89i 

-I 

138  -140 

+  1 

94  —  96 

., 

96  —  98  xd 

85-87 

., 

75-77 

rr" 

-A 

87  -  91 

9U-  9ik 

t^it 

81-87 

6^,^ 

•• 

44-    *l 

ll^-„,« 

97-99 

93-93 

-i 

8^=3* 

81  —  85 

ELECTRICAL    BAILWAT8    AND    TBAMWATS.-COLONLAL   AND   FOBEION. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  Isl  Prel,     . . 

Do.    Snd  Pref 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do.    B%Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Eleo.  8,  A  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6  %2na  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  ) 

Power  / 

Bdsbane  Trams  iDTt.,  Ord.     .. 

X>o.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B.  Colombia  Elec.  Rly.,  Del.    .. 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do.    5  %  Pref 

Do.    4i  %  let  Mort,  Deb.      .. 

Do,    44  %  Vancoaver  Deb,    .. 

Do.    4i%Con.  Deb 

Oalootta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    B%Pref, 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

Qty  Bnenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr,  A  Lt.,  S  %  Deb, 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Ealgoorlle  Elec.  Trams  .. 

Do,    E%ADeb 

Do.    B%BDeb 


B 
6 

§1 

n 

100 

4 

4 

100 

4 

«4 

100 

6 

5 

100 

6 

5 

10 

6 

6 

100 

H 

4 

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100 

1 

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4 

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1     100 

4 

4 

1     100 

E 

E 

'tiooo 

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E 

1 

Nil 

100 

E 

E 

100 

6 

8 

4A-  4f I 
90i—  924 
S9  -101 
99  —101 
101  —103 
103—  Hi 

96  -  98 

97  —  99 
964— 98Axd 

100  —103 
81  1  131  —134  xd 
1134— 116i 
103  —106 
100  —103 
100  —102 
95-97 
54—    Oxd 

974—1004 

m-  844  xd 
97  —101 

A-     A 


6    8    7 

-A 

6  14    3 

4    6    6 

4    9    1! 

4  19    0 

4  17    1 

5    4     4 

4  11  10 

5     10 

-2 

6    1  10 

E    5    0   1 

4  15    S 

4    7    5   1 

j 
1 

i 

• 

6  19     5   i 
6    3    0 
4  14     4 
4     7    6 

4     8    8     1 
4     7    8     1 
6  16    8 
4  17    7 
4    9    7 

4  io   0 

4    0  10 
6    5  10 
4  19    0 

Nil       1 
6  18    8 

La  Plata  Eleo.  Trms,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb,  .. 
Man&OB  Trams  &  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.  and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    6en.  Con.  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Eleo.  Rlys.  ik  Lt.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  let  Deb 

Perth  (W. A.)  Elec.  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%lBt.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Sap.,  Pref. .. 

Do.    44%lBtDeb 

Rlode  Janeiro  Trams,  letMort. ) 
6  %  Bonds  I 

Do.    E%Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Paulo  Tram,   Lt.  and  P. ) 
E  %  let  Deb,  / 
Singapore  Trams,  5  %  Deb. 
Southern  El.  Tr.  B.A„  6  %  Deb, 
Un.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    6%  let  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo,  Rly.,  44  %  Deb. 


1 

Nil 

.J 

1 

1 

6t 

1 

100 

100 

100 

tiooo 

1100 

7t 

100 

E 

10 

10 

E 

100 

1        1 

64 

100 

6 

100 

44 

44 

100 

$600 

100 

100 

E 

61 

E 

B 

100 

6 

E 

100 

H 

44 

r  1 

1-  li 

92-97 

lOi  —105 

87  —  90 

97  —100 

1074-1094 

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924—  944 

974-  9!"* 

-4 

7  -    7J 

994-1014 

lA-  Hi 

105  -108 

6i-    5i 

97-99 

1015 -102  J 

+  h 

95J-  963 

+  i 

1004-1034 

+  i 

884-874 

96-98 

4i  -    5S 

-4 

4:-    6J 

95   -  984  xd 

99  —103 

MANUFACTUBINe  COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Prel 

Baboock  f  WUooz 

Do.    Pref 

British  Alnminitmi,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  8tk 

B.I.  ft  Helsby  Cable*      .. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Deb 

Brlbsb  Thomson- Houston,  Deb. 
British  WesKingbouse,  Pref,    .. 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien    . . 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do.    Pref.  

Brush,  7%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     . . 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb, 
CaUender's  Cable 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Deb 

Uastoar-Kellner 

Do.    Deb 


1 

R 

1 

1 

6 

^ 

1 

98 

16 

1 

6 

R 

1 

NU 

1 

Nil 

6 

100 

E 

6     1 

1    100 

E 

6 

6 

10 

1(1 

!       S 

6 

6 

'     100 

*i 

*i  ' 

100 

^ 

44 ; 

8 

Nii 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

B 

1 

a 

Nil 

Nil 

100 

E 

E 

1   100 
100 

n 

n 

i        E 

vT 

m 

E 

E 

E 

'     100 

44 

44 

1 

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20 

100 

44 

44 

74—    8 

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103  —104 

96-98 

.^  J 
63-67 

98  —101 

a/--8/- 

4/8-6;. 

0-  i 
73  —  78 
88  —  48 
25  —  29 
Hi—  12 

4|-  6J 
98  —101 

e«-   4 

103  —106 


8    0    0 

7    2    3 

,, 

4  18    6 

4    8    6 

5  17    2 

6    4    2 

6  14  11 

-i 

6    5    0 
4  16    0 
4    6    7 
4  11  10 
Nil 

4-  1 

5  I!)    5 
E  18  10 

Nil 
NU 
Nil 

6  8    3 
10    9    4 
IC  13    4 

1 

+  A 

6    6    0 
4  17    7 
4    9    I 

+  A 

6    0    0 
4    4  11 

CromptOD  *  Oo,    ..       .. 

Do.    Dab 

Dlok,  Kerr 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Bdison  A  Swan,  A,  18  paid 

Do.    fully  paid  .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Do.    6  %  Second  Deb, 
Electric  Construction    .. 

Do,    Pref 

Qreenwood  ft  Batley,  Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

General  Electrio,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

1  Henley'e.Ord 

Do,    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

India-Rubber,  Q.  ft  T.    . . 

Do.    Pref 

Telegraph  Construction.. 

Do.    Deb 

WiUane  ft  Robinson 

Do.    Pref. 

Do.    Deb 


8 

HU 

100 

6 

B 

1 

K 

Nil 

1 

B 

A 

100 
6 

N*fi 

44 

6 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

100 

E 

fi 

a 

34 

83 

s 

T 

7 

10 

1 

1 

100 

B 

6 

10 

B 

« 

100 

4 

4 

B 

16 

15 

B 

too 

S 

n 

10 

ih 

10 

B 

E 

u 

"4 

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100 

4 

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1 

Nil 

B 

NU 

100 

< 

i 

»-   I 

66  —  B7 

9P1I 

6'^=i 

61  —  66 
70  —  73 


74-  8 
93-94 

10  —  1(^ 
88-93 
124-  1S8 

41-  6 
101  -108 

11  —  12 
9  —  10 

30-88 
96  —  99 

tZ      t 

57  —  59 


-4 


Unleaa  otkerwise  stated,  aU  share   are  fnUj  paid,       t  Interim  dividend.       !  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Electric  Railways. 


Bank  rate  of  Discount  H  0*r  c«nt.,  April  17th.  1S13. 


Vol.  12.    No.  l,.Hi;),  May  h,  191:(.] 


THK     Kr^KCTRrCAr.    in'A'FKW. 


7:U) 


GAS    AND    OIL     ENGINES     FOR     ELECTRIC 
SUPPLY    STATIONS. 


By  a.  N.  RYK. 


FRf>\r  time  to  time  a  number  of  articles  Imvo  appeared  in  the 
technical  Press  dealing  with  the  generation  of  electricity  by 
gas  and  oil  engines. 

Certain  of  these  articles  have  dealt  with  private  supplies, 
and  liuve  been  of  considerable  interest,  but  the  conditions  of 
public  sujjply  are  so  dilVereut  from  private  supply  that  it  is 
by  no  means  certain  that  a  type  of  machine  which  has  been 
.^satisfactory  in  one  case  will  be  equally  satisfactory  in  the 
other  case  :  for  instance,  the  question  of  reliability  is  of  so 
much  more  importance  to  a  public  supply  than  to  a  private 
l)lant. 

The  articles  dealing  with  gas  and  oil  engines  for  public 
supplies  have,  in  many  cases,  been  of  the  nature  of  estimates, 
and  many  engineers  are  not  satisfied  that  the  figures  put 
forward  can  be  obtained  in  actual  practice. 

Under  these  circumstances  engineers  may  be  interested  in 
the  results  obtained  in  a  central  station  depending  almost 
entirely  upon  gas  and  Diesel  engines,  and  where  both  classes 
of  engines  are  run  in  the  same  power  house  by  the  same  staff 
and  under  the  same  conditions. 

The  public  supply  of  electricity  in  the  Island  of  Guernsey 
Ls  undertaken  by  the  Guernsey  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co., 
]jtd.,  the  supply  was  started  in  lltOO  from  a  small  station  at 
Les  Amballes,  equipped  with  the  plant  usually  installed  about 
that  date,  i.e.,  Belliss  engines,  Babcock  boilers,  surface  con- 
denser, economiser,  battery,  A:c. 

At  a  later  date  a  demand  for  power  developed  in  the 
granite  (juarries  at  a  distance  of  about  2^  miles  from  the 
generating  station  ;  as  this  load  increased  it  became  impos- 
sible to  deal  with  it  from  the  Les  Amballes  station,  and  a 
new  power  station  was  built  at  St.  Sampson's  in  the  centre 
of  this  load,  and  the  IjCS  Amballes  station  was  continued 
principally  to  supply  the  lighting  demand  in  and  around  the 
town  of  St.  Peter  Port. 

The  first  plant  installed  in  1904  at  the  new  station  at 
St.  Sampson's  consisted  of  two  gas-driven  sets  nominally  of 
180  Kw.  each,  together  with  pressure  gas  producers  and  a 
battery  of  1,200  ampere-hours,  420  volts,  capacity.  Later 
in  l!t08  anotlier  set  of  220  kw.  was  added.  Early  in  I;)]] 
a    Diesel    driven   set   of    165    kw.    was   installed,    and    in 

TABLE  I.— Gas  Engines,  St.  Sampsons,  1912. 


Units 

Tons 

Lb.  per 

Per 

generated. 
51,720 

coal. 

anit  gen. 

ton. 

January... 

75 

3-2 

17/10 

February 

50,628 

68-5 

3-0 

., 

March    ... 

41,024 

60 

32 

,, 

April 

47,185 

46 

214 

,, 

May        ... 

67,231 

58 

1-93 

,. 

June 

54.845 

52-5 

2-14 

18/6 

July        ... 

67,465 

67-5 

2-2 

19/- 

August  ... 

72.172 

75 

233 

18/- 

September 

79,527 

73 

2-06 

19/6 

October  ... 

101,126 

90 

20 

„ 

November 

118,739 

100 

19 

,, 

December 

93,214 

84 

2-0 

" 

Total  ... 

844,876 

849-5 

225 

£792  13  11 


December,  1912,  another  similar  set  was  put  down.  At  the 
old  station  at  Les  Amballes,  certain  steam  plant  was  dis- 
mantled in  1911  and  two  Diesel-driven  sets,  each  of  135  Kw., 
were  installed.  Under  normal  conditions  the  whole  of  the 
load  at  both  stations  is  carried  by  the  gas  and  oil-driven 
plant,  the  steam  plant  being  used  only  as  a  reserve  during 
repairs  to  the  more  economical,  but  less  reliable,  internal 
combustion  engines. 

It  will  be  seen  that  no  engines  were  installed  during  1912, 
except  the  last  set  at  St.  Sampson's,  and  this  was  not  running 
until  1913  :  consequently  in  the  following  figures  all  the 
results  are  from  engines  which  have  run  at  least  one  year, 
and  the  majority  for  a  longer  period. 

During  1012  the  gas  and  oil  engines  generated  1,S65,23R 


uiiitR,  of  whidi  rather  more  tlian  half  wuh  gcnerhtwJ  by  the  oil 
eiigincH  ;  conHCfjiicntly  both  cIuhhch  of  plant,  liitd  to  run  for 
long  hours. 

Very  careful  monthly  recordH  were  kept  of  the  performance 
of  each  class  of  plant,  and  the  awujracy  of  the«e  fignrcH  ii 
proved  by  tlie  fact  that  the  total  of  the  invoiccK  for  f«al  and 

TABLE  II.— Oil  Enoine,  St.  Sampho»>,  1912. 


January... 
February 
March     ... 
April 
May 
June 

July  ... 
Augfust  ... 
September 
October  ... 
November 
December 

Total  ... 


Unlt« 

WelRbt 

Lb.  par 

Per 

Konoratcd 

of  oil,  lb 

nnltfrnn. 

Ion. 

If,,  151 

:tl,;i:.. 

.',1 

.S,107 

0,401. 

■8 

6r,/o 

.^-4,831 

38,525 

•70 

46,9r,6 

32,281 

•687 

47,345 

32,044 

•077 

43,970 

29,68!< 

•075 

46,024 

30,37!' 

•651 

46,053 

31,40(1 

•67 

30,462 

24,906 

•684 

30,259 

21,228 

•701 

o,";/!; 

4,999 

3,503 

•7 

3,5,909 

20,515 

■738 

447,685 

311,893 

•696 

Conl. 

P«r 

■lOlt. 

£39   15 

3 

•20d. 

8     1 

8 

•23d. 

48     0 

4 

2ld. 

40     » 

8 

2Id. 

40     3 

9 

,  •21d. 

37     4 

8 

•20d. 

0  11 
2     5 


38   \T,     6 


•20d. 
•20d. 
20d. 
•2.5d. 
•25d. 
•26d. 


,£397  14     5        -213(1. 


oil  for  the  year  exceeds  the  sum  of  the  monthly  figures  by 
less  than  2^  per  cent.,  and  this  difference  is  probably  due  to 
small  losses  in  storage,  itc. 

The  figures  in  Tables  1.  II  and  III,  being  abstracts  from 
the  monthly  records,  are  worked  out  on  the  units  generated, 
the  units  sold  not  being  available  each  month. 

In  comparing  the  performances  of  the  different  types  of 
engine,  there  are  certain  points  to  be  taken  into 
consideration. 

In  the  case  of  the  gas  engines,  it  must  be  remembered  that 
two  of  these  engines  are  more  than  eight  years  old  ;  in  1911. 
they  had  got  into  a  bad  state  of  repair,  with  worn  pistons, 
worn  liners,  Arc,  and  it  was  decided  to  thoroughly  overhaul 
all  the  gas  engines  and  gas  plant.  This  work  was  not  com- 
pleted until  .July,  1912,  and  the  high  fuel  consumption  of 


TABLE  III.- 

-Oil  Engines,  Les  Amballes,  1912. 

Month. 

Units 

Weight 

Lb.  per 

Per 

Cost. 

Per 

generated. 

>foil,lb. 

unit  gen. 

ton. 

unit. 

.lauuary... 

59,459 

40,045 

675 

54/- 

£48     4     5 

•19d. 

February... 

73,010 

47,234 

•645 

59/6 

62  11     8 

•20d. 

March    ... 

54,381 

36,813 

•677 

48  15     6 

■21d. 

April      ... 

34,701 

23,335 

•672 

30  18     4 

•21d. 

May 

39,028 

26,247 

-073 

34   15     6 

•21d. 

June 

33,514 

22,000 

-657 

„ 

29     3     2 

•21d. 

July       ... 

34.698 

21,827 

•629 

,, 

28  18     5 

•20d. 

August  ... 

45,129 

30,285 

•67 

„ 

40     2     6 

•21d. 

September 

26,857 

17,750 

•66 

i>, 

23  10     4 

•21d. 

October  ... 

42,388 

28,740 

•678 

68/6 

43  18     8 

•25d. 

November 

64,648 

44,400 

•688 

„ 

67  17  10 

•25d. 

December 

01,862 
572,675 

44,760 

•69 

68     8  11 

•25d. 

Total  ... 

.i83,444 

•670 

£527     5     3 

•221d. 

the  first  three  months  of  1912  is  entirely  due  to  the  con- 
dition of  the  plant,  and  should  be  neglected  when  making 
comparisons.  If,  then,  the  months  of  April,  May  and  June, 
are  compared,  it  will  be  seen  that  there  was  practically  no 
difference  in  cost  per  unit  for  fuel  between  the  gas  and  oil 
engines,  but  later  in  the  year,  although  the  cost  of  coal 
increased,  the  cost  of  oil  increased  in  a  much  greater  ratio, 
and  for  the  months  of  October,  November  and  December, 
the  gas  engines  were  very  decidedly  cheaper  in  fuel  cost. 
This  difference  in  cost  is  even  more  marked  at  the  moment 
of  writing,  so  much  so  that  the  Diesel  engines  are  being 
run  as  little  as  possible,  and  the  gas  engines  as  much  as 
possible.  This  preference  for  the  gas  plant  is  entirely  due 
to  the  enormous  increase  in  the  cost  of  fuel  oil,  which  has 
gone  up  75  per  cent,  in  price  in  less  than  two  years. 

In  Tables  II  and  III,  if  the  "  lb.  of  oil  per  unit "  column 
is  examined,  the  wonderfully  even  running  of  the  Diesel 
engines  will  be  noticed. 

Table  III  shows  this  to  most  advantage,  because  the  load 
factor  of  these  engines  is  more  nearly  constant  from  day  to 
day,  and  also  because  the  engine  in  Table  II  has  developed 


740 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,849,  May  2,  1913. 


more  defects  than  the  engines  in  Table  111,  which  have  run 
practically  without  trouble  for  the  whole  of  the  year. 

The  running  of  these  Diesel  engines  shows  very  clearly 
one  remarkable  fact — the  full  load  guarantee  being  -67  lb.  of 
oil  per  unit,  the  actual  consumption  for  the  year  exceeds  the 
guarantee  figures  by  less  than  5  per  cent. 

Everyone  who  has  had  to  run  steam  plant  under  similar 
conditions  knows  that  the  test  results  will  be  exceeded  by  at 
least  50  per  cent.,  and  even  with  gas  plant  it  is  difficult  to 
keep  within  JO  per  cent,  of  test  figures. 

It  is  quite  possible  to  take  one  or  two  individual  figures 
in  these  tables,  and  query  their  accuracy.  For  instance,  in 
Table  III  the  month  of  July  shows  an  impossibly  good 
figure  under  "  lb.  per  unit."  There  are  reasons  for  this,  and 
other  small  errors,  which  it  would  be  tedious  to  explain,  and 
it  was  thought  advisable  to  give  the  figures  exactly  as 
recorded  without  any  alterations  ;  that  any  small  error  in 
one  month  corrects  itself  later  is  proved  by  the  close  agree- 
ment with  the  figures  for  the  complete  year. 

Table  IV  shows  the  costs  per  unit  sold  for  l!ir2  abstracted 
from  the  balance-sheet  and  given  in  detail,  so  that  the 
station  costs  can  be  seen  separated  from  the  distribution 
costs.  It  should  be  mentioned  that  no  part  of  the  cost  of 
the  special  overhaul  to  the  gas  plant  is  included  in  these 
figures. 

TABLE  IV.— Costs  peb  Unit  Sold  fob  1912. 

Generation.— Fael -33(3. 

Oil,  waste,  water,  &c.  ^.         ...         "OSd. 

Wages  and  salaries "IGd. 

Repairs — Buildings,  plant,  tools    ...         ...         ...         '166. 

Accumnlators 'OSd. 

•78d. 
Dixtrihutiiin. — Wages  and    salaries,   repairs  mains, 

repairs  meters,  &c.  ...         '08d. 

Rent,  rate?,  tEixes  and  insurance 'OTd. 

Maifagemfnt  ...         ...         ...         'ISd. 


Total  running  costs      

The  above  cost  is  without  any  interest  chargee,  &c. 
Units  sold  X  100 


lOld. 


Efficiency 


Units  generated 


=  78  per  cent. 


The  efficiency  figure  is  given  so  that  direct  comparison 
may  be  made  with  the  monthly  figures  which  are  worked  out 
on  units  generated  ;  reducing  the  year's  fuel  cost  to  this 
basis,  the  result  is  'ibid,  per  unit  generated,  the  excess  over 
the  monthly  figures  being  due  to  the  running  of  the  steam 
plant  under  very  uneconomical  conditions. 

The  above  figures  give  the  facts  of  the  case,  but  would 
not  be  complete  without  some  account  of  the  running  of  the 
plant  and  the  opinions  formed  by  the  engineers  in  charge 
of  it. 

So  far  as  fuel  costs  are  concerned,  there  is  no  doubt  that 
in  the  special  circumstances  in  Guernsey  both  gas  and  Diesel 
engines  are  very  economical ;  anthracite  peas  for  gas  making 
can  be  bought  at  about  the  same  price  as  small  steam  coal, 
and,  in  practice,  this  means  that  the  fuel  bill  for  steam 
working  would  be  nearly  double  the  cost  for  generation  by 
gas.  The  fuel  costs  of  the  Diesel  engines  before  the  recent 
heavy  rise  in  the  price  in  oil  were  practically  the  same  as  for 
gas,  but,  at  present  prices,  the  cost  of  running  the  Diesel 
engines  is  so  heavy,  that  it  is  fairly  certain  that  no  more 
engines  of  this  type  will  be  installed  until  oil  prices  fall. 

Although  the  internal  combustion  engines  have  proved 
economical  in  fuel  cost,  it  is  certain  that  part,  at  least,  of 
this  saving  must  be  set  aside  to  pay  for  the  heavier  running 
costs  in  other  directions ;  for  instance,  the  iQbricating  oil 
bill  amounts  to  over  10  per  cent,  of  the  fuel  bill,  and  costs 
probably  three  times  as  much  as  the  oil  for  a  steam-driven" 
station  using  reciprocating  engines  ;  while,  if  turbines  are 
used,  this  item  of  expenditure  becomes  very  small.  The 
labour  costs  are  highest  for  gas  engines  and  lowest  for 
Diesel  engines,  steam  plant  taking  a  position  about  midway 
between  the  two. 

As  compared  with  steam,  the  supervision  charges  are 
higher  for  both  gas  and  oil  engines.  With  internal  com- 
bustion engines,  the  repair  costs  are  one  of  the  most  serious 
items,  and,  in  spite  of  all  statements  to  the  contrary,  there  is 
no  doubt  that  quite  a  large  amount  of  the  saving  in  fuel 
must  be  spent  on  repairs. 

.^fter  two  of  the  gas  engines  had  run  for  seven  years  and 


the  third  for  three  years,  they  had  reached  such  a  condition 
that  repairs  costing  well  over  £2,000  were  necessary  to  put 
them  in  good  order,  although  large  sums  had  been  spent  on 
repairs  each  year.  This  statement  must,  however,  be 
qualified  by  explaining  that  these  particular  engines  were  of 
an  early  type,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  more  modern 
engines  could  be  maintained  at  a  lower  cost. 

The  Diesel  engines  have  not  been  running  sufficiently 
long  to  recjuire  much  in  the  way  of  ordinary  repairs,  and  for 
the  greater  part  of  the  time  all  breakages  have  been  covered 
by  the  makers'  guarantees,  but  from  the  experience  up  to 
date  it  seems  reasonably  certain  to  expect  that  the  repairs 
will  be  more  costly  than  for  steam  plant,  though  it  is  hoped 
that  the  cost  will  not   be  so  heavy  as  for  the  gas  plant. 

Reliability  is  a  point  of  supreme  importance  for  a  public 
supply.  Experience  with  the  gas  engines  showed  that  internal 
combustion  engines  were  not  suitable  for  a  public  supply 
without  the  assistance  of  a  large  battery,  and  it  is  no 
exaggeration  to  say  that  without  the  battery  it  would  have 
been  quite  impossible  to  maintain  the  supply  with  reasonable 
economy  ;  there  are  so  many  things  which  may  suddenly 
cause  a  gas  engine  to  give  up  working,  and  it  is  impossible 
to  guard  against  them.  Therefore,  either  an  extra  set  must 
always  be  running  in  parallel,  thus  increasing  the  fuel,  oil 
and  attendance  charges,  or  a  battery  must  be  installed. 

With  this  experience  as  a  guide,  it  was  decided  that  when 
Diesel  engines  were  installed  at  Les  Amballes  station,  it 
would  be  advisable  to  alter  the  battery  arrangements,  so 
that  an  output  equivalent  to  the  full  load  of  one  Diesel  set 
could  be  available  instantly  if  one  of  the  running  sets  failed  ; 
this  precaution  has  proved  most  useful,  it  allows  the  engines 
to  be  run  at  practically  full  load  with  safety,  and  it  has 
saved  a  number  of  failures  of  supply  that  otherwise  would 
have  taken  place. 

It  must  not  be  assumed  from  the  above  remarks  that  the 
failures  of  gas  or  Diesel  engines  are  always  of  a  serious 
nature  ;  the  great  majority  of  accidents  that  might  cause  an 
interruption  to  supply  are  quite  trivial,  and  can  be  rectified 
in  a  few  minutes,  but  they  happen  so  suddenly  that  there  is 
no  time  to  run  up  a  spare  set.  .With  the  gas  engines  it  may 
be  a  trifling  defect  in  the  ignition  gear,  or  something 
causing  pre-ignition  or  back  firing.  With  the  Diesel  engine 
it  may  be  a  needle  valve  stuck  open,  or  a  compressor  valve 
hung  up  ;  all  of  these  defects  may  be  of  no  importance,  and 
the  engine  may  be  on  load  again  in  a  few  minutes,  but 
unless  a  spare,  set  is  running,  or  there  is  a  battery,  they  may 
cause  an  interruption  to  the  supply. 

Experience  has  shown  that  the  gas  engines  are  more  sub- 
ject to  these  little  troubles  than  the  Diesel  engines,  in  fact, 
the  Diesel  engines  have  frequently  run  for  several  months 
without  an  involuntary  stop,  whereas  the  same  cannot  be 
said  of  the  gas  engiiies.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Diesel 
engine  failures  give  less  warning,  and  usually  take  longer  to 
put  right. 

There  is  no  doubt  that,  if  a  supply  depends  entirely  on 
internal  combustion  engines,  more  spare  plant  must  be 
installed  than  in  a  steam-driven  station.  In  the  first  place, 
internal  combustion  engines  cannot  be  overloaded  for 
emergency  purposes,  and  of  even  more  importance  is  the  fact 
that  a  defective  steam  plant  can  often  be  run  until  the  load 
falls  at  night,  whereas  a  defect  in  an  internal  combustion 
engine  must  receive  attention  without  delay.  For  instance, 
a  leaky  valve  or  a  blowing  joint  on  a  steam  engine  can 
usually  wait  for  attention,  but  on  a  gas  engine,  and  more 
particularly  on  a  Diesel  engine,  these  defects  may  stop  the 
set  at  once,  and  even  if  they  do  not  do  so  it  is  generally 
advisable  to  shut  down  the  set  without  delay  to  avoid  the 
risk  of  serious  damage,  as  the  high  temperature  and  high 
pressure  of  the  gases  cut  the  metal  surfaces  with  surprising 
rapidity  and  may  do  much  damage  in  a  short  time. 

Another  reason  for  having  plenty  of  spare  plant,  particu- 
larly with  Diesel  engines,  is  the  considerable  degree  of 
accuracy  essential  when  making  adjustments  and  repairs : 
this  accuracy  cannot  be  obtained  on  work  carried  out  at 
night  by  a  tired  staff  of  men  racing  against  time  to  get  the 
plant  on  load  again. 

~  3  brie 

a  perfectly  satisfactory  supply,  particularly 
installed  ;   but  they  are  essentially  different  from  steam  plant, 
and  must  be  installed  and  run  with  due  regard  to  this  fact. 


ant  on  ioaa  agam.  m 

To  sum  up  briefly,  internal  combustion  engines  can  give  ^ 
perfectly  satisfactory  supply,  particularly  if  batt«ries  are  ^ 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,H19,  May  2,  1018.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


741 


Under '  favourable  circumstances,  these  machines  are 
economical,  but  it  must  not  be  forfjotten  that  there  are  other 
expenses  besides  the  fuel  bill,  and  tlio  fuel  bill  of  the  internal- 
combustion  engine  must  show  a  handsome  saving  to  justify 
the  use  of  this  class  of  piimt. 

Of  the  two,  the  Diesel  engine  appears  to  have  certain 
advantages  for  central-station  work,  but,  as  long  as  the 
market  for  oil  is  subject  to  such  severe  fluctuations,  the  use 
of  this  engine  is  likely  to  be  restricted  to  special  cases. 

The  most  useful  field  for  the  inLernal-combustion  engine 
apj)ears  to  be  in  small  central  stations  :  as  the  size  of  the 
station  increases,  the  advantages  of  this  type  of  i)lant  decrease, 
until  a  point  is  reached  where  internal-combustion  engines 
can  only  pay  in  exceptional  circumstances,  and  at  the  present 
date  this  point  appears  to  be  reached  when  a  station  under 
average  English  conditions  is  of  suflicient  size  to  use  steam 
turbines  of  1,000  kw.  or  larger. 

The  results  in  Guernsey  have  fully  justified  the  installation 
both  of  gas  and  Diesel  engines,  the  great  saving  in  the  fuel  bill 
being  more  than  sufficient  to  balance  the  increased  costs  in 
other  directions. 


THE    DEPUTATION. 


[communicated.] 

"You  might  arrange  to  meet  the  10  o'clock  train  on 
Wednesday  and  show  the  deputation  from  Mudcombe  over 
the  destructor."  Such  were  the  instructions  from  head- 
quarters, which  brought  me  to  the  railway  station  to  scan 
with  anxious  eyes  the  mass  of  humanity  which  poured  off  the 
train.  But  there  was  no  need  for  anxiety  ;  the  deputation 
stood  self-confessed ;  five  men  in  shiny  top  hats,  who 
walked  down  the  platform  as  if  they  owned  the  place.  1 
approached  the  group  and  addressed  the  gentleman  at  the 
head  of  the  procession,  who  proved  to  be  the  Chairman  of  the 
Committee,  and  I  was  duly  presented  to  the  Mayor,  the  vice- 
chairman,  an  Alderman,  and,  as  an  after-thought,  to  the 
fifth  individual,  who  was  the  engineer. 

At  the  station  entrance  they  looked  round  as  if  expecting 
some  conveyance,  but  I  explained  that  the  destructor  was 
less  than  five  minutes'  walk  away  ;  however,  it  took  longer 
than  that,  because  a  public-house  lay  on  the  route,  and, 
after  a  hasty  consultation,  they  adjourned  within,  all  except 
the  vice-convener,  who  said  he  would  stay  outside  with  me. 
I  assured  him  that  it  was  not  necessary,  but  he  said  that  he 
had  had  a  drink  already  that  day,  and  I  soon  found  that 
if  he  had  no  thirst  for  liquor  he  had  an  insatiable  thirst  for 
information,  mostly,  however,  of  a  useless  character.  He 
told  me  that  they  had  been  delegated  to  visit  the  principal 
combined  refuse  destructor  and  power  stations  in  the  country 
to  find  out  the  best  and  most  economical  method  of  disposing 
of  town's  I'ef use,  and  wanted  to  know  if  at  our  installation 
we  destroyed  it  by  burning  or  in  some  other  manner.  I 
told  him  we  burnt  it,  and  that  as  far  as  I  knew  there  was 
no  other  method  of  dealing-  with  it.  "  Oh,  yes,"  he  said, 
"  in  one  of  the  towns  we  visited  they  compress  it  in  hydraulic 
presses  and  sell  it."  I  gently  suggested  that  he  must  be 
thinking  of  the  tins  which  were  recovered  from  the  refuse, 
and  which  were  compressed  to  reduce  the  bulk,  but  he  stuck 
to  his  point  that  it  was  the  refuse  that  was  compressed, 
though  he  could  not  explain  why  that  destructor  should  be 
tacked  on  to  a  power  station. 

When  we  arrived  I  understood  the  reason  for  his  hopeless 
ignorance,  for  at  the  destructor  door  a  gust  of  wind 
smothered  them  with  a  cloud  of  fine  dust  such  as  a  destructor 
alone  can  produce,  and  he  decided  that  he  would  remain 
outside  to  rearrange  his  notes  while  the  others  had  a  look 
round.  Later  on,  when  I  crossed  the  yard,  he  was  stand- 
ing beside  the  screened  clinker  bin  and  called  me  over  to 
ask  how  much  a  ton  we  paid  for  it  ;  I  said  "  ninepence," 
thinking  he  meant  to  ask  how  much  we  sold  it  for,  but  he 
transfixed  me  with  a  glittering  eye  and  said,  "  Don't  tell 
me,  young  man,  that  you  can  buy  coal  at  9d.  a  ton  ;  you 
mean  9d.  a  hundredweight."  I  explained  that  the  stuff 
wasn't  coal,  but  clinker — the  residue  left  in  the  furnaces 
after  the  refuse  was  destroyed — and  that  we  crushed  and 
screened  it  and  sold  it  for  building  material  at  9d.  a  ton  ; 


he  didn't  seem  convinced,  and  wanted  to  nee  the  ooal  thaX. 
we  mixed  with  the  refuse  to  make  it  burn.  I  aHHured  him 
that  no  coal  was  used,  that  ordinary  reluse  was  quite  (aijmble 
of  burning  alone,  l)nt  by  that  time  he  was  sure  that  J  wiu*  a 
stranger  to  truth,  and  looked  at  me  in  a  manner  which 
showed  that  he,  at  any  rate,  had  no  doubt  that  my  future 
was  warmly  i)rovided  for. 

I  mollified  him  to  some  extent  by  expreHsing  a  deep 
interest  in  the  inve.stigationn  wliich  he  and  his  party  were 
carrying  out,  and  asked  as  a  great  favijur  that  he  would  send 
me  a  copy  of  their  report.  He  promised  to  do  so,  but  it  has 
not  come  to  hand,  and  I  fear  that  I  hhall  now  never  have  the 
enjoyment  that  I  have  looked  forward  to  for  months,  of 
reading  that  report  on  destructors. 

The  other  members  of  the  deputation  were  also  interesting 
characters  in  their  way.  The  chairman  seemed  anxioos  to 
do  his  duty  ;  he  examined  everything  and  wanted  everything 
explained  to  him.  When  any  of  the  explanations  seemed  to 
him  to  be  important,  he  would  say  :  "  Dear  me  1  How 
interesting  !  You  might  say  that  o\er  again,  very  slowly," 
and  then  he  would  start  and  write  it  down  word  for  word  in 
longhand. 

On  several  of  these  occasions  the  Alderman  would  break 
in  and  say,  "  Do  hurry  up,  Jenkins,  and  let's  get  out  of  this 
beastly  place  ;  the  dust  makes  my  throat  awfully  dry."  I 
felt  a  sympathy  for  the  man,  and  offered  him  a  drink  of 
water,  but  he  seemed  to  think  I  was  making  fun  of  him,  and 
when  the  Mayor,  who  overheard  me,  laughed,  he  was  <|nite 
hurt,  and  went  outside,  probably  ba<  k  toward  the  railway 
station. 

The  Mayor,  on  the  other  hand,  took  his  duties  very  hghtly. 
He  handed  me  a  list  of  typewritten  (|uestions,  and  asked  me 
to  fill  in  the  answers  while  he  spent  his  time  in  dodging  out 
of  the  way  of  dust  and  smoke. 

I  don't  know  who  drew  up  the  questions,  but  half  of  them 
were  silly  and  the  other  halt  were  useless,  as  far  as  supplying 
information  was  concerned  ;  of  course,  it  was  easy  to  see  the 
force  of  Question  1,  which  asked  for  the  name  of  the  town  ; 
but  why  Question  2  should  ask  if  you  have  a  refuse  destructor 
beat  me  ;  then,  when  Question  3  wanted  to  know  if  it  waa 
used  in  conjunction  with  a  power  station,  and  the  deputation 
was  visiting  combined  plants  only,  I  began  to  understand 
why  the  man  preferred  to  hand  the  sheets  over  to  be  filled 
up  rather  than  ask  the  questions. 

When  the  subject  of  destructors  had  been  exhausted,  the 
remains  of  the  deputation  took  a  walk  round  the  engine 
room,  while  I  went  to  the  desk  to  fill  up  the  Mayor's 
sheets  ;  the  chairman  of  the  Committee  was  just  explaining 
to  him,  when  I  left  them,  that  electricity  was  produced  by 
rubbing  copper  and  vulcanite  together  :  they  were  standing 
beside  a  commutator,  and  I  expect  he  was  vaguely  recalling 
some  of  his  earlier  lessons  in  frictioual  electricity,  and  trying 
to  impress  the  Mayor  with  the  insight  which  he  had  into 
the  work  of  the  department.  The  engineer,  who  was  within 
hearing,  made  no  comments,  but  he  looked  interested. 

The  deputation  were  going  on  to  another  town  in  the 
afternoon,  but  were  not  to  visit  the  destructor  till  the  follow- 
ing day,  so  they  borrowed  the  telephone  to  ring  through 
and  book  seats  at  a  pantomime  for  that  evening. 

The  entry  in  the  visitors'  book  was  characteristic  of  the 
deputation — "We  are  very  pleased  with  our  reception,  and 
with  all  that  we  saw." 


PROCEEDINGS    OP    INSTITUTIONS. 


Faraday  Society. 

Gexebal  Discussion  on  Colloids. 

For  some  years  past  it  has  been  the  practice  of  the  Faradpy 
Society  to  devote  one  meeting:  a  yf  ar  to  a  general  discussion  en 
some  physico-chemical  subject  of  ppecial  current  interest.  The 
subject  chosen  on  the  present  occasion  was  "  Colloids  and  their 
Viscosity,"'  and  the  discussion  took  place  in  the  presence  of  a 
crowded  audience,  on  the  afternoon  and  eveninp  of  March  12th 
last.  As  usual,  the  proceedings  opened  with  the  reading  of  papers 
by  some  of  the  most  distinguished  exponents  of  the  various  aspects 
of  the  subject,  and  the  Society  is  to  t>e  congratulated  on  having 
induced  so  many  eminent  foreign  investigators  to  come  to  London 
in  order  to  present  in  person  their  contributions  to  the  discnsaion. 


742 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.         [Voi.  n.  No.  i.sw,  may  2,  191a. 


In  the  abaenoe  of  the  'President  through  indispoaition,  the  chair 
was  taken  by  Mb.  EiiiL  Hatschek,  himself  one  of  the  foremost 
workers  in  this  field  of  physical  chemistry,  and  the  set  speakers 
were  as  follows  : — 

Db.  Wolfoano  Ostwald,  of  Leip/.ip  :  "  The  Importance  of 
Viscosity  for  the  Study  of  the  Colloidal  State." 

Pbok.  Victor  He.nbi,  of  Paris  :  "The  Measurement  of  the  Si/.e 
of  Colloidal  Particles  and  the  Relation  of  Size  to  Viscosity." 

Pkof.  VVolkgang  Pauli,  of  Vienna  :  "The  Viscosity  anfi  Elec- 
trochemistry of  Protein  Solutions." 

Prof.  H.  Frec.ndlich,  of  Brunswick  :  "  On  the  Rate  of  Coagula- 
tion of  Al  (OIDs  sols  as  measured  by  the  Viscosity  Change." 

Mb.  Emil  Hatsohek  ;  "The  General  Theory  of  Viscosity  of 
Two-phase  Systems." 

Those  who  took  part  in  the  discussion  which  followed  included 
Dr.  S.  B.  Scheyver,  Dr.  VV.  Ramsden,  Dr.  P.  Schidrowitz,  Prof.  J.  W. 
McBain,  Prof.  T.  Turner,  Mr.  F.  P.  Worley  and  Dr.  C.  J.  Martin. 
Space  will  only  permit  us  to  indicate  in  briefest  possible  outline  the 
scope  of  the  discussion. 

We  will  preface  our  remarks  by  stating  that  a  so-called  colloidal 
solution  is  one  in  which  the  solute  is  in  an  exceedingly  fine  state  of 
suspension,  too  fine  to  be  visible  excepting,  in  some  cases,  by  means 
of  some  special  contrivance  like  the  ultra- microscope,  but  still  of 
such  dimensions  and  state  that  a  colloidal  solution  can  always  be 
regarded  as  consisting  of  two  phases — the  solvent  or  "  continuous  " 
phase  and  the  colloidal  suspension  or  "disperse"  phase.  Colloids 
can  be  roughly  sub-divided  into  substances  which  are  not  normally 
in  the  colloidal  state,  but  can  be  induced  into  it  by  special  treat- 
ment, such  as  gold,  silver,  ferric  hydroxide,  and  other  inorganic 
substances,  and  those  which  dissolve  at  once  to  form  colloidal  solu- 
tions, organic  bodies  like  gelatine,  albumin,  starch,  agar,  kc. 
In  the  case  of  the  former  type  of  colloidal  solutions,  the  viscosity 
differs  little  from  that  of  water  ;  and  hence  it  is  inferred  that  the 
"  disperse  "  particles  are  in  a  solid  state.  The  viscosity  of  organic 
colloidal  solutions  is  mostly  very  considerable,  and  the  inference  is 
that  the  ''  disperse  "  phase  here  consists  of  liquid  particles.  An 
albumin  sol  would  thus  consist  of  a  dilute  solution  of  albumin,  in 
which  are  dispersed  globules  of  a  much  more  concentrated  solution. 
This  distinction  at  once  suggests  how  much  may  be  learnt  about 
colloids  from  a  study  of  so  typical  a  characteristic  as  their  viscocity 
and  its  changes,  and  the  study  is  likely  to  throw  light  not  only  on 
the  constitution  of  colloidal  solutions,  but  even  on  that  of  molten 
solids  and  crystalline  liquids,  usually  supposed  to  be  homogeneous. 
It  was  this  aspect  of  the  subject  which  was  dwelt  on  by  Dr. 
Ostwald.  >Ir.  Hatschek  described  the  mathematical  treatment 
by  which  he  has  obtained  formuhv  for  the  viscosity  of  the  two 
types  of  colloidal  systems,  assuming  one  to  consist  of  suspensions 
of  undeformable  spheres,  and  the  other  of  two  liquids,  freely 
deformable,  in  which  the  disperse  phase  occupies  the  larger  part  of 
the  volume,  and  assumes  a  polyhedral  structure.  An  interesting 
deduction  is  that  the  viscosity  of  the  former  type  of  solution  is  in- 
dependent of  the  size  of  the  particles  in  suspension.  Prof.  Pauli 
showed  how  viscosity  measurements  have  thrown  light  on  the  state 
of  ionisation  of  protein  solutions,  and  he  pointed  to  further 
possibilities  in  the  study  of  the  constitution  of  starch,  lecithin  and 
other  emulsions.  It  is  well  known  that  the  first  class  of  colloids 
referred  to  above,  which  consist  of  minute  solid  particles  in  sus- 
pension, are  precipitated  or  coagulated  by  the  addition  of  an 
electrolyte  to  the  solution  by  the  ions  of  the  electro- 
lyte disturbing  in  some  way  the  electrical  equilibrium 
of  the  colloidal  suspension.  Profs.  Frenndlich  and  Ishizake 
contributed  to  the  discussion  a  study  of  these  coagulation  pheno- 
mena, as  they  occur  in  an  aluminium  hydrate  colloidal  solution, 
and  they  ascribe  the  coagulation  to  the  fact  that  the  minute 
colloidal  particles  do  not  absorb  equal  numbers  of  ions.  These 
flactoations  give  rise  to  differences  in  the  charges,  and  consequently 
to  coagulation. 

Direct  practical  applications  of  the  subject  were  dealt  with  in 
the  course  of  the  discussion,  chiefly  by  Dr.  Schidrowitz,  who  spoke 
on  the  relationship  between  the  viscosity  of  rubber  and  its  quality, 
as  shown  by  vulcanisation  tests,  and  Prof.  T.  Turner,  who  drew 
attention  to  the  importance  of  the  study  of  viscosity  in  connection 
with  the  properties  of  metals  and  alloys.  The  viscosity  of  several 
nketals  in  the  fluid  state  had  been  found  to  be  only  a  few  multiples 
of  that  of  water,  but  as  the  metals  cooled  and  solidified,  of  course 
their  viscosity  increased.  There  was  a  striking  resemblance  in  their 
behaviour  to  that  of  colloidal  solutions  of  the  second  claps,  the  dis- 
continuous pha"e  corresponding  with  the  less  fusible  portion  of  the 
metal,  which  first  solidified,  while  the  continuous  phase  was  the 
mother  liquor.  Prof.  Turner  pointed  out  that  the  fact  that  when 
metals  which  had  been  cast  were  first  rolled,  their  density 
increased,  but  by  further  rolling  it  tended  to  decrease,  had  a 
parallel  in  the  behaviour  of  colloids,  and  a  very  interesting  field 
for  farther  inquiry  was  thus  opened  up. 


PlijHical  Society. 

At  the  meeting  held  on  Friday,  April  11th,  a  paper  "On  Errors 
in  Magnetic  Testing  due  to  Elastic  Strain,"  by  Mb.  A.  Campbell 
Mid  Mr.  11.  C.  Booth,  was  read  by  Mr.  Campbell. 

In  magnetic  tests  on  sheet  material,  considerable  errors  may 
occur  if  the  sheets  or  strips  are  tested  while  in  bent  form.  These 
errors,  which  are  in  general  agreement  with  the  known  effects  of 
compression  and  tension,  were  investigated  experimentally  with 
one  or  two  forms  of  magnetic  circuit  similar  to  those  sometimes 
occurring  in  practice.  In  one  method  a  single  length  of  the  strip 
waa  bent  into  ring  form,  with  ends  clamped  together.  This  was 
wound  with  flexible  primary  and  secondary  coils,  and  tested  for 
permeability  and  hysteresis,  while  in  the  condition  of  temporary 


strain.  The  temporary  strain  was  then  annulled  by  changing  the 
circular  form  into  a  square  by  sharp  bends  at  four  places.  The 
magnetic  tests  were  repeated,  and  usually  a  considerable  alteration 
was  observed.  For  example,  a  silicon-iron  ring,  03  mm.  thick  and 
50  cm.  in  diameter  (the  size  used  in  Richter's  method  of  testing 
hysteresis  and  eddy -current  losses)  showed  a  decrease  of  40  per  cent, 
in  the  permeability  for  H  =>  1,  due  to  the  bending.  The  hysteresis 
loss  was  increased  by  li*  per  cent.  In  another  method,  the  ends  of 
two  strips  were  clamped  in  yokes,  and  tests  were  made  with 
different  amounts  of  bending.  It  was  found  that  temporary  strain 
had  considerably  greater  effect  on  the  permeability  than  equal 
permanent  strain  bad. 

A  "  Note  on  Cathodic  Sputtering  "  was  read  by  Dr.  G.  W.  C.  Ka  vk. 
The  paper  gives  an  account  of  the  volatilisation  of  an  aluminium 
cathode  in  a  discharge  tube  containing  helium.  The  sputtered 
deposit  on  the  glass  indicates  that,  under  the  conditions  which 
prevailed,  the  disintegration  was  restricted  to  the  edges  of  the 
cathode  and  did  not  occur  elsewhere.  Accordingly,  the  complete 
outline  of  the  cathode  (made  by  rolling  a  sheet  of  aluminium  into 
a  nearly  complete  cylinder)  was  traced  out  by  the  deposit  on  the 
walls  of  the  tube.  The  size  of  the  particles  depended  chiefly  upon 
the  nature  of  the  gas  in  the  tube.  The  method  had  been  con- 
siderably used  for  preparing  extremely  high  resistances,  though  the 
film  had  to  be  annealed  first.  He  believed  the  thinnest  films  did 
not  accurately  obey  Ohm's  law.  The  adherence  of  the  film  varitd 
with  the  metal.  Gold  adhered  to  glass  well,  but  platinum  \va« 
easily  rubbed  off  till  it  had  been  heated  to  redness. 

A  .paper  on  "  Vibration  Galvanometers  with  Unifilar  Torsioiiul 
Control"  was  read  by  Mn.  A.  Campbell.  The  author  exhibited  u 
moving-coil  vibration  galvanometer,  in  which  a  novel  principle  i- 
used  to  obtain  the  fine  adjustment  of  the  control  torque  requisite 
for  accurate  tuning.  He  has  found  that  in  a  phosphor-bronze  strip 
under  tension  the  torsional  rigidity  is  considerably  increased  as  the 
tension  is  raised.  If  unifilar  (strip)  suspensions  are  used  in  a 
vibration  galvanometer  (whether  of  moving-coil  or  moving-iron 
type)  the  tuning  can  be  done  in  just  the  same  way  as  with  bifilar 
suspension.  In  the,  moving-coil  instrument,  minute  hooks  on  the 
ends  of  the  strips  engage  in  contact  hooks  at  the  top  and  bottom  of 
the  coil,  which  is  easily  detachable.  With  a  mirror  of  15  sq.  mm. 
area,  at  100  cycles  per  second,  a  sensitivity  of  50  mm.  at  a  metre 
per  micro-ampere  can  be  obtained,  the  effective  resistance  being 
about  700  ohms. 


Standard  Clauses  for  Street  Lighting  Specifications. 

(_Discussioii  on  paper    hy  Mb.  A.  P.  Teotteb,  jircsented  to  the 
Illuminating  Enoineebing  Society,  Ajiril  15th,  1913.) 

In  opening  the  discussion,  Mb.  A.  P.  Tbotteb  stated  that  the 
subject  was  admittedly  controversial,  and  the  object  of  the  paper 
was  rather  to  stimulate  discossion  than  to  indicate  conclusions. 
The  field  to  be  covered  was  so  extensive  that  the  nature  of  the 
illuminant  and  its  fittings,  ice,  was  left  out  of  consideration  by  the 
specification.  What  had  been  sought  was  a  specification  which 
would  permit  certain  results  to  be  reproduced  by  following  written 
instructions,  and  which  would  enable  borough  surveyors  and  others 
to  determine  whether  a  certain  installation  was  to  be  regarded  as 
satisfactory  or  otherwise.  The  first  question  to  raise  dissension  in 
the  Committee  was  whether  the  c  P.,  number,  spacing  and  height  of 
lamps  should  be  specified,  or  whether  the  illumination  to  be 
received  should  be  specified,  and  the  attainment  of  this  result  left  to 
the  competitive  skill  of  contractors.  It  had  been  objected  that  an 
illumination  specified  by  its  minimum  value  would  be  a  low  illu- 
mination, but  only  in  very  brightly-lighted  streets  was  a  low 
diversity  factor  obtained.  In  ordinary  streets,  the  diversity  factor 
was  high,  hence  the  adoption  of  the  minimum  illumination  as 
criterion  would  not  involve  low  illumination.  A  strong  argu- 
ment in  favour  of  a  specification  by  illumination  was  that 
the  classification  by  minimum  horizontal  illumination  agreed 
with  the  findings  of  the  eye,  and  the  fundamental  aim  of 
street  lighting  was  to  produce  illumination  agreeable  to  and 
sufficient  for  the  needs  of  the  eye.  It  was  desired  that  a  speci- 
fication should  be  framed  which  would  be  acceptable  for  use  all 
over  the  country  ;  hence  the  discuFsion  should  be  conducted  in  an 
unprejudiced  and  broad-minded  manner. 

5Ib.  W.  H.  Patchell  (chairman  of  the  Joint  Committee)  said 
that  the  Committee  had  not  been  able  to  arrive  at  definite  con- 
clusions in  certain  respects,  and  had  been  faced  with  three 
alternatives  :  the  coercion  of  the  minority  ;  the  modification  of  the 
specification  ;  or  the  education  of  people  up  to  the  present  specifica- 
tion. In  the  hope  of  achieving  the  latter  aim,  the  present  dis- 
cussion had  been  arranged.  The  most  striking  feature  in  the 
Committee's  work  was  the  surveyors'  report,  and  its  corroboration 
by  tests.  The  curves  in  the  paper  showed  that  the  surveyors 
realised  exactly  what  they  wanted,  and  were  able  to  judge  when 
they  had  got  it,  but  hitherto  it  had  been  very  diflicult  to  specify 
street  lighting  in  such  a  manner  that  the  desired  results  could  be 
ensured.  This  difliculty  the  specification  was  intended  to  remove. 
Views  of  the  police  authorities  and  motor-drivers  had  been 
collected  by  the  Committee. 

Mr.  F.  W.  Goodenough  (chairman  of  Council  of  the  Illuminating 
Engineering  Society)  said  that  the  society's  aim  was  to  study 
illumination,  and  to  raise  its  standard  ;  in  the  present  connection, 
the  sole  object  was  to  ascertain  what  would  be  a  satisfactory 
specification,  enabling  the  public  to  secure  the  type  and  result  of 
illumination  required.  Did  the  draft  specification  lead  to  this 
result,  and,  if  not,  in  what  respects  should  it  be  amended  .' 

Mb.  n.  T.  Habbison  agreed  with  the  author  that  lighting 
authorities  "  should  settle  what  it  is  they  want  to  buy,  and,  having 
specified  it,  leave  details  to  the  competitive  skill  and  wider  esperi. 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,84»,  May  2,   Ilil.'t.J 


TMl^]    KLECTllICAL    11I0VI1":\V. 


748 


enoe  of  oontraotorB."  What  it  WftH  ro(|uired  to  buy  wiis  llluiiiiiiatlon, 
yet,  up  to  a  few  years  atfo,  the  li(fht  provided  by  a  wtreet  liffhtiiiK 
equipment  was  never  considered,  and  even  now  it  wbh  common  to 
specify  simply  that  «o  many  lampH  xhould  be  placed  on  ho  many 
pOBts  alon^'  HO  many  yardw  of  utreot.  IliH  only  objection  to  the 
basis  of  minimum  illumination  was  the  ditliculty  of  measurinK 
very  low  illuminationH,  and  this  was  admitted  and  provided 
for  in  the  Hpccitication  by  the  clauHO  pcrmittini;  the  minimum 
horiranlal  illumination  to  be  arrived  at  by  calculation. 
The  intelligent  uhc  jOf  the  specification  would  result  in  the  best 
possible  allocation  of  the  total  expenditure  permisHible  anil  would 
secure  the  best  arranfj^ement  of  the  lamps.  In  moderately  lighted 
streets,  lamps  of  low  O.l'.,  placed,  say,  50  ft.  apart  marke<i  out  the 
curb  line  and  rendered  pedestrians  eamily  visible.  What  was  bo 
objectionable  to  motor  and  other  traflic  wos  hiph-c.r.  lamps  placed 
far  apart,  and  this  was  obviated  by  the  specification,  which  fixed 
the  minimum  illumination  permiesible.  Street  lightinp  ppeciflca- 
tions  had  been  framed  in  other  countries,  and  had  (generally 
depended  on  the  fixinp  'of  a  certain  minimum  illumination  at  a 
certain  heijrht  above  the  ground.  There  were  several  reasons  why 
this  heif^ht  should  be  1  m.  ;  first,  this  heipht'-was  the  most  con- 
venient for  photometric  purposes  ;  secondly,  it  was  rou},'-hly  half- 
way between  the  ground  level  and  that  of  pedestrians'  faces,  and 
these  were  the  two  planes  it  was  desirable  to  illuminate  well  : 
thirdly,  if  the  illumination  was  satisfactory  at  1  m.  from  the 
ground,  it  would  be  more  than  satisfactory  at  ground  level,  since  a 
considerable  volume  of  low-angle  light  which  reached  the  latter 
escaped  measurtment  at  1  ni.  above  ground.  The  third  reason, 
though  rarely  cited,  was  perhaps  the  most  important ;  O'Ol  ft.- 
candle,  1  m.  above  ground,  frequently  corresponded  to  0'02  ft.- 
oandle  on  the  ground  level.  He  preferred  to  measure  candle-power, 
and  thence  calculate  illumination,  because  90  per  cent,  of  his  work 
had  been  conducted  in  streets  lighted  by  .'iO  or  100-C.r.  units.  To 
measure  the  illumination  received  from  such  lamps  at  100  ft, 
distance  was  to  court  inaccuracy,  hence  he  measured  the  c.p.  (in 
the  appropriate  direction),  at  20  ft.,  and  calculated  the  100  ft.  data. 
This  procedure  was  still  permissible  under  the  proposed  speci- 
fication, which,  all  things  considered,  he  thought  the  best 
possible. 

Mh.  R.  Watson  (gas  manager,  Doncaster  ;  member  of  Joint  Com- 
mittee, representing  Institute  of  Gas  Engineers)  said  that  some 
lighting  authorities  favoured  appraisement  of  street  lamps  by  their 
polar  distribution  of  candle-power,  but  no  great  objection  had  been 
raised  in  the  Joint  Committee  to  street  tests  of  illumination  and 
the  acceptance  of  the  minimum  illumination  basis.  There  was, 
however,  difference  of  opinion  as  to  the  manner  in  which  the 
minimum  illumination  should  be  computed.  The  draft  specification 
proposed  that  street  illumination  should  be  appraised  and  expressed 
in  horizontal  foot-candles,  but  those  members  representing  the 
I.G.E.,  and  at  least  one  municipal  representative  did  not  consider 
that  this  basis  afforded  any  true  guide  to  the  actual  illumination 
received  and  used  by  people  in  the  street.  Nor  did  they  consider 
that  these  values  equitably  represented  the  comparative  merits  of 
lamps  of  different  polar  distribution  or  different  heights  and 
location.  For  "certain  reasons,"  the  electrical  industry  had 
always  practised  horizontal-plane  measurements,  and,  owing  to 
inadequate  representation  in  the  Committee,  the  views  of  those 
representing  the  gas  lighting  profession  were  not  reflected  in  the 
draft  standard  clauses.  In  the  speaker's  opinion,  the  illumination 
which  municipalities  were,  or  should  be,  "  out  to  buy  "  was  of  direct- 
ray  character,  hence  the  c.p.  of  any  lamp  or  its  direct-ray  foot-candle 
equivalent  at  the  point  of  minimum  illumination  was  of  great 
importance.  Persons  and  vehicles,  &c.,  were  seen  and  avoided  by 
aid  of  direct-light  falling  upon  them  or  by  their  silhouette  against 
lamps  behind  them  ;  vehicle  drivers  were  not  particularly  interested 
in  ground  illumination — still  less  in  the  horizontal-plane  illumi- 
nation 3  or  4  ft.  above  ground  ;  one  could  conceive  of  nothing 
but  direct  light  being  of  service  in  avoiding  collisions  in  cross 
traflBc.  Apart  from  the  view  that  the  horizontal  plane  method  of 
appraisment  did  not  apply  to  the  chief  uses  of  street  illumination, 
Mr.  Trotter  admitted  that  with  80  per  cent,  of  the  lighting  of 
the  country,  it  could  not  be  used  at  all  :  in  these  cases,  candle- 
power  measurements  were  to  be  adopted — i.e.,  the  appraisement 
and  expression  of  the  illumination  obtained  were  to  be  virtually 
in  direct  foot-candle  values,  and  the  desired  uniformity  of  methods 
was  as  far  away  as  ever.  The  specification  legislated  for  only 
20  per  cent,  of  the  lighting  of  the  count)  y  and  demanded  compu- 
tation by  methods  as  to  which  there  was  still  fair  diversity  of 
opinion  at  home  and  abroad.  American  gas  and  electric  authorities 
appraised  street  lighting  by  the  light  received  on  a  screen 
perpendicular  to  the  light  ray.  The  German  Association  of  Gas 
Engineers  did  not  support  a  minimum  illumination  specification, 
but  favoured  the  stipulation  of  candle-power  for  contracting 
purposes.  The  German  Electrical  Association,  as  a  result  of  a 
comparison  between  horizontal  and  vertical  plane  methods, 
required  a  statement  of  maximum,  minimum  and  mean  illu- 
mination. Horizontal  plane  computation  did  not  make 
possible  a  fair  comparison  of  lamps  with  different 
heights,  location  and  polar  distributions.  To  ensure  well-dis- 
tributed and  diffused  illumination,  it  might  be  deemed  advisable  to 
use  closely-spaced  lamps  of  moderate  height.  Evidence  of  the 
value  of  such  a  scheme  would  be  obtained  by  direct-ray  testing,  but, 
by  the  horizontal  plane  method,  the  obliquity  of  the  light  on  the 
test  screen  would  lead  to  very  low  readings,  and  higher  lamps, 
while  not  giving  the  illumination  desired,  would  yield  higher 
figures.  Owing  to  the  varying  importance  of  the  cosine  factor, 
there  was  little  difference  between  horizontal  and  direct-ray 
measurements  in  the  vicinity  of  lamps,  but  the  values  midway 
between  lamps  were  quite  different — which  seemed  to  suggest  that 
the  horizontal  method  was  inconsistent.     Table  I  in  the  paper 


Bhovred  a  dlvcrnily  factor  on  hlifh  aa  »;7  in  one  caa«— a  dlvenrity  of 
which  the  eye  wan  not  coDiciona,  becauHu  It  u«ed  dlreot  rather  than 
horizontal  plane  illumination.  In  the  recent  ifa«-elettrio  com- 
parinonn  in  MancbeHtcr,  Kcvnral  witncfMieM  ha<l  agreed  that,  no  far  an 
th(Mrye  could  judge,  the  illumination  wan  equally  good  In  Ixjth  cmmi  ; 
hori/.untal  plane  teHtH  were  r>'quire<l  to  Huggent  any  differenix-.  ivi 
far  an  concerned  reflection  effectn,  the  direct-ray  iiinUuw:ut 
(compariHon  HcreenH  Hide  by  nide)  waH  more  likely  U>  yield  true 
reHultH  than  the  hori/ontal-plune  pbotometer  (Kcrcenn  in  and  out  of 
box).  Prof.  Morris  had  furninhcd  data  comparing  («)  meanurement 
of  illumination  from  several  lam^m  on  a  horizontal  tent  Kcreen 
(0OIK8  foot-candle)  ;  (/^'meanurementn  of  dirt  ct  light  received  from 
the  several  lamps,  and  suliscquently  reduced  to  the  horizontal 
basis  and  added  (001 17  foot-candle).  The  discrepancy  between  the 
twocases  was  22  percent.,  and  the  experiment  BuggeHt<:d  howdiflicult 
it  was  to  get  reliable  data  with  a  horizontal  test  e.creen.  The 
higher  readings  of  direct- ray  instrumentn  tended  towards  the 
elimination  of  errors  due  to  personal  equation,  colour  truDblcti,  and 
the  instrument  and  its  usage.  Some  adva';ate«  of  the  horizontal 
method  of  computation  preferred  to  take  direct-ray  readings  and 
reduce  to  the  horizontal  plane  basis.  He  believed  he  voiced  the 
opinion  of  the  great  majority  of  members  of  the  I.O.E.  ;  they 
asked  that,  at  least,  clauses  be  included  giving  the  alternative 
of  reading  the  specification  as  dealing  with  minimum  illumina- 
tion computed  and  expressed  in  direct-ray  foot-candle  valnec. 
Mr.  J.  G.  Ci.AiiKK  (Gas  Light  and  Coke  Co.)  said  that  he  harl 
had  experience  with  horizontal  illumination  photometers,  but  dis- 
agreed with  horizontal  illumination  as  a  basis  of  specification. 
Hitherto  contract  and  public  lighting  specifications  had  been  based 
on  candle-power  values  which  could  be  defined  exactly  and  enabled 
an  exact  understanding  to  be  reached.  Horizontal  illumination 
measurements  were  useful,  but  it  was  not  possible  to  specify  hori- 
zontal illumination  as  accurately  as  normal  illumination  at  a 
certain  angle  iie.,  candle-power).  He  denied  that  there  was  any 
mathematical  complexity  in  working  with  candle-power  values  ; 
all  the  necessary  calculations  could  be  effected  by  slide  rule,  and 
were  preferable  to  the  extended  exploration  frequently  required  to 
determine  the  point  of  minimum  illumination  in  a  street  before  the 
value  of  this  illumination  could  be  measured.  Curves  were  ex- 
hibited to  show  that  the  point  of  minimum  illumination  was 
sometimes  on  the  footpath  and  sometimes  in  the  road.  When 
it  had  been  found,  the  absolute  value  of  the  illumination  was  so 
low  that  not  more  that  10  per  cent,  accuracy  could  be  secured  in 
its  measurement ;  if  the  minimum  horizontal  illumination  speci- 
fication were  retained,  the  position  in  which  illumination  was  to  be 
measured  should  be  specified  in  order  that  a  perambulatory  search 
might  be  avoided.  Reflection  from  walls  was  often  an  important 
factor,  particularly  if  the  walls  were  glazed  ;  shop  lighting  also 
interfered  with  the  measurement  of  minimum  illumination,  and 
compelled  observations  to  be  taken  after  shop  hours.  The  strongest 
argument  in  favour  of  the  horizontal  minimum  illumination  speci- 
fication was  the  agreement  between  the  classifications  provided  by 
it  and  the  surveyors'  report.  However,  the  separation  of  the 
groups  of  streets  was  not  well  defined — a  slight  change  of  illu- 
mination in  one  direction  left  a  street  in  Class  A,  say,  whereas  an 
equal  change  in  the  opposite  direction  changed  its  classification. 
Probably  effects  of  diffusion,  glare  and  vertical  wall  illumination 
(in  addition  to  horizontal  illumination),  affected  the  judgment  of 
the  surveyors  in  making  their  classification.  As  regards  the  height 
of  the  test  surface,  it  seemed  only  fair  to  proportion  this  to  the 
height  of  suspension  of  the  lamp,  otherwise  lamps  giving  low  angle 
illumination  were  penalised.  In  streets,  the  lighting  on  a  vertical 
plane  determined  the  ease  with  which  pedestrians  could  be  seen. 
The  arguments  in  favour  of  direct-ray  specification  and  measure- 
ment were  (1)  greater  accuracy,  (2)  equal  justice  to  all  systems, 
(3)  expedition,  (4)  more  precise  definition  of  terms,  (5)  applicability 
to  all  systems  of  lighting,  and  hence  the  possibility  of  a  uniform 
spciflcation  requiring  no  alternative  methods  of  measurement. 
Diffusion  was  a  more  important  factor,  and  the  speaker  had 
obtained  favourable  results  in  preliminary  tests  with  a  shadow 
density  instrument  arranged  as  shown  in  the  accompanying 
diagrammatic  sketch.  A  tube  T,  about  3'5  in.  square,  was  provided 
with  an  observation  mirror  M  and  a  stationary  screen  s  of  any 


s        c 


translucent  material  having  no  pronounced  grain.  A  movable 
perforated  screen  g,  actually  of  fine  gauze,  was  carried  by  a 
graduated  rod  R  and  was  adjusted  till  the  shadow  cast  on  s  by 
the  received  illumination  l  disappeared.  The  smaller  the  displace- 
ment d  required  to  make  the  shadow  vanish,  the  more  perfect  the 
diffusion  of  the  illumination  observed. 

Mr.  Franklin  Thobpe  said  he  felt  that  the  direct  ray  specific- 
ation and  test  was  better  than  that  of  horizontal  illumination,  and 
he  endorsed  the  arguments  advanced  by  the  last  two  speakers.  He 
trusted  that  in  the  final  specification  account  would  be  taken  of  the 
character  and  equality  of  the  lighting  effected  as  well  as  of  the 
actual  illumination.  The  candle-power  of  the  lamps  used  was  not 
a  gocd  criterion,  owing  to  the  importance  of  the  distribution  curve. 
Even  if  the  m.h.-s.  c.p.  were  considered,  it  was  difficult  to  secure 
consistent  results  when  the  distribution  curve  became  asymmetric  as 


744 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,849,  May  2,  1913. 


was  the  case,  for  instance,  in  some  rectangular  gasmantles  with  which 
he  was  experimenting,  (the  edges  being  placed  across  the  street  in 
order  to  reduce  the  present  loss  of  light  incident  on  side  walls). 
In  such  cases,  Mr.  Trotter's  method  had  to  be  employed,  but  the 
speaker  would  like  to  see  direct-ray  substituted  for  horizonal 
illumination  measurements.  In  his  opinion,  Mr.  Harrison's  table 
in  the  paper  afforded  the  beet  possible  argument  in  favour  of 
direct-ray  measurements.  For  example,  a  minimum  horizontal 
illumination  of  O'Ol  foot-candle  was  produced  by  33'7-c.p.  lamps 
at  10  ft.  height  and  spaced  70  ft.,  or  by  32  6c.i'.  lamps  at  36  ft. 
height  and  100  ft.  spacing,  but  it  was  absurd  to  contend  that  the 
illumination  produced  was  similar  in  the  two  cases — as  was  the 
practical  effect  of  the  specification.  The  direct-ray  test  showed  a 
7  ;  1  distinction  between  the  two  cases.  The  height  of  the 
photometer  did  not  affect  the  conclusion  reached  by  direct-ray 
measurements,  but  was  of  prime  importance  in  the  horizontal 
illumination  method  since  it  penalised  low  lamps — for  instance, 
with  100  ft.  spacing,  62-C.p.  lamps  hung  H  ft.  high  provided 
O'Ol  ft.-candle  minimum  horizontal  illumination,  but  95-c.h.  lamps 
were  required  to  conform  to  the  specification  if  the  height  of 
suspension  were  only  10  ft. 

Mb.  K.  Edgcumbe  (member  of  Joint  Committee  representing  the 
Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers)  stated  that  he  had  long  been  in 
favour  of  specifying  street  lighting  by  the  horizontal  illumination 
to  be  produced,  and  this  opinion  was  confirmed  by  reading  the 
present  paper.  It  had  been  objected  that  horizontal  illumination 
measurements  were  purely  physical,  and  took  no  account  of  the 
physiological  a.spect8  and  effects  of  the  illumination.  The  very 
merit  of  the  proposed  basis  of  specification  lay  in  the  fact  that  it 
gave  results  in  absolute  concord  with  the  classification  arrived  at 
by  experts  who  purposely  allowed  every  physiological  effect  to  sway 
their  judgment.  It  might  be  quite  satisfactory  to  work  on  a  direct- 
ray  basis,  but  it  was  indisputable  that  minimum  horizontal  illumina- 
tion was  a  reliable  criterion  of  the  eye-value  of  the  illumination  as 
a  whole.  It  had  been  contended  that  direct  candle-power  measure- 
ments offered  the  advantage  of  simplicity  in  application,  but  Mr. 
Trotter — who  was  in  a  position  to  speak  with  authority — said  that 
there  was  no  difficulty  in  measuring  so  low  a  horizontal  illumina- 
tion as  0"006  foot-candle,  and  that  he  would  prefer  to  measure  it 
directly.  It  did  not  seem  to  be  generally  realised  that  the 
specification  left  the  observer  free  to  measure  candle-powers 
and  calculate  horizontal  illumination  if  he  so  desired— whether 
the  illumination  "^vas  leas  than  001  foot-candle  or  not. 
The  horizontal  illumination  at  a  certain  point  in  a  certain  plane 
was  a  definite  quantity,  but  the  direct-ray  illumination  falling  on 
this  point  had  different  and  unrelated  values  according  to  the 
direction  of  observation  selected.  Yet  another  alternative  was  the 
Westminster  specification  ;  this  controlled  the  C.P.,  height  and 
spacing  of  lamps,  the  angle  at  which  measurements  were  to  be 
made  and,  as  a  guard  against  freak  lamps,  necessitated  the  proviso 
that  only  horizontal  reflectors  should  be  used.  It  was  needlessly 
complicated  and  was  analogous  to  examining  the  pedigree  of  a 
sheep  when  what  was  wanted  was  a  mutton  chop  '. 

Me.  J.  Dakch  emphasised  the  fact  that  the  public  was  concerned 
in  obtaining  illumination,  not  lamps.  'Where  street  lighting  was 
so  deficient  that  the  lamps  merely  acted  as  "  beacons,"  the  effect 
was  actually  to  make  it  more  difficult  to  see  (owing  to  the  pupil- 
lary contraction  produced).  Only  that  lighting  could  be  recarded 
as  good  which  was  visually  and  physiologically  efficient  and,  in  the 
speaker's  opinion,  the  specification  ought  to  take  into  account  glare 
and  physiological  effects.  The  specification  did  nothing  to  dis- 
courage the  exposed  powerful  lamps  now  so  commonly  used,  and 
this  was  an  omission  which  should  be  rectified,  since  contractors 
and  the  public  were  likely  to  accept  the  findings  of  the  Joint  Com- 
mittee as  a  complete  and  final  pronouncement  on  street  lighting  de- 
siderata. He  suggested  that  to  Clause  (3)  should  be  added  a  statement 
to  the  effect  that  where  properly  screened  lamps  were  used,  33  per 
cent,  lower  illumination  than  otherwise  required,  should  be  permitted. 
This  would  give  a  direct  incentive  to  improvement,  and  the  advan- 
tage gained  would  actually  be  far  greater  than  the  concession 
granted.  A  shielded  GO-C.p.  lamp  produced  better  results  than  a 
200-C.P.  lamp  bare,  but  similarly  arranged  in  other  respects. 
Bright  moonlight  corresponded  to  about  001  ft.-candle,  and  pro- 
duced a  pleasing  illumination,  yet  a  street  lighted  by  present 
methods,  and  in  which  this  minimum  horizontal  illumination  was 
produced  appeared  gloomy,  owing  to  glare  and  the  effect  of  pupil- 
lary contraction.  The  latter  trouble  was  not  reduced  by  arranging 
a  row  of  low-c  p.  lamps  in  the  street.  Most  dazzle  was  produced 
by  the  most  distant  lamps  (distance,  j)it  xp,  not  diminishing  their 
brilliance),  and  this  fact  facilitated  the  arrangement  of  suitable 
screening.  In  many  cases,  shop  lighting  overwhelmed  the  street 
lighting  proper,  and  it  was  desirable  that  legislation  should  pro- 
hibit exposed  lamps  iu  or  outside  shop  windows  ;  as  long  as  shop- 
keepers obtruded  bare  high  C  P.  lamps,  so  long  must  street  lighting 
remain  unsati^-factory.  Street  illumination  in  the  future  would  be 
effected  by  diffuse  refl«?ctiou  from  hou^e  fronts,  breaking  away  from 
the  utterly  mi!<taken.  if  natural,  evolution  of  modern  street  lighting 
standards  from  med  aval  lantern  arrangements. 

The  Chaipmax  here  announced  that  the  discussion  would  be 
resumed  on  April  29th. 


Self-Synchronising  Machines. 
By  Dr.  E.  Ro;»f.ni!ERG.  M.I.E.E. 

{Abffraft   of  paper  read    heforr   the    INSTITUTION  OF    ELECTBICAf, 

Enoinekib,  I^ndon.  April  lO'/i,  1913;  alio  at  Maiu-hfeter 

and  Jiirminglutm.^ 

If  the  synchronous  motor  is  to  be  ueed  on  consumers'  premises, 

for    doing    useful    work,    it    must   be    able   to   start   easQy  and 


develop  an  appreciable  starting  torque.  One  of  the  most  useful 
fields  of  application  for  the  self-starting  synchronous  motor  is  for 
motor-generators.  Here  a  comparatively  small  starting  torque  is 
required  unless  a  heavy  fly-wheel  is  coupled  to  the  motor-generator. 
If,  however,  the  synchronous  motor  has  to  drive  a  pump  or  com- 
pressor, even  with  unloading  valve,  the  required  starting  torque  is 
considerable. 

(rt)  Modified  Induction  Motor. — The  synchronous  motor  works  as 
an  induction  motor  during  starting,  and  it  can  be  used  either  as  a 
slip-ring  or  as  a  squirrel-cage  motor.  For  this  purpose  we 
can  either  make  such  changes  in  the  induction  motor  as  will 
enable  it  to  run  after  starting  as  a  synchronous  motor,  or  we 
can  take  the  synchronous  motor  and  make  such  additions  as  will 
enable  it  to  btart  as  an  induction  motor.  The  ordinary  wound 
rotor  of  an  induction  motor  can  be  excited,  after  full  speed  is 
reached,  with  continuous  current.  In  order  to  obtain  stability 
and  overload  capacity,  however,  it  is  essential  to  increape  the  air- 
gap  and  get  a  ratio  of  magnetising  ampere-turns  to  armature 
ampere-turns  somewhere  in  the  neighbourhood  of  two,  while,  with 
the  ordinary  induction  motor  the  ratio  is  somewhere  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  one-third. 

A  synchronous  motor  is  liable  to  hunt  if  supplied  with  currents 
of  certain  periodic  irregularities.  It  is  an  absolutely  necessary  pre- 
caution to  supply  the  synchronous  motor  with  dampers  which,  if 
sufficiently  strong,  prevent  hunting  even  with  considerable 
irregularities  of  the  critical  periodicity.  If  we  arrange  a  three- 
phase  rotor  in  the  manner  shown  in  fig.  1,  we  have  a  polyphase 
rotor  winding  used  for  continuous- current  excitation,  serving  also 
as  a  three-phase  damper. 

The  stator  is  provided  with  "star-delta  switch  "  to  reduce  the 
starting  current,  which  otherwise  would  greatly  exceed  the  full-load 
current  owing  to  the  large  air  gap.  The  rotor  has  a  three-phase 
winding  ;  and  two  of  the  slip-rings  are  connected  direct  to  the 
terminals  of  the  three-phase  starter.  The  other  slip-ring  can  be 
connected  direct  to  the  third  terminal  of  the  starter  by  pushing  the 
lever  of  the  "field  rheostat'  to  the  position  marked  "  starting 
position."  If  the  lever  is,  on  any  of  the  other  contacts,  the  exciter 
and  the  field  rheostat  are  inserted  between  the  third  slip-ring  and 


Field  rKtoatit 
E«ciCer  shunC  field  \  ISlldrtinr 


Fig.  1.— Diagram  of  Coxsections  fob  a  Self-staetino 
Synchronous  Motor  with  Distributed  Rotob  Wind- 
ing arranged  in  Three  Phases. 


starter.  For  running,  the  starter  is  short-circuited.  The  exciting 
current  flows  into  the  third  phase  and  is  split  at  the  star  point,  the 
two  other  phases  each  carrying  one-half  of  the  current.  It  is  not 
absolutely  necessary  to  cut  the  exciter  out  during  starting,  especi- 
ally if  a  large  starting  torque  is  not  required. 

(i)  Salient-Pali'  Motor. — By  far  the  more  general  and  more 
advisable  method  for  the  design  of  a  multipolar  synchronous  self- 
starting  motor  is  to  use  the  standard  salient-pole  magnet  wheel 
with  the  standard  field  coils  on  each  pole,  and  to  provide  in  or 
near  the  surface  of  the  pole  tips  a  squirrel  cage  for  starting.  With 
laminated  pole-tips,  slots  are  provided  and  bars  of  copper  or  some 
alloy  inserted.  Either  the  bars  on  all  the  poles  are  then  connected 
through  rings  on  both  sides  of  the  pole  wheel,  or  only  the  bars 
belonging  to  each  individual  pole  are  connected  by  a  copper  or 
bronze  collar  going  round  the  pole  face.  If  solid  pole-shoes  are 
used,  a  special  squirrel  cage  is  not  required,  the  solid  pole-shoe 
in  it»elf  presenting  a  path  for  the  currents  induced  from  the 
stationary  armature. 

Two  300-K\v.  frpquency  changers  built  by  the  British  Westing- 
house  Elf  ctric  and  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  each  consist  of  a  11  -pole 
motor  for  60  cycles  coupled  to  a  fi-pole  generator  for  2o'7  cycles. 
The  rotor  of  the  60-cycle  motor  (fig.  2)  has  laminated  poles  fitted 
with  a  squirrel  cage.  The  rotor  of  the  25  7-cycle  generator  has 
solid  cast  steel  poles  and  no  other  damper.  It  is  quite  easy,  as  tests 
have  shown,  to  start  the  set  either  from  the  <',0  or  the  2.T-cycie 
side. 

Such  a  machine  can  be  started  with  the  field  coils  open  or  short- 
circuited.  If  the  pole-shoes  were  laminated  and  no  damper  existed, 
the  voltage  of  an  open-circuited  field  winding,  which  is  wound  for, 
say,  100-voltage  excitation,  would  be  many  thousand  volts,  even  if 
the  stator  is  only  supplied  for  starting  at  a  fraction  of  the  normal 
voltage.    The  action  of   th«- dampers,  however,  reduces  the  open- 


Vol.  Tl.     No.  l,Hi;»,  May  •.',  l!)l.t. 


THE    KLKCTRICAL    HKVIKVV. 


74r> 


circuited  Oeld  voltnpo  to  n  coiiBidorable  oxtcnl.  A  >|iiiukor  Hturl 
can  bo  obtiiiiicd  with  tho  field  ooilH  open-circiiitvd  than  with  tho 
field  coilH  nhort-ciroiiitcd.  A  vollaifo  of  '^"1  \wr  coiit.  Ih  approxi- 
mately the  iniiiimuiii  which  ciiii  lie  um;d  for  Htiirtiiit;  th(!  not. 

Tho  Htnrtiiiu  of  thi!  motor  itHclf  oftii  bo  iitiderHtood  fiilly  by 
applying  tho  riileH  for  tho  startinn  of  f(|uirrtd(;iitro  inotorH.  For  a 
jrivpii  Htator  voltniro  the  tonpio  iH,  within  certain  limitH,  propor- 
tional to  tho  rotor  rcaistanco.  Tho  fi|nirrol-ca(fe  niuKt  brincr  up  the 
rotor  as  an  induction  rotor  to  a  certain  upecd  near  enouirh  to  nyn- 
chronouH  Hpced  to  enable  the  synchroniHintr  power  of  the  machine 
to  accelerate  the  rotor  from  this  point  to  HynchronouH  wpped. 

If  a  cylindrical  rotor  with  distributed  windinj;  iH  not  excited,  no 
Hynchronisinp  power  occurB  in  any  position  of  the  rotor  beyond  a 
HDiall  liystcresi«  tonjue.  As  the  hysteresis  torque  is  very  small,  a 
machine  with  smooth  cylindrical  rotor  does  not  pull  into  synchron- 
ism without  exoitation.  Machines  with  salient  polea  show  a 
different  behaviour. 

Rotary  converters  are  frequently  started,  like  equirrcl-cafre 
motors,  from  low-voltage  tappings  on  the  transformers.  In  freneral, 
the  procedure  is  the  same  as  that  described  for  synchronous  motors, 
but  there  are  two  or  three  agprravatinfr  conditions.  There  is  a 
commutator  with  brushes  always  short-cirouitinpr  a  certain  part  of 
the  armature  windinpr,  and  the  field  winding  is  not  excited  from  an 


Fig.  a.— Rotou  ov  Self-Staktinc}  Synch konous  Motor. 


outside  source,  but  generally  from  the  continuous-current  brushes 
of  the  rotary  converter.  Commutating  poles  are  frequently  added, 
which  fill  part  of  the  space  between  the  main  poles,  their  tips  not 
beinfj  fitted  with  dampers  like  the  tips  of  the  main  poles. 

The  brushes  of  rotary  converters  which  are  started  in  this  way 
are  very  liable  to  spark,  and  it  is  necessary  to  reduce  the  ratio 
between  the  brush  thickness  and  the  distance  of  brush  arms  to  a 
considerably  lower  value  than  would  be  required  to  obtain  good 
commutation  when  working  with  continuous  current  on  the  com- 
mutator. The  most  violent  sparking  occurs  as  a  rule  when 
approaching  synchronism. 

It  is  not  permissible  to  fit  dampers  on  the  tips  of  the  com- 
mutating  poles  as  is  done  on  the  main  poles.  When  working  in 
reguliir  service  with  continuous  current,  the  commutating  pole 
should  vary  its  tlux  as  quickly  as  possible  with  the  changes  in  the 
line  current  to  provide  the  proper  commutating  field  for  every 
momentary  value  of  the  armature  current.  If  a  damper  were  fitted 
to  the  pole-tip  this  would  prevent  sudden  changes  of  the  flux,  and 
would  make  the  commutating  pole  sluggish,  and  the  machine 
would  therefore  have  a  tendency  to  flash -over  with  sudden  changes 
of  load. 

In  order  to  prevent  the  machine  from  running  at  half  speed  it  is 
necessary  to  provide  during  starting  a  damping  winding  on  the 
commutating  poles,  and  this  is  achieved  in  the  simplest  way  by 
short-circuiting  the  commutating-pole  winding  during  starting 
and  opening  the  short-circuit  before  switching  the  machine  on  to 
the  continuous-current  mains. 

When  the  machine  locks  into  synchronism  it  may  show  either 
the  right  or  wrong  polarity.  Therefore  pole-changing  devices  are 
always  provided  for  rotaries  started  in  this  way. 

The  sparking  on  the  brushes  is  as  a  rule  the  more  objectionable 
the  higher  the  output  and  the  frequency  of  the  rotary. 

A  new  method  introduced  by  the  author  allows  self-synchronising  of 
the  rotary  converter  with  small  armature  current,  prevents  sparking 
on  the  brushes,  and  prevents  the  reversal  of  the  field  of  the  rotary 
converter.  A  starting  motor  is  connected  in  series  with  the  slip- 
rings  of  the  rotary  converter.  As  a  starting  motor,  an  ordinary 
squirrel-cage  polyphase  motor  is  nearly  always  used,  but  the 
explanation  of  the  method  is  perhaps  simplest  by  assuming  a 
single-phase  rotary  converter  and  a  single-phase  commutator 
motor  for  starting  (as  in  fig.  3).  There  are  no  starting  tappings  on 
the  main  transformer.  One  low-voltage  terminal  b  of  the  trans- 
former is  connected  direcUto  one  slip-ring  B  of  the  rotary  con- 
verter, while  the  other  terminal  a  has  a  straight  connection 
through  a  single-pole  main  switch,  and  another  connection  if  the 
main  switch  is  open,  through  the  single-phase  starting  motor.  A 
small  switch  is  shown  in  series  with  the  single-phase  motor,  but  is 
not  essential. 

If  the  high-tension  switch  of  the  transformer  and  the  switch  of 
the  starting  motor  are  closed,  the  main  low-tension  switch  being 
open,  the  current  will  flow  through  the  starting  motor  into  the 
rotary  converter.  The  starting  motor  limits  the  current  to  a 
fraction  of  the  full-load  current  of  the  rotary,  say  .SO  per  cent. 
The  starting  motor  takes  practically  the  full  voltage  of  the  trana- 


formor,  and  aH  with  a  properly  (IcMJunwl  rotor  thin  cnrrent  <»n 
produce  a  torque  for  in  exccMH  of  the  Htortink'  frictfon,  It  will  '.vlth- 
out  any    barring,  Ktart    and   bring    lh«    rotary    up    t  ry 

quickly.     A  current  of   thiH  value    i»  not    HiifIIci<nt    ' 
renidual   niognetiHm   of  the    rotary  converter.     Thi- (]■    . 
the    rotary    converter   jemaiuH   connected    AcroM  th«   rtiuu 
current  brusheH,  and  the  rheoMtat  in  preferably  put  intonnelj 
tion  as  to  reduce  the   iuHertcd  rcniMtancc  iilightly  b^dow  the  vajue 
refjuired  for  normal  no-load  cxc^itation,  an  it*  done,  for  inHtanci-.  with 
ordinary    continuouscurrent    Hhunt wound    mochimit   in   ordrr  to 
allow  (|uick  excitation.     Ah  noon  aH  it  approachen  Bynchrrmi 
machine  will  therefore  readily  excite    itw-lf    like  iiny  othr 
tinuous-current  machine.     ThiH  givcH  on  the  nlip-ringH  an  alt'  r     t' 
ing  current  of  a  frequency  which  at  first   Ih  Bliuhtly  different  from 
the  transformer  fn^quency. 

Assuming  that  the  rotary  hafl  excited  itself  to  full  voltage,  then 
immediately  before  slipping  into  Hynchronism  the  voltage  on  the 
starting  motor  will  vary  from  zero  to  double  slip-ring  voltagf ,  and 
as  thecurrent  flowing  through  the  starting  motor  has.  of  courHe,  pome 
influence  on  the  rotary  converter,  tho  continuous-current  voltmoter 
will  show  violent  fluctuations.  Immediately  the  rotary  has  slipp<:d 
into  synchronism,  this  voltmeter  will  be  steady  :  the  voltage  can 
then  be  adjusted,  and  the  main  i-ingle-rwle  switch  which  short- 
circuits  the  starting  motor  can  be  closed.  The  rotary  would  be  in 
synchronism  before  the  switch  was  closed,  and  being  excited  to  full 
voltage,  the  closing  of  the  switch  causes  neither  a  heavy  rush  of 
current  nor  any  sparking  at  the  commutator. 

Across  the  main  low-tension  switch  an  indicating  lamp  can  be 
fitted,  as  shown  in  fig.  :i.  This  lamp  will  flicker  before  synchronif  m 
is  reached,  and  will  be  dark  after  the  rotary  has  slipped  into  syn- 
chronism. Attendants  who  are  used  to  the  old  method  of  syn- 
chronising become  more  easily  accustomed  to  the  new  method  if 
they  see  the  working  of  the  indicating  lamp.  In  general,  how- 
ever, the  continuous-current  voltmeter  gives  full  indication  of 
synchronism. 

A  three-phase  rotary  converter  is  started  in  series  with  a  three- 
phase  squirrel-cage  motor.  It  is  possible  to  keep  the  field  switch 
open  during  starting,  which  will  allow  the  rotary  to  approach 
synchronism  in  an  even  shorter  time  than  with  a  closed  field  switch. 

Various  tests  with  .50-cycle  rotaries  of  200  to  1,000  kw.  gave  as 
the  time  necessary  for  starting  and  synchronising  30  to  .50  seconds, 
the  current  not  exceeding  at  any  moment  of  the  starting  period 
one-third  of  the  full-load  current.  By  connecting  the  windings  of 
the  starter  motor  in  a  different  way,  and  allowing  a  starting  current 
of  .")0  to  60  per  cent.,  it  was  possible  to  start  in  I  .">  to  20  seconds. 
Such  a  current,  however,  may  destroy  the  residual  magnetism,  and, 
therefore,  it  is  necessary  in  such  cases  to  use  the  field  switch,  and 
to  close  it  at  the  moment  when  the  polarity  of  the  unexcited 
machine  is  such  as  to  ensure  building  up  in  the  right  direction. 


/Lo« -Cension 
/  knife  switches. 


Smg-ls-obase 
commutHtiriK 
startiin;r  motor 


Sing-le-ph<j.3fc 
i-otdrt|  coincrter 


Continuous-Our'^nC 
T  supply  — 

Fk;.  3.  —  Diagram   of   Connections   of   Self-Synchronising 
Single-phase  Rotary  Converter  wnn  Sivrtivg  Mothr. 


The  series  connection  of  starting  motor  and  synchronous  machine 
can,  of  course,  also  be  used  for  synchronous  motors.  For  high- 
tension  synchronous  motors  a  low-tension  starting  motor  presents 
advantages.  For  this  purpose  an  indirect  series  connection  by 
means  of  a  series  transformer  can  be  used. 

There  is  no  objection  to  using  on  the  direct-coupled  st.irting 
motor  a  smaller  number  of  poles  than  on  the  main  motor.  The 
starting  motor  then  brings  the  set  up  to  full  speed  much  more 
quickly,  and  if  the  exciting  circuit  is  closed  with  the  proper  resist- 
ance, the  synchronising  action  of  the  machine  will  prevent  the 
starting  motor  from  running  through  the  synchronous  speed.  If 
the  excitation  circuit  is  not  closed,  the  starting  motor  will  run  up 
to  a  higher  speed,  but  a  later  closing  of  the  exciting  circuit  sifiU 
soon  reduce  the  speed  and  cause  synohronising. 


746 


THE    ELECTRICIL    EEVIKW. 


[Vol 


No.  1,849,  May  2,  1913. 


DlStfSSION    AT    M.\NCHESTKB. 

Proi'.  Mii.es  Walker  said  that  the  one  thin^  against  the  rotary 
converter  was  that  if  anything  went  wrong  with  the  power  station, 
so  that  there  was  a  g:eneral  phut  down,  it  took  a  long  time  to  get 
rotaries  into  commission  again.  Dr.  Rosenberg  had  now  provided 
a  method  of  starting  which  wa?  just  as  easy  as  with  the  induction- 
motor.  In  a  few  years'  time,  more  than  90  per  cent,  of  the  D.c. 
power  generated  in  the  world  would  be  supplied  through  rotary  con- 
vorterd.  Dr.  Rosenberg  stated  that  in  the  synchronous  motor  it 
was  essential  to  increase  the  air  gap  and  get  a  ratio  of  magnetising 
ampere-turns  to  armature  ampere-turns  somewhere  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  two,  while  with  the  ordinary  induction-motor  the 
ratio  was  somewhere  in  the  neighbourhood  of  one-third  :  this  gave 
the  reader  the  impression  that  the  size  of  the  winding  on  the 
machine,  in  order  to  supply  this  magnetising  current,  must  neces- 
sarily be  very  much  greater  tn  the  synchronous  machine  than  on 
the  induction-motor.  It  must  be  remembered  that  in  an  induction- 
motor  there  was  in  the  rotor  the  working  current  and  the  magne- 
tising current  from  the  stator.  and  the  working  current  was,  say, 
three  times  the  msgnetising  current,  requiring  a  certain  amount  of 
copper.  In  some  experiments  made  some  18  months  ago  it  was 
found  that,  in  order  to  get  perfectly  stable  running,  it  was  neces- 
sary to  have  a  current  50  per  cent,  greater  than  in  the  induction- 
motor.  He  believed  the  time  would  come  when  no  one  would  be 
allowed  to  put  in  a  low  power-factor  motor  except  by  paying 
extra  for  the  power  consumed. 

Mu.  A.  E,  Mackenzie  said  there  was  no  doubt  that  it  was  advan- 
tageous to  have  a  machine  which  could  be  put  on  load  very  quickly. 
He  had  seen  a  large  Westinghouse  machine  started  up  from  rest 
and  ready  to  put  on  the  Hue  in  80  seconds.  To  station  engineers 
who  had  seen  their  staff  struggling  from  5  to  15  minutes  to  bring 
up  a  machine,  it  was  something  of  a  revelation. 

Mb.  J.  S.  Peck  said  this  new  system  seemed  to  overcome  most  of 
the  objections  which  were  raiwd  against  the  old  methods  of  start- 
ing. In  looking  at  the  diagrams  it  appeared  ideally  simple,  but  it 
had  required  very  careful  study  to  dimension  all  the  various  ele- 
ments of  the  starting  motor  and  the  rotary  converter  so  as  to  get 
the  best  results. 

Mr.  Hollisgswokth  said  he  had  noticed  the  difficulty,  due  to 
the  excitement  of  the  men  in  the  station  after  a  breakdown,  in 
getting  the  machines  into  commission  again.  There  was  another 
and  a  greater  field  for  rotary  converters,  not  in  the  supply  under- 
takings, but  in  the  works'  sub-stations,  where  thfy  were  operated 
by  men  in  the  employ  of  the  consumer. 

Mb.  W.  Cbamp  a>ked  if,  with  the  additional  advantages  described, 
the  price  of  the  rotary  converter  would  go  up  above  that  of  the 
motor  -  generator.  Certain  power  station  engineers  not  only 
demanded  that  the  pawer  factor  must  not  fall  below  9,  but  on  an 
undertaking  by  the  consumer  to  bring  the  power  factor  to 
unity,  they  would  pay  the  extra  cost  of  the  machinery.  It  was 
not  clear  why  a  large  air-gap  should  be  necessary  for  synchronous 
motors.  How  would  the  cost  of  the  synchronous  motor,  with  its 
starting  devices,  compare  with  that  of  the  induction  motors  .' 

Dk.  RosESBEKr;,  in  reply,  said  that  in  an  induction  motor  they 
had  not  a  given  number  of  ampere-turns,  but  in  a  synchronous 
motor  there  was  a  constant  number  of  ampere-turns.  If  they 
could  vary  the  excitation  of  the  synchronous  motor  for  no  load, 
full  load  and  overload,  the  number  of  ampere-turns  for  a  small 
current  would  not  be  so  high,  but  in  order  to  get  stable  running, 
they  niu9t  have  a  large  number  of  ampere-turns.  With  a  salient 
pole  rotor,  the  mean  length  of  a  turn  was  considerably  less  than  on 
a  cylindrical  induction  rotor.  He  agreed  that  they  thould  try  and 
improve  the  power  factor,  and  sub-stations  which  were  formerly 
driven  by  induction-motors  were  now  being  gradually  con- 
verted to  synchronous  machines.  The  question  of  power-factor 
in  connection  with  small  motors  should  not  be  carried  too 
far  ;  they  had  gained  such  an  enormous  advantage  in  all  mills  and 
emaU  workshops  due  to  the  simplicity  of  the  induction  motor  and 
its  operating  gear,  that  it  would  be  a  pity  to  injure  this  by  pressing 
the  synchronous  machine  with  the  higher  price  and  the  more 
skilful  attendance  required  for  it.  A  .50-H  P.  synchronous  motor 
with  exciter  would  cost  at  least  .')0  per  cent,  more  than  an  induction 
motor  of  the  same  size  ;  perhaps  100  per  cent.  more.  If  motors  of 
300  or  ^00  H.P.  were  taken,  however,  the  difference  in  price  would 
be  very  little,  and  it  was  therefore  the  larger  sizes  that  should  be 
considered. 


DiSCU.iSION  AT   BiBMIKGHAM. 

Mb.  F.  Foekest  said  that  the  self-starting  synchronous  motor 
described  by  the  author  was  too  complicated  a  machine  for  nee  on 
consumers'  premises,  and  there  could  be  very  few  cases  where  its 
adoption  for  works  driving  would  be  advisable  or  necessary.  The 
induction  motor,  fitted  with  a  phase  advancer,  was  a  much  simpler 
machine  for  this  purpose,  and  possessed  practically  all  the  good 
operating  features  of  the  synchronous  motor.  The  high-pressure 
self-synchronising  motor  was  likely  to  find  its  chief  use  in  connec- 
tion with  motor-generator  sets  in  snb-stations  on  transmission 
systems  of  comparatively  high-frequency  (50  periods  or  over). 
Experience  in  the  past  had  proved  that,  on  the  whole,  the 
synchronous  motor  was  a  more  reliable  machine  than  the  induction 
motor,  chietiy  because  it^  stator  windings  were  not  subjected  to  the 
sudden  stress  and  concentration  of  potential  across  the  end  turns 
which  occurred  when  an  indnction  motor  was  switched  straight  on 
to  the  high-pressure  supply.  In  large  sub-stations  it  must  be 
poesible,  in  case  of  mishap  on  the  A.r.  starting  apparatus,  to  get  the 
machine  into  service  by  starting  up  from  the  DC.  side  and  there- 
fore synchronising  apparatus  muot  be  installed  as  a  stand-by  to  the 
author's  arrangements.      The    time    required    for    starting    and 


synchronising  rotaries  of  1,500  KW.  capacity,  using  induction  start- 
ing motors  was  only  about  one  minute,  so  the  author's  method  did 
not  save  much  time.  The  triple-pole  switch  in  the  low-pressure 
A.c.  circuit  to  the  slip-rings  rctiuired  with  the  author's  method  of 
starting  wbs  a  possible  source  of  trouble,  especially  with  large 
machines,  and  this  switch  would  not  be  required  with  a  rotary 
synchronised  in  the  usual  manner. 

Du.  M.  L.  Kahn  said  that  Dr.  Rosenberg  was  to  be  congratulated 
on  his  excellent  idea  of  connecting  the  starting  motor  of  a  syn- 
chronous machine  in  series  with  the  main  machine,  instead  of 
putting  it  in  parallel  as  had  been  the  usual  practice.  If  a  rotary 
or  a  synchronous  motor  with  direct-coupled  exciter  was  run  up  to 
speed  with  the  field  winding  connected  across  the  brushes  on  the 
commutator  of  the  rotary  or  exciter,  it  would  excite  itself  as  soon 
as  it  was  within  a  certain  range  of  full  speed,  say  25  per  cent, 
below  full  speed.  The  frequency  of  the  voltage  induced  in  the 
synchronous  machine  was  then  considerably  below  the  frequency 
of  the  supply,  and  the  flip  was  greater  than  the  maximum  slip  at 
which  the  machine  would  pull  into  synchronism.  The  voltage  on 
the  stator  terminals  of  the  induction  motor  was  the  resultant  of 
the  supply  voltage  and  the  voltage  of  the  synchronous  machine, 
which  were  of  different  frequency.  The  resultant  voltage  would, 
therefore,  vary  considerably.  As  the  torque  of  an  induction  motor 
varied  approximately  with  the  square  of  the  impressed  voltaee, 
the  starting  tor(ine  of  the  set  would  also  vary  considerably.  The 
frequency  of  the  terminal  voltage  of  the  induction  motor  was  the 
resultant  of  the  frequency  of  the  supply  system  and  the  frequency 
corresponding  to  the  speed  of  the  synchronons  machine.  For  the 
case  .stated  above,  the  supply  frequency  might  be  50,  while  the 
synchronous  machine  might  only  have  a  frtquency  of  37.  All  this 
must  have  a  considerable  inlluence  on  the  starting  of  the  set. 

Mb.  F.  J.  MoriETT  said  that  the  uses  of  synchronous  machines 
were,  as  the  author  pointed  out,  decidedly  limited,  but  there 
appeared  to  be  a  field  for  them  in  such  directions  as  driving  centri- 
fugal pumps,  fans,  and  even  line  shafts,  if  arrangement  were  made 
to  start  on  light  load  by  means  of  fast  and  loose  pulleys,  clutches 
or  similar  devices.  In  view  of  the  decided  advantage  to  supply 
authorities,  they  ought  to  offer  preferential  terms  to  consumers 
who  were  prepared  to  install  synchronous  machines.  He  had  seen 
one  of  the  self-synchronising  rotary  converters  in  operation,  and 
was  struck  by  the  simplicity  obtained. 

Mr.  W.  E.  MiLNi?  (Birmingham  Corporation)  pointed  out  that 
although  the  self-synchronising  motor  possessed  several  features 
which  were  appreciated  by  supply  authorities,  especially  those 
suffering  from  bad  power  factors,  it  had  a  very  limited  use  on  con- 
sumers' premises.  The  consumer  certainly  would  not  pay  the  extra 
cost  of  such  machines.  Owing  to  their  limited  use  it  was  imprac- 
ticable for  supply  authorities  to  give  special  rates.  In  Birmingham, 
an  application  had  been  received  from  a  user  who  proposed  to 
improve  the  power  factor  by  installing  an  80- KW.  synchronous 
machine.  The  effect  of  such  a  machine  on  a  system  supplying  over 
30,000  KW.  would  not  in  any  way  justify  a  reduction  in  the  price  of 
energy. 

Discussion  in  London. 

Mr.  R.  Orsettich  said  unfortunately  commercial  engineers  often 
over-eatimated  the  capabilities  of  designers,  and  made  misleading 
statements  ;  he  welcomed  the  author's  clear  expression  of  opinion 
on  the  starting  of  synchronous  motors.  Synchronous  machinery 
had  come  to  the  front  very  much  recently,  but  self-starting  syn- 
chronous machines  had  not  been  much  adopted.  The  synchronous 
motor  was  at  a  disadvantage  as  regards  starting  current,  compared 
with  the  induction  motor,  and  the  latter  was  more  suitable  for  high 
speed.  The  author  had  only  mentioned  two  methods  of  starting 
rotaries,  but  there  were  four  or  five  ;  it  was  strange  that  the  method 
of  starting  by  an  independent  motor  so  generally  used  here,  had  not 
been  mentioned,  as  it  was  somewhat  similar  to  the  author's  method. 
He  (the  speaker)  found  the  alternating  current  method  of  starting 
quite  simple  and  reliable,  and  it  was  a  standard  method  with  some 
firms  in  America. 

Mb.  a.  H.  Yearbook  congratulated  the  anthor  on  his  system. 
He  (the  speaker)  was  aware  of  the  disadvantages  of  A.c.  starting 
of  rotaries  by  means  of  transformer  tappings,  and  welcomed  any 
scheme  for  automatic  starting.  His  Council  had  ordered  four 
],000-K\v.  sets  of  this  type,  with  Miles- Walker  power-factor 
correctors  attached. 

Piior.  Miles  Walker  said  ordinary  methods  of  starting,  though 
perfectly  simple,  were  apt  to  fail  in  times  of  stress.  The  author's 
method  was  perfectly  automatic  ;  the  machine  came  up  with  the 
right  polarity  the  first  time,  and  took  only  a  small  current  from 
the  line,  as  compared  with  starting  by  means  of  transformer 
tappings.  The  curves  given  were  valuable  as  showing  how  much 
current  was  taken  in  starting  synchronous  machines. 

AfR.  F.  P.  Whitaker  read  a  long  contribution  on  the  subject, 
criticising  some  of  the  author's  conclusions  and  advocating  the  use 
of  an  induction  motor  with  one  pair  lees  of  poles  for  starting,  as 
being  a  more  efficient  method. 

Mr.  H.  W.  Bosworth  said  very  few  English  firms  had  given 
much  attention  to  self-starting  synchronous  machines,  although 
his  firm  (Lanes.  Dynamo  Co.)  had  built  several  in  sizes  up  to 
1,000  HP.,  and  their  experience  was  directly  opposed,  as  regards 
type  of  machine,  to  that  suggested  by  the  author.  His  firm 
believed  that  the  cylindrical  rotor  with  distributed  winding  gave 
the  best  results,  and  it  allowed  of  high  speeds.  They  had  such 
machines  running  at  speed-i  up  to  3,000  r.p.m.,  which  was  much 
higher  than  one  could  get  with  talient  pole  machines.  For  ordinary 
industrial  purposes,  with  a.c.  starting,  there  appeared  to  be  no  need 
for  the  complication  of  an  auto-transformer  starter.  Generally 
they  found   it  v;as  not  possible  to  get  the  best  results  by  using 


Vol.72.    No.  \,Hi'.),  May  'I,  I'Ji:!. 


THE,    ELEOTKIOAJL    REY:(EW. 


747 


Btandard  indiictiun  motorH  and  nlU^riiutorH  ;  HpncialiHcd  iloHi|;n  waH 
re<|iiircd.  He  at^reod  with  tlio  author  that  the  poHHiliilitiuH  of  Huch 
plant  had  been  ovorlookod. 

l)u.  S.  P.  Smith  could  not  ijuite  Hce  how  trouble  with  Huri;itii; 
in  tho  w(uirrel-coKe  Btartinj?  arrnnt^eniunt  wbh  overcome  ;  the  only 
way  Hccmed  to  bo  to  nynohroniHe  properly,  ncccHHitatini;  a  Hoparate 
Htartin)(  motor  ;  then  it  Bcemcd  rather  more  k.v.a.  would  lie 
rei|uircd  for  Kturtinpr. 

Mk.  W.  E.  HuKNANi)  suppeHtcul  that  in  the  cane  of  aHini;le-pha»e 
job,  if  a  commutator  motor  or  nelf-startin(f  induction  motor  were 
used  tho  expense  would  be  considerable. 

Da.  RosKNiiiiitu  bricQy  replied  to  the  discussion. 


WATER    DIVINATION. 


On  Thursday,  April  3rd,  a  party  met  at  Waterloo,  by  virtue  of  an 
arrangement  made  by  our  contemporary,  the  Suni/nri/  l{<conl. 
The  destination  was  kept  secret  to  the  last  ;  it  was  Guildford.  The 
object  was  to  obtain  light  on  the  methods  of  the  users  of  twips 
and  similar  objects  in  the  search  for  wa'er.  We  are  informed 
by  one  who  was  present  at  the  srance  and  subsequent  luncheon, 
that  the  several  twijfmen  behaved  after  the  manner  of  their  kind. 
By  what  mysticism  can  a  twigman  diagnose  water  vertically  below 
a  point  and  222  ft.  down,  such  point  halfway  between  two  boot- 
toe  drafts  on  the  ground  drawn  by  a  rough  swing  of  the  leg  .'  Why 
the  third  2,  or  allowing  the  third,  why  not  222"2  I 

The  Guildford  .tvunce  seems  only  to  have  intensified  the 
scepticism  which  exists  about  this  "  dousterswiveldom "  of 
divination. 

Our  informant  regards  the  Guildford  pantomime  as  a  huge 
failure  on  the  diviners'  part.  They  had  every  chance,  and  could 
show  nothing.  If  there  is  a  terrestrial  influence  which  affects  the 
nerves  of  certain  of  the  elect,  it  is  certainly  an  influence  that 
arises  from  many  sources.  Possibly  it  is  some  form  of  radioactivity, 
for  are  not  clays  radioactive,  and  have  not  diviners  "found  "  water 
where  only  have  been  proved  depths  of  dry  clay  far  beyond  the 
diviner's  222  .'  Divination,  if  true,  would  be  always  true.  If  not, 
of  what  value  is  it  when  a  dozen  of  its  votaries,  separately  tested, 
do  not  agree  .'  The  truth  is  that,  in  any  water-bearing  area,  it  is  of 
no  consequence  where  a  borehole  is  put  down.  In  the  upper  chalk, 
for  example,  absolute  failure  is  very  rare  in  known  water-bearing 
areas,  for  a  borehole  is  almost  sure  to  cut  a  fissure  or- to  cut  a 
flint  bed  which  is  cut  by  a  fissure.  Water  reaches  the  borehole  by 
one  way  or  the  other.  Our  informant,  who  is  a  hydrogeological 
expert,  says  that  he  will  back  his  opinion  with  £10,  that  a  borehole 
put  down  at  a  point  3'319  ft.  west-north-west  of  the  S.E.  leg  of  the 
editorial  chair  of  this  journal  to  a  depth  of  350  ft.  below  ground 
level  will  yield  over  1,000  gallons  per  hour.  Moreover,  he  will  stand 
by  this  for  all  the  electrical  journals  in  London. 

Now  it  is  just  such  meticulous  accuracy  foisted  on  clients  that 
proves  his  contention  that  divination  is  a  fraud.  He  says  that 
people  who  require  water  are  themselves  much  to  blame.  If  an 
engineer  and  hydrogeological  expert  says  to  a  client  that  he  may 
choose  for  his  well  just  the  spot  most  suitable,  if  the  area,  as  a 
whole,  is  known  to  be  water-bearing,  that  client  will  prefer  the 
advice  of  the  twig  holder  who  stumbles  about  the  ground  with 
a  twitching  face  and  sweating  brow  and  finally  selects  a  spot 
between  two  boot-toe  marks.  In  truth,  it  does  not  pay  to  use 
geological  knowledge,  and  it  does  pay  to  play  the  necromancer. 
And  will  it  be  believed  that  the  Local  Government  Board  now 
actually  allows  the  costs  of  water  divination  '  At  one  time  the  fools 
who  employed  them  were  surcharged.  Now  the  L.G.B..  which  still 
believes  in  the  efficacy  of  a  14  days'  continuous  pump  test  of  a 
well,  adds  divination  to  its  beliefs  ! 

We  believe  a  report  is  forthcoming  by  the  deputation  above 
referred  to.  It  is  high  time  that  the  daily  Press  ceased  to  give 
its  support  to  the  unwarranted  pretensions  of  these  dowsers. 
It  is  strange  how  country  gentlemen,  sensible  in  other  matters,  will 
persist  in  their  beliefs  in  face  of  the  fact  that  in  a  single  plot  of 
land  half  a  dozen  twigmen  will  find  water  at  different  places,  and 
no  two  agree. 


Iron  Smelting  in  Norway.— H.M.  Consul  at  Christiania 

reports  that  the  Aktieselskabet  Hardanger  Elektriske  Jem  og 
Staalverk,  a  company  formed  for  the  electric  smelting  of  iron  near 
Odda,  has  resolved  to  discontinue  the  undertaking  on  account  of 
the  cost  of  production,  and  to  let  the  works  to  a  French  syndicate, 
which  proposes  to  manufacture  some  kind  of  fertiliser.  The  works 
of  this  company  were  the  first  electric  iron-ore  smelting  works  in 
Norway,  and  their  closing  will  probably  prove' a  serious  blow  to 
the  further  development  of  the  industry  in  that  country  ;  indeed, 
one  company  whose  electric  smelting  works  are  not  yet  completed 
is  said  to  be  holding  its  scheme  in  abeyance  for  the  time  being. 

The  Aktieselskabet  Bandak  Electrolytii-ke  Kobberverk — formed 
to  refine  copper  ore  at  the  Aamdal  mines  by  the  Hybinette  process 
— has  decided  to  close  its  works  from  April  13th.  owing  to  an  in- 
BuflBciency  of  ore  in  the  mine,  though  the  actual  refining  process  is 
said  to  have  been  successful.  The  local  Press  states  that  the  com- 
pany intends  to  re-erect  the  copper-extracting  works  on  the  coast 
near  the  Christiania  Fjord,  and  work  is  expected  to  be  begun  during 
the  coming  summer. — Board  of  Trade  Journal. 


FOREIGN    AND    COLONIAL    TARIFFS    ON 
ELECTRICAL    GOODS. 


Amknijmk.stm. 

AUSTRALIA.— The  Auntralian  '"ommonwealth  Cuiiomii  aulbori- 
ticH  have  decided  that  trolley  frogc  uwmI  in  ovcrhwid  wire  electric 
tramway  HyHt<:iiiH  arc  to  l)e  dntiahle  on  mnl liable  iron  cantini^ii  jfal- 
vani.Mrd,  at  the  rate  of  1  ;d.  per  lb.  'Hie  'C(»|f  electric  wifetjr 
lamj)  for  miners  is  to  be  admitted  free  of  duty. 

r.NITED  KTATKH.— The  Board  of  Tnwic  han  junt  puMiiibed 
a  return  showing,  in  the  form  of  a  comparutive  iitttt<jment,  the 
existing  rates  of  duty  and  the  rates  of  duty  proi>o»e<l  under  the  new 
tariff  now  under  consideration. 

HOLLAND.— The  Dutch  CuBtoms  authorities  have  i«iioe<J  the 
following  decisions  as  to  the  duties  to  be  levied  on  certain  electric*! 

goods  :  — 

Collector  bruphes  and  collector  brush-holdern,  col- 
lectors, armatures  and  pole  cases  for  dynamos 
and  electromotors,  imported  separately  ...  free 

Coils  for  dynamos  and  electromotors,  which  cannot 
be  definitely  distinguished  from  coils  for  other 
electric  machines ■"<  %  ad  val. 

Dynamo  of  small  capacity,  used  like  a  magneto,  also 
suited  for  generating  current,  for  charging 
accumulators  and  for  driving  electro-motors  ...  free 

Machine  for  pasting  gutta-percha  on  leather  for 
vamps  of  boots  (the  heat  required  for  making 
the  two  substances  adhere  to  one  another  being 
generated  by  electricity) free 

DUTCH  EAST  INDIES.— The  Board  of  Trade  reports  decisions 
that  portable  telephone  apparatus,  testing  apparatus  for  galvanic 
batteries,  and  steel  wire  covered  with  copper  intended  for  use  aa 
electric  conducting  wire,  are  to  be  admitted  free  of  duty  into  the 
Dutch  East  Indies. 

LEEWARD  ISLANDS.— As  a  result  of  the  Canada- West  Indies 
Treaty,  the  Government  of  the  Leeward  Islands  proposes  to  establish 
preferential  rates  of  duty  in  favour  of  British  goods  as  compared 
with  foreign.  The  date  of  coming  into  operation  of  this 
preferential  tariff  will  be  notified  later. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR.    1913. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 

Compiled  expressly  for  this  journal  by  Messes.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co., 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


8  699.  "  Electric  earthing  or  bonding  clips  and  the  liie."  T.  O.  Haxn  and 
A.  E.  Inole.    April  14th. 

8.711.  "Electric  apparatus  for  moving  advertisemtnts."  E.  OBEBLi.sDER 
P.  Ka/.vinczky  and  I.  Gross.    April  14th.     (Ccmplete.) 

8.712.  "  Vacuum  light  tubes."  Moork-Licht  Akt.-Gks.  (Convention  date, 
April  15th,  1912,  Germany.)     April  14th.    (Complete  ) 

8,738.  "  Regulators  for  electric  igniting  apparatus."  J.  ScHtrxz.  (Conven- 
tion date,  November  29th,  1912,  Gei  many.)    April  14ih.    (Complete) 

8,741.  "  Contact  and  alarm  device."  A.  \'.  Cloriis  and  0.  T.  Clorics. 
(Convention  date,  April  13ih,  1912,  Denmark.)    April  t4lh.     (Complete.) 

8,746.    "Electro-pneumatic  systems  and  apparatus  for  railway  signalling." 

E.  C.  Irvinu  and  British  Pnki  matic  Railwav  Co.,  Ltd.    April  14th. 

8,787.  "Telephone  systems."  Automatic  Telephone  MAUCFACTrHiSG  Co., 
Ltd.,  and  W.  Aitkkn.     April  14th. 

8,792.  "System  for  the  ctmbined  generation,  storage,  distribution  and 
utilisation  of  electric  energy."  E.  V.  Hartford  and  L.  Mastbanoei,.  (Con- 
vention date,  June  19th,  1912,  United  States.)    April  14tb.    (Complete.) 

8,812.  "Electrical  motor  ccntiol  apparatus  with  slew-starting  handle  tor 
operating  the  same  and  the  liku."    W.  Hall.    April  15th. 

8,814.     "Telephone  callboxis."     F.  Hindlk  and  1.  Bottomlev.    April  15tb. 

8,821.  "Receiving  arrarcement  for  use  in  wireless  telegraphy  and  tele- 
phony." W.  P.  Thomi'son.  (Qes.  fur  Drehtlcse  Telegraphie  m.b.H.,  Ger- 
many.)   April  15th.    (Complete.) 

8  823.    "  Electrical   track  circuits  for  railway  signalling."    J.  Savers  and 

F.  B.  Holt.    April  15th. 

8.831.  "  Telephone  exchange  systems."  E.  B.  Corwin.  April  15th,  (Com- 
plete.) 

8  841.  "  Telephone  transmitters."  i.  C.  R.  Palmer.  April  16th.  (Con- 
vention date,  April  loth,  1912,  United  States.)    (Compkte.) 

8.865.  "Electric  controlling  valve  for  air  hrakes."  H.  GALLrssER.  (Con- 
vention date,  April  17lh,  1912,  Germany.)    April  15th.     (Complete.) 

8.866.  "Means  for  controlling  the  tlow  of  petrol  or  other  fuel  or  fuels  to 
the  carburetter  of  a  motorcar  or  like  vehicle,  and  for  controlling  the  igni- 
tion."    M.J.  W.Pike.     April  16th. 

8,878  "Switch-controlling  mechanism  for  electric  motors."  0.  Decker. 
April  )5th.    (Complete.) 

8,956.  "  Incandescent  body  for  electric  glow  lamps  and  process  (or  the 
manufacture  of  such  bodies."  A.  Just.  (Convention  date,  April  18tb,  1912, 
Huiig:iry.)    April  16th.    (Complete.) 

8,962.  "Electric  ovens  and  the  like."  R,  Weavikli  and  Ferranti,  Ltd. 
April  16th. 

8,964.  "  Ignition  dynamos."  C.  T.  Masoh.  (Addition  to  8.128, 1913.)  April 
16th.    (Complete.) 

8.9()8.  "  Arc  lamps  for  projection  ipparatDS."  T.  P.  Beven,  E.  A.  Ooldiko 
and  H.  J.  Pkarce.    April  16th. 

8,970.    "  Combined  batterv  box  und  push."    R.  H.  Bvx.    April  16th. 

8  985.  "  Metal  conduits  (or  electrical  conductors."  R.  N.  CrssiHOHAM. 
April  16th. 

9,008.  "  Jockey  adjustable  iiuUey  for  adjusting  dynamo  or  other  belts  on 
motorcars,  tricars  and  motor-oycles."  C.  Avlieke  and  J.  ATUitt. 
April  17tb. 


748 


THE    ELECTRICAL    IIE\^EW. 


[Vol. 


No.  l,S4'.i,  May  2,  191S. 


y.OO.i.  •'  Apparatus  (or  electric-  lighting,  heuting,  and  ventilating  of  railway 
carria):es  or  other  movirg  vehicles."  T.  FiBr.uaoN  and  J.  R.  Joiinstonk. 
April  ITth. 

9,0U.  "Electric  cable  coaplings."  J.  Stbatton  and  B.  A.  CLARtMONT. 
April  17(h.     (Complete.) 

9,016.    "  Fuses  or  cut  outs  for  electric  circnite."     V.  Hoi-e.    April  17th. 

'J,019.     "  Electric  heating  apparatus."    F.  B.  Cox.    April  17th. 

9,042.  "Galleries  and  holders  for  gas  ami  electric  globes,  lamps,  and  the 
like."    J.  V.  Willis.    April  17th. 

9,060.  "Cells  which  are  sensitive  to  light  and  provided  with  aluminium 
electrodes,  and  (or  which  acetone  is  used  as  electrolyte."  C.  Stille.  (Con- 
vention date,  April  24th,  1912,  Germany.)    April  17th.     (Complete.) 

9,070.  "  Electric-current  generators."  F.  W.  Howoktu.  (M.  P.  Ryderi 
United  States.)    April  IVtIi.     (Complete.) 

9,079.    "Electric  switches."    Q.  Inbio  and  Q.  Ikbig,  Ltd.    Aprill7th. 

9.091.  "Brash-holders  of  dynamo-electric  machines  and  other  electric 
machinery."  W.  White  and  T.  H.  Bacon,  trading  as  W.  White  4  Co. 
April  17th. 

9,100.  "  Electrical  instruments,  glow-lamps,  and  the  like."  A.  J.  Downes. 
April  17lh. 

9,105.  "Method  of,  and  means  for,  heating  substances  by  electricity." 
T.  W.  BROADiiENTandF.  W.  Davies.    April  ISth. 

9,107.  "  Variable  resistances  (or  electrical  currents."  J,  W.  Wabe. 
April  I8th. 

9,109.  "  Apparatus  for  minimising  the  destructive  action  of  electric  arcs, 
especially  applicable  to  electriq  cut-outs  and  fuses."     V.  Hope.    April  18th. 

9.111.  "  Multiplex  telegraphy."    E.  D.  Cather.     April  18th. 

9.112.  "Telephone  disconnector."    B.  Reace.    April  lt<th. 

9,129.  "  Means  for,  and  methods  of,  regulating  the  pressure  of  static  frequency 
changers."    A.  M.  Tatlob.    April  18ih. 

9.140.    "  Tliermostats   (or  controlling  electric  circuits."      A.  W.  Pbim  and 
F.  W.  RoPKB.    April  18th.    (Complete.) 
I   9,144.    "  Fuses  or  cut-outs  for  electric  circuits."    C.  W.  Cox,    April  18th. 

9,1m.  "Electric  control  rope-gripper  for  lifts  or  hoists."  M.  T.  Medway. 
April  18th. 

U.lii!).  "Observation  circuits  of  ttlephonc  systems."  Siemkks  Bros.  &  Co., 
Ltd.,  and   D.  A.  Christian.     April  isth.     (Complete.) 

9.1C7.  "Telephone  instrument  sets  adapted  (or  two  lines."  Siemens  Bros. 
and  Co..  Ltd.,  and  E.  A,  Laielaw.  (Addition  to  2.'i,ti73  of  1912.)  AunI  18th. 
(Complete.)  '^ 

W.lli'j.  "  Registering  circuits  for  automatic  te'ephone  exchanges."  Biemens 
AND  Halske  Akt.  Qes.  (CoDVcntion  date,  April  18th,  1912,  Germany.)  April 
18lh.    (Complete.)  j  i       f 

9.1(59.  "Telephone  exchanges."  Siemens  Bros,  i  Co.,  Ltd.  (Siemens  and 
Halske  Akt.-Ges.,  Germany.)    April  18th.     (Complete.) 

9.171.  "  Methods  of  equalising  the  load  on  systems  of  supply  for  alternating 
current  electric  motors."  8.  Eckmann.  (Addition  to  and  divided  application 
on  11,597  of  1912,  November  14th.)    April  18th.    (Complete.) 

9,179.     "  Electric  switches."    J.  Levewce-Petit.    April  18th.    (Complete.) 

9.201.  "  Electrical  device  for  the  illumination  of  watches  and  other  articles 
during  the  night."     L.  Fracvle  and  L.  Roche.    April  19th. 

9.202.  "  Apparatus  for  indicating  and  cutting  off  the  current  in  colliery  and 
other  electric  mains  when  leakageoccuri."  F.  C.  Anderson  andC.  A.  Atchlev, 
trading  as  Harland  Engineering  Co.     April  19th. 

9,205.    "Automatic  telephones."    J. M.  Fcrnival.    April  19tb. 

9,212.      "  Enclosed  electric   switches."      V,  Hope   and   E.  Thomas.     April 

9,246.  "  Electrically  controlled  adjusting  apparatus  intf  nded  particularly  (or 
ordnance."  F.  Kbupp  Akt.-Ges.  (Convention  date,  May  2ath,  1912,  Germany  ) 
April  19th.    (Complete.) 

9.260.  "  Variable-speed  djnamo-electric  machines."  L.  J.  Hcnt  and  Sandt- 
CKorr.  Ltd.     April  19th. 

9.261.  "  Alternating-current  dynamo-electric  machines  adapted  for  syn- 
chronous working."    L.  J.  Hdnt  and  Bandvcboft,  Ltd.    April  19th. 

9,204.  "Mounting  of  carbon  brush-holders  of  majineto-electric  ignition 
machines.  R.  Bosch  (firm  of).  (Convention  date,  February  22nd.  1913 
Germany.)    April  19th.    (Complete.) 

.  ^,?lh  /m?"''^'  ^°'  electric  vehicles."  F.  C.  V.  di  Casteleito.  (Addition 
to  9,406,  1912.  Convention  date,  April  20th,  1912,  France.)  April  9th.  (Com- 
plete.) 

9,270.  "  Electric  fuses,  lamps,  and  other  devices."  A.  F.  Berbt. 
April  19th. 

9,278.  "  Regulation  of  electric  installations."  H.  D.  Eam,.  Anril  19th. 
(Complete.)  " 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  285,  High  Holborn,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradfcrd  ;  price,  post  Xree,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1911. 


Engine  Startino  Detjce,    C.  F.  Kettering.    23,085.    December  27lh,    (June 

Load-f.dcaijsino  Abbahokments  fob  Electbic  Genkbators.    E.  C.  R.  Marks. 

(Akt.-Ges.  Brown,  Boveri  &  Cie.)    39,178.    December  28th. 
^^"Mnd^mY""*  ^^^''"°'    ^-  ^-  Kettering.    29,844.    December  80th.    (June 


1912. 

Method  roR  Pbobcci.'jo  Electbic  OscittATioNs  oa  ALTSHiiAtiso  Cuiisents. 

w.  p.  Thompson.    (Ges.  fur  Drabtlose  Telegraphic.)    16,827.    July  19lh, 
^"mn    ^""""^  Detonators.     J,   Sou.     16,E68.    July  iWtb.     (July  21st, 

'^°''I.*'7..?°''  '°*  ^S^r^'"'!"'  Electric  Moioks  ind  tbi  Like  to  the  Mains. 
E.  \\int8Ch.    18,i>9J.    August  19th. 

Elembio  Motor  Stabtibii,  Contbollem  and  Titr.  Like.    P,  3,  MofTett  and 
N.  B.  Rosher.    20,118.    Sspteiuber  Uh. 

^"aIn?;mh'!.'!.V«','L^^V7''."f''  l^i^^^lt"."  M»schiDeDfabHki  Akt-Oei.    80,9Sa. 
Beptember  I8th.    (OctJber  ilOtb,  1911,) 

Cibotiti.    a.  Taifo.    91,640.    September  8Ut. 
HioH-iEjuioK  Electbohiikrs.    11.  Bauer.    2(1.101.    Novemb«r  l»f. 
Electbo-maoveiic  Peiifobaiio>  op  Stbim  in  AccohoAHCE  with  the  Depbebbio» 

OF  the  Kcik  op  a  Kevcoabd  fob  TELEOBAcmcoaLiKE  PcRPOsEB.    Bifmens 

uroB.  A  Co.,Ltd,     (Biemens  A;  HaUke  Akt.  Oes.)    26,806.     November  16th. 
loNiTir.v  Bvstkmb.    C.  V.  Kottering.    00,091.     lJeccmberl7'h.     (April  17th,  1911. 

Divided  app.ication  on  No.  2i,'Mi  of  1911,  December  2Jnd.) 

MeTIIOI.  OF,  AND  AHARATCS  FOR,    CONIKOLLlRO    THE    HPEED    OF    A    MoVINO  BoDY 

7,771,     March  80th,     (April  6th,  1911.) 


Means  FUR  Regulatino  Dynamo  Machines.    H.  Leitncr.    7,776.    March  80lh. 

Teleorapbv.    E.  S.  Hourtley.    7,786.    March  .TOth. 

Electric  Insulators.    A.  R.  Muller.    7,972.     April  2nd. 

DvNAMO-ELECTRic  MACHINES.     C.   A.   Vaodcrvcll  and  A.   H.   Midgley.     8,040. 

April  3rd. 
Voltage    Heoulators  for  Electric    Genehatoe.s.      A.  H.    Olmsted.     8,063. 

April  3rd.    (Addition  to  No.  28,747  of  1911.) 
HiOH-FREyiENcy  Appaeatds.     VV.Dubilier.    8,196.    April  4th. 
Kelief  of  Gate  Fastenings  and  Electric  Signals  in  Connection  tdebewith. 

J.  Dickson  and  A.  Clark.    8,307.    April  6th. 
Electric  Teleobaph  TBANSMnTiNO  Systems  and  Appabatus  therefor.      E. 

Raymond-Barker.    8,852.     April  9th. 

ADAPI  ABLE  TBANSPf^RT  TitOLLEV  FOR  ElECTRIC  LiuHT  AND  PoWER  PENDANTS  AND 

THE  Like.     A.  liidei.     10,8t3.     May  2nd. 
Automatic    Signallino    Arbanoement    for    Tramway    Lines    or    Electric 

Railways.     D.  Samaia.    10,434.    May  2nd. 
Electric  Contbol  Systems.     British  Thomton-Houston  Co.    (General  Electric 

Co.)    11,466.     May  14th. 
Systems  fob  the   Eiectrical  Tbansmibsion    or    Pcweb    and    Simultaneous 

Telephonic,  Telegbaphic  or  Signalling  Pubfobes.    P.  V.  Hunter  mid 

W.L.  Shand.    13,355.    June  6th. 
Armoured   ELEfTRic  Cables.     Callcnder's  Cable  and  Construction  Co.    and 

C.  Pipkin.     14,157.    June  17lh. 
TuoLLEV  Heads  for  Electric  Tbaction.    J.  B.  Parker  and  J.  Smith.    16,022. 

June  27th. 
Automatic  Telephone  Cibcditi'.    Siemrns  Bros.   &  Co.,  Ltd.    iSiemens  and 

Halske  Akt.-Ges.)    18,856.    August  9th.    (Addition  to  No.  27,458  of  1909.) 
Galvanic  Cells.    J.  T.  Bzek  and  A.  Ezek.    IP, 404.    August  10th.    (August  12th, 

1911.) 
Telf.phone  System.     J.  Baumann.    18,676.    August  14th.    (August  14th,  1911.) 
Printing  Telegraph  Instruments.    E.  J.  Kessels.    21,332.    Septtmber  19th. 

(Patent  of  Addiiicn  not  granted.) 
Vapour    Electric    Appasatcs.      P.    C.    Hewitt.      S2,246.      September    SOtb. 

(October  lOth,  ISll.) 
Telf.phone  Receivers.     British  L.  M.  Ericsson  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  and 

A.  Brookes.     22,252.     Stptember  SOtli. 
Intercommunication  Telephone    Sjstems.      British  L.   M.    EricEscn   Munu- 

facturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  A.  Brookts.     2i,2E3.     bsptembtr  30th. 
Method  of  Producing  Hu.h-fbkqukncv  OsciLiATioNf.    K.  Bottgaidt     22,875. 

October  7th.    (October  6th,  I'Jll.) 
Electric  Switches.     J.   Liddle.     (Gordon  Electric  and  Manufacfuring  Co.) 

24,932.    October  31st. 
Telephones.     P.  L.  Jensen  and  E.  S.  Pridhain.    25,8£6.    November  lltb. 
Appliances    for    Producing    Electric    Oscillations.      H.    Krause.      28,£95. 

December  lllh.     (December  iOth,  1911.) 
Systems  for  Starting  Engines  or  the  Like.    C.  F.  Kettering.    29,070.    De- 
cember 17th.    (April  nth,",  1911.    Divided  applicaiicn  on  No.  28,103  of  1911, 

December  22nd.) 
Starting  Systems  fob  Internal-combustion  Engines.    C.  F.  Kettering.    29,063. 

December  17tb.    (April  17th,   1911.    Divided   application  on  No.  28,403  ol 

1911,  December  22nd.) 


1913. 

Telephone    Repeater    Circuits.      E.    Grissioger.      2,929.      February    4th. 

(Divided  application  on  No.  7,462  of  1912,  March  27th.) 
Telephone  Lines.    E- Urissinger.    2,631.    February4th.    (Divided  application 

on  No.  7,482  of  1912,  March  27ih.) 
Telephone    Receivebs.      E.    Grissirger.      3,'87.      February    lllh.      (Divided 

application  on  No.  7,482  of  1912,  March  27th.) 
Telephone    Sub-station    Cjrcuits.      E.    Grisfinger.      8,780.      February  ISth. 

(Divided  application  on  No.  7,482  of  1912,  March  27tb.) 
Systems  FOB  Starting  Engines  AND  THE  Like.     C.  F.  Kett  ring.    f04.    January 

7th.    (June  16th,  1911.     Divided  apphcationon  No.  29,085  of  1911,  December 

27th.) 
Wireless  Teleqr.vph  Instaliations  fob  Aebiai.  Vessels.    L.  Rouzet.    S47. 

January  13th. 
Abrangements  for  the  Static  Transformation  of  TsEEE-PHAf  e  Alternating 

CUBBENT     into     OnE-PHASE     ALIERNATINO     CuBRFNT     HAVINO    TREBLE     THE 

Frequency  of  the  Pbimabt  Cubrent.    F.  Spinelli.    2,471.    January  30ih. 
Telephone   Tbansmission  Circuit.      H.   C.   Egertcn.     2,749.      February  3rd 

(July  18th,  1912.) 
Contact  Make-andbreak  Devices  fob  Use  with  Electric  Flashing  Signs  and 

the  Like.    C.  de  Frettes.    8,006.    February  5th.    (February  28rd,  1912.) 
Electric  Meecuey  Switches.    T.  G  ruber.    4,297.    February  19th. 
Telephone  Receiver  Supports.    F.  S.  Maxwell.    5,802.    March  8th. 


Reorganisation    of   Paris    Tramways. — As   aheatJy 

noted  in  these  columns,  the  reorganised  Paris  tramway  system  will 
be  chiefly  supplied  from  generating  stations  at  St.  Denis  and  de 
Vitry,  but  the  present  compressed-air  station  atBillancourtwill  also 
be  equipped  with  13,500-volt,  25-cycle,  three-phase  generators.  Ring 
mains  will  be  carried  between  the  three  stations  and  sub-stations 
will  be  connected  along  the  eides  of  the  distributing  triangle  thus 
formed ;  this  arrangement,  which  is  one  of  the  characteriftic 
features  of  the  scheme,  ensures  maximum  security  of  supply.  The 
section  of  the  trolley  line  wires  is  C7  sq.  mm.  in  Paris,  and  87  sq.  mm. 
in  the  outer  areas.  The  axial  conduit  system  has  been  preferred  to 
the  lateral  conduit  owing  to  the  easier  replacement  of  the  running 
rails,  which  are  independent  of  the  former  system.  Further,  the 
slot  width  of  a  lateral  conduit  must  be  equal  to  the  groove  width 
(35  mm.),  of  an  ordinary  rail,  whereas  this  width  can  be  reduced 
to  25  mm.  (sufficient  to  admit  the  plough-arm)  in  the  axial  system. 
Provision  has  been  made  for  1,100  vehicles— representing  an  outlay 
of  close  upon  £1,000,000— including  350  motor-oars  carried  by 
two  axles  on  a  11  ft.  10  in.  wheel  base  ;  200  motor-ofirs  on  bogie 
trucks  with  unequal  wheels ;  100  jiiotor-cars  with  speoially  short 
wheel  bace  (10  ft.  9  in.)  ;  and  4. '50  trailer  vehicles  on  equal.whfel 
bogies.  The  oars  will  be  eleotrloally  lighted  and  heated,  end  a  few 
metal-fllament  lamps,  supplied  by  a  small  battery,  will  provide 
emergency  lighting  on  each  car  should  the  main  current  supply 
fail  for  any  reason.  The  Villette-Placo,  Nation  and  Auteuil-St. 
Bulpice  routes  are  already  electrically  operated,  and  part  of  the  old 
accumulator  system  has  been  converted  to  trolley  working,  and  ii 
now  operated  more  rapidly  and  economically  than  before. 


rrxiEX 


EXjECTI^/IO^Xj    I^/IE'VIE'W. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


MAY  1),  1918. 


No.  l,Hr,(). 


Vol.  Lxxn.] 


ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


CONTENTS  :  Mny  9,  1B18. 


[No.  I,8t0. 


MARCONI  CONTRACT :    ADVISORY   COM- 
MITTEE'S   REPORT. 


Marconi  Contract  :  AdviBory  Committee's  Report       

The  Cominpr  Position  in  Turkey 

"  Local  Representation  Necessary "         ...         ...         ...         ... 

Consultinir  Entrineers  in  Germany 
Oonstantinoplo  Railways   ... 

Notes  from  Canada 

Correspondence : — 

Prospects  in  Electrical  Engineering  

Long'-Scalo  Instruments         ...         ...         ...         ...         ... 

Static  Oharpros  in  Textile  Mills        

Omnibus  Li^htinp       

The  "Point  Five"  Meetings  (M.E. A.  Convention  Week), 
June  17th 

Report  of  Royal  Commission  on  Ilniversity  Education  ... 
Imperial  Wireless  System  :  Report  of  the  Advisory  Committee 

Legal 

Business  Notes         

Notes 

City  Notes 

The  Brompton  and  Kensinerton  Electric  Restaurant  (ill'us.^  ... 
New  Electricity  Works  at  Fusan,  Korea  {illus.) 

Stocks  and  Shares 

Electric  Tramway  and  Railway  Traffic  Returns  

Market  Quotations 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         

Metal  Market.— Fluctuations  in  April 

Trade  Statistics  of  South  Africa  .. .         

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

On  Phase- Advancing  CiZZM«.)... 

Standard  Clauses  for  Street  Lighting  Specifications 
Birmingham's  Proposed  New  Power  Station  (iZZ««.)    ... 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (illug.')      

Parliamentary  

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     ... 

Contractors'  Column       ...       Advertisement  pages  xxvi  and  x 


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THE  UNIVERSAL  ELECTRICAL  DIRECTORY 

(J.  A.  Berly's). 

1913     EDITION. 


H.  Alabaster,  Catehoute  &  Co.,  4,  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  E.C, 

[749] 


TnK  proceedings  of  the  Select  C'ommitt^;e  on  the  Marwjiii 
contract  have  recently  been  subject  to  mnsidcrabio  criliciHm, 
and  suggestions  for  a  speedy  conclusion  of  its  lalwurs  have 
been  freely  offered.  The  time  has  not  yet  arrived  for  an 
impartial  judgment,  and  the  circumstances  with  which  it 
has  to  deal  are  so  exceptional  that  in  the  end  some  justifi- 
cation may  be  found  for  an  unusual  method  of  procedure. 
But  whatever  opinions  may  be  held  of  recent  sittings,  credit 
must  be  given  to  the  Committee  for  a  recognition,  at  an 
earlier  stage,  of  its  limitations  and  a  desire  to  obtain  competent 
assistance.  At  the  meeting  on  .January  ]:5th,  it  reported 
that  it  was  unable  to  deal  adequately  with  the  technical 
features  of  the  contract  and  desired  the  appointment  of  a 
scientific  Committee,  which  should  report  thereon.  The 
Advisory  Committee,  as  we  recorded  at  the  time,  consisted 
of  Lord  Parker  (chairman),  Mr.  Duddell,  Dr.  Glazebrook, 
Sir  Alexander  Kennedy  and  Mr.  Swinburne,  with  Mr.  E.  H. 
Rayner  as  secretary. 

The  appointments  were  made  by  the  Postmaster-General. 
The  terms  of  reference  were  :  to  consider  and  report  on 
the  merits  of  the  existing  systems  of  long-distance  wireless 
telegraphy,  and  in  particular  as  to  their  capacity  for  con- 
tinuous communication  over  the  distances  required  by  the 
Imperial  chain. '  It  will  be  seen  that  the  terms  of  reference 
are  somewhat  narrow,  and  it  would  have  been  possible  to 
comply  with  them  strictly  and  submit  a  report  which  would 
not  be  of  much  practical  value  under  all  the  circum- 
stances. But  the  eminent  scientific  members  have  evidently 
not  overlooked  the  fact  that  science  is  '"organised 
common  sense,"  and  the  distinguished  judicial  member  of 
the  Committee  has  apparently  borne  in  mind  that  it  is  not 
possible  to  answer  every  question  by  a  simple  affirmative  or 
negative,  and  be  sure  that  justice  results.  The  provisions  of 
the  agreement  are  regarded  as  outside  the  terms  of  reference 
to  the  Advisory  Committee,  but  the  latter  safeguards  its 
position  by  stating  :  "  but  nothing  we  have  said  in  this 
report  must  be  taken  as  expressing  our  approval  of  such 
provisions."  The  common  sense  which  recognises  that 
the  Committee's  duties  had  relation  to  a  really  practical 
question  characterises  the  report  as  a  whole.  The  Com- 
mittee took  evidence  upon  known  systems,  and  advertised 
with  a  view  to  ascertain  whether  there  were  any  new 
inventions  or  improvements,  the  consideration  of  which 
might  be  useful.  But  apparently  there  are  no  budding 
systems  of  a  retiring  nature,  or  if  so,  their  inventors  are  still 
hiding  their  lights  under  bushels,  for  the  advertisement  led  to 
no  useful  result.  Evidence  was  taken  from  representatives  of 
the  various  systems,  such  evidence  being  given  in  private,  and 
treated  as  confidential.  A  brief  description  of  the  plant 
required  in  terms  which  even  a  House  of  Commons  Com- 
mittee covild  understand  leads  to  the  remark  that  "  the  term 


760 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [voi.  72.  No.  i,85o,  may  9, 1913. 


'  system  of  wireless  telegraphy '  is  not  really  apt,"  because  the 
major  portion  of  the  buildings  and  plant  could,  with  minor 
modifications,  be  used  equally  well  with  any  high-frequency 
generator  or  other  patented  device.  It  is  pointed 
out  that  each  company  or  firm  uses  apparatus  pro- 
tected by  its  own  patents,  and  has  to  avoid  the 
use  of  apparatus  protected  by  patents  belonging 
to  other  companies  or  firms.  Considerable  attention  is  given 
to  the  matter  of  patents,  as  might  be  expected  from  a  Com- 
mittee whose  chairman  has  had  so  wide  experience  of  patent 
law.  Some  qualification  may  be  necessary  for  the  state- 
ment that  "  the  existence  of  a  patent  may  seriously  inter- 
fere with  the  normal  development  of  an  industry," 
but  with  its  application  to  the  purpose  under  con- 
sideration, no  fault  will  be  found,  for  it  is  pointed 
out  that  a  competent  engineer,  if  asked  to  erect 
and  equip  the  wireless  chain  in  the  most  efficient  manner, 
might  desire  to  combine  apparatus  whose  combination 
would  be  difficult  if  not  impossible  because  of  the  existence 
of  patent  rights.  And  then  follows  a  statement  which  has 
been  made  by  critics  of  the  contract,  that  the  Government 
is  not  fettered  by  considerations  arising  out  of  patent  rights, 
but  can  use  any  patent  on  fair  terms  under  the  1907  Act. 

The  Committee  has  examined  the  various  "systems" 
and  describes  in  general  terms  their  principal  features.  The 
companies  or  firms  controlling  these  "  systems  "  were  invited 
to  give  practical  demonstrations.  It  was  in  regard  to  these 
practical  demonstrations  over  the  required  distance  that 
evidence  was  lacking  from  all  except  the  Marconi  Co.,  but  whilst 
recording  the  facts,  the  Committee  thinks  it  right  to  state  that, 
according  to  the  information  given,  it  was  in  several  cases  im- 
possible to  arrange  for  the  demonstration  within  the  short  period 
which  could  be  allowed  for  the  purpose,  iloreover,  the 
Committee  records  the  reported  achievements  of  each  system 
so  far  as  evidence  was  produced,  and  does  not  lose  sight 
of  the  possibilities  or  the  good  features  attending  each. 
"Wireless  telegraphy,  in  its  opinion,  is  in  a  condition  of  rapid 
development,  and  the  members  commit  themselves  to  the 
expression  of  opinion  that  this  development  will,  in  all 
probability,  involve  the  ultimate  substitution  of  continuous 
oscillations  for  spark  discharges.  But,  leaving  description 
or  forecast,  and  dealing  with  facts  and  demonstrations, 
the  Committee  report  that,  according  to  its  investi- 
gation, "  the  Marconi  .system  is  at  present  the 
only  system  of  which  it  can  be  said  with  any 
certainty  that  it  is  capable  of  fulfilling  the  require- 
ments of  the  Imperial  chain,"  which  is  the  answer  to 
the  "  in  particular  "  phrase  of  the  terms  of  reference.  But 
again  the  Committee  wisely  avoids  the  possibly  misleading 
effect  of  such  an  answer  if  unqualified,  for  the  qualification 
immediately  follows  in  the  words  :  "  but  this  must  not  be 
taken  to  imply  that,  in  our  opinion,  the  Marconi  Co. 
must  necessarily  be  employed  as  contractors  for  all  the  work 
required  for  the  Imperial  chain." 

The  confidence  which  was  felt  in  the  personnel  of  the 
Committee  on  its  appointment  will  only  be  strengthened 
by  its  report,  the  trend  of  which  may  be  said  to  confirm  the 
official  view  as  to  the  superior  facilities  possessed  by  the 
Marconi  Co.  for  carrying  out  the  contract,  but  so  far 
from  being  so  impressed  with  that  superiority  as  to  make 
onerous  terms  with  a  company  perhaps  unduly  confident 
of  its  superior  position,  the  Committee  thinks  that  in 
some  respects  it  might  "  be  better  for  the  Govern- 
ment themselves  to  undertake  the  construction  and  equip- 
ment of  the  necessary  stations,  acting  for  that 
puqKtse  under  the  best  technical  and  scientific 
advice  which  can  be  obtained,  and  employing  the  most 
suitable  contractors  for  the  various  portions  of  the  work  or 
plant."  At  the  same  time,  recognition  is  given  to  the 
fact — or  as  the  Committee  expresses  it,  "  it  may  be  said,  and 
8  no  doubt  the  fact " — that  the  Marconi  Co.  alone  has  had 


the  practical  experience  in  putting  down  stations,  organising 
traffic  and  staff,  and  in  coping  with  the  difficulties  that 
arise  in  a  new  industry,  "  and  the  value  of  such  experience 
may  well  outweigh  other  considerations  if  rapid  installation 
and  immediate  and  trustworthy  communication  is  desired." 
The  value  to  be  attached  to  such  experience  is  of  the 
essence  of  the  controversy  on  the  contract.  That  such 
exceptional  experience  at  the  moment  should  be  paid  for  by 
a  royalty  upon  the  gross  receipts  for  a  long  term  of  years 
gave  rise  to  one  of  the  foundation  criticisms.  The  official 
evidence  before  the  Select  Committee  indicated  that  the 
agreement  contained  ample  provision  for  the  termination  of 
the  royalty  period.  On  the  other  hand,  the  omission  of  any 
reference  to  the  possible  earlier  termination  of  the  royalty 
in  the  circular  to  the  shareholders  was  justified  by  the 
managing  director,  who  held  the  view  that  in  practice  the 
royalties  would  continue.  The  Select  Committee  will 
probably  be  saved  a  great  deal  of  trouble  in  determining 
this  part  of  the  contract  by  the  report  of  the  Advisory 
Committee.  After  recounting  various  features  of  wireless 
systems  which  are  under  development,  or  in  a  transition 
stage,  the  Committee  expresses  the  opinion  that  it  is 
"undesirable  that  in  constructing  and  equipping  the 
stations  of  the  Imperial  chain,  the  Post  Office  should 
be  pledged  to  the  continued  use  of  any  apparatus  now  used 
in  any  so-called  system,  or  be  subject  to  any  penalty  by  way 
of  continued  royalties  or  otherwise  for  the  disuse  of  any 
apparatus  which  may  be  installed  in  the  first  instance." 
It  considers  it  imperative  in  any  contract  that  may  be 
entered  into  that  complete  liberty  of  action  in  this  respect 
should  be  reserved.  All  the  stations  should  be  con- 
structed with  a  view  to  possible  and  probably  rapid 
developments  of  the  art,  and  two  should  be  used 
at  once  as  experimental  stations,  in  which  suggested 
improvements  may  be  thoroughly  tested.  Not  content 
with  suggesting  that  stations  should  be  available  for  test- 
ing, the  Committee  goes  further  and  dwells  on  the  necessity 
of  the  department  of  the  Government  working  the  industry 
being  willing  to  make  such  tests.  There  follows  a  para- 
gi-aph  which  in  character  with  the  general  tone  of  the 
report  prevents  any  misunderstanding  of  a  previous  state- 
ment. "  We  have  already  referred,"  it  says,  "  to  the 
possibility  that  the  existence  of  patents  may  fetter  the 
normal  development  of  an  industry.  A  Government  mono- 
poly may  stop  its  growth  altogether,  and  is  almost 
sure  to  do  so  unless  the  (lovernment  department  which 
works  the  industry  is  ready  to  welcome  and  test  any  new 
invention  and  improvement,  to  adopt  and  use  it  if  the  test 
be  satisfactory,  and  to  pay  for  it  on  fair  terms  if  adopted." 
On  a  subject  so  controversial  as  the  Marconi  contract,  it  is 
not  impossible  to  conceive  that  some  may  regard  such  au 
oliler  (lirlvm  as  outside  the  terms  of  reference  to  the  Com- 
mittee. We  should  not  be  disposed  to  argue  that  point, 
but  we  should  say  that  it  is  due  to  the  practical  common 
sense  of  the  Advisory  Committee  that  we  have  a  report 
(appropriately  dat«d  from  the  Royal  Courts  of  Justice)  that 
will  be  of  real  assistance  in  determining  the  practical  solu- 
tion of  a  question  which  involves  the  progress  of  science  as 
well  as  of  public  and  private  rights. 


Natueaj.ia  enough,  the  trade  of  Turk*  j 

The  Coming     has  been  greatly  interfered  with  for  somi 
Position  in        .  /  ,      „ 

Turkey.  ^"'""^  P^^^'  '"^^  exports  from  the  United 
Kingdom  during  lfi]2  were  lower  than  in 
either  of  the  two  preceding  years.  Our  imports  from 
Turkey,  on  the  other  hand,  were  the  highest  on  record  since 
\K)1,  the  chief  increases  being  in  barley  and  raisins.  In 
the  annual  report  of  the  British  Chamber  of  Commerce  of 
Turkey  there  are  given  numerous  detailed  figures  which  are 
likely  to  be  of  interest  to  anybody  who  wants  accurately  t" 
gauge  the  position  of  affairs.  The  Chamber  says  tha 
without  making  rash  prophecies  regarding  the  future  of  the 
country  and  the  territories  likely  soon  to  become  part  of 
the  Balkan  States,  both  belligerents  "  may  yet  surprise 
the  world  with  their  powers  of  recuperation."  It  is 
noteworthy  that  during  the  war  there  have  been  few  cases  of 


Vol.72.    No.  1,><50,  May  !i,  191.1.] 


TIIK    la.KCTIUCAI;    ItKVIKW. 


Ifj 


Htispeiision  of  piiymciit  in  Turkey,  and  linanciii!  Iiouhch  have 
cxjKjriciiced  little  loss.  "Tlie  (Jovernmcnt  lias  kept  its 
finiincial  oblijjations  with  sci-iipiilous  e.xiictitiide,  and  has 
never  for  a  moment  broken  faith  with  tlu;  creditors  of  the 
State."  We  reprint  from  the  report  tlie  appeal  of  tlu; 
Chamber  to  British  manufa(;turers  and  traders  to  assist  in 
sccurin},'  a  greater  British  hold  on  the  market  :- 

It  would  plonae  uh  to  Bee  our  countrymen  look  tluH  way  and  talu^ 
a  part  in  the  developmentH  that  niuHt  take  place  an  noon  aH  peace  ih 
reHtored.  Turkey,  as  well  a«  the  Italkan  Statec,  are  bound  to 
undertake  public  worksof  all  kiiulH  in  order  to  promote  the  well-being 
and  the  security  of  these  torritoriee,  sadly  lackinfr  in  the  elementary 
necessities  of  modern  civilisation.  We  hope  that  Great  Britain  will 
not  lap  behind  or  fail  to  profit  by  the  opportunities  which  will 
present  themselves  to  capitalists  and  industrialists. 

Karlier  in  the  same  report  there  is  a  warninf^  to  "  home; 
firms"  not  to  be  content  with  representation  by  "un- 
desirable agents."  The  Chamber  lias  itself  in  cases  recom- 
mended important  firms  to  make  clianges,  having  found  tliat 
though  their  goods  are  appreciated  on  the  market,  they  are 
doing  unsatisfactory  business  "  through  incompetent  or  un- 
scrupulous agents."  Unfortunately,  the  Chamber  has  occasion- 
ally been  appealed  to  respecting  such  matters  when  it  has  been 
too  late,  serious  mischief  having  been  done.  We  congratulate 
the  Chamber  on  the  growth  of  its  membership  (from  ;5():{  to 
856)  during  11)12,  following  upon  an  advance  from  211  to 
303  in  the  previous  year.  Further  comment  upon  some  of 
the  effects  of  the  disturbed  state  of  the  country  was  made  last 
week  in  the  report  of  the  Constantinople  Telephone  Co.,  the 
closing  sentences  of  which  show  that  the  company  is  already 
taking  appropriate  measures  for  securing  other  concessions  for 
establishing  telephonic  communication  elsewhere  in  the 
Ottoman  Em))ire.  It  is  almost  superfluous  to  suggest  the 
wisdom  of  taking  equally  prompt  and  far-seeing  action 
respecting  other  kinds  of  electrical  and  engineering  under- 
takings and  work  in  the^same  country. 


It  is  of  interest,  in  connection  with  the 
Constantinople  ^^^^.^  comments,  to  note  that  a  company 
has  now  been  formed  in  Constantinople 
under  the  title  of  the  Socic'te  Ottomane  des  (!hemins  de  Fer 
Metropolitain  de  Constantinople  for  the  purpose  of  working 
the  concession  granted  to  the  group  headed  by  the  Deutsche 
Bank  for  the  construction  and  operation  of  an  underground 
network  of  railways  in  the  Turkish  capital.  The  ordinary 
share  capital  amounts  to  £1,400,000  divided  into  70,000 
£20  shares,  all  of  which  have  been  subscribed  and  a  first 
instalment  of  10  per  cent,  has  already  been  paid.  As  the 
undertaking  is  expected  to  involve  an  expenditure  of 
£2,800,000,  it  may  be  assumed  that  the  difl'erence  between 
this  amount  and  that  of  the  ordinary  capital  will  be  raised 
by  the  issue  of  bonds.  The  directors  include  representatives 
of  the  German  Orient  Bank,  the  Imperial  Ottoman  Bank, 
the  Hungarian  General  Credit  Bank,  the  Societe  Centrale 
pour  r Industrie  Electrique  of  Paris,  the  Societe  Financiere 
de  Transports  of  Brussels,  the  Electric  Light  and  Power 
Investment  Co.  of  Berlin,  &c.  In  addition  to  the  main 
line,  the  concession  places  upon  the  holders  the  obligation  to 
construct  three  branch  lines,  and  the  former  has  to  be  com- 
pleted within  ih  years.  The  company  will  have  to  pay  to 
the  city  authorities  a  sura  of  £80(;  per  annum  per  mile  of 
railway  in  operation  and  a  further  sum  is  payable  for  the 
expenses  of  the  Imperial  commissariat.  The  concession  is 
for  a  periotl  of  years  extending  to  1!)',)3,  but  the  (iovernment 
reserves  the  right  of  acquiring  the  undertaking  at  any  time 
after  the  expiration  of  :)0  years. 

Apart  from  this  enterprise,  it  may  be  remembered  that  a 
concession  has  also  been  granted  to  the  firm  of  Lenz  &  Co., 
of  Berlin,  in  association  with  the  A.E.(r.  for  the  construction 
of  the  so-called  Bosphorus  electric  railway.  As  the  two 
railways  would  compete  with  each  other  over  a  short  dis- 
tance, negot  ations  are  in  progress  with  a  view  to  bringing 
al)out  a  mutual  understanding  so  as  to  obviate  any  rivalry. 


frcijucntly  how  they  arc  debarred  from  tcndurin((  unlcwt  they 
qiiulify  by  "  !r)c.d  n-preHentalion."  From  the  fioint  of  view 
of  the  country  <alling  for  the  work,  the  liiniUition  thu« 
imposed  upon  ontKJderH  may  bo  jHrfdily  rcjiHoniibie,  and  it 
is  useiesH  girding  ut  it.  Wo  have  got  to  fall  in  with  it 
whether  we  like  it  or  not,  or  eJm;  Iokc  the  chanw  of 
filling  business  with  Government  hepartmentH  and  public 
undertakings  in  certain  <ountries.  The  stipulation  is  imjj'^sed 
by  Scandinavian  anihoritieH  imd  by  Sj^nisli,  but,  uh  thoii^h 
with  a  desire  U)  prevent  a  desirable  tenderer  from  diHminmng 
the  matter  precipitately,  there  is  a  hurriedly  added  clanw; 
indicating  that  such  local  representation  need  not  Ik;  fjcrsonal, 
but  may  be  through  a  natiee  agent. 

There  are  often  Itusiness  possibilitiea  justifying  the 
appointment  of  such  agents,  where  a  branch  would  not 
appear  to  be  warranted.  But  it  is  not  only  European 
countries  that  impose  such  limitations  as  we  have  indicated 
above.  Our  own  Colonies  are  increasingly  impressing  upon 
U8  the  need  for  ellicient  representation  "  on  the  sfx^t,"  and 
in  some  cases  they  actually  insist  upon  it.  The  reasf^nable- 
ness  of  being  right  there  to  sei'ure  business  has  I>een  realised 
by  a  number  of  our  IJritish  electrical  firms,  but  it  may  be 
that  those  who  have  failed  to  adopt  the  advice  when  it  has 
iicen  given  by  Consuls,  trade  experts,  and  by  our  humiile 
selves,  may  Hud  it  easier  to  repent  in  presence  of  Colonial 
and  foreign  compulsion. 

The  JJ/i/ish  and  South  African  Export  Gitzeilfi  has  some- 
thing to  say  on  the  matter,  basing  its  observations  upon 
the  announcement  by  the  Durban  municipality  expressly 
stipulating  for  local  representation  by  tenderers  for  electric 
meter-testing  equipment.  Our  contemporary  points  out 
that  there  is  no  lack  of  choice  among  the  many  South 
African  firms  of  high  repute,  and  a  suitable  qualifying 
arrangement  might  be  made  with  one  of  these  in  the  absence 
of  ability  to  have  one's  own  branch.  We  have  many  times' 
regretted  the  shortness  of  time  allowed  for  firms  to  tender 
for  Colonial  contracts,  and  we  believe  that  there  has  been 
some  improvement,  but  as  time  goes  on  will  it  be 
reasonable  to  expect  public  authorities  to  inconvenience 
themselves  by  allowing  longer  than  is  actually  necessary  !' 
The  deniand  for  attendance  on  the  spot  must,  it  seems  to  us, 
increase  rather  than  decrease,  and  we  have  got  to  see  that  our 
representation  is  up  to  such  a  standard  of  efficiency  that  it 
will  make  the  clinching  of  bargains  possible  without  reference 
home,  and  in  face  of  foreign  competitive  methods.  But  we 
have  said  this  fid  nauneam — yet  we  must  say  it  again.. 


Readers  who,  either    as  a    matter  of 

"  Local  general   interest  or  in  search  of   business 

Representation  ■.      ,.•  ^         ,   3      c  t\.  c 

Necessarv  "     oppPi'tunities,  make  a  study  of  the  mass  of 

contract  information   that  we  put  before 

them  in  the  course  of  a  year  will  have  observed  somewhat 


TiiK  position  of  consulting  engineers  in 

lonsuHiDR       (Jcrmany  cannot  be  a  very  happy  one,   if 
Engineers  m  ,       •' .        ,  ,    /       "•' 

Germany.        credence  is  to  be  attached  to  a  statement 

made  in  the  Prussian  Diet  in  the  course  of 
the  proceedings  on  April  llUb,  in  connection  with  the  second 
reading  of  a  Government  Bill  to  authorise  the  conversion  to 
electric  traction  of  the  Berlin  City  and  Circle  railways.  As 
is  known,  the  Bill  had  previously  occupied  the  attention  of 
a  commission,  whose  proceedings  were  private,  although  an 
official  report  in  a  brief  form  was  issued  at  the  termination 
of  each  day's  sitting,  summarising  the  general  course  of  the 
deliberations.  The  commission  called  for  and  heard  expert 
evidence  on  the  ])roposals  for  electrification  of  the  railways  in 
question,  but  the  names  of  the  witnesses  have  not  been 
disclosed.  The  reason,  according  to  the  statements  made  in 
the  Prussian  Diet  by  Ilerr  von  Pappenheim,  is  quite  simple, 
although  showing  a  surprising  state  cf  affairs.  When  the 
experts  were  examined  by  the  commission,  and  were  asked 
to  intimate  their  opinions,  they  almost  invariably  expressed 
the  wish  that  the  attitude  they  assumed  should  not  be 
allowed  to  be  made  public,  and  that  their  names  should  also 
be  withheld,  as  they  feared  that  they  would  have  to  suffer 
injury  in  the  further  progress  of  their  science  and  profession 
from  those  at  the  back  of  the  (Iovernment  scheme.  Com- 
menting on  this  statement,  a  Berlin  newspaper  remarks  that 
affairs  have  thus  so  far  advanced  in  the  electrical  industry 
that  experts  outside  of  the  large  undertakings  apprehend 
personal  disadvantages  if  they  express  opinions  which  differ 
from  the  business  interests  of  these  undertakings  : 


752 


IHE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW, 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,850,  May  9,  1913. 


NOTES    FROM    CANADA. 


[from  our  own  correspondext.] 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

Letteri  rteeived  by  \c*  after  6  P.M.  ON  TtiESDAT  cannot  appear  wttil 
the  following  xoeek,  Corretpondentt  thould  forward,  their  commvni- 
catwnt  at  the  earliett  potrible  nunnent.  No  letter  can  he  publUhed 
unlet!  iM  Aa«0  the  torUer't  name  and  address  in  our  poitettion. 


The  Calgary  Power  Co.  is  developing  another  water-power 
on  the  Bow  River  at  Kananaskis  Falls ;  it  is  intended  that 
this  shall  be  run  in  parallel  with  the  existing  plant  at 
Horseshoe  Falls.  The  output  of  the  new  plant  will  be  about 
12,000  H.P.,  under  a  70-ft.  head,  as  there  will  be  two 
6,000-H.p.  turbines  coupled  to  two  5,100-k.v.a.  12,000-volt 
three-phase  generators. 

The  town  of  Kamloops,  B.C.,  has  decided  to  spend 
£50,000  on  a  hydro-electric  plant,  and  £13,000  in  improv- 
ing and  extending  the  electric  lighting  system. 

The  Industrial  Commissioner  of  Ottawa  has  just  issued  a 
map  showing,  among  other  things,  the  water-powers  within 
a  radius  of  (JO  miles  of  the  city ;  these  are  estimated  to  be 
capable  of  developing  a  minimum  (at  low  water)  of 
2,300,000  H.P.,  and  it  is  stated  that  150,000  h.p.  is  at 
present  developed. 

The  Toronto  newspapers  have  lately  been  full  of  discus- 
sion of  the  question  as  to  whether  the  city  should  buy  the 
Toronto  Street  Railway  Co.  and  the  Toronto  Electric  Light 
Co.,  both  of  which  are  owned  by  the  Mackenzie  iV:  Mann 
interests.  A  short  length  of  municipally  owned  tramway 
has  already  been  in  operation  for  a  few  months,  and  other 
sections  now  under  construction  will  be  ready  before  long. 

The  idea  of  purchasing  the  Street  Railway  Co.'s  equip- 
ment is  with  a  view  to  the  unification  of  the  city's  transport 
facilities,  which,  owing  to  the  rapid  growth  of  Toronto,  fall 
far  short  of  providing  an  efficient  service  for  the  thousands 
of  persons  wishing  to  use  the  trams ;  this  results  in  the  cars 
being  dangerously  overcrowded  to  an  extent  which  would  not 
be  tolerated  for  a  moment  at  home. 

The  Ontario  legislature  passed  a  Bill  a  few  days  ago, 
empowering  the  Hydro-Electric  Power  Commission  to  inves- 
tigate and  report  upon  the  cost  of  constructing  and  operating 
electric  railways  in  any  locality  where  power  is  supplied  by 
the  Commission. 

^lunicipal  corporations  may  be  authorised  to  enter  into  an 
agreement  with  the  Commission  (1)  for  the  construction, 
equipment  and  operation  of  an  electric  railway,  to  be 
operated  by  power  supplied  by  the  Commission  ;  (2)  for  its 
construction  by  the  Commission,  and  for  its  operation  by  the 
municipality  :  (3)  for  its  construction  and  operation  by  the 
corporation  or  corporations,  and  in  either  case  for  the  supply 
of  electric  power  by  the  Commission,  which  body  will  control 
rates,  character  of  service,  equipment,  and  location  of  lines. 
The  whole  burden  of  cost  will  fall  on  the  municipalities 
interested. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  some  weeks  ago  these  "Notes" 
contained  the  information  that  the  representatives  of  a 
number  of  towns  had  met  together  and  passed  a  resolution 
calling  upon  the  Hydro-Electric  Power  Commission  to 
investigate  and  report  upon  the  subject  of  electric  railways 
for  the  Province.  The  foregoing  is  the  outcome  of  that 
resolution.  There  can  be  no  question  that  such  light  radial 
Unes  as  are  contemplated  would  be  a  very  great  boon  if  tliey 
could  be  made  a  commercial  success.  The  small  towns  and 
villages  desire  to  have  better  communication  with  the  big 
cities,  both  for  pleasure  and  profit  ;  the  big  cities,  especially 
Toronto,  are  greatly  in  need  of  such  communication,  in 
order  that  the  produce  of  farmers  and  market  gardeners  may 
be  more  expeditiously  and  cheaply  brought  thereto.  Owing 
to  bad  roads,  at  certain  seasons  of  the  year  it  is  practically 
impossible  for  many  farmers  and  others  to  get  their  produce 
into  the  large  markets,  while,  on  the  other  hand,  prices  in 
those  markets  are  excessive,  owing  to  the  shortage  thus 
caused.  The  radial  railways  would  benefit  the  whole 
community. 


Strike, — A  Leicester  newspaper  says  that  the  strike  of 
electricians  there  for  big'her  wages  is  causing  little  inconvenience 
to  the  trade,  as  sufficient  men  are  at  work  to  keep  things  going. 
It  is  said  that  only  28  employes  are  out.  Another  paper  said  last 
week  that  five  local  firms  and  70  men  were  affected,  and  that 
firms  outside  the  E.G. A-  bad  agreed  to  the  advance  from  8^d.  to  9-1. 
perihoar. 


Prospects  in  Electrical  Engineering. 

In  reference  to  Mr.  Alderton's  reply  to  my  letter  of  the 
11  th  ult.,  kindly  allow  me  to  state  that  the  same  is  a  mean, 
cowardly,  and  illogical  attack.  Mean  because  it  is  all 
assumption  without  any  reasonable  ground,  cowardly  because 
my  letter  does  not  allude  to  any  personal  grievances  in  parti- 
cular, and  illogical  because  in  the  lines  to  which  he  refers 
I  deal  with  two  classes  of  individuals  and  obviously  cannot 
be  likened  unto  both,  and,  again,  because  in  his  argument  he 
assumes  his  premise,  then  takes  it  for  granted  and  draws  his 
conclusion,  which  is  absurd.j 

In  regard  to  my  lack  of  ability  to  discriminate  between 
appointments  having  probabilities  and  those  having  possi- 
bilities, I  suggest  this  is  merely  "  bluff,"  but,  in  any  case, 
although  his  advertisement  is  made  use  of  as  a  typical 
example,  my  remarks  are  applicable  in  numerous  other 
instances. 

If  Mr.  Alderton  will  only  take  the  trouble  to  read  intelli- 
gently my  second  letter  in  this  week's  issue  of  the  Review 
on  the  above  subject,  especially  the  last  paragraph,  he  will 
observe  that  I  am  not  the  type  of  engineer  he,  for  the  sake 
of  argument,  assumes  me  to  be. 

A.  C.  Blacli, 

Hon.  Sec,  A.E.S.E.  (Liverpool  District). 

Bootle,  Jf«j/  bth,  l'.tl3. 


Long-Scale  Instruments. 

Referring  to  Mr.  Davies's  letter  which  appeared  in  your 
issue  on  April  18th,  I  am  sorry  he  did  not  confine  himself 
to  history.  He  writes,  however,  in  what  he  believes  to  be 
the  cause  of  justice,  and  then  proceeds  to  discredit  my 
patents. 

"Where  the  inferred  injustice  lies,  it  is  somewhat  difficult  to 
see,  and  also  why  he  is  interested  in  taking  up  the  cudgels  on 
behalf  of  the  other  firms  who,  he  states,  are  *'  manufacturing 
these  instruments,"  as  they  have  the  same  channels  open  to 
them  as  my  firm  for  making  known  their  goods. 

But  who  are  these  others  whose  cause  Mr.  Davies 
champions  ?  Readers  will  acknowledge  that  until  my 
company  introduced  long-scale  instruments  for  direct  current 
they  were  comparatively  unknown. 

As  for  himself,  ^Ir.  Davies  has  no  cause  to  feel  aggrieved, 
since  he  has  bad  20  years'  start  in  which  to  develop  his 
instrument,  and  with  all  the  knowledge  at  his  disposal,  it  is 
surprising  that  his  instrument  is  not  now  the  most  popular 
instead  of  being  of  mere  historic  interest. 

It  is  also  interesting  to  note  that  Mr.  Davies  did  not  deem 
it  worth  while  to  continue  his  patent  for  more  than  six 
years.  The  Thompson  patent  which  he  quotes  was  also 
allowed  to  expire  in  nine  years  ;  therefore,  had  these  patents 
been  all-  that  could  be  desired,  it  is  strange  it  was  left  to 
me  to  produce  the  first  commercial  and  practical  instrument. 

Mr.  Davies,  in  his  letter,  refers  to  his  statement  in  the 
Philosojihiral  Magazine  for  August,  18t}',t,  that  he  had 
"arranged  for  the  active  use  of  even  three  sides  of  the 
coil,"  but  he  omitted  to  mention  that  in  the  same  article  he 
stated  "  but  it  has  the  rather  serious  disadvantage  of  being 
complex  in  design  and — I  am  afraid— difficult  to  build." 

I  am  more  than  surprised  that  Mr.  Davies,  with  all  his 
experience,  should  fall  into  such  a  blunder  as  to  look  upon 
the  gap  in  my  instrument  as  a  constructional  necessity. 
Furthermore,  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  he  did  not  choose 
froni  amongst  my  patent  drawings  a  more  representative 
sketch  of  my  instrument,  especially  as  he  appeals  to  engineers 
to  observe  the  gap,  which  he  did  not  reproduce  in  his  illus- 
tration. 

As  for  the  attack  on  my  patent  claims,  what  I  claim  and 
what  I  do  not  claim  are  open  for  anyone  to  read  who  cares 
to  consult  the  patent  specifications,  so  I  do  not  propose  to 


Vol.72.    No.  1,850,  Mat  9,  191H.] 


THE    EliECTllICAL    REVIEW. 


703 


discuss  the  "dignity  of  the  clainis"  lierc  ;  there  are  other 
places  wlicre  they  ciiii  he  iirgiicd  to  grciitcr  ndvantagc. 

Ill  coiichisioii,  perhaps  I  may  he  pardoned  for  adding 
that  several  eminent  engineers  and  instrnnient  makers  who 
have  seen  my  insLrnment,  have  heen  s]K)rtsmen  enough  to 
admit  that  I  have  succeeded  where  others,  including  them- 
selves, have  failed. 

The  Record  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd., 

.1.   WESTMORELANn   ReCOBD. 

London,  S.W.,  May  ?,r(l,  l!)i;^. 


Static    Cliarges    in    Textile    Mills. 

I  should  be  much  obliged  if  any  reader  (jould  give  me 
some  information  regarding  a  method  of  neutralising  electric 
charges  which  arc  formed  on  silk  or  woollen  materials  during 
the  process  of  manufactuie.  i  believe  apparatus  has  been 
brought  out  for  dealing  with  this  trouble  in  paper  mills. 
Names  of  firms  manufacturing  apparatus  for  this  purpose 
would  also  be  esteemed. 

Static. 


Omnibus  Lig:hting. 


T  am  operating  some  direct-current  petrol -electric  motor- 
omnibuses  of  the  Tilling-Stevens  type,  in  which  the  dynamo 
varies  from  a  minimum  of  1 5  v.  to  a  maximum  of  350  v. 
1  should  like,  if  possible,  to  be  able  to  get  the  lighting  on 
the  vehicles  from  the  dynamo,  rather  than  have  to  put  in 
a  small  one  of  the  usual  car-lighting  type. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  learn  if  any  of  your  readers  know  of  a 
system  that  is  adapted  for  this  purpose.  Of  course,  I  do 
not  expect  the  lighting  to  be  done  without  a  small  storage 
battery,  which  would  have  to  be  connected  in  some  way  with 
the  main  supply. 

Enquirer. 


The  "  Point  Five  "  Meeting  (M.E.A.  Convention  Week), 
June  17th. 

I  have  been  asked  to  make  it  quite  clear  as  to  the  persons 
entitled  to  attend  the  above  meeting.  On  behalf  of  the 
Association,  I  would  like  to  say  that  it  was  the  wish  of  our 
members  at  the  Bradford  meeting  that  any  persons  interested 
in  pushing  the  use  of  electricity  for  domestic  purposes  would 
be  welcomed,  whether  technical  men  or  laymen.  Manu- 
facturei's  will  be  specially  welcome. 

In  order  that  the  Committee  may  make  arrangements  for 
the  place  of  meeting,  it  is  necessary  that  all  who  propose  to 
attend  should  let  me  know  not  later  than  May  22nd. 


London,  W.,  May  2nd,  1913. 


A.  Hugh  Seabrook, 

IIo/i.  Secretary, 


Report  of  Royal  Commission  on  University  Education. 

One  would  have  thought  that  engineering  was  a  sufficiently 
important  subject  to  have  a  faculty  all  to  itself,  for  even 
music  has  a  separate  faculty.  At  present  engineering  is  a 
sort  of  excrescence  of  Science.  The  Commissioners  propose 
that  it  should  be  mixed  up  with  something  else,  and  the 
compound  called  "  Technology,"  so  that  if  this  should  ever 
come  to  pass  some  of  our  distinguished  engineers  will  be 
able  to  state  that  they  have  the  U.Ts.  (/>.,  that  they  each 
possess  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Technology)  !  !  !  "  which," 
as  Euclid  would  have  said,  "  is  absurd,"  and  being  absurd, 
it  cannot  be.  Therefore  let  us  have  a  separate  faculty  for 
the  important  subject  of  engineering,  and  let  the  degrees  be 
B.E.  and  D.E.  (Bachelor  and  Doctor  of  Engineering),  which 
would  be  understood  by  the  man  in  the  street. 

A.  S.  £.  Ackermajin,  B.Sc.  (Engineering).* 


*  Note  our  present  clumsy.degree  !     The  abbreviation  (save  the 
mark  1)  is  oificial. 


IMPERIAL    WIRELESS    SYSTEM  : 
REPORT    OF    THE    ADVISORY    COMMITTEE 


The  Coiniiiitteo  appointed  by  the  I'oHtmaiitcrOencral  connidted  of  : 
—The  Hiifht  lion,  the  Lord  Parker  of  WaddinifUin  (chairman); 
W.  Duddell,  Ehc).,  r.R.S.  ;  Dr.  R.  T.  (ilazebrook,  C.H.,  F.B..'*.  ;  8lr 
Alexander  H.  W.  Kennedy,  F.IIS.  ;  and  .J.  Swinburne,  Knfj.,  F.R.8., 
witli  E.  II.  Rayner,  Eh(i.  (secretary). 

The  Report,  which  Ib  dated  April  30th,  1913,  in  abntractcd 
below  ; — 

Immediately  after  our  appointment  we  took  meaBureH  to  aacer- 
tain  what  syBteraB  of  wircleHB  telejjraphy  there  were  in  exiHtence, 
and  by  whom  such  systemH  were  controlled.  These  ByBtemg  appear 
to  be  the  foUowinpr :-  (I)  The  Alarconi.  controlled  by  the  Marconi's 
Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd.  ;  (2)  The  Tolefunken,  controlled  in 
this  country  by  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  ;  (:i)  The  Poul.Hcn,  cfjntroUed 
in  this  country  by  the  Universal  Radio  Syndicate  ;  (1)  The  Oold- 
schmidt,  controlled  by  the  Aiiprlo-Freiich  Wireless  Co.  ;  and  (5)  The 
Galletti,  controlled  by  the  Galletti's  Wireless  Telejfraph  and  Tele- 
phone Co. 

It  appears,  however,  that  the  Admiralty,  while  in  the  main 
makinp  use  for  communication  between  His  Majesty's  ships  and 
shore  stations  and  between  ship  and  ship,  of  apparatus  similar  to 
that  employed  by  the  Marconi  Co.,  claim  nevertheless  to  have  intro- 
duced important  improvements.  These  improvements  may  lie  of 
some  materiality  ;  for  the  Admiralty  desire  that  each  station  in  the 
proposed  chain  shall  be  capable  of  communicating:  with  Hia 
Majesty's  ships.  It  should  be  considered,  therefore,  whether  any 
system  adopted  by  the  Post  Office  for  the  purposes  of  the  Imperial 
chain  ought  not  to  be  capable  of  being  worked  in  conjunction  with 
the  Admiralty  appliances,  especially  as  to  the  wave-lengths  to  be 
employed. 

We  have  heard  evidence  on  1 1  days.  We  have  also  personally 
visited  and  inspected  the  several  stations  and  works  mentioned  in 
the  Second  Schedule  to  this  Report. 

The  term  "  System  of  Wireless  Telegraphy  "  is  not  really  apt. 
Each  company  or  firm  engaged  in  working  a  wireless  station  ns^s 
apparatus  protected  by  its  own  pat^iits  and  has  to  avoid  the  use  of 
apparatus  and  devices  protected  bv  tee  patents  belonging  to  other 
companies  or  firms.  The  main  differences  in  the  apparatus  and 
devices  at  present  in  use  cent/t  in  the  high-frequency  generator  : 
but  there  are  other  apparatus  or  devices  protected  by  patents,  such 
as  special  aerials,  diffjrent  types  of  automatic  high-speed  trans- 
mitters and  of  recei  7';ra  and  recorders.  Any  company  or  firm  which 
makes  use  of  ap;,aiatu8  or  devices  which  others  are  precluded  from 
using  because  of  toe  existence  of  some  patent  may  claim  to  have  ita 
own  system  of  wireless  telegraphy,  but  the  term  "system"  is 
misles d!c/,  inasmuch  as  by  far  the  major  portion  of  the  buildings 
and  y  wnt  could  with  minor  modifications  be  used  equally  well  with 
any  ri'/.i-'rcjuency  generator  or  other  patented  device. 

The  -zistence^of  a  patent  may  seriously  interfere  with  the 
norma  J  c  fevelopment  of  an  industry,  for  it  tends  to  prevent  the 
general  use  of  the  means  best  adapted  for  securing  the  end  in  view. 
It  may  well  be  that  a  competent  engineer,  if  asked  to  erect  and 
equip  in  the  most  efficient  manner  a  chain  of  wireless  stations  such 
as  the  Post  Office  contemplates,  would  desire  to  combine  apparatus, 
the  combination  of  which  is  difficult  if  not  impossible  because  of 
the  existence  of  patent  rights.  In  this  connection  we  desire  to  lay 
stress  on  the  fact  that  the  Government  is  not  fettered  by  con- 
siderations arising  out  of  patent  rights,  but  can  use  any  patent  on 
fair  terms  under  Sec.  29  of  the  Patents  and  Designs  Act.  1907. 

Subject  to  the  above  criticism  on  the  use  of  the  word  "'system," 
the  existing  systems  of  wireless  telegraphy  may  be  divided  into 
two  classes  according  to  the  type  of  high-frequency  generator 
used.  In  the  first  class,  the  production  of  high-frequency  currents 
depends  on  spark  discharges  giving  groups  of  oscillations  and  there- 
fore intermittent  trains  of  ether  waves.  In  the  second  class,  the 
generator  produces  oscillations  which  for  practical  purposes  may  be 
treated  as  continuous,  and  therefore  as  giving  continuous  ether 
waves. 

To  the  first  class  belong  the  Marconi  and  Telefunken  systems, 
and  to  the  second  class  the  Poulsen,  the  Goldschmidt  and  possibly 
the  Galletti  systems. 

The  Poulsen  high-frequency  generator  is  a  modification  or  deve- 
lopment of  the  singing  arc  fed  by  direct  current. 

The  Goldschmidt  high-frequency  generator  is  a  dynamo,  giving 
an  alternating  current  of  a  fundamental  frequency  of  the  order  of 
10,000  periods  per  second.  The  frequency  is  increased  by  the  use 
of  suitably  tuned  oscillation  circuits,  each  successive  circuit  adding 
the  fundamental  frequency  of  the  machine. 

The  Galletti  generator  involves  a  series  of  spark  gaps  arranged 
to  operate  in  a  cycle,  so  that  the  discharge  of  each  causes,  and  is 
immediately  followed  by,  the  discharge  of  the  next  in  the  series, 
the  sequence  of  discharges  being  so  rapid  that  the  resulting  oscilla- 
tions may  be  viewed  as  practically  continuous. 

Though  at  present  making  use  of  generators  depending  on  spark 
discharges  producing  groups  of  oscillations,  both  the  Marconi  Co. 
and  the  Telefunken  Co.  are  developing  and  experimenting  with 
generators  of  their  own,  producing  continuous  oscillations.  The 
Marconi  continuous  high-frequency  generator  consists  essentially 
of  a  rapidly  rotating  contact-maker  in  a  direct-current  circuit,  with 
special  dispositions  of  other  circuits  to  give  continuous  oscillations 
in  the  aerial.  The  Telefunken  continuous  high-frequency  generator 
consists  of  an  alternator  constructed  to  give  as  high  a  fundamental 
frequency  as  may  be  convenient  in  the  first  instance,  the  frequency 
being  doubled  or  quadrupled  by  a  polarised  transformer  method. 
In  making  use  hereafter  of  the  term  Marconi  system  or  Telefunken 
system,  we  do  not  include  either  of  these  generators. 


754 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,850,  May  9,  1913. 


In  order  to  test  the  efficiency  of  the  various  systems  to  which  we 
have  referred  for  the  purposes  of  the  Imperial  chain,  we  invited 
the  companies  or  firms  by  which  these  systems  are  controlled  to 
give  as  practical  demonstrations  thereof,  if  possible  on  a  com- 
mercial scale,  and  if  possible  over  distances  of  2.000  miles  and 
upwards.  Except  in  the  case  of  the  Marconi  system  we  did  not. 
however,  obtain  any  demonstrations  on  a  commercial  scale,  or  any 
demonstration  over  a  distance  of  even  1,000  miles.  It  is  right,  how- 
evei.to  state  that,  according  to  the  information  given  to  us,  it  was  in 
several  cases  impossible  for  the  companies  concerned  to  arrange 
for  the  demonstration  as  desired  within  the  short  period  which  we 
conld  allow  for  the  purpose. 

In  order  that  we  might  test  the  Marconi  plant  at  Clifden,  the 
Postmaster- General  permitted  us  to  avail  ourselves  of  the  services 
of  a  ^mall  staff  of  skilled  operators,  who  stayed  there  for  a  complete 
week,  keeping  continuous  watch  on  the  actual  commercial  working 
between  Clifden  and  Glace  Bay,  and  reporting  to  us  very  fully. 
These  reports,  for  which  the  Committee  acknowledge  their  indebted- 
ness to  Mr.  S.  E.  J.  Burrow  and  his  assistants,  contain  full  and 
valuable  evidence  as  to  the  commercial  working  of  the  plant  now 
in  use. 

We  then  went  to  Clifden,  and  the  Marconi  Co.  put  the  station  at 
our  disposal.  Through  the  courtesy  of  the  Canadian  Government, 
we  were  represented  at  Glace  Bay  by  ;Mr.  C.  P.  Edwards,  general 
superintendent  of  the  wireless  service  of  the  Canadian  Government, 
who  had  the  assistance  of  one  of  his  operating  staff.  Mr.  Edwards 
was  provided  with  a  number  of  sealed  me.ssages  by  our  secretary, 
and  he  was  instructed  to  open  and  superintend  the  transmission  of 
these  when  and  as  requested  by  the  Committee  at  Clifden,  and  to 
take  charge  of  .similar  messages  sent  from  Clifden  to  Glace  Bay, 
and  to  send  them  by  post  to  the  sf  cretary.  Mr.  Edwards  made 
reports  and  comments  from  time  to  time  during  our  visit,  and 
dispatched  a  detailed  account  to  us  later. 

The  Marconi  Co.  use  at  their  Clifden  station  a  high-frequency 
generator,  in  which  condensers  charged  from  the  high-tension 
batteries  are  discharged  bv  projections  which  are  fixed  on  a  rapidly 
rotating  wheel,  and  which  pass  close  to  metal  disks  on  each  side  of 
it.  Each  discharge  produces  a  group  of  high-frequency  oscillations 
in  a  primary  circuit,  according  to  the  company's  usual  practice. 
We  observe  that,  for  the  purposes  of  the  Imperial  chain,  they  pro- 
posed to  charge  the  condensers  from  an  alternator  through  a  high- 
tension  transformer,  as  is  their  practice  elsewhere,  including  the 
long-distance  station  at  Coltano.  This  method  is,  in  our  opinion, 
preferable. 

At  Clifden  the  Marconi  Co.  use  their  directive  aerial  ;  and  they 
have  a  second  separate  station  for  receiving  from  Glace  Bay  with- 
out bcLDg  disturbed  by  the  simultaneous  sending  at  Clifden.  They 
demonstrated  duplex  working  while  we  were  at  Clifden  and  Mr. 
Edwards  was  at  Glace  Bay,  all  interference  of  the  outward  waves 
being  eliminated,  though  the  strength  of  the  received  signals  was 
somewhat  reduced. 

The  Marconi  Co.  is,  we  are  satisfied,  working  on  a  commercial 
scale  between  Clifden  and  Glace  Bay.  a  distance  of  about  2,300 
miles,  though  at  present  the  number  of  messages  transmitted  either 
way  is  not  so  great  as  to  require  duplex  working  or  high-speed 
transmission.  We  were,  however,  present  when  messages  were 
transmitted  automatically  at  the  rate  of  r,0  words  (of  five  letters) 
a  minute,  and  we  see  no  reason  why  this  rate  should  not  be  con- 
siderably increased  if  it  becomes  necessary.  The  communication 
is  practically  continuous,  though  there  are,  uo  doubt,  periods  when 
the  signals  become  very  weak,  and  even  occasional  periods  when 
no  signals  can  get  through.  Periods  of  this  nature  are  due  to 
natural  conditions,  and  will  be  incident  to  the  working  of  any 
system.  During  such  periods  communication  can,  in  our  opinion, 
be  ensured  only  by  the  use  of  great  power  in  the  aerial.  We  under- 
stand that  for  this  reason,  and  having  regard  to  the  increased  power 
required  for  high-speed  transmission,  the  Jlarconi  Co.  proposed  to 
employ  for  the  Imperial  stations  practically  double  the  power  now 
used  at  Clifden.  Even  so  we  think  there  may  be  periods  when 
communication  is  impracticable,  especially  in  tropical  regions 
where  atmospheric  disturbances  may  be  expected  to  cause  more 
diflBculty  than  over  the  Atlantic. 

With  regard  to  the  Telefunken  system,  which,  like  the  Marconi, 
is  largely  used,  its  practicability  on  a  commercial  scale  for  distances 
of  2,000  miles  has  not  yet  been  proved.  Experiments  are  now  being 
made  between  Nauen  and  Togo,  a  distance  of  4,000  miles,  and  the 
results  indicate  that  communication  over  this  distance  is  already 
possible  at  night. 

With  regard  to  the  Pouleen  system,  we  are  satisfied  that  it  is 
practicable  for  short  distances.  The  Poulsen  arc  has  been  tried 
between  San  Francisco  and  Honolulu,  a  distance  of  about  2.100 
miles,  but  as  to  its  practicability  over  this  distance  we  have  no 
evidence  except  that  which  was  in  the  possession  of  the  Post  Office 
long  before  our  appointment.  The  results  obtained  do  not  appear 
to  have  been  very  satisfactory.  In  our  opinion  the  power  used  was 
insufficient.  No  one  tendered  any  evidence  on  behalf  of  the  com- 
pany which  is  working  between  .San  Francisco  and  Honolulu,  and 
the  firm  controlling  the  system  in  this  country  was  apparently  in 
ijfnorance  of  how  it  is  now  working  in  America.  We  have  recently 
been  informed  of  important  experiments  between  Arlington  and 
the  U.S.S.  ship  SaUm  and  between  Arlington  and  Gibraltar,  using 
both  the  ark  and  spark  transmission  ;  but  full  details  are  not  yet 
before  ns.  We  conclude  that  if  the  Poulsen  system  is  to  be  so 
developed  as  to  be  practicable  for  commercial  purpoKs  over  dis- 
tances cf  2,000  milts  or  upwards,  the  arc  will  have  to  be  cor- 
etiucted  fo  as  to  supply  the  aerial  with  higher  power,  or  use  wiU 
have  to  be  made  of  a  more  sensitive  receiver. 

Similarly,  with  regard  to  the  Goldecbmidt  sjst«m,  it  is  no  docbt 
sncccBsfol  over  shcit  distances,  and  the  only  thing  required  to  make 
it    iKctieable  ever   Icng  dihtsnces  is  a  machine  of  the  Eecetsary 


power.  When  the  Goldschmidt  station  near  Hanover  and  the 
(jorresponding  station  on  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic  are  complete 
and  in  working  order,  we  expect  that  communication  between  them 
will  be  established  by  the  use,  either  alone  or  in  conjunction  with 
improved  receiving  apparatus,  of  the  Goldschmidt  machine  which 
we  inspected  at  the  station  near  Hanover,  and  which  was 
admirable  both  in  design  and  workmanship. 

Though  continuous  waves  may  be  somewhat  more  efficient  than 
intermittent  trains  of  waves,  and  though  the  strength  of  the  received 
signals  may  probably  be  increased  by  the  use  of  improved  receiving 
apparatus,  we  are  of  opinion  that  having  regard  to  the  experience 
of  the  Marconi  Co..  and  in  view  of  the  demand  likely  to  arise  for 
high-speed  transmission,  it  would  be  desirable  in  the  first  instance 
to  insist  on  high  powers  for  the  Imperial  chain  whatever  system  be 
adopted.  At  present,  with  the  exception  of  the  Goldschmidt 
machine  at  the  station  near  Hanover,  we  have  seen  no  continuous 
high-frequency  generator  capable  of  putting  into  the  aerial  as  much 
power  as  is  put  in  by  the  Marconi  Co.  at  Clifden  for  their  trans- 
Atlantic  service.  We  may  add  that  both  the  Puulsen  arc  and  the 
Goldschmidt  machine  are  admirably  adapted  for  high-speed  trans- 
mission. Though  we  have  not  seen  transmission  by  either  at  a 
higher  speed  than  in  the  e^se  of  the  Poulsen  arc  70,  acd  in  the  cas-e 
of  the  Goldschmidt  machine  (iO  words  a  minute,  we  have  no  doubt 
that  these  speeds  could  be  increased.  We  have  had  no  evidence 
as  to  the  practicability  of  the  Galletti  system  even  over  short 
distances. 

We  report,  therefore,  that  according  to  our  investigation  the 
Marconi  system  is  at  present  the  only  system  of  which  it  can  be 
said  with  any  certainty  that  it  is  capable  of  fulfilling  the  require- 
meats  of  the  Imperial  chain,  but  this  must  not  be  taken  to  imply 
that,  in  our  opinion,  the  -Marconi  Co.  must  necessarily  be  employed 
as  contractors  for  all  the  work  required  for  the  Imperial  chain. 
Indeed,  in  some  respects  it  might,  we  think,  be  better  for  the 
Government  themselves  to  undertake  the  construction  and  equip- 
ment of  the  necessary  stations,  acting  for  that  purpose  under  the 
best  technical  and  scientific  advice  which  can  be  obtained,  and 
employing  the  most  suitable  contractors  for  the  various  portions  of 
the  work  or  plant.  On  the  other  hand,  it  may  be  said,  and  is  no 
doubt  the  fact,  that  at  the  present  moment  the  Marconi  Co.  alone 
has  had  practical  experience  of  the  sort  of  longdistarce  work 
required,  including  experience  in  putting  down  stations,  in  organ- 
ising the  traffic  and  stafif,  and  in  coping  with  the  difficulties  that 
arise  in  a  new  industry,  and  the  value  of  such  experience  and 
organisation  may  well  outweigh  other  considerations,  if  rapid 
installation  and  immediate  and  trustworthy  communication  be 
desired. 

Further,  in  our  opinion  wireless  teli  graphy  is  in  a  condition  of 
rapid  development,  and  this  development  will  in  all  probability 
involve  the  ultimate  substitution  of  high-frequency  generators 
producing  continuous  oscillations,  for  high-frequency  generators 
dependent  upon  spark  discharges  which  produce  groups  of  oscilla- 
tions. Continuous  oscillations  should  allow  of  more  accurate  tuning 
andgreaterselectivity,andmay  be  better  adapted  for  use  incon  junction 
with  improved  receiving  apparatus.  The  need  of  high-fieqnency 
generators  producing  continuous  oscillations  has  long  been  felt  by 
telegraph  engineers,  and  h&s  led  to  the  various  devices  for  the 
generation  of  continuous  high-frequency  oscillations  to  which  we 
have  already  referred. 

The  only  continuous  high-frequetcy  generator  we  have  yet  seen 
tried  with  success  over  long  distances  is  the  Marconi  continuous 
high-frequency  machine  to  which  we  have  already  referred.  For 
the  purpose  of  witnessing  trans- Atlantic  experiments  with  this 
machine  we  paid  a  second  visit  to  Clifden  and  experiments  were 
made  with  it  in  our  presence.  Using  it  Mr.  Marconi,  on  the  26th 
and  27th  of  AprU,  1913,  sent  from  Clifden  to  Glace  Bay  messages 
prepared  by  us  for  the  purpose,  such  messages  being  at  our  request 
at  once  repeated  from  Glace  Bay  by  means  of  the  company's 
ordinary  plant  and  correctly  received  at  Clifden.  The  power  put 
into  the  aerial  by  this  machine  for  the  purpose  of  the  experiments 
was  not  sufficient  for  commercial  purposes,  but  there  seems  no 
reason  why  higher  power  should  net  be  obtained. 

These  experiments,  in  our  opinion,  warrant  the  belief  that  all  or 
any  of  the  devices  for  the  generation  of  continuous  waves  to 
which  we  have  referred  may,  at  no  distant  date,  be  shown  to  be 
capable  of  successful  use  for  the  purpose  of  long-distance  wireless 
telegraphy.  Many  engineering  firms  are  also  engaged  in  design- 
ing high-frequency  alternators,  and  it  seems  probable  that 
various  other  devices  suitable  for  long-distance  wireless  tele- 
graphy may  shortly  be  available.  Again,  there  is  some 
evidence  that  the  design  of  the  aerial  is  in  a  tran- 
sition stage.  At  present  there  are  engineering  difficulties  in 
building  perfectly  satisfactory  aerials  for  the  longer  waves  which 
appear  to  be  most  appropriate  to  long-distance  telegraphy.  Aerials, 
especially  high  aerials,  are  frequently  blown  down  or  damaged  by 
wind. 

The  directive  aerial  used  in  the  Marconi  system  has  the  advantage 
of  not  requiring  very  great  height  and  of  giving  preference  in  the 
desired  direction.  Its  use  in  connection  with  the  separate  receiving 
station  comparatively  close  to  the  transmitting  aerial  makes  duplex 
working  practicable.  We  see  no  reason  why  this  form  of  aerial 
should  not  be  capable  of  use  with  any  form  of  high-frequency 
generator.  Moreover,  the  development  of  the  aerial  may  facilitate 
the  use  of  still  longer  waves  for  long-distance  work,  and  this  may 
profoundly  afifect  the  problem  of  the  high-frequency  generator,  by 
rendering  possible  the  employment  of  simple  alternators  for  the 
production  of  the  frequeney  required,  high  though  it  must  still  be. 

Receiving  plant  may  take  many  foims.  Thus  the  first  receiver 
may  be  a  crystal  contact  or  seme  discharge  valve  on  the  lines  erf 
the  Fleming  valve,  and  this  may  work  any  one  of  various  kinds  of 
relay  ;  and  the  record  may  le  made  by  a  Morse  inker,  by  photo> 


Vol.  72.    No.  l.Hr.ii,  May  (»,  I'JlH.l 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RKVIEW 


755 


(fraphy,  by  a  phonograph,  by  himplo  telephone  or  otherwise.  There 
is  a  wide  fiold  hiTO  for  experiment  and  dj-velopinent. 

Havinif  regard  to  tlioKo  factH,  it  in,  in  our  opinion,  undffiriil  1« 
that  in  connlriiotiinf  and  c'(iiiippinif  the  htationH  of  the  Inipi^riul 
chain  the  I'oHt  Ollloe  nhould  be  pledged  to  the  continued  uhc  of  any 
apparatus  now  used  in  any  so-callid  RyHletn,  or  be  subject  to  any 
penalty  by  way  of  continued  royalties  or  otherwise  for  the  disuse 
of  any  nppaiatus  which  may  be  ioHtallcd  in  the  first  iostarce.  It 
in,  we  con»ider,  imperative  that  in  any  contract  which  may  be 
entered  into,  the  Pont  Ollice  should  renerve  complete  liberty  of  action 
in  this  roBpect.  Further,  the  wtationM  should  be  constructed  and 
equipped  with  a  vit  w  to  the  possible  and  prol)ably  rapid  dcvelop- 
nii  ut  of  the  art,  and  we  think  it  would  be  wii-e  that  at  any  rate 
two  of  the  stations  should  be  used  at  once  not  only  for  commercial 
purposes,  but  as  experimental  stations  in  which  the  various  high- 
frequency  irenerators  hereinbefore  referred  to,  and  alfo  any  sug- 
gested improvement  in  any  part  of  the  apparatus,  should  as  far  as 
poswible  be  thoioughly  tested.  This  would  involve  the  employ- 
ment of  a  hlirhly-lrained  staff  with  aii  rnffineer  of  special  know- 
ledge and  of  hiph  standing  at  their  head,  but  the  information  thus 
obtained  would  be  invaluable  for  the  construction  and  cfiuipment 
or  the  improvement  in  the  design  of  the  stations. 

Even  when  all  the  stations  are  constructed,  equipped  and  in 
workintj  order,  we  do  not  think  it  would  be  wise  to  ceafe  using- 
some  of  the  stations  for  experimental  purposes.  We  have  already 
referred  to  the  possibility  that  the  existence  of  patents  may  fetter 
the  normal  development  of  an  industry.  A  Government  monopoly 
may  stop  its  growth  altogether,  and  is  almost  .«uie  to  do  so  unless 
the  (iovernment  department  which  works  the  industry  is  Teady  to 
welcome  and  test  any  new  invention  or  improvement,  to  adopt  and 
use  it  if  the  tett  be  satisfactory,  and  to  pay  for  it  on  fair  terms  if 
it  be  adopted.  For  the  purpose  of  testing,  examining  and,  if 
necessary,  further  developing  any  new  invention  or  suggested 
improvement  in  wireless  telegraphy,  a  trained  staff  with  an 
engineer  of  special  knowledge  and  standing  at  its  bead  will  be 
necessary.  Under  the  guidance  of  such  a  staff  and  engineer  we  see 
no  reason  why  the  Post  Office  wireless  stations  should  not  be 
ultimately  equipped  with  apparatus  far  more  efficient  than  that 
now  used  in  any  so-called  system,  more  especially  as  the  Post  Office 
will  be  able  to  combine,  in  spite  of  existing  patent  rights,  apparatus 
or  devices  which,  because  of  the  existence  of  such  rights,  cannot 
now  be  combined  by  anyone  else. 

We  desire  to  add  that  the  provisions  of  the  agreement,  now  the 
subject  of  inquiry  by  a  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
are  not,  in  our  opinion,  within  the  terms  of  our  reference  ;  but 
nothing  we  have  said  in  this  report  must  be  taken  as  expressing  our 
approval  of  such  provisions. 

Schedule  I. 

Pnii   I. — Kamfis  of  Witnexxes  hnnd  on   hehalf  nf  the   Com  pit  nil's  or 

Finii.s  interested. 

Dr.  R.  Goldschmidt  (Goldschmidt). 

Dr.  J  Erskine  Murray  (Goldschmidt  f  nd  Poolfen). 

Mr.  Rappis  (Galletti) 

Mr.  G.  Marconi  (Marconi). 

Mr.  Hird  (Telefuuken). 

Prof.  Pedersen  (Poulsen). 

Mr.  Campbell  Swinton  (Poulsen). 

Prof.  SilvanuB  Thompson,  F.R.S.  (Poulsen). 


J'arf  II- 


Xnmes    of    ]\'it>iex.'e.<i    ihrited    ly    the    Cvnimillee  to  i/ire 
etidenee. 


Vice-A(5miral  Sir  fif  nrv  B.  Jackson. 
Commander  W.  R.  W.  Kettlewell,  R.N. 
Lieut.  D.  W.  Roe  R  N. 
Lieut.  J.  A.  Slee,  R.N. 


C(  mmander  Lorirg,  R,N. 
Mr.  H.  A.  Madge. 
Mr.  J.  E.  Taylor. 
Sir  Oliver  Lodge. 


Schedule  II. — Statimi.t  and   ^yorlts   T  ixiied. 
Admiralty  Station,  Whitehall. 
Admiralty  High-Power  Station,  Horsea 
H.M.S.    Vernon. 
(xoldscbmidt  Station,  Slough. 
Marconi  Station,  Clifden,  Ireland. 
Messrs.  Bergmann's  Works,  Berlin. 
Messrs.  Lorenz's  Works,  Berlin. 
Telefunken  Station,  Nauen. 
Poulsen  Woiks,  Copenhagen. 
Poulsen  Wireless  Station,  Lyngby. 
Goldschmidt  Station,  Neustadt,  Hanover 
Post  Office  Station,  Cullercoate, 


Mr.  ir.  E.  Duke,  K.O.,  and  Mr.  Lailey  represented  the  plaintlffH, 
and  Mr.  L.  Sanderson,  K.('.,  and  Mr.  McCftrdio  repreB^nted  the 
defendantc. 

Mil.  DiiKi-:  stated  that  at  the  cejmmencement  of  I'Jl  I  the  plaintiffM 
established  in  Paris  a  Heparate  ctllc«,  and  apiJoint«d  an  manaK^r 
there  Mr.  A.  C.  Locheniei'.  Towards  the  i:lo««  of  \'J\\.  bariofr 
regard  to  large  contracts  the  plaintiffs  undertook.  Mr.  Keen,  the 
plaintiffs'  manager  in  Europe,  considered  it  prudent  to  obtain  a 
fidelity  guarantee  bond  f(jr  Mr.  Ijocbenies.  In  a  communication  to 
the  defendants,  they  applinl  for  a  it  1,000  bond.  The  defendant* 
on  March  oth  wrote  that  the  application  for  a  bond  for  the  £1,000 
had  been  accepted  by  them  at  a  premium  of  £•>  Ss.,  and  that  on 
the  plaintiff's  advising  them  that  the  rate  of  premium  was  accepted, 
the  bond  would  be  prepared  and  forwarded.  Mr.  Keen  hod  occasion 
to  go  to  America  on  a  short  visit,  and  the  plaintiffs'  London 
accountant  asked  the  defendants  in  a  letter  to  peirmit  the  rjuestion 
to  remain  open  pending  Mr.  Keen's  return.  On  .\pril  Mth  that 
gentleman  returned  to  London,  and  on  that  day  his  representative 
paid  the  premium  and  received  the  bond,  which  was  dated  .March 
8th.  At  the  time  the  premium  was  paid  (said  counsel)  there  was  a 
suspicion  that  Mr.  Lochenies  had  left  Paris.  Mr.  Keen  went  to  Paris, 
and  found  that  Mr.  Lochenies  had  disappeared  with  the  proceeds  of 
a  draft  for  a  considerable  sum.  Mr.  Keen  wrote  to  the  defen'Jants, 
who  rejilied  alleging  that  they  had  been  imposed  upon,  and  were 
under  no  liability.  Counsel  proceeded  to  argue  that  the  bond  waa 
issued  on  March  8th,  and  that,  therefore,  the  defendants  were  liable 
in  regard  to  it. 

Mr.  Sandkrho.v,  for  the  defendants,  contended  that  the  risk 
covered  by  the  policy  did  not  commence  to  run  until  the  premiom 
was  paid,  and  that,  as  Mr.  Lochenies  had  disappeared  with  money 
belonging  to  the  plaintiffs  before  the  payment  was  made,  the 
defendants  were  not  liable. 

At  the  close  of  the  evidence  and  legal  arguments,  Mu,  Dike 
incidentally  expressed  regret  that  his  learned  friend  on  the  other 
side  should  have  thought  fit  to  criticise  the  attitude  of  Mr,  Keen. 

His  LdRDSHiP  (emphatically)  :  I  may  say  that  there  is  not  the 
slightest  reflection  on  Mr.  Keen,  in  my  opinion. 

After  an  adjournment  his  Lordship  held  that  the  plaintiffs  had 
made  out  their  case,  and  granted  the  declaration  a^kcd  for,  with 
costs. 


District  Iron  and  Steel  Co.,  Ltd.,  ;-.  Armobdcct 
Manupactubing  Co.,  Ltd. 

In  the  King's  Bench  Division  on  Saturday,  May  Hrd,  Mr.  Justice 
Channell  had  before  him  an  action  brought  by  the  District  Iron 
and  Steel  Co,  Ltd.,  of  Smethwick,  Birmingham,  against  the 
Armorduct  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  whose  works  are  at  Witton,  near 
Birmingham.  The  plaintiff's  claimed  the  balance  of  acconnt  due  in 
respect  of  a  class  of  steel  known  as  "  Strip''  supplied  to  the  defen- 
dants, and  the  Armorduct  Co.,  in  addition  to  asserting  their  right 
to  a  cash  discount  of  2i  per  cent.,  counterclaimed  a  rebate  with 
reference  to  anterior  transactions  relating  to  clcse-j(  int  iron  and 
steel  tubes.  In  the  latter  connection,  reference  was  made  to  a 
circular  sent  out  in  March,  1907,  informing  buyers  of  fuch  tubes 
that  they  would  be  paid  a  deferred  rebate  in  respect  of  orders 
given  to  firms  who  had  signed  the  circular.  Such  pajunent  was  to 
be  conditional  upon  the  purchasers  confining  their  orders  for  the 
tubes  to  members  of  the  Association  that  was  formed,  and  to  their 
being  in  no  way  interested  in  the  manufacture  of  the  tubes  other- 
wise than  as  proprietors,  partners,  directors  or  shareholders  in  one 
or  more  of  the  firms  and  companies  in  question.  It  was  stated,  in 
evidence,  that  the  defendants,  who  manufacture  electrical  appli- 
ances, bought  the  "  Strip  "  steel  for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing 
these' tubes,  and  his  Lordship,  holding  that  this  was  in  violation  of 
one  of  the  terms  of  the  circular,  gave  judgment  in  favour  of  the 
plaint'ft's  on  both  claim  and  counterclaim,  with  costs. 


OsRAM  Lamp  Works  Co.,  Ltd.,  r.  The  Electrical 
Manupactubing  Co. 

In  the  Chancery  Division  on  Friday,  May  2nd,  before  Mr.  Justice 
Eve,  this  motion  was  again  mentioned  by  Mr.  Tomlin  for  the 
defendants.  Counsel  stated  that  he  had  agreed  with  Mr.  Gray  for 
the  plaintiff  company,  that  subject  to  his  Lordships'  sanction,  the 
matter  should  stand  over  generally. 
His  Lordship  :  Very  well. 


LEGAL. 


Allis  Chalmers  Co.  r.  The  Fidelity  and  Deposit  Co.,  of 
Mabylanp. 

In  the  King's  Bench  Division,  Mr.  Justice  Phillimore,  on  May  1st, 
concluded  the  hearing  of  this  action,  brought  by  plaintiffs,  manu- 
facturers of  electrical  machinery,  and  cariying  on  business  in  the 
United  States,  London,  Paris  and  elsewhere,  against  the  defendant 
company,  of  Old  Broad  Street,  B.C.,  the  plaintiffs  seeking  a  declara- 
tion that  a  fidelity  guarantee  bond  for  £1  000  was  valid.  Liability 
was  repudiated  by  the  defendants  in  regard  to  the  bond. 


Stretpord  U.D.C.  '•.  Gorton,  Ltd. 

In  our  istue  of  December  20th,  1912,  under  the  heading  "Feeder 
Pillars  Again,"  we  recorded  a  breakdown  in  connection  with 
"Stretford  electric  supply  system.  This  occurrence  had  its  8(  quel 
in  the  Manche.ster  Assize  Courts  on  May  1st,  when  the  Stretford 
U.D.C.  claimed  damages  in  respect  of  injuries  to  property  (a  feeder 
pillar  damaged  to  the  extent  of  £122),  by  a  runaway  horse 
belonging  to  Messrs.  John  Gorton,  Ltd.,  carriers,  defendfnts  in  the 
actiop.  For  the  plaintiffs  it  was  contended  that  the  driver  of  the 
vehicle  should  not  have  removed  the  bit  frcm  the  horse's  mouth, 
as  thereby  control  of  the  animal  was  lost.  For  the  defence  it  waa 
shown  that  it  was  the  proper  thing  to  remove  the  bit  for  the  horse 
to  drink.  Veterinary  surgeons  were  called  by  both  sides  on  this 
point,  and  ultimately  the  jury  gave  a  verdict  for  the  defendants. 


766 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,850,  May  9,  1913. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Patent  Xot ices.— Patent  Xo.  9,U5,  granted  in  1911 
to  Chas.  Rudolph  for  "  Improvements  in  onions  or  coaplings  with 
bayonet  joints,"  has  been  revoked. 

Book  \otices.— "The  National  Form  of  Building 
Contract."  By  W.  A'alentine  Ball  and  W.  H.  Hope.  1913.  London  : 
The  I^iral  (jon^rnmi^nt  Joi/rnal.     Price  6s. 

"Introductory  Electricity  and  Magnetism."  By  Carl  W.  Hansel. 
1913.     London  :  W.  Heinemann.     Price  2s.  6d.  net. 

"  Procerdin(j.i  of  the  Physical  Society  of  London."  Vol.  XXV, 
Part  3.  AprU  15th,  r.tl3.  London:  Electrician  Printing  and 
Publishing  Co.,  Ltd.     Price  4s.  net. 

"  Proceedings  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers."  Vol. 
XXXIX,  No.  i.     April,  lttl3.    New  York  :  The  Society. 

"The  School  of  Mines  Quarterly."  Vol.  XXXIV,  No.  .S.  April, 
1913.     New  York  :  Columbia  University.     Price  50  cents. 

"The  Physical  Review.'  Vol.  I,  No.  4.  April,  1913.  Lancaster, 
Pd. :  The  American  Physical  Society. 

^^  Triinxaitions  of  the  Illuminating  Engineering  Society."  Vol. 
VIII,  No.  3.  March,  1913.  New  York  :  The  Society.  Price 
75  cents. 

"BiilMin  Men'uel  Societe  Beige  d  Electriciena."  Vol.  XXX, 
March,  1913.     Brussels  :  E.  Bruylant.     Price  1  fr.  75  cents. 

"  La  Tolegraphie  sans  fil,  la  Ti't'mecanique  et  la  Teli'phonie  sans 
fil  a  la  portee  de  tout  le  monde.'  By  E.  Monier.  1<M3.  Paris: 
H.  Dunod  .V:  E.  Pinat.     Price  2  fr.  50  cents. 

"  Life  Test  and  Economical  Study  of  Incandescent  Lamps." 
By  T.  Hirobe  and  R.  Mitsuda.  January,  1913.  Tokio,  Japan  : 
Electro-Technical  Laboratory. 

"Atti  dclla  Associazione  Elettrotecnica  Italiana."  Vol.  XVII, 
Nob.  7  and  8.  April  15th  and  30th,  1913.  Milan  :  Stucchi,  Ceretti 
and  C.    Price  L.  1.50  each. 

"  Buletin  de  la  Sociedad  de  Fomento  Fabril."  Vol.  XXX,  No.  3. 
March  Ist,  1913.     Santiago,  Chile.  The  Society. 

The  Riiihcay  and  Tr-irel  Munthly  for  May  is  a  special  Argentine 
number.  It  contains  a  number  of  illustrated  articles  on  the 
Central  Argentine  Railway,  and  on  some  of  our  great  British 
railways,  a  number  of  the  pictures  being  excellently  produced  in 
colour. 

BankrnptcT  Proceedings. — Chas.  Mvsker,  electrical, 

A:o.,  engineer,  1,  Northumberland  Avenue,  W.C. — An  application 
for  an  order  of  discharge  was  made  on  May  2nd  to  Mr.  Registrar 
Brougham  at  the  London  Bankruptcy  Court.  Mr.  W.  P.  Bowyer, 
Official  Receiver,  reported  that  the  applicant  failed  in  September. 
1912.  Proofs  of  debt  amounting  to  £6,364  had  been  tendered  by 
creditors  :  the  assets,  vslued  by  the  bankrupt  at  £450,  had  realised 
£31,  and  a  further  £100  was  likely  to  be  received.  In  1889  the 
bankrupt  and  a  brother  commenced  business  in  partnership  as 
C.  A:  A.  Mnsker,  electrical  and  hydraulic  engineers,  at  Bootle  and 
sold  the  undertaking  in  1895  to  a  limited  company,  of  which  they 
became  managing  directors.  In  1901,  in  order  that  further  capital 
might  be  raised,  a  new  company,  entitled  C.  A:  A.  Musker  (1901), 
Ltd.,  was  formed,  which  took  over  the  business,  acquired  further 
machinery  and  erected  new  buildings  at  Tuebrook,  Liverpool,  the 
applicant  and  his  brother  continuing  to  act  as  managing  directors 
of  the  concern.  In  June,  1909,  a  Receiver  for  the  debenture- 
holders  was  appointed,  by  whom  the  bankrupt  was  employed  until 
September.  1911,  when  the  works  were  closed.  He  attributed  his 
insolvency  to  the  failure  of  the  last-named  company,  to  the  depre- 
ciation of  his  share  interest  therein,  and  to  his  household  and 
personal  expenses  having  exceeded  his  income.  As  offences  the 
Official  Receiver  reported  (1)  insufficiency  of  assets  to  equal  in 
value  IOp.  in  the  £  on  the  amount  of  the  unsecured  liabilities  ; 
and  (2)  contributing  to  the  bankruptcy  by  unjustifiable  extra- 
vagance in  living.  On  those  grounds  the  learned  Registrar  im- 
posed a  further  suspension  of  two  years.  Older  entered 
accordingly. 

Cecil  Weay,  electrical  and  mechanical  engineer.  Bradford. — 
May  2  let  is  the  last  day  for  the  receipt  of  proofs  for  dividend. 
Trustee  :  Mr.  W.  Durrance.  12,  Duke  Street,  Bradford. 

C.  S.  NoKTHCOTE,  electrical  engineer,  Streatham.— May  23rd  is 
the  last  day  for  the  receipt  of  proofs  for  dividend.  Trustee  ; 
E.  W.  J.  .Savill,  132.  York  Road,  Westminster  Bridge  Road,  S.E. 

French  Wire  lamps. — The  Socicte  Franeaise  d'lncan- 
descence  par  le  Gaz,  of  Paris,  states  that  the  company  derived 
advantage  from  the  working  of  its  new  electric  lamp  "0.  R.,"  for 
the  first  time  during  1912.  This  lamp  is  provided  with  a  pressed 
filament,  which  is  claimed  to  possess  the  advantage  of  a  longer 
life  than  lamps  having  drawn-wire  filaments,  although  the  latter 
types  are  cheaper. 

Electric  Clocks. — With  reference  to  a  notice  on  electric 
docks  at  the  Ghent  Exhibition,  the  Maoketa  Time  Co.,  Ltd.,  of 
Chiawick,  write :— "  We  wish  to  point  out  that  your  reference  to 
this  matter  under  "  Business  Notes,"  in  your  issue  of  the  26th  ult., 
is  liable  to  misconception.  The  chief  postal  buildings  of  London 
are  erjuipped  with  the  Magneta  system,  the  dispatch  of  home  and 
foreign  mails  depending  thereon.  We  enclose  a  complete  list  of 
these  inntallations.  and  in  order  that  there  may  be  no  misappre- 
hension, the  following  will  convey  a  correct  idea  of  the  magnitude 
of  this  work.  Taking  a  12-in.  dial  as  one  unit,  the  aggregate  of 
units  for  Government  Magneta  installations  has  reached  2,f.0O  (two 
thousand  six  hundred),  and,  in  view  of  the  history  of  electric 
olfclci',  it  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  mention  that  although  the 
first  of  the.-e  inHtallatioHH  taH  now  been  at  work  some  eight  yean. 


the  running  of  this  mass  of  Magneta  apparatus  has  not  cost  the 
Post  Office  one  penny  for  maintenance,  or  charges  of  any  kind,  up 
to  this  date.  We  felt  these  remarks  were  strongly  called  for,  as  the 
note  might  be  read  as  the  appropriation  by  others  of  the  prestige 
which  solely  belongs  to  the  Magneta  system." 

The  list  enclosed  with  the  letter  mentions  the  new  G.P.O. 
(King  Edward  Building).  London,  and  15  other  very  important 
post  offices  and  public  works. 

Holland. — The  Dutch  Customs  authorities  have  lately 
given  a  decision  to  the  effect  that  commutator  brushes  and 
brush-holders,  armatures  and  pole  cases  for  dynamos  and  electric 
motors,  imported  separately,  "are  to  be  classified  as  parts  of  factory 
machines  "  and  admitted  free  of  import  duty. 

Water  Turbine  Contracts. — ]\Ii;s«;rs.  Bovixr.  &  Co., 

Ltd.,  report  having  received  the  following  orders  for  water  turbines, 
pipe  lines  and  pumps  during  the  past  month  : — 

Mount  Lyell  Mining  and  Railway  Co,— 4  Impulse  wheels  of  2,000  ii  p.  and 
three  of  180,  under  a  head  of  1,000  ft,,  through  the  General  Electric  Co.,  of  New 
York.  Also,  direct  from  the  company,  two  pipelines  of  750  and  560  mm. 
diameter  and  2,900  ft,  long, 

Sagami  Hydro-Electric  Co.,  Japan.— 3  Francis  turbines  of  3,750  h.p.  and  one 
of  180  H.p.  under  a  head  of  41  metres. 

Porco  Tin  Mines.— 1  Impulse  turbine  of  150  h.p.  under  210  metres  head, 
and  a  pipeline  1,190  metres  in  length,  15  in.,  12  in.  and  10  in.  diameter. 

Compania  Ingeniera  Exportaiora,  Mexico  Cilv.— 1  Francis  turbine  of  75  h.p. 

Borough  of  Napier,  N.Z.— 1  Victoria  turbo-pump  415  g.p.m.  325  ft.  head,  and 
one  830  g.p.m,  and  170  ft.  head,  coupled  to  Lancashire  Dynamo  motors. 

Also  repeat  orders  for  a  Victoria  mining  pump  from  Slessrs.  Kilburn  Brown 
to  deliver  7-50  g.p.m.  against  .573  ft.  head,  and  from  the  Great  Western  Colliery 
to  deliver  417  g.p.m,  against  745  ft,  head. 

A    modern    Aladdin. — ^fu.   11.  W.  TiEoxAun,  of  the 

General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  Publicity  Department,  in  the  character 
of  "the  modern  Aladdin  with  the  wonderful  (Osrani)  lamp" 
secured  firit  prize  at  a  fancy  dress  carnival  at  Birmingham,  on  the 
2Gth  ult. 

.\ustria. — The  Elektrotechnische  Verein  Brunn  is  the 
name  of  a  new  association,  which  has  just  been  formed  at  Brunn, 
Bohemia. 

Electric  and  Copper  Works  in   Chile.— It  is  stated 

that  the  Siemens-Schuckert  Works  have  secured  an  order  of  the 
value  of  £500,000  in  connection  with  a  scheme  for  the  mining  of 
copper  ore  in  Chile.  It  appears  that  the  New  York  metal  firm  of 
Guggenheim  have  acquired  copper  mines  in  the  Chilean  Cordilleras, 
and  propose  to  work  them.  As  a  scarcity  of  water  exists  in  this 
mountainous  district,  it  is  intended  to  employ  electric  power, 
which  is  to  be  transmitted  from  the  coast.  For  this  purpose  a 
steam  power  station  is  projected  in  one  of  the  coastal  towns  ;  the 
capacity  is  to  be  60,000  h.p.,  and  oil  fuel  is  to  be  used  for  firing  the 
boilers,  in  conjunction  with  turbo-generators.  The  power  is  to  be 
conveyed  to  the  mines  at  a  pressure  of  100,000  volts  by  means  of 
overhead  conductors,  the  distance  being  about  124  miles,  and  it  is 
to  be  used  in  connection  with  the  working  and  smelting  of  the  ore 
and  the  production  of  electrolytic  copper.  The  installation  of  the 
long  distance  transmission  line  will  be  undertaken  by  the  firm  of 
Guggenheim,  who  are  large  producers  of  copper,  whilst  the  trans- 
formers and  distributing  network,  &c.,  at  the  mines  will  form  the 
subject  of  future  contracts.  It  is  said  that  the  Siemens-Schuckert 
Works  have  obtained  the  order  for  the  generating  station  and  plant 
in  competition  with  the  General  Electric  Co.,  the  Westinghouse  Co. 
and  the  A.E.G. 

Catalogues  [andi  Lists. — Messrs.  Schoen  Bros.,  29 

and  30,  Cock  Lane.  .Snow  Hill.  London,  E.C. — New  four-page 
leaflet,  giving  illustrations,  brief  particulars  and  prices  of  a  variety 
of  apparatus  for  wireless  telegraphy  for  experimental  and  demon- 
stration purposes,  which  they  hold  in  stock. 

Messes.  T.  IL\rding  Chchtox  Ac  Co.,  Ltd.,  Atlas  Works, 
Water  Lane.  Leeds.— New  catalogue  (No.  30)  (20  pp.),  containing 
detailed  description  with  illustrations,  of  polyphase  inductioa 
motors,  starters  and  controllers  for  same,  with  tabulated  data  and 
prices.  Representative  characteristic  curves  8ppe.ar  of  15-h.p. 
three-phase  and  50-H.i'.  two-phase  motors,  showing  high  efficiency 
maintained  over  a  long  range  of  load,  and  a  high  power  factor. 
Single-phase  induction  motors  are  also  described  and  priced. 
Messrs.  Harding  Churton  report  that  their  works  have  for  some 
considerable  time  been  exceedingly  busy,  working  continuously 
day  and  night. 

Mb.  Harby  Moss,  116,  Horton  Grange  Road,  Bradford. — Leaflet 
showing  a  patent  electric  window  heater. 

Messes.  Simple.x  Conduits,  Ltd.,  116,  Charing  Cross  Road, 
London,  W.C. — Leaflet  illustrating  and  pricing  itheir  inspection 
electric  hand  lamps  for  motor-cars. 

Messrs.  W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works,  Co.,  Ltd.,  Blom- 
field  Street,  London  Wall,  London,  E.C. — A  new  telephone  cable 
catalogue  of  nearly  140  pages  hsis  been  issued.  It  is  divided  into 
three  sections  as  follows: — (1)  Underground  telephone  and  tele- 
graph cable  ;  (2)  aerial  telephone  and  telegraph  cable  ;  (3)  mis- 
cellaneous cables,  accessories,  and  subaqueous  cables.  In  view  of 
the  company's  lone  and  varied  experience  of  the  manufacture  of 
such  cables,  the  publication,  with  its  specifications,  tests,  illustra- 
tions and  general  information,  naturally  possesses  considerable 
interest  for  telephone  engineers.  Full  specification  and  details 
are  given  of  all  the  various  types  of  cable  used,  which  inclucTe — in 
addition  to  the  usual  lead-sheathed  single,  twin,  multiple  twin  and 
quad,  type,  dry  core  telephone  cable  and  screened  telegraph  cables 
— various  types  of  rubber  insulated  cables  and  wires  used  for  both 
Indoor  and  outdoor  work,  also  flameproof  switchboard  cables  and 
wires,  together  with  tests  and  notes  describing  the  purposes  for 
which  each  type  of  cable  is  designed.  Information  is  given 
with  regard  to  the  important  question  of  jointing,  and  pricea 
of   all    necessary    jointing    materials    are   included.      Particulara 


Vol.  73.    No.  1,8S0,  May  9,  lOll). 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


767 


of  variauH  typcH  of  Hul)a<|uooii8  cabloB  have  boon  included,  and 
the  quoHtion  of  loadint;  cabloH  ih  dealt  with  ;  wo  under- 
stand that  the  tcHtH  Hhowii  in  the  cataloi;ue  are  put  for- 
ward OB  bein^  conRiRtent  with  an  oconomioal  and  practical 
cable.  Lower  capacity  tewtR  can  be  (fivoii  but  Huch  would  ncceflHi- 
tate  an  incroaHe  in  diameter,  and  a  conHe<iuent  increaRO  in  coHt. 
For  convenient  reference,  claHs  numborB  and  codo-wordB  are  piven 
for  all  typcH.  Owinjf  to  the  lirm'H  lar^'o  foreiifii  buflineHB  in  tele- 
phone oablPH,  they  have  found  it  necoHBary  to  pive  dimenBiona  in 
both  the  English  and  metric  syHtems,  and  for  the  convenience  of 
forei^rn  clients  have  included  a  table  of  money  converBionB. 

ME.ssns.  Daniiil  Adam.son  >t  Co.,  Dukinfield.— Illustrated  de- 
Boriptive  circulars  of  their  patent  AdamBon-Davies  tubular  exten- 
sion for  Lancashire  or  Cornish  boilers.  Particulars  of  teats  are 
tabulated. 

BiUTisii  Economical  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.,  9,  Old  Bailey,  London, 
EC. — Two  illustrated  and  priced  loafletH  (jive  particulars  of  the 
"  Lotolite  "  crystal  (rlass  reflector  fittinijs — concentratincr,  expan- 
sive, intensive  and  extensive  types  ;  also  of  Belco  arc  fittinps  for 
hiprh  C.  p.  lamps,  for  inside  and  outside  li(jhtiu(j. 

Messus.  0.  Ellkksen  iV  Co.,  2i;a,  Silver  Street,  Bedford.— 
Pamphlet  (l^papes)  describing  and  illustrating  Ellefsen's  new 
patent  low-water  alarm  and  feed  regulator  for  steam  boilers. 

The  Steulino  Telephone  and  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  200, 
Upper  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C. — Publication  No.  203  jfives 
prices  of,  and  illustrated  information  regrardinff,  "  Primax "  auto- 
matic interphones. 

Messus.  David  Rowell  &  Co.,  :i:i.  Old  (^ueen  Street,  West- 
minster, London,  S.W. — 12-pa}re  pamphlet  {jivinp  an  illustrated 
description  of  the  Barrel  system  of  ventilation  ifor  schools  and 
churches. 

Dissolntions  and  Li(|uidations.— Marsh,  Son  &  Co., 

Ltd.,  lt)7  and  Kill,  Wardour  Street,  Oxford  Street,  London,  VV. — A 
circular  has  been  issued  by  the  manag^iugf  director  to  the  effect  that 
for  some  time  past  the  business  has  been  carried  on  at  a  loss,  and 
the  company  is  beingr  wound  up  voluntarily.  Mr.  Marsh  adds  that 
he  is  the  sole  debenture-holder  and  hold  debentures  for  £!),200, 
which  are  a  first  charge  over  all  the  assets  of  the  company.  The 
assets  in  question,  when  realised,  will  not  be  sufficient  to  pay  off 
all  these  debentures  in  full.  He  is  very  desirous  that  all  the 
creditors  of  the  company  should  be  paid,  and  he  does  not  therefore 
propose  to  take  advantage  of  his  position  as  debenture-holder,  but 
intends  to  apply  the  moneys  received  by  him  in  respect  of  his 
debentures  in  payment  of  the  debtsof  the  company.  The  liquidator, 
Mr.  R..VV.  Brown,  who  is  well  acquainted  with  the  business,  will 
realise  the  assets  to  the  best  advantage,  and  Mr.  Marsh  says  that 
he  hopes  that  the  amount  realised  will  be  suflBcient  to  enable  him 
to  pay  all  the  creditors  in  full.  "If,  for  any  reason,  another 
liquidator  should  be  appointed  by  the  creditors,  I  nrjst  hold  my=elf 
at  liberty  to  reconsider  the  course  which  at  present  I  propose  to 
adopt."  A  meeting  of  creditors  is  to  be  held  on  May  15th  at  the 
Holborn  Restaurant. 

Carney  ^;  Pearn,  Ltd, — This  company  is  windingup  voluntarily 
with  Mr.  B.  H.  Brook  Eldridge,  .52,  Brown  Street,  Manchester,  as 
liquidator. 

Walburn  &  Mills,  electricians  and  motor  engineers,  92,  Wharf 
Street,  Sowerby  Bridge. — Messrs.  E.  Mills  and  J.  B.  Walburn  have 
dissolved  partnership.     Jlr.  Walburn  will  attend  to  debts. 

Ingham,  Bakkie  i;  Co.,  consulting  and  contracting  engineers, 
Highbury  Chambers,  Newport. — Messrs.  0.  Ingham  and  J.  S. 
Barrie  have  dissolved  partnership.  Mr.  Barrie  will  attend  to 
debts,  &c. 

Lane  ^t  Co.,  builders  and  electrical  engineers,  1,  Gage  Street, 
Bloomsbury,  W.C. ^Messrs.  E.  Lane  and  A  Purrier  have  dissolved 
partnership.     Mr.  Lane  will  attend  to  debts. 

Trade  .\nnouncements. — Messrs.  Do]!man  &  Smith. 

switchgear  and  fittings  manufacturers,  of  Ordsal  Electrical  Works, 
Manchester,  have  made  arrangements  to  be  represented  in  Scot- 
land by  Mr.  David  Alexander,  of  43,  Mains  Street,  Waterloo  Street, 
Glasgow,  at  which  address  samples  of  their  fittings  and  switchgear, 
more  especially  such  apparatus  as  is  used  in  ships  and  collieries, 
may  be  inspected.  Telephones  :  Central  4394,  Argyle  587  ;  Tele- 
grams '.  "  Ohmic,  Glasgow." 

Me.-asks.  Bekkv,  Skinnek  i:  Co.  announce  that  their  agency, 
which  has  until  recently  been  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  David  Alexander, 
of  43,  Mains  Street.  Waterloo  Street,  Glassow,  has  now  been  trans- 
ferred to  Mr.  J.  Hally  Craig,  of  45,  Hope  Street,  Glasgow,  to  whom 
all  local  inquiries  should  be  directed. 

The  Eastern  Electric  and  Trading  Co.,  of  Karachi,  intend 
to  stock  large  quantities  of  electrical  accessories,  aa  electric  supply 
(d.c.  220  volts)  will  soon  be  available  there.  Fans,  metal-filament 
lamps  of  all  candle-powers  (no  carbon  lamps  will  be  used,  and 
drawn-wire  lamps  are  preferred),  fittings,  wires  and  cables,  and 
accessories  of  all  kinds  wOl  be  required,  and  manufacturers  are 
invited  to  send  samples, 

Messrs.  Electrical  Installations,  Ltd.,  have  taken  additional 
offices  at  28,  Martin's  Lane,  adjoining  their  existing  premises,  27, 
Martin's  Lane,  Cannon  Street,  B.C.,  owing  to  growth  of  business. 

The  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  announce  that  the 
address  of  their  Middlesbrough  office  was  altered  from  Wednesday, 
7th  inst.,  from  Maritime  Buildings  to  Prudential  Chambers,  Albert 
Road,  Middlesbrough.  The  telephone  number  remains  unaltered — 
(No.  814). 

Messrs.  Friend,  Wilton  A:  Co.  have  removed  from  17,  Quay 
Street,  Cardiff,  to  8,  Westgate  Street,  Cardiff. 

Private   Arraiigeuients. — George  Ashfoed  (trading 

as  Whitcombe  &  Co.),  electrical  engineer,  Newhall  Hill,  Birming- 
ham.— The  creditors  interested   herein  were  called   together  last 


Week  when  a  Htatement  of  affairH  wbm  prcw  ntcd  Hhowing  liabilities 
of  £547,  all  of  which  waH  duo  tf)  unH<!:ur<yl  crcd'orit.  Th^ro  wan 
a  fnlly-securod  creditor  for  ii'J'.),  who  held  HWJuritieH  valiifyl  at 
£100.  The  atwetA  were  returned  at  £2<! I.  It  wan  Htated  that  the 
debtor  started  trading  at  hin  prcoeiit  addrefR  in  S«pt<;mber,  1911, 
with  a  capital  of  oIx)ut  £80,  liin  own  ravingH.  Hhorily  afterwardn 
he  was  joined  by  unolhrr  imm  who  br. Might  no  capital  into  the 
conMrn.  Last  AuguHt  the  partner  retired,  and  another  man  thf-n 
put  into  the  buHinesB  £185  in  criHh  and  a  rlcbenture  for  *:  HX)  in 
the  New  York  Telejihone  Co.  The  delxjiiture  wan  said  to  bo  worth 
its  full  face  value,  and  was  held  by  the  lank,  who  were  retumwl 
as  fiilly-Bccurcd  creditors.  The  present  poHition  woh  attribut4.-<l 
to  loBHes  on  contracts,  and  it  was  BtBte<l  that  a  conRidcrable  lowi 
had  been  made  in  connection  with  a  ))icture  palace.  In  that  con- 
nection a  debt  of  .t50  was  due  to  the  debtor.  The  debtor  wa«  al«o 
said  to  be  interested  in  a  patent  unpnticturable  tire,  which  it  wa« 
believed  would  be  a  succeRS.  He  waH  in  negotiation  with  ore  of  the 
large  tire  companieR  for  the  Bale  of  the  patent,  providing  a  5()0. 
mile  trial  run  was  firRt  made  on  it.  A  lieed  of  axsignment  hwi 
already  been  executed,  and  after  a  Bhort  discusHion  it  was  decided 
to  confirm  the  deed,  and  to  adjourn  the  meeting. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Accrin^ton. — The   Electricity  Sub-("uiiimittee  lia.s  Ixjen 

deputed  to  deal  with  an  application  from  Alliance  Mill,  Baxendtn, 
for  a  supply  of  energy  for  power  purpoaes,  and  ha.s  also  been 
asked  to  deal  with  the  question  of  opening  au  electricity  showroom 
in  some  other  situation,  in  lieu  of  the  present  thowroom, 

Barrow-in-Furness.— At  the  T.C  meetiii},'  on  Monday, 

recommendations  of  the  electrical  engineer  were  approved 
providing  for  the  whole  of  the  arc  lamps  in  Biidge  Road  beii>g 
replaced  by  clusters  of  four  100-watt  metal-fiUment  lamps,  and 
those  on  Walney  Bridge  being  replaced  by  100-watt  metal-filamtnc 
lamps,  the  carcasses  of  the  arc  lamps  ou  ihe  bridge  being  adapted 
to  lake  these  lamps.  It  was  reported  in  regard  to  the  electricity 
works  extensions  that  the  contrdctors  had  delivered  and  practically 
completed  the  erection  of  the  water-lube  boiler  and  chain-grate 
mechanical  stoker  ordered  in  December  last.  It  was  agreed  to 
approve  the  installation  of  clduing  apparatus  by  the  British 
Vulcan  Suot  Cleaner  Co.,  Ltd.,  Edinbuigh,  at  a  cost  of  about  £80. 
During  this  week  a  series  of  demoustratiuns  of  electric  cooking  by 
means  of  "  Tricity "  cookers  are  being  given  in  the  Technical 
Schools,  under  the  auspices  of  ihe  B  irrow  Corporation. 

Basin J»'Stoke. — The  T.C.  has  been  iiifonned  Lh.it  its 
application  lor  a  prov.  order  for  electric  supply  has  been  granted  by 
the  B.  of  T. 

Bedwortb. — The  (Hiestiou  of  having  the  luirish  publicly 
lighted  by  electricity  has  been  ditcusted  by  the  Parish  Council, 
which  has  asked  the  LeicesUrthiie  and  Warwickshire  Electric 
Power  Co.  if  it  will  teiider  for  the  lighting  in  competition  with 
the  gas  company. 

Birmin<;'bani. — Elsewhere   in  this   issue  we  give  some 

details  of  the  proposed  new  power  station  atNechells,  and  electrical 
extensions  in  the  city.  The  Finance  Ccmmittee  has  reported  on 
the  proposals,  and  ( tiers  no  objections  ou  financial  grounds.  It, 
however,  draws  attention  to  the  fact  that  sums  of  C  5,380  for  sub- 
stations, and  £46,540  for  mains  had  been  expended  prior  to  the 
approval  of  the  Council  being  given  to  the  scheme,  and  regards 
this  as  undesirable  practice.  The  Committee  also  appears  to  view 
with  concern  the  effect  of  the  last  revision  of  charges,  and  points 
out  that  the  erection  of  these  new  works  will  involve  tne  necessity  for 
regular,  systematic  and  adequate  contributions  being  made  in  every 
succeeding  year  to  provide  tor  the  contingency  of  obsolescence.  It 
may  be  mentioned  that  the  electricity  department  has  a  reserve 
fund  of  i: 80,458,  and  a  renewals  fund  of  tome  i;32,000. 

Blackburn. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  adopted  the 
report  of  the  electrical  engineer  on  the  scheme  lor  the  erection  of  new 
electricity  works  ;  th»  Gas  Committee  offers  land  at  Greenbank  as 
a  site  for  the  new  station,  subject  to  suitable  terms  being  arranged. 

Blackpool.— The  Corporation  electricity  departnicut  for 
the  past  year  had  a  net  surplus  of  £  13,179,  compared  with  £(-.,240  in 
the  previous  year.  The  income  was  £40,333.  against  £3o,4.->4  in 
1912  and  £3  ('.33  moie  than  the  estimate.  The  working  expenses 
amounted  to  £20.928,  against  £16,347.  The  reserve  fund  now 
stands  at  .C  9,608.  The  aggregate  ot  the  works  output  for  the  past 
12  months  was  4,109,983  unitt—an  increase  of  544,229.  Of  the 
increase,  333,138  was  due  to  private  lighting,  showing  that  the  public 
are  adopting  electric  lighting  more  generally.  There  were  239  new 
consumers  during  the  year. 

Bognor.— The  U.D.C.  has  asked  the  Uas  Co.  to  submit  a 
scheme  of  electric  lighting  for  the  sea  front  in  substitution  for  the 
present  gas  lighting. 

Bridlington.— It  is  estimated  that  the  net  protiis  on  the 
electricity  undertaking  for  the  year  ended  March  31st,  1913,  will 
amount  to  £1.370.  .,   ,  ,  ,    ^    iv    t  ,-«  * 

The  Electricity  Committee  has  decided  to  apply  to  the  L.G.B.  for 
sanction  to  borrow  £3,000,  £1.500  being  in  respect  of  mams  and 
£1,600  in  respect  of  services. 


758 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,8.50,  Mat  9,  1913. 


Bradford, — The  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  has 
recommended  the  extension  of  mains  from  the  Dudley  Hill  trans- 
forming chamber  along:  Tong  Street  to  Montserrat  Mills,  at  a  cost 
of  *:lM91,  and  a  similar  extension  from  Victoria  Street  to  Lumb 
Lane  Mills,  at  a  cost  of  a  .■)20. 

The  engrineer  has  been  directed  to  proceed  with  the  work  of 
chantfiner  the  system  of  supply  in  the  Manchester  Road  district, 
south  of  Bowling  Old  Lane,  from  direct  to  alternating  current. 

BriffbtOD. — With  a  view  to  increasing  the  capacity  and 
improving  the  effiiiency  of  the  Sonthwick  generating  plant,  the 
T.C.  has  hail  under  consideration  a  proposal  by  Mr.  Christie,  the 
borough  electrical  engineer,  to  replace  one  of  the  original  turbine 
plants  by  a  Richardsons-Westgarth  turbine  driving  a  H,O0O-kw. 
Siemens  alternator,  speed  3.000  B.i'.si.  With  condensing  plant  the 
cost  is  estimated  at  some  i; 7,600.  Alterations  to  pipework,  founda- 
tions, switchgear,  &;c.,  will  cost  £900.  The  displaced  plant  will,  it 
is  proposed,  be  sold,  and  the  cost  of  the  above  work  be  met  out  of 
revenue  and  reserve. 

Chester. — The  Corporation  has  adopted  the  proposed 
battery  scheme,  to  cost  £11,550,  reported  on  by  the  city  engineer 
Mr.  S.  E.  Britton,  and  recently  described  in  these  notes. 

Chester-le-Street. — The  L.G.B.  has  sanctioned"  an 
expenditure  of  £410  by  the  Guardians  in  carrying  out  the  scheme 
for  lighting  the  workhouse,  &c.,  by  electricity. 

Clones. — The  Urban  Council  lias  discussed  the  terms 
under  which  Mr.  Cbas.  Fergu-<un  is  to  be  permitted  to  carry  out  an 
electric  lighting  scheme  in  the  town.  The  Council  will  have  the 
option  of  purchasing  the  works  after  10  years. 

Continental  Xote.s. — It.\ly. — La  Societa  per  Imprese 
Elettriche,  of  Rome,  has  secured  a  contract  from  the  Officine  Elettro- 
Chimiche  Dottori  Rossi,  of  Legnano,  for  the  establishment  of  a  plant 
near  Rome,  for  the  electric  production  of  nitric  acid  from  the 
atmosphere.  The  plant  to  be  at  first  put  down  will  be  of 
5,000  Kw.,  provision  for  doubling  it  at  a  later  date  being  made 

Coventry. — The  Electric  Light  Committee  has  passed 
the  accounts  for  the  year  ending  March  Slst  last,  showing  an  avail- 
able balance  of  £16,294.  It  was  decided  to  recommend  the  City 
Council  to  apply  £4,500  to  the  relief  of  rates  and  £11,000  in  pay- 
ment of  new  machinery,  &c.  (in  lieu  of  raising  a  loan),  and  to  carry 
forward  the  balance  of  £194.  The  Committee  will  also  recommend 
an  increase  of  the  salary  of  Mr.  G.  Tough,  electrical  engineer  and 
manager,  from  £5.50  to  £650  per  annum  ;  also  that  the  flat-rate' 
charge  of  4^d.  per  unit  for  current  for  lighting  purposes  be  reduced 
to  3  Id. 

Delabole  (Cornwall). — At  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Parish  of  St.  Teath  it  was  decided  to  lieht  Delabole  by  electricity. 
At  a  public  meeting  of  the  electors,  Mr.  R.  Pearce.  who  was  in  the 
chair,  reviewed  the  position,  after  which  it  was  decided  to  obtain 
the  necessary  powers. 

Derhy. — The  T.C.  has  applied  to  the  L.(!.B.  for  a  loan 
of  £11. '."50  :  for  mains  £7,500,  services  1700,  motors  £3.000,  and 
transformers  and  switchgear  £750. 

On  May  L'nd,  a  L.G.B.  inquiry  was  held  into  the  application  of 
the  T.C.  for  a  loan  of  £13,500,  needed  principally  for  additional 
generating  plant.     There  was  no  opposition. 

Dundalk. — Last  week  a  L.G.B.  inquiry  was  held  into  an 
application  by  the  Council  for  a  loan  of  £5,000  for  extensions  of 
the  electric  lighting  scheme  in  the  town.  From  the  evidence  it 
appeared  that  the  Council  had  already  obtained  a  loan  for  electric 
lighting  of  £  20,000.  Owing  to  the  increa.«ing  demand  for  electricity 
£5,000  more  was  needed.  The  amount  received  for  energy  sold 
during  the  year  was  1 1,729,  showing  a  net  profit  of  £600.  The 
inspector  stated  that  he  was  glad  to  know  that  this  much-debated 
scheme  had  been  so  successful. 

Eceles. — The  Public  Lighting  and  Electricity  Supply 
Committee  has  made  a  recommendation  that  Devonshire  Road  be 
lighted  by  electricity. 

Edinbnr^h. — Treasurer  MacLeod,  in  submitting  the 
draft  provisional  estimates  for  the  year  fy)m  May  15th,  1913.  to 
May  15th,  191 1,  said,  with  regard  to  the  estimates  by  the  Electric 
Lighting  Committee,  the  estimated  surplus  was  only  £220.  The 
policy  of  the  Committee  was  to  frame  its  estimates  so  as  to  come 
out  practically  square  at  the  end  of  the  year.  The  estimated 
revenue  was  £142,660,  which  was  counterbalanced  by  expenditure 
of  £80,265  and  interest  and  sinking  fund  contributions  of  £62,175. 
Under  this  head  was  noted  the  great  increase  in  the  coal  bill,  which 
was  estimated  at  £30.840,  as  against  the  actual  in  1911-12  of 
£20,041.  The  revenue  for  the  same  year  was  £131,678,  so  that 
while  the  revenue  had  only  increased  8  per  cent,  the  coal  bill  had 
pone  up  50  per  cent,  in  the  same  period,  without  any  increased 
charge  to  the  consumer.  The  capital  expenditure  for  the  coming 
year  includes  an  item  of  £11,360  for  extension  of  electric  light 
works.  Dealing  with  the  rates  and  the  likelihood  of  an  increase, 
Mr.  MacLeod  said  he  was  confidently  looking  forward  to  a  surplus 
from  the  electric  light  account,  which  might  be  applied  to  reduce 
the  amount  ref4uired  from  the  rates.  Councillor  McMichael,  in  the 
discusHion  whiiih  followed,  said,  in  his  opinion,  the  Council  had  a 
right  to  expect  very  substantial  relief  from  the  electric  light 
undertaking.  Mr.  .'^tevenson,  replying,  considered  it  complimentary 
to  the  success  of  the  cooling  towers  when  they  found  that,  although 
their  ooal  bill  alone  had  increased  £6.000,  the  cost  to  the  oonsumer 
remained  unaltered. 


Ellesmere   Port   and   Whitby.— The  B.  of  T.  has 

granted  a  prov.  order  for  electric  light  to  the  U.D.C. 

Falkirk. — An  interesting  function  took  jilace  last  week 
when  an  addition  to  the  generating  station  was  formally 
inaugurated.  Spa^e  has  been  provided  for  additional  turbine  plant 
of  2,700  H. P.  Up  till  1911  the  supply  was  entirely  on  the  low- 
pressure  direct-current  system.  Iq  1910-11,  in  order  to  meet  the 
power  requirements  of  the  large  industrial  concerns  of  Falkirk, 
the  plant  was  extended,  and  the  extra  ii  t.  alternating  current 
three-phase  system  adopted  for  the  supply  of  the  burgh. 
The  1910-11  extension  consisted  of  a  steam  turbo-generator  of 
670  H.V.,  a  new  boiler,  and  about  4  J  miles  of  mains.  Owing  to  the 
rapidity  with  which  the  demand  for  power  purposes  grew,  a  further 
670-H.P.  turbine  was  installed  for  the  winter  of  1912-13.  Trans- 
former sub-stations  are  in  operation  at  Falkirk  Ironworks,  Etna 
Foundry,  Crown  Brass  Works,  Sunnyside  Foundry,  Camelon 
Main  Street,  and  Union  Road  :  and  Cros's  Chemical  Works, 
Camelon.  During  the  last  two  year<  nearly  1,000  u.P.  of 
electric  motors  has  been  connected  to  the  Corporation  system.  The 
Falkirk  Iron  Co.  has  nearly  500  ii.p.  of  motors  being  supplied 
from  the  Corporation  mains,  and  the  demand  for  electric  power 
from  this  consumer  alone  is  already  more  than  ecjual  to  the  demand 
for  electric  lighting  purposes  from  the  whole  of  Falkirk. 

Gargrave  (Vorks). — A  proposal  is  on  foot  for  lighting 
this  village,  in  the  Craven  district  of  Yorkshire,  by  electricity.  The 
supply  station,  it  is  proposed,  will  be  at  the  High  Mill,  owned  by 
Mr.  .Toseph  Maaon.  Messrs.  Cronipton  &  Co.,  Ltd  ,  are  to  carry  out 
the  work  of  installation  if  the  proposed  scheme  is  successfully 
launched. 

Harwich. — Last  week  Dr.  C.  H.  Licbbrand  addressed 
a  meeting  of  the  ratepayers  on  the  subject  of  electricity  supply  for 
Harwich  and  district,  explaining  his  scheme  for  centralising 
electric  supply  at  the  seaside  resorts  of  Lowestoft,  Clacton,  Walton 
and  Felixtowe. 

Henley.  —  The  iieading  lilectric  Supply  Co.  having 
applied  to  the  R.D.C.,  for  consent  to  supply  current  to  premises  ac 
Sonning  and  Shiplake,  the  Council  has  decided  that  "  under  present 
conditions "'  permission  cannot  be  given  in  respect  of  Shiplake, 
and  with  regard  to  Sonning  a  decision  has  been  deferred,  the 
Council  intimating  that  if  the  company  desired  to  supply  electri- 
city in  districts  outside  its  area  it  should  proceed  by  ptov,  order, 

Hereford. — The  L.<i.B.  has  sanctioned  the  conversion 
of  the  pumping  plant  at  the  waterworks  from  steam  to  electricity .- 

Hull. — The  T.C,  on  ^lay  1st,  decided,  by  -21  votes  to  IJS, 
not  to  purchase  the  prov.  order  lor  electric  supply  obtained  by  Hessle 
U.D.C,  for  £462. 

Keighley. — A  L.G.B.  inquiry  was  held  last  week  into 
the  application  of  the  Corporation  for  powers  to  borrow  £7,000 
for  purposes  of  the  electricity  undertaking.  The  electrical 
engineer  (Mr.  Harry  Webber)  said  the  money  was  required  for  the 
purchase  of  a  new  turbo-alternator  :  the  contract  had  been  placed 
provisionally.  The  estimated  profit  on  the  years  working  was 
about  £1,000,  there  having  been  a  large  increase  in  sales,  chiefly 
in  respect  of  power.  The  outstanding  borough  loans,  it  was 
stated,  now  amount  to  £100,640,  and  the  department  had  received 
rate  aid  to  the  extent  of  £12,130.  The  new  turbine  would  cost 
£5.^27,  and  other  requirements  would  bring  the  amount  to  £7,000. 
The  inspector  suggested  that  the  application  should  be  increased 
by  £200,  as  if  an  outstanding  debt  on  economiser  tubes  were 
deducted,  the .  total  amount  at  present  asked  for,  would  be 
insufficient. 

Rendal.— The  T.C.  has  ajiplied  to  the  B.  of  T.  for 
permission  to  erect  overhead  wires  in  various  parts  of  the  district 
lor  the  supply  of  current  at  a  pressure  of  220  volts. 

Ley  burn. — The  local  gas  company  is  putting  down  elec- 
tric plant  at  its  works  to  supply  in  the  locality,  and  has  applied 
to  the  Council  for  permission  to  use  overhead  wires, 

Liverpool. — Sanction  has  been  rec'eived  from  the  L,G.B. 
to  the  borrowing  of  £40,000  for  the  provision  of  mains. 

London. — H.vmpstead. — A  very  careful   series  of  testi 

carried  out  by  Mr.  II.  H.  Conzens,  with  the  object  of  improving  the 
electric  street  lighting  in  the  Hampstead  district,  has  resulted  in 
the  Council  deciding  to  adopt  similar  fittings  to  those  designed  and 
erected  by  Mr.  Haydn  Harrison  in  the  borough  of  St.  Marylebone 
and  tlsewhere.  la  certain  important  streets  new  posts  are  to  be 
erected  at  a  distance  of  30  yards  apart,  the  height  of  the  light 
source  being  increased  so  as  to  produce  a  satisfactory  minimum 
horizontal  illumination,  as  described  in  the  draft  Standard  Street 
Lighting  Specification,  which  has  lately  been  the  subject  of  a  paper 
read  by  Mr.  A.  P.  Trotter.  Mr.  Harrison  has  been  instructed  to 
proceed  with  the  work  i-nmediately,  so  that  the  illumination  of 
the  Hampstead  streets  will  be  much  improved  before  the  autumn. 

Hacksev.— The  L.C.C.  has  smctioned  the  borrowing  of  £58,100 
in  connection  with  the  extension  of  the  undertaking.  Sites  in 
Lauriston  R  >ad  and  Dalston  Lane  are  to  be  purchased  for  the 
erection  of  sub-stations. 

Makylei'.one. — The  L.C.C.  has  sanctioned  the  borrowing  of 
£42,500  for  the  electricity  undertaking.  This  is  for  the  provi»ion 
of  two  3,000-KW.  turbo-alternators  with  condensing  plant ;  four 
1,000-KW.  converters  ;  switchgear  and  feeder  cables.  The  plant 
capacity  at  the  B.C.'s  station  next  winter  will  be  17,400  KW.,  and 
the  maximum   load    is  expected  to   reach    10,300   kw.,  giving  a 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,8.',0,  May  9,  1»IU.] 


THE    ELKCTRiCAL    iiEVIEW 


759 


reserve  of  7,100  KW.,  apart  from  battery  plant,  wJiich  rcprcBentB 
Honio  1,50(1  KW.  The  Kinance  Committeo  (LCC)  haR  l)c«n  odviHed 
that  thiH  inartfin  in  nob  exceHsive.  The  loan  poriodH  Hanotioned  are 
l.")  yearH  for  the  turbine  plant  and  Hwitchi;<'ar,  and  '^t,  yearw  for 
main8. 

liKUMONDSEY.— A  loan  of  < 2,035  in  to  bo  taken  up  from  the 
L.C.O.  in  connection  with  the  undertaking. 

Ii}'tliaiii. — The  draft  of  the  Lythiim  Klectric  liightiiiK 
Order  has  k-en  reooived  by  the  Council,  and  containB  a  npecial 
olaune  protpctinp  the  Blackpool,  St.  Anne'n  and  Lytham  TramwayB 
Co.  atrainst  having  to  take  a  supply  of  current  from  Lytham  durini; 
the  existenoe  of  the  company's  agreement  with  .St.  Anne's  Council. 
This  agreement  lapses  in  June,  1917.  The  other  clauses  are  of 
usual  nature. 

Manchester. — Tlie  .scliemc  for  improvinj;;  tlie  lij^hting  of 
the  central  streets  of  the  city  was  to  come  before  the  City  Council 
on  Wednesday.  The  capital  cost  spread  over  three  years  will  be 
JE  15,000  for  electricity  and  £18,000  for  gas. 

New  /ealand. — Tlie  contract  for  the  erection  of  the 
power  house  at  Lake  Coleridge  has  been  let  to  Messrs.  Taylor  Bros, 
and  Mooreland,  of  Christchurch,  the  price  being  £15,(136. 

I\'orthwood  and  Uuislip.— The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  a 
prov.  order  for  electric  lighting  to  the  Xorthwood  Electric  Light  and 
Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  supplying  current  to  certain  parishes  in  the 
area  of  the  Watford  and  Rickmansworth  R.D.Cs.  The  B.  of  T. 
dispensed  with  the  consent  of  the  Watford  R.D.C.  to  the  company's 
application. 

Nottinjrhani.— There  is  a  gross  profit  of  r,i'.);M<)  on  the 
working  of  the  electricity  department  during  the  year  ended 
March  Slst  last.  After  allowing  for  repayment  of  loans,  interest 
on  consolidated  stock,  sinking  fund,  ka.,  there  remains  a  net  profit 
of  £10,890,  of  which  £8,000  is  to  be  appropriated  in  aid  of  the 
general  district  rate,  and  £  2,890  transferred  to  the  reserve  fund. 
The  amount  realised  during  the  year  from  the  sale  of  current 
amounted  to  £9:i,579  ;  from  rent  of  meters,  £1,931  :  and  from 
public  lighting,  £732.  *  The  number  of  units  generated  totalled 
13,699,812,  and  the  quantity  sold  was  12,(;02,306,  as  against  1.3,o(;3,732 
and  12,577, 32t;  in  1911-12.  The  engineer,  in  his  report  on  the  years 
working,  states  that  extensions  of  mains  amounting  to  1  "32  miles 
have  been  made  during  the  year,  and  the  total  length  of  distributing 
mains  at  March  31st  was  (33'05  miles.  There  has  been  an  increase 
of  234  in  the  number  of  applications  for  a  supply  of  electricity,  the 
consumers  at  the  end  of  the  year,  4,415,  showing  largest  increase  since 
1906.  The  adaptability  and  convenience  of  electric  motors  is  shown 
by  another  large  increase  in  their  number.  The  191  additional 
motors  aggregating  480  H.P.,  which  have  been  connected  to  the 
mains,  bring  the  totals  to  1,540  motors  and  .■■),('i90  H.p.  During  the 
12  months  3,909,847  units  were  sold  for  lighting,  2,931,3(;3  for 
power,  and  5,761,096  for  traction.  The  units  used  for  lighting 
show  an  increase  for  the  first  time  since  1908,  when  metallic- 
filament  lamps  began  to  be  used  ;  2365  per  cent,  of  the  units  used 
for'private  lighting  were  at  the  flat  rate  of  3Jd.  per  unit,  which 
has  been  in  operation  nine  months  :  60'51  per  cent,  of  the  units  for 
private  lighting  charged  on  the  maximum  demand  system  were  at 
the  reduced  rate  of  IJd.  per  unit.  There  has  been  an  increase  of 
Is.  9d.  per  ton  in  the  cost  of  coal,  and  the  total  additional  cost  for 
the  eight  months  the  increase  has  been  in  operation,  is  £3,099.  It 
is  estimated  that  the  consumers  who  have  adopted  the  flat  rate  have 
benefited  to  the  extent  of  £2,395. 

Nuneaton. — The  Trades  Council  has  passed  and  for- 
warded to  the  T.C.  a  resolution  urging  the  Corporation  "  to  make 
electricity  a  more  utilitarian  product  for  lighting,  cooking, 
heating,  &c.,"  in  order  that  it  may  replace  gas  in  the  homes  of 
working  men. 

Port  Glasgow.— The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  the  Electric 
Lighting  Order  promoted  by  Port  Glasgow  T.C,  in  favour  of 
Greenock  Corporation  entering  the  burgh  to  supply  the  ship- 
builders and  others  with  electricity. 

Rishton. — The  D.C.  has  agreed  to  the  Accrington  Elec- 
tricity Committee  supplying  electricity  at  Rish ton  Paper  Mills,  sub- 
ject to  the  supply  being  discontinued  at  a  time  to  be  agreed  upon. 
The  Accrington  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  these  conditions, 
subject  to  the  insertion  of  a  clause  fixing  the  minimum  period  at  . 
seven  years. 

Salford. —  On  May  1st  there  was  held  a  L.G.B. 
inquiry  into  the  application  of  the  Corporation  for  sanction 
to  borrow  £35,900  for  the  purposes  of  the  electricity  undertfiking. 
The  town  clerk  said  that  £25,000  out  of  the  £35.000  was  required 
to  cover  the  anticipated  expenditure  during  the  next  few  years  on 
mains  and  service  cables.  Mr.  H.  Hawkins  (electrical  engineer) 
said  an  arrangement  had  been  made  to  take  a  bulk  supply  from  the 
Lanes.  Electric  Power  Co.,  and  in  connection  with  this  the  laying 
of  mains  would  cost  not  less  than  £8,000  during  the  first  12  months. 
In  addition  to  that,  the  ordinary  anticipated  expenditure  on  con- 
tinuous-current mains  would  be  at  the  rate  of  about  £4,000  per 
annum.  During  the  second  year  there  would  have  to  be  a  further 
outlay  in  connection  with  the  provision  of  extra-H.T.  three-phase 
mains,  which  would  cost  something  like  £ti,000.  There  would  also 
be  an  expenditure  of  about  £4,000  for  the  ordinary  continuous- 
current  mains  during  the  second  year.  The  total  expenditure  for 
three  years  would  be  about  £25,000.  In  answer  to  the  Inspector, 
Mr.  Hawkins  said  the  generating  station  capacity  was  9,250  kw.,  and 
the  maximum  demand  was  just  under  9,000  kw.  There  was  no 
opposition  to  the  application. 


SevenoakH. — The  SevenoukH  Kiectricity  ('o.  ha.n,  owing 
to  a  dilllculty  arimng,  onkcd  the  V.D.C  to  ooniient  to  the  with- 
drawal of  IhcpurchaHC  chiuno  in  the  agrcirnent  with  rrritpoct  ttj  the 
K.L.  Hi  heme.  The  ('i)uncil  huH  decided  not  to  diM|H-niie  with  m 
purchase  clauHC,  and  haH  Mubmitt<!d  a  draft  cluum  to  the  IJ.  of  T., 
with  a  view  to  it  being  inHcrted  in  the  pro|MjMd  prov.  order. 

SllipIej'.--.\  Fi.(;.l'i.  iM(|uiry  wan  li.ld  on  the  liOlh  ult. 
into  the  application  of  the  (Jouncil  furiKjwerH  to  bfjrrow  £.'»,7f»0  for 
electrical  plant.  It  was  explained  that  the  re<iuirpmentM  were  for 
cable-laying  and  providing  ('<|uipmeiit  for  Hupply  of  ii.r.  current. 
The  Council  was  unabli!  to  meet  deinaiidH  V>y  meanH  of  the  exiiitiug 
plant.  Complaints  had  been  made  by  conxomcrs  that  Hatixfactioa 
was  not  being  given,  and  owing  to  agresiricntH  made  by  the  T'ouncil 
with  textile  and  other  nianufacturern,  and  for  other  reaMonii,  the 
Council  felt  obliged  to  proceed  with  the  works  without  waiting  for 
the  sanction  of  the  li.G.B.,  and  the  work  was  now  practically  com- 
pleted.    Xo  opposition  waB  olfered  to  the  application. 

At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Electricity  Committee  it  wan  rejKirted 
that  there  were  at  the  present  time  701  lighting  conHumers  on  the 
Council's  mains.  An  application  had  been  received  asking  terms  for 
the  supply  of  electricity  temporarily  for  power  purposes  at  Lower 
Holme  .Mills. 

South  Africa. — A  Cai-k  Tow.v  Hvi>no-Hi,KCTiiic  I'uo- 

rosAL.  -For  some  time  the  question  of  augmenting  the  water 
supply  in  the  Cape  Peninsula  has  been  under  consideration,  there 
being  apparently  a  barely  sufficient  supply  of  that  necessary  com- 
modity available  at  the  present  time.  In  this  connection  a  correspon- 
dent sends  us  some  particulars  of  a  tender  which  has  been  submitted 
to  the  Mayors  and  Councillors  of  the  I'eninsula  municipalities  by 
Messrs.  A.  and  C.  Struben  for  the  supply  not  only  of  w'ater  but 
also  of  electricity,  the  water  being  obtained  from  the  Steenbras 
River,  35  miles  from  Cape  Town.  The  total  cost  of  the  scheme  is 
i;")20,000,  of  which  water  supply  accounts  for  £270,000,  and  elec- 
trical supply  for  £2.")0,000.  The  tfender  provides  for  the  supply  of 
5,000,000  gallons  of  water  per  day  and  12,000,000  KW.- hours  of 
electricity  per  annum  to  Cape  Town,  and  by  the  diversion  of  adjoin- 
ing waters  these  quantities  could  be  doubled.  Thus  the  scheme  pro- 
poses to  dam  the  Steenbras  River,  and  so  form  an  artificial  lake 
several  miles  in  length  at  an  elevation  of  1,115  ft.  above  sea  level. 
The  dam  would  contain  3,000  million  gallons  of  water,  taking  a 
depth  of  75  ft.  From  the  reservoir  a  2,540-ft.  tunnel  passes  under 
a  hill  to  two  33-in.  diameter  steel  pressure  mains  leading  to  a  pre- 
liminary hydro-electric  generating  plant,  situated  280  ft.  above  sea 
level,  and  designed  to  use  .5,000,000  of  the  total  of  15,000,000 
million  gallons  of  water  delivered  daily,  while  the  remainder  would 
be  used  in  a  second  power  station,  50  ft.  above  sea  level.  The  tail 
water  from  the  first  scheme  would  be  purified  and  delivered  to  the 
Council's  waterworks,  while  the  lower  station  would  Idischarge 
into  the  sea,  unless  the  water  were  reciuired  for  agricultural  pur- 
poses. The  upper  station  is  proposed  to  contain  1,400  kw.  and  the 
lower  one  6,400  Kw.of  plant  :  both  stations  would  supply  through 
the  lower  one,  where  the  current  would  be  stepped  up  to  40,000 
volts  pressure  for  transmission  over  duplicate  three-phase  over- 
head mains  a  distance  of  35  miles  to  a  receivmg  station  in 
Cape  Town.  The  estimates  of  working  cost  are  of  consider- 
able interest,  as  the  total  annual  charges,  including  interest  at 
4  per  cent.,  and  depreciation  at  half  that  rate,  amount  to  i;47,310, 
whereas  the  revenue  derived  from  the  sale  of  water  at  (id.  per 
1,000  gallons,  and  of  electricity  (12,000,000  units)  at  jd.  per  unit, 
totals  £52,375.  These  prices  are  for  water  and  electricity  delivered. 
Last  year  the  Cape  Town  Corporation  generated  4,000,000  units  in 
its  own  plant,  requiring  over  9.000  tons  of  coal,  or  an  average  coal 
cost  of  'ed  per  unit,  so  that  the  scheme  which,  of  course,  looks 
towards  the  industrial  developments  of  the  future  and  the  electrifi- 
cation of  local  railways,  appears  to  be  of  considerable  interest. 

Staljbridffe. — The  Council  is  installing  four  :;,000-k\v. 
Curtis-Rateau  turbo-alternators  at  its  power  station,  which  will 
then  have  plant  installed  of  19,C00-kw.  capacity. 

Stroud. — Some  years  ago  a  piivate  company  proposed  an 
electric  lighting  scheme  for  Stroud  and  district,  and  the  U.D.C. 
obtained  a  prov.  order  for  its  own  protection.  The  order  was 
renewed  year  after  year,  and  eventually  allowed  to  lapse,  this 
transaction  costing  the  ratepayers  £500,  and  proving  a  bar  to 
progress.  Isow  another  private  company  is  in  the  field,  with  a 
scheme  for  electric  supply  for  the  town  of  Stroud  and  district,  and 
both  the  r.D.C.  and  the  R.D.C.  have  consented  to  waive  any 
objection  they  might  have  to  the  proposal  on  certain  conditions, 
which  have  been  agreed  to,  but  the  B.  of  T.  has  objected  to  the 
conditions  which  the  promoters  of  the  scheme  have  entered  into 
with  the  R.D.C,  and  states  that  the  order  must  either  be  given  up 
so  far  as  the  latter  is  concerned  or  else  the  Council  must  withdraw 
its  conditions.  This  means  that  the  R.D.C.  will  be  struck  out 
from  the  Electric  Light  Order,  which  will  be  confined  to  the  area  of 
the  Urban  Council.  The  latter  authority  has  obtained  the  insertion 
of  a  clause  in  the  prov.  order  providing  for  option  of  purchase  in 
21  years,  it  being  understood  that  with  the  granting  of  powers  the 
promoters  would  forthwith  proceed  to  carry  the  same  into  effect. 
It  is  not  anticipated  that  the  R  D.C  will  agree  to  withdraw  its 
conditions,  and  the  clerk  is  in  correspondence  with  the  B.  of  T.  on 
the  subject. 

Tyneside. — Efforts  have  recently  been  made  to  exploit 
the  pit  heaps  on  the  sites  of  disused  collieries  near  Coxhoe,  as  much 
good  coal  is  known  to  exist  in  them.  The  rubbish  from  South 
KeUoe  heap  is  being  loaded  into  trucks  and  hauled  to  the  Carville 
power  station,  where  some  400  or  500  tons  are  being  sent  each  week. 
The  waste  is  also  being  used  for  firing  at  local  brickworks,  and  its 
use  will  eventually  clear  large  areas  of  land  at  present  disused. 


760 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,850,  Mat  9,  1913 


I'.S.A. — According  to  the  Wall  Street  Journal,  Los 
AngeU-8  is  the  moBt  hiphlydeveloped  electrical  city  in  the  world. 
It  is  said  that  9S  per  cent,  of  all  habitable  dwellings  are  wired  for 
electric  supply,  and  that  there  is  a  meter  for  every  4  J  inhabitants. 

Watford. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  15.  of  G.  it  was 
stated  that  the  installation  of  electric  light  at  the  workhouse  had 
resulted  in  £74  being  saved  in  one  quarter,  compared  with  the 
previous  cost  of  gas. 

West  Broinwieh. — According  to  reports  issued  on  the 
2nd  inst.,  the  sales  of  electric  energy  during  the  year  ended  March 
aist  amounted  to  t:  17,618,  which  is  an  increase  of  1 1,121  upon  last 
year.  For  private  lighting  there  is  an  increase  of  £  1 36,  and  for 
motive  power  an  increase  of  £1,100,  but  for  traction  there  is  a 
decrease  of  £115. 

West  Ham. — The  Corporation  Electricity  Supply  De- 
partment has  arranged  for  electric  cooking  demonstrations  and 
lectures  to  be  given  by  Mr.  F.  S.  Grogan  at  the  Town  Hall, 
Stratford,  from  May  19th  to  22nd,  at  3.30  p.m.  and  7  p.m.  each  day. 

Wortbinp:. — Acting  on  the  report  from  the  electrical 
engineer,  Mr.  G.  Porter,  the  Electricity  Committee  of  the  T.C.  has 
decided  that  provision  should  be  made  as  soon  as  possible  for  addi- 
tional plant  and  buildings  to  meet  the  increasing  demand  upon  the 
machinery,  and  anthority  has  been  given  for  the  preparation  of 
the  necessary  plans  and  estimates,  with  a  view  to  the  Committee 
reporting  to  the  Council  at  an  early  date. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Aberdeen. — The  "  Pay-as-you-enter "  system  of  cars 
has  been  adopted  by  the  Corporation  on  the  Woodside  section. 
The  T.C.  contracted  for  10  cars,  which  have  been  constructed  by 
a  local  firm  at  a  cost  of  between  £800  and  £900  each.  At  the 
inauguration  ceremony,  Mr.  B.  Stuart  Pilcher,  the  manager,  was 
heartily  congratulated  on  his  enterprise  in  introducing  the  cars. 
The  innovation,  which  appeared  to  work  quite  smoothly,  created 
great  interest. 

Acorington. — The  year's  working  of  the  Corporation 
tramways  undertaking  shows  the  total  receipts  to  have  been 
£27.822,  an  increase  of  £1,601.  The  total  working  expenses  were 
£15,4.55,  or  £340  less  than  last  year.  The  balance  to  net  revenue 
account  was  £12,367,  as  compared  with  £10,426  in  the  previous 
year,  an  increase  of  i:l,941.  The  gross  profit  was  £4,553,  and  the 
net  profits  £1,194. 

Belfast. — At  the  monthly  meeting  of  the  Corporation 
last  week,  the  minutes  of  the  Tramway  and  Electricity  Committee 
contained  Mr.  Mance's  annual  statement  on  the  tramways.  Alder- 
man Finnigan  said  that  it  was  thought  that  there  would  have  been 
a  larger  revenue,  but,  on  the  whole,  it  was  a  satisfactory  one.  The 
forecast  of  profits  was  £2(;(i,000,  but  expenses  had  gone  up,  and 
instead  of  amounting  to  i;  135,000,  they  were  i:  14.3,000.  The 
nominal  net  profit  was  £16,000.  There  was  an  increase  of  £2,.j00 
in  sundry  wages,  and  the  late  wet  summer  lost  them  4:5,000. 
Recently  a  lot  of  the  old  cars  had  been  converted  into  up-to- 
date  cars. 

BiD^le.T. — Last  week,  a  I-.G.B.  inquiry  was  held  into 
an  application  by  the  Council,  for  powers  to  borrow  i;l!),930  for 
street  and  highway  improvements  in  connection  with  the  scheme 
for  the  extension  of  tramways  from  the  present  Nab  Wood  ter- 
minus of  the  Bradford  system,  for  which  the  Bingley  Council 
has  obtained  powers.     There  was  no  opposition. 

Blackpool. — The  tram-fares  question  has  been  settled 
for  another  year;  there  was  an  agitation  for  Id.  /ares  in  the 
Fromenode.  and  Mr.  Chas.  Furness,  the  manaeer,  pointed  out  tbst 
during  21  weeks  last  year,  the  tramway  systems  of  Blackpool  and 
Bournemouth  each  carried  about  7  J  million  passengers  :  at  Bourne- 
mouth, where  there  were  Id.  stages,  the  receipts  were  £45,840, 
while  at  Blackpool,  principally  through  the  2d.  minimum  on  the 
Promenade,  the  receipts  were  £51,794.  Mr.  Furness  pointed  out 
that  the  difference  of  £s.9.-,4  in  favour  of  Blackpool  made  all  the 
difference  between  profit  and  loss,  and  enabled  them  to  face  the  loss 
of  £l(t,000  incurred  in  maintaining  the  tramway  service  during 
the  winter,  for  whilst  the  average  weekly  winter  receipts  in 
Bournemouth  were  1 1,600.  they  were  only  £600  at  Blackpool.  He 
estimated  that  the  a.'.option  of  Id.  stages  during  the  season  would 
mean  a  loss  of  from  £7,000  to  £10,000.  It  was  stated  that  as  from 
80  per  cent,  to  90  per  cent  of  the  tramway  receipts  were  contributed 
by  visitors  during  the  summer,  it  would  be  folly  to  make  any  change 
which  would  result  in  adding  to  the  ratepayers'  burdens.  There- 
fore no  change  was  made. 

Bolton. — The  revenue  account  and  balance-sheet  of  the 

tramways  undertaking  for  the  year  ended  March  31st,  1913,  has 
jnst  been  presented  to  the  Tramways  Committee  by  the  borough 
treasurer.  The  Committee  approved  the  accounts,  and  resolved  to 
transfer  £13. .",00  towards  the  relief  of  the  rates,  as  compared  with 
£10..".00  last  year.    The  reserve  fund  now  stands  at  £:)5,901. 

Bnry.— ilr-  "W.  Clough,  the  general  manager  of  the 
tramway  undertaking,  in  his  annual  report,  states  that  the  gross 
traflSc   receipts  8mount«d  to  £67,.-.25,   as  compared  with   £66,074 


for  the  previous  year,  an  increase  of  £1,451.  The  figures  for  the 
year  1911-12  were,  at  the  time,  regarded  as  the  maximum  because 
several  exceptional  factors  had  contributed  to  the  result.  To  have 
exceeded  the  result  of  that  record  year  was  extremely  satisfactory. 
The  gross  receipts  were  allocated  as  follows  : — Bury  sections, 
£44,167:  Radcliffe  sections,  £13,8!i2:  Heywood  sections,  £7,226; 
and  Salford  sections,  £2,239.  There  was  a  net  surplus  on 
the  Bury  sections  of  1 9,572,  to  which  had  to  be  added  the 
net  surplus  of  £1,252  from  the  Radcliffe  tramways,  making  a 
total  net  surplus  of  £10,824.  Of  this  amount,  £6,252  had 
been  contributed  to  the  borough  rates,  £3,572  carried  to  reserve 
and  depreciation  fund,  and  £1,1100  used  to  commence  an  insurance 
fund  against  third-party  claims. 

Continental  Xotes. — Kussia. — La  Societe  des  Tram- 
ways de  Kischinew  has  taken  over  the  municipal  tramway  system 
in  the  town  of  Kischinew,  and,  under  a  45  years'  concession,  is  con- 
verting the  same  to  electric  traction,  as  well  as  constructing  several 
new  lines.  It  is  expected  that  the  work  of  conversion  will  be 
completed  by  October  next.  The  necessary  electrical  energy  will 
be  supplied  from  the  municipal  electric  power  station. 

Dewsbary. — The  Batley   Corporation  having  intimated 

its  inability  to  undertake  the  construction  of  a  line  of  tramway  in 
Dewsbury  Gate  Road,  the  Dewsbury  Electricity  and  Tramways  Com- 
mittee has  decided  to  notify  the  intention  of  the  Corporation  with 
respect  to  a  physical  junction  between  the  Shaw  Cross  and  West- 
borough  tramways  to  the  Yorkshire  (Woollen  District)  Tramways 
Co.  and  the  National  Electric  Construction  Co.,  and  inquire  if, 
under  the  circumstances,  they  are  prepared  to  submit  to  the  Com- 
mittee amended  proposals  for  dealing  with  the  matter. 

•Doncaster. — The  R.U.C.  has  decided  to  support  the 
Mexborough  and  Swinton  Railless  Tramways  Bill,  which  has  met 
with  strenuous  opposition  on  the  part  of  many  of  the  smaller 
townships  of  South  Yorkshire.  The  support  has  been  given  on  an 
undertaking  that  clauses  will  be  inserted  for  the  protection  of  the 
Doncaster  Council. 

Jarrow-on-Tyne. — A  letter  from  the  Jarrow  and  District 
Electric  Traction  Co.,  stating  that  the  directors  are  being  pressed  to 
provide  improved  travelling  facilities  between  .larrow  and  South 
Shields,  has  been  received  and  considered  by  the  Corporation  Tram- 
ways Committee  of  South  Shields.  The  company  expresses  the 
opinion  that  the  time  is  opportune  for  the  renewal  of  through 
running  over  the  Shields  tramways,  and  asks  whether  the  Cor- 
poration is  prepared  to  discuss  the  matter.  The  Committee  has 
decided  that  the  Corporation  is  not  prepared,  in  view  of  its  previous 
experience,  to  discuss  the  question  of  running  powers. 

Keighley. — At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C.  last  week,  the 
chairman  of  the  Tramways  Committee  moved  that,  instead  of  con- 
tinuing to  insure  the  motor-omnibuses  against  damage  and  the 
Corporation  against  third-party  risks,  £200  per  annum  should  be 
set  aside  and  paid  into  the  existing  tramway  insurance  fund.  Out- 
side insurance,  he  said,  had  cost  £365  in  two  years,  and  only  £62 
had  been  received  on  account  of  claims.  The  local  tramways 
insurance  fund  had  been  formed  through  the  laying  aside  of  Is.  6d. 
per  100  miles  run,  and  the  fund  now  stood  at  £965.  The  motion  was 
adopted. 

The  Corporation  has  received  official  sanction  to  the  running 
of  a  service  of  railless  cars  from  Ingrow  for  the  next  three 
months. 

Liverpool-Ormskirk    Electric    Railway.— ilay    1st 

marked  the  inauguration  of  a  full  electric  train  service  between 
Liverpool  and  Ormskirk,  made  possible  by  the  completion  of  the 
electrification  extension  from  Town  Green  to  Ormskirk.  The  pro- 
vision of  the  new  storage  battery  station  at  the  latter  town 
enables  practically  a  half-hourly  service  to  be  maintained,  and 
only  through  steam-trains  to  and  from  the  north  will  run  on  this 
portion  of  the  line  in  future.  It  is  expected  that  the  quickened 
Fervice  will  prove  beneficial  to  the  Ormskirk  district  as  a 
r.'sidential  centre. 

Lonitdii. — !-('.('. — The  Hrghwa3s  Cotrmittee,  in  view  of 

♦  he  sHprations  to  he  made  at  the  Greenwich  generating  station  and 
the  shortage  of  plant,  has  made  arrangements  with  the  Lonccn 
Electric  Supply  Corporation  to  purchase  up  to  2,000  KW.  at  £3  per 
KW.-\ear,  and  'M.  per  unit,  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  nine  months. 
This  represents  a  charge  of  £13,750  as  compared  with  £11,870  if 
(  btained  from  the  Council's  own  plant. 

Ilanchester. — A  report  has  been  prepared  by  a  Special 
Sub-Committee  of  the  Corporation  Tramways  Committee  upon  tha 
question  of  the  congestion  of  tramway  traffic.  Attention  has  been 
concentrated  solely  upon  what  may  be  described  as  the  passenger 
transportation  problem — how  best  to  meet  the  demands  of  the 
travelling  public  between  the  central  parts  of  the  city  and  the 
various  suburban  districts.  The  report  states  that  the  problem  is 
of  so  important  a  character,  affecting  so  vitally  not  only  the  future 
of  the  tramway  undertaking,  but  that  of  the  city  generally,  that  the 
Sub-Committee  suggested  that  full  information  should  be  obtained 
from  all  available  sources.  The  Sub-Committee  deemed  it  necefi- 
sary  that  the  general  manager  and  the  p>ermanent-way  engineer 
should  be  instructed  to  visit  other  cities,  both  in  this  country  and 
abroad,  and  the  Tramways  Committee  adopted  a  recommendation  in 
this  sense,  but  the  City  Council  subsequently  referred  the  matter 
back  for  further  consideration.  The  Sub-Committee  was  more 
than  ever  convinced,  after  further  consideration,  that  the  pro- 
cedure originally  suggested  wa.<t  absolutely  necessary,  and  it  again 
recommends  that  the  two  officers  named  be  instructed  to  visit  the 
following  cities  at  at;  early  a  date  as  possible,  and  that  they  be 


Vol.  71.    No.  l,Hr,(i,  May  !t,  l'.)l;i. 


THE    ELECTRTCAl.    U1':V1F-:\V. 


7(;i 


ilircctod  carofiilly  to  Htudy  tlio  vuriouH  nicthodn  of  pacHcii^fia  Iruna- 
)iortittion  udoptcil  : — London,  OlaHKoWi  I'liriw,  llorlin,  llumbur^, 
Vienna,  New  York,  ItoHton,  Cliico(;o,  I'hiladi'lphia  and  Toronto. 
Tho  SubConiniittrc  pointM  out  that  delay  ih  HeriouH,  bec-auHC  the 
trallio  demandfl  aro  ko  (jrcat  that  Iho'l'raniwayH  (Joinmittce  ih  forced 
to  provide  nt'w  rolliu({  stock,  and  the  outcome  of  the  propoHed 
in()uiry  may  be  that  gome  modiliuation  in  the  exiBtiuif  typen  of 
roUinj;  ntock  may  be  Hujfi^eBted. 

Jn  rei^ard  to  the  allocation  of  CIOO.OOO  to  the  relief  of  the  rates 
from  tho  Corporation  tramways  undertaking,  the  Finance  Com- 
mittee of  the  Corporation  has  pointed  out  to  the  Tramways 
Committee  that,  on  the  ba^is  of  5  per  cent,  on  capital  expenditure, 
the  tramways  department  should  contribute  £1UI!,117  in  rate 
relief.  The  Tramways  Committee  is  protesting  against  the  con- 
tribution of  any  greater  sum  than  the  £100,000  shown  in  the 
annual  estimates,  declaring  that  the  effect  of  such  a  policy  will  be 
to  cripple  the  development  of  the  undertaking,  and  to  prevent  the 
granting  of  further  improved  facilities  to  the  travelling  public. 

Xewcastle-Oll-Tyne. — .\t  a  (^inference  of  the  Institution 
of  Municipal  and  County  Engineers,  Mr.  J.  McKellar,  of  Newcastle, 
contributed  a  paper  on  the  tramway  extensions  of  the  city.  lie 
mentioned  that  there  were  about  (iO  miles  single  track,  and  they 
had  cost  about  one  and  a  (guarter  millions.  With  the  exception  of 
the  first  20  miles,  which  were  constructed  under  contract,  all  the 
work  had  been  carried  out  departmentally.  The  present  trolley 
system  came  into  operation  in  December,  I'.tOl,  and  almost  all  the 
original  rails  and  other  material  were  still  in  use,  evidence  of  the 
quality  of  the  work.  The  only  renewals  carried  out  so  far  were 
about  500  yards  on  each  side  of  two  very  steep  gradients  (worn  out 
owing  to  the  action  of  the  magnetic  brakes)  and  three  of  the 
original  junctions.  During  the  present  year  it  was  proposed  to 
relay  about  two  miles  of  route  and  seven  junctions. 

IS'ottinjfham. — The  tramways  undertaking  shows  a  net 
profit  of  i.'2 1,775  for  the  last  year,  which  is  to  be  apportioned  as 
follows  :  In  aid  of  general  district  rate,  £19,000  ;  to  reserve  and 
renewals  fund,  C 4,775  :  to  reserve  for  removal  of  centre  poles  sus- 
pense account,  £1,000.  Traffic  receipts  during  the  12  m««(lis 
amounted  to  .L  164,7.").'>,  while  adveitistments  brought  in  £2,200. 
Energy  for  power  and  lighting  accounted  for  £ 30,00.')  of  the  total 
expenditure,  which  amounted  to  £108,273. 

Swansea. — A  deputation  representing  the  Corporation, 
which  has  been  to  Halifax,  Leeds  and  othtr  p'aces  with  the  object 
of  inspecting  the  working  of  tramways  on  steep  gradients  in  order 
to  decide  on  the  best  means  of  traction  up  Mount  Pleasant, 
Swansea,  has  returned,  and  its  members  express  themselves  satisfied 
that  a  system  of  ordinary  electric  traction  with  overhead  wires, 
recommended  by  Mr.  feellon,  the  Corporation's  consulting  engineer, 
will  meet  every  requirement  of  efficiency  and  safety.  There  is  a 
likelihood  that  the  adoption  of  a  central  rail  may  be  recommended 
as  an  additional  precaution. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


An  International  Wireless  Teleeraph  Company. — 

An  interesting  development  in  international  co-operation  is  afforded 
T61egraphie  sans  Fil,  with  a  share  capital  of  £90,000,  divided  into 
by  the  formation  in  Brussels  of  the  Societc  Internationale  de 
4,500  shares  of  £20  each.  The  principal  interests  in  the  company 
are  represented  by  Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.  with  1,500 
shares,  the  Gesellschaft  fiir  Drahtlose  Telegraphie,  of  Berlin,  with 
1,500  shares  and  the  Banque  d'Outremer,  of  Brussels,  with  800 
shares. 

Australia. — The  Postmaster-General  has  stated  that  for 
three  consecutive  nights  the  operator  on  Macquarie  Island,  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Antarctic  Circle,  has  been  able  to  maintain  regular 
communication  with  the  wireless  stations  at  Port  Moresby  and 
Thursday  Island — a  distance  of  considerably  over  2,000  miles. 

Blind  Telephone  Operators.— In  the  United  States 

trials  have  been  made  with  blind  girls  as  telephone  operators,  with 
remarkable  success.  It  is  stated  that  they  carry  out  their  duties 
more  accurately  than  girls  who  are  in  poEsession  of  sight. 

Crete. — It  is  proposed  to  enlarge  the  telegraph  and 
telephone  networks  in  the  island  of  Crete  at  a  cost  of  105.000  fr. 
The  orders  for  the  material  and  instruments  will  be  placed  by  the 
Greek  Government. 

Imperial  Wireless  System. ^On  AVednesday  last  week, 

Mr.  F.  Straker,  assistant  general  manager  of  the  London  and 
South-Western  Bank,  was  examined  by  the  Select  Committee  on 
the  Marconi  contract  regarding  the  statement  of  Mr.  Powell, 
that  a  large  syndicate  had  been  operating  in  Marconi  shares, 
which  he  denied  i>t  ioto.  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs  banked  with  them, 
and  opened  a  special  account  in  connection  with  the  American 
shares.  There  was  no  request  for  small  notes.  The  total  amount 
credited  to  the  special  account  was  about  £150.000;  £53,000  was 
withdrawn  by  Mr.  Isaacs  and  paid  to  Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph 
Co.,  the  balance  being  cabled  to  New  York  in  payment  for  the 
shares. 

Mr.  H.  T.Campbell,  broker  to  the  Marconi  Co.,  was  recalled,  and 
gave  evidence  regarding  the  dealings  in  shares.  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs 
afterwards  explained  the  transfer  of  moneys  from  his  bank  account 
to  that  of  the  company. 


After  the  dose  of  thepublli;  Hitting,  tin:  Comri]' 
dcnirabilily  of  prefeiiting  a  fiM'cial   interim   rcp'.r 
Directing  ,Mini«terHuiid  othcrH,  and  came  to  the  ■ 
time  available  before  the   rit-ing  of  thn  Hoime  w»«  nol  huILchhI  to 
enable  it  to  do  fo.       It  wbm  reholvcd  that  the  cvidunce  in  rfRard  to 
this  part  of  tho  intpiiry  bo  concluded  Itefore  the  WhitHuntidc  rcccM, 
and  that  at  the  lirht  rat-eting  after  the  rcceM  the  Committee  should 
proceed  forthwith  to  the  preparation  of  an  interim  rejifjrt. 

In  the  lIouKC  of  CommoiiB  the  Prime  MinlHtcr  refuiied  facilities 
to  discuss  a  motion  that  tho  Committee  Vje  inrtructtd  to  report  on 
or  before  June  2nd. 

On  Monday  Sir  Albert  Spicer,  aHsisted  by  Mr.  <i.  W.  Knox, 
examined  the  paHs-booksof  .Mr.  Lloyd  George  and  Kir  Uufu«  Imbcs. 

The  report  of  the  Technical  Committee  appears  elsewhere  in  thli) 
issue. 

The  Select  Committee  refused  an  apjilication  snbmitted  by  Mr, 
Maxse  for  a  further  hearing.  A  further  sitting  ■v^a'^  held  on 
Wednesday,  when  Mr.  Marconi  gave  evidence. 

India. — An  automatic  telephone  syKtem,  which  was 
recently  inspccterl  by  numerous  officials  of  the  (iovernment  of 
India  at  Delhi,  is  to  be  introduced  at  Simla  next  cold  weather.- 
Indian  limjiiieeruiy. 

L.C.C. — The  Post  OHice  has  given  notice  that  the  charges 
made  to  the  Council  under  agreement  with  the  National  Telephone 
Co.,  for  the  services  of  the  telephone  operators  at  the  private 
exchanges  at  the  county  hall  and  the  education  offices,  have  been 
revised.  Under  the  existing  arrangement  the  cost  of  the  service!* 
of  the  operators,  for  which  a  charge  of  £598  a  year  is  to  be  made 
in  future,  amounts  to  £401  a  year,  so  that  the  increased  cost  to  the 
Council  will  amount  to  £197  a  year. 

London  Fire  Alarms. — London  is  to  be  provided  with 
a  more  modern  system  of  fire  alarms  than  those  now  in  use,  which 
are  reported  to  be  not  of  the  best  type.  An  officer  of  the  fire 
brigade  is  to  visit  America  for  the  purpose  of  inspecting  and 
reporting  upon  the  systems  of  fire  alarms  in  use  in  the  large 
cities. — Daily  Telegraph. 

Poulsen  System    of  Wireless  Telegraphy.— It   is 

announced  that  the  Canadian  Government  has  introduced  a  Bill  to 
ratify  an  agreement  between  the  Dominion  and  the  Universal  Radio 
Syndicate  for  the  establishment  of  wireless  communication  between 
Canada  and  England,  on  the  Poulsen  system.  The  company  claims 
to  be  able  to  transmit  at  the  rate  of  80  words  a  minute,  and  to  work 
day  and  night  over  a  distance  of  2,000  miles.  The  British  station 
will  be  at  Bally bunnion,  Co.  Kerry,  and  it  is  said  that  the  system 
will  be  in  operation  in  August  next.  Code  messages  will  be  taken 
at  8d.  a  word,  ordinary  messages  at  4d.,  and  Press  messages  at 
2d.     Code  messages  will  not  be  given  priority  over  private  ones. 

The  Telegraph  Service. — The  Controller  of  the  Central 
Telegraph  Oflfice  has  addressed  a  letter  to  the  staff,  stating  that  the 
service  is  in  a  state  of  transition,  and  urging  the  members  to  revise 
their  methods  and  accelerate  their  procedure,  in  view  of  the  grow- 
ing competition  of  the  telephone. 

Telephonic  Communication  Between  Vienna  and 

Daliiiatia. — About  a  year  ago  it  was  decided  to  establish  tele- 
phonic communication  between  Vienna  and  Dalmatia,  and  the  line 
• — now  completed — passes  thiough  Istria  and  over  a  number  of 
islands  in  the  Adriatic  to  the  Dalmatian  coast.  The  total  distance 
from  Vienna  to  Zara  (Dalmatia)  is  about  510  mUes.  The  overhead 
lines  are  of  5-mm.  bronze  wire,  and  the  total  length  of  the  submarine 
sections  of  the  line  is  37  miles.  The  Krarup  (distributed  loading) 
construction  was  adopted  in  preference  to  the  Pupin  system  of 
loading,  owing  to  the  numerous  changes. from  submarine  to  over- 
head construction  ;  the  submarine  cables  were  supplied  by  the 
Norddeutsche  Seekabelwerke  (Nordenham),  whose  tender  was  the 
lowest  received.  The  cables  contain  four  cores,  each  comprising 
a  round  central  copper  conductor  surrounded  by  three  strip  con- 
ductors (total  section  5.")  sq.  mm.),  overwound  with  three  layers  of 
0"2  mm.  soft  iron  wire,  and  covered  with  a  tpecial  gutta-percha 
mixture  to  8'4  mm.  diameter.  The  conductors  are  stranded  in 
pairs,  which  are  then  also  stranded  together.  A  brass  tape 
covering  is  provided  as  protection  against  the  teredo,  while  the 
armour  consists  of  24  galvanised  iron  wires  of  5'7  mm.  diameter  on 
the  deep  sea,  and  of  207  'l-mm.  wires  on  the  coastal,  sections  of  the 
cable.  No  cable  ship  being  available,  the  cargo  steamer  Peru  was 
adapted  to  the  work  of  laying  the  cable,  which  was  eflfected 
without  mishap,  though  the  siiocco  raged  during  part  of  the 
laying  period. 

On  the  completion  of  the  line,  it  was  found  that  communication 
between  its  ends  was  very  satisfactory  despite  the  considerable 
leakage  from  the  overhead  lines,  which  leakage  was  particularly 
severe  on  the  islands  owing  to  the  collection  of  thick  salt  deposits 
on  the  insulators  and  posts.  The  two  pairs  of  conductors  in  the 
submarine  cables  were  free  from  mutual  induction,  so  that  no 
cross-talk  was  experienced.  Before  laying  the  submarine  cable 
the  two  pairs  of  cores  were  placed  in  series  for  experimental  pur- 
poses, and  it  was  found  that  satisfactory  communication  could  be 
efltected  through  the  75  miles  effective  length  of  submarine  cable 
thus  obtained  and  395  miles  of  landline.  Recently  satisfactory 
speech  transmission  has  been  secured  between  Vienna  and  Sara- 
jevo (875  miles),  although  the  overhead  lines  in  Bosnia  are  only 
3  or  4  mm.  in  diameter- — E.T.Z. 

Wireless   Station   Burned. — The  wireless  station  at 

Cape  Race  was  destroyed  by  fire  on  ^fonday. 

E 


762 


THE    ELECTRICAL    liEVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  l,8r.O,  May  9,  1913. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 

Aastralia.  —  Victoria.  —  May  30th.  High-tension 
switchpear  with  remote  control,  for  the  Melbonrne  City  Council. 
See  "Official  Notices  "  March  I'sth. 

.May  16th. — One  15-ton  overhead  travellinir  crane,  for  the  Mel- 
bourne City  Council.     See  "  Official  Notices  '  May  2nd. 

.lune  2nd. — 20,000-volt  h.t.  switchgear  and  l.t.  3witch(;ear  and 
accessories,  for  the  Melbourne  Suburban  Railways.  See ''Official 
Notices"  May  2nd. 

June  1 1th. — Switchgear  and  instruments,  for  the  Melbourne. City 
Council.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th. 

July  Sth.  —  Common  -  battery  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G."3 
Department.    See  "Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Tas-MANIA. — June  9th.  Telepraph  and  telephone  material  for 
the  P.M.G.8  Department.     See  "Official  Notices"  to  d»y. 

yuEENSLASD. — May  21st.  Copper  wire  and  accessories,  for  the 
P.M.G.'s  Department.    See  "Official  Notices'"  .\pril  11th. 

August  27th. — Five  sections  of  common-battery  multiple  switch- 
board, for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.     See  "Official  Notices "'  to-day. 

Westers  Aistkalia.  — May  28th.  Condensing  plant,  pump 
and  pipinjj,  for  a  Government  power  station  at  Perth.  See 
"Official  Notices'  to-day. 

July  9th  and  30th  and  August  (Jth. — Telegraph  and  telephone 
material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official  Notices'" 
to-day. 

Sonic  AusTBAi.iA. -July  16th.  Telegraph  and  telephone 
material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  Ste"' Official  Notices" 
to-day. 

Barnes. — May  lltth.  Feeder  and  distributor  cables,  for 
the  U.D  C.    See  "  Official  Notices '   AprU  2.-.th. 

KelfilSt. — May  I'.ith.  Circulating-water  pump,  for  the 
Corporation  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  April  25th. 

Belgium. — May  16th.  The  Direction  des  Fonts  et 
Chaussti'-s  in  Brussels  (62,  Boulevard  du  Regent)  is  inviting  tenders 
for  an  installation  of  electric  lighting  in  the  Public  Park  at 
Laeken.  Particulars  may  be  obtained  from  the  Engineer,  15,  Rue 
des  AugQstins,  Brussels. 

Birkenhead. — May  r.ith.  Corporation  Electricity 
Department :  tenders  for  washed  slack  or  washed  small  coal,  for 
12  months,  commencing  July  Ist,  1913.  Electrical  engineer,  Mr. 
W.  "Wyld,  Craven  Street. 

Bootle. — May  13th.  Boiler  and  pipe  coverings  for 
Marsh  Lane  electricity  works.  Borough  Electrical  Engineer's 
Office,  Pine  Grove. 

Bradford. — -May  15th.  The  Education  Committee 
invites  tenders  for  electrical  work  and  fittings  at  the  Belle  Vue 
Boys'  Secondary  School  and  the  School  for  Deaf  and  Cripple 
Children,  Lister  Lane.  Tenders  to  the  Director  of  Education. 
Town  Hall. 

Bal^aria. — May  21st.  The  District  Administration  of 
Finance  in  Sofia  is  inviting  tenders  for  a  double  electrically- 
operated  winding  cage  with  all  accetsorief,  for  the  State  Collieries 
at  Pernik. 

Derby, — May  23rd.  One  750-kw.  motor-alternator,  for 
the  Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  '  to-day. 

Germany. — May  21st.  The  Prussian  State  Railway 
authorities  at  Konigsberg  are  inviting  tenders  for  two  30-cwt. 
electrically-operated  coal-loading  cranes. 

Glasgow. — May  2t;th.  Two  steam  turbo-alternators, 
with  condensing  plant  (5,000  KW.  and  2.000  Kw.  respectively),  for 
the  Corporation  Tramways  Department.  See  "  Official  Notices '" 
April  25th. 

Grimsby. — Pipework,  extension  of  Klein  cooling  towers, 
conduits,  seven-way  d.p.  distribution  board  and  motor-driven  rotary 
air  and  water  extraction  pumps  and  circulating  pump,  for  the 
Corporation.    See  'Official  Notices"  May  2nd. 

Leeds. — May  10th.  Economiser  chamljer  at  the 
generating  station,  Whitehall  Road  ;  extension  of  engine  room 
flooring  at  generating  station,  Whitehall  Road.  Specifications, 
ice,  from  1.  Whitehall  Road,  Mr.  C.  N.  Hefford,  engineer. 

London. — May  9th.  Electrical  installation  at  Wilton 
Road  Central  I^lementary  School,  Hackney.  See  "  Official  Notices "' 
April  25th. 

May  13th. —  One  20-ton  overhead  band  crane,  for  the  Shoreditch 
sub-station.     See  "  Official  Notices"  April  25th. 

L.C.C. — May  2Sth.  Electrical  installations  at  Lewisham  Bridge 
and  P'airfield  Road  (Bow)  elementary  schools.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

Applications  are  invited  from  persons  and  firms  wishing  to  be 
incl  uded  among  those  from  whom  the  Council  invites  tenders  for 
the  supply  of  stores  and  the  execution  of  general  maintenance 
ontracta.     See  ''Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Mii.E  E.ND. — Two  30-Kw.  and  one  15-kw.  compound  engines  and 
dynamos,  for  the  Guardians  (from  municipal  authorities  only).  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Malta. — May  22nd.  .Arc  lamp  carbons.  Receiver- 
General  and  Director  of  Contracts,  Valletta.  Forms,  kc,  from 
Crown  Agents  for  the  Colonies,  Whitehall  Gardens,  S.W. 


nanehester. — May  13th.  Electric  light  installation  at 
Withington  Workhouse.  Specification  and  particulars  obtainable 
from  Mr.  F.  H.  Overmann,  architect,  49,  King  Street,  Manchester. 

Me.\l»orou|;h. — May  30th.  Lancashire  boiler,  for  the 
r.D.C.  electricity  department.     See  "Official  Notices"  April  25th. 

Xew  Zealand. — Christchvech. — May  22nd.  City 
Council.  Two  500-Kw.  converters  and  switchboard  panels.  Ten- 
liere,  c.i.f.  LytteltOD,  to  office  of  High  Commissioner  for  N.Z.,  13, 
\ictoria  Street.  S.W.  Specification,  ,V:c.,  at  Board  of  Trade  C.I. 
Department  in  London. 

Korway. — May  I4th.  Norwegian  State  Telegraph 
Department.  Copper  wire,  insulators  and  soldering  tin.  Local 
representation.  Copies  of  the  specifications  may  be  seen  at  the 
C.I.  Branch  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  London. 

PeterborODSJb. — The  Council  is  about  to  invite  tenders 
for  two  steam  boilers  and  a  steam  turbine  and  generator. 

Paris. — ilay  l.'ith.  Tenders  are  invited  for  the  electrical 
high-tension  equipment  to  be  established  at  the  sub-station  at 
Meudon-val-Fleury.  Particulars,  Bureaux  du  Service  Electrique 
(I'm.  Division).  13,  Rue  de  Rome,  Paris. 

May  17th.  Supply  of  200,000  liquid  pile  elements,  in  four  lots. 
Particulars,  Direction  de  1 'Exploitation  Telephoniqne,  103,  Rue  de 
Grenelle,  Paris. 

PI}  month. — May  13th.  Steam  coal(8,.">00  tons),  for  the 
Corporation  Electricity  Department  ;  Mr.  E.  G.  Okell,  Borough 
Electrical  Engineer,  I'rince  Ro:k  (returnable  deposit  of  £1). 

Rathmines  and  Rathjrar. — May  I9th.  Electrically- 
driven  jet  condensing  plant,  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "  Official  Notices" 
May  2nd. 

Boehdale. — May  Uth.  Electrically  -  driven  induced- 
draaght  plant,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  department.  See 
"Official  Notices'"  April  25th. 

May  21st. — Boiler  feed  pumps,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity 
Committee.    See  "'Official  Notices  '  May  2nd. 

Salford. — May  lOth.  Tenders  invited  for  10  car  bodies 
and  10  Brill  trucks.  Tramways  General  Manager,  32,  Blackfriars 
Street,  Salford. 

South    Africa. — STEi.LKMioscii    (Cai-k    Phovixck). — 

June  +th.  The  31  unicipality  is  requiring  tenders  for  buildings, 
generating  plant,  cablep,  public  lighting,  meters,  A;c.,  in  connection 
with  the  electric  lighting  scheme.  Specifications  from  Prof.  Bohle, 
South  African  College,  Cape  Town. 

Spain, — -May  23rd.  The  municipal  authorities  of  ^lon- 
tilla  (province  of  Cordoba)  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  concessic  n 
for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period  of  20  years. 

WalthamstOW. — May  28th.  Natural  draught  cooling 
tower,  for  the  U.D.C.  Electricity  Department.  See  "Official 
Notices  '  May  2nd. 

Warrington.— May  13th.     Traction  battery  and  rever- 
sible booster,  for  the  Corporation.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th. 
May  13th. — Feeder  pillars  and  high  and  low-tension  cables,  for 
the  Corporation.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  May  2nd. 


CLOSED. 


Anstralia. — Svdnky. — The  Aus/ralian  Mininfj  Staiulcrrd 
records  the  acceptance  of  the  following  tenders  by  the  Municipal 
Council  : — 

Feeder  Cables.— B.l.  &  Helsby  Cables  Ltd.,  £276 ;  Noyes  Bros.,  £3,968  ; 

Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Ltd.,  £iMV. 
Cndcrground  Cables.— B.I.  &  Helsby  Cables  Ltd.,  £11,721,  and  the  following 
as    per    schedule    tendered ;    Siemens   Bros.,   Western    Electric  Co., 
Henley's  Telegraph  Works,  Noyes  Bros. 
Motors.— British   Westinghouse   Electric  Co.,    Oardner,    Waern    &  Co., 
Union  Electric  Co.,  .Australian  GeneialElectric  Co.,  Australian  Metal 
Co.,  Sicinens  Bros.,  all  as  per  schedule  tendered. 
The  oame  contemporary  records  the  following  results  : — 
P.M.G.'s  Department,  Adelaide  : — 
61  tons  II  D.  copper  wire,   106  tons  galvanised   iron  wire. — R.  Johnson, 
Clapham  &  Morris,  Ltd. 
P.M.G.'s  Department,  Melbourne  : — 
Bells,  induction  coils  and  fuses,  I.R.,  G.P.  &  T.  Works  Co.    38  miles  paper- 
insulated  cable,  Australian  Metal  Co.      Bells,  fuses,  (elephoce  appara- 
tus, switchboards,  &c  ,  J.  Bartram  &  Sod,  Ppy.,  Ltd, 

P.M.G.'s  Department,  Perth  :— 
AboQt   9    miles    lead-covered,   paper-insulated   telephone    cable  (£8,899), 
Imperial  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  Perth.  Telegraph  cable  (3,166  ft.), 
B.I.  &.  Uelsby  Cables,  Ltd. 

According  to  Tenders,  the  Home  Affairs  Department  has  ordered 
the  steel  frame  for  power  generating  station.  Federal  capital  sitr, 
at  <: 6,345,  from  Messrs.  <Iohns  &  Waygood,  Ltd.,  Melbourne,  and 
one  Green's  patent  economiser,  for  Federal  capital,  at  £1,292,  from 
Babcock  i.^:  Wilcox,  Ltd. 

Barrow. — The  Council,  on  Monday,  decided  to  relieve 
.Messrs.  Ship  Carbons,  Ltd ,  from  their  contract  for  supplying 
yellow-flame  carbons,  and  agreed  that  the  tender  of  Messrs.  I/Ogineer- 
ing  and  Arc  Lamps,  Ltd.,  be  accepted.  In  regard  to  the  supply  of 
copper  wire  and  carbon-filament  lamps,  it  was  decided  to  inform 
Mefsrs.  Thos.  Bolton  A;  Sons,  Ltd.,  and  the  Radium  Electric  Co. 
that  the  Electricity  Committee  regret  that  they  cannot  make  any 
alteration  in  their  tenders,  and  that  they  be  recjuested  to  supply 
such  goods  as  may  be  ordered  in  accxirdance  with  their  tenders. 


Vol.  72.    No.  I,8ri0,  May  P,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


763 


Belfast. — Tlic  Corporation,  liisl-  week,  ucccpLcd  Lin; 
tender  of  MeHBr«.  Hiibajck  >V:  Wiloox,  Ltd.,  at  ii'J,wr>,  for  an  addi- 
tional boiler,  Huporhoater,  mcchnnicnl  ntokcr  and  pipework  for  the 
elei:tricity  works. 

ItelKJuni. — Tlic  municipal  aiiLlioritii'S  of  .Schaerbceli, 
BruBHolf,  lost  week  opened  tendern  for  tlu^  Hiipply  and  inHtallation  of 
11  transformer  boxes  in  connection  witli  the  electric  litrhtin^ 
undertakinRT.  Six  concerns — four  Ueli;ian,  one  French  and  one 
German — competed  for  the  contract,  the  lowest  tender  b«in|f  that 
of  the  Soci6to  A. E.G.  Union  Electri(]ue,  of  Hrussels. 

Be.\llill-on-Sea. — The  T.C.  has  sealed  an  agreement 
with  the  Tudor  Accumulator  Co.,  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
batteries  for  10  years. 

Blytb. — The  tender  of  llesai-s.  Uesive  &  Co.,  of 
Brienouse,  has  been  accepted  for  the  E.L.  installation  at  the  new 
Gc'ernment  buildinffs  at  Blyth. 

Bolton. — Tiic  Corporation  Tramways  Committee  has 
accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Milnes,  Voss  I'i:  Co.  for  ten  additional 
top  covers  for  double-deck  cars. 

The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the  following  tenders  : — 

■>V.    Oornall.  —  Roseivoir    construction    in    connuction    wiUi    the    new 

seneratjnK  station. 
Bertram  Thomas.— Sub-station  eiiuipment. 
S.Talbot  &  Sons.— Two  chimney  stacks. 
B.I.  A  Helsby  Cables,  IM. — Wires  and  cables. 
I'.  4  J.  Webster.— Casings. 

Bradford. — The  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  has 
accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Ferranti,  Ltd.,  to  supply  k.u.t. 
switchpear  required  for  the  transformer  chamber  at  Montserrat 
Mills,  for  a:  21,').  The  Committee  has  authorised  an  alteration  in 
the  supply  in  the  Manchester  Road  district,  south  of  Bowlinp  Old 
Lane,  from  direct  current  to  alternating:  current,  involving  the 
provision  of  new  cables,  relaying:  of  single-core  cables,  &c.,  at  a 
cost  of  £4,50. 
The  following  tenders  have  also  been  accepted  ; — 

Bertram  Thomas.— Three-phase  A. c.  and  i>.i .  switchgear  retiuired  for  new 

sub-stations  at  Thornbury  and  Odsal,  £2,075. 
Underfeed  Stoker  Co.,  Ltd.— Two  Underfeed  stokers  tor  boilers  at  Valley 

Road  Works,  j67£S. 
Babcock  &  Wilcox,  Ltd.— Two  chain-grate  stokers  for  boilers,  £800. 
Taylor  Bros.,  Ltd.— 50  nickel-chrome-steel  tramcar  axles,  £i  5s.  9d.  each. 

Bridliof^on. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  placed  an 
order  with  the  Brimsdown  Lamp  Works,  Ltd.,  for  lamps  for  a  year, 
at  prices  quoted. 

Bristol, — The  Electrical  Committee  reported  to  the 
Council,  on  Tuesday,  that  it  had  entered  into  the  'following  con- 
tracts for  1913-14:— 

W.  Lucy  4  Co.,  Lta.,  fuse  boxes                   £1M 

Sykes  &  Sugden,  Ltd.,  joint  and  junction  boxes  ..  480 

Oliver  Arc  Lamp,  Ltd.,  yellow  flame  arc  lamp  carbons. .  801 

Sloan  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  open-type  arc  lamp  carbons. .  371 

Ferranti,  Ltd.,  D.c.  meters       3€8 

British  Westinghouse  Co.,  Ltd.,  a.c.  meters        . .        . .  1,069 

BrightOD.— The     T.C.    has     acceptoJ     tlie     following 

tenders  : — 

a  chardsons,  iWestgarth  A  Co.,  Ltd.,  turbine  (3.000  E.r.u.)  coupled  to  a 
Siemens  3,000-kw.  alternator,  complete  with  water;  spray  filter,  air 
pump,  and  augmentor  condenser  with  200  sq.  ft.  cf  cooling  surface, 
-1-7,291. 

Greenwood  &  Batley,  Ltd.,  for  a  De  Laval  motor-driven  turbine  pump, 
with  switchgear,  at  i276. 

Broadstairs  and  St.  Peter's.— The  U.D.C.  has  referred 

the  following  tenders  for  the  installation  of  electric   fire  alatms 
to  a  Committee  for  consideration  : — 

Stuart  &  Moore.— Without  telephones,  £190  lOs.,  and  £12  per  annum  for 
maintenance;  with  complete  telephone  apparatuse  £218,eand  main- 
tenance £1-1  a  year. 

Siemens  Bros.— £139,  exclusive  of  fixing  and  wiring. 

Walter  Electrical  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.— £228  complete. 

Mr,  G.  Longfleld.— £158,  exclusive  of  wiring  ar.d  maintenance. 

Buenos  lyres. — Two  engines  of  240  b.h.p.  each  for 
the  Provincial  Electric  Lighting  Co.,  of  Buenos  Ayres,  have  been 
ordered  from  Messrs.  Hick-Diesel[Oil| Engines,  Ltd. 

I'hina, — The  Indian  and  Eastern  Engineer  states  that 
there  has  recently  been  formed  in  the  little  city  of  Fatshan,  near 
Canton,  a  company  to  undertake  the  supply  of  electric  lighting  and 
power.  A  British  firm,  the  General  Electric  Co.  of  China,  Ltd.,  has 
secured  the  principal  contract  in  connection  with  the  installation. 
The  generating  plant  which  the  G.E.  Co.  is  to  supply  will  consist 
of  three  three-phase  high-tension  A.c.  generators  with  an  over- 
load capacity  of  about  200  kw.,  driven  by  crude-oil  Bolinders 
engines.  The  plant,  which  will  go  from  Witton,  will  arrive  in 
July  and  should  be  ready  for  starting  by  the  end  of  the  year. 
"  Much  difficulty  has  been  encountered  in  the  choice  of  a  suitable 
site  for  the  power  station.  Fatshan  lies  very  low,  and  to  avoid 
the  possibility  of  occasional  flooding,  it  has  been  found  necessary  to 
raise  the  ground  on  which  the  building  is  to  be  erected  some  5  ft." 

Coventry. — The  Corporation  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
the  Brush  Electrical  Engineering  Co.  for  five  double-deck  tramcars 
with  four-wheeled  trucks. 

Dewsbury.— The  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee 
has  accepted  the  tender  of  the  Union  Cable  Co.,  of  Dagen  Deck,  for 
1  mile  of  electric  cable. 


Bonca.ster.— The  Kltictricit.y  Comriiittie  ncomiiK ndM  the 
acceptance  of  the  following  tfiidcrH  for  nix  new  ram  The  I'niUd 
Electric  Cur  (.'o.,  r,t<l.,  for  cur  bodic»,  with  top  cov<rii,  at  iiU.B  e«cb. 
The  I'.xjkhttm  Truck  Co,  for  pendulum  truckii,  at  *1»0  e«ch,  ftod 
Dick,  Kerr  .t  Co.,  for  electrical  equipmenfh,  at  £'Jf?l  each. 

Ihlliinlield.  .Mchhph.  C.  Iknyon  .V  (Jo..u  l(x;ai  firm,  have 
rtc(  ivrd  the  contract  for  inntalllng  electric  light  at  the  Primitive 
Methodist  .New  Sunday  .Schor)!,  Foundry  Street. 

Et'clef. — The  Electricity  Supply  Committee  boH  acceptcfl 
the  lender  of  MenHrn  F.  Danks.  Ltd  ,  Oldbury,  for  »  Lftncanhire 
boiler  for  the  electricity  works  for  the  sum  of  £410. 

(ierniany.— .Mts-srs.  .\agel  &  Kamp,  of  Hamburg,  have 
secured  a  contract  from  the  Finance  Deputation,  of  Hamburg,  for 
the  supply  and  erection  of  four  electric  cranes,  at  a  cost  of  >;4.015. 

G]a8|2:o\«. — The  Clyde  Navigation  Trustees  have  agreed 
to  accept  the  following  tenders  for  the  material  required  for  th« 
erection  of  10  electric  capstans  at  Renfr<-w  : — 

.Motors.- Laurence  Scott  4  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  f.'teo. 

Iron  castings.- Fullerton,  Hodgart  4  Barclay,  Ltd.,  at  Jta08. 

Steel  castings.— Carntyne  Steel  Castings  Co  ,  at  £110. 

Controllers  and  resistances.— British  Westinghouse  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  £202. 

Holland.— .Messrs.  Ca«sirer  iV  Co.,  of  Charlottenburg, 
Germany,  have  secured  a  contract  from  the  Provincial  Administration 
authorities  at  Groningen  for  the  supply  of  <;8i  miles  of  electric 
cables,  for  the  round  sum  of  £24,000. 

keJghley. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the 

tender  of  Messrs.  Hird  Bros.  &  Co.,  at  1 139,  for  work  in  constrncting 
a  concrete  foundation  for  a  new  2,000- kw.  tnibo-altemator. 

Liverpool.— The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  following  tenders 
for  supplies  to  the  Electricity  and  Tramway  Departments  : — 
British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.— Two  6,000-Kw.  turloaltemators. 
.foshua  Hcnshaw  &  Sons.— Alterations  at  the  Lister  Drive  electric  power 

station. 
Pearson   Muggins  &  Co.,  Ltd.— l.fOO  pairs  of  drivers'  and  conductors'  winter 

trouseis. 
Biitith  Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.— Three  eets  cl 

rotary  converters  and  accessories. 

London.  —  I-.C.C.  —  The  following  were  the  tenders 
received  during  the  election  interval  and  the  Easter  recess  for  the 
electric  lighting  of  the  Avery  Hill  Training  College  Hostels  :— 

H.  J.  Cash  &  Co.,  Ltd (accepted)  £1,189 

Pinching  &  Walton 1,199 

Tredegar  &  Co 1,209 

Williams  &  Bach 1240 

G.  E.  Tavlor  &  Co 1,866 

W.  C.  Tackley  &  Co.,  Ltd 1,425 

G.  Weston  4  Sons,  Ltd 1,463 

Malcolm  &  Allen,  Ltd 1,617 

(Architect's  estimate,  £1,068.) 

The  Fire  Brigade  Committee  is  accepting  the  tender  of  th« 
"Cedes"  Electric  Traction,  Ltd.,  for  a  petrol-electric  motor  chassis 
required  for  converting  a  horsed  turntable  long  ladder  into  a  petrol- 
electric  motor  appliance,  at  £850.  The  company  will  sub-let  the 
motor  engine  to  the  Aster  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  following  tenders  were  received  by  the  Highways  Committee 
for  two  8,000-KW.  turbo-generators  and  auxiliaries,  required  for  the 
Greenwich  generating^  station  : — 

Amount 
Name.  Maker  of  generator.        of  tender. 

Escher,  Wyss  &  Co.,  Zurich      ..        ..    Siemens        £48,013 

British    Westinghouse    Electric,    ic, 

Co.,  Ltd.  Brit-sh  Westinghouse,  Ac,  Co.    50,682 

Willars  4  Robinson,  Ltd.  and  Red.    ..     Siemens       50,560 

Richardscns,  Westgarth  4  Co.,  Ltd. . .     Brown,  Boveri       61,610 

Eraser  &  Chalmers,  Ltd.,  Erith  ..     Brown,  Boveri       ..        ..        ..    63,989 

Willans  4  Ucbinson,  Lid.  and  Red.  ..     General  Electric  ..        ..        ..    58,710 

Willans  &  Robinson,  Ltd.  and  Red.   ..    Dick,  Kerr 68,730 

Eraser  4  Chalmers,  Ltd.  ..        ..     Siemens       64.889 

Richardsons,  Westgarth  4  Co.,  Ltd.  ..     Siemens       54,861 

Jas.  Howden  4  Co.,  Ltd.  ..        ..     Siemens       55,343 

Richardsons,  Westgarth  &  Co.,  Ltd.  . .     General  Electric C8,S59 

Eraser  &  Chalmers.  Ltd General  Electric e8.£89 

Brush  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.    Brush  60^500 

C.  A.  Parsons  4  Co C.  A.  Parsons        64,839 

British  Thomson-Houston  Co,,  Ltd.  ..     British  Thomson-Houston       ..    70.334 
Belliss  4  Morcom,  Ltd Siemens       70,770 

The  Committee  reports  upon  these  offers  as  follows: — "The 
above  prices  are  subject  to  an  increase  or  decrease  resulting  from  a 
bonus  or  penalty  on  steam  consumption,  such  bonus  or  penalty 
being  at  the  rate  of  .-toOO  per  tenth  of  a  pound  of  steam  less  or 
more  than  12'75  lb.  per  KW.-hour  at  full  load.  The  estimate  of  the 
chief  officer  of  tramways  was  £G2.J00.  Having  regard  to  the  very 
great  importance  of  obtaining  the  best  possible  type  of  plant  for 
the  generating  station,  the  chief  oflScer  of  tramways  consulted  an 
expert  as  to  which  of  the  tenders  would  be  most  satisfactory  from 
the  Council's  point  of  view.  Sir  Alexander  Kennedy  was  asked  to 
advise  on  the  matter,  and  he  has  carefully  examined  each  of  the 
tenders  received.  As  the  result.  Sir  Alexander  Kennedy,  after 
discussing  the  matter  with  the  chief  officer  of  tramways,  has 
advised  that  the  second  lowest  tender,  that  of  the  British 
Westinghouse  Co.,  amounting  to  £50,532,  should  be  accepted. 
One  of  the  most  important  considerations  involved  in 
coming  to  a  decision  as  to  the  tender  to  be  accepted  is  that 
of  steam  economy,  and  the  figure  submitted  by  the  Britisrh 
WestinghouEe  Co.  is  12'44  lb.  of  steam  per  KW.-hour  at  full 
load,  which,  we  are  advised,  is  satisfactory.  The  corresponding 
figure  offered  by  Messrs.  Escher,  Wyss  &  Co.  is  12  S2  lb.  per  kw.- 
hour,  subject  to  an  allowance  of  3  per  cent,  either  more  or  less. 
On  the  assumption  that  both  seta  of  figures  were  obtained  in  actual 
operation,  the  extra  steam  required  by  the  two  Escher.  Wyss  tur- 
bines would  represent  an  additional  expenditure  for  coal  of  about 
£1,500  a  year  at  present  prices.     We  accordingly  propose  that  the 


764 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,850,  May  9,  1913. 


tender  of  the  Britiflh  Westingbouse  Co.  Bhonld  be  accepted.  An 
additional  provisional  sum  of  £4,000  for  transformers  will  be 
included  in  the  contract.  The  company  stipulates  that  certain 
modifications  shall  be  made  in  the  clause  usually  inserted  in  the 
Council's  contracts  as  rcj^^ards  the  submission  to  arbitration  of  any 
disputes  arising-  thereunder.  We  are  of  opinion  that  the  clause,  as 
amended,  is  substantially  in  agreement  with  the  standard  clause  in 
the  Council's  usual  form  of  contract." 

It  is  proposed  that  the  tenders  for  additional  water  condensini; 
pi|)e8,  \c.,  be  opened  during:  the  Whitsuatide  recess,  and  that  the 
chairman  or  vice-chairman  have  authority  to  accept  the  lowest 
satisfactory  one. 

The  tender  of  Messrs.  A.  Ransome  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  pedestal  type 
rounding  machine  for  the  third  section  of  the  central  car  repair 
depot,  at  £6(>,  is  recommended  for  acceptance. 

Watek  Boakd.— The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  by 
the  Metropolitan  Water  Board  :  — 

General  Klectric  Co.,  Lid.— Various  electric  fittings  foi  Hampton  Station, 
i'41 ;  ditto,  (or  Surbiton  Station,  £44  ;  one  power  panel  and  attings,  £3S. 
Simplex  Conluits,  Ltd.— Tube  ends,  swilchboxes,  lampholders,  &c. 

Mabyleiiose. — The  tender  of  Messrs.  Parsons  has  been  accepted 
by  the  B.C.,  at  £2S0,  for  a  new  spindle  for  a  turbine  at  the 
generating  station.  The  tender  of  Messrs.  Blackmore  4:  Co.  has 
also  been  accepted  for  the  supply  to  the  Electricity  Department  of 
1 20  tons  of  Baddesley  beans  at  1 5s.  11  d.  per  ton. 

Asylums  Boakd.  —  The  Metropolitan  Asylums  Board  has 
acjepted  the  tender  of  Mr.  H.  J.  Godfrey,  at  £322  IOj.,  for  wiring 
certain  portions  of  the  Grove  Hospital. 

H.\MMERs.MiTH.— The  Electricity  Committee  proposes  to  enter 
into  a  contract  with  the  Main  Colliery  Co.,  of  Neath,  for  free 
burning  coal,  similar  to  that  supplied  under  the  existing  contract, 
for  one  year,  at  17s.  ild.  per  ton.    This  is  lOd.  per  ton  advance. 

Shobeditch.— The  Lighting  Committee  report  that  during  the 
annual  overhaul  of  engines  at  Whiston  Street,  while  No.  2  Wallsend 
engine  was  dismantled  they  received  an  offer  from  Messrs.  Allen 
and  Simmonds,  Ltd.,  of  Reading,  to  bore  out  the  valve  chambers  and 
provide  a  full  set  of  eight  valves  for  f  2;t'.t,  also  making  and  fitting 
a  2l}in.  diameter  self-contained  Bull  piston  ring,  fitted  with 
Allen  "patent"  frictionless  rings  and  springs  complete  for  h.p. 
cylinder,  and  &  .">3i-in.  ditto  for  l.p.  cylinder,  also  boring  out  l.p. 
cylinder  of  above  engine,  for  £15(i.  Messrs.  Allen  &  Simmonds, 
Ltd.,  guaranteed  to  reduce  the  steam  consumption  to  19J  lb.,  which 
was  equal  to  an  eflBciency  of  nearly  10  per  cent,  better  than  when 
the  engine  was  new,  and  the  improvements  effected  will  be  sufficient 
to  return  the  whole  cost  within  a  few  months.  The  Committee, 
therefore,  ordered  the  work  to  be  put  in  hand. 

G.P.O.— The  G.P.O.  contract  with  the  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd., 
for  the  supply  of  Osram  lamps  has  been  extended  for  a  further 
period  of  six  months. 

Lewisham. — The  B.  of  G.  on  Monday  again  considered  the 
tenders  for  the  electric  installation  at  the  workhouse.  The  Works 
Committee  reported  that  a  letter  was  written  to  Messrs.  Tredegar 
inquiring  if  they  were  willing  to  execute  the  work  for  £008,  the 
amount  quoted  in  their  tender.  In  reply,  Jlessrs.  Tredegar  referred 
to  the  Guardians'  proposal  to  accept  their  tender  for  part  of  the 
work  only,  but  their  estimate  was  baaed  on  the  assumption  that 
they  should  receive  the  order  for  both  the  infirmary  and 
the  workhouse.  If,  as  they  understood,  the  Guardians  proposed  to 
accept  only  one  part  of  the  estimate,  viz.;  the  workhouse,  they 
would  require  an  increase  of  n  per  cent,  on  the  price  originally 
quoted  to  cover  the  increased  cost  of  supervision  and  establishment 
charges.  This  would  make  their  tender  £701.  The  Works' Com- 
mittee reported  that  they  were  of  opinion  that  as  Messrs.  Tredegar 
were  not  willing  to  adhere  to  their  original  tender,  and  now  increased 
their  price  after  publication  of  the  amounts  of  the  tenders  sub- 
mitted to  the  board,  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Haycraft  &  Son,  Ltd., 
Brockley,  be  accepted  for  £759.  Mr.  W.  Ross  subnytted  that  the 
board  ought  to  accept  the  lowest  price,  that  of  Messrs.  Tredegar. 
Mr.  A.  0.  Weeks  pointed  out  that  if  the  tenders  for  the  two  institu- 
tions were  added  together  Messrs.  Tredegar  were  not  the  lowest. 
Mr.  H.  M.  Clemow  inquired  why  they  should  spend  £.")9  of  the 
ratepayers'  money  in  this  way.  A  proposal  to  accept  Messrs. 
Tredegar's  revised  tender  was  defeated,  and  the  board,  by  18  votes 
to  9,  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Haycraft. 

Fci.HAM.— The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  offer  of  Messrs.  Phillips 
and  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  supply  of  1,450  tons  of  Kirkby  nutty  black 
steam  coal,  at  13b.  per  ton. 

Lejton. — The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  at  £780,  for  the  supply 
of  a  spare  lighting  armature,  and  at  £795  for  a  spare  traction 
generator  armature.  The  tender  of  the  General  Cable  Manufac- 
turing Co.  has  also  been  accepted,  at  £456,  for  one  mile  of  "2  sq.  in., 
half-mile  of  '025  sq.  in.,  and  half-mile  of  0125  sq.  in.  cable.  Other 
tenders  were  received  from  the  following  : — 


Union  Cable  Co.,  Ltd 

B.  B.  Todd 

Electrical  Engineering  and  Equipment  Co. 

Standard  Cable  Co.,  Ltd 

Pirelli,  Ltd.  

Johnson  &  Phillips,  Ltd 

General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 

B.I.  and  Hclsby 

BiemenH  liros.  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Glover  &  Co.,  Ltd 

Callcnder's  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. 

■W.  T.  Hcnlej'B  Telegraph  Works  Co. 


451 
467 
477 
4U8 


Laton. — The  tender  of  Mr.  A.  J.  Titkin,  Luton,  has 
been  accepted  for  the  electric  light  installation  at  new  club 
premises  b«ing  erected  in  Dunstable  Road. 


Peterborougli.— The  T.C.  lias  accepted  a  tender  by 
\\.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  cable  for  Westeate. 
at  £507.  ^ 

River  Plate.— The  Minister  of  Public  Works  ha.s 
accepted  the  tender  of  the  Sociedad  Gasmotoren  Fabrik  Deutz  for 
the  electric  light  installation  in  the  Reformatorv  at  Marcos  Paz,  at 
?19,702. 

Messrs.  Siemens  Bros,  have  obtained  the  c  ntract  for  all  the 
switcbgear  at  the  power  house  that  the  Western  Railway  Co.  are 
building  in  Dock  Sud  in  connection  with  the  electrification  of  their 
suburban  liaea.—Itfiicw  of  the  Jliier  I'late. 

Salfunl. — The  following  tendeis  have  been  accepted  by 
the  T.C. : — 

British  Westioghouse  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— Eilrabigh-tenBion  thrci-phase 

swi'ol.gear  with  contiol  board,  £l,7ti5. 
Genera'  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.— Two  Aron  nieteis. 
Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.-  Two  induction  meters. 
British  Electric  TranbfoiTner  Co  ,  Ltd  — Thiee  compcntator  transformtrs. 

The  following  tenders  have  also  been  accepted  for  annual 
supplits  to  the  Electricity  Department : — 

\V.  T.  Glover  &  Co..  Lid  — L-K.  cables,  ;£lf.O;  multiple  core  cables,  £800. 
Wm.  Gcipel  &  Co.,  Ltd.— India-rubber  cables,  £iO0;  twin  II  :xible  cable  and 

plain  white  tape. 
John  Bassett.'— Tin  and  h  ad,  £150. 
Albion  Clay  Co.,  Ltd.— Slonewa-e  conduits  and  pipes,  cable  protectors, 

«c.,  £70. 
\V.  H.  K-  ys,  Ltd.— Bitumen,  £240. 

W.  T.  Heuley's  Telegaph  Work*  Co..  Lid —Rubber  strip,  £72. 
Bell's  United  Asbestos  (Northern  Agency).- Asbestos  packing,  milibcard, 

&.C.,  £iO. 
Grove  Asbestos  Works  Co.,  Ltd.—  Rubber  insertion,  &c. 
L.  Andrew  &  Co.— Flake  graphite,  mica,  rubber  gloves,  rubber  caps,  £24. 
T.  l^art.— Cotton  driving  rope,  £46. 
J.  Coiikscn,  Ltd  — Taned  twi.  c. 
Bell  Bros.- Crank  chamber  oil,  £393. 

M.  Wells  &  Co.— Turbine  oil  and  charcoal  refined  cylinder  oil,  £110. 
Stern  Sonneborn  Oil  Co.,  Ltd.— Black  oil,  £.;0. 
Baxenflale  A  Co.— Wroughtiron  tubes  and  fittings,  £C0 
P.  A.  Ellis.— Fire  bricks.  Are  clay  Ac,  £'22;  cement,  £52. 
North  Briti-h  Rubber  Co.,  Ltd  —Rubber  overshoe;. 
Lancaster  &  Tonge.— Brass,  &c.,  fluings. 
Brunner.  Mnnd  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Soda  ash,  £44. 
Hall  &.  Pickles.— Iron  and  steel  bars,  plates,  &c.,  £16. 
W.  Higgins  &  S  n.— Chamber  bricks,  £5. 

Sbeffieli). — The  Corporation  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
the  Brush  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  for  25  double-deck  tramcars 
with  top  covers  and  four-wheeled  trucks. 

Swindon.— The  "Wilts.  C.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Lott  &  Son  for  installing  the  electric  light  ^t  the  police 
buildings  at  Swindon,  at  £149. 

AVinebe.ster. — The  City  Council  has  accepted  a  tender 
by  Messrs.  A.  Reyrolle  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  new  switchboard  for  the 
eleotricitv  works,  for  £824. 


rORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


Boyal  Institution.— Saturday,  May  lOlh.    At  3  p  m.    Lecture  on  "Humphrey 
Internal-ombustion  Pampj,"  by  Mr.  H.  A.  Humphrey.    (Lecture  I.) 

Saturday,  May  17th.    At  a  p.m.     Lecture  on  "Humphrey  Internal 
combustion  Pumps, "  by  .Mr.  H.  A.  Humphrey.    (Lecture  II.) 

Institution   of   Electrical    Engineers   (Yorkshire   Section).— Wednesday, 

May  nth.     Meeting  at  7  p  ni.     Ai  the  Lniversity,  Leeds. 

Association  of   Electrical   Station   Engineers  (Manchester  Section).— 

Thursday,  May  I5ih.  At  7  pm.  At  the  Crown  Hotel,  Manchester.  Paper 
on  "Ihe  Status  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers  and  the  Need  of  an 
Association,"  by  Mr.  J.  \V.  Thcmas. 

Salford  Technical  and  Engineering   Association.— Thursday,  May  I£th. 

Whit-week  tour  in  Wales. 
Physical  Society.— Friday,  May  IBih.     At  S  p.m.     At  the  Imperial  College 

of   Science,  booth   Kentington,  S  W.     Paper  on  "Seme   Experments  to 

Detect  ,Jraya  from  Radium  A, '  by  Drs.  W.  Makowcr  and  8.  Russ. 
Junior  Institution  of  Engineers.— Friday,  May  16tb.    At  Sa,  Victoria  street, 

B.W.    Discussion  on  "Electrical  Propulsion  of  Ships,"  introduced  by  Mr 

W.  P.  Durtnall. 


Tbe  B.i.  MeetiDg.— Sir  Oliver  Lodge,  the  president  of 
this  year's  meeting  at  Birmingham,  will  deliver  his  address  on  the 
evening  of  Wednesday,  September  loth,  in  the  Central  Hall,  Cor- 
poration Street.  One  of  the  evening  discourses  will  be  delivered 
on  Friday,  September  12lh,  by  Sir  H.  II.  Cunynghame,  on 
'Explosions  in  Mines  and  the  Means  of  Preventing  Them."  The 
Town  Hall  will  be  the  Reception  Room,  and  the  various  section 
rooms  will  be  in  the  surrounding  buOdings.  On  the  Saturday 
there  will  be  many  excursions,  places  to  be  visited  including 
Stratford-upon-Avon,  Warwick  Castle,  Stoneleigh  Abbey,  Kenil- 
worth  Castle,  Bromsgrove,  llartlebury  Castle,  Tewkesbury, 
Worcester,  the  Forest  of  Arden,  Malvern,  A:c.  The  honorary 
secretaries  (the  Council  House,  Birmingham)  will  issue  a  list  of 
hotels  and  lodgings  in  due  course. 

Newcastle  proposed  to  invite  the  Association  to  meet  there 
in  191G. 


i 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,8r,o,  May  ;»,  1!M;». 


YilE    K.r.KO'/RICAL    HKVIKW 


7Hr, 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION) 


OommandlnK  Onioor— Lixot,-Col.  H.  M,  Lkat, 
The  followinBr  orJera  have  boea  isBued  for  the  cnrront  week  : — 

Monday,  May  latli. -lleiulciuailorR  will  bo  cIonihI. 
TuesiUy,  May  llUh.— Hoftdnnartors  will  be  clOBod. 

WodnoHdiiy,  May  llth,— All  Oorapnnioa.  Annual  course  of  muakotry  at 
Puifloi't  rillo  raiiKOH.  Railway  tickets  will  bo  Bcnt  to  tboxo  notltyinK 
hoad(|uartor8  of  their  intention  to  attend.         _ 

Thursday,  May  IMh.— "0"  Company.  Infantry  drill,  7  to  9  p.m. ;  technloal 
instriiotion  for  all  mcmbcr.H  on  tho  ti'li  rate,  and  for  all  candidatOH 
for  h'Klier  ratint;,  7  to  '.)  p.m. ;  musketry  instruction,  9  to  10  p.m. 

Friday,  May  16th.—"  I)"  Company.    Ditto. 

Saturday,  May  17th.  Annual  musketry  as  for  Wcilnesday,  May  Htb. 
Headquarters  will  be  opened  for  regimental  buiiness  from  10  a.m. 
till  12  noon. 

(Signed)        P.  H.  C.oii-hkli,,  C'apt.  R.K.,  and  Adjt. 

For  Officer  commanding  L.B.B. 


NOTES. 


Wanted  —  Six    Hundred    Pounds,— Our  readers  are 

already  aware  that  at  the  annual  festival  dinner  Mr.  E.  G.  Byng 
offered  to  g-ive  JtlOO  to  the  funds  of  the  Electrical  Trades  Benevo- 
ient  Institution  if  nine  other  firms  or  gentlemen  would  do  the  same 
within  three  months  from  April  16th.  The  £100  which  Mr.  Sutton 
had  already  given  was  to  be  counted  as  one  of  the  nine  :  Mr.  H. 
Hirst,  through  Mr.  Sutton,  promised  a  like  amount  ;  and  Mr. 
Garcke's  promise  brings  the  total  up  to  £400  out  of  the  required 
£1,000. 

It  has  been  thought  that  some  of  our  generously  disposed  readers 
would  be  willing  to  follow  the  splendid  example  set  by  these 
gentlemen  and  ensure  that  the  conditional  offers  are  fulfilled  by 
making  or  influencing  six  other  offers.  We  hope  that  in  later 
issues  it  will  be  possible  for  us  to  fill  names  into  the  six  spaces  now 
standing  vacant  below  : — 


1 

Mr.  E.  G.  Byng            

£100 

2 

Mr.  G.  Sutton 

£100 

3 

Mr.  H.  Hirst     

£100 

4 

Mr.  E.  Garcke 

£100 

6 

* 

n 

* 

7 

* 

S 

* 

9 

* 

10 

■■'         j 

Electricity    from    the    Air. — A    Manchester   paper 

announces  that  Councillor  J.  W.  Cook,  who  has  just  returned  from 
a  tour  in  America,  has  acquired  some  of  the  patent  rights  in  a 
marvellous  invention,  which  he  came  across  in  the  course  of  his 
travels.  The  inventor  collects  electricity  from  the  air,  after  the 
style  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  but  with  an  apparatus  which  is 
obviously  a  vast  improvement  on  the  primitive  kite,  for  it  consists 
of  the  following  parts  : — ■ 

"  The  electrical  absorbers  or  accumulators,  which  are  composed 
of  zinc  plates  and  magnetised  steel,  or  may  be  composed  of 
peculiarly  treated  and  magnetised  steel  only  ;  the  compound- 
rectifying  exciter  transformers  ;  the  automatic  governor,  circuit 
breaker,  or  lightning  arrester  ;  and  the  tower.  The  switchboard 
ammeter,  voltmeter,  switch  and  insulations  complete  the  list  of 
parts. 

"  The  wiring  of  the  machine  is  not  unlike  that  of  any  electrical 
machine  except  that  no  copper  wire  is  used  until  the  point  is 
reached  where  the  electric  energy  is  ready  to  be  delivered  for  use. 
The  compound-rectifying  exciter  transformers  perform  the 
function  of  preparing  the  ambient  elemental  electric  forces,  after 
being  gathered  by  the  accumulator  for  use.  These  compound- 
rectifying  exciter  transformers  are  susceptible  of  being  adapted  to 
the  varying  requirements  found  to  exist  under  various  climatic 
conditions,  so  as  to  increase  the  voltage  and  lower  the  amperage, 
or  increase  the  amperage  and  lower  the  voltage  as  desired. 
The  real  secret  and  technical  points  of  this  part  of  the 
invention,  as  well  as  the  accumulators,  will  be  given  to  the  world 
at  large  as  soon  as  the  last  applications  for  foreign  patents  have 
been  accepted." 

It  is  clear  that  we  have  here  a  discovery  of  fundamental  import- 
ance, destined  to  revolutionise  the  electrical  industry.  That  theory 
has  not  been  neglected  is  evident  from  the  following  statement  : — 
"  The  success  of  this  invention,  like  that  of  all  dynamos,  depends 
upon  the  natural  law  that  electricity  produces  magnetism,  and 
magnetism  produces  electricity.  The  inventor,  however,  claims  to 
have  made  a  new  application  of  this  natural  law,  which  will  com- 
pletely revolutionise  electric  science  and  necessitate  a  re-writing  of 
electrical  text-books." 

It  is  quite  usual  for  inventors  of  revolutionary  devices  to  upset 
the  text-books  :  epoch-making  discoveries  of  this  kind  are  almost 
necessarily  contrary  to  the  laws  assumed  by  ordinary  scientists  to 


U)  univurHiilly  trui',  auch  oh  Kriivitatiori  arnJ  thf;  'XjnwTvation  of 
nncrify,  butcunHiderationH  Much  on  thin  i-unnot  b<;ullowi;')  to  hamper 
pro(frcKM. 

"Tho  inventor  aiithoriHen  a  Htati-miint  that  hi«  iiiachini;  pro<lu<::«i 
a  coiitinuouH  direct,  current,  and  in  prot<!(;t«!<l  ajfniriKt  unrplnx 
charirnH  Huch  a«  lightnintr,  by  ii  circuit-breaker  or  li((ht[iio((  ttrreat<!r 
which  safely  doliverw  MurpliiH  ohargcH  of  electricity  to  the  earth  ; 
that  he  has  proved  that  ele<;tricity  and  liifhtnintr  are  one  and  the 
Haiiic  thing,  aH  Ixilieved  to  l>e  the  cant;  by  Hcnjariiin  Kranklin  ;  that 
lightning  haH  been  tamed  and  mode  to  Hcrve  man." 

Franklm  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  vindication  of  hiii  pet 
theory,  which  at  leant  Hurvives  the  wreck  of  the  text-book»  ;  and 
we  pay  reHpectful  homage  to  Coun'-illor  Cook,  our  coming  mnlti- 
millionaire,  who  will  in  the  future  control  the  hhaftn  of  Japiter 
Tonans  and  create  a  corner  in  dome«ticated  liKbtnini;. 

Point  Five  Publicity. — The  !ii<om|.anyiiiK  illustration 
shows  the  poster  which  has  been  got  out  by  the  '  Point  Kive«, "  aa 
mentioned  in  our  last  issue,  in  the  absence  of  a  snitable  deeigTi  from 


what  they  call  the  "moribund"  Electric  Publicity  Committee- 
Simplicity  is  the  key-note  of  the  design,  which  clearly  implies  that 
the  lady  of  the  house  is  doing  the  cooking  herself. 

Concert. — The  annual  prize  distribution  of  the  Devon 
(Fortress)  R.E.  Electric  Light  Companies  was  held  in  connection 
with  a  smoking  concert  at  Mutley  Barracks.  Plymouth.  Colour- 
Sergeant-Major  Pearks  presided,  and  was  supported  by  the  com- 
manding officer  (Major  W.  E.  P.  Bastard)  and  other  officers.  ''The 
Officer  Commanding  and  Officers "  was  given  by  Sergeant 
Rowe.  Major  Bastard,  replying,  remarked  that  they  had  heard  so 
much  about  the  Territorial  Force  recently,  that  some  of  them  had 
begun  to  wonder  where  they  were,  and  if  they  were  anywhere  at 
all.  There  had,  however,  been  a  lot  of  exaggerated  statements 
made,  and  he  doubted  whether  the  force  was  in  such  a  parlous 
state  as  some  would  have  them  believe.  They  were  up  to  strength, 
if  not  over,  in  the  Works  Companies,  which  did  not  accept  any  but 
exceptional  men  and  those  particularly  wanted.  He  wished  the 
Electric  Light  Companies  were  up  to  strength.  They  had  had  a 
nasty  knock  in  not  being  able  to  take  men  from  the  dockyard.  A 
delightful  musical  programme  was  enjoyed. 

told  Light.— Some  time  ago  we  commented  on  an 
invention  of  Prof.  C.  F.  Dussaud.  which  was  shown  before  the 
French  Academy  of  Science,  under  the  ncgis  of  Prof.  Branly.  Last 
week  the  working  of  the  system,  which  is  called  "Cold  Light,  " 
was  demonstrated  at  the  offices  of  Messrs.  Louis  Schloss  i  Co., 
London,  in  its  application  to  cinematographs,  projection  lanterns, 
lighthouses,  and  other  lighting  uses.  The  fundamental  idea  is 
/r.vY  ;  the  inventor  claims  that  by  running  metallic-filament  lamps 
at  an  excessive  voltage,  say.  100  per  cent,  above  normal,  for  very 
short  intervals  he  is  able  to  secure  an  extremely  high  efficiency, 
and  a  powerful  light  from  a  small  lamp,  without  causing  the  bulb 
to  grow  hot  and  without  destroying  the  filament.  This  is  effected 
either  by  interrupting  the  current  flowing  to  a  single  lamp  or 
group  of  stationary  lamps,  or  by  fixing  several  lamps  on  a  revolving 
disk  with  a  contact-maker  which  causes  each  lamp  to  light  in 
succession  whilst  passing  a  fixed  point.  In  the  latt«r  case,  the 
lamps  appeared  as  a  ring  of  liirht,  thus  proving  that  the  filaments 
had  not  time  to  grow  cold  between-times.  In  the  case  of  the 
cinematograph,  a  single  lamp  is  used,  which  is  alternately  lighted 
and  extinguished,  and  the  film  is  moved  during  the  extinction,  so 
that  the  revolving  shutter  ordinarily  used  to  cut  off  the 
light  of  the  arc  lamp  while  the  film  is  moved  is  dispensed  with. 

In  the  case  of  the  projection  lantern,  three  lamps  are  mounted  on 
a  revolving  frame  :  one  lamp  is  lighted  for  the  exposure  of  a  view, 
and  may  remain  alight,  we  were  told,  for  as  much  as  1  or  2  min.  On 
changing  the  view,  the  operator  also  changes  the  lamp  by  rotatinjt 


766 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE\TEW. 


[VoL  72.     No.  1,850,  Mat  9,  191.^. 


the  frame,  and  thus  each  lamp  will  bum  (at  excess  \:olta^e)  for  one 
minute  out  of  three,  or  two  out  of  six. 

The  life  of  a  lamp  thus  used  is  said  to  be  about  four  hours  in  the 
ag-grefrate.  which,  of  course,  corresponds  to  a  continuous  display  of 
pictures  lasting  U'  hours.  A  lamp  taking:  25  watts  ncder  these 
conditions  was  shown  to  be  as  effective  as  an  arc  lamp  taking: 
1 0  amperes  at  1 00  volts,  of  which  perhaps  500  watts  was  expended  in 
the  arc. 

WTien  the  system  is  used  for  ligrhthonse?.  with  revolving  beams,. a 
large  lamp  is  used,  with  a  revolving  screen,  and  during  part  of  the 
revolution  the  lamp  is  extinguished,  giving  the  bulb  a  chance  to 
cool.  It  is  claimed  that,  thanks  to  the  coolness  of  the  source  of 
light,  small  lenses  can  be  used  close  to  the  lamp,  thus  effecting 
a  very  great  ecanomy  in  cost.  A  lamp  intermittently  lighted  about 
.10  times  a  second,  while  fed  with  current  at  100  per  cent,  above 
normal  volUige,  and  fixed  in  a  fuitable  reflector,  gives  a  splendid 
light.  We  understand  that  the  system  is  being  adopted  by 
numerous  theatres  and  restaurants  in  France,  and  by  the  French 
Government. 

The  demonstration  was  mainly  qualitative,  and  not  quantitative, 
and  we  are  not  in  a  position  to  give  reliable  data  as  to  the- effici- 
encies, temperatures,  kc.  We  formed  the  opinion,  however,  that 
the  essence  of  the  matter  was  the  use  of  an  excessive  voltage,  and 
that  interruption  of  the  current  was  of  little  consequence.  Lamps 
thus  over-run  can  be  kept  cool  in  various  ways.  Of  course,  the 
efficiency  of  any  incandescent  lamp  when  heavily  over-run  is 
extremely  high,  and  while  the  life  under  snch  conditions  must 
necessarily  be  brief,  there  is  certainly  a  valuable  lesson  to  be  derived 
from  these  experiments.  It  is  this :  It  may  be  a  highly 
economical  plan  to  nse  metallic- filament  lamps  for  cinematographs, 
projection  lanterns,  searchlights,  photographic  projectors,  and 
all  such  purposes  for  which  long-continued  illumination  is  not 
necessary  ;  to  run  them  at  an  excessive  voltage  and  corresponding 
candle-power,  and  replace  them  when  burnt  out — instead  of  using 
arc  lamps. 

The  fact  that  an  intermittency  so  high  as  50  per  second  is  used 
in  some  cases,  equal  in  effect  to  an  alternating  current  at  25  cycles 
per  second,  shows  that  the  intermittency  has  no  material 
importance  :  and  this  is  emphasised  by  the  fact  that  sometimes  the 
rate  of  intermittency  is  only  once  in  three  minutes.  Hence  the 
over-voltage  is  the  only  essential  feature  of  the  "  system." 

Electrical  Workers"  Waq:es. — A  letter  Las  been  for- 
warded to  the  Bolton  Electricity  Committee  by  the  secretary  of  the 
Electrical  Trades  Union  making  application  on  behalf  of  members 
in  the  employ  of  the  department  for  an  advance  of  Id.  an  hour  on 
the  present  rate  of  wages.  The  fittings  superintendent  was 
requested  to  obtain  further  information  and  report  to  the  next 
monthly  meeting  of  the  Committee. 

.\ppoiDtment  Vacant. —  Engineering  representative 
for  power  business,  for  the  Sales  Department  of  the  Bristol  Cor- 
poration (£160).    See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  issne. 

Fatalitieii. — Xewcastlk  -  ox  -  Tynk.— An  inquiry  was 
opened  on  :',rd  inst.  at  Newcastle  Royal  Infirmary,  before  Deputy- 
Coroner  R.  E.  B.  Lisle,  into  the  circumstances  attending  the  death 
of  Frederick  Dennis  Hasdell.  32,  an  electrician,  employed  by  the 
Xewcastle-on-Tyne  Electric  Supply  Co.,  who  lodged  at  Whickham, 
and  died  on  2nd  inst.  Mr.  Hasdell  was  in  charge  of  the  Xewcastle 
Co.'s  sub-station  at  Blaydon  Haughs.  and  it  is  understood  that 
he  and  a  man  named  Robert  Winde  were  engaged  in  testinsr  the 
low-tension  switchboard,  when  suddenly  there  was  what  was 
described  as  'an  explosion."  The  place  was  filled  with  smoke, 
and  Mr,  Hasdell  and  Winde  were  both  burned.  The  former,  indeed, 
rushed  out  with  his  clothes  on  fire.  Help  was  speedily  obtained, 
and  the  injured  men  were  attended  by  Dr.  McAleenan.  Mr. 
Hasdell  was  found  to  have  received  extensive  burns  about  the  face 
andbody,  and  he  was  conveyed  by  Dr.  McAleenan  and  a  constable 
to  Newcastle  Infirmary  in  a  motor-car,  but  he  died  within  a  few 
hours.  Winde  was  burned  about  the  arras  and  hands.  Owing  to 
the  accident,  some  of  the  local  works  were  temporarily  ("topped. 
At  the  inquiry  the  Deputy-Coroner  said  that  the  only  witness  who 
could  give  evidence  as  to  the  accident  was  at  present  injured  him- 
self, and  it  would  be  some  time  before  he  would  be  sufficiently 
recovered  to  attend— probably  three  weeks  before  the  man  got  the 
bandages  off-  so  he  proposed  to  adjourn  the  inquiry  for  six  weeks, 
to  June  ISth. 

TuLLAMOBE,— An  inquest  was  held  on  April  30th,  into  the  death 
of  Laurence  Carroll,  employed  by  Mr.  Norman  Robinson.  Dublin, 
in  putting  up  electric  lighting  wires  at  Dew  Park  residence.  Tolla- 
more.     Decotsed  fell  from  the  top  of  a  telephone  pole. 

Jabrow.— Oq  May  1st,  an  inquest  was  held  concerning  the  death 
of  a  labourer,  Thomas  Tmley,  46.  A<  cording  to  the  evidence,  he 
was  assisting  to  lay  an  electric  cable  across  some  posts  and  three 
chimneys  at  Palmer's  rolling  mills,  when  he  fell  34  ft.  from  the 
top  of  a  pole  and  was  killed.  George  Sanderson,  electrician,  said 
that  he  thought  Tinley's  feet  slipped  while  he  was  lifting  the  cable 
into  position.  It  was  impossible  for  him  to  get  a  shock.  George 
Furlong,  a  labourer,  stated  that  if  deceased  lifted  the  cable  over 
the  insulator  it  would  go  over  the  arm  and  drag  him  over  if  he 
retained  his  hold.  The  pole  was  14  in.  out  of  line,  and  in  such 
circumstances  they  generally  used  a  piece  of  rope  to  prevent  the 
cable  going  over  the  arm.  Deceased  did  not  nse  the  rope.  A  verdict 
of  "  Accidental  death  "  was  returned. 

L<'pxi)OS. — An  inquest  was  held  on  2nd  inst.  into  the  death  of 
Edward  J.  Peake.  31,  a  painter  employed  by  a  fijm  of  contractors, 
who  was  killed  by  coming  into  contact  with  a  live  wire  on  the 
L.B.  .V  S.C.  Railway,  at  Queens  Road  Station,  Camberwell.  He 
was  on  a  plank,  a  few  feet  above  the  overhead  wire,  painting  a 
signal  bridge.    The  foreman  denied  that  he  told  the  men  to  pain. 


the  bridge  in  the  afternoon  ;  he  meant  them  to  paint  the  signal 
posts,  and  not  the  bridge,  as  that  should  have  been  dealt  with 
when  the  current  was  off.  The  medical  evidence  showed  that  ne 
man's  left  leg  was  partly  charred,  and  that  the  current  had  entered 
there.  Death  was  due  to  shock  following  the  bums  ;  both  arms 
were  burnt.  He  was  surprised  that  the  man  had  not  been  killed 
outright  with  a  6,500-volt  shock.  Peake  died  the  day  after  the 
accident.  The  jury,  in  returning  a  verdict  of  '  Accidental  death," 
added  a  rider  that  there  had  been  negligence  on  the  part  of  the 
man's  employers  in  not  supervising  the  work  in  a  proper  manner. 
The  deceased  left  a  widow  and  six  children,  all  under  7  years  of 
age. 

Football. — The  Bertram  'I'homas  EmpIojTs'  l-'ootball 
Club  has  just  finished  a  very  successful  season,  and  has  bao  a 
most  auspicious  wind-up  by  an  extraordinary  run  of  successes  in 
"  The  Ecclesboro'  Workshop  Competition."  Over  60  worksnop 
teams  entered  this  competition,  including  the  following  engineers 
and  electrical  engineers.  Messrs.  Bertram  Thomas's  employes  met 
the  following  teams,  which  they  succeeded  in  defeating  as 
shown  : — 

1st  Round.  Behemp'6  Employes  Won  1-0 

3ad      „  Elkanab  Armitage  Employes  Dnwn  0-0 

2nd      „  replayed         ,,                    ,,  Won  10 

Srd       „  British  WestinghouseC.E.  Dept,      „  1-0 

4th       „  Mandleburgi  Rubber  Works  „  1-0 

Semi-Final  Nasmyth  Wilsons'  Employes  ,,  1-0 

Pinal  B.  Kershaw  &  8ons        „  Drawn  0-0 

The  final  tie  took  place  on  Wednesday  evening,  the  30tb  nit., 
and.  we  are  informed,  was  an  extraordinary  match  in  all 
respects.  The  result,  after  full  time  was  played,  being  a  draw 
with  no  score,  an  extra  l.'i  minutes  was  played,  with  the  same 
result,  then  a  further  extra  10  minutes  was  played,  with  still  the 
same  result ;  and  a  further  five  minutes  was  played  without 
any  score  taking  place.  Darkness  had  then  set  in,  so  that  it  was 
impossible  to  play  any  longer,  and  as  this  was  the  last  day  of  the 
football  season  it  is  impossible  for  the  match  to  be  replayed  ;  so 
the  two  clubs  have  agreed  to  be  joint  holders  of  the  cup  for 
the  next  four  months,  and  to  play  off  for  the  right  of  holding  the 
cup  and  taking  the  first  medals  in  September  next. 

A  special  word  of  praise  is  due  to  the  players  of  Jlessrs,  Bertram 
Thomas's  E  F.C.  for  their  long-sustained  effort  throughout 
competition,  and  for  their  most  excellent  defence  in  keeping  11 
opponents  out  throughout  the  seven  matches  which  they  played, 
particularly  when  it  is  mentioned  that  they  knocked  out  the  last 
year's  holders,  Messrs.  Nasmyth  Wilsons,  and  the  Westinghouse 
team,  who  are  also  past  holders  of  the  trophy.  The  committee  and 
secretary  of  the  above  club  have  worked  untiringly  during  the 
season. 

The  St.  Helens  Cable  and  Rubber  Co.'s  Rugby  football  team  won 
the  Warrington  workshops"  challenge  cup  on  Saturday  last.  The 
opposing  side  in  the  final  round  was  Pearson  k  Knowles  Ironworks, 
but  we  are  credibly  informed  that  as  the  St.  Helens  backs  "were 
principally  from  the  C.T.S.  cable  department,  they  were  well  able 
to  withstand  the  mettlesome  onslaught  of  their  opponents."  Thirty 
clubs  competed,  and  the  odds  were  3  to  1  against  St.  Helens  in  both 
the  semi  and  the  final  ties.  The  event  was  celebrated  by  a  dinner 
and  a  music-hall  show  for  the  victorious  team,  who  also  won  gold 
watches  presented  by  the  Warrington  Football  Club. 

Iiuperial  College    of    Science  and  Technology. — 

The  fifth  annual  report  of  the  Imperial  College  for  the  year  ended 
August  Slst,  1912,  was  issued  recently.  The  total  number  of 
students  under  instruction  during  the  year  was  928,  as  compared 
with  887  in  the  previous  year.  Of  this  number  779  were  full-time 
and  149  pirt-time  students. 

The  Mireless  Teleirraph  Report. — A   correspondent 

writes  as  follows  :  — The  report  called  for  by  the  Postmaster-General 
on  the  merits  of  long-distance  wireless  telegraphy  has  been 
presented  to  Parliament  by  the  Committee.  There  is  no  cause 
to  question  the  ability  of  those  appointed  to  consider  this  subject 
from  a  technical  point  of  view,  but  the  rejwrt  perhaps  would  have 
been  more  useful  if  a  telegraph  man— and  there  exist  such  as  know 
telegraphy  in  all  its  branches,  commercially  and  technically— had 
formed  part  of  the  Committee,  and  clause  17  of  the  report,  given 
here,  might  then  have  contained  more  commercial  details  :— 
'Clause  17.  The  Marconi  Co.  is,  we  are  satisfied,  working  on  a 
commercial  scale  between  Clifden  and  Glace  Bay,  a  distance  of 
about  2, SOD  miles,  though  at  present  the  number  of  messages 
transmitted  either  way  is  not  so  great  as  to  require  duplex  working 
or  high-speed  transmission  We  were,  however,  present  when 
messages  were  transmitted  automatically  at  the  rate  of  liO  words 
(of  five  letters)  a  minute,  and  we  see  no  reason  why  this  r:  •■ 
should  not  be  considerably  increased  if  it  becomes  necessary.  'I 
communication  is  practically  continuous,  though  there  are  i.;^ 
doubt,  periods  when  the  signals  become  very  weak,  and  even 
occasional  periods  when  no  signals  can  get  through.  Periods  of 
this  nature  are  due  to  natural  conditions,  and  will  be  incident  to 
the  working  of  any  system.  During  such  periods  communicati  n 
can,  in  our  opinion,  be  ensured  only  by  the  use  of  great  power  n 
the  aerial.  We  understand  that  for  this  reason,  and  having  regard 
to  the  increased  power  required  for  high-speed  transmission,  the 
Marconi  Co.  proposed  to  employ  for  the  Imperial  station^ 
practically  double  the  power  now  used  at  Clifden.  Even  so.  ■ 
think  there  may  be  periods  when  communication  is  impracticali 
especially  in  tropical  regions  where  atmospheric  disturbances  may 
be  exppcted  to  cause  more  difficulty  than  over  the  Atlantic." 

It  does  not  seem  quite  plain  what  is  meant  by  "working  or.  a 
commercial  scale,"  and  we  think,  says  the  writer,  that  when  the 
cost  of  wireless  initallationsia  separated  from  the  mnufajtnra   a  • 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,H50,  May  «,  I9i;t.  ] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


7f)7 


the  rxppnilitiirt!  on  niaintonanoe  nnd  workiii);  and  capital  chari^oH  in 
placed  aKaiiiHl  the  roceiptx,  it  will  bu  found  tliore  ih  a  conHidorablo 
deficit  ill  many,  if  not  nearly  all,  wirclcHH  iiiHtallationH,  and  there- 
fore, what  wo  re(|uire  Met  out,  if  we  are  to  undnrHtand  the  actual 
faotp,  aH  to  workinjjron  a  "  coinincrcial  Hcalo,"  in  the  above  informa- 
tion in  plain  fitruroH  and  not  general  termH. 

With  retrard  to  the  communication  boin);  "practically  con- 
tinuouB."  To  eiiabh'  this  to  bo  undorntood  in  anything  U'hh  than 
the  general  ternm  nned,  there  would,  wo  think,  have  to  be  a  trial 
extendintf  over  a  whole  year  and  durinjj  the  varioun  HeaHouH.  and  a 
daily  record  would  have  to  bo  made. 

It  is  well  known  that  any  speed  can  bo  Hont,  and,  at  timoH, 
received,  but  thia  in  not  telegraphy. 

Li)t;lltnin)t^  Storm. — Considerable  damage  was  done  last 

week  by  a  violent  storm  which  raped  in  various  parts  of  the 
country.  At  Hull  a  man  was  blinded  by  a  (lash  of  litrhtninR. 
Telephone  services  were  disor^janiaed,  and  buildinps  seriously 
damaged,  by  liprhtninR-,  but  the  accompanyinfr  Hoods  caused  by  the 
deluge  of  rain  gave  rise  to  the  worst  conaeciuences. 

Victorian  Railway  Electrification. — The  Australian 

Miiihiff  Stintilard  gives  the  following  latest  information  regarding 
the  above  scheme,  and  the  contracts  in  connection  therewith  :•  - 

"The  following  contracts  have  been  let  by  the  Victorian  Govern- 
ment for  the  manufacture  and  supply  of  plant  and  rolling  stock  in 
connection  with  the  intended  electrification  of  the  suburban  rail- 
ways :  — (")  Steel  work  for  power  station  buildings  and  sheeting  of 
roof,  also  complete  equipment  for  one  boiler  house,  Messrs.  Bab- 
cock  &  Wilcox,  £2.")S,220  ;  (/;)  turbo- alternators  and  transformers, 
four  10,000-KW.  sets,  Messrs.  C.  A.  Parsons  &  Co.,  £122,23.-.  ;  (c) 
sub-station  e(|uipment— this  is  a  schedule  of  rates  contract,  and  the 
Commissioners  undertake  to  order  from  contractors,  Siemens 
Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  within  one  year,  plant  to  the  extent  of 
60,000  K\v.,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £lG8,(iOo  ;  (rf)  electrical  equip- 
ment for  cars,  100  each  for  motor  and  trailer  coaches,  the  General 
Electric  Co.,  of  New  York,  £678,180.  The  Commissioners  also  hold 
options,  operative  for  two  years,  under  these  contracts,  for  the 
second  boiler  house,  two  additional  generating  sets,  15,000  k\v.  of 
sub-station  plant,  and  car  equipment  for  100  motor  and  .50  trailer 
coaches,  which  form  the  balance  of  the  scheme  as  provided  for  in 
the  report  submitted  by  Mr.  Merz.  As  it  is  imperative  that  founda- 
tions, conduits,  &c.,  shall  be  ready  before  the  end  of  this  year.  Mr. 
Merz  is  pushing  on  with  the  preparation  of  plans,  and  he  has 
informed  the  Railway  Commissioners  that  he  hopes  to  be  able  to 
despatch  them  during  May.  After  that,  the  plans  for  other 
bramhes  of  the  work  will  be  pushed  on  with,  and  further  details 
are  now  being  prepared  by  the  departmental  oflBcers  to  enable  Mr. 
Merz  to  carry  the  work  through  as  expeditiously  as  possible.  It  is 
expected  that  the  power  station  will  be  practically  complete  by  the 
end  of  next  year  ;  and  that  the  first  line  to  be  converted,  that 
between  Sandringham  and  Broadmeadows.  will  be  electrically 
operated  by  May  or  June,  1!)15.'" 

Institation    and    Lecture   Xotes. — Association   ok 

Mixing  Electkical  Engineebs  (West  op  Scotland  Branch). — 
At  a  joint  general  meeting  of  this  branch  and  the  Scottish  Branch 
of  the  National  Association  of  Colliery  Managers  in  Glasgow  on 
Saturday  last,  Mr.  W.  H.  Telfer,  general  manager  of  Xeilsons  and 
Clyde  Coal  Co.,  read  a  paper  on  ''Power  Transmission  in  Mines." 
Mr.  Telfer  considered  that  fairly  large  collieries  or  groups  of  collieries 
requiring  generating  plant  of  400  KW.  and  upwards,  ought  to  have 
their  own  plant. 

Royal  Institution.— In  a  lecture  on  'Polarised  Light" 
recently.  Dr.  T.  M.  Lowry  pointed  out  the  exceptional  merits  of 
the  mercury  arc  as  the  source  of  light  in  optical  investigations, 
the  pure  yellow,  green,  and  violet  rays  being  particularly  promi- 
nent in  its  spectrum. 

Ikon  and  Steel  Institute. — At  the  annual  general  meeting 
of  the  Institute  last  week,  the  Council  reported  that  lO.s  new 
members  were  elected  during  the  year  1912.  and  that  the  total 
membership  at  the  end  of  the  year  was  2,1 1!>.  The  total  receipts 
for  the  year  were  i't;,48o,  and  the  expenditure  £5,793,  leaving  a 
balance  of  £690.  The  invested  funds  of  the  Institute  amounted  to 
£13,213.  The  Carnegie  Gold  Medal  was  awarded  to  Dr.  J.  Xewton 
Friend,  Worcester,  for  his  research  work  on  the  corrosion  of  iron 
and  steel.  A  Carnegie  scholarship  award  of  £100  was  made  to  Mr. 
W.  H.  Patterson  (Birkenhead),  to  enable  him  to  continue  his 
investigations  on  the  constitution  and  combustion  of  fuels.  The 
Bessemer  Medal  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Adolphe  Greiner,  general 
director  of  the  steel  works  of  Messrs.  John  Cockerill.  Seraing, 
Belgium,  who  was  responsible  for  the  introduction  into  Belgian 
iron  and  steel  practice  of  the  basic  processes,  and  had  been  to  the 
front  in  the  utilisation  of  blast  furnace  and  coke  oven  gas. 

The  annual  dinner  of  the  Institute  was  held  on  Thursday  evening 
at  the  Hotel  Cecil,  Mr.  Arthur  Cooper,  president,  occupying  the 
chair.     About  450  persons  were  present. 

Society  of  Engineers  (Incorporated).— At  a  meeting  of  the 
Society  on  May  5th,  a  paper  on  "  Tidal  Waters  as  a  Source  of  Power" 
was  read  by  Mr.  C.  A.  Battiscombe,  the  object  of  the  paper  being  to 
draw  attention  generally  to  the  commercial  possibilities  of  hydro- 
electric installations  in  the  British  Isles,  more  particularly  with 
regard  to  the  use  of  the  tides.  The  author  points  out  that  the  head 
of  water  available  for  actuating  turbines  cannot  exceed  one-third  of 
the  range  of  minimum  tides.  The  form  of  installation  required 
for  a  continuous  output  of  power  is  then  discussed.  An  outline  is 
given  of  the  arrangements  proposed  for  the  constant  maintenance 
of  a  working  head,  by  means  of  a  chamber  for  the  turbines, 
connected  by  valves  to  the  tidal  way  and  to  three  reservoirs  in 
which  the  tidal  water  may  be  impounded,  with  a  desoription  of  the 


propoHul  of  Hcquence  of  How  between  thft  tidal  way  and  the 
reservoirK.  It  in  clainnid  that  the  utiliiiation  of  the  tide*  for  power 
purpofes  pri'n<!iitn  few  eni;iriecrini;  diflicalticii  on  far  a*  |irinoiplM 
arc  concerned,  but  that  the  r<!al  difllculty  licx  in  the '|OP«tion  of 
cost,  and  therefore  in  the  choice  of  the  nite  and  in  the  design  of  the 
structural  detaiU.  It  in  subinitted  that  not  only  cnn  the  tidr-H  be 
utilised  an  aconitant  Rourceof  power,  but  that,  taken  in  conjunction 
with  the  powiir  that  could  be  doriv«!<l  from  frech-water  rlvem.  their 
utilisation  would  be  a.  great  gain  to  the  commercial  and  induittrlal 
intorcBtH  of  the  I'nited  Kingdom. 

The  Society  held  a  Bohemian  fJoncert  at  the  Il'dborn  Ke«taurant 
on  May  3rd,  when  a  varied  miiHical  programme,  arranged  hj  Mr. 
(-'harles  Capper,  was  li-itened  to  with  much  pleaxiire  by  the  larfre 
audience  of  members  of  the  Siciety  and  their  friendH. 

I.SSTITUTI-:  (iv  Mi;i  ALs. — The  annual  autumn  meeting  of  the 
Institute  of  Metals  will  this  year  take  place  in  connection  with  the 
(ihent  International  Hxhibition,  the  dateH  fixed  being  August  J'lth, 
29th  and  3()th.  Among  many  important  papem  to  be  communi- 
cated will  be  the  report  of  the  Corrosion  t'onimittee.  Gentlemen 
desirous  of  attending  the  (jhent  meeting  should  send  in  their  forms 
of  application  for  membership  to  the  .Secretary  of  the  Institute, 
Caxton  House,  Westminster,  S.W.,  not  later  than  .luly  31st. 

Institution  oi'  Civil  Engi.nekkw  — At  the  annual  general 
meeting,  held  on  April  29th,  the  r<>snltof  the  ballot  for  the  election 
of  officers  was  declared  as  follows  ;  President,  Mr.  Anthony  George 
Lyster,  M.Eng.  (London);  Vice-Presidents.  Mr.  B.  II  Blyth,  .M.A. 
(Edinburgh);  Mr.  J.  Strain  (Glasgow)  ;  Mr.  G.  R,  Jebb  (Birming- 
ham) :  Mr.  A.  Ross  (London).  Amongst  the  other  Members  of 
Council  are  Mr.  J.  A.  F.  Aspinall,  M.Eng,  ;  Col.  R.  E.  B  CromptOD, 
C.B,  ;  Mr.  Basil  Mott  (London) ;  Mr.  Dugald  Clerk.  F,R,S.  ;  and 
Mr.  Edward  Hopkinson,  M,A.,  D.Sc. 

Institution  ov  Civil  Engineers  (Stident.s)  The  thirty- 
eighth  annual  dinner  took  place  at  the  Troctidero  Restaurant  on 
Wednesday,  last  week,  Mr.  R.  Elliott-Cooper  (President  of  the 
Institution  of  Civil  Engineers)  presiding. 

Institution  ok  Ki-eciuical  Engineebs. — The  following  are 
the  names  of  the  authors,  and  titles,  of  the  papers  which  will  be 
discussed  at  the  joint  meeting  to  be  held  in  Paris,  with  the 
Sociote  Internationale  des  Electriciens,  from  May  2l8t  to  24th  :  — 
"  High-Tension  Continuous-Current  Traction,"  by  M.  Gratzmuller  ; 
"Single-Phase  Traction,"  by  M.  Latour ;  "The  Electrification 
Schemes  of  the  Chemin  de  Fer  du  Midi,"  by  M,  Julian;  "The 
Electrification  of  the  Paris  Suburban  Lines  of  the  State  Railway," 
by  A.  N.  Mazen  ;  "  Railway  Electrification  Problems  in  the  United 
States,"  by  H,  Parodi ;  "  Petrol-Electric  Motor-Trains,"  by  J.  B. 
Damoiseau  ;  "Long-Distance  Transmission  of  Electric  Energy 
(Continuous  Current),"  by  J.  S.  Highfield  ;  "  Long-Diatance  Trans- 
mission of  Electric  Energy  (Three-Phase  Current),"  by  H.  Leblanc  ; 
'■  Automatic  Telephony  :  Application  of  Mechanical  Devices  to  the 
Assistance  of  Manual  Operating  in  Telephone  Exchanges,"  by  W. 
Slingo. 

I.E.E, — Manchester  Section, -=-The  report  of  the  Committee 
shows  that  the  number  of  members  at  the  close  of  the  session  was 
812,  an  increase  of  27  over  the  figures  of  last  year.  For  the  session 
1913-14,  the  chairman  will  be  Prof.  E.  W.  Marchant :  vice-chairmen. 
Dr.  E.  Rosenberg  and  Mr.  P.  P,  Wheelwright  ;  ordinary  members 
of  Committee,  Messrs.  C.  C.  Atchison^  C.  J.  Beaver,  K.  M.  Faye- 
Hansen,  H.  J.  Hawkins.  E.  L.  Hill,  E,  M.  Hollingsworth,  G.  Layton, 
A.  E.  KcKenzie,  B.  Thomas,  Prof.  Miles  Walker,  B.  Welbourn, 
F.  H.  Whysall :  past  chairmen,  Messrs.  J.  S.  Peck,  Wm.  Cramp, 
and  A.  A.  Day  ;  hon.  secretary  and  treasurer,  Mr,  Julius  Frith, 
The  Homestead,  Victoria  Park,  Manchester  :  assistant  secretary  and 
treasurer,  5Ir.  A.  L,  (ireen,  s,  Westminster  Avenue.  Manley  Park, 
Manchester.  The  report  of  the  Students  Section,  which  numbers 
197  members,  shows  an  average  attendance  at  meetings  of  42. 
Mr.  H.  A.  Carney  is  vice-chairman,  and  IMr.  A.  T.  Robertson  hon. 
secretary. 

Royal  Institution. — The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  May  1st, 
Sir  .Tames  Crichton-Browne,  treasurer  and  vice-president,  in  the 
chair.  The  annual  report  of  the  Committee  of  Visitors  for  the  year 
1912,  testified  to  the  continued  prosperity  and  efficient  manage- 
ment of  the  Institution,  Thirty-nine  new  members  were  elected  in 
1912.  The  Duke  of  Northumberland  is  president  for  the  ensuing 
year  ;  secretary,  Mr.  Alexander  Siemens  ;  and  the  managers  include 
Sir  William  Crookes  and  Mr.  A.  A.  Campbell  Swinton.  Among 
the  visitors  are  Mr.  Dugald  Clerk.  Mr.  R.  Kaye  Gray,  Mr.  H.  R. 
Kempe,  Mr.  C.  E.  S.  Phillips,  and  Dr.  W.  X.  Shaw. 

Wages  During  Sickness. — A  vigorous  conflict  is  pro- 
ceeding between  the  Leeds  and  Bradford  Chambers  of  Trade  and 
the  National  Shop  Assistants'  Union  in  regard  to  the  Chambers' 
proposal  that  assistants  shall  sign  a  printed  agreement  relieving 
the  employer  of  the  newly  discovered  Common  Law  lialnlity  to  pay 
full  wages  during  absence  'through  sickness.  Negotiations  have 
been  fruitless.  The  Chambers  insist  on  maintaining  their  position 
and  the  Shop  Assistants'  Union  have  sent  special  agents  into  these 
districts  to  persuade  assistants  to  join  the  Union.  These  agents  are 
addressing  public  meetings  on  the  question  wherever  they  can  get 
the  opportunity,  and  are  threatening  to  compile  and  publish  a 
black  list  of  tradesmen  who  insist  on  the  signing  of  the  agreement. 

London     Chamber     of     fomnierce. — The    annual 

meeting  of  the  Chamber  was  held  on  April  24th.  The  annaal 
report,  in  dealing  with  the  Electrical  Trades  Section,  states  that 
at  the  first  meeting  of  this  Section  attention  was  given  to  the  im- 
portant municipal  trading  test  of  "The  Sheffield  Corporation  rfrsii.< 
Davidson."  in  which  an  injunction  was  obtained  restraining  the 
Sheffield  Corporation  from  carrying  on  the  business  of  supplying' 
electric  light  fittings  and  electric  bells  in  competition  with  other 
contractors  in    the  city.       The   Sheffield   Corpcraticn   afterwards 


768 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,850,  May  9,  1913" 


sought  Parliamentary  powers  to  carry  on  the  business  of  making 
electric  fittings  and  wiriner  premises.  The  Section  approved  of  the 
objections  of  the  Electrical  Contractors'  Association  to  this  inter- 
ference with  legitimate  private  enterprise,  and  supported  the  oppo- 
sition in  Parliament.  A  circular  letter  was  issued  to  interested 
members  asking  for  financial  support  to  the  Parliamentary 
opposition,  and  a  sum  of  .'>0  guineas  was  obtained,  partly  from 
the  funds  of  the  Municipal  Trading  Committee  and  partly  from 
other  subscribers. 

Dealing  with  the  International  Congress  on  the  application  of 
electricity  held  at  Turin  in  lHU,  the  report  states  that  Mr.  Leon 
(J aster,  who  had  been  appointed  as  the  Section's  representative, 
reported  fully  as  to  the  proceedings,  and  that  a  resolution  had  been 
adopted  urging  the  appointment  of  an  International  Connnission 
to  consider  all  methods  of  lighting  and  technical  problems  con- 
nected therewith. 

The  Section  endorsed  the  action  taken  by  the  Institution  of  Ekc- 
trical  Engineers,  in  opposition  to  the  proposed  removal  of  certain 
exemptions  granted  to  the  electrical  industry  under  Sections  54, 
55  and  .jfi  of  the  Factory  and  Workshop  Act,  1911,  on  the  grounds 
that  such  exemptions  were  necessary  owing  to  the  circumstances 
of  the  employment  and  the  requirements  of  the  public,  and  autho- 
rised the  chairman  to  take  all  necessary  steps  in  support  of  the 
Section's  views.  The  views  of  the  industry  were,  to  some  extent, 
covered  in  the  report  of  the  Committee  which,  though  recommend- 
ing the  withdrawal  of  the  exemption,  suggested  that  the  case  of 
electrical  stations  might  be  met  by  a  special  provision  allowing  the 
employment  of  boys  of  16  years  between  (>  a.m.  and  12  midnight 
for  a  specified  period.  Other  matters  mentioned  in  the  report  were 
the  Second  Census  of  Production  and  the  Light  Railwsys  Bill. 

Fire  PreventiOD. — The  British  Fire  Prevention  Com- 
mittee's Testing  Station,  near  Regent's  Park,  which  has  been 
recently  extended  and  altered,  was  reopened  on  Wednesday,  when 
high-temperature  fire  tests  with  fire-resisting  glazing  (Luxfer 
electro  glazing),  and  with  fire-resisting  party  wall  doors  (Chubb's 
reinforced  concrete  doors),  were  carried  out. 

Birmingham  Electric  <  Inb. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Club, 

on  Saturday,  two  interesting  papers  were  read,  one  by  Mr.  Fennel, 
on  "Purchased  rerxiif  Home  Generated  Power,"  and  the  other  by 
Mr.  F.  W.  Foster,  on  "  Direct  ri-rxiin  Alternating  Current  for  General 
Works  Power." 

A  Dead-Short  Romance.— She  was  a  sweet  17  (.s.w.r;.), 

single  as  yet.  In  feature  ampereious,  in  form  she  was  flexible. 
Tier  dress,  taped  and  braided,  was  a  double  cotton-covered  overall. 
Such  was  the  alluring  specification  of  Miss  Milly  Meter. 

7lf  was  middle  aged— 36/10— and,  temporarily  stranded  far  from 
ohm  by  a  volt-face  of  fortune,  had  become  a  conductor.  Never  a 
great  feeder,  a  continuous  diet  of  currents  had  made  him  more 
wiry  than  ever.  But  still  he  did  his  jute-y  ;  he  was  essentially  a 
V. I.E.— good  Latin  for  a  Man. 

They  met.  She  tendered  a  copper  (100  per  cent.  M.S.)  for  her 
fare.  lie,  in  a  state  of  high  tension,  dropped  it.  Both  went  to 
earth  to  recover  it.  Their  heads  made  contact,  and  their  hands. 
She  responded  to  his  ami-cable  pressure,  without  resistance  :  was 
she  not  his  twin  soul  .' 

The  rest  was  easy.  Over  a  three-cores  lunch  compounded  of  czo- 
kerit  and  gutta-percha,  he  proposed  :  and  she,  after  a  show  of  re- 
fuse-al,  did  the  usual  coy  consent  trick.  Their  lips  short-circuited. 
(That's  the  bit  u  men — you  sentimental  men — were  waiting  for. 
Watt :)  A  shcrt  en-gauge-ment,  and  they  were  married,  spliced, 
joint  in  holy  matrimony  ;  and  lead  thereafter  a  life  of  bliss.  You 
see  'em,  eh  .' — 11.  R.  T. 

The  Xeon  Lamp. — In  a  paper  read  before  the  Societc 
Internationale  des  Electriciens,  an  account  is  given  of  an  experi- 
mental research  upon  the  neon  lamp  with  other  "luminescent" 
lamps,  and  the  curious  fact  is  brought  out  that  the  candle-power 
of  this  lamp  cannot  be  determined.  The  difficulty  arises  from  the 
red  colour  of  the  neon  light,  that  being  a  colour  for  which  the 
sensibility  of  different  observers'  eyes  varies  enormously  ;  the 
candle-power  measurements  ranged  between  values  in  the  ratio  of 
no  less  than  1  to  .'<,  and  there  was  no  particular  value  round  which 
the  observations  were  grouped.  On  the  other  hand,  all  the  observers 
were  agreed  on  the  increase  of  visual  acuity  with  high  intensities 
of  illumination  with  neon  light ;  and  as  regards  fatigue  of  the 
eye,  the  neon  tube  was  the  best  of  all  the  light  sources  tested. 

A  Larg;e  .4merican  Si^n. — A  mammoth  electric  sign 

has  been  erected  on  the  roof  of  the  Majestic  Building  in  Milwaukee, 
Wis.  The  sign  will  consist  of  the  single  word  '"Gimbels,"  to 
advertise  the  department  store  of  that  name.  The  sign  is  150  ft. 
long  and  M  ft.  high  ;  each  letter  is  31  ft.  high.  The  total  weight 
is  about  ICi  tons  ;  10,000  ft.  of  copper  wire  were  used  in  wiring  the 
letters.  The  total  candle-power  installed  is  about  32,000,  and  the 
cost  of  operation  is  estimated  at  $10,000  annually.— JE?«c.  ii'orld. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

7hf  Ed^tom  invitf  flecfrical  enginpi'rf,  wholher  connected  with  the 
technical  or  the  commercial  side  <if  the  jnofemon  and  indvstry, 
aho  electric  tramway  and  railway  officials,  to  Iteey  readers  of  the 
Electrical  Review  posted  as  to  their  viorements. 


Central  Station  Officials. — The  Hammersmith  Elec- 
tricity Committee  having  considered  applications  for  additional 
increases  in   salaries  from  a  number  of  officers  in  the  electricity 


department,  recommends  that  the  maximum  of  Me.  H.  R.  Watts. 
meter  assistant,  be  increased  to  £175  per  annum,  to  be  reached  by 
two  annual  increments  of  £12  lOs.  each  ;  that  the  maximum  of 
Mr.  T.  a.  Taylor,  mains  supt rintendent,  be  increased  to  £175,  to 
be  reached  by  two  annual  increments  of  £12  lOs.  each  ;  that  Mr. 
T.  II.  Meacock,  wages  clerk  (Class  5),  be  promoted  to  Class  4  at  a 
salary  of  £100,  rising  by  £5  to  £130  per  annum  ;  and  that  no 
action  be  taken  on  the  other  applications. 

The  Islington  B.C.  last  Friday  appointed  Mr.  W.  E.  Beadshaw. 
of  the  Charing  Cross,  West  End  and  City  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd., 
to  the  position  of  mains  superintendent,  recently  rendered  vacant 
by  the  resignation  of  Mr.  T.  A.  G.  MAEdARY. 

The  Dublin  Corporation  had  before  it  on  Monday  a  recommenda- 
tion of  the  Electric  Supply  Committee,  that  the  salaries  of  the  City 
electrical  engineer,  Mu.  Mark  Ruddle,  be  increased  from  £750  by 
annual  increments  of  £50  to  £1,000  ;  that  of  Mr.  L.  .1.  Kettle, 
deputy  electrical  engineer,  from  £400,  by  annual  increments  of 
£50,  to  £000  ;  and  that  of  Mr.  Gilisert  Archer,  chief  distribu- 
tion engineer,  from  £350,  by  £25  per  annum  to  a  maximum  of 
£450  a  year. 

It  is  stated  that  the  appointment  that  is  being  taken  up  by  Mr. 
n.  H.  CorzENs,  late  of  Hampstead,  is  that  of  general  manager  of 
the  Toronto  electric  system,  under  the  Toronto  Electric  Commis- 
sioners. 

Mr.  .T.  H.  Kirk,  shift  engineer  at  the  West  Biromwich  Corpora- 
tion Electricity  Works,  is  leaving  in  order  to  take  up  a  similar 
position  in  the  Chiswiok  power  station  of  the  London  United 
Tramways.  On  behalf  of  the  staflE  at  West  Bromwich  he  has  been 
presented  with  a  suitably  inscribed  silver  cigarette  case. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Woods,  on  leaving  the  Weardale  power  station,  was 
presented  by  the  staff  of  the  Cleveland  and  Durham  Electric  Power, 
Ltd..  with  a  non-magnetic  centre  second  stop  watch  and  a  fountain 
pen.     Mrs.  Woods  was  presented  with  a  gold  brooch. 

Mr.  T.  W.  Mackay,  late  shift  engineer  with  the  Cleveland  and 
Durham  Electric  Power,  Ltd.,  has  been  appointed  ^to  a  staff 
position  with  the  Hong-Kong  Electric  Lighting  Co. 

The  Colne  T.C.  has  decided  to  increase  the  salary  of  the  elec- 
trical engineer,  from  £300  to  .i;325  per  annum. 

Tramway  OtHcials. — At  a  meeting  of  Southport  Tran  - 
ways  Committee  on  May  Ist,  3Ir.  B.  Andrews,  formerly  manager 
of  Southend  Corporation  Tramways,  and  manager  to  the  Malta 
Tramways  Co.  for  three  years,  but  latterly  engaged  with  a  firm  of 
engineers  in  Otley,  was  appointed  manager  of  the  Southport 
Tramways  at  £200  per  annum.  There  were  10(i  applicants,  and 
Mr.  Andrews  was  chosen  from  five  selected  candidates. 

Mr.  Edgar  Harry  Cockpbott,  formerly  chief  engineer  of  the 
London  United  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  been  appointed  to  the  position 
of  assistant  engineer  to  the  London  Underground  Electric  Railways 
Co.,  Ltd. 

fienera). — Mh.  E.  Garckk  was,  on  Monday,  elected  a 
member  of  the  Royal  Institution. 

Mr.  Alfred  W.  Bedttell  has  removed  to  203,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W. 

Mr.  George  C.  Ha.milton,  of  Knutsford,  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Messrs.  Drake  ^c  Gorham,  has  been  adopted  as  the  Unionist  can- 
didate for  the  by. election  in  the  Altrincham  division,  caused  by  the 
resignation  of  Mr.  J.  R.  Kebty-Fletcher,  M.P. 

Mr.  Andrew  Wilkinson  has  just  taken  up  the  position  of  works 
manager  to  the  Anti- Attrition  Metal  Co.,  Ltd.,  Glengall  Works, 
London,  S.E.  .  Mr.  Wilkinson  for  the  past  five  years  has  been  in  the 
service  of  the  London  County  Council  as  works  superintendent  of 
their  tramway  repair  depots. 

The  staff  of  Messrs.  Crompton  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  the  Arc  Works, 
Chelmsford,  has  presented  a  cabin  trunk,  a  Gladstone  bag,  and  an 
inscribed  silver  cigarette  case,  to  Mr  A.  Dowsett,  who,  after 
13  years'  service  on  the  staff,  is  leaving  to  take  up  an  appoint- 
ment on  an  Atlantic  liner. 

Indian  Fnginccriiig  states  that  Me.  J.  H.  Cardew,  electrical 
engineer,  Oudh  and  Rohilkhnnd  Railway,  is  permanently  trans- 
ferred to  the  North- Western  Railway  as  electrical  engineer  of  that 
line.  He  will  have  charge  of  the  electrical  department  of  the 
Oudh  and  Rohilkhand  Railway,  in  addition  to  his  own  duties,  until 
further  orders. 

The  Right  Hon.  Lord  CA5TLErowN,  of  Upper  Ossory.  K  P., 
('.M.G.,  Chancellor  of  the  Royal  University  of  Ireland,  has  been 
appointed  chairman  of  the  Governors  of  Faraday  House  Electrical 
Training  College,  in  succession  to  the  late  Earl  of  Crawford,  K.T., 
F.R.S. 

Wills. — Mu.  .Iamks  Tanoye,  one  of  the  founders  of 
Tangyes,  Ltd.,  left  £13,161. 

Mr.  IIknry  Drake,  chairman  of  Callender's  Cable  and  Con- 
struction Co.,  and  of  the  Anchor  Cable  Co.,  Ltd.,  left  £09,634. 

Mr.  William  Bdllough,  of  Messrs.  Howard  &  Bnllough,  Ltd., 
Accrington,  left  £187,835  gross,  and  net  personalty  £185,652. 

Mr.  Geo.  Matthey.  F.RS.,  of  Johnson,  Matthey  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
left  £306,252  gross,  and  net  personalty  e 301,067. 

Olutnary. — Wc  tender  our  deep  sympathy  to  Dr.  J.  T. 
Bottomley,  LL.D.,  F.H.S.,  upon  the  death  of  his  wife— daughter  of 
the  late  Chas.  R.  Hlandy,  Es-q.,  of  Madeira— which  occurred  on 
Tuesday  last,  after  a  few  days'  illness. 


Vol.  72.     No.   l,H;-,o,  May  :>,   i;ti:i. 


rVifi;    KLF'.CTKIOAL    JiKVll-rw 


7(59 


THE    BROMPTON    AND    KENSINGTON    ELECTRIC    RESTAURANT. 


Onk  more  proof  tliat  electric,  (jookinj,'  in  tliis  couiibry  has  iit 
iiiHt  been  roiiHcd  from  its  comii,  luid  is  lieiiccfortli  to  i)(! 
regarded  as  a  serious  commercial  proposition,  is  to  be  found 


The  Beompton   and  Kexsixgtox  Co.'s  Electric  Restaurant 
IN  Eakl's  Couet  Road,  S.W. 

in    the    admirable    equipment  of   the   premises    in   Earl's 
Court    Road    (a    few    doors    from    the    District   Railway 
Station),    which    the    Brompton    and    Kensington   Acces- 
sories Co.  has,  during 
the  past  few  months, 
converted  into  a   fine 
electric  restaurant,  the 
main   hall    of    which 
is    illustrated   here 
with  the  mezzanine  or 
gallery   room    in    the 
background. 

No  pains  have  been 
spared  to  make  the 
premises  worthy  of 
their  high  destiny,  and 
the  architects,  deco- 
rators, and  furnishers, 
are  to  be  compli- 
mented upon  their 
intimate  acquaintance 
with,  and  realisation 
of,  the  conditions  and 
surroundings  best 
securing  the  comfort 
and  convenience  of 
tired  and  hungry 
humanity.  In  addition 
to  the  main  hall  and 
mezzanine,  there  is 
provided  a  snug  tea 
room  and  a  telephone 
cabinet.  Adjacent  to 
the  dining  hall  there  is 
an  inquiry  office  and 
a  sale  room,  so  that 
those  who  have  con- 
sumed food  of  one 
description  or  another 
— varying     from    the 

portly  steak  to  the  daintiest  of   tea   cakes — in  full   sight 
of  some  of  the  gleaming  "  armour  plated "  ranges   which 


Iiuvc  cooked  their  viands,  and  which  are  Hill!  cooking — lut 
the  red  signal  laiiipsand  nothing  else  testificH— theH<;  jicrwjns 
may  at  once  take  the  firnt  steps  towards  bcwuning  "«jn- 
SMinors"  in  tlie  best  sense  of  the  word,  and  realiHJng  in 
tlieir  own  homes  those  advantages  of  which  tliey  have  \iiU:\y 
li;id  tangible  procf. 

On  April  I'.Otli  we  were  guests  of  the  chairman  ami 
directors  of  the  company  on  the  occasion  of  an  inaugnnil 
baiiqM(;t  comprising  nine  excellent  courses.  Every  dish  waa 
cooked  exclusively  by  electric  heat,  and  by  the  time  thfsc 
lines  are  jiublished,  tlie  restaurant  will  be  opened  to  the 
public,  and,  the  refrigerating  plant  being  completed, 
"  electric  ices  "  will  be  added  to  tlie  menu. 

Among  the  guests  participating  in  what  was  a  no  lesa 
historical  than  enjoyabl;;  ceremony,  were  Messrs.  A.  B. 
Anderson,  II.  II.  Merry,  S.  Beeton,  ii.  A.  ChattfXik,  J. 
Christie,  F.  A.  Cortez  Leigh,  J.  C.  L.  Coward,  K.C.,  W.  F. 
Davies,  R.  S.  Downe,  .1.  S.  Highfield  and  A.  H.  Seabrook. 
At  the  conclusion  of  a  meal,  during  which,  to  judge  from 
the  snatc'hes  of  conversation  which  reached  us,  golden 
opinions  were  formed  which  will  lead  to  very  brisk  cooking 
business  in  the  near  future,  the  toast  of  "  The  King  "  waa 
received  with  enthusiasm,  and  ^Ir.  Coward  rose  to  propose 
"  Success  to  the  Xew  lOnterprise."  The  speaker  recalled 
those  occasions  on  which  he  had  been  compelled  by  profes- 
sional engagements  to  criticise  the  policies  and  metliods  of 
the  company  in  whose  house  he  now  found  himself  a  guest. 
Under  these  circumstances,  he  was  pleased  to  find  that  his 
beer  had  not  been  poisoned  I  •  >n  one  occasion  when  he  had 
promoted  an  electric  tramway  Bill,  Lord  Ravensworth  had 
stigmatised  as  preposterous  and  intolerable  the  suggestion  to 
have  two  naked  conductors  alongside  the  track.  As  develop- 
ment had  been  wide  and  rapid  since  those  days,  so  he  felt 
sure  it  would  be  henceforth  from  the  epoch  marking  function 
atwhichthey  were  present  that  night.  In  replying  to  this  toast, 
Mr.  H.  R.  Beeton  (chairman  of  the  Brompton  and  Kensington 


The  Main  Restaueant,  Showing  Guill  and  Mkz/amn-e. 


Electricity  Supply  and  Accessories  Companies),    remarked 
that  20  years  ago  he  had  made  so  many  statements  and 


770 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,850,  May  9,  1913. 


propliecies   (in   connection    with    the   inauguration   of   the 
Brompton  and  Kensington  electricity  supply),  which  time 
had   proved   incorrect   that   he   proposed   to   be  extremely 
reticent  on  this  occasion.     One  of  the  extraordinary  state- 
ments to  which  he  had  lent  his  name  in  tlie  past  was  that 
electric  lamps  gave  no  heat.     Uas  had  been  routed  from  the 
lighting  field,  but  was  at  present  entrenched  in  the  field  of 
cooking.     During  recent  years  the  cost  of  electrical  energy 
had   been    reduced 
75  per  cent.,  and  in 
the  near  future  elec- 
tric cooking  would 
far   exceed   electric 
lighting  in  import- 
ance  as   a    central 
station  load.     The 
reliability   of    elec- 
trical apparatus  had 
been  proved  beyond 
doubt,  and  the  per- 
sistent ingenuity  of 
gas-cooker  designers 
had  paved  the  way 
for    rapid   develop- 
ments in   electrical 
apparatus.     He  re- 
garded the  present 
restaurant   under- 
taking as   a  sober, 
serious     business 
proposition,  and 
when    the    L.C.C. 
entered    into    its 
inheritance     he 
believed     that    the 
Brompton     and 
Kensington    Acces- 
sories Co.  would  be  in  a  position  to  continue  its  business 
independently,  thus   ensuring  continued  prosperity   to   the 
shareholders. 

A  short  but  excellent  musical  programme  followed,  and  tlie 
guests  were  then  free  to  wander  where  they  would  from  the 
luxurious  public  rooms  to  the  gleaming  kitchens  on  the  first 
and  ground  fioors  and  to  the  hot  water  pit,  the  refrigerator 


Electric  Cooking  Ranoi:. 


main  kitchen,  whicli  is  part  of  the  restaurant  (being  situated 
on  the  fir.st  floor  and  approached  through  a  plate-glass  door), 
the  ordinary  visitor  will  be  welcomed  at  all  times,  and  will  thus 
be  able  to  appreciate  the  convenience  and  extreme  cleanliness 
appertaining  to  an  electric  service. 

Another  feature  of  the  restaurant  is  a  supply  of  current 
on  every  table,  and  visitors  may,  if  they  wish,  carry  out 
small  cooking  operations  with  toasters,  chafing  dishes,  &c. 

Each  table  is 
l)rovided  with  one 
or  more  bell  pushes, 
by  which  a  signal 
lamp  corresponding 
with  the  table  is 
lighted  up  in  the 
service  room,  and 
remains  lighted 
until  the  particular 
table  is  attended  to. 
The  electrical 
cqui])ment  has  been 
supplied  by  various 
manufacturers  to 
the  design  and 
specification  of  the 
Accessories  Co.,  and 
is  based  on  experi- 
ence gained  at  the 
"  (^)ueen's  Head" 
Electric  Restaurant, 
Earl's  Court,  last 
summer,  and  the 
results  obtained  on 
the  company's  own 
and  consumers' 
premises  during  the 
past  three  years, 
which  have  enabled  them  to  produce  apparatus  whicli  is 
suitable  for  the  purpose  in  view,  and  able  to  stand  up  to  its 
work  under  everyday  conditions. 

In  the  main  kitchen  is  provided  one  large  cooking  suite 
having  a  loading  of  70  Kw.,  controlled  by  5H  switches  ;  there 
are  nine  ovens  in  the  lower  part,  of  various  sizes  and  loadings 
for  different  cooking  operations.      At   the   extreme  right, 


TuE  Electric  Kitchen. 

The  BROMrTON  and  Kensincton  C' 


The  Tea  Room. 
Electric  Restaur akt. 


room  and  the  transformer  chamber  in  the  basement.  The 
neat  black  and  bright  metal  work  and  the  spotless  paint  and 
woodwork  lent  to  the  strictly  utilitarian  parts  of  the  premises 
a  distinctly  naval  atmosphere. 

The  restaurant  has  a  seating  capacity  of  from  '.tO  to  !)5  per- 
sons. The  lighting, cooking,  bread  baking,  ventilating,  heating 
of  the  building,  water  heating,  refrigerating,  cleaning,  signal- 
ling and  time  service  are  all  accomplished  electriailly.     In  the 


there  are  two  steamers  for  vegetables,  fish,  puddings,  \c., 
and  immediately  adjoining,  ovens  for  baking  all  varieties 
of  bread  and  rolls  recpiired  in  the  restaurant.  At  the  left 
hand  side  there  is  a  large  fish  fryer,  adjoining  which  is  a 
grill  and  toaster.  On  the  main  hob  are  fitted  12  boiling 
])lates  of  various  sizes  and  loadings.  Running  along  the 
top  of  the  suite  are  switch  indicator  lamps,  and  immediately 
underneath  arc  hot  cupboards  for  silver. 


Vol.  72.     No.  \,HM,  May  '.i,  191.1.] 


THE    ELECTRlCAIi    REVIEW. 


771 


j|[  Tlic  oLlicr  ('(iiiipinciit  in  the  iniiiii  kitchen  compiiscH  an 
eiet;triciilly-h('iiU!(i  oolVce  roasti-r,  elccLriciilly-drivi'ii  meat 
ch()])jKM'  and  vxifd'Ai  "grinder,  bain  inurie,  lisli  kettle,  stock  pot, 
cg^  boiiei'H,  iVc. 

The  hot  water  in  the   kitchen  and  scullery  on  this  lioor 
-is  supplied  by  a  "  (.ooper  "  water  heater. 


'--»* 

ff^^ 

e  ^1 9\ 

u  ,^i.A-,       «n     ^^^1 

Oneiif  the  baHcments  is  fitted  us  a  rnesHroom,  wh*;re  th'; 
restaurant  stall',  numberirij;  aljout  1h,  will  have  their  m'ulH 
served  and  cooked.  The  installation  here  will  1*  shown 
under  ordinary  working,'  conditions  U)  visitors.  There  is  also 
on  tiie  first  lloor  a  small  model  kitchen  fitUid  with  the  usual 
pattern  of  domestic  stove. 

Another  basement  contains  refrigerating  plant  for  supply- 
ing the  cold  chamber  and  making  ice,  and  a  loo-gallon 
"Cooper"  heater  supplying  hot  water  for  general  purjwses. 

The  ventilating  arrangements  comprise.'  duct-work  by 
means  of  wiiicli  the  air  is  drawn  in  from  outside — cooled  in 


B  '  1 

« 

li 

^e  i!C'?-;  The  Mezzanine,  B.  and  K.  Electhic  Restadkant.  '»   25-kw.  Exciter  Set,  Fcsan  Electkicity  Wokks  (see  page  772) 


Tn  the  main  restaurant  is  fitted  a  large  double  griller, 
together  with  a  carving  table  and  hot  cupboards,  and  hot 
plates  are  fitted  throughout  the  establishment,  so  that  hot 
dishes  may  be  served  hot,  and  not  warm. 


View  in  the  Generating  Station,  Fusan  Electricity  Works,  showing  Alternators  (see  page  77l')- 


In  the  servery  at  the  back  of  the  main  restaurant  are  the 
•electrically-heated  urns  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  tea, 
•coffee.  Ac. 

The  loading  of  the  whole  electrical  equipment  is  approxi- 
mately 140  KW.,  and  this  is  supplied  from  two  sub-stations 
on  the  premises,  each  containing  two  .'iO-kw.  transformers, 
which  also  feed  into  the  adjoining  network. 


summer  and  warmed  in  winter — and  delivered  to  the 
restaurant  through  gratings,  being  afterwards  exhausted  by 
means  of  fans  situated  on  the  roof  of  the  building. 

The  arrangements  for  metering  all  the  circuits  through  the 

building  are  very  com- 
plete and  will  enable 
accurate  data  to  be 
obtained. 

The  illumination  of 
the  various  apart- 
ments has  been  care- 
fully studied,  and  in 
addition  to  the 
ordinary  pendants  and 
table  lighting,  some 
concealed  lighting  has 
been  introduced.  The 
company  has,  more- 
over, imported  from 
New  York  a  couple  of 
typical  "  White  Way  " 
lamp  columns,  each 
carrying  five  globes, 
for  exterior  pavement 
illumination,  as  shown 
in  one  of  our  views. 

AVith  a  view  to 
carrying  out  its 
restaurant  scheme,  the 
company's  premises  in 
Earl's  Court  Road 
have  been  quadrupled 
in  size. 

The  adjacent  base- 
ments have  also  been 
acquired,  and  recently 
the  company  pur- 
chased the  premises 
of  the  Earl's  Court 
^lotor  (iarage  Co., 
which  adjoin  and  run  parallel  at  the  back,  comprising  over 
5,000  sq.  ft.  superficial  area. 

These  premises  will  be  used  as  a  depot  and  workshops  for 
the  cooking  and  heating  business  in  the  company's  area,  for 
development  work  generally,  and  the  charging  of  electric 
vehicles. 

In  conclusion,  we  are  indebted  to  ilr.  R.  ■^.   Downe,  the 


772 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,850,  May  0,  1913. 


company's  general  manager,  for  bis  courtesy  in  giving  us  the 
fullest  information  ;  we  may  add  that  his  own  and  his  com- 
pany's extensive  knowledge  of  electrical  cooking  require- 
ments is  at  the  fullest  disposal  of  any  who  may  be  interested 
in  the  matter. 


NEW     ELECTRICITY     WORKS 
KOREA. 


AT     FUSAN, 


By  J.  DOUGLAS  COLLIER. 


Thk  port  of   Fusan,  situated  at  the  S.E.  corner  of  Korea,  is 
becoming  important  in  view  of  its  position  relative  to  .lapan, 


The  Mai.\  Switchboard,  Fusax  Electricity  Works, 


electricity  plant  with  entirely  new  machinery,  and  a 
description  of  the  latter  may  be  of  interest,  as  the  new  gene- 
rators are  gas-engine  driven  for  parallel  operation. 

The  two  main  sets  have  a  capacity  of  ;iOO  kw.  each,  at 
;!,."iOO  volts,  three-phase,  50  cycles,  speed  188  r. p.m.,  and  con- 
sist of  four-cylinder  premier  gas  engines  with  direct-coupled 
Bruce  Peebles  alternators,  the  rotors  of  which  are  directly 
mounted  on  the  engine  fly-wheels  placed  between  the  cylin- 
ders, which  are  in  pairs.  The  cranks  are  arranged  to  obtain 
an  impulse  every  half  revolution. 

Starting  is  effected  by  compressed  air,  working  on  two 
cylinders,  and  a  compressor,  belt  driven  from  a  2-ii  ii.p.  ver- 
tical gas  engine,  has  been  installed  for  this  purpose. 

There  are  two  separately  driven  exciters,  one  of  25-KW. 
capacity  coupled  direct  to  a  single-cylinder  gas  engine  run- 
ning at  220   it.p.J[.,  and  the  other,  a 
motor-generator,   having   an   output   of 
_^^^^^^^^         23  KW.,  driven  by  a  three-phase,  3,500- 
"^^J^B^Bj         volt,  50-cycle,   750  r.p.m.  squirrel-cage 
'^^^^H         induction  motor,  supplied  from  the  main 
'^^^^B         sets.      The  exciters  are   flat    compound 
^1         wound  for  125  volts  :    the  capacity  of 
— '"^'  '*"         either   machine    is    sufficient   to   excite 

three  300-kw.  units,  allowance  being 
made  for  the  installation  of  an  additional 
set  in  the  future. 

The  switchboard,  which  has  been 
manufactured  by  ^Messrs.  Ferranti,  Ltd., 
is  of  white  Silician  marble,  and  com- 
prises two  generator  panels,  one  exciter 
panel  and  one  A.r.  motor  panel,  also 
four  three-pliase  feeder  panels. 

In  addition  to  the  u^al  instruments, 
each  A.c.  panel  is  fitted  with  a  Ferranti 
three-phase  adjustable  overload  time- 
limit  relay  to  work  the  tripping  gear 
of  the  oil  switches,  which  are  operated 
from  the  exciter  circuit.  All  the  h.t. 
switches  are  fitted  with  red  and  green 
signal  lights  ;  the  synchronising  gear 
is  of  the  usual  synchroscope  type ;  a 
three-phase  static-type  ground  detector 
with  water  resistance  cut-outs  is  installed 
in    accordance     with     official     regula- 


and  recently  has  be- 
come the  terminus  of 
the  alternative  route 
between  .Japan  and 
Europe  by  the  Trans- 
Siberian  Railway,  the 
other  route  being  rin 
Vladivostok.  The 
population  numbers 
about  55,000,  of  whom 
25,000  are  .Japanese 
and  the  remainder 
Koreans. 

The  original  electric 
lighting  plant  was 
installed  about  ten 
years  ago :  it  consisted 
of  four  direct-current 
generators  belt-driven 
from  steam  engines, 
having  a  total  capacity 
of  180  KW.,  all  of 
American  make. 

I-'ollowing  the 
annexation  of  Korea 
by  .Japan  in  August, 
1 '.)  1 0,  a  .Japanese  com- 
pany, known  as  the 
Kankoku  Oas  and 
Electric  Co.,  was 
formed  to  buy  out  the 
old  electric  light  com- 
pany. This  company 
has  recently  installed 
a   combined    gas    and 


Foiu-Cylindeb  Gas  Engixes,  Fusas  Electricity  Works 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,8B0,  May  9,  191.1.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


778 


tions.  Spark -f^'Mit  typo  liglitniii",'  iiriTBters,  with  choking 
ooilH,  ure  provided  lor  each  feeder,  ull  tlieno  luMiif^  mountiKl 
on  II  Hopiirate  liatncvvork  on  tlic  wall  iit  the  Imck  of  the 
switt'hboard. 

Tlio  enf^inc  circulatinf^  water  in  supplied  by  a  two  IVcbles- 
(i Wynne  centrifugal  p\imps  driven  from  tlie  exciters. 

\h  ref^ards  crane;  (M|uipiuent,  the  enf^inc!  room  is  provided 
witli  a  10-ton  liand-operatcd  crane  by  Messrs.  Ilififginbottom 
and  Mannoc^k. 

'I'lie  disLriliution  is  carried  out  by  means  of  overhead  lines 
with  weather-proof  covering,  carried  on  wooden  poles.  Single- 
phase  oil-cooled  pole-type;  transformers  ure  used,  having  a  ratio 
of  ;(,;')()()/ 1 10  volts,  tlie  latter  being  the  usual  voltage  of  supply 
for  lighting  and  small  motors  in  this  part  of  the  world. 

For  the  present,  the  engines  arc  being  run  on  gus  having 
a  calorific  value  of  al)out  OOO  h.th.c  net  per  cubic  foot, 
supplied  from  tlie  town's  gas  plant;  but  as  the  ordinary 
lighting  and  heating  load  on  the  latter  increases,  it  is  intended 
to  install  a  producer  gas  plant  for  the  engines  at  a  later 
date,  and  provision  as  regards  piping  and  valves  has  been 
made  accordingly. 

The  machines  described  operate  in  parallel  successfully, 
and  the  load  may  be  regulated  on  either  generator  to  a 
nicety. 

The  plant  has  been  supplied  and  installed  by  the  con- 
tractors, Messrs.  Ti.  .1.  Healing  it  Co.,  fiondon  and  Yokohama, 
in  accordance  with  the  specification  of  ]Mr.  I.  Naito,  engineer, 
Tokyo  (ias  Co.,  who  has  acted  as  consulting  engineer  to  the 
Kankoku  Gas  and  Electric  Co, 


S«oI/  Kleitrophone  Co.  (H»!3),   I-td.  ri2«  I1'>).-R'vl''t«red 

April    I7ili,   \,y   Ownii,   Jonm   A   (.11,,   HMW),  Chari' ■         '  '■■  "        ''iplWl 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Thompson  Bros.  (Blackburn),  Ltd.  (128,198).— This  com- 
pany was  registered  on  April  7th,  with  a  capital  of  £3,000  in  Mi  shares,  to  take 
over  the  business  of  motor  and  electrical  engineers,  motor-car  dealers  and 
agents,  &o.,  carried  on  by  Walter  and  William  Thompson  as  "Thompson  Bros." 
at  Preston  New  Road,  Blackburn.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each) 
are  : — Walter  Thompson,  Norwood,  Somerset  Avenue,  Wiltshire,  elertricai 
and  motor  engineer ;  Wm.  Thompson, , 50,  Carnarvon  Road,  BlBckburn,  motor 
engineer.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  net  to  be  less  than 
two  or  more  than  five  :  the  first  are  Walter  Thompson  and  Wm.  Thompson  ; 
rjualifloation,  £100.  Bolicitor,  J.  Taylor,  41,  Ainsworth  Street,  Blackburn, 
Registered  offlce,  15,  Preston  New  Road,  Blackburn. 

Simins   Motor    Units,    Ltd.   (128,4  37).— This  company    was 

registered  on  April  18th,  with  a  capital  cf  £20,000  In  £1  shares,  to  carry  on 
the  business  of  manufacturers  and  proprietors  of  and  dealers  in  magnetos, 
magneto  parts  and  accessories,  motors,  motor  and  other  carriages,  boats, 
tlyine  machines,  cycles,  &c.,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  P.  R.  Simms. 
The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  : — H.  Dock,  14,  Regent  Street,  8.W., 
oleik;  J.  A.  Maynard,  14,  Regent  Street,  8.W.,  clerk;  A.  Cleave,  59,  Cam- 
bridge Road,  Anerley,  S.E.,  clerk;  J.  H.  Jones,  37,  St.  Stevens  Terrace,  South 
Lambeth,  B.W.,  clerk;  H.  G.  Hancock,  28,  Olive  Street,  Romford,  clerk; 
B.  Pudgen,  96,  Mildenhall  Road,  Clapton,  N.E.,  clerk;  E.  Percy,  14,  Regent 
ftreet,  8.W.,  clerk.  Minimum  cash  subscription  25  per  cent,  of  the  Ehares 
offered  to  the  public.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or 
more  than  five;  the  first  are  F.  R.  Simirs.  W.  M.  Rolpb,  and  R.  Scruby; 
remuneration,  £50  each  per  annum  and  a  percentage  of  the  prcfits.  Registered 
by  John  B.  and  F.  Purchase,  14,  Regent  Street,  8.W. 

Models,  Ltd.  (128.331). — This  company  was  reeistered  on  April 
14th,  with  a  c»pital  of  £10,000  in  400  preference  shares  of  £S  each,  and  8,000 
ordinary  shares  of  £1  pacli,  to  carry  on  the  business  of  njanufacturers  of 
mechanical  and  constructional  models,  including  locomotives,  railways,  steam 
and  small  internal  combustion  engines,  aeroplanes,  &c.,  and  to  adopt  an  agree- 
ment with  the  Models  Development  Syndicate,  Ltd.  The  subscribers  (with 
one  share  each)  are  :— A.  F.  Brough,  CO,  Mildred  Avenue,  Watford,  draughts- 
man;  J.  Crussell,  60,  Leavensden  Road,  Watford,  apprentice ;  W,  Cox,  85, 
Fleet  Street,  B.C.,  printers'  manager;  R.  Reis,  169,  Fordwych  Road,  Cric'kle- 
wood,  secretary;  R.  M.  Sutoliff,  "  Escendene,"  Cavendish  Road,  Button 
Surrey,  traveller :  Eveljne  B.  Evans,  57,  Bartholomew  Road,  Camden  Road' 
N.W.,  clerk;  H.  E.  Ryman,  42,  Springfield  Road,  Walihamsfow,  mechanic! 
Minimum  cash  subscription,  £1  000.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less 
than  three  or  more  than  nine  ;  the  first  are  K.  Cochrane-Holroyd,  A.  W.  Bond 
and  F.  Tibbey;  qualification  (except  first  directors),  £150;  remuneration 
(except  managing  director),  not  les<i  than  £25  or  more  than  £75  each  per  annum. 
Registered  by  R.  Reis,  169,  Fordwych  Road,  Cricklewood,  N.W. 

Lodge  Fnnie  Deposit  Co.,  Ltd.  (128,713).— This  company  was 

registered  on  May  2nd,  with  a  capital  of  £9,0C0  in  il  ..hares,  to  carry  on  the 
business  of  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  certain  appliances  used  in  con- 
nection with  an  invention  for  the  production  of  continuous  high  potential 
electrical  dipcharges  applicable  for  the  deposition  of  dust,  fume,  smoke,  fog 
and  mist  and  for  other  purposes,  with  the  exception  cf  such  purposes  as 
those  tor  which  the  Agricultural  Electric  Discharge  Co.,  Ltd.,  is  licensed. 
The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are :— F.  H.  Bretherton,  Belgrave 
Honse,  Gloucester,  solicitor;  Q.  Newman,  Sutton  House,  Howard  Street 
Gloucester,  corn  merchant ;  W.  F.  Newman,  85,  Park  End  Road,  Gloucester' 
traveller.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  lees  than 
two  or  more  than  seven  ;  the  first  are  Lionel  Lodge  and  Noel  Lodge,  both  of 
Mariemont,  Birmingham,  and  W.  F.  Newman,  85,  Park  End  Road,  Gloucester; 
qualification  500  shares;  remuneration  as  fixed  by  the  company;  solicitors' 
Champney,  Fream  &  Corke,  Gloucester.  Registered  by  Jordan  &  Sons,  Ltd  I 
116-7,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

Reflecting'  Glass  Letter  Co.,  Ltd.  (128.7.51).— This  company 

was  registered  on  May  2nd,  with  a  capital  of  £5,000  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on 
the  business  of  glass  workers,  sign  manufacturers,  electricians,  &o.,  and  to 
adopt  an  agreement  with  A.  Stubbs  and  C.  Persson.  The  subscribers  (with 
one  share  eacli)  are  :— M.  Selby,  46,  Tudor  Road,  Hackney,  N.E.,  clerk;  N.  C. 
Meredith,  69,  Tasman  Road,  Clapham,  8.W.,  clerk.  Private  company.  The 
number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  seven;  the 
subscribers  are  to  appoint  the  first  i  remuneration,  £25  each  per  annum  (£36 
extra  (or  cbairmaa).     Registered  ofilce,  6,  Eldon  Btieet,  E.C. 


•  n, 

Uftf, 

uachi 


£611,01  Jl),  In   £1    kimri'a.     Objncln  :  Tii  'any  nri  ll 

ripnirf.rH  and  l«mr8  on  hirn  i.t  and   Inali  r.i  in  «l. 

and  aural  InHtrnmiinl.,  gnnnralh,  and  to  adopt  ai. 

Elnolropliono   Co.   (Londnn).    Mil.      'i  hi.   nlKualorl.. 

»ro    -A.   Hawdnn,  Vork  Hill,  Loughun,  Kw«i,  >liirk  ;  C.  IViyli-,  Tl,  BUjon 

Road,   Hlralfrml,   clr.rk ;  MIm    A.   O.  .Ir,nr.»,  Hf.iith   Ncrw-i'-'l   HIM.  H  K. ;  MiM 

(1.  M.  Maud,  Maythorn,  i:h«|.lln  R. '    '        ''        '    "-'"C'd 

Road,  Kant  l'iiiclil<y,   N.,  rli.rk-.  M  ''"• 

Acton,  W.;  W.  J.   Kalcy,  74,  Manl.-  -tair. 

MinliFium    caHh   Bubscrlplion,  2f).iJin  /  ^" 

(to  bo  not  le«B  than  three  or  mi.m  Ihau  mvi  nj  art-  K,  ".  K'. 

(chairman),  M,  Li.lgham  Court  Ho»d,  Hlreaiham;  lyrfl  i  inb« 

Lodge,    Boxhnion-Hca;  P.   CUrko,  7,   Weilbournn   Htr-  '»'«. 

W.;  and  J.  Holl,  H5,  Fleet  Street,  B.C.;  qualification,  i,/--,  ■• '^j!™' 

i'2IO  each  per  annum  (obalrman,  £.03  lOi.  aztraj,    R«(litacr<l  oUiuo,  <^,  rl«*t 
Btroet,  E.C. 


E.  Bcckwitll  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (I28,.-.0'J).  — Thi-(  company  wan 
rrgistered  on  April  2ard,  with  a  capital  of  £500  In  £B  fharfi,  to  carry  on  tba 
business  of  electrical  engineers  and  contractors,  founders,  mechanical,  •team, 
gas,  petrol,  motor  and  sanitary  engineers,  manufacturers  of  agricultural  Imple- 
ments, Ac,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  H.  E.  Bcckwith,  P.  T.  Porter  and 
W.  H.  Sugden.  The  subsciibers  (with  one  share  each)  are  .— H.  E.  Beckwlth, 
45,  Luton  Road,  Barking,  electrical  engineer;  F.  T.  Porter,  l.>.  Ripple  Road, 
Barking,  electrical  engineer.  Private  company.  The  numbi  r  of  Oirectors  i« 
not  to  be  less  than  two  or  mere  than  five  ;  the  first  are  H.  E.  Bf  ckwlth  and 
F.  T.  Porter;  tiualiHcation,  f.W;  remumeration  as  flied  by  the  company. 
Registered  ofBoe,  3,  Chester  Terrace,  Longbridge  Road,  Barking. 

Pr.>ston    Portable    Battery   and   Lamp,   Ltd.  (128.026).— 

This  company  was  registered  on  April  28th,  with  a  capital  of  £2,000  In  £1 
shares,  to  adopt  an  agreemr  nt  with  J.  E.  Preston  lor  i  he  acquisition  of  an 
invention  for  improvements  in  galvanic  batteries.  The  subscribers  (with  one 
share  each)  are— A.  C.Warwick,  68,  Denman  Road,  Peckham,  BE.,  law 
clerk;  W.  Sullivan,  43,  Dunmow  Road  Fouth,  Leyton,  N.E.,  law  clerk. 
Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more 
than  five  ;  the  first  are  W.  E.  Morum  (chairman),  J.  B.  Preeton,  H.  VielleviUe, 
and  A.  W.  Pask.  Registered  by  H.  Dade  &  Co.,  14,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.C. 

New  English  Glass    Mann  fad  iirers,  Ltd.  (128.746).— This 

company  was  registered  on  May  2nd,  with  a  capital  of  £12,000  in  £1  shares,  to 
carry  on  the  business  of  glass  manufacturers  and  workers,  mirror  manu- 
facturers, bottle  makers,  makers  cf  electrical  appliances,  &c.  The  subscribers 
(With  one  share  each)  are  :— A.  F.  Prince,  190,  High  Street,  Dudley,  licensing 
officer  ;  8.  Pearson.  6,  Charles  Street,  West  Bromwich,  bottle  manufacturer. 
Priviite  companv.  The  number  of  diiectors  is  not  to  be  les.«  than  two  of  ™o" 
than  six,  the  first  are  to  be  .appointed  by  the  sub?cribcrs  ;  qualification,  £100  ; 
remuneration  as  fixed  by  the  company.  Solicitor,  J.  1).  Harward,  Stourbridge. 
Registered  by  Waterlow  Bros,  and  Layton,  Ltd.,  Birchin  Lane.  E  C. 

Structural  Patents,  Ltd.  (l28.7.-j4).—This  company  was  repis- 

tered  on  May  2nd,  with  a  capital  of  £10  000  in  £1  shares  (5,000  pref.),  to  carry 
on  the  bftsiness  cf  electric,  mechanical,  constructional,  marine  and  general 
engineers,  shipbuilders  and  repairers,  founders,  4c. ,  to  ac quire  the  rights  under 
Patent  No.  8,487,  of  1904,  granted  to  J.  Lilliehook.  The  subscribers  (with  one 
share  each)  are  :— T.  E.  Samuels,  23,  Bramston  Road,  Harlesden,  N.W.,  clerk ; 
D.  Macauley,  3,  Lambton  House,  Fcrless  Road,  N.W.,  secretary.  Private 
company.  Table  "A"  mainly  applies.  Registered  by  Jordan  4  Sons,  Ltd., 
116-7,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 


CoREECTiON.— In  our  issue  of  April  26th,  page  691,  the  name  of  a  new  com- 
pany wae  incorrectly  given  as  Electric  Cuokert,  Lid.  It  should  have  re*a 
Ct/lectiic  Cookers,  Ltd. 


OFFICIAL    RETURNS    OF    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES'. 


General  Electric   Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.— A  memorandum  of 

satisfaction  of  debentures,  dated  June  30th,  1896,  securing  £15,000,  has  been 
filed.  Statement  under  Sec.  12  of  1907  Act,  old  charges  outstanding  on 
July  Ist,  1908;  now  first  registered :- 4  per  cent,  first  mortage  debentures, 
dated  June  80th,  1896,  securing  £15,000. 

Particulars  of  £15,000  debentures,  created  February  l!th,  1913,  filed  pursnant 
to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies'  (Consolidation)  .\ct,  19C8,  the  amount  of  the 
present  issue  being  £11,000.  Property  charged  ;  The  company's  undertaking 
and  property,  present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.     No  trustees. 

Eraser  &  Chalmers,  Ltd.— Particulars  of  £100,000  deben- 
tures, created  February  6th.  and  secured  by  trust  deed  dated  March  14th, 
1913,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies' (Consolidation)  Act,  19C8, 
the  amount  of  the  present  issue  beirg  £50,000.  Property  charged  :  The  con  - 
pany's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and  future,  including  uncalled 
capital  and  certain  freehold  and  leasehold  lands  at  Erith.  Tiusteee; 
Exploration  Co  ,  Ltd.,  11,  Cornhill,  E.C. 

Egerton  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Capital,  £2,000  in  £1  shares.      Return 

dated  February  19lh,  1913.  1,511  shares  taken  np.  £1,511  paid.  Mortgages 
and  charges :    Nil. 

Borland,  ILngedorn  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Particulars  of  £120  deben- 

(mres  created  March  1st,  1913,  tiled  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies' 
(Consolidation)  Act,  1908,  the  whole  amount  being  now  issued.  Property 
charged:  The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and  future, 
including  uncalled  capital.    No  trustees. 

Reform  Lisrhting  Co.,  Ltd.— Debenture  dated  March  26th, 
1903,  to  secure  £2,750  charged  on  the  company's  undertaking  and  property, 
present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.  Holders:  J.  T.  /^immermann 
and  Mrs.  C.  A.  Zimmermann,  8t.  Moritz,  Villiera  Avenue,  Surbiton. 

Cambridge  Electric  Tramways  Syndicate,   Ltd.— Capital. 

£5,000  in  £10  shares;  return  dated  March  6th,  1913,  lu7  shares  taken  up; 
£9  Os.  4M.  per  share  called  up  on  90  shares,  £10  on  10  shares,  and  nothing  on 
seven  shares,  £911  13e.  Id.  paid.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 


774 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,85(1,  May  9,  1913. 


United  Sheraidizingrj  Ltd.— Chanre  created  by  Receiver,  on 

company's  property,  r'fient  and  future  (in  priority  to  debentures),  dated  May 
13th,  13)3.  to  ffcurc  not  more  than  £1.".0.  Holder:  W.J.  Halsey,  23,  Queen 
Anne's  Gate,  Westminster,  S.W. 

Banbury  and  District  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.— Parti- 
culars of  delieotures  for  an  amount  not  exceeding  half  tbe  issued  capital  6t 
the  company,  created  December  2nd,  1912,  filed  pursuant  to  8ec  93  (3)  of  the 
Companies"  (Consolidation)  Act,  19C8;  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being 
£4,500.  Properly  charged  The  company's  undertaking  and  properly,  present 
and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.    No  trustees, 

A  roomonndum  of  satisfaction  in  full  on  March  26th,  191M,  ol  debentures, 
dated  December  30th,  1910,  securing  i'l.eOO,  has  been  filed. 

City  of  Bncnos  Avres  Tramways  Co.  (1{)(>4)  Ltd.  (•52,214)  — 

Capital  J:1,240.(XX)  in  £b  shares,  Keturn  d»ied  February  a7th.  1913;  all 
shares  Uken  up ;  £1,240,000  paid.     Mortgages  and  charges  :  £174,000, 

South  London  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd.— Iseueon 

April  1st,  1913,  of  £1,400  debglfcurcs  part' of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have 
already  been  filed,  ^^ 

Paigrnton  Electric  Light  and    Power  Co.,   Ltd.— Ifsneon 

April  7th,  1913,  of  £500  debentures,  part  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have 
already  been  filed, 

Pearson  &  Co\,  Ltd. —Particulars  of  £750  debentures,  created 

February  llih,  1913,  hied  pursuant  to  Bee.  93  i,S)  of  the  Companies'  (Consolida- 
tion) Act,  190>8,  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being  £175,  Property 
charged :  Tbe  company's  undertaking  and  properly,  present  and  future, 
including  uncalled  capital.    No  trustees, 

Northampton  Electric   Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— Issue 

on  March  '38th  ol  £6,515,  and  on  April  1st,  1913,  of  £100  debentures,  parts  of  a 
series  of  which  particulars  have  already  been  filed. 

Electrical  Power  Storage  Co.,  Ltd.,— Issue  on  April   lOth, 

1913,  of  £5,000  debentures,  part  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have  already 
beea  filed. 

Brown  &  Parsons,  Ltd.— Particulars  of   £1,000   debentures, 

created  March  Hth,  1913,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec,  93  (3i  of  the  Companies'  (Con- 
solidation) Act,  1908,  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being  £025,  Property 
charged :  The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and  future, 
including  uncalled  capital.    No  trustees, 

British    Mica    Co.,    Ltd.    C72,1S7).— Capital.   £6,000   in   £1 

shares  (  2,000  pref,)  Return  dated  March  17lh,  1913;  2,006  ord,  and  629  pref, 
shares  taken  up  ;  £1  per  share  called  up  on  629  pref, :  £629  paid  ;  £2,000  con- 
sidered as  paid  on  2,000  ord,  shares.      Mortgages  and  charges  .  Nil, 

Bastian  Meter  Co.,  Ltd.  (,^)S,.S04~).— Capiui,  £20,23.5  lOs.,  in 

8,000  preference  shares  of  £1,  and  68,942  ordinary  shares  of  6s,  each. 
Return  dated  Match  0th,  1913.  2,011  preference  and  .39,672  ord  inary  shares 
taken  op,  5s  per  share  called  up  on  4,272  ordinary  and  £1  on  2,011  preference 
shares,  £3,082  lOj,  paid,  including  £3  lOi.  paid  on  forfeited  shares,  £8  850  con- 
sidered as  paid  on  35,400  ordinary  shares.    MortgaRCS  and  '.hargea  :  £3,450. 

Bastian  k  Partners,  Ltd.  (77,t501).— Capital,  £2,.o00  in    al 

shares.  Return  dated  December  31st,  191'2,  all  shares  taken  up,  £907  paid, 
£1,593  considered  at  paid.     Mortgages  and  charges  :  £3,325. 

Cambridgo  Electric    Supply    Co.,    Ltd.  (31.4.57)  —  Capital, 

£l'0.C00  in  ilO  shares.  Return  dated  March  llth,  1913,  9.423  shares  taken  up, 
£9  par  share  called  up,  £?4,807  paid,  A  list  of  allotments'  (filed  March  27th) 
shows  a  further  363  shares  allotted  for  cash  at  £1  premium.  Mortgages  and 
charges  £30,000  first  debentures,  also  one  debenture,  with  the  Capital  and 
L'junties  bank.  Ltd,,  to  cover  £15.000, 

Switchgear    &  Cowans,   Ltd.— Particulars   of   £3,000    "IV 

debentures,  created  December  llih,  1912,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (S)  of  the 
Companies'  (Consolidation)  Act.  1906;  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being 
£250.  Property  charged  :  The  company's  property,  present  and  future, 
inclnding  uncalled  capital.     No  trustees, 

Rawlings  Bros.,  Ltd.— I^sue  on  April  llth,  1913,  of  £1,4:!7 

debentures,  part  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have  already  beep  filed. 

Mexican  Fuel  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— Issue  on  April  sth,  1913, 

of  £850  debentures,  part  ol  a  series  of  which  particulars  have  already  been 

I.   Frankenburg  k    Sons.  Ltd.  (67,88!0.— Capittil,  £2.50,0(;O 

in  £10  shares  112,500  pref).  Return  dated  February  7th.  1913  ;  11,323  ord,  and 
10.010  pref.  shares  taken  up:  £10  per  share  called  up  on  1,823  ord,  and  10  pref. ; 
£18,830  paid  :  £95,000  considered  as  paid  on  9,,500  ord,  and  £100,000  on  10,0C0 
pref.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  £15,000. 

Key  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.  (7<;.4. -.;•). —Capital  e.5,ooo  in  £1 

shares  (7  defd).  Return  dated  November  7th,  1912  (filed  April  10th,  1913; 
4,070  ord,  and  7  defd.  eliares  taken  up  ;  £4,077  paid.    Mortgages  and  charges  : 

Electric  Wiring   and  Fittings  (  o.,  Ltd.  (2',i,fi7ii) —Capital, 

£5,000  in  £1  shares;  return  dated  February  24th,  1913:  1,382  shares  taken 
up,    £1,375  paid,  leaving  £7  in  arrears,     Mortpages  and  charges  :  Nil. 

Hove  Electric  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd.  (3»;,942).— Capital,  £100,000 

in  £5  shares  (6,000  pref.) :  return  dated  April  Jnd,  1913,  all  shares  taken  up  : 
£100,000  paid.     Mortgages  and  charges  :  £44,600, 

Hart  Accumulator  Co.,  Ltd.  (60,059),— Capital,  £lio,(iOOin£l 

shares  (20,000  pref,).  Return  dated  April  2nd,  1913;  87,060  ord.  and  7,059  pref, 
shares  taken  up  ;  £1  per  share  called  up  on  31,352  ord,  and  7,069  pref.  shares  ; 
£3H,411  paid  ;  £.''>5,70t^  considered  ni  p»id  on  .55,708  ord,  shares,  MortgBEes  and 
charges     Nil. 

Electrical  and  Industrial  Investment   Co.,  Ltd Acknow 

ledgement  of  indebtedness,  dated  April  18th,  1913  (given  under  trust  deed 
dated  August  12th,  1912),  to  secure  £«J,000  debenture  stock,  ranking  pari  y.oj.i, 
with  £100,000  debenture  stock  issued  under  trust  deed,  charged  on  company's 
undertaking  and  property,  present  and  future.  Trustees  :  Electric  and  Oencral 
Investment  Co.,  L.td,,  1-2,  Great  Winchester  Street,  E,C, 

X.  L.  Electric  Co.,  Ltd,— Debenture,  dated  April  let,  l',iI3, 
to  secure  £101,  charged  on  company's  undertaking  and  property,  inoladed  un- 
called or  unpaid  capital.  Holder:  Capt.  C.  Wc°Der,  Ewell  Castle.  Ewell, 
Surrey, 

AcJiroyd  k    Best,  Ltd.— Issue  on  March  20th,  1913,  of  £100 

debentures,  part  of  a  setna  of  which  particulars  have  already  been  filed. 

Imperial  Light,  Ltd.— Issue  on   April  12th,  1913,  of  £1,000 

debentures,  part  of  a  series  o(  wl.ich  particulars  liave  already  been  filed. 

Electromobile  Co.,  Ltd.— Issue  on   April   23rd,  1913,  of  £459 

debentures,  part  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have  already  been  filed. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Ranjroon  Electric  TraniMay  and  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors"  report  that  the  amount  of  debenture  stock  available 
for  future  issue  is  £28,342.  Durir^r  the  year  to  December  Slst  the 
rompany's  cars  travelled  l,4t)2,2>.".  miles,  apainst  1,447,118  miles  in 
I'.'U,  an  increase  of  l.->,lfi7  miles,  and  carried  10,638.328  passengers, 
aeainst  9,5(>9,922,  an  increase  of  1,0(^3,406  ;  the  receipts  were 
Rs,  8,90,340,88  compared  -with  Rs,  8, 12,(i33,  an  increase  of  Rs, 
4  8,306,  or  5'73  per  cent.  In  the  private  liphting  and  power  depart- 
ment the  gross  receipts  for  current  supplied  of  all  descriptions 
amounted  to  Re,  4.80,232,  as  compared  with  Rs.  3,89,710  in  1911, 
an  increase  of  2323  per  cent. :  the  working  expenses  were  4510 
per  cent,  of  the  receipts,  as  against  46'13  per  cent,  for  the 
previous  year.  The  gross  receipts  of  the  house  wiring  and 
supply  department  amounted  to  Rs.  1,64,571,  against  Rs.  1,78,671 
in  1911  ;  although  a  slight  decrease  is  shown  in  the  total  takings, 
the  profit  was  Rs.  2,846  in  excess  of  1911,  due  to  an  improved 
system  of  working  in  this  department  and  the  increase  in  the 
demand  for  electrical  articles  of  daily  utility.  The  report,  as  given 
in  the  Fhiamifr,  says  that  the  general  improvement  thus  shown 
is  due,  first,  to  the  cessation  of  the  economic  disturbances  that  were 
severely  felt  in  Burmah  during  1911,  and,  secondly,  to  a  healthy 
expansion  observable  in  the  company's  operations.  The  srross 
profits  were  f,'i(),79:{.  Interest  on  debenture  stock  absorbed  <8,',i50  : 
provision  for  redemption  of  debenture  stock,  £5,481  :  depreciation 
on  meters,  uniforms,  ,Vc,,  in  Rangoon,  C973  :  transfer  to  reserve 
for  renewals,  £12,500:  transfer  to  special  reserve  account  for 
cables,  &c.,  £3,000;  fees  for  directors,  managing  director  and 
trustees,  and  expenses  in  London,  £2,218  :  (leaving  i23, 872,  plus 
amount  brought  forward,  £728,  making  £24,601,  Deduct  prefer- 
ence dividenil  to  December  31st,  1912,  .<  15,000;  leaving  available 
for  dividend  on  ordinary  shares,  i;9,601.  The  directors  recom- 
mend a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  of  5  per  tjent,,  for  the 
year,  free  of  income-tax,  absorbing  £8,8.50,  and  carrying  forward 
*:751. 


Uillans  i^:   Robinson,  Ltd,  and  Reduced, 

Mb.  J.  C.  Peache  (chairman)  presided  on  Tue.«day.  at  the  Cannon 
Street  Hotel,  E.G.,  over  the  ordinary  general  meeting  of  this 
company. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  page  735),  the  Chair- 
.M  AN  said  they  met  that  day  under  the  revised  articles  of  association. 
Since  the  original  interests  of  the  shareholders  were  no'w  represented 
by  the  "  B  "'  preference  stock,  the  result  of  the  half-year's  working 
was  of  interest  to  them  chiefly  in  regard  to  its  bearing  on  the  ability 
of  the  company  to  meet  the  dividentl  obligations  on  that  stock.  The 
result  for  the  half-year  was  a  small  profit  of  £154,  not  in  itself  a 
subject  for  congratulation,  but  it  was  an  encouraging  indication  for 
the  future.  This  improvement  was  in  the  main  due  to  the 
increased  business  obtained  towards  the  end  of  1911  and  during  the 
year  1912,  thus  keeping  the  shops  more  fully  emplqyed  than  had 
been  the  case  for  some  time  past,  and  making  possible  an  increased 
output  in  the  half-year  now  being  considered,  -with  the  accompanying 
marked  improvement  in  the  accounts  which  that  half-year  showed. 
In  regard  to  the  future,  the  progress  made  since  .lanuary  1st 
pointed  to  a  continuation  and  extension  of  this  improvement.  A 
further  satisfactory  volume  of  orders  had  been  obtained,  and  the 
output  of  the  works  ccmtinued  to  be  good.  The  Diesel  engine 
business  was  extending  in  a  most  satisfactory  manner,  and  this 
extension  had  been  especially  marked  since  the  opening  of  the 
present  year.  It  was  too  early  to  speak  of  the  effect  of  recon- 
struction on  the  actual  work  of  the  bu8ines8,ifor  until  the  confirma- 
tion of  the  Court  was  obtained  last  month,  no  step  could  be  taken 
in  bringing  the  new  connection  into  operation,  and  beyond  the 
taking  up  of  the  agreed  proportion  of  ordinary  share  capital,  the 
incoming  parties  had  not  as  yet  been  in  a  position  to  actively 
foster  the  business,  although  small  orders  had  already  been  received 
from  that  source.  The  reconstruction  had,  however,  indirectly 
been  of  material  benefit  to  the  company.  As  an  example,  he  might 
mention  that  two  important  contracts  running  into  some  £50.000 
had  recently  been  obtained,  the  orders  being  placed  with  the  com- 
pany, subject  to  the  reconstruction  scheme  passing  the  Court. 
That  was  to  say,  had  the  reconstruction  scheme  failed  to  go 
through  the  company  would  have  lost  these  two  important  con- 
tracts. This  fact  emphasised  the  urgent  need  there  was  of  the 
reconstruction.  There  was  every  indication  that  the  dividend 
requirements  of  the  "  15  '  stock  would  lie  met  as  they  fell  due,  and, 
indeed,  the  directors  had  reason  to  lielieve  that  the  obligations  on 
the  "  B  "  stock  would  he  more  than  covered — a  matter  of  especial 
interest  to  the  shareholders  in  that  the  "B  '  stock  was  also 
entitled  to  one-tenth  of  -surplus  profits,  Iq  the  circular  accom- 
panying the  report  and  accounts,  the  directors  had  called 
the  shareholders'  attention  to  the  issue  of  £80,000  "A" 
preference  capital,  with  its  attendant  right  to  acquire  ordinary  shares. 
This  "A  ''  stock  was  offered,  in  the  first  instance,  to  \V.  \:  R.  share- 
holders, and  the  offer  was  an  advantageous  one.  The  issue  ranked 
next  to  the  debenture  issues,  and  a  reserve  fund  equal  to  one  year's 
dividend  on  both  the  "  A  "  and  "  B  '  stock  had  to  be  created  and 
maintained  before  the  ordinary  shares  received  more  than  a 
nominal  Jividend  ;  also  the  total  of  the  "  A  "  capital  being  limited 
to  £30,000,  there  should  be  no  difficulty  in  meeting  the  dividend 
requirements.  He  should  remind  them  that  this  issue  of  "A" 
capital  carried  with  it  the  right  to  take  up  20  per  cent,  of  the  1b. 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,«.M>,  May  9,  19i;(.  ] 


Tin-;   i<:LK(;rjii('Ai.   i;i:\ii:\v. 


11  h 


ordinary  BharoH.  TheRe  ordinary  sharoH  were  entitled  to  all  xurplui 
pro&tH  after  the  diviilondH  on  thn  two  profiirenoo  ntoclcH  hiul  been 
met.  W.  ik  11.  HliiircholdcrH  tliiiH  hail  thu  opimrtunity  of  H3ciiriii(f 
an  intorpdt  in  the  prosperity  which  there  waH  every  reuHon  to  hope 
would  tall  to  the  lot  of  the  company  in  the  future.  The  preHcnt 
nieetinj;  thout;h  held  uniler  the  revised  articleH — munt  be  looked 
upon  UK  a  trnnHition  mectinf;,  since  it  dealt  with  a  period  comintr 
under  the  previous  constitution.  Meotintrs  in  the  future  would  be 
held  annually  instead  of  half-yearly,  and  the  next  meetintr,  which 
would  bo  held  in  the  sprinp  of  I'.IM,  would  deal  with  the  Brst 
complete  year's  accounts  of  the  reconstituted  company. 

Mh.  F.  11.  1)A\  KM'Oiir  (manaffini;  director),  in  secondinjf  tke 
motion,  said  he  would  like  to  endorse  what  Mr.  Peache  had  said 
rep-ardinir  the  improvement  shown  in  the  last  half-year.  The  addi- 
tional work  produced  and  invoiced  in  that  period  was  the  fruit  of 
orders  secured  in  the  previous  six  or  12  months.  Most  of  these 
orders,  he  need  hardly  say,  were  obtained  with  no  little  difficulty 
in  view  of  their  weak  position,  but  the  pursuit  of  these  in  the  face 
of  such  dilliculty  was  now  brintrinu  its  reward.  The  contracts  and 
orders  more  recently  secured  were  of  an  improved  character,  and 
he  had  every  reason  for  thinkinp:  that  the  current  year's  output 
would  be  a  jjood  one,  and  would  yield  a  return  on  the  reduced 
capital,  which  would  be  satisfactory.  Steam  turbine  plants  for  the 
production  of  power  on  a  large  scale  would  remain  the  company's 
principal  product,  but  the  Diesel  oil-enpine  trade  was  steadily 
increasinir,  and  the  policy  of  releasinp  themselves  from  the  position 
of  manufacturiner  a  limited  number  of  engines  for  another  party 
to  sell,  which  they  would  recollect  prevailed  for  some  time,  had 
proved  itself  to  be  a  good  one.  Contractine:  direct  with  the  cus- 
tomer as  they  did  now,  they  were  establishinn  an  excellent  record 
for  reliable  and  accurate  work,  so  essential  in  Diesel  business,  which 
could  not  fail  to  be  an  advantage  in  the  future.  At  present  they 
confined  themselves  to  the  land  issues  of  the  engine,  but  were  ready, 
if  conditions  warranted  it,  to  start  the  building  of  certain  marine 
types,  for  which,  in  years  to  come,  there  would  be  a  great  demand. 
Apart  from  these  two  most  staple  lines  of  production,  they  were 
extending  the  range  of  their  manufactures  and  looked  forward  to 
including  in  that  range  business  due  to  the  "  interests  which 
animate  the  reconstruction  scheme."  In  conclusion,  he  would 
remind  them  that  the  greatest  asset  they  possessed  to-day  was  the 
renewed  confidence  on  the  part  not  only  of  those  they  sold  to,  but  also 
of  those  they  bought  for,  without  which  no  business  could  succeed  ; 
and  it  followed  from  the  scheme  of  capital  arrangement  which  the 
shareholders  recently  agreed  to.  He  very  much  hoped  that  the 
present  shareholders  would  avail  themselves  of  the  opportunity  of 
taking  up  a  portion  of  the  new  capital,  so  as  to  share  in  the  improved 
outlook  for  the  future. 

The^report  was  adopted  without  discussion,  and  the  auditors  having 
been  re-elected,  the  proceedings  terminated. 


National  Telephone  €o.  (in  Liquidation). 

A  GENERAL  meeting  of  the  members  of  the  above  company  was 
held  on  May  1st  at  Hamilton  House,  Temple  Avenue,  E.G.,  Mr. 
George  Franklin  (the  liquidator)  presiding. 

The  Chaibman  said  it  appeared  to  him  that  the  usual  practice 
of  calling  shareholders  together  and  merely  telling  them  what  had 
been  done  would  not  be  sufficient  in  a  company  of  the  size  and  im- 
portance of  that,  and,  therefore,  they  had  circulated  the  report  and 
accounts.  Dealing  with  the  first  complete  year  of  the  liquidation 
from  January  26th,  1912,  to  January  2.")th,  1913,  the  principal 
items  were  the  receipt  of  the  three  millions  in  cash  on  account  of 
the  purchase  money  and  four  millions  in  Exchequer  bonds,  which 
only  realised  £3,718,419.  Their  interest  from  the  Postmaster- 
General's  investments  realised  an  amount  of  £57."), 808.  The 
receipts  from  those  amounts  enabled  them  to  discharge  the  entire 
amount  of  the  debenture  stock,  the  three  kinds  of  preference  shares 
and  the  preferred  stock.  It  also  enabled  them  to  pay  the  pre- 
mium of  5  per  cent,  on  the  preferred  stock,  and  there  had 
been  arbitration  and  liquidation  expenses  amounting  to 
,f  11 3.000.  On  January  :.'5th  last  £8,709  of  dividends  remained 
uncollected  by  the  owners,  and  he  was  sorry  to  say  that  £.5,500 
still  remained  uncollected.  Coming  to  the  realisation  account,  the 
total  assets  were  i;  17,421,393.  They  had  to  deduct  from  that  the 
reserve  funds  which  the  company  had  providfd  amounting  to 
£4,646,914,  and  there  were  special  reserves  and  other  provisions 
which  the  company  had  made,  but  which  were  not  required,  which 
amounted  to  another  £30."), 131,  so  that  they  had  a  total  of 
£4,951,075  of  referves  to  deduct  from  the  total  assets.  That  left 
them  with  £12,470,318,  as  against  the  amount  of  the  award  by  the 
Railway  and  Canal  Commission  of  i:  12,515.264.  If  they  added  to 
the  amount  of  the  award  the  sum  realised  from  investments, 
sundry  debtors,  and  cash  in  hand,  they  were  able  to  carry  forward 
a  balance  of  £074,755.  To  that  should  be  added  certain  receipts  by 
way  of  interest  from  the  Postmaster-General,  both  interest  paid 
and  interest  which  they  hoped  was  still  to  be  paid,  and  the 
estimated  value  of  other  assets  not  yet  recovered,  making  up  a  total 
of  £990,539.  From  that  they  proposed  to  take  off  arbitration  and 
liquidation  expenses  paid  amounting  to  -t  71,600,  and  the  estimated 
balance  of  disbursement  by  the  Postmaster-General  on  behalf  of 
the  company  up  to  January  25th  last,  estimated  at  -t  30,000, 
making  a  total  of  £101,600.  Then  came  the  premium 
of  5  per  cent,  on  the  re  •  payment  of  the  preferred 
stock,  <11 1,250  ;  and  interest  on  debentures,  .£8,638. 
The  loss  on  the  realisation  of  the  Exchequer  bonds  amounted  to 
£281,580,  and  the  further  estimated  loss  on  bonds  yet  to  be  realised 
amounted  to  £350.000,  giving  a  total  of  £631,580.  The  estimated 
surplus  available,  subject,  of  course  to  the  liquidator  succeeding  in 


the  appi^al  of  which  notice  had  h««n  k'i^o  by  tha  Po«tmm«t«r- 
General,  wan  £137,470.  Iteferrinjr  to  th«  loM  on  the  Exchequer 
bonds,  he  said  that  by  the  purohaM!  sifreemcnt  of  l'<*Of)  the  P'Hit- 
iiiaHtcr-(;erieriil  had  the  option  of  paying  three- fourthn  of  the 
purchase- money  awanled  by  the  arbitrators  in  the  form  of  what 
were  oalleil  terminable  annuiticK.  The  annuities  were  exchanired 
into  Exehei|uer  bonds  because  they  (.iclievfd  they  were  a  more 
marketable  form  of  security  than  the  annuitieH  would  have  tiren, 
und  the  present  position  was  entirely  due  to  the  fall  in  the  value  of 
Government  securities  since  the  ilafe  of  the  piirehaw;  mreenimt. 
In  1905  the  highest  price  of  Consols  was  90,|  and  the  lowest  ^'f.J  ; 
to-day  the  price  of  Consols  was  7I,"„.  The  Postmanter-Gfrneral  had 
been  constantly  urged  that  he  ought  not  to  exercis<;  his  option 
under  the  agreement  because  of  this  injustice  to  the  company.  They 
contended  that  the  award  meant  value  ;  and,  in  the  second  place, 
it  was  contrary  to  the  intention  of  the  agreement  when  made, 
because,  if  (Government  securities,  instead  of  diminishing  so  rapidly 
in  value  as  they  had  done,  had  ri  len  in  value,  they  felt  sure  that 
the  Postmaster  -  General  would  certainly  not  have  exercifed 
his  option,  and  given  them  thoHc  Kxchequer  bondB.  With 
the  Postmaster- (ieneral  it  had  been  a  case  of  "  headu  I 
win  and  tails  you  lose.'  However,  the  Postmanter-General  had 
insisted  on  the  exercise  of  hi-s  option,  but  he  had  consented  in 
response  to  representations  to  the  issue  of  those  Exchequer  bonds 
which  were  a  more  marketable  form  of  security.  He  might  tell 
them  that  nearly  17  per  cent,  of  the  award  was  swallowed  up  by 
that  loss.  He  had  heard  comments  as  to  the  discrepancy  between 
the  large  sum  which  the  company  claimed,  and  the  amount  which 
was  awarded.  It  they  took  the  total  plant  value  comprised  in 
what  were  known  as  headings  I  and  4  of  the  company's  claim,  they 
had  an  estimated  sum  of  about  C  I  l,:i00,000,  against  the  amount 
awarded  by  the  Court  for  plant  value,  £10,239,345.  If  they  took 
the  overhead  charges — and  it  was  there  where  the  company  bad 
greatly  suffered — the  claim  amounted  to  £8,964,851,  whereas  the 
sum  awarded  was  £3,335,974.  As  to  depreciation,  the  company 
allowed  £2,633,245  on  their  total  claim,  and  the  Court  awarded  a 
depreciation  of  £3,115,523  upon  the  amount  awarded.  They  had  a 
total  claim  of  £20,924,700,  and  the  total  amount  awarded  by  the 
Court  was  £12,515,264.  The  company's  claim  was  equal  to 
£37  58.  6d.  per  station,  including  land  and  buildings,  and 
the  amount  awarded  was  £22  5s.  lid.  per  station.  In 
the  House  of  Commons  the  Postmaster-General  congratulated 
Parliament  that  the  arbitration  was  over,  but  he  had  evidently 
forgotten  that  he  himself  had  given  notice  of  an  appeal  on  certain 
points.  After  3 1  years  of  existence  a  great  business,  with  a  gross 
income  of  nearly  £4,000,000  a  year,  had  passed  over  to  the  State. 
The  shareholders,  during  the  company's  life,  had  never  received 
more,  and  had  often  received  less,  than  6  per  cent,  per  annum,  and 
in  the  end,  so  far  as  they  could  see  it  now,  the  capital  only  might 
possibly  be  all  that  would  be  repaid  to  the  shareholders.  It  was 
not  an  encouragement  to  invest  in  enterprises  where  the  State  had 
the  right  to  purchase.  He  was  quite  sure  that  the  company  and 
its  officers  had  no  occasion  for  reproach.  At  the  outset,  the  State 
insisted  that  the  telephone  was  a  telegraph,  of  which  it  had  a 
monopoly.  The  State  having  granted  a  licence,  and  the  company 
having  provided  the  capital  and  ventured  upon  the  enterprise,  it 
had  been  subjected  to  the  monstrous  injustice  of  competition,  the 
payment  of  an  exorbitant  royalty,  and  the  refusal  of  proper  privi- 
leges wherewith  to  carry  on  its  business,  which  was  the  business  of 
the  public.  The  history  of  the  company  was  of  one  continuous 
struggle  against  iniquitous  restrictions,  taxation,  oppression  and 
difficulties.  ,  The  chairman,  in  concluding,  said  that  there  was  no 
resolution  to  propose  to  the  meeting,  but  he  would  be  pleased  to 
answer  any  questions. 

In  replying  to  shareholders,  the  Chaihmas  said  that,  with  refer- 
ence to  a  distribution  on  the  deferred  shares,  that  depended  upon 
the  result  of  the  appeal  of  which  the  Postmaster-General  had  given 
notice.  When  that  was  decided,  they  could  proceed  to  make  up  the 
accounts. 


Stock  £.\chano:e  Notices. — Applications  Lave  been 
made  to  the  Committee  to  appoint  a  special  settling  day  in — 

Letters  Patent  Insurance  Co.,  Ltd.— 22,148  ordinary  sharee  of  Is.  each,  full 
paid  (Nos.  )  to  19,5-t8  and  294,549  to  297,148). 

London  and  Suburban  Traction  Co..  Ltd. — 1,411,409  ordinary  shares  of  .£1 
each,  (ullT  paid  (Nos.  1  to  1,411,409) ;  1,018,178  .'>  per  cent,  cumulaiive  preference 
shares  of  £1  each,  fully  paid  (No8.  1  to  1,018.17S) ;  and  £144,441  44  per  cent,  first 
mortgage  debenture  stock. 

And  to  allow  the  following  securitie.''  to  be  quoted  in  the  OfiBcial 
List  :  — 

Central  London  Railway.— i:l,423,839  guaranteed  assented  cdinary  stock, 
£460.976  guaranteed  assented  preferred  stock,  and  -l'609,499  guaranteed 
assented  deferred  stock,  in  lieu  of  similar  amounts  of  ordinary,  preferred  and 
deferred  stock. 

Pennsylvania  Water  and  Power  Co.-  ?8.495,C0(1  capital  stock  in  shares  ol 
$100  each, 

Crajffpark   Electric  Cable  Co..  Ltd.  —  The  accounts 

for  the  year  ended  March,  1912.  show  a  net  profit  of  t;  7.437,  plus 
£191  brought  forward,  making  i:7,628.  The  directors  recommend 
that  there  be  placed  to  depreciation  off  buildings  and  machinery, 
£1,800;  dividend  on  4  7,500  6  per  cent,  preference  share?.  £2,850; 
dividend  on  37,50ii  ordinary  shares,  at  5  per  cent.,  for  the  year, 
£1,875  :  balance  of  cost  of  new  issue  of  preference  shares,  £183  : 
balance  to  be  carried  forward  (subject  to  payment  of  directors'  fees 
for  the  past  year),  £920.  The  directors  report  the  continued  steady 
expansion  of  the  company's  business.  All  departments  are  fully 
employed,  and  the  number  and  value  of  orders  in  hand  aie  satis- 
factory. The  stocks  have  been  carefully  gone  over  by  the  managing 
director,  and  are  certified  by  him  as  being  correct. 
The  meeting  is  called  for  May  12th  at  Glasgow 


776 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol  72.     No.  1,850,  May  9,  1913. 


£U2,sm 


Chiswick  Electricity  Snpply  Corporation,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December,  1912,  says  that 
the  returns  from  the  undertakinifs  ownfd  by  the  Corporation  at 
Chiswick  and  Aberystwyth  show  good  progress,  and  the  increase 
in  the  number  of  consumers  added  during  the  year  is  satisfactory. 
l>uring:  the  year  £2,634  has  been  expended  on  capital  account  for 
machinery,  mains,  services,  .V:c.  *;61.")  has  been  written  off  for 
depreciation,  and  it  is  proposed  to  place  a  further  Kb'A't  to  depre- 
ciation reserve  fund  account,  making  a  total  contribution  for  the 
year,  t"  1,150. 

Total  liabilitiee 

At  Nombor  of  on  share  and 

Daoember.        consDmers.         Revenue.  Proflts.         loan  account. 

1909  l,fi75  il5,ia9  i7.592\ 

1910  9,081  i  15.404  i:7,5»l  ! 

1911  2,237  £16,338  i•7,S6;^  f 

1912  2,418  £18.322  i7,901l) 

The  profits  for  the  year,  after  paying  sinking  fund  premium  and 
trustees'  fees,  were  -1:7,903.  Out  of  this,  interest  on  first  mortgage 
debenture  stock,  amounting  to  £3,600,  has  been  paid,  leaving  a 
balance  of  <  4,303  to  the  credit  of  the  net  revenue  account.  The 
increase  in  the  revenue  for  the  year  is  t  l.i>!<4.  As  inttuenciog  the 
profits,  the  account  for  repairs  has  been  rather  heavy,  owing  to  an 
accident  to  one  of  the  engines  at  Chiswick,  while  depreciation  has 
been  written  off  amounting  to  nearly  twice  as  much  as  in  the 
previous  year.  At  Chiswick  the  cost  of  coal  per  unit  has  been 
higher  than  in  the  previous  year,  for  the  reasons  that  the  price  of 
coal  was  greater,  and  was  very  high  during  the  strike,  and  that  at 
the  higher  output  a  larger  proportion  of  the  units  has  to  be  gene- 
rated non-condensing.  As  the  result  of  experience  with  the  Diesel 
engine  at  Aberystwyth,  the  directors  have  for  the  extensions 
required  at  Chiswick  placed  a  contract  for  the  supply  and  fixing  of 
a  similar  type  of  engine,  from  the  use  of  which  considerable 
economy  in  fuel  is  expected  to  result.  The  results  of  the  year's 
working  will  enable  a  dividend  of  (i  per  cent,  for  the  year  to  be 
paid.  This  dividend  the  directors  propose  to  pay  to  the  West 
London  and  Provincial  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  Sir  T.  Brook- 
Hitching,  who  has  occupied  the  position  of  chairman  since  the 
formation  of  the  company,  has  resigned  that  position  on  account 
of  ill-health,  but  he  has  consented  to  remain  a  director.  Mr. 
Harry  Kahn  wasielected  chairman. 


United  River  Plate  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  took  place  in  London  on  April  29th.  Mr.  Geo. 
Franklin  presiding.  The  chairman  referred  with  very  deep  regret 
to  the  death  of  Sir  Irvirg  Courtenay,  who  was  their  chairman  for 
over  26  years.  The  board  had  nominated  him  (Mr.  Franklin)  to  fill 
the  office.  He  hoped  in  that  position,  with  the  continued  confidence 
of  his  colleagues  on  the  board,  and  of  the  shareholders,  to  be  able 
to  do  something  to  keep  the  company  no  less  prosperous  in  the 
future  than  in  the  past.  It  was  with  regret  also  that  he  announced 
the  death  of  Mr.  C.  H.  Menzies,  of  the  Local  Committee  out  in 
Buenos  Ay  res.  Regarding  the  company,  he  was  very  much 
impressed  with  the  extraordinary  growth  of  its  business,  and  of 
*he  prospects  before  it  at  the  present  time.  The  truth  was  that 
they  had  outgrown  the  habiliments  of  their  youth.  Their  articles 
of  association  were  insufficient,  likewise  their  capital  plant  and 
machinery.  They  had  outgrown  everything.  The  telephonic  business 
in  Buenos  Ayres  had  increased  so  rapidly  that  they  had  been  forced 
on  several  occasions  to  enlarge  their  plant.  ■  The  accounts,  as 
arranged  at  the  last  annual,  meeting,  were  made  up  to  December 
3l8t,  instead  of  March  31  st,  which  meant  they  only  applied  for  a 
period  of  nine  months.  The  revenue  for  that  period  from  subscrip- 
tions had  amounted  to  £400,0(')8,  as  against  £3.51,744,  in  the  pro- 
portionate period  of  the  previous  year,  which  meant  an  increase  of 
£4S,824.  The  expenses  in  River  Plate  and  in  London  amounted  to 
£281,465.  as  compared  with  £244.038  for  the  same  period  of  the 
previous  year,  or  an  increase  of  £37,427,  but  there  wa?  an 
increased  profit  for  the  period  of  £10,897.  The  increase  in 
expenses  was  largely  due  to  the  enhanced  cost  of  living  in 
Argentina,  consequent  upon  which  wages  and  salaries  had 
had  to  be  increased.  They  had  also  incurred  extra  expense 
by  placing  the  wires  underground  and  by  substituting  one 
type  of  plant  for  another.  During  the  period  under  review, 
the  capital  account  had  been  increased  by  the  amount  of  l«st  year's 
issue  of  shares  (40,000  shares"),  and  the  reserve  for  renewal  of  plant 
had  been  increased  by  £09,750,  notwithstanding  the  writing  off  of 
special  charges  for  replacement  of  the  type  of  plant  he  had  men- 
tioned, and  capital  expenditure  during  the  period  had  teen  increased 
by  £270,767, of  which  £2.">0..'i25  was  in  respectof  plant,  and  £20,442  on 
accountof  real  estate  and  buildings.  There  was  an  increase  of  the  stock 
of  meters  of  £38.000,  due  to  the  general  expansion  of  the  business, 
and  to  the  difficulty  of  getting  telephone  material  quickly  from  the 
manufacturers,  whereas  the  frequent  delays  in  the  Argentine  Custom 
house  made  it  necessary  to  keep  larger  stocks  against  emergencies. 
A  dividend  at  the  rate  of  8  per  cent,  per  annum  was  again  recom- 
mended. •;  30,000  had  been  added  to  the  reserve  fund  account, 
which  would  make  that  fund  total  i;237,792.  It  was  also  decided 
to  put  £2.000  to  the  staff  provident  fund.  It  was  also  anticipated 
during  the  present  year  to  extend  the  scope  and  uspfnlness  of  that 
fund.  He  would  like  to  mention  that  just  recently  a  serious  fire 
wan  started  in  one  of  their  principal  exchanges,  but  was  quickly 
extinguished  by  the  chief  engineer,  who  was  somewhat  badly 
burned.  It  showed  that  the  company  was  possessed  of  a 
right  loyal  staff,  who  did  not  at  any  time  shrink  from  their  duty. 
That  being  the  case,  he  thought  they  ought  to  do  as  much  for  the 
Staff  Provident  Fund  as  possible.      Since  1903  the  Argentine  had 


steadily  progressed.  In  that  year  the  imports  amounted  to 
£26,000,000,  but  last  year  they  reached  £73,000,000,  and  the  exports 
had  increased  to  even  a  greater  extent.  He  mentioned  those  facts 
as  the  prosperity  of  the  company  was  locked  up  in  the  prosperity  of 
the  country.  With  the  right  kinu  of  emigrant,  the  Republic  ought 
to  keep  on  advancing  on  the  road  of  progress;  10  years  ago  their 
plant  and  real  estate  figured  in  their  balance-sheet  at  about 
£450,000,  but  now  it  stood  at  something  like  £2,000,000.  He 
would  like  to  mention,  however,  that  their  exchanges  were  just 
about  reaching  their  full  limit  or  (opacity.  Any  further  progress 
would  have  to  be  accompanied  by  an  increase  in  their  plant.  One 
thing,  however,  which  affected  them  somewhat  was  the  shortage 
of  operators,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  they  had  a  school  attached 
to  the  works  where  they  trained  young  people  tj  become 
operators,  eventually  drafting  them  into  the  company's  exchangfs. 
Another  thing  which  seriously  hampered  them  was  the  fact  that 
the  Government  out  there  would  only  grant  fresh  options  on  the 
understanding  that  those  options  reverted  to  the  possession  of  the 
(iovemment  with  all  appurtenances,  after  30  years'  use,  without 
any  payment  to  the  company  whatever.  They  trusted,  however, 
to  get  a  modification  of  that  decree,  otherwise  the  company  would 
be  mulcted  in  some  very  heavy  losses  in  a  few  years'  time.  This 
year  the  board  had  decided  to  ask  the  shareholders  for  a  small 
premium  of  10s.  per  share,  which  sum  would  be  transferred  to  the 
reserve  fund  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  the  future  earning 
power  of  the  company.  He  hoped  the  shareholders  would  agree  to 
that  proposition.  It  would  leave  a  fair  margin  of  profit  for  them. 
It  brought  a  sum  of  £27,000  to  their  reserve,  which  would  be 
invested  in  land  and  buildings  and  plant.  That  would  render 
their  financial  position  very  strong  in  spite  of  all  the  difficulties 
which  he  had  enumerated.  A  new  issue  of  54,000  ordinary  shares 
would  be  forthwith  made  to  the  ordinary  shareholders  at  the 
price  of  £5  10s.  per  share. 

Mk.  Keith  seconded  the  adoption  of  the  report. 

Mb.  T.  Cbawley  said  he  noticed  in  the  papers  the  other  day 
that  the  municipal  authorities  were  inviting  tenders  for  the  con- 
struction of  telephone  tuties  underground  and  underground  tunnels 
for  other  purposes.  He  wanted  to  know  if  that  would  affect  the 
future  of  the  company.  He  should  also  like  to  know  whether  the 
company's  service  compared  favourably  with  the  London  Telephone 
Service. 

The  Chairman  said  that  the  authorities  had  been  inviting  those 
tenders  for  many  years,  and  if  nothing  else  came  of  it,  as  in  the 
past,  they  had  nothing  to  fear.  On  the  other  hand,  if  more 
underground  tunnels  were  constructed,  the  company  would  not  be 
slow  to  take  advantage  of  them. 

Replying  to  Mb.  Lowe,  the  Chaibman  said  he  did  not  think 
they  had  much  to  fear  in  the  way  of  competition  from  other  com- 
panies, if  they  kept  up  their  progressive  methods. 

Mk.  Long,  chairman  of  the  Monte  Video  Telephbne  Co.,  said  he 
had  the  pleasure  some  time  ago  of  staying  in  Buenos  Ayres,  and 
during  that  stay  made  an  inspection  of  the  company's  exchanges, 
works  and  other  buildings.  He  also  had  many  occasions  to  use  the 
service,  and  he  had  to  say  he  found  it  most  satisfactory.  He  could 
not  help  being  struck  with  the  methodical  way  in  which  things 
were  managed,  and  the  shareholders  had  every  cause  to  congratulate 
themselves. 

A  vote  of  thanks  to  the  staff  was  carried  with  acclamation. 

Mb.  Paekeb,  the  manager  in  Buenos  Ayres,  in  thanking  the 
meeting  for  the  vote,  said  it  was  reported  in  the  papers  recently 
that  a  severe  storm  had  destroyed  a  large  number  of  the  telephone 
apparatus,  but  he  would  like  to  say  it  was  not  their  company 
which  was  affected,  as  most  of  their  cables  were  underground. 

A  vote  thanks  to  the  chairman,  proposed  by  Mb.  Kixgsbcby, 
concluded  the  business  of  the  meeting. 


Singapore   Electric  Tramways.  Ltd. — The  directors' 

report  for  the  year  ended  December  31st,  1912,  states  ttat  in  October. 
1912,  the  capital  was  reduced  to  £100,000  by  reducing  the  nominal 
value  of  each  share  from  203.  to  5s.  The  accounts  (says  the 
Fuianrial  .AVk'-v)  show  an  excess  of  revenue  over  expenditure  of 
£34,439,  the  profit  for  the  year,  after  charging  debenture  interest, 
depreciation,  and  royalty  paid,  being  £5  358.  Compared  with  the 
year  1911,  tramway  revenue  shows  an  increase  of  £1,446.  The 
lighting  and  power  receipts  continue  to  improve,  being  17  per  cent, 
higher  than  in  1911,  and  59  percent,  higher  than  in  1910.  The 
ratio  of  total  expenses  to  total  receipts  in  Singapore  for  the  year  is 
52'66  per  cent.,  or,  taking  only  tramway  working  and  tramway 
receipts,  57'25  per  cent.  "The  directors  report  that,  after  lengthy 
negotiations  with  the  Municipal  Commissioners  of  Singapore,  the 
company  has  been  able  to  secure  an  extension  of  the  arrangement 
under  which  it  supplies  current  for  lighting  and  power  purposes. 
A  reduced  scale  of  charges  has  been  agreed  upon,  and  it  has  been 
decided  that  the  residential  district  of  Tanglin  shall  be  added  to 
the  present  area  now  served  by  the  Municipality.  The  contract  is 
to  be  extended  for  10  years  from  the  date  electric  current  is 
supplied  to  this  new  area. 

R.    S.    Stokvis  &  /iOnen,  Ltd. — The  directors  propose 

to  pay  a  dividend  of  15  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  1912, 
to  transfer  to  special  reserve  fund  £13,531  and  £17,045  ;  managing 
directors'  commission,  £7,416.  There  will  be  carried  forward 
£22,071. 

Prospectus. —  ConsoUdaled  Gas,  Eledric  Light  and 
J'liin'r  Co..  iif  Baltimore. — The  list  was  to  close  on  Wednesday  in 
an  issue  of  £700,000  5  per  cent,  consolidated  mortgage  debenture 
stock  at  96. 


J 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,8r,(i,   ^U\   1),  191:).] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


777 


(Irientiil  Telephone  and  DIectrU  Co.,  Ltd, 

Till',  annual  inctithitf  wan  hold  on  April  HOth,  at  tho  Oreiit  Ktt«tern 
II  iti'l,  K.O.,  Mr.  B.  St  .luhn  Aokcr»  proHidinif. 

Tho  Chaikman,  ill  proposintf  tho  ndoplion  of  tha  report,  »aid 
the  direotor.s  were  plouHod  to  1)0  able  to  report  another  proHperoua 
year  and  a  HatiHfaotory  iucreaHU  in  the  butiinoBH  of  the  comixiny. 
They  had  (jiven  their  unremitting  attention  to  that  bii.tinoHd  for 
many  yearn  past  and  watched  it8  pro(;re»8  eloKcly,  ho  that  they 
coHHidered  tlieniBelveu  on  this  occaition  in  a  poHition  to  reuommond 
a  hiiifhcr  dividend,  making  10  per  cent,  for  tho  year.  The  board 
had  of  course  always  felt  that,  with  the  yearly  improvinjj  position 
of  the  company,  the  shareholders  were  fairly  entitkd  to  receive 
from  time  to  time,  as  far  as  prudent,  the  benefit  of  increased 
profits  ;  but,  as  ho  pointed  out  in  a  previous  address,  the  directors, 
before  (fivintr  effect  to  any  desire  they  mi^ht  entertain  to  distribute 
part  of  such  increased  profits  anionp  the  shareholders,  must  be 
reasonably  satisfied  that  there  would  be  no  (Toinn  back.  Actintr  on 
that  principle,  they  had  gradually  accumulated  considerable 
funds  which  were  available  at  very  short  notice.  They  had  in 
addition  recently  increased  the  company 'h  holding  of  Consols 
to  £20,000,  and  increased  also  the  amount  of  their  stores  for  sale 
purposes,  besides  spendinir  a  large  amount  on  profitable  new  con- 
struction, whilst  the  company's  investments  in  the  affiliated  com- 
panies, which  were  all  in  a  highly  prosperous  condition,  were,  as 
they  knew,  very  valuable.  The  revenues  from  their  own  exchanges, 
as  well  as  those  from  the  affiliated  companies,  had,  during  the  last 
five  years,  not  only  maintained  the  increases  shown  annually,  but 
had  each  year  exhibited  an  increase  over  the  previous  year,  and 
there  was  every  evidence  of  these  conditions  continuing  on  their 
present  moderate  but  very  steady  scale,  so  that  the  directors  had  come 
to  this  decision  with  every  confidence  in  the  future.  It  would  be 
noticed  that  they  had  written  down  the  total  capital  expenditure 
very  considerably — below,  in  fact,  the  value  placed  upon  their 
numerous  installations  by  their  different  managers — and  having 
regard  to  those  installations  being  kept  up  in  the  highest  state  of 
efficiency,  there  would  really  be  very  little  further  to  write  off  for 
some  years  to  come.  That  condition  of  efficiency  applied  equally  to 
their  affiliated  companies,  so  that  the  directors  had"  felt  justified 
in  revising  at  the  same  time  the  very  low  valuation  thty 
placed  upon  their  investments  in  these  companies  many  years 
ago,  and  they  would  accordingly  find  their  value  increased 
in  the  balance-sheet  to  what  was  still  a  very  low 
figure.  As  regarded  the  company's  house  property,  he  need 
hardly  say  that  every  care  was  taken  to  maintain  this  al.so  in 
thorough  repair  and  in  the  best  possible  condition.  He  took  that 
opportunity  again  to  refer  to  the  ability  and  zeal  with  which  the 
staff  at  home  and  abroad  had  worked  to  bring  about  the  results 
which  they  showed,  and  for  this  the  thanks  of  the  shareholders 
and  the  board  were  justly  due.  The  directors  had  decided  the 
question  of  dealing  with  the  pension  fund  by  commencing  investing 
the  allotted  sums  in  the  names  of  two  of  their  body  to  hold  in 
trust  on  behalf  of  the  company  for  the  purpose  of  applying  the 
interest  to  the  payment  of  certain  pensions  to  duly  qualified 
members  of  the  staff  whenever  the  necessity  for  such  pensions 
should  arise.  They  had  recommended  £2,000  for  this  fund  for  the 
past  year,  raising  it  to  £5,000,  and  they  proposed  to  add  sub- 
stantial amounts  every  year. 

Mb.  Thomas  Lloyd  seconded  the  motion,  wiich  was  adopted. 


Ang:l0'Aiiierican  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  ordinary   general    meeting    of    this   company   was  held   on 
April  29th,  at  Winchester  House,  E.G. 

Me.  F.  a.  Betas,  who  presided,  said  that  they  received  a  fixed 
amount  annually  for  the  use  of  their  cables  from  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Co.  They  had,  therefore,  no  questions  to  deal 
with  as  regards  increase  or  decrease,  and  he  had  not  to  tell 
them  anything  about  the  management  or  expenses  of  the  company. 
That  was  all  carried  on  by  the  Western  Union  Co.,  who  did  not 
furnish  them  with  any  figures  at  all,  but  were  very  prompt  in 
paying  the  annual  rent  of  £262,500.  The  credit  side  of  the 
accounts  showed  as  regards  the  renewal  fund  that  they  had  come 
to  an  arrangement  with  the  Western  Union  Co.  whereby  the  cost 
of  new  cables  was  borne  by  the  Anglo  Co.,  but  all  renewals  and 
repairs  to  those  cables  were  met  by  the  Western  Union.  On  that 
account  the  Western  Union  Co.  were  creditors  to  the  extent  of 
about  £20,000,  which  would  have  to  be  taken  from  the  company's 
renewal  fund.  The  Western  Union,  however,  were  bound  to  keep 
all  their  cables  in  good  repair  during  the  term  of  the  lease.  In  the 
revenue  account  the  shareholders  would  notice  that  a  sum  of 
£1,621  appeared  in  the  form  of  bank  interest.  That  arose  by 
reason  of  the  deferred  shareholders  only  receiving  their  dividend  at 
the  end  of  the  voir.  The  Western  Union  Co.  paid  to  them  the 
full  quarter's  dividend,  which  they  could  not  distribute  to  the 
deferred  shareholders  until  the  end  of  the  year.  Therefore,  a 
certain  amount  of  interest  accrued  in  respect  of  that  sum,  with 
which  he  hoped  in  course  of  time  the  company  would  pay  a  bonus 
to  the  deferred  shareholders.  Since  they  made  the  arrangement 
with  the  Western  Union,  and  during  the  pa *t  year  especially,  efforts 
had  been  made  by  the  Press,  aided  by  the  Postmaster-General,  to 
reduce  the  rates  of  telegraphic  messages  chiefly  by  a 
ring  system.  What  the  result  would  have  been  he  did  not  pretend 
to  know,  but  although  there  might  have  been  an  increase  in  the 
number  of  messages,  at  the  same  time  a  loss  might  have  been 
made.  It,  therefore,  seemed  to  him  that  the  directors  were  wise, 
and  the  shareholders  also,  in  agreeing  to  the  arrangement  with 
the  Western  Union.     It  was  much  more  easy  for  the  Western  Union 


to  bear  uiiy  Iuhh  |i>  that  direction  which   ini^'ht  havf  n 
to  a  rcdiiolion  of  tiirilTM.     Another   thinif  th«y  ha'l  t'. 
whether  an   nmuli/aination  of   Ihu  dcferrwl    and    pr- ; 
would  b()  bnnoUcial  to  tho  company.       The  ilirt-ctorn  akhs  fuvour- 
ubly  diitpoHod  to  uinalK't'nating,    but  hn   undi-rnt<i<id   ri:v>:r»l  of  th(t 
largo  preferred  nhareholderM  wenr  oppoHcd    to   the  Kch«nic.      There 
was   an   argument  on   both   HidcH.       It   would,    however,  l<«   un- 
doubtedly an  advantnge   for  them  to  nave  only  one  claiut  of  -twk 
to  dt'al  with.       I(u  could  not  help  noticini;  at    that   m«-e'.iri/         .' 
several   familiar  faces  were  gone.       Sir  CharleH  Hurt,  who  v. 
of  their  moitt  valuable  dircctorn,   had  paxscd   away,  and  .Sir  ' 
Fitzgerald   also.       lie  should  alxo  like  to  mention  that  .Mr.  Ciir^on 
had  retiri'i  from  the  position  of  iiians|;er.      That  was  a   fact  to  be 
deplored.     That  gentleman   had  thrown   his  whole  heart  into  the 
work,  and  liad  always  given  them  of  his  Ijest.     Mr.  Wells,  who  wan 
secretary  for  a  groat   many  yeari),   had  also  retired,  likewise  their 
old  friend,  Mr.  Smith   (the  accountant).       The  old  people   paaaed 
away,  but  still  the  company  went  on  as  successfully  as  ever,  and  he 
trusted  that  when  they   had  pa-ssed  away  the  old  Anglo-AmericAD 
would  still  be  fi3uri,'<hing,  occupying  the  proud  p38ition  of  beings 
the  first  company  to  carry  messagis  under  the  sea. 
Mu.  Benson  seconded,  and  the  motion  was  carried. 


At  the  extraordinary  general  meeting  held  afterwards,  the  Chaik- 
MA.N  proposed  a  resolution  adopting  new  articles  of  association, 
lie  said  that  the  old  articles  were  prepared  many  \eara  ago.  and 
were  some  of  the  first  made  under  the  Companies'  Act.  They  were 
now  quite  obsolete,  and  the  new  conditions  in  connection  with  the 
arrangement  with  the  Western  Union  made  it  imperative  that 
certain  alterations  should  be  carried  out. 

The  motion  was  carried. 


An!2;lo-I>ortaj;uese  Telephone  Co..  Ltd.— TLe  ac- 
counts for  the  year  1912  record  a  healthy  state  of  affairs.  Con- 
trasting the  profit  and  loss  account  with  that  of  1911,  the  income 
for  the  year  at  £()2.919  marks  an  increase  of  £5,874,  but  the 
operating  and  other  expenses  at  £H7,72:i  are  £6,205  higher.  Not- 
withstanding this  factor,  the  directors  are  in  a  position  to  recom- 
mend a  final  distribution  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per  annum, 
making  8  per  cent,  for  the  year,  which  was  the  rate  for  1911,  and 
which  enables  them  to  carry  forward  £5,609,  which  is  slightly  in 
excess  of  the  sum  brought  into  the  account  from  1911.  A  satis- 
factory feature  of  the  accounts  is  the  gradual  increase  in  the 
amount  of  subscriptions  received  or  charged  in  advance,  less 
royalty  and  rents  paid  in  advance,  which  appears  as  a  liability  in 
the  balance-sheet  at' £25.859,  and  which'  of  course,  represents  the 
proportion  of  subscriptions  unearned  at  the  close  of  the  financial 
year.  If  the  present  rate  of  increase  both  as  regards  the  revenue 
and  the  reserves  be  maintained,  the  position  is  distinctly  encourag- 
ing. The  reserves  total  £75,000,  which  includes  £12,500  appro- 
priated from  the  year's  accounts. 

West  London  and  Provincial  Electric  Supply  Co., 

Ltd. — The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December,  1912,  says 
that  the  company  derives  its  revenue  from  the  dividends  on  the 
shares  of  the  Chiswick  Electricity  Supply  Corporation.  Ltd.,  which 
it  owns,  from  the  fees  charged  for  managing  the  affairs  of  that 
Corporation,  and  from  commission  for  acting  as  engineers  in  respect 
of  additions  to  the  Corporation's  plant  and  machinery.  The  report 
of  that  company  appears  elsewhere.  The  6  per  cent,  on  shares  in 
that  company  will  be  received  in  due  course  by  this  company,  whose 
accounts  show  a  balance  to  the  credit  of  the  profit  and  loss  account  of 
£3,485.  The  directors  propose  to  pay  a  dividend  on  the  cumulative 
preference  shares  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum  for  1912,  and 
to  pay  interest  at  the  rate  of  ih  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  funding 
certificates  for  the  year  ending  1911,  carrying  the  balance  forward. 
Sir  T.  Brooke-Hitching,  who  has  occupied  the  position  of  chairman 
since  the  formation  of  the  company,  has  resigned  that  position  on 
account  of  ill-health.  He  has  consented  to  remain  a  director.  Mr. 
Harry  Kahn  was  elected_chairman. 

Alderley   and   Wilnislow   Electric  Sopplj.  Ltd. — 

The  directors  report  for  the  year  ended  December  31st.  1912,  that 
the  total  lamp  connections  have  increased  from  an  equivalent  of 
22,866  to  24,898  8-c.r.  lamps.  The  result  of  the  year's  working 
shows  a  profit  of  £2,84  6,  which,  with  £184  brought  forward, 
makes  £3,031,  and  after  paying  £1,766  interest  on  debentures  and 
loans,  there  remains  a  balance  of  £1,245,  of  which  the  directors 
recommend  that  £800  should  be  put  to  reserve  fund,  and  the 
balance,  £445,  carried  forward. 

Vera  (  ruz  Electric  Light,  Power  and  Traction.  Ltd. 

— The  directors  report  that  the  net  profits  in  Mexico  for  the  year 
1912  amount  to  £31,785,  an  increase  of  £3,901.  After  providing 
for  London  office  expenses  and  bond  and  other  interest,*,  there 
remains  a  balance  of  profit  of  £16,744.  plus  £1,514  brought 
forward,  making  £18,259.  From  this  there  is  transferred  to 
depreciation  and  general  reserve  account  £5,000  :  dividend  on  the 
share  cnpital  for  1912  at  the  rate  of  2i  percent,  £8,750;  carry 
forward.  £4.509.  The  contract  with  the  Pnebla  Tramway.  Light 
and  Power  Co.  for  the  supply  of  power,  referred  to  last  year,  has 
been  settled  on  satisfactory  terms,  and  it  is  anticipated  that  power 
will  be  available  before  the  end  of  1913. 

Kent   Electric   Power  Co. — Notice  appeared   in  the 

Loiuloii  (ui:ritr  on  May  2nd  of  the  company's  intended  application 
to  Parliament  this  session  for  powers  to  rearrange  the  capital, 
convert  shares,  repeal  or  amend  certain  Acts,  and  other  matters. 


778 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,850,  May  9,  1913. 


Colombo  Electric  Tramways  and  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  eleventh  aanual  meeting;  of  the  above  company  was  held  on 
Wednesday  at  the  offices.  St.  Benet's  Place.  The  meeting  was  private. 
The  report  for  the  year  ended  December,  1912,  which  was  adopted, 
stated  that  there  was  a  total  net  profit  in  Ceylon  for  the  year, 
after  deducting-  all  current  expenses,  amounting  to  £38,041. 
Darinf?  the  year  2,156,290  units  were  generated,  as  against 
2,328.032  for  the  previous  year,  the  cost  per  unit  being  slightly  lees. 
The  tramways  receipts  show  a  further  marked  improvement.  The 
total  number  of  passengers  carried  amounted  to  9,884,969,  as 
against  '.',114,*133  for  the  previous  year.  The  lighting  branch  of 
the  company's  business  continues  to  show  satisfactory  progress. 
In  consequence  of  the  steady  growth  of  the  lighting  branch,  and 
also  extension  to  the  tramway  track,  orders  have  been  placed  for 
additional  machinery  and  rolling  stock.  The  appeal  to  the  Supreme 
Court  respecting  the  ferry  service  has  not  yet  been  decided.  The 
total  available  profit,  after  providing  for  debenture  interest  and  all 
expenses,  and  including  the  balance  brought  forward,  amounts  to 
£3r.,60(>.  Oat  of  this  the  directors  have  transferred  <  15,000  to 
general  reserve  and  renewal  fund,  which  had  been  dealt  with  by 
writing  off  £1,000  from  the  track  renewal  account,  and  £4,000 
from  the  mains  and  plant  account,  leaving  the  general  reserve  and 
renewal  fund  at  1 35,000.  The  directors  recommended  a  dividend 
of  10  per  cent,  on  the  share  capital,  free  of  income-tax,  amounting 
to  £13,084,  leaving  1 8,4 22  to  carry  forward.  The  directors  placed 
on  record  t'ueir  appreciation  of  the  work  of  the  staff. 


British  Uestinghouse  Electric  and  .Manufacturing 
Co.,  Ltd. 

The  thirteenth  annual  meeting  was  held  on  Monday  at  Hamilton 
House,  Victoria  Embankment,  E.C.,  Mr.  J.  Annan  Bryce,  M.P., 
presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Elec.  Rev.,  p.  7:!2),  said  that  dealing  first  with  the  debit  side  of 
the  balance-sheet,  the  capital  authorised  and  issued  remained  as 
before.  The  item,  6  percent,  prior  lien  debentures,  was  reduced  by 
£r),300  in  respect  of  63  debentures  drawn  on  December  13th,  1912, 
for  repayment  on  January  1st,  1913,  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  the  trust  deed,  making  in  all  £28,8(iO  redeemed  to  date 
out  of  the  profits  of  the  company  :  4  per  cent,  mortgage  debenture 
stock  remained  as  before,  viz.,  £1,241,353.  Prior  lien  redemption 
account  represented  the  liability  for  the  repayment  of  63  deben- 
tures on  January  1st  of  this  year,  plus  a  small  balance  carried 
forward  to  this  year's  account.  Interest  accrued  to  date  on  prior 
lien  debentures  and  4  per  cent,  mortgage  debenture  stock  included 
three  months'  interest  to  December  31st,  1912,  on  the  former  and 
six  months'  interest  on  the  latter,  both  of  which  had  since  been 
paid.  Sundry  creditors  and  credit  balances,  £199,387,  including 
£49,434  reserve  against  maintenance  on  uncompleted  contracts, 
stood  at  practically  the  same  figure  as  last  year,  which  was  satis- 
factory having  regard  to  the  increased  business.  Advantage  had 
been  taken  wherever  possible  by  using  their  cash  resources  to 
obtain  special  cash  discounts  for  payments  before  due  dates.  The 
reserve  for  employers'  liability  had  been  increased  to  £10,000,  at 
which  figure  the  board  proposed  to  maintain  it  in  the  meantime. 
He  might  repeat  what  he  said  last  year,  that,  owing  to  the  care 
exercised  in  their  shops,  they  hal  hitherto  been  singularly  free 
from  accidents  of  a  serious  nature.  Turning  to  the  credit  side  of 
the  balance-sheet,  the  item  "patents  and  goodwill"  remained  as 
before.  Some  of  their  patents  had  lapsed  and  some  had  been 
abandoned,  but  new  patents  had  been  acquired,  the  expenses 
connected  with  which  had  been  defrayed  out  of  revenue. 
For  the  sake  of  simplification  they  had  this  year,  with  the  approval 
of  the  auditors,  amalgamated  the  two  items  of  works,  machinery, 
plant,  vV:c.,  starting  with  £1,672,677,  the  total  of  the  two  items 
shown  in  the  1911  balance  sheet.  The  reserves  of  £51,912  which 
appeared  in  last  year's  accounts  and  which  were  the  accumulation 
of  several  years,  had  been  appropriated  to  various  items  comprised 
in  the  total  sum  mentioned  of  £1,672,677,  and  the  amount  put  to 
depreciation  in  the  present  accounts,  viz.,  £49,750  represented  the 
amount  written  off  for  this  year  only,  as  previously  there  had 
been  charged  to  revenue  account  a  large  sum  for  upkeep  and  main- 
tenance of  buildings  and  plant.  Stock  and  material  on  hand,  kc, 
£641,985.  compared  with  £622,264,  showing  a  slight  increase  over 
last  year  due  to  the  expansion  of  business.  Completed  work  on 
contracts,  £249,310,  compared  with  £292,024,  showing  a  difference 
of  £42,714.  The  smaller  amount  outstanding  was  satisfactory. 
In  regard  to  the  Underground  Electric  Railways  Co.  of  London 
arbitration  account,  £9.').6si^  the  decrease  of  .t23,916  was  approxi- 
mately accounted  for  by  the  result  of  the  appeal  to  the  House  of 
Lords,  under  which  the  Railway  Co.  returned  to  them  the  amount 
of  the  original  award,  thus  leaving  them  in  the  same  position  as 
before  the  award  was  given.  The  amount  outstanding  was  still 
considerable,  the  exact  value  of  which,  to  them,  mast  depend  upon 
the  result  of  the  further  reference  to  the  arbitrator.  Sundry 
debtors — less  reserve,  £237,193,  was  some  £56,000  odd  in  ercess  of 
last  year  owing  to  th6  increase  of  the  business.  Ample  reserve  was 
made  for  bad  and  doubtful  debts  which,  considering  the  volume  of 
business,  constituted  but  a  very  small  percentage.  Shares  and 
debentures  in  other  companies  were  slightly  less  than  last  year 
owing  to  certain  depreciations  having  been  made  with  regard  to 
some  of  the  minor  items.  Bills  receivable,  cash  at  bankers  and  on 
loan  amounting  altogether  to  £115,077,  compared  with  i;61,71"<  last 
year,  showing  an  increase  of  £53,959.  This  increase  was  partly  due  to 
better  terms  of  payment  and  the  careful  attention  paid  to  collections. 
Coming  to  the  profit  and  loss  account,  the  trading  profits  of    1911 


amounted  to  £126,144,  as  compared  with  £112,539  in  1910.  In 
1912  they  amounted  to  £157,871,  or  an  increase  of  £45,332  over 
1910,  and  £31,727  over  1911.  This  result  was  encouraging.  The 
prospects  for  the  current  year  were  so  far  promising.  Orders 
received  this  year  were  in  advance  of  those  booked  up  to  the  same 
time  in  1912.  The  first  three  items  on  the  debit  side  were  the  same 
as  last  year.  Expenses  on  surplus  land  and  buildings  had  been 
reduced  from  £4,254  to  £3,033.  This  reduction  was  mainly  due  to 
the  fact  that  they  were  now  fully  occupying  the  steel  foundry 
building  for  the  manufacture  of  other  products.  Amount  written 
off  works,  machinery,  plant,  ..^c,  £43,450,  was  .<  12,582  more  than 
was  devoted  to  this  purpose  last  year.  The  net  profit  for  the  year, 
£41,074,  showed  an  increase  over  the  same  item  last  year  of 
£20,366,  and  compared  as  follows  with  recent  preceding  years  : — 
December  31st,  1908,  loss  £6.521  ;  December  31st,  1909,  loss  £799  ; 
December  3 Ist,  1910,  profit  £12,437:  December  31st,  1911,  profit 
£20,708.  There  had  thus  been  a  continued  steady  improvement. 
Towards  the  close  of  his  remarks  last  year,  he  alluded  to  the  effects 
of  the  coal  strike.  Owing  to  this  strike,  their  output  was  very 
considerably  hampered.  Their  own  supply  of  coals  was  adequate, 
but  many  of  their  suppliers  were  not  in  the  same  position,  and  it 
was  really  not  until  towards  the  end  of  the  year  that  they  returned 
to  normal  conditions  of  output.  But  for  the  strike  and  the 
additional  cost  of  production  caused  by  insurance  payments  and 
rise  in  wages,  their  results  would  have  been  considerably  better. 
Although  with  this  year's  profit,  and  the  amount  brought  forward, 
there  was  now  available  £66,899,  the  directors  did  not  propose  to 
recommend  any  distribution.  In  the  first  place  they  did  not  yet 
know  what  the  loss  would  be  in  respect  of  the  item  "  Underground 
Electric  Railways  Co.,  of  London."  Secondly,  they  did  not  consider 
that  even  with  the  reduction  of  capital  effected  in  1907,  the  assets 
had  been  written  down  to  an  amount  adequate  in  the  case  of  an 
undertaking  such  as  theirs.  While,  therefore,  they  were 
undoubtedly  in  a  better  position  than  last  year  owing  to  the  success 
of  their  appeal  to  the  House  of  Lords,  the  board  was  still  of  the 
opinion  that  it  would  be  wise  to  reduce  the  capital.  As  he  said  last 
year,  the  interests  of  the  preference  shareholders  would  not  suffer 
in  any  way  by  such  reduction. 

Mk.  E.  a.  Goulding,  M.P..  seconded  the  motion.  He  said  it 
was  clear  from  the  lucid  statement  of  the  chairman  that  the  com- 
pany was  in  an  improved  position,  and  they  had  to  recollect  that 
it  was  under  the  chairmanship  of  Mr.  Bryce  that  that  had  been 
brought  about.  The  shareholders  had  been  very  patient,  and  he 
believed,  if  they  exercised  that  patience  a  little  longer,  they  would 
be  rewarded  in  the  success  of  the  company.  He  saw  a  bright 
future  before  it,  for  all  the  difficulties  had  been  faced  and  met 
instead  of  being  covered  up. 

Replying  to  a  shareholder,  the  Chaik.man  said  he  did  not  think 
Mr.  Lyttleton,  the  arbitrator,  had  yet  fixed  a  date  when  he  would 
deal  with  their  claim  against  the  TJnderground  Railways  Co.  They 
would  have  to  wait  the  result  of  that  award  before  they  proceeded 
to  do  anything  further  in  the  way  of  cutting  down  the  prefer- 
ence shares.  He  would  remind  the  holders  of  those  shares  that 
it  really  did  not  matter  what  their  nominal  value  was.  The 
question  was — what  was  the  value  of  the  shares  in  the  market,  and 
what  dividends  would  be  paid  on  them.'  If  the  nominal  amount 
was  reduced  it  would  become  much  more  easy  to  declare  what 
appeared  to  be  a  reasonable  dividend. 

Mb.  Birks  said  that  as  one  who  had  attended  every  meeting  of 
the  ccrtnpany,  he  rather  expected  that  the  chairman  would  have 
spoken  in  a  more  cheerful  tone  as  to  the  future.  If  there 
was  to  be  any  further  reduction  in  the  capital  he  thought  it  ought 
to  be  made  in  the  ordinary  shares.  He  would  like  to  know  what 
was'  likely  to  influence  the  policy  of  the  board  in  regard  to  the 
reserve  funds. 

The  Chairman  said  he  did  not  see  how  it  was  going  to  hurt  the 
preference  shareholders  if  their  shares  were  further  cut  down, 
so  long  as  they  received  their  interest.  It  did  not  matter  to  them 
whether  the  ordinary  shares  were  similarly  dealt  with.  Those 
shares  belonged  almost  entirely  to  the  American  company,  which  also 
held  a  majority  of  the  debentures  and  the  preference  shares,  so 
it  would  be  necessary  to  get  their  consent  before  they  could  do  any- 
thing. They  must  remember  that  the  American  company  came  to 
their  assistance  and  subscribed  very  large  sums  to  pull  the  company 
through  its  troubles,  and  therefore  they  deserved  consideration. 

Mr.  Bull  asked  whether  there  was  any  chance  of  a  working 
combine  between  the  different  electrical  companies  in  this  country. 
He  said  he  knew  of  another  large  company  which  was  doing  as 
much  business  as  it  possibly  could,  but  yet  could  not  pay  a  dividend 
on  its  ordinary  stock. 

The  Chairman  said  it  was  very  difficult  to  say  whether  there 
was  any  possibility  of  bringing  about  any  general  arrangement 
between  the  various  electrical  firms  in  the  country.  They  had  tried 
for  years  to  avoid  cutting  prices,  but  it  was  a  very  diflScult  thing  to 
bring  about  a  general  arrangement  of  that  kind. 
The  report  was  adopted. 


( itj  of  Buenos  Ayres  Tramways  Co.  (1»04),  Ltd.— 

The  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  of  Is.  3d.  per  share,  less 
income-tax,  for  the  quarter  ended  March  31st.  ^ 

Tramways  and  General  AVorks  Co.,  Ltd. — A  divi- 
dend of  16(f  per  cent.  (Is.  per  share),  free  of  income-tax,  has  been 
declared  for  the  year  to  March  31  et. 

Chloride  Electrical  Storage  Co.,  Ltd.— The  directx)r8 

have  declared   a  dividend   of   10  per  cent.,  free   of    tax,  on  the 
ordinary  shares  for  the  year.    £8,407  is  carried  forward. — Financier^ 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,8..(),  M.\Y  ;»,   i'Ji:i. 


THE    KLECTllICAri    IIKVII'IW. 


779 


La  Plata  Electric  Tramway  Cu.,  Ltd. 

Mil.  W.  I''.  llAMii/ioN  (ohairmaii)  proHided  on  April  21tth  nt  W'iii- 
oheBtcr  IIouho,  K.O.,  over  tho  fourth  anniiul  KCXTftl  mcotinjf. 

In  niovin>f  the  adoption  of  tho  report,  he  Huid  tho  board  rcRrottcd 
thttttho  rcHult  of  tlui  workinK  of  the  trumwiiyH  for  l'.H2  wuh  ho  di«- 
appointinir,  Dlthoujrh  the  total  reofipts  on  revenue  account  amounted 
to  £5:1,1  rit,  bt'iii({  an  increaHO  of  tH.lid  hh  compared  with  tho 
receiptB  of  the  previous  year.  Tho  expenditure  inoreawd  from 
ij;t6,380  to  di;i:!:i'.)7,  l^avin^r  a  balance  i.nly  of  £".),782.  Tho  board 
had  decided  to  write  off  out  of  thiw  Hum  the  whole  of  the  defal«i- 
tions  account,  and  the  expenMCH  in  connection  therewith,  and  to 
recommend  the  payment  of  fourmonthH'  dividend  on  tho  preference 
nharei",  covering  the  period  from  July  Iwt  to  October  lilst,  litll,  and 
to  carry  forward  CTiilK,  to  next  year.  As  the  170,1)00  preference  mhares 
iss\ied  to  tho  public  were  not  fully  paid  up  until  August  Ist,  lHU, 
the  dividend  was  I'Ood.  per  share.  The  decreaee  in  their  profits  was 
large,  but  it  was  almost  entirely  due  to  causes  of  an  exceptional 
nature,  some  of  which  could  not  happen  again.  During  the 
whole  year  the  weather  at  La  Plata  was  very  bad  and  deprived 
them  of  traffic  which,  in  the  normal  course  of  things,  would  pass 
over  their  tramways,  and  there  was  a  loss  of  £1,385  on  their  horse 
tramway  to  Enst^nada.  In  addition  to  these  causes,  altera- 
tions were  made  in  their  routes  as  further  portions  of 
tramline  were  electrified,  which  entailed  the  running  of 
much  unprofitable  mileage,  and  the  great  delay  in  the  completion 
of  the  Ensenada  section  necessitated  the  payment  of  interest 
during  a  considerable  part  of  the  year  on  unproductive  capital,  All 
works  of  construction  by  their  contractors  were  now  entirely 
finished. "  Two  short  extensions  to  the  Digne  remained  to  be  carried 
out,  but  they  had  till  June,  1914,  to  do  this  in,  and  the  work 
would  be  done  in  the  most  economical  manner  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  manager.  One  of  the  first  improvements  effected  by 
their  new  manager,  Mr.  Valentine  Brown,  after  his  arrival  at  La 
Plata,  was  to  take  advantage  of  the  opening  of  the  Ensenada  sec- 
tion, to  80  modify  the  service  of  the  tramways  as  to  secure  the  best 
results,  both  for  the  company  and  the  public.  He  had  also  com- 
pletely reorganised  the  La  Plata  office,  and  the  board  were  pleased 
to  inform  the  shareholders  that  in  Mr.  Brown  they  had  a  very 
capable  and  experienced  manager.  The  board  were  of  opinion, 
judging  by  the  reports  they  had  received  from  the  manager,  and  the 
result  of  the  first  quarter  of  the  year,  that  the  profits  of  the  work- 
ing would  probably  not  be  less  than  C 20,000.  Several  share- 
holders had  written  to  the  company  with  regard  to  the  other 
system  of  electric  tramways  in  La  Plata,  but  this  other  system  did 
not  compete  with  their  own  so  far  as  regarded  the  Ensenada 
section  and  the  Tolosa  section — which  were  both  very  profitable 
—and  also  the  Los  Homos  and  Cemetery  sections,  whilst  in  La 
Plata  itself  their  lines  ran  in  opposite  directions.  When  he  was 
at  La  Plata  recently  it  was  agreed  between  himself  and 
the  proprietors  of  the  other  tramways,  that  in  making 
extensions  competing  lines  should,  as  far  as  possible,  be 
avoided.  Their  relations  with  the  Government  and 
the  municipal  authorities  continued  to  be  excellent.  The, 
present  position  of  the  action  against  their  late  local  auditor  was 
that  appearance  in  the  action  had  been  entered  on  behalf  of  two 
of  the  defendants.  The  delay  in  the  proceedings  had  been  entirely 
due  to  the  fact  that  the  remaining  defendant  was  travelling  in 
South  America,  and  it  had  been  difficult  to  effect  service  of  the 
writ  upon  him  for  that  reason.  The  company  had  passed  through 
troublesome  times,  and  they  had  had  many  difficulties  to  contend 
with,  but  the  prospects  were  favourable  ;  and  with  the  growth  of 
La  Plata  and  Ensenada,  which  was  bound  to  continue,  they  might 
reasonably  look  forward  year  by  year  to  increased  profits. 

Mr.  W.  T.  Western  seconded  the  motion. 

Answering-  Mr.  Van  Raalte,  the  Chairman  said  he  had  gone 
very  carefully  into  the  question  of  the  working  expenses  per  car- 
mile,  and  they  were  not  extravagant,  but,  of  course,  with  an 
increase  of  receipts,  the  working  expenses  would  diminish 
proportionately. 

The  report  was  adopted. 


OH  nguiiiHt  4'.)  1  Id.  After  pr'>loiiged  ni i/ntiationn  with  the  munici- 
pality of  LiHbon,  a  contract  wan  evr;ntuully  ak(ruc<j  iijKjn  with  that 
body,  and  finally  ni^ned  in  January  lout,  for  tho  nxjonntruction  and 
oluctritlcation  of  thr;  lincH  of  the  Nova  Com|>anhia  do*  ArcejoiiorM 
McchanicoH  do  LIhIxib,  in  which  hyHtem  thin  company  hoii  a  con- 
Hidorablo  inturest. 


Lisbon  Electric  Tramwajs,  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  a  net  profit  of  £102,745  for  1912,  plus 
£4,400  brought  forward,  making  £107,212.  From  this  £35,000 
has  been  placed  to  depreciation  rt'serve,  and  .C  5,000  to  the  credit  of 
exchange  reserve  account.  Out  of  the  available  balance  of  £67,212 
the  usual  preference  dividend,  amounting  to  £25,533,  has  been 
paid.  On  November  1st  the  directors  paid  on  the  ordinary  share 
capital  an  interim  dividend  of  3  per  cent,  net,  amounting  to 
£19,020,  and  now  recommend  the  payment  of  a  final  dividend  at 
the  same  rate,  making  6percent.net  for  the  year  1912.  £3,637 
has  been  carried  forward.  The  operations  during  the  year  were 
again  affected  by  strikes.  On  May  29th  a  strike  occurred  amongst 
the  tramway  employes,  owing  to  the  men  insisting  on  the  re- 
instatement of  certain  of  their  number  who  had  been  discharged 
for  insubordination.  This  strike  lasted  until  June  24th,  when  the 
bulk  of  the  cars  were  again  in  operation.  The  damage  to  the  plant 
was  trifling.  Since  that  date  the  service  has  been  continued  with- 
out interruption.  It  is  estimated  that  the  total  stoppage  of  the 
tramway  during  the  strike  resulted  in  a  loss  of  about  Jt  20,000  in 
traffic  receipts,  but,  owing  to  the  satisfactory  traffic  during  the 
remainder  of  the  year,  this  loss  has  been  mostly  made  up,  and  the 
net  decrease  on  the  year,  compared  with  the  previous  year,  amounts 
to  £7,060.  The  exchange  ruling  during  the  year  has  been  less 
favourable  than  in  the  previous  year,  the  average  rate  being  ISid., 


Brisbane     Electric    TrainwayH    InvcNtment    (o,, 

Ltd. — The  directors  announce  that  tho  revenue  account  for  1912, 
including  £ri.57l  brought  forward,  Hhows  an  available  balance  of 
£82,006,  which,  Hays  tho  Fiiinncn'r,  the  directors  have  dealt  with 
as  follows:-  Debenture  htock  interest,  £19,008;  preference  divi- 
dend, £17,i>5()  ;  an  interim  dividend  of  Is.  per  share  on  the  ordinary 
shares,  £18,000.  Out  of  the  remaining  balance  of  £27,281  the 
directors  recommend  that  £5, .".00  be  added  to  the  reuerve  fund, 
bringing  it  up  to  £10,000  ;  that  a  balance  dividend  of  4ii.per  ithare, 
free  of  income-tax,  be  paid  on  the  ordinary  sharcH  (making  a  total 
dividend  for  the  year  of  s  per  cent.),  and  that  £3,781  be  larried 
forward.  After  the  above  appropriation  the  renewal  and  other 
reserve  funds  of  both  companies  will  amount  to  £113,000,  with  an 
aggregate  of  balances  carried  forward  of  £8,909. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tuesday  Evening, 

By  another  of  those  violent  foltm-facr  to  which  the  Stock  Exchange 
is  becoming  accustomed,  markets  swung  round  completely  this 
week,  on  the  news  that  King  Nicholas  had  consented  to  evacuate 
Scutari.  The  Stock  Exchange  humorists  at  once  declared  that  he 
had  closed  his  "  bear  "  of  Canadas  and  Rio  Tintos,  regardless  of 
the  consequences  of  so  obvious  a  slander.  This  little  joke,  however, 
was  one  outcome  of  the  much  happier  frame  of  mind  that  prevailed 
all  round  the  markets,  and  the  ''  bear  '  points  were  forgotten  aa 
prices  rushed  up  generally. 

The  Electricity  sections  took  the  alteration  in  sentiment  with 
the  same  quiet  philosophy  that  they  displayed  through  the  pre- 
vious slump.  Changes  on  the  week  are  mostly  in  the  upward 
direction,  so  far  as  those  securities  are  concerned  in  which  there  is 
any  sort  of  speculative  account,  while  the  possibility  of  money 
growing  easier,  if  the  situation  in  Central  Europe  is  really  better, 
holds  out  hope  to  the  investment  markets. 

On  May  Ist  a  number  of  stocks  and  shares  quoted  in  the  Stock 
Exchange  daily  Official  List  were  removed  from  its  pages  in  conse- 
quence of  there  having  been  no  bargain  recorded  in  them  for  a 
period  of  16  months.  Amongst  those  which  were  deleted  in  this 
way  were  several  which  appear  week  by  week  in  our  lists,  such,  for 
instance,  as  Dublin  United  Tramways  Preference  and  Newcaatle- 
on-Tyne  Electric  Preference.  The  paucity  of  general  interest  is 
our  excuse  also  in  removing  them  from  their  accustomed  places.  It 
will  not  be  difficult  to  fill  up  the  gaps  with  some  of  the  other  stocks 
and  shares  constantly  added  to  the  lists  of  those  connected  with  the 
electrical  industry. 

English  electric  supply  issues  present  their  usual  quota  of  some- 
thing less  than  half-a-dozen  changes  on  the  week.  Charing  Cross 
and  City  Preference  eased  off  to  4,  but  South  Londons  are  up  J,  and 
Edmundson'sii  per  cent,  non-cumulative  Preference  have  again  coice 
into  demand,  showing  a  rise  of  i',;  at  2-r5,  while  the  Ordinary  at  lOe. 
are  likewise  better.  South  Metropolitan  4  1  per  cent.  Delienture 
stock  gained  2  points  at  99,  and  the  improvements  recorded  last  week 
have  been  maintained. 

Members  of  the  Stock  Exchange  were  amongst  the  audience  at 
the  demonstration  given  last  week  of  the  Cold  Light,  invented  by 
Prof.  C.  F.  Dussaud.  Full  particulars  appeared  in  some  of  the 
papers,  and  the  Stock  Exchange  men  agreed  that  it  was  extremely 
interesting,  likely  also  to  exert  a  far-reaching  influence  over  the 
electricity  supply  industry  when  the  Cold  Light  developments  have 
been  carried  further  into  commercial  use.  At  the  present  time, 
they  are  not  regarded  as  of  sufficient  immediate  consequence  to 
have  much  effect  upon  quotations  for  the  supply  companies' 
shares. 

The  Home  Railway  market  was  one  of  the  principal  gainers  by 
the  improved  political  news.  Prices  shot  up  in  very  vivacious 
fashion,  assisted  by  the  announcement  that  the  scale  of  charges, 
both  for  passengers  and  goods,  was  to  be  increased  in  many  direc- 
tions. Of  the  Tube  stocks.  Metropolitans  jumped  1 ',  and  Districts  4 
to  52i  and  39|  respectively,  but  the  prices  of  both  had  been  acutely 
depressed  just  previously.  The  only  change  in  City  and  South 
London  stocks  was  a  point  rise  in  the  5  per  cent.  Preference  of 
1903,  and  Central  Londons  did  not  move.  Important  improvements 
are  already  being  made  on  the  systems  of  both  these  last-named 
lines,  accelerated  services  being  one  of  the  principal  achievements 
of  the  new  control.  Great  Northern  and  City  Preferred  fell  Is.  8d. 
to  2i!  :  but  East  Londons  were  a  better  market,  moving  up  to  9 J. 
Underground  Electric  shilling  shares  eased  off  nominally,  though, 
as  a  matter  of  fact,  the  actual  price  remains  about  Us.  9d.,  while 
the  £10  Ordinary  rose  Is.  8d.  The  i>  per  cent.  First  Income 
Debenture  stock  shows  a  loss  of  a  point  at  110.  In  the  British 
Electric  Traction  group  a  fall  of  J  in  the  5  per  cent.  Perpetual 
Debenture  lowered  the  price  to  90,  and  the  Preferred  at  84 1  is  a 
point  down.    Bath  Tramways  Debenture  continues  to  dwindle. 


780 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,850,  Mat  9,  1913. 


The  Telegraph  market  is  firm  on  the  whole,  although  there  are 
one  or  two  falls.  Direct  Spanish  Preference  rose  \ ,  "  China '"  shares  I, 
and  Commercial  Cable  Debenture  i.  West  India  and  Panama 
shares,  on  the  other  hand,  fell  to  2J  upon  the  appearance  of  the 
report,  which,  after  all,  must  be  re^rarded  somewhat  in  the  nature 
of  an  interim  one,  inasmuch  as  the  company  is  not  expected  to 
benefit  largely  until  the  Panama  Canal  is  open.  The  dividend  for 
the  year  remains  at  1 '.  per  cent.,  and  the  price,  after  being  dull,  as 
just  mentioned,  braced  up  to  2{^  later  on.  Henter^i  new  shares 
hardened  to  11,  and  Anglo-Portuguese  Telephone  Debenture  stock 
rose  1 J  to  102  upon  the  publication  of  a  report  that  was  read  as 
being  very  satisfactory. 

The  features  of  the  week,  however,  have  been  Marconi  shares 
and  National  Telephone  Deferred  stock.  Marconis  put  on  good  frac- 
tions, both  as  regards  the  Ordinary  and  Preference,  thanks  to  the 
appearance  of  the  report  of  the  Technical  Committee,  which  is 
looked  upon  as  evidence  that  the  Marconi  Company  possesses  the 
best  wireless  system  now  in  existence.  Prices  of  shares  in  the 
subsidiary  companies  hardened  with  those  of  the  parent,  Canadians 
being  particularly  active  at  Ills.  i»d.,  after  dipping  to  lis.  lOJd. 
On  Tuesday,  however,  the  market  became  duller  again.  National 
Telephone  Deferred  rose  to  21  upon  further  consideration  of  the 
figures  to  which  reference  was  made  here  last  week.  Speculation 
in  the  stock  revived  languidly,  but  amongst  actual  holders  there  is 
profound  discontent  at  the  way  in  which  they  have  been  paid  oflf 
through  the  operation"  of  the  Post  Office  purchase.  It  the  Post- 
master-Ceneral  happened  to  be  the  Member  of  Parliament  for  stock- 
holders in  the  National  Telephone  Company,  we  venture  to  think 
that  his  seat  at  the  present  time  would  not  be  one  of  the  most 
secure  to  be  found  in  the  constituencies. 

News  from  Mexico  continues  to  be  read  with  a  certain  nervousness, 
but  the  falls  in  the  prices  of  Mexican  srcurities  have  been  stayed. 
Mexico  Light  and  Power  Preference  is  a  point  down,  but  this  stock 
was  unaffected  in  the  slump  last  week.  The  Common  shares  are  1 
higher.  Slexico  Trams  Common  shares  and  the  First  Mortgage 
bonds  are  both  lower.  Monterey  Fives  fell  a  point.  Other  issues 
connected  with  this  group  show  a  firmer  tendency.  Brazilian 
Traction  at  y7i  is  unchanged.  The  market  went  dull  on  expecta- 
tion of  a  lo-million-doUar  issue  of  Preferred  shares.  Rio  Tramway 
bonds  lost  their  trifling  improvement  of  last  week.  Toronto  Power 
Debenture  hardened  to  par  middle,  and  Electric  Light  of 
Cochabamba  bonds  have  also  improved.  Vera  Cruz  Debenture 
stock  was  unaffected  by  the  issue  of  a  report  this  week  which 
showed  the  company  to  be  making  good  progress.  The  Anglo- 
Argentine  Tramway  division  is  steady.  Calcutta  Trams  are  i 
hi„'her.  The  Baltimore  Gm  and  Electric  Debenture  prospectus, 
particulars  of  which  were  given  here  last  week,  duly  appeared  on 
Monday  ;  it  must  b2  said  that  the  stock  looks  a  cheap  and  good 
investment. 

In  the  Manufacturing  division,  Callenders  and  Henleys  are  both 
better,  but  beyond  these  movements  there  is  little  to  chronicle. 
Edison  &  Swan  First  Debenture  eased  off  to  (!2.  The  rubber  share 
market  participated  in  the  better  tone  shown  by  the  Sto^k 
Eichange  as  a  whole  on  Monday,  and  prices  revived  to  some 
extent.  With  one  exception,  shares  in  the  copper  mining  concerns 
went  up  gaily,  and  the  prophets  are  as  confident  as  ever  that  the 
metal  itself  will  further  improve. 


ELECTRIC    TRAMWAY    AND    RAILWAY 
TRAFFIC    RETURNS. 


Month 

Receipts  for 

Ko. 

Route 

Locality. 

ended 

the 

of 

Total  to  date. 

miles 

(4  wks.) 

month. 

wks. 

open. 

£ 

JE' 

£ 

£' 

1 

Bath 

Uay    8 

8,188 

-    899 

18 

13,289 

-t-      231 

Blackpool-Fleetw'd 

„      3  1     1,580 

-    615 

17 

6,389 

1-      501       8 

Bristol 

„      2     28,')H 

1-2,619 

122,067     (11,672     30'5 

:Brit.Klec.Trac.Co. 

April  25     i<4,373 

-  6;8 

17 

308,660    -f21,8'-4      .. 

Cliatlmm  and  Diet. 

„    24       8,931 

-  Ji)l 

16 

13,518 

+      266    11-98 

Cork 

May     1       1,920 

-    1(J8 

17 

7,794 

—      119     8-89 

Dublin 

„      2     28,S88 

-    518 

97,077 

+      t77    ,54-25 

Hastings 

„      1       3,4)1 

-    8S6 

-     644     ia-3 

Lancashire  United 

\pril  30       5,6i8 

-       1 

17 

23,784 

^  2,274     83 

lilandudno-Col.  Bay 

„    25          817 

-    124 

21 

8,717 

1-       417 

(!-5 

London  United 

„    2)     2S,MJ 

-4,5  1 

90,510 

—  3,635 

Tyncsidc 

„    80       1,888     -    275 

18 

8,237 

-      407 

11 

Anglo-Argentine    . . 

„    2)     :30,676     ►54,S2'( 

918,255 

+  71,850 

Auckland 

„     11      20,216 

f  2,744 

199,' 11 

+  27,!67 

24-1 

•« 

Bombay  (B.E.T.)  .. 

Feb.  27     12,"6.' 

f    437 

9 

26,511 

f      629 

Brisbane 

March    j  -^6,370 

-  7,550 

13 

74,010 

+  81,486 

Brit.  Columbia  Rly. 

. . 

Calcutta 

May    a     17,C34 

f  1,816 

+  2,936 

Cape  Electric  T.  Ld. 

KalRoorlie,  W.A.  .. 

Mar.;h 

2,862 

13 

8,210 

20-5 

Madras 

April  80 

8,621 

t-    170 

14,181 

+  1,114 

14-7 

2 

Montevideo 

April 

30,087 

+  9,053 

26 

isg,  62 

+  ll,4t>0 

Cen.  London  Rly. 

May    8 

20,R7S 

f  4,023 

18 

96,5  6 

10,f81 

6-78 

'4 

City  i.  S.  Lon.  Rly. 
Dublin  I.uran  Rly. 

..      8 

11,6  0 

-    424 

18 

63,781 

-  4,U« 

7-i!6 

..      2 

033 

-     26 

18 

2,113 

+        «9 

7 

O.N.  mid  CitT  UlT. 

April  26 

6,3  C 

-    374 

17 

55,386 

-  3,278 

8-5 

L-|>ool  Ovcrlid  P.ly. 

..    27 

fi.iS'' 

^     199 

18 

2H,8-4 

'    1,54; 

6-6 

London  KIcc.Hy. Co. 

May    8 

5t<,no 

>  4,«0 

18 

161,775 

+   4,1-0 

31-25  . . 

Mtrstv  Railway     . . 

„      8 

P,7R8 

-    C57 

18 

4  ,614 

+  2,671 

46 

Metro|)Olitan  Rly. 

Apiil  27 

61,088 

.2,117 

n 

277,1 12 

3,  66 

26-75 

Met.  Dintrict  Rly. 

May    8 

52,181 

+  3,297 

18 

2:f7,13-) 

1-11,182 

25 

MARKET     QUOTATIONS. 

It  shonid  be  remembered,  in  making  use  of  the  figures  appearinfr 
in  the  following  list,  that  in  some  cases  the  prices  are  only  general, 
and  may  vary  according  to  quantities  and  other  circumstanoee. 


Wednesday,  May  7tli. 


CHEMICALS.  Ac. 

Latest 
Price. 

Fortnight's 
Ino.  or  Dec. 

a  Acid,  Hydrocblorio 

per  cwt. 

6/- 

m     „     Nitric 

22/- 
2Jd 

m     „     Oxalic            

per  lb. 

a     „      Sulphuric 

per  cwt. 

5/6 

a  Ammoniac  Sal        

42/. 

■  Ammonia,  Muriate  (large  crystal)  per  ton 

£29  10 

a  Bleaching  powder 

„ 

£6  5 

«  Bisulphide  of  Carbon 

jE18 

a  Borax  

£17  10 

a  Copper  Sulphate 

, 

•       £28  6 

a  Lead,  Nitrate         

1, 

£27 

a      „      White  Sugar 

^, 

£26  5 

■       „      Peroxide 

•£32 

e  Methylated  Spirit 

per  gal. 

2/6 

a  Potassium,  Bichromate,  in  casks 

per  lb. 

S^d. 

a  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %) 

per  ton 

£22  10 

a        „       Chlorate 

per  lb. 

3Ad. 

a        „       Perchlorate 

,, 

4id. 

a  Potassium,  Cyanide  (98/100  %) . . 

„ 

7id. 

(for  mining  purposes  only) 

a  Shellac          

per  cwt. 

Eo;- 

a  Sulphate  of  Magnesia 

per  ton 

£410 

a  Sulphur,  Sublimed  Flowers 

„ 

£610 

■        „         Recovered 

£610 

a        „        Lump      

J, 

£6 

a  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/72  %)   . . 

„ 

£10  6 

a      „     Chlorate        

per  lb. 

88d. 

a      „      Crystals          

per  ton 

£8  6 

a  Sodium  Bichromate,  casks 

per  lb. 

8d. 

•• 

METALS,  &C, 

b  Aluminium  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  . . 

per  ton 

£96 

b          „          Wire,  in  ton   lots  1 

£113 

a  to  14  H.W.Q.)  )■ 

b           „           Sheet,  in  ton  lots   . . 

£126 

i'S  inc. 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots     . . 

£50  to  £221 

c  Brass  (rolled  metal  2"  to  12"  basis) 

peiJ'lb. 

8Sd. 

c      „     Tube  (brazedl 

lOJd. 

c      „         „     (solid  drawn) 

9d. 

c      „     Wire,  basis 

82d. 

c  Copper  Tubes  (brazed)     . . 

lOJd. 
9id. 

c        „           „      (solid  drawn) 

g       „       Bars  (best  selected)- 

per  ton 

iS'' 

g       „       Sheet          

£85 

g       „      Rod 

£85 

d       „      (Electrolytic)  Bars 

£72  10 

d       „                 „           Sheets     .. 

£89  10 

d       „                 „           Rods 

£'i7  10 

d       „                 „           H.C.  Wire 

per  lb, 

9id. 

/  Ebonite  Rod            

4.6 

/       „         Sheet         

4/- 

a  German  Silver  Wire 

1/10 

b  Gutta-percha,  fine 

11-  to  8/- 

b  India-rubber,  Para  fine  . . 

3;6i 

ld,"lnc. 

/  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . . 

per  ton 

67/9 

7i  doc. 

/     „    Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual. 

£14 

g  Lead,  Enghsh  Pig 

£17  10 

£1  5s.  dec. 

m  Manganin  Wire  No.  28  . . 

per  lb. 

6/6 

.. 

g  Mercury         

per  bot. 

£7  10 

e  Mica  (in  original  cases)  small  . . 

per  lb. 

6d.  to  as. 

e      ,1               II           „      medium 

,^ 

8/6  to  6/- 

e      .,                ,.            „       large    .. 

,, 

7/6  to  11/- 

,, 

o  Nickel,  sheet,  wire,  Ac 

,, 

3/C  to  4/6  nom. 

p  PbospQor  Bronze,  plam  castings 

^ 

1/1  to  l/3i 

p         „            „    rolled  bars  &  rods 

,j 

1/03  to  1/9 

,, 

p         „           „  rolled  strip  &  sheet 

„ 

1/24  to  l/5i 

0  Platinum       

per  or, 

\^i: 

d  Silicium  Bronze  Wire 

per  lb. 

r  Steel,  Magnet,  in  bars      . . 

per  ton 

£S6 

J  Tin,  Block  (EngUsh) 

,^ 

£232  to  £233 

inc. 

a    „     Wire,  Nos.  1  to  16    . . 

per  lb. 

3/9 

2d.  ino, 

p  White  Anti-friction  Metals 

per  ton 

i'oO  to  £328 

k  Zinc,  Sb't  CVieille  Montague  bnd.) 

£29 

QnotatlonB  Bopplled  by— 


a  G.  Boor  &  Co, 

b  The  British  Aluminium  Co.,  Ltd, 
c  Thos.  Boltcn  A  Bona,  Ltd, 
d  Frederick  Smith  &  Oo. 
e  F,  Wiggins  &  Sons. 
/Indla-Bnbber,  Outts-Peroha   and 
Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd, 

f  James  &  Shakspeare, 
Edward  TUl  &  Co, 


/  Boiling  A  Lone, 

k  Morris  Ashby,  Ltd, 

/  Richard  Johnson  it  Nephew,  Ltd, 

m  W.  T.  Glover  4  Co.,  Ltd, 

a  P.  Ormiston  A  Boca 

o  Johnson,  Malthey  &  Oo.i  Ltd- 

r  W.  F.  Denoli  ft  OOi 


•  Compared  with  the  corresponding  period  of  1913. 
i  Includes  horse,  steam  and  other  receipts. 


Ernest  F.  Woy,  Ltd. — The  directors  report  that  during 
the  year  ended  December  ,3lEt,  r.'12.  a  profit  of  £G77  was  earned, 
which,  together  with  £2()2  brought  forward,  makes  £039  to  be  dealt 
with.  The  directors  propose  a  0  per  cent,  dividend  on  the  ordinary 
shares  (less  income-tax)  .<-180  ;  C  per  cent,  dividend  on  the  pre- 
ference shares  (less  income-tax)  £85  ;  income-tax  on  profit,  £39  ; 
balance  to  be  carried  forward,  £.S3G. 

Calcutta  Electric    Snpplj  Corporation,  Ltd.— The 

directors  have  decided  to  recommend  a  final  dividend  on  the 
ordinary  shares  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent,  per  annum  for  the  six 
months  ended  December  31st  last,  making  Si  per  cent,  for  the  year. 
Such  dividend  will  be  payable  on  1 6th  inst. 

Eastern   Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors  recom- 
mend the  payment  of  a  final  dividend  of  £1  58.  per  cent,  and  a' 
bonus  of  £2  per  cent.,  both  free  of  income-tax,  making,  with  pre- 
vious payments  on  account, a  total  distribution  of  7  per  cent,  on  the 
ordinary  stock  for  the  year  ended  December  31st,  1912. 


Vol.72.    No.  l.HfiO,  May  9,  I'JKl.] 


T[fK    KLECTRICAFi    TIKVIKW. 


781 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELXOTRIOAL     OOMPAHIES. 


EN6LI8II    ELECTRICITY   SUPPLY   AND  POWER   COMPANTES. 


BoamemoQth  ft  Puole,  Ord>    .. 

Do.    4i%Pref 

Do.    Booond  0  %  Pref, 

Do.    H  %  Dob.  Stock  . . 
Brompton  &  Eenelngton,  Ord... 

Do.    T3f>Cum.  Prof 

Oentral  Bleotrio  Bnpply,  4  %\ 

Qaar.  Deb.  I 

ChtrlDg  OroBB,  WsBt  ffind  &  Olty 

Do.    H  %  Cam.  Pref 

Do.    •^OUy     Underlsklng  " ) 
H  %  Onm.  Pref.  J 

Do.  Do.  4%  Deb 

Ohelses,  Ord 

Do.    4i%Deb 

City  ol  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Com.  Pref 

Do.    B%Deb 

Do.    4i  %  Second  Dob, 
County  of  Loudon,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do,    4i  %  Second  Deb, 
BdmnndBon'B,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6%  NonCum.  Pref.      .. 

Do.    4)  %  FlrBt  Mort.  Deb,  . . 
Folkestone 

Do,    E  %  Com.  Pref 

Do.    4i%  First  Deb 

HoTe 


10 

10 

stock 

100 

10 

10 

Stock 

Stock 

£3 

6 

6 

too 

6 

6 

100 

6 


Ulosing 
Quotfttlons 
.May  lilli. 


10  —  10, 

i)8  —  1)8 
«!-  H 
H-     HJ 

U5  —  98 
44-  5 
4i-  48 
83-     H 

9U-  98i 
4i—     6 

96  -  99 
Ifi  —  174 
12  —  13 

116  —190 
100  — lOQ 
104-  11 
113—  12% 
104  —106 

97  —100  xd 

4J-  48 

lis-  a.-:, 
ei  —  84 

44-  6 
44—  6 
90  —  92 

7i-  n 


Rise  Preienl 
+  or     Yield 
Fall       P.O. 


+  A 


M  «.  d. 
0  IR  5 
4  14  9 
6  14  H 
4  II  10 
fi  6  8 
8  18  10 

4  I     8 

5  0  0 
4  17    4 


6    0    0 
4  10  11 


4  10 
4    8 


6    9     1 
4  19    0 


4  10 
Nil 


6    7    2 
6    0    0 

5  0    0 
4  17  10 

6  16    3 


8'?''*    DlTldendB'    „.'?.•??,'!■ 


Qtiolall'ini 
May  fith. 


KenilDgion  A  KnlgblabrldKe,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  Eloo.  Power,  44  %  Deb.  .. 
London  Kloctric,  Ord 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.  4  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  .. 
Metropolitan  

Do,    H  %  Oam.  Prof 

Do.    4l  %  First  Mort,  Deb.  . . 

Do,     84%  Mort,  Dob 

Midland   Elcotrlo  Corporation  | 

44  %  First  Mort.  Deb,  ; 

North  Metropolitan  Power  Snp- 1 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  / 

NolllDg    Hill,    6  %  Non-Cam.  I 

Pref.) 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mali,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Booth  London,  Ord 

Do.  6  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . . 
Sonth  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref.. . 

Do.  44  %  First  Deb.  Btook  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6%Cnm.  Pref 

Do.  44%Flr8t  Mort,  Deb, .. 
Westminster,  Ord,         ..        .. 

Do,    44%  Cam,  Pre! 


Btook 
Stock 


100 

1 

100 

£a 

6 

100 

6 

t 


71- 

n 

W- 

98 

76- 

DO 

1»- 

ii 

91  - 

ttt 

^ 

'li 

On  — 

01 

If2  — 

K, 

09  -102 
974-1004 

9|-  m 

6j-  m 

84—  0 
8j-  7J 
84-87 
21-  8t 
97  —100 
l'.>-  lA 
£6  —  »J 

aP  4 

83  —  P6 
84—  U 
6-    tj 


RiM    PreMnl 
-f  or     rielo 
rail       p,o. 


J  (.  d. 

-  t  I  6  14  * 

..       4    «  0 

(  13  A 

4    0  0 

..     '  6  17  1 

4    6  1 

6    0  8 

4  17  4 

4    B  8 

4    3  4 

4    8 


«  13 
5  11 
4  16 


+   k 


6  17  11 
4  10    6 


6  3  8 
6  11  1 
4     8    9 


COLONLiL  AND  FOREieN  ELECTRICITY  SUPPLY  AND  POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Fief. 

OalODtta,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  1st  Mort,  Eds, 
Canadian  Oen.  El.  Com, 

Do,    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt,,  Power  and  T.,  Ord, 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Bleo.  Lt.  and  P,  of  C  ocbabamba, ) 

1  %  Bonds ) 

Bleo,  Bapply  Victoria,  6  %  Ist  I 

Mort.  Deb, ) 

Bleo.  Dot,  Ontario,  6   %   Ist) 

Mort.  Bonds  / 

Kalgoorlie  Eleo.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

KamlnlBtlqalaPower,5%  G.  Bs. 

Madras,  Ord.         

Melbourne,  6  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt.,  6%  Ist  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do,    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Do,    6  %  Ist  Mori.  Gold  Bds, 


6 

6 

B 

6 

8* 

7t 

6 

h 

100 

6 

«;ioo 

7 

$100 

7 

1 

H 

too 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

5 

$600 

6 

6 

10/. 

Nil 

1 

K 

6 

$500 

6 

6 

5 

Nil 

100 

R 

6 

6 

6 

$100 

4 

4) 

$100 

7 

7 

6 

6 

6—6 

6  14  8 

6  19  4 

4J-  6 

4  17  7 

93  -  95 

5  6  8 

116  -119 

5  17  8 

120  -125 

6  12  0 

H-     i 

6  14  3 

94  -  96 

6  4  2 

934  -  964 

6  6  0 

90-  93 

5  7  6 

95  -  97 

5  3  1 

A-  A 

Nil 

a-   §ixa 

8  6  8 

ICO  -102 

4  18  0 

li-  n 

102  -106 

4  is  3 

81  -  84 

6  19  1 

75  -  78 

+  1 

5  2  7 

101  — 103xd 

+  1 

6  16  0 

91^-  984 

6  7  0 

Monterey  RIy.  Light  A  Power, 
6  %  1st  Mort,  Deb. 
Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power  . 
Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal,  1 
6  %  let  Mort.  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref,      . . 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Boy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  % ) 

1st  Mort,  Deb,  J 

Shawlnigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb, 
Vera  Crur  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  6  %  1 
1st  Mort,  Deb.  / 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 
West  Eootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 
Ist  Mort,  6  %  Gold  / 


100 

c 

6 

$100 

8 

9t 

$500 

6 

6a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

6 

6 

Do. 

6 

6 

100 

«4 

*4 

$100 

6 

6 

$600 

6 

6 

Btook 
Do. 

n 

n 

100 

6 

6 

I 

Hid. 

I7id. 

100 

6 

6 

81  -  84 
229  —234  xd 
15  —  25 

217  —227 

105  —110 
100  -102 
100  —102 

1974  -1424 
107  —109 
1014—1034 

99  —101 

91  —  94 

a-   n 

106  -108 


6  19 
a  17 


4    8  0 

6    9  1 

4  18  0 

4    8  3 

3  10  3 

4  11  9 
4  7  0 
4    9  0 

6    6  5 


1:£LE6RAPH   AND   TELEPHONE   COMPANIES. 


AmBion  Telegraph 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Bed.     . 
American  Telep.  &  Teleg,,  Cap. 

Do.    Collat.  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  •  Portagueee   Tel.,  6  %  ) 
Mort.  Deb.  j 

ChlU  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Btlg.  4%  Deb. 
Onba  Telegraph 

Do.    10%  Pref 

Direct  Bpanlsh  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.    10%  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg.  Deb,  / 
Eastern  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do.    84%  Pref.  Stock.. 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb.    ..     '  .. 
Eastern  Extension  ..        ,, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  B.   Africa  Tel.  4  %) 
Mt.  Db,  Mauritius  Sab. ) 
Globe  Telegraph  and  Trnst 

Do,    6%Pre{ 

Great  Northern  Telegraph  , 
Indo-European  Telegraph  ., 
Uaokay  Companies  Common  . , 

Do.    4%  Cum.  Pref.    .. 
Uaroonl's  WlrelesB  Telegraph 

Do.    1.%  Com,  Fartic,  Pref. 


10 

4 

<4+ 

stock 

6 

6 

$100 

8 

Bt 

$1000 

4 

4 

Stock 

H 

8 

Do. 

6 

6 

Do. 

80/- 

100 

5 

6 

6 

7 

8 

Btook 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

4t 

5 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

100 

44 

*J 

Stock 

7 

7t 

Do. 

U4 

B4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7+ 

Btook 

4 

4 

36 

i 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

H 

« 

10 

18 

20 

36 

13 

13 

100 

5 

6 

$100 

4 

4 

1 

20 

1 

17 

644- 
UOA- 
2lj- 


m- 


64- 


in- 


-    7g 

6  2  0 

-  99 

6  1  0 

-134 

6  19  6 

-  94 

4  5  1 

-  664  xt 

-  4 

4  10  3 

-112ixd 

6  7  8 

-  244 

-  4 

6  2  6 

-103 

-H4 

4  17  1 

-  7iS 

5  1  1 

-  86 

■f  A 

4  13  0 

-  94 

6  0  4  1 

-  17 

6  17  8 

-  8i 

6  R  8 

-  7J 

+  i 

6  18  0 

-  7 

5  14  4  ' 

-101 

4  9  0 

-138 

6  1  6 

-  794 

., 

4  8  1 

■  96 

4  3  4 

m 

+  h 

6  2  7 

97 

4  2  6 

ICOxd 

4  0  0  [ 

Hi 

6  6  8 

134 

4  11  4 

32, 

6  8  1 

61 

6  6  7 

86 

5  16  3 

72 

5  11  1 

44 

+  A 

4  9  0 

H 

-1-  i  4  7  9  1 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord, .. 

Do.    6%  Pref.    .. 
New  York  Telep.,  44%  Gen.  Bnds. 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo. 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4  %  Red,  Deb 

Faoiflo  and  Enropean  Tel,,  4  % ) 

Guar.  Debs.  / 

Reuter'B        

Do.     New  Shares 
Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  4}  % ) 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to     ,600) 

guar,  by  Braz.  Sub,  Tel.  / 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  iBt  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  3nd  Pref, 

Do.    6  %  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

6 

6t 

I 

6 

6 

100 

Kt 

44 

1 

8 

6+ 

1 

6 

S 

stock 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

t 

10 

10 

IW 

10 

Cert. 

8 

6 

Stock 

44 

44 

6 

8 

6 

6 

6 

94 

^ 

100 

4 

4 

10 

1} 

u+ 

10 

b 

0 

10 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

10 

7 

7t 

stock 

4 

4 

$1000 

44 

44 

1-    14  xd 

973-  iSi 

i}3-  m 

li-U 

68  —  90 

974—  994 

llj-  113 
io«-  114 

124  -127 

964-  984 

7ii-    7U 
64-    68 

u-  14 

96  —  98 


2}2-    3,' 

lui—  10; 

9i—  10 

101  —103 

IS  —  134 

96  —  97 


6    6    8 
6  14    3 

+  i    4  11   a 


+  i 


8  11 
0  6 
13    0 


1    8 
11    7 


4  11     0 


^ 


'Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid. 


a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  wairants. 


t  Interim  Dividend, 


J  8s.  in  Funded  Dividend  CeiM. 


C0^T1NUED    ON    NEXT,  .PAGE, 


782 


THE    ELECTEICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol 


No.  1,850,  Mat  0,  1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OF    ELECTRICAL    OOTO.PA'tflEB.—CContinved.-) 

ELECTRIC   RAILWAYS   AND   TRAJrWAIS.-HOME. 


RAUB, 


Bstb  Truns,  Prel,  Orl 

Do.    B%Pref 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Brit.  Elee.  Tr»o.,  6  %  Pref.     .. 

Do,        DOi  Deferred 

Do.        Do.  6%Cum.Pr'f. 

Do.  7%  Non-Cam.  Pr'l. 

Do.  6?.Perp.  Deb.      .. 

Do.  4)  %  2nd  Deb. 

C  antral  Etondon  Railway,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Det 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

City  &  8.  London,  fi  %  Pref.,  1891 

Do,         Do.         1896    .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1903    .. 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Oreal  Nortbem  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Hastings  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4^  %  Deb 

8le  of  Tbanet  Tramg,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Lancasbire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Elec.  Railw'yB,4  %  Dab. 
London  United  Trams,  6  %  Pre(. 

Do,    4%  Deb 


1 
1 

100 

too 

100 

too 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 


100 

too 

100 
10 
100 


DlTldradi 

(or 

1911. 

1913. 

Nil 

Nil 

S 

6 

a 

*4 

'e 

6 

5 

6 

44 

*ll 

u 

B 

i 

4 

a 

3 

4 

4 

E 

6 

5 

R 

6 

5 

e 

5 

4 

4 

Nil 

Nil 

6 

6+ 

n 

.V 

4 

4 

5 

B 

4 

4 

Nil 

4 

4 

• 

Oloelng 
Qaotatlons 
May  6th. 


74  -  77 
Pi-  104 
34-  5J 
83  —  86 
82-35 
88  —  S2 
73  —  77xd 
83  —  84 
84-86 
80  —  ca 
f9  -Ifl 

100  —102 

100  —102 
9«  -101 
97  -KO 
n  —  93  xd 
2}-    24 

6^2-  71  j 
24-    98 

76  —  80 

73-80 

94  —  96 
4i-     5 

63  —  67 


Rlie  !  Present 

+  or     TIeia 

Fall       P.O. 


M  t.  d. 

NU 
6    8    1 
6  17    0 


:4  15  8 

:i  13  0 

:i  17  7 

3  19  8 

4  18  0 
4  18  0 

4  19  0 

5  0  0 
4    6  0 


Nil 
7 


Metropolitan  Railway  Ooniol. .. 

Do,     Sarplas  Lands     ., 

Do,    84%  Deb 

Do,    3j%Pref 

Do.    84%  Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  Distriot  Ord, 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Do,    4%  Prior  Lien    ,. 

Do,    44%  First  Pref 

Do,    B4%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Elec,  Trams,  Ord, 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    44%  Deb 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Bontb  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Underground     Elec,    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cam.  Inc.  Deb 

Do.    44%  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Torkebire  (West  Riding),  Ord, 

Do.  6%  Pref 

Do.  44  %  Deb 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 

100 

1 

1 

100 

1 

100 
10 

1/- 

100 
100 
100 
B 
6 
100 


Dividends 
for 


Closing 
Qnotations 

May  6th. 


6Ji  -  63 
62'—  64 
85  —  t7 
62  —  84 

80  —  82 
39*-  JO 

138"— 140 
94  —  96 
96  —  98  xd 
85  —  87 
75-77 

r-  ft" 

87  -  91 
91J-  944 

ti^    it 
81-87 

J*-  i^ 
65  —  70 

4i-     44 

S5-     ih 

109  —111 
97-99 
92  —  98 

4^    3 

81  —  85 


Rise 
+  or 
FaU 


+  U 


+  4 

-^1 


ELECTRICAL   RAILWAYS   AND   TRAMWAYS.-COLONIAL  AND   FOREIGN. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  1st  Pref,     . . 

Do.    Snd  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    B%Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Elec.  8.  A  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%3ndDeb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light   and  ) 

Power  / 

Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ord,     . . 

Do,     6%  Pref 

Do,    44%  Deb 

B,  Columbia  Elec,  Rly,,  Def,    .. 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    4}  %  let  Mort.  Deb.      . . 

Do,    44  %  Vancouver  Deb,   .. 

Do,    4^%  Con.  Deb 

Calcutta  Trams,  Ord 

Do,     6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

City  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr.  A  Lt.,  6  %  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Ealgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  . . 

Do.    E%ADeb 

Do,    8%BDeb 


E 
B 

n 

It 

100 

4 

4 

100 

*h 

44 

100 

E 

E 

100 

E 

E 

10 

6 

6 

100 

4 

44 

100 

E 

E 

$100 

6t 

B 

S 

8t 

E 

E 

6 

100 

44 

U 

100 

R 

Hi 

100 

6 

5 

100 

B 

E 

40 
100 

4 
4 

4 
4 

100 

4 

4 

E 

7 

5 

B 

E 

E 

100 

44 

44 

1 

!»4 

I        B 

6 

6t 

'     100 

4 

4 

100 

R 

E 

(1000 

6 

S 

1 

Nil 

100 

E 

B 

100 

6 

8 

m-  5A 

5    8    7 

4.".-  iU 

6  14     3 

904—  924 

4    6    6 

99  — ICl 

4    9    1 

99  -101 

4  19    0 

101  —103 

4  17    1 

loj-  U4 

5    4     4 

96-98 

4  11  10 

97  —  99 

6    10 

964-98*  xd 

6    1  10 

rn 

6    5    0 
4  15    8 

100  —103 

4     7    5 

131  -134  xd 

6  19    6 

114  -117 

+  ? 

6    2    7 

103  —106 

4  14    4 

100  —103 

4    7    6 

100  -102 

4    8    3 

944-  964 

-  * 

4    8    1 

58-    64  xd 

+  4 

5  14     3 

otI-ioo^ 

4  17    7 
4    9    7 

H H 

U'z^^' 

4  io  0 

4    0  10 

8O4-  944  xd 

E    5  10 

97  —101 

4  19    0 

8^88* 

NU 
E  18    8 

25  —  35 

La  Plata  EHeo.  Trms,  Ord, 

Do,    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec,  Trams,  Ord. 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb,  . . 
ManaoB  Trams  &  Lt.,  Ist  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec.  R,  and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  C!om 

Do.    Qen.  Con.  5  %  Bonds    .. 

Do.    6  %  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys.  &  Lt.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    5%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W. A.)  Elec,  Tr.,  Ord,    .. 

Do.    5%  1st.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Sup.,  Pref. .. 

Do.    44  %  Ist  Deb 

Rlode  Janeiro  Trams,  IstMort. ) 
5  %  Bonds  / 

Do,    6  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Sao  Paolo  Tram,  Lt,  and  P,  [ 
E  %  1st  Deb,  J 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Southern  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  B  %  Deb. 
Un.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  let  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo.  Blj.,  44  %  Deb. 


1 

Nil 

1 

1 

R 

1 

6 

6t 

1 

8 

6 

100 

B 

100 

6 

100 

6- 

«IOO0 

B 

$100 

T 

Ti 

B 

100 

6 

B 

10 

10 

B 

R 

100 

B 

1 

5 

64 

100 

E 

E 

6 

« 

fl 

100 

44 

44 

E 

6 

100 

E 

B 

t600 

E 

B 

100 

E 

E 

100 

E 

E 

E 

T 

fit 

fi 

B 

6 

100 

E 

B 

100 

44 

44 

iil 

1-    li 

,, 

92  —  97 

103  -105 

88  —  91 

+  1 

97  -100 

107  —109 

914—  9.^4 

—1 

974-iKt* 

7-74 

4S-    &i 

994-1014 

lA- yi 

105  —106 

68-    5J 

97  —  99 

101 J -1023 

.. 

954-  964 

-i 

1004-1034 

834-  874 

96-98 

4J-     68 

H-    58 

96  -  99  xd 

+  4 

99  -103 

MANUFACTURINe  COMPANIES. 


Aran,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Baboock  A  Wllooz 

Do.     Pref 

British  Aluminium,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  8tk 

B.I.  ft  Belsby  Cable 

Do.     Pref.  

Do.    Deb 

Brii.sb  Thomson-Houston,  Deb, 
British  Westinghouse,  Pref,    , . 

Do,    Deb 

Do,    6  %  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do.     Pref 

Brush.  7%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb,     .. 

Do,    44%  Deb 

Do,    44  %  Second  Deb, 
Calender's  Cable 

Do,     Fret,  

Do.     Geb 

Uaitner-Eellner 

Do.    Deb 


I 

R 

1 

R 

6 

1 

38 

16 

1 
1 

R 
Nil 

8 

1 

Nil 

R 

100 

6 

E 

100 

E 

6 

6 

10 

10 

E 

6 

6 

100 
100 

Ji 

a 

8 

Nft 

NO 

100 

4 

« 

100 

fi 

fi 

1 

1 

s 

Nil 

NU 

100 

E 

B 

1    100 
'     100 

It 

It 

E 

IE 

lot 

E 

E 

6 

100 

44 

44 

1 

30 

30 

100 

44 

44 

8    0    0 

7    2    2 

-A 

5    2    6 

4    3    6 

5  17    2 

6    4     2 

5  14  11 

0    5    0 

4  16    0 

4    6    7 

4  11  10 

NU 

5  19    5 

6  18  10 

NU 

Nil 

Nil 

8    8    3 

10    9    4 

16  13    4 

+  i 

6    2    6 

4  17    7 

4    9    1 

E    0    0 

4     4  11 

Crompton  A  Co,    ..        .. 

Do.    Deb 

Dick,  Kerr 

Do.    Pref 

Edison  &  Swan,  A,  MB  paid 

Do,    fully  paid  .. 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Do,    5  %  Second  Deb. 
Electric  Construction    .. 

Do.    Pref 

Oreennood  &  Batley,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

General  Electric,  (>%  Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Indla-Rnbber,  Q,  A  T,    . . 

Do.    Pref 

Telegraph  Oonstmotion.. 

Do.    Deb 

Wlllans  A  Robinson 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 


8 

HU 

too 

E 

E 

1 

S 

Nil 

1 

fi 

8 

E 

Nil 

E 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

100 

E 

fi 

3 

34 

8} 

9 

T 

T 

10 

T 

t 

100 

6 

6 

10 

B 

« 

100 

4 

4 

E 

15 

IB 

E 
100 

n 

^ 

10 

74 

10 

fi 

E 

13 

174 

20 

100 

4 

4 

1 

Nil 

E 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

I-   I 

66  —  67 


^ 


i|-  li 

80-61 
70  —  73 
1,"S-    JA 


8 
93  —  94 

10  —  102 
88  —  93 
m-  18 

45—    E 
101  —108 

11  —  12 
9  —  10 

36  —  88 
96-90 

K      t 
E7  —  69 


UnJet   otherwise  stated,  all  share   are  folly  paid.        t  Interim  dividend.       i  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Electric  Railways. 


Bank  rata  of  Discount  44  p«r  cynt.,  April  17th,  1913. 


ii 


Vol.72.    No,  l,«r.o,  May  '.),  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


788 


METAL    MARKET. 
FluctiiHtlonH  in  April. 


TRADE    STATISTICS    OF    SOUTH    AFRICA. 


SPELTER    (G.O.B's.). 

Apkil   12   3    17   8  9  101114151617182122232425282930 


JESO 
29 
28 
27 
26 
2& 
24 
23 
22 
2  1 
20 


"^ 

~" 

- 

-- 

- 

_ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

^ 

^ 

— 

-. 

— 

— 

— 

s 

/ 

_ 

LEAD    (ENGLISH). 

Apiul  12   3    4   7    8   ;)  KMl  I4151t;i7182122232425282>j:'.0 


JB20 
19 

_ 

_ 

_ 

= 



_, 

_ 

^ 

_ 

— 

— 

— 

_ 

_ 

18 

- 

— 

— 

=^ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— ' 

=^ 

— ^ 

"" 

16 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 

_ 





u 

IRON. 

Aprii-  12  3  4  7  8  0  1011  14  15  Ki  171821  222324  25282930 
75/- 
74/- 
73/- 
72/- 
71/- 
70/-- 
69/- 
68/- 
67/- 
66/- 
65/- 


1 — 

1     1     1 

/ 

v 

S^nTr.H. 

^ 

r- 

\ 

"" 

^ 

L  J 

LJ 

/ 

\ 

--' 

-- 

/ 

^ 

CLEVELANiyi 

— 

\ 

— 

■^^ 

,^ 

/ 

N 

" 

April 
je235 
234 
233 
232 
231 
230 
229 
228 
227 
226 
225 
224 
223 
222 
221 
220 
219 
218 
217 
216 
215 


TIN. 

12   3   4   7   8  9  101114151617182122232425282930 


:^v 

f^ 

-4     \          ^1 

i\t     -fe  V^L 

/-\/-     j^  \^ 

1 

i 

-     t 

t 

r^ 

1 

-VV                 J 

/^        >— ^ 

^7                                          it 

-^r- 

COPPER    (G.M.B's.). 


April   12   3    4    7   8   9  1011  14  15  !(i  17  1821  222324  25282930 
£75 


Cirencester. — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  install  an 
electrical  recorder  at  the  waterworks  pumping  station,  at  a  coat,  in- 
cluding: poles  and  wires,  of  £157, 


TllK  followini;  Htatfiincnt,  Hhowiii^  thn  iuifx^rt*!  of  <rloctri':*l  and 
Himilar  iroodH  into  Iho  I'nioii  of  K)Uth  Africa  'lurintr  th<!  ye»r  1912, 
haB  iMitiii  taken  from  tim  recently  iwued  oll'i':ial  trade  HtatiHtico. 
The  lijfiiroH  for  1911  are  added  for  i>\iT\>inf»  at  compariion,  and 
notoH  of  any  inorcaweo  or  decreaHPH  are  (fiven  :  — 


f)rli>Hatiir.i.-- 

From  Great  ISritain 
,,      Oermany    ... 

Total 

Fax''.' 

From  Great  Britain 
„  Germany  ... 
„      Other  countries 

Total 
Axhmlos  maim  I  act  II  ri:-!.-  - 

From  Great  Britain 
„      Other  countries 

Total 

Jirnx-t  Maiiii/acliiifx. — 

From  Great  Britain 
,,  Germany  ... 
,,      Other  countries 

Total 
Copper,  plate  and  slirrt. — 
From  Great  Britain 

Copper  iiiaiiii''uelun:t. — 

From  Great  Britain 

Other  countries 


l»ll. 


23.000 
9,000 


32,000 


75,000 

37,000 

2,000 


1012. 


:i0,ooo 
11,000 


1!,000 


79.000 

4«,(iOO 

1,000 


114,000         12i;,000 


.■,00 
1,700 

2,200 


21,000 
1 .000 
2,000 

27,000 


2,000 
1,000 


Total 


Electrical.  fttiiKjs,  iiicliidi//;/  /losts.— 


Total 
Lamps  and  lainpirare. — 

From  Great  Britain 
,,      Germany    ... 
United  States 
„      Other  countries    . 

Total 

Machine  haiidx  and  he/tin;/. 

From  Great  Britain 
„  United  States 
,,      Other  countries 

Total 

Klectriciil  macliinerij. — 
From  Great  Britain 
„      Germany     ... 
„      United  States 
,,      Other  countries 

Total 
Craiie.i.  elerators  and  lit'tn.- 
From  Great  Britain 
„      United  States 
„      Other  countries 

Total 


41,000 


19,000 

18,000 

10,000 

1,000 

48,000 


114,000 

37,000 

2.000 


42,000 


19.000 

16,000 

11,000 

1,000 

47,000 


102,000 

29.000 

2.000 


1.53,000         133,000 


528,000         435,000 


30,000 
3.000 


33,000 


33,000 
4,000 
2.000 

39,000 


Inr. 


3,000  -f 


£ 
7.O00 
2,000 

9,000 


4.0<)0 
9,0f)0 
1,000 

12.000 


2,500 
300 

2.800 


5,000 


37.000 
2,000 
2,000 

41,000 


4,000 


4,000         +         2,000 
1,000  — 


+       13,000 
+        l.oOO 


-f       14.000 


Total 

3,000 

.-.,000 

+         2,000 

Electrical  cable  and  wire— 

From  Great  Britain 
,,      Germany    ... 
„      Other  countries    ... 

152,000 
62,000 
1 3,000 

142,000 

30,000 

4,000 

—  10.000 

—  32,000 

—  9,000 

227,000         176,000         —      51,000 


From  Great  Britain 

„      Germany 

„      Holland      

,,      United  States 

„      Other  countries     ... 

139,000 
92,000 

1,000 
19.000 

9,000 

260,000 

31,000 
5.000 
5,000 

170,000 
87,000 

1,000 
2  3, ooo 

8,000 

+ 

-f 
-f 

31,000 
5,000 

4.000 
1,000 

Total 

India-riihher  of  all  l'ind-<. — 

From  Great  Britain 

Germany 

„      United  States 

289,000 

33,000 
2,000 
7.000" 

29,000 

2,000 
.3,000 
2.000 

1,000 


2,000 
1.000 


1,000 


—  12,000 

—  8.000 


20,000 


170,000 

140,000 

— 

30,000 

318,000 

238,000 

— 

80,000 

39,000 

50,000 

+ 

1 1,000 

1,000 

7,000 

+ 

i;,ooo 

93,000 


3,000 
1,000 
2,000 

6.000 


fSi 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,860,  Mat  9,  1913. 


-Vi  n  i  II f]  niachi  nery. — 

From  Great  Britain 
„  Oermany  ... 
„  United  States 
„      Other  countries 

Total 


1911. 

£ 

605,000 

116,000 

145,000 

11,000 


1912. 

£ 

483,000 

72,000 

128,000 

7,000 


Inc.  or  dec. 
£ 

—  122,000 

—  44,000 

—  1 7,000 

—  4,000 


877,000         690,000        —    187,000 


Machint-rij  not  tperinUi/  mPntioncd  (other 
than  agricultural,  niainifucturing,  <Vt.).- 
From  Great  Britain        ...        410,000 

„      Germany 22,000 

„      United  States       ...  4ti,000 

„      Other  countries     ...  10,000 


369,000 
38,000 
45,000 
12,000 


51,000 

16,000 

1,000 

2,000 


Total 


488,000         454,000         —      34,000 


ailwai/  railn. — 

From  Great  Britain 

Belgium     

„      Germany 

„      United  States 

6,000 
10.000 
60,000 

2,000 

13,000 
4,000 

51.000 
3,000 

+ 

7,000 
6.000 
9,000 
1,000 

Total 


78,000 


71,000 


—        7,000 


I'eh-j/nijih  tiiid  telephone  mateiiid  — 
From  Great  Britain 
„      Germany    ... 

„      Sweden       

„      United  States 

„      Other  countries    .. 

Total 


Tramuaij  rails. —  r 

From  Great  Britain 

„      Germany 

„      United  States 

Total 

Tramwaij  roUiiig-xtthh. — 
From  Great  Britain 
„      United  States 

Total 

Other  tramwaij  materinU. 

From  Great  Britain 
,,  Germany  ... 
„      United  States 

Total 

In    addition    to    the    above 
"  Government  Stores  "  :— 

Sraxxira  re. — 

From  United  Kingdom  ... 

Copper,  plite  and  sheft.— 
From  United  Kinpdom  ... 

Electrical  cahle  and  irirr. — 

From  United  Kingdom  ... 
„      Germany 

Total 
Electric  Jitt  i  iiqs.  — 

From  United  Kingdom  ... 
,,      Germany 

Total 
Jndia-ruhhcr. — 

From  United  Kingdom  ... 
Lampirare. — 

From  United  Kingdcni  ... 

Crane*  and  rlir.iturx, — 
From  United  Kingdom  ... 

Electrical  machinery. — 
From  United  Kingdom  ... 

Other  machinery. — 

From  United  Kingdom  ... 
{       „      Other  countries     ... 

Total 


5,000 
1,000 
8,000 

2,000 

9,000 
1,000 
4,000 
1,000 
2,000 

+ 
+ 

4,000 

4,000 
1,000 

16,000 

17,000 

+ 

1,000 

5.000 
4,000 
8,000 

1,000 
7,000 
3,000 

+ 

4,000 
3,000 
5,000 

17,000- 


3,000 
1,000 


4,000 


8.000 
1,000 
4,000 

13,000 


11,000 


4,000 
2,000 


6,000 


9,000 
1,000 
1.000 


+        l.Ono 
+         1,000 


1,000 


+         1,000 
—        3  OCO 


the    following   were 


11,000        —       2,000 
imported    as 


5,000 

4,000 

— 

1,000 

15,000 

19.0C0 

+ 

4,000 

65.000 
1,000 

57,000 
2,000 

+ 

!^,(i00 
1,000 

66,000 

69,000 

7,000 

15,000 

14,000 
1,000 

+ 

1.000 
1,000 

1.5,000 

15,000 

- 

9,000 

6,000 

- 

4,000 

2,000 

2,000 

- 

28,000 

1,000 

- 

27,000 

14,000 

22,000 

+ 

8,000 

52,000 
3,000 

58,000 
4,000 

+ 
+ 

6,000 
1,000 

55,000 


62,000 


7,000 


Itailway  rails. — 

From  United  Kingdom 
„      Germany    ... 
„      United  States 
,,      Belgium     ... 

Total 


1911. 

£ 
39,000 
25,000 


1912. 

£ 

319,000 
53,000 
44,000 
34,000 


Inc.  or  dec. 
£ 

+  280,000 

+  28,000 

+  44,000 

+  28,000 


70,000         450,000         +    380,000 


Telegrajyh  and  telephone  material. — 

From  United  Kingdom  ...  63,000 

„      Sweden       17,000 


88,000 
32,000 


+      25,000 
+      15,000 


Total 


80.000         12(1.000         +•     40,000 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


On  Phase-AdvunciDii:. 

By  Db.  GiSBEBT  Kapp,  Past  President  I.E.E. 

{Ahstiuict    of  paper    read    before   the  INSTITUTION   01'  ElKCTKICAL 

Engineers,  At^HI  24///,  19J3;a/A<)  at   Jiirminyham  and 

Kcwcantle.') 

If  the  current  sent  out  from  a  power  house  has  a  lagging  com- 
ponent, this  may  be  compensated  and  the  power  factor  brought  to 
unity  by  connecting  to  the  circuit  some  apparatus  taking  a  leading 
current.  A  well-known  form  of  such  apparatus  is  an  over-pxcited 
synchronous  motor,  and  it  has  also  been  suggested  to  use  an  electro- 
static condenser  for  this  purpose.  Whichever  apparatus  is  used, 
the  improvement  takes  place  from  the  generator  up  to  the  point  of 
attachment,  but  not  beyond.  The  apparatus  must  therefore  not  be 
installed  in  the  power  house,  for  there  it  would  only  relieve  the 
generators  of  wattlei*s  current,  and  not  the  line.  Apart  from  this 
imperfection  it  can  easily  be  shown  that  this  method  is  wasteful 
both  in  capital  outlay  and  in  running  cost. 

To  compeneate  for  a  power  factor  of  OS  by  a  rotary  condenser, 
the  cost  of  the  electrical  plant  will  be  increased  by  (iO  per  cent, 
over  a  generator  designed  large  enough  for  this  power  factor — and 
the  cost  of  the  steam  plant  and  the  expenses  for  power  will  bnth  be 
increased  by  about  4  per  cent.  Obviously  it  is  a  wrong  policy  to 
install  the  phase  advancer  side  by  side  with  the  generator. 

The  same  reasoning  applies  to  an  electrostatic  condenser.  The 
losses  would  probably  be  a  little  smaller,  but  to  save  20  per  cent, 
of  generator  volt-amperes  we  should  have  to  put  in  75  per  cent,  of 
condenser  volt-amperes,  obviously  the  reverse  of  a  commercial 
proposition.  We  may  thus  dismiss  at  once  the  idea  of  installing 
any  kind  of  phase-advancing  apparatus  in  the  power  house,  and 
turn  to  the  only  practical  plan  of  putting  such  apparatus  at  the 
end  of  the  line  or  on  the  customer's  premises. 

Here  we  may  distinguish  two  cases.  First  the  reduction  of  the 
phase  angle  of  the  installation  as  a  whole  without  any  change  in 
the  power  factors  of  individual  motors  or  other  consuming  devices  ; 
and  secondly,  the  increase  of  the  power  factor  of  individual  motors 
The  former  plan  is  too  expensive  for  general  adoption  and  can  only 
be  justified  if  the  cost  of  the  line  has  a  preponderating  influence.  It 
is  the  only  possible  method  where  the  consuming  devices  are 
squirrel-cage  motors,  arc  lamps,  induction  furnaces,  and  similar 
appliances  ;  and  then  it  becomes  a  question  whether  it  will  be  more 
profitable  to  put  in  a  phase  advancer  or  to  Lay  an  additional  line 
and  install  additional  generators  if  the  plant  must  be  extended. 

If  the  phase  advancer  is  a  synchronous  motor  it  requires,  an 
exciter,  starter  and  synchroniser.  The  cost  of  such  a  machine  with 
its  adjuncts  would  hardly  be  less  than  £2  per  k.v..\.  capacity,  and 
every  additional  kilowatt  set  free  for  .'»ale  is  obtained  at  a  capital 
outlay  of  from  £7  to  £10.  The  financial  position  is  not  improved 
by  replacing  the  dynamic  machine  by  an  electrostatic  condenser. 
In  the  discussion  on  Prof.  Miles  Walker's  recent  paper,  IMr.  A.  W. 
Ashton  quoted  £28  per  kv.a.  as  the  cost  of  condensers,  and  this 
was  afterwards  corrected  to  £r9  for  a  frequency  of  50.  For  power 
transmission  a  lower  frequency  is  desirable,  and  then  the  cost  of 
condensers  is  proportionately  increased.  The  static  condenser  can 
therefore  in  point  of  cost  hardly  compete  with  the  dynamic 
condenser. 

In  the  case  of  phase  advancement  applied  to  individual  motors, 
as  the  dynamic  condenser  is  not  only  used  as  a  phase  advancer 
but  is  al^o  doing  useful  work  as  a  motor,  its  cost  must  not  be 
entirely  debited  to  advancing  the  phase. 

Phase-advancing  by  an  idle  running  motor  may  or  may  not  be  a 
commercial  proposition ;  phase-advancing  by  a  loaded  motor 
certainly  is,  especially  for  the  power  company,  since  their  share  of 
the  cost  can  only  amount  to  a  part  of  what  it  would  be  if  they  had 
to  do  the  phase-advancing  by  an  idle-running  motor  on  their  own 
account,  instead  of  getting  a  customer  to  help  them.  At  the  same 
time,  they  get  the  full  benefit  of  a  smaller  phase  angle  over  the 
whole  system,  which  enables  them  to  sell  more  power  without 
having  to  lay  down  additional  plant. 

The  over-excited  synchronous  motor  has  constancy  of  speed  and 
a  high  overload  capacity,  which  distinguish  it  favourably  from  the 
ordinary  induction  motor  ;  but  it  is  also  distinguished  unfavourably 
from  the  induction  motor  by  the  necessity  of  starting  appliances 
being  provided,  including  a  synchroniser. 

Some  types  of  synchronous  motors  have  been  developed  which  do 
not  require  synchronising,  and  in  which  the  starting  appliance  is 


i 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,8r,0,  May  9,  I9n.] 


THE    ELECTRICATi    REVIEW. 


7eo 


fairly  Biniplo.  Of  tliOHe  lyjJCHtwo  may  bo  mentioned  :  one  liftH  been 
perfnutcd  by  the  I<ancnHhiro  Dyimmu  and  Motor  Co.,  and  tbe  other 
by  the  late  Mr.  DaniolHoii,  of  VoHtcraH,  Swe<l«ii. 

Tho  IjuncaHhirti  Dynamo  and  Motor  ('o.'h  orranifeincnt  im  Mhowii 
in  Re.  I.  The  outer  circle  repremmts  a  throo-phane  Htator,  and  the 
inner  circle  a  wound  rotor.  ThiH  rotor  may  be  excited  from  a  Hmall 
dynamo  r,  and  then  it  becoinea  thocontinuouHcurrent  fleld  magnet 
of  a  synchronous  motor,  the  Htator  beinjf  the  armature.  At  Btartintf, 
however,  the  rotor  in  not  excited,  but  ita  windinif  in  cloaed  over  the 


Fio.  1. 


resistance  shown,  and  then  the  rotor  winding;  acts  as  the  secondary 
circuit  of  an  induction  motor.  The  machine  is  started  in  the  usual 
way  by  (jradnally  reducino;  the  resistance  until  the  contact  a  has 
advanced  to  h  and  the  whole  of  the  starting  resistance  is  short- 
circuited.  The  machine  then  works  like  an  ordinary  induction 
motor.  I  f  now  the  resistance  is  ag^ain  inserted,  and,  at  the  same 
time,  the  e::citing'  circuit  of  e  is  closed,  the  rotor  becomes  a  con- 
tinuous-current magnet  and  jumps  into  step.  By  the  time  the 
contact  a  has  been  completely  withdrawn  from  the  starting  resist- 
ance the  rotor  is  over-excited,  and  the  machine,  whilst  giving 
power  mechanically,  acts  as  a  phase  advancer. 

In  the  Danielsen  arrangement  (fig.  2)  the  three  lines,  a,  b,r, 
represent  the  phases  of  the  rotor  of  an  induction  motor.  Phase  a 
is  shown  by  a  thicker  line  to  indicate  that  it  has  twice  the  copper 
section  of  the  other  two  phases  ;  s  is  the  starter,  and  the  contacts 
corresponding  to  the  phases  !>  and  c  are  permanently  connected. 
The  contact  corresponding  to  a  is  connected  to  the  joined  contacts 
over  a  small  continuous-current  series  exciting  dynamo  r  mounted 
on  the  motor  shaft.  During  the  starting  period  the  connections  to 
the  dynamo  are  short-circuited,  and  the  brushes  are  placed  on  the 
axis  of  the  field  so  that  the  machine  cannot  excite. 

■^he  motor  is  started  as  an  induction  motor  in  the  usual  way,  and 
when  up  to  speed,  (.'•.,  when  the  whole  of  the  starting  resistance  is 
short-circuited,  the  exciting  dynamo  is  inserted  by  opening  the 
switch  above  mentioned.  It  will  then  be  traversed  by  the  rotor 
current,  which  has  the  very  low  frequency  of  the  slip.  Hence  the 
self-induction  of  the  exciter  does  not  interfere  with  the  working  of 
the  machine  as  an  induction  motor 

If  now  the  brushes  are  shifted  into  their  working  position  the 
machine  begins  to  excite  not  only  itself,  but  also  the  rotor  of  the 
motor,  transforming  it  into  a  continuous- current  magnet.  The 
current  enters  at  phase  a  and  passes  out  by  the  other  two  phases  in 
parallel.  This  is  the  reason  why  the  copper  section  of  phase  a  is 
twice  that  of  the  other  phases.  The  machine  jumps  into  step  and 
bxomes  a  synchronous  motor.  The  excitation  is  adjusted  by 
shifting  the  brushes  on  the  exciter. 

A  machine  intended  to  act  purely  as  a  phase  advancer  is  24'5  per 
cent,  larger  than  a  machine  intended  to  act  purely  as  a  motor  and 
taking  the  same  current. 

If  the  machine  is  to  act  both  as  a  phase  advancer  and  as  a 
motor,  in  an  example  given  the  cost  of  the  motor  is  £120,  of 
which  £70  must  be  debited  to  it  in  respect  of  its  being  a  motor 
and  £,50  in  respect  of  its  being  a  phase  advancer.  If  this  cost  were 
borne  by  the  power  company  it  would  mean  that  by  the  expendi- 
ture of  £50  it  purchases  a  market  for  an  additional  25  KW.  of 
saleable  power.  This  is  at  the  rate  of  £2  per  kw.  If,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  customer  is  to  pay  the  £2  per  kw.,  he  will  expect 
a  recompense  in  the  shape  of  a  lower  tariff  or  a  discount  on  the 
general  tariff.  This  discount  need  not  be  large.  Phase-advanc- 
ing by  a  loaded  synchronous  motor  thus  becomes  a  commercial 
proposition. 

It  is  possible  to  obtain  phase  advancement  by  injecting  a  leading 
E.M.F.  into  the  secondary  of  an  induction  motor.  This  must  neces- 
sarily react  on  the  primary  and  thus  reduce  the  original  lag  in  it  ; 
and  if  carried  beyond  the  requirements  of  the  individual  motor 
it  may  even  produce  a  leading  component  of  the  current  taken 
by  the  motor  and  so  improve  the  power  factor  of  the  system  aa  a 
whole. 

A  small  natural  slip  is  of  far  greater  importance  than  a  large 
natural  power  factor.  If,  then,  an  engineer  is  called  upon  to 
design  a  motor  to  work  with  a  phase  advancer,  he  should  aim  at  a 
small  natural  slip,  even  at  the  cost  of  a  somewhat  reduced  natural 
power  factor  ;  he  will  thereby  get  a  cheaper  motor  and  also  a 
cheaper  phase  advancer,  so  that  the  cost  of  the  set  capable  of  giving 
unity  power  factor  need  not  be  greater  than  the  cost  of  a  motor 
designed  to  work  alone.  But  in  the  latter  case  the  power  factor 
cannot  be  much  over  0"'.»  ;  so  that  the  unity  power  factor  ia 
practically  obtained  without  extra  expenditure. 


ThiH  theoretical  conduHion  in  borne  out  in  praz-tir^.  In  my 
laborotory  iit  the  llirminifham  IJnivefhity  in  a  Brown- UoveH 
induction  motor  of  2.'.  II  !•.  /Ittcd  with  a  Hchnrbiuii  phoM- »<lvanoer. 
At  full  load  the  act  hiiH  unity  powi^r  facUir,  and  itn  elllcienoy  in 
«H  jx:r  cent.  The  KynchronouM  pifx-od  ia  l.O'K)  it.i-.M,,  an'l  thn  weiKht 
ia  800  U).  Th<!  Rkutvh,  I  fiOO  rovolutionii,  Z.')  Il.r.,  and  KOO  lb.,  a(rr«e 
fairly  well  with  good  Knifliah  practice  for  induction  tnoluTH  harinif 
at  full  load  a  power  factor  of  0  !»,  ao  that  in  the  cane  here  cited 
tho  improvement  of  power  factor  in  indeed  obtained  without  any 
increaae  in  material. 

The  HchcrbiuH  phaac  advancer,  a«  well  aa  that  which  Prof 
MiloH  Walker  hiia  recently  brought  to  the  notice  of  thia  Inatitution, 
bolonga  to  what  may  be  called  the  rotational  *y\H.;  lM«anac  the  leading 
E.M.K.  ia  produced  by  the  rotation  of  an  armature  in  a  moffnetic 
field.  There  i",  however,  another  principle  which  can  be  applied  to 
phase  advancement,  viz.  the  free  oacillotion  of  an  armature  in  a 
continuoua-current  field.  To  diatinguiah  auch  a  machine  from  the 
rotational  type  I  call  it  a  vibrator. 

M.  Leblanc  waa  the  firat  engineer  to  call  attention  to  both  the 
rotational  and  the  vibrating  principles  of  phaae  advancement,  and 
he  has  patented  an  apparatus  under  the  name  "  recuperator,'  in 
which  the  vibrating  principle  is  uawi  to  produce  phaae  advance- 
ment.  The  "  recuperator "  consists  of  a  copper  dihk  swinging 
within  an  annular  unipolar  field.  The  current  flows  through  the 
diak  radially  between  a  rubbing  contact  at  the  centre  and  a 
mercury-trough  contact  at  the  circumference.  To  keep  the  field 
from  oscillating,  a  second  and  fixed  diak  is  placed  parallel  to  the 
oscillating  diak  within  the  polar  cavity,  and  ao  connected  that  the 
current  fl  )W8  through  the  two  disks  in  opposite  directions. 

When  the  author  designed  his  vibrator  he  was  not  aware  of  M. 
Leblanc's  recuperator,  but  he  willingly  acknowledged  M.  Leblanc's 
priority  in  having  been  the  first  to  draw  attention  to  the  fact  that 
phase  advancement  may  be  produced  by  making  use  of  the  physical 
principle  that  a  leading  k..m.f.  is  generated  in  an  alternating- 
current  conductor  allowed  to  swing  freely  in  a  continuous-current 
field. 

Any  continuous-current  armature  if  traversed  by  an  alternating 
current  of  low  frequency  will  tend  to  vibrate,  but  with  a  machine 
of  the  usual  proportions  this  tendency  is  too  weak  to  be  practically 
utilised.  In  order  to  get  a  serviceable  phase  advancer  the  armature 
must  be  bipolar,  of  small  diameter  and  great  length,  the  air-gap 
must  be  as  small  aa  mechanically  possible,  and  the   saturation  of 


fietorimp^. 


teeth  and  core  must  be  very  high,  not  only  because  a  strong  field 
is  desirable,  but  also  to  avoid  unbalanced  magnetic  attraction, 
which,  with  a  small  air-gap,  would  be  unavoidable  if  the  teeth  were 
only  moderately  saturated.  The  leading  e..m.f.  injected  by  the 
vibrator  is  given  by  the  formula — 


m    \t  J   w 


where  m  =  the  mass  of  the  armature  in  units  of  9S1  kilograms 
reduced  to  its  circumference,  <^  =  the  continuous-current  field  in 
megalines,  t  =  distance  from  wire  to  wire  en  the  armature,  «  = 
2  TT  /;  the  angular  speed  corresponding  to  the  slip  frequency  /',  and 
I  the  current  in  amperes. 

This  formula  may  with  suflBcient  approximation  be  also  written 
thus — 

..=o-i^-^^^-?. 

where  :  =  the  number  of  active  conductors,  and  0  D-  =  the  fly- 
wheel effect  of  the  armature  in  kilogram-cm.'-. 

The  output  of  each  vibrator  armature  in  volt-amperes  is  e,  I,  and 
this  is  given  by — 

V  A  =  3-8  (,<p  .iy/u  <->, 

where  A  is  the  current  density  in  effective  amperes  per  centimetre 
of  armature  circumference. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  magnitude  of  the  injected  e,m.f.  is  piO» 


786 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


LVol.  72.     No.  1,8.^.0,  Mav  9,   191 H. 


portional  to  the  ratio  of  current  and  slip  frequency.  Since  this 
ratio  decreases  only  slightly  a?  the  load  decreases,  the  injected 
E.5I.F.  does  not  fall  off  proportionately  with  the  load,  but  atamuch 
lower  rate,  with  the  result  that  the  effect  of  the  phase  advancer  is 
relatively  greater  at  low  loads,  and  this  is  just  what  is  wanted. 

It  is  especially  at  low  loads  where  there  is  greatest  need  for 
improving  the  power  factor.  This  effect  will  be  seen  in  fig.  3, 
which  represents  test  results  obtained  with  a  vibrator  made  by  the 
Sandycroft  Foundry  Co.  (.1  am  indebted  to  Mr.  ITunt  for  these 
corves.)  At  one-<|uarter  load  the  power  factor  is  already  0  87,  and 
at  half-load  it  is  unity,  maintaining  this  value  up  to  full-load  and 
beyond. 

Fig.  ;!  gives  also  the  primary  and  secondary  currents  and  the 
speed,  both  with  and  without  the  vibrator.  It  will  be  noticed  that 
the  effect  of  the  vibrator  is  to  decrease  the  primary  current  con- 
siderably and  to  increase  the  secondary  ctwrent  slightly  ;  this  means, 
on  the  whole,  a  fmaller  copper  loss  in  the  motor. 

A  photograph  of  this  phase  advancer  is  reproduced  in  fig.  4.  The 
three  pairs  of  field  cores  and  the  common  yoke  frame  are  in  one 
casting  without  any  joints.  The  only  machining  required  is  the 
boring  of  the  polar  cavities  and  the  facing-up  of  the  surfaces  to 


Fig.  4. 


which  the  bearing  brackets  are  bolted.  The  armature  shafts  are 
carried  in  ball  bearings.  The  resistance  of  each  armature  hot  is 
0  048  ohm,  and  when  the  three  armatures  are  mesh-coupled  they 
can  deal  with  a  slip-ring  current  up  to  120  amperes.  The  current 
in  each  armature  is  then  70  amperes,  and  the  ohmic  loss  in  the 
winding  3'3.5  volts,  to  which  must  be  added  the  loss  by  contact 
resistance  of  the  brushes.  This  is  small,  since  it  is  possible  to  ute 
copper-caibon  brushes.  There  is  no  sparking.  When  the  current 
has  crest  value  the  armature  is  at  rest,  and  when  the  armature  has 
maximum  speed  and  the  frequency  of  commutation  has  maximum 
value  the  current  is  zero.  At  intermediate  points  there  is  some 
reactance  voltage  of  commutation,  but  this  is  extremely  small — 
only  a  fraction  of  a  volt.  The  armature  is  4i  in.  in  diameter  and 
its  core  8}  in.  long.  The  vibrator  was  tested  with  a  60-h  r.  Hunt 
cascade  motor  having  six  pairs  of  tappings.  As  the  vibrator  has 
only  three  armatures  it  could  only  deal  with  half  the  ftcoidary 
circuit  of  the  motor.  The  improvement  in  pc  wer  factor  was 
neverthelefs  very  marked.  The  power  tactor  was  raised  at  half- 
load  frcm  072  to 0  91,  and  at  full  lead  from  0  81  to  093. 

The  author  is  not  able  to  give  results  from  actual  practice  with 
a  vibrator  fitted  to  a  large- motor,  because  a  (mall  vibrator  made 
by  the  Sandycroft  Foundry  Co.  for  the  liO-H.p.  Hunt  cascade 
motor  is  as  yet  the  only  representative  of  this  type  of  machine  in 
this  country.  A  Continental  firm  is  making  one  fora460-U.P. 
motor,  but  it  has  not  jet  been  finished.  The  author  has,  however, 
made  a  design  for  a  vibrator  to  be  applied  to  the  8(0-h.p.  motor  t  f 
which  particulars  were  givin  in  Prof.  Miles  Walker's  paper, 
and  he  tinds  that  each  of  the  three  armatures  would  be  13  cm.  in 
diameter  and  the  length  of  core  33  cm.  The  armature  resistance 
would  be  7'2/l,000  chms,  and  a  flux  <t>  =  34.5  megalines  would  be 
obtained  with  a  magnetomotive  force  of  6,700  ampere-turns.  At  full 
load  the  irjtcied  e.m.k.  is  23  volts.  The  excitation  requires  an 
expenditure  if  700  watts,  ard  the  losses  in  the  copper  and  iron,  in 
brush  friction,  and  in  contact  resistance,  c<  me  to  1 .300  watts, 
making  a  total  expenditure  of  2  Kw.  for  the  vibrator,  against 
which  must  be  set  the  rcducticn  of  losses  in  the  motor  due  to  the 
l>etter  power  factor. 

Fig.  5  gives  the  predetermined  power- factor  curve.  The  power 
factor  of  the  800-H.i'.  motor  would  with  this  vibrator  be  brought  to 
unity  at  one-quarter  load  ;  at  half  lead  it  would  be  0'9  with  a 
leading  current :  at  full  lead  it  would  be  0  96  with  a  lesdinfr 
cnrtent ;  and  at  twice  foil  load  it  would  again  b«  unity.  Above 
this  output  the  current  tags  with  a  power  factor  of  0'92  at  treble 


load,  when  the  limit  of  stability  is  approached.  The  weight  of  the 
vibrator  1.^=,  as  near  as  can  be  estimated,  18  cwt.,  and  the  floor  space 
occupied  is  IS  in.  by  3  ft.,  the  vibrator  standing  3  ft.  high. 

Whether  a  rotary  or  a  vibrating  machine  be  used  as  a  phase 
advancer,  the  power  to  drive  it  is  in  either  case  very  small,  and  will 
generally  be  more  than  covered  by  the  reduced  losses  in  the  motor. 
The  efficiency  of  any  given  motor,  whether  it  works  with  or  without 
a  phase  advancer,  will  therefore  not  be  appreciably  altered.  There 
may.  however,  be  a  gain  in  the  yearly  energy  efficiency,  as  the  use 
of  a  phase  advancer  enables  one  to  do  with  a  smaller  motor,  since 
the  overload  capacity  is  increased.     A  smaller  motor  has  smaller 


•5 

\      . 

^ 

"^ 

- 

r-- 

~-J  1 

—  Current 

leadi  ir — 

> 

(-CurVenC  ikntini 

"^4 

•7 

1 

•«-5 
•5 

Vibrator  for  Booh.T) 

motor. 

- 

i 

j 

1 

zoo      400      600      600     I.OOO 

Fig. 


2.200  h  p 


losses,  and  consequently  the  customer  of  a  power  company  using 
his  motors  with  a  phase  advancer  attached  will  effect  a  certain 
saving  in  his  bill  for  current  even  if  the  power  company  does 
not  grant  a  special  discount  for  his  taking  current  at  a  high 
power  factor. 

Now  how  does  the  case  stand  with  the  power  c(  mpany  .'  The  cost 
for  electrical  energy  generated  and  transmitted  is  made  up  of  several 
parts,  of  which,  however,  only  two  need  here  be  considered.  One 
ia  the  actual  cost  of  generation,  including  a  certain  percentage  of 
loss  in  transmis-iion,  and  the  other  is  independent  of  the  amount  of 
energy  generated,  but  depends  only  on  the  cost  of  the  plant  which 
must  be  installed  to  provide  the  service.  Part  of  the  plant,  such  as 
the  prime-movers,  is  only  very  slightly  affected  by  the  power  factor  ; 
but  the  electrical  plant,  including  the  line  and  step-down  trans- 
formers at  the  customer's  end,  is  materially  affected  by  it.  The  cost 
of  the  electrical  plant  is  determined  not  by  the  true  power,  but  by 
the  output  dttined  in  volt-amperes  ;  consequently  it  is  only  fair 
that  a  customer  who  takes  his  power  adulterated  by  a  large 
proportion  of  sin  <(.  should  in  his  payment  for  current  recompense 
the  company  for  the  extra  plant  capacity  necessary  for  the 
generation  ard  transmission  of  wattless  current.  The  cusfomer 
should  therefore  not  only  pay  for  the  true  kilowatt-hours  he  takes 
but  also  something  for  the  K.v.A.-hours. 

This  reasoning  is  the  basis  of  a  system  of  metering  invented  by 
Prof.  R.  Arno,  of  Milan.  He  and  Signer  Conti,  the  engineer  to 
several  Italian  power  companies,  investigated  the  cost  of  generation 
and  transmission  as  affected  by  power  factor,  and  they  found  that 
the  cost  may  with  sufficient  accuracy  for  practical  work  be  taken 
as  proportional  to  the  sum  of  two-thirds  of  the  watt-hours  plus 
one-third  of  the  volt-ampere-hours.  Having  settled  this  as  a  basis 
for  charging  Prof.  Arno  set  to  work  to  design  a  meter  which  would 
register  according  to  this  formula  ;  and  he  has  also  indicated  a  way 
in  which  any  meter  may  be  adapted  to  register  two-thirds  of  the 
watt-hours  and  one-third  of  the  volt-ampere-hours. 

In  meters  of  the  electrodynamic  type  where  the  moving  system 
is  a  little  armature  traversed  by  a  current  in  phase  with  the  E..M.F. 
and  the  field  is  produced  by  the  main  current,  a  small  lag  is  given 
to  the  armature  current.  In  meters  of  b^  rduction  type  where 
the  moving  system  is  a  disk  revolving  under  the  combined  influence 
of  a  shunt  and  main  field,  a  small  lag  beyond  t  0°  is  given  to  the 
shunt  field.  The  angle  of  lag  in  either  case  is  so  chosen  that  at 
the  predominant  power  factor  the  meter  registers  according  to 
Prof.  Arno's  formula.  Thus  for  installations  mainly  supplying 
liehtthe  lag  of  the  shunt  current  behind  the  e.m.i. is  5°  in  dynamo- 
metric  meters  and  9j'  in  induction  meters.  The  meter  will  then 
register  with  a  negligible  error  at  any  power  factor  between  1  and 
6'8.").  For  installations  consisting  mainly  of  motors,  the  lag  is  14° 
for  electrodynamic  and  104°  for  induction  meters.  The  extra  lag  of 
14°  may  t)e  produced  by  a  slight  alteration  in  the  compensating  coil 
of  the  shunt  field. 

Prof.  Arno  states  that  meters  so  adjusted  may  be  used  in  cases 
where  the  power  factor  varies  from  05  to  09.  For  large  consumers 
where  great  accuracy  in  the  metering  is  essential,  two  meters  side  by 
side  may  be  installed,  one  registering  kilowatt-hours  and  the  other 
K.v.A.-hours.  The  charge  to  be  made  to  the  consumer  can  then  be 
calculated  on  the  two-thirds  and  one-third  basis,  or  on  any  other 
basis  which  may  more  nearly  fit  the  special  conditions  of  the  power 
company's  plant. 

It  is  of  interest  to  inquire  what  saving  a  customer  may  effect  in 
his  current  bill  if  be  uses  a  phase  advancer.  Take  a  large  customer 
using  large  and  small  motor's  with  an  aggregate  power  of  1,000  kw. 
and  a  power  factor  of  0'75.  Since  only  the  large  motors  can  be  fitted 
with  phase  advancers,  it  will  scarcely  be  possible  to  raise  the  power 
factor  to  unity,  but  a  value  of  095  may  be  obtained  if  large  motors 
BggTf  gatirg  700  to  800  KW.  are  so  fitted.  With  a  load  factor  of  34 
to  36  per  cent., the  yearly  consumption  will  be  3,000,000  kw. -hours. 


Vol.72.    No.  l,s,-,o,  May  U,  191M.] 


'L'lIK     KLKCTUKAIi    liKVIMW. 


787 


With  075  power  factor,  tho  .\rno  meter  woulil  reifistor  3i  million 
unitB  ;  but  after  flttinfr  pliano  odvaiiccrH,  tho  meter  would  reKi))tor 
only  TOii'A  miltion  unitB.  With  current  iit  Oiit],  per  unit  thin 
makeH  a  dilVerenco  of  at)out  i.tll)()  in  the  bill  for  current. 

This,  or  Hotnothinir  approaching'  thin  fiifure,  reprewnts  the  cavinor 
to  the  power  company,  owin^r  to  their  havinir  to  nupply  very  little 
wattless  current.  If,  thtn,  this  Having  is  divided  between  the  com- 
pany and  tho  consumer  the  latter  (rets  ii'MO  as  a  return  for  his 
capital  outlay  on  phase  advancers.  To  provide  such  apparatus  for 
motors  atrpreifatinjf  800  kw.  would  cost  between  £H00  and  £1C0, 
so  that  the  phase  advancers  would  prove  an  excellent  investment 
for  the  customer,  and  be  still  more  prelitablo  to  the  company. 
The  latter  not  only  reduce  their  working  e.xpenses  by  £'Mii)  a 
year,  but  they  also  may  increase  their  sale  of  current  by  takinfr  on 
more  consumers  to  the  extent  to  which  their  plant  has  been 
liberated  from  wattless  current. 


Clauses  Tor  Street  Llghtinj;  Specifications. 

The  Chairman  (Mr.  F.  W.  Goodenough)  opened  the  resumed  dis- 
cnssion  on  Mr.  A.  1'.  Trotter's  paper  before  the  Illi^minatinc; 
KNtiiNKKKlNCi  SociKTY,  On  April  2'.Uh.  He  said  that  in  his 
opinion,  a  specification  on  which  street  liRhting:  tenders 
were  to  be  invited  should  be:— (1)  Framed  on  a  basis  easily 
comprehensible  by  members  of  local  authorities ;  (2)  Based  on 
a  standard  intelligible  to  the  average  man  in  the  street  ;  C'O  Of 
quite  general  application  ;  (t)  Not  open  to  any  interpretation  which, 
while  complying  with  the  specification,  gave  abt^urd  lighting  ; 
(.'))  Definite.  Nothing  should  be  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  con- 
tractor. It  should  be  possible  to  open  tenders,  and  at  once  classify 
their  data  for  comparison.  There  should  be  no  question  as  to 
whether  arrangement  A  or  B  suggested  by  different  contrators  was 
the  better,  otherwise  the  whole  idea  of  the  specification  was 
defeated  ;  (C)  The  provisions  for  making  the  tests  upon  which  the 
contractor  was  to  be  liable  to  penalty  for  deficient  lighting  should 
secure  a  reasonable  accuracy  of  result  and  the  method  of  testing 
should  be  specified  closely.  The  speaker  maintained  that  no  average 
councillor  could  understand  such  a  term  as  "  002.')  minimum  hori- 
zontal foot-candles,"  but  most  persons  had  a  tolerably  accurate 
idea  as  to  the  relative  value  of  lamps  of  various  candle-powers. 
Candle-power  specification  was  contemplated  by  the  present  speci- 
fication for  80  per  cent,  of  the  streets  and  roads  in  the  country, 
and,  in  his  opinion,  the  procedure  in  all  cases  would  be  to 
determine  how  many  lamps,  of  various  candle-powers,  arranged  at 
various  heights  and  distances  apart,  would  light  adequately  various 
classes  of  streets  and  then  specify  on  this  basis.  Local  authorities 
wished  to  obtain  rjf'i'ct,  but  they  must  really  buy  the  cause  thereof 
and  this  should  be  specified.  Were  the  candle-power  of  lamps  and 
the  height  and  distance  of  posts  not  specified,  rtciuirements  (4)  and 
(5)  would  probably  not  be  satisfied.  It  was  a  mistake  to  ignore  all 
but  the  minimum  illumination  ;  Mr.  Edgcumbe  six  years  ago  said 
that  minimum  illumination  was  a  scientific  criterion,  but  ;esthetic 
results  had  also  to  be  taken  into  consideration,  and  high  average 
was  desirable  even  though  the  lighting  was  not  very  uniform. 
What  was  wanted  was  a  bright  and  pleasing  street  appearance ; 
obvious  facts  and  considerations  were  ignored  by  the  "scientific" 
basis  adopted  by  the  specification.  In  support  of  his  arguments, 
the  speaker  quoted  communications  received  from  vai ions  foreign 
correspondents. 

He  considered  that  no  one  closely  acquainted  with  street  lighting 
photometry  would  be  willing  to  accept  a  margin  of  less  than 
25  per  cent,  to  provide  against  errors  of  observation  and  local  dis- 
turbing influences  in  taking  low  minimum  illumination  reading. 
Apart  from  errors  of  observation,  there  would  be  a  possibility  of 
over  20  per  cent,  discrepancy  if  the  alternative  method  of  compu- 
tation, by  adding  horizontal  components,  were  employed.  Authori- 
ties must  be  prepared  to  allow  a  margin  of  33  per  cent,  from  the 
contract  minimum,  or  contractors  must  provide  that  excess  to 
guard  against  possible  penalties.  Quoting  Dr.  Louis  Bell — in  a 
street  lighting  contract  involving  £.50,000  or  £100,000  per  annum, 
a  difference  of  2  or  3  or  5  per  cent,  in  the  measured  illumiration 
was  a  very  serious  matter,  and  dependence  upon  measurements 
known  to  vary  within  at  least  this  range  would  simply  lead  to 
exasperating  litigation.  The  speaker  submitted  that  the  draft  speci- 
fication failed  in  every  essential  point  to  meet  the  requirements  (  f 
a  standard  specification  for  street  lighting.  To  produce  a  ppecifi- 
cation  of  real  practical  value  with  a  truly  scientific  basis,  the  Joint 
Committee  should  abandon  the  "Unit  of  Measurement  "  clause  and 
substitute  one  providing  for  rated  candle-power  of  lamps  deter- 
mined by  direct  readings  at  specified  angles,  in  a  specified  direction, 
with  a  specified  relationship  between  readings  at  the  widest  and 
narrowest  angles  ;  and  should  provide  a  schedule  showing  by  what 
number  and  arrangement,  height,  spacing  and  placing  of  lamps  of 
specified  candle-power,  the  illumination  of  streets  in  various  classes 
could  be  (becaute  it  had  been)  obtained.  A  practical,  equitable, 
comprehensible  and  comprehensive  specification  would  be  welcomed 
by  all  suppliers  as  well  as  all  nseis  of  illumination. 

Pbof.  J.  T.  MoBUis  explained  that  he  had  placed  all  his  test 
data  before  the  Committee,  but  there  had  been  no  time  to  check 
those  readings,  which  showed  the  discrepancies  to  which  reference 
had  been  made  by  various  speakers.  In  order  of  descendirg  illumi- 
nation : — In  streets  having  minimum  horizontal  illuminations  of 
0  030;  0  023;  0"021  ;  Snd  0  017  ft.-candles ;  the  discrepancies 
between  the  sum  of  calculated  minimum  horizontal  illuminations 
and  measured  values  of  the  actual  minimDm  horizontal  illtmina- 
tion  were  : — 3  per  cent. ;  <  1  per  cent. ;  9  per  cent. ;  and  20  per 
cent.,  but  the  absolute  discrepancies  were  only  : — 0,001  ;  <  O'OOl  ; 
t/'0015  ;  0'004  ft.-candle.    The  lower  the  illcminfttion,  the  greater 


the  abnoluto  dJKcrepancy,  hence  the  percentage  dincrrj^ncy  tom 
rapidly  but,  provided  tho  horizontal  illumination  wan  not  ler«  than 
002  ft.-candir,  the  difference  iK-lween  meainred  and  c»l';ul»t»d 
valucH  wan  not  greater  than  (''.01.".  ft.candle,  »nd  improvt  mentii 
in  photometerH  woulil  pmbubly  produi;e  >et  txrltt-r  •grument  in 
future.  Foreign  illuriilnaling  eii(jiii<:cri»  of  hiith  rip.jte  petmcd  to 
be  (igainst  the  adoption  of  uiiiiimuia  horiz-intal  illiiiiiinatiun  ana 
solo  IjuHiH  of  hpecificntion.  Could  they  not  adopt  the  niinimum  in 
conjunction  with  either  the  average  horizontal  illumination  or  the 
mean  heminpherical  candle-jKjwer  of  the  lBm|  h  used  '  Juiit  ob  the 
uniformity  of  illumination  in  the  I.E.K.  theatre  wan  depreminir,  no 
would  be  uniform  niinimum  horizontal  illumination  along  a  htreet. 
Tho  specification  aH  it  stood  would  encourage  unKormly  low  htrefct 
illumination,  and  some  such  modification  asthatiiuggefcttd  appeared 
desirable. 

.Mu.  .1.  W.  BiiADLKY  (city  engineer.  Went  minuter,  communicated)  : 
As  one  who  had  controlled  utreet  lighting  nixcificatii  n  and  con- 
tract work  for  many  years  on  a  f:  i'.  bawin,  and  ha'l  had  much 
experience  in  surface  illumination  meai-uremeuti',  the  writer  pre- 
ferred candle-power  as  a  basis  of  cpecification.  The  C.P.,  height 
and  general  polar  distribution  of  lamps  should  be  npecified,  and  the 
engineer  should  renerve  control  over  ihe  lantern  and  globes,  ice. 
The  contractor  had  then  a  definite  basin  on  which  to  «oik.  Speci- 
fication by  minimum  illumination  would  involve  the  (oniractor  in 
difficult  problems.  It  was  desirable  that  as  few  lamp-posts  as 
possible  be  used,  considering  the  obstruction  they  offered  to  the 
public,  and,  in  important  streets,  a  sufficient  vertical  depth  must 
be  adequately  illuminated.  The  approximate  number  of  lamps 
ought  to  be  specified,  and  tenders  s-hould  ([uote  a  price  i)er  position 
for  each  class  of  lamp.  The  location  of  standards  mnst  be  entirely 
in  the  hands  of  the  engineer  ;  there  were  innumerable  factors 
governing  the  position  in  which  posts  should  be  erected,  and  were  a 
contractor  allowed  to  place  lamps  where  he  would,  eo  long  as  he 
illuminated  to  a  satisfactory  degree  a  plane  3  ft.  3  in.  above  street 
level,  endless  disputes  would  be  raised  between  ratepayers,  local 
authorities  and  contractors.  The  writer  believed  he  was  the  first 
to  specify  in  a  lighting  contract  a  definite  amount  of  measured 
light  as  a  basis  for  tendering,  and  after  many  years'  experience  of 
public  street  illumination,  carried  out  under  contracts  based  on  the 
measurements  of  direct  c.p  .  and  with  the  knowledge  of  the  work- 
ing of  such  contracts  in  refpect  of  both  gas  and  electric  Tghting, 
he  could  definitely  state  that  these  contracts  had  proved  fatislactory 
in  every  way  ;  they  had  lapsed,  and  been  again  re-entered  upon  l>y 
the  previous  contracting  parties — a  fact  which  testified  to  their 
fairness  and  ease  of  working.  The  principal  points  in  this  speci- 
fication were  :— 58.  penalty  per  day  per  lamp  of  deficient  OP.: 
lamps  to  be  not  less  than  22  ft.  (large  units)  or  12  ft.  (small  units) 
from  the  ground  level  ;  each  lamp  to  give  at  least  'JO,  180,  1  SOO  or 
3.000  C  P.  as  directly  measured  by  an  approved  photometer  placed 
at  ground  level,  the  c  p.  being  arrived  at  by  averaging  two  readirgs 
in  any  position  with  regard  to  the  light  under  test  (readings  at  20" 
and  50°  to  horizontal)  ;  light  to  be  sfeady  white  or  yellowifh- 
wnite  ;  the  design  of  lamp  pillar,  winding  gear,  reflectors,  A;c ,  to 
be  ay  proved  by  the  city  engineer  ;  the  onus  of  testing  (for  main- 
tenance purposes)  to  lie  with  the  contractor. 

Mk.  Frank  Bailey  declared  himself  a  strong  supporter  of  the 
specification.  Appendix  A  r  ""ered  an  alternative  to  those  who  dis- 
agree with  a  minimum  horizo.-.al  illumination  specification,  and  too 
little  attention  had  been  paid  to  this  section  in  reading  and  dis- 
cussing the  paper.  Many  of  the  oVjections  raised  by  gas  engineers 
indicated  insufficient  acquaintance  with  the  object  and  scope  of 
Appendix  A. 

Mr.  E.  Allan  (Vice-President,  Institution  of  Gas  Engineers)  said 
there  could  be  no  doubt  that  the  minimum  horizontal  illumination 
in  Bow  Street  (lighted  by  high-slung  centre  suspenced  arcs),  was 
good,  but  the  general  lighting  effect  was  very  poor.  A  specification 
was  wanted  which  should  be  suitable  for  all  undertakings,  and  he 
suggested  that  some  other  basis  of  comparison  than  minimum  hori- 
zontal illumination  should  be  added. 

Mb.  Roger  Smith  pointed  out  that  there  were  two  distinct 
types  of  specification  :  that  adopted  by  architects  and  construc- 
tional engineers,  in  which  every  detail  of  the  work  required  was 
fully  specified,  and  the  whole  responsibility  of  results  lay  with  the 
designing  engineer— and  that  by  which  general  machinery  was 
often  specified— the  desired  result  being  stated,  and  the  means  »cd 
obtaining  of  this  result  beirg  left  with  the  contractor.  There 
were  various  types  of  specification  between  these  extremes,  but  it 
seemed  to  him  that  to  specify  all  the  details  of  the  plant  and  the 
result  to  be  secured  violated  every  canon  on  which  a  specification 
should  be  based.  When  details  of  equijment  were  specified,  a 
certain  result  might  be  expected,  but  must  not  te  specified.  Ihe 
Joint  Committee  had  chosen  to  follow  the  second  alternative,  and 
trust  the  contractor  to  select  the  means  of  securing  a  specified 
result  ;  apparently  gas  engiteers  were  not  prepared  to  place  si ch 
trust  in  contractors.  During  the  past  seven  jears  he  had  designed 
all  his  railway  lighting  i,  tallations  on  the  basis  of  minimum 
horizontal  illumination  4  ft.  from  the  ground,  and  in  future  his 
plane  of  n-easurement  wculd  be  1  m.from  the  groi  nd.  Under  the 
conditions  of  his  woik  speed  was  all-impcitant,  and  he  hehevtd 
that  speciEcati'-n  of  minimum  horizontal  illumuiation  resulted  in  a 
great  saving  of  time.  The  hcrizonttl  was  the  only  plane  on  which 
a  good  criterion  could  be  obtained  by  a  single  n  easurement,  the 
results  of  which  took  in  those  en  other  planes  of  reference  by 
implication.  If  one  result  alone  was  to  be  specified,  that  mnst  be 
horizontal  illumination.  In  street  lighting  the  contractor  waa 
justified  in  taking  advantage  of  light  received  by  reflection,  and 
from  other  lamps  :  account  could  only  be  taken  of  theee  com- 
ponents by  horizontal  illumination  measurements.  A  certain 
maximum  horizontal  illumination  (with  plus  and  minus  Iinut«X 
should  le  specified  in  addilicn  [to  the  minimum  horizontal  illnini- 


788 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,850,  Mat  9,  1913. 


nation,  and  some  restriction  should  be  placed  on  the  intrinsic 
brilliancy  of  the  luminous  source ;  at  present,  much  of  the 
powerful  lisrhtingr  in  London  streets  was  positively  dangerouo. 

3lB.  Cooper  said  that  many  of  the  objections  to  the  specification 
rested  on  misconceptions.  Horizontal  illumination  could  be 
measured  accurately,  and  if  it  was  adequate  the  illumination  of 
other  planes  was  in  practice  satisfactory  ;  illumination  limits  were 
first  reached  on  the  horizontal  plane.  In  his  opinion,  the  average 
town  councillor  knew  no  more  about  candle-power  than  about  foot- 
candles  ;  actually  there  was  no  reason  why  he  should  be  familiar 
•with  either.  Specification  by  candle-power  was  difiBcult  in  cases 
where  dioptric  or  other  special  globes  or  reflectors  were  used  ;  in 
c»se  of  very  powerful  units  ;  and  in  cases  where  a  number  of  lamps 
were  mounted  in  separate  globes  orried  by  radiating  arms  on  one 
po  it  (as  in  "White  Way"  lighting  units).  Minimum  hori/.mtal 
ilia  nination  measurements  offered  no  real  difficulties  and  took 
account  of  every  factor  concerned.  Glare  had  not  been  dealt  with 
in  the  specification.  The  lighting  in  a  street  might  be  raised  from 
Class  A  to  Class  E  by  simply  increa.«ing  the  candle-power  of  the 
lamps  tenfold,  but  then  glare  would  probably  be  serious,  and  the 
specification  ought  to  discriminate  between  such  and  legitimate 
practice.  In  his  opinion,  it  was  the  illumination  on  the  street  level 
which  was  of  importance  ;  not  only  was  this  illumination  higher, 
and  hence  easier  to  measure  than  that  on  the  metre  plane,  but 
also  the  latter  penalised  lighting  systems  in  which  low  posts  were 
employed.  Xo  specification  should  be  adopted  which  systematically 
penalised  any  particular  lighting  system  without  cause. 

Mr.  Ab.\dy  considered  that  the  specification  was  wrong  from 
enl  to  end  ;  that  it  bristled  with  inconsistencies,  was  far  removed 
from  anything  likely  to  be  of  use  to  anybody,  and  was  unworthy  of 
I  ericas  discussion.  The  minimum  horizontal  illumination  basis  was 
aamitted  to  be  inapplicable  to  ><0  per  cent,  of  the  streets  in  the 
country,  and  the  estimation  of  horizontal  illumination  by  summa- 
tion of  calculated  components  did  not  even  approximately  agree 
with  the  actual  horizontal  illumination.  The  specification  of  a 
minimum  illumination  connoted  a  search  for  the  minimum — a 
tedious  operation,  and  one  leaving  much  to  the  discretion  of  the 
photometrist.  Minimum  illumination  was  not  a  basis  of  com- 
parison and  minimum  horizontal  illumination  was  the  nadir  of 
inutility.  To  make  tests  3  ft.  3  in.  above  ground  level  was  not  fair 
to  lamps  on  low  posts.  Horizontal  illumination,  whether  minimum 
or  maximum,  was  useless  as  a  basis  of  comparison  between  systems, 
but  if  it  was  to  be  considered  at  all,  it  must  be  that  on  the  street 
surface.  Lighting  problems  could  not  be  dissociated  from  the 
source  itself  or  from  the  surface  illuminated.  Everything  was 
seen  by  reflected  light,  and  the  amount  of  the  latter  depended  on 
the  nature  of  the  surface  as  much  as  on  the  lamps  lighting  it.  In 
the  cases  mentioned  by  Mr.  Cooper,  in  which  candle-power  was 
difficult  of  specification,  there  was  no  difficulty  in  measuring  the 
normal  illumination  received  in  a  certain  direction— the  conversion 
of  this  normal  illumination  to  candle-power  was  a  purely  arith- 
metical operation.  The  speaker  supported  Mr.  Goodenough"8 
suggestions.  Local  authorities  did  not  want  to  buy  minimum  hori- 
zontal illumination.  The  specification  permitted  2°  error  in  the 
determination  of  the  angle  of  incidence  of  a  direct  ray  ;  this  might 
lead  to  20  f>er  cent,  error  in  the  results  in  certain  cases.  The  range 
of  illumination  in  the  street  "  class' '  '"  was  too  great ;  a  50  per  cent, 
variation  of  illumination  in  one  direction  might  leave  a  street  in  the 
same  class,  while  a  few  per  cent,  change  in  the  other  direction 
would  alter  its  classification. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Dow  outlined  the  views  and  arguments  expressed  in 
communications  received  from  a  number  of  members  abroad  : — 

Dk.  L.  Blocu  (Berlin)  agreed  with  horizontal  plane  measure- 
ments, but  preferred  average  to  minimum  illumination  as  a  basis  for 
specification.  Were  minimum  illumination  the  sole  consideration, 
electric  lighting  would  be  in  a  particularly  favourable  position. 
At  least,  the  mean  and  maximum  horizontal  illuminations  should 
be  specified  in  addition  to  the  minimum. 

Dr.  L.  J.  Tehneden  (Amsterdam)  wrote  that  in  addition  to 
horizontal-plane  measurements,  the  minimum  illumination  should 
be  determined  in  a  vertical  plane  perpendicular  to  the  direction  of 
street  traffic. 

Dk.  H.  Strache  (Vienna)  wrote  that  horizontal  illumination 
alone  was  not  a  sufficient  basis  of  specification. 

Prof.  S.  A.  Rum  approved  of  Mr.  Trotter's  suggestions  ;  in 
Italy  contracts  usually  referred  to  candle-power  rather  than  to 
illumination. 

Db.  L.  Bell  (Boston,  U.S.A.)  thought  that  the  suggestions  for 
the  draft  specification  of  a  standard  contract  were  .sufficient  to 
secure  good  results.  For  most  purposes  measurements  of  illumi- 
nation on  a  vertical  plane  would  give  a  better  indication  of  the 
practical  value  of  an  illumination  scheme  than  would  horizontal 
plane  measurements. 

Mb.  L.  B.  Marks  (New  York)  said  that  minimum  illumination 
was  an  insufficient  basis  of  specification.  Intrinsic  brightness  was 
often  a  matter  of  prime  and  determining  importance. 

De.  C.  H.  Sharp  (New  York)  said  that  in  streets  to  be  illumi- 
nated brightly  at  all  points,  specification  of  the  minimum  should 
ensure  good  illumination,  though  it  might  not  compare  correctly 
different  systems.  In  the  majority  of  streets,  however,  specifica- 
tion of  minimum  illumination  or  the  c.p.  at  10*  below  the  hori- 
zontal furnished  an  insufficient  criterion.  The  delivery  of  a 
sufficient  flux  of  light  and  its  proper  distribution  might  be  ensured 
respectively  by  specifying  the  average  and  minimum  illumination 
over  the  area.  The  finx-of-light  method  of  computing  average 
illumination  was  being  used  very  generally  and  offered  no  special 
experimental  difficulties.  The  illumination  measured  thould  be 
that  on  the  street  surface. 

Mb.  p.  S.  Millar  (New  York)  considered  minimum  intensity  an 
nusatisfactory  ba*is  of  rating  for  a  street  lightintr   syBtem.    The 


real  value  of  a  scheme  depended  on  the  maximum  and  perhaps  the 
average  as  well  as  the  minimum  illumination. 

Mu.  L.  GASTEUsaid  that  the  irreconcilable  opposition  of  the  Gas 
Members  of  the  Joint  Committee  had  led  to  the  arrangement  of  the 
present  discussion,  and  it  was  and  had  been  throughout  intended 
that,  after  the  discussion,  the  draft  should  be  taken  back  into 
committee  for  amendment  i or  amplifi(sation.  He  did  not  think  it 
necessary  to  impose  rigid  penalty  clauses  ;  there  were  other  means 
whereby  the  interests  of  the  public  were  fully  safeguarded. 

In  his  reply,  Mb.  A.  P.  Trotter  spoke  of  the  unique  constitution 
of  the  Joint  Committee.  As  the  representatives  of  the  several 
institutions  were  unanimous  among  themselves,  and  as  voting  had 
been  by  institutions,  no  injustice  seemed  to  have  been  done.  The 
matter  to  be  discussed  was  not  methods  of  street  lighting  but  a 
means  of  describing  it  when  obtained.  In  his  opinion,  the 
specification  afforded  a  very  practical  solution  to  this  problem. 
Some  of  the  participants  in  the  discussion  must  have  stopped 
reading  the  paper  before  they  arrived  at  the  specification.  In 
practice  no  survey  was  required  to  locate  the  point  of  minimum 
horizontal  illumination  :  it  could  almost  be  located  by  eye — only  a 
few  confirmatory  observations  were  needed.  He  attached  the  utmost 
importance  to  the  agreement  between  the  surveyors' classification  and 
that  reached  by  the  minimum  horizontal  illumination  measurementi". 
The  surveyors  must  have  allowed  for  reflected  light  from  house- 
fronts  and  for  the  value  of  direct  ray  illumination  at  crossings  ;  but 
the  fact  remained,  simple  horizontal  illumination  measurements  led 
to  the  same  classification.  Admittedly,  direct  ray  illumination  was 
and  horizontal  illumination  was  not  of  importance  in  street  light- 
ing ;  yet.  so  early  as  1883,  Sir  Wm.  I'reece  had  recognised  that 
horizontal  illumination  was  the  quantity  to  measure — not  because 
it  was  most  useful,  but  because  it  allowed  of  an  accurate  descrip- 
tion of  the  lighting  with  minimum  trouble.  Even  were  direct-ray 
measurements  made,  it  was  only  necessary  to  use  a  table  of  cosines 
to  reduce  the  results  to  the  horizontal  plane  for  comparison.  He 
was  willing  to  add  a  direct-ray  clause  to  the  specification  if  it 
could  be  shown  how  comparisons  were  to  be  effected  and  how 
direct-ray  illuminations  were  to  be  added.  Direct-ray  was  greater 
tha'n  horizontal  illumination  and  was  easier  to  measure  in  this 
respect,  but  the  horizontal  was  the  only  plane  on  which  all 
illumination  was  added  automatically.  There  seemed  to  be  no 
reason  why  a  Town  Council  should  understand  foot-candles  or 
c.p.  :  all  they  need  do  was  to  ask  for  light  similar  to  that  in  such 
and  such  a  street.  The  specification  was  intended  to  aid  technical  men 
ordering  and  providing  illumination.  The  approximate  height  and 
location  of  lamps  must  always  be  determined  by  the  surveyor,  but 
the  details  of  illuminating  schemes  should  be  left  to  the  contractor, 
otherwise  the  responsibilities  of  borough  surveyors  would  be 
enormously  enhanced,  and  progress  in  good  lighting  would  be 
seriously  retarded.  For  instance,  the  keen  competition  between  gas 
and  electricity  had  undoubtedly  led  to  more  rapid  and  extensive 
improvement  than  would  otherwise  have  been  attained  in  lighting. 
The  absurdities  feared  by  some  of  the  gentlemen  who  had  spoken 
would  not  be  realised  ;  for  instance,  the  cost  of  abnormally  tall 
posts  would  prevent  their  adoption.  The  cost  of  the  only  lighting 
units  which  could  provide  it  would  prevent  dismal  "flat  '  illu- 
mination. Mr.  Harrison's  table  was  based  on  a  formula,  and  should 
not  be  used  outside  the  limits  demarcated  by  the  horizontal  lines 
shown  in  the  various  columns.  Sec.  8  had  been  specially 
inserted  to  provide  a  safeguard  in  respect  of  "  glare."  By  simply 
specifying  minimum  illumination,  the  purchaser  inevitably  received 
a  bonus  of  light.  The  draft  specification  contained  certain  illu- 
mination clauses,  but  much  of  it  was  intended  for  candle-power 
work.  Dr.  Bunter  had  shown  it  to  be  possible  to  make  accurate 
measurements  of  very  low  horizontal  illumination.  Only  in  extreme 
cases  were  candle-power  measurements  imperative  ;  for  the  latter 
the  specification  made  full  provision,  though  it  was  primarily 
intended  for  those  cases  in  which  good  lighting  was  desired. 
Frankly,  he  shirked  the  calculations  involved  by  average  illumina- 
tion specifications.  Mr.  Bradley's  views  deserved  careful  considera- 
tion, but  it  should  be  remembered  that  a  system  which  proved 
admirable  in  a  certain  district  with  which  a  surveyor  had  grown 
thoroughly  familiar  by  long  association  might  prove  quite  unsatis- 
factory for  general  use  ;  the  Committee  certainly  aspired  to  the 
formulation  of  a  specification  suitable  for  international  use. 


In  a  letter  addressed  to  us,  Mr.  Kenelm  Edgcumbe  says  that  as  he 
had  already  spoken  in  the  discussion  on  Mr.  Trotter's  paper  when 
Mr.  Goodenough  alluded  to  some  opinions  expressed  by  him  six 
years  ago,  he  had  no  opportunity  of  replying.  Mr.  Goodenough 
appeared  to  think  that  because  Mr.  Edgcumbe  was  now  in  favour  of 
the  proposed  draft  specification,  he  had  changed  the  views  he  held 
in  1007.  Nothing  could  be  further  from  being  the  case.  He  was 
then,  and  was  still,  absolutely  convinced  that  the  horizontal  illu- 
mination was  the  only  satisfactory  criterion  of  street  lighting. 

The  point  which  Mr.  Goodenough  seemed  anxious  to  make  wa« 
that  in  1907  Mr.  Edgcumbe  held  that  it  was  the  average  horizontal 
illumination  which  counted,  whereas,  in  1913.  he  was  found  to  be 
in  agreement  with  a  specification  which  took  the  minimum  hori- 
zontal illumination  as  the  ciiterion.  He  was  still  strongly  of 
opinion  that  the  average  illumination  was  of  importance.  At  the 
same  time,  he  was  not  in  favour  of  making  a  statement  of  either 
the  maximum  or  average  obligatory  in  a  street-lighting  specifica- 
tion, and  this  for  the  following  reasons  : — 

1.  The  measurement  of  the  average  illumination  over  a  given 
area  is  a  matter  involving  a  large  amount  of  work — certainly  mm  li 
more  than  could  possibly  be  devoted  to  it  by  the  engineer  in  super- 
vising the  execution  of  a  lighting  contract. 

2,  To  specify  the  maximum   illumination   is  open    to   the  very 


Vol.72.    No.  l,Hf,o,  May  U,  1918.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    HE  VIEW. 


789 


fierioiiH  objootion   that   "  freak  "   Hpots  would  have   to   bo   Kuarded 
nRalnnt. 

.S.  MoHt  important  of  all,  oxperiencc  hoH  Hhown,  aH  Ih  inado 
abiiixlantly  oleiir  by  Mr.  Trottor  in  hiH  papor,  that  tho  minimum 
illumination  doen,  under  preKont  oonditionH  of  lii;htinK,  tfivu  a 
criterion  which  is  in  entiro  accord  with  thot  made  by  eyo  by 
experitinood  judjfeH. 

With  rejrard  to  Mr.  Ooodcnouifh'H  ((uery  as  to  Iuh  opinion  of  a 
"  difimally  lighted  Btroet"  uk  compared  with  a  "  brijfhtly  lii^hted 
one,"  it  was  entirely  a  ([UCHtion  of  tho  amount  of  money  which  tho 
purohaHor  waH  prepared  to  wpend,  m-v\ng  that 
Clauses  7  and  H  of  the  proposed  Hpecifioation 
(rave  the  engineer  complete  control  in  this 
respect. 

He  would  like  Anally  to  brinf; Clauses  Rand 
11,  OS  well  08  those  just  cited,  to  the  notice  of 
Mr.  Goodenouuh  and  the  other  speakers,  who 
seemed  to  hove  derived  so  much  exhilaration 
from  the  mental  irymnostics  involved  in  work- 
ing out  all  the  possible  and  impossible  com- 
binations of  heitfht,  spacing  and  candle-power, 
givinp  the  same  horizontal  illumination. 

If  the  infinite  number  of  such  combinations, 
»11  givini;  the  same  result,  meant  anythinfif 
at  all,  surely  it  was  that  it  was  better  to 
specify  the  result  rather  than  the  ingredients 
which  went  to  make  it  up,  more  especially 
since  the  capabilities  of  one  of  the  chief 
ingredients,  namely,  the  lamp,  could  not 
possibly  be  so  well  known  to  the  purchaser  as 
to  the  supplier. 


plant  are  ooniilderablo  ;  it  will  oonseqnontljr  be  more  eooDomical  to 
supply  any  further  demand  in  the  arna  nirrved  by  thin  Rtatlon  from 
Hiimtnor  Lane,  or  from  tho  NnohellH  powor  houpw.  To  •;iiiiur<i  con- 
tinuity of  supply  in  cami  of  breakdown  there  nhould  bo  a  margin 
of  20  per  cent,  of  spare  plant,  and  it  will  Ije  Mien  from  the  table 
on  tho  next  pai;e  that  it  in  nc<%«Hary  to  make  further  proviiilon  by 
the  winter  of  19 1 5- 1 0. 

The  Ncchells  jK)wor  house  will  supply  current  at  .'.000  volta, 
2r>  cycles,  to  the  whole  of  the  area  of  the  great<!r  city,  ria  Hammer 
Lane  or  tho  aub-statlons,  and  also  direct  to  bigh-teuirton  oonsamert. 


BIRMINGHAM'S     PROPOSED 
NEW   POWER   STATION. 


An  interesting  report  is  that  which  was 
presented  by  the  Birmingham  Electric  Supply 
Committee  at  the  quarterly  meeting  of  the 
City  Council  on  Tuesday  last,  on  the  question 
of  the  proposed  new  power  station  at  Nechells. 
From  it  we  gather  that  sanction  to  the 
purchase  of  land  and  to  the  sum  of  £.500,000 
being  raised  for  the  scheme  was  given  by  the 
Council  in  1911,  and  approved  in  the  Cor- 
poration Act  of  1912.  The  city  is  at  present 
supplied  from  three  generating  stations  : — 
Summer  Lane  ...         Capacity  2o,.'i00  KW. 

Water  Street  ...         Capacity    3,040  KW. 

Chester  Street,  Aston 

Manor       Capacity    4,550  KW. 


Total 


...  33,090  KW. 

The  capacity  of  the  Summer  Lane  Station, 
as  originally  designed,  was  22,000  kw  ,  but 
as  advantage  has  been  taken  of  the  develop- 
ments in  generating  machinery  since  that  date,  and  more  land  has 
become  available,  the  ultimate  capacity  of  this  station  will  be 
increased  next  year  to  36,500  KW.,  and  contracts  for  the  final 
instalment  of  plant  up  to  this  capacity  have  recently  been  placed. 
Although  it  would  be  possible  to  substitute  larger  generating  plant 
in  place  of  that  already  installed  in  the  engine  house,  there  is  no 


CITY     or    SIRMINOHAM    ELECTRIC  SUPPLY  DCP 


BLOCK  PLANOrSITC  or  NECHELLS  CENCRATINO 
STATION  SHEWING  IN  COLOUR  THE  FIRST  PORTION 
or  THE  SCHEME  AND  THE  EIRST UNITS  Or  PLANT. 


■  SCHCMC         r~~1 


._.:p3 


The  Proposed  Nechells  Powek  Statio.v,  Birmixgiiam 


room  for  the  necessary  corresponding  increase  in  the  boiler 
equipment. 

While  it  is  intended  to  continue  to  supply  from  the  Water  Street 
station  during  the  winter  months,  any  increase  of  the  plant  there 
is  out  of  the  question. 

The  Aston  Manor  station  has  reached  the  limit  of  its  present 
capacity,  and  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  increasing  the  generating 


The  "Greater  Bikmingham"  Akea,  showing  the  Existing  and  Pbopo.sed 
Generating  and  Sub-Stations. 


The  ultimate  capacity  of  the  station  will  be  100,000  Kw.,  the  first 
portion  being  designed  to  accommodate  plant  of  25,000  kw.  capacity. 
It  is  proposed  to  install  15,000  kw.,  of  which  two-thirds  will  be 
available  by  the  winter  of  1915-16. 

A  private  canal  basin  will  be  provided,  only  a  portion  of  which  will 
be  first  constructed.  A  railway  siding  will  also  be  built,  and  this 
will  be  employed  for  conveying  material 
and  machinery  to  the  site,  and  for  subse- 
quently dealing  with  a  portion  of  the  coal 
and  ash  traffic. 

The  main  coal  store  will  be  in  the  open  on 
the  wharf,  and  there  will  also  be  an  aux- 
iliary coal  store  on  a  piece  of  vacant  land 
adjoining  the  entrance  to  the  site.  The  total 
capacity  of  these  coal  stores  is  10,000  tons  of 
coal.  For  the  ultimate  capticity  of  the 
station  there  is  further  space  available  for 
coal  storage  purposes  capable  of  accommo- 
dating 50,000  tons. 

The  coal  will  be  handled  by  means  of 
transporter  cranes,  which  can  be  used  for  the 
double  purpose  of  filling  or  emptying  the 
stores,  and  for  feeding  the  conveyors  which 
will  be  used  to  supply  the  coal  bunkers  over 
the  boilers.  These  conveyors  may  also  be 
fed  from  railway  trucks  which  can  tip  the 
coal  direct  into  them. 

It  is  proposed  to  install  at  the  outset  three 
5,000-KW.  turbines.  Later  on  a  larger  type, 
probably  of  10,000  KW.,  wiU  be  installed.  An 
overhead  electrically -driven  orsme,  capable 
of  lifting  a  maximum  weight  of  60  tons, 
will  be  provided. 
In  the  boiler  house,  marine  type  water-tube  boilers,  fitted  with 
superheaters  and  overhead  economisers,  will  be  erected.  It  is  pro- 
posed to  use  short  iron  chimneys,  and  to  control  the  draught  by 
means  of  motor-driven  fans  on  the  Prat  system.  Seven  boilers  will 
form  the  first  equipment  to  provide  steam  for  the  three  generating 
sets. 


7*^5— 


For  removing  the  ashes  from  the  boilers  it  is  proposed  to  adopt  a 


790 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIE^V. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,850,  M.\Y  9,  191 


new  system  operated  by  air  suction.  Larere  totally  enclosed  aeh 
receiver  drnms  are  installed,  from  which  the  sir  is  exhausted  by 
motor-driven  exhausters.  The  drnms  are  connected  to  pipes 
which  run  under  the  ashpits  beneath  the  boilers,  and  a  rush  of  air 
is  thus  continually  maintained  through  these  pipes.  The  ashes 
are  dropped  out  of  the  ashpits  into  a  small  movable  crusher,  thence 
through  openinfTS  into  the  pipes,  and  drawn  by  the  rush  of  air 
into  the  receiver  drums.  The  latt«r  are  emptied  into  barges,  carts, 
or  railway  wagons.  The  basement  of  the  boiler  house  is  in  this 
way  kept  quite  free  of  all  dust  and  from  the  corrosive  fumes  given 
off  from  the  ashes  when  slaked. 


PUot  capacity 

Maximam 

Spare  plant 

Percentage 

Year. 

of  all  stations 

demand 

available, 

ot  plant 

in  Kw . 

ID  KW. 

KW. 

capacity. 

1909-10 

20,540 

15,2ti0 

5,280 

25-7     % 

1910-U 

22,040 

17,15ti 

4,884 

22-2     % 

1911-12 

'■2>i.500 

24,081 

4,509 

•15-7     % 

1912-13 

33,090 

27.775 

5,315 

16-06  % 

191.S-14 

39,090 

+32.950 

tr.,140 

tl5-7    % 

1914-15 

44,090 

37,450 

6,640 

15-06  % 

1915-1*! 

:44,090 

43.150 

940 

21    % 

1915-16 

§54,090 

43,150 

10,940 

20-2    % 

*  From  1911-13  Aston  Manor  is  included. 

f  The  flmires  in  cols.  3,  4  and  5  are  estimated  (or  I!tlB  11  and  onwards. 

;  Without  NecheUs. 

S  With  Necbells. 

A  switch  house  will  be  constructed  over  the  entrance  cartway  to 
accommodate  the  whole  of  the  switchgear  required  for  controlling 
the  generating  plant,  the  out-going  feeder  cables  and  the  various 
lighting  and  power  circuits  within  the  station. 


on  hire  at  date  is  894,  and  the  horse-power  5,749.    The  total  expen- 
diture on  this  account  to  date  is  £23,070. 

The  units  sold  for  l.t.  power  for  the  12  months  ended  March  31st, 
190t),  when  the  scheme  was  sanctioned,  and  the  units  sold  during 
the  12  months  ended  March  Slst,  1913,  were  as  under  : — 


Units. 


Twelve  months  ended  March  Slst, 

1906      1,490,506 

Twelve  months  ended  March  Slst, 

1913     17,626,743  £70,427 


Beveoue. 
£10,266 


The  Committee  considers  it  desirable  to  continue  the  scheme  on 
its  present  lines,  and  recommends  the  borrowing  of  the  sum  of 
£20,000  to  cover  the  expenditure  in  excess  of  the  original  loan  and 
prospective  expenditure  on  the  same  account. 

iManfiir  Sri'icf  Connerlionx,  Ext la-Itujh-Teimon  Switchijear.  arui 
Transformfrs  on  Conxnmer.i  Prriiiisrx. — In  1909,  the  Council  sanc- 
tioned a  loan  of  £149,350  for  the  general  purposes  of  the  electric 
supply  undertaking  ;  this  included  a  sum  of  £23,000  for  services, 
high-tension  consumers'  switchgear,  and  transformers  on  con- 
sumers' premises.  The  expenditure  against  this  loan  to  date  is 
£29.996. 

The  following  table  shows  the  increase  in  the  number  of  con- 
sumers and  in  the  output  of  electricity  since  the  date  mentioned 
above  : — 


Number  of  consumers 

Units   sold   for   low-tension    lighting 

and  power       

Units  sold  for  high-tension  power     ... 
Total  units  sold 


March  Slst, 
1909. 

3,903 

10,796,024 

1,827,794 

12,623,818 


March  Slst, 
1913. 

7,435 

25,288,679 
16,908,474 
42,197,153 


It  is  proposed  to  borrow  a  further  sum  of  £30,000  to  cover  ezcees 
and  future  expenditure  under  this  head. 


CITr       OF      BIRMINGHAM       ELXCTRIC       SUPPLY       D£PE 
PROPOSED       LAYOUT       rOR       NECHELLS       ClNERATINC      STATION 
cross       SECTION       THROUGH      BOILER       HOUSE       AND       ENGINE       ROOM 


n_  '*^^_  'j*^  ^"^ 


The  Proposed  Nechelt.r  Power  St.\tiox,  BiRMisciHAii. 


Workshops,  o£Bc«8  and  stores  will  also  be  provided  adjoining  the 
engine  house. 

Large  cooling  ponds  will  be  arranged  on  the  vacant  land  adjoin- 
ing the  engine  house,  divided  up  into  sections,  so  that  any  section 
can  be  emptied  for  cleaning  purposes.  Over  these  ponds  will  be 
installed  cooling  towers  for  cooling  the  whole  of  the  circulating 
water  required  in  the  station.  It  is  proposed  to  use  the  effluent 
water  from  the  filter  beds  of  the  Birmingham,  Tame  and  Rea 
District  Drainage  Board  for  circulating  in  the  condensers,  and  an 
ample  quantity  is  available  on  the  site.  A  first  instalment  of 
12  cooling  towers  will  be  sufficient  for  the  initial  requirements  of 
the  station. 

The  Committee  states  that  it  is  satisfied  that  at  present  and  for 
some  time  to  come,  turbine  plant  is  the  best  that  can  be  adopted  ; 
this  decision  has  been  arrived  at  after  examining  proposals  for  gas- 
driven  plants  by  home  and  foreign  makers. 

The  Committee  unanimously  asked  the  Council  to  approve  the 
plans  and  estimates  presented.  The  latter  include  the  following 
sums  : — 

NecheUs,  land  and  buildings  £132,500 

.,         plant  and  machinery      ...         ...         156,000 

Sub-station  equipment        50,000 

Underground  mains  ...  ...  ...         161,500 

•  — — • 

K  500,000 

A  loan  for  sub-station  equipments  of  £1 1,300  was  sanctioned  by 
the  L.G.B.  in  January,  1911.  This  has  been  expended,  as  well  as 
an  additional  £.5.380  included  in  the  sum  estimated  above  to  cover 
a  period  of  five  years.  The  last  mains  loan,  amounting  to  £94.000 
(in  1909),  has  been  expended,  as  well  as  £40,546  additional, 
included  in  the  amount  mentioned  above,  which  will  meet  the  cost 
of  trunk  cables  and  ordinary  requirements  for  two  years. 

Liiiin  for  J'yorifion  of  Muturt  fur  Hlrr  and  Jfirf-Pvrehaf. — In 
1900.  Council  sanctioned  a  scheme  for  supplying  motors  upon  hire 
and  hire-purchase  terms,  and  a  loan  of  £20,000  was  authorised. 
The  ^■cheme  has  been  widely  adopted  ;  the  total  number  of  motors 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES, 
AND    PLANT. 


riTTINGS 


The  ''Lynton"  Radiator. 

This  radiator  has  been  designed  hy  Mr.  Lynton  of  the  Charing 
Cross  and  City  Electricity  Supply  Co..  especially  for  hiring  out 
purposes.  We  understand  that  one  of  the  chief  difficulties  of 
supply   companies  in  this  direction   is  the  cost  of   maintenance. 


Fig.  1. — "Ltnton"  Radiatoe. 


This  point  has  been  carefully  studied  in  the  radiator  illustrated  ; 
all  repairs,  should  they  be  necessary,  can  be  done  on  the  spot 
by  the  company's  workman,  and  there  is  no  need  for  the  radiator 
to  be  returned  to  the  workshop. 


Vol.  72.     No.  l.Kr.i),  May  '.),  IDLS. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RF.VIIIW. 


lUl 


Only  on(!  laiii])  in  fitted  in  tlir  front  r)f  tlio  riidiiitor,  iind  tliJH  id 
claiinrd,  by  tho  Hiwoial  arrantronuint  of  tlio  rcMci-torH,  to  (five  almoiit 
tho  etTcct  of  two.  Mh.hsuh.  Vioiinvs,  l/ii>,of  Kinir  Strcot,  W.C., 
have  tho  nolo  riirhtu  of  manufacture  of  tho  "  Lynton  "  radiator,  and 
thoy  will  bo  ploawd  to  forward  a  Hamplo  to  any  en(;ineer  who  ih 
iDtereRted.  The  heatin);  elementH  at  the  back  havo  a  npecial 
arrancrement  fur  afBxini;  the  company'n  seal  to  prevent  tamporinif. 

Tlio  "Tress"  Illuiiiinatcd  Si^irns. 

Wo  recently  viHitod  tho  ofIi(3('H  of  the  Tukhs  Co.,  I,  Rathbone 
Place,  W.,  to  e.xamine  their  electrically  illuminated  ni^nH,  of  which 
they  make  a  trreat  variety,  as  well  an  a  wide  ranp;e  of  fitting's, 
apparatus  and  accoBBories  for  oinematopraph  theatroH,  photo- 
frraphers  and  other  trades.  In  addition  to  illuminated  letter  Biprns, 
transparencicH,  &o.,  of  the  familiar  types,  the  company  are  just 
introducing'  a  novel  sitrn,  which  is  totally  difl'erent  to  any  that  we 
havo  yot  seen,  and  is  extremely  effective.  Tho  accompanyincr  illus- 
tration shows  one  of  these  devices  in  the  form  of  a  double-sided 
hanprinc  Bign,  which  to  all  outward  appearance  is  like  others  of  itB 
kind  ;  when  in  operation,  however,  tho  larpe  illuminated  letters 
gradually  diminish  in  size,  keci)inpr  their  correct  proportions  and 
conBtant  spacinp,  until  they  finally  disappear  altogether  ;  they  then 


Fig.  2. — "Teess"'  Conteacting  and  Exp.\nding 
Letter  Sign. 


reappear  on  a  diminutive  scale,  and  gradually  regain  their  maximum 
dimensions,  when  the  cycle  is  repeated.  The  effect  is  exceedingly 
striking,  and  inexplicable  to  the  uninitiated  observer  ;  it  is  obtained 
by  an  ingenious  device  on  the  same  principle  as  the  iris  diaphragm, 
but  it  is  impossible  to  detect  the  method  of  operation.  The  letters 
and  background  may  be  of  any  colours  in  strong  contrast,  and  are 
effective  by  day  as  well  as  when  they  are  illuminated.  The 
mechanism  is  driven  either  by  clockwork  or  by  a  small  motor, 
taking  a  trifling  amount  of  power.  The  sign  has  been  eagerly 
welcomed  by  contractors  and  others.  The  company  will  retain  the 
manufacture  in  their  own  hands,  supplying  only  to  the  trade.  There 
is,  of  course,  no  limit  to  the  variety  of  patterns  in  which  the  sign 
can  be  made,  including  interchangeable  letter  signs. 

Apart  from  signs,  the  Tress  Co.  do  a  very  extensive  business  with 
the  trade  in  seats,  programme  boards,  arc  lamps  and  rheostats  of 
their  own  make,  a  ticket-issuing  machine  with  an  electric  tell-tale, 
and  electrical  and  photographic  supplies  in  general. 

An  Electric  Staff-Kitchen. 

Some  three  months  ago  the  Simplex  Co.  equipped,  in  connection 
with  their  ofiice  staff  dining  club  in  Birmingham,  an  electrically- 
operated  kitchen.    The  time  is  yet  early  to  have  secured  any  very 


Fig.  3. — Simplex   Ei.iiCTiuc  Kitchen. 


exhaustive  figures  'as''to~cost,'but'the'experience  gained  is  proving 
exceedingly  useful,  and  clearly  demonstrating  that  electric 
cooking  can  more  than  hold  its  own  from  every  point  of  .view. 
Some  40  meals  are  prepared  per  day,  consisting  of  soup,  at  least  two 


kinilH  of  jointH,  a  choice  of  HweelM,  colfr*,  .\:i:.,  »n<l,  in  addition, 
Home  fiO  teriH  per  <lay,  i/iany  of  which  are  of  the  variety  known  in 
certain  localitli-H  uh  "  high." 

Tho  recordH  of  coHt  m«  far  Hecured  may  Ix;  rfifurdwl  an  dlntin'.-tly 
HatiHfautory,  In  view  of  the  fact  that  they  Includn  thn  heatinir  of 
all  the  "  wai-hingiip  "  water  (no  Hmall  it<-m).  and  that  thn  lyxik  haa 
had  no  previouH  experionrM;  of  the  electrical  method,  and  ban  yet  to 
romoniber  that  a  nwifch  in  dexignral  for  cutting  oil  the  current 
when  it  is  not  wantei.  The  average  (X)hI  jm-.t  jx;ritfin  p<:r  m<*l  ba« 
proved  to  he  a  fraction  over  id.,  with  current  at  Id.  p<;r  unit. 

The  kitchen  iH  being  UHcd  to  tent  articlcH  of  Mtandard  manufacture 
in  actual  practice,  rather  than  to  obtain  roHulto  from  the  uae  of  a 
large  elaborate  cooking  ranife. 

So  far,  there  has  been  loiiipiete  freedom  from  breakdown  of  the 
actual  elementH,  the  only  miHhap  being  a  broken  connection  to  th« 
grill  on  a  caHt-iron  oven.     A  view  of  the  kiUjhen  in  given  in  &g.  'X 


parliamentary; 


Rhondda  Tramways  (Railless  Traction)  Bill. 

Sir  Ivor  IlKBfiKKT'.s  Select  Committee  of  the  Hooee  of  Commoni 
last  week  and  this  week  considered  the  Bill  promoted  by  the 
Rhondda  Tramways  Co.  for  power  to  construct  about  5  milea  of 
railless  trolleys,  to  start  from  their  existing  tramways  and  ero 
through  the  parish  of  Llantrisant.  Mr.  Vecey  Knox,  K.C.,  and  Mr. 
Tyldesley  Jones  represented  the  promoters,  and  Mr.  Hutchinson, 
K.C  ,  and  Mr.  Rhys  Williams  were  for  the  Llantrisant  Rural  District 
Council,  who  opposed. 

Mil.  Vesey  Knox,  K.C,  in  opening,  stated  that  the  tramway 
company  had  spent  about  .1:390,000  on  their  tramways,  and  in 
comparison  with  that  the  railless  traction  scheme  was  a  very  small 
undertaking,  for  it  was  estimated  to  cost  only  £20,000.  If  the 
powers  sought  were  granted,  it  was  proposed  to  give  a  half-hourly 
service,  with  a  maximum  fare  of  ."id.  and  a  minimum  fare  of  Id. 
The  roads  were  suitable  for  such  a  service,  and  would  require  no 
widening,  but  if  the  Committee  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
company  ought  to  contribute  to  the  upkeep  of  the  roads,  then  he 
asked  that  such  contribution  should  not  exceed  id.  per  car-mile. 

Mr.  Watts  Morgan,  asrent  for  the  Rhondda  district  of  miners, 
stated  that  40  federation  lodges  in  the  district,  representing  38,000 
miners,  had  signed  petitions  for  the  Bill.  At  present  it  was  im- 
possible to  get  to  some  of  the  mines  withont  going  over  the 
mountains. 

A  considerable  amount  of  evidence  was  given  regarding  the  effect 
which  the  construction  of  the  proposed  tramways  would  have  in 
bringing  about  the  opening  up  of  new  housing  districts,  the  Chair- 
man having  intimated  that  this  would  be  a  leading  factor  in  the 
settlement  of  the  general  principle  of  the  Bill. 

Me.  Nesbit,  manager  of  the  Rhondda  Tramways,  gave  evidence 
in  favour  of  the  proposals,  and  in  cross-examination  said  that 
when  the  proper  time  came,  the  Rhondda  Urban  District  Council 
would  take  over  the  undertaking  in  its  area  at  a  price  fixed  at  the 
time  the  agreement  was  made  with  it,  but,  of  course,  the  fixed  price 
would  not  apply  to  the  extensions. 

Mr.  Stanley,  engineer,  gave  evidence  on  the  plans  and  estimates 
and  expressed  the  opinion  that  whilst  an  ordinary  tramway  would 
be  commercially  impracticable  in  the  district,  he  was  satisfied  that 
the  route  was  suitable  for  railless  traction.  The  probable  receipts 
were  estimated  at  £5,740  and  the  working  expenses  at  £3,927.  leaving 
a  profit  of  £1,813,  out  of  which,  however,  provision  would  have  to 
be  made  for  depreciation. 

Mr.  Walter,  engineer,  also  gave  evidence  in  support  of  the 
scheme,  and,  replying  to  the  Chairman,  said  he  considered  that  the 
roads  ought  to  be  free  to  every  class  of  vehicle,  or.  in  the  alternative, 
all  should  share  alike  with  the  cost  of  repairs.  The  raUless  trolley 
system  had  not  been  long  enough  in  existence  to  furnish  reliable 
data  as  to  its  effect  on  the  roads. 

The  case  for  the  promoters  having  closed,  Mb.  G.  Morgan, 
formerly  surveyor  to  the  Llantrisant  District  Council,  was  called  for 
the  opposition,  and  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  road  proposed  to 
be  used  was  unsuitable  on  account  of  its  surface,  its  gradients  and 
its  narrowness.  He  believed,  if  the  system  was  allowed,  the  cost 
of  maintaining  the  road  would  increase  by  £1,000  a  year. 

In  cross-examination,  witness  said  he  did  not  wish  to  seethe  Bill 
thrown  out,  as  it  would  give  more  facilities  for  transport,  but  he 
wanted  reasonable  protection  for  the  local  authority. 
Other  evidence  in  opposition  having  been  heard, 
Mr.  Hutchinson  addressed  the  Committee  for  the  Llantrisant 
Rural  District  Council,  and  intimated  that  his  clients  did  not 
want  the  Bill  thrown  out.  If,  however,  the  Bill  was  to  proceed, 
the  promoters  ought  to  give  reasonable  accommodation  for  the 
traffic,  and  he  characterised  the  proposal  to  run  six  cars  as 
ridiculous.  In  order  to  deal  with  the  passengers  16  cars  would  be 
necessary.  He  contended  also  that  the  road  ought  to  be  widened 
at  the  expense  of  the  promoters. 

The  Committee  considered  the  matter  in  private,  and  the  Chairman 
subsequently  announced  that  they  had  taken  into  consideration  the 
figures  given  in  evidence,  viz.,  £4,231,  which  it  was  calculated 
would  provide  an  18-ft.  roadway  and  a  fi-ft.  footway.  The  Com- 
mittee considered  that  safety  would  be  secured  by  a  17-ft.  roadway 
and  a  4-ft.  footway.  They  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
road  authority  must  be  held  responsible  for  the  adapting  of  the 
road,  but  they  would  put  upon  the  company  the  liability  of 
one-third  of  such  capital  charge,  not  exceeding  in  any  case  one- 
third  of  £4,000.     With  regard  to  the  maintenance,  they  had  decided 


792 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,850,  Mat  9,  1913.  1 


that  a  proportion  of  the  annual  charfre  should  be  put  upon  the 
promoters,  but  euch  a  charg^e  was  not  to  exceed  three-eifrhthe  of  a 
penny  per  car-mile.  Subject  to  sfirreement  on  these  points  the 
Committee  declared  the  preamble  proved. 


Porthcawl  Oas  and  Electricity  Bill.— Lord  Donoupbmore's 
Committee  on  Unopposed  Bills  has  passed  the  preamble  of  this  Bill, 
which  dissolves  and  reincorporates  the  company,  and  pives  power 
to  them  to  erect  a  (rpneratine-  station  and  supply  electricity. 

Kent  Electric  Power  Bill.— The  House  of  Lords  has  aereed 
to  allow  an  additional  provision  to  the  Kent  Electric  Power  Bill  to 
be  'ntrodnced  this  session. 

Brighton  Corporation  Bill.— This  Bill  came  before  the  Earl 
of  Kintore's  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Lords  on  Monday. 
Several  matters  were  dealt  with  in  the  BUI,  including  a  clause  for 
the  transfer  of  the  powers  of  the  Brighton,  Hove  and  Preston 
General  Omnibus  Co.  for  the  running  of  a  system  of  raillefs 
trolley  tramways  between  Brighton  and  Rottingdean.  The  borrow- 
ing powers  sought  in  the  Bill  in  regard  to  the  railless  trolley 
system  were  £19,000.  There  was  no  opposition  to  this  part  of  the 
Bill,  the  preamble  of  which  was  declared  nrnved. 

Westgate  and  Birchington  Gas  and  Electricity  Bill.— The 
Unopposed  Bills  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  has  passed 
the  preamble  of  this  Bill,  which  authorises  an  increase  of  capital  to 
the  extent  of  £45.000. 

Soiithport  Corporation  Bill.— A  Select  Committee  of  the 
House  of  Commons,  presided  over  bv  Mr.  W.  Middlebrook,  has 
passed  the  preamble  of  the  above  Bill,  which  deals  with  a  large 
number  of  matters  affecting  the  administration  of  the  borough, 
and.  amongst  other  thines,  gives  power  to  run  trolley  vehicles. 
The  Committee  sanctioned  a  loan  of  £3..500  for  the  electrical  equip- 
ment of  trolley  vehicles,  with  20  years  as  the  period  for  repayment, 
and  £2.250  for  trolley  vehicles,  rennvable  in  10  year" 

Chesterfield  Corporation  Railless  Traction  Bill.— Sir  Ivor 
Herbert's  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  has  fixed 
the  following  periods  for  the  repayment  of  loans  authorised  under 
the  Bill  :— Erection  of  car-sheds,  dep6t8  and  buildings,  £2.000, 
25  years;  overhead  equipment  for  trolley  vehicles,  £33,780, 
20  years:  trolley  vehicles,  £6,400,  10  years;  motor-omnibuses, 
£16,000,  five  years. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR.    1913. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 
CompUed  expressly  for  this  journal  by  Messbs.  W.    P.    Thompbon  4   Ck)., 
r  tii!'"'    P»'?°'  Agents,    285,    High    Holbom,    London,    W.C,    and    at 
mverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


9.318.    "Dry  galvanic  cells."    F.  Weatbebili.  and  C.  Lke.    April  21st. 

y.dSl.      '  Electric  fDrnace."    P.  Evebmann.    April  21st.    (Complete.) 
(Complete'.)°°^*    coupler    and    electric    signal."    C.    H.    Light.    April  2l8t. 

q'4*''    '',*'''''"  telephone-number  indicator."    K.  B.  Hat.    April  22nd. 
M  MlssELL^^Aprir^nd"^   regulating   the  current    in  an   electric   circuit." 
FaiEtwcH.'  ^Aprn  22nd°  ^""^  ""^  '"'*'  ^""^  ""*  '"'""''^''^"fe  thereof."    C.  A. 

a^'r°T  .-1'  ^^'^c'T'S.al  connectors  of  the  plug  and  socket  type."  A.  P.  Lcndbeeg, 

q      ^'^"J'^^*".  P-  A.  Lcndbebg  and  G.  Pegg.     April  22nd. 
iinV?J„„"  ^"'bing  clips  (or  metalliccovered  electric  cables."    F.  de  B.  Haet 
ana  Anchoe  Cable  Co.,  Lid,    April  22nd. 

CABrt*r«"f™^°?^-,').^^'J''®  electricil  cable."  J.  Bowver  and  Anchor 
''ABLE  Ck).,  Ltd.    April  22nd. 

«.^£''^'  '!>^',^°"'''*'  "°^^  "'"'  »h«  '••'e  "  J.  C.  P.  KiBKwooD.  (Divided  appli- 
cation  on  9.513.  1912,  April  22nd.)    April  22nd.  ueu  appii 

.!-'*^"  "Ampere-hour  meter.  Alloemeine  Elxktbicitats  Qeb.  (Conven- 
tion date,  Apni  24<h,  1912,  Germany.)    April  22nd.    (Complete.) 

9,530.  "  Substitution  resistances  for  electric  lamps."  W.  Heins.  (Conven- 
tion date,  October  Srd,  1912,  Geimany.)    April  23rd.    (Complete.) 

9,634.    "Electric  controlling-switch  gear."    E.W.Adams.    April  23rd. 

9.575.  "  Machines  applicable  for  nse  in  taping  articles  such  as  cables." 
*RiED.  Kbupp  Art.  Ges.  Grisonwehk.  (Convention  date,  April  24th,  1912. 
Germany.)    April  23rd.    (Complete.) 

9.679.     "  Securing  electric  lamps  in  their  sockets."    K.  J.  Bott.    April  28rd. 

9,687.  "Arrangements  for  automatically  regulating  the  conditions  of  elec- 
tric systems."    H.  Loggton.    April  23rd. 

9,690.  "  Enclosed  electric  furnace  with  upper  charging  chutes."  Helfen- 
BTEis  EleetroOfen  G.m.b.H.  (Convention  date,  April  27th,  1912,  Austria.) 
April  23rd.    (Complete.) 

9,692.  "Electric  contacts  and  switching  or  contacting  apparatus."  Hoc. 
Anok.  deb  EiAULifsFMENTs  L.  Bleriot.  (Conveution  date,  April  24th,  1912, 
Belgium.)    April  23r<l.    (Complete.) 

9. ,^93.  "Telephone  systems."  Automatic  Telephone  MAmrACTt-RiNO  Co., 
Ltd.    (Automatic  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    April  23rd.    (Complete.) 

9,607.    "Electric  cable  conduits."    C.  L.  Dbubv.    April  24th. 

9,624.  "  Electric  transmission  systems."  W.  P.  Thompson.  (Soc.  Anon,  des 
Telegraphes  Edouard  Belin,  France.)    April  24th.    (Complete.) 

9,632.    "Electrical  signalling."    J.  C.  Tbomsok.    April  a4th. 

9^633.  "Electrical  driving  gear  (or  clocks  and  the  like."  F.  T.  Reid  and 
O.  Wiener.    April  24th. 

9,644.  "Telephonic  reproducers."  C.  Stille.  (Convention  date,  April 
24tb,  1912,  Germany.)    April  i4th.    (Complete.) 

9.685.  "Amortiseeur  windings  for  synchronous  dynamo-electric  machines." 
Britibb  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  P.  P.  Whitaber,    April  24th. 

9.686.  "  Dynamo-electric  machines."  British  Tbohbok-Bousion  Co.,  Ltd. 
(General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    April  24th. 

9,087.    "  Electro-magnetic  lock."    H.  D'E.  D.  Dowmas.    April  a4tb. 

9,703.  "Selective  impulse  traoimittera."  Western  Eleotrio  Co.,  Ltd. 
(WesteDi  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    April  a4th.    (Ccmplete.) 

9.725.  "Magnetic  separating  machines."  H.  H.  Thompson  and  A.  E. 
Davies,    April  25th. 

9,730.  "Inspection  elbow  and  like  boxes  for  steel  conduit  or  tubing  for 
electric  wires  and  cables."    J.  E.  H.  Fibber.    April  25th. 

9,733.  "  Londfpeaking  telephone  instruments."  Kelvin  &  James  White, 
Ltd.,  and  M.  B.  Field.    April  2Sth,    (Complete.) 


9,752.  "Carrying  metal  sheathed  electric  cables  through  bulkhead  and 
similar  partitions."    Metal  Jointing  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  T.  Harden.     April  25th. 

9,76V.  "Conduits  for  electric  cables,  wires  and  the  like."  G.  B.  Cars. 
April  25th. 

9.768.  "Telegraphy."  W.  Judd,  B.  Davieb  and  Eastern  Teleohatu  Ck>., 
Ltd.     April  25th. 

9.769.  "  Automatic  switch  apparatus  for  electricallv-illuminated  advertise- 
ments and  the  like."    M.  Lamoer.    April  25th.    (Complete.) 

9,777.  "Copying  sound  records,  particularly  adapted  for  reproducing  tele- 
phonic records."  E.  Chabeaclt.  (Divided  application  on  1,444  of  1918, 
January   17th,  1913.)     April  25th. 

9.81R.  "  Telephonic  indicating  apparatus."  M.  8.  Conner  and  A.  R.  Kahl. 
April  26th. 

9.833.  "  Printingtelegraphs."  L.  Ceiiebotani.  ((invention  date,  April 
29th,  1912,  Germany.)    April  26th.     (Complete.) 

9  &43.  "  Magnetic  compaoses."  Kelvin  &  James  White,  Ltd.,  M.  B.  Field 
and  D.  Renfrew.    April  a6th. 

9  869.  "Guards  for  the  stay  wirps  of  telegraph,  telephone,  or  other  poles." 
A.  Rooebs-Jehkins.    April  26th.    (Complete.) 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 


Copies  of  any  of  the  SpeoiflcatioDs  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  286,  High  Holbom,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1911, 


Electric  Transmission  op  Power.    H.  B.  van  Daalen  and  H.  P.  Sohreiber. 
24,122.    October  31st. 


1912. 

Staples,  Carpet  Fasteners,  Electric  and  like  Cable  Fasteners,  and  Similar 

SEroHi.NO  Devices.    J.  H.  Jerrim.    1,933.    July  19th.    (July  19th,  1912.) 
Construction  of  Appliance  for  Disinpectino  Telephone  Mouthpieces.    A. 

Weintraud.    3,046.    February  6th. 
Telegraph  Systems.    H.  H.   Harrison,  G,   W.  Moore  and  J.  Savin.    BfiSio. 

March  6th. 
Electrical  Engine  ob  Machinerv  Direction  and  Counting  Tell-tale.    J.  C. 

Clarke  and  Chadburn's  (ship)  Telegraph  Co.    6,692.    March  6th. 
Thermo-Electhio  Heatino  and  Cooling  Body.    E.  Altenkirch  and  G.  OeblhotT. 

8,050.     AprU  Srd. 
Aebanoement  FOR  Staeting  AND  Regulating  Dibfct-Current Elk cteioMotobs. 

F.  Cumont.    8,108.    April  Srd.    (June  29th,  1911.) 
Electric  Arc  Lamps.    A.  Ogilvy-Webb,  J.    D.White  and  R.  C.  A.  Reinecke. 

8,2)2.     April  4ih. 
Pyrometers.     F.Rogers.    8,486.    April  10th.    (Addition  to  6,364  of  1912.) 
Method  of,  and  Device  fob.  Neutralising  the  Effect  of  thb  Inertia  of 

Selenium  Cells.    A.  Weigl.    8,698.    April  11th. 
Electrical  Gevsers.    C.  R.  Belling.    8,682.    April  12th. 
Appabatcs  for  Starting  Multiple-Cylinder  Internal-Combustion  Motors  by 

MEANS  or  Magnetos.     Firm  of  Wtckerlein  &  Btocker.    8,986.    April  16th. 

(October  11th,  1911.) 
Device  foe  Industbially  Stebilising  Wateb  by  means  of  Electric  Mehcukv 

Lamps  Gknebatino  Ultra-violet  and  Similar  Rays.    P.  G.  Triquet.    9,814. 

April  19th. 
Peocess  for   the   Manupactuee  op  Drawn  Tungsten  Wires  ob  the  like. 

C.  H.  Fischer.    9,981.    April  26th. 
Prepayment  Electricity  Metees.    C.  J.  Turner.    18,647.    June  11th. 
Conductor  Rails  for  Electric  Railways  and  the  like.    C.   H.  Merz   and 

S.  G.  Redman.    13,801.    June  12th.    (Addition  to  No.  11,347  of  1908.) 
Machines    for     Manufacturing     Eiectbio    Incandescent    Lamps.      British 

Thcmson-HouBton  Co.    (General  Electric  Co.)    14,962.    June  26th. 
Means  fob  Controlling  Action  of  Electrical  Alabm  Appabatub  foe  Caph 

Bo.iiEB,  Jewel  Boxes  and  like    Receptacles.     G.    Downing    and  F.  S. 

Moulton.    16,026.    June  27th. 
Electric  and  othrb  Supply  Metebs.    Allgemeine  Elektrioitfits  GeB.    16,8f8. 

July  12th.     (July  14th,  1911.) 
Electbodeb  FOB  Arc  Lamps.    British  Thomson-Houston  Co.    (General  Electric 

Co.)    16,707.    July  17th. 
Electeio  CuT-oCT  Switches.    L.  Kovacs.     17,635.    July  30th. 
Electbically-operated  Hot  and  Coid  Aib  Douches,    A.  Schaeffer.    18,212. 

August  7th. 
Wibeless    System  to  Selectively  Call  up  Stations   (without  dibtoebing 

otheeb),  whetheb  distant  opeeatob  be  in  attendance  ob  absent.    k. 

Jamieson.    19,014.     August  20th. 
Packing-Envelopes  oe  Packing-Cabeb  fob  Electric  Battrbibb  and  Cells.     S. 

Stern  and  British  Ever-Ready  Electrical  Co.    19,856.    August  30th. 
Phototelegraphy.    T.  T.  Baker.    20,142.    September  7th. 
Automatic    Df.vice    for    Revehbino    One    or    Morf,   Electeio    Motors    for 

Operating  Tanning  Tubs.     Herrenschmidt  &  Co.    £0,976.    September  14tb. 

(October  18th,  1911.) 
Electrical  Switches.      B.  D.   Horton.     21,102.     September  16th.     (October 

23rd,  1911.) 
Regulators  for  Electric  Train  Liohtino  Systems  and  the  like.  P.  Kennedy. 

21,157.    September  17th.     (July  6th,  1912.) 
Dynamos,  Motors  and  like  Electrical  Machines.    A.  A.  Price.    21,983.    Sep- 
tember 26th. 
Sparking  Plugs.    E.  H.  Deligny.    23,580.    October  Srd.    (October  5tb,  1911.) 
Process  and  Devices   poe  Producing    in    a  Continuous    Manner    Rontgfn 

Rays  having  any  desired  Degree  of  Hardness  which  can  be  Ad.tdsteo  at 

a  Moment's  Notice.    J.  E.   Lilienfeld.     23,169.     October  10th.    (October 

10th,  1911.) 
Tungsten  Aniicathode   foe  Roentgen  Tubes.    Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

(Siemens  &  Halske  Akt.Ges.)    25,0J2.    November  1st. 
Device  for  Automatically  Stopping  Electric  Hoists.      British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.,  Ltd.      (Allgemeine  Elektricitiits  Ges.)     26,681.     November 

30th.) 
Armature  for  Direct-current  Watt-hour  Electbicity  Meters.    H.  E.  MouI, 

(Korting  &  Mathiesen  Akt.-(}e8.)    37,346.    November  27tb. 


i 


1913 

CuBEENT-BXCTiFYiNa  Appaeatub.     F.  CoBrad.     622.     January  etb.    (January 

10th,  1913.) 
Sparking  Plugs.    Siemens  &  Halske  Akt.-Qes.    1,064.    January  Uth,    (January 

36th,  1912.) 
Tilkphoni  Sybtemb.     W.  J.  Rickets.     2,3{i7.     January.  39th.    (Addition  to 

No.  4,282  uf  1911.) 


TTXXES 


ELECTI^IC-A-ILi    I^E"7'IE'V7"_ 


Vol.  LXXII. 


MAY  Ifi,  1918. 


No.  1,851. 


ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


THE     aoVERNMENT     AND     TRADE. 


Vol.  LXXII.l 


CONTENTS :  May  Ifi,  1918. 


The  Government  and  Trade  

Foroiijn  Trade  in  April      

The  I. E.K  in  Paris 

The  Electrical  Industry  in  France  (///«.<.)         

Electric  Laundry  I ronH  (iii««.)     ...  

Royal  Society  Conversazione  (iHtt*.)        

Correspondence : — 

The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  Lifts      

The  Preservation  of  CreoBoted  Poles  

Village  Liphting-  ..  

Combined  Luminous  Radiators  and  Convectors     ... 

Marconi  Advisory  Committee's  Report 

Bneinesa  Notes         

Notes 

City  Notes 

The  Betnlander  Automatic  Telephone  System 

The  Commercial  Production  of  Oxygen  and  Hydrogen  (illusj) 

Stocks  and  Shares 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         

New  Works  of  the  Cie.  Parisienne  de  Distribution  d'Electricitc 

(villus.') 
Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

The  "  Point  Fives  "      

Economies  in  the  Use  of  Electric  Power 

Faraday  Society  

Phase  Advancing        

Standard  Clauses  for  Street  Lighting  Specifications 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  \_illu».')      

Legal 

Foreign  and  Colonial  Tariffs  on  Electrical  Goods         

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     


[No.  1,861. 
I'SRO 
...  7!)H 
...  7'.M 
...  794 
...  795 
...  797 
...     798 


Contractors'  Column 


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Adelaide  :  Messrs.  Atkinson  &  Co., 
Gresham  Street. 

AuciLLAND,  N.Z  ;  Gordon  &  Gotch, 
Albert  Street;  The  Mining  and 
Engineering  ReWew,  16,  Pahnerston 
Buildings,  Queen  Street. 

Berlin  :  Asher  &  Co.,  Unter  den 
Linden ;  Speyer  &  Peters,  Unter 
den  Linden  43,  N.W.  7. 

Brisbane:  Gordon  &  Gotch,  Queen  St. 

Cbristchurch,  N.Z.:  Gordon  and 
Gotch,  Manchester  Street. 

DuNEDiN,  NZ.;  Gordon  &  Gotch, 
Princes  Street. 

Johannesburg,  Capetown,  Bloem- 
FONTEiN,  Durban,  Port  Eliza- 
beth, &A:  Central  News  Agency, 
Ltd. 

Launoeston:  Gordon  !:  Gotch, 
Cimitiere  Street. 


Mklbourne  :  The  Mining  &  Engi- 
neering Review,  90,  William  Street 
Gordon  &  Gotch,  Queen  Street. 

Milan  :   Fratelli  Treves. 

New  York  :  D.  Van  Nostrand,  25,  Park 
Place. 

Paris  :  Boyveau  &  Chevillet,  22,  Rue 
de  la  Banque. 

Perth,  W.A.  :  Gordon  &  Gotch, 
William  Street. 

Rome  :  Loescher  &  Co.,  Corso 
Umberto  1=  307. 

Sydney  :  The  Mining  &  Engineering 
Review,  2,  Hunter  Street  j  Gordon 
and  Gotch,  Pitt  Street. 

Tokonto,  Ont.  :  Wni.  Dawson  &  Sons, 
Ltd.,  Manning  Chambers ,  Gordon 
and  Gotch,  J32,  Bay  Street. 

Wellington,  N.Z.    Gordon  &  Gotch, 


Cuba  Street. 

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The  Electrical  Review,  and  crossed  "London  City  and  Midland  Bank, 
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THE     UNIVERSAL    ELECTRICAL    DIRECTORY 

(J.  A^  Bevlar'a). 

1913  EDITION. 

H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4.  Ludgata  Hill,  London.  B.C. 


Thf.  reader  ha.s  long  been  familiar  with  critifMHm  of  the 
inefficiency  of  the  Rritish  ( 'onHiilar  service  conBiderefl  from 
the  standpoint  of  trade,  and  with  the  demand  for  a  Minifiter 
of  Commerce.  It  is  thoiipht  that,  however  admirable  the 
Consul  may  be  as  a  diplomatic  official  and  a  (gentleman,  he 
is  not  always  a  sncccss  as  a  representative  of  British 
manufacturers — ability,  opportunity  and  inclination,  one  or 
all,  may  be  lacking.  The  Government  has  been  urged  to 
spend  money  with  a  more  liberal  hand  upon  a  reorganised 
Consular  service,  upon  Commercial  Attachi'S — now  too  few 
— and  upon  special  Trade  Commissioners.  For  what  has 
been  done  in  recent  years  by  way  of  improvement  in  these 
directions  and  for  the  increased  usefulness  of  the  Board 
of  Trade  Commercial  Intelligence  Department,  we  must, 
of  course,  be  grateful,  and  for  the  announcements  of 
the  past  week  we  are  especially  so  aeeing  that  they 
are  an  indication  that  now  that  the  Government  has,  in 
a  sense,  got  other  matters  out  of  the  way,  it  is  willing 
to  do  something  in  response  to  suggestions  from  those 
responsible  for  the  commercial  affairs  of  the  nation. 
Of  course,  we  must  not  e.xpect  to  get  all  that  we  ask 
for — there  is  to  be  no  ]\Iinister  of  Commerce  known  as 
such,  nor  is  there  to  be  a  million  a  year  allocated  for  more 
efficient  British  governmental  trade  representation  in  the 
various  quarters  of  the  globe  where  it  is  needed.  But, 
thanks  to  the  sitting  of  a  Royal  Commission  on  the  Civil 
Service,  we  are  to  have  a  .Second  Secretary  of  the  Board  of 
Trade,  and  thanks  to  the  consideration  of  the  Foreign  Office, 
there  is  a  prospect  of  closer  co-operation  resulting  between 
the  Commercial  Attachi'S  already  in  office  and  the  Chambers 
of  Commerce. 

Sir  H.  Llewellyn  Smith,  the  Permanent  Secretary  to  the 
Board  of  Trade,  in  his  evidence  given  last  autumn  before 
the  Royal  Commission  already  mentioned,  expressed  the 
view  that  the  danger  of  the  Board  lay  in  its  size,  and 
he  appeared  to  favour  the  appointment  of  a  deputy  or 
colleague  to  relieve  the  congestion  in  the  department, 
preferring  that  course  to  a  sub-division  of  the  whole 
office.  The  President  of  the  Board  now  announces 
the  appointment  of  a  Second  Secretary — Mr.  G.  Stapylton 
Barnes,  C.B.,  who  is  at  present  Comptroller- General 
of  the  Labour  Department.  The  Labour  Department 
of  the  Board  is  to  be  sub -divided,  with  responsible 
directors  for  Labour  Exchanges  and  Unemployment  Insur- 
ance, and  for  labour  statistics. 

It  will  be  recalled  that  before  ever  such  things  as 
Labour  Exchanges  and  Insurance  were  brought  within 
the  region  of  practical  politics,  it  was  strongly  held  in 
industrial  and  trade  circles  that  the  Board  was  over- 
burdened with  duties  which  ordinarily  would  hai'dly 
come  under  the  category  of  trade,  to  the  exclusion  of 
pressing  matters  which  were  of  direct  trade  concern. 
What  the  commercial  world  will,  no  doubt,  be  interested 
to  know,  is  whether  the  present  re-arrangement  will  merely 
lead  to  relief  of  the  kind  mentioned,  or  will  be  followed  by 
an  enlargement  of  interest  in  trade  affaii-s,  thereby  in 
some  measure  satisfying  the  desire  for  a  Ministry  of 
Commerce. 

The  second  announcement  to  which  we  allude  relates  to 
proposals  which  have  been  put  before  the  Associated 
Chambers  of  Commerce  bv  the  Foreign  Office.     These  pro. 


[793] 


794 


THE    ELECTEICaL    KEVIEWc        [Voi.  72.   no.  i,86i,  may  le,  1913. 


posals,  according  to  tiie  Times,  have  for  their  object  a  closer 
co-operation  between  H.^M.  Commercial  Attaches  and  the 
Chambers  of  Commerce,  and  Sir  Edward  Grey  recommends 
them  for  favourable  consideration. 

AVe  fear  that  Consular  officials  and  manufacturers  have 
been  strangers  to  each  other  and  to  each  other's  doings  far 
too  long.  The  reasons  may  be  many.  Trade  may  be 
infra  diij.  to  some  men  still,  but  that  attitude  is  to-day  a 
sheer  absurdity,  and  should  not  exist  ;  firms  may  have  lost 
confidence  in  Consular  representatives,  though  there  again 
unjustifiable  prejudice  has  not  been  lacking.  The  many 
other  reasons  need  not  be  stated  now.  we  believe  they  are 
familiar  enough,  but  one  thing  that  we  must  say  on  this 
point  is  that  when,  in  our  own  experience,  any  desire 
has  been  shown  by  manufacturers  to  place  Trade  Com- 
missioners in  possession  of  specialised  information  that 
would  assist  them  in  watching  over  British  Trade  interests 
in  other  countries,  they  have  not  been  slow  to  take  ad\antage 
of  the  opportunity. 

What  Sir  Kdwanl  Grey  is  now  stated  to  believe  is  that 
better  results  could  be  obtained  if  our  commercial  attaches 
*'  were  to  receive  some  guidance  from  British  manufacturers 
and  merchants  interested  in  foreign  markets,"  and,  as  a  first 
step  in  that  direction,  he  suggests  a  standard  classification  of 
the  trades  and  industries  of  this  country  which  can  be 
uniformly  adhered  to  in  official  reports.  A  second  sugges- 
tion is  that  leading  (juestions  be  drawn  up  by  experts  in 
regard  to  all  the  principal  industries  in  the  country,  especially 
those  affected  by  foreign  competition.  It  is  not  proposed 
that  this  classification  shall  extend  to  matters  of  detail,  and 
it  is  thought  that  a  certain  number  of  the  more  important 
branches  might  be  grouped  under  a  few  broad  headings,  one 
of  which  is  :  "  Machinery. — Electrical  Motors,  Dynamos, 
&c."  An  official  of  the  Board  of  Trade  Commercial  Intelli- 
gence Department  has  prepared  a  set  of  questions  (relating 
to  the  woollen  and  worsted  trades)  as  a  model,  and  it  is 
believed  that,  if  similar  sets  could  be  drawn  up  for  other 
leading  industries,  they  would  prove  of  the  greatest  assist- 
ance to  our  national  representatives  abroad  in  conducting 
investigations  and  preparing  reports. 

Now.  if  there  is  any  trade  which,  from  the  mouths  of  its 
more  militant  members,  has  expressed  itself  as  suffering 
seriously  under  foreign  competition,  it  is  the  electrical. 
Therefore  it  will  be  desired  that  the  electrical  engineering 
industries  shall  co-operate  in  preparing  information  for  the 
"guidance"  of  Commercial  Attached.  And  if  there  is  anv 
journal  which  has  shown  an  eagerness  for  Consular  officials 
to  be  fully  and  accurately  informed  regarding  the  abilities 
of  British  manufacturers,  it  is  the  Electrical  Eevievt. 
f)ne  part  of  our  effort  in  this  direction  has  been  the  sending 
of  this  journal  regularly  to  a  large  number  of  Consular  offices 
abroad,  and  the  conduct  of  a  voluminous  correspondence 
with  many  hundreds  of  them  urging  the  interests  of  liritish 
electrical  firms  upon  their  attention.  Between  three  and  four 
years  ago,  in  a  series  of  artic'es  on  this  and  other  trade  (jues- 
tions, we  went  so  far  as  to  suggest  that  those  destined  to  go 
abroad  as  expert  trade  representatives  of  this  country  should 
be  made  intimately  ac(juainted  with  our  great  national 
engineering  and  other  industries  by  touring  among  them  and 
seeing  them.  AVe  might  like  them  to  be  engineers,  but 
where  that  is  not  possible  we  would  have  men  with  minds 
trained  to  conduct  expert  observations  and  freely  imbibe 
just  the  right  kind  of  information  relating  to  technical 
industries.  Nothing  in  the  way  of  official  documents, 
statistics,  records,  and  so  forth — essential  as  these  are 
for  purposes  of  reference — could  make  so  forceful  an 
impression  as  seeing  things  at  first  hand.  Of  course  all  our 
Consuls  could  not  be  brought  home  to  make  provincial 
expeditions  for  their  education,  but  in  the  case  of  new 
appointments  and  of  officials  visiting  this  country  the  prin- 
ciple might  be  adopted  and  carried  out  on  a  small  scale. 
The  idea  running  through  this  suggestion  is  the  same  as  that 
prompting  the  proposal  of  Sir  Edward  Grey— the  better 
e<|uipment  of  our  Consuls  and  others  in  responsible  positions 
for  the  furtherance  of  our  trade  interests  outside  these 
islands. 

The  Elkctkical  Review,  of  course,  heartily  welcomes 
the  new  movement,  and  it  notes  that  tlie  Council  of  the 
Associated  Chambere  of  Commerce  has  agreed  to  advise  the 
Foreign  Offire  on  the  classification  and  compilation  of  sets 


of  suitable  questions,  and  to  appoint  committees  to  deal  with 
each  request  as  received. 

We  yield  to  none  in  our  admiration  for  the  activities  of 
the  Chambers  of  Commerce  in  some  directions,  but  we  may 
be  excused  if  we  question  how  far  these  Chambers,  either 
through  their  central  organisation  or  locally,  can  be  fairly 
regarded  as  able  to  speak  for  the  electrical  and  other  engin- 
eering industries.  There  are  electrical  organisations  which 
could  indicate  broadly  and  with  accuracy  what  electrical  firms 
want  to  know,  and  these,  if  so  inclined,  might  be  allowed  to 
co-operate  with  the  Chambers  in  order  to  ensure  that  this 
matter  should  be  put  on  a  proper  footing  for  the  future. 


.  The  official   figures  as  published   last 

[n' ADril""  *  ^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^"  compared  with  the  month 
of  April  last  year,  there  was  an  advance  of 
2.\  millions  sterling  in  imports  and  of  over  10  millions 
sterling  in  exports.  In  the  total  exports  the  items  coal 
and  iron  and  steel  together  show  an  advance  of  more  than 
£0,000,000.  It  has  to  be  remembered  that  the  coal  strike 
was  in  progress  last  year,  and  the  working  days  were  fewer, 
as  Easter  came  in  April  in  11)12  and  in  March  this  year. 
The  electrical  and  machinery  figures  are  as  follows  : — 


Imports.  .... 

Electrical    ^oods    and  »i°p°Vi'.  o""' 

apparatus,  excluding       1913.'  decrease, 

machinery  and  insu-         £  £ 

latedwire 131,806  -t-    12,25.5 


Four  lorrease 

months,  or 

1913.  decrekse. 

C  £ 

506,145  -      24,667 


Machinery       678,239  -I-  96.184     2,512,131   +    297,693 

J-Jxportx. 

Electrical  goods  and 
apparatus,  excluding: 
machinery  and  insu- 
lated wire    376,029   4-123,490     1.916,285   +    473.008 

Machinery       3.344,594    +786,828  11,934,657   +1,564,421 


On    Tuesday  next    a    large    party    of 

.'*  „  *  .'  '      members  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical 
m  Pans.        _,     .  ,  .  ,  . ,      ,  , 

Engineers,  together   with  a    considerable 

number  of  ladies,  will  journey  to  Paris,  to  meet  their 
mnfrrrp-^  of  the  Societe  Internationale  des  Electriciens — a 
body  which  was  founded  in  IHXA  after  the  first  international 
electrical  congress,  held  at  the  Paris  Exhibition  of  l.ss], 
and  which  has  since  maintained  its  reputation  as  one  of 
the  most  eminent  societies  of  its  kind  in  the  world.  .\o 
similar  visit  has  taken  place  smce  the  Paris  Exhibition  of 
lilOO,  and  as  vast  changes  and  developments  have  taken 
place  in  the  interim,  in  the  supply  of  electricity  to  Paris 
and  the  electrification  of  many  of  the  railways  and  other 
means  of  transit,  there  will  be  much  to  see  and  many  useful 
lessons  to  be  learnt  from  the  achievements  of  our  French 
friends. 

Some  idea  of  the  progress  that  has  been  made  in  France 
in  recent  years,  in  connection  with  the  electrical  industries, 
may  be  gathered  from  the  article  by  M,  Dary,  which  is 
commenced  in  this  issue  ;  we  print  also  an  abstract  of  an 
article  in  the  Technique  Uoderne,  describing  recent  works 
erected  by  the  company  which  has  taken  over  the  supply 
of  Paris  from  its  six  predecessors.  P)Ut  it  is  not  only  in  the 
capital  that  France  has  gone  ahead  ;  her  vast  natural 
resources  in  the  shape  of  waterfalls  are  being  rapidly  deve- 
loped, especially  in  the  south-east,  where  they  are  fed  by 
the  glaciers,  to  which  the  felicitous  title  of  "  white  coal  " 
has  been  given.  The  ice,  however,  is  better  than  coal  in 
that  it  is  perpetually  renewed,  and  thus  this  source  of  power 
is  inexhaustible. 

As  usual,  a  full  programme  has  been  arranged — too  full, 
in  all  probability  ;  but  that  is  the  invariable  rule  on  these 
occasions,  and  in  any  event,  those  who  prefer  to  do  so  can 
"  skip "  items.  We  are  certain  that  our  friends  of  the 
SocieU'  will  give  the  visitors  a  thoroughly  good  time,  and 
we  rejoice  to  think  that  they  will  fraternise  not  merely  as  a 
matter  of  form,  but  with  that  cordiality  which  is  born  of  a 
sincere  and  unreserved  goodwill.  The  visit  cannot  fail 
to  strengthen  the  bonds  of  friendship  between  the  two 
nations,  and  especially  between  these  two  great  ejigineering 
InKtitutlon^.       . 


Vol.  72.    No.  I,h:,i,  May  H'.,  l!n:t. 


TffFi    laiKCTRICAL    HKVfKW. 


705 


THE    ELECTRICAL   INDUSTRY    IN    FRANCE. 


Bv  (iKOliGI'W  DAIIY. 


Thk  111"  I,  few  \(ins  have  witnessed  a  marked  l)nsinfsK  revival 
in  I'^raiicc,  vvliidi  has  extended  generally  to  all  industries  and 
to  the  electrical  industry  in  particular.  Five  years  ago,  in  a 
series  (if  articles  in  these  columnn,  we  were  under  the  painful 
necessity  of  drawing  attention  to  the  lack  of  entci-pri.'-e  in 
connection  with  new  industries  that  was  then  prevailing  in 
h' ranee  ;  what  may  be  rcgai'ded  as  a  general  condition  of 
debility  and  trepidity  combined  with  a  constant  feeling  of 
hesitation,  prexentecl  even  those  usually  associated  tlierewitli 
from  encouraging  the  promotion  of  serious  undertakings,  thus 
greatly  hindering  the  development  of  the  electrical  industry. 
We  were,  however,  also  able,  in  concluding  the  series  of 
articles  mentioned  ubo\e,  to  foreshadow  the  great  forward 
movement  the  industry  was  bound  to  make  at  an  early  date, 
thanks  to  the  perseverance  of  courageous  pioneers,  who,  in 
spite  of  systematic  oHicial  obstructicm,  and  tlie  difhculty 
experienced  in  securing  anyone  to  take  a  financial  interest 
in  the  schemes  proposed,  valiantly  continued  their  way 
towards  the  desired  goal.  To-day  their  victory  would  seem 
to  be  complete,  for  tlie  proofs  we  are  able  to  offer  in  con- 
nection with  the  same  are  both  numerous  and  varied. 

In  fact,  from  a  financial  point  of  view,  the  native 
fears  which  the  French  investor  still  held  with  regard 
to  industrial  undertakings  have  disappeared,  and  to  this 
exaggerated  fear  quite  a  rolte  fcirc  has  succeeded,  almost 
without  a  period  of  transition,  thus  admirably  demonstrating 
the  character  of  the  French  for  unreserved  enthusiasm.  The 
capitalist  and  the  small  investor  have  neglected  (Government 
stocks  in  order  to  buy  shares  or  debentures  in  industrial 
undertakings,  collieries,  industrial  financing  companies,  elec- 
trical undertakings,  mines  of  all  kinds,  and  the  value  of 
the  shares  is  steadily  advancing  and  with  a  regularly  increas- 
ing market,  the  last  batch  of  hesitating  investors  has  been 
drawn  in.  On  the  other  hand,  too,  and  as  an  inevitable 
result,  industrial  undertakings  which  were  already  commenc- 
ing to  show  renewed  life,  have  developed  an  enormous  activity 
as  a  consecjuence  of  the  influx  of  capital  and  credit,  with  the 
result  that  there  is  just  now  (juite  a  revival  in  industrial 
undertakings  in  France,  the  existing  position,  as  compared 
with  the  past,  being  indeed  exceptional. 

From  the  point  of  view  of  outward  appearances,  the  situa- 
tion is  extremely  striking.  In  Paris  the  numerous  lines  of 
the  Metropolitan,  or  underground  railways,  are  approaching 
completion,  and  the  number  of  passengers  is  increasing  daily  ; 
then  there  is  the  extension  and  reconstruction  of  the  large 
railway  stations  of  Mont  Parnasse  and  Saint  Lazare  ;  the 
electrification  of  the  suburban  railway  line?,  the  increase  in 
the  number  of  trains,  and  the  construction  of  new,  better 
equipped,  better  lighted,  and  better  heated  bogie  carriages. 
The  improvement  of  the  electrical  distribution  service,  the 
reduction  in  the  charges  for  energy,  and  the  general 
use  of  metallic-filament  lamps,  which  brought  about  a 
sudden  increase  in  the  number  of  consumers,  have  forced  the 
electricity  supply  companies  to  greatly  increase  the  plant  at 
their  generating  stations.  The  Compagnie  Gcncrale  des 
Omnibus  de  Paris  has  seen  itself  compelled  to  suddenly  and 
totally  transform  itself,  by  getting  rid  of  all  its  horse-drawn 
'buses  and  replacing  them,  on  all  the  different  services,  with 
speedy  motor-'buses.  Next,  there  has  been  the  introduction 
of  thousands  of  motor  taxi-cabs,  the  relatively  low  taritt's 
charged  for  the  use  of  the  same  having  brought  about  the 
disappearance  from  the  streets  of  the  old  horse-drawn  cabs 
which  continued  to  make  a  struggle  for  existence.  The  net 
result  of  all  this  is  that  within  a  space  of  two  years  life 
generally  in  Paris  has  become  much  more  intense,  and  the 
traffic  80  heavy  that  the  latter,  according  to  recent  statistics, 
now  exceeds  that  of  Ijondon. 

In  provincial  France  the  industrial  revival  is  no  less 
marked.  There  is  the  frequent  formation  of  new  undertakings 
which,  looked  at  from  an  electrical  point  of  view,  have  as  their 
object  for  the  most  part,  the  exploitation  and  utilisation  of 
new  waterfalls  in  the  generation  of  electrical  energy  and  the 
distribution  of  the  same  for  lighting  and  power  purposes  in 
neighbouring  towns.       Furthermore,    new  electric  railways 


arc!  being  constructed,  while  exiHting  railway  ooni|»uriio«  an 
adopting  electric  traction  on  BcctionH  of  their  lineH.  Finally, 
th<!rc  are  many  huge  projoctH  which  are  being  either  coii- 
Hidered,  are  being  got  ready  for  execution,  or  arc  in  coiirae 
of  being  <;arricd  llirough,  such  as  tunneln  tlirongh  the 
I'yrenccs,  the  ulilisaiion  of  the  water  jwwer  of  the  I'piMr 
Phone  river  with  llie  view  of  HUpj)lying  electrical  energy  to 
i'ah'is,  iVc.  From  among  this  large  nnndicr  of  new  innlalla- 
tions  and  projects,  we  shall  select  the  most  chararteristif:. 
the  most  striking  from  each  class,  from  an  electrical  point 
of  view,  with  the  object  of  bringing  home  to  readcrH  the 
reality  of  the  unexpected  jirogreHs  that  has  been  achieved. 

VVc  shall,  therefore,  summarise  the  new  eleclrir-al  distri- 
bution systems  in  Paris,  the  projected  utilisation  of  the  Uiver 
Phone,  the  electrification  of  the  I'aris  suburban  railways, 
and  the  modernisation  of  the  tramways,  the  new  Franco- 
Spanish  electric  railway  in  the  Western  Pyrenees,  and,  finally, 
the  latest  examples  of  central  stations  in  the  I'yrcnees  aud 
in  South-Western  France. 

If  we  examine  the  actual  position  of  the  electricity  supply 
of  Paris,  we  find  that  the  transitory  ri'i/iini-  which  commenced 
in  11108  will  come  to  an  end  at  the  termination  tf  the 
present  year.  in  other  words,  the  six  old  concessionnairfs 
which  divided  Paris  into  as  many  sei  tion.s,  ai;d  which,  in 
their  dealings  with  the  Paris  .Municipality,  are  represented 
by  the  Comitc  de  ITnicm  des  Secteurs  Filectri(iues  i'arisiens, 
will  come  to  the  end  of  the  period  of  their  concession  on 
January  1st,  l'.)14.  What  may  be  termed  the  definite 
n\t/i)iiii  will  then  commence,  and  will  continue  until  .lune  :^)Oth, 
11)40  ;  during  this  term  of  yeais,  the  work  of  supplying 
Paris  with  electricity  will  be  entrusted  to  the  Compagnie 
Parisienne  de  Distribution  d'Euergie  Electri(|ue.  '1  he  con- 
tract may  be  determined  by  the  Paris  Municipal  Council  on 
June  oOth,  11121,  or  at  the  end  of  any  subse<iuent  two  years, 
subject  to  two  years'  notice  being-  given.  I'y  the  agree- 
ment, the  Compagnie  Parisienne  has  to  establish  two 
generating  stations  to  meet  the  demands  of  consumers,  one 
in  south-west  Paris  (Issy).  and  the  other  in  north  Pans 
(Saint  Ouen).  Jioth  stations  arc  in  communication  with 
the  railway  system.,  and  are  located  on  tlic  banks  of  the 
Piver  Seine.  The  capacity  of  each  plant  mnst  be 
2.j,000  KW.  as  a  minimum.  The  northern  station  may  be, 
extended,  at  the  wish  of  the  Paris  Municipal  Council,  to 
50,000  KW.,  the  Municipality  also  reserving  the  right  to 
meet  future  increased  demands  by  utilising  current  trans- 
mitted from  hydro-electric  plants  at  a  distance,  in  place  of 
extending  the  northern  generating  station.  In  any  case,  the 
two  plants  above  mentioned  must  be  ready  to  supply  current 
by  January  1st,  1914,  the  guarantee  to  this  end  deposited 
by  the  concessionnaires  being  £80,000. 

The  agreement  arrived  at  between  the  company  and  the 
Paris  jMunicipality  may  be  summarised  as  follows  : — The 
transitory  period  from  1H08  to  1913  was  agreed  to  in  order 
to  give  the  new  concessionary  company  time  to  re-establish 
the  supply  system,  and  to  place  its  service  on  a  satisfactory 
basis.  The  company,  therefore,  proceeded  with  the  establish- 
ment of  the  two  plants  above  mentioned.  The  northern 
one,  at  Saint  Ouen,  basia  capacity  of  75,900  kw.,  and  the 
south-western  one,  at  Issy-les-Moulineaux,  a  capacity  of 
2."),000  KW.,  10,000  KW".  generating  sets  being,  as  far  as 
possible,  employed. 

According  to  the  agreement,  the  company  will  have  a 
monopoly  as  regards  lighting,  but  not  for  the  supply  of 
current  for  power  purposes,  in  which  department  competition 
is  very  probable,  as  there  is  already  a  proposal  to  form  a 
company,  with  a  capital  of  £2,0Oo,00o,  for  the  supply  of 
electrical  energy  for  power  purposes,  in  workshops  and  indus- 
trial establishments,  at  a  lower  price  than  is  charged  by  the 
Compagnie  Parisienne.  The  suburbs  of  Paris  would  also  be 
supplied  with  current  for  power  purix)ses  by  other  companies. 
A  scheme  is  under  consideration,  too,  in  the  Xord  Depart- 
ment of  France  for  the  establishment  of  generating  stations 
for  the  supply  of  current  to  a  considerable  area,  extending 
right  up  to  the  gates  of  Paris.  One  of  these  stations  will 
be  established  at  Creil.  another  at  Laon.  and  it  is  also  pro- 
posed to  transmit  electrical  energy  from  generating  stations 
established  directly  in  connection  with  collieries  in  the  Xcrd 
and  Pas  de  Calais  Department?. 

Returning,  however,  to  the  work  which  is  being  carried 
out  by  the  Compagnie  Parisienne  in  readiness  for  the  supply 


796 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol. 


No.  1,851,  Mat  16,  1913. 


from  January  Ist  next,  an  inspection  of  the  plans  shows 
that  the  reorganisation  and  extension  of  the  system  have 
been  prepared  with  a  view  of  obviating  the  considerable 
e.Kpense  which  would  have  attached  to  the  complete  unifica- 
tion of  the  system,  and  of  avoiding  the  opening  of  trenches 
in  all  the  different  thoroughfares,  with  the  object  of  re- 
ducing to  a  raininuim  the  disturbances  to  the  supply  service 
and  the  dislocation  of  tralHc.  The  programme  of  work, 
which  is  on  the  point  of  completion,  comprises  three  distri- 
buting areas  or  zones  :  First,  the  centre  zone — densely  popu- 
lated and  with  a  heavy  consumption  of  energy  :  supplied 
with  continuous  current  on  the  three-wire  system.  Secondly, 
the  left  bank  and  western  zone — population  relatively  thiniy 
distributed  and  only  moderate  current  consumption  :  sup- 
plied with  single-phase  alternating  current  at  3,000  volts 
pressure.  Thirdly,  the  north-east,  cast  and  south-east  zone 
— comparatively  thinly  populated  :  supplied  with  two-phase 
alternating  current  at  a  pressure  of  2  x   110  volts. 

It  may  here  be  mentioned  that  the  two-phase  current 
is  generated  at  a  pressure  of  12,;^00  volts,  and  that  in  view 
of  the  wide  distribution  area  it  was  necessary  to  establish 
a  number  of  sub-stations,  or  to  alter  those  already  existing. 

For  the  first  zone,  supplied  with  continuous  current,  the 
establishment  of  1 1  sub-stations  was  provided  for,  where  the 
high-tension  alternating  current  is  transformed  to  low- 
tension  continuous  ready  for  direct  use  by  consumers.  The 
equipment  at  these  sub-stations  has  been  so  arranged  that 
it  can,  up  to  .January  1st,  li)14,  be  supplied  with  current 
from  the  existing  Secteur  generating  stations.  Six  existing 
sub-stations  have  already  been  suitably  altered  to  meet  the 
new  conditions — viz.,  the  Bondy,  Trudaine,  Saint  Roch, 
-Manconseil,  Sevignc  and  Clichy-Puteaux  sub-stations.  The 
other  five  newly  established  are  those  known  as  Bergere, 
Pasquier,  Temple,  Voltaire  and  Saint  Antoine. 

The  second  zone,  supplied  with  alternating  current  at 
1 2,300  volts  pressure,  comprises  four  new  sub-stations, 
where  the  initial  voltage  is  reduced  to  ;5,000,  which  in  turn 
will  be  transformed  down  to  110  volts  by  means  of  trans- 
formers installed  in  the  consumers'  premises.  These  sub- 
stations, two  of  which — Muette  and  Sevres — are  already 
completed,  while  two,  fJobelins  and  Les  Ternes,  are  nearly 
ready,  will  share  the  load  on  the  phases  of  the  primary 
two-phase  network  connecting  them  to  the  supply  stations. 

r-'inally,  the  third  zone  will  comprise  five  coupling  centres, 
intended  t^  divide  up  the  high-tension  current  from  the 
generating  stations  between  120  transformer  stations,  where 
the  voltage  will  be  reduced  to  2  x  110.  The  five  centres 
are  Doudeauville,  Lumicre,  Menilmontant,  Charonne  and 
Daumesnil. 

The  supply  mams  will  comprise  : — (1)  The  primary 
mains  connecting  the  generating  stations  with  the  sub- 
stations and  coupling  centres,  having  a  length  of  281 
miles  ;  (2)  the  feeders  connecting  the  sub-stations  with  the 
conductors  supplying  the  consumers,  about  188  miles  of 
which  are  already  laid  ;  and  (;^)  the  conductors  supplying 
consumers"  installations,  and  which,  already  in  existence, 
have  been  converted  to  either  the  three  or  five-wire  system. 

As  regards  the  tariff  for  electricity  supply,  which  is  on  a 
basis  of  7d.  per  KW.-hour  for  lighting  and  ;*.d.  for  power 
purposes,  this  is  to  be  reduced  to  3d.  for  lighting  and  2d. 
for  power. 

The  question  may  here  be  asked  :  Whether,  with  the 
numerous  additions  of  electric  tramways,  or  the  new  and 
numerous  electric  lines  connected  with  the  metropolitan 
and  suburban  railways,  the  thousands  of  new  consumers  of 
I'urrent  for  lighting  and  power  purposes,  the  generating 
plants  provided  for  by  tlie  agreement  will  be  sufficient  to 
supply  Paris  witli  electrical  energy.  The  question  may 
fearlessly  be  answered  in  the  negative.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
with  the  Metropolitan  I'nderground  Piuilways  complete,  a 
supply  of  100  million  kw. -hours  will  be  lequired  :  the  tram- 
ways and  other  services  will  require  an  equal  amount:  the 
suburban  railway  system  will  need  12.^>  million  kw. -hours  ; 
for  power  purpoFes  in  Paris.  200  millions  :  for  lighting  in 
Paris,  60  millions,  and  for  lighting  in  the  suburbs, 
100  millions,  or  a  total  of  C,f<',  million  kw. -hours  :  that 
is  to  say,  double  the  pr^spnt  consumption  in  Paris.  It  will 
therefore  be  impossible  for  the  generating  stations  in  the 
French  capital  to  provide  for  this  enormous  consumption. 
Consequently  vr-nnri^t'  will  have  to   be  had    to   an  outside 


supply  of  electrical  energy,  which,  generated  at  a  distance, 
shall  be  cheap,  and  transmitted  to  Paris  by  overhead  con- 
ductors. The  utilisation  of  the  water-power  of  the  River 
Rhone  is  a  scheme  that  meets  the  case,  and  which  has 
resulted  in  the  project  of  which  details  are  appended. 


The  utilisation  of  water-power  is  being  so  much  regarded 
as  the  future  source  of  electrical  energy,  that  for  some  time 
past  the  most  coiupetent  authorities  hive  been  drawing  up 
statistics  with  regard  to  the  hydraulic  resources  possessed  by 
France,  just  as  a  business  man  who  is  contemplating  start- 
ing a  new  undertaking  counts  up  his  available  capital. 
France,  from  this  point  of  view,  is  a  rich  country,  for,  accord- 
ing to  figures  issued  in  1910  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture, 
there  is  a  total  of  utilisablc  water-power  available  of  no 
less  than  0,200,000  H.r.,  divided  approximately  as  fol- 
lows : — Northern  Alps,  2,000,000  h.t\  ;  Southern  Alps, 
2,(100,000  H.p.  :  Vosges  and  .Jura,  1,800,000  h.p.  ;  Centre 
and  Pyrenees,  2,800,000  n.r. 

By  scanning  the  following  extract  from  the  work  recently 
published  by  M.  de  la  Brosse  as  to  the  capacity  of  the  hydro- 
electric stations  that  have  been  established  in  the  Alps, 
readers  of  the  Rf.vikw  will  be  able  to  gather  an  idea  of  the 
amount  of  hydraulic  power  in  France  that  has  so  far 
been  utilised  and  the  enormous  quantity  that  is  still 
available  :  — 


Iliirrx  and 

Streams. 

H.p. 

Dranse 

1,100 

Arve 

54,880 

Fier... 

3,400 

Guiers 

...       14,760 

Rhone,  Yoi 

lage     

...       22,000 

Istre  and  tributaries       

...     260,000 

Drome 

670 

Lez  ... 

90 

Durance 

...       93,000 

Arpens 

3,800 

Siagne 

8,600 

Loup 

.3,200 

Var  ... 

8,350 

Roya 

Total    ... 

275 

...     474,125  H.P. 

The  ]iurpose  for  which  this  power  is  utilised  is  approxi- 
mately as  follows  :  Metallurgical  industries,  210,000  h.I'.  ; 
power  and  lighting  distribution,  155,000  h.p.  :  chemical 
works,  00,000  h.p.  ;  paper  mills,  30,000  h.p.  :  traction, 
10,000  H.p.  :  and  flour  mills,  &c.,  8.000  u.p. 

As  regards  the  project  to  utilise  the  water-jxiwer  of  the 
Upper  Rhone  below  Geneva,  which  was  accepted  by  the 
Government  in  September,  1911,  this  was  drawn  up  by 
Messrs.  Harlc,  Blondel  and  Miihl.  It  is  not  the  first  scheme, 
nor  yet  the  only  one,  as,  for  some  years  past,  the  subject 
has  occupied  many  minds,  but  has  long  been  regarded  as  an 
idealist's  dream.  The  great  progress  that  has  been  made  by 
electrical  science  has,  however,  converted  the  dream  into  a 
possible  reality,  which,  it  is  hoped,  will  shortly  be  put  into 
execution. 

At  the  present  time  there  only  exists  a  single  very  modest 
plant,  at  Bellegarde,  near  Gi'nissiat.  where  it  is  contemplated 
to  establish  the  projected  barrage,  or  dam.  The  Socictc  de 
Bellegarde  had  also  drawn  up  a  similar  project  of  trans- 
mitting electrical  energy  to  Paris,  and  proposed  to  utilise 
about  270,000  h.p.  AVe  shall,  however,  not  deal  with  the 
last-named  scheme,  but  will  occupy  ourselves  with  the  one 
which  has  been  officially  accepted  and  which  has  the  greatest 
chances  of  success. 

As  it  emerges  from  l^ake  Geneva,  the  River  Rhone  finds 
itself  confined  in  a  deep  valley,  into  which  it  rushes  as  a 
veritable  torrent.  The  flow  there  is  considerable,  the  Lake 
serving  as  a  reservoir,  and  to  regulate  its  volume.  Messrs. 
Harlc,  Blondel  and  Mahl  propose  to  establish  a  dam  at 
Genissiat,  246  ft.  in  height,  which  will  convert  the  upper 
valley  into  a  lake,  having  an  area  of,  approximately,  040 
acres,  a  length  of  about  14^  miles,  and  a  capacity  of  over 
1,765,500,000  cb.  ft.  The  hydraulic  power  available  would 
range  between  80.000  and  350,000  n.r.  The  establishment 
of  the  plant  would  also  solve  the  question  of  the  navigation 
of  the  Rhone  as  far  as  Geneva,  by  means  of  a  series  of  dams 
and  a  branch  canal,  which  would  encompass  the  generating 
station. 


Vol.72.    No.  l.nr.l,  May  in,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    iii ;V?J; 


7ii7 


In  order  lo  ctiHiirc  the  sbabilily  of  tlw  darii,  it  will  ho 
n(!Ct'HSuiy  to  f,'o  down  to  solid  loclx,  which  Iiuh  hiien  found  at 
II  depth  of  hh}j  ft.  The  stream  of  water  iieiiif,'  1 1  Ik  ft.  deep, 
the  foiindatioiiH  will  liave  to  exti^iid  to  a  (ktjitli  of  jiiHt  over 
100  ft.  On  th(!  other  hand,  tlie  solid  eliaracter  of  the  hanks 
will  enable  t)u;  ends  of  the  dam  to  be  stronj^ly  incori)orated 
tlierewith.  'riie  f^c^neratinj^  station  to  be  established  at  the 
foot  of  the  dam  is  desi^med  for  an  average  capacity  of 
210,000  KW.,  divided  into  21  sets  of  10,000-KW.  turbines. 
It  is  hoi)ed,  liowever,  to  reduce  the  number  of  sets  to  10 
by  increasinjif  the  capacity  of  cacli  to  IT), 000  K\v.  Tlie 
turbines  will  run  at  2.'J0  revoluticms  per  minute,  and  will 
drive  three-pliase,  1 2-pole  allernators  giving  current  at  1 2,000 
\()ltK  pi-essurc.  For  transmission  ptir-poses,  the  xoltage  of 
the  ciurcnt  will  be  raised  to  120,000  in  a  transformer  su))- 
statioii,  located  at  a  point  2r)2  ft.  above  the  geiusrating 
station,  and  at  a  distance  of  about  720  ft.  Tlie  continuous- 
current  exciters  (TfiO  k\v.  at  ](!0  volts)  will  be  coupled  to 
vertical-si)iudle  turbines.  The  generating  units  will  be 
divided  into  independent  groups.     All  the  controlling  gear 


ELECTRIC    LAUNDRY    IRONS. 


Uv  G.  If.  KI.LIOTT,  A.M.I  l.  K. 


Fio.  1.— Rhone-Paris  Transmission  Line. 


for  the  general  running  of  the  generating  station  will  be 
operated  from  a  distance.  The  cables  leaving  the  alter- 
nators will  be  provided  at  their  ends  with  oil  circuit-breakers. 
The  staff  at  the  generating  station  will  be  able  to  cut  ofif 
the  current,  but  not  to  re-establish  the  circuit,  this  being 
reserved  to  the  central  establishment. 

Three  distinct  services  will  be  provided  for — the  120,000- 
volt  service  for  Paris  ;  one  of  30,000  volts  for  the  Depart- 
ments in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  station  ;  and  a  12,000- 
volt  one  for  electrochemical  establishments. 

Four  lines,  transmitting  a  total  of  100,000  KW.,  will 
connect  Geuissiat  with  Paris.  Each  of  the  lines  will  com- 
prise three  cables.  They  will  be  divided  into  two  groups,  and, 
in  the  distance  of  about  220  miles,  three  distributing  centres 
are  provided  for,  as  shown  in  the  accompanying  map  (fig.  1) 
-*one  near  Louis-le-Saulnier,  the  second  between  Semur  and 
Dijon,  and  the  third  between  Joigny  and  Troyes.  These 
centres,  separated  by  a  distance  of  about  GO  miles,  will 
furnish  a  supply  to  well-populated  industrial  districts. 

The  transmission  lines  will  be  supported  on  steel  columns 
at  distances  of  from  492  to  656  ft.  It  is  hoped  to  utilise 
aluminium  conductors  of  20  mm.  diameter,  and,  with  an 
initial  voltage  of  from  100,000  to  120,000,  the  loss  at  Paris 
is  estimated  at  20  per  cent.  The  Harle-Blondel-Miihl 
scheme  will  cost  about  £4,000.000,  and  it  is  expected  that 
it  will  be  possible  to  supply  energy  at  a  reduction  of  20  per 
cent,  on  the  tariff  established  under  the  new  1914  regime. 

(To  ie  continued.) 


I  AM  greatly  interested  in  the  wjrrcHj)ondencc  relating  U> 
troubles  encountered  with  electrically  heated  irons  in  laun- 
dries and  other  workro<jms,  since  I  have  had  considerable 
experience  with  this  class  of  apparatus. 

The  cord  trouble,  I  believe;,  is  mor<;  a  matter  of  j)rop«'r 
suspension  than  any  other  thing,  and  where  what  I  call  the 
"  floating  cord  system  "  is  adopted,  us  in  the  laundries  of 
Messrs.  -John  iJarker  (where,  as  stated  in  Mr.  (Jarr's  letter  on 
April  2r)th,  the;  irons  lia\e  run  for  two  years  without  trouble 
of  any  kind),  of  .Messrs.  Mastman  iV  Son  (where  :;00  electric 
irons  are  in  use),  and  in  many  other  workrooms  with  which 
1  am  acquainted,  the  trouble  with  the  cords  is  negligible. 
This  system  is  shown  in  the  accompanying  illustration.  A 
little  wooden  ball  is  hung  by  a  fine  twine  from  the  ceiling  over 
the  centre  of  the  ironing  table.  The  fixed  wiring  is  taken 
to  a  ceiling  rose  on  the  wall,  or  on  a  suitable  supfKjrt  alx)Ut 
4  ft.  above  the  level  of  the  table.  The  flexible  cord  is  taken 
from  this  rcse,  through  a  hole  in  the  ball,  and  drops  thence 
to  the  iron.  The  ball  should  be  free  to  swing  over  a  dis- 
tance at  least  equal  to  half  the  travel  of  the  iron.  Then, 
as  the  iron  is  moved  about  the  table,  the  ball  swings  in 
unison  with  it,  and  the  cord  floats  without  strain,  and  will 
be  found  to  have  a  really  long  life.  Where  the  head  room 
is  limited  so  that  the  ball  cannot  swing  freely,  it  is  an 
advantage  to  hang  the  ball  on  a  light  spiral  spring  in  order 
that  the  desired  amount  of  motion  may  be  given.  The  hole 
in  the  ball  should  be  a  snug  fit  on  the  cord,  and  the  cord 
adjusted  so  that  there  is  no  loop  or  kink  between  it  and  the 
iron  ;  a  loop  is  a  certain  source  of  trouble. 

It  is  my  experience  that  the  cord  should  be  as  light  and 
flexible  as  possible.  Xothing  is  better  than  good  vulcanised 
twin  70/40.  A  great  fault  with  most  electric  irons  is  the 
wire  cage  and  bush  that  is  attached  to  the  connector.  In 
workrooms  the  cord  has  always  to  withstand  a  very  consider- 


Flexible  SusPENsiiuN  Fou  Laundkv  Ikons. 

able  amount  of  bending  and  straightening,  and  this  is  bound 
to  fatigue  the  material  after  a  greater  or  less  time,  even  with 
proper  suspension.  "Where  a  cage  is  fitted,  the  bending 
takes  place  at  the  top  of  the  cage,  especially  when  a  bush  or 
knob  is  fitted  there  ;  since  the  two  poles  are  twisted  closely 
together  at  this  point,  there  is  a  grave  risk  cf  a  "  short " 
between  the  two — one  cord  in  breaking  is  quite  liable  to  fire 
across  to  the  other  and  create  serious  trouble.  In  the 
connector  usually  fitted  to  the  "  Hot-Point "  iron  this 
shorting  is  avoided  by  keeping  the  two  poles  well  apnit  at 


798 


?EE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


LVol.  72.    No.  1,851,  May  ItJ,  1913. 


the  trouble  point.  A  cord  grip,  consisting  of  a  steel  bar 
with  fibrous  insulating  collars,  is  fitted  near  the  top  of  the 
connector.  The  two  cords  coming  from  the  sockets  are 
passed  under  this  bar,  and  are  gripped  between  the  insu- 
lating collars  and  the  porcelain  body  :  the  braiding  itself, 
or  preferably  a  cotton  whipping  wound  over  the  braiding,  is 
gripped,  and  there  is  no  strain  on  the  copper.  The  porcelain 
above  the  cord  grip  lias  two  holes  or  tubes  formed  in  it,  and 
the  weakest  spot  on  each  cord  is  located  within  these  tubes. 
Then,  if  the  cord  is  allowed  to  remain  in  use  so  long  that  it 
wears  out  and  breaks,  any  arc  that  may  be  formed  occurs 


^ 


Det.^ils  of  Coed  Grip. 

inside  the  tube  and  is  damped  out,  the  two  poles  are  kept 
well  apart,  and  serious  trouble  is  a  most  improbable  event. 
"  Ironical  "  mentioned  trouble  caused  by  poorly  designed 
connections  between  the  terminal  pins  and  the  elements. 
In  the  irons  I  am  best  acquainted  with,  these  connections 
are  made  by  forming  a  three-wire  loop  of  the  actual 
heavy  gauge  wire  of  the  elements  theuiselves,  and  securing 
this  loop  under  big  hexagon  nuts.  I  understand  that  this 
arrangement  is  quite  free  from  trouble. 

I  should  greatly  appreciate  seeing  a  few  more  records  of 
running  cost  published.  Factory  owners  have  a  tendency 
to  multiply  the  nominal  wattage  by  the  number  of  working 
hours  per  week  and  to  declare  that  electric  irons  are  ruinously 
expensive.  The  actual  figures,  I  believe,  are  strongly  in 
favour  of  electric  irons.  For  instance,  a  report  from  the 
New  York  Edison  Co.  was  published  in  this  paper  a  week  or 
two  ago,  giving  the  average  consumption  of  irons  in  tailoring 
factories  at  o.50  Kw. -hours.  This  is  an  amount  that  is,  I 
believe,  much  appreciated  by  central-station  engineers,  and 
at  Id.  per  unit  it  is  quite  capable  of  bearing  comparison 
with  gas.  Should  any  readers  of  the  Elfxtrical  Rkview 
have  similar  figures,  I  believe  that  many  other  engineers 
would  be  pleased  to  see  them. 


ROYAL    SOCIETY    CONVERSAZIONE. 


On  Wednesday  last  week  the  conversazione  of  the  Royal 
Society  took  place  at  Burlington  House,  the  guests  being 
received  by  the  president.  Sir  Archibald  Geikie.  There  was 
not  a  large  proportion  of  electrical  exhibits,  partly,  perhaps, 
because  marked  attention  is  being  devoted  to  apparatus  for 
use  in  aeronautical  investigations.  For  instance,  Mr.  M. 
O'dorman  showed  a  collection  of  seven  instruments  to  in- 
dicate or  record  the  speed,  path  and  distance  traversed  by 
aircraft,  to  measure  the  pull  on  a  wire  without  disturbing  it, 
Ac,  some  of  these  Ijeing  electrically  operated.  The  Cam- 
bridge S<ientific  Instrument  Co.,  Ltd..  showed  a  yaw  indi- 
cator, and  the  National  Physical  Laboratory  an  apparatus 
for  the  rapid  determination  of  the  lifting  power  of  samples 
of  hydrogen. 

I'rof.  J.  T.  Morris  exhibited  a  new  instrument  for  an 
allied  purpose — the  measurement  of  the  velocity  of  wind — 
in  this  case  applied  to  the  distribution  of  velocity  round  a 
circular  rod  at  right  angles  to  a  current  of  air  produced  by 
a  fan  in  a  wooden  trunk.  The  device  consists  of  a  Wheat- 
stone  bridge  made  up  with  alternate  arms  of  platinum  and 
mantjanin,  the  wires  being  stretched  axially  along  the  rod. 
At  normal  temperature  the  bridge  is  out  of  balance  ;  a 
current  is  passed  through  it,  and  a  calibrated  indicator  takes 


the  place  of  the  usual  galvanometer.  The  change  in 
temperature  and  resistance  of  the  platinum  wires  is  a 
measure  of  the  velocity  of  the  air  which  cools  them,  and  can  be 
determined  by  the  reading  of  a  milli-voltmeter.  Another 
method  of  using  the  instrument  is  to  vary  the  current  so  as 
to  bring  the  bridge  into  balance-  for  a  given  velocity  ;  the 
square  of  the  watts  used  in  the  bridge  wires  is  then  nearly 
proportional  to  the  velocity  of  the  wind.  With  this 
apparatus  the  movement  of  air  can  be  determined  quite 
close  to  and  all  round  an  obstruction,  and  it  is  not  necessary 
to  find  the  direction  of  the  wind  before  a  measurement  can 
be  made — as  in  the  case  of  the  Pitot  tube. 

-Mr.  F.  AV.  Jordan  exhibited  the  sensitive  convection 
radiometer  and  thermo-galvanometer,  which  he  described 
before  the  Physical  So(  iktv  a  few  months  ago:'  this 
instrument  indicates  the  strength  of  a  convection  current  of 
air  in  a  partitioned  chamber,  set  up  by  very  feeble  sources  of 
heat ;  a  deflection  of  54  mm.  is  obtained-  on  a  scale  1  m. 
from  the  mirror  with  10  "^  calorie  ix;r  second.  As  shown  at 
the  ( 'onversazione,  it  was  measuring  the  heat  evolved  by  a 
minute  quantity  of  radium. 

Prof.  J.  Norman  ('ollie  and  ^Ir.  H.  S.  Patterson  showed 
experiments  bearing  upon  their  recent  observation  of  the 
presence  of  neon  and  helium  in  hydrogen,  after  the  passage 
of  an  electric  discharge  through  the  latter  at  low  pressure. 

A  no%el  instrument  was  exhibited  by  the  Uxdkrkked 
Stdker  Co.,  Ltd.,  in  the  shape  of  a  pocket  CO^,  thermo- 
scope,  with  which  the  percentage  of  carbon  dioxide  present 
in  flue  gases  can  be  determined  in  a  few  seconds,  and  to. 
a  high  degree  of  accuracy.  The  principle  employed  is  that 
of  absorption  of  the  CO.^  with  caustic  soda,  the  resulting 
chemical  reaction  giving  rise  to  an  evolution  of  heat  which 
is  proportional  to  the  quantity  of  CO,.  The  apparatus  con- 
sists of  a  cylinder  fitted  with  a  piston,  by  means  of   which 


T 

A-             ►     11 

r 
i 

1 ^  T 

K T 

Section  of  CO.-  Tiikumoscope. 

a  measured  quantity  of  gas  can  be  drawn  from  the  flue  or 
chamber  to  be  examined,  two  thermometers,  and  cartridges 
containing  pulverised  caustic  soda.  It  is  shown  in  section 
in  the  accompanying  figure,  where  a  is  the  cylinder,  r  an 
outer  jacket,  n  the  testing  thermometer,  and  (;  the  cartridge. 
An  auxiliary  thermometer  t  enables  a  correction  to  be  made 
for  the  temperature  of  the  instrument  by  regulating  the 
stroke  of  the  piston  with  the  scale  s  engraved  on  the  piston 
rod,  80  that  the  correct  volume  of  gas  is  always  drawn  in. 

*  Elbctuical  Review,  November  15th,  1912. 


Vol.72.    No.  l,8r,i,  May  If.,  I0i:t.l 


TIFK    KLKCTRTCAli    lil^^VIKW. 


79;^ 


To  UHe  the  instrument,  a  sample  of  gns  is  drawn  into  tho 
cylinder,  tuid  llu*  tap  i  is  cloHod  ;  one  of  tiie  little  ciirtridfjcH 
is  pricke;!  at  eaeli  cud  to  cnalile  tlie  ^ns  to  flow  throu^ili  it, 
and  is  attached  to  one  end  of  a  rubber  ((nincction,  the  otlier 
end  K  of  which  is  connect(!d  to  the  no/./le  of  the  tap.  The 
cartridge  is  inserted  into  the  hollow  bulb  k  of  the 
thcrnionictcr,  and  after  adjustinfj  the  zero  of  tlie  movable 
scale  K  to  the  top  of  the  mercury  column,  the  piston  is 
pushed  in,  drivinj^  the  gas  through  the  cartridge.  The 
percentage  of  CO,  present  is  then  read  olT  diriictly  on  the 
scale  K,  which  can  be  seen  through  a  slol.  i).  It  will  be 
seen  that  the  process  is  extremely  8imi)le,  and  can  be 
carried  out  by  any  intelligent  pereon  without  skill  in  mani- 
pulating chemical  apparatus. 

The  ('AMitiiiiKiio  SoiKNTiFff;  Insthcmknt  Co.,  Ltd., 
showed  the  "  Apojihorometer,"  an  instrument  designed  by 
I'rof.  J.  .Joly,  for  easily  obtaining  sublimates  at  high  tem- 
peratures. It  consists  of  a  thin  ribbon  of  platinum  ;  the 
substance  to  be  tested  is  placed  on  the  ribbon  in  the  form  of 
a  pinch  of  powder,  and  the  ribbon  is  enclosed  between  two 
watch  glasses.  On  passing  a  current  through  the  ribbon 
and  gradually  increasing  its  strength,  the  various  sublimates 
are  driven  off  in  turn,  and  by  noting  the  current  in  each 
case  the  temperature  of  the  ribbon,  previously  calibrated, 
can  be  ascertained.  By  this  means,  the  analysis  of  compli- 
cated minerals  is  greatly  facilitated.  Other  exhibits  were 
a  barometer  with  a  dial  instead  of  a  vernier,  and 
an  electrical  device  for  recording  the  amount  of  opening  of 
the  stomata  on  a  leaf. 

The  most  interesting  exhibit  was  that  of  the  Sperry  Gyro 
('ompass,  in  which  the  gyroscopic  element  is  suspended  from 
a  stranded  wire,  the  top  of  which  is  held  in  a  frame  surround- 
ing the  sensitive  element  and  made  to  follow  it  by  a  system 
of  electrical  contacts  controlling  a  motor.  The  system  com- 
prises a  master  compass  which  is  placed  in  a  well-protected 
position  in  the  ship,  and  repeater  compasses  which  are 
operated  by  the  master  compass  in  various  parts  of  the 
ship.  The  gyrostat  is  driven  by  three-phase  currents,  and 
takes  up  its  definite  position  in  about  four  hours  from  the 
time  of  starting  the  motor. 


C0]^RESF0NDEN6E. 


Lfttert  received  by  ut  after  B  P.M.  ON  Tuesday  cannot  appear  untU 
eke  folloimng  week.  Correspondentf  should  forward  their  communi- 
cations at  the  earliest  possible  moment.  No  letter  can  be  published 
unless  we  have  the  writer''*  naitie  and  address  in  our  possession. 


The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  Lifts. 

I  am  afraid  that  Mr.  W.  8.  F.  Cooper's  acquaintance  with 
electric  lifts  is  somewhat  limited.  If  he  will  make  inquiries 
he  will  find  that  combined  electrical  and  mechanical  locking 
gear  has  been  successfully  applied  to  the  gates  of  lifts  for 
several  years  past. 

With  an  electrically- controlled  lift  nothing  is  easier  than 
to  put  the  electric  portion  of  the  lock  on  each  landing  gate, 
and  frequently  also  on  the  cage  gate,  in  series  with  the  con- 
troller, so  that  current  cannot  be  given  to  the  motor  until 
every  gate  contact  has  been  made,  or,  in  other  words,  until 
every  gate  has  been  closed. 

Hydraulic  lifts  can  be  protected  in  a  similar  manner 
by  arranging  the  electric  locks  in  series  with  a  solenoid 
rope  gripper  fixed  on  the  top  of  the  cage.  Whenever  the 
cage  is  at  any  floor,  and  the  landing  gate  open,  the  gripper 
grips  the  rope  and  prevents  its  being  operated  until  it?  is 
released  by  the  closing  of  the  gate. 

Mechanical  locking  alone  is  insufficient  protection,  for,  as 
a  rule,  it  means  that  the  cage  can  be  moved  fiom  the  landing 
with  any  gate  open. 

A.  R.  Leaver. 

London,  S.W.,  i/av/  7lh,  1913. 


he  does  not  think  that  a  normal  inje<tiori  of  creowHe  into 
wood  makes  it  brittle,  which  was  all  I  twjk  exwption  to. 
I  have  no  doubt  that  in  the  case  of  »omc  large  u>*':rH  it  is 
im|Kifisible  to  arrange  for  notching  and  tn.ring  Ujforc 
creoHotirig,  but  we  find  that  most  other  large  userH,  an 
electrical  contractors,  power  conipanies,  Ac,  do  endeavour 
to  plan  their  lines  out,  and  have  such  work  done,  as  far  an 
jKJSsible,  before  (;reoHoting. 

('hrlMto|iliir  >Vmle. 

Hull,  A/ (11/  (i///,  i;)i:',. 

Village  Linrhting. 

I  read  with  interest  your  note  on  "  Village  Lighting," 
especially  as  I  have  just  successfully  eqnipj)ed  a  ajuntry 
residence  in  the  Dukcries  with  12-('.i'.  Iani[js  ft'<l  from 
portable  batteries.  The  cost  (initial)  is  very  low,  and 
maintenance  runs  almut  "f)  of  a  i)enny  per  houj.  This  may 
interest  your  correspondent. 

John  Morley. 

Mansfield. 

Combined  Lnniinons  Radiators  and  Convcctors. 

I  notice  in  the  current  issue  of  the  Ei.KcnncAT.  Kkvikw 
a  description  of  the  "  Lynton"  radiator,  in  which  an  electric 
heating  lamp  and  heating  elements  are  employed,  and  this  is 
claimed  to  be  a  new  type  of  radiator. 

I  would  call  your  attention  to  enclosed  Patent  Xo.  l.'>,591 
of  1 902,  which  covers  a  combination,  in  one  frame,  of  the 
use  of  electric  heat  lamps  and  non-luminous  heating  elements. 
The  Dowsing  Uadiant  Heat  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  manufactured 
these  combined  radiators  for  the  jast  10  or  ] :.'  years,  and 
they  have  proved  very  successful. 

Radiators  of  this  description  would  infringe  my  patent, 
and  I  may  say  that  all  necessary  legal  proceedings  will  be 
taken  by  my  company  to  uphold  their  rights. 

For  the  benefit  of  those  who  may  not  be  acijuainted  with 
this  patent,  the  claims  arc  as  follows  : — 

1.  An  electric  stove  comprising  in  one  casing  one  or  more  elfctric 
glow  lamps  and  one  or  more  heating  resistances,  adapted  to  be  con- 
nected either  separately  or  otherwise  to  a  source  of  electric  current 
substantially  as  described. 

2.  An  electric  stove  comprising  electric  glow  lamps,  and  a 
resistance  coil  or  coils  disposed  respectively  in  front  of  or  behind 
a  reflector,  and  adapted  to  be  connected  either  separately  or 
otherwise  to  a  source  of  electric  current,  substantially  as 
described. 

3.  An  electric  stove  comprising  in  one  casing,  one  or  more  electric 
glow  lamps,  and  one  or  more  resistance  coils,  adapted  to  be  con- 
nected either  separately  or  otherwise  to  a  source  of  electric 
current,  opening  in  the  casing  and  passages  leading  therefrom  to 
the  heating  resistances  and  lamps  substantially  as  described. 

May  I  add  that  this  combined  form  of  electric  radiator, 
which  we  call  our  Radio-Convector,  is  of  very  great  value, 
as  the  good  points  of  both  types  of  radiators  are  included  in 
this  design. 

Ihe  Dowsingr  Radiant  Heat  Co.,  Ltd., 

H.  J.  DowsiNO,  Manayiny  Director. 

London.  W.,  May  ^th,  191:3. 


The  Preservation  of  Creosotfd  Poles. 

I  am  obliged  by  the  reply  of  "Communicated"  to  my 
letter,  and  fear  I  read  his  article,  which  appeared  in  yours  of 
the  18th,  rather  hurriedly.    I  quite  agree  with  this.     I  take  it 


Marconi   Advisory  Committee's  Report. 

I  am  not  interested  in  any  wireless  scheme,  but  it  strikes 
me  as  odd  that  no  mention  is  made  of  the  fact  that 
Australia  has  not  adopted  the  system  favoured  by  the 
Britifch  GoverLment ;  and  yet  the  Australian  system  is 
effective  over  long  distances.  The  same  remark  applies  to 
the  systems  in  use  in  Germany,  France  and  in  the  .  United 
State's  ;  and,  as  an  outsider,  I  cannot  see  wherein  the  so- 
called  "  IMarconi "  system  is  superior.  There  are  thousands 
of  capable  amateurs  who  now  receive  signals  from  every  part 
of  the  world,  and  the  number  of  senders  would  also  be  very 
large  if  licences  could  be  obtained.  So  there  cannot  be  any 
great  difficulty  in  the  business  1 

Anti-Humbug. 

London,  Jfai/  \-2ih.  1913. 

[It  is  to  be  regretted  that  our  correspondent  was  not 
invited  to  sit  on  the  Advisory  Committee  in  the  first 
instance,  instead  of  being  obliged  to  take  the  initiative  : 
his  "  facts  "  might  have  been  useful  to  the  members.  They 
are  certainly  new  to  us. — Ens.  Ei.ec.  Rev.] 


too 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,851,  May  16,  1913. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Consalar  Xotes. — Congo.— The  British  Consul  in  the 
Congo,  in  a  recent  report,  states  that  wireless  telegraphy  had  been 
established  between  the  followinfr  places  up  to  June  30th,  1912  : — 
SUinleyville  and  Lisala,  27.'>  miles  ;  Stanleyville  and  Lowa,  132 
miles  ;  Lowa  and  Kindu,  110  miles  ;  and  Kindu  and  Kongolo,  184 
miles.  Brazzaville,  the  capital  of  French  Equatorial  Africa,  is  in 
communication  with  Lisala,  610  miles  further  up  the  Ccngo,  and 
even  with  Stanleyville,  740  miles  distant.  Kindu  and  Lowa 
stations  succeeded  in  communicating  with  Moanza  on  Lake  Victoria, 
453  miles  distant.  Atmospheric  conditions  on  the  Congo  are  not 
favourable  to  wireless  telegraphy,  the  air  being  often  highly 
charged  with  electricity,  and  the  strong  sunlight  affecting  the 
passage  of  the  ether  waves.  Stations  with  wave  lengths  under 
1,200  yards  fail  after  6  a.m.,  and  only  succeed  at  night.  Two 
stations,  Lowa  and  Kindu,  with  wave  lengths  of  1,700  yards,  how- 
ever, have  been  found  to  operate  equally  well  daring  the  day. 
It  is  proposed  to  establish  a  high-power  wireless  station  at 
Lusambo  in  the  Kasai.  which,  owing  to  its  central  position,  will  be 
able  to  communicate  with  all  the  other  Congo  wireless  posts. 
Stations  are  also  contemplated  at  Niangara  on  the  Upper  Uele 
River.  The  powerful  British  station  at  Aden,  able  to  send  messages 
2,000  miles,  will  be  able  to  communicate  with  Niangara,  and  that 
with  Stanleyville,  Brazzavillo  and  Boma,  thiis  effecting  communi- 
cation across  the  Continent.  Wireless  communication  between 
Boma  and  banana  is  steadily  maintained,  and  Banana  can  communi- 
cate with  Swakopmund.  Connection  with  Coquilhatville,  the 
terminus  of  the  up-river  land  telegraph  line  from  Boma  and 
Stanleyville,  has  not  been  satisfactorily  established  so  far  on  a 
regular  basis,  but  is  likely  to  be  soon  effected. 

Steady  progress  is  being  made  in  pushing  forward  telegraph  ser- 
vice. All  the  various  new  railways  under  construction  carry  the 
telegraph  along  as  they  proceed.  A  second  line  is  being  laid 
between  Leopoldville  and  Coquilhatville  to  facilitate  the  service. 
Elizabethville  and  the  frontier  at  Sakania  have  been  linked,  and  a 
line  is  to  be  run  from  the  former  to  the  Star  of  the  Congo  mine. 
The  Katanga  line  is  connected  with  the  telegraph  network  of 
South  Africa,  and  international  communications  are  assured  by  an 
agreement  with  Rhodesia.  On  January  ISth,  1912,  a  convention 
was  signed  with  Portugal  for  the  erection  of  a  line  between  Matadi 
and  Noqui — five  miles.  Noq^i,  a  Portuguese  Angola  port  in  the 
Congo,  is  connected  with  Loanda.  where  the  Eastern  Telegraph  Co. 
is  linked  by  cable  with  the  world  via  St.  Vincent  or  Teneriffe. 
Connection  with  Lindu  is  also  available  by  way  of  Brazzaville  and 
Pointe  Xoire,  the  rate  being  iis.  8d.  per  word  to  the  United 
Kingdom.  Telephone  services  connect  Boma,  Matadi.  Thysville, 
Kinshasa  and  Leopoldville.  Ins'.allations  connecting  these  places 
cost  £10  per  annum.  Rates  are  Is.  tjd.  to  23.  Cd.  for  five  minutes" 
conversation.  Telegraph  receipt*  rose  from  £1,6S0  in  1910, 
to  £2,129  in  1911.  The  coloty  has  adhered  to  the  International 
Telegraph  Convention  concluded  at  St.  Petersburg  on  July  10th- 
22nd,  187."),  and  to  the  Radiotelegraphic  Convention,  of  Berlin,  of 
November  3rd,  190ii,  and  was  represented  at  the  last  Conference 
held  in  London  in  June,  1912. 

Russian  Far  East.— The  British  Consul  at  Vladivostok  reports 
that  a  central  electrical  power  station  has  recently  been  opened 
there,  and  supplies  light  for  streets  and  houses,  and  power  for 
industrial  purposes.  An  electric  tram  system  4  miles  in  length  is 
now  completed. 

Paragnay.— Reporting  recently  on  the  trade  of  Paraguay,  the 
British  Consul  at  Ascencion  points  out  that  whereas  the  imports 
from  most  of  the  principal  supplying  countries  showed  an  inert  ase 
in  1911,  &i  compared  with  1910,  the  total  imports  from  the  United 
Kingdom  appear  to  have  suffered  a  relatively  heavy  decline, 
viz.,  from  £.539,115  in  1910,  to  £370,040  in  1911,  a  difference 
of  £1G9,07.T.  which  is  to  be  accounted  for  mainly  by  the  falling-off 
in  the  imports  of  railway  material.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
Oerman  imports  show  a  total  increase  of  £13.5,2.")5,  which  is  made 
up  of  food  stuffs,  textiles,  fancy  goods,  drugs,  hardware,  and 
articles  imported  free  of  duty.  The  imports  from  France  and  the 
United  States  also  show  a  relatively  large  increase.  That  British 
trade  is  not  (so  far  as  can  be  gathered  from  the  available  figures) 
on  the  increase  is,  however,  not  surprising  :  it  is,  on  the  contrary, 
somewhat  remarkable  that  it  maintains  its  present  level,  because 
in  the  whole  Republic  there  are  only  two  British  importing  firms. 
It  may  be  regarded  as  a  tribute  to  the  quality  of  British  goods 
that  they  are  largely  imported  by  foreign  houses  and  foreign  agents, 
but  at  the  same  time  the  conclusion  is  irresistible  that  the  British 
share  in  the  total  import  trade  might  be  still  larger  if  a  larger 
number  of  British  houses  were  established  in  this  country.  Many 
more  travellers  and  representatives  are  faid  to  have  been  sent 
to  Paragnay  during  the  last  year  or  two  from  other  European 
countries  such  as  Germany,  France,  Italy,  ice,  than  from  the  United 
Kingdom  ;  the  British  firms  are  also  said  not  to  give  such  easy  terms 
of  credit  as  the  foreign  ones. 

In  cases  where  goods  are  brought  from  samples,  some  Conti- 
nental firms  are  said  to  send  out  larger  assortments  (which, 
other  than  tho'e  of  textiles,  are  bought  by  the  importers, 
suijectto  a  large  discount)  than  is  customary  with  British  firms, 
thereby  fticilitating  a  selection  and  affording  a  more  precise  indica- 
tion to  the  exporter  of  the  class  of  articles  desired  in  this  market. 
These  small  points  are  mentioned  because  Continental  competition 
appears  to  be  likely  to  grow  still  keener  than  at  present.  The 
German  community  is  said  to  be  continually  increasing  its  numbers. 
They  are  oocnpied  in  trade  and  in  many  other  ways,  having 
apparently  satisfied  themselves  that  Paraguay  offers  a  good   field 


for  their  enterprise  and  activity,  in  relation  to  which  the  above 
quoted  figures  form  a  useful  commentary.  The  United  Kingdom 
imports  practically  no  products  of  Paraguay,  presumably  because 
there  are  no  British  firms  in  the  country  exporting  hides,  tobacco, 
A:c.,  like  the  German  and  Spanish  firms.  British  trade-mark 
owners  would  do  well  to  observe  that  the  Paraguayan  law  has  no 
cognisance  of  the  fact  that  a  mark  may  have  been  registered  else- 
where, and  consequently  anyone,  without  adducing  proof  that  he 
is  the  rightful  owner  or  the  owner's  representative,  may  register 
any  mark  that  has  not  already  been  registered  in  Paraguay,  and  by 
doing  so  he  acquires  the  sole  right  to  the  use  of  it.  The  importer 
of  goods  bearing  a  mark  that  is  not  registered  in  Paraguay  may 
therefore  find  it  necessary  in  his  own  interest  to  register 
the  mark. 

Dissolutions  and  Liquidations.— Thk  Adams  Ma.nu- 

KACTVRiNC  Co.,  Ltd.,  Balfour  House.  Finsbury  Pavement,  London, 
E.C.,and  Bedford. — Pursuant  to  Sec.  18>-  of  the  Companies'  (Consolida- 
tion) Act,  1908,  a  largely  attended  meeting  of  the  creditors  of  the 
above  was  held  on  the  9th  inst.,  at  Winchester  House.  Old  Broad 
Street,  E.C.  It  was  reported  that  the  shareholders  of  the  company 
had  passed  a  resolution  to  the  effect  that  it  could  not  continue  its 
business  by  reason  of  the  liabilities,  and  that  it  was  advisable  that 
the  concern  should  be  wound  up  voluntarily.  A  further  resolution 
was  passed  appointing  Mr.  Lewis  Hardy,  of  Messrs.  Hardy  and 
Moritz,  C.A..  s,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.G.,  to  act  as 
the  liquidator  of  the  company.  Mr.  Hardy  submitted  a  statement 
of  affairs  showing  the  position  as  at  April  22nd  la.st,  the  date  of  the 
resolution  for  voluntary  liquidation.  The  statement  disclosed 
ranking  liabilities  of  £30,094,  of  which  £1.5,3^2  was  due  to 
creditors  on  open  account,  and  £2,058  in  respect  of  bills  payable. 
The  bank  were  shown  as  unsecured  creditors  for  XI  1,912,  and  in 
addition  there  were  unsecured  cash  creditors  for  £742.  There  were 
also  fully  secured  creditors  for  £2,728,  who  held  as  security  a 
charge  on  the  freehold  factory  of  the  company.  The  assets  were 
returned  at  £.52,326,  from  which  had  to  be  deducted  £641  for 
preference  claims,  and  £15,731  owing  on  debentures.  The  net 
assets  were  thus  reduced  to  £35,954,  and  as  regarded  the  unsecured 
creditors  a  surplus  was  shown  of  £5,860.  The  assets  were  ae 
follows  : — Stock-in-trade  and  work  on  hand  at  estimated,  cost 
£23,000,  machinery  and  tools  as  per  books  .-t:  8,967,  trade  fixtures 
and  fittings  as  per  books  £3,403,  patents  and  patterns  as  per  books 
£2,975,  freehold  factory  £s,699,  less  mortgage  of  £2,728— £5,970, 
shares  in  public  company  C  145,  book  debts  (good)  £7,740,  doubtful 
and  bad  debts  £464,  expected  to  produce  £100,  and  cash  in  hand 
£24. 

Mr.  Hardy  reported  that  the  company  was  formed  in  1906.  At 
the  outset  it  was  purely  an  automobile  business,  but  subsequently 
an  electrical  side  was  started.  He  was  appointed  to  act  as  the 
Receiver  of  the  company  on  April  11th  last.  Eleven  days  later  the 
shareholders  passed  the  resolution  in  favour  of  voluntary  liquida- 
tion, and  with  a  view  to  saving  expense,  they  also  appointed  him  to 
act  as  the  liquidator  of  the  company.  Since  his  appointment  as 
Receiver,  he  had  been  carrying  on  the  business,  and  there  was 
plenty  of  work  in  hand.  Some  good  work  was  being  done  at  the 
factory,  and  there  were  numerous  orders  coming  to  hand.  He  was 
quite  satisfied  that  he  was  carrying  on  the  business  at  a  profit,  and 
was  doing  his  utmost  to  safeguard  the  interests  of  all  concerned. 
He  did  not  consider  it  right  that  a  Receiver  should  merely  study  the 
interests  of  the  debenture-holders,  and  he  was,  therefore,  also 
looking  after  the  interests  of  the  unsecured  creditors.  Mr.  Waller 
asked  if  any  of  the  debentures  had  been  issued  recently,  and  Mr. 
Hardy  replied  that  the  debentures  were  all  issued  more  than  two 
years  ago  No  debentures  had  been  issued  since  1911,  and  the  con- 
sideration for  their  issue  was  cash  advanced.  Mr.  Lea  inquired  if 
the  directors  of  the  company  were  also  the  debenture-holders,  and 
he  was  told  that  three  directors  of  the  concern  held  the  majority 
of  the  debentures.  Mr.  Lea  stated  that  on  the  file  of  the  company 
at  Somerset  House  was  a  copy  of  a  balance-sheet  for  1911,  which 
contained  a  very  peculiar  note  by  the  auditors.  The  note  stated 
that  property  had  been  purchased  for  £27,000  and  shares  issued, 
but  there  had  been  some  irregularity  in  the  issue  of  the  shares,  and 
for  the  purposes  of  the  balance-sheet,  neither  the  property  nor  the 
shares  were  brought  into  account. 

Mr.  Hardy  replied  that  he  knew  nothing  about  the  matter,  and 
the  solicitor  also  said  he  could  not  give  any  explanation. 

Mr.  G.  G.  Poppleton  said  that  the  stock-in-trade  and  work  in 
hand  formed  a  very  considerable  portion  of  the  assets.  He  asked 
what  was  the  value  of  the  stock,  and  how  the  value  of  the  work 
in  hand  was  arrived  at.  Mr.  Hardy  said  he  understood  that  the 
work  in  hand  was  valued  at  about  £3,000,  while  the  stock  was 
worth  about  1 20,000.  In  answer  to  Mr.  Figgins,  who  asked  what 
the  assets  were  likely  to  realise  at  a  forced  sale,  the  chairman  said 
that  the  stock  and  other  assets  had  not  been  taken  at  inflated 
prices.  At  a  forced  realisation  he  understood  that  the  whole  of  the 
assets  would  realise  from  £25,000  to  €30,000.  The  claim  of  the 
bank  amounted  to  £11,912,  and  they  held  no  direct  security  from 
the  company,  but  were  guaranteed  by  the  directors.  He  under- 
stood that  the  bank  were  fully  secured  for  the  whole  of  their 
claim.  Asked  what  the  stock  consisted  of,  he  replied  that  it  was 
a  very  varied  stock,  and  was  in  good  condition.  Some  £13,000 
represented  electrical  stock. 

Replying  to  further  questions,  the  chairman  said  that  the 
directors  had  never  received  any  fees.  The  managing  director  was 
entitled  to  a  salary  of  £1,200  a  year,  but  in  respect  of  the  last  12 
months  there  was  about  £500  due  to  him.  The  directors  were 
really  creditors  of  the  company. 

Mr.  Poppleton  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  unsecured  trade 
creditors  could  not  expect  to  receive  payment  in  full.  Capital  to 
the  extent  of  some  £64,000  had  been  issued    and  there  was  now  • 


Vol.  72.    No.  1.8B1,  Mat  10,  1913.]         THE    ELECTRICAL    llEVIEW. 


f-Cl 


FurpliiH,  HO  far  an  llio  (ToditorH  wore  ooncornfil,  of  only  £r),000.  In 
other  wordw,  nciirly  trjO.OOO  had  to  bo  aocoiiiitcrd  for  Hiiice  the 
formation  of  the  company  in  IDOIi.  Ife  afked  what  had  biM  n  the 
rest^ltH  of  the  trading;,  (jontiniiinpr,  ho  Haid  he  would  alho  like  an 
explanation  of  a  oircnlnr  which  had  brrn  ifoiud,  which  etatcd  that 
the  liquidation  and  rcceivtri-hip  did  not  diHturb  tho  buninoH,  and 
that  it  would  go  on  juHt  the  tiinic  under  tho  mnio  nianiigcnKnt. 
Did  that  mean  that  tho  trade  crcditorH  were  to  bo  paid  in  full  .' 

The  chaiinian  rcplird  that  ho  had  not  had  buflicicnt  time  to 
prepare  the  flRurcs  ncked  for,  and  at  tho  promt  mcni(nt  he  woh 
unable  to  pivo  detniJK  an  to  tho  pant  history  of  the  concern.  Tho 
opinion  was  exprepsfd  by  Mr.  Popplcton  that  the  liquidator  ought 
to  be  in  a  position  to  tell  the  crdlitors  what  happtncd  when  the 
company  was  foimcd,  and  what  its  tranFactions  had  been  since. 
He  acked  what  nRsets  were  taken  over  by  the  company,  and  the 
chairman  replied  that  he  could  not  give  the  i)articulars. 

A  creditor  expressed  tho  opinion  that  unlots  there  waS  a 
very  careful  realisation,  those  interested  would  crmc  off  badly. 
Mr.  Hardy  represented  tho  debenture-holders,  and  it  was  advisable 
that  the  creditors  should  nominate  somcoDC  to  act  as  joint 
liquidator,  who  would  represent  their  interests.  The  creditor 
suggested  that  the  Rotax  Motor  Accespories  Co.  should  be  nominated 
to  make  the  necessary  application  to  the  Court  for  the  appointment 
of  a  joint  li(iuidator  to  act  with  Mr.  Hardy. 

After  a  short  discussion  tho  re.solution  suggested  wee  carried  by 
a  large  majority,  and  the  solicitor  for  the  company  then  stated  that 
there  was  every  chance  of  the  business  being  realised  to  advantage. 
Application  might  shortly  be  made  to  tie  Court  with  reference  to 
the  disposal  of  the  business.  He  had  advis(d  the  liijuidator  not  to 
answer  certain  questions,  as  there  might  be  some  persjons  present 
who  desired  to  bid  for  the  business.  A.  Committee  of  the  principal 
creditors  was  also  elected. 

A  DAMSON,  Ramshottom  &  Co.,  Ltd. — A  meeting  of  creditors 
was  called  for  May  15th  at  6,  Castle  Street,  Liverpool ;  Liquidator, 
Mr.  B.  Cookson. 

Patent  Brake  Blocks,  Ltd. — A  meeting  is  called  for  June  10th 
at  S,  Old  Bank  Buildings,  Chester,  to  hear  an  account  of  the 
winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  W.  Conway. 

Westkrn  Electric  Co.  (Australia),  Ltd. — A  meeting  is  called 
for  Norfolk  House,  W.C,  on  June  13th,  to  hear  an  account  of  the 
winding  up  from  the  liquidator. 

OuDTSHooRN  Electric  Ltoht  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— A  meet- 
ing is  called  for  June  12th  at  7lA,  Queen  Victoria  Street, 
E.C ,  to  hear  an  account  of  the  winding  up  from  the  liquidator, 
Mr.  E.  West. 

RossKNDALE  BiCLTiNU  Co.,  Ltd. — First  meetings  of  creditors 
and  contributories  are  ealled  for  May  23rd  at  the  OfKcial  Receiver's 
Offices,  Byron  Street,  Manchester. 

Trade     Announcement.  —  Mr.   R.   15.  Bkattie,  of 

Burnley,  has  opened  a  branch  shop  at  .5,  Orchard  Road,  St.  Anne's- 
on-the-Sea,  and  he  desires  to  receive  lists  from  makers  of  heating 
and  cooking  apparatus  and  electric  light  fittings. 

France, — La  Societe  Dyiiaiiio  Phare  Eyqnem  is  the  name 
of  a  new  company  which  has  just  been  formed  at  Levallois-Perret 
(85  and  87,  Rue  Cbaptal),  with  a  capital  of  £18,000,  to  manufacture 
the  car  electric  lighting  dynamo  of  that  name. 

"  Delcoblast." — The  Davis  Electrical  Co.,  of  17, 
Moor  Street,  Charing  Cross,  London,  W.,  are  suf plying  the 
"  Delcoblast  "  frosting  process  for  lamps,  for  which  they  mske  a 
number  of  claims. 

Catalcgues  and  Lists. — The   Ei^ectrical   Co.,  Ltd., 

122-124,  Charing  Cross  Road,  London,  W.C. — Priced  leaflet  relating 
to  "Goliath"  holders  for  h.c.p.  metal  lamps,  also  a  priced  card 
relating  to  their  frosted  radiator  lamps.  Both  of  these  lines  are 
carried  in  stock. 

Mr.  O.  N.  Beck,  11,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C. — Illus- 
trated list  describing  the  "  Triplex  "  valve,  line  drawings  being 
given  to  show  several  schemes  of  connections  for  these  valves. 

Messrs.  Turners  S:  Manville,  Ltd.,  Houptoun  House,  Lloyd's 
Avenue,  London,  E.C. — Twelve-page  pamphlet  dealing  with  their 
•'  J.-M.  "  dry  batteries,  "  T.  &  M.  "  adhesive  tapes,  and  "  T.  &  M.  " 
fireproof  and  "  Niagrite  "  tapes.    Prices  are  given. 

Messrs.  Evershed  >t  Vignoles,  Ltd.,  Acton  Lane  Works, 
Chiswick,  London,  W. — Four  new  catalogues  have  just  been  issued 
in  uniform  style  containing  fully-illustrated  matter  with  tabulated 
prices,  and  connection  and  other  diagrams.  The  ground  covered  may 
be  understood  generally  from  the  following  :^ — No.  ll.S  (28  pp  )  is 
devoted  to  Murday  recorders,  and  contains  interesting  particulars 
of  new  types;  No.  117  (.'id  pp.)  deals  with  portable  electrical 
instruments,  and  gives  particulars  of  the  firm's  ammeters,  volt- 
meters and  wattmeters;  No.  118  (24  pp.)  is  devoted  to  Foster 
practical  pyrometers,  a  new  type  of  instrument,  suited  particularly 
for  engineers  ;  and  No.  120  (32  pp.)  is  the  new  edition  of  the  firm's 
catalogue  of  "  Megger  "  testing  sets. 

Me.  Chas.  E.  Miller,  Reade  Street,  New  York,  U.S.A.— Catalogue 
No.  25,  giving  illustrations  and  prices  of  a  host  of  apparatus  and 
supplies  for  motor-cars,  motor-boats  and  cycles. 

Messrs  Bruce  Peebles  &  Co.,  Ltd..  Edinburgh. — Specification 
sheet  No.  59  details  and  shows  the  Peebles  standard  turbo-alter- 
nators. The  enclosed  type,  which  is  the  standard  arrangement  of 
all  their  turbo-alternators,  excepting  the  two  smallest  sizes,  is 
shown.      A  separate  specification  sheet  details  the  exciters. 

Messrs.  Phillu-s  &  Turner,  71,  Broad  Street,  Birmingham  — 
12-page  preliminary  list  of  general  electrical  accessories — bell 
material,  lampholders,  distribution  boards,  switches,  hand  lamps,  &e. 

The  Cab  and  General  Insurance  Cortoration,  Ltd.,  1, 
Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.G.— Illustrated  (colour)  booklet, 
giying   Bome  interesting   old  pictures  ehowing  very  early  motor- 


vehioIeB  running  on  public  thoroonhfaroi.  C' pies  will  be  cent  to 
any  intercHted  reader. 

Uiutihh  Tiio.M-<o.N-Hot;MT')N  Co.,  Ltd  ,  Rugby.— Li»t  No.  2,440, 
fully  describing  and  illuntrating,  and  thowing  piic«ii  of,  their  (oar 
different  formn  of  current  trnnHformerH. 

Mkshrs.  Pah.h  .V  Si-.v.Moi  u,  Inc.,  Holvay,  New  VorV,  U.S.A. — 
Two  bulletins  effectively  dfalinK  with  their  ''Hbarlock  "  device  for 
preventing:  stealini;  of  electric  lampii,  alao  their  electrte  •dvertikinK 
signs. 

Mk.^hhs.  Isaac  Stohky  k  Honh,  Ltd.,  Emprete  Foundry,  Com- 
breck,  Manchester.  —  Twenty  •  page  fully  illuhtrated  catalcgue 
dealing  in  detail  with  Scott's  patent  air  ce,mprefsori>. 

MF.'->Bf..  WiiiTTAKtii  >V:  Co,  2,  White  Hart  Street,  EC- Gala- 
logue  of  scientific  and  technical  boekB,  ]'.ll'.i. 

Uhvni     E.xLibitiOD.— Mk.-M'>.    ('•isr    a     Co.,    T/rD., 

Faraday  Works,  Leicester,  are  exhibiting  at  Ghent  a  full  range  of 
apparatus  as  supplied  by  them  to  the  Briti^h  G.I*  O.,  ccmpriiiinu 
secret  and  C.B.  inteTphones,  the  "  Borough  ''  and  ''  Nugent  "  water 
level  indicators  and  recorders,  water  level  alarm  contacts,  .Vc. 

Bankruptcy  I'roceedinKs.— T.  A.  Fi-atiier,  electrical 

engineer,  lately  at  Park  Electrical  Works,  Leeds.- Application  for 
debtor's  discharge  to  be  heard  on  June  Dth,  at  the  Connty  Court 
House,  Leeds. 

Bkrnaiid  Muscrave,  director  of  a  limited  company,  Howick, 
near  Preston,  lately  Astley  Bridge,  near  Bolton.— Application  for 
debtor's  discharge  to  be  heard  at  Bolton  On  June  I  Ith. 

Fred.  Sua w,  electrical  contractor,  Hull.— .May  2'Jth  is  the  last 
day  for  receipt  of  proofs  for  dividend.  Trustee:  Mr.  G.II.  Achefon, 
York  City  Bank  Chambers,  Lowgate,  Hull. 

E.  J.  Cbosiek  (Crosier,  Stephens  \  Co.),  engineer  and  merchant, 
Newcastle. —  A  third  dividend  of  ild.  in  the  C  is  payable  .May  2r,lh. 
Trustee  :  Mr.  J.  A.Gardner,  145,  Pilgrim  Street,  Newcastle-on-Tjne. 

E.\hiI)iliODS — The  I'inirs  states  that  movementH  arc  on 
foot  for  holding  a  Universal  Oil  Exhibition,  at  Earl's  Court,  in 
March,  1914,  and  an  International  Exhibition  in  Manchester,  frcm 
May  to  October,  1914. 

E.M.B.  Resistances.  —  We  are  informed  that  the 
Electro-Mechanical  Brake  Co.,  Ltd..  are  doing  a  large  business 
in  their  "  E.M.B.  "  unbreakable,  jointless  and  rustless  grid  tj  pe  resist- 
ances. Orders  have  recently  been  received  for  the  Corporations  of 
Leeds,  ]Manchester,  Oldham,  Newcastle,  Leicester,  Birmingham, 
Blackpool,  L.C.C.,  West  Ham,  \i-.,  and  a  number  of  well-known 
firms  and  railways,  making  2,.-)00  resistances  of  this  type  in  use  or 
on  order. 

Book  Xotices. — The  Anglo  and  South  American  Pub- 
lishing Co.,  Ltd.,  of  London,  is  about  to  publish  an  "Encyclopedia 
of  South  America"  in  four  large  quarto  volumes,  copiously  pro- 
vided with  coloured  maps  and  other  illustrations,  under  the  general 
editorship  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Koebel.  This  will  be  followed  a  few  weeks 
later  by  a  "  South-American  Year  Book." 

"Cab  Signalling,"  summary  of  a  lecture  delivered  to  the  London 
Section  of  the  Permanent  Way  Institution  on  February  15th,  1913 
by  W.  H.  Dammond.     From  the  Author. 

E/ii/i/irrrhif/  Directory  of  Advertisers.  No.  SH.  April,  1913. 
London  :  "  Engineering,"  Ltd. 

Electric  Clocks. — We  have  received  the  following  com- 
munication from  the  Silent  Electric  Clock  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Goswell 
Road,  E.C.,  in  reply  to  the  letter  published  on  page  756  of  our  last 
issue  : — "  In  your  current  issue  we  observe  a  communication  from 
the  Magneta  Time  Co.,  in  which  exception  is  taken  to  a  paragraph 
in  your  issue  of  April  25th.  mentioning  that  electric  clocks  manu- 
factured by  the  Silent  Electric  Clock  Co.  are  being  exhibited  at 
Ghent  Exhibition  'of  the  standard  pattern  as  supplied  to  H.M. 
Post  OflBce.'  While  we  have  no  desire  to  in  any  way  belittle  the 
admirable  work  achieved  by  the  JIagneta  Time  Co.,  we  think  that 
they  overlook  the  fact  — when  giving  their  list  of  installations 
in  postal  buildings— that  their  system  was  supplied  to  the  Office  of 
Works,  who  formerly  supplied  fittings  and  furniture,  including 
clocks,  to  all  Government  buildings.  The  Magneta  Co.  are,  there- 
fore, contractors  to  the  OfHce  of  Works.  Now  we  have  supplied 
electric  clocks  to  the  Post  Office  direct.  No  doubt  the  Post  Office 
exhibit  at  the  Ghent  Exhibition  is  confined  to  those  firms  who  arc 
contractors  to  that  Department,  and  does  not  include  exhibits 
from  contractors  to  other  Departments.  We  apologise  for  troubling 
you  in  so  small  a  matter,  but  we  feel  that  we  must  protest  against 
any  (even  indirect)  suggestion  that  we  had  tried  to  appropriate 
another  firm's  prestige." 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Algeria. — An  electric  power  plant  is  being  installed  in 
connection  with  the  iron  ore  mines  at  Ronina,  belonging  to  the 
Socicte  des  Mines  de  Fer  de  Rouina  ;  it  will  comprise  two  Diesel 
engines  and  alternators,  of  a  total  of  280  u.r.,  one  set  lieing  held 
in  reserve.  The  station  will  mainly  supply  current  for  the  Mermet 
workings,  where  an  electric  crane,  capable  of  lifting  50  tons  of  ore 
per  hour,  from  a  depth  of  164  ft,  two  large  Snlzer  pumps,  and  an 
air  compressor,  are  being  installed. 


802 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,851,  May  16,  1913. 


Bang;or. — The  City  Council's  electricity  underttiking 
shows  a  loss  of  *:624  on  the  last  year's  working  ;  it  was  suggested 
that  the  price  per  unit  be  increased  by  Id. 

KasiD<r$toke. — The  T.C.  on  May  8th  instructed  the 
surveyor  to  prepare  plans  for  an  E.L.  station  to  l>e  erected  in 
Rectory  Me^^.vy. 

Birmingham. —The  City  Council  has  approved  of  the 

report  of  the  Electric  Supply  Committee,  authorising  it  to  proceed 
with  the  new  power  house  at  Nechells,  the  equipment  of  sub- 
stations, the  provision  of  underground  mains,  &c.,  (referred  to  at 
length  in  our  last  Issue),  and  instructing  the  Finance  Committee 
to  borrow  t.'tOO.OOO  in  respect  thereof. 

Brig:housr. — In  his  annual  report,  Mr.  A.  Aspinall, 
engineer  and  manager  of  the  electricity  department,  states  that  the 
revenue  account  shows  an  increase  as  compared  with  the  previous 
year,  of  i;6i;i. 

Broadwater. — The  Worthinj]^  T.C.  is  making  a  canvass 
in  order  to  ascertain  what  demand  there  is  at  Broadwater  for  elec- 
tricity, with  a  view  to  the  cables  being  extended  to  that  parish. 

Burtoii-on-Trent.  —  The  ('.as  and  Klectricity  Com- 
mittee has  decided  to  invite  members  of  the  Council  to  visit  the  gas 
and  electricity  works  on  May  ,^Oth,  on  which  occasion  the  new 
electrical  plant  will  be  brought  into  use. 

Bury  St.  JEdmunds.— The  J5.  of  G.  has  referred  to  a 
Committee  the  question  of  having  the  old  and  new  workhouse 
premises  lit  by  electricity. 

Canterbury.— The  T.C.  has  decided  to  install  at  the 
electricity  works  a  Harris-Anderson  water-softening  plant  with  a 
capacity  of  3,000  gallons,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  <300. 

Continental  Kotes. — France. — Great  progress  is  being 
made  with  the  establishment  of  the  new  central  electricity  station 
of  the  Societr  Nantaise  d'Eclairage  et  de  Force  par  I'Elfctricitc  at 
Nantes.  The  plant,  which  has  a  capacity  of  l?,ii(i(i  kw  ,  is 
expicte-^  to  be  completed  during  the  coming  Bummcr. 

Italy. — La  Societa  Lignre-Toscana  d'Elettricita,  of  Leghorn,  is 
putting  down  anew  :!,iiiiii-h.p.  steam  tjroine  and  alternator  at  its 
central  station  in  Leghorn  ;  a  new  hydro-electric  station  of 
1(1,(11111  H.P.  capacity  is  also  being  establi-hed  on  the  River  Serchio. 
A  :i(HMMi-volt  transmission  line  is  also  being  established  between 
Pescia  and  Prato  to  connect  the  company's  system  with  that  of  the 
Societa  Minera  et  Elettrica  della  Valdarno,  with  which  concern  a 
contract  for  the  supply  of  any  surplus  energy  available  at  nights 
and  on  fite  days  has  been  entered  into. 

Dudley. — At  the  T.C.  meeting  last  week,  (Councillor 
Uallard  directed  attention  to  a  statemont  which  had  been  made 
that  negotiations  in  respect  of  the  tale  of  the  electrical  under- 
taking were  being  delayed  owing  tb  some  difficulty  which  had 
arisen.  lie  asked  if  that  was  correct,  and  how  long  it  would  be 
before  the  negotiations  would  be  completed  .'  Councillor  Hughes 
said  it  was  perfectly  obvious  that  the  negotiations  were  delayed, 
or  they  would  have  been  completed.  As  to  when  they  would  be 
concluded  nobody  knew,  but  the  matter  was  a  purely  If  gal  one. 

Dundee. — The  Corporation  electricity  department  has 
Just  finished  a  most  successful  year,  having  generated  considerably 
over  10.000,000  units,  which  is  a  big  increase  over  the  previous 
year's  output. 

Easinjtton. — At  a  special  parish  meeting  last  week,  it 
was  agreed  to  adopt  the  Lighting  Act,  and  to  carry  out  a  scheme 
for  public  and  private  lighting,  the  idea  being  that  the  Easington 
Coal  Co.  will  supply  the  necessary  energy. 

Emley  (near  Wakefield).— The  U.D.C.  has  decided 

that  ihe  Yorkshire  Electric  Power  Co.  be  asked  to  reopen  negotia- 
tions for  the  lighting  up  of  the  villsge. 

Fife. — The  whole  of  the  running  staff  of  the  generating 
and  sub-stations  of  the  Fife  Electric  Power  Co.  recently  resigned 
their  positions,  owing  to  a  number  of  grievances  culminating  in 
a  demand  that  the  shift  engineers  should  work  12-hour  fhifts  (81 
hours  per  week)  at  bare  "time  "  rate  during  the  annual  holiday  period, 
there  being  no  spare  men.  The  cafe  being  put  before  a  director  of 
the  company,  he  denied  all  knowledge  of  any  dissatisfaction 
amongst  the  men,  and  promised  to  bring  the  whole  matter  before 
the  rest  of  the  director?  at  their  meeting  next  week.  He  persuaded 
the  men  to  provisionally  withdraw  their  resignations,  and  promised 
that  no  action  would  be  taken  by  the  management  or  directors  in 
the  meantime. 

llec'kmondwike. — The  annual  report  of  the  Council's 

•electricity  undertaking  shows  an  increase  during  the  year  in  units 
sold  of  l<i:i.S72,  or  12  per  cent.  Notwithstanding  the  high  price  of 
coal  during  the  strike,  the  fuel  cof>t  per  unit  waf>  only  ':Ud..  as 
compared  with  'Sfid.  in  the  previous  year.  The  cost  of  energy 
purchased  from  the  Yorkshire  Power  Co.  was  T.'id.,  as  against  ■62d. 
per  unit  from  the  Council's  own  plant.  The  total  income  increased 
by -£031,  and  the  sum  taken  to  profit  and  loss  account  increased 
from  £8.".0  to  €1,873,  and  the  balance  on  this  account  to  meet 
capital  charges  was  £10,2.58,  whilst  the  sinking  fund  balance 
stands  at  £8,161. 

Hereford. — The  T.C.  has  received  from  the  Ty.C.B. 
sanction  to  loans  of  £.500  for  mains,  j:600  for  pumping  machinery, 
and  £9.50  for  cables,  the  two  latter  toeing  in  connection  with  the 
electrical  pumping  at  the  watcr-workx. 


Hertford. — The  North  ^letropolitan  Electrical  Power 
Supply  Co.  has  applied  to  the  R.D.C.  for  consent  to  the  supply  of 
energy  within  the  district  under  the  company's  11107  Act;  the 
Council  has  deferred  its  decision  for  a  month. 

Heysliaro. — The    U.D.C.    has   given    consent  to  More- 

cambe  T.C.  supplying  current  to  premises  in  the  town  under  an 
order  to  be  obtained  from  the  K.  of  T.  The  Council  has  alt>o  atked 
Morecambe  Corporation  at  what  price  per  unit  it  will  tupply  ekc- 
tricity  for  lighting  Sandilands  Promenade. 

Honiton, — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
Electric  Supply  Co.  for  a  portion  of  the  public  lighting  at  £7  15s. 
per  150-c.i>.  lamp  per  annum. 

Hull. — The  K.I>.  Committee  is  again  submitting  to  the 
Council  its  proposal  regarding  the  fupply  of  tkctricity  to  lletslc, 
which  was  defeated  at  the  last  Council  meeting. 

Ilkley. — The  District  Council  is  considering  a  scheme  \ 
for  including  in  the  town  some  portion  of  Middleton,  a  township  ' 
across  the  river,  and  for  obtaining  powers  for  an  extended  electric 
lighting  scheme  for  Ilkley  and  district,  including  Middleton,  as 
Ilkley  already  possesses  powers  to  supply  the  latter  with  gas  and 
water.  At  a  meeting  last  week  the  District  Council  approved  a 
report  of  Mr,  Geo.  Wilkinson,  the  electrical  engineer  to  the  Harro- 
gate Corporation,  on  a  scheme  of  electric  lighting  to  cost  £18,000. 

Leeds. — At  a  meeting  of  the  City  Council  last  week, 
reference  was  made  to  a  resolution  of  the  Tramways  and  Electric 
Committee  promising  to  defer  further  conciideration  of  the  question 
of  instituting  a  scheme  of  motor  hiring,  in  order  to  give  time  for  i 
a  trial  of  the  scheme  submitted  by  Mr.  H.  S.  Ingleby.  Mr.  D.  B.  j 
Foster,  in  moving  the  rejection  of  this  resolution,  maintained  that  1 
it  was  an  attempt  to  prevent  the  development  of  direct  trading  by 
the  Corporation.  The  amendment  was  seconded  by  Mr.  G.  H. 
Pearson.  Alderman  H.  Brown,  in  opposing  the  amendment,  said 
that  whilst  they  were  all  desirous  of  extending  the  use  of  electricity 
in  the  city,  the  Corporation  meant  to  see  that  whilst  the  tradesmen 
should  have  motors,  those  tradesmen  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
the  electric  motors  could  supply  them.  Alderman  Penrose-Green 
also  opposed  the  amendment,  and  said  they  had  no  right  to  take 
away  tlie  trade  of  hard-working  electricians.  Alderman  llepton 
said  that  whilst  he  was  in  favour  of  municipal  enterprises  in 
monopolies,  he  did  not  think  it  would  be  wise  at  present  to  adopt 
the  system  of  hiring  out  motors.  Electrical  apparatus  was  being 
constantly  improved,  and  they  might  find  themselves  with  a  mass 
of  old  stock  on  hand.  The  amendment  was  defeated,  and  the  , 
minutes  approved. 

Lej  burn. — The  U.D.C.  on  ^[ay  Dtli  decided  to  consent  to 
overhead  lines  being  used  at  Leyburn  for  electricHy  supply  by  the 
local  gas  company. 

Llaufairfeelian. — At  a  meeting  of  the  U.D.C.  last  week, 

the  question  of  the  feasibility  of  lighting  Llanfairfechan  with  elec- 
tricity was  re-opened,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  go  into  the 
matter. 

London. — The  Westminster    City    Council's    contracts 

with  the  Charing  Cross  and  Metropolitan  Electric  Supply  Cos.,  and 
the  St.  .James'  and  Pall  Mall  Co  ,  for  the  supply  of  energy  to  the 
Council's  buildings,  are  tc  be  continued  for  a  further  period  of 
12  months  from  June  24th  next. 

PorL.\R.-  -At  the  meeting  of  the  B.C.  last  week,  the  Electricity 
Committee  reported  having  had  under  consideration  a  proposal  of 
the  electrical  engineer  that  an  oil  fuel  apparatus  should  be  pro- 
vided for  use  at  the  generating  station.  This  apparatus,  the  Coih- 
mittee  stated,  had  been  specially  designed  to  meet  the  demands  of 
power  stations,  for  use  over  peak  loads,  and  to  meet  any  sudden 
demands  caused  through  increased  load,  or  in  case  of  breakdown 
due  to  fan  motors  failing.  If  fitted  to  the  new  Babcock  boiler  with 
underfeed  stokers,  the  normal  evaporation  rate  of  36,000  lb.,  approxi- 
mately, could  be  increased  to  .13,000  lb.,  without  the  abnormal 
increase  in  coal  consumption  necessitated  by  forcing  the  boiler. 
The  Committee  recommended  that  this  apparatus  with  the  necessary 
tank,  pump  and  pipe  connections  be  provided  at  an  estimated  cost 
of  £133.     This  was  agreed  to. 

Ha.m.mkrsmith. — The  mains  are  to  be  extended  to  Messrs. 
Waring's  factory,  which  it  is  expected  will  be  electrically 
driven,  and  require  some  200  kw.  The  Electricity  Committee  has 
had  under  consideration  the  question  of  enforcing  penalties  for 
delay  by  Messrs.  Richardson?,  'VV'estgarth  A:  Co.  in  completing  their 
turbine  contract  of  1911.  The  Committee  felt  that  in  view  of  the  „ 
satisfactory  work  carried  out  by  the  contractors,  the  Council  might  jl 
reasonably  forgo  the  imposition  of  penaltiea.  ^ 

Manche.ster. — The  scheme  for  the  improved  lighting  of 
the  streets  has  now  ben  confirmed  by  the  City  Council  :  the  streets 
in  which  electric  lighting  will  be  installed  are  as  follows  :  Peter 
Street,  Oxford  Street  (excluding  St.  Peter's  Square),  Oxford  Road, 
Wilmslow  Road  to  Fallowfield,  Deanegate  from  (,iuay  Street,  Great 
Ducie  Street  to  Waterloo  Road,  Cross  Street,  Corporation  Street, 
Cheetham  Hill  Road  to  Queen's  Road,  Oldham  Street,  High  Street, 
Shudehill,  Withy  Grove,  Market  Street,  St.  Mary's  Gate,  Stretford 
Road.  The  total  length  of  the  streets  allocated  to  electric  lighting 
is  13,621  yards,  and  to  high-pressure  gas  lighting  is  n.-lOO  yards. 
Plans  are  now  in  course  of  preparation  with  a  view  to  an  early 
commencement  of  the  constructional  work,  which  will  be  spread 
over  a  period  of  three  years. 

The  Corporation  Gas  Committee  has  instructed  the' chairman 
and  engineer  to  visit  certain  Continental  towns  for  the  purpose  of 


Vol.  7a.    No.  1,8,11,  May  Ifi,  19i:t. 


'I'll 


KiiK(;j'iu(;Aii 


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Hoa 


iiiHpootini;  curtain  iiiHtallationH,  and  alHO  "to  makts  an  inHpcution  of 
lar)(o  gan  (tnnino  plantH  in  view  of  the  likelihood  of  an  eztonHivo 
UHO  of  \in,H  for  thu  (foiuiration  of  olcctrioity," 

IWMlilU'ton.-=-T.h(!  w(irkiiit(  of  the  electricity  undertaking 
of  the  Corporation  for  the  past  year  hsH  resulted  in  a  Iohb  of  about 

C  1,800. 

Morley. — The  electricity  uiidertakiii}^  made  u  {^roBH  ])rofit 
of  Cl,r):i8  during  the  pawt  year,  and  after  nicotinp  financial 
ohartres  there  was  a  deficit  for  the  year  of  i;  IIO,  uh  compared  with 
laHt  year'H  deficit  of  iJTHS. 

An  exhibition  of  cookery  by  electricity  is  to  be  held  during  the 
week  oonimencinp:  June  2nd,  by  MeuHrp.  Gillcfpie  and  BoalcH,  the 
T.(!.  Hui)plyinK  current  for  the  period. 

Oldliaill.^ — Arnuif^enicnts  have  been  made  l)et\vcen  tlie 
Electricity  Committee  and  the  Roy  ton  IJ.D.C.  in  rcpfard  to  a  Hupply 
of  electricity  to  Royton.  Should  the  I'.D.C.  obtain  at  ita  own 
expense  a  prov.  order  for  the  supply  of  electricity  within  its 
district,  the  Committee  would  be  prepared  to  take  a  transfer  of  such 
order  upon  terms  and  conditions  to  be  arranged  and  pive  a  supply 
upon  the  same  terms  and  conditions  as  electricity  is  supplied  in  the 
borouph  of  Oldham. 

The  Electricity  Committee  reports  a  profit  of  £1,043  on  the  past 
year's  working:  ajjfainst  Udtit  last  year. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Electricity  Committee  last  week,  it  was 
reported  by  Mr.  N'ewington  (Electrical  Engineer)  that  during  the 
past  year  there  had  been  an  increaeo  in  the  units  sold  of  about 
10  per  cent,  for  lighting  and  -17  per  cent,  for  power.  There  were 
6, 163,4 IG  units  sold,  against  .5,!i',(2,17ii  in  the  previous  year. 

Oulton  Broad. — The  I'.D.C.  has  asked  the  Electricity 
Co.  on  what  terms  it  would  be  prepared  to  undertake  street 
lighting  for  a  year  from  September  2i)th  next. 

Pcnmaeniiiawr. — The  I'.D.C.  has  decided  to  write 
asking  the  North  Wales  Electric  Power  Co.  whether  it  is 
willing  to  provide  a  supply  of  electricity  for  public  purposes 
in  the  district. 

Pontefract. — Tlie  Yorkshire  (West  1\Mding)  Electric 
Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  applied  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  permission  to 
erect  overhead  lines  at  Pontefract  for  the  transmission  of  energy  at 
a  pressure  of  10,000  volts  for  the  purpose  of  supply  under  the 
Electric  Light  Orders  of   1907  and  19 1  l'. 

Preston     (near    Stochton-on-Tees). — The    P.C.    is 

negotiating  with  the  Cleveland  and  Durham  Electric  Power  Co.  for 
the  lighting  of  the  parish  by  electricity.  The  company  has 
made  a  survey  of  the  district,  and  if  sufficient  private  consumers 
are  secured,  the  scheme  will  be  carried  out. 

Kedditcb. — The  question  of  the  financial  position  of  the 
electricity  undertaking  came  up  for  discussion  at  the  Council  meet- 
ing last  week,  when  it  was  decided  to  appoint  a  new  works  manager 
at  £300  per  annum. 

Rotherhani. — The  electrical  engineer  (Mr.  E.  Cross)  in 
his  report  upon  the  undertaking  for  the  12  months  ended  March 
3 1  st  last,  draws  attention  to  the  remarkable  reduction  in  the  cost 
of  operation,  as  against  any  figure  that  had  hitherto  obtained, 
particularly  when  the  high  cost  of  fuel  and  the  increased  cost  of 
materials  generally  are  taken  into  consideration.  The  cost  of 
generation,  "54  Id.  per  unit,  he  considers  as  distinctly  good  when 
compared  with  the  results  obtained  by  towns  of  a  similar  character 
to  Rotherham.  The  reduction  in  costs  is  due  to  the  increasing 
power  load,  and  the  adoption  of  turbine  machinery  instead  of 
continuing  with  reciprocating  plant.  The  increase  in  the  units 
•sold  was  as  follows: — Trariiway  department — (a)  1912,  1,414,449; 
(J)  1913,  11,568,247  ;  (r)  per  cent,  increase,  10'87.  Power — 
(a)  1,118,912  ;  (A)  1,596,142  ;  (c)  42-6.->.  Lighting— (a)  370,292  ; 
(ft)  451,198;  (<•)  21"85.  The  total  receipts  obtained  amounted 
to  £21,823,  as  against  £18, 8(50  in  1911-12,  but  the  average 
price  per  unit  sold  had  decreased  from  r558d.  to  r448d. 
Notwithstanding  the  latter,  the  net  profit  carried  to  appropria- 
tion account  increased  from  £3,376  last  year,  to  1:5,179, 
which  represents  a  percentage  of  6'47  per  cent,  on  the 
total  capital  expenditure  to  date  of  £79,921.  The  accumulated 
renewals  fund  at  March,  1912,  stood  at  X  12,737,  representing 
18  per  cent,  on  the  capital  expenditure  for  that  year. 

Rhondda. — A  L.G.B.  inquiry  was  held  on  the  7th  inst. 
into  the  application  of  the  Council  to  borrow  £23,400  for  the  elec- 
trical undertaking  and  £38,500  for  a  refuse  destructor.  The  pro- 
posed expenditure  was  opposed  by  the  local  colliery  and  railway 
interests.  An  agreement  has  been  entered  into  by  which  the  energy 
produced  by  the  destructor  plant  between  6  a.m.  and  3  p.m.  will  be 
sold  to  the  local  power  company,  who  will  resell  electricity  to 
meet  the  Councils  requirements  between  3  p.m.  and  6  a.m. 

Salford, — One  of  the  members  of  the  T.C.  has  given 
notice  of  a  resolution  asking  for  the  appointment  of  a  committee 
to  make  inquiries  as  to  the  general  lighting  of  the  borough. 

St.  Helens.— The  T.C.  has  applied  to  the  B.  of  T,  for 
an  order  to  supply  current  to  Messrs.  W.  Neile  &  Sons'  ironworks 
at  St.  Helens  Junction,  which  is  outside  the  borough,  and  for  per- 
mission to  give  the  supply  by  overhead  lines. 

St.  Margarets.— The  Dover  T.C.  has  decided  not  to 
proceed  at  present  with  the  proposed  extension  of  overhead  mains 
to  St.  Margarets,  a  village  some  five  miles  from  the  town.  The 
estimated  cost  of  the  extension  is  £1,500. 


SlH>fli«-ld.  —  The      ExtenHions,     Workg    and     Htationu 

(Klectricity)  Siili  Comniilt«;e  of  the  (-'orixtration  h«H  junt  imtuc<l 
a  report  iijxm  the  method  which  Hhoulil  \n-  n/lopt^rj  u>  carry 
out  the  powers  given  the  Corp<<ration  under  it*  Act  of  KM'J. 
Bo  far  aH  the  pain  of  ohctrical  fittingH  throuch  a  contractor 
carrying  on  his  buhineNH  independently  of  the  CoriKiratioii 
is  concerned,  the  report  HtatoB  that  a  conference  wb«  held 
l)etweon  local  (electrical  contractors  and  the  Kub-Coniiiiitte*:  when, 
after  a  deal  of  discuHHion,  the  deputation  cxprcMMfd  the  opinion  that 
a  scheme  based  upon  the  lines  of  the  Hristol  scheme  miirht  lie 
acceptable  to  the  contractors.  Acordingly,  it  scheme  on  them; 
lines  was  prepared  and  submitted  for  consideration  bj  a  mf-eting  of 
the  contractr>rs  who,  in  a  letter  to  the  teiwn  clerk,  stattxl  that  from 
evidence  taken,  the  Uristol  traders  were  unanimous  in  their  con- 
demnation of  the  scheme  which  was  only  in  operation  by  the  go'jd- 
will  of  the  (Corporation,  and  the  opinion  wa«  expresHcd  in  the  letter 
that  it  was  not  possible  to  frame  a  scheme  which  would  not  con- 
travene the  judgment  the  local  traders  had  obtained  by  the  (.'hancery 
action  of  February  last,  and  the  subseiiuent  provisions  agreed  in 
the  1912  Bill,  and  upon  which  action  and  Bill  they  had  been  com- 
pelled to  expend  so  much  time  and  expense.  Continuing,  the  letter 
stated  that  in  the  opinion  of  the  traders,  the  only  practical  and 
impartial  interpretation  of  the  Act  is  (1)  If  the  Corporation  desires, 
it  has  the  right  to  keep  a  showroom  for  exhibits  only,  but  not 
in  any  way  to  use  it  for  trading,  either  directly  or  indirectly  ; 
and  (2)  a  printed  list  of  all  contractors  should  be  kept  or  delivered 
occasionally  with  bills  for  current,  or  in  any  other  method 
it  thinks  desirable  to  extend  the  business,  and  in  which  it  will 
have  the  full  co-operation  of  all  electrical  contractors.  In  con- 
clusion, it  was  stated  that  the  contractors  having  given  ample  time 
for  the  consideration  of  the  above  matters  are  not  now  agreeable  to 
any  continuation  of  Corporation  trading  by  the  electrical  supply 
department  in  any  form  other  than  allowed  by  the  1 '.103  and  1912 
Bills,  and  the  judgment  obtained.  Having  considered  this  letter, 
the  Sub-Committee  states  that  it  is  still  considering  the  way  in 
which  to  carry  on  the  work  of  the  department,  and  will  shortly 
submit  a  recommendation  dealing  therewith. 

Stockport.— The  T.C.  has  rejected  a  claim  for  £lt;:^ 
made  for  damage  done  by  fire,  by  a  local  firm,  on  the  ground  that 
the  conflagration  was  caused  by  the  fusing  of  cables  placed  through 
the  premises  affected  without  any  earthing.  The  Council  denies 
liability  for  the  fire. 

Swansea. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Tramways  and  IIAj. 
Committee.  Mr.  Alex.  Sinclair,  the  chairman,  said  the  net  profit  of 
the  undertaking  for  the  past  financial  year  was  about  i;2,000,  as 
against  £3,600  for  the  previous  year.  The  revenue  had  increased 
satisfactorily,  but  the  financial  results  were  lower  by  reason  of  the 
coal  strike,  the  higher  price  of  fuel,  advances  in  wages,  increa-sed 
interest  and  sinking-fund  charges,  and  reductions  in  prices  to  con- 
sumers, who  had  been  allowed  a  rebate  of  2^  per  cent,  all  round. 
He  thought  the  net  result  most  satisfactory,  in  the  circumstances. 
The  question  of  lighting  the  new  Swansea  Asylum  with  electricity 
was  raised,  and  it  was  suggested  that,  if  this  were  done,  the  whole 
of  the  Sketty  area  might  be  taken  into  consideration.  For  such 
purpose,  the  consent  of  the  outlying,  authorities  would  have  to  be 
obtained.  The  town  clerk  was  asked  to  report  on  this  aspect  of 
the  matter.  Arising  from  a  request  from  the  Housing  Committee, 
the  electrical  engineer,  Mr.Pruss mann,  reported  on  the  lighting  of  the 
300  workman's  dwellings  the  Corporation  proposes  to  erect  on  Town 
HUl.  He  suggested  that  six  lights  be  installed  in  each  of  the  smaller 
houses,  for  which  a  sum  of  Is.  2d.  should  be  added  to  the  weekly 
rent,  this  amount  to  include  installation,  the  supply  of  electrical 
energy,  and  the  supply  of  one  metallic-filament  lamp  per  annum  ; 
the  six  lamps  to  average  not  more  than  32  c.p.  per  lamp.  The 
chairman  strongly  recommended  the  adoption  of  the  proposal,  which 
would  be  the  first  of  its  kind  in  Swansea,  and  it  was  agreed  to. 

Swinton. — The  electrical  engineer  has  submitted  an 
estimate  of  the  cost  of  electrically  lighting  Cromwell  Koad  and 
Warwick  Street,  and  the  matter  has  been  referred  to  a  Sub-com- 
mittee of  the  Council. 

Tor(|uay. — The  electrical  engineer  has  prepared  a  model 
showing  the  proposed  scheme  of  illumination  of  the  Winter  (4ardens. 
Prices  are  to  be  obtained  from  firms  for  carrying  it  into  effect. 

Tunbridge  Wells. — Application  is  to  be  made  to  the 
L.G.B.  for  sanci;ion  to  the  borrowing  of  £3,100  for  the  purpose  of 
mains,  sub-station  pillars,  transformers  and  house  services. 
Notice  has  been  given  the  Tunbridge  Wells  Gas  Co.  of  the  Council's 
intention  to  convert  a  further  50  gas  lamps  for  electric  lighting 
in  the  streets  in  which  cables  are  already  laid. 

Waketield. — The  city  electrical  engineer,  having  reiwrted 
that  the  question  of  extension  of  plant  and  mains,  to  ensure  con- 
tinuity of  supply  next  winter,  should  be  taken  into  consideration, 
the  matter  is  to  be  dealt  with  at  a  special  meeting  of  the  Electricity 
Committee. 

Mai  sail. — The  Electric  Lighting  Committee  has  re- 
ceived a  protest  from  the  Local  Tradesmen's  Association  against  the 
increase  in  the  charge  for  electricity  for  lighting  purposes  from  4d. 
to  5d.  per  unit. 

West  Hartlepool. — At  last  week's  T.C.  meeting  it  was 
reported  that  the  new  generating  station  would  be  in  working 
order  by  the  next  meeting  of  the  Council. 

Wimbledon. — The  Council  has  offered  to  supply  energy 
for  power  purposes,  at  Ihd.  per  unit,  to  the  site  of  the  L.  &  S.  W. 
Rly.  Co.'s  new  railway  power  house  off  Durnsford  Roa<i,  for  the 
use  of  the  contractors,  i:c. 


804 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEWo 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,851,  May  16,  1913. 


Worksop. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  U.D.C.,  the  clerk 
reported  upon  the  financial  position  of  the  Conncil.  With  regard 
to  electric  lighting,  it  was  explained  that  the  total  income  (includ- 
ing £1,226  charf^ed  for  street  lighting)  was  £6,271.  The  expendi- 
ture on  the  revenue  account  was  £3,16,5,  and  after  allowing  £4' "i 
for  machinery,  £ltiii  for  reserve  stock  of  coal,  and  £2,382  for  re- 
payment of  loan  and  interest,  the  net  profit  was  £1311.  Surprise 
and  r''(rret  was  expressed  at  the  small  profit,  and  considerable  dis- 
cupsion  took  place.  Several  members  urged  that  in  future  the 
enerery  supplied  for  public  lighting  should  be  charged  for  by  meter, 
and  not  at  a  fixed  charge  of  £  15  per  annum  per  arc  lamp,  and  £3 
per  incandescent  lamp.  The  chairman  having  pointed  out  that 
there  were  abnormal  items  of  expenditure  during  the  year,  the 
matter  was  referred  to  the  Committee,  together  with  a  proposal  to 
substitute  underground  cables  in  certain  streets  instead  of  overhead 
wires. 

Wrexbam. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  supply  electricity 

for  three  months  for  a  showroom,  and  to  provide  a  youth  to  assist 
therein,  to  a  firm  who  have  offered  to  open  a  showroom  for  electrical 
devices  and  to  canvass  for  electric  wiring  and  fittings  ;  the  firm 
desired  the  Corporation  also  to  pay  the  rent  of  the  showroom,  but 
the  Council  declined  to  do  this. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Aberdeen. — The  Corporation's  first  week's  experience  of 
pay-as-you-enter  cars  on  the  Woodside  route  has  been  entirely  satis- 
factory. Compared  with  the  corresponding  week  in  1912,  when 
ordinary  cars  were  in  service,  there  was  an  increase  of  over  £57  in 
the  receipts,  of  11,275  in  the  number  of  passengers  carried,  and  of 
403'-t  in  the  number  of  miles  covered. 

Aldersbot  and  Farnborongb. — The  Light  Railways  Co. 

has  applied  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  an  extension  of  time  until  June  -Ith, 
1914,  for  commencing  and  completing  the  works  under  the  1909 
order. 

Birmingbam. — The  receipts  from  the  working  of  the 
Corporation  tramways  during  the  year  ended  March  31st  last 
amount  to  £574,248,  an  increase  of  £140,200  over  the  previous 
year.  Against  the  total  income  for  the  12  months  (£581,566) 
there  is  an  expenditure  of  £370,178,  which  works  out  at  an  average 
of  6'764d.  per  car-mile,  as  against  6i»07d.  in  1912.  Of  this  total, 
£H)0.277  or2"929d.  per  car-mile  went  towards  traffic,  and  £100,725 
or  r840d.  to  power  expenses.  According  to  the  report  of  the 
Tramways  Committee,  there  is  a  net  profit  of  £101,352,  after  meet- 
ing interest  and  sinking-fund  charges  and  charging  the  expenses 
of  promoting  the  Birmingham  Corporation  Bill,  1912.  and  the 
Halesowen  Light  Railway  order,  amounting  to  £5,896.  From  this 
Bum  the  Committee  proposes  to  place  £45,000  to  reserve  fund, 
which  will  then  amount  to  £220,368,  and  to  transfer  the  surplus 
of  £56,352  to  the  borough  fund.  Referring  to  thelreceipte,  the 
Committee  attributes  the  large  increase  partly  to  the  receipts  from 
new  tramways,  and  partly  to  the  fact  that  the  receipts  for  a  full 
12  months'  working  on  the  Bristol  Road,  Pershore  Road,  and  Hands- 
worth  lines  have  been  brought  into  account,  as  against  only  nine 
months  the  previous  year.  As  regards  rolling  stock,  the  Com- 
mittee states  that  in  connection  with  the  new  tramways  authorised 
by  the  Birmingham  Corporation  Act,  1912,  now  in  course  of  con- 
struction in  the  Hagley  Road,  and  the  tramways  about  to  be  con- 
structed in  the  Warwick  Road,  and  Stratford  Road  (from  College 
Road  to  Hall  Green),  it  is  necessary  to  purchase  40  new  tramcars, 
and  in  order  to  augment  the  existing  tramway  services  it  recom- 
mends that  75  new  cars  be  purchased  at  a  cost  of  £83,000,  including 
spare  electrical  equipment  and  incidentals.  The  iiuestion  of 
constructing  tramways  from  the  Selly  Oak  tramway  terminus 
through  .N'orthfield  to  the  city  boundary  at  Longbridge  has  also 
been  under  the  consideration  of  the  Committee,  which  is 
actively  engaged  in  preparing  a  scheme  for  this  purpose,  which  it 
hopes  will  be  ready  for  submission  to  Parliament  next  year.  The 
Council  already  possesses  power  to  provide  a  service  of  omnibuses 
in  prolongation  of  any  tramway  route  in  the  city,  the  extension  of 
which  is  contemplated  by  the  Corporation.  The  Committee 
expresses  the  opinion  that  it  is  desirable  that  in  accordance  with 
this  section,  a  service  of  omnibuses  should  be  immediately  insti- 
tuted, and  recommends  the  purchase  of  10  suitable  'buses  for  this 
purpose  at  a  cost  not  exceeding  £10,000,  to  include  spare  parts  and 
other  equipment. 

Black  Country. — Towards  the  close  of  last  week  there 
was  grave  danger  of  the  employes  on  the  South  Staffordshire  and 
East  Worcestershire  Tramways  coming  out  on  strike,  in  which 
event  the  whole  Whitsuntide  traffic  would  have  been  dislocated,  but 
happily,  wiser  counsels  prevailed.  A  short  time  ago  a  memorial 
on  behalf  of  the  men,  claiming  increased  wages  for  all  grades  and 
better  conditions  of  employment,  was  presented  to  the  British 
Electric  Traction  Co..  and  subsequently  representatives  of  the  men 
interviewed  the  leading  officials  of  the  company,  who  promised  a 
definite  reply  within  10  days.  The  notice  of  the  men  expired  on 
Friday  in  last  week,  on  which  day  a  letter  was  received  from  the 
company  intimating  that  their  decision  had  been  postponed  until 
this  week.    This  aroused  considerable  indignation  amongst  the  men, 


who,  at  first,  seemed  determined  to  strike,  but  eventually  decided  to 
take  no  drastic  action  until  the  receipt  of  the  company's  decision.  If, 
however,  that  should  not  prove  conciliatory,  the  temper  of  the  men  is 
such  that  the  tramway  services  in  the  Black  Country  may  be 
peremptorily  suspended, 

Bolton. — At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C.  on  May  7th,  it  was 
suggested  that  the  amount  of  £13,500,  which  was  being  allocated 
from  tramway  profits  in  relief  of  rates,  was  excessive,  and  that 
£10,000  was  ample.  Aid.  Miles  said  if  he  told  them  what  the 
Committee  could  have  given  to  the  relief  of  rates  they  would  be 
surprised.  The  rates  had  a  perfect  right  to  the  money  allocated. 
The  minutes  of  the  Tramways  Committee  which  had  relation 
to  the  allocation  of  .£13,500  were  then  approved. 

Bournemoutb. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Council,  the 
general  manager  of  the  Corporation  Tramways  (Mr.  Bulfin)  pre- 
sented his  annual  report  for  the  financial  year  ending  March  31st, 
1913.  The  total  receipts  and  revenue  for  the  year  amounted  to 
£96,720,  being  an  increase  of  £4,323  on  last  year's  result,  which  up 
to  this  date  was  a  record,  the  receipts  per  car-mile  being  12  33d.,  in 
place  of  12'022d.  in  the  previous  year.  The  working  expenses,  ex- 
clusive of  capital,  amounted  to  £52,640,  being  a  decrease  on  last 
year's  expenses  of  some  £2,190,  and,  having  regard  to  mileage  run, 
established  a  record  for  the  system,  the  percentage  of  working 
expenses  to  receipte  working  out  at  54'83  per  cent,  as  against  59'83 
per  cent,  in  the  previous  year,  and  the  working  expenses  per  car- 
mile  were  reduced  from  7'13d.  to  6'71d.  The  large  advance  in 
receipts  was  mainly  due  to  the  alteration  of  the  services  on  the 
side  routes,  the  revenue  being  increased  by  some  £900  at  a  reduced 
car-mileage  of  over  4,000  ;  the  adoption  of  the  bonus  scheme  for 
the  best  takings  on  all  routes,  which  made  the  staff  more  keenly 
alive  to  intending  passengers,  and  the  advantage  of  two  Easters 
occurring  in  the  one  financial  year.  The  working  expenses  showed 
a  decrease  under  each  of  the  separate  headings  with  the  exception 
of  power,  a  slight  increase  here  being  due  to  the  higher  price  of 
coal.  The  total  sum  spent  in  renewals  was  £2,470.  The  capital 
and  loan  charges  for  the  year  amounted  to  £34,000,  making  the 
total  costs  £86,640,  and  leaving  a  net  balance  of  some  £10,080  to 
be  carried  to  the  renewals  fund.  As  regarded  the  coming  financial 
year,  the  general  manager  pointed  out  that  the  reduction  of  hours 
to  the  traffic  staff  and  the  increase  in  wages  granted  to  the  other 
employes  meant  an  extra  cost  of  some  £1,600  a  year  ;  the  increased 
cost  of  coal  and  materials  an  additional  £1,000:  no  Easter 
occurring  in  the  coming  year  meant  a  loss  in  receipts  of  some 
£1,500,  making  a  total  extra  charge  to  the  undertaking  of  £4,00o 
It  was  hoped  the  revenue  from  Sunday  cars,  advertisements  in  cars, 
and  charges  on  parcels  might  make  good  this  extra  amount,  but,  in 
order  to  maintain  the  undertaking  in  its  present  financial  position, 
it  was  absolutely  necessary  that  no  further  concessions  of  any  kind 
should  be  granted. 

Bnrnley. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  made  a 
recommendation  that  the  centre  poles  on  the  local  tramway  system 
be  removed,  and  replaced  by  side  poles,  with  wire  suspensions,  at  an 
estimated  cost  of  £77.'). 

A  Sub-committee  of  the  Tramways  Committee  is  to  meet  a 
deputation  from  the  Rawtenstall  Tramways  Committee  to  con- 
sider the  question  of  establishing  better  communication  between 
Burnley  and  Rawtenstall. 

Bury. — The  report  of  the  general  manager  of  the  tram- 
ways states,  in  addition  to  the  information  given  last  week,  that  in 
order  to  provide  the  extra  number  of  cars  required  at  the  week 
ends,  and,  if  possible,  to  avoid  the  use  during  inclement  weather  of 
cars  which  are  not  fitted  with  top-deck  covers,  it  has  been  decided 
to  purchase  four  additional  56-passenger  double-deck  single-truck 
cars,  fitted  with  top  covers,  similar  to  those  already  in  use,  with 
the  exception  that  the  staircase  and  platform  have  been  re-designed, 
so  as  to  allow  the  ends  to  be  covered  in  for  the  better  protection  of 
the  motormen,  in  case  the  Corporation  eventually  decides  that  this 
is  to  be  done. 

Continental  Xotes. — Fhaxck. — The  light  railway  system 
in  the  Valenciennes  district  belonging  to  the  Sociotc  Economiqne  du 
Nord  is  about  to  be  electrified,  anil  at  the  same  time  greatly  extended  ; 
at  the  present  time  the  line  is  mainly  a  single  one,  which  is  the  cause 
of  much  delayed  traffic.  Under  the  new  scheme  a  double  line  is  to  be 
constructed  and  all  level  crossings  suppressed.  The  necessary 
electrical  energy  for  the  line  will  be  supplied  from  a  new  power 
station  which  is  being  established  near  Valenciennes  by  the  Societe 
d'Electricito  de  Valenciennes-Anzin. 

Germany. — A  new  company  has  just  been  formed  in  Berlin 
with  a  capital  of  £5,000  and  the  title  Die  Automobil  Droschken- 
Gesellschaft  "Elektric"  to  start  a  new  service  of  electric  taxicabs 
in  the  German  capital. 

Ru.ssiA. — The  horse  tramways  in  the  town  of  Tasikent  have 
now  all  been  converted  to  electric  traction,  the  last  horse  having 
just  been  taken  off  the  service.  There  are  at  present  9J  miles  of 
line  in  operation,  and  10  miles  more  have  yet  to  be  built.  The 
company  has  applied  to  the  municipal  authorities  for  a  concession 
for  the  supply  of  electrical  energy  for  public  and  private  lighting 
and  power  purposes  in  the  town. 

Spain. — La  Socictt'  des  Tramways  de  Barcelona  has  entered  into  a 
contract  with  the Compagnie Barcelonise d'Electricito  for  the  supply 
of  all  the  energy  for  its  different  tramway  lines  in  Barcelona  as 
from  January  1st,  1914.  The  necessary  electrical  energy  will  be 
supplied  from  the  large  hydro-electric  power  stations  which  the  last- 
named  company  is  establishing  in  the  Upper  Pyrenees. 


Vol,  72,  No.  i.sni,  Mat  16,  1913.]         THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


806 


BwiTKBHLAND.'-PlanB  havfl  been  prepured  in  renpeot  of  a 
proposed  narrow-Kivu(fo  olootrio  railway  between  Arr.ier  and  Kt. 
Oertfuo,  and  lo  La  Cure  and  More/,,  The  line  would  bo  about 
35  miloM  lontf,  about  8  milcB  of  which  would  hv  in  Kronoh  torritory. 

Nduway.  -Work  in  well  in  hand  on  the  conver»ion  of  the  railway 
between  Christianiu  and  Drammon,  a  dintance  of  about  Xi  miluH, 
from  3  ft.  (■)  in.  to  the  htaiidard  K'a"Ke,  'i"<l  ^'"0  to  electric 
traction.  As  far  aB  Sandvikon,  .'^l  mikw,  a  double  line  will  be  loid. 
The  question  whether  the  necessary  ener(?y  Bhall  be  taken  from 
privately-owned  companies,  or  whether  the  Government  will 
establish  its  own  power  station,  has  not  yet  been  decided.  As 
reifards  the  rolling'  stock,  1 7  electric  locomotives  of  from  320  to 
800  H.I'.,  and  II  combined  locomotives  and  carriapes  of  :!00  H.i'., 
have  been  ordered.  The  latter  are  intended  for  use  with  a  trailer 
on  the  Christiania-Asker  section  of  the  line,  which  has  a  length  of 
about  14  miles. 

SWKDEN. — Good  progress  is  beinp  made  with  the  electrification 
of  the  railway  between  Kiiruna  and  the  Norwegian  frontier.  The 
construction  of  the  transformer  stations  is  now  proceeding,  and 
it  is  expected  that  the  line  will  be  ready  for  operation  before  the 
close  of  the  present  year. 

DoDcaster. — The  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee 
has  considered  the  doubling  of  the  tramway  track  in  the  Market 
Place,  and  also,  as  an  alternative,  the  laying  of  a  new  track  along 
Silver  Street,  in  order  to  link  up  the  lines  in  Sunny  Bar  and  High 
Street,  but  after  a  resolution  and  an  amendment,  both  of  which 
were  lost,  it  was  eventually  decided  to  recommend  nothing  being 
done  in  regard  to  either  proposal  before  the  July  meeting  of  the 
T.C. 

Danferiuline. — What  was  described  as  an  indignation 
meeting  was  held  last  week  to  consider  the  failure  of  the  Dunferm- 
line and  District  Tramway  Co.  to  extend  its  tramway  system  to  the 
western  boundary  of  the  burgh.  A  resolution  was  adopted  urging 
the  T.C.  to  offer  strenuous  opposition  to  any  application  for  addi- 
tional powers  within  the  burgh  which  the  company  may  make. 

Edinburgh. — The  Colinton  Tramways  Co.  has  unani- 
mously approved  of  the  terms  of  a  draft  prov.  order  for  an  extension 
to  Fonntainbridge,  Edinburgh. 

Greetland  (near  Halifax). — The  U.D.C.  has  resolved 

that  the  scheme  for  the  running  of  the  tramways  from  EUand  to 
West  Vale  ria  Long  Wall  be  further  considered  in  committee. 

Hej'WOOd. — For  the  year  ending  March  31st,  11)13,  there 
is  a  loss  on  the  tramway  undertaking  of  £809.  The  profit  and 
loss  account  shows  a  debit  balance  of  £2,086.  The  Finance  Com- 
mittee has  been  recommended  to  apply  a  sum  equivalent  to  a  rate 
of  2d.  in  the  £  towards  the  tramway  deficiency,  and  the  balance, 
amounting  to  £1,058,  is  to  be  carried  forward  to  next  year's 
working  account. 

Huddersfield. — The  suggested  extension  of  the  Hudders- 
field  tramways  from  Birchenolifife  to  West  Vale,  EUand,  is  likely 
to  come  to  a  successful  fruition,  as  it  is  now  thought  that  all 
financial  and  other  difficulties  with  the  Elland  Council  have  been 
got  over  ;  in  fact,  some  of  the  members  of  the  Elland  Council  are 
to  go  to  London  to  give  evidence  in  favour  of  the  Huddersfield 
Corporation's  Parliamentary  Bill. 

L,  &  Y.  Railway  Electrification. — Last  week  the  heads 

of  several  of  the  departments  of  the  Lancashire  and  Yorkshire 
Railway  visited  Bury  to  inspect  the  newly-erected  equipment  for  the 
electrification  of  the  line  from  Bury  to  Holcombe  Brook.  It  is 
understood  that  the  electrically-driven  trains  are  expected  to  be  in 
use  in  two  months'  time. 

Leeds. — A  resolution  was  submitted  at  the  last  City 
Council  meeting  to  put  into  operation  id.  fares  on  all  the  Corpora- 
tion tramway  routes.  Half-penny  fares  are  in  use  on  some  routes, 
and  as  the  question  of  fares  is  to  be  reconsidered,  the  matter  was 
not  pressed. 

London  Tramways  Assessment. — With  reference  to 

the  circular  notice  issued  by  the  L.C.C.,  asking  the  various  Borough 
Councils  to  reduce  the  assessment  on  the  County  Council's  tram- 
ways in  their  respective  boroughs  on  the  ground  "that  the  here- 
ditament had  been  reduced  in  value  in  consequence  of  the  falling- 
off  of  the  receipts  from  the  tramway  undertaking  due  (among 
other  things)  to  competition  from  motor-omnibuses."  Camberwell 
B.C.  has  decided  to  insert  the  assessment  of  the  lines  in  the 
borough  in  the  June  Provisional  Valuation  List,  at  a  nominal  reduc- 
tion of  £1  rateable  value. 

Slaiichester. — Consideration  has  recently  been  given  to 
the  question  of  the  price  to  be  charged  for  electrical  energy  sup- 
plied for  tramway  purposes,  and  a  scale  has  bef  n  approved  by  the 
Electricity  Committee  and  Tramways  Committee  respectively. 
Under  this  scale  tha  charge  to  be  made  by  the  Electricity  Com- 
mittee to  the  Tramways  Committee  for  energy  supplied  for  traction 
];,urposeB,  and  also  for  lighting  and  power  purpos'^s  at  the  ca.-sheds 
aad  car  works,  will  be  st  the  rate  of  id.  per  unit,  b'ssed  upon  the 
price  of  coal  at  lis.  per  ton  ;  the  charge  for  energy  will,  however, 
be  increased  or  decreased  at  the  rate  of  ■(t2d.  per  unit  in 
respect  of  each  Is.  per  ton  increase  or  deoreae.  The  charge 
mentioned  will  apply  s^  lorg  as  the  consumption  for  traction 
does  not  exceed  r>o,O(iu,0(i(i  units  per  annum.  If  and  when  that  is 
exceeded  the  supplies  for  all  purposes,  over  and  above  8o,(1(K),iiiki 
units,  will  be  charged  for  at  the  prevailing  rate  which  the 
N  electricity  department  charges  to  large  industrial  power  users 
under  similar  conditions  of  supply.  The  arrangement  is  to  be  in 
force  for  a  minimum  period  of  three  years,  but  either  Committee 


haa  the  option  of  [detormininK  the  aKreoment  in  the  event  of  the 
City  Council  altiiring  thu  Ijaiiiii  npon  which  the  uontribotlonii  from 
the  prolitH  of  the  undertitkingn  to  the  relief  of  the  ratee  are  mad^, 
thereby  in  ;reaHing  the  unmunt  of  such  contribotionii. 

The  Cori)oration  TramwayM  Committee  haH  inhtruettd  the 
general  muna.<er  to  Hubiiiit  a  report  upon  the  HuggeittionN  ri-cently 
made  by  n  deputation  which  urged  the  adoption  of  halfpenny 
fares  and  an  all-night  service  of  cars. 

At  the  City  (Council  on  WcdiicHday  la«t  week,  Councillor  Clyne 
asked  if  the  agreement  of  Mr.  J.  M'Elroy,  the  tramway  manager, 
did  not  preclude  his  devoting  any  time  to  tramway  work  for  other 
undertakings.  He  had  acted  as  arbitrator  in  a  tramway  matt«r 
concerning  Bra<lford  and  Leeds,  and  for  eight  days'  «ervic€«  he 
was  said  to  have  received  £10.'..  Dr.  Chapman  said  the  Committ** 
gave  its  permission  as  it  was  necessary  that  the  arbitrator  nhould 
be  a  gentleman  connected  with  a  municipal  umlertaking.  The 
payments  were  high,  but  the  bulk  went  to  the  special  lawyer 
engaged  to  draw  up  the  agreements.  Councillor  Clyne  expressed 
himself  satisfied  with  the  answers  given. 

Nelson. — The  B.  of  T.  has  sanctioned  the  running  of  a 
goods  wagon  on  the  tramways  between  Nelson  and  Padiham,  and 
Hurnley  and  llarle  Syke,  for  a  further  period  of  six  months. 

IV'e'VVport. — So  far  the  rearrangement  and  increase  of  the 
tramway  fares  at  Newport  have  benefited  rather  than  hurt  the 
concern.  The  first  week  of  the  changed  fares  showed  that  there 
was  a  total  of  1(12,218  passengers  and  of  £701  in  takings,  as  com- 
pared with  156,852  passengers  and  £631  in  takings  in  the  corres- 
ponding week  of  last  year. 

Rochdale. — A  threatened  strike  of  tramway  employes 
has  been  averted.  The  trouble  arose  in  consequence  of  the  sus- 
pension of  a  motorman,  who  declined  to  turn  out  for  a  fresh  spell 
of  duty  when  requested  to  do  so  by  an  inspector.  The  Tramways 
Committee  heard  his  explanation  last  week,  and  subsequently  it 
was  announced  that  the  Committee,  whilst  regretting  the  man's 
act  of  insubordination,  and  also  that  he  did  not  seek  an  interview 
with  the  manager,  had  decided  to  annul  the  effects  of  the  week's 
suspension,  and  pay  him  the  week's  wages  which  he  missed.  The 
men  expressed  satisfaction  with  the  decision. 

Rotherham. — The  manager  reports  an  increase  of 
£6,858  in  the  total  receipts  of  the  tramways  department,  as 
against  the  previous  year,  the  actual  figures  being  £42,714,  as 
against  £35,856,  an  increase  of  19' I  per  cent.  This  increase, 
he  states,  is  largely  due  to  the  extension  of  the  Broom  Road 
and  Dalton  sections,  and  to  the  additional  feeding  value  to 
the  former  of  the  Maltby  trolley  'bus  system.  The  receipts  per 
car-mile  are  on  a  paying  basis  on  each  section  except  the  Broom 
section,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  on  a  full  year's  working,  the 
receipts  per  car-mile  on  this  section  will  prove  to  be  a  satisfactory 
figure.  The  number  of  car-miles  run  were  772,610,  as  against 
720.132.  and  the  number  of  passengers  carried  increased  from 
7,813,922  to  8,774,53'.!.  The  cost  of  repairs  to  permanent  way 
during  the  year  amounted  to  £1,262,  and  to  cars  £3,332.  The 
gross  profit  of  £13,966  compared  with  C  10,642  obtained  in  the 
previous  year,  and  represented  4"34d.  per  car-mile,  as  compared 
with  3"28d.  for  the  jAevious  year.  After  deducting  the  usual 
allowance  for  redemption  of  debt  and  contribution  to  sinking 
fund  and  interest,  the  net  profit  was  £5,787,  as  against  £3,723  in 
1911-12. 

South  Shields. — At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C.  on  the  7th 
inst.,  Alderman  Wylie,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  Tramway 
Committee's  report,  stated  that  the  new  system  of  penny  fares  had 
proved  a  great  success,  and,  in  the  opinion  of  the  manager,  had  met 
the  convenienceof  thepublic  better  even  than  had  been  expected.  Now 
the  traflSc  was  divided  between  two  routes,  instead  of  being  largely 
restricted  to  one,  and  there  had  been  a  great  levelling-up  of  the 
traflfic.  The  increase  of  receipts  had  been  very  satisfactory,  and 
the  increases  of  the  number  of  passengers  carried  had  been  as 
follows  :— Ordinary  adult  fares,  14"3  percent. :  children's  fares,  15  per 
cent.  :  penny  workmen's  fares,  55  per  cent.  ;  and  in  2d.  workmen's 
fares,  as  against  3d.  fares,  240  percent. 

Swansea. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  apply  to  the  Light 
Railways  Commissioners  for  an  order  to  construct  three  lines  of 
railways  in  the  borough,  which  will  join  the  existing  tramways  at 
various  points, 

L'.S.A, — After  numerous  tests  of  an  experimental  loco- 
motive which  will  develop  5.000  h.p.  for  short  periods,  the  New 
York  Central  Railway  has  placed  an  order  for  nine  similar  loco- 
motives with  the  General  Electric  Co.  The  new  engines  will  weigh 
100  tons,  fcr  15  tons  less  than  those  now  in  use ;  this  weight  is  carried 
on  four  two-axle  bogie-trucks,  and  every  axle  will  carry  a  motor, 
no  gearing  being  employed.  The  motors  are  electrically  connected 
permanently  in  parallel  in  pairs,  and  the  pairs  can  be  connected  in 
series,  series-parallel  and  parallel.  In  order  to  obtain  flexibility, 
the  locomotive  is  built  up  of  two  22-ft.  trucks,  hinged  together  at 
the  centre,  and  each  mounted  on  two  two-axle  bogies.  The  cab 
which  is  33  ft.  long,  is  mounted  on  the  centre  pins  carried  on  these 
trucks.  The  locomotives  are  designed  to  haul  a  l.COOton  train  at 
60  miles  per  hour  continuously,  developing  1,400  h.p.,  but,  as 
previously  stated,  they  can  develop  5,000  h.p.  for  a  short  period. 

Wakefield.— The  City  Council  has  decided  to  opi^se 
the  Morley  Corporation  Bill,  unless  the  promotors  give  an  assur- 
ance to  amend  the  Bill  so  as  not  to  be  able  to  construct  a  railless 
trolley  system  on  any  part  of  the  route  over  which  the  Yorkshire 
(West  Riding)  Electric  Tramways  Co.  has  power  to  construct  light 
railways.  » 

£ 


806 


THE    ELECTRICAL  .  REMEW,         [Voi  72.  No.  i.ssi,  mat  le,  i»i3. 


M'arriOiTtOll. — Last  week  it  was  reported  that  the 
Corporation  tramwayg  had  had  a  record  year,  the  profits  having 
increased  from  £2.456  to  £2,y81.  The  reserve  fund  now  amounts 
to  £10.000,  and  the  system  has  paid  -£8,000  towards  the  reduction 
of  the  rates,  including-  £1,500  in  the  latest  returns. 

\Vi|^n. — The  profit  on  the  past  year's  working  has  been 
£1,178  compared  with  a  loss  in  the  previous  year  of  £4,1S9. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Imperial  Wireless  System.— On  Wednesday  last  week 
the  report  of  Mr.  G.  W.  Knox  and  the  chairman  on  their  examina- 
tion of  the  pass-books  submitted  by  Sir  Rufus  Isaacs  and  Mr. 
Lloyd  Georpe  was  received  by  the  Select  Committee  on  the  Marconi 
contract.  Xo  items  were  found  relating  to  dealings  in  Marconi 
shares,  except  those  already  explained  to  the  Committee. 

Mr.  -Marconi  then  made  a  long  statement,  reviewing  the  history 
of  wireless  telegraphy  from  the  date  of  his  first  experiments   in 
18!'.5.     He  said  that  he  first  received  signals  across  the  Atlantic  by 
day  on  December  12th,  19nl,  and  oflBcial  messages  were  transmitted 
on  December  16th,  l<>ii2.   A  news  service  was  commenced  in  March, 
1903.  but  was  discontinued  on  account  of  increasing  difficulties  as 
the  spring  advanced.    At  every  stage  he  experienced  the  necessity 
of    increasing  the  power  of  the  plant  employed.       In    V.KiJ  he 
patented  his  horizontal  directional  aerial,  which  at  once  brought 
about  a  most  marked  improvement  in  the  strength  of  signals  :     it 
was  from  this  point  that  real   progress  in  long-distance  work  was 
dated.     He  had  used  wires  laid  on  the  ground  ifor  war  purposes  in 
Tripoli,  but  that  method  was  not  suitable  for  commercial  work. 
To  achieve  equal  efficiency  without  the  horizontal  aerial,  a  mast 
two  or  three  times  as  high  as  the  Eiffel  Tower  would  be  necessary. 
In  October,  IS'OT,  a   service  of  Press  messages  was  inaugurated 
between  England  and  America,  and  in  1908  commercial  service  was 
commenced,  and  had  never  been   discontinued  except  when    the 
station   at   Glace   Bay  was  destroyed  by  fire.     In   October,  1910, 
messages  were  transmitted  from  Clifden  to  an  Italian  ship  over  a 
distance  of  3,-173  miles  by  day,  and  from  Clifden  to  Buenos  Ayres 
at  night,  5,849  miles.      Commnnicatian  was  carried  on  between 
Coltano  and  Maacana.  2,238  miles,  and  between  San  Francisco  and 
Honolulu,  2,078  miles,  the  former  span  including  1,599  miles  over 
land  surface,  partly  in  the  Tropics.     He  had  been  responsible  for 
the  equipment  on  over  1,000  ships,  and  four  stations  working  over 
2,000  mUes,  as  well  as  20  stations  having  ranges  of  over  1,000 
miles.     His  present  long-distance  system  included  several  patents 
which  he  considered  as  important  as  the  "  four  sevens "  patent, 
and   these,   together   with   his  experience  and   that  of  200  able 
engineers,    and    an    expenditure    of     £360,000    on    experimental 
work,    constituted    the    right    for    his    company    to    ask    what 
he    considered     very     reasonable    terms    for    the    long-distance 
stations     required     by     the     Government.      His     system      had 
been    developed    without    the    assistance    of    the    Government. 
He  could  not  agree  that  the  system  used  by  the  British  Admiralty 
materially  differed  from  his  own   fystem  ;  he   had  inspected  the 
installation  on  a  British  warship  in  September,  1911,  aid  stated 
that  the  system  there  installed   was  the  Marconi  system  pure  and 
simple.     He  was  employing  a  continuous-wave  system  at  Clifden 
without  any  sparks  whatever  ;   it  was    wrong   to   say   that    the 
Marconi    system   was   a  spark   system.     Automatic  working    was 
not  new  ;  he  had  used   it  in  his  trans-Atlantic  service,  and  was 
prepared  to   transmit  and  receive  automatically  on  that  service. 
If  the  Poulsen  system  were  adopted  for  the  Imperial  stations,  every 
installation    on    board   British  ships  would   have  to   be    altered 
before  it  could  receive  messages  from   the  long-distance  stations. 
His  company  never  sought  to  purchase  the  Ponlsen  patents.     He 
totsdly  disagreed  with  much  of  the  evidence  given  by  Mr.  Taylor, 
of  the  Post  Office,  and  statements  by  Sir  Henry  Norman.    The  V.S. 
Government  had  a  number  of  Marconi  stations  at  work  and  under 
constraction.  and  the  Marconi  Co.  had  important  agreements  with 
the  French  Government.     Sir   H.   Norman  had  said   he  believed 
there  was  no   experience  of   working   2,000    miles   largely    over 
tropical    lands  :    yet  Sir   Henry    had   visited  the   Coltano    long- 
distance   station,     and    had     been     informed      there     that     it 
communicated  with  Massaua,  which  was  well  within  the  tropics. 
He  had   never  speculated   in   the  shares  of    his  companies.     No 
syndicate  ever  existed  in  connection  with  any  of  the  shares  of  any 
of  the  Marconi   companies.      Neifher   he  nor   his  company  was 
responsible  for  the  fluctuations  of  the    prices    in     the    market. 
Mr.  Marconi  protested  against  the  refipctiona  which  had  been  made 
upon  his  company  and  hims-elf  for  having  innocently  entered  into 
a  contract  with  the  Government ;  he  resented  the  inquiry  into  the 
affaire  of  his  company,  which  bad  no  relation   to  the  contract, 
particularly  the  transactions  in  America  related   by  Mr.  Isaacs, 
whose  evidence  he  endorsed,  and  he  regretted  that   the  services 
which  his  company  and  he  had  for  so  many  years  rendered  to  the 
nation  should  not  have  been  deemed  worthy  of  higher  consider- 
ation.    He  objected  to  the  use  of  his  name  as  a  by- word  in  party 
politics.     He  crmsidered   that  his  waa  the  only  company  that  was 
capable  of  fnlfiUing  the  rfqnirements  of  the  Imperial  chain.     The 
long  delay  had  been  very  hard  on  his  company,  which  had  engi- 
neers waiting  to  do  the  work  ;  the  price  of  materials  had  gone  up 
and  the  circumstances  had  changed. 
The  Committee  adjourned  for  the  Whitanntide  recess. 


Japan.— A  sum  of  £300,000  is  allotted  in  this  year's 
Japanese  Budget  for  the  provision  of  new  telephone  apparatus.  It 
is  stated  that  over  12,000  applications  for  the  installation  of  the 
telephone  are  awaiting  attention. 

LoDjr-DistaDce    Wireless. — On  May  9th  the  wireless 

station  at  Nauen,  near  Berlin,  succeeded  in  establishing  communica- 
tion with  the  station  at  Say  ville.  Long  Island,  near  New  York  City, 
a  distance  of  over  4,000  miles. 

Poalsen  System. — It  is  stated  that  Mr.  A.  S.  Baiendale 

is  the  chairman  and  managing  director  of  the  Universal  Radio 
Syndicate,  which  has  purchased  the  patents  controlling  the  Poulaen 
system  of  wireless  telegraphy  :  the  other  directors  are  Messrs. 
Hommell,  Barton  and  Gandil.  Dr.  Erskine-Murray  has  been 
appointed  consulting  engineer  to  the  syndicate.  Messrs.  Wemher, 
Beit  &  Co..  Messrs.  Kleinwort,  the  Imperial  Tobacco  Co.,  and  Sir 
Robt.  .lardine  are  said  to  be  interested  in  the  system  as  share- 
holders. 

Telephone  Rates,—  The  Postmaster-General  hopes  to  be 
able  to  make  an  announcement  on  the  subject  of  the  revised  scale 
of  telephone  rates  before  the  end  of  June. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


.4berdare. — May  2 nth.  Cables,  street  work,  junction 
boxes,  incandescent  fittings  for  street  lighting,  meters,  &c..  for  the 
Council.     See  "  Official  Notices "'  to-day. 

Australia.  —  Victoria.  —  May  30th.  High-tension 
switchgear  with  remote  control,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council. 
See  "Official  Notices"  March  28th. 

May  16th. — One  15-ton  overhead  travelling  crane,  for  the  Mel- 
bourne City  Council.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  May  2nd. 

June  2nd. — 20,000-volt  h^t.  switchgear  and  l  t.  switchgear  and 
accessories,  for  the  Melbourne  Suburban  Railways.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  May  2nd. 

June  11th.- — Switchgear  and  instruments,  for  the  Melbourne  City 
Council.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th. 

July  1st.  Telephone  instruments  and  submarine  cable,  for  the 
P.M.G.    See 'Official  Notices"  to-day. 

July  8th.  —  Common  -  battery  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.  s 
Department.    See  "Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  8th. — Rubber-covered  wire,  batteries,  telephone  switch- 
boards, measuring  instruments  and  telephone  instruments,  for  the 
P.M  G.     See  '  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

TA.SMANIA. — June  9th.  Telegraph  and  telephone  material  for 
the  P.M.G.'s  Department.    See  "Official  Notices"  May  9th. 

Queensland. — May  2l8t.  Copper  wire  and  accesfories,  for  the 
P.M.G.'b  Department.    See  "  Official  Notices"  April  11th. 

August  27th. — Five  sections  of  common-battery  multiple  switch- 
board, for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.    See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Westebn  Australia. — May  28th.  Condensing  plant,  pump 
and  piping,  for  a  Government  power  station  at  Perth.  See 
"Official  Notices"  May  9th. 

July  9th  and  30(h  and  August  6th. — Telegraph  and  telephone 
material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official  Notices  ' 
to-day. 

June  nth.  Metal-filament  lamps,  for  the  P.M.G.  See  "Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

July  23rd.  —  Telegraph  and  telephone  instruments,  for  the 
P.M.G.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

South  Australia.— July  16th.  Telegraph  and  telephone 
material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official  Notices" 
to-day. 

New  South  Wales.— .July  9th.  Switchboards,  for  the  P.M.G. 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Anstria. — May  23rd.  The  Austrian  State  Railway 
authorities  at  Stanislau  are  inviting  tenders  for  an  installation  of 
electric  lighting  and  for  a  number  of  electric  lifts  at  the  new 
railway  station  buUdings  at  Stanislau. 

Barnes. — May  19th.  Feeder  and  distributor  cables,  for 
the  U.D.C.     See  "Official  Notices"  April  25th. 

Belfast. — May  19th.  Circulating-water  pump,  for  tbt' 
Corporation  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee.  See  "Official 
Notices ''  AprU  25th. 

Bel^inm. — May    20th.      The   municipal   authorities  of 
Schaerbeek,  Brussels,  are  inviting  tenders  for  a  low-tension  net 
work  of  mains  in  connection   with    the  electric   lighting    un(l<  - 
taking.     Particulars  from  the  Service  de  I'Electricite,  30,  Rue 
la  Ruche,  Schaerbeek. 

May  24th. — The  I'elgian  telegraph  authorities  in  Brussels  ( 1 
Salle    de    la    Madeleine)    are    inviting     tenders     for    telephoi 
apparatus    for  c  :::tral- battery   operation   at   the    headquarters   in 
Antwerp 


Vol.  72.   No.  1.851,  May  16, 1913.J  THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


807 


\ 


Balfrftrla. — May  20tb.  The  District  Administration  of 
Finance  in  Sofia  is  invitini;  tendern  for  the  supply  of  two  boilers, 
two  steam  en(^ine^  three  dynamoB  and  an  electric  motor,  with 
accessories,  for  the  Hulfrarian  State  Collieries  at  Pcrnik. 

Colchester. — May  27th.  Steam  coal  for  a  year  (about 
5,000  tons)  for  the  Corporation  electricity  department.  Mr.  W. 
Frisby,  Borougrh  Ii)Icctrioal  Engineer,  Sti,  Osborne  Street. 

Croydon.— May  •2'.)th.  Electric  lightinp:  of  the  fire 
station  and  library,  Thornton  Heath,  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"  OtBcial  Notices  "  today. 

Derby. — May  "iartl.  One  750-k\v.  motor-alternator,  for 
the  Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices"  May  i'th. 

Douirlas  (Isle  of  Man). — May  19th.  Good  8tcam  coal 
(about  lyo  tons)  double  screened  for  the  cable  tramways.  Mr.  A. 
llobertson,  town  clerk. 

Dundee. — May  30th.  Steam  and  feed  piping,  steam 
feed  pumps  and  hot-well  tank,  &c.,  for  the  Corporation  electricity 
department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Gla.sj^OW. — iVfay  2(;th.  Two  steam  turbo-alternators, 
with  condensing  plant  (5,000  KW.  and  2,000  Kw.  respectively),  for 
the  Corporation  Tramways  Department.  See  "  Official  Notices  " 
April  25th. 

Grimsby. — Pipework,  extension  of  Klein  cooling  towers, 
conduits,  seven-way  d.p.  distribution  board  and  motor-driven  rotary 
air  and  water  extraction  pumps  and  circulating  pump,  for  the 
Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  May  2nd. 

Leeds. — May  19th.  Economiser  chamber  at  the 
^eneratinf;  station,  Whitehall  Road  ;  extension  of  engine  room 
flooring  at  generating'  station,  Whitehall  Road.  Specifications, 
&c.,  from  1.  Whitehall  Road,  Mr.  C.  N.  Heflford,  engineer. 

London. — L.C.C. — May  28th.  Electrical  installations  at 
Lewisham  Bridge  and  Fairfield  Road  (Bow)  elementary  schools. 
See  "  Official  Notices  '"  May  9th. 

Applications  are  invited  from  persons  and  firms  wishing  to  be 
included  among  those  from  whom  the  Council  invites  tenders  for 
the  supply  of  stores  and  the  execution  of  general  maintenance 
contracts.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  May  9th. 

June  Hrd. — High  and  low -tension  cables  for  Tramways  Depart- 
ment.   See  "  Official  Notices  '  to-day. 

Mile  Exd. — Two  30-k\v.  and  one  15-kw.  compound  engines  and 
dynamos,  for  the  Guardians  (from  municipal  authorities  only).  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  May  9th. 

Royal  Mint.— May  19th.  50  tons  of  copper  in  ingots.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Meteopolitan  Asylums  Board. — June  4th.  Extension  of 
internal  telephone  system  and  installation  of  signal  bells  at  the 
Western  Fever  Hospital,  Fulham,  S.W.  See  "Official  Notices  ' 
to-day. 

Malta. — May  22nd.  Arc  lamp  carbons.  Receiver- 
General  and  Director  of  Contracts,  Valletta.  Forms,  &c.,  from 
Crown  Agents  for  the  Colonies,  Whitehall  Gardens,  S.W. 

Manchester. — ^lay  20th.  («)  Canopy  trolley  standards  : 
(J)  steel  fishplates  for  tramway  rails  ;  (c)  steel  tie  bars  for  tramway 
rails ;  (rf)  pitch  for  paving  purposes,  for  the  City  Tramways  Com- 
mittee.    Mr.  J.  M.  McElroy,  General  Manager,  55,  PiccadQly. 

Mexboron^h. — May  30th.  Lancashire  boiler,  for  the 
.XJ.D.C.  electricity  department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th. 

New  Xealand. — Christchurch. — May  22nd.  City 
XJouncU.  Two  500-Kw.  converters  and  switchboard  panels.  Ten- 
ders, c.i.f.  Lyttelton,  to  office  of  High  Commissioner  for  N.Z.,  13, 
Victoria  Street,  S.W.  Specification,  &c.,  at  Board  of  Trade  C.I. 
Department  in  London. 

Portsmouth. — June  1 1th.  Wiring  for  electric  light 
installation  at  Workhouse  Infirmary  extensions,  ic,  Milton.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Rathmines  and  Rathgar.— May  I9th.  Electrically- 
driven  jet  condensing  plant,  for  the  U.D.C.  See  "  Official  Notices  " 
May  2nd. 

Rochdale. — May  2 1st.  Boiler  feed  pumps,  for  the 
Corporation  Electricity  Committee.  See  "Official  Notices"  May  2nd, 

Salford. — May  1 9th.  Tenders  invited  for  10  car  bodies 
and  10  Brill  trucks.  Tramways  General  Manager,  32,  Blackfriars 
Street,  Salford. 

Wiring  of  new  secondary  school,  Pendleton,  for  the  Education 
Committee.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

South    Africa. — Stellenbosch    (Cape    Province). — 

June  4th.  The  Municipality  is  requiring  tenders  for  buildings, 
generating  plant,  cables,  public  lighting,  meters,  &c.,  in  connection 
with  the  electric  lighting  scheme.  Specifications  from  Prof.  Bohle, 
South  African  College,  Cape  Town. 

Two  40-KW.  Diesel  engines  and  dynamos,  pipework,  battery, 
feeders,  aerial  cables,  street  lamps,  &c, 


8paln, — May  24th.  The  municipal  aothoritien  of 
Tabanera  dc  Cerrato  (Palencla  province)  are  inviting  ttndera  for 
the  conceiii<i(<n  for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period 
of  eight  yearH. 

May  29th.— Tenders  are  being  invited  by  the  muni'iipal 
autboritien  of  Almoria  for  the  conccniiion  for  the  elee.tric  lighting 
of  the  town  during  a  period  of  15  years. 

Tenders  have  just  been  invited  by  the  municip*!  authoritie*  of 
Urda  (province  of  Toledo)  for  the  conccsHion  for  the  electrio 
lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period  of  12  yean. 

Walthamstow. — May  2«th.  Natural  draught  cooling 
tower,  for  the  I'.D.C.  Electricity  Department.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  May  2nd. 


CLOSED. 

Barrow. — The  P.  of  <;.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Mr. 
Drysdale,  Barrow,  amounting  to  J£670,  for  the  electric  lighting  of 
the  workhouse. 

Belg;ium. — Six  German  and  two  lielgian  concerns  com- 
peted for  the  contract,  last  week,  for  the  supply  of  armoured  high- 
tension  cables  required  by  the  municipal  authorities  of  Schaerbeek, 
Brussels,  in  connection  with  their  electric  lighting  undertaking. 
The  lowest  tender  was  that  of  the  Socirte  des  Ateliers  de  f'onstruc- 
tions  Electriques,  of  Charleroi. 

Birmingham. — The  Corporation  has  placed  a  contract 
with  the  Electro-Mechanical  Brake  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  West  Bromwich, 
for  40  Maley  electro-mechanical  brakes  of  a  new  design  for 
maximum  traction  bogie  trucks,  after  test  of  a  trial  brake.  Thia 
is  the  second  large  order  placed  with  the  same  company  by  the 
Corporation. 

Blackburn. — The  Corporation  has  placed  a  contract 
with  the  British  Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Co., 
Ltd.,  for  a  turbo-generator  for  the  electricity  works. 

Cheltenham. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 

British   Westinghouse  Co.  for  the  new  condensing  plant  at  the 
electricity  works,  at  1 1,000. 

Doncaster. — The  Electric  and  Tramways  Committee  has 
recommended  the  acceptance  of  the  following  tenders  in  connection 
with  the  supply  of  new  tramcars  : — 

United  Electric  Car  Co.,  Ltd.— Car  bodies,  with  top  covert,  at  £K6  eaoh. 

Peckham  Track  Co.— Pendulum  trucks,  at  £90  10s.  each. 

Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.— Electrical  equipments,  at  £284  10s. 

Dover. — The  T.C.  has  received  the  following  tenders  for 

4,000  tons  of  coal  (washed  nuts)  for  the  electric  light  works  : — 

W.  Cory  &  Son.— 178.  93.  per  ton. 

Featherstone  Colliery  Co.— 17s.  Hd. 

Settle,  Speakman  &  Co.  —  Queenboro'  washed  nuts,  £1  Is,;   and  Pearl 

Black   19s.  lOd. 
Myers,  Kose  &  Co.— 18s.  3d.,  with  alternative  prices  ranging  from  173.  6d. 

to  jEI  Os.  2d. 
Main  Collierv  Co.,  8.  Wales.— 19b.  TJd. 
Mowlt  &  Co.  (Dover). —Washed  steam  smalls  (Haigmore),  163.  Ud.;  Hastings 

steam  smalls,  16s.  Ud. ;  and  another  kind,  17s.  5d. 

A  truck  load  of  Mowll  &  Co.'s  coal,  at  £1  Is.  5d.  per  ton  for  the 
sample,  is  to  be  tried,  and  if  satisfactory,  that  firm's  tender  is  to  be 
accepted  :  otherwise,  the  contract  is  to  be  placed  with  the  Feather- 
stone  Colliery  Co.,  last  year's  contractors,  at  15s.  2d.  per  ton. 

Eastbourne.— The    T.C.   has    received    the    following 

tenders   for  the   supply  and  erection  of   a  coal  conveyor  at  the 
electricity  works  : — 

Rownson,  Drew  &  Clydesdale.  I    Babcock  &  Wilcox,  Ltd. 

(accepted)  E.  Bennis  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

R.  Dempster  &  sons,  Ltd.  1    G.  Robson  4  Co. 

Walton  &  Clough,  Ltd.  Btrachan  &  Henshaw,  Ltd. 

Meohan  cS  Sons.  1    Spencer  A  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  T.C.  also  received  tender  from  the  following  for  flame  arc 
lamps  for  public  street  lighting  ; — 
Electrical  Co..  Ud.   (accepted)  I    Q.  BrauUk. 

Engineering  and  Arc  Lamps,  Ltd.  Johnson  &  Phillips. 

Maxim  Lamp  Works,  Ltd.  |    Ridings  Arc  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd. 

Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.       1    Union  Elec'ric  Co.,  Ltd. 
Oliver  Arc  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.  }    Electrical    EoRineering   and    Eqmp- 

JanduB  Arc  Lamp  and  Electric  Co.         i  ment  Co. 

The  question  of  the  sale  of  the  old  lamps  and  transformers  has 
been  deferred. 

Finchley. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  U.D.C.  the 
following  tenders  were  received  for  the  supply  of  a  new  oil  engine 
for  the  electricity  works  : — 

(1)  Cole,  Marchant  &  Morley,  Ltd JES,650 

(2)  V^illans  &  EobinsoD,  Ltd ..    2,857 

(8)  Bnrmeister  &  Wain.  Ltd 2'Sn 

(4)  Swiss  Loco,  and  Machine  Works 8.B50 

(5)  R.  Hornsby  4  Sons,  Ltd 8,061 

(6)  Consolidated  Diesel  Engine  Co o.1m 

(7)  Hick-Diesel  Engine  Co.,  Ltd 8,147 

Ditto  (alternative  for  horizontal  engine)                      ..  8,236 

(8)  M. AN.  Co.  (vertical) 8,39J 

(9)  Mirlees,  Bieketton  4  Day 3>=25 

The  Electricity  Committee  reported  that  tenderers  Nos.  1,  2,  :!,  6 
and  9  had  not  agreed  to  any  system  of  deferred  payments  :  ten- 
derers No.  4  offered  an  engine  at  200  revs,  per  minute  in  place  of  a 
maximum  of  ISO  as  specified.  They  recommended  that  the  tender 
of  Messrs.  Hornsby  be  accepted,  their  price,  on  a  system  of  deferred 
payments  (one-third  on  delivery,  one-third  12  months  after  delivery, 
and  one-third  IS  months  after  delivery),  being  :— Engine,  £3.4-S  : 
generator,  £834  ;  bedplate,  *6.'.     In  the  discussion  which  ensued. 


803 


THE   ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,8B1,  Mat  16,  1913. 


Councillor  Nicholls  asked  if  it  was  a  fact  that  the  reason  for 
not  accepting  the  lowest  tender,  £2,G50,  was  that  that  tenderer 
would  not  supply  an  eng^ioe  on  the  deferred -payment  pystem. 
Councillor  Syrett  replied  that  machinery  was  a  matter  that  required 
other  consideration  than  figures.  The  Committee  had  to  take  into 
consideration  the  efficiency  of  the  machine  and  economy  in 
working.  The  engineer  was  satisfied  that  the  engine  recommended 
wa«  th9  cheapest,  taking  everything  into  consideration.  Councillor 
Butcher  aeked  what  was  the  spot  cash  price  for  the  machine.  It 
did  not  seem  a  very  great  business  proposition  for  a  Council  like 
theirs  to  buy  an  engine  on  the  hire-purchase  system.  Councillor 
Syrett  replied  that  the  spot  cash  price  was  £3,051  and  the  Council 
would  have  to  pay  t:S,2)S.  The  principle  had  already  been  adopted 
by  the  Council.  On  two  occasions  the  Council  had  sanctioned  the 
purchase  of  an  oil  engine  out  of  revenue.  The  only  other  method 
wa.s  by  loan,  for  which  the  sanction  of  the  L.G.B  must  be  obtained. 
That  meant  unnecessary  delay  and  expense,  besides  adding  to 
capital.  The  Council  would  have  to  pay  f,  per  cent,  under  the 
deferred-payment  system.  It  was  not  at  all  unusual  to  buy 
machinery  on  the  line?  proposed.  The  Committee  would  have 
preferred  to  pay  cash  if  it  had  the  revenue,  but  it  had  not 
£4.000  to  its  credit.  After  it  had  paid  off  the  final  instal- 
ment, the  revenue  account  would  be  in  as  good  a  condition  as  ever. 
The  Committee's  recommendation  was  eventually  carried  by  six 
votes  to  four. 

Glasyow. — The  following  coutracts  have  been  entered 
int)  for  the  ensuing  12  months  by  the  Tramways  Committee  :  — 

Steel  car  whee's.— John  Baker  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  HadHeld's  Steel  Foundry 

Co  ,  Ltd. 
Steel  tires.— Brown  Bayley's  Steul  Works,  Ltd. 
►•teel  a:les.— GUsgow  Kailway  Engineeriog  Co.,  Ltd. 
V.LK.  cullies  ^«icniens  Bros."&  Co.,  Ltd..  and  B.I.  &  Helsby  Cati'es,  Ltd. 
Chilled  iron  b'ake  blocks.— Miller  *  Co.,  Ltd. 

Fireclay  goods.— aienboig  Union  Fireclay  Co  ,  Ltd.,  and  Currie  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
Springs.— Gc- ).  Turcon,  Platts  &  Co.,  Ltd  .  and  L.  Sterne  &  Co  ,  Ltd. 
Steel  (tool.  &c.>.-  IbbotsoD  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  L.  N.  Ledingham  &  Co. 
Wrought-iron  tubes,  .tc-S:ew»rt9  &  Lloyds,  Ltd.,  and    tcot'ish    Tabe 

Co.,  Ltd. 
Cotton  wiste,  Ac- Win   Wiseman  &  Son,  R.  &  W.  Cutbb.rtson,  and  Jas. 

Paxton  4  Co. 

Ordinary  contracts  closed  included  : — 

Scrap  copper,  tisld  coil  •,  armature  coils.— F.  W.  Harris. 

Brass.- G.  Bill-Gozzard. 

Le»d-covered  cable.— Trainer  &  Allison. 

Rubber  cable.— Ballardi<».  Holden  &  Co. 

Zinc  and  dry  cells — K.  M.  Easdale  &  Co. 

Rubber. — John  Wilson. 

Cast-iron  stopping  place  sign-posts  and  brackets.— J.  &  A.  Law,  Ltd. 

The  Electricity  Committee  recommends  the  acceptance  of  the 
following  for  12  months  : — 

C.L  joint  boxes,  section  pillars,  &c.— Carron  Co.,  Ltd.;  Falkirk  Iron  Co., 

Ltd. ;  M'Dowall,  8tev.>n  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
Fireclay    bricks.— Heathfield    &    Cardowan    Co.,    Ltd.;    Glenbiig    Union 

Fireclay  Co. 
Wooden  troaghing  and  cover. — Rooinson,  Dunn  &  Co. 
Malleab'e  iron  tubes  and  fittings.- Scottish  Tube  Co. 

The  TC,  at  its  next  meeting,  will  be  asked  to  approve  of  the 
following  :  — 

It  having  been  reported  that  the  electrical  engineer  had  completed  an  elec- 
tric lamp  for  constali'es.  which  had  been  thoroHRhly  tested  and  had  given 
entire  satisfaction;  that  the  necessary  plant  for  recharging  the  lamps  had  been 
fitted  up,  and  tliat.  to  subsiitiif!  electric  lamps  for  oil  lamps  at  prf  sent  in  use, 
850  would  be  required,  authority  be  granted  to  said  engineer  to  obtain  ofters 
for  additional  lamps  (100  being  already  in  use),  that  ofticial  submitted  six  offers, 
and  the  sub-committee,  having  considered  the  same,  agreed  to  recommend 
that  100  lamp^  be  obtained  from  each  of  the  following  firms,  viz. : — Messrs. 
Watson  &  White,  Messrs.  Ross  &  Co.  and  Messrs  Peto  &  Radford  (per  Messrs. 
Colin  Scott  &  Co  ). 

Hereford. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Calkn- 
der's  Cable  and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  cables,  at  £833  ;  and 
that  of  the  Rees  Roturbo  Jlinufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  pumps  and 
motor?,  at  £41.5. 

King's  Lynn. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  following 
tenders  ; — Messrs.  Browett,  Lindley  i:  Co.,  Ltd.,  one  400-k\v.  high- 
speed steam  engine,  £1,289;  steam,  exhaust  and  feed  pipes,  foot- 
plates, kc ,  £427  ;  the  Rees  Roturbo  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  one 
rotary  jet  condensing  plant,  C305  ;  the  I'biinix  Dynamo  Co,  Ltd., 
one  40U-KW.  dynamo,  £600;  total,  112. .521.  The  (,'ommittee  also 
accepted  the  tender  of  Mr.  W.  F.  Smith,  of  King's  Lynn,  amounting 
to  £778,  for  the  erection  of  an  additional  boiler  house. 

Lancaster. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  .Messrs. 
Milnes,  Voss  \.  Co.  for  two  top- deck  covers  for  tramcars,  at  £120 
each. 

London. — Hammersmith. — The  B.C.  is  to  enter  into  a 
contract  with  the  Main  Colliery  Co.  for  an  annual  supply  of  free 
burning  coal  to  the  Elentricity  Department,  at  17s.  (Id.  per  ton. 

Battf.khea. — The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the  B^es 
Roturbo  Manufacturing  Co.,  at  Cil.'jo,  for  additional  pump-house 
plant  at  the  generating  station. 

SoUTiiWABK — The  following  tenders  have  been  received  by  the 
B.C.  for  machinery  required  in  connection  with  the  plant  extension 
at  the  electric  lighting  station  : — 

CoNDF.iiHiso  Plamt  Axn  Cooling  Towkr. 

Condenser.         Cooling  tower. 

Klein  Kngineering  Co £4,136  — 

Worthinuton  Pump  Co 3.570  — 

Reea  Roturbo  Co 8,895  — 

Isa^c  Stoiey 8,180  — 

(alternative)       8,C30  — 

W.  H.  Allen*  Co.,  Ltd 4,882  — 

Cole.  Murchant  &  M-a-lev  8,676  — 

Mirrlees  Watson  &  Co.,  Lti 3.450  — 

Davenport  Engineeriog  Co .S,505  2,2a7 

(alternative)        3,418  3,187 

Balcke  *  Co.,  Ltd ..  —  2,199 

Kater  d  ^nkemmit —  1,08S 


Wati-b-tobe  BoiLBas. 

British  NiclaUBSe  C5o £6,9"6 

Stirling  Boiler  Co 6,293 

(alternative)  6,634 

Babcock  &  Wilcoi,  Ltd 6,147 

,      ..                 „                       ....          (alternative)  6,629 

Howden  &  Co 6,690 

Clarke,  Chapman 6.858 

1.              , (alternative)  7.171 

„  7,337 

TCBBO-GENEBATOnS,   ROTARY  CONVERTERS  AKD   SWITCHBOARD. 

Turbo-generators.    Rotaries.    Switchboard. 

Oerlikon  Co ^£8,196  £7.17.1  — 

(a'ternative)           —  5,.'>15  — 

Dick,  Kerr  &  Co  ,  I, -d.          ..         !),395  5,414  £948 

Howden  &  Co.,  Ltd 8,495  9,985 

„     (alternative)        8  342  —  — 

General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.  ..        7.980  4,030  861 

„     (alternative)        8,3.';2  8,626  — 

7,820  3,489  — 

C.  A.  Pamons  4  Co.,  Ltd.    ..      \0,rA6  ■-  — 

Siemens,  Ltd 8,080  4,400  640 

(alternative)        7,7.44  3,548  — 

B'it.  Thoiison  Houston   Co.        8,873  4,009  888 

Willans  &  Robinson,  Ltd.    . .        7.710  10,180  867 

„  (alternative)        7.710  —  869 

8,090  —  — 

8,1f0  —  — 

8,8in  —  — 

British  Westinghouse  C  i.  . .        8,885  4,620  826 

Viokersi  Ltd —  4,460  — 

(alternative)          —  3,832  — 

Brush  Electrical  Co 8,997  —  — 

Ricbardsons,  Westgarih  and 

Co.,  Ltd 8,704  — 

„   (alternative)        8,;430  — 

,                    ..              „              „                   8,700  —  — 

8  304  — 

Fraser  &  Chalmers              . .        8,424  —  — 

„     (alternative)       8,486  —  — 

Wbir.p&  Bmrne         ....            —  —  725 

Electrio  Construction  Co.  ..            —  —  62 

Bertram  Thomas        ....            --  —  517 

Ferranti,  Ltd —  —  827 

Union  Electric  Co —  —  C91 

The  Electric  Light  Committee  recommends  the  acceptance  of  the 
following  tenders  :  — 

General    Electric    Co.,  Ltd.— Two  1.500kw.  turbo-generators  and  rotary 

converters,  £7,<IR0  and  £t,0S0  respejtively. 
Bertram  Thomas.- Switchboard,  £.517  (prov  sionally). 
Davenport  Engineering  Co  —Surface  cjndensing  plant  and  cooling  tower, 

£8,418  and  £2,lh7  respectively. 
Babcock  &  Wilcox,  Ltd.— Bni'er  plant,  £C,147. 

The  Committee  stated  that,  as  would  be  observed,  it  hsid  not 
recommended  the  acceptance  of  the  lowest  tender  in  each  case,  but, 
acting  on  advice,  had  selected  those  firms  whose  machinery  was 
best  suited  to  the  work  of  the  station.  The  recommendations 
were  agreed  to. 

Manchester, — The  Corporation  Tramways  Committee 
has  accepted  the  following  tenders  : —  ' 

R.  Johnson,  Clapbam  &  Morris.  Ltd.,  Manchester.— Block  tin. 
Normanton  &  Son,  Ltd.— Roofing  over  of  the  avenues  at  the  Hyde  Road 

car  works. 
B.I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd. — Tramway  rail  bonds. 
F.  Smith  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Copper  trolley  wire. 
British  Mannesmann  Tube  Co.,  Ltd.— Steel  tramwiiy  poles. 
Naylor  Bros.,  Ltd.— Span  wire  lirackets. 

The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  by  the  Corporation 
Electricity  Committee : — 

Reavell  &  Co  ,  Ltd.— Air-ccmpressing  plant  for  boiler  tube  cleaning. 

W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Work-i,  Ltd.;  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  &  Co., 
Ltd.;  I.R.,  G.P  and  T.  Works  Co..  Ltd.;  and  Charles  Macintosh  and 
Co.,  Ltd  —  Paper-insulated  and  rubber-insulated  cables. 

Morley. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Bedford  A;  Co.  for  1,000  tons  of  pea  slack  for  the  electricity  works. 

Rochdale. — The  Corporation  (las  and  Electricity  Com- 
mittee, on  May  7th,  placed  contracts  for  (50,000  tons  of  coal.  The 
prices  showed  a  very  substantial  increase  over  last  year's  figures, 
when  £2,777  more  was  paid  on  this  account  than  in  the  previous 
year.  On  the  contracts  now  placed  there  is  an  average  advance  of 
just  over  Is.  Id.  per  ton,  or  an  aggregate  increase  of  over  £3,250. 

Rng:by. — The  tender  of  Mr.  S.  ]'.  ]\rarsh,  Rugby,  has 
been  accepted  for  the  electric  light  installation  at  New  Eenpire 
Picture  House,  now  in  course  of  erection  in  Henry  Street. 

Salford, — The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the 

following  tenders : — 

Lancaster  &  Tonge.— Brass  and  gun. metal  castings. 

British  Electric  Transformer  Co.,  Ltd.— Three  compensator  transformers 

for  the  meter  house,  in  connection  with  the  bulk  sui>ply  of  electricity, 

£299  each. 
W.  T.  Glover  &  Co.,  Ltd  — Exlrahigh-tension  cable. 
Bell  Bros.— Crank  cbamb  r  oil.  Is.  'id.  per  ^.illon,  value  £898. 
M.  Wells  &  C  ).,  Manchester.- Turbine  oil,  js.  5d.  per  gallon,  value  £110. 
Stern,  Sonnebirn  Oil  Co.— Blsck  oil,  lid.  per  gallon,  £r>0. 
Bax  'ndale  &  Co. — Wrought-i'on  tubes  and  fittings,  £00. 
]j.  Andrews  A  Co.— Mica,  rubber  gloves,  &c  .  rubber  caps,  £24. 
N.  British  Rubber  Co..  Ltd.—  Rubber  ovemhoes,  2s.  per  pair,  £2. 
Wm.   Geii)el   4   Co  — I.R.    cables  (£200),  twin  Hexible  cable  (£17),  plain 

white  t/ipe  (Is.  63.  per  lb.,  £12). 
W.  T.  Glover  4  Co.,  Lrd  — I.K.  ca'  Ics  (£1  0),  multiple-core  cables  (£300). 
.1ohn  Bassett.— Tin  and  lead  (£1.''>0). 
Albion  C  ay  Co.,  Ltd.— Bci  newaro  conduits,  stoneware  pipes,  calle  pro- 

t!!Ctir<  and  bearers  (£70). 
W.  H.  Keys.— Bitumen  (£4  9s.  0.1.  per  ton,  total  £240). 
W.  T.  Hmley's  Telegraph  Works  Co  ,  Ltd.— Rubber  strip  i7s.  Od.  per  lb.,  H 

£72)  and  black  bitumen  compound  adhesive  tape  (£8).  ^M 

T.  Bart.— Cotton  driving  rope  (£46).  H 

Worcester. — The  City  Council  has  accepted  the  tender  ■ 
of  .MesBis.  Hough  k  Jacobsen,  Birmingham,  at  £273,  for  supplying  9 
to    Hylton    Road  electricity   station   induced-draught   fan,   ductn. 
dampers,  platform,  &c. 


Vol,  72.  No.  1,861,  Mat  16,  1913.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW, 


fc09 


.Shefliehl. — The  City  ('ouiicil^hiiH  iirceitol  Llic  followiiif^ 

tendcrB  : — 

Willftns  A  Roliliison,  Ltd.    Turba-altornator,  fUll.ll'.). 

KtirlinR   Iloilxr  Co..   r.lcl.     Throe   wiitpr  tube   bnilurH,  incclianlral   Htokcis, 

Hiii-iii  lirnfcrM,  I'cionnnUHnrH.  [jlpcwork  and  ollinr  ncioi'HHDrluM,  £vn,WH. 
I inngliottnin  >t  Co.     ti.OOO  lonH  stcnm  roal  for  ilio  elcrtrioity  (lopnrtmont.  , 
lOdnuiiKl  'rHvlnr.-KxorivnlionH.  rt'tniniiiK  wnlla  und  oxtviisloDii  to  waturway 

ut  Nt'opNond  i)<>W(!r  lioiuo  Him,  i'IW,71H. 
Unlti'il  Kli'ctrlii  Cftr  Co  .  r.trl      'Jf)  doiilili^  il'  (ik  top  I'ovored  extended  otnopy 

cur",  t'OllO  per  oar,  plus  S  pur  coiit.  tor  (■(iiiiiiiKL'ncips. 
BiitiHli  'I'liomw  ii-HoiiHlon  c;o..  )jtd.     U(!  K VO  inotois  frr  iibovo  care,  flOB 

CHch  ;  iiUo  13.  IS  C.  oontrollora  (or  ditto,  £ia  l(3i.  each. 

Soath  AfrU'S. — 'I'he  African  IFc^/'W  states  that  (JermiBton 

municipality  huH  now  decided  the  tenders  for  the  raillesB  traction 
system,  the  succensful  contractorH  t>ein(r  :  — 

Hubert  Davlon  A   Co      10   CodosStoll    cars,    Xll,4G0 ;    overhead    fittings, 

i' 1,828:  and  polcH,  i;(i,899. 
Connookn  S.A.  Motor  Oariitje  —Tower  waitrn,  £875. 
Telegraph  ManufacturinK  Co.  iColontall,  Ltd.— Electric  inainH,  £1,00. 
H.  Bykcs  &  Oo.-  Mctor  converters,  jC!),'272;  and  spare  stntor,  £460. 

All  are  Johannesburjj  firms. 

Tunbridire  Wells. — The  following'  tenders  have  been 
accepted  by  tho  T.C.  for  an  annual  supply  of  coal  to  the  Elec- 
tricity Department : — 

Myers,  Ro8o  &  Co.— Bwlfa  largo,  2Cs.  2d.  per  ton. 

Main  Cclliery  Co.,  Ltd.— Dynevor  Dnffryn,  358.  8d. 

Harris,  Hardinan  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Sonth  Hetton,  198.  ii. 

Wm.  Cory  &  Sons,  Ltd.— Shirebrook  nutly  slack,  IKs.  7d. 

Walsall. — The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  by 
the  T.C.  :— 

E.  (ireen  &  Son.— Economist r,  £C23. 

Cttllender's  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. — layine  alternating  current  main,  £601. 

British  Wcstinghouse  Co.,  Ltd.  — Rub  station  equii^ment,  £lt7. 

JohKiion  &  Phillips,  Ltd.-  Ditto,  £16  lOs. 

Walsall  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd. — Overhead  telephone  wiies,  £U. 

Winchester. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Mes.srs.  Wise  &  Lansdell,  Ltd.,  for  the  erection  of  new  offices  and 
btores  at  the  electricity  works,  at  £1,697. 

Vorh, — The  T.O.,  on  May  9th,  accepted  the  tender  of 
Callender's  Cable  and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  high-tension  cables, 
at  1:2,137  ;  and  that  of  the  Brush  Electiical  Ergineeiicg  Co.,  Ltd., 
for  four  tramway  cars,  at  £2,960, 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


Physical  Society.— Friday,  May  16ih.  At  8  p.m.  At  the  Imperial  College 
of  Sciente,  South  Kentington,  S  W.  Paper  on  "Some  E.xperiments  to 
Detect  /jrays  from  Radium  A,"  by  Drs.  W.  Makower  and  8.  Buss. 

Junior  Institution  of  Engineers.— Friday,  May  16th.  At  39,  Victoria  Street, 
8.W  Discussion  en  "Electrical  Propulsion  of  Ships,"  introduced  by  Mr. 
W.  P.  Durtnall. 

Wednesday,  May  21st.  At  8  p.m.  At  the  I.E.E.  Paper  on  "Heat 
Arcumulators  and  their  Ute  in  E.thaust  Steam  Turbine  Plants,"  by  Mr.  A. 
Alison. 

Friday,  May  23. d.  At  89,  Victoria  Street.  S.W.  Discussion  on  "The 
flrgani'ation  of  ai;i  Engineers'  Employment  Bureau,"  intrcduced  by  Mr. 
S.  M.  Hills. 

Way.lth.    At  3  pm.    Visit  the  King  Geo) ge  reservoir  at  Chingford. 

Institution   of   Electrical    Engineers   iNewcastle   Students'   Section).— 

Moi)d«y,  May  liilh.     At7.bOp.m.     At  Aimstrong  College.     Annual  general 
meeting. 

May  20th— 24th.     Visit  to  Paris. 

Royal  Society.— Thursday,  May  22nd,  Annual  Bakeiian  Lecture,  by  Sir  J. 
Thomson,  F.R.S. 


At  4,30  p.m.    Annual  g(  neral 


Concrete  Institute.— Thursday,  May  22nd. 
meeting.    At  8  p.m.    Annual  dinner. 

Boyal  Institution  of   Great  Britain.— Friday,   May  23rd.     At  9  p  m.     Dis- 
course en  "The  Seciet  of  the  Peimantnt  Magnet.  I^y  Prof.  S.  P.  Thompson. 
Satuidny.  May  24th.     At  3  p.m.     Lectn>e  on  "  Radicaciivity  :  the  Alpha 
Rays    and    their    Connection    with    the    Transformations,"    by    Prof.    E. 
Rutherford. 


THE 


ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 
(LONDON    DIVISION). 


i 


Commanding  GfBoer — Lieut.-Col.  H,  M,  Leaf. 
The  following  orders  have  been  issued  for  the  current  week : — 

Monday,  May  19th.— "A"  Compary.  Infantry  drill,  7  to  9  p  m.;  technical 
iustructirn  for  all  membeis  on  the  6th  rate,  and  for  ail  candidates  fir 
higher  rating,  7  to  9  p  m. ;  mutketry  instiucticn,  9  to  10  p  m. 

Tuesday,  May  2Cth. — "  B  "  Company.    As  for  "A"  Ccmpany. 

Wednesday,  May  21st.— All  Companies.  Annual  course  of  musketry  at 
Puifleet  rifle  ranges.  Railway  tickets  will  be  sent  to  those  notifying 
headquarters  of  their  intention  to  attend. 

Thursday,  May  22nd.—"  C  "  Company.    As  for  "  A  "  Con  pany. 

Friday,  May  iSrd.— "  D"  Company.    Ditto. 

Saturday,  May  24th.— Headquarters  will  be  opened  for  regimental  butiness 
from  10  a.m.  to  12  noon. 


NOTES. 


Wanted  —  .Six    llunilreti    I'oiindH. — Ourlirca/lf^rs  urc 

already  luvaro  that  ut  the  itriniial  feHtivul  dinner  Mr.  K.  O.  Byn|r 
od'eretl  to  give  £10(i  to  the  fiindH  of  the  Kl^.-trical  'IrivN^  I{<-nevo- 
leut  Iristittition,  if  nine  other  firniH  or  gentlemen  would  do  the  Httrne 
within  three  months  from  April  Ifith.  The  £100  which  Mr.  Hott«n 
had  already  giv(!n  was  to  be  et  tinted  us  one  of  the  nine  .  Mr.  H. 
Hirst,  through  Mr.  Hutton,  i>romiHed  a  like  amount;  and  Mr. 
(jarcko's  promise  brings  tho  total  up  to  £100  out  of  the  rojaired 
£1.000. 

It  has  been  thought  that  some  of  our  generoDsly  diiiposed  readers 
would  bo  willing  to  follow  tho  splendid  example  set  by  theM 
gentlemen  and  enmre  that  tho  conditional  olfers  ore  fulfilled  by 
making  or  inllucncing  six  other  offers.  Wo  hope  that  in  lat«r 
issues  it  will  be  posbible.for  us  to  fill  names  into  the  six  fipacea  now 
standing  vacant  below  : 


1 

Mr.  E.  G.  Byng            

£100 

2 

Mr.  G.  Sutton 

£100 

3 

Mr.  H.  Hirst     

*iog 

1 

Mr.  E.  Garcke 

£100 

5 

* 

6 

* 



* 

i 

8 

« 

9 

* 

10 

* 

(Signed) 


P.  H.  Campbell,  Capt.  R.E.,  and  Adjt. 

For  OeSoec  commanding  li,B,B, 


Walking;  Race. — We  are  informed  that  the  second 
annual  London  to  Southend-on-Sea  41,'  miles  Amateur  Walking 
Race,  promoted  by  the  Hackney  Walking  Club,  a  club  which  was 
formed  as  a  result  of  the  Electrical  Trades  London  to  Brighton 
Walking  Race  in  1911,  took  place  on  Whit  .Monday,  and  was  the 
means  of  bringing  to  light  two  excellent  novice  walkers  in  S.  C. 
Haynes,  of  the  Aesociated  Fire  Alarms,  Ltd  ,  and  C.  H.  Malivoire, 
of  the  Crypto  Electrical  Co.,  who  finished  first  and  second  respec- 
tively. The  event,  for  which  no  entrance  fee  was  charged,  was 
most  interesting  throughout,  for  the  first  three  positions  were  ever 
in  doubt  right  to  the  finish,  so  cloee  together  at  times  were  the 
leading  men.  Eight  entered,  six  started,  and  five  finished,  Swann, 
of  Southend,  retirirg  at  20  miles,  suffering  with  cramp  in  the  legs. 
Result  :— S.  C.  Haynes  (Associated  Fire  Alarms,  Ltd.),  7  hr.  54  min. 
9  sec,  first ;  C.  H.  Malivoire  (Crypto  Electrical  Co.),  7  hr.  57  min. 
16  sec,  second  ;  J.  H.  Williamson  (Manchester),  7  hr.  59  min.  25  sec., 
third  ;  A.  Weston  (Clapton),  8  hr.  56  min.  50  sec,  fourth  ;  W.  J. 
Spayne  (Upper  Tooting),  9  hr.  22  min.  6  sec,  fifth.  The  record  for 
the  course  (6  hr.  47  min.  37^  sec.)  is  held  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Edwards, 
late  of  the  May-Oatway  Fire  Appliances,  Ltd.  It  is  probable  that  a 
Londcn  to  Brighten,  or  100  kilometres  race,  may  be  held  in 
September. 

Copper. — Messrs.  Merton's  circular  giving  statistics  for 
April  rioth  shows  further  reductions  in  visible  supplies  during  the 
month.  English  stocks  are  less  by  763  tons.  French  stocks  are 
Ifss  by  311  tons.  Stocks  in  England  and  France,  and  afloat  from 
Chile  and  Australia,  stand  at  3n,437  tone,  a  reduction  of  1,824  tons 
on  the  quantity  for  Blarch  31st. 

Total  European  stocks,  including  Rotterdam.  Hamburg  and 
Bremen,  and  estimated  stocks  in  other  European  ports  stand  at 
45,828  tons,  a  reduction  of  !  746  tons  on  the  quantity  for  end  of 
March.  European  arrivals  from  Ncrlh  America  were  considerable 
at  33,628  tons,  the  average  being  27,600.  Spain  and  Portugal  to 
England  and  France  were  low  ;  to  other  countries  average.  Chile 
shipments  were  average,  Australian  low  at  2,9£0  tons  (average  for 
past  12  months  3,7il(»  tons).  Deliveries,  at  45,932  tons,  are  fairly 
hijjh,  the  two  preceding  Aprils  showing  43 unu  and  39,(iUt)  tons. 

American  stocks  for  the  end  of  March  were  46,55o  tons,  or  8,050 
tons  lower  than  on  February  28th.  The  world's  visible  supply  on 
the  same  date  was  91,624  tons,  a  reduction  of  7,649  tons  on  the 
quantity  for  February  28th. 

Returns  made  by  the  American  Copper  Producers'  Association, 
quoted  by  the  Thiicx  of  9th  inst.,  show  a  decrease  in  stocks  dnring 
April  of  12,801 1  tons,  the  largest  decrease  for  any  month  since 
January,  191ii,  when  thedrop  was  11'. dun  tons.  The  total  deliveries 
during  April  were  73,ihiii  tons,  the  largest  recorded.  Of  these,  home 
conscmers  took  35,oii(i  ton.».  and  export  38,oiiip.  The  production 
during  April  amounted  to  6ii,iiii(i  tons,  lefs  than  in  Jlarch,  when  it 
was  6(i,}voii  tons. 

Commenting  on  the  general  situation,  a  writer  in  the  Fnuincier 
of  May  9th  points  out  that  the  statistical  position,  combining  with 
a  more  favourable  situation  in  Europe,  is  in  favour  of  higher  prices. 
The  same  article  refers  to  a  combination  formed  to  maintain  the 
price  of  iron,  and  says  that  a  "somewhat  similar  combination  has 
taken  place  with  regard  to  copper. "  The  buyer,  however,  is  ham- 
pered by  dear  money.  The  general  conclusion  is  that,  however  the 
various  adverse  conditions  on  this  side  may  affect  commercial  con- 
cerns, the  political  atmosphere  in  the  States  should  continue  to 
improve,  and  with  it  activity  in  industries.  Naturally,  as  the 
largest  copper  producer,  America  must  strongly  ii  fluence  the 
market. 

Electricity  in  the  t.!*.  Xavy. — The  Navy  Department 

has  recently  established  an  electrical  school  at  the  Navy  Yard  at 
Brooklyn  for  the  training  of  marines  for  electrical  work.  It  is 
estimated  that  in  a  crew  of  one  thousand  men  on  a  modern  war 
vessel  over  40  skilled  electricians  will  Ui  found. 


810 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  72.  No.  i.ssi,  mat  le,  ms] 


Parliaiuentary.  —  Metropolitan  Electric  Tram- 
ways (Railless  Tbaction)  Bill.— Sir  Ivor  Herbert's  Select 
Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  has  found  the  preamble  of 
the  above  BQl  proved  ;  the  Bill  gives  the  company  power  to  esta- 
blish a  system  of  railless  traction  from  Finsbnry  Park,  eastward 
throQ(rh  Tottenham  to  a  janction  with  the  Walthamstow  tramway 
system,  and  also  contains  clauses  for  the  sale  or  transfer  of  the 
undertakinpr  to  the  Middlesex  County  Council,  which  is  the  tram- 
way authority  for  the  county.  The  chief  opposition  came  from 
the  Lea  Navigation  Conservancy  Board,  in  regard  to  the  bridge 
over  the  Lea  at  Tottenham,  but  matters  were  adjusted  between 
the  parties. 

In  the  House  of  Commons,  on  May  6th,  the  Korthern  Counties 
Electricity  Supply  Bill  was  read  a  third  time,  and  in  the  House 
of  Lords,  on  May  .^th,  the  following  BilLs  passed  third  reading  : — 
Wimbledon  and  Sutton  Railway  Bill,  London  Electric  Railway  Bill, 
the  Metropolitan  District  Railway  Bill,  and  the  Porthcawl  and 
District  Gas  and  Electricity  Bill. 

Accident— John  stead,  of  Halliwell  Street,  Milnrow, 
was  engaged  in  repairing  an  electric  wire  at  the  premises  of  the 
Milnrow  Spinning  Co.,  when  a  pair  of  pliers  fell  on  to  the  wires. 
The  flare  caught  Stead  in  the  face  and  burned  him  badly  abont  the 
eyes.  After  being  treated  by  a  me(fical  man  he  was  removed  to  the 
Rochdale  Infirmary  and  detained 

What  Canadian  Corresjtondents  think  of  Canada. 

— A  young  man  (non-electrical)  who  went  out  to  Canada  some  10 
years  ago  and  has  had  to  rough  it.  experiencing  serious  privation, 
in  a  brief  personal  note  writes  from  Alberta  : — '■  Am  glad  to  hear 
that  ....  has  emigrated  to  this  part  of  the  world,  for  this 
is  certainly  some  country.  1  came  to  ...  .  first  in  1910, 
when  there  was  but  one  house  here  and  that  a  log  building.  To- 
day there  are  over  2,000  inhabitants,  all  fairly  prosperous.  We 
have  a  large  stone  school-house,  two  banks,  two  hotels,  a  news- 
paper, a  town  hall,  a  fire  brigade,  four  churches,  a  "co-op.,"  and 
one  policeman.  I  will  send  you  a  copy  of  our  local  paper  to  make 
you  laugh.  The  ridiculous  items,  the  dogmatic  tone  of  the  leaders, 
the  misspells,  are  common  to  every  paper  in  the  country,  and  yet 
each  person  seems  to  have  had  a  fair  education.  Art  and  literature 
are  at  a  discount,  but  science  is  at  a  premium.  The  kids  play  with 
miniature  aeroplanes,  wireless  telegraphs,  motors,  internal  com- 
bustion engines,  .kc.  ;  the  toys  we  used  to  play  with — hoops,  tops 
and  marbles — are  quite  unknown." 

A  friend,  who  went  over  from  British  electrical  engineering 
work  to  one  of  the  leading  cities  of  Canada  some  three  years  ago, 
delivers  himself  thus  : — 

"  I  am  still  not  'enamoured  of  this  country,  and  would  fain 
return  to  dear  old  England  if  a  chance  should  arise.  Do  you  think 
that  any  home  firms  doing,  or  desirous  of  doing,  bus-iness  with 
Canada,  would  have  any  opening  at  home  for  a  man  with  Canadian 
experience,  a  knowledge  of  Canadian  ways,  methods  and  character  .' 
Beyond  the  mere  fact  that  I  earn  my  living  here,  there  is  nothing 
which  tempts  me  to  stay — perhaps  both  my  wife  and  I  are  too  fond 
of  the  Old  World  to  settle  down  here  well :  we  are  fond  of  historical 
scenes  and  old  associations  which  have  no  existence  here  ;  besides, 
there  are  few  people  here  who  have  any  ideas  at  all  beyond  making 
money.  A  knowledge  and  love  of  music,  painting,  sculpture, 
literature,  kc,  are  very  rare  indeed,  and  few  people  can  talk  about 
anything  except  their  own  '  shop.'  " 

Another  correspondent,  who  went  out  to  Canada  from  England 
five  years  ago,  after  many  years'  experience  with  municipal  elec- 
trical and  tramway  systems  as  charge  engineer,  installation 
inspector,  &c.,  as  well  as  in  machine  shops,  both  in  electrical  and 
general  mechanical  engineering,  writes  from  Alberta  : — 

"  I  never,  in  all  that  time,  sought  association  with  the  Institu- 
tion of  Electrical  Engineers,  as  I  found  so  many  fellows  with 
scarcely  knowledge  enough  to  put  up  a  ceiling  rose,  pluming  them- 
selves with  A.I.E.E.  on  their  visiting  cards,  and  I  got  disgusted  at 
the  farce  of  it  all,  particularly  as  I  found  other  men  whose 
experience  and  learning  made  them  stand  high  in  their  profession, 
little  caring  whether  they  were  known  as  M.I.E.E.'s  or  not.  How- 
ever, five  years  in  Canada  has  changed  all  that,  for  out  here,  where 
brains  and  learning  are  at  a  discount,  and  the  biggest  blnfifer  gets 
the  most  pay,  I  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  only  way 
to  make  headway  is  to  cram  your  abilities  down  people's  throats, 
and  make  them  see  that  you  are  '  Someone  great.'  I  have  had 
ijuite  a  few  jobs  since  I  came  out  here,  and  .seen  examples  of 
fle<jtrical  work  that  would  make  your  hair  stand  on  end,  yet  the 
salaries  paid  to  the  men  that  did  them  would  make  many  a  '  chief's  ' 
mouth  water 

"  As  this  place  develops  they  will  want  a  lighting  scheme  laid 
out  for  the  town,  and  a  tramway  system  when  the  place  grows  to 
warrant  it,  besides  large  mining  plant.  1  have  built  a  little 
office,  and  am  selling  farm  machinery  and  doing  repairs,  while  I 
hold  my  .320-acre  farm  eight  miles  away.  It's  pretty  hard  work, 
bat  I  hope  the  reward  is  coming,  and  if  I  can  just  have  the 
A.M.I. E.E.  as  a  bit  of  extra  weight  at  the  end  of  my  club,  I  believe 
I  can  drive  it  into  the  heads  of  some  of  those  ignorant  financiers 
that  there's  a  man  on  the  spot  capable  of  doing  the  work  as  well  as.  if 
not  better  than,  anybody  they  can  get  from  Montreal  or  New  York. 

"With  good  wishes  for  the  continued  success  of  the  ELECTBirAi, 
Review. 

Another  correspondent  (also  non-elertrical)  writing  from 
Vanoonver  eight  months  after  his  arrival,  says  :  — 

"After  eight  months  you  can  imagine  me  an  quite  an  old 
timer,  long  enough  out  to  feel  quite  at  home,  and  imbued  with 
the  infeotious  optimism  that  surely  permeates  and  enters  into  the 
heart  of  the  man  who  steps  out  of  the  more  confined  atmosphere, 
into  a  Land  of  Promise.     It  is  a  thing  that  I  have  never  ceased  to 


wonder  at,  the  spirit  of  hope  that  prevails,  a  man  will  quit  his  job, 
be  absolutely  '  up  against  it,'  and  yet  look  smiling  ;  he  may  be 
sweeping  roads  one  day,  a  dry-goods  clerk  the  next,  and  getting 
tired  of  that,  try  his  hand  at  farming  ;  and  so  the  glorious 
uncertainty  goes  on,  ending,  perhaps,  by  his  '  striking  good,'  and 
earning  enough  to  take  a  trip  home  to  the  Old  Country  :  returning, 
of  course,  to  start  the  same  experience  all  over  again. 

"  For  my  own  part,  having  a  definite  end  in  view,  I  am  running  no 

such  risks,  but  holding  to  my  present  situation  with  the .  They 

are  a  fine  firm,  and  treat  me  well ;  and  I  hope  to  gain  the  neces- 
sary experience  from  them  to  enable  me,  when  I  can  manage  it, 
to  strike  out  on  my  own  account. 

"  Like  most  '  green  ones  '  just  out,  I  was  tempted  to  buy  a  small 
portion  of  B.C.  (33  X  120),  but,  so  far,  have  not  been  able  to  sell 
again,  yet  sharing  the  everlasting  hope  of  all  others  who  dabble  in 
Real  Estate,  hope  to  realise  at  an  unheard-of  profit,  and  live  happily 
ever  afterwards. 

"  The  short  time  that  I  have  been  here  has  been  a  busy  time  as 
regards  the  building  that  is  going  on  in  and  around  Vancouver  ; 
the  place  is  growing  at  a  remarkable  pace.  The  B.C.  Electric  Rail- 
way, who  own  the  tram  system,  are  extending  in  every  available 
direction.  They  have  the  '  Pay-as-you-enter '  system,  but  the 
overcrowding  at  certain  times  of  the  day  is  a  sight  for  the  gods. 
As  long  as  you  can  get  at  least  one  foot  on,  or  hang  on  at  the  back, 
you  may  ride. 

"  From  the  door  of  my  little  bungalow  I  have  a  grand  view  of 
the  mountains,  snow-topped,  and  every  morning  on  my  way  to 
work  I  have  only  to  '  look  up  '  to  receive  an  inspiration. 

"  We  Englishmen  out  here  have  to  drop  the  Old  Country  way  of 
talking  to  a  great  extent,  and  it  is  a  case  of  coming  to  Rome  and 
doing  as  Rome  does.  The  average  Canadian  has  no  love  for  the 
man  from  England  unless  he  is  prepared  to  be  as  'one  of  them,' 
and  I  must  say,  without  conceit,  they  have  treated  me  very  kindly 
and  will  always  do  so  as  long  as  I  let  the  impression  remain  in 
their  minds  that  '  England  belongs  to  Canada  ;  and  not  Canada 
to  England  '  " 

Institution    and    lecture    Not«*s. — Institution   ok 

Electrical  Engineers. — The  Council  has  awarded  two  Salomons 
Scholarships  of  the  value  of  £50  each,  one  to  Mr.  Grahame  George 
Dawson,  of  University  College,  Londrn  :  and  one  to  Mr.  Robert 
Burleigh,  of  the  City  and  Guilds  (Engineering)  College,  South 
Kensington  ;  and  a  David  Hughes  Scholarship  of  the  value  of  f.'iO 
to  Mr.  John  Harsant  Lee,  of  King's  College,  London. 

The  Institution  Premium,  value  ■t2.'i,  has  been  awarded  to  Mr 
A.  E.  Hadley,  for  his  paper,  "Power  Supply  on  the  Rand"  ;  the 
Ayrton  Premium,  value  £10,  to  Mr.  F.  H.  Whysall,  for  his  paper, 
"The  Use  of  a  Large  Lighting  Battery  in  connection  with  Central 
Station  Supply";  the  Fahie  Premium,  value  £10,  to  Mr.  A.  J. 
Aldridge.  for  his  paper,  "  Practical  Application  of  Telephone  Trans- 
mission Calculations  "  ;  the  John  Hopkineon  Premium,  value  £10, 
to  Dr.  E.  Rosenberg,  for  his  paper,  "  Self-Synchronising  Machines  '  : 
the  Kelvin  Premium,  value  for  this  year  £21,  to  Messrs.  C.  C. 
Paterson,  E.  H.  Rayner  and  A.  Kinnes,  for  their  paper  on  "The 
Use  of  the  Electrostatic  System  for  the  Measurement  of  Power  "  ; 
the  Paris  Premium,  value  £10,  to  Mr.  J.  S.  Peck,  for  his  paper, 
"  Earthed  c.  Unearthed  Neutrals  on  Alternating-current  Systems  "  ; 
an  Extra  Premium,  value  £10,  to  Mr.  M.  Solomon,  for  his  paper, 
"  Yellow  Flame  Arcs  "  ;  and  an  Extra  Premium,  value  £5,  to  Dr. 
A.  C.  Michie,  for  his  paper,  "  The  Formation  of  Deposits  in  Oil- 
cooled  Transformers." 

Students'  Premiums,  value  £10  each,  have  been  awarded  to 
Mr.  H.  R.  Constantine  and  to  Mr.  J.  Hacking  ;  and  £6  each,  to 
Messrs.  C.  H.  Goulden,  S.  N.  C.  K,  Whitehead,  P.  Grice  and  A.  T. 
Robertson. 

On  Friday,  May  30th,  at  8.30  p.m.,  or  immediately  after  the 
conclusion  of  the  annual  general  meeting,  called  for  8  p.m.,  a  paper 
on  "  Practical  Application  of  Telephone  Transmission  Calculations," 
is  to  be  read  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Aldridge. 

VicTOBiAN  Institute  ok  Klectkical  EN(;INEER(^. — The 
report  of  this  Australian  Society  for  the  1912  session  shows  satis- 
factory progress.  Seven  papers  were  read  on  various  subjects,  in- 
cluding the  licensing  of  wiremen,  storage  battery  practice,  electrical 
cooking  and  heating,  the  Diesel  engine,  and  so  on.  A  premium  of 
five  guineas  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Victor  Nightingall  for  his  paper 
on  "  Electric  Cooking  and  Heating."  There  is  a  balance  of  A!  148 
in  hand. 

The  question  of  amalgamation  with  the  New  South  Wales 
Association  was  referred  to  by  the  president  of  the  Victorian  Insti- 
tute at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  latter  body  at  Melbourne.  Mr. 
J.  H.  T.  Brearley,  in  reviewing  the  year's  work,  said  there  was  now 
a  large  section  of  the  New  South  Wales  Association  desirous  of 
bringing  about  amalgamation  and  the  formation  of  an  Australian 
Institute.  The  annual  report  stated  that  the  membership  of  the 
Institute  was  now  16.5.  Mr.  W.  J,  Newbigin  was  elected  president 
for  1913  ;  Prof.  Payne  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Alabaster  were  appointed 
vice-presidents  ;  Mr.  A.  E.  Pepper  was  chosen  as  honorary 
treasurer. 

LivEKPooL  AND  Distbict  Amatedr  Wibeless  Assuciatkjn. 
— The  usual  fortnightly  meeting  of  this  Association  was  held  at  the 
Creamery  Caf^,  56,  Whitechapel,  on  May  8th.  We  are  informed 
that  there  was  a  crowded  attendance,  and  a  number  of  new 
members  were  nominated.  The  meeting  was  a  free  and  easy  one  ; 
the  members  had  been  invited  to  bring  some  pieces  of  apparatus 
for  exhibition  and  discussion,  and  this  request  was  well  responded 
to,  making  a  very  interesting  display.  There  was  also  Morse  code 
practice,  elementary  and  advanced.  The  next  meeting  will  be  held 
at  the  same  Caf6,  on  Thursday,  May  22nd,  at  8  p.m.  Communica- 
tions to  Mr.  Samuel  Frith,  6,  Cambridge  Road,  Crosby,  Liverpool, 
the  hon,  secretary. 


Vol.  7a.    No.  1,861,  May  ir,,  I9i:il 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


811 


Tramways  and  Lhiiit  Uaii.ways  Akh<)(WATI(>n.  Thn  Con- 
(frenH  of  thiH  AHHOoiation  takes  place  at  Hliickpool  on  .limii  12th 
anil  i;{th.  The  paperH  nnnotincvd  are  :  — "  I'oHMibilitieH  for  IncreaRint; 
Profits  on  Interurban  Linen,"  by  Mr.  K.  II.  KdwarduH  ;  "  Tramways— o 
Jii'mimo,"  by  Mr.  F.  Rland  ;  "  RaillesH  Troction  ond  Motor-'BiifleH," 
by  Mr.  H.  England;  "Standard  lluloB  for  Motormon  and  Con- 
duotoro,"  by  Mr.  A.  V.  MaHon. 

Royal  iNsriTirnoN.  — On  Saturday,  May  2Uh,  I'rof.  Ruther- 
ford commences  aoourseof  three  lectures  on  '"  Radiooctivity  "  ;  — (1) 
"The  Alpha  Rays;"  (2)  "The  Origin  of  the  Beta  and  Gamma 
Rays  ;  "  (It)  "  The  Radioactive  State  of  the  Kurth  and  Atmosphere." 
The  Friday  evoninff  discourse  on  May  23rd  will  be  delivered  by 
Prof.  8.  P.  Thompson,  on  "The  Secret  of  the  Permanent 
Maprnet." 

TiiK  CoNCHETi-:  Inktiiuik  — A  paper  by  Mr.  Harold  Cane, 
entitled  "The  Stability  of  Brick  Chimnoys,"  was  read  at  the  meet- 
inn  on  May  Sth.  The  annual  general  nieetintf  of  the  Institute  will 
take  place  on  May  22nd 

Appointments  Vacant. — Assistant  station  superintcn- 
tendent  at  Edinburijh  (£200)  ;  switchboard  attendant  for  Hray 
V.D.C.  (208.)  :  electrician,  for  Abertillery  U.D.C  :  electrical  enfjineer 
(£120  +),  and  electrician  attendant  (£40  H  ),  for  the  County 
Asylum,  Rainhill,  near  Liverpool ;  manai^er,  for  the  Redditch  elec- 
tricity works  (£300).     See  our  advertisement  pages  to-day. 

The    [Vational    Physical    Laboratory.— The    annual 

meeting  of  the  general  board  of  the  National  Physical  Laboratory 
was  held  recently  at  the  rooms  of  the  Royal  Society,  when  the 
report  and  accounts  for  the  year  1912  and  the  statement  of  work 
for  1913  were  presented  and  approved  for  transmission  to  the 
President  and  Council  of  the  Royal  Society.  In  former  years  this 
meeting  has  usually  been  held  at  Teddiogton  during  the  month  of 
March,  and  has  been  combined  with  an  inspection  of  the  Laboratory 
by  the  members  of  the  board.  In  consequence  of  a  change  in  the 
financial  year,  the  annual  inspection  will  in  future  be  held  at  a 
later  date.  This  year  it  is  to  take  place  on  Thursday,  ,Iune  26th, 
when  the  Right  Hon.  A.  J.  Balfour  will  open  the  new  buildings 
recently  erected. 

These  buildings  complete  a  scheme  initiated  in  19* i9  to  provide 
laboratories  for  metallurgy  and  optics,  with  administrative  offices, 
at  an  estimated  cost  of  £3o,(i0(i,  exclusive  of  equipment ;  of  this 
sum  the  Treasury  undertook  to  provide  £!.">, nito  provided  the 
remainder  were  forthcoming  from  other  sources.  In  lido  the  late 
Sir  Julius  Wernher  generously  presented  *i  lo,()(iii  for  the  erection  of 
the  metallurgy  laboratory,  and  on  learning  lately  that  the  actual 
cost  had  exceeded  the  sum  available  by  £9;i(),  Lady  Wernher  kindly 
defrayed  the  deficit. 

To  secure  the  further  sum  necessary  for  the  completion  of  the 
scheme,  and  to  obtain  funds  for  the  equipment  of  the  buildings, 
an  "Additional  Funds  Committee,"  of  which  the  late  Sir  William 
White  was  chairman,  was  appointed  during  1912.  In  its  report 
this  Committee  states  that  the  Royal  Commissioners  for  the 
Exhibition  of  1851  generously  gave  a  donation  of  £5,000  to  the 
building  fund,  thus  completing  with  the  gift  from  Sir  Julius 
Wernher  the  £15,000  required  to  meet  the  Treasury  grant. 

General  help  towards  the  equipment  has  been  received  from  many 
sources,  including  a  number  of  the  city  companies.  The  Com- 
mittee, however,  points  out  that  considerable  sums  are  still  neces- 
iary  to  provide  adequately  the  equipment  which  is  essential  for  the 
proper  development  of  the  work. 

The  Report  of  the  Laboratory  for  the  year  1912  contains  as 
usual  matter  of  great  technical  interest,  with  which  we  hope  to 
deal  on  a  future  occasion. 

Water-Tube  Boilers  in    Canada. — In  the  last  few 

years  some  of  the  leading  firms  of  boiler  makers  in  the  Dominion 
have  turned  their  attention  to  the  manufacture  of  water-tube  boilers, 
chiefly  of  the  Heine,  Atlas  and  similar  types  with  water  legs  built 
up  of  wrought-steel  plates  and  stays.  Recognising  the  increasing 
demand  for  the  sectional  type  and  the  numerous  inquiries 
received  for  this  pattern,  a  large  and  well-established  firm 
in  Western  Ontario  has  entered  the  field  with  a  boiler  some- 
what similar  to  the  "  Continental "  type,  as  described  in  our 
issue  of  November  6th,  1908,  but  with  this  difference,  that  the 
forged-steel  headers  are  made  either  with  internal  hand-hole 
plates  or  with  the  hand-holes  flanged  outwards,  to  suit  the 
requirements  of  any  particular  customer,  and  the  cross  box  is 
forged  solid  out  of  a  steel  plate  instead  of  being  riveted  together. 
To  carry  out  this  work,  new  plant  was  installed,  a  large  and 
powerful  hydraulic  press  being  purchased  in  the  United  States,  but 
the  supplementary  hydraulic  machinery  and  other  special  appliances 
have  been  made  by  the  firm  in  their  engine  works.  The  general 
design  of  the  plant  and  details  of  the  header-making  and  other 
machinery  were  prepared  by  Mr.  A.  Vennirg,  late  of  the  Water-Tube 
Boiler  Co.,  London,  who  is  at  present  residing  in  Preston,  Ontario. 
We  understand  that  other  firms  abroad  are  also  considering  the 
manufacture  of  this  pattern  of  boiler,  recognising  the  superiority  of 
its  design  and  working  qualities. 

The    "  Yorke "    Wiring     System. —  Many    of    the 

principal  castles  and  country  houses  of  Scotland,  and  not  a  few 
further  south,  are  fitted  with  electric  light  on  a  system  peculiar  to 
the  contractor  who  installed  it,  some  10  to  15  years  ago — the  late 
Mr.  R.  F.  Yorke,  of  Glasgow  and  Stirling. 

All  of  them — about  50  altogether — are  run  either  by  water- 
power  or  by  an  oil  engine.  The  plant  as  a  whole  does  not  call  for 
particular  notice,  though  in  most  cases  it  has  points  seldom  met 
with  nowadays.  For  instance,  where  oil  engines  are  used  they  are 
started   by   motoring   the   dynamo  ;  and   the   battery  is  generallf 


fixed  up  at  thn  hoiine,  a'A'ay  from  the  plant,  two  F<wit<:hkx>ar<ln  bcinif 
used.  More  diiitinctivo  wan  the  practice  Mr  Yorki:  unually  »ilop(«(l 
of  charging  thn  two  halveH  of  the  battry  in  parallel,  and  dli- 
charging  it  iti  HnricH.  The  rnHultoiit  working  preimaro  appcari  to 
have  been  rather  a  matter  of  chance,  60,  75  and  80  being  the 
voltages  moHt  usual. 

ft  iH,  however,  hin  wiring  HyMtem  which  prJitentii  the  mo»t 
unuHual  and  intorcnting  featuren.  Hriflly.  it  rnay  be  "•onuderwi  a* 
a  cliimKy  but  (|uito  clVr'ctive  forerunner  of  modern  m^tal-dhi-athed 
Ringle-wire  HystemH,  inatmuch  aH  itH  chi«-f  feature  wax  an  earthed 
return,  w'thout  the  complicated  special  fittingM  and  »witchgear 
which  at  that  date  formed  eHfential  partn  of  all  concentric 
systems.  It  wbm  simplinity  itself,  consisting  of  a  single  inaolatcd 
wire  or  cable  of  suitable  capacity  run  throughout  in  compo  tubing. 
Each  length  of  tubing  was  carefully  iV)ldered  to  the  next,  ho  as  to 
ensure  perfect  electrical  continuity.  But  it  was  not  entirely  relied 
upon  for  the  earthed  return,  being  supplemented  by  a  bare  copper 
wire,  run  sometimes  inside  and  Homet'ines  outside  the  tubing.  Thi» 
copper  wire  was,  as  a  rule,  single  and  smaller  than  the  ineulatcd 
conductor,  the  compo  tube  being  supposed  to  make  up  the  differ- 
ence in  current  carrying  capacity  of  the  two.  It  was  connected  at 
suitable  points — such  as  behind  funeboards — to  an  earthplate.  to 
which  the  compo  was  also  soldered,  and  served  as  a  convenient 
means  of  connecting  up  to  the  earthed  terminals  of  switches  and 
fittings,  which  were  standard  throughout. 

The  net  result  was  a  simple  and  efficient  installation,  cheaply 
erected  and  durable  ;  its  only  disadvantages,  as  compared  with 
modern  systems,  were  a  certain  clumsiness  and  poor  mechanical 
protection.  The  tubing,  too,  being  of  compo,  would  be  liable  to 
melt  should  arcing  be  set  up  as  the  result  of  a  fault  on  the  inner  con- 
ductor, and  might  thus  be  a  source  of  fire  danger  under  certain 
conditions.  Developed,  however,  in  accordance  with  modern 
experience,  it  certainly  has  in  it  the  basis  of  an  idea!  system  for  the 
class  of  work  for  which  it  was  designed. — H.  R.  T. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

Iks  Edi*ors  invite  electrical  engineer*,  whether  connected  with  th« 
technical  or  the  commercial  side  of  the  profesition  and  indwitry, 
also  electric  tramway  and  railway  officials,  to  heep  readers  of  the 
Electrical  Review  posted  as  to  their  nwvevients. 


Central  Station  Official.s. — Mr.  Page  having  obtained 
another  appointment,  the  Worcester  Corporation  was  recommended 
by  its  electrical  engineer  to  promote  the  other  members  of  the  staff 
with  the  following  salaries  :  Mb,  H.  H.  S.mith,  from  £125  to  £150, 
rising  by  annual  increments  of  £10  to  £18ii  ;  Me.  H.  Bay'SHAM, 
£91  to  £104  ;  Mr.  J.  Addyman,  £78  to  £91,  rising  to  £10-1  in  six 
months;  Mh.  R.  Powell,  £65  to  £78  ;  Mb.  E.  F.  Sewahd.  just 
appointed  at  £65.  Mr.  Clarke  (the  chairman  of  the  Committee) 
said  that  the  successful  issue  of  the  undertaking  was  nearer  than 
many  of  them  thought.  Mr.  Fairbaim  said  the  salaries  were  no 
more  than  should  be  paid  by  any  self-respecting  Corporation.  The 
recommendations  were  carried  with  one  dissentient  only.  Mr. 
Page  was  chief  assistant. 

The  EL.  Committee  of  the  Coventry  T.C.  has  recommended  the 
Corporation  to  increase  the  salary  of  the  electrical  engineer  and 
manager,  Mb.  G.  Tough,  from  £  .i.io  to  £  6,iO  per  annum. 

The  Whitby  U.D.C.  on  May  6th  confirmed  the  appointment  of 
Mk.  J.  W,  PiGGOTT  as  electrical  engineer  at  £130  a  year,  rising  to 
£l.i0. 

The  Gillingham  (Kent)  T.C.  has  renewed  the  agreemnt  with 
the  bo/ough  electrical  engineer  (Mb.  Chalmeks)  at  the  present 
salary  of  £300  a  year,  his  commission  on  the  gross  profits  to  be 
increased  from    1  per  cent,  to  1  i  per  cent. 

The  Crewe  T.C.  has  appointed  Mb.  W.  M.  Tbump,  of  the  staff  of 
th3  Midland  Electric  Corporation,  as  charge  engineer  at  the 
electricity  works,  vice  Mr.  A.  H.  Smith,  who  has  taken  up  an 
appointment  with  Salford  T.C. 

Mb.  Colbeck,  assistant  mains  engineer  at  the  Dover  Corporation 
Electricity  Works,  has  resigned. 

Mb.  Nayloe,  who  held  the  appointment  of  chief  assistant  at 
Nelson  has  been  appointed  electrical  engineer  in  place  of  Mr.  Helme 
who  recently  died  :  Mr.  R.  H.  Thompson  has  been  appointed  station 
superintendent  and  Mb.  J.  Stanwobth  mains  superintendent. 

The  Wakefield  T.C.  have  increased  the  salary  of  Mr.  J.  Varcy  . 
mains  engineer,  from  £140  to  £150  per  annum,  and  advanced  the 
commission  of  the  Commercial  Manager,  Mk.  S.  W.  Gakside,  from 
fd.  to  Id.  per  30  watts  of  additional  supply  secured. 

The  Glasgow  electricity  department  has  recommended  the  follow- 
ing increases  of  salary  :— Mr.  W.  W.  Lackie,  chief  engineer.  £1,000 
to  £1,100  ;  Mb.  Abch-Page,  chief  assistant,  £600  to  £650:  and 
Mb.  R.  B.  Maccall.  chief  clerk  and  accountant,  £375  to  £400. 

Mb.  E.  W.  Fowebakeb,  senior  switchboard  attendant  of 
Walthamstow  Council  Electricity  Works,  has  been  appointed  fourth 
engineer-in-charge  to  the  Ilford  Council  undertaking. 

Tramway  Officials.— At  a  meeting  of   the  Soutbport 

Town  Council  last  week  a  recommendation  was  brought  forward 
that  Mb.  B.  Andbews  should  be  appointed  manager  of  the  Cor- 
poration tramways  undertaking,  and  that  the  services  of  the  deputy 
tramways  manager,  Mr.  T.  J.  Kesdbew,  should  be  dispensed  with. 
An  amendment  was  moved  that  Mr.  Kendrew  should  be  appointed 
tramway  manager,  and  this  was  carried  by  23  votes  to  lii. 

The  staff  and  employes  of  the  Cork  Electric  Tramway;.Co.  last 
month   presented  «  marble  clock  to  Mr.  J.  Peri'^HO.  traffic  super- 


812 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  72.  No.  i.ssi,  may  is,  1913. 


intendent.  on  the  occasion  of  his  marriage.  The  presentation  took 
place  in  the  Men's  Recreation  Room  at  the  power  house,  beini; 
made  by  Motorman  Kelleher,  Mr.  Georpe  Davies  presiding. 

General. — The  staff  of  Messrs.  Ackroyd  &  Best, '1-td., 
miners'  safety  lamp  makers,  electrical  enpineers  and  ironfounders, 
have  presented  Mr.  S.  Reid,  A.M.I.E.E.,  with  a  marble  clock  on 
the  occasion  of  his  marriage. 

Mr.  C.  H.  Armstroni;  has  severed  his  connection  with  the 
Reason  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Brighton,  with  which  firm  he 
has  for  some  time  past  held  the  position  of  their  representative  in 
the  Lancashire  district. 

Mit.  A.  \V.  Makovski,  electrical  engineer  of  Reigate,  has  been 
elected  chairman  of  the  Reigate  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Mr.  F.  Bobdessa,  of  the  technical  staff  of  the  British  Insulated 
and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.,  who  is  leaving  for  British  Columbia, 
has  been  presented  by  his  colleagues  with  a  dressing  case. 

Mr.  Locis  DiscAK,  consulting  engineer,  has  removed  from  55, 
Liberty  Street,  to  50,  Church  Street,  New  York,  and  has  assooiated 
himself  with  Messrs.  S.  Marsh  Young  and  H.  A.  Pressey,  under  the 
firm  of  Duncan,  Young  &  Presley,  Inc. 

Mb.  Pakexham  W.  Beaity  has  resigned  his  position  as  manager 
of  the  River  Plate  Electricity  Co.'s  lighting  undertaking  and  of 
the  Electrica  del  Norte  lighting  and  tramway  undertaking  in 
Tncuman,  Argentine,  having  been  appointed  chief  engineer  of  the 
Compania  de  Tramways  Lacroze  de  Buenos  Aires,  Limitada.  It 
may  be  remembered  that  the  River  Plate  Co.  (whose  doings  are 
reported  in  our  "  City  Notes  "  to-day)  and  the  Electrica  del  Norte 
in  Tucuman,  amalgamated  with  the  object  of  being  in  a  stronger 
position  to  meet  the  competition  of  the  recently  inaugurated 
Hydro- Electric  Co..  of  Tucuman, 

Ml;  Ekxest  a.  Hill  has  resigned  his  position  of  advertising 
manager  to  the  Foster  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  has  commenced 
business  at  i'4,  Stanton  Road,  Wimbledon,  as  an  advertisement 
writer  and  agent. 

Obituary. — We  desire  to  express  our  deep  sympathy  with 
Mr.  L.  M.  Waterhouse,  managing  director  of  Messrs.  Simplex 
Conduits,  Ltd.,  on  the  death  of  his  wife,  which  occurred  last  week. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Hong  Kong  Tramway  Co.,  Ltd. 

The   directors'  report  states  that  the  accounts  for  the  year    to 
December   31st  show   a  profit  of    £19,302,  plus   £3.918   brought 
forward,   making    £23,220.      Of   this  the  interim  dividend   paid 
upon  November  23rd  absorbed  £2,031,  and  the  board  have  allocated 
to    the    reserve    for   depreciation    and   renewals     £10,000.      The 
Vinancirr  states  that  the  board  now  recommend  the  payment  of  a 
final   dividend  for  the  six  months  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent,  per 
annum,  free  of  income-tax,  making  7  J  per  cent,  for  the  year,  and 
that  £7.127  be  carried  forward.     In  spite  of  the  boycott  (to  which 
reference  is  made  later)  there  was  a  considerable  increase  in  the 
traffic  receipts  during  the  year,  but  the  result  is  affected  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  by    the    favourable  rate  of  exchange.     In   the 
directors'  report  on  the  year  1910  reference  was  made  to  the  charge 
of  an  additional  cent  for  every  five-cent  fare  paid  in  Chinese  copper 
coins,  in  consequence  of   the  loss  which  was  being  sustained  on 
subsidiary   coinage.     On  July  1st,  1912,  such  action  was  followed 
up  by  refusing  to  accept  copper  coinage  at  all,  the  Government 
having  brought  in  an  ordinance  prohibiting  its  circulation.    No 
trouble  whatever  was  experienced  by  the  company  in  connection 
with   this  action       The   Hhareholders  were  informed  by  circular 
dated  .January  2l8t,  1913,  as  to  the  further  action  taken  in  Novfinbfr 
last  against  Chinese   subsidiary  silver  coin,  which  unfortunately 
resulted  in   the   boycott  of  the  cars,  estimated  by  the  manager  to 
have  been  in  full  force  from  November  23rd,  1912,  to  January  2l8t, 
1913.    The  boycott,  which  was  considerably  influenced  by  political 
action,  was  but  slowly  suppressed.     It  is  impossible  to  say  to  what 
extent  the  company  is  still  feeling  the  after-effects,  but  the  board 
are  advised  that  the   receipts  are  now  being  affected  to  a  small 
extent  only  by  that  cause.    The  company's  action  in  the  matter 
was  initiated  by   the   Hong   Kong  Government,  and  during  the 
period   in   which   the   boycott  wa8  in  full  force  the  Government 
strongly  supported  the  company.    It  is  difficult  to  gauge  accurately 
the  extent  of  the  loss  of  receipts,  but  it  is  considerable,  and  repre- 
sentations have  been  made  to  the  Government  for  compensation 
additional  to  the  ?30,000  already  agreed  by  them.     It  is  hoped  that 
such   representations  will   result  in  the  payment  of  satisfactory 
compensation. 


Raiiffoon   Electric   Tramway   and  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

Mr.  Frank  Tobin  (chairman)  presided  on  May  7th  at  the  annual 
meeting  held  at  the  olfices,  3,  Great  Winchester  Street,  E.C. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Electkical 
Review,  page  774),  the  Chairman  said  the  accounts  were 
nio.st  satisfactory,  and  during  the  year  there  had  been  a 
healthy  expansion  and  growth  in  every  single  department  of 
the  tmainess.  This  was  the  more  gratifying,  because  in  1911, 
owing  to  the  economic  disturbance  and  bad  state  of  trade  in 
Runiroon,  there  was  a  certain  check  to  their  prosperity.  The  profits 
for  that  year  were  larger  than  they  had  previously  been,  but  at  tfce 
same  time  there  wu  a  diminatien  in  traffio  takings,  and  generally 


the  growth  and  expansion  stopped.  They  began  to  emerge  from 
that  state  of  depreesion  in  the  early  months  of  1912,  and  since  then 
there  had  been  a  pUasing  increase  of  revenue  not  only  from  the 
tramway,  but  also  from  the  light  and  power  services.  In  following 
and  judging  the  monthly  tratlic  returns,  they  must  remember  that 
the  tramway  was  practically  working  with  the  same  capital  as 
was  expended  on  it  five  years  ago.  and  the  increases  shown  were 
increases  on  the  same  amount  of  working  capital.  This  was  not, 
however,  quite  the  case  with  regard  to  the  light  and  power. 
They  were  constantly  extendintr  their  business,  and  expending  new 
capital  on  mains  and  equipment,  and  on  connecting  up  new  sources 
of  revenue,  so  that  the  increased  income  which  they  derived  from 
these  two  services,  was  what  they  should  naturally  expect  in  any 
case,  owing  to  the  larger  amount  of  capital  which  was  being  em- 
ployed, and  which  was  becoming  from  month  to  month  pro- 
ductive. In  1912  their  revenue  from  all  sources  had  been 
£110,000,  as  compared  with  £99,300  in  1911,  and  as  they 
had  been  able  to  keep  their  working  txpenses  again 
within  50  per  cent,  of  their  takings,  the  net  reeult  had  been  a 
profit  of  £56,79,3,  as  compared  with  i;50,700.  During  1912  they 
had  expended  £15,000  on  capital  accounts,  of  which  only  £1,000 
was  used  on  the  tramway,  mainly  for  new  cars,  while  over  £7,000 
was  spent  on  laying  down  new  mains,  and  over  £5,000  on  sub- 
stations and  their  equipment,  and  on  buildings.  The  laying  of 
mains  meant  that  they  had  business  in  sight,  and  the  capital 
employed  very  quickly  became  productive.  The  demand  for  the 
supply  of  light  and  power  was  a  constantly  increasing  one,  and  the 
demand  would  continue  without  doubt  from  year  to  year,  and  as 
a  consequence  fresh  capital  outlay  would  be  required.  They  were 
in  Rangoon  to  supply  the  service  of  the  city,  and  would  extend 
their  connection  wherever  it  was  required,  so  long  as  they  could 
satisfy  themselves  that  the  capital  expended  would  bring  in 
adequate  and  proper  profit  to  the  company.  For  several  months 
they  had  been  studying  recommendations  for  extensions  in  Ran- 
goon which  were  absolutely  necessary,  and  which  they  were  satis- 
fied would  bring  in  a  proper  profit  for  the  company.  The  outlay 
they  had  in  sight  would  amount  altogether  to  about  £10,000. 
They  had  unissued  about  £28,000  H  per  cent,  debenture  stock,  and 
also  about  70,000  ordinary  shares  available  for  issue.  For  some 
years  they  went  vnthout  a  dividend  on  those  e  hares,  but  now  they 
were  paying  5  per  cent.,  and  without  venturing  to  prophesy  as  to 
the  future,  they  felt  satisfied  that  the  outlook  for  those  shares 
was  BO  good  that  they  ought  not  to  sacrifice  them  at  a  low  price. 
Hence,  to  meet  their  capital  expenditure  they  had  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  it  would  be  beet  to  issue  5  per  cent,  teiminable 
debentures,  which  would  be  wiped  out  in  the  course  of  time. 

Mr.   J.   Halliday   seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted. 

On  the  motion  of  the  Chairman,  a  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  wai 
declared  on  the  ordinary  shares. 


\euliausen  Aluminium    Co. — The  dividend  proposed 

by  the  Aluminium  Industry  Co.,  of  Neuhausen,  is  at  the  rate  ol 
20  per  cent,  for  1912,  this  comparing  with  14  per  cent,  in  the  pre- 
vious year,  on  a  nominal  share  capita)  of  £1,040,000.  of  which  5( 
per  cent,  is  paid  up.  In  addition,  the  reserve  fund,  which  exceedec 
£82,000  at  the  end  of  1911,  is  to  be  raised  to  the  statutory  amount 
of  £104,000.  It  has  been  suggested  at  different  times  that  as  th« 
shares  are  only  partly  paid  a  fund  should  be  formed  out  of  thi 
profits  in  order  to  gradually  provide  for  the  payment  of  the  fhara 
in  full.  The  directors  have  again  had  this  question  under  con 
sideration,  and  now  propose  to  make  a  beginning  by  making  ai 
allocation  of  £24,000  to  the  share  payment  fund.  It  is  calculate* 
that  the  fund  will  reach  10  per  cent,  of  the  share  capital  by  tbi 
end  of  1914. 

Continental. — France. — A  new  company  has  just  beei 
formed  in  Paris  (90,  Boulevard  de  Menilmontant),  with  a  capital  oi 
£3,000  and  the  title  La  Socidte  dn  Dynamo  Fareloc. 

The  balance-sheet  of  La  Compagnie  Continentale  Edison,  ol 
Paris,  for  the  last  financial  year,  shows  a  net  profit  of  £146,348,  ai 
compared  with  £154.420  in  the  preceding  12  months. 

La  Compagnie  Fran(,ai.se  pour  I'Exploitation  des  ProcedA 
Thomson-Houston,  of  Paris,  reports  a  net  profit  of  £171,97>  foi 
the  last  financial  year. 

La  Societc  Frangaise  des  Cables  Electriques,  systcme  Berthoud 
Borel  &  Co.,  of  Lyons,  reports  a  net  profit  of  £10,788  for  the  last 
financial  year. 

Belgium. — La  Sociott  des  Constructions  Electriques  de  Charlero 
reports  a  net  profit  of  £38,338  for  the  last  financial  year. 

La  Socie'e  Beige  pour  la  Fabrication  des  Cables  et  Fils  Electritiuei 
of  Brussels,  reports  a  net  profit  of  £9,294  for  the  last  financia 
year,  out  of  which  a  dividend  of  7  per  cent,  is  being  declared, 

Germany. — The  Berlin-Hagen  Accumulatoren-fabrik  (Jesell 
schaft  is  declaring  a  dividend  of  25  per  cent,  for  the  last  fiiianci* 
year. 

The  Felten  und  Guilleaurae  Carlswerk  Geeellschaft,  of  Mulhein 
is  declaring  a  dividend  of  8  per  cent,  for  the  last  financial  year,  % 
compared  with  only  6  per  cent,  for  the  preceding  1 2  months. 

Russia. — La  Societc  Russe  d'Electricite  A,E,G.,  of  St,  Pete« 
burg,  is  declaring  a  dividend  of  9  per  cent,  for  the  last  financi* 
year,  as  compared  with  only  8  per  cent,  for  the  preceding  1 
months. 

Holland.— The  report  of  the  Philips  Olowlamp  Works,  o 
Eindhoven,  the  manofactnrers  of  the  Philips  incandescent  lampi 
shows  a  profit  of  £81,120,  out  of  which  a  dividend  attherateo 
10  per  cent,  per  annum  is  being  declared. 

{Continued  <»>  page  817.) 


Vol.  72.     No.  I, Mr. I,  May  Hi,  I'Jl.t.] 


THE    ELECTRlCAi.    UKVII'^W. 


818 


THE    BETULANDER    AUTOMATIC    TELEPHONE    SYSTEM. 


Ix   Iclephoiiy,  an  in  otlicr  brnnclicH  of  electrical  enjjincerinff, 
liiiality    is  never  attained.     It  is  not  a  matter  for  surprise, 


Fig.    1. — SUBSCKIBERS   TELEPiroSE    AND    ACTUATOB. 

therefore,  that  a  new  automatic  telephone  system,  possessing 
novel  and  interesting  features,  should  have  been  intro- 
duced, and  we  ha\fc 
pleasure  in  placing  a 
description  of  it  before 
our  readers.  Strange 
as  it  may  seem,  in  con- 
nection with  so  com- 
plex a  problem  as  the 
substitution  of  a 
machine  for  a  human 
operator,  the  most 
marked  characteristic 
of  the  Betulander 
system  is  its  com- 
parative simplicity.  It 
may  be  called  the 
"straight-line"  system 
of  automatic  tele- 
phony, for  practically 
all  its  operations 
take  place  in  straight 
vertical  lines;  the 
principle  by  which 
the  number  wanted  is 
arrived  at  is  that  of 
°,uccessive  selection, 
and  the  process  may 
be  carried  on  abso- 
lutely without  limit,  so 
far  as  the  mechanism 
is  concerned,  the 
number  of  subscribers 
connected  to  an  ex- 
change being  limited 
only  by  other  con- 
siderations. 

Briefly,  the  sub- 
scriber sets  a  number 
of  levers  on  his  instru- 
ment to  the  digits 
representing  the 
number  wanted  ;  he 
then  lifts  the  telephone, 
and  by  this  movement 

a  set  of  impulse  senders  is  allowed  to  come  into  operation, 
one  after  another,  transmitting  to  the  exchange  consecutive 
groups  of  impulses,  beginning  with  the  set  corresponding  with 


tlic  highest  power  of   lo.     During  thin  operation  the  I<:ven! 

return  to  their  zero  positions  in  the  same  order,  w>  that  the 
Hubs(;ril)er  can,  so  to  speak,  wm  hJH 
call  being  sent  to  the  exchange  by  the 
inslrntnent,  wliich  in  this  prfx,(;s«  is 
entirc'ly  automatic.  It  will  lie  noticf»l 
tliat  the  number  is  completely  «ct 
before  any  impulses  are  sent  out  ;  an 
error  in  setting  any  one  of  the  Icvera, 
therefore,  can  be  corrected  at  any  time 
before  lifting  the  telephone,  without 
necessitating  a  frosh  start,  and  without 
calling  up  a  wrong  number.  The  rate 
at  which  the  impulses  are  sent  is  also 
independent  of  the  subscriber,  being  con- 
trolled by  a  centrifugal  governor.  The 
moment  the  last  impulse  has  gone,  the 
subscriber  either  is  through  to  the  called 
subscriber,  and  can  hear  the  Ml  ring- 
ing with  the  aid  of  his  receiver,  or  is 
receiving  the  "busy- back"  signal  from 
the  exchange.  We  give  in  fig.  1  a  view 
of  the  subscriber's  instrument,  with 
cover  removed,  so  as  t<^)  show  the  impulse 
senders  separately,  the  governor  being 
visible  on  the  right-hand  side  of  the 
latter.     This  instrument  is  suitable  for 

a  100-line  exchange,  but  by  adding  more  levers  it  can  be 

adapted  for  anything  up  to  a  10(),000-line  exchange.     Thesa 


Fig.  2. — Pre-Selector,  Units  Selector  and  Group  Selector. 


levers  can  be  added  to  existing  mstruments  with  but  slight 
modification. 

Passing  on  to  the  exchange,  there  are  here  provided  four 

F 


814 


TSE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,851,  JLay  16,  1913 


relays  for  each  subscriber,  no  matter  how  large 
may  be.  Three  of  these  relays  receive  the  im 
the  subscriber's  instrument  (which  is 
called  the  "  actuator "),  when  he 
originates  a  call,  and  the  fourth  is  used 
when  he  is  called,  connecting  the  ringing 
current  to  his  line.  Condensers  are 
also  provided,  and  these,  with  the 
relays,  perform  the  usual  functions  in 
a  central-battery  system.  The  sets  of 
relays  and  condensers  are  assembled 
together  in  blocks  of  10,  serving  10 
subscribers,  and  no  e.\tra  sets  are  needed  ; 
additions  «vn  be  made  at  any  time,  as 
the  number  of  subscribers  increases. 

For  finding  the  wanted  number,  a 
series  of  "selectors"  is  provided.  Tliese 
devices  are  extremely  interesting  :  they 
are  all  very  much  alike,  the  principal 
parts  being  identical,  and  they  all  move 
in  a  vertical  plane  only.  On  large 
systems  three  patterns  are  used,  which 
are  illustrated  in  tig.  2.  The  selector 
consists  of  three  electromagnets,  two  of 
which  are  assembled  in  a  common  sheath, 
but  have  separate  magnetic  circuits ;  each 
of  these  is  connected  to  a  line  wire,  and 


the  system        receives   the   impulses  sent  out  by   the   actuator,  through 
pulses  from        the  subscriber's  line  relays.       These  magnets  operate  and 


Fig.  3.— Diaguam 


Fio.  4.— Panel  of  Selectors, 


SHOWING  THE  Method  of  Calling  Subscuibeus 
Betulaxder  System. 


release  the  selector  by  an  ingenious 
arrangement  of  pawls  working  against 
a  ratchet.  The  function  of  the  third 
electromagnet  will  be  explained  later. 
The  selectors  are  mounted  in  an  iron 
frame  in  groups  of  ten,  but  each  can  be 
taken  out  and  replaced  by  a  spare  one 
in  a  moment  by  any  person  of  ordinary 
intelligence,  being  held  in  position  by  a 
spring  clip  ;  all  the  necessary  connec- 
tions are  automatically  made  in  the  act 
of  replacing  the  selector. 

The  arrangement  of  the  fixed  con- 
tacts over  which  the  selector  works, 
called  the  contact  field,  is  one  of  the 
most  ingenious  features  of  the  apparatus, 
the  field  consisting  simply  ot  continuous 
lengths  of  bare  wire,  suitably  supported, 
or  in  some  cases  metal  segments.  It  will 
at  once  be  seen  that  this  device  greatly 
reduces  the  number  of  soldered  connec- 
tions required,  and  is  so  simple  and  acces- 
sible that  faults  are  practically  impos- 
sible. The  selector  carries  wipers,  which 
make  contact  with  these  wires,  stepping 
from  wire  to  wire  in  accordance  with  the 
impulses  received.  The  third  electro- 
magnet mentioned  above  is  operated 
from  a  local  circuit  through  the  contacts 
of  one  or  other  of  the  first  two  magnets, 
and  serves  mainly  to  tilt  the  selector 
frame,  so  that  the  wipers  do  not  touch 
the  wires  as  they  pass  over  them  until 
the  appropriate  wire  in  the  contact 
field  is  reached,  thus  preventing  un- 
necessary wear  and  ensuring  secrecy.  In 
fig.  4  is  shown  a  panel,  from  which  a 
pre-selector  and  a  units  selector  have 
been  removed,  while  fig.  5  illustrates 
part  of  a  panel  of  group  selectors.  In 
the  case  of  very  small  systems,  the  con- 
tact fields  can  be  arranged  so  that  the 
central  exchange  is  reduced  to  one  set  of 
relays  and  one  selector  per  subscriber,  as 
shown  in  fig.  i'.,  representing  a  com- 
plete switchboard  for  10  stations. 

AVe  have  mentioned  that  there 
are  three  types  of  selector  ;  the  first 
is  the  "pre-selector"  (fig.  '2a), 
with  which  each  subscriber's  circuit 
is  provided.  The  moment  the  sub- 
scriber's telephone  is  lifted  the  pre- 
selector   automatically   selects   the   first 


Vol.  72.     No.   1,H.'^,I,  May    IC,   1'.(1:i. 


Till':   MLiicTitic.M.   i;i:vii:\v. 


81.0 


(li.s(!ii;,^i;,^e(l  jiiiuLioM  Iciuliii},'  Lo  a  "  {^nnip  .selc(;Lor " — 
dropping,'  down  iiislniiLly  to  the  idle  line  and  Htoppinj,' 
there.  Normally  there  are  10  juiietiou  lines  per  100 
suliscribers,  repivHented  liy  10  wires  in  the  contact  held  of 
the  "  pre-selector,"  and  any  nnnilier  of  these  jiMictions  can  he 
e(iiii|)ped  with  f^rouj)  selectors,  accordiiij^  to  the  rct|nircm(;nts 
of  the  service.  It  is  eonsideied  that  10  per  cent,  provides 
an  ample  mar^Mn,  0  or  7  beinj,'  usnally  sufllcient.  The 
8iibseril)er's  actuator  and  relays  are  thus  extended  throuf^ii 
the  pre-selector  to  a  group  selector  (lig.  2(  ),  which  receives 
the  tirst  series  of  impulses  sent  out  by  the  actuator — the 
pre-selector  having  been  automatically  locked  in  position 
and  disconnected,  so  that  it  is  not  affected  by  subsc(|uent 
impulses. 

'Co  each  group  selector  there  is  allotted  an  auxiliary  selector 
(tig.  2.\)  in  each  of  the  10  following  groups,  the  function  of 
which  is  to  find  an  idle  junction  and  selector  in  the  next 
group  ;  the  last-named  selector  receives  the  second  series  of 
impulses  sent  out  from  the  actuator,  and  picks  out  the 
corresponding  group,  and  the  same  secjuence  of  operations 
continues  until  the  final  or  units  selector  (fig.  2ii) 
has  found  the  line  wanted,  when,  if  the  line  is 
free,  the  signalling  relay  is  actuated  and  the  ringing  current 
is  sent  on  the  line  of  the  called  subscriber,  until  the  latter 
replies,  or  the  caller  (who  can  hear  the  ringing)  replaces  his 
telephone  on  the  rest. 

If  the  line,  however,  is  engaged,  the  units  selector,  directly 
it  reaches  this  line,  instantly  returns  to  normal,  causing  all 
the  selectors  in  the  series  also  to  return  to  the  normal  position, 
and  the  subscriber  receives  the  "  busy  "  signal.  When 
either  of  the  telephones  is  placed  on  its  rest,  the  whole  of  the 
selectors  used  in  the  connection  are  immediately  restored  to 
normal. 

In  order  to  make  clear  the  operations  described  above,  we 
show  in  fig.  3  the  apparatus  which  would  be  employed  in 
establishing  communication  between  two  subscribers  in  a 
system  designed  for  1 ,000  lines,  but,  for  the  sake  of  clearness, 
only  200  lines  are  shown  on  the  diagram.  The  maximum 
traffic  is  here  assumed  to  require  10  per  cent,  junction  lines 
or  "  trunking,"  but  the  six  selectors  shown  hatched  would 
usually  suffice.  In  the  figure,  two  subscribers'  instruments 
are  represented  by  Nos.  238  and  645,  and  it  is  assumed 
that  the  latter,  after  setting  the  levers  on  his  actuator 
to    the    figures    2,    3    and    8,    lifts    his    telephone    from 


This  instantly  selruits  the    (irHt    idle    line    of    the  (jroup  of 
trunk   lines   i-;  assigned  to  the  group  of  suWiriherH  lo  which 


I^HM 

^^^^H      *^f^^*     ^^^KrJi     ^1^  K    '^'Wk    fl|k|^    1 

^^I^H^  ^ME  ^M^  HO  Bl$ 

^^H  <^W    ^Br]  ^Md'  Hf  Hr 

^^^^^1  ^^l^H    ^H^^H    ^H^H i   ^^^H'   B^hH 

Fig.  6. — Complete  Betulaxder  Automatic  Switchi 
FOB  10  Station's. 


the  switch  hook.  An  impulse  is  then  transmitted 
over  the  line  A  to  the  relay  set  u  belonging  to  the 
calling  subscriber,  which  in  turn  operates  his  pre-selector  c. 


Fig.  5. — Part  of  a  Panel  of  Group  Selectors. 

Xo.'645  belongs — in  this  case,  assumed  to  be  the  second — 
and  puts  the  connection  through,  therefore,  to  the  second 
in  the  hundreds  group  of  selectors  F, 
which  receives  the  first  series  of  impulses 
from  the  actuator  and  steps  up  to  the 
third  position,  representing  the  third 
hundred  (200— 29'J).  This  extends  the 
connection  to  the  group  of  auxiliary 
hundreds  selectors  at  G,  to  which  all 
subscribers  between  the  numbers  tJOO 
and  Ci'J'J  have  access  when  calling  for  any 
number  between  200  and  299.  The 
auxiliary  selector  instantly  finds  an  idle 
trunk — say  the  fifth — leading  to  a  tens 
selector  in  the  group  h,  which  receives 
the  second  series  of  impulses  sent  out 
by  the  actuator,  and  steps  up  to  the 
fourth  position  (controlling  the  numbers 
30-39).  The  connection  is  now  extended 
to  a  units  selector  —  the  fifth  in  the 
group  J — which  is  operated  by  the  last 
set  of  impulses,  and  steps  up  to  the 
wanted  subscriber's  line.  The  com- 
plete path  of  the  connection  is  shown 
by  a  dotted  hue,  and  similarly  the 
course  of  a  call  for  Xo.  G45,  origin- 
ated by  No.  238,  is  shown  by  a  heavy 
line. 

Summarising  the  leading  features  of 

the  system,  it  is  claimed  that  its  simplicity 

and  flexibility  allow  the  equipment  to  be 

^  provided  in  exact   agreement   with  the 

actual  number  of  subscribers'  lines :   the 

apparatus   is    readUy   accessible    at   all 

times,     and    in    every    part,     without 

interfering    with    the   working,   and    it    can   be   extended 

indefinitely  without    modification  of    the    general    design  ; 

as    the     actuator     is     completely     set    up    before    any 


816 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIE^Y. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,851,  May  ir.,  1913. 


impulses  are  sent  to  line,  delays  on  the  part  of  the  calling 
subscriber  do  not  affect  the  exchange,  and  therefore  the 
selectors  are  engaged  for  the  minimum  time  :  they  are  also 
instantly  released  on  the  conclusion  of  a  conversation,  or  if 
the  line  is  found  to  be  busy,  thus  setting  free  the  junctions 
and  enabling  an  unusually  low  percentage  of  trunking  to  be 


THE 


COMMERCIAL 
OXYGEN    AND 


PRODUCTION    OF 
HYDROGEN. 


A,  oxygen  offtake  :  b,  hydr.  gen  offtake  ;  r,  indicator  and  pressure  equaliser  ; 

D,  positive  electrode  terminals ;  E.  negative  electrode  term'nals ;  f,  filling 

cup  ;  <.,  hydraulic  joint  j  H,  diaphragm  ;  i,  insulating  supports. 

I.O.C.  Oxygex-Hydkogen  Gexeratok. 


employed,  rarely 
exceeding  G  or  7 
per  cent.  The 
energy  consumed  is 
small,  and  the 
ringing  device  only 
runs  whilst  ring- 
ing, being  self- 
starting.  Skilled 
attendance  is  not 
necessary,  as  any 
of  the  selectors  can 
be  exchanged  for 
spare  ones  with 
ease,  and  the 
arrangement  of  the 
contact  fields  re- 
duces cabling  and 
faults  to  the  mini- 
mum. 

An  exchange  on 
the  Betulander  sys- 
tem for  100  lines 
has  been  installed  at  ^larconi  House, 
Strand,  London,  where  it  will  be  used 
to  control  the  local  circuits :  for  this 
purpose  it  will  be  increased  to  a 
capacity  of  200  lines.  The  sim- 
plicity of  the  apparatus,  and  the  small 
space  occupied,  are  striking  features  of 
this  board.  We  understand  that  the 
Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd., 
has  acquired  the  patents  for  every 
country  except  Sweden,  where  the  system 
originated,  and  has  appointed  ^Ir.  C.  15. 
Clay,  formerly  Metropolitan  Superin- 
tendent to  the  National  Telej'hone  Co., 
as  manager  of  the  department.  Every 
effort  is  being  made  to  expedite  the 
manufacture  of  the  apparatus,  and  we 
have  no  doubt  that  a  i^ood  deal 
will  be  heard  of  the  system  in  the  near 
future.  An  exchange  controlling  l.nOO 
stations,  installed  at  No.  3«,  Rue  de 
I'elletier,  will  be  open  for  inspection  during 
the  visit  of  the  LE.K.  to  Paris  next  week. 
We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Clay  and 
his  assistant,  Mr.  Ward,  for  facilities  to 
inspect  the  installation  and  to  prepare 
this  brief  description  of  the  system. 


I  O.C.  Oe.neratuks  Installed  at  the  Works  of  the  Internatiunal  Oxygex  Co. 


Thk  commercial  uses  of  both  oxygen  and  hydrcgen  have 
extended  enormously  during  the  last  few  years,  particularly 
in  connection  with  engineering 
work,  for  the  purpose  of  cutting 
steel  and  iron  by  means  of  the 
oxy-hydrogen  and  oxy-acetylene 
flames  and  for  autogenous 
welding. 

For  such  purposes  as  these 
purity  of  the  gas  is  essential,  as 
the  presence  of  even  small  per- 
centages of  inert  gases,  such  as 
nitrogen  or  chlorine,  greatly 
reduces  the  eiliciency  of  the 
operation. 

Many  firms  could  with  obvious 
advantage  produce  oxygen  and 
hydrogen  on  their  own  premises, 
given  suitable  apparatus,  and 
effect  a  saving  over  the  usual 
procedure  of  purchasing  such 
gases  in  cylinders. 

Apparatus  for  this  purpose, 
constructed  by  the  International 
Oxygen  Co.,  Newark,  N.J.,  has 
been  adopted  in  some 
of  the  largest  works 
in  America,  notably 
by  the  General  Elec- 
tric and  Westing- 
house  Companies,  the 
Edison  Battery  Co., 
and  in  the  Brooklyn 
Navy  Yard.  The 
company  has  placed 
on  the  market  simple 
equipments  of  various 
capacities  suited  to 
the  industrial  needs 
of  manufacturers ; 
these  consist  of  a 
series  of  electrolytic 
cells,  each  gene- 
rating 7  cb.  ft.  of 
hydrogen  and  3  J,  cb. 
ft.  of  oxygen  per  Kw.- 
hour.  Each  cell  re- 
quires 300  to  400 
amperes  at  2  volts. 




! 

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l»gp^ 

^SflHHpf  ^^^a^^l 

^^^^R 

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f 

An  Installation  of  Oval  Type  I.O.C.  (.enekators 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,HM,  May  10,  I'Jl.'l.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


817 


The  construction  of  tbo  !.().(!.  cell  inHliown  dinKmrnmiitic- 
ally  in  on(!  of  our  views  ;  an  outer  iron  taiiiv  serves  as  the 
nef^iitivc  eltctrode  and  a  perforated  intiei'  iron  tank,  fius- 
pendcd  from  tiie  <'.over,  as  tlic  j)ositive  electrode. 

An  asbestos  sack  or  dia|)liraf;in  suspended  from  an 
iiydraulic  joint  or  water  seal,  endcjses  the  inner  electrode, 
dividiiif,'  the  cell  into  two  compartments,  so  that  the  o.xyf^en 
1,'eneratcd  on  the  walls  of  the  inner  tank  is  kept  sejjarated 
from  the  hydroi^en  formed  on  the  walls  of  the  ontrr  one. 

As  a  further  check  apunst  mixture  of  the  pases  the 
asbestos  sack,  wlien  impref^nati'd  with  alkali  solution,  forms 
an  elfectivc  barrier  between  the  two  gases. 

A  solution  of  caustic  potash  and  water  forms  the  electro- 
lyte; this  is  introduced  into  the  hydraulic  joint  through  a 
lining  cup,  and  distributed  in  the  two  compartments,  the 
joint  automatically  regulating  the  working  of  the  cell. 

The  oxygen  and  hydrogen  in  passing  from  their  respective 
compartments  to  tlic  gas  mains  pass  through  indicators  and 
pressure  equalisers  ;  the  latter  indicate  at  a  glance  how  the 
cell  is  working,  and  equalise  the  gas  pressure  in  each  com- 
partment, also  they  protect  the  cell  from  the  tifcct  of  exces- 
sive pressure  in  the  discbarge  mains,  and  should  the  latter 
become  clogged,  allow  the  gases  generated  in  the  cell  to 
escape  into  the  atmosjihere. 

The  makers  claim  that  the  I.O.C.  apparatus  will  produce 
pure  gases — 1)'.)"5  per  cent,  in  the  case  of  the  hydrogen  and 
98'5  per  cent,  or  more  for  oxygen — without  other  manipula- 
tion than  the  addition  of  distilled  water  daily  to  make  up 
for  the  liquid  decomposed. 

As  an  example  of  the  saving  in  cost  obtained  by  the 
appai-atus,  we  gather  that  in  the  case  of  a  works  using 
1,000  cb.  ft.  of  oxygen  daily,  the  I.O.C.  plant  would  supply 
this  for  .fC)  per  day,  taking  energy  at  ^d.  per  unit,  while  the 
chlorate  of  potash  method,  or  cylinder  oxygen,  would  figure 
out  at  125  per  day. 

In  the  case  of  large  installations,  such  as  the  company's 
own  plant  at  Newark,  N.J.,  the  cells  arranged  in  rows,  are 
connected  to  gas-holders,  the  contents  of  which  may  be 
drawn  off,  metered  and  compressed  for  bottling  if  required. 

Our  views  show  the  latest  oval  pattern  cell  turned  out  by 
the  company,  which  has  placed  its  English  business  in  the 
hands  of  Messrs.  Arthur  Lyon  &  Co. 


r.*t»l 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


British  Sherardisers,    Ltd.  (128.789\  — This   company  was 

registered  on  May  .'5th,  with  b  capital  of  £10,000  in  £1  shares,  to  acquire 
any  interest  in  the  process  known  as  '*  SherardisinR  '•  or  any  process 
for  coveriDR  iron,  steel  or  other  metals  with  a  coating  of  ziiio  or 
other  metallic  substances.  &c.,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  H.  M. 
Delacour,  as  receiver  and.  manager  of  United  Sherardisine,  Ltd.  The 
subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  :— H.  M.  Delaoour,  68.  Norbury  Crescent, 
Nnrbury.  S  W.,  merlianical  engineer:  W.  .J.  Halsey,  23,  Queen  Anne's  Gate, 
B.W.,  solicitor.  Private  ccmpany.  The  rnmher  of  directors  is  not  to  he  less 
than  two  or  more  than  five;  the  first  are  W.  J.  Halsey  ard  H.  M.  Pelacour; 
qualificatiop,  one  share  ;  remuneration  (except  general  manaKer),  ilCO  each 
per  annum.    Registered  office,  Hythe  Road,  Willesden  Junction,  N.W. 


OFFICIAL    RETURNS    OF    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


Ciianng  Cross,  West  Endand  City  Eleotru'ityJiiipply  Co.,  Ltd. 

(29,l-22).— Capital,  £2,100,000  in  £5  shares  (130,000  pref.,  130,0li0  oid.,  S0,000 
cum,  pref.  and  80,000  cum.  ord.)  ;  return  dated  March  18th,  1913  ;  80,000  pref., 
80,000  ord.,  80,000  cum.  pref.  and  70,000  cum.  ord.  shares  taken  up;  £5  per 
share  called  up  on  80,000  pref.,  80,000  ord.  and  80,000  cum.  pref.;  jEl, 200,000 
paid  :  i:350,000  considered  as  paid  on  70,000  cum.  ord.  Mortgages  and  charges  : 
£1,087,178. 

Clarke,  Chapman  &  Co.,  Ltd.  C3;i,04.5).— Capital,  £200,000  in 

£10  shares  (7,(00  pref.);  return  dated  March  14th,  li)13  ;  12,736  ord.  and  e.gs.'i 
pref.  shares  taken  up ;  £10  per  share  called  up  on  3,536  ord.,  £2  10s.  on  200  ord. 
and  £10  on  4,48S  pref. ;  £80,210  paid;  £90.000  considered  as  paid  on  9,000  ord., 
£25,500  on  2,1350  pief.  and  £1,600  on  200  ord.  Mortgages  and  charges: 
£100,000. 

Cnnningrhaui,  Ltd. — Particulars  of  <:  1,000  debentures,  created 

April  22nd,  1913,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies'  (Consolidation) 
Act,  1908,  the  whole  amount  bting  now  ii^sued.  Propeity  charged:  The 
company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  aud  future,  including  uncalled 
capital.    No  trustees. 

Javal  Patents,  Ltd.— Particulars  of  £1,000  debentures,  created 

April  9th,  1913,  tiled  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies'  (Consolidation) 
Act,  1908,  the  amount  of  the  present  issue  being  £200.  Property  charged  : 
The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  aud  future,  including  ud- 
salled  capital.    No  truttaee. 


I.anenslilre    (nited    TrHinwm-      MM.    (-Tndi 

X'2U0.()(I(I  lij  it  ahari'i..      Return  <Uli->l  M  'nn 

up.     £7  imi.l.     £l',i;i.>-71  iionaiilirxd  >■  pn  1 

liiK,  ir,i  i;,r.i)0,       Uutirrrrd  drh.nluro  m,  -.r.t 

KiinntH  of  tliii  ronipanjr,  fHll.jCtO.       Not*:     |J<  I.   >.i<.<  k  (>i '.l,n  n'.ini  il  Krr,r,<in(  o 
£'il),(MO  included  In  Ibn  aboTo  tfMi.WO  li  iMutd   M  Mcurlljr  (cr  •dr«acci  up  to 

£ir>,nuu. 

FcrruntI,  I.td.  A  memorandum  of  Mtiiifaction  in  fall  on 
Dic)  inber  :iUt,  mt,  ;l  truiil  d<  ed  datud  June  Itlh,  I1M7,  ttcarlod  MV>,IOO,  ba 
bi'on  llli'd. 

KcnsinKton    and    KnlichthhrldKA    Klcetrln    Lk'      '       i  '  ., 

Ltd.  {UCi.Vmh     Capital  tMl,l.ii(l,)n  .'.«.(;( 0  r,i<l.  10  000  flnl  pr«r.  >  I 

pri.f.  BharcHot  £r,  larh.    Itdiii  ii  dati  d  M»>.  I,  I':il..  I'ifl     7]  .Ci/  i 

mid    lO.tXjOHFrdiidpnl    Hbnniituliiniip: 

10.000  llrst  pref.   and   IU,IX,U  Kccoi.rl  pr.  f. 

paid  on  5.li:i2ord.      MnrtKaKi^  >i  <l  cliai, 

htock   ii'Nued   by  IIiIh  company  in  rorjun    ' 

Ltd.,  £'2'i7,500. 

Xcnninrket    Electric    Light    Co.,    Ltd.    (44,4.'>0).— Capital 

i'.IO.ijOO  in  £10  xbares.     Return  dated  March  llUt  1913;  3,r<.''i«  iharn  tak«o  09 
£2(i,.'li0  paid.    Mortgages  and  chaigcs  :  £14,X(). 

New  System  Private  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.  (73,732).— Capital 

£10,C0O  in  £1  shares.     Return  dated    Marrli   'itth.iyiH;  all   ibarti  taken  op 
£H,000paid  ;  £2,0CO  considered  as  paid.     Mortgagea  and  cbargeo  .  13,000. 

Fjfhnm  and  Staines  Electricity  Co.,  Ltd.    Ibkub  on   April 

80th,  1913,  of  £100  debentures,  part  of  a  series  ol  which  partieolara  bare  already 
been  filed. 

Veritys,    Ltd.— .Mortcrage    dated    April   28th,    191.3,   to  Recore 

£800,  charged  on   freehold  land  and  priiniBeB  at  NechellH,  Birmingham,  Ac, 
Holders:  J.  N.  Brown,  C.  F.  Brown  and  A.  J.  Williams. 

Also  mortgage  dated  April  29tb,  1913,  to  secure  £H0O,  charged  on  aama 
property,     Holder :  Annie  M.  Gowan. 

Tyer  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Charpre  on  freehold  property  in  Metcalf 
Street,  East  Kelson  Street,  and  land  adjoining,  all  inCarliale,  dated  April  14th, 
1913,  to  secure  all  moneys  doe  from  the  company  to  Ijondon,  County  and 
Westminster  Bank,  Ltd.,  41,  Lotbbury,  E.C.  The  charge  is  given  ).y  the 
company  to  the  bank  as  collateral  secority  for  an  overdraft  not  to  exceed 
£7,000,  which  is  already  secured  by  debentures  lor  that  amount,  registered 
March  llth,  1913. 


CITY    NOTES. 


{CaiUinued  from  page  812.) 


Elmore's  German  and  Anstro-Hnn<!;arian  IHetal 
Co.,  Ltd. 

TUE  directors'  report  for  the  year  ending  December  3l8t,  1912,  says 
that  the  accounts,  beyond  the  increase  of  the  amount  standing  to  the 
debit  of  profit  and  loss  account,  show  but  little  alteration.  On  the 
debit  side  there  is  a  small  decrease,  £7,729,  as  against  48,021  in 
1911.  The  receipts  were  greater  by  £872  than  the  actual  expendi- 
ture, but  including  debenture  interest,  the  net  loss  is  £5,195,  such 
loss  being  due  to  the  non-receipt  of  dividends  from  the  ''  Metall  " 
Co.  The  loan  account  with  the  Metall  Co.  is  increased  by  £764, 
and  now  stands  at  £45,144. 

The  accounts  of  the  Metall  Co.  show  a  considerable  improvement,  the  gross 
profit  being  larger  by  M.  103,073  than  in  1911,  and  after  making  full 
allowance  for  depreciation,  the  net  result  of  the  year's  working  is  a  profit  of 
M.  1,639,  as  against  a  loss  in  1911  of  M.  67.992.  Tlie  improvement  is  doe  partly 
to  decreased  cost  of  production,  and  partly  to  the  increased  prices  obtained 
during  the  last  three  months  of  the  year,  owing  to  the  re-constitution  of  the 
Copper  Tube  Syndicate  in  Germany.  The  weight  of  finished  goods  sold  wag 
somewhat  greater  than  in  the  previous  year.  The  cessation  of  the  price  war 
will,  it  isbelieved,  result  in  a  steady  improvement  in  the  earning  capacity  of 
the  company,  and  there  has  been  a  considerable  increase  in  the  selling  price 
obtained  for  the  compaD>  's  goods.  Apart  from  the  low  selling  prices  obtained 
during  the  year,  syndicate  expenses  amounted  to  M.  26,333,  a  charge  which  it 
is  anticipated  will  not  be  incurred  again.  In  addition  to  the  decrease  in  the 
cost  of  production,  general  expenses  are  less  by  M.  13,557  than  in  1911. 
Interest,  however,  shows  an  increase  of  M.  12,694.  This  is  partly  dne  to  the 
high  price  of  copper  which  ruled  during  the  year,  and  partly  to  the  high  Bank 
rate.  The  amount  due  to  Messrs.  Sal  Oppenheim,  Junr.  A  Co.  has  been 
reduced  by  M.  91,643,  and  sundry  creditors  by  M.  '22.612,  while  the  total  value 
of  copper,  stores  and  book  debts  show  an  increase  in  value  of  M.  220.313.  As 
against  this,  however,  bills  payable  show  an  increase  of  M.  '275,599.  The 
directors  are  nnable  to  report  any  substantial  progress  in  connection  with  the 
Mortens  process,  but  the  sales  of  rollers  during  the  first  three  months  ol  the 
present  year  were  considerably  more  than  for  the  same  period  last  year. 


Mk.  John  MacFarlan  presided  on  May  5th,  at  the  otKces, 
Finsbury  House,  K.C.,  over  the  annual  meeting.  He  said  that  the 
directors  were  sorry  that  the  results  of  the  year's  work  were  so 
small.  They  had,  however,  some  satisfaction  in  knowing  that  the 
causes  which  prevented  a  more  successful  result  were  causes  over 
which  they  had  no  control,  and  which  were  not  in  any  way  due  to 
the  failure  of  the  company  to  produce  good  work,  or  a  suflBcient 
quantity.  Taking  the  lowest  price  obtained  in  any  year  preN-iona 
to  the  dissolution  of  the  old  syndicate,  compared  with  the  prices 
obtained  during  the  last  four  years,  they  found  that  the  price  war 
had  caused  a  loss  of  profit  of  M.  1,383,539.  or  say  £69.000.  This 
was  no  exaggeration,  and  it  was  very  disappointing  to  the  directors, 
because  at  that  time  they  ha3  completed  the  large  extensions 
which  were  deemed  necessary,  and  were  in  a  position  to  produce 
larger  quantities  at  a  reduced  cost,  and  then,  when  it  was  hoped 
that  the  benefits  arising  from  such  extensions  would  mature,  the 
price  war  commenced.  He  desired  to  draw  the  attention  of  both 
the  debenture-holders  and  shareholders  to  the  inherent  financial 
stability  and»8trength  of  the  company,  which  enabled  it  to  ex- 
perience such  a  large  loss  of  profit  and  at  the  same  time  increaae 
its  sales  from,  say  l,3tJ0  tons  in  190S  to  1.935  tcma  in  1912.  and  te 


818 


THE    ELECTRICAL   RE\^E^Y 


[VoL  72.    No.  1,851,  May  16,  1913. 


expend  over  £30,000  on  additions  to  land,  buildinf^s,  plant,  kc, 
dnrinir  the  same  period.  A  new  syndicate  was  formed  on  Aufrust 
Ist  la£t,  but  at  that  time  they  had  in  hand  a  lar^^e  number  of 
contracts  and  orders  to  execute,  so  that  it  was  not  until  quite 
late  in  the  year  that  they  began  to  reap  the  benefit  of  inoreastd 
prices.  Their  expenditure  upon  additions  to  land,  building's  and 
plant  last  year  represented  a  comparatively  email  eurc,  less  than 
the  amount  written  off  by  way  of  depreciation,  viz.,  £3,100. 
Notwithstanding  this  small  expenditure,  their  sales  for  the  17 
weeks  of  the  present  yea/  showed  an  increase  of  more  than  10  per 
cent,  over  those  for  the  same  period  last  year  at  considerably 
bett^  prices.  They  had  an  abundance  of  work  on  hand.  It  was 
asoarce  of  great  regret  that  the  profit  made  by  the  Metall  Co.  last 
year  was  not  sufficient  to  permit  that  company  tc  declare  a  divi- 
dend, 80  that  the  interest  duf  on  January  1st  last  to  the  debenture- 
holders  of  the  Austrian  Co.  could  be  paid,  but  with  the  improved 
condition  of  matters,  it  was  only  reasonable  to  believe  that  dividends 
would  be  forthcoming  in  the  future.  With  regard  to  the  Mertens 
process,  some  progress  had  been  made,  and  they  were  selling  an 
increased  quantity  of  rollers,  but  nothing  like  the  amount  they 
should  be  selliTig.  The  business  was  a  very  important  one  for  the 
Metall  Co..  and  Mr.  Prescblin.  their  works'  manager,  was  doing  his 
best  to  bring  about  a  complete  understanding  amongst  the  parties 
interested.  The  directors  had  just  returned  from  a  visit  to  the 
works  at  Schladem,  which  they  found  to  be  in  excellent  order. 
They  saw  two  new  improvements  in  the  manufacture,  which 
promised  to  give  valuable  results  in  the  near  future  in  the  direction 
of  further  reducing  the  cost  of  production. 

Mr.  J.  Heal  seconded  the  motion. 

Mr.  Barkworth  criticised  the  figure  taken  as  the  value  of  the 
patents,  and  also  that  taken  as  the  holding  in  the  Metall  Co.,  and 
said  it  seemed  to  him  that  they  had  lost  the  whole  of  their  share 
capital  in  the  Austrian  Co.  In  view  of  that  would  it  not  be 
"well  to  wipe  out  these  items  and  write  the  capital  down 
accordingly  ? 

The  Chairman   said  they  had  some  very  valuable  patents  in 
connection    with    Slertens    process.      They    had    patents    in    22 
countries.    Times  were  hard,   and  they  could   not  deal  with  their 
holding  in  the  Austrian  Co.  now.     They  would  have   to  wait  for,, 
more  favourable  times  for  that. 

The  report  was  adopted,  and  the  retiring  director  was  elected. 

The  Chairman  said  he  thought  they  could  lock  forward  to 
better  times  now,  as  in  every  way  things  were  looking  up.  They 
were  not  so  hampered  for  want  of  cash.  The  members  of  the 
board  held  23,000  debentures  as  well  as  their  preference  and  ordinarj- 
shares,  and  he  thought  they  conld  see  their  way  to  pay  some 
interest  next  .Tuly. 


Potteries  Electric  Traction  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  that  the  capital  exnenditure  during  1912  was 
£2,559.  The  total  receipts  amounted 'to  £117,101.  The  traffic 
receipts,  £100,646,  showed  a  decrease  of  £.506,  as  compared  with  the 
previoDS  year,  due  to  the  unrest  in  industrial  circles  during  the 
early  part  of  the  year.  After  deducting  all  expenses  chargeable  to 
revenue,  including  £11,524  for  debenture  and  other  interest,  there 
remains  a  balance  of  £35,189,  as  compared  with  £35,100  for  1911, 
Adding  the  balance  of  £081  brought  forward,  there  is  a  balance 
available  for  distribution  of  £35,870,  which  the  directors  recom- 
mend should  be  applied  as  follows  : — Depreciation — reserve 
account,  i;2,000;  renewals  account,  £12,500;  dividend  5  per  cent, 
per  annum  on  the  preference  shares,  £12.250  ;  dividend  3J  per  cent, 
per  annum  on  the  ordinary  shares,  £8,575  ;  carry  forward,  £545. 
The  depreciation  and  reserve  account  will  then  stand  at  £21,000,  and 
there  will  be  a  credit  balance  on  the  renewals  account  of  £13,869. 
During  the  year  £17,486,  as  compared  with  £18,040  in  1911,  has 
been  expended  on  the  improvement,  renewal  and  repair  of  the 
permanent  way. 
The  annual  meeting  will  be  held  on  May  19th. 

19U.  1913. 

Milec  open— Route  miles 31  68  31-68 

Nnmber  of  pat sengers  carried 19,819,027  19,575,558 

Average  receipts  per  passenger  .,  l-92d,  r23d. 

Average  working  expenditure  per  pacsenger  •71'1.  •71d. 

Proportion  of  expeDBes  to  receipts  58%  57% 

Number  of  care         110  110 


(ak-Qtta   Electric  Supply  ( orporatioii,  Ltd. 

The  dirfctors  report  for  the  year  1912  states  that  12,n43,.398  units 
were  sold,  compared  with  10,566,038  units  in  1911.  The  number 
of  consumers  connected  at  December  3l8t  last  was  7,030.  compared 
with  6,383  in  1911,  an  increase  of  647,  and  the  equivalent  connec- 
tions in  33-watt  lamps  show  an  increase  of  92,726.  The  results  for 
the  past -four  years  are  as  follows  : — 

Eqciv.  cod- 
Cod-  necticDe  iD 
Tear.        sumers.  33-watt  lamps.  Uoits  sold, 

1909  5,078  l.-ia.aTa  7,856 .38,3 

1910  5,695  528938  M,94O.0OS 

1911  6.383  616.721  10,566  038 

1912  7,OilO  709,447  12,043.398 

Exchange  is  calculated  at  Is.  4d.  per  Rupee. 

The  profits  fcr  1912  amount  to  £110,169.  which,  with  the 
balance  brought  forward  frcm  I'Jll,  and  interest  received  on  money 
at  deposit,  makes  a  total  of  £114  989,  The  directors  have  invested 
an  additional  £10,053  on  account  of  the  reserve  fund,  increasing 
the  investments  to  £50,561.     Some  of  the  invefttments.  in  common 


Grofs  Net 

reveDDC.  revenue. 

£127  576  £67,024 
£137,998  £85,597 

£151.905  £95.697 

£173,907  £110,168 


with  many  gilt-edged  securities,  have  depreciated  in  value,  and  the 
board  have  accordingly  written  off  £1,500  from  the  cost  price. 
After  deducting  the  interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per 
annum  paid  on  the  ordinary  shares  in  November,  1912;  the  divi- 
dends paid  and  accrued  on  the  preference  shares  :  the  £1,500  for 
depreciation  of  securities,  and  the  other  items  set  out  in  the  net 
revenue  account,  there  remains  an  available  balance  of  £68,908. 
The  directors  recommend  that  £35,000  be  placed  to  the  credit  of 
the  depreciation  and  renewals  account ;  that  £5,000  be  added  to  the 
reserve  fund,  and  that  a  final  dividend  be  paid  on  the  ordinary 
shares  for  the  second  half  -  year,  at  the  rate  of  10  per 
cent,  per  annum,  making  SJ  per  cent,  for  the  year,  which 
will  leave  £2,862  to  be  carried  forward  after  pro- 
viding for  the  directors'  extra  remuneration  of  £2,500. 
The  reserve  for  depreciation  and  renewals  will  thus  be  increased  to 
£114  311,  and  the  reserve  fund,  with  the  addition  of  £1.988  from 
dividends  on  investments,  kc.,  will  stand  at  £91,088.  The  high- 
tension  station  at  Cossipore  was  opened  in  July  last,  and  is  now 
practically  complete.  The  amount  expended  up  to  December  3 Ist 
last  has  been  divided  up  under  the  proper  headings  in  the  capital 
account.  The  demand  in  Calcutta  for  electrical  energy  continues 
steadily  increasing,  and  the  result  of  the  working  for  1912  must 
be  considered  satisfactory.  The  directors  regret  to  report  the 
retirement,  on  April  30th  of  this  year,  of  the  agent  and  manager, 
Mr.  F.  Rawson,  C.M.G.,  who  has  efficiently  occupied  that  position 
since  January,  1908.  Mr.  R,  E.  Winkfield,  chief  engineer,  has  been 
appointed  agent  and  chief  engineer.  Major-General  Mahon,  one  of 
the  directors,  has  visited  Calcutta,  and  furnished  the  board  with  a 
valuable  report  upon  the  working  of  the  company. 


Units  generated,  in  sw, -hours 

Units  sold— Public  lamps 
B;  special  contract 
By  meter  for  lighting 
B;  meter  for  power    . 
Total  so' d 

Used  on  works 

Not  accoumed  for.. 

Accounted  for        

Max,  sDpplj  demanded,  kw.    . 


15,369,028 

7.42.'i 

726,807 

3  681,311 

7,627,855 

12,043,398 

1,399,365 

1,926,865 

13,442.663 

5,680 


River  Plate  Electricity  Co.,  Ltd. 

This  company  held  its  annual  meeting  on  Monday,  May  5th. 

The  report  for  the  year  ended  December.  1912,  showed  continued 
progress.  The  net  revenue,  after  providing  for  administration 
expenses,  bad  debts  and  all  necessary  depreciations,  amounted  to 
Hoi,  176,  plus  £7,659  brought  forward.  Deducting  interest  on  5  per 
cent,  debenture  stock,  £10.000,  there  is  a  surplus  of  £48.835.  out  of 
which  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  for  the  year  upon  the 
preference  stock  absorbs  £7,500.  a  dividend  of  10  per  cent,  for  the 
year  upon  the  ordinary  stock,  £12,000,  interest  at  the  rate  of  10  per 
cent,  on  the  instalments  upon  the  new  shares  absorbs  £890,  addition 
to  general  reserve,  £15,000,  income-tax  reserve,  £2,000,  further  re- 
muneration to  directors,  £1,029,  carry  forward,  £10.416. 
With  the  above-mentioned  £15,000  from  revenne  and  £30,000 
transferred  from  premium  account  hereafter  mentioned,  the  general 
reserve  will  stand  at  £145,000,  In  addition.  £8,450  has  been 
charged  against  the  year's  revenue  for  depreciation  of  plant, 
increasing  that  reserve  to  £44,872,  and  bringing,  with  the  carry 
forward  of  £10,416,  the  total  reserves  of  the  company  to  over 
£200.000.  Though  there  have  been  delays  due  to  the  non-delivery 
of  plant  contracted  for  in  this  country,  good  progress  is  being  made 
with  the  extensive  additions  to  the  new  generating  station  at 
Eneenada,  and  it  is  anticipated  that  by  the  early  autumn  of  the 
present  year  the  new  plant  will  be  finished  and  put  into  commis- 
sion. This  will  enable  the  generation  of  light  and  power  to  be 
wholly  conducted  at  Ensenada.  from  which  added  efficiency  and 
considerable  economies  will  result.  The  important  work  of  placing 
the  company's  cables  and  electric  connections  underground  in  the 
leading  streets  and  squares  of  the  city  of  La  Plata  has  been 
started,  and  it  will  be  completed  and  the  company's  generating 
station  at  La  Plata  dismantled  well  ahead  of  the  time  stipulated 
for  in  the  contract  with  the  Government  of  the  province  of  Buenos 
Ayres.  On  their  part  the  Government  propose  largely  to  increase 
the  public  arc  lighting  in  the  central  districts  of  La  Plata.  The 
arrangement  between  the  Electrica  del  Norte  and  this  crmpany 
for  joint  working  at  Tucuman  is  now  in  operation.  The  Hydro- 
Electric  Co.  of  Tucuman  has  been  running  in  competition  since 
early  in  November,  and  for  some  time  past  non-commercial  rates  of 
charge  for  light  and  power  have  prevailed.  This  company  and  the 
Electrica  del  Norte  will  continue  to  make  competitive  rates  at 
Tucuman  so  long  as  may  be  necessary  to  retain  their  business. 

30  000  new  ordinary  shares  of  £1  each  were,  in  May  last,  issued 
to  the  stockholders  at  a  premium  of  £1  per  share.  The  shares 
were  fully  subscribed  and  in  due  course  allotted.  The  full  premium 
of  £30,000  received  has  been  adf'ed  to  the  general  reserve.  The 
shares  will  be  converted  into  ordinary  ftock  immediately.  The 
fourth  payment  on  account  of  the  amortisation  of  the  5  per  cent, 
obligations  of  the  German  Trans-Oceanic  Electric  Co.  (Series  1) 
held  by  this  company,  viz.  : — £1.900,  was  duly  made  on  April  Ist, 
1912,  reducing  the  amount  outstanding  to  £142,900. 


Mr.  M.  W.  Mattinson,  K  C,  presiding  at  the  meeting  at 
Capel  House,  62.  New  Broad  Street,  E.C  ,  said  that  the  net  profits 
for  the  year  ending  December  31ft,  1911,  amounted  to  £47  200, 
whilst  those  for  the  year  ending  December  31st  last  amounted  to 
£51,l7."i.  During  the  last  nine  years  their  net  profits  had  grown 
from  £20,000  a  year  to  £51,000,  whilst,  during  that  time,  the 
addition  to  their  capital    liabilities  w««  only  £65,000.     This  satis- 


Vol. 72.  No.  i,HM,  May  ic,  191H.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    hi: VIEW. 


819 


I 


faotory  poRition  wm  doe  to  the  larfre  amoont  of  undivided  proflte 
which  had  been  carried  to  the  reserve  fund  and  applied  to  the 
extension  of  the  btinineHB.  The  available  profitH  for  the  yoar  enabled 
them,  after  ineetintf  all  i)rior  charges,  to  roconimend,  for  the  fifth 
year  in  BucceeBion,  a  diviilend  of  10  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  share 
capital,  to  add  £l.'i,000  ajrain  to  the  reMcrvo  fund,  and  to  carry 
forward  £3,767  more,  brintfinsr  up  the  carry  forward  to 
£10,116.  They  had  distributed  less  than  their  available 
proflts,  and  their  conservative  policy  in  this  regard  needed  no 
apology.  The  result  of  their  policy  was  that  they  were  in 
a  very  stronj;  position,  and  could  face  the  competition  in  Tucuman 
with  the  confident  assurance  that  it  was  well  within  their  powers 
to  sustain  it  as  lon(r  as  nii^ht  be  necessary.  The  chairman  pro- 
ceeded to  deal  with  the  items  in  the  profit  and  loss  account,  and 
said  the  revenue  from  the  La  Plata,  Ensenada  and  Tucuman  stations 
had  increased  by  £6,77.^,  which  was  eminently  satisfactory  in 
view  of  the  circumstances  of  the  year,  which,  apart  from 
the  growth  of  bu8ines^*  in  La  Plata  and  Ensenada,  were  not 
favourable.  All  the  extra  profit  wan  made  at  La  Plata  and 
Ensenada,  for  the  competition  at  Tucuman,  although  it  only  com- 
menced in  the  middle  of  November,  affected  the  net  results  of  the 
station  for  the  whole  year.  The  conditions  were  also  unfavourable 
in  respect  of  the  price  of  coal,  which  last  year  cost  them  a  con- 
siderable sum,  and  would  also  cost  them  extra  this  year,  althoup;h 
next  year  he  was  confident  there  would  be  a  material  allevia- 
tion. In  addition,  during  the  whole  of  the  year  they  had 
the  cost  of  running  two  stations  instead  of  one,  and  this 
would  also  continue  during  the  greater  part  of  the  present 
year ;  although  here  again,  barring  nnforeeeen  circumstances, 
it  would  come  to  an  end  in  the  autumn.  There  had  been 
a  steady  growth  of  business,  both  at  La  Plata  and  Ensenada, 
which  had  fully  realised  their  expectations,  and  in  addition  the 
modem  turbine  plant  erected  at  Ensenada  had  justified  their  calcu- 
lations as  to  economy  of  production.  Interest  from  investments 
was  down  by  £461,  which  was  due  to  the  failure  of  the  La  Plata 
Tramways  Co.  to  pay  its  preference  interest.  The  cause  was  well 
known,  being  due  to  defalcations  by  the  company's  cashier.  The 
La  Plata  Tramways  Co.,  however,  was  a  sound  concern  with  excellent 
prospects,  and  its  earnings  were  steadily  growing,  and  before  long 
the  arrears  on  the  preference  shares  would  be  paid,  as  well  as  divi- 
dends on  the  ordinary  capital,  in  which  they  were  also  interested. 
Their  miscellaneous  receipts,  outside  of  the  profit  of  their  generating 
stations  were  equal  to  over  80  per  cent,  of  the  debenture  interest — a 
proportion  likely  to  be  etill  further  improved  in  the  future.  Dealing 
next  with  the  balance-sheet,  the  Chairman  pointed  out  the  consider- 
able increase  in  the  item  of  stations,  which  was  mainly  represented 
by  the  expenditure  during  the  year  on  the  large  extension  at  En- 
senada ;  the  making  of  extensions  for  customers,  and  the  provision 
of  arc  lamps  for  the  Government.  If  they  added  the  items  set 
apart  this  year,  and  the  amount  carried  forward,  they  had  total 
reserves  of  over  1-200.000.  There  was  a  further  considerable  reserve 
in  the  appreciation  of  the  value  of  their  real  estate  at  La  Plata  and 
Ensenada,  and  he  thought  he  was  justified  in  saying  that  they  were 
not  in  an  unfavourable  position  for  a  company  with  an  ordinary 
capital  of  1 150,000.  As  regarded  the  future,  there  would  be  further 
economy  when  they  shut  down  the  station  at  La  Plata  and 
worked  only  from  Ensenada.  The  growth  of  La  Plata  was  justify- 
ing the  most  hopeful  prognostications  of  those  who  believed 
in  it.  Apart  from  their  business  in  private  lighting,  they 
were  looking  to  a  material  growth  in  public  lighting  busi- 
ness and  traction  and  power.  The  Government  of  the 
provinces  of  Buenos  Ayres  were  adding  largely  to  the  public 
lighting.  The  two  tramway  companies  they  served  were  also 
steadily  extending,  whilst  a  large  number  of  freezing  and  other 
establishments  were  being  promoted  at  Ensenada,  which  would 
require  large  quantities  of  power,  and  at  present  there  were  nego- 
tiations on  the  subject.  Until  the  completion  of  their  extensions 
at  Ensenada  they  could  not  have  attempted  large  supplies,  but 
when,  as  would  be  the  case  in  the  autumn,  they  had  establif^hed 
9,000-KW.  turbine  plant,  they  would  be  able  to  take  on  bulk 
business  unthought  of  a  few  years  ago.  It  was  too  early  to  say 
what  would  be  arranged,  but  he  was  not  unhopeful  of  seeing  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  business  obtained,  and,  in  any  case,  with 
their  extensions  they  would  be  able  to  serve  the  industries  of 
Ensenada  and  La  Plata  with  power  on  terms  as  satisfactory 
as  in  any  other  town  in  the  Republic.  The  chairman 
next  dealt  at  considerable  length  with  the  position  of  affairs 
in  Tucuman.  and  pointed  out  that  on  the  private  business  they 
were  making  a  loss.  Their  competitor,  the  Hydro-Electric  Co.,  had 
a  big  organisation  for  a  business  which  was  comparatively  trifling 
in  extent,  and  obviously  they  must  be  making  a  still  greater  loss. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  arrangement  made  by  their  company  with 
the  Electrica  del  Norte  was  working  most  satisfactorily  and  was 
benefitin^r  both  concerns,  and  they  had  now  also  a  share  in  the  profits 
of  the  Santiago  station  and  in  the  tramway  system  of  Tucuman, 
which  was  also  non-competitive.  This  latter  remark  might  be 
difficult  to  reconcile  with  the  statements  made  in  the  prospectus 
issued  by  the  Hydro-Electric  Co.,  in  1912,  in  which  it  was 
stated  that  that  company  had  a  valuable  electric  tramway  con- 
cession within  the  city  of  Tucuman  and  suburbs,  "a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  which  was  already  constructed. "  He  knew 
nothing  one  way  or  the  other  about  the  concession  ;  but,  as  a 
matter  of  fact,  in  April,  1912,  there  was  not  a  single  yard  of 
electric  tramways  in  Tucuman  or  its  suburbs  belonging  to  the 
Hydro-Electric  Co.,  and  even  now  there  were  no  electric  tramways 
in  the  city  or  suburbs  which  did  not  belong  to  the  Electrica  del 
Norte.  Another  interesting  factor  iu  the  Tucuman  problem  was 
that  of  oil  fuel,  and  in  this  connection  the  most  interesting  develop- 
ment might  be  imminent.  Last  year  he  told  them  that  a  Diesel 
engine   would    be  a   much  more  economical   producer   of    current 


than  a  co*tly  hydraolio  lyitem  »ita»t«d  m%nj  mllat  aw>y 
tranHmitting  over  loner  dUtanoe  linen,  and  with  trtniformlnir 
plautH  at  the  pointii  of  diHtribiition.  The  iliflitMilty  waa  th*t 
oil  fiiul  wan  not  availitbli)  in  Argentina  at  p-muni-rntive  price*, 
but,  as  they  knew,  there  hu<l  b<:<'n  an  i-normoun  increane  in  th« 
output  from  thcr  Mcxit^un  oiltlcIdH  and  the  .Mexican  Co.  were 
arranging  for  th«!  trani-jHirt  of  oil  in  bulk  U)  Argentine.  Thoy  were 
in  correspondence  with  the  company  on  the  whole  nubject,  and 
sooner  or  later  there  would  be  fuel  available  from  that  Hoaro«.  He 
had  also  read  lat<'ly  that  large  deponi»H  of  oil  had  liesn  found  in  the 
province  of  Salta,  which  immediately  adjoined  Tucuman,  and  if 
this  was  HO,  the  supply  would  l)0  really  a  Uxial  one.  There  would  be 
no  question  of  scrapping  their  nteam  plant  if  they  got  the  oil  fuel, 
for  it  could  be  kept  for  spare  and  auxiliary  purposcH,  and  then  they 
would  be  able  to  <|uote  a  tariff  which  would  tx;  more  to  the  benefit  of 
the  inhabitants  than  any  a<lvantnge  they  derived  from  cutting  ratei 
at  the  present  time.  In  the  meantime,  he  supposed,  the  competition 
must  continue,  and  so  they  had  earmarked  the  £16,000  placed  to 
reserve  as  a  Tucuman  contingency  fund,  and  this,  ho  long  an  waa 
necessary,  would  be  resorted  to  to  meet  any  losaes  at  that  place.  They 
were  confident  that  by  doing  this  they  would  maintain  their  petition 
over  the  next  few  years,  a])art  from  the  fact  that  the  growth  at 
La  Plata  and  Endenada  was  likely  to  meet  any  such  Iobmh  at 
Tucuman. 

Mb.   R.    Miller    seconded   the    motion,   and    the    report    waa 
adopted. 


Sliang:hai    Electric   Construction   Co.,   Ltd.  —  The 

directors  report  that  the  accounts  for  1912  show  a  profit  of  £24,727, 
against  £14,139  for  1911.  Including  the  sum  brought  forward, 
the  amount  available  is  £28,028.  There  has  been  transferred  to 
reserve  for  renewals  account  ■»:k,.50O,  and  there  has  been  applied 
in  reduction  of  the  preliminary  expenses  account  £1,.5.54,  leaving 
£17,974.  The  directors  recommend  ai  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  for 
the  year,  less  income-tax.  leaving  to  be  carried  forward  £1,974. 
The  percentage  of  loss  by  exchange  on  subsidiary  coinage  waa 
higher  in  1912  than  1911.  but  has  recently  shown  a  tendency  to 
decrease.  The  loss  under  this  head  for  the  year  was  V2'A,'J'.U,  and 
is  almost  equal  to  7J  per  cent,  on  the  capital.  The  sanction  of  the 
Municipal  Council  of  Shanghai  has  been  obtained  to  a  new  type  of 
motor-car,  and  the  rolling  stock  is  being  increased  this  year  by 
15  motor-cars  and  10  trailers,  raising  the  total  numbers  to  80  and 
40  respectively.  In  addition,  further  facilities  have  become  neces- 
sary to  meet  the  growing  traffic,  and  an  application  to  the  Muni- 
cipal Council  to  introduce  a  system  of  railless  electric  traction  hae 
resulted  in  the  sanction  of  a  preliminary  installation  in  Fokien 
Road.  It  is  anticipated  that  such  a  system  affords  the  best  means 
of  dealing  with  traffic  in  thoroughfares  which  are  too  narrow  for 
tramways,  and  that,  as  the  initial  expense  of  laying  a  permanent 
and  costly  roadbed  is  avoided,  the  financial  result  should  prove 
profitable  to  the  company.  The  power  agreement,  under  which  the 
company  purchases  electrical  energy  from  the  Council,  became  due 
for  revision  as  regards  rates  in  March,  and  negotiations  for  a  reduc- 
tion in  price  are  in  progress.  Through  running  was  inaugurated 
on  June  19th  last,  on  which  date  the  lines  of  this  crmpany  and  of 
the  French  Tramway  Co.  were  linked  up  rin  South  Chekiang  Road 
Bridge,  and  on  August  18th  through  running  over  the  reconstructed 
Bund  Bridge  commenced.  Increased  traffic  has  resulted,  but  the 
full  benefit  of  the  through  rcmning  cannot  be  obtained  untU  an 
increased  service  of  cars  and  through  tickets  are  provided  for. 

Mexborough  and  Rawmarsh  Constraction  Syndicate, 

Ltd, — The  directors'  report,  given  in  the  Financier,  states  that  the 
net  revenue  account  of  the  Mexborough  and  Swinton  Tramways 
Co.,  after  providing  £91  for  depreciation  on  furniture,  fittings, 
plant  and  tools,  and  on  motors,  ^tc,  on  hire,  and  writing  £201  off 
stock,  is  £5,043,  plus  £152  brought  forward.  After  providing 
£1,500  for  reserves  for  the  tramway  and  lighting  undertakings, 
there  is  a  balance  of  £3. 695.  out  of  which  the  syndicate  will  receive 
£3,501.  The  balance  to  the  credit  of  the  syndicate's  profit  and  loss 
account  for  the  year  to  December  3l8t  is  £3,522,  to  which  has  to  be 
added  £172  brought  forward,  making  a  total  of  £3,695.  The 
directors  recommend  the  payment  of  a  dividend  of  2  per  cent.,  free 
of  tax,  amounting  to  £3,500,  and  that  the  balance  of  £195  t)e 
carried  forward.  The  decrease  in  the  traffic  receipts  of  the 
Mexborough  and  Swinton  Tramways  Co.,  as  compared  with  thoee 
for  1911,  is  a  result  of  the  national  coal  strike,  mining  being  the 
chief  industry  in  the  district  served  by  the  tramways.  The  traffic 
receipts  to  May  5th  of  this  year  show  an  increase  of  £776  over 
those  for  the  corresponding  period  of  last  year.  The  revenue  and 
expenditure  of  the  lighting  undertaking  were  also  affected  by  the 
coal  strike,  the  increased  cost  of  fuel  alone  amounting  to  £328. 
The  tramway  company's  consulting  engineers  having  advised  that 
the  present  plant  is  inadequate  to  deal  with  present  and  future 
requirements  of  the  company,  the  directors  have  decided  to  instal 
additional  plant,  involving  a  capital  expenditure  of  about  £5,000 
Considerable  economies  in  working  costs  should  be  effected  by  thte 
installation. 

Brazilian  Traction.  Light  and   Power  Co.,  Ltd. — 

There  has  been  published  in  the  daily  Press  a  copy  of  a  circular 
sent  out  to  shareholders,  calling  a  meeting  for  May  2ord  at 
Toronto,  at  which  a  resolution  will  come  forward  to  create  an  issue 
of  §10,000,000  par  value  of  6  per  cent,  cumulative  preference 
shares  (100,000)  for  the  purpose  of  meeting  the  reqniremente  of 
the  Rio  de  Janeiro  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  and  Sao  Paulo 
Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co..  of  both  of  which  the  company  is 
the  principal  shareholder 


820 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,851,  May  16,  1913. 


Xairobi  Electric  Power  and  Li$rhtinp  Co.,  Ltd, 

Thk  meetirgr  of  this  company  was  held  on  May  7th  at  the  office, 
50,  Mark  Lane,  B.C..  General  Sir  Stanley  Edwardes,  K.C.B.. 
preeidiner. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Elec.  Rev  ,  page  ti,>2),  said  that  the  capital  expenditure  on 
works  now  stood  at  £32,368,  an  increase  durinp  the  year  of  £3,C01. 
The  property  account  stood  at  £513,  an  increase  of  £238,  due  to 
the  purchase  of  a  town  stand  on  which  the  company's  new  offices 
and  stores  were  to  be  erected.  Stocks  on  hand  and  in  transit  at 
£3,363,  were  only  a  trifle  higher  than  at  the  end  of  the  previous 
year.  On  the  other  side  of  the  account,  the  share  capital  had 
increased  to  £23,000  by  the  issue  to  the  vendor  of  the  balance  of 
the  purchase  price  payable  to  him.  The  increased  capital  expen- 
diture of  over  £;-<.200  had  been  partly  met  by  the  issue  of  a  further 
£2,000  debentures,  and  the  balance  had  been  provided  out  of 
revenue.  Paesinji:  to  the  revenue  account,  the  principal  item  of  sale 
of  current  amounted  to  ■»:."), 400,  an  increase  of  £1,044, 
this  being  nearly  20  per  cent,  increase.  The  other  ItfmB 
of  receipts  also  showed  satisfactory  increase,  making  the 
total  £7.607,  which  was  £1,811  more  than  in  the  year 
before,  or  31  per  cent,  increase  in  gross  receipts. 
The  expenses  naturally  showed  some  increase  in  an  expanding 
business,  but  in  the  past  year  they  had  had  to  face  some  abnor- 
mally heavy  expenditure.  The  directois  expected  that  for  the 
present  year  they  would  have  a  substantial  further  increase  of 
gross  receipts,  with  a  smaller  expenditure  than  for  1912.  No  sum 
had  yet  been  set  aside  for  depreciation.  The  plant  had  been 
efficiently  maintained  out  of  revenue,  and,  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
the  company  held  properties  acquired  in  its  early  days,  before  the 
grreat  increase  in  local  values  of  the  past  two  or  three  years, 
which  properties  were  estimated  to  have  a  realisable  cash  value 
considerably  exceeding  the  amount  of  depreciation  on  machinery 
and  plant,  the  directors  were  of  opinion  that  the  position  of  the 
company  was  quite  sound  in  this  respect.  The  result  of  the  year's 
working  was  a  net  profit  of  *;2,C43,  and,  after  wiping  out  the 
adverse  balance  remaining  in  revenue  account  at  the  end  of  the 
previous  year,  there  was  left  available  a  net  balance  £l,4r.6.  There 
was  a  contingent  liability  of  the  dividends  on  the  cumulative  pre- 
ference shares,  and  the  directors  duly  declared  and  paid  in  January 
last  by  way  of  an  interim  dividend,  the  preference  dividends  for 
the  years  1906  and  1907,  during  which  years  the  shares  were  being 
taken  up  and  paid  for.  This  absorbed  £."32,  thus  leaving  a  balance 
of  £'.(23  still  available  for  dealing  with.  The  directors  had  decided 
that  while  the  available  balance  was  more  than  sufficient  to  pay 
the  preference  dividend  for  another  year,  it  would  strengthen  their 
financial  position  to  defer  the  payment  of  such  a  dividend  for  a 
short  time. 

The  IIox.  R.  C.  Batldon  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report 
was  adopted. 


Great  Northern  Telegraph  Co..  Ltd.,  of  Denmark. 

This  oompanv  held  its  meeting  on  April  26th  at  Copenhagen.  The 
chairman  (Commodore  E.  Suenson.  D.R.N'.),  in  his  account  of  the 
working  during  the  year  1912,  said  that,  in  spite  of  the  disturbances 
nearly  all  over  the  world  caused  by  war  and  political  or  social  con- 
flicts, commencing  in  1911  with  the  revolution  in  China  and  the 
war  between  Italy  and  Turkey,  and  followed  in  1912  by  the 
sanguinary  struggle  between  the  allied  Balkan  States  and  their 
common  enemy,  .tc  ,  the  company's  telegraphic  system  had  worked 
quite  normally,  thanks  to  its  distant  situation  from  the  principal 
theatre  of  events.  During  the  year  10  of  their  cables  in  Europe 
had  been  interrupted  12  times,  whilst  six  ia  Asia  had  been  sub- 
ject to  15  interruptions.  Their  cable  steamers  had  been  less 
engaged  in  repairing  their  cables  than  during  the  previous  year, 
and  they  had  also  had  less  to  do  for  other  administrations.  The 
//.  C.  Orsteil  had  been  occupied  in  Europe  for  62  days,  of  which 
l.'i  were  for  the  account  of  other  administrations,  against  16:,  and 
32  re-opectively  in  1911  :  and  the  Store  .Xonlijike  and  Pacific  in  the 
Far  East  for  230  days,  of  which  68  were  for  other  administrations, 
against  281  and  120  respectively. 

The  movement  which  had  manifested  itself  in  Outer  Mongolia 
and  also  in  Thibet  for  a  separation  from  Chinese  domination  had 
fortunately,  so  far,  not  seriously  affected  the  transmission  of  their 
traffic  between  Europe  and  the  Far  East,  either  by  the  Kiachta 
route,  which  traversed  the  whole  of  Mongolia,  or  by  the  \Madi- 
wostock  route,  which  on  Russian  territory  skirted  the  whole  of  the 
frontiers  of  Mongolia  and  Manchuria.  On  the  contrary,  the  autho- 
rities of  those  countries  seemed  to  take  special  interest  in  protecting 
and  maintaining  the  lines,  and  in  conserving  their  discreet  and 
neutral  service.  The  company's  negotiations  with  Japan  regarding 
future  relations  with  that  Empire  after  the  expiration  of  the  com- 
pany's exclusive  privileges,  were  resumed  in  July  last  after  a 
suspense  of  several  years.  These  negotiations  had  kept  the 
company  fully  occupied  both  in  .lapan.  at  Ttkio,  and 
here  in  Europe,  because  the  wishes  and  proposals  of 
Japan  made  it  necessary  for  this  company  to  obtain  the  consent 
of  several  of  their  concessionary  Governments,  and  also  the 
concurrence  of  other  Government  and  private  administrations 
interested  in  the  transmission  of  the  traffic  with  Japan  and  with 
other  countries  in  the  Far  East.  All  these  negotiations  had 
necessarily  taken  a  considerable  time,  and  they  were  further  delayed 
by  the  death  on  July  30th  last  of  the  Emperor  of  Japtn. 

In  spite  of  all  these  obstacles  they  had  by  means  of  mutual  con- 
cessions,  succeeded    in   arriving   at    an    understanding   with   the 
Imperial   Administration   embodied    in    "Heads   of    Agreement, 
which  were  aiinied   at  Tokio  on  December  28th,  1918,  the  date  of 


expiration  of   their  exclusive  privileges,  and  shortly   afterwards 
approved  by  the  Imperial  Government. 

The  stipulation  of  these  "  Heads  "  fixes  in  principle  the  solution 
of  all  questions  in  dispute,  and  also  the  future  relations  between 
Japan  and  the  company  in  a  sufficiently  clear  and  detailed  manner 
so  as  not  to  leave  any  doubt  as  to  their  definitive  interpretation. 

The  main  points  are  the  tollo»iog:— 

1.  The  company  loees  i(8  exclumve  piivilegtB  in  Japan  without  an;  com- 
pensation whatever. 

3.  The  perpetual  rights  of  the  company  with  resulting  duties  and  obliga- 
tions will  be  embodied  in  a  new  document  in  conformity  with  the  terms  of  the 
okl  concessions. 

3.  It  was  of  great  importance  to  Japan  to  arrange  for  the  laying  of  a  Govern- 
ment cable  between  Nagasaki  and  Shanghai  for  the  transmlrsion  of  telegrams 
written  in  Japanese  Kana  characters,  and  for  Government  telegrams  ex- 
changed terminally  between  Japan  and  Shanghai.  Tbey  also  desired  to  ose 
the  existing  Japanese  cable  between  the  island  cf  FoimoEii  and  Foochow, 
which  had  hitherto  carried  only  terminal  Formosan  traffic,  for  the  trans- 
mission of  all  telegrams  from  and  to  the  whole  of  the  Japanese  Empire. 

Although  the  realisation  of  these  wishes  would  constitute  an  infringement 
of  the  privileges  granted  by  China  to  the  company  until  1930,  and  shared  by  the 
Kastern  Extension  Co  ,  they  had  with  the  approbation  of  the  Chinese  Govern- 
ment agreed  to  the  wishes  of  Japan,  but,  in  order  to  avoid  too  serious  a  com- 
petition between  all  the  interested  parties,  subject  to  the  condition  that  a 
joint  purse  arrangement  be  made  for  the  next  18  years  for  the  division  of  the 
receipts  between  Japan,  China  and  the  company,  in  an  impartial  manner  to 
be  flxed  beforehand. 

4.  Lastly,  the  sacrifice  which  would  most  seriously  atlect  the  financial 
interest  of  the  shareholders  was :  Large  and  numerous  tariff  reductions 
varying  from  20  to  67  per  cent,  of  the  old  rates  for  the  differcLt  classes  of 
Japanese  correspondence.  These  reductions  were  the  more  perceptible 
because  it  would  be  impossible  to  grant  several  of  them  to  Japan  without  al>o 
granting  them  to  China  and  other  countries  in  the  Far  East.  In  I,H70  and  1671 
tbese  countries,  simultaneously  with  Japan,  were  brought  by  the  company 
into  telegraphic  communication  with  the  rest  of  the  world,  and  they  had 
honoured  the  company  with  the  same  confidence  and  hospitality  as  they  bad 
enjoyed  in  the  Empire  of  the  Bising  Bun. 

There  was  another  Great  Power  which  tbroogh  its  honoured 
and  respected  organs  manifested  its  salutary  influences  every- 
where, viz.,  "  The  World's  Press,''  for  whose  benefit  they  desired  to 
make  considerable  tariff  reductions  in  the  hope  that  its  telegraphic 
correspondence  with  the  Far  East  would  lead  to  a  more  intimate 
and  intelligent  mutual  knowledge  and  a  more  cordial  understandings 
between  the  peoples  of  the  East  and  the  West. 

The  introduction  of  the  aforementioned  reduced  rates  would 
result  in  a  very  considerable,  and  as  yet  indeterminable,  decrease  in 
their  telegraphic  receipts.  The  board,  nevertheless,  accepted  it 
with  equanimity,  thanks  to  their  reserve  and  other  funds.  It  was 
an  advantage  that  the  reductions  would  probably  not  come  into 
force  for  another  month  or  two,  because  the  losses  of  the  first  12 
months  under  the  new  regime  would  thereby  be  distributed  over 
two  financial  years  of  the  company. 

Another,  and  a  still  greater  advantage,  was  that  the  financial 
receipts  of  the  year  1912  had  been  considerably  better  than  those 
of  the  preceding  year,  in  which  the  loss  of  the  Norwegian  conces- 
sions caused  a  perceptible  decrease  in  the  receipts.  During  the  last 
year  the  receipts  had  risen  afresh,  thanks  to  the  extraordinary 
events  of  the  year  which,  without  interfering  with  the  stability 
and  working  of  the  lines,  had  created  an  almost  prodigious  increase 
in  the  telegraphic  correspondence.  The  receipts  had  been  large 
enough  to  enable  them  to  propose  an  increase  of  the  bonus  by  2  per 
cent.,  or  a  total  distribution  of  20  per  cent,  for  1912,  in  spite  of  the 
large  loss  of  revenue  which  they  expected  to  have  shortly.  Share- 
holders were,  however,  recommended  not  to  draw  conclusions  too 
lightly  as  to  the  future  from  the  increased  bonus  this  year,  the 
prospective  losses  being,  as  previously  stated,  impossible  to  estimate 
at  present. 

The  chairman  went  on  to  refer  to  the  placing  of  an  exceptional 
dotation  of  £lti,i">00  to  the  pension  fund,  as  a  well-merited  appre- 
ciation of  the  fatiguing  work  of  the  emplojes.  Traffic  receipts  had 
increased  by  about  £57,850,  but  of  this  £  19,680  was  due  to  the  fact 
that  the  loss  on  exchange  of  the  previous  year  of  t7,160  had  this 
year  been  changed  to  a  gain  of  about  £12,250;  interest  had 
decreased  by  £670.  whilst  sundries  had  decreased  by  £3,500.  The 
total  expenses  had  increased  by  £9,520.  Participation  in  other 
telegraph  undertakings  had  decreased  by  £1<'.,480,  representing  the 
amortisation  of  the  advances  made  to  the  Chinese  Administration. 
The  board  had  thought  it  necessary  to  write  off  about  £69.400  in 
consequence  of  the  decreased  value  of  investments  through  the 
universal  depreciation  of  gilt-edged  securities  during  the  last  few 
years. 


!Sini?apore  Elettric  Tramways,  Ltd. 

The  ordinary  general  meeting  was  held  on  Tuesday  at  the  offices, 
r.i,  St.  Swithin's  Lane,  E.G.,  Sir  Frank  A.  Swettenham  presiding. 

The  Chaidman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  77i;),  said  that  during  the  past  year 
£:;,yuO  worth  of  debentures  had  been  paid  and  cancelled,  thus 
reducing  the  total  debenture  liability  to  c:!2i'>,.">00.  The  tramway 
undertaking  stood  at  i;678,7.")7,  as  against  1 689,0."..'i  at  the  end  of 
1911.  A  small  expenditure  of  1 1,828  had  been  incurred  on  capital 
during  the  year  in  respect  of  additions  to  buildings,  plant,  workshop 
equipment,  inc.  The  cash  and  loans  stocd  at  i;39,717  as  against 
£27,072  in  the  previous  year.  The  traffic  receipts  had  increased 
by  £1,446,  and  sales  of  energy  to  the  Government  and  the 
municipality  by  JEl.86.').  The  working  expenses  had  risen  from 
£42,613  in  1911  to  £43,916,  due  almcRt  entirely  to  the  increased 
cost  of  fuel.  The  profit  of  £.'V,3.")8  reduced  the  debit  balance  on  the 
profit  and  lose  account  to  £3,824.  The  reduction  of  the  debit 
balance,  which  at  December  3l8t.  1908  stood  as  high  as  £16,200, 
and  in  1911  and  19)2  was  reduced  by  £.';,0.".."p  and  i;.'..3.'.8 
respectively,  was  conclusive  evidence  of  the  progress  which 
the  company  was  making,  and  they  hoped  that  the  next 
accounts  would  show  not  only  that  the  debit  balance 
had  disappeared,  but  that  its  place  had   been  taken   by  a  credit. 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,861,  Mat  16,  1918.]  THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW. 


821 


Whilat  the  pawonfjer  reccipte  und  the  number  of  paHBonRBri"  carried 
had  incruaxud,  the  funeral  manaKor  hud  been  able  a^ain  by  oarefully 
Btudyinfr  the  triitlic  requiromontH,  to  reduce  the  uar-milca)j;e.  That 
was  a  HatiHfiictory  feature  an  cuDsidorablo  wear  and  tear  of  rollinif 
Btook  waH  avoided  and  worklni;  expenHeswero  oonHcciuently  reduced. 
The  liicreoAO  in  the  number  of  paHsteni^crs  carried  waM  H'.»H,OHO  an 
a(;ainHt  on  inorcaso  in  I'.Ul  over  l',)I()  of  !144,ir)r).  The  decrease  In 
car-milea^'C  was  2!l,(i'J8  inileH  followinir  a  docreaBo  in  I'Jll  of 
75,4(12  nuleH.  The  pasficnurcrs  carried  por  car-niilo  were  (i'71  in 
11II2  and  i'li'i  in  I'Jll  and  receipts  per  car-mile  wore  7'l  Id.  in  lilla 
as  ajrainst  7  lUtd.  in  I'.ill,  whilst  the  expenses  per  car-mile  had 
advanced  slitrhtly  — from  lOiid.  in  I'.tll  to  ri2d.  OunsiderinK  only 
the  tramway  undcrlakinif  the  expenses  represented  67  25  per  cent, 
of  the  receipts,  but  the  total  Sinjrapore  expenses  represented  only 
r)2'<if)  of  the  total  Sinjiapore  revenue,  compared  with  .'ioyt;  percent, 
and  52  til  percent,  in  191 1.  The  Sinpaporo  tramway  ordihance  of 
li»02  fixed  the  maximum  charges  to  be  made  for  enerjjy  by  the 
company,  but  they  had  found  it  to  be  in  their  interests  to  char|;e 
considerably  lower  rates  and  to  pfive  special  terms  in  exceptional 
circumstances.  With  the  rapid  advance  in  the  application  of  elec- 
tricity all  over  the  world  since  the  ordinance  was  (granted,  it  became 
necessary  on  uearinp:  the  last  ([uarter  of  their  ten  years'  period  of 
supply,  to  consider  the  possibility  of  competition  or  of  the  muni- 
cipality laying  down  its  own  plant.  The  company,  therefore, 
approached  the  municipal  Commissioners  in  regard  to  a  renewal 
of  the  contract,  and  after  very  leng^thy  negotiations  an  extension 
had  been  granted.  The  municipality  had  decided  to  add  to  its  field 
of  electrical  supply  the  residential  districts  of  Tantrlin,  and  it 
had  granted  them  an  extension  for  ten  years  from  the  date  of  the 
current  first  being  supplied  to  that  district.  A  reduced  scale  of 
charges  had  been  agreed  upon,  and  whilst  the  new  scale  would 
naturally  not  yield  the  same  amount  of  profit  as  the  old,  it  was 
hoped  that  the  increased  output  would  counteract  the  reduction  in 
price.  The  traffic  receipts  for  1913  already  showed  an  increase 
over  the  corresponding  period  of  1912  of  $18,944,  or  over  9  per 
cent.,  equal  to  an  increase  of  |997  per  week.  That  increase  in  19 
weeks  compared  very  favourably  with  the  progress  of  1912,  for  the 
increase  during  the  whole  year  only  amounted  to  SlO,697.  He 
thought  the  shareholders  would  agree  that  they  had  good  reason 
to  be  satisfied  with  the  work  done  by  the  general  manager  and  his 
assistants  in  Singapore. 

SiE  Charles  Petrie,  J.P.,  seconded  the  motion. 

Mr.  Ble.s  said  he  thought  that  an  expenditure  of  £43,000  to 
sesure  a  profit  of  C 22,000  was  altogether  too  large  a  proportion. 
He  considered  that  too  much  was  being  spent  on  ticket  inspectors, 
and  he  also  thought  there  should  be  a  reduction  in  fees  paid  to  the 
board. 

The  Chairman,  in  reply,  said  that  the  expenses  of  the  company 
compared  with  its  revenue  were  about  as  moderate  as  could  be 
found  anywhere — in  fact,  he  thought  they  were  extraordinarily 
moderate,  in  view  of  the  condition  under  which  the  work  was 
carried  on.  If  they  were  to  spend  less  on  inspection,  they  were 
advised  that  the  receipts  would  immediately  decline.  With  regard 
to  the  directors'  fees,  that  point  had  been  raised  at  previous  meet- 
ings, and  in  consequence,  one  director  resigned.  The  affairs  of  the 
company  were  now  in  a  much  better  condition  than  they  were 
some  years  ago,  and  he  could  assure  them  that  the  management  of 
the  concern  gave  the  board  a  good  deal  of  anxious  thought  and 
consideration.  If  the  shareholders  wished  to  reduce  the  fees,  they 
would  have  an  opportunity  of  doing  so  by  refusing  to  re-elect  the 
retiring  directors. 

The  report  was  adopted,  and  the  retiring  directors,  Sir  ,Tohn 
Anderson  and  Mr.  F.  Baynes,  were  unanimously  re-elected. 


West  India  and  Panama  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. 

The   meeting  was  held  on  May  7th,   at  Winchester  House,  E.G., 
under  the  presidency  of  Mr.  W.  B.  Kingsford. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report,  the  Chairman  said  that 
the  amount  to  the  credit  of  revenue  was  £3S,508,  a  decrease  of 
i62,09cS,  as  compared  with  the  corresponding  half  year  in  1911. 
The  traffic  receipts  were  ii  1,805  less.  They  attributed  that  decrease 
mainly  to  the  reduction  of  the  rates  to  which  he  referred  at  the 
last  meeting.  There  had  been  rather  a  short  sugar  orop  in  the 
islands,  which  also  accounted  for  some  part  of  the  decrease.  The 
expenses  compared  favourably  with  the  corresponding  period,  being 
about  £2,500  less.  They  used  18  miles  less  cable  in  repairs  than 
during  the  previous  half-year,  and  they  also  hired  their  repairing 
steamer  for  a  few  days  to  the  Cuba  Submarine  Co.,  and  they  sold  a 
quantity  of  cable  core,  thus  reducing  the  expenses  attending 
the  maintenance  of  cables  from  (;9,103  to  £6,429.  In  the  working 
expenses  at  stations  there  was  a  new  item  of  £86,  share  of  pension 
fund  at  a  joint  station.  That  arose  from  the  fact  that  the  Cuba 
Submarine  Co,  recently  established  a  pension  fund  for  the  benefit 
of  their  staff  in  Cuba,  The  station  from  Santiago  to  Cuba  was 
worked  jointly  by  the  West  India  Co,  and  the  Cuba  Co,,  and 
therefore  they  felt  bound  to  share  equally  in  the  expense  of  the 
pension  fund  at  that  station.  The  West  India  and  Panama  Co. 
was  almost  the  only  telegraph  company  which  did  not  have  a  pension 
fund.  The  directors  regretted  that  that  was  so,  but  they  felt  that 
to  establish  a  fund  on  the  lines  of  other  companies  would  be  too 
costly  a  matter  for  them  to  entertain.  They  thought,  however, 
that  a  plan  for  granting  allowances  to  the  London  staff  on  retire- 
ment after  40  years'  service  could  be  arranged  without  in  any  way 
increasing  the  present  expenses  of  the  London  office.  He  felt  sure 
that  such  a  proposal  would  have  the  cordial  approval  of  the  share- 
holders, and  they  proposed  to  ask  their  sanction  to  the  same  at  the 
next  meeting.  The  development  of  the  oil  industry  in  Trinidad  was 
being  watched  by  them  with  much  interest.    They  understood  that 


a  powerful  nyndicate  litul  rt'';f;rilly  lieon  ncifoliatinff  with  one  of  th« 
principal  oil  companiefi  in  Trinidad  to  obtmin  an  intcrent  in  it« 
profierly,  ami  that  the  neoeni-Bry  arraniC'Uienlii  hvl  now  iK-cn  con- 
cluded. The  Hucci'HHful  developmint  uf  that  aluiiiKt  new  induntry 
coidd  not  fail  to  be  bcneflcinl  tu  the  comincrcc  (>f  'I'rini'lad,  and, 
incidentally,  to  their  company,  A  l)aniKh  comjmny  wfi-  formwl 
some    few    months   ago    to  undertake  the  work   of    :  the 

harbour  at  St.   'I'hornaH,  and  carryinif  out  other  exl^  e- 

ments  there  in  order  to   give   Itctter  anchorage  and  w.  <■  '  ii:n 

for  large  steamers.  The  work  had  been  commenced,  and  when  it 
waH  finiHlicd,  they  might  reai^onably  hope  that  thoM:  largely 
increased  shipping  facilities  would  tend  to  the  creation  of 
additional  buBiness,  a«  the  headquartcra  of  the  company  were  at 
St.  Thomas. 

Mu,  IIknky  IIoi,.mkh  seconded  the  motion. 

The  Cmai U.MAN,  in  reply  to  quextions,  said  that,  at  prcBcnt.  they 
were  not  inclined  to  entertain  the  notion  of  extending  wireiiM 
communication  between  the  islands.  At  present  they  had  wirelewi 
connection  between  Trinidad  and  British  (iuiana.  With  regard  to 
any  projected  amalgamation,  he  hud  never  luentioned  the  subject  at 
any  of  their  meetings,  a«  they  had  never  been  approachid  by  any 
other  company  with  any  propoBals  to  that  end.  Of  course,  if  any 
favourable  opportunity  should  arise  for  entering  into  an  amalgama- 
tion, or  of  doing  anything  else  for  the  improvement  of  the  com- 
pany, they  would  only  be  too  glad  to  enter  into  the  question. 

The  report  was  adopted. 


South  Metropolitan  Electric  Traniuays  and  Lieiitioir 

Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors  report  that  the  total  revenue  for  the  year 
to  December  Blst  from  all  sources  amounted  to  £<i  1,944,  compared 
with  C5y,222  for  the  preceding  year.  The  expenses,  according  to 
the  Financii'r,  were  £3*;, 144,  compared  with  £35,054  for  1911. 
The  net  revenue  was  therefore  £l,il31  more  than  in  1911.  After 
deducting  all  expenses  chargeable  to  revenue,  including  payments 
to  local  authorities  under  agreements  and  interest  upon  the  deben- 
ture stock  of  the  company,  and  after  setting  aside  £3,000  to  the 
renewals  fund,  there  remains  a  surplus  of  £15,492,  plus  £004, 
brought  forward.  The  directors  propose  to  place  to  reserve  £.5,000  ; 
to  pay  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  U  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  pre- 
ference shares  for  the  year,  £10,174  ;  leaving  to  be  carried  forward 
£922.  The  gross  receipts  from  the  tramways  and  light  railways  were 
£45,141,  a  decrease  of  £38S,  and  the  working  expenses  amounted  to 
£24,509,  an  increase  of  £127.  There  was  a  decrease  of  £491  in  traffic 
receipts  for  the  year,  which  is  attributable  to  the  unfavourable 
weather,  and  to  the  fact  that  the  Festival  of  Empire  was  held  at 
the  Crystal  Palace  in  1911.  The  gross  receipts  for  the  electricity 
supply  section  (including  the  amount  represented  by  the  sale  of 
energy  to  the  tramways)  amounted  to  £14,124,  and  the  working 
expenses  to  £7,184.  The  total  number  of  units  sold  dnring  the 
year,  including  192, 73i;  supplied  to  the  tramways,  was  920,316,88 
compared  with  836,122  in  1911.  The  number  of  units  sold  for 
lighting  and  power  purposes  was  727,680,  an  increase  of  86,255 
units,  or  over  13  per  cent.  The  number  of  consumers  at  December 
31st  was  1.535,  as  compared  with  1,355  at  the  corresponding  date 
of  the  previous  year,  an  increase  of  over  13  per  cent.  The  receipts 
for  1912  exceeded  the  receipts  for  1911  by  Cl,340,  whilst  the 
working  expenses  were  £751  in  excess  of  those  for  1911.  Most  of 
this  increase  in  expenses  was  due  to  the  increased  output,  but  a  con- 
siderable portion  was  attributable  to  the  higher  cost  of  fuel  and  the 
rise  in  price  of  all  other  materials.  The  Cheam  Parish  Council  has 
accepted  the  company's  tender  for  lighting  of  certain  streets  in 
Cheam  (where  cables  are  already  laid)  for  a  period  of  five  year* 
A  proposal  is  submitted  to  the  shareholders  that  they  should 
exchange  their  holdings  for  shares  in  the  London  and  Suburban 
Traction  Co.,  Ltd. 

Craigpark  Electric  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. — The  tenth  annual 

meeting  was  held  in  Glasgow  on  Monday,  Mr.  W.  S.  Brown  presiding- 
The  chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Elec^ 
Rev.,  page  775),  said  that  the  profits  for  the  year  had  been  far 
better  than  the  profits  for  the  previous  12  months,  which  was  due 
to  the  company  doing  a  much  larger  trade  upon  the  occasion  undf  r 
review.  They  had  had,  however,  many  difficulties  to  contend  with, 
fuel  had  been  very  expensive,  and  there  was  a  heavy  increase  in  ex- 
pense through  the  Insurance  Act,  and  on  other  matters.  The  works 
were  well  employed  at  present,  in  fact  they  had  never  had  so  many 
orders  upon  their  books.  Some  of  the  shareholders  were  aware 
that  they  had  a  golf -ball  business  as  a  subsidiary  section  of  their 
concern.  Owing  to  the  high  prices  of  rubber,  it  was  not  worth 
taking  part  in  for  some  time,  but  they  had  put  a  new  ball  on  the 
market,  and  experts  had  spoken  highly  of  it.  They  intended  to 
make  this  a  more  important  part  of  the  business  as  a  dividend- 
earning  section. 

Lima    Light,   Power  and  Traniwajs  Co..    Ltd.— 

The  directors  report  that  the  total  profits  obtained  during  1912 
were  £pl75,156  :  less— bond  service,  £p.62.904  ;  interest  and  dis- 
count, £p.7,795  ;  European  expenses,  £  p.  1,762  ;  provision  for  bad 
and  doubtful  debts,  £p2,80.">  ;  provision  for  extraordinary  renewals 
£p.l,000  ;  leaving  a  net  profit  of  i;p,98.890.  There  is  to  be  placed 
to  reserve  and  redemption  fund,  £p.2."),994  ;  a  dividend  of  4  {ler 
cent,  requires  i;p,53,99i;,  leaving  a  balance  of  £p.l8.900,  out  orf 
which  an  additional  dividend  of  1  i  per  cent,  is  recommended  In 
respect  of  1912,  carrying  forward  £p.2,02i'., 

Auckland  Electric Tramwajs  Co.. Ltd.— The  directoes 

have  declared  an  interim  dividend  of  '^A.  per  share,  fre«  of 
income-tax,  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the  half-year  ended 
December  last. 


822 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,851,  May  16,  1913. 


Sonderland  District  Electric  Tramways,  Ltd. 

The  report  of  the  directors  for  the  12  months  ended  October  Slst, 
15)12,  states  that  during  this  period  the  property  was  still  in  the 
hands  of  the  Receiver,  who  controlled  the  outgoings.  After  pro- 
Tiding  for  interest  on  the  prior  lien  bonds,  the  first  and  second 
mortgage  debentures,  and  the  expenses  of  the  receivership,  the 
accounts  show  a  loss  on  the  past  year's  working  of  £1,175,  bringing 
the  aggregate  loss  to  date  up  to  £18,065.  In  consequence  of  the 
ooal  strike  in  the  early  part  of  last  year,  the  traffic  receipts  show  a 
decrease  of  £483  ;  but.  on  the  other  hand,  a  saving  was  made  in 
working  expenses,  which  averaged  6r22  per  cent,  of  the  gross 
receipts,  as  against  64'68  per  cent,  for  the  previous  year.  Since  the 
close  of  the  year  on  October  'Mst,  the  scheme  of  arrangement 
referred  to  in  the  last  report  has  been  carried  into  effect,  and  the 
board  has  again  assumed  the  entire  management  and  control  of  the 
company.  The  new  prior  lien  bond  money  has  now  been  received, 
and  the  old  prior  lien  holders  have  been  paid  oS.  The  balance  of 
the  money  provided  under  the  scheme,  together  with  that  handed 
over  by  the  Receiver,  is  sufficient  to  provide  the  new  cars  required 
and  to  make  other  needed  improvements.  Certain  additions  and 
alterations  have  been  made  to  plant,  machinery  and  permanent 
way,  which  should  still  further  reduce  operating  expenses.  For 
the  2(i  weeks  for  the  current  financial  year,  the  traffic  receipts  show 
an  increase  of  £2,175  over  the  corresponding  period  of  last  year, 
and  the  general  position  of  the  undertaking  may  be  regarded  as 
much  more  satisfactory  than  it  has  been  for  some  years  past. 
Messrs.  Charles  Eves  and  Albert  Counter,  who  were  appointed 
directors  in  accordance  with  the  arrangement  made  with  the  new 
prior  lien  holders  in  December  last,  offer  themselves  for  re- 
election. 

The  revenue  account  on  the  debtor  side  shows  the  following  : — 
Expenses  at  Sunderland,  power,  .£2,489  ;  operating,  £6,050  ; 
repairs  and  renewals,  £3,it72  ;  management  expenses  (including 
salaries,  rents,  A:c.)  £2,630;  a  total  of  £15,141.  Trustees'  fees 
(prior  lien  bonds  and  first  and  second  mortgage  debentures), 
;e273;  directors'  fees  (May  1st,  1910,  to  October  31st,  1912), 
£773  :  there  is  a  balance  carried  down  of  £9,849.  On  the  credit 
side,  traffic  receipts  are  £23,778;  advertising  parcels,  i:o.,  £648; 
sundry  sales,  £126;  royalties  receivable  (annual  royalty  under 
agreement  and  royalty  on  current  supplied),  £1,586;  and  other 
small  items  make  a  total  of  £26,349, 


Cuba  Submarine  Telegraph  Co,,  Ltd. 

Mb.  George  Keith  presided  over  the  meeting  of  the  company  held 
on  May  7th  at  58,  Old  Broad  Street,  E.C. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Electeical 
Review,  page  732),  the  Chairman  said  that  the  monthly 
txajfics,  as  a  whole,  compared  favourably  with  those  of  the 
corresponding  period  of  the  previous  year,  notwithstanding  the 
reduction  which  had  taken  place  in  some  of  their  through  rates 
dnring  the  year.  The  rainy  or  slack  season  in  Cuba  generally 
began  with  June,  but  last  year  the  exceptionally  dry  and  favour- 
able weather  enabled  the  milling  of  the  sugar  canes  to  continue 
much  longer  than  usual,  which  accounted  for  the  increase  shown 
in  the  July  traffic.  The  total  in  December  also  showed  an  increase, 
due  principally  to  interruptions  in  other  lines,  which  brought  them 
traffic  outside  their  usual  business.  The  traffic  of  the  other  months 
was  somewhat  short  of  what  it  was  in  the  preceding  year.  As 
regarded  the  revenue  account,  there  was  an  increase  of  £520  in  the 
traffic,  while  interest  showed  a  decrease  of  £136  in  consequence  of 
the  sale  of  some  of  their  securities  to  meet  the  cost  of  laying  the 
Cape  Cruz-Santiago  cable.  The  total  revenue,  including  transfer  fees, 
amounted  to  £19,078,  or  £383  more  than  in  1911.  Altogether  the 
total  expenditure  amounted  to  .£7,085,  or  £586  more  than  in  1911. 
The  result  of  the  year's  business  gave  a  profit  balance  of  £11,988, 
out  of  which  £2,000  had  been  added  to  the  pension  fund  and 
£2,000  carried  to  the  general  reserve.  After  providing  for  a 
dividend  on  the  preference  shares,  the  directors  recommended  the 
payment  of  the  usual  dividend  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum 
on  the  ordinary  shares,  and  increasing  the  balance  carried  forward 
by  £188  to  £7,931.  In  the  balance-sheet  the  general  reserve  fund 
now  stood  at  £94,000  and  the  pension  fund  at  £4,115,  which 
included  the  interest  accrued  on  the  eame.  The  investments,  less 
reserve  for  depreciation,  remained  the  same  as  last  year. 
Their  market  value  had  considerably  depreciated  since  the  com- 
mencement of  the  Balkan  war,  but  it  was  hoped  when  peace  was 
finally  arranged  they  would  appreciate  and  make  it  unnecessary  to 
increase  the  depreciation  reserve.  This  year  business  generally  in 
Cuba  and  the  West  Indies  continued  prosperous,  and  the  traflBc 
passing  over  thtir  cables  up  to  the  present  was  satisfactory, 
although  not  quite  up  to  what  it  was  for  the  corresponding  period 
of  last  year,  which  was  very  exceptional.  In  these  days  of  low 
rates  the  amount  earned  per  message  was  gradually  falling,  and 
they  had  to  do  a  great  deal  more  work  for  the  money  received. 
Their  cables  were  all  in  a  perfect  working  condition.  It  was, 
however,  with  much  regret  he  had  to  mention  that  their  Cienfuegos 
building  was  completely  wrecked  in  February  by  the  terrific 
explosion  at  a  store  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street.  One 
messenger  was  killed,  and  four  of  their  staff  were  seriously 
injured.  Fortunately  their  manager  escaped  with  a  severe 
shock  and  was  able  to  resume  charge  immediately  after  the 
disaster.  Business  at  Cienfuegos  had  since  been  carried  on  in  a 
temporary  office,  but  (-tepswere  being  taken  to  fit  up  a  new  building 
in  the  place  of  the  old  one.  In  conclusion,  the  chairman  said  that 
he  hoped  the  proposal  to  hold  only  one  meeting  during  the  year 
would  meet  with  the  shareholders'  approval,  because  he  thought 
that  dealing  with  the  year  as  a  whole  would  give  the  shareholders 
the  opportunity  for  comparing  the  progress  made. 


Mr.  C.  W.  Parish  seconded  the  motion. 

In  replying  to  a  Shareholder,  the  ChaIrMaK  said  that  the 
damage  done  to  the  station  at  Cienfuegos  was  covered  by  insurance. 

Mr.  Liddox  said  he  noticed  that  their  shares  had  been  quoted 
very  much  lower  than  usual  for  some  time  and  he  asked  the 
chairman  if  he  could  give  any  explanation  of  that. 

The  Chairman  said  it  was  impossible  to  explain  the  fluctuations 
in  shares  on  the  market.  The  reduction  of  the  rates  naturally 
reduced  the  amount  received  per  message. 

The  report  was  then  adopt^. 


Eastern  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  that  for  the  six  months  ended  December  31st, 
1912,  the  revenue  amounted  to  £753,326,  from  which  are  deducted 
£273,216  for  the  ordinary  expenses,  and  £82,904  for  expenditure 
relating  to  maintenance  of  cables,  sundry  differences  in  exchange, 
and  income-tax  payable  abroad,  leaving  £397,176,  plus  £52,418 
brought  forward,  making  a  total  available  balance  of  £449,593. 
After  providing  for  income-tax  payable  in  England,  interest  on 
mortgage  debenture  stock,  and  dividends  on  the  preference  stock, 
which  in  all  absorb  £83,212,  there  remains  £366,382,  out  of  which 
the  directors  have  placed  £160,000  to  the  general  reserve  fund, 
and  have  paid  an  interim  dividend  of  IJ  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary 
stock,  amounting  to  £50,000.  The  directors  now  recommend  a 
final  dividend  on  the  ordinary  stock  of  U  per  cent,  and  a  bonus  of 
2  per  cent,  amounting  together  to  £130,000,  both  payable  on 
May  2l8t,  free  of  income-tax,  and  making,  with  the  three  previous 
payments  on  account,  a  total  distribution  of  7  per  cent,  for  the 
year  ended  December  31  dt,  1912.  It  is  proposed  to  carry  forward 
£26,382  to  the  next  account.  As  foreshadowed  at  the  last  general 
meeting,  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  increase  the  carrying 
capacity  of  the  cables  east  of  Suez,  and  the  board  has,  therefore, 
decided  to  carry  out  important  renewals  to  one  of  its  Red  Sea  and 
Aden-Bombay  sections.  An  additional  cable  will  also  be  laid 
between  Suez  and  Aden,  and  application  has  been  made  for  landing 
rights  for  a  cable  between  Aden  and  Colombo,  to  join  the  new 
cable  from  Colombo  to  Penang  which  has  lately  been  laid  by  the 
Eastern  Extension  Co.  A  contract  has  been  placed  with  the  Tele- 
graph Construction  and  Maintenance  Co.,  and  instalments  of  cost 
amounting  to  £65,100  have  been  charged  against  the  general 
reserve  fund.  The  present  articles  of  association  which  have  been 
in  force  for  many  years  are  out  of  date  in  some  respects.  New 
articles  of  association  will  be  submitted  for  approval  at  the  general 
meeting  on  May  2 1  st. 


Eastern  Extension,  Anstralasia  and  China  Tele- 
graph Co.j  Ltd. — The  directors  report  that  the  gross  receipts  for 
the  half-year  to  December  31st,  amounted  to  £379,445,  against 
£359,596  for  the  corresponding  half-yfar  of  1911.  The  working 
expenses,  including  £19.774  for  maintfnance  of  cables,  absorb 
£154,779,  against  £159,232,  leaving  £224  666.  From  this  is 
deducted  £3,766  for  income-tax  payable  in  England  and  £15,048 
for  interest  on  debenture  stock,  leaving  £206,851  as  the  net  profit 
for  the  half-year.  After  adding  £56,684  brought  forward,  there 
is  an  available  balance  of  £262,535.  One  quarterly  interim  divi- 
dend of  1  i  per  cent,  has  been  paid  for  the  half-year,  and  it  is  now 
proposed  to  distribute  another  of  like  amount,  making,  with  the 
interim  dividends  paid  for  the  first  half-year,  a  total  dividend  of 
5  per  cent.  It  is  also  proposed  to  pay  a  bonus  of  4s.  per  share,  or 
2  per  cent.,  making  a  total  distribution  of  7  per  cent,  for  1912. 
£100,000  has  been  transferred  to  the  general  reserve  fund  and 
£27,535  carried  forward.  The  general  reserve  fund  has  been 
debited  with  .£50,000  as  a  further  provision  on  account  of  invest- 
ment fluctuations,  bringing  the  total  provision  against  depreciation 
up  to  £200,000.  In  pursuance  of  the  policy  indicated  by  the  chair- 
man at  the  last  general  meeting,  of  strengthening  the  company's 
cable  capacity  in  the  Far  East,  contracts  have  been  entered  into 
with  the  Telegraph  Construction  and  Maintenance  Co.  for  the 
manufacture  and  laying  of  new  cables  between  Colombo,  Penang, 
Singapore  and  Hong-Kong.  The  first  section  was  completed  a  few 
days  ago,  and  the  expenditure  on  this  account  up  to  the  end  of 
last  year  (£86,704)  has  been  charged  against  the  general  reserve 
fund.  The  other  sections  are  expected  to  be  completed  in  the  early 
part  of  next  year. 

Western  Telegraph  Co,,  Ltd, — For  the  half-year  ended 
December  Slst,  1912,  the  directors  report  that  the  revenue  was 
£438  888,  find  the  working  expenses  £176,474.  After  providing 
£16,373  for  debenture  stock  interest,  and  £8,361  for  income-tax, 
there  remains  £237,679,  plus  £33,517  brought  forward,  making 
£271,196.  First  and  second  interim  dividends,  amounting  to 
£62  379,  have  been  paid,  and  after  transferring  £140,000  to  the 
general  reserve  fund,  £25,000  to  the  provision  on  account  of 
investment  fluctuations,  and  £10,000  to  the  land  and  buildings 
depreciation  fund,  there  remains  £33,817  to  be  carried  forward. 

Cuban  Telephone  Co, — The  directors  report  that  the 
income  for  1912,  including  $292,640  brought  forward,  was 
§1,064,658  :  ^50,000  is  transferred  to  surplus  account.  After 
meeting  working  expenses  and  other  charges,  there  is  a  credit 
balance  of  ^498,379.  Four  quarterly  dividends  of  1  per  cent,  each 
were  paid  on  the  common  stock. 

Simmonds  Bros.,  Ltd,  —  A  petition  to  the  Courts 
to  confirm  reduction  of  capital  from  £50,000  to  £29,605,  will  be 
heard  on  May  27th. 


i 


Vol.  V2.    No.  l,8f)l,  Mat  10,  19n.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


HT6 


Callendcr'M  Cable  and  Constractiun  Co,,  Ltd. 

Sin  J.  FouTusdnK  Flanntory,  Hart.,  M.l'.,  (ironided  on  May  Mth,  at 
Hamilton  IIuum,  Victoria  Kinbankraent,  E.G.,  over  the  Heventoenth 
nnnual  (fsneral  ineotin);  of  the  company. 

The  CUAIUMAN,  in  movinif  the  adoption  of  the  report(soe  Elkc. 
Rkv.,  pajfo  7:i.'t)i  first  referred  to  the  Iobs  Huntoiiied  by  the  com- 
pany in  the  death  of  the  late  chairman,  Mr.  II.  Drake.  The 
number  of  the  board  had  been  decreased  not  only  by  the  death  of 
Mr.  Drake,  but  by  a  previous  loss,  and  the  directorH  were  uonsider- 
ia(f  the  question  of  replacinff  theao  Iossch.  He  was  ploa-ied  to  pro- 
went  a  report  and  balnnco-sheet  which  ho  believed  would  be  con- 
sidered very  satisfactory,  and  whinh  would  lia"e  been  even  more 
80  but  for  labour  troubles.  Just  a  year  ago  there  was  the 
coal  strike,  afVectinff  practically  the  whole  of  the  mininf; 
industry  throutjhout  the  country.  This  strike,  whilst  embarrassinff 
the  operations  of  all  manufacturers  at  the  time,  had  resulted  in  a 
permanent  increase  in  the  cost  of  coal,  which  must  in  the  end 
prove  an  international  diaadvantatfe  in  raisinp  the  cost  of  what 
was  the  very  life  blood  of  the  manufacturing  interests  of  Great 
Britain.  Six  months  affo  there  was  a  strike,  which,  whilst  less 
national  in  its  character,  affected  the  company  very  seriously.  He 
referred  to  the  strike  of  lightermen  upon  the  Thames.  Their 
works  at  Erith  were  very  advantafjeously  situated  upon  the  banks 
of  the  river.  They  had  a  wharf  which  had  excellent  appliances  for 
the  reception  of  their  raw  materials  sea-borne,  and  for  the  dis- 
charge into  ships  of  their  manufactured  finished  products. 
Greatly  to  their  advantage,  the  bulk  of  their  trade  was  sea- 
borne trade,  so  that  they  were  affected  in  the  most  serious  manner 
by  the  stoppage  of  the  traffic.  The  thanks  of  the  shareholders 
were  due  not  only  to  the  managing  director,  but  in  this  connection 
to  the  subordinate  officials',  for  the  very  special  and  successful  efforts 
they  made  to  minimise  the  loss  and  inconvenience  during  the  strike, 
the  result  being  that,  serious  as  was  their  loss,  still  it  was  much 
less  than  it  would  have  been  but  for  the  efforts  of  these  officials. 
Then  they  had  another  labour  difficulty  of  a  more  direct  kind. 
They  employed  a  large  number  of  engineering  workmen  at  their 
Erith  factory,  and  he  was  sorry  to  say  theie  was  a  dispute  between 
them  and  the  company,  which  lasted,  however,  for  only  a  com- 
paratively short  time.  Long  ago  it  had  been  amicably 
settled,  and  that  day  he  was  able,  with  the  utmost 
satisfaction,  to  report  that  their  relations  with  their  employes 
in  all  their  works,  both  in  the  South  and  in  Lancashire, 
were  excellent.  The  employes  had  regular  employment  and  a 
standard  rate  of  wages,  and  every  advantage  that  could  reason- 
ably be  expected,  and  they  looked  forward  to  a  continuance  of  the 
good  understanding  between  employes  and  employer  bo  far  as  they 
were  concerned.  Last  year  they  turned  out  more  work  than  in  any 
preceding  year  in  the  history  of  the  company.  Some  was  at  com- 
petitive prices,  leaving  little  or  no  margin  of  profit,  while  some 
was  at  competitive  prices  which  did  leave  a  profit.  The  result, 
taking  it  all  round,  was  that  they  had  had  a  better  year  than 
ever  before.  At  the  Erith  Works  they  manufactured 
heavy  cables,  and  in  Lancashire  they  manufactured  rubber 
goods  and  did  lighter  work  generally.  They  had  trans- 
ferred the  plant  for  the  manufacture  of  telephone  cables 
to  Erith,  because  they  wanted  more  room  in  the  Lancashire 
works  for  their  extending  trade,  and  they  had  charged 
the  cost  of  this  to  revenue.  They  had  enlarged  the  works  in 
Lancashire.  These  works  were  very  favourably  situated  in 
respect  to  canal  transport  and  otherwise,  and  they  were  thoroughly 
well  satisfied  with  what  had  been  done  in  connection  with  them. 
The  policy  of  maintaining  all  their  plant  out  of  revenue,  which 
had  always  characterised  the  company,  had  been  again  carried  out 
during  the  past  year.  The  enlarged  trading  of  the  company  had 
necessitated  more  capital,  and  the  board  were  very  unwilling  to 
increase  the  direct  burden  on  revenue  by  issuing  more  shares  or 
debentures  ;  they  therefore  formed  a  subsidiary  company,  known  as 
Callender's  Share  and  Investment  Trust,  Ltd.,  the  object  of  which 
was  to  convert  into  available  liquid  capital,  to  be  used  in  the  com- 
pany's trading  operations,  part  of  the  money  invested  by  the 
company  in  past  years  in  securities  which  had  been  held  since.  He 
was  glad  to  tell  them  that  this  investment  proved  a  most  attractive 
one,  and  the  whole  of  the  capital  was  readily  absorbed.  The 
result  of  the  year's  operations  showed  a  balance  to  the  credit  of 
profit  and  loss  of  C97,000,  as  compared  with  £77,000  in  the  previous 
year,  which  with  the  £68,000  brought  In  from  1911,  gave  them 
£155,000  to  deal  with.  After  deducting  the  debenture  interest  and 
preference  dividend  and  depreciation,  they  were  left  with  a  balance 
of  £117,000,  as  compared  with  £84,000  a  year  ago,  and  it  was 
proposed  to  pay  a  dividend  of  10  per  cent.,  and  a  bonus  of  58.  per 
share,  and  to  carry  forward  £91,745.  The  question  arose  as  to 
whether  a  part  of  this  £91,000  should  be  put  to  reserve,  but 
they  knew  that  when  money  was  put  to  reserve,  it  was  locked 
up,  whereas  if  they  carried  it  forward  it  was  equally  a  good  reserve, 
but  remained  liquid,  and  available  generally  for  the  purposes  of  the 
company.  Therefore,  in  view  of  the  extending  trade  of  the  com- 
pany, they  thought  it  wiser  to  carry  the  money  forward.  There 
was  no  need  to  go  through  the  figures  in  the  balance-sheet,  and  he 
need  only  say  that  owing  to  the  larger  trade  the  company  had  done 
there  were  increases  in  most  of  them.  They  had  had  during  the 
year  the  most  skilled  and  indefatigable  attention  to  the  interests  of 
the  company  by  Mr,  T.  Callender,  the  general  manager,  and  his  two 
associates,  Mr.  Petersen  and  Mr.  James  Callender.  The  managing 
director  made  a  journey  to  India  in  the  interests  of  the  company's 
business,  and  whilst  they  were  sorry  to  l"ge  him  at  home  during 
that  time,  yet  he  left  behind  him  very  efficient  substitutes  in  the 
two  colleagues  he  had  named.  As  only  four  months  of  the  present 
year  had  elapsed,  it  was  too  early  for  them  to  be  certain  of  the 
results  which  would  accrue  in  1913,  but,  so  far  as  they  could  judge, 


their  prospoctd  were  cinellont.  They  were  full  of  ordert  receive') 
froMJ  cuntomern  at  homo  and  in  the  c'>loni>'R,  and  be  hop>s<l  that 
the  balance- fiheet  they  would  iirisnerit  \U  inonthn  hen'.;e  would  he  a» 
good  as  the  one  he  put  before  them  that  day. 

.^lH.  T.  (JALf.KNOKit,  in  Heconding  the  motion,  mid  tbkt.  In 
looking  back  on  the  pant  year,  they  fuund  it  wan  one  in  which  thej 
had  hud  a  great  deal  of  trouble  and  a  great  deal  of  anxiety,  bal  also, 
fortunately,  a  very  large  amount  of  work.  Their  factcjrie*  never 
were  fuller  of  work  than  in  191;*.  They  Btart<xl  thin  year  nnd«r 
very  excellent  circumHtancex,  on  the  factorioH  were  full.  They  bod 
OB  much  work  as  they  could  do  at  pre»ent,  and  there  won  every 
prospect  of  that  excellent  condition  of  thingH  continuing  for  nome 
time  at  leoHt.  From  their  knowledge  of  the  trade,  and  the 
experience  they  had  of  the  views  of  their  cuatomerH  at  home  and 
abroad,  they  thought  that,  unless  some  serious  political  disturb- 
ance took  place  or  some  great  labour  trouble  occurred,  the  output  of 
1913  would  be  good  ;  and  he  hoped,  when  they  met  next  year,  they 
would  have  an  excellent  report  to  lay  before  the  shareholders.  Ho  far 
as  their  business  wa.s  concerned,  they  were  extending  on  every  sido, 
and  were  always  opening  up  some  new  agency  or  department.  A 
few  minutes  before  coming  there,  he  was  in  consultation  with  one 
of  their  engineers,  who  only  returned  the  previous  day  from  Switzer- 
land, where  he  had  been  testing  cables  which  the  company  had 
supplied,  and  this  was  the  first  occasion  on  which  any  English  com- 
pany had  done  any  such  work  in  that  country.  Their  progress  had 
also  been  considerable  in  various  parts  of  Germany,  Belgium,  Spain 
and  elsewhere  on  the  Continent.  Their  overseas  business  in  the 
Colonies  and  in  South  America  was  also  targe  and  increauing,  and 
they  were  leaving  no  stone  unturned  to  bring  their  products  before 
electrical  consumers  everywhere.  He  considered  it  of  sufficient 
importance  to  go  himself  to  India  and  spend  some  weeks 
meeting  those  at  the  head  of  affairs  with  whom  they  were 
in  the  habit  of  dealing,  and  he  was  thoroughly  well  satisfied  with 
the  results  of  his  journey.  There  was  very  little  to  tell  the  share- 
holders, because  such  history  as  they  had  made  was  told  in  the 
profit  and  loss  account,  the  reading  of  which  should  give  satisfac- 
tion to  every  shareholder.  As  usual,  they  had  dealt  most  liberally 
with  the  replacement  of  machinery,  and  an  increased  business 
necessarily  meant  more  wear  and  tear  and  added  to  the  cost  of 
repairs.  During  the  year  the  large  staff,  both  at  home  and  abroad, 
had  been  of  the  utmost  assistance,  and  had  worked  in  the  most 
loyal  way,  and  no  company  could  be  better  served. 

The  report  was  adopted  without  discussion,  and  the  retiring 
director  and  auditors  were  re-elected. 


West  Coast  of  America  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd.— The 

directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December  Slst,  1912.  states  that 
the  gross  receipts  amounted  to  i;53,737,  as  against  t53,891  in  1911. 
The  working  expenses  were  ^t  39,646,  as  compared  with  £39,689  for 
the  previous  year.  After  providing  1 6,000  for  the  interest  on  the 
4  per  cent,  debentures  and  tSOO  for  the  interest  on  the  4 
per  cent,  income-bonds,  there  remains  £7,291,  plus  £1,182 
brought  forwaid,  making  a  total  of  £8,473.  Of  this  £5,000  has 
been  placed  to  the  general  reserve  fund,  and  the  directors  recom- 
mend a  dividend  of  2 J  per  cent.,  free  of  income-tax,  amounting 
to  £2,813,  leaving  i;660  to  be  carried  forward. 

Stratford-ui)on-.4von  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

— Mr.  G.  M.  Bird  presided  at  the  annual  meeting  recently,  and,  in 
moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Elec.  Rev.,  page  733), 
he  said  that  the  income  from  current  was  £123  in  excess  of  that 
of  the  previous  year,  and  from  other  sources  £30  more.  Expenses 
were  up  by  £75.  The  units  sold  for  lighting  and  heating  showed  a 
onsiderable  advance,  but  the  power  units  were  somewhat  down,  as 
the  principal  consumers,  the  mill-owners,  had  no  necessity  to  use 
it  owing  to  the  heavy  rains  of  the  season.  With  a  dry  summer, 
however,  this  would  come  on  again.  Their  coal  contract  was 
•higher,  and  they  had  had  a  slight  breakdown  to  one  of  the 
engines — both  of  these  items  would  somewhat  increase  the  expenses 
of  the  current  year.    The  report  was  adopted. 

International  Railophones,  Ltd. — The   Times  states 

that  at  the  annual  meeting  of  this  company,  held  on  21  Ft  nit.,  it 
was  resolved  to  offer  at  par  the  balance  of  the  unissued  capital, 
amounting  to  1,746  shares,  to  the  existing  shareholders  pro  rata  to 
their  present  holdings.  An  agreement  has  been  made  regarding 
the  working  of  the  patent  rights  for  Germany. 

Thomas  Tillinsr,  Ltd.— In  their  report  for   liU2,  the 

directors  mention  that  during  the  year  they  acquired  a  pre- 
ponderating interest  in  the  business  of  W.  A.  Stevens,  Ltd..  motor 
manufacturers  and  engineers,  who  are  the  patentees  of  the  elec- 
trical portion  of  the  "  Tillicg-Stevens  "  motor-omnibus. 

London    and    Suburban    Traction    Co.,    Ltd.— An 

extraordinary  general  meeting  is  called  for  May  21st,  at  the  Holborn 
Restaurant,  at  which  a  proposal  wOl  be  put  forward  for  increasing 
the  capital  from  £3.2.")0.000  to  £3,600.000.  by  the  creation  of 
200,000  new  preference  shares  and  150,000  ordinary  shares  of  £  1 
each, 

Bahia  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co.— A  meeting 

has  been  called  for  June  5th,  at  Winchester  House,  E.G.,  at  which 
there  will  be  put  before  the  debenture-holders  particulars  of  the 
proposed  sale  of  the  company's  undertaking  to  the  Bahia  munici- 
pality. 


824 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [voi.  72.  No.  1,851,  mat  le,  1913. 


Anglo-Portuguese  Telephone  C«.,  Ltd. 

Mb,  Hkrbsbt  Allen  (chairman)  presided  on  Friday,  at  46,  Cannon 
Street,  E.G.,  over  the  freneral  meeting  of  this  company. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Electrical  Review, 
page  777),  the  Chaibma>"  said  that  last  year  he  expressed  the 
hope  that  the  meeting  would  be  held  a  little  earlier,  but  sickness 
amongst  the  staff  at  Lisbon  delayed  the  making  np  of  the  accounts. 
This  was  the  twenty-sixth  annual  meeting  over  which  he  had  pre- 
sided, and  in  looking  over  the  records  he  found  that  each  year  had 
nvariably  shown  an  advance  on  its  predecessor.  For  lit  12  the 
gross  revenue  amounted  to  :£62,9l'.',  an  increase  of  i;5,874  over  the 
previous  year.  Their  gross  profit  amounted  to  <: 25, 195,  and  their 
ratio  of  expenses  to  receipts  was  a  trifle  over  57 i  per  cent.,  which, 
he  believed,  compared  favourably  with  that  of  other  similar  under- 
takings. The  number  of  new  subscribers  connected  during  the  year 
was  1,2S3.  which  was  more  than  double  the  number  of  withdrawals, 
and  gave  them  a  net  increase  of  »;71  subscribers.  This  showed 
that  the  business  in  the  past  year  had  been  very  active,  and  there 
were  no  signs  up  to  the  present  of  any  falling  off  in  that 
activity.  As  the  result  of  the  increased  revenue,  the  Portuguese 
Government  obtained  £1,780  more  in  royalties.  The  total  number 
of  calls  for  the  year  was  17,993.503,  which,  at  Id.  per  message, 
would  equal  about  jt  75,000,  but  as  their  subscriptions  and  instal- 
lation charges  were  only  £ii0.000,  it  worked  out  at  an  average  of 
about  Jd.  per  message.  Many  of  them  in  this  country  would  be 
glad  if  they  could  feel  that  their  telephone  messages  only  cost 
them  on  an  average  about  Jd.  They  had  to  be  thankful  if  they 
got  a  call  at  any  price  sometimes.  Unofficially,  he  would  say  that 
if  they  gave  Portugal  such  a  telephone  service  as  the  British 
public  had  to  put  up  with,  they  would  have  been  kicked  out 
years  ago,  and  very  properly  bo.  However,  he  did  not  ask  his 
colleagues  to  endorse  that  sentiment.  Whilst  the  increase  in  the 
company's  business  must  be  considered  satisfactory,  it  must  be 
admitted  that  the  conditions  of  the  lonntry  during  the  period  under 
review  were  not  satisfactory.  At  the  end  of  January  there  was  a 
great  deal  of  agitation  amongst  the  working  classes,  and  an  attempt 
made  to  organise  a  general  strike.  It  was  not  altogether  suc- 
cessful, but  it  resulted  in  the  closing  of  many  factories,  and 
the  tramway  service  in  Lisbon  was  brought  to  a  standstill. 
The  Government  placed  Lisbon  under  martial  law,  and  for  six  days 
they  had  to  have  troops  to  guard'  the  exchange.  The  working  of 
the  exchange  during  the  whole  period  was  very  active,  and  was  so 
satisfactorily  carried  out  that  a  special  vote  of  thanks  to  the  com- 
pany was  passed  by  the  Portuguese  House  of  Parliament  in  February. 
Could  they  imagine  anyone  getting  up  in  the  British  House  of 
Commons  and  proposing  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  Government  for  the 
British  telephone  service  .'  They  had  expended  £12.670  on  capital 
account  on  the  reconstruction  of  some  of  the  more  important  trunk 
lines  of  Lisbon  and  in  the,  laying  of  4i  miles  of  underground  cables, 
which  was  an  expensive  matter  at  first,  but  led  to  great  economy  in 
the  long  run.  In  Oporto  also,  they  made  considerable  additions  to 
the  underground  cables.  Owing  to  the  large  increase  in  the  com- 
pany's business  of  late,  there  had  been  a  certain  amount  of  incon- 
venience arising  from  want  of  space  in  the  central  exchange,  and 
after  careful  consideration  it  had  been  determined  to  erect  an 
additional  exchange  in  the  northern  part  of  Lisbon.  A  site  had 
been  obtained  from  the  Municipality,  and  bnUding  opera- 
tions had  commenced.  Turning  to  the  revenue,  the  gross 
profit  for  the  year  was  £2.^.195,  and  adding  £5,382 
brought  in  from  last  year,  they  had  £30,577  to  deal 
with.  Of  this,  debenture  interest  and  sinking  fund  absorbed 
£3,6u0, and  income-tax  tSCS.  It  was  proposed  to  add  £12,500  to 
reserve  as  last  year,  bringing  the  fund  up  to  the  respectable 
sum  of  <i;2.500.  This  was  the  sixth  year  in  succession  in  which 
^bey  recommended  the  payment  of  8  per  cent,  dividend,  and  this  on 
the  ordinary  share  capital  of  t;  100,000,  would  absorb  £8,000,  and 
thus  leave  £5,609  to  be  carried  forward.  On  the  whole,  he  thought 
they  might  congratulate  themselves  on  the  progress  and  stability 
of  the  business,  and  if  they  never  did  worse  than  in  1912,  they 
would  not  have  much  to  complain  of.  They  were  largely  indebted 
to  their  able  staff  in  Lisbon  and  Oporto,  who  deserved  their  hearty 
thanks. 

Mb.  F.  W.  Eebb  seconded  the  motion. 

Mb.  Hibbebt  congratulated  the  board  on  the  successful  year,  and 
said  the  amount  now  placed  to  reserve  was  a  large  one.  Some 
time  ago  the  Ixiard  gave  the  shareholders  a  little  bonus,  and  he 
suggested  whether  they  might  not  distribute  .-t 25,000  to  the  share- 
holders in  the  way  of  shares. 

The  Chaieiian  said  the  little  bonus  Mr.  Hibbert  referred  to  was 
33  i  per  cent.  Having  regard  to  the  fact  that  their  concession  was 
not  interminable,  they  had  to  be  prudent.  If  the  board  thought  it 
prudent  to  distribute  any  of  the  reserve  fund  they  would  do  so,  but 
their  first  business  was  to  keep  the  finances  of  the  company  sound. 

The  motion  was  then  carried,  and  the  chairman  was  re-elected  a 
director. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Stock  Exchange  Xotices. — The  Committee  has  ordered 

the  undermentioned  securities  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official  List  : — 

Oenerml  Electric  Co  (of  New 'i'ork)—{ •,000.000  5  per  cent,  gold  dpbenture 
bondg  (London  iseue),  Moe.  Tl  to  2.700  of  81,000  and  OTl  to  2,600  of  t<5C0  eacb, 
in  lieu  of  the  scnp,  together  with  $6,0(X),0C0  5  per  cent.  Kold  debentnre  bonds 
(issned  abroad),  Nos.  T2.701  to  8  .'.CO  of  $1,000  and  0T2,(W1  to  3.000  of  $500 
each. 

La  Plata  Electric  TramwajFt  Co.  Ltd.— i'lOO.COO  6  per  cent.  Ist  mortgage 
debentnre  stock. 

Castner-Kellner    Alkali    Co.,  Ltrt.  —  The   directors 

announce  an  interim  dividend  at  the  rate  of  1 8  per  cent,  per  annum 
for  the  six  months  ended  March,  1913. 


Tuesda;  Evening, 
AT  the  time  of  writing,  as  the  newspapers  say,  the  principal 
influences  in  Stock  Exchange  markets  are  holiday  ones.  The  House 
has  scarcely  recovered  from  its  Whitsun  rest,  and  as  the  settlement 
of  the  account  takes  place  this  week,  fresh  business  has  not 
developed  up  to  the  present  to  any  great  extent.  Xow  that  there 
is  a  definite  chance  of  the  Bank  Rate  coming  down  still  further, 
the  demand  for  investment  securities  is  again  a  feature  ;  and  even 
those  new  issues  which  are  left  to  a  great  extent  in  the  hands  of  the 
underwriters  command  attention  from  bargain-hunters  who  are  on 
the  look  out  for  discounts. 

The  Home  Railway  market  is  somewhat  pressed  upon  by  the  fact 
that  the  bull  account  in  certain  of  the  popular  stocks  has  come  into 
prominence  owing  to  the  settlement  this  week.  Apart  from  thin 
consideration,  there  is  a  fairly  general  opinion  that  the  outlook 
promises  well,  so  far  as  can  be  seen.  The  labour  trouble  in  Wales 
appears  to  have  simmered  down  ;  and  the  month  of  May,  so  prolific 
as  a  rule  in  labour  agitations,  is  proceeding  quietly  enough  this 
year.  Prices  arc  on  the  firm  side,  and  after  the  holiday  there 
was  a  strong  disposition  to  put  prices  better.  Metropolitans  went 
back  a  little  with  the  Steam  stocks,  and  Districts  eased  off  to  39J, 
both  of  them  recovering  later  op,  Nothing  fresh  has  transpired  in 
the  Underground  group,  speculation  even  in  the  Is.  shares  of  the 
Underground  Electric  Railways  Company  having  come  to  something 
of  a  stop.  British  Electric  Traction  issues  remain  dull,  and  although 
there  are  no  further  falls  to  record,  there  is  also  no  improvement 
from  the  recent  steady  decline. 

The  Latin-Canadian  group  shows  considerable  firmness. 
Reliable  information  from  Mexico  repeats  that  a  great  deal  of 
the  recent  "  news,''  purporting  to  come  from  that  country,  had  its 
origin  in  New  York.  But  still,  time  will  be  required  to  allay 
the  nervousness  and  anxiety  caused  by  the  late  troubles  of  Mexico, 
and  evidently  there  remains  unsettlement  on  an  extensive  scale. 
The  investor  is  picking  up  1st  mortgage  bonds  of  Latin-Canadian 
companies,  while  for  the  time  being  he  is  rather  ignoring  the 
common  shares.  The  Brazilian  Traction,  Light  and  Power 
Company,  as  we  mentioned  briefly  last  week,  is  taking  powers  to 
is&ue  #10,000,000  6  per  cent.  Cumulative  Preference  shares,  con- 
vertible into  Ordinary  shares,  the  issue  to  take  place  at  par, 
Canadian  terms,  on  or  before  June  1st  next:  and  a  meeting  to 
arrange  for  this  will  be  held  in  Toronto  next  Friday  week. 

The  issue  of  5  per  cent.  Debenture  stock  by  the  Consolidated 
Baltimore  Gas  and  Electric  Company  was  taken  up  by  the  public 
to  the  extent  of  about  50  per  cent.,  and  dealings  started  on  the 
basis  of  1 4 — 11  discount,  there  being  ready  buyers  at  the  lower 
price,  which,  considering  the  excellence  of  the  security,  is  natural 
enough.  By  the  way,  another  well-covered  security  is  the  5  per 
cent.  40-year  First  Mortgage  Bonds  of  the  Jardim  Botanico  Tram- 
way Company,  which  carries  the  full  guarantee  of  the  Rio  Tram- 
ways. The  price  of  the  bond  is  96  middle,  with  coupons  due  on 
January  1st  and  July  1st.  The  Rio  Company's  First  Mortgage 
bonds,  with  interest  payable  on  the  same  dates,  stand  6i  points 
higher. 

After  their  recent  bout  of  mild  excitement,  Marconi  shares  have 
subsided  into  quietude  again,  with  prices  tending  to  re-act.  The 
efffct  of  Technical  Committee's  report  seems  to  be  wearing  off  ; 
and  with  the  hint  of  competition  from  another  direction,  the 
'■  bulls "  of  Marconi  are  not  particularly  courageous.  The  old 
shares  eased  off  to  •}^''g  ;  while  Canadians,  which  rose  to  168.  9d., 
fell  back  nearly  a  florin,  Americans  and  Spanish  also  being  easier, 
after  exhibiting  a  flicker  of  strength. 

The  telegraph  market  is  supported  by  several  good  reports.  One 
of  these  came  last  week  from  the  Great  Northern  Telegraph 
Company,  the  principal  feature  of  which  was  a  warning  note  that 
the  proprietors  must  not  take  the  increase  of  2  per  cent,  in  the 
dividend  as  being  permanently  assured,  having  regard  to  the  reduc- 
tions in  tariffs  to  the  Far  East  which  which  will  have  to  be  made 
before  long.  The  Company,  however,  is  in  an  exceedingly  strong 
position,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  20  per  cent,  will  be  maintained. 
Anglo-American  Deferred  came  to  market  this  Tuesday  afternoon, 
and  the  price  went  back.  Direct  United  States  Cable  shares  have 
weakened  aUo,  West  India  and  Panama  Ordinary  improved  with 
other  speculative  issues,  but  the  first  Preference  shares  reacted  to 
lOJ.     The  Eastern  group  continues  very  firm. 

United  R'ver  Plate  Telephone  shares  are  now  quoted  er  the 
rights  to  apply  for  the  new  issue,  and  on  this  the  quotation  moved 
down  to  7}.  which,  allowine  for  the  value  of  the  rights,  shows 
practically  no  net  change.  The  new  shares  are  quoted  at  1  premium, 
and  business  is  being  done  for  cash  in  the  allotment  letters.  Anglo- 
Portuguese  Telephone  5  per  cent.  Debenture  stock  put  on  another 
two  points.  National  Telephone  Deferred  has  scarcely  moved. 
The  rise  in  Reuter's  new  shares  went  a  trifle  further,  the  price  now 
being  llj'j  middle. 

The  English  Electricity  Supply  division  is  firm,  the  feature  being 
a  rise  of  1 J  in  Edmundsons'  Debentnre  stock  to  84.  County  of  London 
Preference  hardened  to  12,  while  Edmundsons' shares  at  lis.  3d. 
are  ,V  higher.  The  Electric  Supply  Corporation  has  just  issned  its 
report,  showing  quiet  progress.  Edison  \.  Swan  partly-paid  shares 
are  easier  at  Ss.  9d. 

British  Westinghouse  Preference  rose  a  point,  and  manufacturing 
shares,  as  a  whole,  are  a  good  market.  Rubber  shares  have  taken  a 
distinct  turn  for  the  better  in  conseijuence  of  a  sharp  rise  in  the 
price  of  the  raw  stuff,  which  came  unexpectedly  and  found  the 
bears  unprepared  for  it.  Gossip  says  it  is  going  better  still,  just  as 
gossip,  when  the  price  was  flat  a  week  or  two  ago,  was  lugubrious 
over  the  outlook. 


Vol.  73.  No.  1.851,  May  ic.  1913.]         THE  ,  ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


825 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELEOTRIOAL     OOMPANIE8. 


ENGLISH    ELECTRICITY   8UPPLT   AND  POWER   COMPANIEH. 


Bonrnemooth  A  Foole,  Ordi    .. 

Do.    14%Pref 

Do.    Second  6  %  Fret, 

Do.    <i%Deb.  Btook.. 
Brompton  A  KenBlngton,  Ord... 

Do.    T3f,0nm.  Pret 

Central  Bleotrlo  Supply,  4  %l 

OnKr.  Dob.  I 

Ohsrlng  Oroes,  West  End  A  Oity 

Do.    41  %  Oum.  Prof 

Do,     •'CUly     Undertaking") 
H  %  Oam.  Pret.  I 

Do.         Do.  4%  Deb 

ObelBea,  Ord 

Do.    4^%  Deb 

Olty  of  Uondon,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Oam.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4i  %  Second  Deb. 
Ooonty  01  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do,    4{  %  Second  Deb, 
Edmandson'B,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cnm.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    4i  %  First  Mort.  Deb,  .. 
Folkestone 

Do,    6  %  Cnm,  Pref 

Do.    4i%  First  Deb 

BoTe 


Stock 

OlTldends 

Share. 

tor 

• 

1911. 

1913. 

10 

l\ 

« 

10 

44 

10 

8 

6 

Stock 

*h 

th 

C 

10 

10 

6 

1 

1 

100 

4 

4 

B 

6 

51 

S 

4t 

4i 

6 

4 

4i 

100 

4 

4 

S 

S 

4t 

Stock 

44 

44 

10 

H 

9 

10 

6 

B 

Stock 

S 

E 

100 

*i 

44 

10 

« 

H 

10 

H 

« 

Stock 

M 

It 

Stock 

4. 

£3 

nA 

6 

Nil 

8 

6 

100 

n 

44 

6 

6 

6 

S 

,6 

8 

100 

*ll 

44 

S 

9 

9) 

Closing 

Rise 

Present 

Qaotatloni 

+  or 

Yield 

May  latb. 

Fall 

p.e. 

M  s.  d. 

9i-  m 
8i-    94 

5  18    B 

4  14    9 

10  -  lOj 

8  14    a 

96  —  98 

4  11  10 

8J-    99 

83-    8J 

8    6    8 

8  18  10 

95  —  98 

4     1    8 

44-    r, 

6    0    0 

4i-     48 

4  17    4 

83-     41 

8    9     1 

914-  984 
ii-    6 

4    6    7 
6    0    0 

96  -  99 

4  10  11 

16  —  174 

6    6    8 

12  -  18 

4  10    7 

116  -HO 

4    8    4 

100  —103 

4    8    8 

104—  U 
111-  12i 

8    9    1 

^ 

i 

4  18    0 

104  -106 

4    6    0 

97  — lOOxd 

4  10    0 

1^4" 

+ 

A, 

Nil 

,, 

^1|l8^V' 

+ 

M 

5    4    8 

44-    6 

6    0    0 

44-    6 

6    0    0 

90  —  93 

4  17  10 

7i-  n 

6  16    3 

Kensington  A  Rnlgbtsbrldge,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  Bleo,  Power,  41  %  Deb.  .. 
London  Hleotrlo,  Ord 

Do,    8%  Pref 

Do.  4  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  .. 
Metropolitan  

Do.    41  %  Oam.  Prof 

Do.    41  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  . . 

Do.    84%  Mort.  Deb 

Midland   Eluctrlo  Corporation ) 

44  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Nortb  Metropolitan  Power  Bap- 1 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  / 

Netting    Bill,   6  %  Non-Cum.  1 

Pref./ 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

South  London,  Ord 

Do.  E  %  First  Mort.  Deb.  .. 
South  MetropoUtan,  7  %  Pref . . . 

Do.  44  %  First  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    E%Cam.  Pref 

Do.  44  %  First  Mort,  Deb. . . 
Westminster,  Ord, 

Do,    44%  Cam.  Pref 


BIlBM. 


Dltldaiidi 
foi 


8 
Stook 
Stock 


Stook 
Stock 


100 
1 

100 

£3 
E 

100 


Cloelng 
QnotatloiM 
May  lath. 


71-  7J 

90  —  9!) 
78  —  BO 

I»-  U 
41-  H, 

91  —  04 

9i  —101 
8-2  —  85 

99  -103 
974-1004 
91-  101 

BJ-  H 
84—  9 
6!-    71 

84  —  87 
2J-    8i 

97  — lOO 

V<i-  IrT. 

96  —  9'J 

sP    84 

83—86 

81—   y 

6-63 


BiM    Praatnl 

•f  or     TIeU 

lUl      p.«. 


6  13 

n 

4    0 

(1 

6  17 

1 

4    6 

1 

6    6 

H 

4  17 

4 

4    0 

8 

4  a 

4 

COLONIAL  AND  FOREION  ELECTRICITY  SUPPLY  AND  POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Piel 

Oalontta,  Ord 

Do.    B%Pref 

Calgary  Power,  1st  Mort,  Bds. 
Canadian  Qen.  El.  Com. 

Do,    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and  T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Bleo.Lt.andP.ofCochabamba, ) 

S  %  Bonds  ) 

Bleo,  Supply  Victoria,  o  %  1st ) 

Mort,  Deb. ) 

Bleo.  Dot.  Ontario,  B   %   1st  I 

Mort.  Bonds  I 

Kalgoorlle  Blec.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

Eamlnlstiqala  Power,  B%  Q.  Bs, 

Madras,  Ord.  

Melboarne,  6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb, 
Mexican  El.  Lt.,  B%  Ist  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do,    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Do,    E  %  let  Mort.  Qold  Bds, 


6 

ft 

ft 

8 

84 

84 

6 

6 

6 

100 

8 

8 

$100 

7 

7 

$100 

1 

7 

8 

7 

100 

6 

B 

100 

6 

6 

100 

8 

8 

$500 

8 

8 

10/- 

Nil 

1 

K 

» 

$600 

B 

6 

B 

Ml 

100 

8 

8 

8 

8 

$100 

4 

4f 

$100 

7 

T 

8 

6 

B-    6i 

6  14    8 

6  19    4 

,, 

4  17    7 

93  -  95 

6    B     8 

115  -119 

6  17    8 

119  -124 

-i 

B  13    0 

9l*=96* 

6  14     3 

6     4    2 

934  -  954 

6    6 

90  —  93 

5    7    6 

94  -  96 

—1 

5     4     1 

A-      A 

Nil 

ii-  sixd 

8    6    8 

100  -162 

4  18    0 

18-    li 

103  -106 

+  \ 

4  14     4 

81  -  84 

5  19     1 

7.5  -  78 

5     2    7 

101  -103  xd 

6  16    0 

91  -  93 

-h 

6    7    6 

Monterey  RIy,  Light  A  Power, ) 

6  %  Ist  Mort,  Deb.  / 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H,  and  Power   . . 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal, ) 

6  %  1st  Mort.  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do,    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref,      . . 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Stook    .. 

Roy.  Elec.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %) 

Ist  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Bhawlnlgan  Water,  Capital 

Do,    5  %  Con.  Ist  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44%  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb. 
Vera  Oruji  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  B  % ) 
let  Mort.  Deb.  / 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 
West  Eootensy  Power  and  Lt., ) 
Ist  Mort.  6  %  Qold  I 


100 

8 

E 

$100 

8 

9f 

$600 

6 

5a 

Stock 

10 

Do. 

K 

ft 

Do. 

6 

6 

100 

4i 

44 

$100 

6 

6 

$600 

E 

B 

Stock 
Do, 

\l 

n 

100 

8 

6 

1 

UJd. 

"iid. 

100 

6 

6 

81  -  81 

229  —234  xd 

15  —  25  xd 

217  —227 
105  —110 
100  —102 


1374-1J24 
107"— 10a 
101.5-1034 
99  —101 

91  —  94 
106  -108 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


A  mason  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  A  Teleg.,  Cap, 

Do,     Oollat,  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  ■  Portngnese    Tel.,  6  %  I 
Mort.  Deb.  J 

Ohlll  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Stlg.  4%  Deb. 
Onba  Telegraph 

Do,     10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord, 

Do.     10  %  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %l 
Reg.  Deb,  J 
Eastern  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stook 

Do.    84%  Pref.  Stock.. 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Eastern  Extension 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  B.   Africa  Tel,   4  %) 
Mt.  Db.  Maoritius  Sub.  / 
Slobe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Breat  Northern  Telegraph 
IndoEaropean  Telegraph 
Mackay  Companies  Common  .. 

Do.    4  %  Cum.  Pref 

Idarconl's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do,    1.%  Cum,  Partlo,  Pref. 


10 

4 

*¥ 

stook 

8 

6 

$100 

8 

8t 

$1000 

4 

4 

Stock 

8 

8 

Do. 

« 

8 

Do. 

80/- 

30/- 

100 

E 

E 

B 

7 

a 

Stook 

4 

4 

10 

6 

fi 

10 

10 

10 

8 

4 

4t 

6 

10 

10 

10 

E 

4 

100 

*i 

4 

Stook 

7 

V 

Do. 

84 

84 

Dc. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7 

Stock 

4 

4 

Sfi 

« 

4 

10 

ft 

fit 

10 

ft 

ft 

10 

18 

20 

36 

13 

13 

100 

6 

6 

•  100 

4 

4 

I 

30 

1 

17 

6J-  7Q 
97  -  99 
132  -131 
92  —  94 
644-  6O4 

iioi— 1124 

23|-  241 
103  —105 

85  —  87 

84-   94 

lo  -  17 
8i—  3| 
6|—  7i 
6i-     63 

99  —101 
135  —138 

IT  -  79 

94  —  915 
134—  13J 

95  —  97 
984-lC0  4xd 

loj—  lu 

m-  13J 

so  —  32 
f9  —  Gl 
83  —  86 
69  —  72 
41-    4| 


6    2    0 

6     1     0 

B  19    6 

4    5     1 

4  10    3 

6    7    8 

-i 

6    3    0 

+  2 

4  !5    3 

B     I     1 

-l-l 

4  12    0 

6    6    4 

., 

6  17    8 

6    6    8 

G  18    0 

-  1 

5  18    6 

4    9    0 

BIB 

4    8     1 

4    3    4 

5    2    7 

4    2    6 

+  4 

3  11    7 

6    6    8 

4  11     4 

6    3     1 

5    6    7 

5  16    3 

5  11     1 

-i 

4  11     4 

6.. 

4    7    9 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord, ,. 

Do.    B%Prel 

New  Tork  Telep,,  44%  Oen.  Bnds. 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Elec. 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4  %  Red.  Deb 

Pacifio  and  Eoropean  Tel.,  4  %  1 

Qaar.  Debs.  / 

Beater's       

Do.    New  Shares 
Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co,  of  Egypt,  44  %  I 
Deb.  Red. ) 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    5%  Oum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  .. 

Do,     4  %  Debs,,  1  to     ,600) 

gnar,  by  Braz.  Sub.  'Tel.  / 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg, 

Do,    6  %  Cum,  let  Pref. 

Do,    6  %  Cam.  3nd  Pref, 

Do.    B%Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

ft 

6t 

1 

8 

E 

100 

M 

44 

1 

8 

10 

1 

8 

« 

stock 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

lot 

10 

Cert. 

6 

6 

Stook 

4i 

44 

8 

8 

8t 

6 

6 

6 

Si 

'4 

100 

4 

4 

10 

11 

Ht 

10 

b 

0 

10 

6 

6 

100 

6 

E 

10 

7 

7t 

stook 

4 

4 

$1000 

44 

44 

97|^  98* 

14- u 

88  —  90 
B8  —103 

llj-  118 
lOtI—  Ui?, 
124  —127 

964-  984 

74-    7ixr 
64-    6g 
li-    Ij 

EG  —  99 

2}  5-  8,;, 
10  —  104 
94—  10 

101  —103 
13  —  184 
95  —  97 
96-99 


■f  4  ;4 

'  8  : 


'Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants.  t  Interim  Dividend. 


]  88.  in  Funded  Dividend  Certs. 


CONTINUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


826 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,851,  May  16,  1913 


SHARE    LIST    OF    ELECTRICAL    COMPANIES.— ((^n/mt/i^i.) 

ELECTRIC   BAIL  WATS    ASH   TRAXWAT8.-H0ME. 


Bstb  Tmns,  Prel.  Ord 

Do.    6%Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Brit.  Elec.  Trao.,  6  %  Prel.     .. 

Do.        Do.  Deterred 

Do.        Do.  6%Cain.Prf 

Do.  7%  Non-Cam.  Pi'f. 

Do.  6?.  Perp.  Deb.      .. 

Do.  H  %  Znd  Deb. 

C-Dlral  Eiondon  Railwky,  Ord. 

Do.    Pre! 

Do.    Del 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Cit;  A  B.  London,  6  %  Pref .,  1691 

Do.         Do,         1896    .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1908    .. 

Do.    «%Deb 

Oreat  Northern  A  Cit;,  Pr'f .  Ord 
Bastings  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4^  %  Deb 

8le  of  Thanel  Trams,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Elec.  Railw'ys,  4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trams,  S  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 


1 
1 

100 


100    I 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100     ' 

100     I 

100 

100 

100 

100 


100 
6 
100 
100 
100 


Oloalng 
Qaotations 
May  13th. 


75  —  77 
H-  104 
si-    64 

83  —  86 
82-35 
88  —  ja 
73  —  77xd 

83  —  84 

84  —  86 
80  —  ^2 
f!)  — IPl 

100  —103 
100  —102 
99  —102 
97  -ICO 
91  —  98 
2J-  24 

A-    H 

665-  71 J 
24-    28 

76  —  80 
73—80 
94  —  96 

*i—  S 
62  —  66 


+  or 
FaU 


Presant 
Tleld 
P.O. 


5  1.  d. 

NU 

6  8    1 
6  17    0 


6  17  0 
:4  15  8 
:4  IS  0 

:«  17  7 

3  19  8 

4  18  0 
4  IB  0 

4  18  0 

5  0  0 
4    6  0 

NU 

7  7  8 

6  6  6 
4  15  S 


Metropolitan  Rallwa;  OonBOl. . . 

Do.     Sarplas  Lands     .. 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Do.    BI  %  Pref 

Do.    84  %  Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  Distrtot  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

Do.    44%  First  Pref 

Do.    84%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Elec,  Trams,  Ord. 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Booth  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground     Eieo.    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cam.  Inc.  Deb, 

Do.    44%  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Biding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    «i%Deb 


ELECTRICAL   BAILWAT8   AND   TRAHWATS.-COLONIAL  AND   FOBEieN. 


Anglo-Arg.  Tramg,  Ut  Pref,     . . 

Do.    and  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6  %Deb 

Anckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Elec.  B.  &  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6  %2nd  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  1 
Power  / 
Brisbane  Trams  Invl.,  Ord. 

Do.    B%Prel 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B.  Oolnmbia  Elec.  Bl;.,  Def.    .. 

Do,    Pref.  Ord 

Do.    5%Pref 

Do.    4*  %  let  Mort.  Deb.      .. 

Do.    44  %  VanoooTer  Deb.    . . 

Do.    41%  Con.  Deb,    . . 
Oaleotta  Trams,  Ord 

Do,    B%Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Oape  Electric  Trams 

City  Boenoe  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Colombo  Elec,  Tr.  A  Lt.,  E  %  Deb. 
Harana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlle  Elec.  Trams  .. 

Do.    5%  A  Deb 

Do,    e%BDeb 


6 
5 

n 

It 

100 

4 

4 

100 

«4 

44 

100 

b 

6 

100 

6 

E 

10 

6 

6 

100 

«4 

44 

100 

6 

6 

$100 

6+ 

1        6 

8 

81 

E 

6 

5 

100 

*>i 

41,  , 

100 

B 

HI 

100 

6 

n 

100 

5 

E 

40 
100 

1 

«4 

4 
4 

100 

4 

4 

6 

7 

5t 

1        6 

B 

E 

100 

44 

44 

1 

'H 

6 

b 

f>\ 

100 

4 

4 

100 

E 

B 

•1000 

E 

6 

I 

Nil 

100 

E 

E 

100 

6 

8 

m-  5A. 

904—  924 
99  —101 
fit  —101 
101  —103 

io|-  114 

96  —  98 

97  —  99 


74-     78 

ion  —108 

131  -lS4xd 

114  -117 

i03  —106 

100  —103 

100  —102 
94ii—  964 
55  _     6|xa 
i'd-    6A 
974—1004 

H-     H 

95  —  99 
eoj  -  94J  xd 
97  -101 
A-  ! 
83  —  88 
26  —  86 


6    8    7' 

B  14    a  . 

4    6    6 

4    9    1 

4  19    0 

4  17     1 

5     4     4, 

4  11  10 

6    10 

-4 

6    2  10 

6    5    0 

4  15    3 

4     7     5 

6  19     5 

6    2    7 

4  14     4 

4    7    6 

4     8    3 

4    8    1 

6  14    3 

4  17    7 

4    9    7 

4  10    0 

4    0  10 

5    5  10 

4  19    0 

NU 

6  18  e 

La  Plata  Eleo.  Trms,  Ord. 

Do,    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    B%Deb 

Madras  Elec,  Tr,  (1904),  Deb,  .. 
M&naoe  Trams  A  Lt,,  let  Deb, . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.  and  Ltg,,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do,    Gen.  Con,  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do,    6%  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys,  &  Lt.,  Ord.     . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    B%l8tDeb 

Perth  (W, A.)  Elec.  Tr,,  Ord.    .. 

Do,    5%lBt.  Deb 

Rangoon  El,  Tr,  A  Bap,,  Pref. .. 

Do,    44%l6tDeb 

Riode  Janeiro  Trams,  IstMort.  I 
6  %  Bonds  / 

Do,    6  %  Mort,  Bonds 
Sao  Paolo  Tram,  Lt,  and  P, ) 
B  %  let  Deb,  f 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb, 
Boathem  El,  Tr,  B.A.,  6  %  Deb. 
Un.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  1st  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo.  Bly„  44  %  Deb. 


1 

NU 

..1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

6t 

I 

6 

6 

100 

B 

E 

100 

5 

E 

100 

6 

E 

tiooo 

B 

E 

$100 

1 

V 

B 

E 

100 

6 

6 

6 

10 

10 

E 

8 

6 

100 

E 

B 

1 

6 

64 

100 

E 

B 

E 

6 

6 

100 

44 

44 

E 

B 

100 

E 

E 

$600 

B 

E 

100 

6 

6 

100 

E 

E 

E 

7 

61 

E 

6 

« 

100 

6 

E 

100 

44 

44 

14-  11 
1-    li 

92-97 
103  —105 

88  —  91 

97  -100 
106  —108 

914-  934 

97«-994 

6*-    7| 

4*-    61 

lO'J  —102 

lA-144 

105  —108 

Bi-    5i 

97  —  99 
102  —103 

954-  964 
1004-1034 

834-  874 

96  —  98 
42-    5g 

4-  5i 

96  —  99  x( 
99  —109 


MAirDFACTCBO'e  COMFAIOES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Baboook  &  WUoox 

Do.    Pref 

British  Aluminiam,  Ord, 

Do.    6  %  Cam.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs,  . . 

Do,    Deb,  Btk 

ai,  A  Helsby  Cablei      .. 

r>o.     Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Briuah  Tbomson-Hooston,  Deb. 
British  Westinghoose,  Pref,    .. 

Do,    Deb 

Do.    6%  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do,     Pref 

Brnsb,  T%Pref 

Do,    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     , . 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Becond  Deb, 
Ca'lender's  Cable 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb...        

Oastner-Kellnei 

Oo.    Deb 


1 
100 
100 
E 
E 
100 
100 

a 

100 

100 


Hi  H 

Nil     NU 


1 

s 

Nil 

Nil 

100 

B 

6 

100 
100 

H 

Ut 

E 

IE 

lOi 

E 

6 

B 

100 

44 

44 

1 

90 

20 

100 

44 

44 

i-     I 

a-  H 

3  — 

'^  i' 

93-96 
84  —  87 
74—  8 
Bi-  61 
102  —104 
96-98 

P4  —  68 
9S  —101 
2/. -8/. 
4/8-6/- 
0-  i 
73  —  78 
88—46 
26-29 

98  —101 


8    0    0 

7    2    2 

5    2    6   1 

4    3    6  ll 

5  17    2   ; 

6    4    2 

6  14  11    1 

6    5    0! 

4  16    0 

4    6    7 

4  11  10 

NU 

41 

5  17    f 

E  18  10 

Nil 

NU 

NU 

6    6    3 

10    9    4 

16  13    4 

6    2    6 

4  17    7 

4    9    1 

BOO 

4    4  11 

Crompton  A  Oo 

Do.    Deb 

Dick,  Kerr 

Do.    Pref 

Edison  A  Bwan,  A,  48  paid 

Do.    folly  paid  .. 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Do,    6  %  Becond  Deb. 
Electric  Ccnetraction    .. 

Do.    Pref ■ 

Qreenwood  A  Batley,  Pref. 

Do,    Deb 

General  Electrio,  C%  Pref. 

Do,    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do,    Pref 

Do,    Deb 

India-Robber,  Q.  ft  T,     . . 

Do,    Pref 

Telegraph  Oonstrootion.. 

Do,    Deb 

WlUans  A  Robinson 

Do,    Pref, 

Do.    Deb 


8 

Nil 

100 

6 

1 

Nil 

1 

8 

E 

Nil 

E 

Nil 

too 

4 

100 

E 

2 

8J 

8 

1 

10 

7 

100 

6 

10 

(1 

100 

4 

6 

16 

16 

E 
100 

H 

3 

10 

74 

10 

E 

B 

u 

174 

20 

too 

4 

4 

1 

Nil 

( 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

6B  — 67 


^ 


60  —  64 
70  —  73 
lA-    lA 


74—  8 
99  —  94 

10  —  10} 
68-93 
121-  18 

4|-  6 
101  —103 

11  —  12 
»  —  10 

36  —  88 
06  —  99 

fz  t 

67  —  69 


Uniec   otherwiae  stated,  kU  share   are  tnUy  paid.       t  Interim  dividend,        1  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Electric  Rallwayi, 


Bank  rate  ot  Discount  44  per  cent.,  April  17th,  1913. 


Vol.   72.      No.    l.H.M,    MAV    IC,    lill:!. 


THE    KliKCTRIOAL    ill^frr'^W. 


H27 


NEW    WORKS    OF    THE     CIE.     PARISIENNE 
DE    DISTRIBUTION    D  ELECTRICITE. 


On  .March  21st,  lli07,  tho  Union  Aen  ScctourH  of  PariH  was  first 
(riven  ofTicial  rocoifnitioo,  and  on  January  IhI,  1'JH,  the  (;io. 
Parinienno  do  I)intribulion  d'lClcctriciti'  abnorbH  tho  hix  exiutini; 
supply  coinpanieH.  The  oncrouH  conditionB  on  wliich  itH  (■once.fHion 
has  been  prantod  include  payment  of  10  per  cent,  per  annum  of 
the  trroHS  receiptH  (nominally  as  rental  for  that  part  of  tho 
distributiner  Hystem  belontrinfjr  to  the  municipality),  with  a  Hlidin^ 
scale  iiioreasinp  this  rent,  tho  minimum  annual  payment  beinpr 
£120,000.  The  whole  property  will  be  taken  over  by  tho  munici- 
liality  in  ID  10  without  payment,  or  in  1924  on  payment  of  the 
balance  not  then  provided  for  by  the  statutory  Hinkinp:  fund.  The 
authorised  tariffs  are  4'8d.  per  unit  for  lig-htinp  and  2  Dd.  for  power. 


i'liir.T  ll,n(„\ — The  pijw.  r  houxe  '  1-12  ft.  /  ■<.',  ft.;  Ih  i|>anne<l  by 
two  BO-ton  electric  triivellinif  oranrm  and  a<;oornmo<iat'«  tiKht 
10,000-15,000  K\v.  turb()alt<!rnatorM  and  three  7S0kw.  converter 
KotH  for  station  and  auxiliary  nupply.  Further  particolam  of  this 
ei|uipinent  are  promised  for  u  later  date. 

Sirilfli  lloiiKiK  The  switch  honse  C.\\\  X  it,  ft.)  opens  out  from 
the  power  house,  into  which  the  main  control  bakony  projuite, 
with  tho  alternator  and  feeder-control  panels  in  arcs  of  circleM. 
The  two  main  switch^ward  storeys  are  surrounded  by  olliie*.  and 
theoutiroinir  hi({htension  substation  feeders  are  curried  in  jfalleries 
below  the  switch  house.  Tho  eitrht  turfxj  alternators  at  pr«;<«nt 
installed  are  connected  to  .(2  outifointr  feeders  thronifh  two  sets  of 
bus-barn,  so  arranijed  that  either  of  the  two  groups  of  alU-mator* 
can  supply  all  the  feeders  if  required  (see  fiif.  2).  Normally,  the 
two  sets  of  buH-bars  are  disconnecte<i  by  a  remote-control  inolatintr 
switch.  Each  alternator  is  protected  by  a  wmtinuous-tlow  liquid 
pressure  discharj^ei  and  a  reverse  current  cut-out  connectn  the 
machine  to  a  special  group  of  bare,  thus  formin(f  a  "  bridge  "  of 


&^^U 


Fig.  1. 


A  further  condition  stipulated  was  that  two  grenerating'  stations  be 
erected,  one  in  the  north,  the  other  in  the  south-west  of  Paris,  both 
being  on  the  banks  of  the  Seioe  and  interconnected  electrically. 
These  works  are  now  practically  completed,  and  from  a  detailed 
description  in  La  Tfc/ini/jve  Moderne,  we  draw  the  following  parti- 
culars. 

Using  Nobd  (Nokthbbn  Station). 

This  station,  situated  at  St.  Ouen  les  Dock?,  covers  an  area  of 
3'21  acres,  and  is  at  present  of  50,000  KW.  rated  capacity  ;  the 
ground  occupied  and  the  KW.  capacity  will  be  doubled  by  the 
extensions  ultimately  contemplated.  The  special  features  of  the 
various  divisions  at  the  station  are  as  follows  : — 

The  works  are  connected  to  the  Seine  by  a  viaduct  terminating 
on  a  pier  which  carries  a  coal  and  ash-handling  equipment.  Coal 
end  ashes  are  taken  to  and  from  the  boiler  house  by  an  electric 
loco,  capable  of  hauling  100  tons  at  5^  m.f.h.  on  the  level,  and 
provided  with  a  drum  winch  at  one  end.  Each  boiler  house  is  pro- 
vided with  a  double  set  of  bunkers,  each  of  which  contains  three 
coal  divisions  and  accommodates  .>,000  tons  of  fuel.  The  coal  and 
ash  bunkers  are  filled  and  emptied  by  a  system  of  conveyors,  trans- 
porters and  motor  hoppers  (see  fig.  1).  Conveyors  and  electric 
transporters  are  used  to  distribute  coal  from  the  bunkers  as 
required.  A  pystem  of  water  pipes  is  laid  to  enable  the  bunkers  to 
be  flooded  in  case  of  spontaneous  combustion. 

liuUcrx. — Two  groups  of  boilers,  separated  by  a  lane  H3  ft.  in 
width,  comprise  respectively  10  Belleville,  10  Babcock  and  20 
Babcock  boilers.  The  groups  of  l'()  are  arranged  in  rows  of  five  on 
either  side  of  a  firing  aisle  and  the  feed-purifying  plant  is  between 
the  two  boiler  houses  each  of  which  is  145  ft.  square.  Each  boiler 
provides  22,000  lb.  of  steam  per  hour  (or  31,000  1b.  on  overload), 
at  22S  lb.  pressure  per  sq.  in.  and  superheated  to  620°  F.  to  700°  F. 
The  economisers  are  placed  above  each  boiler  and,  like  the  latter,  are 
totally  enclosed  by  steel  plates  lined  with  diatomite  and  refractory 
bricks.  The  flues  (5  mm.  sheet  lined  with  diatomite  and  refractory 
brick)  from  each  set  of  boilers  are  led  to  a  common  stack  mounted 
over  the  firing  aisle.  The  smoke  stacks  (four  in  number),  are  of 
reinforced  concrete  1(5  ft.  5  in.  in  internal  diameter  and  rise  186  ft. 
above  the  ffrate  level. 

The  feed  pumps  for  the  Belleville  boilers  at  Usine  Nord  are  of 
the  horizontal  multi-cellular  five-disk  Neumann  centrifugal  type, 
coupled  to  motors. 

Low  and  medium-pressure  pumps  are  installed  to  supply  reserve 
tanks  and  to  clean  the  circulating  water  galleries. 

Circulating  Water  Supply  :  P>iiiij>  Jiociii. — Below  the  pier  on  the 
river  front  is  an  intake  chamber  for  the  circulating  water  supply  ; 
this  chamber  is  protected  by  a  coarse  grill  of  stationary  trapezoidal 
bars,  cleaned  by  a  special  rake,  and  by  two  movable  galvanised  iron 
screens  of  fine  mesh.  The  latter  are  driven  electrically,  and,  when 
raised,  pass  through  a  pressure  jet  of  water  which  cleans  them. 
The  intake  conduits  can  be  shut  off  from  the  intake  chamber  in 
case  of  need.  The  incoming  water  passes  into  two  large  chamberg 
below  the  pump  room  whence  it  is  drawn  by  the  circulating  pumps. 
After  leaving  the  condensers  the  water  flows  into  two  chambers 
parallel  to  the  first  and  returns  to  the  Seine  through  a  quadruple 
subterranean  gallery.  Reservoirs  above  the  pump  room  contain  the 
water  required  for  general  works  purposes.    • 


machines,  which  can  be  connected  to  one  or  other  of  the  two 
main  bus-bar  systems  by  maximum  cut-outs  with  time  relays. 

The  high-tension  feeders,  each  of  4  x  100  eq.  mm.  section,  are 
connected  to  the  bus-bars  in  groups  of  four.  Each  feeder  is  pro- 
vided with  maximum  cut-outs,  and  the  bridge  connections  for  each 
erronp  of  four  feeders  contain  two  further  maximum  cut-outs. 
Between  each  feeder  and  earth  is  connected  a  Wnrtz  arrester, 
with  carborundum  resistances  in  series.  The  alternator  cnt-onts 
are  designed  for  800  amperes  and  the  feeder  cut-outs  for  200 
amperes  ;  a  double  break  (16  in.)  is  arranged  on  each  pole,  so 
that  each  cut-out  (8  ft.  6  in.  x  3  ft.  3  in.  X  10  ft.  '.»  in.)  com- 
prises four  distinct  unipolar  elements. 

The  low-tension  station  circuits  are  supplied  at  210  volts  from 
the  four  750-k.v.a.  converters  and  two  3,000-ampere-hour  accumu- 


FiG.  2. 


lators.  In  conjunction  with  the  latter  is  used  a  double  2,000- 
ampere  22-step  horizontal  regulator,  electrically-controlled  from 
the  low-tension  board. 

The  alternator  excitation  may  be  controlled  by  hand  or  by 
automatic  Orutin  regulators.  A  maximum  voltage  relay  is 
included  in  each  regulator  circuit,  to  prevent  an  indefinite  increase 
in  the  alternator  voltage  should  a  cut-out  operate,  and  a  maximum 
current  relay  is  also  provided  to  suspend  the  action  of  the  regulator 
in  case  of  short-circuit. 

To  enable  load  tests  on  the  alternators  to  be  made,  a  special 
system  of  bus-bars  is  provided,  to  which  each  machine  can  be  con- 
nected (as  shown  in  fig.  2),  and  thus  placed  on  a  water  load  capable 
of  absorbing  15,000  k.v.a.  at  12,300  volts.  No  feeder  is  connected 
to  the  main  bus-bars  till  it  has  been  subjected  to  full  working 
pressure  by  a  variable  transformer  connected  to  the  feeder-test 
bus-bars. 

Usine  Suh-Oiest  (S.W.  Station). 

This  station  is  at  Issy  les  Moalineanx,  occupies  a  site  of  5'3 
acres  in  area,  and  is  of  25,000  KW.  present,  and  50.000  ultimate 
capacity.  As  regards  its  general  arrangement  and  the  provision 
made  for  water  supply  and  distribution,  the  works  much  resemble 
the  Usine  Nord.  (3oal  and  ashes  are  carried  between  the  station 
and  a  1.30  ft.  x  46  ft.  quay  on  the  Seine,  by  a  bucket  conveyor 
installed  in  a  subway  below  the  Rue  Bara,     Ten  Belville  and  ten 


828 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,851,  May  16,  1913. 


Babcock  boilers  flank  two  firin^r  aisles  in  a  single  boiler  house,  and 
the  power  house  (220  ft.  x  85  ft)  contains  three  turbo-alternators 
and  three  500-converter  sets. 

Station  Biiiliiingx.  Foundation):,  .Vc— In  both  stations  the  buildings 
are  almost  sntirely  of  reinforced  concrete  construction,  and  fome 
of  the  main  beams  carried  by  the  steel  f keleton  pillars  are  4  ft.  .3  in. 
in  heipht.  The  circulating  water  galleries  have  concrete  walls, 
more  or  less  strongly  reinforced  according  to  the  size  of  the  gallery 
and  the  load  carried. 

The  foundations  of  the  main  building  pillars,  alongside  the 
circulating  water   galleries,    were  suVJ€ct  to  a  very  much  higher 


Fro.  3.  Fig.  4 


pressure  {2'3  tons  per  fq.  ft.)  than  those  of  the  galleries,  hence  the 
fonndations  had  to  be  independent,  though  eo  closely  contiguous. 
It  was  originally  intended  to  carry  the  foundations  on  piles,  but  the 
urgency  of  the  work  foibade  adoption  of  this  method — in  anticipa- 
tion of  the  u=e  of  which,  reinforced  piles  had  already  be<n  made. 
Footings  4  ft.  6  in.  in  width  were  placed  in  (scavations  at  the  side 


Fig.  5. 


of  the  galleries  ;  each  footing  carried  one  column  and,  to  distribute 
evenly  the  concentrated  load  of  the  latter,  cut-down  piles  were 
arranged  as  shown  in  fig.  4. 

An  alternative  arrangement  would  be  to  place  the  three  distribut- 
ing pillars  vertically,  as  in  fig.  3,  but,  in  such  a  case,  the  unequal 
resistance  of  the  underlying  soil  might  ultimately  remove  all  load 


Fig.  6 


from,  say,  pillar  A.  The  pillar  c  would  then  be  unable  to  ofiferany 
useful  support,  and  the  whole  load  would  be  concentrated  on  b, 
probably  dipaetrously.  On  the  other  hand,  in  the  case  represented 
by  fig.  4,  should  a  fail,  the  pillars  n,  c,  would  etill  offer  their 
maximum  support,  the  resultant  reaction  being  in  the  direction  o  d. 
The  general  flooring  of  the  works  would  be  able  to  supply  the 
horizontal  reaction  required  to  establish  eiiuilibrium  (this  reaction 
being  small  owing  to  the  email  inclination  of  C),  and  the  load  on 
B,  c,  would  be  increased  about  50  per  cent.,  as  compared  with  a 
treble  loading  of  B  in  the  case  represented  by  fig.  3. 

At  the  Usine  Nord,  the  boiler  houses  and  silos  stand  on  a  good 
gravel,  capable  of  carrying  heavy  loads,  but  for  safety  the  bearing 
pressure  was  limited  to  2'25  tons  per  sq.  ft.     To  distribut*  the  pres- 


sure from  the  lees  heavily- loaded  pillars,  ordinary  foundation  plates 
were  used,  but  those  pillars  more  heavily  loaded  were  mounted  on  a 
special  footing,  designed  by  Considere  .V:  Pelnard,  which  has 
recently  been  employed  in  the  naval  yards  at  Havre  and  the 
magazines  at  Alexandria.  Using  the  ordinary  type  of  foundation, 
those  boiler  house  pillars  carrying  625  tons  would  have  required 
foundation  plates  270  sq.  ft.  in  area  formed  of  heavy  radial  ribbing, 
cross-connected  by  a  secondary  reinforcement  and  resting  on  a 
common  foundation  block.  This  type  of  foundation  is  costly  in 
materials  and  labour,  and,  in  it,  load  is  concentrated  on  the  rein- 
forcing members,  and  the  high  shearing  stresses  set  up  require  the 
use  of  numerous  stirrups. 

The  Considire  A:  Pelnard  foundations  actually  used  consist  of 
hollow  reinforced  cones  (fig.  ,">)  resting  on  mounds  of  virgin  earth 
trimmed  to  shape  and  covered  with  a  preliminary  thin  layer  of 
cement,  the  function  of  which  is  to  preserve  the  underlying  earth 
from  deformation  diiring  the  subsequent  stages  of  erection.  On  Ibe 
mound  thus  prepared  is  laid  a  set  of  rings  (or  a  conical  spiral 
terminating  in  large  hooks),  which  is  tied  to  rods  running  up  ihe 
cone  (see  fig.  6).  The  whole  reinforcement  is  then  embedded  in 
concrete  and  the  pedestal  itself  is  complete. 

The  inclination  of  the  generating  lines  of  the  cone  to  the  hori- 
zontal being  less  than  the  angle  of  friction,  the  reaction  of  the 
underlying  soil  is  vertical  (da,  fig,  5.  where  n  represents  an  element 
of  the  pedestal  cone).  This  reaction  resolves  into  a  compression  d  ii 
taken  up  by  the  concrete  and  a  horizontal  component  balanced  by 
the  tension  in  the  circular  or  spiral  bars.  The  concrete  is  nowhere 
Bubjectpd  to  shearing,  or  any  other  stress  than  pure  compressior, 
along  the  generating  lines  of  the  cone,  and  the  circumferentii  1 
reinforcement  is  subjtct  to  pure  tensile  stresses  which  do  not  destroy 
its  adherence  to  the  cement.  It  is  claimed  that  these  foondatior  s 
effect  from  20  per  cent,  to  35  per  cent,  economy  as  compared  with 
ordinary  foundation  plates. 


PROCEEDINQB    OF    INSTITUTIONS 


The  "Point  Fives." 

The  following  is  an  abstract  of  the  chairman's  address  at  the 
meeting  held  at  Bradford  on  April  ISth,  1913  : — 

In  Bradford  considerable  headway  has  been  made  in  connection 
with  the  heating  and  cooking  supply,  more  especially  the  former, 
and  this  has  been  almost  solely  due  to  the  fact  that  a  tariff  under 
which  current  may  be  obtained  by  domestic  consumers  for  such 
purposes  at  id,  per  unit,  has  been  in  existence  since  July  1st,  I'JIO. 
Electric  heaters  are  extremely  popular  with  consumers  who  have 
adopted  the  special  domestic  tariff,  and  a  small  number  of  complete 
electric  cooking  outfits  are  in  use,  Xo  scheme,  however,  is  in 
existence  under  which  consumers  can  obtain  such  outfits  on  hire, 
as  the  types  of  cookers  which  have  up  to  the  present  been  put  on 
the  market  have  not  proved  altogether  suitable  for  local  require- 
ments, more  especially  in  connection  with  the  baking  of  bread. 
For  this  reason,  also,  consumers  have  not  been  recommended 
by  the  department  to  purchase  such  cookers  outright. 
In  view  of  the  prices  at  which  heaters  can  now  be  obtained  it 
appears  to  be  hardly  necessary  to  inaugurate  a  hiring  scheme  in 
order  to  popularise  their  use. 

Up  to  March  31st  last,  the  total  number  of  private  residences 
in  Bradford  in  which  electricity  was  in  use  was  91  s,  and  out  of 
this  number  the  occupiers  of  471,  or  51 '3  per  cent,,  had  adopted  the 
Special  Domestic  Tariff  of  15  per  cent,  per  annum  upon  the  net 
rateable  value  of  the  premises  occupied,  plus  one- halfpenny  per 
unit  for  all  current  consumed  as  registered  by  meter,  no  charge 
being  made  for  the  hire  of  the  latter.  When  giving  consideration 
to  the  framing  of  a  special  charge  for  domestic  purposes,  the 
accounts  of  all  the  private  house  consumers  connected  to  the  mains 
were  totalled,  and  particulars  of  the  rateable  value  of  each  of  the 
premises  obtained.  It  was  then  found  that  if  the  whole  of  such 
consumers  were  charged  at  the  rate  of  3s.  in  the  £  on  their  net 
rateable  values,  plus  Jd.  per  unit  for  all  current  used,  the  total 
revenue  obtained  from  them  would  be  practically  the  same  as  was 
then  being  obtained  under  the  flat  rate  of  4d.  per  unit,  less  2}  per 
cent,  discount  for  prompt  payment.  The  effect  of  such  a  tariff  on 
consumers  individually  was,  of  course,  found  to  vary  considerably. 
It  was,  however,  generally  found  that  the  consumers  who  would 
benefit  by  the  new  tariff  had  wired  their  houses  for  electric  light 
throughout,  whereas  those  who  would  not  benefit  by  the  rate  had 
only  wired  the  beet  rooms.  It  was  extremely  satisfactory  to  find 
that  on  inauguration  of  the  rate,  not  only  was  it  adopted  by 
consumers  who  would  immediately  benefit,  but  a  number  of 
consumers  who  would  only  benefit  by  adding  to  their  installations 
also  made  application  to  be  charged  on  the  new  system. 

The  feature  which  seems  to  have  proved  most  attractive  to  such 
consumers  and  to  consumers  who  have  since  been  obtained,  is  that 
it  is  possible  to  ascertain  definitely  within  a  few  shillings  the  exact 
amount  of  one's  bill  for  electric  lighting,  as  it  is  impossible  for 
the  amount  to  vary  to  any  considerable  extent  by  reason  of 
carelessness  on  the  part  of  members  of  the  household  in  leaving 
lights  burning  at  times  when  rooms  are  not  in  use.  Practically 
all  the  consumers  who  have  adopted  the  rate  have  very  considerably 
increased  the  illumination  of  their  premises,  and  in  many  cases  the 
increase  has  been  as  great  as  100  per  cent.  This  has  had  the  effect 
of  removing  the  reproach  which  was  often  flung  out  to  the  effect 
that  houses  in  which  electric  light  was  in  use  were  illuminated 
very  much  worse  than  those  in  which  incandescent  gas  wm  the 
illuminant. 


Vol.72.    No.  1,851,  May  1«,  1913. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


829 


LamiM 
InHlnllud. 


no 


•776 


1-24 


Pauticiilarh  ok  Inhtallationh,  Accounts,  tea.,  ok  Vakioijh  Co.vmumkuh  i.n  Buaokouo 

Olhor  ftpi)arBtufi. 

Total      I    Uatokb'o 
KW.  v»luo. 

UniU.  B»t«. 


Nature. 


I  cooker:  1  1,000- 
watt    radiators, 

1  vacuum 
cleaner,  on  s  1 0- 
ampere  plupe 

1  cooker, 

2  radiators, 
2  (i-lb.  irons, 

1  boiler,  on  i! 
l()-umperepluKB 
1  iron 


1  4-lieht  radiator : 
1  S-lb.  iron, 
1    sew  in  (J  ma- 
chine motor 


lO'O 


•GO 


2'26 


.■i-45 


1110 


30 


■M 


(21) 


Aoooanta  tor  rear 
ended  Deoember  8lil,  1913. 


5  036 


4  09 


25 


TllK  LoWE! 

0         -43     I 


Radiators,   con- 
vector,   hot- 
plate, tec. 

IT  Assessed  Rateajsle  Value  Consume.b  : — 
1  4-liKht  radiator       I'lo  r58  7J 


3,940 


1,1  «J 


153 


412 


1,936 


373 


ir.  ?{, 
id. 


ir.% 

{d. 


4d. 


15% 
{d. 


15% 
id. 


15% 
Jd. 


Amount. 


«4   10     0 
8     4     2 


£12  14     2 


£2     6     6 
2     K     5 


£4  14 

11 

£2  11 
0     1 

0 
3 

£2     9 
0  11 

9 
6 

£3     0 

2 

£2  14 
0  17 

0 
2 

£3  11 

2 

£3  15 
4     0 

0 

7 

£7   15 

7 

£1     2 
0  15 
0     2 

6 

7 
6 

«s  ■77d.  per  unit. 

For  half-year  ended  Dec.  3 Int. 
I'll 2,  only. 

=  '9Hi\.  per  unit. 

Less  discount. 

Hire  of  meter. 
=  472d.  per  unit. 


=  2'07d.  per  unit. 


£2     0    7 


-  ■96d.  per  unit. 


Added  to  June  half-year  s/c,  to  bring: 
amount  to  cover  minimnzn  charge. 
=  rSOd.  per  unit. 


Up  to  December  31st  last  the  total  capacity  of  the  heating  and 
cooking'  apparatus  which  was  known  to  have  been  connected  to 
the  Bradford  mains  exceeded  1,000  K^\^.,  and  there  are  undoubtedly 
very  considerable  numbers  of  radiators,  irons,  &c.,  in  use  on  the 
system  which  are  not  included  in  the  above  figures,  but  only  appear 
in  the  department's  books  as  5  or  10-ampere  plugs. 

With  all  respect  to  my  fellow-members  of  "  The  Point  Fives," 
who  have  adopted  a  special  flat  rate  of  Jd.  per  unit  for  heating  and 
cooking  purposes,  I  submit  that  the  majority  of  consumers  (at 
any  rate,  of  those  in  Bradford)  supplied  on  the  "  Norwich  "  system 
with  id.  per  unit  as  the  running  charge,  are  in  a  far  more  favour- 
able position  than  if  they  were  charged  at  one  price  for  energy 
used  for  lighting  purposes  and  on  a  Jd.  per  unit  flat  rate  for  heat- 
ing and  cooking.  They  have  the  advantage  of  only  having  one 
meter  and  one  system  of  wiring,  and  can  increase  the  candle-power 
and  number  of  lamps  in  use  to  any  desired  extent  without  incur- 
ring a  much  larger  charge  for  the  additional  energy  required. 

The  percentage  to  be  paid  on  the  net  rateable  value  as  a  standing 
charge  must  be  worked  out  separately  for  each  supply  area,  as  it  is 
([uite  within  the  bounds  of  possibility  that  10  per  cent,  on  a 
particular  house  in  one  area  may  represent  a  considerably  larger 
sum  than  15  per  cent,  in  another  area,  for  a  house  of  exactly  similar 
size.  In  London  or  Glasgow,  for  instance,  the  rateable  value  of  a 
comparatively  small  flat  would,  I  feel  sure,  exceed  that  of  a  fair- 
sized  house  in  Bradford,  although  the  light  required  in  such  a  flat 
would  be  considerably  less  than  in  the  case  of  a  house. 

The  following  statement  gives  particulars  regarding  the  maximum 
demands  and  consumptions  for  the  half-year  ended  December  3  let, 
1912,  of  28  consumers  charged  on  the  rateable- value  system,  on 
whose  premises  demand  indicators  had  been  fixed.  The  net  rateable 
values  of  these  consumers'  residences  vary  from  £16  10s.  to  £150  : — 

Kilowatts  of  connections ■••  107 

Combined  maximum  demands  as  per  indicators  ...       74  KW. 

Units  used  during  half-year  ended  December  31st,  1912  22,543 

Average  units  per  consumer  for  half-year        ...         ...  805 

Average  units  per  kilowatt  installed  for  half-year      ...  211 

Load  factor (>'95% 

Average  price  per  unit       I'tJSd. 

Equal  to  a  charge  of  £2  188.  4d.  per  annum  per  kilowatt, 
plus  id.  per  unit. 
Average  price  per  unit  if  charged  on  maximum-demand 

rate  of  7d  and  Id 4'26d. 


Economies  in  the  Use  of  Electric  Power. 

By  W.  E.  MiLNS. 

iAlstract  of  paper  read  before  the  INSTITUTION  OK  ELECTRICAL 
Engineers,  ut  Birmingham,  Fehrvanj  'ifith,  litl3.) 

Technical  knowledge  is  necessary  in  order  to  secure  efficiency  and 
economy.  The  electric  motor  is  not  suitable  for  every  class  of 
work,  and  in  certain  cases  it  should  not  be  recommended,  for  com- 
mercial reasons.  Technical  knowledge  and  practical  experience  are 
required  to  determine  these  cases.    The  commercial  cauvasgex  who, 


lacking  any  technical  knowledge,  possesses  those  qualities  of  sales- 
manship which  enable  him  to  get  motors  into  consumers'  premises, 
is  a  dangerous  person  to  employ. 

The  author  cannot  too  strongly  emphasise  the  importance  of 
technical  advice  in  arranging  an  electric  drive.  Considering  the 
many  types  of  electric  motors  and  the  great  variety  of  control  gear, 
it  is  a  pity  that  the  shunt  motor  with  an  ordinary  starting  switch 
is  apparently  used  on  every  possible  occasion.  Technical  know- 
ledge is  also  essential  in  handling  alternating-current  work. 

The  heaviest  item  in  a  manufacturer's  expenses  is  usually  the 
wages  bill.  The  power  arrangements  should  therefore  be  designed 
to  affect  the  wages  account  rather  than  the  power  account.  A 
well-thought-out  power  scheme  will  often  increase  the  output  for 
the  same  wages  bill  (this  is  equivalent  to  a  reduction  in  a  wages 
bill) ;  and  it  will  also  cut  down  the  manufacturer's  expenses  by 
saving  material,  reducing  the  floor  space  occupied,  and  minimising 
wear  and  tear  and  other  maintenance  charges.  To  design  a 
successful  power  scheme  for  a  works,  the  engineer  must  have  some 
knowledge  of  the  trade  or  manufacture  carried  on  in  those  works. 
The  works  manager  or  works  engineer  is  a  most  valuable  ally,  and 
much  information  can  often  be  obtained  from  him. 

The  author  does  not  advocate  that  the  most  efficient  mechanical 
arrangements  should  be  installed  regardless  of  cost.  The  sub- 
dividing of  shafting  and  the  individual  driving  of  machines  will 
occasionally  reduce  current  consumption,  but  the  capital  cost  of  such 
arrangements  cannot  always  be  justified.  It  is  sometimes  cheaper 
to  consume  a  little  more  current  and  save  capital  outlay  than  to 
introduce  expensive  mechanical  alterations.  Each  case  must  be 
decided  on  its  merits. 

Too  much  importance  is  attached  to  the  cost  of  power,  and  it  is 
also  difficult  to  get  a  manufacturer  to  realise  the  many  considera- 
tions which  are  put  forward  when  comparing  estimates  for  the 
cost  of  driving.  The  power  user  is  usually  told  that,  say.  a  10-h.p. 
gas  engine  takes  20  cb.  ft.  of  gas  per  horse-power-hour.  On  a  50 
hours  per  week  basis,  this  works  out  at  10,000  cb.  ft.  of  gas,  which, 
if  charged  at  Is.  6d.  per  1,000  cb.  ft.,  equals  15s.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  customer  is  told  that  a  10-h.p.  motor  consumes  approxi- 
mately 1  unit  per  horse-power-hour,  which  is  equivalent  to  500 
units  per  week.  Taking  current  at  Id.  per  unit,  he  is  thus  shown 
that  the  electric  motor  would  cost  41s.  Sd.,  against  15s.  for  a  gas 
engine. 

Such  comparisons  are  considered  seriously  by  a  man  who  has 
been  fairly  satisfied  with  gas  engines,  and  who  is  entirely  ignorant 
of  electric  driving.  Of  course,  one  may  usually  point  out  the  gross 
unfairness  of  such  comparisons,  which  omit  a  number  of  very 
heavy  charges.  It  can  also  be  shown  that  the  saving  in  shafting 
losses  reduces  the  horse-power-hours,  and  that  the  splitting  up  of 
drives  reduces  the  number  of  running  hours,  and  all  the  other 
practical  arguments  of  the  superiority  of  electric  motors  over  ga* 
engines  can  be  brought  forward.  It  is.  however,  in  most  cases 
diflicult  to  put  an  exact  value  on  these  advantages,  and  the  power 
user  asks  for  more  definite  figures  than  a  theoretical  calculation 
based  on  either  his  maximum  possible  output  or  his  estimated 
average  load. 

A  method  of  estimating  the  cost  of  driving  basul  (ii  figures 
actually  obtained  from  existing  manufacturers'  installations  give* 


830 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  l,8r.],  May  It;,  1913. 


a  more  common-sense  and  accurate  comparison,  and  the  figures  can 
be  backed  by  the  evidence  and  results  obtained  from  several  years' 
working  on  various  drives. 

For  the  benefit  of  power  users  and  enfrineers  eng'aged  in  derelop- 
ingr  p3wer  loads,  the  author  gives  some  figures  obtained  from  the 
analysis  of  power  costs  in  various  trades.  The  figures  given  show 
the  number  of  units  used  per  annum  per  horse-power  installed,  the 
figure  being  the  average  of  a  number  of  manufacturers  in  the  same 
class  of  business.  The  installed  horse-power  is  such  as  is  usually 
found  in  a  factory  where  a  little  margin  is  allowed  for  development 
and  extra  load. 


Electrical  Eserot  Used  in  Various  Trades. 


No.  o( 

uoits  iier 

annum 

per  H.r. 

Trade. 

iobtalled. 

Bakers  and  confectioners       427 

Bedstead  manufacturers...     613 

Boot  manufacturers 

...      .591 

Brassfounders 

-...    .927 

Brewers      

...     f,89 

Brush  manufacturers 

...      4.-.4 

BuildA-8     

...      1811 

Butchers    ... 

...     27S 

Button  manufacturers 

...     'uO 

Chemists  (mannfactur 

Dg)  1,699 

Organ  blowing     ... 

...     246 

Clothiers 

...     938 

Cold  storage 

...3,217 

Corn  merchants    ... 

...     267 

Die-sinkers 

...     188 

Electroplatera 

...     546 

Engineers  (cycle)... 

...     987 

Engineers  (general) 

...     917 

Glass  manufacturers 

...     470 

Gunmakers 

...     667 

Hairdreosers 

...     178 

Ironfounders 

...     781 

Jewel-case  makers 

...     893 

Jewellers 

...     77.5 

Lamp  manufasturers 

...  1,331 

Laundries 

...     421 

Trade. 

Leather- workers 

Metal-workers      

Opticians 

Paper  box  manufacturers 

Paper  manufacturers 

Pen  manufacturers 

Photographic  purposes    ... 

Polishers 

Printers 

Printers  (newspapers)     ... 

Provision  merchants 

Public  offices  (fans) 

Public  offices  (lifts) 

Refiners      

Rolling  mills         

Surgical  and  dental  pur- 
poses        

Stampers  and  piercers     ... 

Upholsterers         

Vacuum  machine  com- 
panies (manufacturers) 

Varnish  manufacturers  ... 

Woodworkers 

Wireworkers 

Whip  manufacturers 


No.  of 
units  per 

annum 
per  H.p. 
installed, 

...      730 

...     672 

...     354 

362 

67 

378 

!t40 

744 

569 

833 

408 

2,766 

352 

515 

486 


.353 
592 
167 

371 

382 

453 

1,091 

95 


Actual  comparisons  of  the  cost  of  gas,  steam  and  electric  driving 
on  the  same  work  are  given  below.  These  figures  have  been 
obtained  from  manufacturers  who  previously  used  steam  power  and 
afterwards  electricity,  the  work  done  in  no  case  being  less  with 
electric  driving  than  in  the  case  of  steam  driving. 

Horse-power 
installed. 

1,387 

200 

80 

The  following  figures  have  been  obtained  from  installations 
previously  driven  by  gas  plant  operated  with  gas  from  town  mains  : — 


Cost  of  driving  by 

Cost  of  driving  bv 

steam. 

electricity. 

£6.000 

£4,000 

1,680 

-    1,476 

750 

504 

JH.P. 

Cost  of  driving 

Cost  of  driving 

Installed. 

by  gas. 

by  electricity. 

25 

£130     0     0 

£104     II     0 

5 

33     9     0 

23     9     7 

40 

156     0     O" 

144      6   10 

*  Suction  gas  plant. 

The  following  interesting  example  is  from  a  large  pen  factory, 
the  owners  of  which  have  taken  very  careful  tests  on  the  cost  of 
steam,  town  gas,  suction  gas  and  electricity.  The  H  p.  installed 
•was  250.  The  cost  of  steam  driving  with  Corliss  compound  con- 
densing engines  is  £9  lOs.  per  h.p.  per  annum  :  with  gas  from  the 
Corporation  mains,  at  Is.  5d.  per  l.oOO  cb.  ft.,  £7  48.  2d.  per  h.p. 
per  annum  :  and  with  suction  gas,  £4  17s.  3d.  per  H.r.  per  annum. 
The  cost  of  electric  driving  with  current  at  Id.  per  unit  came  to 
£3  138.  9d.  per  h.p.  per  annum. 

The  above  typical  examples  take  into  account  maintenance, 
wages  and  repairs,  while  the  example  from  the  pen  factory  also 
takes  into  account  interest,  depreciation  and  all  other  charges. 

Another  method  of  comparison  which  will  appeal  to  a  manu- 
facturer with  an  elementary  knowledge  of  engineering  is  to  obtain 
load  curves  for  the  steam  engines  by  means  of  continuous 
recorders,  or  from  electric  motors  by  means  of  recording  ammeters, 
and  to  submit  smh  curves  to  a  power  neer. 

The  owner  of  a  rolling  mill,  which  was  steam  driven,  assured  the 
author  that  the  large  number  of  rolls  on  his  engine  resulted  in  a 
practically  steady  load,  so  that  the  engine  was  worked  at  a  very 
high  efficiency  throughout  its  run.  He  argued  that  under  such  con- 
ditions electricity  could  not  compete  with  steam  engines  on  the 
ground  of  cost.  A  continuous  indicating  diagram,  however,  showed 
that  his  load  varied  from  70  to  215  h.p. 

Speed  curves  are  also  of  considerable  value.  The  steam  engine 
falls  to  its  lowest  speed  at  the  money-earning  period.  The  fall  of 
speed  in  the  electric  motor  is  much  less  than  with  the  steam  engine, 
BO  that  the  output  and  revenue  are  much  increased.  Diagrams 
mav  also  be  used  to  emphasise  the  saving  in  floor  spare. 

The  manufacturer  too  oft«n  considers  the  uses  of  electricity  from 
a  power  standpoint  only.  The  many  other  uses  which  can  be  made 
of  the  supply  are  often  of  considerable  convenience  and  value  to 
him.  Efficient  lighting  has  a  direct  influence  on  output.  Evidence 
of  thi«  is  found  not  only  in  the  lighter  trades,  in  pen  factories,  in 
the  iewellery  district,  kc.,  but  also  in  the  heavier  work  of  rolling 


mills,  casting  shops,  kc.  Again,  the  uses  of  electricity  for  small 
portable  apparatus  are  often  of  considerable  value.  Electric  heat- 
ing, welding,  smelting,  .Vic,  offer  peculiar  advantages  in  certain 
trades. 

In  conclusion,  the  advocate  of  electric  driving  need  not  hesitate 
conscientiously  to  put  forward  his  schemes.  He  stands  for  a  system 
which  all  arguments  and  experience  have  proved  to  be  eo  far  the 
most  ideal  and  perfect  power  in  use. 

A  further  and  last  argument,  which,  unfortunately,  is  rarely 
taken  into  consideration,  is  that  the  conditions  of  labour  and  em- 
ployment in  electrically -equipped  factories  are  usually  far  superior 
to  those  found  in  works  utilising  any  other  form  of  power. 


Discussion. 


Mr.  N.  B.  Roshku  explained  a  method  of  checking  the  power 
costs  adopted  by  a  firm  with  which  he  was  connected.  They  took 
the  ratio  of  the  total  expenditure  on  i>ower  and  fuel  to  the  total 
sales.  Thus  in  r.»07,  when  the  works  were  entirely  driven  by  gas 
engines,  the  ratio  was  '^3  ;  but  in  1910,  when  the  conversion  to 
electric  driving  had  been  completed,  the  ratio  dropped  to  74,  or  a 
decrease  of  approximately  12  per  cent.,  due  to  electric  driving,  and 
this  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  a  considerable  increai^  had 
taken  place  in  the  number  of  machines  driven  by  power.  About 
six  months  ago  a  sheet  metal  rolling  mill  driven  by  a  horizontal 
condensing  steam  engine  was  converted  to  electric  driving.  The 
saving  in  running  costs  since  the  conversion  had  been  so  great  that 
the  whole  of  the  electrical  outfit,  including  cost  of  foundations, 
kc,  would  be  paid  for  in  two  years  by  the  saving  (ffected. 

Mr.  W.  Fennell  said  he  had  found  the  best  means  to  convince 
a  sceptical  power  user  of  the  economy  of  electric  driving  to  be  a 
trial,  taking  one  part  of  the  works  which  could  be  ea.aily  isolated. 
In  two  cases  he  arranged  for  the  hire,  with  option  of  purchase,  of  the 
e(iuipment  of  quite  large  works,  one  of  them  taking  about  400  H.P. 
He  took  the  risk  of  cost  of  service,  kc,  and  of  temporary  wiring. 
In  both  cases  he  convinced  the  intending  consumers  that  electric 
driving  would  save  them  money.  With  regard  to  the  damage  done 
by  irresponsible  and  unskilled  arrangements,  they  made  it  a  point 
at  Wednesbury  to  get  in  touch  with  works  users  in  the  early  stages, 
and  in  those  cases  where  the  work  was  not  in  the  hands  of  special- 
ists, they  gave  advice  and  kept  more  or  less  control  of  the  arrange- 
ments from  start  to  finish.  He  always  made  it  clear  that  he  took 
no  moral  responsibility  for  results  where  he  was  not  consulted. 


Faraday  Societj'. 

General  Discussion  on  the  Corrosion  ok  Iron  and  Steel. 

At  their  April  meetine,  the  Faraday  Society  met  at  Manchester, 
combining  forces  wi^h  the  Local  Section  of  the  Society  of  Chemical 
Industry.  A  group  of  papers  was  presented  dealing  with  the 
electrochemical  aspects  of  the  corrosion — and  its  prevention — of 
iron  and  steel,  and  a  long  and  interesting  discussion  followed  the 
reading  of  the  papers. 

Mr.  Bertram  Lambert.  M.A.,  put  forward  "  An  Electro- 
lytic Theory  of  the  Corrosion  of  Iron.'  which  is  claimed  to  be 
a  simple  and  natural  development  of  the  idea-s  of  Faraday  on 
electrolysis.  Everybody  knows  that  commercial  zinc  dissolves 
freely  in  diluted  acid,  because  the  impurities  in  the  metal  set  up 
ever  so  many  niinute  voltaic  cells,  in  which  the  zinc  is  the  positive 
element,  and  so  goes  into  solution  through  the  action  of  the 
innumerable  local  currents.  Pure  zinc  or  amalgamated  zinc — which 
is  supposed  to  have  an  "  electrochemically '' homogeneous  surface, 
will  not  go  into  solution,  because  no  electrolytic  action  is  possible. 
Iron,  according  to  this  conception,  behaves  in  an  exactly  similar 
manner,  and  if  the  conditions  are  such  that  an  appreciable  current 
can  pass  between  two  electrically  different  {i.f.,  different  in  their 
solution  pressures)  parts  of  the  iron,  the  more  electro-positive 
portions  will  dissolve  away  ;  this  dissolution  is  a  necessary  pre- 
liminary to  rusting.  The  conditions  just  referred  to  require  the 
presence  of  oxygen  dissolved  in  the  water,  for  in  oxygen  free  pure 
water  the  current  that  passes  is  almost  infinitesimal,  and  the 
amount  of  iron  dissolved  can  hardly  be  detected.  The  rea.'<on  for  this 
is,  that  the  local  current  set  up  in  the  iron  causes  a  film  of  hydrogen 
to  be  deposited  on  the  more  electro-negative  portions,  introducing 
an  enormous  resistance  into  the  circuit.  When  oxygen  is  present, 
the  hydrogen  film  is  lie^xilnrix/d,  and  the  current,  therefore, 
persists  and  the  solution  of  iron  continues.  That  this  explanation 
of  the  necessity  for  the  presence  of  oxygen  is  a  true  one  is  borne 
out  by  what  happens  when  a  piece  of  commercial  iron  is  dipped 
into  a  solution  of  pure  copper  sulphate  in  a  vacuum.  Here  it  is 
copper  and  not  hydrogen  that  is  deposited  on  the  more  electro- 
negative portions  of  the  iron^  and  so  the  action  is  able  to  proceed 
until  all  the  iron  goes  into  solution  or  all  the  copper  is  removed. 
Mr.  Lambert  regards  it  as  well-established  that  all  that  is  necessary 
for  the  rusting  of  commercial  iron  is  the  presence  of  pure  water 
and  pure  oxygen,  and  the  carbonic  acid  theory  which  states 
that  this,  or  some  other  acid,  must  always  be  present,  must 
be  abandoned  in  favour  of  the  electrolytic  theory,  in  face 
of  the  experimental  evidence  now  supporting  this  hypo- 
thesis. The  following  experiments  of  Mr.  Lambert  must  carry 
conviction  on  this  point.  He  has  prepared  chemically  pure  iron 
that  can  be  exposed  to  the  action  of  tap-water  and  air  for  an 
indefinite  time  without  showing  signs  of  rust,  and  the  same 
specimens  would  not  replace  copper  from  copper  sulphate  or  nitrite 
solutions.  Some  of  these  specimens  were,  after  careful  drying, 
then  subjected  to  prefsnre  in  a  polished  agate  mortar  by  an  agate 
pestle,   and  they  were  again  put  into  water  and  exposed  to  the  air 


Vol.72.    No.  l.Hr.i,  May  m,  lOia.] 


THE    K.IJ'UrnilCAL    KlilYIEW. 


881 


They  mated  in  tho  oourHO  of  a  few  hours,  runt  formiDK  Brut  at 
the  (hIhoh  whiiih  hud  not  buun  proMHod  by  the  axatu,  while  the 
proHsed  portioim  reniuinud  ([iiite  bripht.  ThiM  ih  exactly  what 
would  be  ex[)0(;ted  if  tho  electrolytic  theory  in  true,  for  the  Htraincd 
and  iinnlriiiiuid  portiouM  of  the  iron  will  be  two  difVcront  inDdiflcii- 
tiouH  eloelricully  coiiMiderBd,  hiivin(f  different  nolution  preHHureH, 
and  HO  local  currentH  will  be  net  up  when  the  metal  ih  placed  in 
water  or  copper  Hulphate. 

The  actual   formation  of  runt  in  a  Hecondary  chemical  action  on 
the  iron  that  haw  (tone  by  elcctrolysiB  into  nolution  in  the  form  of 
ferroua  ionH.     ThcHC  ferrouH  ionn  comliine  with  the  hydroxyl   ions 
present  in  tho  water  to  form  iindiHsociatcd  ferrouH-hydroxiUo. 
I'e  +  2  (Oil)'  -     Fe  (OU),. 

Then  the  oxyiren  in  solution  playu  a  second  pait,  and  converts 
the  ferrous  hydroxide  into  some  hydrated  form  of  ferric  oxide, 
which  is  rust — 

4  Fe  (Oil).  +  Oj  +  2  H/)  =   I  Fe  (OIDb. 

Tho  behaviour  of  pure  iron  towards  copper  chloride  or  in  dilute 
alkali  chloride  solutions  is  strantrely  anomalous,  and  at  present 
altoffether  inexplicable.  Specimens  which  remain  unaltered  in  the 
sulphate  or  nitrata  are  immediately  attacked  by  copper  chloride  and 
will  corrode  in  quite  dilute  salt  solutions,  and  this  curious  behaviour 
cannot  be  accounted  for  by  the  presence  of  a  protective  film  of 
oxide  or  hydride  on  the  iron.  The  matter  is  beinfr  further  investi- 
gated by  Mr.  Lambert. 

Very  interesting!:  is  Mr.  Lambert's  suppeation  plausible,  although 
asyet  unsupported  by  experimental  evidence — that  substances  which 
protect  iron  from  corrosion  have  the  po\*er,  in  some  way  or  other, 
of  destroying  or  reducing  the  electrical  differences  which  always 
exist  in  commercial  forms  of  iron — that  they  have  a  passiviving 
effect — and  that  the  substances,  like  the  chlorides  of  the  alkali 
metals,  which  stimulate  corrosion,  do  so  by  increasing  these 
electrical  differences.  This  would  explain  the  remarkable 
behaviour  of  pure  iron  towards  copper  chloride  and  alkali  chloride 
solutions. 

Mu.  J.  I.  CuABTKEE,  M.Sc,  read  a  paper  on  "The  Nature  of  Over- 
voltage."  Apart  from  the  intrinsic  interest  of  this  peculiar  phe- 
nomenon to  the  electro-chemist,  Mr.  Crabtree  shows  how  direct  a 
bearing  the  subject  has  on  the  question  of  corrosion,  as  will  be 
explained  presently.  The  over-voltage  of  a  metal  may  be  regarded 
as  the  excess  of  the  anodic  or  cathodic  decomposition  voltage  of 
a  dilute  acid  with  an  electrode  of  that  metal  over  that  for  platinised 
platinum,  or  as  the  excess  of  the  back  e.m  f.  set  up  at  the  electrode 
after  polarisation  over  that  set  up  by  a  platinised  platinum  plate 
under  identical  conditions.  Mr.  Crabtree's  method  of  determining 
this  back  e,m,f.  is  by  alternately  polarising  an  electrode  in  deci- 
normal  H2  SOi  for  30  minutes,  and  then  measuring  its  single 
potential  difference  (against  a  "normal"  electrode)  by  means  of  a 
potentiometer.  The  over-voltage  is  not  a  constant  for  any  given 
metal,  but  it  varies  with  such  factors  as  the  time  of  application  of 
the  polarising  current,  current  density,  thickness  and  physical  con- 
dition of  the  surface  of  the  electrode,  depending  to  an  unknown 
degree  on  the  presence  of  some  foreign  bodies,  such  as  colloids  and 
alkeloids,  in  the  electrolyte,  and,  of  course,  above  all  on  the  nature 
of  the  metal.  The  values  for  the  cathodic  over-voltage  of  the 
commoner  metals  are  in  the  following  order  of  magnitude  : — 

Hg >•  Pb  — ►  Cd  — >"  Sn >■  Bi >■  Sb  — >■  Ni  — ►  Pt. 

Over-voltage  is,  in  all  probability,  closely  connected  with  the 
transformation  oif  the  gas  evolved  at  the  electrode  from  the  ionic 
to  the  molecular  state,  and  it  may  be  a  measure  of  the  difference 
between  the  rate  of  production  of  ions  and  of  their  combination  to 
form  neutral  gaseous  molecules  or  groups  of  molecules.  Nernst 
supposes  that  this  ionic  combination  can  only  take  place  within 
the  electrode,  which  possibly  acts  as  a  sort  of  catalytic  agent.  This 
may  explain  why  the  over-voltage  for  metals  like  platinum  and 
nickel,  which  easily  occlude  gases,  is  so  low,  although  other  factors 
would  also  come  into  play.  Generally,  therefore,  it  may  be  said 
that  over-voltage  is  proportional  to  the  power  of  the  metal  for 
affecting  the  velocity  of  the  reaction — 

ions  y        molecules. 

Perhaps  the  ions,  after  being  discharged,  pass  into  a  condition  of 
unstable  equilibrium,  and  give  rise  to  a  back  e.m. p. 

If  the  electrolytic  theory  of  corrosion  put  forward  by  Mr. 
Lambert,  as  outlined  above,  be  correct,  the  relation  of  over- 
voltage  to  corrosion  will  be  obvious.  The  effect  of  over-voltage 
will  be  either  to  assist  or  retard  the  deposition  of  hydrogen  or 
oxygen  on  the  surface  of  the  metal,  thus  directly  affecting  corro- 
sion, or  it  will  set  up  a  back  e.m.f.,  which  will  diminish  the  local 
currents  that  are  the  cause  of  corrosion  ;  or,  finally,  it  may  assist 
or  prevent  the  solution  of  the  metal.  Thus,  a  metal  will  only  go 
into  solution  in  an  acid  if  its  over- voltage  is  less  than  the  difference 
between  the  e.m.f.  of  the  metal  and  the  back  em. p.  of  hydrogen. 
If  the  over-voltage  is  large,  no  solution  of  the  metal  can  occur  ; 
this  is  the  case  with  amalgamated  zinc,  where  the  mercury  is  the 
cause  of  the  high  over-voltage.  With  galvanised  iron,  to  take 
another  example,  very  little  solution  of  iron  takes  place,  because 
the  latter  assumes  the  high  over- voltage  of  its  zinc  covering. 

Prof.  W.  W.  Haldane  Gee  delivered  a  lecture,  illustrated  by 
experiments  and  lantern  slides,  on  "  Electrolytic  Methods  for  Pre- 
venting the  Corrosion  of  Metals."  The  principle  underlying  all 
these  methods  is  to  make  the  metal  to  be  protected  a  cathode, 
either  by  attaching  to  it  a  more  electro^positive  metal,  or  else  by 
means  of  an  external  current.  The  use  of  zinc  in  boilers  is  the  best 
known  example  of  the  first  method.  Unfortunately  its  efficacy  is 
somewhat  impaired  by  a  lack  of  exact  experimental  data  with 
regard  to  the  resistance  of  boiler  waters  and  the  effective  voltages 
Ibrought  into  play  at  temperatures  of  150  200°  C.    The  zinc  con- 


Muroption  would  appttar  to  ho  much  larffur  than  it  need  tjfl  ;  in  «oro« 
murine  boihirn  it  iH  om  Kritat  an  lOOfiOO  lb.  p«!r  annom.  Thin  l* 
e(|iiivaleiit  to  a  coiiMlaiitly  dowiiii,'  current  of  I  i  to  2r<  aiii|M'r<r«i.  arid 
I'rof.  <ii!e  pointH  OMl  that  (;urri-ii  tn  of  nuch  itiuvnituilu  can  li<- pro- 
du<;(!d  much  more  eheiiply  from  iJyiiumoH,  ami  devicix  are  riow  ui 
UHe  In  which  an  external  Huiirri-  of  current  ih  r'niploye  I.  Mr. 
Elliott  Cumberland,  for  example,  plui»;H  i'oii  iinoden  in  the  wat«r 
of  tho  boiler,  which  in  mode  cathode,  uMini;  a  itmall  motor- 
generator  to  supply  curr('nt,  and  the  rnethtd  hoK  >«rm  found 
effective  in  removing  Hcalo  as  well  ax  in  preventing  corroitlon. 
Prof.  Gee  has  found  that  the  current  dennitieM  ne<;eHi«ry  for  tho 
protection  of  iron  and  copper  from  tho  corroHive  action  of  frenh  or 
salt  water  are  <(uite  low,  no  that  the  cont  of  anoden  would  \f  the 
chief  item  of  expense.  MesHrH.  Harris  and  Andcrnon  have  apjiiie'l 
electrical  currentH  for  the  prevention  of  the  corroHion  of  condeii-x-rn. 
They  find  a  condenHcr  witha  cooling  surfaceof  I,02.">  iv\,  ft.  re<)uire« 
only  2  volts  and  2  amperes,  and  the  special  anodeH  uned  by  them 
cost  from  £3  'm,  per  1,000  H|.  ft.  per  annum.  The  uhc  of  electrical 
currents  may  also  be  applied  in  chemical  works  to  prevent  the 
corrosion  of  metallic  screens  and  vessels  by  acid  liijuids. 


PIiaRo  Advancing. 

iDUvnsxUtn  on  papfr   hij  Dll.  G.  KaI'P   hffore  Ihf  ISBTlTlrTIOX  Of 
ElECTIUCAL   E.NUI.NEEH.S.      l\ir  uhnli-aH  of  pallet  ncr  po(je  7MJ.) 

DiscusaioN  at  Bibmikoham. 

Mh.  R.  a.  Chattock  said  that  the  apparatus  appeared  to  he  so 
simple  and  reasonable  in  cost  that  it  would  probably  be  to  the 
interest  of  the  supply  undertakings  themselves  to  install  it  in  con- 
nection with  large  motors  on  their  supply.  In  Birmingham  the 
transforming  machinery  in  the  sub-stations,  consisting  of  rotary 
converters,  was  used  for  correcting  the  power  factor,  and  in  this 
way  about  two-thirds  of  the  system  was  run  at  a  power  factor 
approaching  unity.  The  system  of  metering  described  was  a  very 
interesting  one,  but  it  would  be  very  difficult  to  explain  this  to  a 
consumer,  and  to  convince  him  that  he  was  paying  correctly  for 
his  units. 

Mr.  a.  M.  Taylor  referred  to  Dr.  Kapp's  suggestion  that  if  the 
central  station  would  give  a  rebate  to  a  consumer  of  10  per  cent,  off 
the  fixed  charges,  it  would  provide  the  consumer  with  the  recom- 
pense which  would  warrant  his  incurring  the  extra  capital  expen- 
diture to  install  phase-advancers.  Dr.  Kapp  held  that  the  Power 
Co.  had  no  other  expense  to  incur  than  that  for  fuel  and  water,  and 
that  as  it  gained  new  consumer.s  without  any  further  capital  outlay, 
it  was  strongly  to  its  interest  to  give  the  required  discount.  There 
was  a  fallacy  in  this  reasoning,  because  in  most  cases  the  engineers 
of  supply  stations  had  already  discounted  for  the  power  factor  of 
their  generators,  and  there  was  not  the  margin  on  the  steam  side, 
amounting  to  an  extra  25  per  cent.,  which  Dr.  Kapps  premises 
would  involve.  The  conditions  under  which  the  station  therefore 
obtained  the  new  load  were  not  very  materially  better  than  these 
under  which  it  obtained  its  existing  load,  and  in  addition,  the  4  per 
cent,  loss  on  the  consumer's  motor  had  to  be  paid  for  from  some- 
where. Dr.  Rosenberg,  in  his  recent  paper,  stated  that  in  order 
to  improve  the  power  factor  from  '707  to  '8,  the  losses  in  a 
synchronous  condenser  able  to  give  250  k.v.a.  would  amount  to 
10  per  cent,  of  the  rating  of  the  condenser.  Dr.  Kapp,  however, 
appeared  to  allow  that  4  per  cent,  would  be  sufficient. 

Mr.  N.  Shuttleworth  said  that  the  question  of  power-factor 
improvement  was  being  forced  upon  central  station  (engineers, 
because  of  the  rapidity  with  which  existing  cables  were  becoming 
overloaded,  and  the  only  remedy,  in  many  cases,  to  save  duplication 
was  the  adoption  of  a  phase-advancing  device.  The  author  had 
given  the  costs  per  extra  saleable  KW.,  first,  with  synchronous 
motors  runnine  light,  and,  secondly,  with  loaded  synchronous 
motors  used  also  for  the  purpose  of  power-factor  improvement.  The 
relative  costs  were  C7  to  C  10  per  KW.,  and  £2  per  kw.  respectively. 
The  speaker  was  able  to  add  to  these  figures  the  costs  of  phase- 
advancers  for  the  same  duties  ;  the  variation  was  from  l.'is.  to  t2 
per  extra  saleable  kw.,  the  cost  depending  upon  the  size  of  the 
motor  to  which  the  advancer  was  applied.  The  cost  per  k.v.a. 
reduction  in  the  wattless  component  of  the  pcwer  supply  varied 
from  8s.  to  25s.  per  k.v.a.  correction.  There  was  a  limit  to  which 
the  phase  advancer  could  be  pushed,  if  unnecessary  expense  was  to 
be  avoided.  To  cause  the  main  motor  to  draw  leading  current  at 
0'8  power  factor,  it  was  necessary  to  increase  the  rotor  current 
more  than  (10  per  cent.,  and  to  increase  the  size  of  the  advancer  in 
a  still  greater  ratio.  (Generally  speaking,  the  leading  power 
factor  on  any  one  motor  should  not  be  lower  than  0'9  for  gcod 
results. 

Me.  E.  A;  Watson  said  he  was  very  much  struck  with  the 
Scherbius  phase  advancer  described  in  the  paper  as  a  machine 
which  had  no  stationary  part,  with  the  exception  of  the  brush  gear. 
He  did  not  quite  agree  with  Prof.  Kapp  tiat  the  driving  motor 
supplied  the  losses  due  to  windage,  friction  and  hysteresis.  The 
windage  and  friction  losses  certainly  were  supplied  mechanically, 
but  he  did  not  see  how  the  hysteresis  or  eddycnrrent  losses  could 
be.  N)  mechanical  torque  could  be  exerted  on  the  revolving 
member  without  a  corresponding  equal  and  opposite  torque  being 
exerted  on  a  fixed  one.  Any  hysteresis  loss,  if  supplied  by  the 
driving  motor,  implied  the  presence  of  a  mechanical  torque  .acting 
on  the  shaft,  and  this  must  be  accompanied  by  an  oiual  and 
opposite  one  acting  on  some  fixed  portion  of  the  machine.  As  the 
only  fixed  portions  were  the  brush  gear  and,  to  some  extent,  the 
surrounding  air,  it  was  not  quite  clear  how  this  could  exist.  He 
was  inclined  to  think  that  the  true  explanation  was  that  these 
losses  were  supplied  electrically  through  the  windings  of  the 
a<lvaacer  itself.     One  of  the  chief  points  of  Prof.  Kapps  arrange- 


832 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,851,  Mat  IC,  1913. 


ment  appeared  to  be  that,  althoogh  the  vibrator  only  had  to  inject 
a  small  e.m.f.  into  the  circuit,  this  was,  as  it  were,  mag-nifieH  by 
the  motor  itself  in  approximately  the  ratio  of  1/slip,  and  produced 
a  vastly  greater  effect  at  the  stator  terminals. 

Dr.  M.  L.  Kahn  said  that  the  excitation  of  a  synchronous  motor 
required  only  a  few  per  cent,  of  its  output,  and  the  excitation 
current  was  conveyed  to  such  motors  by  short  low-voltage  leads. 
In  the  case  of  induction  motors  connected  to  a  high-tension  power 
transmission,  the  excitation  had  to  be  provided  from  the  main 
station  at  the  full  voltage  of  the  supply  ;  with  a  power  factor  of 
'8  the  K.v.A.  required  for  excitation  were  75  per  cent,  of  the  kilo- 
watts of  energy  transmitted,  and  the  line  losses  were  increased  by 
53  per  cent,  above  the  losses  through  the  pure  watt  current.  The 
arrangement  invented  by  Prof.  Kapp  reduced  the  k.v.a.  required 
by  excitation  approximately  in  the  ratio  of  slip  to  full  speed,  as  the 
excitation  was  not  supplied  to  the  stator  with  the  full  voltage,  but 
to  the  rotor  with  a  voltage  of  the  order  of  the  slip  voltage.  This 
exciting  current  was  conveyed  to  the  motor  by  short  low- 
tension  leads.  One  could  see  from  this  that  by  Prof.  Kapp's 
arrangement  the  K.v  A.  required  for  excitation,  and  the 
distance  the  exciting  current  had  to  travel,  had  been  reduced 
to  a  .small  fraction  of  the  values  which  were  necessary  in  the  case 
of  ordinary  induction  motors.  The  induction  motor  was  thus 
brought  in  line  with  the  synchronous  motor,  as  far  as  the  excita- 
tion was  concerned — the  phase  advancer  taking  the  place  of  the 
exciter — without  the  disadvantages  of  low  starting  torque  and  syn- 
chronising difficulties.  Moreover,  the  apparatus  in\iented  by  Prof. 
Kapp  required,  if  anything,  less  attention  and  was  less  likely  to 
get  out  of  order  than  the  exciter  of  a  synchronous  machine.  In 
considering  the  cost  of  the  apparatus,  one  must  take  into  account 
that  the  siza  of  the  induction  motor  could  be  materially  reduced  if 
a  phase  advancer  was  added,  for  the  following  reasons  :—(l)  The 
stator  had  only  to  carry  the  watt  current,  and  the  heating  in  this 
part  was  materially  reduced  ;  (2)  the  overload  of  a  motor  of  a 
given  si/e  was  increased  by  attaching  a  phase  advancer  ;  (:i)  the 
increase  of  rotor  current  due  to  the  exciting  current  in  the  rotor 
did  not  affect  the  design  materially,  as  the  rotor  of  an  induction 
motor  usually  worked  well  below  the  heating  limits.  Considering 
the  case  of  a  1,300-1!. H. p.  induction  motor  wound  for  8,000  volts, 
50  periods,  272  k.p  .v.,  with  a  power  factor  of  '82.  which  was  made 
some  years  ago,  it  was  found  that  by  designing  the  machine  for 
use  in  connection  with  a  phase  advancer,  the  diameter  of  the 
machine  could  be  reduced  15  per  cent.,  and  the  weight  of  the 
punchings  could  be  reduced  from  7 J  to  5§  tons.  This  saving  of 
material  was  effected  without  increasing  the  loading  of  the  mate- 
rial, i.e..  the  loss  per  pound  of  material.  The  losses  in  the  motor 
itself  were  slightly  reduced,  which  made  up  for  the  losses  in  the 
phase  advancer,  so  that  the  total  energy  consumed  was  not 
increased.  For  small  motors,  the  conditions  were  not  so  favour- 
able, but  in  the  case  of  motors  above  200  ii.r.  the  phase  advancer 
offered  a  very  attractive  proposition. 

Mr.  R.  Oksettich  said  that  it  was  very  seldom  realised  that 
small  motors  running  at  slow  speeds  had  generally  a  power  factor 
below  8,  especially  as  they  were  mo.-^tly  run  below  their  full  load 
rating.  The  result  was  that  mine?,  collieries,  and  works  plants  found 
that  after  a  time  it  was  necessary  to  lay  new  cables  in  order  to  cope 
with  the  increased  current  expected  from  the  power  consumed, 
la  plants  of  this  kind  the  phase  compensator  explained  by  the 
author  would  be  of  great  advantage.  Large  corporation  plants 
were  not  affected  to  the  same  extent.  A  phase  advancer  either  of 
the  Scherbius  or  the  Kapp  type  enabled  an  ordinary  standard  motor 
to  be  installed,  with  the  only  difference  that  no  short-circuiting 
gear  could  be  used,  as  the  slip  rings  had  to  carry  the  current  of  the 
compensator.  Both  compensators  had  the  disadvantage  of  requiring 
commutators,  through  which  the  rotor  current  must  pass.  The 
Scherbius  compensator  was  usually  driven  by  a  separate  small 
motor,  and  this  corresponded  approximately  to  the  expenditure  of  a 
small  separate  exciter,  which  had  to  be  fitted  to  the  induction  motor 
when  using  the  Kapp  compensator.  It  was  quite  possible  to  put 
up  an  induction  motor  of  the  standard  type,  fitted  with  a  small 
exciter  and  an  independent  phase  compensator  of  the  Kapp  system, 
against  the  cost  of  supplying  a  synchronous  motor  of  the  standard 
type,  fitted  with  a  starting  motor  and  a  small  exciter.  The  price 
of  a  synchronous  self-starting  motor  was  much  higher. 

Dr.  Sumpner  stated  that  Mr.  James  Swinburne  was  the  first  to 
suggest  using  a  magnetic  vibrator  as  an  AC.  load  taking  a  leading 
current  Dr.  Kapp's  device  was  made  possible  commercially  because 
he  utilised  the  low  frequencies  of  the  rotor  currents.  It  could  be 
shown  that  the  number  of  volt-amperes  per  phase  taken  by  the 
Kapp  vibrator  was  given  by  the  formula — 

\'  A  =  (a  r)-/l  w. 

where  A  was  the  rotor  current  in  amperes  passing  into  the  vibrator 
armature  ;  c  the  voltage  generated  in  this  armature  if  run  at  con- 
stant speed  (one  radian  per  second)  ;  I  the  moment  of  inertia  of  the 
armature  ;  and  u  =  2  ir  a  f,  where/ was  the  circuit  fre(iuency  and 
a  was  the  slip.  The  numerator  of  the  fraction  was  a  constant  for  a 
particular  armature,  since  the  allowable  current  a  was  inversely 
proportional  to  the  number  of  conductors  dtterniining  the  voltage  r. 
Hence,  to  increase  the  volt-amperes  it  was  necessary  to  keep  the 
values  of  i  and  u  small.  The  importance  of  the  smallness  of  the 
slip  frequency  (r/ was  two-fold.  It  not  only  increased  the  capacity 
of  the  armature  in  volt-amperes,  but  also  reduced  the  number  of 
volt-amperes  needed  for  comiiensation. 

Mr.  a.  R.  Kverest  said  there  was  a  large  field  for  devices  which 
would  overcome  the  low  power  factor  inherently  associated  with 
certain  classes  of  load.  It  was  somewhat  surprising  to  find  the 
self -starting  synchronous  motor  regarded  as  a  comparative  .novelty. 
In  the  United  States  they  had  been  building  Eelf-starting  machines 
for  Bome  years  past.      Dr.  Kapp  mentioned  two  British  firms  now 


building  such  machines,  and  the  British  Thomson-Houston  Co., 
Ltd.,  also  built  self-starting  synchronous  motors,  having  even  better 
starting  characteristics  (in  torque  per  ampere)  than  the  correspond- 
ing sizes  of  Equirrel-cage  induction  motors.  They  were  started 
under  the  same  conditions  of  load  as  the  squirrel-cage  motors,  and 
with  the  same  device  to  reduce  the  applied  voltage  at  starting.  No 
synchronising  was  required,  as  the  motor  pulled  into  step  when  the 
field  was  excited.  Such  machines  were  well  suited  for  use  with  a 
surplus  of  excitation,  so  as  to  draw  leading  current  and  neutralise 
a  bad  power  factor  arising  elsewhere. 


Discussion  in  London. 

Mr.  W.  M.  Mokuey,  who  opened  the  discussion,  regretted  that 
the  author  had  dismissed  so  briefly  the  use  of  electrostatic  con- 
densers as  phase  correctors.  He  had  personally  been  attracted  by  the 
subject,  and  mentioned  the  paper  he  contributed  to  the  Institution 
bearing  on  the  matter  in  1909.  Now  that  condensers  were  so  cheap 
it  appeared  that  there  was  some  chance  of  using  them  in  this  way. 
The  Walker  advancer  cost  about  £2  per  k.\  a.,  and  he  believed  that 
proper  condensers  could  now  be  obtained  at  a  figure  comparable 
with  the  apparent  cost  of  the  authpr's  apparatus — say,  10s.  per 
K.v.A.  The  apparatus  described  appeared  greatly  to  increase  the 
slip,  and  this  might  be  a  serious  disadvantage  in  some  cases.  The 
efficiency  (88  per  cent.)  of  the  Brown-Boveri  motor  appeared  to  be 
low,  and  might  have  affected  the  results.  The  figure  attributed  to 
Mr.  Ashton^Ji:r9  per  k.v.a.  for  static  condensers — was  much 
higher  than  he  (the  speaker)  had  found  some  years  ago. 

Mu.  A.  W.  AsHTON  said  it  was  three  years  since  the  first  electro- 
static condenser  was  used  in  this  country  on  a  practical  scale — for 
improving  the  power  factor  of  an  arc  lamp  circuit  in  North  London  ; 
within  the  last  year  three  larger  orders  had  been  carried  out  by  the 
B.I.  and  Ilelsby  people  for  pressures  of  ."i50  volts,  50  periods,  and 
for  7,000  volts,  which  showed  that  this  type  of  condenser  was  not 
altogether  out  of  the  running.  No  breakdown  had  come  to  the 
notice  of  the  makers ;  the  condensers  were,  of  course,  largely 
confined  to  50-period  circuits.  The  condenser  could  be  applied 
close  to  the  apparatus  having  a  poor  power  factor  and  was  suitable 
for  comparatively  small  motors.  Looking  over  the  cost  of  installing 
the  phase-advancer,  given  in  the  paper,  he  thought  the  consumer 
would  have  to  have  10  per  cent,  discount  before  he  obtained  any 
advantage,  taking  into  account  losses  and  repayment  of  capital. 

Mb.  W.  H.  Bosworth  thought  the  author's  conclusions  were 
rather  unfair  to  the  rotary  condenser  ;  he  had  over-estimated  its  size. 
In  practice  a  machine  used  as  a  phase  advancer  and  motor  came 
out  about  45  per  cent,  larger  in  capacity  than  a  machine  used  us  a 
motor  alone,  though  the  excess  did  not  mean  excessive  cost  on 
account  of  the  tigher  speeds.  This  compared  with  19  per  cent, 
given  by  the  author.  The  description  of  the  Lancashire  Dynamo 
Co.'s  self-starting  machine  was  not  quite  accurate  :  the  latest  starter 
was  operated  by  one  hand-wheel  and  interlocked  switches.  The  com- 
bination of  a  phase  advancer  and  motor  cost  more  than  a  self- 
starting  motor  alone  in  his  experience,  and  the  latter  machine 
seemed  more  suitable  for  ordinary  commercial  use.  He  congratu- 
lated the  author  on  having  drawn  attention  to  the  commercial 
possibilities  of  the  subject. 

Mr.  F.  Greedy  said  the  Miles-Walker  machine  could  be  used  for 
artificially  reducing  slip  to  zero,  or  making  it  a  negative  slip. 
Small  slip  was  important,  and  he  believed  a  much  smaller  slip 
could  be  obtained  by  employing  a  wound  stator.  He  asked  why 
attention  was  always  given  to  the  series  type  of  machine  ;  a  shunt 
machine  could  improve  the  power  factor  at  no-load. 

Mr.  J.  T.  Irwin  suggested  that  the  vibrator  could  be  made  to 
have  a  larger  mechanical  movement  by  employing  a  spring  control 
or  air  buffers  for  bringing  the  armature  back  to  the  mean  position. 

Prof.  Kapp,  in  replying,  said  he  was  glad  to  hear  that  con- 
densers were  commercially  used.  He  did  not  disparage  their  use, 
but  they  could  not  improve  the  load  conditions  of  a  motor  by  using 
them.  He  agreed  that  there  must  be  additional  loss  with  the  phase 
advancer  and  motor,  two  machines,  but  the  saving  in  copper  loss 
would,  he  thought,  pay  for  the  power  used  in  the  advancer.  The 
efficiency  of  the  condenser  had  not  been  stated  (Mr.  Ashton  here 
mentioned  a  loss  of  not  more  than  '3  per  cent.).  It  was  a  barbarous 
thing  that  they  should  chase  thousands  of  amperes  through  the 
mains  without  getting  anything  for  it.  The  objection  to  increased 
slip  was  not  so  serious  if  suitable  cases  were  considered.  As  to  the 
saving  of  weight,  a  speaker  at  Birmingham  said  there  was  a  differ- 
ence of  2  tons  in  favour  of  a  350-H.P.  motor  and  advancer  as  against 
a  motor  without  it.  The  movement  of  the  vibrator  was  too  great 
to  make  use  of  IMr.  Irwin's  suggestion. 


Standard  Clauses  for  Street  Ligliting  Specifications. 

Replyin(i  to  Mr.  Edgcumbe's  letter  (j).  788),  Mr.  F.  W.  CJoodenough 
notes  that  he  is  still  strongly  of  opinion  that  the  average  illumination 
in  a  street  is  of  importance,  and  says  this  means  that  we  have  only 
got  to  arrive  at  some  practical  means  for  relating  our  specification  . 
to  that  average  for  us  to  get  nearer  the  goal  of  agreement  upon  a 
standard  specification.  But  first  it  is  necessary  to  dispel  the  idea 
that  minimum  horizontal  illumination  is  the  only  factor  necessary  ^ 
to  specify  in  an  illumination  contract.  Mr.  Trotter  laid  great  stress 
upon  the  fact  that  the  classification  of  streets  made  by  the 
surveyors,  as  the  result  of  an  inspection  of  their  lighting  by  night, 
was  in  agreement,  to  a  considerable  extent,  with  a  classification  of 
the  same  streets  according  to  minimum  horizontal  illumination 
measurements.  As  Mr.  Edgcumbe  endorses  Mr.  Trotter's  remarks  in 
his  letter,  Mr.  Goodenough  wishes  to  point  out  the  radical  unsound- 
ness of  the  argument,  and  to  ask  the  surveyors  to  give  careful  crn- 
eideration  to  the  matter.     If,  the  lighting  of  the  streets  which  tha 


Vol.72.     No.  1,851,  May  Ifi,  1913. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


888 


BUrvoyorH  iiiHptictcMl  hail  boon  pliinnctl  and  curriod  out  by  coiitriic- 
torn  worktinf  to  tho  Hp«oi(loiition  nn  draftcil,  thnn  it  niiifht  woll 
havo  hvtm  urjfed  (thoutfh  it  Htill  would  not  hiivo  Ix^on  triic)  that 
lii;htinu:  of  a  cort/iin  irrado  of  value  would  alwayH  luj  produccid  in 
a  Htreet  if  n  certain  nuniniiiiii  horizontal  illumination  were  Hpoci- 
fied.  lUit  that  waH  not  tho  cnHc,  and  that  is  whoro  tho  radical 
fallacy  of  tho  arj^umcnt  lies. 

The  liprhtini^  of  tho  Htroets  surveyed  was  desitfned  and  carried 
out  on  the  uHunI  plan  of  deoidinff,  by  experience  and  by  experi- 
ment, what  number  of  lamps  of  a  certain  description,  placed  on 
columns  of  a  certain  hoiirht,  would  give  the  kind  of  illumination 
that  was  desired  or  could  bo  afforded  in  those  streets.  ThoBC 
lamps  on  those  posts  at  certain  distances  apart  produced  the 
illumination  of  the  streets  which  the  surveyor:)  classified  as  A,  B,  C 
or  D,  according:  to  their  impression  of  that  illumination  on  inspect- 
inir  the  streets.  But  that  impression  was  produced  by  the  following 
factors  in  combination  : — The  apparent  bripfhtness  of  the  lamps  ; 
the  hei(jht  of  the  lamps  above  the  street  ;  the  distance  of  tho  lamps 
apart  ;  tho  maximum  illumination  in  the  street  ;  tho  pfradation  of 
maximum  down  to  minimum  illumination  in  the  street. 

All  these  factor.^,  not  the  last  one  only,  fro  to  make  up  the  pood, 
bad  or  indifferent  liirhtinn  of  a  street.  If  in  two  streets  you  have 
about  the  same  number  of  lamps  of  similar  power  on  columns 
of  similar  heipht,  you  will  get  about  the  same  maximum,  averagre 
and  minimum  horizontal  illumination.  By  a  different  number  of 
lamps  of  different  power  on  columns  of  different  height,  you  can 
cret  the  same  minimum  horizontal  illumination,  but  a  different 
maximum  and  a  different  average  illumination — a  differently 
lighted  street  altogether,  such  as  no  surveyor  would  class  with  the 
others. 

Is  it  not,  then,  obviously  illogical  to  say  that  to  ensure  that  a 
street  shall  be  lighted  up  to  a  certain  standard,  it  is  only  nectessary 
to  specify  the  minimum  illumination  which  the  contractor  is  to 
give,  leaving  it  to  him  to  give  what  maximum  and  average  illumi- 
nation he  chooses  I 

We  must  get  it  clearly  into  our  minds  that  minimum  horizontal 
illumination  is  only  one  of  the  effects  produced  "  under  present 
conditions  of  lighting,"  which  were  not  built  up  on  a  specification 
with  minimum  horizontal  illumination  as  its  basis.  Once  we  have 
all  got  to  the  point  of  agreeing  that  a  standard  specification  of 
street  lighting  must  have  regard  to  the  general  result  produced, 
and  not  to  one  factor  alone  of  the  several  which  form  the  whole, 
there  will  not  be  any  serious  difficulty  in  arriving  at  a  practical 
form  of  specification. 

Mr.  Goodenough  would  consider  that  a  specification  had 
sufficient  regard  to  the  maximum  and  average  illumination  of  a 
street  if  it  laid  down  within  reasonable  limits  what  relation  should 
exist  between  the  candle-power  measurements  of  lamps  (of  given 
height  at  defined  distances  apart)  at  three  specified  angles  below 
the  horizontal — say,  at  10°,  20°  and  50°,  taken  in  the  line  of 
maximum  illumination  -  with  a  clause  providing  that  measure- 
ments taken  at  similar  angles  in  any  other  direction  should  not  be 
less  than  a  specified  percentage  of  those  taken  in  the  direction  of 
maximum  illumination. 

Such  a  specification  would  not  entail  a  heavy  amount  of  work 
upon  the  engineer  having  supervision  of  the  contract  ;  it  would 
sufficiently  guard  against  "  freak  "  spots  of  lighting,  and  it  would 
overcome  many  of  the  objections  raised  against  the  draft 
specification. 


The  Dayton  Flood. — Our  contemporary,  the  Electriral 
HorU'ir  and  Western  Electriciun,  of  Chicago,  relates  experiences  of 
electrical  men  during  the  recent  terrible  floods.  Mr.  Frank  M. 
Tait,  president  of  the  Dayton  Power  and  Light  Co.,  who  is  also 
president  of  the  National  Electric  Light  Association,  was  a  prisoner 
on  the  second  floor  of  his  home  for  two  days,  and  grave  fears  were 
at  one  time  entertained  for  his  safety.  He  reports  :  "Both  power 
plants  under  12  ft.  of  mud  and  water  for  50  hours."  Some  of  the 
company's  employes  were  ''prisoners  in  the  plant  while  the  water 
covered  everything."  They  told  of  having  kept  alive  on  the  fruit 
that  floated  in  from  a  neighbouring  market  and  the  rain  which 
they  caught  in  their  hats.  Vice-President  J.  W.  Lieb,  jun.,  vice- 
president  of  the  New  York  Edison  Co.,  describing  the  Dayton  plant 
as  he  found  it  on  the  day  after  the  water  receded  from  the  streets 
of  the  city,  said  : — 

"After  trudging  a  mile  and  a  half  over  the  wreckage,  we  reached 
the  power  house  at  8  o'clock.  There  wasn't  a  soul  in  sight,  and 
everything  was  covered  with  mud.  Mud,  mud,  mud  and  slime  a 
foot  thick  was  over  the  generators,  the  switchboards,  the  motors, 
the  engines,  and  a  line  of  dirt  showed  where  the  water  had  reached 
the  operating  room,  13  ft.  above  the  floor  level.  High  up  on  the 
main  steamline  extended  a  walkway,  and  there,  the  only  living 
thing  in  sight,  perched  a  dog.  Onions  '  The  place  was  filled  with 
them.  They  were  thicker  in  the  mud  than  raisins  in  a  raisin  cake. 
Twelve  feet  above  the  floor,  on  a  generator  frame,  there  were  two 
crates  full  of  sprouting  red  onions,  while  the  whole  top  of  the 
switchboard  was  lined  with  them.  The  dog  was  chewing  one 
when  we  arrived,  and  from  that  we  named  him  'Onion.'  But  the 
place  was  an  awful  sight— sickening  and  discouraging.  The  mud 
nearly  reached  our  knees,  and  in  some  places  water  still  stood  a 
foot  deep  on  the  floor.  After  a  good  look  at  the  boiler  room,  still 
filled  with  water,  we  got  out  to  hunt  our  friends,  so  we  could  start 
the  task  of  clearing  the  wreckage  and  muck  and  get  things  going. 
This  was  no  small  task,  and  it  took  nearly  .'^0  hours  before  the  work 
of  drying  out  could  be  started." 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES,    riTTINOB 
AND    PLANT. 

AtlainH  Lirt  Controller. 

rig.  1  shows  ft  new  controller  for  lifts  and  hoixtii,  which  in  l^inif 
introduced  by  the  Adamh  .MANCFArTiKlsi;  Cn.,  Ltd.,  of  Bedford. 

The  controller  for  a  small  elix'tric  lift  or  lioint  i*  on  important  a« 
the  motor  itself,  as  on  it  dojwsnds  the  correct  operation  of  the  whol»; 
gear,  and  failure  of  even  one  small  part  is  liable  to  apxet  tho  whole 
Hp))aratus,  while  it  is  ran  by  personn  onually  qaitft  ifcnorant  of 
electrical  matters. 

The  lift  controller  illustrated  is  arranged  for  rope  operation, 
the  pulley  for  the  ro[K!  Iwing  mounted  on  tho  spindle  projecting 
from  the  top  of  the  apparatus.  It  consietti  ewtcntially  of  a  box 
containing  the  necessary  starting  resistance.     On  the  front  of  the 


Fig.  1. — Ad.\ms  Lift  CoNTRnLLER. 


box  is  mounted  one  of  the  new  "  Z  "  type  automatic  starters,  which 
consists  of  a  number  of  contact  fingers  which  are  brought  into 
operation  by  the  solenoid,  and  so  arranged  that  the  motor- 
starting  resistance  is  gradually  short-circuited  and  the  motor 
brought  up  to  speed.  An  adjustable  dashpot  controls  the  rate  at 
which  this  part  of  the  apparatus  works.  On  top  of  the  box  is 
mounted  a  drum-type  reversing  switch  which,  by  the  operation  of  the 
rope,  makes  the  circuits  for  the  motor  to  revolve  in  the  required 
direction,  and  then  energises  the  solenoid  on  the  "Z  "  type  starter. 
The  makers  claim  that  it  is  an  ideal  controller  for  small  reversible 
motors, 

A  Dutch  Oven  Type  Cooker. 

We  have  received  from  Messrs.  Simplex  Coxdiits,  Ltd.,  116, 
Charing  Cross  Road,  W.C.,  some  particulars  of  their  dutch-oven 
type  "  Plexsim  "  cookers. 


Fig.  2. — Pi.Ex.siM  Dftch-Oven,  Open. 


These  have  been  designed  particularly  for  small  householders,  and 
will  appeal  to  station  engineers  who  favour  hiring  schemes  on 
account  of  their  low  first  cost  and  loading. 


834 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.72.  No.  i.ssi.  may  16.  i9i:<. 


rnJ^.Vf""^' r*-n  ^'V°-  ^  '^  ''»•  ^  ^^  in.)  takes  a  maximum  of 
2nn        i2^„  A«'^A7,*°I-^''-^°.''"^^  the  larger  one  (21  in.  v 
I    ,  ^  ,{       ••  ^^^  *  ^^'^^  loading  of  1,200  watts,  and  takes  joints 
up  to  12  lb  weigrht.     With  the  assistance  of  one  or  two  exTra  h^t^ 

functions  of  the  ordinary  cast-iron  stove 

fnr^whilif  ^'-'^^l  ■  ^"i^Ji-  '\°''  *^^  arrangement  of  this  cooker, 

for  which  It  IS  claimed  that  heat  losses  from  radiation  and  from 

n^ot^^r  ^  of  the  oven  are  to  a  great  extent  avoided  owing  to  th^ 

sumSn    "         "      '  ^'^   ''""'   '^''  economises   in  ener^   con 

,r,Jn'il^^''^.-*{°''  ^'^•^''J^  ^liat  the  opening  of  the  door  or  hood 
lltT.:  P'»'-t>"ly»°°."«' behind  the  upright  partition  at  the  back  of 
the  shelves,  and  that  in  fact  the  heated  air  is  retained  in  the  hood 


Fig.  3.— PLEXstM  Oven  Closkd. 


We  gather  that  the  cooking  temperature  is  reached  within 
5  minutes  of  switching  on,  and,  moreover,  that  the  apparatus  has 
undergone  exhaustive  trials  in  the  firm's  own  kitchen  in  practical 

The  oven  is  arranged  for  heat  regulation,  and  is  fitted  with  inside 
grids  two  shelves  and  a  drip  tin.  Temperature  regulation  is 
effected  by  a  one-piece  connector. 

The  elements  are  of  the  incandescent  type,  and  actually  roa-st  • 
they  are  guaranteed  for  12  months,  and  are  readily  renewable  in  a 
few  minutes  at  home. 

Insppctinn  Lanip  for  Motor-Cars. 

Messrs.  Simplex  Conduit.s  Ltd.,  of  Garrison  Lane.  Birming- 
ham have  recently  introduced  the  inspection  hand  lamp,  shown  in 
hg.  4,  in  Its  cheapest  form,  for  motor-car  and  similar  work 


Fig.  4.— Ix?pectiox  Haxd  Lamp. 


The  lamp  shown  is  made  in  brass,  with  suspension  hook  and  cord 
grip  at  the  top,  and  has  a  substantial  guard.  Another  pattern 
diepeneee  with  the  guard,  the  lamp  being  enclosed  in  an  outer 
strong  glass  globe  and  provided  with  a  solid  handle  and  legs  to 


,st^d  the  lamp  upright;  the  latter  pattern  can  also  be  supplied 
with  a  guard  over  the  outer  globe.  The  lamps  are  snppli^  for 
1,  h,  or  8  volU,  and  3  yd.  of  flexible  cord  are  provided. 

Static  Discharger  Panel. 

A  compact  and  serviceable  panel  has  been  introduced  by  Messrp 
A.  Reybolle  k  Co.,  of  Hebbum-on-Tyne,  for  use  separately  or  in 
conjunction  with  their  enclosed  sheet-steel  switchgear,  including 
mnlti-disk  type  spark  gaps  in  series  with  isolating  switches  and 


Fig.  5.— Revbolle  Static  Di>chai!gek  Panel. 


Fig.  6.— Reab  View  of  O.B.C.  Standard   Higii-pressuee 

"MlSTAKE-PBOOF"   CONTROL   PaNEL,    WITH   A    DoOR   OPBy. 

current-limiting  resisUnces.     Fig.  :•  shows  the  arrangement  of  the 
spark  gaps  and  isolating  switches.     The  resistances  are  of  an  oil- 


Vol.72.    No.  l.K.M,  May  ir,,  I9i:t.l 


'I'lii'i   vaA'AituWjWj  iii':vii:\v. 


h:',0 


immorHod  typo,  and  tho    oontftiiiin({   liink    Hhown   in  iirruiii^vd  for 
loworinff  if  re(|uircd. 

The  panol  illuHtratod  (h  Huitablo  for  uno  on  :t,()00-volt  three-pliano 
Ry»t6mH.  Other  Hta)idard  dimiprriH  can  bo  obtainod  for  volta^cH  up 
to  20,000,  ono  form  boinir  made  Buitablo  for  pIiiKcin);  into  the  Holid 
type  armoured  h witch >rear. 

(j.E.C.  "MIstiiko-proof "  Kwitchboanls. 

A  now  lino  of  "  inintako-proof  "  paneln  haw  recently  been 
deHifrnod  by  the  Oenkmal  Ei.kc  ruic;  Co.,  IjTr).,  of  t',7,  Vucon  Victoria 
Street,  London,  EC.  In  thi«  deHi(;n  there  are  Beveral  noteworthy 
features.  Tho  iBolatintr  links  and  bua-bars  are  contained  in  a 
separate  compartment  situated  at  the  top  of  the  cubicles,  and  arc 
partitioned  ofV  from  the  main  cubicle  by  solid  metal  barriers,  thus 
making  it  impossible  for  anybody  accidentally  to  come  into  contact 
with  live  metal  ;  cleanintr  and  adjustinir  can  therefore  be  carried 
out  in  absolute  safety.  The  isolatinpr  links  are  firmly  locked  in 
position  during  the  time  the  panel  is  in  commission  ;  they  are 
operated  from  the  front  of  the  board,  this  dointr  away  with  the 
neoeseity  of  opcninpr  the  doors  to  isolate  the  cubicle.  The  inter- 
locking of  the  various  pieces  of  apparatus  is  arranjred  in  such  a 
way  that  it  is  impossible  to  open  or  close  the  circuit  with  tlie 
links  :  this  can  only  be  done  with  the  oil  switch,  a  point  of  preat 
importance.  Neither  marble  nor  slate  enters  into  the  construction 
of  the  board,  the  bus-bars,  terminals  and  isolatinp:*  links  being 
supported  on  porcelain  insulators.  Tho  framework  and  panels  are 
of  boiler  plate,  rendering  the  whole  fireproof.  No  special  founda- 
tions are  reciuired,  and  this,  together  with  the  fact  that  the  whole 
of  the  gear  is  concentrated  in  the  panel,  reduces  the  erection  cost 
to  a  minimum.  A  view  of  the  panel  is  given  in  fig.  6,  showing  the 
arrangement  of  the  interior. 


LEGAL. 


Gardiner  r.  London  United  Tramways,  Ltd. 

On  May  7th  before  Mr.  Justice  Bucknill  and  a  special  jury  in  the 
King's  Bench  Division,  an  action  was  concluded  in  which  Mr. 
C.  E.  S.  Gardiner,  consulting  engineer  and  expert  in  oils,  residing 
•  at  St.  Margaret's-on-Thames,  sued  the  defendant  company  to  recover 
damages  for  personal  injuries  sustained  through  the  alleged 
negligence  of  the  defendants'  servants,  while  he  was  riding  on  the 
top  of  one  of  their  electric  cars  in  High  Street,  Brentford,  on  April 
22nd,  1912,  in  the  direction  of  Hampton  Court. 

The  plaintiff's  case  was  that  he  had  his  hand  on  the  handrail, 
and  as  another  car  passed,  his  hand  was  struck  by  something,  the 
flesh  torn,  and  the  wrist  very  seriously  injured.  The  plaintiff  also 
said  that  the  line  in  the  roadway  was  defective,  and  that  the  cars 
were  oscillating  considerably.  The  defendants  denied  negligence, 
andlsaid  plaintiff  was  guilty  of  contributory  negligence  by  having 
his  hand  extended  over  the  rail  in  disregard  of  a  public  warning  to 
passengers  as  to  the  risk  of  doing  so.  Plaintiff  denied  that  he  had 
his  hand  extended  beyond  the  rail. 

The  jury  awarded  the  plaintiff  4:500  damages;  judgment  was 
entered  accordingly  against  the  defendant  company,  with  costs,  and 
a  stay  of  execution  was  refused. 


PouLSEN  Patent. 


In  the  Chancery  Division,  on  May  8th,  before  Mr.  Justice  War- 
rington, Mr.  Austen  Cartmell  again  mentioned  the  petition  for  the 
extension  of  the  period  of  v  Poulaen  patent.  He  said  the  Solicitor- 
General  was  not  able  to  name  any  day  for  the  hearing  of  the  peti- 
tion, and  he  asked  his  Lordship  to  allow  it  to  be  mentioned  at  the 
beginning  of  next  sittings. 
His  LOEDSHIP  assented. 


Austin  »■.  L.C.C. 


Mr.  Chas.  Austin,  comedian,  in  an  action  tried  by  Mr.  Justice 
Lush  in  the  King's  Bench  Division,  was  on  May  Sth  awarded  £120 
damages  against  the  London  County  Council  in  respect  to  damage 
to  a  motor  oar  which  was  sandwiched  between  two  electric  tram- 
cars  in  Camberwell  New  Road  one  foggy  night  last  October. 


British  Vacuum  Cleaner  Co.,  Ltd.,  >\  James  Rorkrtshaw 
and  Son,  Ltd. 

Mk.  Justice  Saegent,  in  the  Chancery  Division  on  Friday,  May 
9th,  delivered  his  reserved  judgment  in  this  action,  by  which  the 
plaintiffs  sought  to  restrain  an  alleged  infringement  of  their 
patent,  granted  to  Hugh  Cecil  Booth  in  1901. 

The  plaintiffs'  case  was  that  the  defendants  were  advertising  a 
domestic  vacuum  cleaner  that  was  capable  of  being  worked  by 
electric  or  other  motor  power,  which  apparatus  was  an  infringe- 
ment of  their  patent.  The  defendants  pleaded  anticipation  and 
non-infringement. 

His  Lordship  said  that  with  regard  to  anticipation,  two  patents 
by  H-arvey,  one  of  1893  and  one  of  1894,  were  relied  on,  but,  in  his 
opinion,  neither  of  these  covered  the  patent  sued  upon.  They 
were  for  the  removal  of  dust  and  not  for  its  extraction.  With 
regard  to   non-infringement,  Messrs.  Robertshaw  said  they  made 


no  high-|H)wor  machin<;H,  and  hny  machinn  that  did  not  ({>▼<  a 
Ti-lb.  prcHHuro  per  k{,  in.  did  not  come  within  the  ambit  of  thi- 
plaintiffs'  patent.  He  conld  not  hold  that  th«  plaintifT*'  pri'.  -  ' 
waH  HO  liniifcil.  Moreover,  hi:  wao  not  oatiHfWrd  that  th<!  def<-rj'i.ir  ' 
"  ld<'al  "  machine  whi:n  attach<-<l  to  the  doiiiOMtIc  clcctri':  nuiijiiy 
which  would  enable  it  to  lie  movfrl  nrarcr  thft  work  to  ht:  done  would 
not  give  a  .'i-lb.  prrHsure.  lie  iiiunt  hold,  therefore,  that  th« 
plaintiffs  succeeded,  and  there  tnUHt  bo  an  injunction  an  ankod,  with 
an  inijuiry  as  to  damages. 


FOREIGN  AND  COLONIAL  TARIFFS  ON 
ELECTRICAL  GOODS. 

Nkw  Amkkican  Tabikk. 

Tilic  Board  of  Trade  have  now  issued  a  complete  copy  of  the  new 
tariff  Bill,  recently  introduced  by  the  I'nited  States  Government, 
together  with  a  copy  of  the  existing  tariff  which  it  is  proposed  to 
revise,  showing  a  comparison  of  tho  prcHent  and  proposed  duties. 
The  following  are  extracts  of  particular  interest  to  reaflers  of  the 
Electrical  Revikw  ;  the  complete  tariff  may  be  obtained  from 
Messrs.  Wyman  ic.  Sons,  Fetter  Lane,  E.G.,  and  the  cost  is  la. : 


10  cents. 

per  lb.  and 

20%  ad  val. 


20  %  ad  val. 
20  %  ad  val. 


Mica  and  manufactures  of  mica,  or         l'n:viil 

of  which  mica  is  the  component         ilviir<. 

material  of  chief  value 

Mica,  ground 

The  existing  classification  is — 
Mica,  unmanufactured  or  rough,  |  .5  cents,  per  lb. 

trimmed  only.  f  &  20  ",,  ad  val 

Mica,  cut  or  trimmed,  mica  plates  , 

or  built  up  mica,  and  all  manu- 
factures of    mica  or  of   which 

mica  is  the  component  part  of 

chief  value         ...         ...         .../ 

Carbon    unmanufactured,   not    spe- 
cially provided  for        

Porous    carbon    pots     for    electric 

batteries  ... 
Wire  of  iron  or  steel  or  other  metal, 

except  gold  or  silver,   covered 

with     cotton,     silk     or    other 

material,  and  all   flat  wires  and 

steel  in  strips,  not  thicker  than 

No.  I.">  wire  gauge,  and  not  ex- 
ceeding  .')  in.  in  width,  whether 

in  long  or  short  lengths,  in  coils 

or  otherwise,  and  whether  rolled 

or  drawn  through  dies  or  rolls, 

or    otherwise    produced  :    tele- 
graph,    telephone    and    other 

wires  and   cables  composed   of 

metal  and  rubber,  or  of  metal, 

rubber    and     other    materials  ; 

iron  and  steel  wire  coated   by 

dipping,  galvanising  or  similar 

process  with  zinc,  tin  or  other 

metal        ...         ...         ...         ...  j 

Electrodes  for  electric  furnaces,  elec- 
trolytic  and   battery   purposes, 

brushes,   plates   and  discs  ;    all 

the  foregoing,  composed  wholly 

or  in  chief  value  of  carbon     ... 


fIxUieA. 
30  %  ad  val. 
15  %  ad  val. 


1.5  %  ad  val. 
1.5  '  ,  ad  val. 


Partly 
40  "„  ad  val. 

and  partly 
.35  "o  ad  val. 


20  '^o  ad  val. 


30  %  ad  val.       25  %  ad  val. 


1 5  cents  per 
100  ft. 

40  cents  per 
100  ft. 


ad  val.      15  'u  ad  val. 


Carbons  for  electric  lighting,  wholly 

or  partly  finished  : 
Made    entirely    from    petroleum  1    35  cents  per 

coke  ./       100  ft. 

If  composed  chiefly  of  lampblack  "I    65  cents  per 

or  retort  carbon J        100  ft. 

Steam     engines,     locomotives    and 

machine  tools     ...         ...         ...     30 

Articles  or  wares  not  specially  pro- 
vided for  in  the  tariff  under  the 
section  of  "Metal  and  manu- 
factures thereof  "  CN.B.- -This 
heading  applies  to  a  very  large 
number  of  machines  and  metal 
manufactures) : 
If  composed  wholly  or  in  chief 
value  of  iron,  steel,  lead,  copper, 
nickel,  pewter,  zinc,  aluminium 
or  other  metal,  and  whether 
partly  or  wholly  manufactured     4.5  ""o  ad  val.      25  %  ad  val. 

Manufactures    of    india-rubber    or 

gutta-percha       35  %  ad  val.      10  %  ad  val. 

Of  the  proposed  new  regulations  under  the  tariff,  the  following 
is  one  of  the  most  important : — "That  a  discount  of  5  per  cent,  on 
all  duties  imposed  by  this  Act  shall  be  allowed  on  such  goods,  wares 
and  merchandise  as  shall  be  imported  in  vessels  built  in  the  United 
States,  and  which  shall  be  the  property  of  a  citizen  or  citizens 
thereof.' 


836 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [voi.  72.  No.  i.sbi,  mat  le,  191s. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913. 


Compiled  expressly  for  this  Journal  by  Messrs.  W.  P,  THOMrsoH  &  Co.. 
Eleotnoa  Patent  Agents.  286.  High  Holbom,  London,  W.C.  and  at 
LiiTerpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inaniries  should  be  addressed. 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Bpeciflcations  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Meksbs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  385,  High  Holborn,  W.C.  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (In  stamps). 


'•'?j'^    "  Electrioally-operaled  drill  of  the  percussion  type."    T.  F.  Wall. 

9,0(M.    •' Loud  sound  reproducing  telephones."    W.  E.  Jennings.    AprlUStb. 
9.930.     "Electric  waterheatera  and  the  like."      R.  Weaving  and  Pkrbanti, 
Ltd.    April  SSth. 

9,946.     "  PorUble  electric  battery  lamps."     B.  Porder.    April  28th. 
9^59.    '■  Variable  resistances  for  automatic  regulation  of  electric  currents." 
A.  Q.  BLOXAM.    (R.  Boscn  (firm  of),  Germany.)    April  2i*th.    (Complete.) 

9.986.  "  Selective  system  of  telephony,"  R.  C.  M.  Hastings.  April  28th. 
(Complete.) 

9.987.  "  Sparking-plugs  for  intemal-combastion  engines."  8.  White. 
April  ^tb. 

9,996.  "  (Jontrol  of  electromechanical  transmission  gears."  H.  F.  Haworth. 
April  J!jtn. 

9,998.  '■  Electrically  insulated  railway  joints."  W.  W.  Lewis  and  T,  A.  R, 
TiBKiLi..     April  29th. 

A  '"/.'"Ji^.v    "  ^^'e"'"":     incandescent      larapholders."      H.      T.      Wilkinson. 
April  29tO. 

lO.OOfi.  "Means  for  filtering  electroplatins  and  the  like  solutions."  A.  H. 
Railing  and  A.  J.  D.  KaArsE.    April  29th. 

10,018.  "Substitution  resistances  for  electric  lamps."  W.  Heiks.  (Addi- 
A°"iiS.u'%  ^^'.^'  Convention  date.  November  25th,  1912,  Germany.) 
April  29th.    (Complete.) 

j^ '°r°'^"  System    of    electrical    traction."    F.   Stone  and    F.   J.  CHAi-rLE. 

^"'Pl;  "I^"'^'nK  electric  current  formed  by  means  of  thermo-eleotrio  ele- 
ments."   P.  Ferra.     April  29th. 

10,036.     "  Apparatus  for  the  direct  conversion  of  heat  into  eleotrioity."    J, 
Gmjris.    April  29th.    (Complete.) 
10,046.    "  Electrical  flre-alarms."    T.  W.  Gosden.    April  29th. 

Ai?;?^a..,  "^®'"",''*"y"°P^"'**«''   drills."      H.   W.   Darby  and  F.   J.   West. 
April  29th.    (Complete.) 

iJ^'JUi',-  "  "*»"«   [91  electrically  transmitting  and  indicating  orders,  signals, 
information,  or  the  like."    C.J.Evans.    April  29th.    (Addition  to  26,694/12.) 

10.07.';.     "Incandescence  lamps."    J.  R.Qcaih.    April  29th. 
\{}°'T'I''    »"  ^'eC'o  switch   having  make  and  break  contact  immersed  in  a 
ri,™:_    r*^""??^"?  Ele ktricitats  Ges.    (Convention  date.   May  Ist,  1912, 
Germany.)    April  29th.    (Complete.)  .         j       .         . 

(Complete") '^''^°"''  ''°°"°"*""'    ^'  ^-  ^arbt  and  F.  J.  West.    April   a9th. 

•n^^fSi  Jw  '^i'JhJ'os  operating  or  like  tables."    H.  Wabe.    (Dr.  Ing.  Schneider 
and  Naujoks  EiekrizitHts  Ges.,  Germany.)    April  29th. 

10,100.    "  Electric  clocks."    T.  Rcshton.    April  29th.'    (Complete.) 

10,105.     "  Electric  hair  singe."    J.  H.  Watkins.    April  30th. 
April'aOth" '°°*"^*'''*"'    ''ehting     and    appliances    therefor."      J.    Booth. 

10,153.    "  Wireless  telephone."    F.  Majorana.    April^SOth.    (Complete.) 
n*'    "  Telephone  relay.  •    F.  Majoba.sa.    April  30th.    (Complete.) 
AprU  aith"  ^°"^'°  °'  '^'*'^*''''^  annunciation  and  circuit  changer."    E.  E.  Moore. 

10.160.    "Caller  for  wireless  telegraphy."     M.  Coklox.    April  80th. 
i\\^j1^*'    '^P^^-^^^    electric    conductors."      Westkrn    Electric    Co.,   Lti.. 
(\N  estern  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    April  HOth.    (Complete.) 
»-l?:,^i?V    i!'.^'®?'""' ."'  "■eKulating  the  current  in  direct  current  arc  lighting, 
search  lights,  electric  weldine,  ,ind  the  like."      A.  Martin,  H.  Jaokson,  A.  j! 
I.AMPBELL.  T.  B.  Campbell  aod  W.  Campbell.    April  30th.     (Complete.) 
Hv'i'"®';-  'l*^^*"^  '<"■  "'sing  and   supportinR  arc  and  other  lamps  and  the 
■  iKe.       I'- A.  Hii.iiEs  (tr.-iding  as  London  Electric  Firm).     April  30th. 

10.190.  "Electrically  or  mechanically-vibrated  diaphragms  for  sound 
devices."    G.  St.  B.  S.  Watkins.    April  30th. 

10,195.     "  Telegraphy."     P.  Q'Neil.    AprU  SOth. 
r  i?"'"'?;    '!  Telephone  systems."    Automatic  Telephone  MAKUPACTnEiNO  Co., 
LTD.     (Automatic  Electric  Co..  United  States.)    April  SOth.    (Complete.) 
ri"'??;,   ",X°"*^®,''i',°"'°'.  °'  electric  circuits."    British  Thomson-Houston 
Co..  Ltd.    (General  Electric  Co..  United  States.)    April  SOth. 

10,205.    "  Electric  couplings."    J.  A.  Ross.    April  SOth. 
plete^'""    ""*°°''<''"''e  of  electric  carbons."    J.  Roubal.    April  SOth.    (Com- 

10,225.  "Method  of  cleaning  and  coating  inside  and  outside  of  tubes  with 
metals  or  alloys  by  electro-deposition  with  the  aid  of  mechanical  devices."  C. 
jaATTHORPE.     May  1st. 

^^10,!132.     "  Apparatus  for  detecting  weak  electric  currents."    G.  E.  Tubhblxli 

10,252.    "  Substitution  resistances  for  electric  lamps."      W.   Heins     (Add) 

(Ck,mplete4  "'  '^^^-    C°°^'="''°°  ^»'«'  ^I"eh  lltb,  1918,  GermanjT  mIj  Ist! 

r}:°'Vtl "  Telephone  with  poles  arranged  concentrically."  Siemens  Bros,  and 
oo.,  L,TD.    (Siemens  A  Halske  Akt.-Ges.,  Germany.)    May  1st.    (Complete.) 

10.289.  "Electric  radiators  for  heating."  C.  Arpin.  (Convention  datei 
.May  2nd,  1912,  France.)    May  1st.    (Complete.) 

ir^h^;  pi^'f^'^'S   "t  '.»™P»-"       British    Thomson-Houston   Co..    Ltd. 
(General  Electric  Co..  United  States.)    May  Ist. 

10.369.  "Process  (or  fusing  difficultly-fusible  metals."  Siemens  Bros,  and 
Co.,  Ltd.    (Siemens  &  Halske  Akt.-Ges.,  Germany.)    May  2nd.     (Complete.) 

rJl^'^^'Ki'l'TV^':^^'"','"  .e'eetrically  operating  jacquard  machines."    G. 
CoRsi.     May2n(l.    (Complete.) 

10.896.    "Electrical  interrupters  or  vibrators."    F.  Knabi,.    May  2nd. 

10,399.    "  Telephone  transmitters."    A.  Plecheh.     May  2nd.    (Complete.) 
^A"."-*'";    i"  *PP»r»'a,"  'Of  beating    water  and    other    liquids    by  electricity. 
S,d   lQi9"'r''r'''""\''''Si'  'o'  ;  bath  heater."     C.  Abp.n.    (Convention  date.  Ma'^ 
3rd.  1912,  France.)    May  2nd.     ((^mplete.) 

Gabbabd     Au'^Srd"  "°'°''<'°°"ol  apparatus."      A.  H.   RAiLmo    and  C.  C. 

Ta°'*3?d  "(C^m'"reTt^'"°  '°'  P*"''""  eleolrio  light  fittings."  J.  M.  Docohtv. 

filic'tt^;i  Z^n^"''"'^"'^  D   «'«'^'^o  incandescence   light-emitting  bodies  bv 
electrical  means."    E.  M.  Bailey,  W.  Taylor  and  T.  Middleton.     May  3rd.  ' 
10,431.    "  Arrangements  of  apparatus  and  circuits  for  counting  and  register- 
ing telephone  calls."    T.  F.  Pcbves.    May  8rd.  ><=«wtor 

M^y  S^d    "  ^'"°P''°'^«"  '0'  electric  Ught."     F.  A. Basnett  and  J.  N.  Molusti. 

10.460.    •■  Machines  for  reproducing  patterns,  pictures,  or   the  like   with  the 

aid  of  electric  currents."    A.  G.  Bloxam.    (Siemens-Sohuckertwerke  G.m.b.H., 

Germany.)    May  3rd.     (Complete.)  iu.L..i»., 

0.'L!1?iA^^*Ma  '°g',^°""^*"'°K  ""«  efficiency  of  elaotrio  Incandescent  lamps." 

Ml°y""rd.  "  '"*'""''  '"Itohet."    J.  Bioin  ft  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  A.  H.  Damee. 

da\°e^M■av'6th'^''qfQ''N.^l!!;^"M''^t'°/°'V."      '^-   ^-  Ho'^^P-    (Conventfon 
aate.  May  6tn.  1912,  Norway.)    May  3rd.    (Complete.) 


1912. 

EtEOTRir  Storage  Sybtems.  C.  F.  Kettering.  3,791.  February  16th.  (May 
22nd,  1911.) 

Transformation  or  Direct  Oi-rrestk.  Akt.  Ges.  Brown,  Boveri  4  Cie.  6.660. 
March  16th.    (March  17tb,  1911.) 

Combined  Intercommunicatiok  and  Party  Like  Telephone  Systems  and  the 
Like.  Sterling  Telephone  and  Electric  Co.  (Telephon  Fahrik  AkI.-Ges. 
vorm  J.  Berliner.)    6,680.    March  16th. 

Electric  Arc  Fdhnaces.     E,  C.  R.  Marks.    (Patent  Purchasing  Co.)    8,791. 

April  13th. 
Telephony.    S.  G.  Brown.    9,179.    April  18th. 

Electric  Cables.  Western  Electric  Co.  (Western  Electric  Co.)  9,809. 
April  19th. 

Stnciibonous  Dynamo-elbctbic  Machines.    R.  Rosenberg.    9.644.    April  SSrd. 
Direction  "Tell-tale"  or  Indicating  Apparatus.    J.  C.  Clarke  and  Chad- 
burns  (Ship)  Telegraph  Co.    9,673.    April  24th. 

Automatic  Wireless  Alarm.    8.  D.  Williams.    9,882.    April  26th. 

Phase  Compensation  of  Dyxauo-electric  Inouction  Machinery.     Akt.-Ocs. 

Brown,  Boveri  <&  Cie.    10,118.    April  29th.    (April  29th.  1911.) 
Electric  Flahe  Arc  Lamps.    F.  W'.  E.  Schuer.    10.496.    May  8rd. 
Supporting    of    Insulators    fob  Electric  Conductoes.      E.    C.    R.    Marks. 

(Reinert.)    10.805.    May  7th. 
Carrying  of    Metal-sheathsd   Electric  Cables   through   Bulkbxad   and 

Similar  Partitions.    Metal  Jointing  Co.,   Ltd.,  and  T.   Harden.    10,989. 

May  8th. 
Manufacture  of  Metallic  Filaments  for  Incandescent  Electbic  Lamps. 

J.  A.  Sooular  and  Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.    11,455.     May  14th. 

Lugs  of  Accumulators.    J.  C.  Wood.    12.713.    May  SOth. 

Electric  Switches  foe  Multiple-unit  Control  Systems.  P.  8.  Turner. 
13,740.    June  12th. 

Receivers  for  Printinq-telkobaph  Systems.    O.  S.  Hiltz.    14,831,    June  SSth. 

Electric  Brakes  for  Tramway  and  like  Vehicles.    P.  8.  Turner.    16,028. 

June  27th. 
Telegraphic  Apparatus.    H.  Enndsen.    15,591.    July  8rd. 

Electric  Switches.    British  Thomson-Houston  Co.  and  J.  M.  Wallace.    15,776. 

July  5th. 
Keyboard-Controlled  Electric  Illuminated  Signs  for  Advertising  and  the 

Like.    J.W.Cook.    16,765.    July  18th. 

Method  for  the  Production  of  Filajient  Holders  for  Mstal-fila.ment 
Elecieio  Incandescent  Lamps.    M.  Baum.    16,865.    July  19th. 

Magnetic  Speedometers.    J.  K.  Stewart.     17,492.    August  2nd. 

Electrometers  and  Appliances  for  Indicating  and  Measuring  Variations  in 
Electric  Potential,  especially  in  Earth  Potential,  and  a  Method  of 
Applying  the  Same  for  Meteorological  Purposes.  A,  H.  Maurice. 
18,065.     August  6th. 

MOTOR-AOTIATED     EXTENSIBLE     LADDERS    FOR     FiRE     EsCAPEg     AND     THE     LiKE. 

"  Cedes  '  Electric  Traction,  Ltd.,  and  E.  Clifford.    20,244.    September  6th. 

Electromagneticallv-opeeated  Switches  particularly  Adapted  for  Con- 
trolling Electric  Motors.     E.  Schattner.    20,347.    September  6th. 

Electrical  Protective  Apparatus.     S.  de  Stefani.    22,129.    September  28th. 

Oscii.LATrNO  Spring  Contact  for  Operating  Electric  Bells  and  such  like 
Apparatus.    F.  Burr.  lun.    22,311.    October  1st. 

Time  Lag  Devices  for  Electric  Switches  and  other  Apparatus.  M.  J 
Hailing,  J.  Strachan  and  H.  J.  Coates.    22,509.    October  8rd. 

Electrical    Ego    Tester.      H.   B.   Garnham   and  A.   E.   Oamham.     22,603. 

October  4th. 
Electric  Discharge  Apparatus.    Q.  Majorana.    23,024.    October  9th. 

Parallel  Working  of  Synchronous  Macuines.    E.  C.  R.  Marks.    (Akt.-Ges. 

Brown,  Boveri  &  Cie.)    24,097.    October  22nd. 
Means  for  Setting  the  Timing  Gear  of  Electrical  Ignition  Systems.    J.  E. 

Sturgeon.    26,443.    November  18th. 
CiBcuiT    Arrangements    for   the    Reception    ok    Signals    Transmitted    by 

Means  of  Electeomaonetio  Waves.    O.   Imray.      (Compagnie  Generate 

Radiotelegraphique.)    28,070.    December  5th. 

Electbio  Current  Transformers.    E.  C.  Wescott.    28,967.    December  16th. 


1913. 

Hot-wiee  Elf.ctrical  Measuring  Insteu.ments.  Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
(Siemens  &  Halske  Akt.-Ges.)    943.    January  13th. 

Electric  VtiLCANisERS  FOR  Tires.     B.  Kisshazy.    1,579.    January  20th. 

Antiseptic  Guards  for  Telephone  Mouthpieces.  C.  V.  Fuller.  4,704. 
February  24th.     (February  28th,  1912.) 

Telephone  Systems.  Sterling  Telephone  and  Electric  Ck).,  Ltd.  (Telephon 
Fabrik  Akt.-Ges.  vorm  J.  Berliner.)  7,593.  March  Hist.  (Divided  applica- 
tion on  No.  6,680  of  1912,  March  t6tb.) 


Tramway  Accidents. — In  the  Parliamentary  Papers. 
Mr.  Watt  asked  the  Secretary  for  Stxitlancj  whether,  before  ineti- 
tntingr  any  Commission  to  consitJer  mfians  of  reducing  the  number 
of  accidents  in  the  largre  cities  of  Scotland,  he  proposed  to  wait  for 
requests  for  such  Commission  from  the  Town  Councils  of  such 
cities  ;  whether  he  was  aware  that  the  tramcars  of  such  Corpora- 
tions were  permitted  to  run  up  to  16  miles  per  hour,  as  e.p.  in 
Glasgow  ;  that  this  regulation  precluded  the  Corporations  from 
insisting  on  the  10-mile  limit  of  motor-cars  ;  and  that  these  facts 
caused  unnecessary  risk  to  the  public  ;  and  whether  he  would 
introduce  legislation  limiting  the  speeds  of  vehicles  in  towns  in 
Scotland  ^  Mr.  McKinnon  Wood  replied  that  he  was  not  satisfied 
as  to  the  need  of  special  inquiries  into  the  matters  to  which  he 
referred,  though  he  was,  of  course,  prepared  to  consider  requests 
from  Town  Councils  or  other  quarters.  He  must  not,  however,  be 
taken  as  assenting  to  the  implications  conveyed  in  the  question. 


T«[E 


bxjEcti^ioj^Xj  :Ei,-Bi'vx:Hrw . 


Vol.  LXXII. 


MAY  2!},  1918. 


No.  1,852. 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


STANDARDISATION     RULES. 


Vol.  LXXII.] 


CONTENTS  :  May  28,  1918. 


[No.  1,863. 
I'ago 


Standardisation  Rules        ...         ...         ...         

China  

60,000  EmplojcB  ;  Profit  on  Sales,  £1,630,000  per  Annum      ... 

Reviews         

Correspondence : — 

The  Mutual  Protection  of  Enffineers  

The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  Lifts      

Electric  Lightinff  Fittings     

Water  Divination         

Legal 

Business  Notes        

Notes 

City  Notes 

Stocks  and  Shares 

Market  Quotations ...         

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         

Exports  and  Imports  of  Electrical  Goods  during  April,  1913 
Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

A  New  Form  of  Electrically-driven  Two-high  Continuous- 
Running  Reversing  Mill  (illvs.') 

Power  Supply  on  the  Rand  (Discussion)     

Standardisation  Rules  for  Electrical  Machinery  

University  of  f long  Kong  ... 

The  Electrical  Industry  in  France  (illvs.')  (contimied)... 

Electrical  Fittings  and  the  Law 

Consular  Notes        ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     


S37 
838 
839 
840 

842 
842 
843 
843 
843 
844 
852 
855 
864 
864 
86.5 
867 


868 
868 
870 
871 
872 
874 
875 
876 
876 


Contractors'  Column        Advertisement  pages  xxiv,  xxvi  and  xxviii 


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THE 


UNIVERSAL 

(J. 


ELECTRICAL 


DIRECTORY 


1913  EDITION. 

H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4,  Ludgate  Hill.  London.  E.C. 


TiiKiiK  is  a  community  of  interests  of  manufactnrerB  and 
users  in  the  electrical  induhtry,  as  in  all  other  infJustrif.H, 
and  any  staiidiirdisation  rules  for  electrical  machinery  can, 
therefore,  scarcely  be  considered  as  entirely  satisfactory 
unless  they  are  the  result  of  what  has  been  so  well  termed 
sympathetic  co-operation  between  the  purclisLser  and  the  pro- 
ducer. Such  bein*^  the  case,  the  rules  provisionally  adopted 
by  the  British  Electrical  and  Allied  .Manufacturers' 
Association,  published  in  this  issue,  and  which  represent 
much  strenuous  labour  on  the  part  of  the  Committee  of  the 
Association  appointed  for  that  purpose,  can  only  be  regarded ' 
as  an  expression  of  the  reasoned  views  of  the  manufacturers 
on  this  subject  of  deep  interest  to  us  all.  Doubtless  the 
rules  will  be  most  useful  in  preparing  tenders,  and  they 
should,  moreover,  prove  of  material  assistance  to  the  Engi- 
neering Standards  Committee  in  the  revision  of  their  lieport 
No.  ,3(),  Standards  for  Electrical  Machinery,  now  out  of  date. 
As  the  B.E.A.M.A.  is  officially  represented  on  the  Standards 
Committee,  it  is  just  a  question  as  to  whether  the  possibility 
of  confusion  which  may  arise  from  the  issue  of  the  rules, 
at  the  present  juncture,  might  not  have  been  entirely  obviat^ 
if  a  few  words  by  way  of  explanation  bad  been  added  to  the 
somewhat  enigmatical  preface.  The  economic  advantages  of 
standardisation  have  become  increasingly  recognised  of  late 
years,  more  especially  in  this  country,  but  it  would  be  a  little 
unfortunate  if  every  Association  were  to  issue  a  set  of  rules 
on  its  own  account. 

At  the  same  time,  competition  both  at  home  and  from 
abroad,  makes  it  most  desirable  not  only  that  the  cost  of 
production  should  be  reduced,  but  that  a  uniform  and  satis- 
factory basis  of  rating  electrical  machinery  should  once  and 
for  all  be  established,  with  no  more  delay  than  is  necessary 
for  all  parties  concerned  to  be  duly  consulted. 

The  I.  E.C.  has  recently  brought  together  many  eminent 
electrical  engineers  of  various  countries,  our  own  included, 
who  are  discussing  this  very  subject,  and  if  they  succeed  in 
arriving  at  a  satisfactory  solution,  as  we  sincerely  hope  they 
will,  much  simplification  in  commercial  transactions  will 
result,  with  consequent  benefit  to  both  home  and  foreign 
trade.  Our  esteemed  contemporary,  the  Xew  York  Electrical 
World,  in  its  issue  of  May  10th,  calls  attention  to  the  revised 
rules  of  the  Verband  Deutscher  Elektrotechniker,  remarking 
that  the  German  rules  give  evidence  of  considerable  progress 
ovfr  the  superseded  rules,  and  of  the  increasing  possibility  of 
being  able  to  look  forward  to  the  time  when  one  set  of 
standardisation  rules  for  electrical  machinery  will  be  recog- 
nised universally.  There  appears,  in  fact,  to  be  a  very 
general  desire  on  the  part  of  the  Standardising  Committees 
of  the  different  countries  to  do  their  best  to  bring  their 
national  rules  into  line,  as  far  as  possible,  with  the  sugges- 
tions put  forward  by  the  I.E.C.  The  present  views  of  the 
British  manufacturers,  however,  as  expressed  in  these  pro- 
visional rules,  appear  to  differ  considerably  from  the  inter- 

[837]  I> 


838 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,852,  May  23,  1913, 


national  proposals  in  such  fuadamental  points  as  the  limits 
of  terapsrature  permitted  and  the  method  of  measuring 
them.  This  question  of  permissible  temperature  is  so  inti- 
mately connected  with  that  of  the  method  of  rating,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  influence  of  the  time  element  in  regard  to  the 
capabilities  of  a  machine,  and  the  method  suggested  by  the 
makers  for  dealing  with  this  subject  is  so  complicated,  that 
considerable  enlightenment  and  simplification  will  be  neces- 
sary if  the  recommendations  are  to  find  acceptance  with 
consulting  engineers  and  users  generally. 

The  unsatisfactory  and  incomplete  character  of  the 
report  on  British  Standards  for  Electrical  Machinery  has 
been  drawn  attention  to  on  more  than  one  occasion,  but  it 
should  be  remembered  that  the  B.E.A.M.A.  was  not  in 
existence  when  the  subject  of  the  report  was  under  considera- 
tion. Now,  however,  the  problem  is,  happily,  much 
simplified,  and  although  many  divergent  interests  may  still 
exist  and  necessitate  a  certain  amount  of  compromise  in 
order  to  be  reconciled,  we  are  sure  that,  with  the  present 
rules  of  the  Association  as  a  basis,  the  issue  may  safely 
be  left  in  the  hands  of  the  Engineering  Standards  Com- 
mittee to  be  dealt  with  in  a  thoroughly  impartial  and  satis- 
factory manner. 


CHINA. 

The  smashing  of  idols  in  ancient  temples,  the  lopping  off  of 
pigtails — a  ilanchu  heritage,  and  therefore  to  be  banned — 
and  the  encouragement  of  a  wiry  crop  in  place  thereof,  an 
appeal  to  the  nations  of  Christendom  for  prayer,  and 
tHe  conclusion  of  negotiations  for  a  25  million  loan ! 
Here  we  have  indications  of  the  astounding  changes  that 
are  taking  place  in  parts  of  the  great  Chinese  Empire. 
They  almost  take  our  breath  away  with  their  suddenness. 
The  new  sentiment  may  not  be  unanimous,  and  there  may 
be  many  troublesome  days  in  store — has  notr  Sun  Yat  Sen 
very  grave  suspicions  as  to  the  purposes  upon  which  Yuan 
Shih-k'ai  and  his  satellites  intend  to  spend  those  Christian 
millions  when  they  get  them  ? — yet  they  are  the  outward 
expression  of  a  very  deep-rooted  and  wide-spread  desire  to 
throw  ofiF  the  yoke  and  get  into  line  with  other  nations. 
The  educated  minds  of  China  have  not  lived  in 
the  States  and  among  Western  nations,  nor  observed 
the  progress  of  Japan,  without  learning  how  far  behind  they 
are,  considered  from  the  point  of  view  of  civilisation.  How 
well  the  lesson  has  been  learned  is  observed  in  the 
thoroughness  with  which  it  has  been  disseminated  far  and 
wide  promoting  the  desire  to  move  forward.  We  have 
mentioned  the  throwing  off  of  the  yoke,  but  the  bit 
and  bridle  of  reactionary  forces  and  of  internal  jealousies, 
rivalries  and  strife  will  prevent  the  leap  forward  being 
too  hasty.  Japan  may  to-day  be  engaged  in  thorny  con- 
troversy with  the  States  respecting  the  ownership  of 
Californian  land  by  Japs,  but  China,  at  any  rate,  is  riot 
quite  yet  in  a  position  to  frighten  Europe  with  its  Yellow 
Peril  fear.  For  the  present,  yes,  and  for  a  long  time  to 
come  it  will  be  the  case,  China  will  need  our  help.  We 
are  going  to  send  it  in  part  in  the  form  of  millions  of 
money,  but  we  have  got  to  do  it  in  other  ways  too.  We 
heard  of  an  enterprising  little  American,  who,  on  finding 
his  way  into  one  of  the  old  musty  temples  last  year  or  the 
year  before,  pulled  himself  up  to  his  full  height,  waved  his 
hand  round  toward  the  .000  idols  and  remarked  to  an  English 
missionary    present  : — "  We're    going    to    clear    out     the 


whole  bally  lot  of  'em  I  "  Well,  there  is  nothing  like 
being  ambitious  when  there  is  opportunity,  and  while  we, 
of  course,  wish  well  to  any  such  movement,  we  are  here 
more  immediately  concerned  with  the  necessity  for  the 
British  manufacturer  saying  with  an  equally  determined, 
but,  perhaps,  more  diplomatic  air  :  "  ir^  are  hoping  to  bring 
our  things  into  China,  so  that  the  people  of  this  vast  Empire 
may,  with  the  aid  of  British  manufactures,  take  fuller  ad- 
vantage of  the  enormous  resources  that  await  development." 
We  do  not  doubt  that  the  money  now  asked  for  will  be  found, 
and  we  should  like  an  assurance  that  a  fair  proportion  of  it  will 
be  spent  with  us  again  ;  but  that  is  not  the  British  method, 
and  so  we  have  got  to  scramble  with  the  other  manufacturing 
and  exporting  nations  of  the  world,  initiative,  enterprise, 
quality,  and  so  forth  all  entering  into  the  game.  We  are 
not  going  to  win  our  way  in  China  all  at  once,  nor  are 
any  of  our  competitors.  They  have  a  great  reverence 
for  the  past  in  that  country,  and  their  estimation  of  the 
value  of  time  is  altogether  diiferent  from  ours,  so  that  it 
will  be  long  before  they  adopt  our  old  saw  about  "  Pro- 
crastination," or  the  slogan,  "  Do  it  now  !  "  They  are  not 
going  to  be  driven  by  anybody,  and  this,  to  our  mind,  is 
one  of  the  redeeming  features  of  the  situation  considered 
from  the  British  trade  standpoint. 

But  it  would  be  a  suicidal  policy  for  the  British  trader 
to  fall  into  line  with  the  Chinese  and  say,  "  any  time  will 
do."  If  they  are  not  in  a  hurry,  and  have  no  respect  for 
undue  haste,  the  truth  remains  that  the  awakening  that 
has  been  proceeding,  has  created  a  need,  which  is  fully 
recognised  by  the  many  thousands  of  modernised  minds,  for 
facilities  characteristic  of  civilised  countries,  and  those  who 
are  at  hand,  ready  and  willing  to  supply  that  need,  will 
stand  to  gain.  -m 

They  must  have  railways,  and  they  talk  of  the  construe-  1 
tion  of  60,000  miles  in  a  record  time,  seemingly  belying  in 
this  their  reputation  for  slowness,  and,  if  their  dreams  or 
anything  like  them  are  carried  into  effect,  "  foreigners," 
be  they  British,  American,  or  German,  will  air  be  required 
to  co-operate,  and  industrial  nations  may  look  for  busy 
times,  for  only  a  small  proportion  of  the  equipment  can, 
so  far,  be  provided  from  within.  This  slowness  characteristic, 
after  all,  has  to  be  considered  in  a  comparative  sense. 
Where  population  is  counted  by  hundreds  of  millions,  and  a 
few  millions  more  or  less  killed  in  the  course  of  a  revolution 
are  of  little  account,  and  Chinese  life  is  so  prodigal  that 
little  store  is  set  by  it,  what  would  it  trouble  the  Empire,  if 
it  had  the  money,  to  put  a  million  or  so  labourers  to  work 
on  railway  construction  ?  The  individual  rate  of  working 
may  not  compare  with  ours,  but  in  the  bulk  the  pace  would 
be  rapid.  When  they  have  determined  that  the  correct  time 
and  opportunity  have  arrived  for  mo\'ing,  there  will  be  no 
mistaking  the  movement.  What  will  follow  railways  is  a 
big  subject,  and  we  have  ventured  to  indicate  it  in  the 
merest  outline  in  these  pages  on  several  occasions.  What 
is  a  railway  for  but  to  promote  movement  of  people  and  of 
goods  r  Give  China  ready  money  enough  to  keep  the  peace 
and  to  construct  railways  and  telegraphs,  and  she  will 
herself  go  a  long  way  toward  the  development  of  her 
resources  ;  the  cultivation  of  all  sorts  of  trade  and  traffic 
will  lead  to  the  release  of  wealth,  and  the  progress  of 
civilisation  will  encourage  her  people  to  take  enlightened 
views  as  to  industry  and  industrial  occupations,  and  forces 
now  dormant  will  reach  unparalleled  proportions.  But  in 
and  through  all  of  this,  it  is  imperatively  necessary  that  British 
prestige  be  kept  well  to  the  fore,  that  respect  for  British 
firms  and  British  manufactures  be  strengthened,  that  the 
leading  men,  both  in  and  out  of  Government  circles,  be 
inspired  with  the  fullest  confidence  in  us,  that  the  creation 
of  German  and  American  sympathies  be  not  permitted  with- 
out some  counter-influence  being  strongly  at  work  from 
British  authorities,  (governmental,  financial  and  trading. 

When  competitors  rub  shoulders  in  entering  the  "  Open 
Door  "  to  a  ripening  harvest  field,  a  modern  equipment  and 
a  diplomatic  but  determined  carriage  and  gait  will  do  more 
for  British  industry  than  a  Ruth-like  gleaning  after  the 
labourers  of  Boaz  have  gathered  in  the  bulk  of  the  crops. 

AVe  have  frequently  referred  to  what  has  been  done  at 
Hong  Kong  University  in  the  hope  of  building  up  British 
engineering  reputation  at  that  important  centre  of  Chinese 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,852,  Mat  2.S,  1913.]  '^lE      KLECTRICAL      KKVll'iVV. 


^:}y 


educational  influence  and  of  diHtribiition,  and  wo  mention 
tlie  mutter  a^'uin  on  another  piigc  to-day — we  Iiojk;  the 
latest  ap[)eal  may  not  pasH  unheeded  l)y  our  electrical 
nianufacturcra.  We  have  also  referred  to  the  promotion 
of  the  Hritinh  ICngineers'  Association  and  its  activities, 
and  we  wish  this  organisation  every  success.  IJut  it 
can  only  rise  to  the  occasion  with  fullest  tfliciency 
if  the  present  propaganda  work  among  firms  in 
the  provinces  lead  to  a  large  increase  in  its  membership. 
It  asks  for  the  co-operation  of  the  entire  Kriiish  engineering 
industry,  which  will  mean  that  it  will  have  u  commensurate 
linanciiU  backing,  without  which  it  cannot  efficiently  cope 
with  so  vast  and  difficult  a  ficl<l  any  more  than  the  Chinese 
can  pay  debts,  keep  the  peace,  or  build  railways  without  loans. 
Meetings  have  lately  been  held  at  Sheffield  and  at  Man- 
chester, at  which  the  objects  of  the  Association  have  been 
well  stated,  and  a  number  of  additional  firms  have  joined. 
We  propose  to  revert  to  the  arguments  used  in  a  later  issue. 
Meantime,  we  can  only  imagine  that  it  is  because  our  people 
have  not  yet  fully  grasped  that  in  China  there  is  what  may 
prove  to  be  "  the  biggest  market  the  world  has  ever  known  " 
— to  use  the  words  of  Captain  FitzHugb,  the  Ai-sociation's 
Commissioner  in  China — that  they  have  not  more  readily 
accepted  the  invitations  to  co-operate  with  an  organisation 
which  aims  in  various  ways  at  strengthening  the  British 
trade  position  there. 


DuEixG  the  past  few  months  we  have 
60,000  had  through  our  hands  the  annual   reports 

Employes;       ^f   many   of   our   electric    manufacturing 
Profit  on  Sales,  .  j  .i        v,   u  j  .i 

£1  030  000       companies,  and  though  here  and  there  we 

per  annum,  have,  with  disappointment,  read  of  un- 
satisfactory results,  these  have  been  ex- 
ceptional, and  due  to  labour  troubles.  In  the  majority  of 
cases  there  was  plenty  of  work  to  do,  and  better  profits 
were  earned,  while  the  outlook  suggests  a  continuation 
of  satisfactory  manufacturing  activity  for,  at  any  rate, 
some  time  to  come.  But  in  all  these  doings  we  are 
only  able  to  think  in  tens  or  hundreds  of  thousands,  and 
the  reader  may  be  pardoned  if  he  feels  that  he  has  been 
entertained  with  comparatively  small  affairs  when  he 
contemplates  the  gigantic  proportions  of  the  business 
conducted  by  some  of  the  Continental  and  American 
industrial  electrical  trust  organisations  whose  operations  and 
results  we  record  from  time  to  time.  The  position  in  this 
country  is  very  different  from  that  obtaining  in  the  United 
States,  with  its  vast  territory  and  larger  population,  and  all 
that  those  two  things  mean,  and  with  its  fiscal  policy — 
now  undergoing  a  change — that  we  do  not,  of  coarse,  refer 
to  the  results  secured  by  a  Brobdignagian  American 
concern  as  in  any  way  indicating  what  ought  to  have 
occurred  in  the  British  Isles  with  their  naturally  more 
limited  home  demand.  We  give  the  information  that 
follows  rather  as  a  matter  of  interest  showing  the  success  of 
our  American  cousins  in  their  own  sphere,  while  it  may 
also  be  suggestive  of  what  mai/  happen  in  the  course  of 
years  in  Canada — whence  our  own  and  other  people  are 
flocking  in  their  hundreds  of  thousands.  The  General 
Electric  Co.,  of  Schenectady,  and  other  centres  in  the 
United  States  has,  of  course,  a  hold  on  many  interests, 
and  it  has  grown  remarkably,  in  spite  of  its  early  tribula- 
tions, as  anybody  who  has  watched  its  progress  for  20  years 
and  more,  as  we  have  done,  will  have  noticed.  It 
has,  apparently,  quite  outgrown  its  difficulties,  and  being 
very  strong  financially,  as  well  as  very  active  in  certain 
foreign  markets,  nothing  seems  now  to  be  able  to  hinder 
its  progressive  course. 

Twenty  years  ago,  the  company's  plants  stood  at  well 
under  £800,000  value  in  the  books.  During  the  inter- 
vening period,  £11,600,000  has  been  expended  for  such 
purposes,  and  £7,470,000  has  been  written  off,  leaving  the 
book  value  of  the  plants  at  December  last  at  £4,911,000. 

The  past  year's  outlay  on  patents  and  patent  matters  was 
£108,000,  and   this   has   been   charged  to  profit  and  loss. 


leaving  the   patent  account  standing  at  one  wjjitary  dollar. 
What  a  deep  sigh  r(;uch('H  UH  from  much  nearer  home  I 

Themimber  ofemplojcs  in  factories,  oHi(x;H,  and  HufjhidiHry 
companies  is  now  in  cxixhh  of  (10,000,  and  excluding  three 
departments  dealing  in  lamps,  there  were  10<;,8'.)5  orders 
handled  in  the  year  I 'J  12. 

I'resumably,  the  iiolderfl  of  stock  to-day  arc  reaping  the 
benefit  of  the  company's  financial  measur'H  in  early  yc-arp, 
for  liLst  ()ct(jbcr  there  was  a  sttxik  dividend  of  :{0  \x:r  w;nt. 
paid  out  of  Hur[)lus,  "  for  the  purjxjse  of  recouping  the  stock- 
holders in  part  for  dividends  passed  or  reduced  during  the 
years  1  «'.);>  to  1902."  This  distribution  was  in  a<ldition  to 
the  8  per  cent,  dividend  for  the  year.  The  total  stock 
issued  now  stands  at  just  over  £20,000,000. 

The  figures  relating  to  the  year's  operations  are  remarkable, 
but  it  may  be  mentioned  that  the  businessfis  of  the  Fort 
Wayne  Electric  Works,  the  Kprague  Electric  Co.,  and  the 
National  Electric  Lamp  Co.  are  now  merged  into  the  G.E. 
Co.,  and  their  transactions  appear  in  the  report  for  the  first 
time.  These  circumstances  also  account  for  the  increase  in 
the  factory  floor  area  from  Hi,  to  12  million  sfjuare  feet  in 
two  years.  The  value  of  orders  received  during  1012  was 
£20,600,000,  and  the  "  amount  of  sales  frilled "  was 
£14,000,000.  Profit  on  sales  was  £1,(5 30,000,  with 
£1,000,000  income  from  other  sources.  After  the  reduction 
of  interest,  &c.,  and  dividends  paid,  there  was  available  to 
carry  to  the  surplus  account  for  the  year  a  very  respectable 
sum,  i.e.,  £1,280,000.  As  the  surplus  previously  stood  at 
close  upon  £(),000,000,  this  item,  after  paying  the  special 
stx)ck  dividend,  which  absorbed  between  £4,000,000  and 
£5,000,000,  still  figures  at  £2,400,000. 

Notwithstanding  the  above  magnificent  showing.  Presi- 
dent Coffin  remarks  that  competition  has  continued  to 
increase  in  severity  during  the  year,  "  with  the  result  that 
the  percentage  of  profit  reaUsed  from  the  sales  of  apparatus 
has  materially  diminished." 

One  passingly  wonders  who  are  the  courageous  competitors 
who  can  compel  so  big  a  concern  to  lower  its  prices.  Clearly, 
in  the  States  as  in  Germany,  the  building  up  of  huge  con- 
cerns does  not  stifle  the  undercutter  nor  do  away  with  smaller 
enterprises  when  there  is  a  large  field.  Still,  we  would  not 
grumble  at  competition  if  we  could  make  8  per  cent,  per 
annum  and  a  supplementary  stock  bonus  of  30  per  cent. 

This  excursion  among  American  millions  is  useful  by  way 
of  a  change,  and  we  must  console  ourselves  with  the  less 
imposing  figures  characteristic  of  our  large  number  of 
smaller,  though  not  necessarily,  on  that  ground,  less  satis- 
factory, manufacturing  concerns. 

We  ibelieve  that  there  may  be  a  better  chance  for  British 
electrical  manufactures  even  in  the  States  before  long.  Some 
say  that  the  chance  now  is  better  than  we  know.  It  would 
'  be  interesting  to  see  some  States'  selling  prices  placed 
in  parallel  columns  against  those  of  as  nearly  as  possible 
similar  British  articles. 

It  may  not  have  pleased  some  people  to  see  the  order  for 
the  Victorian  railway  electrification  train  equipments  go  out 
of  this  country  ;  but  then  we  may  set  off  against  this  the 
ordering  here  of  big  turbo-generator  sets  for  service  in  the 
States.     "  Exchange  is  no  robbery." 

The  General  Electric  Co.,  of  America,  not  only  manu- 
factures on  a  colossal  scale,  but  it  has  stocks  and  bonds  in 
other  undertakings  to  the  tune  of  close  upon  £.j,000,000, 
and  it  is  not  difficult  to  see  that  these  undertakings,  in 
addition  to  yielding  a  fine  return  by  way  of  dividends,  also 
bring  much  business  to  the  Schenectady  and  other  factories. 
The  same  sort  of  thing  has  also  been  observed  in  Germany, 
but  who  will  use  the  wcrd  success  in  regard  to  our  largest 
efforts  of  a  somewhat  similar  kind  in  the  United  Kingdom  ? 
Perhaps,  however,  we  may  take  courage  from  the  memory 
that  even  Schenectady  had  its  nine  lean  years  (189o  to  1902') 
and  hope  to  think  our  profit  in  millions  in  future  years.  A 
point  that  must  not  escape  us,  however,  is  that  those  "  lean  " 
years  in  the  States  were  our  "  fat  "  years,  for  we  were  thi  n 
busy  with  new  tramways  and  electricity  works.  On  the  other 
hand,  our  electrical  industry  lo  or  20  years  ago  really  ^'v^.v. 
in  a  comparative  sense,  in  its  infancy.  To-day  we  are  told 
that  it  has  a  capital  of  500  millions  invested  in  it.  and 
remembering  that  fact  we  are  humiliated  to  have  to  continue 
to  ask  for  £100  six  times  over  ifor  the  Electrical  Trades 
Benevolent  Fund. 


840 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [voi.  72.  no.  1,8.52,  may  ^2■^,  1913. 


REVIEWS. 


The  Laic  of  Elertrir  Lighting,  Power  and  Traction.  By 
the  late  John  Shirkss  Will,  K.C.  Fourth  Edition  by 
W.  E.  Tyldkslkv-Jonks,  Barrister-at-Law.  London  : 
Batter  worth  &•  Co.     Price  27s.  Od. 

To  adapt  an  old  simile  to  modern  requirements,  a  large 
number  of  kilowatts  have  passed  through  the  cables  since 
the  third  edition  of  the  late  Judge  AVills's  book  made  its 
appearance.  It  may  be  said  of  the  fourth  edition,  for  which 
^Ir.  Tyldesley-.Jones  is  responsible,  that  under  his  capable 
editorship  the  book  has  grown  in  wistlom.  If  it  hixs  grown 
as  much  in  wisdom  as  it  has  grown  in  weight,  it  will  be  of 
enormously  added  value  to. the  profession. 

That  the  law  relating  to  electricity  is  fully  deserving  the 
serious  attention  of  commentators  will  be  appreciated  \vhen 
one  remembers  the  advances  recently  made  in  the  application 
of  electricity  to  the  varied  needs  of  a  prosperous  nation. 
During  the  period  which  has  elapsed  since  the  last  edition 
of  this  work  these  developments  have  been  very  remarkable. 
As  Mr.  .Jones  points  out  in  thj  preface,  the  capital  involved 
in  electric  supply  and  electric  traction  undertakings  has  now 
assumed  enormous  proportions.  Local  authorities  in  London 
and  the  provinces  have  been  authorised  to  raise  loans 
amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  £45,704,050  for  the  purpose 
of  such  undertakings,  and  to  borrow  £45,903,038  for 
electric  traction,  whilst  the  total  capital  of  electric  supply 
companies  exceeds  £52,532,000,  and  of  electric  traction 
companies  £165,540,000. 

During  the  same  period  of  10  years  important  develop- 
ments have  taken  place  in  the  law  regulating  the  supply 
and  use  of  electricity.  The  Electric  Lighting  Act,  I'JOl), 
has  been  passed,  giving  effect  to  many  of  the  recommenda- 
tions made  by  the  .Joint  Committee  presided  over  by  Viscount 
Cross  in  18'.),S,  and  enacting,  with  regard  to  all  electric 
supply  undertakings,  provisions  which  had  previously  been 
frequently  inserted  in  the  special  Acts  of  particular  under- 
takers. 

It  is  to  Mr.  Jones's  treatment  of  this  new  measure  that 
one  naturally  turns  in  order  to  estimate  his  work  at  its  true 
value,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  his  comments  must  in  the 
nature  of  things  be  wholly  independent  of  the  views  of  any 
of  the  former  editors  of  the  work. 

We  may  say  at  once  that  the  notes  to  the  various  sections 
of  this  Act  are  admirably  clear  and  concise,  and  are  well 
calculated  to  aid  the  non-legal  reader  to  understand  its  pro- 
visions with  considerable  ease. 

The  contents  of  the  work  may  be  thus  briefly 
described.  An  introduction  deals  in  a  descriptive  form  with  ' 
the  Electric  Lighting  Acts  as  a  whole  ;  licences  ;  provisional 
orders ;  electric  supply  undertakings  in  the  County  of 
London  ;  Power  Acts,  and  Factory  Acts.  The  body  of  the 
work  contains  the  statutes  in  force  relating  to  electricity, 
with  numerous  notes  and  comments;  a  suitable  form  of 
provisional  order,  power  Bill,  &c.,  and  rules  and  regulations, 
forms  of  account,  Ac. 

A  most  useful  feature  of  the  work  is  to  be  found  at 
pp.  309-313,  where  the  Editor  has  set  forth  certain  special 
clauses  which  are  sometimes  inserted  in  a  provisional  order 
or  con6rming  Act.  These  are  collected  from  various  pro- 
visional orders  now  in  force.  What  is  known  as  the  Ber- 
mondsey  clause — providing  for  revision  of  prices  so  as  to 
balance  revenue  and  expenditure — is  here  set  out  at  length. 
Another  most  useful  form  is  the  Somerset  and  District 
Electric  Power  Act.  1 903. 

An  exhaustive  index  completes  a  work  which,  in  its  new 
form,  can  be  heartily  commended  to  the  notice  of  the  elec- 
trical and  legal  professions. 


Dt  EleklrizitdtszuMfr  Seine  Wirkungsireise,  Konstrurtion 
tind  Praktische  Handtiahung.  By  R.  Ziegenberg. 
Berlin  :  Hermann  Meusser.     Price  10  M. 

This  book  gives  a  comprehensive  view  of  present  day 
electricity  supply  meter  practice  and  is  evidently  the  work  of 
an  expert  who  is  able  to  lay  stress  on  the  essential  differences 
between  the  numerous  types,  instead  of  merely  collecting  a 
series  of  uncritical  descriptions. 


The  whole  ground,  including  the  important  question  of 
cost,  is  covered,  but,  owing  to  the  moderate  dimensions  of 
the  book,  a  good  deal  of  compression  has  been  found 
necessary.  The  information  given,  however,  is  sufficient  for 
readers  having  some  practical  experience  of  meters. 

The  first  two  chapters  deal  with  electrical  measurements 
generally  and  with  direct-reading  amjjere,  volt  and  watt 
meters.  The  remaining  six  chapters  are  devoted  to 
electricity  supply  meters  proper,  and  deal,  respectively, 
with  (r)  the  various  principles  available  for  electrical  energy 
measurements  :  (2)  detailed  descriptions  of  the  more  impor- 
tant modern  meters  for  d.c  and  a.c.  work  ;  (3)  special  tariffs 
and  the  meters  used  with  them  ;  (4)  the  manufacture,  testing 
and  checking  of  meters;  (5)  legal  regulations  in  Germany 
affecting  the  use  and  maintenance  of  meters  ;  and  finally 
(())  practical  point's  affecting  the  installation  and  re- 
liability of  meters,  with  a  useful  table  giving  the  most 
common  faults  to  which  meters  are  liable  and  the  methods  of 
curing  them. 

The  book  should  be  a  useful  one  both  for  students  and 
those  in  charge  of  meters. 


Foundations  and  Muchinerg  Fixing.      By  F.  H.  Davies. 

London  :  Constable  &  Co.,  Ltd.     1912.     Price2s.net, 

In  these  days  when  the  fixing  of  engines  is  thrown,  by 
some  firms,  upon  the  responsible  shoulders  of  a  bricklayer's 
labourer,  a  book  on  machinery  fixing  should  attract  attrac- 
tion. Fixing  machine  foundations  to-day  is  done  by  the  aid 
of  a  spirit  level,  a  few  wedges  and  a  lot  of  slushy  grout. 
The  more  elderly  of  us  were  brought  up  to  fix  metal  upon 
solid  stone.  Foundation  plates  were  rubbed  to  and  fro  on 
the  stone  surface,  tested  by  level,  the  blackened  rubbed  stone 
dressed  down  at  the  higher  ends,  or  corners,  the  bedplates 
again  let  down  and  rubbed  and  levelled,  and  the  stone 
dressed  again  and  again  until  at  last  the  plate  was  level  all 
ways,  and  the  stone  was  pretty  well  iron-blacked  all  over. 
Concrete  and  cement  have  simplified  and  cheapened  the  art 
— perhaps  improved  the  job — but  is  it  quite  fair  that  engine 
builders,  because  cement  is  used,  should  decline  their  fixing 
responsibilities  as  they  do  to-day  r  The  author  of  the  book 
before  us  is  of  the  new  school,  and  says  that  stone  scarcely 
merits  consideration,  and  he  is  quite  right  to-day,  for  heavy 
Ashlar  masonry  has  gone  out  of  use,  and  it  is  better  to  devote 
space  to  concrete  and  its  mixing,  and  to  grout  and  the 
manner  of  its  putting  in. 

The  author  begins  with  actual  construction  of  foundations. 
It  would  be  interesting  just  now  to  know  what  i&the  pres- 
sure per  S(iuare  foot  of  the  foundations  of  St.  Paul's  dome. 

Is  it  the  3  to  4  tons  here  tabulated  for  gravel,  or  the  4  tons 
for  London  clay  .'  St.  Paul's  has  stood  for  250  years,  and 
these  more  heavily  loaded  parts  have  sunk,  possibly,  4  or 
0  in.  more  than  adjacent  parts  with  consequent  shear 
through  vaultings.  After  all,  it  is  not  so  much  the  pres- 
sure per  square  foot  which  matters,  as  the  equality  of 
pressure  on  every  pier,  and  the  avoidance  of  lateral  escape  of 
compressed  material.  Sand,  held  in,  cannot  be  crushed,  but 
a  sand  foundation  can  be  wrecked  by  a  child. 

Foundations  weigh,  we  are  told,  from  one  and  a  half  to 
five  times  the  weight  of  the  machine  they  carry.  Such 
extremes  as  this,  derived  from  actual  practice,  are,  if  good 
samples  in  the  cases  they  are  drawn  from,  only  a  proof  that 
the  design  of  foundations  cannot  be  taught,  but  must  be 
the  result  of  experience  and  engineering  intuition.  Actual 
examples  are  given  in  tables  which,  however,  say  nothing  of 
the  earth  Ijeneath  the  foundation.  There  are  no  fewer  than 
13  such  tables  of  steam  and  gas  and  oil  engine  foundations. 

The  author  speaks  up  for  sharji  sand  as  opposed  to  sand 
much  water-worn.  Opinion  to-day  is,  however,  much  less 
inimical  to  water- worn  sand.  It  has  often  the  merit  of 
being  much  cleaner  than  pit  sand,  and  is  usually  sound  stulT 
to  which  good  fine-ground  cement  flour  will  adhere  firmlv. 
The  rule  for  cement  mixture  is  deficient. 

The  water  to  fill  up  a  given  measure  full  of  the  heavy 
aggregate  is  the  measure  of  the  sand  to  be  used,  and  the  water 
necessary  to  fill  up  a  measure  of  dry  sand  is  the  minimum 
volume  of  cement  to  be  used  with  that  sand,  and  this  volume 
should  be  increased  at  least  10  per  cent. 

It  may  be  true  that  sand  is  not  essential  to  the  makiner  of 
concrete  and  that  it  is  only  employed  to  save  cement.    ]5ut  the 


Vol.  72.    No.  I,8f,2,  May  2;},  lUlH.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


841 


Hume  could  he  Hiiid  of  tlio  hioken  Htom: — tlic  u^'^^nit^iite 
geaemlly.  A  foiuulation  might  hv.  intulo  oiiLin.'ly  of  cement, 
but  the  cost  would  be  gieuter.  ActiiHlly  the  uiiii  in  to  imc 
80  inucli  cement  tlmt  every  hit  of  Ktone  or  siind  shall  be 
separated  from  any  other  bit  by  a  thin  wash  of  ccriKint. 
The  best  concrete  would  be  tliat  made  by  tumbling  tlu' 
heavy  aggregate  with  cement  sntlicicnt  to  duHt  it  all  over, 
doing  the  same  with  the  dry  sand  and  all  the  rest  of  the 
cement  ;  then  tumbling  the  whole,  slowly  adding  the 
necessary  water.  Hand-mixing  rarely  extends  to  more  than 
three  turns  over  dry  followed  by  other  turns  over  with  water 
in  some  l)ulk — a  mistake,  ('oncrete  sliould  be  machine 
mixed,  water  being  added  in  fine  spray.  Really  well- 
mixed  concrete  may  be  merely  damp  enougii  to  flush  up  wet 
on  the  surface  when  rammed. 

hi  brick-built  foundations  it  does  not  really  matter 
that  the  cement  joints  should  be  as  thin  as  ]  in.  it  is 
probable  that  with  a  well-wetted  brick  that  will  not  perish 
the  cement  mortar,  a  half-inch  joint  is  better,  for  it  is  a  good 
brick  that  will  not  fail  sooner  than  the  cement  joint.  A 
brick-in-cement  wall  is  monolithic  if  properly  built,  and  the 
grouting  not  skimped,  and  a  half-inch  joint  will  better  let 
in  the  grout  than  a  thinner  space. 

Nor  in  hoop  iron  bonding  does  it  now  seem  necessary 
to  tar  and  sand  the  hooping.  If  free  from  grease  the  plain 
iron,  if  rusted  to  a  clean  surface  free  from  scale,  will  stick  to, 
and  be  protected  by,  cement  mortar.  On  the  subject  of 
vibration,  the  author  shows  his  hand  in  favour  of  allowing  a 
moving  machine  to  move  with  its  foundation  under 
vibratory  influences.  And  why  not  ?  Mount  an  engine  on 
a  foundation  with  a  spherical  base  and  keep  Ihe  block  free 
laterally,  and  there  would  be  no  transmitted  vibration.  But 
could  the  block  be  prevented  from  walking  away  ?  Pro- 
bably a  layer  of  thick  felt  would  admit  of  the  equivalent 
effect  of  a  spherical  base  siirface  and  also  provide  against 
walking  ofT.  If  a  thing  is  vibrating,  it  is  at  least  useless 
to  try  to  stop  it  by  lateral  struts.  A  foundation  on  cannon 
balls  will  prevent  lateral  transmission  of  vibration,  but  the 
to-'knd-fro  pitching  which  sets  up  pumping  in  a  wet  soil  can 
only  be  met  by  allowing  the  whole  mass  to  rock.  Pure 
up-and-down  movement  of  vibration  cannot,  however,  be 
countered  unless  by  a  sufficient  interposed  elasticity  of 
springs,  cork,  felt,  or  other  agent.  This  is  quite  a  good 
book. 


Wireless    leloi/raphy.       By    H.    T.    Davidhe.      London  : 
Percival  Marshall  &  Co.     Price  (Id.  net. 

The  series  of  booklets  to  which  the  present  volume 
belongs  has  already  established  a  high  reputation  which  should 
be  further  raised  by  Mr.  Davidge's  work.  The  author 
succeeds  in  presenting  a  simple  and  accurate  explanation  of 
the  fundamental  features  and  methods  of  wireless  telegraphy 
while  adhering  to  scientifically  and  technically  correct  terms. 
The  preliminary  chapter  follows  the  usual  lines  of  reviewing 
earlier  systems  of  wireless  communication,  enumerating 
certain  of  the  properties  of  ether  as  utilised  in  wireless  tele- 
graphy, and  stating  the  relationship  between  velocity,  fre- 
quency and  wave  length  ;  the  chapter  closes  with  an  account 
of  the  chief  properties  of  Hertzian  waves. 

Chapter  II  deals  with  Essential  Apparatus,  and  describes 
the  construction  and  applications  of  condensers  in  conjunc- 
tion with  inductance  coils;  the  calculation  of  the 'natural 
frequency  of  an  oscillating  circuit  (pure  capacity  and  induct- 
ance), and  the  phenomenon  of  damping.  This  leads  to  an 
elementary  consideration  of  tuning — the  mechanical  analogy 
of  the  tuning  fork  being  cited.  The  characteristic  properties 
of  liigh-frequency  currents  and  the  principle  of  the  electric 
transformer  are  also  considered. 

In  connection  with  Sending  (Chapter  III),  power 
measurements,  the  induction  coil,  and  improved  forms  of 
contact-makers  are  briefly  considered,  and  the  arrangement 
of  small  and  large  transmitting  circuits  and  aerials  is 
described  and  diagrammatically  illustrated.  With  reference 
to  the  half-tone  blocks  of  aerials,  in  this  and  in  most  other 
"  wireless "  woiks,  we  would  suggest  that  the  aerial  wires 
should  be  inked  over  before  the  block  is  made  ;  usually 
their  course  is  barely  visible  on  the  original  print,  and  it  is 
quite  exceptional  to  see  any  trace  of  them  on  the  block 
made  from  the  latter. 


In  the  W'11-knowii  cijuatiou  : — n  /  \  =  IlOO  x  10",  n 
represents  the  fre(|ucncy  in  cydcH  jx-r  second  and  X  llie  wave 
length  of  the  oscillation  in  meters,  but  why  not  adopt  the 
more  convi:nient  form  : — ;/,  X  («  .  X;  =  ;!00,  in  wliich  n 
represents  th((  freijuency  in  kilocycleB  (key.)  jxir  second,  and 
X  represents  the  wave  length  in  km.  (a  rnoBt  wnvenicnt  nnit 
for  all  practical  pur[y)8es;  ? 

The  receiving  chapter  deals  with  <x)herer«  and  magnetic, 
electrolytic,  and  crystal  detectors  briefly  and  clearly,  bat 
without  going  into  constructional  details  or  instructions  and 
without  considering  improved  forms  of  the  various  det<x.-tors  ; 
space  limitations,  of  course,  forl)id  such  full  treatment,  bnt 
it  would  have  been  well  to  havf;  included  [mrticulars  of  one 
or  two  of  the  receiving  sets  wiiich  have  l>een  sijccially 
designed  for  use  on  fishing  veB-sels  and  in  receiving  time 
signals,  &c. 

In  Chapter  V,  the  characteristic  features  and  relative 
advantages  of  the  Telefunken,  Poulsen  and  Lepel  systems 
are  very  briefly  stated  and,  in  Chapter  \\,  the  author  fiasaes 
on  to  station  working.  Under  this  heading  are  described  a 
number  of  accessories  and  refinements  used  in  modem 
wireless  station  circuits  ;  these  notes  are  continued  in 
the  next  cliapter  where  are  considered  recent  improvements 
in  tuning  and  directive  working  and  the  effects  of  daylight 
and  the  nature  of  the  surfaces  over  which  the  radiations 
pass.  The  other  miscellaneous  points  dtalt  with  include 
secrecy  of  working,  regulations  for  wireless  communication 
at  sea,  time  signals  and  wave  meters.  The  final  chapter 
deals  very  briefly  with  tlie  requirements  and  elementar}' 
arrangements  of  wireless  telephony  and  its  circuits.  The 
production  of  the  work  is  excellent,  and  the  author  has 
wisely  arranged  for  the  Morse  code  to  be  printed  clearly  on 
a  fly-leaf  which  can  be  detached  for  mounting. 


An  Elementary  Course  of  Magnetism  and  Elertrinly.     By 
C.  H.  Drapkr.     London  :  Blackie  iV:  Son.     Price  2s. 

This  little  book  forms  Section  VII  of  the  author's  Course 
of  Physics,  and  is  issued  separately  for  convenience  of  use. 
It  claims  to  be  a  course  "  suitable  for  those  commencing  the 
subject,"  and  is  "  intended  chiefly  for  the  laboratory."  And 
so,  to  justify  its  first  claim,  we  find  it  providing  in  the  first 
chapters  a  variety  of  simple  experiments  up  to  and  including 
the  mapping  of  magnetic  fields.  Then,  after  warning  us 
that  "  the  exercises  in  this  chapter  are  of  a  less  elementary 
character,"  we  are  introduced  to  the  mysterious  conception 
of  magnetic  moments  and  their  comparison  by  an  approxi- 
mate method  :  and  although  we  eventually  arrive  at  the 
Law  of  Inverse  Squares  in  the  last  chapter  on  ^lagnetism, 
we  are  even  then  only  permitted  to  verify  it  approximately  1 

Electrification  by-  friction,  electrical  machines,  and  con- 
densers, are  treated  in  a  similar  manner,  the  last  paragraph 
on  this  subject  containing  the  first  mention  of  electric  lines 
of  force  and  the  electric  field. 

Early  in  the  chapter  on  Voltaic  Cells,  the  author  finds  it 
necessary  to  insert  an  illustration  of  a  terminal.  We  would 
suggest  that  the  draughtsman  would  have  been  better 
employed  in  improving  the  perspective  of  fig.  413. 

The  chapters  on  Resistance  and  Ohm's  Tjaw  are  straight- 
forward and  much  more  satisfactory  than  the  rest  of  the 
book,  but  even  in  these  the  diagrams  are  in  many  cases  little 
better  than  useless.  The  diagrams  are.  in  fact,  the  worst 
feature  of  the  book,  and  setting  aside  the  fact  that  the 
electric  telegraph  is  not  exactly  a  suitable  topic  for  a 
laboratory  book,  the  diagrams  illustrating  this  subject 
deserve  severe  criticism.  We  feel  sure  that  fig.  409  could 
be  found  in  many  electrical  books  over  20  years  ago,  and 
equally  sure  that  the  "Telegraph  Circuit"  of  fig.  410  would 
puzzle  the  most  precocious  schoolboy  who  attempted  to  dis- 
cover its  meaning. 

Such  a  book  may  prove  useful  to  some  people,  but  we 
venture  to  think  that  most  teachers  of  electricity  will  not  be 
impressed  by  it. — P.K. 


Amendment    of    Patent. — ^Messrs.    Kortixg    akd 

Mathiesen  A.G.  have  applied  for  leave  to  amend  the  specification 
of  letters  patent  No.  22,3-12  of  1904,  for  improvements  in  arc-lamp 
electrodes.    (///.  Otff.Jinimal,  page  69",') 

E 


842 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,852,  May  23,  1913. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

LttUri  received  by  ut  after  6  P.M.  ON  TUESDAY  cantuit  appear  until 
the  following  week.  CorretpondenU  thould  forward  their  oommuni- 
eationi  at  tie  earliett  pottiole  moment.  No  letter  can  be  pvhlithed 
%ude*i  roe  hare  the  writer't  name  and  addreti  in  our  poitettion. 


The  Mutual  Protection  of  Engineers. 

Recently  in  the  experience  of  the  staff  of  a  large  electrical 
manufacturing  firm  in  the  Midlands,  an  occasion  has  arisen 
demonstrating  the  urgent  necessity  for  an  organisation  for 
the  mutual  protection  of  the  engineers  associated  with  such 
firms. 

The  situation  has  arisen  as  a  result  of  the  amalgamation 
of  such  firms  under  the  British  Electric  Manufacturers' 
Association.  This  body,  forming  the  nucleus  of  a  gigantic 
trust,  has  for  its  purpose  objects  other  than  the  control  of 
prices.  By  their  agreement  it  is,  for  instance,  possible  for 
them  to  prevent  an  engineer,  who  may  have  displeased  those 
in  authority,  from  obtaining  employment  in  any  constituent 
firm. 

The  realisation  of  this  power  has  resulted  in  the  pro- 
posal of  a  programme  for  curtailing  the  privileges  and 
material  compensations  of  our  profession,  as  follows  : — 
Extension  of  hours  of  employment  of  staff  ;  reduction  in 
holidays  of  staff  :  abolition  of  payment  during  holidays  ; 
reduction  in  status  of  staff  engineers. 

The  precise  instance  referred  to  above  as  emphasing  tlie 
disabilities  under  which  engineers  are  labouring,  related  to 
the  treatment  of  the  staff  by  tlie  management  on  the  occasion 
of  the  introduction  of  a  system  always  resisted  by  English 
engineers. 

Both  the  shops  and  the  offices  were  similarly  affected,  but 
while  an  explanation  was  afforded  to  the  shops,  their  co- 
operation invited,  and  a  bonus  offered  as  a  compensation, 
not  only  were  none  of  these  extended  to  the  office  staff,  but 
when  a  diffident  petition  was  submitted  to  the  management 
expressing  their  views,  it  was  ignored  and  unanswered. 

The  strong  feelings  aroused  by  this  high-handed  treat- 
ment were  recognised  by  the  management,  who  offered  a 
belated  explanation  of  the  introduction  of  the  system  to 
which  objection  was  taken,  but  plainly  intimated  that  the 
difference  in  the  treatment  given  to  the  staff  and  the  shops 
was  because  of  the  fact  that  in  the  former  case  they  had  to 
reckon  with  individuals  only,  whereas  in  the  latter  there 
was  a  strong  and  united  body  of  men  to  deal  with.  This  is 
a  question  the  solution  of  which  lies  in  the  hands  of  the 
younger  members  of  our  profession. 

It  is  not  suggested  that  anything  in  the  nature  of  trade 
unionism  should  be  aimed  at,  but  rather  societies  of  the 
nature  of  the  Law  Society  or  the  Medical  Association  Such 
a  society  would  not  necessarily  adopt  an  attitude  of  hostility 
to  the  managers  of  the  Trust,  but  would  protect  individual 
members  from  any  harsh  and  arbitrary  abuse  of  the  power 
with  which  such  managers  are  vested. 

You  would  be  doing  a  real  ser\ice  to  the  profession  by 
opening  your  columns  to  a  discussion  on  the  matter,  and  so 
assisting  in  the  initiation  of  a  movement  which  will  be  as 
far-reaching  as  it  is  inevitable. 

It  is  quite  possible  that  a  new  Society  ia  unnecessary, 
since  the  Engineering  Institutions,  in  which  we  hold  con- 
trolling power,  might  be  induced  to  extend  their  functions 
sufficiently  to  consider  the  material  interests  of  their 
members. 

Only  an  Engineer. 

J/rt.y  lG//^  l!tl3. 


The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  Lifts. 

I  am  obliged  by  Mr.  A.  K.  Leaver's  reply  to  my  letter, 
bnt  apparently  he  does  not  appreciate  the  difficulties  which 
must  be  overcome  before  a  lock  can  be  constructed  which  is 
really  safe,  and,  because  I  have  had  every-day  experience 
with  lifts  for  a  good  many  years  past,  I  disagree  absolutely 
with  his  statement  that  combined  electrical  and  mechanical 
locks  have  l>een  successfully  applied  to  lifts  for  several  years 
past. 

I  agree  with  Mr.  Leaver  that  it  is  a  matter  of  simplicity 
to  connect  the  electric  portion  of  the  lock  with  the  controller 
in  such  a  manner  that  the  motor  cannot  be  started  unless 
all    the    gates    or    doors  are  closed,  and  this  is,  naturally, 


the  first  idea  which  would  occur  to  one  when  locking 
gear  is  required  for  a  lift.  But  what  about  the  mechanical 
portion  of  the  locking  operation  r  Neither  mechanical  nor 
electrical  locking  is  sufficient  by  itself,  and  difficulties  arise 
when  an  attempt  is  made  to  combine  these  actions  so  that 
the  following  conditions  are  fulfilled  : — 

1.  Cage  cannot  move  until  the  gates  are  both  mechanically 
and  electrically  locked. 

2.  No  gate  can  be  opened  unless  the  current  has  been  cut 
off  from  the  controller. 

3.  No  gate  can  be  opened  unless  the  cage  is  opposile  the 
floor. 

The  second  condition  is  moat  important,  for,  as  pointed 
out  in  my  previous  letter,  it  very  often  happens  that  intend- 
ing passengers  are  waiting  at  various  floors  for  the  lift, 
who,  by  opening  the  gate,  stop  the  cage  when  same  arrives 
opposite  their  particular  floor.  Suppose,  for  example,  the 
case  of  an  automatic  push-button  lift  (fitted  with  the 
ordinary  modern  locking  gear)  which  has  been  called 
by  a  person  at  the  bottom  floor,  and  also  suppose  that, 
as  soon  as  the  cage  has  commenced  to  move,  it  is  also 
required  by  another  intending  passenger  who  is  waiting  at 
the  floor  above.  If  the  person  on  the  upper  floor  uses  the 
lift  much  he  will  soon  find  out  that  he  can,  by  keeping 
pressure  on  the  gate  or  door,  open  same  as  the  lift  passes,  stop 
the  cage  by  this  means  and  appropriate  same  to  his  own  use, 
instead  of  waiting  until  the  person  who  first  called  the  lift 
to  the  bottom  floor  has  been  served.  Of  course,  this  sort 
of  thing  may  go  on  indefinitely  in  the  case  of  a  busy  lift.  The 
accident  a  short  time  ago  in  which  the  Due  de  Lorge  met 
his  death,  is  one  instance  of  the  manner  in  which  the 
proper  operation  of  a  lift  provided  with  ordinary  locking 
gear  (such  as  Mr.  Leaver  appears  to  advocate)  can  be  inter- 
fered with. 

If  your  correspondent  will  refer  to  Patents  2,7()6  of  1905, 
20,i44  of  liUO,  13,183  of  1911,  and  •2(;,H02  of  1911, 
which  fairly  represent  modern  practice,  he  will  find  that  in 
all  cases  the  mechanical  locking  action  can  only  take  place 
after  the  cage  has  moved  a  certain  distance  from  the  lancj- 
ing.  This  locking  action  is  accomplished  by  means  of  a 
spring-controlled  lever,  which  can  easily  fail  owing  to  the 
spring  breaking  or  weakening,  corrosion,  or  lack  of  lubrica- 
tion, and  in  at  least  two  of  the  above-mentioned  locks,  if 
the  gate  is  not  completely  latched,  the  mechanical  locking 
cannot  take  place,  in  which  cases  the  lift  could  move  away 
with  the  door  not  mechanically  locked.  As  very  often  the 
lift  door  has  the  appearance  of  an  ordinary  room  door,  it 
can  be  seen  how  easy  it  is  for  a  stranger  to  mistake  the  lift 
door  for  the  proper  room  door,  and,  when  the  lock  has  failed, 
open  the  door  and  walk  down  the  lift  well. 

Patent  Xo.  2,7(U1,  of  1905,  referring  to  doors  fitted  with 
switches  and  automatic  catches  operated  by  striker  on  cage, 
points  out  the  various  difficulties  (such  as  making  the  electric 
locking  and  latching  actions  simultaneous)  which  must  be 
overcome,  but  even  in  this  patent  the  danger  of  the 
mechanical-locking  lever  failing  has  not  been  successfully 
obviated. 

With  due  respect  to  !Mr.  Leaver's  own  experience  with 
electric  lifts,  I  venture  to  say  that,  judging  from  his  remarks 
on  the  subject  of  locks,  his  experience  has  evidently  not  been 
sufficient  to  enable  him  to  understand  the  various  problems 
which  arise  in  the  design  of  lift  safety  locks,  and  which 
ha^e  only  very  recently  been  completely  solved  by  but  one 
type  of  lock. 

W.  J.  F.  Cooper. 

London,  3Iay  \9fh. 


Having  inspected  some  hundreds  of  lifts  by  different 
makers,  and  having  made  a  special  study  of  the  several 
locks  used  thereon  and  their  failures,  I  have  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  absolutely  safe  combined  electrical  and 
mechanical  automatic  gate  lock  is  yet  to  be  invented.  All 
automatic  locks  of  this  type  have  this  vital  failing,  that  on 
the  gate  being  closed  the  control  circuit  is  completed  with 
the  gate  only  latched,  not  positively  locked,  the  locking 
device  coming  independently  into  action  after  the  car  has 
moved  some  distance  away  from  the  landing.  Now  these 
locking  devices  are  generally  operated  by  means  of 
springs  or   by  a  gravity  arm,  and    it  is  self-evident  that 


Vol.72.     No.  1,862,  May  T.i,  1913.1 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


848 


then;  is  an  eloment  of  danger  here,  for,  sboulil  the  si)iin(,'H 
break,  as  I  have  known  them  to  do,  or  .shonld  the 
working  parts  not  work  freely  for  want  of  lubrication 
or  througli  some  other  cause,  the  gate  reniaiim  free  to  l)0 
opened  wlien  the  car  is  away  from  tliat  landing,  and  as  your 
correspondent,  Mr.  W.  .).  Cooper,  states,  "is  a  vcritalile 
deatli  trap."  Thia  is  particularly  so  in  the  case  of  push- 
button lifts,  where  oft-times  the  lift  wells  arc  totally 
enclosed  and  ttie  car  cannot  b(!  s(K'n  from  the  outside.  A 
pei-son  naturally  under  these  circumstances,  on  finding  tliuL 
the  door  ojiens,  steps  into  the  well  hole  instead  of  the  car, 
whit'h  should  have  been  there,  and  the  result  is  death  or 
serious  injuries.  What  is  wanted  is  a  combined  electrical 
and  mechanical  lock  which  will  positively  lock  (not  latch) 
the  gate  before  the  control  circuit  is  closed,  the  switch  and 
locking  device  being  so  constructed  as  to  be  dependent  on 
each  other,  so  that  if  either  shonld  fail  there  is  no  possible 
chance  of  starting  the  lift  away  from  the  landing  until  the 
lock  has  been  repaired.  Seemingly  this  ideal  lock  cannot  be 
made,  for  on  reading  a  certain  lift  engineer's  patent  lock 
specification  recently,  I  found  it  stated  that  the  locking  and 
closing  of  the  control  circuit  cannot  be  done  simultaneously. 
That  being  the  case,  I  am  under  the  im|)ression  that  there 
is  not  existing  an  absolutely  safe  lock  for  lift  enclosures. 


London,  E.,  ^f(ly  19///,  1013. 


W.  H.  Carroll. 


Electric  Li^htin^  Fittings. 

With  reference  to  the  many  catalogues  and  lists  recently 
published,  illustrating  and  advocating  indirect  systems  of 
lighting,  do  you  not  think  that  this  is  a  case  of  misdirection 
of  energy  ?  Why  in  these  competitive  days  do  we  want  to  go 
round  the  corner,  as  it  were,  to  illuminate  instead  of  directing 
light  to  where  it  is  wanted  by  the  shortest  route  ? 

Surely  it  is  possible  to  design  some  form  of  screen  to 
protect  the  eye  from  the  glare  T)f  naked  light,  and  at  the 
same  time  to  direct  the  rays  in  the  required  direction. 
Indirect  fittings  certainly  bring  back  pleasing  memories  of 
school  days,  of  evening  prowls  with  what  we  termed  our  moth 
trap  (consisting  of  a  large  saucer  of  treacle  with  a  night 
light  spluttering  in  the  middle  of  it),  but  in-  these  strenuous 
days  of  "  candle  feet "  and  "  as  the  inverse  square  of  the 
distance,"  indirect  lighting  seems  very  much  like  running 
half  a  mile  in  the  opposite  direction  and  sprinting  back  in 
order  to  be  in  time  to  catch  a  train. 

Why  wa§te  energy,  either  physical  or  electrical,  in  pushing 
against  the  competition  of  other  illuminants  an  obsolete  and 
notoriously  inefficient  form  of  lighting,  which  is  bad  enough 
when  both  ceiling  and  reflectors  are  clean,  but  when  the  dust 
settles,  is  hopeless  ? 

H.  A.  W. 


Water  Divination. 


Your  recent  article  on  the  "  Dowsers "  was  somewhat 
crushing,  but  there  are  some  big  men  on  the  other  side. 
The  late  Sir  Edward  Fry,  F.R.S.,  more  than  once  success- 
fully employed  them  to  locate  suitable  sites  for  wells,  and 
the  late  Marquis  of  Salisbury  also  gave  evidence  in  their 
favour.  The  German  Emperor  believes  firmly  in  their 
power  after  seeing  how  they  were  able  to  locate  coins  hidden 
underneath  the  carpets. 

In  1909,  the  German  Colonial  Secretary  officially 
"  blessed  "  the  divining  rod  of  Herr  Yon  Uslar,  who  had 
been  extremely  successful  in  showing  where  water  could  be 
found  in  German  South  Africa.  He  indicated  600  sites, 
borings  were  made  in  163  of  these,  and,  as  a  result,  117, 
or  79  per  cent.,  were  successful. 

The  late  Sir  Henry  Harman  had  similarly  good  cause  to 
believe  in  them.  Acting  on  srienlific  advice,  at  Horsham 
he  spent  over  £1,000  in  sinking  wells,  without  any  success. 
He  then  called  in  the  "  Dowsers,"  who  indicated  a  spot 
where  water  could  be  found  at  less  than  20  ft.  A  well  was 
sunk,  with  the  result  that  an  immense  supply  was  found  at 
1')  ft.  only. 

Bohemia's  health  resort,  Podiebrad,  came  into  existence 
through  the  "  Dowsers'  "  success  in  finding  a  lost  well. 

These  are  only  a  few  instances  on  the  other  side,  which, 
perhaps,  explain   why   the   Local  Government   Board   also 


show   their    faith   in    the    water  divining  by  allowing    jjay- 
mentH  to  lie  made  for  their  serviccH. 

W.B.8. 

[Despite  the  iilustriouH  namon  arrayed  against  uh,  we  are 
unabuHJied.  The  results  of  the  recent  testH  showed  that,  hh 
the  (!onimittee  said:  "Whatever  Bcnflitivenefls  Uj  under- 
ground water  may  exist  in  certain  [jcrsonH,  of  which  somo 
evidence  has  been  given,  it  is  not  Hnfliciently  definite  and 
trustworthy  to  be  of  miuh  practical  value.  Moreover,  the 
lack  of  agreement  with  each  other  shows  that  it  \h  more  a 
matter  of  personal  mentality  than  any  direct  indnencc  of  the 
water.  The  diviners,  as  a  rule,  cf)nfine  their  atU'ntion  to 
small  streams  of  water,  and  as  there  are  few  pla<X'8  where 
these  cannot  be  found  they  may  well  show  a  large  percentage 
of  success." 

An  examination  of  the;  diagrams  given  in  the  Sanilury 
Record  clearly  shows  that  the  "  indications "  recorded  by 
the  diviners  were  absolutely  haphazard,  and  bore  no  relation 
to  any  physical  feature  of  the  land  whatever.  People  who 
can  repose  any  trust  in  such  performances  must  Ix;  lacking 
in  tlie  sense  of  humour. —  Eds.  Ei.kc.  Rkv.] 


LEGAL. 


Glasgow  Tbamcab  Accident  Claim. 

A  Glasuow  woman,  who  alleged  that  she  was  descendinfr  from  the 
top  of  a  car  when  it  was  suddenly  started  and  she  was  seriously 
injured  by  being  thrown  to  the  bottom  of  the  stairs,  sued  the  Cor- 
poration, in  the  Court  of  Session,  for  £l,00l).  After  the  pursuer's 
evidence  had  been  heard,  the  defenders  tendered  a  sum  and  fall 
expenses  in  settlement  of  the  pursuer's  claim.  This  tender  was 
accepted. 


Battebsea  Bobough  Council  c  The  County  of  London 
Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

This  case  on  Tuesday  came  before  the  Court  of  Appeal,  composed 
of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls,  Lord  Justice  Kennedy  and  the  President 
of  the  Probate,  Divorce  and  Admiralty  Division,  upon  the  appeal  of 
the  plaintiffs  from  the  refusal  of  Mr.  Justice  Joyce,  in  the  Chancery 
Division,  to  grant,  upon  the  application  of  the  plaintiffs,  an  injunc- 
tion to  restrain  the  defendant  company  from  laying  their  electrical 
mains  and  conduits  in  Wandsworth  Road,  Nine  Elms  Lane,  Battersea 
Park  Road,  York  Road,  or  any  other  road,  street  or  place  within  the 
Metropolitan  Borough  of  Battersea. 

It  appeared  from  the  statement  of  Mr.  Hughes,  K.C,  in  support 
of  the  appeal,  that  the  company,  having  already  made  connections 
between  the  various  areas  of  supply  and  between  those  areas  and 
their  two  generating  stations  at  Clerkenwell  and  Wandsworth,  now 
proposed  to  lay  a  further  main  between  their  area  at  Southwark 
and  a  portion  of  their  Wandsworth  area,  this  proposed  main  to  run 
from  their  generating  station  at  Wandsworth  to  a  sub-station  at 
Southwark  in  accordance  with  (as  defendants  alleged)  the  provisions 
of  Sec.  4,  Sub-sec.  2,  of  the  London  Electric  Supply  Act,  1908, 
which  provided  that  "an  authorised  undertaker  or  a  specified 
company  may  also,  by  means  of  electric  mains,  make  a  connection 
between  any  two  or  more  areas  which  that  authorised  undertaker 
or  specified  company  is  authorised  to  supply,  or  between  any  such 
area  and  generating  station  of  that  authorised  undertaker  or 
specified  company."  The  learned  counsel  contended  that  the 
natural  meaning  of  Sub-sec.  2  was  to  give  to  the  defendants  power 
to  make  a  connection  where  there  was  none  existing  already,  but 
that  did  not  give  them  the  right  to  make  any  number  of  connec- 
tions. The  defendants  did  not  claim  that  the  proposed  connection 
was  a  necessity,  and  the  sub-section  only  gave  them  the  right  to 
make  necessary  connections. 

Mr.  Sylvain  Mayer  followed  on  the  same  side. 

Mr.  Tyldesley  Jones  (with  him  Sir  Alfred  Cripps,  K.C"),  in 
support  of  the  decision  of  Mr.  Justice  Joyce,  said  that  if  his  learned 
friends  on  the  other  side  were  right,  it  meant  that  a  company  would 
have  to  lay  all  the  mains  they  would  ever  require  at  first,  and  that 
it  the  company  had  ever  made  a  connection  between  two  areas, 
their  powers  had  gone,  and  the  result  was  that  they  could  not  after- 
wards connect  up  their  generating  station  with  their  different  areas. 
He  submitted  that  that  was  not  the  proper  construction  of  the 
sub-section,  and  that  the  decision  of  Mr.  Justice  Joyce  was  right. 

The  parties  agreed  to  treat  the  motion  as  the  trial  of  the 
action.  .      .... 

In  giving  judgment,  the  Master  of  ths  Rolls  said  that  the 
case  turned  upon  the  true  construction  of  Sec.  4,  Sub-Sec.  2,  of  the 
London  Electric  Supply  Act,  lit08.  Having  stated  shortly  the 
facts  of  the  case,  he  said  that  Parliament  evidently  seemed  to  have 
thought  that  is  was  for  the  permanent  advantage  and  benefit  that 
where  there  were  various  electric  companies  having  separate  areas, 
that  they  should  be  able  to  unite  and  operate,  subject  to  the  con- 
sent of  the  Board  of  Trade.  Was  it  possible  to  say  that  under 
Sec.  4  there  could  be  only  one  connection  made  .'    Making  a  con- 


814 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.         [Voi.  72.  no.  1,852,  may  23,  1913. 


neotion  did  not  seem  to  him  to  mean  the  erection  or  conBtruction  of 
a  particular  tnbe  or  conduit.  He  thought  it  meant  to  connect  up 
and  do  that  which  the  agreement  might  authorise  you  to  do  and 
not  once  for  all.  He  thought  the  learned  Judge  was  right  in  the 
view  he  had  taken,  and  that  the  relief  the  plaintiifd  sought  to 
enforce  could  not  be  sustained.  For  these  reasons  he  was  of 
opinion  that  the  appeal  failed,  and  as  the  parties  had  agreed  to 
treat  the  motion  as  the  trial  of  the  action,  the  action  would  be 
dismissed  with  coats. 

Lord  Justice  Kennedy  and  the  President  concurred. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Diesel  Engines   at   the  Ghent  E.vhibition. — la  the 

Belgian  Electrical  Section  at  the  (ihent  Exhibition,  Messrs.  Cabei, 
Freres,  of  that  town,  di.splay,  in  addition  to  a  2,r)00-H  P.  steam 
engine,  three  examples  of  the  Carel-Diesel  engines,  a  100-h.p.  four- 
cycle engine,  a  1,500-h.p.  reversible  six-cylinder  engine,  and  a 
1,000  H.P.  two-cycle  four-cylinder  engine,  the  last-named  being 
coupled  to  a  generator,  and  used  in  connection  with  the  electric 
lighting  of  the  Exhibition. 

Electric    Cooking;. — Mkssrs.  -  Gii.lesi-ie   &    Bealhs, 

sole  wholesale  selling  agents  for  the  "Tricity  "  cookers  are  prepared 
on  behalf  of  their  principals  and  manufacturers,  the  British 
Electric  Transformer  Co.,  Ltd.,  to  enter  into  correspondence  with 
electricity  supply  undertakings  for  the  purpose  of  arranging 
c joking  demonstrations  of  the  "Tricity"  cooker,  which  demon- 
strations would  be  given  by  ilr.  F.  S.  Grogan.  Messrs.  Gillespie 
and  Beales  would  be  pleased  to  hear  from  those  engineers  who  are 
desirous  of  taking  advantage  of  this  means  of  introducing  electric 
cooking  on  their  system,  and  to  place  their  experience  at  the 
disposal  of  those  who  communicate  with  them. 

Book  .\otices. — "  American  Telegraph  Practice."  By 
Donald  McXicol.  1913.  London:  Hill  Publishing  Co.  Price  1  7  s. 
net. 

"  The  Mechanical  Engineer's  Pocket-Book.'  By  D.  K.  Clark  and 
H.  H.  P.  Powles.  1913.  London:  Crosby  Lockwood  *:  Son.  Price 
4b.  6d.  net. 

"Fifth  Annual  Report  of  the  Hydro-Electric  Power  Commission 
of  the  Province  of  Ontario."  1912.  "Rules  and  Regulations  for 
Inside  Electrical  Installations."     1913.     Toronto  :  L.  K.  Cameron. 

"  Jmirnal  of  the  Franklin  Institute."  Vol.  CLXXV,  No.  5. 
May,  1913.    Philadelphia,  Pa. :  The  Institute.     Price  50  cents. 

"Apparatus  for  the  Exact  Analysis  of  Flue  Gas,"  by  George  A. 
Burrell  and  Frank  M.  Siebert.  "  The  Preparation  of  Specifications 
for  Petroleum  Products."  by  Irving  C.  Allen.  "  Metal-Mine  Acci- 
dents in  the  United  States  during  1911,"  by  Albert  H.  Fay. 
"  Ignition  of  Mine  Gases  by  the  Filaments  of  Incandescent  Electric 
Lamps,"  by  H.  H.  Clark  and  L.  C.  Ilsley.  "  SampUng  Coal 
Deliveries."  by  George  S.  Pope.  ''  Oil  and  Gas  Wells  through  Work- 
able Coal  Beds,  '  by  George  S.  Rice  and  O.  P.  Hood.  1913.  Wash- 
ington :  Government  Printing  Office. 

'' Prucppdhigx  of  the  Engineers'  Club  of  Philadelphia."  Vol.  XXX, 
No.  2.     April,  1913.     PhUadelphia  :  The  Club. 

"  JiiiJletin  de  la  Socii'te  International  des  Electriciens."  Vol.  III. 
No.  24.  April,  1913.  Also  "  Annuaire  pour  1913."  Paris: 
Ganthier-Villars. 

"Atti  della  Associazione  Elettrotecnica  Italiana."  May,  1913. 
Milan  :  Stucchi,  Ceretti  .>c  C.     Price  L.  1  oO. 

"  Science  Abstracts."  Vol.  16,  Part  4.  April  3i)tb,  1913.  Sec- 
tions A  and  B.  London  :  E.  &  F.  N.  Spon,  Ltd.  Price  Is.  Gd.  net 
each. 

"  Wiring  Diagrams  of  Electrical  Apparatus  and  Installations." 
Prices?.  4d.net.  "Dynamo  Laboratory  Outlines."  By  John  Fay 
Wilson.     1913.     Price48.2d.net.     London ;  Hill  Publishing  Co. 

TrartKactionx  of  the  University  of  Toronto  Engineering  Society." 
VoL  VII,  No.  6.     April,  1913.    Toronto  :  The  Society. 

'■  Journal  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers." 
May,  1913.     New  York  :  The  Society.    Price  3.5  cents. 

"  Jinirnal  of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects."  Vol.  1, 
No.  o.    May,  1913.     Washington  :  The  Institute.     Price  5o  cents. 

"BoMinAe  Ingenieros."  Vol.  Ill,  Nos.  7  and  8.  March  16th 
and  April  16th,  1913.  Mexico:  Departmento  de  Ingenieros  de  la 
Secretaria  de  Guerra. 

Under  the  title  of  "  Motor-Car  Troubles  :  Their  Symptoms  and 
Their  Cure,"  Messrs.  Harper  &  Bros,  are  shortly  issuing  a  pocket- 
book  for  motorists,  by  H.  W.  Slauson,  M.E. 

We  havereceivedacopyof  the  second  edition  of  No.  1  of  the  Ax'proiil, 
the  official  organ  of  the  B.T.H.  Social  Club.  The  publication  is 
the  ItdMitx'  Magazine  under  a  new  name,  this  change  following 
upon  a  discontinuation  of  its  former  name  by  the  Donuts'  Society. 
The  new  name  is  adopted  becausj  the  aim  of  the  magazine  is  to  act 
as  ''  the  connecting  link  which  will  complete  a  well-ordered  system 
of  social  activities ''  in  B.T.H.  circles.  Furthermore,  the  B.T.H. 
telegraphic  address  is  "  Asteroidal."  There  is  a  good  deal  of 
interesting  matter  relating  to  club  and  such-like  doings,  with  some 
versification,  sketches,  and,  of  course,  a  pretty  considerable  spice  of 
humour.     Mr.  T.  H.  Helton  is  the  editor. 

Price   Redaction. — Messk.s.  W.  T.   Hexlev's  Tei.k- 

OBAPH  Works  Co.,  Ltd.,  announce  reductions  in  prices  of  rubber 
inanlated  wires  and  cables,  owing  to  the  fall  in  the  market  price  of 
rubber. 


British  Trade  in  British  (•iiiana. — A  report  to  the 

Board  of  Trade  from  its  correspondent  in  British  Guiana  points  out 
that  greater  quantities  of  machinery  and  wire  for  electric  lighting 
come  from  the  United  States  than  from  the  United  Kingdom.  The 
Electric  Light  Co.,  in  Georgetown,  was  started,  and  is  maintained, 
by  Canadian  capital,  and  it  is  possible  that  purchases  of  their 
electric  light  plant  are  made  in  the  States  as  a  matter  of  conveni- 
ence, especially  as  there  is  a  varied  and  cheap  supply  of  such 
articles  to  select  from  in  that  country.  It  may  be,  however,  that 
some  of  the  articles  credited  in  the  trade  returns  to  the  United 
States  are  really  of  Canadian  origin,  consigned  through  New  York. 

Speaking  generally  with  reference  to  British  efforts  to  extend 
trade  in  British  Guiana,  it  cannot  be  said  that  British  commercial 
travellers  handle  their  samples  to  the  utmost  advantage.  Travellers 
frequently  represent  upwards  of  six  houses  each,  and,  consequently, 
cirry  a  numerous  variety  of  samples,  with  many  of  which  they  are 
not  infrequently  entirely  nnac(iuainte<l.  On  the  other  hand, 
travellers  from  the  United  States  specialise,  so  to  speak,  and  each 
traveller  carries  with  him  the  lines  with  which  he  is  thoroughly 
conversant.  It  naturally  follows  that  such  intimate  knowledge, 
well  applied,  helps  to  secure  orders  which  might  otherwise  be 
los^ 

Freight  rates  naturally  have  a  direct  effect  on  the  selling  price 
of  imported  goods.  Great  Britain's  only  competitor  in  British 
(iuiana  which  has  an  advantage  in  freight  rates  is  the  United 
States,  and.  from  inquiries  made  amongst  importers,  it  would 
appear  that  freight  on  most  goods  from  the  United  States  averages 
12  cents  per  foot,  as  against  21  cents  per  foot  from  the  United 
Kingdom.  Reducing  these  rates  to  a  basis  of  value  so  far  as  it  is 
possible  to  do  so,  it  is  reckoned  that  the  Americins  have  an  advan- 
tage in  freight  rates  equal  to  an  average  of  about  1  percent,  of  the 
value  of  the  goods.  The  rates  of  exchange  are  also  in  favour  of 
the  United  States  bills  being  obtained  on  New  York  at  i  per  cent, 
discount,  whilst  a  bill  on  London  is  at  a  premium  of  1}  per  cent. 

American  manufacturers,  it  is  understood,  seldom  or  never  make 
any  charge  for  packages  or  packing,  and  the  absence  of  these 
charges,  even  if  it  does  not  in  all  cas68_  reduce  the  landed  cost  of 
the  goods  from  that  country,  removes"  a  cause  of  irritation  to 
importers  who  obj-jct  to  seeing  these  small  extra  charges  on  invoices. 
Complaints  are  al83  made  that  the  majority  of  British  houses  do 
not  pay  sufficient  attention  to  detail  and  to  keeping  their  catalogues 
and  price  lists  up-to-date,  the  Americans  and  Germans  being  ahead 
of  them  in  these  respects.  Most  British  firms  are  said  to  supply 
the  same  catalogues  year  after  year  with  very  few,  if  any,  addi- 
tions thereto,  whereas  the  American  and  German  firms  are  always 
issuing  new  and  up-to-date  lists  profusely  illustrated  with  draw- 
ings, photographs,  &c.,  and  containing  minute  descriptions  of  even 
the  smallest  articles. 

Another  matter  in  which  the  British  manufacturer  is  said  to 
show  to  disadvantage  as  compared  with  foreign  firms,  is  in  the 
manner  in  which  certain  articles  are  prepared  for  sale.  Goods 
imported  from  America  and  Germany  are,  as  a  rule,  very  attrac- 
tively got  up,  S3  that  given  two  articles  of  the  same  kind  and  sell- 
ing price,  the  smart  and  attractive  appearance  of  the  foreign  made 
one  will  usually  result  in  its  being  taken  in  preference  to  a  less 
attractively  got  up  article  of  British  manufacture. 

On  the  whole,  British  trade  would  be  assisted  by  the  sending  of 
fewer  catalogues  and  more  commercial  travellers.  The  value  of  the 
catalogue  as  an  advertising  medium  is  quite  realised,  particularly 
in  certain  lines  of  business,  and  no  doubt  it  yields  profitable  results. 
but  as  a  method  of  creating  openings  for  British  trade  it  is  over- 
done, and  a  smart  traveller,  with  a  good  knowledge  of  his  business, 
will  do  more  to  extend  British  trade  in  a  week  than  advertising  by 
catalogue  will  do  in  12  months.  American  and  German  manu- 
facturers will,  as  a  rule,  go  to  quite  a  lot  of  trouble  to  suit  their 
customers'  tastes,  and  their  obliging  disposition  not  infrequently 
secures  for  them  a  certain  amount  of  trade  which  otherwise  might 
have  remained  with  British  firms.  It  is  mostly  in  the  cheaper 
classes  of  goods  that  Britain  is  losini;'  ground.  Where  quality  is  a 
prime  consideration  she  can  still  hold  her  own,  but  in  nearly  all 
the  Crown  Colonies  and  Protectorates  situated  within  the  tropical 
belt,  cheap  articles  find  a  ready  sale,  so  that  the  British  manu- 
facturer cannot  afford  to  despise  the  production  of  cheap  and  low 
grade  quality  even  although  he  may  feel  disinclined  to  engage  in 
such  a  trade. 

Holie  Tramways. — The  completion  of  the  delivery  of 
an  order  for  42  Warner  trucks  by  the  "M  and  G"  Truck  and 
En(;ineering  Co.,  Lti3.,  makes  42  systems  upon  which  the  Warner 
axle  has  been  fitted  to  date,  including,  we  understand,  no  fewer 
than  10  lines  in  the  United  States.  The  first  British  passenger 
coach  fitted  by  the  same  firm  for  the  Warner  International  and 
Overseas  Engineering  Co.,  L'd.,  has  just  been  completed  and 
successfully  run  for  Whitsun  traffic  to,  we  are  informed,  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  the  railway  company's  engineers. 

After  the  Fire. — The  works  of  Me.'^sr.s.  Enoineeuin' 

AND  Arc  Lasips,  Lid,  Sphere  Engineering  Works,  St.  Albanf 
Herts,  are  now  in  full  running  order  again  after  the  disastrous  fire, 
which  did  damage  to  the  tuae  of  more  than  £3,600,  on  March  8th. 
One  photograph  before  us  shows  how  extensive  was  the  damage, 
while  a  second  shows  part  of  the  works  with  all  its  repairs  com- 
pleted. The  company  manufactures  here  its  well-known  arc  lamps 
and  accessories,  but  it  also  undertakes  the  production  of  repetition 
work,  stampings,  spinnings,  \:c. 

Electric  Clocks. — The  following  further  communication 
has  reached  us  from  The  Ma(;neta  Time  Co.,  Ltd.  :— "Referrinfj 
to  the  communication  from  your  correspondents  in  this  weekri 
issue  of  the  ELECTRICAL  Review,  until  quite  recently  the  Office 
of  Works  has  issued  official  tenders  for  the  supply  of  electric  time 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,862,  May  2;1,  191:J.J 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


846 


HyRtema  for  the  PuHt  Ollico.  Hinoe  the  termination  of  that  arranffo- 
mont  wo  havo  natiiriilly  boen  receivin(j  tho  ofllcial  onUirH  and  oom- 
municutionH  from  tho  StoroH  and  other  departmuntH  of  the  I'oHt 
Office.  However,  wo  are  well  content  with  the  fact  that  all  the 
chief  poHtal  diHtributintf  contreB  of  London,  iiicludin(f  the  f^allurieH 
containing  thathupo  maHH  of  teletfraph  inHtrunieritH  at  tho  central 
tele);raph  ntation,  are  p(iuii)ped  with  Maicneta,  and  wo  think  your 
correspondents  will  underBtand  that  we  are  not  very  deeply  con- 
cerned with  tho  particular  routine  which  the  Uovernment  adopt 
in  ordering  their  apparatus,  or  oven  tho  colour  of  the  oflicial  form 
erabodyinii:  the  order.  We  mention  lliiB  as  wo  have  both  kindB 
on  our  tilep,  and  it  may  bo  interestini;  to  note  that  the  official 
orders  of  the  Office  of  Works  are  on  light  bulT  paper,  and  those  of 
the  I'ost  Office  on  white  !  " 

The  Li|i:htinic  of  York  Minster. — One  of  the  most 

interesting-  of  recent  inatallations  of  Osram  lamps  for  ecclesiastical 
authorities  is  that  in  tho  choir  of  York  Minster.  The  installation 
of  electric  light  has  been  so  arranged  that  it  enables  the  beautiful 


The  Choir  ai  York  Minster. 

carving  of  the  stalls,  and  the  delicate  tracery  of  the  walls  and 
vaulting,  to  be  seen  in  all  their  pristine  beauty,  and  at  the  same 
time  preserves  them  from  deterioration  caused  by  deposits  formed 
from  other  illuminants. 

Bankrnptcy  Procceedings.— J.  G.  M.  Hilton,  elec- 
trical engineer,  Birmingham. — Receiving  order  made  May  15th  on  a 
creditor's  petition. 

Lists  Wanted    at    Catambella. — The    manager    and 

engineer  of  the  Lobito,  Benguella  and  Catumbella  Electric  Light 
and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  Post  Office  Box  2.5,  Catumbella,  Portuguese 
West  Africa,  asks  us  to  state  that  he  will  be  pleased  to  receive  price- 
lists,  catalogues,  pamphlets,  &c ,  from  manufacturers  of  installa- 
tion, lighting  and  power  house  accessories,  E  h.t.  line  materials,  &c. 

Catalogues    and    Lists.— >St.    Hklens    Cable    and 

Rubber  Co.,  Ltd  ,  Warrington. — New  illustrated  list  (24  pages)  of 
electrical  cables  and  safety  insulating  appliances.  In  addition  to 
particulars  of  the  patent  cab  tire  sheathed  cables,  several  items  are 
described,  including  patent  electric  vulcanisers,  specially  designed 
for  jointing  and  repairing  C.T.S.  cables  ;  insulating  shoes  of  a  novel 
type,  the  wear  being  easily  apparent,  and  the  buckle  allowing  for 
various  sizes  of  feet  to  be  used  in  the  same  shoe  ;  insulating  gloves 
with  cab  tire  facing,  also  rubber  switchboard  matting  with  cab  tire 
facing.  A  couple  of  photographs  are  included,  to  show  the  firm's 
considerable  business  with  colliery  cables  of  Dialite  and  cab  tire 
sheathed  types.  Prices  for  rubber-insulating  cables,  including  the 
C.T.S.  type,  were  reduced  on  May  10th  by  about  7^  per  cent. 

The  Schniewindt  Electric  Co.,  Staniforth  Street,  Birming- 
ham.— Postal  card,  drawing  attention  to  the  Schniewindt  resistance 
material. 

Mr.  John  Jardine,  Dearing  Street,  Nottingham. — Sheet  No.  (53 
(B  Department)  gives  illustration  and  particulars  of  a  new  pattern 
of  cast-iron  pulley. 

The  British  Aluminium  Co.,  Ltd.,  109,  Queen  Victoria  Street, 
London,  E.C. — New  illustrated  circulars  ;  one  relating  to  con- 
nectors for  stranded  aluminium  conductors,  and  the  other  showing 
the  use  of  aluminium  feeders  for  railway  electrification. 

Messrs.  Wallace  Bros.,  Ltd  ,  Royal  London  House,  Finsbnry 
Square,  London,  E.C. — New  edition  of  their  catalogue  (56  pages) 
entitled  "  Blue  Book  of  Safety  Appliances."  It  contains  fuljy 
illustrated  particulars  of  smoke  helmets,  respirators,  eye  and  hand 
protectors,  rescue  apparatus,  first-aid  equipments  and  cabinets,  saw 
guards  and  other  devices. 

The  Sun  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd..  118  and  120,  Charing  Cross 
Road,  London,  W.C. — Folder  No.  243  gives  illustrateoT  particulars 
and  prices  of  their  stoneware  electric  heating  apparatus.  Folder 
No.  244  shows  and  describes  the  "  Rawlplug "  method  of  fixing 
screws  in  plaster,  brick,  metal,  and  in  any  substance  in  which  a 
hole  can  be  drilled  or  jumped.  These  plugs  are  manufactured  in  a 
large  variety  of  sizes.  Instructions  for  using  are  given.  Details  and 
prices  of  their  buckle  clips  for  use  in  conjunction  with  Rawlplugs 
for  fixing  tubes  and  cables  are  also  included.  The  Sun  Co.  are 
manufacturers  of  the  Buckle  clips  and  wholesale  distributing  agents 
for  the  plug  referred  to. 


Mkhhuh.  SiMPi.KX  CoNDOiTH,  Ltu  ,  London  and  BliminKhMn.— 
{''older  relating  to  a  "  demon  in  tho  houiKt,"  which  upon  further 
inquiry  provcB  to  be  the  kitchen  rangi;.  The  lelt«!rpr«-Hii  aimH  at 
oHKuring  the  readier  that  none  of  the  drawba<:kH  of  the  Haid  rangR 
are  found  in  the  ''  Pk-x«im  "  electric  (»oker,  nor  will  the  latt«r 
perplexsim  or  disgust  liiin  as  docH  tho  other  ''elal)Orat«  and  <:<mt\y 
abomination.  "  ContrnetorH  and  central  Htation  engineerH  can  have 
supplies  of  the  folder  bearing  their  namow  and  addremeH. 

Thi',  Genkuai,  Elkctuk!  Co.,  Ltd.,  'i7,  Queen  Victoria  Street, 
London,  EC.  Lcnilet  No.  l.OHK  gives  illuBtrationii  with  brief 
purtioularB  and  prices  of  a  number  of  artintic  and  novel  electric 
bell  pushes  in  silver,  glaM,  &c. 

Mksshk.  Sii;mI';nh  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  Mi  and  VJ, 
Up[)or  ThamcH  Street,  E.C.  Two  new  price  leaflcta  ;  No.  2 1. 0.6 
showing  a  nickel-plated  electric  toaster  ;  and  No.  215  7  illustrating 
and  pricing  new  designs  of  electric  water-heateri,  sauceponii, 
&(■.,  with  renewable  elements. 

Trade  Announcements. — Thk    (JiivrTo    KLKcuurAL 

Co.,  of  Bermondsey  Street,  London,  S.E.,  announce  that  their 
works  will  be  closed  for  stock-taking  on  Friday  and  Saturday, 
30th  and  :Ust  insta. 

Mr.  Paul  Fredk.  Otto  has  taken  over  the  busineHu  of  Meeers. 
Lindsay  &  Co.,  electrical  engineers,  of  Rose  Place,  Liverpool. 

Expansion  of  business  in  the  South-Western  district  haa  led 
Messrs.  W.  T.  Hknlev's  Telk.(;rai'h  Works  Co.,  Ltd.,  to  open  a 
new  branch  at  ."i6,  Victoria  Street,  Bristol,  where  large  stocks  will 
be  held.  Mr.  E.  11.  Brown,  for  more  than  12  years  in  the  sales 
department  at  the  company's  head  office,  is  manager  of  the  new 
branch.  Mr.  T.  J.  Hudson  will  in  future  devote  hia  attention 
entirely  to  the  South-Eastem  district. 

Messrs.  Wm.  McWhirter  it  Son  have  greatly  extended  and 
re-organised  their  works  in  Glasgow,  and  these  are  now  under  the 
direct  management  of  Mr.  A.  S.  McWhirter  and  a  technical  staff. 
The  firm  have  recently  opened  new  works  at  Wharf  Street,  Cardiff, 
where  a  complete  modern  plant  has  been  installed.  The  works  are 
situate  on  the  Glamorganshire  Canal,  and  close  to  the  railways  and 
docks.  Mr.  A.  C.  McWhirter  is  managing  the  Cardiff  branch. 
It  is  30  years  ago  since  the  firm  opened  their  first  works  in  Glasgow. 
They  now  confine  themselves  almost  exclusively  to  electrical  and 
mechanical  plant  repairs. 

Increasing  business  has  led  Messrs.  S.  Bill  k  Co.,  Ltd.,  to 
take  larger  premises  at  14(j,  Queen's  Road,  Aston,  Birmingham,  and 
all  communications  and  goods  should  be  sent  there.  The  new 
premises  are  equipped  with  up-to-date  appliances  for  the  manufacture 
of  electric  switches,  fuses,  and  other  electrical  accessories,  also 
cabinet  work  for  motor-car,  telephone  and  electrical  purposes. 

Dissolutions  and  Liquidations.— fiiLHERT  Arc  Lamp 

Co.,  Ltd. — With  reference  to  the  notice  appearing  in  our  issue  of 
April  25th,  we  are  asked  to  state  that  this  liquidation  is  merely  a 
formal  matter,  the  whole  of  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  com- 
pany having  been  taken  over  by  Messrs.  Engineering  and  Arc 
Lamps,  Ltd.,  of  St.  Albans. 

H.  A.  Harvey  &  Co.,  Ltd. — Mr.  D.  L.  Honeyman,  18,  St. 
Swithin's  Lane,  E.C,  was,  on  9th  inst.,  appointed  by  the  Court 
receiver  and  manager  on  behalf  of  the  debenture-holders  of  this 
company. 

Electrocars,  Ltd. — A  meeting  will  be  held  at  3,  Great  St. 
Helens,  London,  E.C,  on  June  16th,  to  hear  an  account  of  the 
winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  J.  E.  Denney. 

Lindsay  &  Co.,  electrical  and  mechanical  engineers,  95,  Rose 
Street,  Liverpool. — Messrs.  H.  L.  Crauford  and  P.  F.  Otto  have  dis- 
solved partnership.  Mr.  Otto  will  attend  to  debts  and  continue  the 
business  under  the  same  style. 

Gem  Dynamo  Brush  Co.,  Ltd. — This  company  is  winding  up 
voluntarily,  with  Mr.  J.  W.  Massey,  40,  Cherry  Street,  Birmingham, 
as  liquidator.    A  meeting  of  creditors  is  called  for  June  2nd. 

Samuel  Hartford  .v  Co.,  Ltd.— Mr.  F.  H.  Thornton,  51,  North 
John  Street,  Liverpool,  was  on  April  4th  appointed  receiver  on 
behalf  of  the  debenture-holders. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Ar$::entina. — For  the  past  few  yeai's  the  Compania  Ale- 

mana  Transatlantica  de  Electricidad  has  been  reducing  the  price  of 
current  for  lighting  purposes  in  private  houses  in  accordance  w^th 
the  terms  of  its  contract,  the  price  for  1913  being  29  cents  paper 
per  Kw.-hour.  It  has  not,  however,  reduced  the  price  for  current  for 
heating  purposes,  &c.,  in  private  houses,  the  rate  for  this  being  28.4 
cents,  which  is  a  fraction  more  than  half  a  cent  under  the  lighting 
tariff.  As  this  company  is  pushing  the  application  of  electricity 
for  heating  purposes  in  houses,  the  Beriew  of  the.  Mirer  Plate  sug- 
gests the  advisability  of  a  lower  rate  for  heating. 

Balearic  Isles. — A  central  electric  lighting  station  has 
just  been  completed  and  put  in  operation  in  the  little  town  of 
Campos,  in  the  Balearic  Isles. 

Barnsley. — In  the  annual  report  of  Mr.  E.  A.  Barker, 
borough  electrical  engineer,  figures  are  given  which  show  that 
there  was  an  increase  of  257,236  in  unita  sold  in  1912-13,  as 
compared  with  a  year  ago.  The  following  figures  are  also  given 
(the  figures  in  parenthesis  being  those  for  1911-12)  :— Consumers 
connected   1,142  (1.063);  equivalent  8-C.P.  lamps.  91,427   (85,870); 


846 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,852,  Mat  23,  1913. 


new  consnmerB,  79  (92)  ;  motors  on  mains,  159  (148)  ;  equivalent 
8-C.P.  lamps,  24,120  (20,960);  public  arc  lamps,  &o.,  110  (110); 
public  incandescent  lamps,  721  (7o7)  ;  units  sold,  2,055,570 
(1,716,245).  The  average  price  paid  for  coal  was  8s.  li^d.  per  ton 
(6s.  3d.  per  ton),  whilst  the  amount  of  coal  used  to  jrenerate  1  unit 
of  electricity  in  1913  was  6-27  lb.  (858  lb.). 

Bexley.— The  U.D.C.  has  applied  to  the  L.(i.B.  for  a 

loan  of  1 4 50  for  the  enlargrement  of  the  battery,  and  £575,  part 
of  the  cost  of  reconstructinff  the  h.t.  switchboard.  The  balance  of 
the  cost  of  the  latter  work  (£275)  will  be  charged  to  the  revenue 
of  the  year  in  which  the  work  is  completed. 

Birinins:haiii, — The  accounts  of  the  electricity  under- 
taking for  the  year  ended  March  31st  last  showed  a  grross  profit  of 
£136.363,  as  against  £150,295  in  the  previous  year.  After  meeting 
all  the  charges  for  interest  and  sinking  fund,  there  remains  a 
balance  of  £27,634.  Of  this  sum  £6,000  has  been  carried  to  the 
renewals  fund,  leaving  a  surplus  for  the  year  of  £21,634,  which  it 
is  proposed  to  give  in  aid  of  the  improvement  rate.  This  sum 
represents  a  little  more  than  was  paid  to  the  improvement  rate  in 
the  previous  year.  The  surplus  for  the  year  ended  March  Slst, 
1912,  amounted  to  £21,581.  The  total  expenditure  for  the  year 
under  review  amounted  to  £170,482  (£138,430  previous  year),  of 
which  £98,049  represents  the  cost  of  generation,  £21,3<>7  the  cost 
of  distribution,  and  £21,182  the  cost  of  management.  Of  the  total 
income  (£306,845,  as  against  £288,725,  previous  year),  £300,596 
resulted  from  the  sale  of  current,  £203,755  representing  lighting 
and  power  meter  sales,  and  £98  iiS7,  the  value  of  the  units 
sold  for  traction  purposes.  In  addition  to  the  £300,596,  £5,507 
resulted  from  the  hire  and  hire-purchase  of  motors,  arc  and  incan- 
descent lamps  and  other  apparatus.  The  total  number  of  units  sold 
during  the  year  amounted  to  t'>.3,250,492,  as  against  40,190,547  in 
the  previous  year,  of  which  42,197,153  were  for  lighting  and  power, 
and  21,053,339  for  traction.  The  average  price  per  unit  sold 
was  ri6d.  The  Electricity  Committee  reporting  on  the 
year's  working,  states  that  the  financial  result  for  the 
year  has  been  affected  by  several  causes.  First,  the  reduction  in 
rates  of  supply,  which  took  effect  from  April  Ist,  1912,  has 
naturally  reduced  the  revenue  substantially  ;  while  there  is  no 
doubt  that  the  output  has  been  increased  in  consequence  of  the 
reduction  in  charges,  the  amount  by  which  the  receipts  have 
been  reduced  being  approximately  £30,000.  In  addition,  the  effect 
of  the  coal  strike  on  the  quality  and  price  of  the  coal  purchased 
during  the  year  cost  the  department  about  £9,400.  Increased 
wages  to  workmen,  over  and  above  normal  advances,  cost  about 
£l,2ii0,  and  service  connections  £4,100,  making  a  total  of  £44,700. 
As  regards  the  result  of  the  reduction  in  rates,  the  Committee 
states  that  it  is  obvious  that  this  is  felt  most  severely  in  the  first 
year  of  operation,  but.  from  past  experience,  it  is  satisfied  that  the 
increased  output  in  the  next  year  or  two  will  more  than  com- 
pensate for  the  fall  in  revenue.  The  output  for  private  lighting 
and  power  has  shown  a  substantial  increase,  the  units  sold  being 
26'3  per  cent,  higher  than  in  the  previous  year.  The  money  value 
for  this  supply  shows  an  increase  of  4 '25  per  cent.  There  is  an 
increase  in  the  output  for  the  tramway  supply  of  29'4  per  cent., 
and  an  increase  in  the  money  value  of  15'8  per  cent.  The  revenue 
account  has  been  debited  with  a  charge  of  £2,351  in  respect  of  new 
meters,  and  £5,076,  the  cost  of  service  connections,  which  is  now 
entirely  borne  out  by  the  department,  and  not  partially  charged  to 
consumers,  as  in  previous  years.  The  net  increase  in  lamp  con- 
nections (lighting  only)  is  21,173  60-watt  lamps,  and  in  motors 
connected  12,314  H.P.,  or  9,208  kw.  These  increases  compare  very 
favourably  with  previous  years.  The  total  length  of  new  mains 
laid  during  the  year  has  been  85,367  yards. 

Blean  (Kent). — The  B.  of  (;.  on  May  15th  appointed 
a  Committee  to  consider  the  advisability  of  having  the  workhouss 
premises  lighted  by  electricity,  which,  it  is  considered,  could  be 
generated  at  very  little  cost. 

Bolton. — In  connection  with  the  new  electric  power 
station  at  Back-o'-th'-Bank,  the  L.G.B.  has  sanctioned  the  borrow- 
ing of  £24,344  for  buildings,  £26,266  for  turbo-alternators,  &c.,  and 
£16,238  for  boilers,  economisers,  and  steam  pumps. 

Bridlington. — The  sanction  of  the  L.G.B.  has  been 
received  for  the  borrowing  of  £4,400  for  17  years,  and  £600  for 
30  years,  for  extensions  to  the  electricity  works. 

Bnrnbaiii  (Somerset). — The  U.D.C.  has  approved  of 

the  proposal  of  Dr.  Purves,  of  Exeter,  to  form  an  Electric  Supply 
Co.  with  a  capital  of  £5,000,  instead  of  £10,000,  as  originally 
intended. 

China. — According  to  the  TntUan  Texlile  Journal  the 
negotiations  for  the  lighting  of  Wuchang  city  by  electricity  have 
been  completed,  an  exclusively  Chinese  company  having  been 
formed  with  Government  assistance  for  this  purpose.  The  com- 
plete power  station  plant  will  be  supplied  by  Messrs.  Siemens 
China  Electrical  Co.,  and  wUl  include,  to  start  with,  two  400-h.p. 
three-phase  generating  seta  which  will  supply  by  means-  of  a 
network  of  overhead  lines.  The  power  plant  will  be  laid  out  to 
accommodate  turbines  at  a  later  date,  and  will  be  run  entirely 
under  Chinese  supervision. 

Continental  Notes. — Austria. — The Siemens-Schuckert 

Co.,  of  Vienna,  ia  reported  to  have  purchased  the  central  electric 
lighting  station  at  Soborten,  near  Teplitz,  Bohemia,  for  the  sum  of 
t;  40,000,  with  the  view  of  considerably  extending  the  same. 

France. — The  central  station  at  Wasquehal.  of  the  Socicto  Elec- 
triqae  du  Nord  de  la  France,  which  is  supplying  current  for  lighting 
and  traction  purposes  to  an  area  of  over  200  miles,  and  which  has  a 


capacity  of  34,000  h.p.,  is  to  be  further  extended  to  52,000  h.p. 
Orders  for  two  new  steam  turbines  and  generators,  each  of 
6,000-KW.  capacity,  have  just  been  placed  with  the  Compagnie 
E  lect  ro  -  Mecan  iq  ue. 

Roi^MANiA. — La  Socidte  d'Electricitc  de  Ploeshti,  which  owns  the 
concession  for  the  supply  of  electricity  for  lighting  purposes  in 
Ploeshti,  has  applied  for  the  concession  to  construct  and  work  a 
system  of  electric  tramways  in  the  town. 

Rt'SsiA. — La  Soci6t6  des  Tramways  et  Eclairage  Electriqnes  de 
Vladioaucase  in  its  report  for  1912,  states  that  the  year 
witnessed  the  greatest  development  in  the  company's  electric 
lighting  undertaking  since  its  establishment,  the  number  of  clients 
increasing  during  the  12  months  from  755  to  938.  Current  is  now 
V)eing  supplied  to  20,101  incandescent,  and  109  arc  lamps,  as  also  to 
77  electric  motors.  Owing  to  the  great  increase  in  the  cost  of 
petroleum,  electric  lighting  is  now  being  adopted  by  small  house- 
holders, and  with  a  view  of  meeting  the  increased  demand,  a  new 
Diesel  engine  and  generator  is  to  be  installed  at  the  generating 
station. 

Spain. — Good  progress  is  being  ma<ie  with  the  establishment  of 
the  new  hydro-electric  stations  of  the  Barcelona  Traction,  Light 
and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.  The  plant  at  Seros,  which  will  have  a  capacity 
of  56,000  11. P.,  is  expected  to  be  completed  by  the  end  of  the  present 
year,  while  one  of  81.000  n.p.  that  is  being  established  on  the 
River  Pallaresa,  will,  it  is  anticipated,  be  completed  in  1914. 

Eltliam. — The  Avery  Hill  Training  College  hostels  are 
to  have  an  E.L.  installation  at  a  cost  of  £1,139. 

Felixstowe. — The  Suffolk  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  in 
co-operation  with  the  U.D.C,  has  arranged  to  supply  current  for 
lighting  and  heating  to  tents  on  the  beach  at  a  fixed  charge  of* 
10s.  for  the  season,  the  charge  for  connecting  up  being  5s.  Some 
250  sites  for  tents  have  been  let  this  year  by  the  U.D.C. 

Fife. — At  the  Blairenbathie  Colliery,  Kelty,  a  large 
electric  installation  is  being  rapidly  pushed  forward. 

Galashiels. — It  has  been  decided  not  to  make  the 
local  electrical  supply  a  municipal  scheme.  Support  will,  however, 
be  given  to  the  proposed  local  company  on  the  understanding  that 
a  satisfactory  arrangement  is  made  as  to  the  maximum  charges  for 
public  and  private  light  and  power.  Terms  will  also  be  stated  on 
which  the  undertaking  can  be  acquired  by  the  T.C. 

Hastinf^S. — At  last  Friday's  meeting  of  the  T.C,  it  was 
decided  to  light  the  unfinished  west  arm  of  the  Harbour  works  with 
electricity.  A  watertight  fitting  is  to  be  erected  at  the  end  to  hold 
three  80- watt  lamps,  the  whole  cost  beinu'  estimated  at  £150.  At 
present  the  lighting  by  oil  lamps  costs,  with  labour,  £43  a  year, 
and  by  laying  a  submarine  cable  and  installing  the  electric  light,  the 
annual  cost  will  be  reduced  to  about  £12.  The  Harbour  works,  it 
may  be  explained,  are  derelict.  The  Commissioners  have  no  funds, 
and  the  Corporation  illuminates  the  works  for  the  protection  of  the 
fishery.  Both  the  B.  of  T.  and  Trinity  House  have  refused  to  tAke 
up  the  matter. 

The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  an  order  to  the  T.C.  authorising  the 
Corporation  to  supply  current  to  property  at  Ore,  which  is  outside 
the  borough. 

Hebburn-on-Tjne. — In  regard  to  the  recent  e.vplosion, 
at  Hebburn-on-Tyne,  by  which  two  lives  were  lost,  the  Council  has 
resolved  to  call  the  attention  of  the  B.  of  T.  to  the  matter,  and  to 
request  it  to  hold  an  inquiry  into  the  circumstances  of  the 
explosion,  and  the  general  conditions  and  method  of  laying  cables 
in  the  district,  and  to  ascertain  whether  any,  and  if  any,  what 
steps  should  be  taken  or  regulations  made  to  ensure  the  safety  of 
the  public.  The  Northern  Counties  Electricity  Supply  Co.  gave  the 
Council  notice  that  it  intended  to  lay  ii.i.  cables  underground  from 
Ellison  .Street  along  Lyon  Street  into  the  Hebburn  "  C  "  Pit,  and 
the  Council  resolved  that,  so  far  as  its  approval  may  be  necessary,  it 
does  not  approve  of  laying  the  said  cables  unless  they  are  lead- 
sheathed  and  in  earthenware  troughs. 

Hendon. — The  R.D.C.  has  sealed  an  agreement  with 
the  Colne  Valley  Electric  Lighting  Co.  for  the  supply  of  current  in 
part  of  the  Council's  area.  It  is  hoped  that  a  supply  for  Pinner 
will  be  available  this  year. 

Henley-on-Tliames. — The  Reading  Electric  Supply 
Co.  has  decided  to  ask  the  B.  of  T.  to  override  the  decision  of  the 
R.D.C,  which  has  refused  consent  to  the  company  supplying 
electricity  to  houses  at  Shiplake.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Council  on 
May  1 3th,  the  clerk  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  B.  of  T.  would 
not  accede  to  the  company's  request. 

Horsham. — A  L.G.B.  inquiry  was  held  on  May  lOth 

into  the  application  of  the  U.D.C.  for  a  loan  of  £2,000  for  the  pro- 
vision of  a  refuse  destructor  at  the  electricity  works.  It  was 
stated  that  the  Council  was  likely  to  profit  from  the  use  of  refuse 
as  fuel,  and  that  the  destructor  would  be  dealt  with  as  adjunct  to 
the  electricity  works.  The  value  of  the  refuse  to  be  dealt  with 
from  a  fuel  point  of  view  was  placed  at  £435  per  annum.  There 
was  some  opposition  on  the  ground  that  the  destructor  would  be  a 
nuisance. 

Ilford. — The  engineer  has  been  instructed  to  report  on 
the  electrical  equipment  required  in  connection  with  the  Council's 
proposal  to  install  a  refuse  destructor.  In  connection  with  the 
removal  of  the  centre  columns  in  High  Road,  the  electrical 
engineer  reporting  upon  the  sample  fittings  he  had  erected  near 
the  Broadway,  states  that  it  is  impossible  to  see  the  effect  of  these 
lamps  until  after  11  o'clock  in  the  evening,  in  consequence  of  the 
number  of  private  lamps  in   the   neighbourhood,   which  are  kept 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,8r)2,  Mav  211,  \9\:i.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


847 


ali^'ht  to  that  time.  The  Eloutricity  Committ«o  haH  doferroil  the 
KuiiHiduratioM  of  the  report  until  it  han  had  a  chanoo  of  inHpeot- 

iiijT  the  fittinjfH. 

India, —  IJn.MiiAV    Mii,r,  Instammtmlns. —  In  connection 

with  our  recent  note  re(far<lin(;  the  motor  and  trannformer  equip- 
ment for  the  textile  and  flour  millH  in  the  I'.oniliay  diHtriot,  which 
are  to  derive  their  power  from  the  mainH  of  thr  Tata  (.'o.,  we  are 
now  enabled  to  ijive  further  particulars  of  the  valuable  contract 
which  haH  been  secured  by  the  British  VVestinKhouse  Co.  The 
motors  are  all  of  the  VVestinKhousc  slip  -  rint,'  protected 
type,  suitable  for  double  drive,  and  for  three-phase  current,  at 
2,0(i0  volts  and  .'iO  periods.  There  are  at  present  a  total  of  207 
motors  of  this  type  on  order,  the  sizes  ranginpr  from  50  ii.n.i'.  to 
."lOO  H.ii.i'.  The  motor  pperds  are  2'.iO  it  I'.m.  and  litin  it  i-.m.,  there 
lioinfT  several  of  each  horse-power  capacity  at  each  speed,  coupled 
direct  to  the  line  shaflinpr  in  the  ureat  majority  of  cases  without 
the  intervention  of  countershaftinp.  The  motor  switch  pillars  are 
of  the  VVestinuhouse  ironclad  type  'S"  pattern,  which  arc  so 
largely  used  in  miniiip  and  other  industrial  work  in  this  country, 
and  startinu  is  a(Fecte<i  by  liijuid  controllers.  The  transformers  are 
WestiDR house  thrce-phafe  oil-immersed  .-lelf-cooled  units,  and  reduce 
the  supply  pressure  from  (i.OOO  volts  to  2,000  volts  for  the  motors. 
They  number  (>l  in  all,  and  are  of  four  sizes,  thus  :  22  of  nOO  k.v.a., 
II  of  <;00  K.V.A. ,  21  of  700  K.V.A.,  and  seven  of  9oO  k  v.a.  The 
mills  in  which  the  above-mentioned  (quipment  is  to  be  installed  are 
8.S  follows  :  — Pearl,  Finlay,  Simplex,  Naiguam,  Swan,  Bombay 
Cotton,  .Tamshed,  Nahomednhay,  I'abahey,  Crescent,  Fazulbhoy, 
David  \o.  L.  and  2.  Down,  Standard,  Pb(i;nix,  Gold  Mohur,  Jubilee, 
Crown,  Western  India,  Apollo,  Hipon,  Dharamsey,  Hope,  Alliance, 
Matildas  Goculdae,  New  City  of  Bombay,  Colaba,  New  Great 
Eastern,  Sun,  Bombay  Flour,  Merchants  Flour,  and  Union  Flour. 
These  particulars  give  some  idea  of  the  importance  of  this  immense 
scheme  for  mill  electrification,  to  which  we  hope  to  refer  in  detail 
at  an  early  date. 

Ipswicli, — The  report  of  Mr.  Ayton,  the  Corporation 
electrical  engineer,  on  the  working  of  the  electricity  department  for 
the  year  ended  March  31st  last,  discloses  a  loss  of  £l,7ii8,  due  more 
thananything  to  bad  luck.  The  total  revenue  amounted  to  £21, 7:i:f, 
and  working  expenses  to  C 1 6,81)0,  leaving  a  balance  of  X.  7,833  to  meet 
financial  charges.  Interest  and  sinking  fund  amounted  to  1 7,908, 
and,  in  addition,  £1,633  capital  charges  on  new  plant,  &c.,  was  met 
out  of  revenue,  leaving  a  balance  on  the  wrong  side  as  mentioned. 
This  was  made  good  from  the  reserve  fund,  which  is  reduced  to 
£81.5.  The  department's  bad  luck  arofe  from  the  coal  strike, 
which  it  is  estimated  cost  an  extra  i;  1 ,000,  and,  unfortunately, 
troubles  with  the  recently  installed  turbine  plant  deprived  the 
department  of  its  assistance,  and  reconstruction  work  involving  the 
running  of  the  plant  non-condensing  aleo  told  its  tale.  Two  tur- 
bine units  are  now  running  satisfactorily,  but  the  capital  charges 
for  the  year  were  increased  by  them,  although  they  were  not  then 
in  use.  The  units  sold  for  all  purposes  were  2,600,1 19,  as  com- 
pared with  2.050,885  in  1911-12;  power  units  jumped  from 
763,183  to  1,247,077,  the  motor  h.p.  increasing  from  1,903  to  2,299. 
The  power  station  capacity  increased  from  1,51 1  to  3,511  Kw.  Mr. 
Ayton  draws  attention  to  the  necessity  of  having  a  hiring  scheme 
in  operation,  in  order  to  develop  electric  heating  and  cooking  ;  also 
he  refers  to  the  possibilities  of  the  electric  vehicle  and  the  advan- 
tage to  the  undertaking  of  encouraging  its  use. 

Japan. — The  Tokio  Electric  Bureau  have  lately  issued  a 
report  for  the  20  months  from  August,  1911,  when  the  electric 
lighting  and  tramway  undertakings  in  the  city  were  municipalised, 
and  during  that  period  a  profit  of  £54(>,052  was  made. 

Johnstone. — Jlessrs.  Strain  &  Robertson,  the  engineers  to 
the  Clyde  Valley  Electrical  Power  Co.,  have  notified  the  T.C.  that 
at  the  expiration  of  one  month  they  propose  carrying  out  certain 
operations  within  the  burgh.  The  Council  has  considered  the  pro- 
posal, which  involves  the  laying  of  cables  below  the  roadways,  and 
decided  to  object  to  the  plan.  Other  questions  with  reference  to 
the  future  negotiations  anent  electric  lighting  were  remitted  to 
••he  Electricity  Committee  for  further  consideration. 

Kettering-. — The  II.D.C.  has  applied  to  the  L.G.B.  for  a 

loan  of  £1,600  for  a  new  feeder  cable,  kc,  and  has  decided  to  install 
at  the  electricity  works  a  water  softening  plant,  dealing  with 
1,500  gallons  per  hour,  at  a  cost  of  from  £160  to  £170. 

Ledbury. — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  not  to  offer  any 
objection  to  a  prov.  order  for  electric  supply  being  applied  for  by 
Messrs.  Edwards  &  Armstrong,  provided  that  plana  for  the 
gfenerating  station  and  the  cable  roates  are  submitted  for 
approval. 

Leeds. — The  annual  report  of  the  working  of  the  elec- 
tricity department  for  the  year  ended  March  31st  last,  shows  a 
great  development  in  the  supply,  due  mainly  to  the  growing  power 
load,  the  increasfd  output  being  5,288,940  units,  or  over  29  per 
cent.  The  revenue  amounted  to  £124.597  (an  increase  of  £9.751), 
the  expenditure  was  £109,088  (an  increase  of  £10,307),  and  the 
surplus  profit  £15,508  (a  decrease  of  £556).  The  reduced  surplus 
is,  however,  more  than  accounted  for  by  an  increafe  of  £1,885  in 
capital  expenditure  out  of  revenue.  The  total  output  sold  was 
23,130,512  units,  as  compared  with  17,841,572  in  1911-12;  this 
included  5,086,774  units  for  lighting,  895,24  7  units  for  street 
lighting,  14,152,395  units  for  power  and  heating,  and  2,996,096 
units  for  traction.  The  power  units  sold  increased  by  25  per  cent , 
the  H.p.  of  motors  connected  having  risen  from  17,291  to  22,096. 
The  heating  apparatus  supplied  increased  from  380  to  683  kw. 
The  revenue  per  lamp  installed  decreased  from  48.  5'5d.  to  48.  38d.. 


but  thu  uiaxiiiMiiii  price  for  li^'htinK  waH  ri.-dii(X.-d  from  l<l.  to  ^i^d. 
per  unit  in  (>otol>cr,  1912  ;  the  revenue  per  motfir  ii.r.  iniitalleil 
alHO  fell  from  £2  lis.  I'M.  to  £2  IOh.  :id.  The  maximum  load  on 
the  generating  plant  increaHed  from  '.tj,i\<i  kw.  to  10,71ft  KW.,  the 
capacity  of  the  plant  remaining  at  l.'/,HO  kw.  Two  lulditirmal 
7,500kw.  turbincH  will  hhorlly  Ix'oddM),  bringing  the  plant  inntalle'l 
up  to  30,140  KW.  The  working  txpvnmm  jier  unit  remained 
Htationary  at  ■44d.  per  unit,  but  the  coMt  of  coal  in  1913  wm  ird.. 
aa  against  I  Id.  per  unit  in  1912,  the  exceHH  havinir  bc<;n  naverl  on 
other  items. 

The  report  leferH  to  the  increaoed  pricA  of  coal  and  increaned 
working  expenditure,  which  more  than  countcrbalancjd  the  revenue 
increase  ;  notwithstanding  thin,  the  capital  charg<»(  l»eing 
spread  over  a  much  greater  number  of  units,  resulted  in  the  total 
cost  per  unit  sold  being  '20d.  lers  than  a  year  ago.  An  int«retitiog 
analysis  of  capital  expenditure  allocates  to  the  generating  Rtation, 
£413,.55H,  or  37'9  per  cent.  ;  to  mains,  transformerH,  ,Vc.,  t62ii,6H6, 
or  57  5  per  cent.  ;  and  to  cost  of  provisional  order,  discount  on 
stock,  premiums,  \-o.,  £50,403,  or  4'6  per  cent.,  of  the  total 
expenditure. 

The  Itoundhay  and  District  Lighting  Co.  baa  otTered  to  lell  iUt 
undertaking  to  the  Corporation,  and  negotiations  are  proceeding. 

London. — Ham.mkusmith. — The  \i.(l.  has  re'iiicsted  the 
Electricity  Committee  to  consider  and  report  upon  the  desirability 
of  establishing  a  showroom  in  connection  with  the  electric  light 
undertaking  of  the  (Council  for  the  purpose  of  demonstrating  the 
uses  of  electricity,  and  particularly  in  the  establishment  of  such  a 
showroom  in  the  proposed  extended  Town  J  fall. 

Bkbmundkev. — The  electrical  engineer  advises  the  strengthening 
and  connecting  up  of  the  feeders  in  seven  roads,  also  the  laying  of 
additional  distributors,  to  cope  with  the  next  winter's  demand. 
The  cost  of  the  work  is  put  at  €8,682,  which  is  to  be  raised  by 
loan  and  taken  up  as  required. 

Lowestoft. — The  T.C.  has  received  from  the  L.G.B. 
sanction  to  a  loan  of  £3,000  for  mains  and  £2,000  for  house 
services. 

Nelson. — The  T.C.  has  resolved  that  application  be 
made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow  the  sum  of  £4,000, 
estimated  to  be  required  during  the  next  three  years  for  mains  and 
services. 

Netiport  (Mon.). — With  reference  to  the  experiments 
which  are  being  carried  on  for  the  lighting  of  a  portion  of  Caerleon 
Road,  the  Gas  Co.  has  written  the  Council  offering  to  supply  gas, 
light  and  extinguish,  repair  lantern,  paint  and  generally  maintain 
two-light  inverted  burner  lamps  for  €5  14s.  per  lamp  per  annum, 
the  first  cost  of  the  lamp  with  its  burners  and  fittings  complete 
being  t2  Os.  9d ,  and  the  illuminating  power  320  candles.  The 
company,  in  the  letter,  also  quoted  for  higher  candle-power  lamps. 
The  borough  electrical  engineer  reported  that  1 1  incandescent 
electric  lamps,  each  of  30O  c.p.,  and  one  500-c.p.  lamp  could  be 
supplied  for  a  payment  of  £70  per  annum,  as  against  the  gas  com- 
pany's proposed  charge  of  £68  8s.  Having  regard  to  the  fact  that 
the  Corporation  has  the  necessary  supply  ready  to  band,  applica- 
tion is  to  be  made  to  the  B.  of  T.  for  permission  to  use  overhead 
cables  for  the  supply  of  current  to  such  lamps,  and  the  Newport 
Gas  Co.  is  to  be  asked  to  discontinue  the  lighting  of  the  lamps 
in  the  road  in  question  from  and  after  September  29th  next. 

North  Cbina. — The  Peking  Chinese  Chartered  Electricity 
Undertaking  is  just  now  in  a  state  of  great  prosperity  owing  to  the 
settling  down  of  the  country  after  the  revolution.  Mr.  Sillar 
reports  the  addition  of  from  7  to  10  new  consumers  every  day,  and 
with  the  three  new  Senate  chambers  and  the  opening  of  the  Forbidden 
City  for  the  use  of  the  President  and  Cabinet,  the  supply  has  more 
than  doubled  in  the  last  six  months.  President  Yuan  Shih  Kai 
has  alone  installed  about  4,000  lights,  and  Mr.  Sillar,  who  was 
formerly  chief  at  Colchester,  is  one  of  the  lucky  few  who  has  a 
pass  into  the  Forbidden  City,  which  is  classed  by  all  who  have  seen 
it  to  be  the  finest  Imperial  palace  in  existence. 

Peterborough.— On  May  lith  Mr.  T.  C.  Ekin  held  an 
inquiry  into  the  application  of  the  T.C.  for  a  loan  of  £7,000 
for  extensions  to  the  generating  plant — £3.x50  for  a  500-KW. 
steam  turbine  and  generator  with  condenser;  1-1,480  for 
Lancashire  boilers  and  setting  :  £960  for  mechanical  stokers  ; 
t:l70  for  foundations  for  turbine  and  condenser  ;  £150  for  piping  ; 
£220  for  switchboard  additions  ;  and  £  170  for  contingencies.  There 
was  no  opposition. 

It  was  stated  that  Messrs.  Barford  &  Perkins,  engineers,  required 
300  H.P.,  of  which  100  H.r.  was  to  be  installed  now  :  the 
G.N.  Railway  also  required  a  supply  of  power.  The  city  engineer 
(Mr.  J.  C.  Gill)  said  he  hoped  there  would  be  another  of  the  large 
works  coming  on  the  mains,  and  they  hoped  to  get  an  extension  of 
power  business  with  small  consumers.  He  should  like  to  purchase 
a  number  of  motors  and  hire  them  out,  but  he  understood  that  the 
T.C.  could  not  use  its  surplus  for  that  purpose.  The  Inspector 
thought  the  Council  had  the  necessary  powers,  and  could  adopt  such 
a  scheme  if  it  wanted. 

Pontefract.— The  B.  of  G.  has  decided  to  obtain  expert 
advice  on  the  electric  light  arrangements  at  the  workhouse  with 
the  object  of  carrying  out  improvements  and  alterations  which  will 
result  in  economy. 

Portslade  (Susse.\). — In  reply  to  inquiries,  the  U.D.C. 
has  intimated  that  the  question  of  electric  light  is  receiving  atten- 
tion, but  that  there  does  not  appear  to  be  a  possibility  of  a  supply 
of  electricity  for  the  district  at  present. 


848 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  73.    No.  1,852,  May  2;<,  1913. 


Skye. — A  large  electrical  installation  is  being  carried  out 
on  the  Island  of  Raaeay,  cff  Skye,  on  the  West  Coast  of  Scotland. 
This  island  was  recently  acquired  by  Messrs.  William  Baiid  A:  Co., 
ironmasters,  and  the  extensive  deposits  of  iron  ore  are  to  be  worked. 
Electricity  is  being  used  for  the  purpose  of  operatinij  the  service 
railway,  cranes,  borinp  tools,  and  for  lighting. 

Stal}  bridg;e. — The  Corporation  has  approved  of  plans 
of  extensions.  A:c.,  at  the  generating  station.  Park  Road,  for  the 
.>taly bridge  Joint  Electricity  Board. 

Sooth  -ifrica. — The  Cape  Town  city  electrical  engineer 
has  decided,  owing  to  the  very  large  demand  for  free  wiring  in- 
stallations, to  temporarily  suspend  the  application  of  the  system, 
so  that  the  department  may  be  able  to  cope  with  the  additional 
work  of  connecting  up  the  new  consumers.  In  addition  to  this 
work,  the  department  is  also  extremely  busy  in  rearranging  the 
supply  to  the  consumers  recently  taken  over  from  the  Cape  Penin- 
sula Lighting  Co.  Some  of  the  suburbs  are  being  entirely  rewired 
with  overhead  cables.  It  is  expected  that  the  new  alternating- 
current  supply  will  be  in  use  in  Mowbray  and  Observatory  early  in 
May. 

Torqaay. — The  (ieneral  Purposes  Sub-Committee  of  the 
T.C.  has  under  consideration  the  question  of  installing  electrical 
cooking  apparatus  at  the  new  Town  Hall. 

Trowbridge. — The  U.D.C.  has  referred  to  a  Committee 
a  letter  from  Mr.  Ronald  C.  Taylor,  asking  for  powers  to  supply 
current  for  power  to  mills  in  the  town  at  |d.  per  unit,  as  the  local 
electric  supply  company  is  not  able  to  give  a  supply  at  the  price. 

Watford. — The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  a  prov.  order  to 
the  U.D.C.  enabling  it  to  supply  current  to  the  parishes  of  Abbotts 
Langley  and  Watford  Rural. 

>Vest  Hartlepool. — This  Corporation  is  the  first 
municipal  authority  to  adopt  a  system  of  generating  electricity 
from  waste  steam  obtained  from  outside  sources.  Its  new  power 
station  contains  two  turbo-generators,  each  of  1,500  kw.  These 
are  supplied  with  exhaust  steam  from  the  six  blowing  engines, 
which  are  served  by  16  boilers.  After  passing  through  the  con- 
densers, the  water  will  pass  through  a  Lea  recorder  back  to  the 
boilers  at  the  ironworks.  To  supply  the  condensers  with  cold 
water,  three  cooling  towers  have  been  erected,  each  capable  of 
cooling  115,000  gallons  of  water  per  hour.  The  total  cost  of  the 
new  scheme  is  £3b,795,  the  plant  alone  having  cost  1 30,000.  In 
return  for  the  use  of  the  exhaust  steam  of  the  Seaton  Carew  Iron 
Co.,  the  company  will  receive  a  supply  of  electric  current  free. 
The  coal  biU  for  the  old  station  was  about  i  4,000  a  year,  and  it  is 
expected  there  will  be  a  great  saving  by  the  new  scheme.  The  old 
station  will  be  maintain^  as  a  stand-by. 

WllitehaveD. — The  Whitehaven  Neiis  recently  contained 
a  report  of  a  debate  in  the  local  T.C.  on  the  question  of  increasing  the 
salary  of  Mr.  Sankey,  the  borough  electrical  engineer.  The  Com- 
mittee proposed  to  give  him  a  bonus  on  the  profits,  but  an  amend- 
ment was  carried  referring  the  matter  back,  apparently  on  the 
ground  that  the  nature  of  the  bonus  had  not  been  settled. 
Alderman  Walker  said  he  understood  that  the  Committee  was 
unanimous  that  Mr.  Sankey  should  receive  increased  remuneration, 
and  another  member  thought  the  proposal  as  it  stood  might  involve 
an  injustice  to  the  engineer- — the  exact  nature  of  the  bonus  not 
having  been  settled.  A  bonus  scheme  based  on  sound  lines  is,  un- 
doubtedly, an  incentive  to  increased  business,  and  the  Council 
might  do  worse  than  obtain  information  from  Marylebone  on  the 
subject. 

Whitstable.  —Negotiations  have  been  carried  on  by  the 
promoters  of  the  E.L.  Co.  and  the  U.D.C,  for  the  company  to 
undertake  the  public  lighting.  The  CouncU  was  cfEered  2  per  cent, 
of  the  gross  profits  of  the  undertaking  if  it  gave  the  company 
the  whole  of  the  street  lighting,  and  on  the  Council  deciding  to 
grant  half  the  lighting  to  the  company,  the  promoters  replied  that 
under  those  circumstances  they  could  give  the  Council  only  1  per 
cent,  of  the  gross  profits.  The  Council  has  decided  to  adhere  to  the 
original  offer  of  2  per  cent,  if  any  of  the  public  lighting  is  under- 
taken by  the  E.L  Co. 

Wolverbaiupton. — The  Corporation  Electricity  Com- 
mittee has  been  authorised  to  arrange  for  an  electrical  exhibition 
at  the  forthcoming  floral  fete,  at  a  cost  not  exceeding  £200. 

Wre.vham. — There  is  a  profit  on  the  electricity  under- 
taking for  the  past  year  of  £482. 

Yarnionth. — The  L.O.B.  is  to  be  asked  to  sanction  the 
borrowing  of  £3,840  for  the  purpose  of  substituting  electricity  for 
gae  for  street  lighting  purposes.  The  scheme  provides  for  the 
conversion  of  all  the  remaining  gas  lamps  in  the  borough,  105  of 
which  are  to  be  carried  out  during  the  present  financial  year. 

It  is  intended  to  in.'-tall  at  the  electricity  works  two  super- 
heaters, at  a  cost  of  £40<J. 

On  May  15th  a  L.G.B.  inquiry  was  held  respecting  the  applica- 
tion of  the  T.C.  for  a  loan  of  £11,590  for  electricity  purposee, 
There  was  no  opposition. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Argentina. — According  to  the  Rt-vidr  of  ihe  River  Plate, 
the  Concordia  Tramways  Co.  has  resolved  to  electrify  its  system. 

Australia. — The  city  underground  railway,  which  the 
Government  intends  to  construct  to  relieve  the  congestion  of  traffic 
in  Sydney,  will  be  a  three-line  loop  railway  around  the  city,  with 
connections  to  the  eastern  and  western  suburbs,  and  to  North 
Sydney.  Three  lines  will  leave  the  great  metropolitan  Redfern 
Station  on  the  northern  fide,  and,  falling  in  a  grade  of  1  in  40,  pass 
wholly  underground  on  the  western  side  of  the  city,  with  stations 
under  the  principal  city  thoroughfares,  to  one  of  the  city  gardens 
known  as  Wynyard  Square,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Sydney  General 
Post  Office,  where  the  first  section  will  terminate. —  British 
AiiKtralasian. 

An  electric  motor  street- watering  cart  has  lately  been  put  in 
service  by  the  Melbourne  City  Council. 

AsbtOD. — The  manager  of  the  tramways  has  reported  to 
the  Tramways  Committee  upon  the  question  of  removing  the  centre 
standards  in  the  Stalybridge  and  Manchester  Roads.  He  expressed 
the  opinion  that,  inasmuch  as  the  troUey  wire  would,  under 
ordinary  circumstances,  last  at  least  two  years,  it  was  inadvisable 
to  incur  the  expense — £1,100  or  £1,200,  exclusive  of  the  cost  of  new 
trolley  wire  and  fittings — at  present.  The  Committee  felt  that  the 
suggestion  for  the  removal  of  the  centre  standards  was  worthy  of 
consideration,  and  decided  that  the  matter  should  be  raised  again 
nearer  the  end  of  the  life  of  the  trolley  wire. 

Bradford. — Through  the  trolley  of  a  tramcar  coming  off 
the  wire  last  week,  and  the  wire  bresdsing  and  coming  into  contact 
with  a  car,  considerable  damage  was  done  to  the  vehicle  owing  to  its 
catching  fire.  There  were  few  passengers  on  the  car  at  the  time 
of  the  occurrence,  and,  fortunately,  no  one  was  injured,  though 
traffic  was  disorganised  for  some  time.  The  broken  wire  was 
repaired,  but  upon  another  trolley  being  pot  on  to  it,  it  again 
broke,  and  a  second  car  caught  fire,  the  conductor  and  a  passenger 
having  a  narrow  escape.  The  cause  of  the  mishaps  is  attributed  to 
the  fact  that  the  tramlines  in  Toller  Lane  are  "  up,"  and  the  tem- 
porary rails  are  about  6  in.  higher  than  the  permanent  way, 
causing  greater  pressure  on  the  overhead  wires. 

Continental  Notes. — Italy. — So  frequent  have  the  1 
labour  troubles  become  with  the  employes  of  the  Societc  des  Tram-  • 
ways  Xapolitains,  of  Naples,  that  a  novel  departure  has  been  made 
by  the  municipal  authorities  of  the  city  with  the  view  of  putting 
an  end  to  the  difficulty.  With  this  object,  they  have  established  a 
school  where  the  police  are  being  trained  to  drive  electric  tramcam, 
so  that  they  may  be  in  a  position  to  assist  in  keeping  the  public 
service  working.  It  is  stated  that  no  less  than  300  policemen  are 
Sow  sufficiently  trained  to  be  entrusted  with  the  driving  of 
electric  cars,  should  there  be  a  further  strike.  The  new  depar- 
ture is  stated  to  have  already  had  a  beneficial  effect  on  the  attitude 
of  the  employes. 

Sa.xoxy. — It  is  reported  that  the  Saxon  State  Railway  autho- 
rities have  decided  on  the  electrification  of  their  lines,  and  that  in 
connection  with  the  project  several  important  collieries  in  Saxony 
have  already  been  acquired  by  the  State. 

Douglas. — At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C.  last  week,  a 
member  moved  that  all  free  passes  held  by  aldermen  and  councillors 
in  connection  with  the  borough  tramways  be  withdrawn.  He 
declared  that  the  inordinate  use  made  of  the  passes  interfered  with 
the  earning  power  of  the  tramways.  The  chairman  of  the  Tram- 
ways Committee  seconded  the  motion,  but  it  was  strongly  opposed, 
and  was  lost  by  13  votes  to  4. 

Dundee. — There  was  a  lively  debate  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Corporation  Tramways  Committee  following  a  report  by  Mr.  Peter 
Fisher,  the  manager,  on  losses  incurred  on  certain  tramway  routes. 
With  regard  to  the  High  Street  and  Craig  Pier  route,  on  which 
there  was  an  apparent  loss  of  £600  per  annum,  the  manager  pointed 
out  that  if  they  stopped  running  to-morrow,  they  would  not  save  one 
penny,  so  far  as  the  wages  were  concerned.  It  was  reduced  practi- 
cally to  the  price  of  electricity,  and  the  saving  would  Ix"  so  small 
that  he  would  not  advise  discontinuance  now.  Later,  Mr.  Fisher 
told  a  councillor  that  he  was  not  to  put  words  in  his  mouth,  and  to 
his  reply,  the  manager  retorted  "you  are  not  to  make  a  fool  of 
me.''     iritimateJy,  Mr.  Fisher's  advice  was  accepted, 

Ejrypt. — La  Soci(t<'  des  Tramways  du  Caire  has  applied 
to  the  Egyptian  Government  for  a  concession  to  construct  and 
woik  a  system  of  suburban  electric  tramways  in  the  Province  of 
Ghizeh,  with  the  object  of  connecting  Cairo  with  a  series  ol 
populous  villages  at  present  without  any  system  of  communication. 
The  system  would  extend  to  a  distance  of  about  44  miles. 

Edinburf(b. — The  members  of  the  Corporation  deputa- 
tion who  visited  England  to  inspect  and  report  on  self-propelled 
cars,  submitted  their  views  at  a  meeting  of  the  Tramways  Sub- 
Committee  of  the  T.C.  The  deputation  visited  London,  Coventry 
and  Morecambe,  and  were  favourably  impressed  with  the  cars  in 
operation  in  these  places.  It  is  understood  there  will  be  a  recom- 
mendation for  a  trial  of  the  system,  in  order  to  meet  the  difficulty 
that  has  arisen  in  Edinburgh,  The  report  will  be  submitted  to  a 
full  meeting  of  the  Tramways  Committee. 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,852,  May  23,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


849 


llford. — Tlu)  tniiiivvujH  mfiniit;er  liiis  picHcntcd  Iii'h  rciport 
upon  tho  iKlviHahility,  or  othnrwiHe,  of  th(i  (/Oiinci!  adoptinir  a 
univorMiiI  Id.  faro  ovor  tho  wholcof  tho  tramwiiy  HyHtnii,  The  con- 
sideration of  the  ((uostion  haw.  however,  been  <loferr«d.  TheOouncil'M 
Bffreement  with  ICaHt  Ham  (!orporalion  for  tho  Ihvlhp,  upon  certain 
torniH  of  tho  Ilford  Hill  track,  and  which  expircH  on  tho  2."ith  inBt., 
is  to  be  continued,  nubjrct  to  six  monthH'  notice  on  cither  Hide. 

Japan, — ;\  proposal  was  made  some  time  a<jfo  in  the 
Tokyo  Municipal  Assembly  for  the  conntruction-  of  two  under- 
pronnd  railways,  one  ruiinintr  between  .lida-machi  in  Kojirnachi-ku, 
and  Mejiro  in  Koiskikawa-ku,  under  the  control  of  the  .lohoku 
Electric  llailway  Co.,  and  the  other  leadinp:  from  Takanawa, 
Minami-cho,  Shiba-ku,  to  Chaya(!ho  ABakuna-ku,  lud  (Jinza,  and 
Ueno.  under  the  control  of  the  Tokyo  Undergrround  Railway  Co. 
The  Special  Committee  nppointed  by  the  Municipal  Council  for  tho 
inveHti^-ation  of  the  project  has  reported  that  althoujjh  it  approved 
the  projicts  in  principle,  they  must  be  rejected  for  the  present,  as 
they  would  interfere  with  the  unification  of  the  municipal  systems 
of  communication. 

London. — An  important  question  afTecting  the  future  of 
the  tramway  service  in  West  London  was  raised  at  the  Acton  U.D.C. 
meeting  on  Monday.  The  clerk  reported  that  the  I'lirliamentary 
airentH  of  the  London  United  Tramways,  Ltd.  (Messrs.  Stanley  and 
Co.)  wished  to  direct  the  Council's  attention  to  the  provi-sions  of 
the  Bill  by  which  the  London  County  Council  soujjht  power  to 
enable  it  to  work,  when  afquired  from  the  company,  such 
portion  of  the  tramways  in  Hammersmith  as  the  Council  had  not 
already  powers  to  work.  The  London  United  feared  that  if  the 
power  was  unconditionally  conferred  upon  the  L.C.C.,  it  mig'ht 
result  in  the  cuttiner  of  the  tramway  traffic  at  the  county  boundary, 
i.r.,  the  Askew  Arms  and  Young's  Corner,  and  .so,  amongst  other 
things,  cause  very  grave  inconvenience  to  the  travelling  public. 
The  company  was,  therefore,  endeavouring  to  make  the  L.C.C.'s 
power  of  working  the  tramways,  if  granted,  subject  to  an  obliga- 
tion to  maintain  the  existing  through-running  facilities,  and  it  was 
suggested  that  the  Acton  U.D.C.  might  be  willing  to  support  the 
opposition  to  the  Bill  on  these  lines.  The  Council  decided  to  reply 
that  its  chairman.  Councillor  Boissonnade,  J. P.,  would  be  willing 
to  give  evidence  on  behalf  of  the  company  in  opposition  to  the 
L.CC.  proposals,  having  regard  to  the  public  interests  involved, 
and  to  the  fact  that  if  the  Bill,  as  drafted,  became  law,  the  Council 
was  apprehensive  of  the  breaking  of  the  present  through  service  of 
cars  and  the  cessation  of  the  through  fares  and  booking  arrangements. 

Luton. — A  further  lease  of  the  Corporation  Tramways  to 
Messrs.  Balfour,  Beatty  A;  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  been  approved. 

Milnrow. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Tramways  Committee 
last  week,  a  letter  was  read  from  Mr.  .J.  S.  D.  Moffet,  general 
manager  of  the  Rochdale  Tramways,  stating  that  the  cost  of  the 
cars  purchased  in  connection  with  the  Milnrow  tramways  was  £.500 
in  excess  of  the  amount  provided  for  in  the  estimate.  The  L.G.B. 
is  to  be  asked  for  permission  to  increase  the  borrowing  powers  for 
cars  by  £  500. 

Plynioutll. — ^Ir.  C.  R.  Everson,  general  manager  of  the 
Corporation  tramways,  in  his  annual  report  upon  the  working  of 
the  undertaking,  states  that  the  number  of  passengers  carried  for 
the  year  had  increased  by  438,725.  This  increase  was  due  to  the 
exceptionally  fine  weather  experienced  throughout  last  summer. 
Traffic  receipts  had  increased  by  £1,855.  The  number  of  units 
used  this  year  was  122,405  less  than  last  year,  although  6,('i41 
more  miles  were  run,  showing  that  the  motor-men  had  exercised  more 
care  in  operating  their  cars.  Traffic  receipts  totalled  £37,083,  and 
other  receipts  £2,087  ;  the  total  revenue  was  £39,170.  Working 
expenses  accounted  for  £24,081,  leaving  a  gross  profit  of  £15,090. 
Other  charges  totalled  £12,062,  the  net  profit  for  the  year  in  aid  of 
the  rates  being  £3,027.  He  was  pleased  to  state  that  the  improved 
trolley  head  he  designed,  which  received  their  approval  with  instruc- 
tions to  fit  it  to  the  cars,  had  resulted  in  an  absolute  freedom  from 
accidents  from  this  cause.  During  the  year  they  -had  renewed 
2i  miles  of  overhead  work,  and  seeing  that  the  gauge  of  the  wire 
was  larger  and  the  fittings  improved,  he  hoped  they  would  be 
relieved  of  serious  cost  on  these  sections  for  some  years.  The 
total  sum  expended  on  permanent  way  repairs  and  renewals  for  the 
past  six  years  amounted  to  £23,375. 

Soathanipton,  —  The    B.  of    T.   has   sanctioned    the 

doubling  of  the  tramway  track  in  Shirley  Road,  and  instructions 
have  been  given  the  general  manager  to  carry  out  the  work  by 
direct  labour.  Tenders  are  invited  for  a  supply  of  tramway  points 
and  tires.  The  receipts  of  the  tramway  undertaking  for  the  year 
ended  March  31  st  last  amounted  to  £64,185,  which  represents  an 
increase  of  £336  on  the  previous  year.  There  was  an  increase 
of  46,892  in  the  mileage  run,  and  an  increase  of  127,135  in 
the  number  of  passengers  carried.  The  amount  of  current 
consumed  totalled  1,964,804  units,  which,  at  lid.  per  unit, 
represents  an  expenditure  of  £12,280.  Compared  with  the  pre- 
vious year  the  current  consumed  shows  an  increase  of  125,383 
units,  but  the  cost  of  the  units  during  that  year  amounted  to  £  174 
more  than  in  the  year  under  review,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the 
charge  for  current  was  then  at  lid.  per  unit.  The  receipts  per 
car-mile  show  a  decease  of  ■2()3d.  over  last  year. 

Tyneniouth.— The  Tynemouth  Traction  Co.  has  written 
the  Corporation  expressing  a  hope  that  the  negotiations  for  the 
extension  of  the  tramways  to  Preston  Village  might  result  in  the 
construction  of  that  route  at  an  early  date,  when  the  whole  system 
of  electrical  distribution  would  have  to  1  e  reconsidered.  A  reply  is 
to  be  sent  to  the  effect  that  the  Council  is  waiting  for  the  company 
with  regard  to  the  proposed  extension. 


Wi.shaw. — A  fomlwUn-  on  the  l.riimw(ijK  al  Wihhiiw, 
in  an  attempt  to  put  a  trolley  pt>\i'.  b«<;k  on  thn  wire,  w»«  rlrsifvrd 
off  the  car  un<l  suspendi'd  in  mid-air.  Before  luiiiiMtAncn  could  (mi 
rendered  the  ro[)e  broke  and  hn  foil  heavily  to  the  ground,  bia 
injuries  necessitating  removal  to  a  hospital. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


\pw  Cable  for  Central  and  Sontii  .Imerlran  Tele- 
graph ('(».  The  (Jentral  and  S.  nth  American  Telegraph  Co. 
recently  contracted  with  the  Norddeutsche  Hcckiib<dwerk<-,  N'orden- 
ham,  Germany,  for  tho  manufacture  anri  laying  of  771  nra.  of 
cable,  to  be  laid  between  Panama,  Republic  of  Panama  and  Santa 
Elena,  Ecuador.  The  Norddeutsche  Co.'s  lable  steamer,  Sfrjj/ian, 
with  the  cable  on  board,  sailed  from  \  'rdenham,  April  7th,  and 
was  expected  to  arrive  at  Panama  about  .May  20th. 

Tho  laying  of  this  direct  cable  from  Panama  to  Santa  Elena 
will  materially  expedite  the  telegraph  traffic  to  and  from  Peru, 
Chile  and  Argentine,  and  is  a  preliminary  stt-p  in  providing  addi- 
tional facilities  for  the  anticipated  extension  of  the  Central  and 
S3nth  American  Telegraph  Co.'a  lines  from  Argentine  to  Santos 
and  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil,  which  extensions,  it  is  expected,  will 
be  completed  within  a  year.  Thin  will  provide  an  all-American 
cable  route  to  Brazil,  which  Mr.  .Iame&  A.  Scrymser,  president  of 
the  Central  and  South  American  Telegraph  Co.,  has  endeavoured 
for  many  years  to  accomplish. 

On  her  homeward  trip  the  S/f/i/ian.  it  is  expected,  will  take 
soundings  between  Buenos  Ayres  and  Santos  and  Rio  de  -Janeiro, 
covering  the  route  on  which  the  proposed  cables  are  to  be  laid. 

The  average  time  of  transmist-ion  between  New  York  and  Buenos 
Ayres,  "  '•/</  Colon,"  is  now  about  K!  minutes,  and  it  is  expected, 
on  the  completion  of  these  Brazil  extensions,  that  the  average  time 
between  New  York  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  will  not  exceed  20  minutes. 
—  Ti'lrg rti pli  and  Teleplitnte  At/e. 

\lirelessin  the  Antarotio. — Continuous  communication 
is  now  maintain* d  between  Sydney,  ria  Uobart  and  Macquarie 
Island,  and  Dr.  Mawson  in  his  winter  camp  in  the  Antartic.  Dr. 
Mawpon  receives  nightly  wireless  signals  from  Jfacquarie  Island, 
the  Government  stations  at  Wellington  (New  Zealand),  Melbourne, 
Hobart,  and  Pennant  Hills,  from  warships  and  from  shipping 
along  the  south  coast. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Aberdare. — May  29lh.  Cables,  street  work,  junction 
boxes,  incandescent  fittings  for  street  lighting,  meters,  &c..  for  the 
Council.     See  "Official  Notices"  May  Ulth. 

Australia.  —  Victoria.  —  May     30th.       High-tension 

switchgear  with  remote  control,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council, 
See  "Official  Notices"  March  28th. 

June  2nd. — 20,000-volt  h.t.  switchgear  and  l.t.  switchgear  and 
accessories,  for  the  Melbourne  Suburban  Railways.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  May  2nd. 

June  11th. — Switchgear  and  instruments,  for  the  Melbourne  City 
Council.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th. 

June  24th. — H.D.  copper  wire,  telephone  parts  and  telephones,  for 
the  P.M.G.    See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

July  1st.  Telephone  instruments  and  submarine  cable,  for  the 
P.M.G.     See  "  Official  Noticf  s  '  to-day. 

July  8th.  —  Common  -  battery  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G. 'a 
Department.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  8th. — Rubber-covered  wire,  batteries,  telephone  switch- 
boards, measuring  instruments  and  telephone  instruments,  for  the 
P.M  G.     See  "Official  Notices "  to-day. 

Tasmania. — June  9th.  Telegraph  and  telephone  material  for 
the  P.M.G.'s  Department.    See  "Official  Notices"  May  9th. 

Queensland — August  27th.  Five  sections  of  common-battery 
multiple  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

September  10th. — Nine  sections  of  trunk  line  switchboard,  for 
the  P.M.G.    See  "  Official  Notices  '  to-day. 

Western  Australia.  —May  28th.  Condensing  plant,  pomp 
and  piping,  for  a  Government  power  station  at  Perth.  See 
"Official  Notices"  May  9th. 

July  9th  and  30th  and  August  6th. — Telegraph  and  telephone 
material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official  Notices" 
to-day. 

June  nth.  Metal-filament  lamps,  for  the  P.M.G.  See  "Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

July  23rd.  —  Telegraph  and  telephone  instruments,  for  the 
P.M  G.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  23rd. — Telephone  switchboards  and  p'vrts,  for  the  P.M.G. 
See  "  Official  Notices  '  to-day. 


850 


THE    ELECTEICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol. 


No.  1,8,=52,  Mat  23,  1913. 


July  30th.— Cable  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.Q.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

Perth,  W.A.. — ConuECTiox.— In  our  last  issue,  in  our  advertise- 
ments, by  a  printer's  error,  we  jrave  the  closing  date  for  the  item 
"Metal-filament  Lamps,  Schedule  274,"  as  July  11th.  This  should 
have  read  June  11th.     Will  tenderers  please  note  .' 

South  Australia.— July  16th.  Telegraph  and  telephone 
material,  for  the  I'.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "  OflBcial  Notices " 
to-day. 

New  South  Wales. — July  9th.  Switchboards,  for  the  P.M.G. 
See  "  OflScial  Notices '"  to-day. 

Bedfonl.— June  20th.  About  10,870  tons  of  hard  or 
soft  coal,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  works.  Mr.  Charles 
Stimson,  town  clerk. 

Colchester. — May  27th.  Steam  coal  for  a  year  (about 
5,000  tons)  for  the  Corporation  Ivlectricity  Department.  Mr.  W. 
Frisby,  Borough  Electrical  Engineer,  3H,  Osborne  Street. 

rroydon. — ^lay  20L1i.  Electric  lighting  of  the  fire 
station  and  library,  Thornton  Heath,  for  the  Corporation.  See 
"Official  Notices"  May  Kith. 

Derby. — May  23r(l.  One  750-KW.  motor-alternator,  for 
the  Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  May  9th. 

Devonport. — June  2nd.  Cables,  wires  and  meters  for 
12  months  for  the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Dundee. — May  30th.  Steam  and  feed  piping,  steam 
feed  pumps  and  hot-well  tank,  &c.,  for  the  Corporation  Electricity 
Department.     See  "Official  Notices"  May  16th. 

France. — June  5th.  The  French  State  Kailway  author- 
ities (Service  Electriiiue,  I'Division),  43,  Rue  de  Rome,  Paris,  are 
inviting  tenders  for  a  number  of  electric  tractors  for  working  the 
engine  turntables  at  the  various  railway  stations  on  the  system. 

Glasgow. — ^lay  2Cth.  Two  steam  turbo-alternators, 
■with  condensing  plant  (.5,000  kw.  and  2,000  kw.  respectively),  for 
the  Corporation  Tramways  Department.  See  "Official  Notices" 
April  25th. 

Halifax. — June  (ith.     One  natural  draught  chimney  type 

water  cooling  tower,  for  the  Electricity  Department.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

llojlake  and  West  Kirby.— May  27th.    Coal  (3,000 

tons  washed  peas  or  slack)  for  the  U.D.C.  electricity  works  for  a 
year.     Mr.  Chas.  J.  Turner,  electrical  engineer. 

Ilanjrary.— May  28th.  The  municipal  authorities  of 
Aranvosmarot  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  establishment  of  a 
central  electric  lighting  station  in  the  town. 

London. — L.C.C. — May  28th.  Electrical  installations  at 
Lewisham  Bridge  and  Fairfield  Road  (Bow)  elementary  schools. 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  May  9th. 

June  3rd. — High  and  low-tension  cables  for  Tramways  Depart- 
ment.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Metropolitan  Asylums  Boaed.— June  4th.  Extension  of 
internal  telephone  system  and  installation  of  signal  bells  at  the 
Western  Fever  Hospital,  Fulham,  S.W.  See  "Official  Notices" 
May  16th. 

St.  Pangeas. — June  9th.  Welsh  and  other  steam  coal  for  the 
Electricity  Department.  Apply  E.L.  Department,  57,  Pratt 
Street,  N.W. 

Ne.\borOD;;^h. — May  30th.  Lancashire  boiler,  for  the 
r.D.C.  Electricity  Department.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th. 

Oldham. — May  3 1st.  Extra-high-tension  switchboard 
for  the  Corporation.    See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Portsmouth.— June  llth.  Wirhig  for  electric  hght 
installation  at  Workhouse  Infirmary  extensions,  ice,  Milton.  See 
"Official  Notices"  May  16th. 

Rawtenstall.— June  10th.  One  1,500-kw.  turbo-alter- 
nator complete  with  condenaer,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

Rotherham.  —  The  question  of  renewing  and  doubling 

the  tramway  track  in  Fitzwilliam  Road  is  under  consideration. 
Tenders  are  invited  for  the  supply  of  rails  required  in  connection 
with  the  renewal  of  the  tramway  track  in  High  Street. 

Salford. — Wiring  of  new  secondary  school,  Pendleton,  for 
the  Education  Committee.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  May  16th. 

Spain. — The  municipal  authorities  of  San  .Juan  de 
Palamos  (province  of  Gerona)  have  just  invited  tenders  for  the  con- 
cession for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period  of  ten 
years. 

The  T'imfix  of  1 6th  inst.  contains  lengthy  advertisements  inti- 
mating to  "  foreign  manufacturers  "  that  they  are  invited  to  tender 
for  the  establishment  of  certain  wireless  telegraph  stations  in  Spain. 

Swansea, — June  Cth.  Installation  of  electric  light  and 
bells  at  the  new  training  college,  Olanmor,  for  the  Education 
Committee.    See  "  Official  Notice*  "  to-day. 


Walthanistow.— ]^Iay  28th.    Natural  draught  cooling 

tower,    for    the    U.D.C,    Electricity    Department.     See    "Official 
Notices  "  May  2nd. 


CLOSED. 

Admiralty. — The  Admiralty  has  recently  accepted  a 
tender  from  the  Dussek  Bitumen  Co.  for  "  Trinidite "  compound 
for  use  in  H.M.  battleships,  dockyards,  \o. 

ishton-under-Lyne. — The  Corporation  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  the  Banian  Meter  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  supply  of  10  ampere- 
meters. 

Ashton-nnder-Lyne  and  lowestoft.— ^lessrs.  Cham- 
berlain &  HookhsiTi,  Ltd.,  have  received  the  contract  for  two-rate 
meters  from  Ashton-under-Lyne,  and  also  the  contract  for  car 
meters  from  Lowestoft. 

Barrow-in-Furness.— The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender 
of  Messrs,  Drake  for  stoking  plant,  at  £4,100,  and  for  a  generating 
plant,  including  gas  engine,  at  .<550. 

Bedford. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  following  tenders : — 

British  TliomEonHouston  Co.,  Ltd.— 125  meters. 
British  Wefctinghonse  Co.,  Lta. — a5  meterB. 
Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd. — Lamps  (one  year). 
Sienieiie  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Cables. 

Belgium. — Twelve  concerns — five  (ierman,  four  Belgian, 
two  French  and  one  Austrian — last  week  submitted  tenders  to  the 
Belgian  Telegraph  Authorities  in  Brussels  for  the  supply  of  1.200 
metres  of  sub-river  cable  and  240  metres  of  submarine  cable.  The 
lowest  offer  was  that  of  the  Rheydt  Kabelfahrik,  of  Rheydt, 
Germany. 

Bishopstawton  (Devon).— Messrs.  Thomas  &  Son,  of 

Bishopstawton,  have  received,  through  Messrs.  Lord  &  Shand, 
electrical  engineers,  of  Plymouth,  an  order  lor  supplying  and  fixing 
a  Blackstone  oil  engine  for  an  electric  light  installation  at  the  Hall 
for  Mr.  C.  H.  Chichester,  at  Bishopstawton. 

Bolton.— The  contract  for  installing  electric  light  at  St. 
Margaret's  new  church  has  been  let  to  the  Bolton  Corporation 
Electric  Fittings  Department. 

Burnley. — The  E.G.  has  accepted  the  following  tenders : — 

British  Thomson-Houston  Co.— Snpply  of  motors  and  starters  required  by 

the  department  for  the  ensuing  year. 
Superheater  Units,  Ltd. — Supply  of  two  superheaters. 

Farnborough  (Hants.). — The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the 

tender  of  Messrs.  Hughes  4c  Stirling,  Ltd.,  for  a  refuse  destructor, 
at  £2,006. 

Glasgow. — A  contract  has  been  placed  with  Messrs.  E. 

Bennis  it  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  four  Bennis  chain-grate  stokers,  each  8  ft. 
widp,  for  the  Corporation  electric  tramway  station. 

Government  Contracts. — The  following  tenders  have 

been  accepted  during  the  past  month  by  the  Government  Depart- 
ments named  : — 

War  Office. 
Electric  cells  (parts).— Atlas  Carbon  and  Battery  Co.,  Ltd. ;  J.  C.  Fuller  and 
Bon,  Ltd. ;  I.-R.,  Q.-P.  and  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd. ;  Siemens  Bros, 
and  Co.,  Ltd. 
Telephones,  &c.— Automatic  Telephone  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.;  British 
L.M.  Ericsson  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.;  Spagnoletti,  Ltd. 
IxniA  Office  :    Stobs  DF.rAiiTMr.NT. 
Wireless  apparatus. — Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co. 
Cable.— W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co. 
Insulator  cups.— Taylor,  Tunniciiff  &  Co. ;  BuUers,  Ltd. 

CsOnTI  AOBNTS  FOB  THE   CoLOMUS, 

Battery  material.— Siemens  Bros.  &  Co  ,  Ltd. 

Insulated  cable. — Callender's  Cable  and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd. 

Telephone  cable.— B.L  &  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd. 

Insulators.-  Bullers,  Ltd. 

Telegraph  poles.— J.  Spencer,  Ltd. ;  Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Telephone  switchboards,  &c.— Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Post  Office. 
Telephonic  apparatus.- Automatic  Telephone  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd. ; 

British   L.M    Ericsson   Manufacturing  Co,,  Ltd.;    Oent  &  Co.,  Ltd.; 

Peel-Conner  Telephone  Works,  Ltd. ;  Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
Silence  cabinets. — M.  Hunter  ft  Sons. 
Telegraphic  cable. — Callender's  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. 
Telephonic  cable.— B.I    and  H<  Isby  Cables,  Ltd. ;   Callender's  Cable  Co., 

Ltd. ;  Connolly  Bros.,  Ltd. ;  Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
Stoneware  duets.  -Albion  Clay  Co.,  Ltd. 
Insulators.— Bullers,    Ltd. ;     Doulton   &   Co.,    Ltd. ;    Taylor,   TannioliiT 

and  Co  ,  Ltd. 
Telegraphic  ironwork.— Bullers,  Ltd. ;  T.  W.  Leneh,  Ltd. 
Cable  distribution  plugs.— Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
Copper  wire.— T.  Bolton  A  Sons,  Ltd.;    B.I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.; 

ElUott'a  Metal  Co.,  Ltd. ;    R.  Johnson  &  Nephew,  Ltd. ;    Shropshira 

Iron  Co.,  Ltd. ;   F.  Smith  i.  Co.  (inc.  In  the  London  Electric  Wire  Co. 

and  Smiths,  Ltd.) ;  J.  Wilkes,  Bona  &  Mapplebeck,  Ltd. 
Copper-covered  wire.— Union  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. 
Electric  light  plant  at  Waterford  P.O— Johnson  &  Phillips,  Ltd. 
Power  plant,  «c.— St.  Just's  Wireless  Station,  Cornwall.— Kdmnndsons' 

Electricity  Corporation,  Ltd. 
Telephone  exchange  equipment  at  Llanelly,  Kingston  Exchange  Extension 

and  Infotmation  Desk,  Bampstead. — Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 

H.M.  OrricF.  op  Wobks. 
Lift  at  H.M.  Stationery  Office.— Aldous  &  Campbell,  Ltd. 

Great  Yarmouth. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 

Messrs.  Myers,  Rose  &  Co.  for  2,000  tone  of  hard  steam  coal  for  the 
electricity  works,  at  17s.  6d.  per  ton,  f.o.r.,  and  that  of  Messrs. 
E.  Foster  k  Co.  for  1,000  tons  of  Black,  at  Hb.  6d.  per  ton. 


\ 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,8r,2,  May  L'lt,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


HGl 


IIa8(in|t;.s.  The  '!'.('.  Iiuh  nccoptcd  Liu;  oll'cr  of  tlio  Afaiii 
C'olliory  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  further  mipply  of  from  il.r.OO  to  1,01)0  tonH 
of  Wnlsh  throiiph-aiul-throii(fh  BmokclcHB  Hteiim  coal. 

Ilford. — Subject  to  the  approval  of  tlio  li.(i.I5..  tlic 
U.D.C.  hfts  Bcceiiteil  tho  tonHer  of  McfsrH.  Hcenan  it  Froude,  Ltd., 
for  a  refuse  destructor,  at  £lL',0(;."i. 

Ipswich. — Tlie  T.V.  lias  accopted  tlie  tender  of  ]\re.'<Brs. 
Cockscdpro  A:  Co.  for  conRtruotional  steol  work  and  roofintf  for 
extensions  to  tho  tramway  car  shed,  at  ilfiitr). 

Lords, — Tlio  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  by  the 

f'orporation  : — 

liritish  WpstinKhonsB  K!op.  To.,  Ltd.— Two  I,600-K\v.  rotary  converters  tor 

Crown  Point  Stntlnii.  ftt  f  B.iiflB  each. 
F.lortroMcchaiiiral  Hiakc  Co.,   fjld.— CO  new  type  fcp'ion   Inmilators,  at 


a'^n. 


ell. 


British  'riiomBonfloHston  Co.,  T,tfl  — Tliroo-phftsc  sub-statlon  Bwitcbgear, 
Bs  rriinir<'<l,  up  to  n  total  of  12  sets,  at  £i!>  15s.  per  set. 

British  Kkftrip  Trarsformer  Co.,  Ltd.— Two  sets  of  two  to  three-phase 
transformerH,  at  jCfi'iM  por  sot. 

Wavcoo<Is,  Ltd.- Electric  passenger  lift  at  Central  Bntranco  to  Market 
Hall,  at  i;3Ca. 

Lincoln. — Por  the  Corporation  electricity  station,  Messrs. 
Bennis  .t  Co.,  Ltd.,  are  to  supply  two  of  their  chain-frrate  stoker.". 
f>  ft.  43  in.  wide  x  9  ft.  2  in.  loner. 

The  tender  of  Messrs.  Georpre  Robson  k  Co.  has  been  accepted  for 
coal  elevatingf  and  conveyirp  plant  for  the  electricity  works. 

Mancliester.^ — The  Corporation  has  placed  a  contract  for 
fittinpr  Bennis -Miller -Bennett  new  chain-errate  links  to  the 
frame  of  a  chain-grate  already  installed  at  the  electricity  works, 
with  Messrs.  E.  Bennis  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Kothcrhara. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
Daimler  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  supply  of  three  motor-omnibuses  for  the 
Tramway  Department,  at  £822  per  'bus. 

Portsmoutli. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  -\rr. 
John  Griffiths  for  email  coal  for  the  tramway  undertaking:,  at 
193.  Id.  per  ton. 

Sunderland. — The  Cable  Accessories  Co.,  Ltd..  have 
just  secured  a  contract  with  the  Corporation  to  supply  a  further 
100  street  lighting:  brackets  and  fittings. 

Walsall.— The  Electricity  Committee  of  the  T.C.  has 
accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  E.  Green  &  Son  for  an  economiser,  at 
£G2,'}. 

Wedncsbury. — The  Mechanical  and  Electrical  Enojineer- 
ine  Co.'s  head  office.  Walsall,  hns  secured  the  contract  for  the  elec- 
trical r(|uipment  of  the  Metallurg-ical  Schools  at  Wednesbury,  for 
the  Staffordshire  Education  Committee. 

Wolverhampton. — The  Corporation   has  accepted  the 

followiner  tenders : — 

British  Westinfthouse  Co.— Four  converters,  at  £2,950. 

E'ectric   Construction  Co.,  Ltd. — Two  switchboards  for  sub-stations,  at 

i'408  and  £209  respectively. 
Reyrolle  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Extra-high-tension  switchgear  for  Commercial  Road 

station,  at  £2,000. 
The  Lorain  Steel  Co.— Special  work,  £1,128. 

Worthing. — The  Corporation  contract  for  additional  cells 
required  for  the  extension  of  the  storagre  battery  at  the  electricity 
works,  has  been  placed  with  the  Hart  Accumulator  Co.,  Ltd. 


FORTHCOMINa  EVENTS. 


Jonior  Institation  of  Engineers.— Friday,  May  23rd.  At  39,  Votoria  Street, 
B.W.  Discussion  on  "The  Organisation  of  an  Engineers'  Employment 
Bureau,"  introduced  by  Mr.  S.  M.  Hills. 

Boyal  Institution  of  Greet  Britain.— Friday,  May  23rd.  At  9  p  m.  Dis- 
course on  "  1  he  Secret  of  the  Pei manent  Magnet,  by  Prof.  S J".  Tnompson. 

Saturday,  May  24th.  At  8  p.m.  Lecture  on  "Radioactivity :  the  Alpha 
Rays  and  their  Connection  with  the  Transformations,"  by  Prof.  £. 
Rutherford. 

Thursday,  May  29th.  At  3  p  m.  Lecture  on  "Recent  Chemical 
Advances  ;  Chemistry  in  Space,"  by  Prof.  W.  J.  Pope. 

Saturday,  May  81st.  At  8  p.m.  Lecture  on  "  Radioactivity ;  The 
Origin  of  the  Beta  and  Gamma  Rays  and  the  Connection  Between  Them," 
by  Prof.  E.  Rutherford. 

Institution  Of  Electrical  Engineers.— Friday,  May  80th.  At  8  p.m.  Annual 
General  Meeting.  Paper  on  "Practical  Application  of  Telephone  Trans- 
mission Calculations  "  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Aldridge. 

Physical  Society.- Friday,  May  80th,  At  6  p.m.  At  the  Imperial  College 
of  ecience,  South  Kensington,  S.W.  Paper  on  "Electro-Thermal 
Phenomena  at  the  Contact  of  two  Conductors  with  a  Theory  of  a  Class  of 
Radio-Telegraph  Detectors,"  by  Dr.  W.  U.  Eccles. 


The  Question  of  Sunday  Labour.— The  Electricity 

Committee  of  Hammersmith  B.C.  has  decided  that,  in  the  case  of 
all  employes  whose  duty  necessitates  Sunday  work,  arrang:ements 
be  made  to  give  them  one  whole  day's  holiday  per  week.  Also  that 
the  wages  of  employes  be  increased,  fitters  and  turners  in  future  to 
be  paid  at  the  rate  of  9  i  per  hour,  and  labourers,  fitters'  mates,  and 
blackBmiths"  mates  at  the  rate  of  7d.  per  hour. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Otncar— Lisot.-Col.  II.  M.  l.r.xr. 
The  followinir  orders  have  been  iimucd  for  the  cornrnt  wfck  :— 

Monday,  May  2(lili.-  '  A'Company.  lolsntry  drill,  7  to  0{>  m. ;  ttthoirki 
ln>triu,'ti<>n  for  all  nipriibam  »n  ibn  lilh  rati-,  and  for  all  candMatai  lor 
hiKher  rntlnif,  7  to  V  p.iii. ;  mutketry  limtriirtion,  'J  lo  10  p  in. 

Tuosday,  May  37th.—"  H"  Company.     As  for  "A"  Company. 

Wt'dnrsday,  May  28th.— All  Companir'ii.  Annual  conrin  of  mnakclry  U 
I'uiMi'i't  rillo  ranges.  Railway  tickeli  will  )>«  MTnt  to  thoMt  notlfylnf 
hen<li|uart>:rB  of  their  intention  to  attend. 

Thursday,  May  21)th.— "C"  Company.    Ai  for  "A"  Conpuiy. 

Friday,  May  IIOlh.—"D"  Company.    Ditto. 

Saturday,  May  SIst.— Annual  course  of  muikt<try  for  all  CompanlM  • 
Piirllcct  rille  ranges. 

Members  arc  reminded  that  this  is  the  last  dat«  on  whirh  the;  can 
lire  their  annual  course  to  make  IheinMlvCH  tniclent,  and  ahould  apply 
early  for  their  railway  tickets. 

Headi|uart«rB  will  be  opened  for  regimental  builness  from  10  a.m.  lo 
12  noon. 

(Signed)        P.  II.  CAMrHPLL,  Capt.  R.K.,  and  Adjt. 

For  Ofnoer  commanding  V.K.B, 


THE    I.E.E.    VISIT    TO    PARIS. 


[special  dispatcm.] 


Paris,  Thursday  moiTiing, 

The  party  of  members  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical 
Engineers  which  is  now  here  for  the  joint  meeting  with  the 
Societc  Internationale  des  Electriciens.  numbers  I.'jO,  in- 
cluding ladies.  The  journey  from  London  was  a  pleasant 
one,  at  the  end  of  which  members  distributed  themselves  at 
various  hotels. 

On  "Wednesday  morning,  in  glorious  weather,  President 
Berthelot  opened  the  Congress  at  9.30  o'clock  at  the  Con- 
servatoire des  Arts  et  Metiers.  One  section  lof  the  party 
then  proceeded  to  explore  the  Conservatoire  Museum,  while 
the  remainder  discussed  six  papers  on  electric  traction, 
of  which  the  titles  and  authors  were  given  in  our 
issue  of  May  9th,  page  767,  the  speakers  being 
Messrs.  Mazin,  Roger  Smith,  Hammond  and  Bochet.  In 
the  afternoon,  part  of  the  company  went  down  the  Seine  by 
steamboat  to  Sevres  porcelain  factory,  the  excursion  proving 
delightful  in  every  way  ;  another  company  visited  the 
magnificent  works  at  Saint  Denis  of  the  Societc  d'Electricite 
de  Paris,  with  its  120,000  KW.  of  plant,  also  the  works  of 
the  Triphase  Co.  at  Asnieres.  In  the  evening  of  Wednesday 
the  banquet  given  by  the  Societe  was  held  at  the  Palais 
d'Orsay,  covers  being  laid  for  360.  Speeches  of  considerable 
interest  were  delivered  by  M.  Berthelot  and  Mr.  Duddell, 
and  an  excellent  entertainment  was  afforded,  the  principal 
feature  calling  for  mention  being  a  cinematograph  demon- 
stration with  Graumont  speaking  films  ;  noted  artistes  also 
took  part. 

This  (Thursday)  morning  the  Congress  was  resumed, 
with  M.  Marcel  Depres  in  the  chair,  the  papers  by  Mr.  J.  S. 
Highfield  and  M.  H.  Leblanc  on  long-distance  transmission 
receiving  attention  ;  visits  are  arranged  for  this  afternoon. 

To-morrow  there  will  be  a  reception  at  the  top  of 
Eiffel  Tower,  with  Mr.  Duddell  as  chairman. 


Appointments  Vacant.— Head  of  Electrical  Engineer- 

ingr  Department,  Binningham  Mtinicipal  Technical  School  (£3()0)  ; 
lecturer  in  mechanical  and  electrical  eneineeringr  at  the  Municipal 
Technical  Institute,  Belfast  (£1S0)  ;  fitter-driver,  for  SeveraUs 
Asylum,  Colchester  (35s.);  electrical  engineer  (£200)  for  the 
Aylesbury  U.D.C;  assistant  for  sales  department  (£130),  chief 
representative  in  publicity  department  (£130),  and  engineeringr 
representative  in  publicity  department  (£117),  for  the  SheflBeld 
Corporation.    See  our  advertisement  pages  in  this  iastie. 

Athletic  Sports. — The  fifth  annual  athletic  sporta  and 
Corps  Championships  and  inter-company  competitions  for  the  "  Le 
Eossignol"  challenge  cup  of  the  London  Electrical  Engineers 
(.Territorial  Force)  were  held  on  Wednesday  evening  at  Stamford 
Bridge  Athletic  Grounds,  Fulham  Road,  S.W.  _ 

Accident. — It  is  reported  that  in  a  collision  between  two 
motor-cars  at  Aberdeen  last  Saturday  night,  William  Ross,  » 
"  foreman  electrician,"  who  was  in  one  of  the  care,  was  seriooaly 
injured. 


852 


THE    ELECTRICAL    KEVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,852,  Mat  23,  1913. 


NOTES. 


A  Forecast. — Is  it  a  fact,  or  have  I  dreamt  it,  that,  by 
means  of  electricity,  the  world  of  matter  has  become  a  preat 
nerve,  vibrating  thousands  of  miles  in  a  breathless  point  of  time. — 
Nathaniel  Hawthorne — Tlif  Ilouxe  of  the  Srren  duhlvs. 

Wanted  —  Six   Hundred   Pounds. — Our  readers  are 

already  aware  that  at  the  annual  festival  dinner  Mr.  E.  G.  Byng 
offered  to  give  £100  to  the  funds  of  the  Electrical  Trades  Benevo- 
lent Institution,  if  nine  other  firms  or  g-entlemen  would  do  the  same 
within  three  months  from  April  IGth.  The  £100  which  Mr.  Sutton 
had  already  given  was  to  be  counted  as  one  of  the  nine  ;  Mr.  II. 
Hirst,  throiiprh  Mr.  Sutton,  promised  a  like  amount  ;  and  Mr. 
Garcke's  promise  brings  the  total  up  to  £400  out  of  the  required 
£1.000. 

It  has  been  thought  that  some  of  our  generously  disposed  readers 
■would  be  willing  to  follow  the  splendid  example  set  by  these 
gentlemen  and  ensure  that  the  conditional  offers  are  fulfilled  by 
making  or  influencing  six  other  offers.  We  hope  that  in  later 
issues  it  will  be  possible  for  us  to  fill  names  into  the  six  spaces  now 
standing  vacant  below  : — 


1 

Mr.  E.  G.  Byng            

1 
£100    : 

2 

Mr.  G.  Sutton 

£100 

3 

Mr.  H.  Hirst 

£100 

4 

Mr.  £.  Garcke 

£100 

6 

*   ... 

6 

... 

7 

8 



9 

10 



Discbarsrino:  Ulectricity  from  Paper,  &c. — A  recent 

patent  granted  to  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.  (No.  1,554  of  1912) 
describes  a  method  of  disc-harging  the  sta'ic  electricity  evolved  in 
spinning  and  weaving,  or  in  paper  manufacture,  by  ionising  the 
atmosphere  between  the  charged  material  and  an  earth*  d  electrode, 
by  means  of  ultra-violet  rays,  prcduced  by  an  arc  between  iron 
electrodes  or  by  a  mercury-in-quartz  lamp.  The  use  of  radio-active 
substances  for  producing  the  ionisation  is  also  discussed  (in  Patent 
No.  l,.o55). 

Institution   and    Lecture    Xctes. — IxsTrrrriox   of 

Electhical  Engineers. — The  report  of  the  Council  for  the  year 
191i'-13  shows  that  at  May  Ist,  1913,  the  total  membership 
numbered  7,084,  a  net  increase  during  the  year  of  547,  compared 
with  an  average  of  137  for  the  preceding  five  years.  In  view  of  the 
change  in  the  articles  of  association  which  took  place  during  the 
year,  it  may  be  interesting  to  give  in  detail  the  changes  in  the  list 
of  members  : — 

Hon.  Assoc. 

Mem.  Mem.  Mem.  Assoc.  Grad.  Btu.  Totals 

Totals  at  May  1st,  1912         . .        7    1,388    8,089      806         —    1,247  G,537 

Adoitions  during  year: — 

Elected       —         45       409        27        164      266        901 

Beinstated —  1  8  6  —        27         86 

Tiansferred  to     ..         . .      —       169       S68  4  96        —       637 

Total  additions  for  1912-13  ..  —  216  680  £6  260  283  1,474 

Deductions  daring  year  :— 

Deceased —  15  5  4  —  5  29 

Resigned —  21  86  53  —  67  167 

Lapsed        —  18  49  10  —  117  194 

Transferred  from           . .  —  —  144  104  —  269  5&7 

Total  dednctioDi  for  1912-18      —         £4       284       171  —      468        927 

647 

Totals  at  May  Ist,  1913        . .        7    1,549    3,635      671        260   1,062  7.084 

During  the  session  there  were  14  general  meetings  and  61  meet- 
ings of  Local  Sections.  Some  200  members  took  part  in  the 
summer  meeting  at  Glasgow. 

It  is  announced,  in  accordance  with  the  statement  which  we 
have  already  published,  that  the  Journal  will  be  issued  fortnightly 
from  December  to  July,  and  will  be  of  quarto  size  ;  in  addition  to 
•the  papers  and  discussions  now  published  in  the  Journal,  it  will 
contain  notices  of  meetings  and  other  communications  from  the 
Council  to  the  members. 

Particulars  are  given  of  the  facilities  for  experimental  demon- 
strations which  are  now  available  in  the  lecture  theatre,  includirg 
gas.  water,  and  various  electrical  supplies. 

Arrangements  have  been  made  for  the  interchange  of  the 
privileges  of  membership  with  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical 
Engineers. 

Provision  has  been  made  for  the  organisation  of  research  to  pre- 
vent overlapping  and  to  promote  research  in  selected  subjects. 

The  Institution  has  joined  with  other  British  and  American 
engineering  societies  in  raising  a  sum  of  £l,(i.'>0  for  a  memorial 
window  to  Lord  Kelvin  in  Westminster  Abbey,  which  will  be  com- 
pleted by  the  end  of  June. 

The  Benevolent  Fund  at  the  end  of  December  amounted  to 
£4,612. 

The  accounts  are  presented  in  a  new  form,  showing  more 
clearly  than  Ijefore  the  margin  to  the  good  on  the  year's  working, 
which  last  year  amounted  to  i;  1,238,  a  decrease  of  £36."  as  com- 
pared with  the  previous  year.  The  mortgages  had  been  reduced 
by  £652  from  i;3r,,L>74  to  £35,622.  The  assets  amounted  to 
£110,368  against  liabilities  of  £46,151,  leaving  a  balance  of 
£61,217,  an  improvement  on  laat  year  of  £3,813. 


The  formation  of  a  lending  library  has  been  sanctioned  by  the 
Council,  and  progress  is  being  made  with  the  organisation  of  the 
museum. 

I.E.E.  (Student.s'  Section).— The  report  of  the  Committee  for 
the  Stssion  1912-13  states  that  in  London  the  average  attendance 
at  the  1 1  meetings  has  been  about  3i;,  the  highest  recorded  being 
51.  At  Manchester  there  were  eight  meetings,  with  38  average 
attendances,  and  at  Glasgow  five  meetings,  with  15  average 
attendances.  At  Newcastle  nine  meetings  were  held.  It  was 
decided  not  to  hold  a  summer  tour  last  year.  Arrangements  are, 
however,  being  made  to  hold  a  tour  this  year  from  July  2nd  until 
July  5th  in  Newcastle  and  the  district. 

I.E.E.  (Yorkshire  Local  .Section) —At  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  Section,  held  at  Leeds  on  the  14th  inst.,  the  following  officers 
were  elected  :— Chairman,  Mr.  W.  B.  Woodhouse  ;  vice-chairmen, 
Mr.  H.  H  Wright  and  Dr.  R  Pohl  ;  hon.  secretary,  Jlr.  Jno.  D. 
Bailie  ;  for  the  four  valiancies  on  the  Committee,  Messrs.  W.  M. 
Rogerson,  H.  A.  Nevill,  W.  Lang,  and  F.  J.  Lowe  were  eltcted. 

I.E.E.  (ScoTTi.sH  Local  Section).— This  Section  has  arranged  to 
hold  its  annual  summer  outing,  on  Tuesday,  June  17th.  The  party 
will  leave  Central  (Low  Level)  Station,  at  11. 9  a.m.,  and  lunch  will  be 
provided  at  the  Inversnaid  Hotel,  at  2  p.m.  On  the  return  journey, 
the  steamer  will  leave  Inversnaid  at  6.45  p.m.,  a  substantial  tea 
being  served  on  board.  Members  so  desiring  will  be  shown  over  the 
works  of  the  Glasgow  Corporation  water  department,  at  Loch  Arklet. 
JcNiOR  Institution  or  Enoinekus. — On  the  twenty-ninth 
anniversary  of  the  foundation  of  this  Institution,  on  Monday, 
June  30th,  at  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,  Victoria 
Embankment,  the  second  Gustave  Canet  Lecture  will  be  delivered 
by  Dr.  Dugald  Clerk,  F.R  S.,  who  has  chosen  as  his  subject  "The 
Working  Fluid  of  Internal  Combustion  Engines."  The  late  M. 
Gustave  Canet  (past  president  of  the  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers 
of  France)  was  president  of  the  Junior  Institution  of  Engineers  in 
1907-8,  his  death  occurring  at  the  close  of  his  term  of  office.  In 
a'-cordance  with  a  wish  he  had  expressed,  3Iadame  Canet,  MM. 
Paul  and  Albert  Canet,  and  their  families,  presented  a  sum  of 
money  to  the  Institution  to  form  a  Gold  Medal,  in  commemoration 
of  his  presidency.  This  Gold  Medal  is  awarded  quadrenijially  to 
an  officer  or  Member  of  the  Inhtitution  invited  by  the  Council  to 
deliver  a  lecture  on  the  subject  of  importance  to  the  engineering 
and  scientific  world.  The  first  award  was  made  in  1909,  the 
lecture  on  "The  Engineerirg  of  Ordrance"  being  delivered  by 
Lieut,  (now  Sir)  A  Trevor  Dawfon.  RN  ,  M.Iust  C.E.,  M.I.Mtch  E. 
president  of  the  lustitution  1912-13),  who  will  preside  on  the 
occasion  of  Dr.  Dugald  Clerk's  lecture. 

Institution  of  Mining  Engineers.— The  general  mteting 
will  be  held  in  London  (Burlington  House)  on  Thursday,  June  5th. 
Among  the  papers  to  oome  under  consideration  is  one  by  Mr.  B. 
Welbourn  on  "  Insulated  and  Bare  Copper  and  Aluminium  Cables 
for  the  Transmission  of  Electrical  Energy,  with  Special  Reference 
to  Mining  Work."  Jlembers  are  invited  to  attend  the  Mining 
Machinery  Exhibition  at  the  Agricultural  Hall,  Islington,  after  the 
general  meeting.  At  night  the  Institution  dinner  will  be  held  at 
the  Waldorf  Hotel.  Friday  will  be  devoted  to  an  excursion  to  the 
Chingford  Reservoir. 

Asi^ociATiON  OP  Mining  Electrical  Engineers  (West  op 
Scotland  Branch). — The  annual  business  meeting  of  this  Branch 
was  held  last  Friday  in  the  Royal  Technical  College,  Glasgow.  Mr. 
Matthew  Brown,  general  manager  of  the  Banknock  Coal  Co., 
presided.  It  was  reported  that  the  Branch  was  continuing  to 
make  gratifying  progress  both  numerically  and  financially. 
Office-bearers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  session,  as  follows  : — 
President.  Mr.  Matthew  Brown  ;  vice-president,  Mr.  A.  B.  Muir- 
head,  Lerzie;  secretary,  Mr.  David  Martin,  45,  Hope  Street, 
Glasgow  ;  and  treasurer,  Mr.  D.  Landale  Frew,  Glasgow.  It  was 
announced  that  arrangements  were  being  made  for  a  joint 
excursion  with  the  Scottish  Branch  of  the  National  Association  of 
CoUiery  Managers. 

American  Society  of  Mechanicai-  Engineees.— The  spring 
meeting  of  this  Society  has  been  held  at  Baltimore  this  week,  from 
May  20th  to  23rd.  Among  the  papers  coming  under  attention  were 
the  following  : — "Cost  of  Upkeep  of  Horse-drawn  Vehicles  against 
Electric  Vehicles,'  by  W.  R.  Metz  ;  "  Present  Operation  of  Gaa 
Engines  using  Blast  Furnace  Gas  as  Fuel,"  by  C.  C.  Sampson. 

A  Novel  Shooting  Match  on  the  Life  Target.— On 

Monday  last,  a  team  composed  of  various  members  of  the  Electrical 
Press,  was  defeated  at  a  shooting  competition  by  a  team  of  pre- 
cision marksmen  from  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Yet  the  Press  men 
were  not  altogether  to  blame,  for  it  is  the  characteristic  of  the 
Press  representative  that  he  never  sheds  his  journalistic  instinct, 
and  it  was  hardly  to  be  expected  that  he  should  give  his  undivided 
attention  to  beads  and  barnacles  and  the  like  when  it  is  explained 
that  this  shoot  took  place  in  the  private  range  of  Messrs.  Life 
Targets,  Ltd.,  at  12,  Bow  Street,  W.C,  the  company  that  is  handling 
the  interesting  kinematograph  target  that  has  already  been 
described  in  these  columns.  This  shoot  was  doubly  interesting  in 
that  it  constituted  the  first  animated  target  competition  that  has 
been  held  as  yet,  and  afforded  a  most  interesting  contrast  between 
the  methods  and  achievements  of  the  peep-sight  school  of  bull's-eye 
marksmen  and  the  open-sight  snap-shooting  school.  The  shoot  in 
question  started  with  ordinary  bull's-eye  targets,  the  indicating  or 
marking  device  only  of  the  Life  Target  system  being  employed,  and 
subsequently  each  man  was  confronted  with  an  animated  picture 
of  a  leaping  springbok,  at  which  he  had  to  fire  his  dozen  rounds 
from  a  VVinchester  repeater  in  under  a  minute.  Modern  warfare  will 
undoubtedly  call  for  quick,  accurate  sharp  shooting,  and  the 
results  of  this  shoot  gave  one  furiously  to  think  that  trained 
men,    who    oan   do    bo    well    with    a    bull's-eye   target,   miss   »o 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,fir.2,  Mat  21^,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    IIF.VTEW. 


863 


ofliin  at  rmininir  jramo.  For  tho  bonoflt  of  our  roadorn, 
uiiil  at  tho  rirtk  of  ropotition,  we  would  explitin  that  in  tho 
life-tnr;,Mit  HVHtdni  ono  HreH  at  an  animated  pi(!turo.  and  at  the 
inHtnnt  of  firiiifr  tliiH  Htn|)H  dead,  and  one  i»  able  to  hch  the  rcHult  of 
onti'H  firort,  ho  it  liit  or  niinH,  hy  virtue  of  a  Hniall  pnint  of  li^ht, 
which  18  caiiHcd  by  the  bullet  picToini;  tho  Korecn  atiil  allowin^j  a 
Btron>r  litrht  that  U  behind  it  to  penetrates  the  hole.  After  about 
one-third  of  a  second  tluH  hole  Ih  anloniutieally  cloned,  and  tho 
picture  reHumeB  motion  n  ndy  for  the  next  cliot.  Mr.  1).  ('.  M. 
Iluine,  A.W.I.E.E.,  who,  on  behalf  of  the  company,  placed  the  rani;e 
at  the  diHposal  of  tho  toam«,  ond  explained  the  technical  workinffs 
of  the  ByHtem,  told  uh  that  from  hiH  point  of  view  the  competition 
oonptituted  a  most  intercstintr  obj.ct  lesson  in  support  of  the  very 
claims  and  arguments  the  company  are  daily  advanointf  as  to  the 
real  neoeBsity,  as  well  as  attractiveness,  of  life  tarsrets.  Everybody 
went  away  full  of  the  unusual  and  novel  competition  they  had  been 
privileged  to  take  part  in,  not  unconscious  of  the  fact  that  thoy 
wore  the  pioneers  of  inter-team  shootinir  on  the  new  tarjjet. 

The  I.TI.R.A.  Meetiliff. — The  otlicial  imifrrainmc  of  the 
convention  to  be  held  in  London  on  .lune  17th,  IHth,  I!)th,  2()th  and 
2l8t,  has  now  been  issued,  and  follows  closely  the  preliminary 
announcement  piven  on  page  56.'J  of  our  issue  of  April  Ith.  At 
the  Wednefday  meetingr,  open  to  members  and  delegrates  only,  the 
subjects  for  discussion  are  the  "I.M.E.A.  Bill,"  and  "  Ileatinp  and 
Cookinpr."  On  Thursday  the  special  train  to  King^ston  leaves  at 
9.30  am.,  and  the  meetiufj  commences  at  10.15,  these  times  bein;^ 
earlier  than  oriffinally  announced. 

We  note  with  satisfaction  that  a  demonstration  of  battery-driven 
vehicles  will  be  piven  after  this  meetinjr,  at  which  a  paper  on 
"  Electric  Vt  hides  "  is  beinpr  read.  We  also  notice  that  the  hoped- 
for  visit  to  the  Chingfford  pumping:  station,  to  see  the  Humphrey 
pumps  installed  there,  has  been  arranged  for,  the  time  of  departure 
from  the  I  BE  being:  9  HO  a.m.  All  the  London  excursions  start 
from  the  IE  E.,  where  also  an  exhibit  of  cooking,  heatinfj  and  other 
electrical  appliances  will  be  held  during  the  Convention.  Tickets 
for  the  various  functions  must  be  obtained  in  advance  from  the 
Secretary,  28,  Bedford  Square,  W.C. 

For  Sale. — The  L.C.O.  invites  tenders  for  the  purchase 
of  two  :!,r>00-KW.  steam  alternators  and  two  150-KW.  Bellies  sets. 
See  our  advertisement  poijes  in  this  issue. 

Fatality. — A  correspondent  says  that  at  Oakbank  Oil- 
works,  West  Calder,  Mr.  Thomas  Pentherer,  foreman  plumber,  was 
killed  by  coming  in  contact  with  a  live  electric  wire. 

Copper. — Mid-monthly  returns  (May  15th),  as  set  forth 
in  Messrs.  H.  R.  Merton  &  Co.'s  statistical  circular,  show  increased 
activity  in  the  market  for  this  metal.  That  the  visible  supplies 
still  stand  at  30,243  tons,  being  a  decrease  of  only  194  tons  on  the 
quantity  for  the  end  of  April  is  apparently  due  to  the  increase  in 
French  stocks  of  794  tons,  English  stocks  having  decreased  by 
588  tons,  and  the  quantity  afloat  by  400  tons.  Total  European 
stocks,  including  Rotterdam,  Hamburg,  and  Bremen,  are  less  by 
1,127  tons,  and  the  estimate  for  other  European  ports  reckons  them 
as  holding  400  tons  less  than  for  April  30th.  European  arrivals 
from  North  America  are  strong  at  23.059  tons.  England  and 
France  from  Spain  and  Portugal  receive  only  308  tons,  but  from 
other  countries  well  above  the  average  quantity.  Shipments  from 
Chile  show  small,  and  Australia  under  the  average.  The  total 
deliveries,  at  30,052  tons  for  the  half-month,  are  distinctly  high. 
American  stocks  for  the  end  of  April  were  12,822  tons  less  than 
for  the  end  of  March — a  large  reduction.  The  total  visible  supply, 
including  Holland  and  Germany,  stood  at  77,556  tons  for  April 
30th,  a  reduction  of  14,068  tons  for  the  month,  a  reduction  not 
equalled,  or  approached,  since  May,  1912,  during  which  month 
stocks  were  lowered  14,199  tons. 

Old  Centralians. — A  lawn  tennis  match  between  the 
Old  Centralians'  Tennis  Team  and  the  City  and  Guilds  (Engineering) 
College  Lawn  Tennis  Club,  was  played  on  Saturday  at  the  latter 
club's  ground.  North  Ealing.  The  Old  Students  were  beaten  by 
5-4.     The  score  was  as  follows  :— 

Regnard  (Capt )  and  Saurback  lost  to  B.  Burton  (Capt.)  and 
H.  T.  M.  Kent,  3-6,  7-5,  4-6  ;  beat  J.  V.  and  P.  V.  Dupie,  2-6,  6-2, 
6-4  ;  beat  A.  P.  Dicksee  and  R.  A.  Mack.  6-1,  61. 

Harris  and  Moore  beat  Burton  and  Kent,  6.2,  7-5  ;  lost  to  J.  V, 
and  P.  V.  Dupie,  1-6,  2-6  ;  beat  Dicksee  and  Mack,  6-1,  6-3. 

Ryan  and  Manuel  lost  to  Burton  and  Kent,  3-6.  1-6  ;  lost  to  J.  V. 
and  P.  V.  Dupre,  0-6,  4-6  ;  beat  Dickfee  and  Mack,  6-2,  6-3. 

A  return  match  will  be  plajed  on  June  7th. 

Old  Students  of  the  College  who  are  goed  tennis  players  are 
requested  to  communicate  with  the  Match  Cflptain  (Mr.  Ruhard 
Burton,  c/o  Messrs.  C.  W.  Burton  Griffiths  &  Co.,  1-3,  Ludgate 
Square,  Ludgate  Hill,  E.G.) 


OUR    PEBSONAL    COLUMN. 

Ike  Edi'ort  invtte  electrical  engineers,  whether  connected  with,  the 
technical  or  the.  commercial  side  of  the  profession  and  industry, 
also  electric  tramway  and  railway  officials,  to  keep  readers  of  the 
Electbical  Review  posted  as  to  their  movements.\ 


Central  Station  Officials.— The  Whitehaven  T.C.  on 

May  14th  discussed  a  renommendation  that  instead  of  receiving  an 
increased  salary,  the  electrical  engineer  (Mk.  B.  Sankey)  should  be 
paid  a  bonus  on  the  trade  profits  of  the  undertaking,  the  exact 
basis  on  which  to  calculate  the  bonus  to  be  considered  by  a  Sub- 


Coininitteo.  Mr.  W.  Ilindo  Naid  it  wiiuld  Ui  an  injuiitico  to  Mr. 
Sankey  to  paHs  the  recommendation,  an  therfl  could  in-  no  proflt 
for  a  O'MipIe  of  yenrM  until  the  defl'iit  of  *  I  '!iH  wa«  wifxid  out  ;  hn 
hoix'd  tliiit  Mr  Siiiikey  wonlil  have  an  irii:re(iiM>  Ix-fore  twfi  yearn' 
time.  Other  meiiilxTM  took  thi'  Hrime  vii  w,  and  the  rnntf<T  wa« 
referred  t)n<;k  to  tho  WaUir  and  LiKhtinif  Comniitt>e  for  re- 
conHideration. 

The  Wntford  V  DC.  haH  npiK.intml  Mtt  Chab.  E.  D.  GRKF.VllAI.nn, 
of  the  Malvern  I'.D.C.  oloctriuity  ktaff,  as  obief  a«<ifitant  elcctrioal 
engineer. 

The  General  PurpoBe*  Committfle  of  Norwloh  T.C.  ban  recom- 
mended that  the  salary  of  Mit  F  M.  Lo.n'O,  city  electrical  engineer, 
be  increnxed   from  £ri(in  to  £70(ia  year. 

Mr.  William  Tua\im,  having  acwpted  another  appointment, 
his  resignation  of  the  post  of  chief  aHxixtant  elr>ctriml  enifineer  haM 
be'n  ao'-epted  by  the  HaHting"  t.'orporation.  Th<-  va<;nri<:y  hnH  been 
filled  by  tho  appointment  of  .Mil.  A.  .1.  Rya.n  (amtiHtant  electrical 
engineer  at  Gillingham).  The  falary  ia  £150,  rliiiii(r  by  annual 
increments  of  £10  to   £180  per  annum. 

Mn.  G.  P.  Siiallokoss  has  been  appointed  Corporation  electrical 
engineer  at  Birkenhead. 

A  Nottingham  paper  BayB  that  Mb.  Y.  H.  Comkokt.  who  for  the 
past  ten  years  has  been  the  mains  superintendent  of  the  Notting- 
ham Corporation's  electric  lighting  depirtment,  \»  going  abroad 
permanently.  Mr.  Comfort,  before  serving  under  the  Corporation, 
was  for  22  years  with  the  National  Telephone  Co.,  and  for  a  time 
was  their  chief  inspector. 

Mr.  R.  J.  CouLsoN  Bryant  has  resigned  his  position  at  Portland 
Dockyard  power  station  to  take  up  the  post  of  shift  engineer  at  the 
Lowestoft  Corporation  electricity  works. 

The  Worcester  T.C.  has  promoted  Mb.  H.  H.  Smith  to  the 
position  of  works  superintendent  at  the  electricity  works,  at  a 
salary  of  £  1 50. 

Mu.  Frank  Timms.  of  Newcastle,  has  been  appointed  installation 
engineer  to  theTynemouth  municipal  undertaking. 

At  the  fifth  annual  general  meeting  of  the  Barrow  and  District 
Association  of  Engineers,  held  on  Monday  last,  Mr.  H.  R.  Burnett, 
electrical  engineer  to  the  Barrow  Corporation,  was  re-elected 
president. 

Tramway  Officials. — The  tramway  staff  and  employes  at 

Croydon  have  presented  an  IS-carat  gold  hunter  watch  and  a 
jewelled  and  gold  stud  to  Mr.  H.  B.  Harki.s,  who  recently  resigned 
the  post  of  tramways  engineer  to  the  Corporation. 

General. — The  Times  states  that  the  President  of  the 
Looal  Government  Board  has  appointed  Mb.  H.  H.  Law,  M.Inst.C.E,, 
as  chief  engineering  inspector  to  the  board,  in  succefsion  to  Mr. 
George  Waller  Willco<  k,  C  B.,  retired. 

Ald.  Jas.  Henky  Aston,  chairman  of  the  Borough  Tramways 
Committee  at  Hudders-field,  has  been  appointed  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  the  borough. 

It  is  stated  that  Dr.  Gisbeet  Kapp  will  be  President  of  Sec- 
tion G  (Engineering)  at  this  year's  meeting  of  the  B.A.,  Mr. 
Aspinall  having  had  to  withdraw  owing  to  ill-health. 

Congratulations  to  Mb.  J.  C.  Denison  Denison-Pendeb  on  his 
election  to  the  House  of  Commons  as  the  member  for  Newmarket. 
The  new  member  is  the  son  of  Sir  J.  Denison-Pender  and  a  grand- 
son of  the  late  Sir  John  Pender.  He  is  only  31  years  of  age,  but 
he  goes  to  Westminster  with  a  considerable  knowledge  of  submarine 
telegraph  matters.  Not  only  is  the  name  of  Pender  a  household 
one  in  telegraph  circles,  but  Mr.  Denison-Pender  has  had  personal 
and  practical  experience  in  submarine  telegraph  work,  both  in 
cable-laying  operations  and  as  a  director  of  several  well-known 
companies. 

Me.  F.  R.  Batty  has  resigned  his  position  as  manager  to  Messrs. 
R.  p.  Hulton  &  Co.,  London,  to  take  up  a  position  in  Manchester. 

Obituary, — Mr.  Horatio   A.   Foster. — We  regret  to 

read  in  the  American  Electrical  Bcrieic  of  the  death,  which 
occurred  suddenly  one  afternoon  in  April  in  a  New  York  subway 
station,  of  Mr.  H.  A.  Foster,  who  had  been  connected  with  elec- 
trical affairs  in  the  States  since  1884,  having  been  associated  with 
the  Daft  Electrical  Co.,  the  Thomson-Houston  Electric  Co.,  and  the 
United  States  Census  Office  (electrical  department).  Twenty  years 
ago  he  was  editor  of  an  American  paper  known  as  Electrical 
Industries,  and  he  also  became  associated  with  Prof.  George  Forbes 
and  the  Niagara  Falls  Power  Co.  Later  his  power  station  and 
electric  traction  work  brought  him  into  close  relation  with  L.  B. 
Stillwell  and  B.  J.  Arnold,  and  in  recent  years  he  had  devoted  him- 
self more  to  the  valuation  if  public  utilities  and  the  study  of  trHffic 
conditions.  Many  readers,  doubtless,  are  familiar  with  Foster's 
Electrical  Engineer's  Pocket  Book,  of  which  he  was  the  editor. 

Me.  J.  G.  FiEOEHEN. — The  death  occurred  on  Mny  llth,  after 
several  weeks'  illness,  of  Mr.  John  Gtorge  Fiegehen,  fouiider  and 
principal  of  the  Bedford  Engineering  Co.,  crane  makers,  of 
Houghton  Road.  Ktdfird,  a  business  he  established  about  2t>  years 
ago.     He  was  62  years  of  age. 

Prof.  Heinuich  Weiuu.— The  Times  Berlin  correspondent 
reports  that  Prof.  H- inrich  Weber,  Oidmary  Proffssor  of  Mathe- 
matics at  Strassburg  L^niversity  since  1894,  died  on  Saturday,  aged 
71  years. 

Me.  H.  Bbown. — The  death  occurred  on  Sunday,  after  a  brief 
illness,  of  Mr  Henry  Brown,  who  was  for  many  .\ears  on  the  saff 
at  the  Norwich  Corporation  electricity  works.  He  was  65  years 
of  age. 

Will. — The  late  Mr.  W.  M.  MrsGRAVE,  managing 
director  of  John  Musgrave  6:  Sons,  Ltd.,  of  Bolton,  left  .£2,('>66 
grcss  and  £238  net  personalty. 


854 


THE    ELEOTRICaJL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  72.  No.  1,852,  jiay  23,  1913. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Xitrogron  Products  and  Carbide  Co.,  Ltd.  (128.9S2)— Regis- 
tered May  I'lth,  oy  A.  Blackmao,  194,  GreBham  House,  Old  Broad  Street,  K.C. 
Capital  £2,000,000  in  £1  shares.  Objecte :  To  aciuirc  (I)  from  Nitrate  Pro- 
ducts, Ltd.,  the  rights  (or  tho  whole  world  where  putents  have  been  granted 
(except  Rhineland  and  Westphalia)  for  the  Ostwald  Catalytic  process  for  the 
production  of  nitrii-  acid  and  nitrate  of  ammonia,  tORcther  with  works  at  Vil. 
verde  (Belgium)  having  a  capacity  of  about  3,M>3  tons  of  nitrate  ammonia  per 
annum,  and  the  business  of  that  company  as  a  going  concern,  with  the  bsneflt 
of  svibsiBling  contracts  ;  (2)  from  Dettifoss  Power  Co,  Ltd.,  the  water-power 
in  Iceland  known  as  "  Dettifoss,"  and  which,  when  harnessed  up,  should  be 
capable  of  generating  about  410,000  e  H.r.;  (.S)  options  for  the  purchase  of  three 
water-powers  in  Norway,  known  as  Aura,  Toke  and  Bleskestad-Bratland,  esti- 
mated to  yield,  when  harnessed  up,  abiut  t',00,000  e.h  p.,  and  which  options 
the  company  intend  to  exercise :  and  (4)  the  whole  of  the  share  capital  of 
Nitrogen  Fertilisers,  Ltd.  (i'220,OCO),  whose  works  at  Adda  (Norway)  and  Alby 
(Sweden)  are  at  present  producing  (under  licence  granted  in  1912)  about 
40,000  tons  of  cyanamide  per  annum,  to  adopt  agreements  with  the  said  oom- 
panies,  tooarry  on  the  business  of  artificial  fertilisers,  manufacturers  of  and 
dealers  in  carliides,  oyanamides,  nitrogen.nitrio  acid,  sulphuric  aeld, ammonia, 
sulphate  and  nitrate  o(  ammonia,  oyanamides  nitrolim  (calcium  cyanamide), 
sulphur,  synthetic  rubber  and  chemicals  of  all  kinds,  soaps,  starches  and  other 
products,  chemical  manures  and  fertilising  substances,  electrical,  gas  and 
mechanical  engineers,  tool  makers,  founders,  generators  of  power  by  means 
of  water,  heat,  light,  electricity  or  othetwise.  &c.  The  signatories  (with  one 
share  each)  are  ;— S.  H.  Boileau.  8utherla,nd  House,  Surbiton,  manager  ;  T.  A. 
Day,  3,  Heather  Road,  Grove  Park,  Lee,  S.E.,  clerk ;  A.  H.  Barnett,  99,  Wood- 
side  Gardens,  Bruce  Grove,  N.,  clerk:  G.  W.  Parsons,  Hill  View,  Oakleigh 
Road,  New  Southgate.  N.,  clerk;  H.  C.  Maclure,  99,  The  Drive,  Fulham  Park 
Gardens,  S.W.,  manager;  J.  C.  Harley,  Norbury,  Bidcup,  solicitor;  M.  A. 
Carson,  81,  Princess  Avenue,  Alexandra  Park,  N.,  accountant.  Minimum  cash 
snbscription,  seven  shares.  The  first  directors  (to  number  not  less  than  two 
or  more  than  nine)  are  A.  K.  Barton,  2H,  Chsrles  Street,  Berkeley  Square.  W., 
chairman  (chairman,  Alby  United  Carbide  Factories,  Ltd.);  Albert  Vickera, 
14,  Cadogan  Square,  W.  (chairman,  Vickers,  Ltd.);  Sir  Richard  D.  Awdry, 
K.C.B  ,  65,  Victoria  Road,  Kensington,  W.  (ilirector,  Niibel  Dynamite  Trust 
Co.,  Ltd.);  Sir  Vincent  Caillard,  42,  Half  Moon  Street,  Piccadilly.  W.  (director, 
Vickers,  Ltd.);  C.  H.  Magoiac,  33,  Old  Broad  Street,  E.C.  (director,  Alby 
United  Carbide  Factories,  Ltd.);  Major  C.  H.  Campbell,  Highwood  House, 
Leominster  (director,  Nitrogen  Fertiliters,  Ltd.);  and  Dr.  A.  Petersson,  Adda, 
Norway  (looal  director,  Alby  United  Carbide  Factories,  Ltd.) ;  qualification 
(except  first  directors),  £500  ;  remuneration,  £250  each  per  annum  (chairman, 
£1,250)  and  2J  per  cent,  per  annum  of  the  surplus  net  profits  of  the  company 
after  payment  to  the  thareholdere  of  a  dividend  of  10  per  cent.,  divisible. 
Registered  office,  Winche!<ter  House,  Old  Broad  Street,  E.C. 

H.  Lani^don  Down,  Ltd.  (128,902).— This  company  was  regis- 
tered on  Mav  9th,  with  a  capital  of  £2,000  in  £1  shares  (1,000  "  A  "7i  per  cent, 
cumulative  preference,  99  8"  B  "  lOper  cent,  cumulative  preference  and  2  ordi- 
nary), to  carry  on  the  business  of  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  gas  and  electric 
fittings  and  apparatus,  and  appliances  for  lighting,  extinguishing  and  control- 
ling at  a  distance  gas,  electric  or  other  illuminants,  die.  The  subscribers 
(with  one  share  each)  are  :— H.  L.  Down,  39,  Asmuns  Place,  Hendon,  manager ; 
T.  B.  Shilston,  46.  Cameron  Road,  Illord,  engineer.  Private  company.  The 
number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  five  ;  the  first  are 
H.  L.  Down  (chairman),  and  T.  P.  Shilston  (both  permanent).  Registered 
office,  115117,  Cannon  Street,  B.C. 

Times  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.  (128,964).— This  company  was  regris- 

tered  on  May  14th.  with  a  capital  of  £3,000  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on  the  busi- 
ness of  manufacturers  and  dealers  in  electrical  appliances  and  machinery, 
electrical  and  general  ergineers  and  contractors,  builders,  suppliers  of  elec- 
tricity, &c.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  :— C.  H.  Pa'ersen,  19, 
Thornton  Road,  Barnet,  Herts,  clerk;  L.  E.  Tucker,  5,  Noel  Road,  North 
Acton,  W.,  clerk.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less 
than  two  or  more  than  five  ;  the  subscribers  are  to  appoint  the  first ;  remunera- 
tion, one  guinea  each  per  meeting  attended  (chairman,  10s.  6d.  extra). 
Registered  byC.  R.  Enever,  Broad  Street  House,  E.O. 

Scientific    Researclies   Co.,   Ltd.  (128,910).— This  company 

Avas  registered  on  May  9th,  with  a  capital  of  £150  in  £1  shares,  to  promote 
scientific  research  and  turn  the  same  to  account  commercially,  &c.  The  sub- 
scribers (with  one  share  each)  are  ;— E.  Martin  Harvey,  83,  Lee  Park,  Black- 
heath,  8.E.,  merchant:  A.  Poulter,  19,  Finsbury  Circus,  E.G.,  company 
secretary.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  more  than 
five ;  the  subscribers  are  to  appoint  the  first.  Registered  office,  19,  Finsbury 
Circus,  E.C. 

Kentisli  Town  Motor  and  Electrical  Engrineerin?  Co.,  Ltd. 

(128  927). — This  company  was  registered  on  May  lOtli,  with  a  capital  of  £750  in 
£1  shares,  to  carry  on  the  business  indicated  by  the  title.  The  sub=criberE 
(with  one  share  each)  are  :— F.  Rosser,  31,  Prince  of  Wales  Road,  Kentish 
Town,  N.W. ;  E.  Jackson,  13,  Hadley  Street,  Kentish  Town,  N.W.,  clerk. 
Private  company.  The  first  directors  are  P.  Rosser  and  E.  Jackson. 
Registered  office,  114,  Kentish  Town  Road,  N.W. 

Cable  Constrnction  Syndicate,  Ltd.  (128,872).— This  company 

was  registered  on  May  8ih,  with  a  capital  of  £100  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on 
the  business  indicated  by  the  title.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each) 
are  ;— J.  Storrs,  Fern  Bank,  Stalybridge,  builder  and  contractor  ;  W.  Gornall, 
Kllesmere  Street,  Bolton,  contractor;  J.  Dolan,  Napier  Street,  Warrington, 
builder;  T.  A.  Locan,  23,  Strutt  Street,  Manchester,  managing  director  of  a 
company  ;  C.  Locan,  23,  Strutt  Street,  Manchester,  managing  director  of  a 
company.  Private  company.  The  first  directors  are  J.  Storrs,  W.  Gornall, 
J.  Dolan,  T.  A.  Locan,  Q.  Locan  and  F.  Woods ;  secretary,  T.  A.  Locan. 
Registered  office,  33,  Strutt  Street,  Manchester. 


South  London  Electric  Suwply  Corporation,  Ltd.— Tspue  on 

April  15th,  of  £1,500,  and  on  May  (Tih.  1913,  of  £1,771  debentures,  parts  of  a 
series  of  which  particulars  have  already  been  filed. 

Transvaal  Hydraulic  Power  Syndicate,  Ltd.— A  memoran- 
dum of  satislaction  in  full  on  April  2«th,  1913,  of  debentures  dated  October  27th, 
1911,  securing  £3,000,  has  been  filed. 

James  Keith  &  Blackman   Co.,    Ltd.— Issue  on  May    r,th. 

1913,  of  £270  debentures,  part  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have  already 
been  filed. 

Rawlinps  Bros.,  Ltd. — Mortgage  and  Land  Retristry  Charge 
on  certain  land  and  premises  in  Pembroke  Mews,  Belgrave  Square,  W.,  both 
dated  May  10th,  191U.  to  secure  £10,000,  Holders  :  Alliance  Assurance  Co., 
Ltd.,  1,  Bartholomew  Lane,  B.C. 

Electrical  Trades  Supply,  Ltd. — Particulars  of  *.1,2."«0  deben- 
tures, created  May  9th,  1913.  filed 'pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies' 
(Consolidation)  Act,  190S,  the  whole  amount  being  now  issued.  Property 
charged  :  The  company's  undertaking  aid  property,  present  and  luture,  in- 
cluding uncalled  and  unpaid  capital.    No  trustees. 

Silent    Electric    Clock    Co.,    Ltd.— Particulars    of     £800 

debentures,  created  May  Stb,  19<S,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (8)  of  the  Com. 
panics'  (Consolidation)  Act,  1908.  the  whole  amount  being  now  issued. 
Property  charged :  The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and 
future,    No  trustees. 


OrnCIAL    RETURNS    OP    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


Coast  Development  Corporation,  Ltd.— Mortgrafre  on  electric 

lighting  station  at  WaltonontheNaze,  with  plant  and' other  fixtures  used  in 
connection  therewith,  beneficial  interest  and  goodwill  of  business  carried  on 
thereat,  electric  lighting  poles,  cables,  wires,  4c  ,  and  benefit  of  Walton-on- 
tha-Naze  Electric  Lighting  Order,  1909,  dated  April  30th,  191;!,  to  secure  not 
more  than  £2,000,  of  which  £l,i>.'")0  is  now  advanced.  Holders  :  Misses  E.  B,, 
E.  F.,  M.  A.,  E.  M.  and  G.  B.  Taylor,  all  of  Grove  Park,  Bromley,  Kent. 

Farlngdon  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.  —  Par- 
ticulars of  £1,.')00  debs  ,  created  December  2nd,  1912,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93 
(3)  of  the  Companies'  (Contolidationi  Act,  190k,  the  amount  of  the  present 
issue  being  £100.  Property  charged  :  The  company's  undertaking  and  jiro- 
perty,  present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.    No  trustees. 

Albert  Green,  Ltd.— Particulars  of  £2.000  "B"  debentures, 
created  May  5th,  1913,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3|  of  the  Companies'  (Con- 
solidation) Act,  1908.  the  whole  amount  being  now  issued.  Property  charged  : 
The  comptoy's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and  future,  including 
uncalled  capital.    No  trustees. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Sunderland  District  Electric  Traniuays,  Ltd. 

The    annual    meeting   was   held   at  Winchester  House,   E.C.,   on 
Tuesday. 

Mr.  H.  R.  Hogg,  in  moving  the   adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electhical  Review,  page  822),  congratulated  the  shareholders  on 
the  fact  that  the  property  was  now  under  their  own  management, 
as  it  was  handed  over  by  the  Receiver  the  day  after  the  date  of  the 
accounts.       The  scheme  of  arrangement  with  the  prior  lien  and 
first  mortgage  debenture-holders  was  of  such  a  nature  that,  while 
settling  the  claims  on  an  equitable   basis,   it   reduced   the  fixed 
charges  to  a  point  which  should  be  covered  without  difficulty  by 
the  annual  income,  and  leave  a  balance  in  hand  for  the  interests 
which  successively  followed  after.    The  outgoings  had  been  under 
the  control  of  the  late  Receiver  for  two  years  and  five  months  ;  but 
as  he  was  unable  to  spend  any  of  the  income  on  the  renewal  of 
cars,  most  of  them  were  taken  over  in  a  very  bad  state.    To  remedy 
this,  an  order  for  1 0  cars  was  put  in  hand  at  once,  and  these  had  been 
delivered  and  were  now  running,  and  a  further  six  cars  had  since 
been  ordered.    The  accounts  under  review  had  to  allow  for  full  in- 
terest on  three  sets  of  debentures,  and  this,  with  the  expenses  of 
the  Receivership,  increased  the  old  balance  to  the  debit  of  profit 
and  loss  b^  the  sum  of  £1,175.    For  some  months  in  the  early  part 
of  the  year  the  receipts  were  affected  by  a  strike  of  colliers,  but 
in  the  latter    half  of   the  year  they  did  fairly  well,  and  at  the 
end     the     accounts     showed      a     growth     of     traffic    receipts 
of    £649,  or  over    7  per  cent,  increase  on    those  of   the  previous 
12  months.    During  the  26  weeks  which  had  elapsed  since  the 
closing  of  the  books,   the   traffic  net    receipts   had  increased   by 
£  1 ,8.57  over  the  corresponding  period  of  the  previous  year.    Of 
course,  as   he  had  said,  the  previous   period  was  affected   by  the 
strike,  and  during  the  present  period  there  had  been  the  reduction 
in  the  charges,  but  stitl  there  had  been  a  continuous  increase  in 
the  receipts  from  year  to  year.    The  building  of   houses   along 
the   line  of    route   had   been  steadily    increasing,   which    meant 
probably    that   the    increase  would    continue    in    normal  times. 
He    might    remind    them    of     their    position    when    the    board 
resumed  the  control  of  the  property.    The  cash  accumulated  by 
the  Receiver  amounted  to  £26,417,  but  provision  had  to  be   made 
for  the  payment  of  the  old  prior  lien  bonds,  and  £10,  .500  worth  of 
these  at    105  and   interest  brought  the   total  to    £11,462.     Other 
debts,  amounting  to  £6,735,  had  to  be  paid,  making  in  all  £1S,197. 
Thus  from  that  and  the  sale  of  20,000  new  prior  lien  bonds,  the 
board  had  for  the  necessary  improvement  of  the  rolling  stock  and 
line  just  about  £26,000.    This  would  enable  them  to  provide  the 
necessary  eciuipment  and  make  improvements  for  the  better  work- 
ing of  the  line  and  the  saving  of  expenses.    The  standing  charges, 
i.e.,  the  interests  which  had  to  be  paid  every  half-year,  were  reduced 
to  the  interest  on  £  1 40,000,  as  against  the  interest  which  previously 
had  to  be  paid  on  £196,500.     .t  40,000  of  the  first  mortgage  bonds 
and  £20.000  second   mortgage  bonds,   with   the  interest  accrued 
during  the  receivership,  had  been  replaced  by  bonds  which  only 
received  interest  if  earned  ;  but  the  prior  lien  bonds  were  increased 
by  £9,500.     He  was  sorry  to  say  that  the  company  from  whom 
they  obtained  their  power  had  been  taken  over  by  the  debenture- 
holders  and  sold  to  another  company,  and  thus  they  were  obliged 
to  make  a  new  arrangement  for  the  supply  of  current.     They  were 
not,  perhaps,  in  such  a  good  position  for  bargaining  as  they  were 
at  the  beginning,  but  they  would  do  their  best  to  make  a  good 
bargain,  because,  if  necessary,  they  could  always  erect  their  own 
generating  station.      The  present  balance-sheet  was  very  compli- 
cated, because  of  the  large  amounts  now  standing  to  the  debit  of 
profit  and  loss,  but   by   reducing  the  share  capital  and  writing  off 
these  debit  balances  and  other  assets  which  were  now  only  nominal 
onfs,  the  whole  thing  could  be  simplified,  and  the  board  proposed 
to  bring  that  before  the  shareholders  at  a  later  dfite. 
Mb.  R.  Tavlf.r  seconded  the  motion. 

Answering  Mb.  DePaiva,  the  Chaiemax  said  the  debentures 
were  reduced  to  75  per  cent.,  and  25  per  cent,  was  given  to  the 
debenture-holders  in  income  bonds,  which  would  only  receive 
interest  if  it  was  earned. 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,8r.2,  May  23,  l!)i;i.l 


THE    la.l^^CTRICAL    KEVir^W. 


^55 


iMll.  Dk  I'aixa  Haid  ho  iindoratixKi  llmni  wiim  Home  iirrftii^foiiu'rit 
oomo  to  with  the  iimoui«i-tux  "iiooplo.  Tho  dolu'iituro-holderH  wcro 
to  havo  thif  L'.'i  por  cnnt,  iilliMialcd  to  thmn,  but  Ihi'n  there  wbh 
HOnio  dodnction  iiiudo  ))y  arriiiiKuiiioiit  with  Hann'rHcl  iruuHC. 

Tho  CiiAiiiMAN  Haid  tho  tnattor  had  not  hcon  Huttlod. 

Mit.  Dk  I*ai\  a  Haid  ho  waH  an  iiicotiio-tax  cominiHHioiicr,  and  hud 
had  to  deal  several  times  with  appealH  by  people  who  had  had 
nharoH  allotted  to  thorn  reprcHontini;  arrears  of  dividendH,  and  for 
which  they  fiaid  there  was  no  market  at  all.  They  allowed  an 
appeal  like  that,  and  SomorHct  IIouho  wan  preBHiDt;  tho  company  for 
oanh  they  whould  refuse  to  pay. 

The  CiiAliniAN  said  the  board  had  not  paid  anythincr  bo  far,  but 
they  were  diHouHHinpr  the  matter. 

Mil.  Dk  Pai\  a  said  the  company  should  say  to  Somcrtiet  House, 
"These  shares  are  of  no  value.  If  you  value  them  at  anything, 
will  you  buy  them  ,'" 

The  report  was  then  adopted. 


early  part  of    r.lll.     'the  i;okI  of   their 
to  about   i:7r,ii,000,  which    would    bfj   • 
rcHt?rve   fund.     The    revenue    baUnoe 
amounted    to    t:i.'7,00(),  aitain^t    iiliit.ooo 


int 
>rkl 
•I  1 2 


West  toast  of  America  Tele$^raph  Co.,  Ltd. 

Sir  .1.  Denison-Prndeu,  K.C.M.G.,  presided  on  Tuesday  at  Electra 
House,  E.G.,  over  the  sixteenth  ordinary  general  meetingf  of  the 
above  company. 

In  raovinpr  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Elkctuical  Revikw, 
p.  S2;0,  the  CuAiKMAN  said  that  the  g-ross  receipts  for  1912 
were  i.'53,73K,  ajjainst  £B:t,8'.n,  showing  a  decrease  of  £1.")3.  but 
when  he  pointed  out  that  for  the  eight  months  of  the  year  ending 
December,  rJ12,  tney  were  working  at  a  reduced  rate  of  something 
like  33  per  cent,  on  the  old  rate — that  was  to  say,  a  reduction  from 
38  7d.  a  word  to  28.  !)d. — he  thought  a  decrease  of  only  £150  was  a 
very  satisfactory  item  in  the  accounts.  The  working  expenses  for 
1912  were  practically  the  same  as  in  1911,  showing  a  slight 
decrease  of  about  £44.  Salaries  showed  an  increase  of  1 1 ,090,  rent 
and  taxes  an  increase  of  £200,  travelling  expenses  an  increase  of 
£2(i.5,  and  stationery  an  increase  of  £200.  This  was,  of  course,  a 
considerable  sum.  but  was  counteracted  by  the  cost  of  maintenance 
of  cables  and  land  lines,  which  in  1911  cost  £14,300,  and  in  1912  only 
£12,162.  Therefore,  the  i;2,000gained  on  this  had  gone  towards  the 
reduction  of  the  general  expenses.  These  had  been  carefully  gone 
into,  but  it  was  impossible  to  work  the  company  efficiently  on  less 
salaries,  kc,  which  must  increase  with  the  increase  of  the 
traffic.  The  number  of  days  on  which  the  cable  was 
down  in  1912,  when  they  lost  traflSc,  was  23,  as  com- 
pared with  59  in  1911,  which  was  also  a  satisfactory 
feature.  A  shareholder  had  written  to  him  pointing  out 
that  the  expenses  of  the  company  had  nearly  doubled  in  the 
last  15  years.  This  was  perfectly  true,  but  it  was  pretty  much  the 
same  thing  with  every  company,  whether  it  was  a  cable  or  manu- 
facturing company.  The  increase  in  expenses  had  been  very  large, 
because  wages  and  the  cost  of  materials  had  gone  up,  but  at  the 
same  time  they  must  not  overlook  the  fact  that  the  traffic  during 
this  period  has  also  more  than  doubled.  Another  shareholder  had 
written  with  regard  to  the  future,  and  asked  what  difference  the 
Panama  Canal  would  make  to  them.  That,  of  course,  they  could 
not  say.  At  any  rate,  it  would  be  made  a  new  highway  through 
Central  America,  and  he  could  not  see  that  it  could  do  any  harm 
to  the  West  Coast  of  America.  It  certainly  ought  to  develop  that 
part,  and,  if  anything,  the  company  ought  to  benefit  by  the  opening 
of  the  Canal.  In  conclusion,  the  Chairman  proposed  the  adoption 
of  the  report,  with  the  declaration  of  a  dividend  of  2  J  per  cent. 

Sib  Albert  J.  Leppoc  Cappel  seconded  the  motion,  and  it 
was  carried. 

A  hearty  vote  of  thanks  was  accorded  the  board  aud  staflF. 


Eastern  Extension,  Australasian  and  China 
Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  half-yearly   meeting  was  held  on  Tuesday  at  Electra  House' 
E.G.,  Sir  J.  Wolfe  Barry  presiding. 

In  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Electrical 
Review,  p.  822),  the  Chairman  said  that  the  gross  receipts  for  the 
half-year  amounted  to  £379,000  against  £359,000  in  the  correspond- 
ing six  months  of  1911  ;  an  increase  of  £20,000.  Nearly  £4,000  of 
that  increase  was  derived  from  additional  reserve  fund  investments, 
and  the  remainder  (£ 111, 000)  was  due  to  growth  of  traffic  spread 
over  the  whole  of  the  company's  system.  The  working  and  other 
expenses  amounted  to  £154,000,  showing  a  decrease  of  £5,000, 
partly  due  to  the  expenses  attending  maintenance  of  cables 
having  been  nearly  £2,000  less  last  year  than  in  1911,  and 
partly  to  the  general  expenses  of  stations  having  been  debited 
in  1911  with  the  cost  of  new  relay  and  other  apparatus,  for  which 
there  was  no  corresponding  item  in  the  accounts  for  the  past  half- 
year.  Comparing  the  figures  for  the  whole  year  the  following 
satisfactory  results  were  seen: — The  gross  revenue  for  1912 
amounted  to  -C  747,000,  against  1:089,000  for  1911,  showing  an  in- 
crease of  £58,000,  whilst  the  gross  expenditure  for  the  past  year 
was  within  a  few  hundred  pounds  of  the  expenditure  for  1911. 
Since  December  last  the  depreciation  of  investments,  unfortu- 
nately, had  further  increased  by  about  £17,000,  which 
would  be  dealt  with  during  the  current  year.  The 
cable  which  the  Eastern  Telegraph  Co.  had  arranged 
to  lay  between  Aden  and  Colombo  to  connect  with  their 
new  cables  would  probably  be  completed  towards  the  end  of 
the  current  year,  and  their  further  sections  between  Penang  and 
Hong  Kong  were  expected  to  be  laid  and  opened   for  traffic  in  the 


Tho  chairman  then  rcforrwl  to  the  prop<ii«-il  n<-w  bfticlm  of 
iiH.woiation,  and  remarkot)  that  in  a<lditlon  to  tho  niMMauiarjr  cbMlKM 
to  bring  thctn  up  to  dato.  it  wem  prop«iMj<l  to  rentriot  the  director*' 
borrowing  powers,  which  at  prcMcnt  wero  unlimltijd,  to  twothirda 
of  tho  nominal  amount  of  the  lapitul,  frovixion  won  rImi  ma/Je 
for  tho  appointment  and  payment  of  <;ommitt<-eH  of  the  directoni — 
Huch  payment  not  to  exceed  £1,000  per  annum  without  the 
previous  sanction  of  a  general  meeting.  The  new  articled  slao 
provided  for  the  holding  rif  annual  inHt<uid  of  half  yearly  mbttingt. 

Mu.  F.  A.  ISkva.v  seconded  the  motion. 

The  CJii airman,  in  reply  to  a  Hharcholder,  who  Buggoiitcd  that  in 
view  of  the  flourishing  condition  of  the  company  tho  directora 
might  increase  the  dividend,  said  he  believed  their  policy  of  puttin^r 
their  money  to  reserve  was  one  which  on  the  whole  commended 
itself  to  the  shareholders.  By  that  means  they  ha<l  been  able 
to  maintain  a  steady  dividend  and  to  undertaki-  very  large  exten- 
sions of  their  cables,  thus  giving  the  company  stability  and  abilitjr 
to  meet  the  demands  which  were  constantly  being  made  upon 
them  for  lower  rates,  and  a  consequent  increased  volume  of  traffic 
passing  over  their  cables.  The  directors  still  considered  that  policy 
to  be  the  right  one,  and  that  it  would  be  a  great  mistake,  especi- 
ally at  the  present  time,  to  pay  a  higher  dividend.  With  regard  to 
wireless  telegraphy,  there  had  been  nothing  in  the  development  of 
that  system  during  the  past  year  which  in  any  way  affected  the 
question.  Of  course  everybody  knew  that  it  was  the  intention  of 
the  Government  to  set  up  the  system  in  various  parts  of  the  globe, 
but  as  to  whether  in  view  of  wireless  telegraphy  the  company  waa 
wise  in  extending  its  cables,  the  view  of  the  board  waa  that  it 
would  never  do  for  them  to  be  caught  napping  by  finding  them- 
selves in  the  position  of  not  having  sufficient  cables  to  do 
their  work.  They  could  not  hold  their  hands  and  wait  for 
the  extension  of  wireless  telegraphy,  which  might  or  might  not 
compete  with  them  for  the  traffic.  It  would  be  suicidal  to  pause 
in  any  way  and  let  the  traffic  which  they  had  fall  behind  for  want 
of  proper  cable  facilities. 

The  reported  was  adopted,  and  subsequently  the  new  articles  of 
association  referred  to  by  the  chairman  were  approved. 


Prospectus. — XHrogen  Products  and  Carbide  Co.,  Ltd. 
— The  list  was  to  close  on  21st  inst.  in  an  issue  of  1,231 .000  shares 
of  £1  each,  offered  at  par.  The  company  has  been  formed  to  acquire 
the  undertakings  particularised  in  our  "New  Companies"  section 
to-day.  The  principal  objects  of  the  company  are  to  manufacture  car- 
bide, cyanamide,  nitric  acid,  nitrate  of  ammonia,  sodium  cyanide,  and 
other  nitrogenous  products.  The  company  intends  at  once  to 
proceed  to  harness  up  about  100,000  e.h.p.,  and  to  install  plant, 
embodying  furnaces  of  a  type  entirely  different  from  those  hitherto 
used  at  Odda,  and  capable  of  producing  about  200,000  tons  of 
cyanamide  per  annum.  Of  this  quantity  it  is  intended  that 
100,000  tons  shall  be  utilised  for  conversion  into  about  50,400  tons 
of  nitrate  of  ammonia  at  works  to  be  erected  adjoining  the 
cyanamide  factory,  and  that  of  the  remaining  100,000  tons  of 
cyanamide,  part  shall  be  used  in  the  manufacture  of  sodium 
cyanide  and  the  balance  shipped  to  various  parts  of  the  world, 
where  plants  will  be  installed  for  converting  it  into  nitric  acid. 

Ral«»:oorlie  Electric  Power  and  Lighting:  Corpora- 
tion, Ltd.— The  directors  report  that  for  the  year  to  December 
31st  the  decrease  in  the  profit  is  chiefly  due  to  the  damage  done  to 
the  plant  and  transmission  lines  by  the  violent  cyclone  which 
occurred  in  February  of  last  year.  The  direct  cost  of  rebuilding 
the  damaged  works,  including  new  material,  amounted  to  £2.436  ; 
the  actual  loss  of  revenue  and  the  extra  cost  of  operating  during 
the  reconstruction  of  the  condensing  plant  amounted  to  about  a 
further  £2,500.  The  amount  of  power  sold  was  larger  than  in  any 
previous  year.  In  accordance  with  the  usual  custom,  £7.500  has 
been  placed  to  reserve  for  depreciation  and  renewals,  bringing  that 
account  up  to  £38,000.  The  balance  to  be  carried  forward  is  £992. 
The  directors  much  regret  that  the  financial  position  does  not  permit 
them  to  recommend  the  payment  of  a  dividend  on  the  ordinary 
shares.  A  new  unit  of  plant  has  been  sent  to  Kalgoorlie  and  is  now- 
being  erected,  and  will  be  in  operation  during  the  latter  half  of  this 
year.  It  consists  of  a  1,080-b.h.p.  Parsons  turbine  and  a  750- kw. 
alternator.  The  synchronous  motors,  referred  to  last  year,  have 
also  been  sent  out.  When  these  new  items  of  plant  are  working, 
higher  efficiency  will  be  attained,  resulting  in  a  lower  cost  per  unit 
of  power. 

Traction  and  Power  Securities.  Ltd.— The  directors 

report  that  the  profit  and  loss  account  for  the  year  1912  shows  a 
credit  balance  of  £31,259,  plus  VXW*'  brought  forward,  making 
£41,25,">  to  be  dealt  with.  The  directors  have  transferred  £3'.',Cu0 
to  investment  reserve  account,  leaving  a  balance  of  £11.2 "5  to  be 
carried  forward.  The  investment  reserve  account  now  stands  at 
£  1911,000  The  F'nmnc'uil  -\>(/>  says  that  the  company's  loan  to  the 
Clyde  Valley  Electrical  Power  Co.  has,  since  the  date  of  the  balance- 
sheet,  been  repaid  out  of  the  proceeds  of  an  issue  of  preference 
shares  made  by  the  Clyde  Valley  Co.  In  view  of  the  liquidation 
of  this  loan,  the  directors  have  been  approached  by  an  intiuential 
body  of  shareholders  with  the  request  that  a  portion  of  the  paid-up 
share  capital  be  repaid.  After  full  consideration,  the  board  have 
resolved  to  recommend  the  repayment  of  £2  per  share  on  the  issued 
shares,  the  nominal  value  of  such  shares  being  at  the  same  time 
reduced  from  £10  to  £8  per  share. 


856 


TB:E    ELECTRICi^-Ti    SEVISW, 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,852,  Mat  23,  1913. 


Coventry  Electric  Tramways  Co. 

The  directors'  report  for  1912  stated  that  during  the  year  the  com- 
pany received  from  the  Coventry  Corporation  payment  of  the 
pnrchase  price  of  the  nndertakinp.  in  accordance  with  the  arbitration 
award,  so  that  the  asset  appearing  in  the  last  balance-sheet,  under 
the  head  of  construction  and  equipment  account,  does  not  appear 
upon  the  present  balance-sheet.  The  amount  received  from  the 
Corporation  was  4:202,132,  add  sundry  other  receipts  amounting  to 
£S".  stock  reserve  as  per  last  balance-sheet  sK3."<8,  makiDg  total 
capital  receipts  of  .i:L'02,.")78  :  deduct  capital  outlay  as  per  last 
bilance-sheet  £2ul,lSti.  leaving  net  surplus  npnn  construction  and 
equipment  account  of  £1  392  Oat  of  the  funds  received  the  com- 
pany has  paid  off  the  liabilities  appearing  in  the  1912  balance- 
sheet,  including  £34,000  on  mortgage  bonds,  £21,470  new  General 
Traction  Co.'s  account  and  sundry  other  creditors.  The  income 
received  during  the  year  under  review  amounts  to  £6..59(">,  After 
deducting  mortgage  interest  and  other  charges,  there  is  left  a  profit 
of  £j.440.  to  which  is  added  £L'.iO  brought  forward,  making  £.".,089 
available  for  distribution  as  dividend.  The  directors  recommend 
that  this  amount  be  appropriated  as  follows  :  —  .<.'). .125  to  the  pay- 
ment of  a  dividend  at  8s.  6d.  per  share,  and  £164  carried  forward. 
In  January,  1913.  the  directors  refunded  to  the  shareholders  by  way 
of  a  return  of  capital  £129.350,  amounting  to  £9  198.  per  share,  in 
accordance  with  the  resolution  passed  at  the  extraordinary  general 
meeting  held  on  Kovember  8th,  1912.  This  still  leaves  a  balance 
out  of  the  purchase  money  which  will  in  due  course  be  distributed 
amoDg^t  the  shareholders, 


Potteries  Electric  Traction  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  Monday,  at  the  Electrical  Federa- 
tion OflBces,  Kingsway,  W.C.,  Mr.  G.  F.  M.  Cornwallis-West  pre- 
siding. 

The  Chaibmas,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electrical  Review,  page  SIS),  congratulated  the  shareholders 
upon  the  result  of  the  year's  working,  especially  considering  the 
serious  effects  of  the  coal  strike  at  the  commencement  of  the  year, 
and  the  inclement  weather  of  the  whole  of  last  summer.  Dealing 
with  the  capital  account,  £2,558  had  been  spent,  £1,551  being  on 
account  of  the  improvement  and  ref^onstruction  of  the  permanent 
way.  He  did  not  want  them  to  go  away  with  the  idea  that  all  recon- 
struction work  was  paid  for  out  of  capital.  Where  they  had  to 
put  down  a  heavier  rail,  which  was  a  considerable  item  of  expen- 
diture, they  had  debited  that  amount — that  was  the  difference 
between  the  original  cost  of  the  lighter  rail  and  that  of  the  new 
rail— to  capital  account  L'nder  all  other  headings  this  expendi- 
ture had  been  debited  to  revenue  or  to  renewals.  The  traffic 
showed  a  decrease  which  he  considered  small  when  they  took  into 
consideration  the  two  adverse  factors  already  alluded  to.  The 
total  amonnt  was  o&ly  £5^5  As  he  informpd  them  last  year, 
the  traffic  receipts  showed  up  to  the  commencement  of  the  strike  an 
increase  of  £790  over  those  for  1911.  At  the  end  of  the  strike  that 
increase  was  turned  into  a  decrease  of  over  £2,50n,  so  that,  roughly 
speaking,  thev  lost  £3.500.  These  figures  would  give  them  some 
indication  of  the  probable  results  of  the  year's  working,  but  for  the 
labour  trouble.  On  the  top  of  this  absolute  loss  of  £3,500,  it  must 
be  remembered,  in  considering  the  revenue  account,  that  an 
additional  burden  was  thrown  upon  the  staff  in  the  maintenance 
of  the  service.  Fuel  had  to  be  obtained  at  any  price,  and  in 
addition  to  being  costly,  it  was  of  a  very  inferior  quality  ;  it  was 
even  necessary  to  go  to  the  length  of  obtaining  coal  from  out-crops 
in  the  district,  and  the  energies  and  resources  of  the  staff  during 
this  trying  period  deserved  the  highest  praise.  The  parcels  receipts 
continued  to  show  increases,  and  the  advertising  receipts  remained 
at  about  the  same  figure  as  the  year  before.  Under  the  heading 
of  sundry  receipts,  there  was  an  apparent  decrease  of  some 
£1,900,  but  this  was  entirely  accounted  for  by  the  different 
manner  in  which  they  were  dealing  with  the  sale  of  scrap  materia]. 
In  past  years  all  cash  so  received  wa.=  credited  to  sundry  receipts  ; 
this  year  the  value  of  the  scrap  sold  was  credited  to  the  work  in 
hand  from  which  the  scrap  was  taken,  as  shown  in  the  balance- 
sheet,  where  the  sum  of  £2,085  was  credited  to  renewals  account. 
Interest  and  dividends  on  their  holding  in  the  Xorth  Staffordshire 
Tramways  remained  the  same  as  last  year.  On  the  other  side  of 
the  revenue  account,  despite  the  difficulties  under  which  they  were 
working,  their  power,  running,  and  parcels  expenses,  had  not 
increased  in  total  :  in  fact,  they  showed  a  small  decrease  of  about 
£100.  and  administration  expenses  also  remained  at  about  the  same 
figure  as  last  year.  Repairs  and  maintenance,  after  excluding  the 
sum  to  which  he  had  already  referred  as  realised  for  the  sale  of 
scrap,  showed  a  reduction  of  £l,4f.4.  He  wished  most  emphatically 
to  state  that  they  might  not  look  forward  to  any  reduction  in  the 
future  in  this  item  of  expenditure.  In  the  year  1905  he  went  very 
fully  into  the  details  of  a  financial  arrangement  they  were  making 
for  the  renewal  of  the  permanent  way.  In  that  year  £2,500  was 
allocated  to  be  set  aside  for  renewal  purposes.  Year  by  year  the 
contributions  to  that  fund  had  been  increased,  viz.,  £3.500  in 
1907,  £5.409  in  1D08,  £7.090  in  1909,  £7.525  in  1910,  £12,000  in 
1911,  and  this  year  £12,500.  That  meant  they  had  set  aside  a  sum 
of  £50,000  during  the  last  seven  years  for  renewals.  They  were 
able  to  forecast  within  certain  narrow  limits  the  probable  expendi- 
ture in  the  years  to  cjme,  and  in  dealing  with  this  point,  he 
thought  he  should  tell  the  shareholders  that  they  were 
at  present  negotiating  with  the  Corporation  of  Stoke 
for  an  extension  of  their  tenure.  As  they  all 
knew,  under  the  present  Act  and  Light  Railway  Orders,  the 
tenure  of  the  tramways  expired  in  1917,  and  of  the  light  railways 
in  1932.    Xegotiationa  were  proceeding,  and  they  would  readily 


appreciate  that  they  were  of  a  somewhat  delicate  nature,  bo  that 
until  final  terms,  or  otherwise,  were  arrived  at.  it  was  not  advan- 
tageous to  go  more  fully  into  the  details.  Directly  the  matter 
was  settled  one  way  or  the  other,  all  the  shareholders  would  be 
apprised  of  the  fact.  He  mentioned  that  now.  because  of  its  bear- 
in?  on  the  amount  they  proposed  to  set  aside  to  the  renewals 
fund.  If  they  were  able  to  prolong  the  tenure,  those  amounts 
would  be  somewhat  varied,  but  he  would  say  this  :  that 
in  all  probability  in  the  next  eight  or  nine  years, 
assuming  they  came  to  terms  with  the  Corporation,  there 
would  for  certainly  three  or  four  years  be  shown  a  balance 
carried  forward  on  the  debit  side  of  the  renewals  fund,  which 
would  be  more  than  made  up  a  few  years  afterwards,  when  they 
would  see  a  b-'g  amount  on  the  credit  side.  Summarising  the 
result  of  the  year's  working  they  might  look  upon  it  in  this  way  : 
They  were  able  to  provide  £500  more  for  renewals  ;  place  the  same 
amonnt  to  reserve,  pay  the  same  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares, 
and  carry  forward  £l:i6  less  than  was  brought  into  the 
account.  In  other  words,  despite  labour  troubles  and  in- 
clement weather,  they  were  £3(i5  better  than  in  1911,  which 
was  almost  a  record  year  for  the  company.  With  regard  to 
the  present  year,  the  conditions  were  satisfactory,  and  there 
was  a  very  substantial  increase  in  the  traffic  receipts  for  this 
year,  as  compared  with  1912,  but  they  must  bear  in  mind  that  the 
period  they  were  dealing  with  compared  with,  the  period  last 
year  in  which  the  strike  occurred.  Still,  the  receipts  were  close 
on  £(;,000  up,  as  compared  with  last  year.  That  was  very  satis- 
factory. 
Mb.  S.  Meab  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was  adopted. 


Swiss  Electrical  Companies. 

The  Ahhnniulatnren  Fahrih  Oerlihun.  of  OeiHlon,  reports  that  tte 
workshops  were  satisfactorily  employed  in  1912,  and  the  turnover 
increased,  particularly  in  heavy  batteries.  After  placing  £5,000  to 
the  depreciation  fund,  as  against  £5,400  in  1911,  the  accounts  show 
net  profits  of  £12,700,  as  contrasted  with  £12,400  in  the  preceding 
year.  The  dividend  is  at  the  rate  of  20  per  cent,  on  a  share  capital 
of  £48  000,  the  same  as  in  1911. 

Tli/t  Si'cicir  Franco- Suisse  /lovr  V In/instrie  Electrigve,  of  Genera, 
reports  total  receip's  from  interest,  dividends  on  investments,  &c., 
of  £104,000  in  1912,  as  compared  with  £95,000  in  the  previous 
year.  The  payment  of  interest  on  the  loans  of  £944.000  leaves  net 
profits  of  £50  000,  as  against  £47,000  in  1911.  It  is  intended  to 
distribute  5  per  cent,  on  the  share  capital  of  £1,000,000,  this  rate 
contrasting  with  4i  per  cent,  in  the  precef^ing  ye->r. 

The  Srhiveizfrhehe  (ieselhchaft  fur  Elchtrhrlie  Jndvtlrie  {Swiss 
Electrical  Iniiiistry  Co.'),  which  is  an  investment  trust  closely  asso- 
ciated with  the  Siemens  &  Halske  Co,,  has  an  ordinary  share  capital 
of  £800,000  and  4  J  percent,  bonds  of  £I.200,f00  and  5  per  cent, 
bonds  of  £600,000,  the  last  of  which  were  issued  in  1912.  Accord- 
ing to  the  report  for  1912  the  gross  profits  amounted  to  £130,000, 
as  compared  with  £102  000  in  the  preceding  year,  and,  after 
deducting  intere-t  on  bonds  and  defraying  general  expenses  and 
taxes,  the  net  profits  are  returned  at  £09,000,  as  against  £50  000  in 
1911.  It  is  proposed  to  pay  a  dividend  of  7  per  cent.,  being  the 
same  rate  as  in  the  previous  year. 

The  Motor  AG.  fur  Angrxuartdie  Elelitrizitat,  of  Baden  (AppVed 
Electricity  C*>.),  which  is  intimately  connected  with  Brown,  Boveri 
and  Co.,  reports  an  extension  of  its  sphere  of  activity  in  the  working 
of,  or. investment  in,  electrical  undertakings  in  1912.  The  share 
capital  was  nominally  increased  by  £400.000  to  £1,200,000,  the 
p^id-up  capital  being  £916,000,  and  a  further  loan  of  £200,000  at 
41  per  cent,  was  issued,  thus  raising  the  loan  capital  to  £1,000,000. 
As  gross  profits  from  the  operation  of  works,  installation  business 
and  investments,  the  accounts  indicate  the  sum  of  £123,000,  as 
comparfd  with  £95,000  in  1911.  After  meeting  general  expenses, 
interest  on  loans  and  depreciation,  the  net  profits  and  balance  forward 
total  £68.000  as  against  £53,000  in  the  previous  year.  It  is  intended 
to  pay  a  dividend  of  7  per  cent.,  as  contrasted  with  6J  per  cent, 
in  each  of  the  two  preceding  years.  * 

The  report  of  the  Elehlrizitat.t  Gexelhchoft  Aliofli,  of  Battle,  most 
of  whoFe  share  capital  is  held  by  Brown,  Boveri  «fc  Co.,  of  Baden, 
states  that  the  specialisation  of  production  and  the  division  of 
work  among  the  different  works  were  carried  out  in  1912,  and  the 
way  thereby  paved  towards  the  ultimate  transfer  of  the  Miinchen- 
stein  shops  to  Brown-Boveri.  The  construction  of  new  types  of 
motors  was  commenced  in  the  spring,  and  the  erection  of  locomo- 
tives was  added  late  in  the  autumn.  During  the  second  half  of  the 
year  the  company  was  very  well  employed,  and  a  number  of  uncom- 
pleted orders  were  brought  over  into  the  new  year.  The  realisation 
of  the  credit  with  the  former  representatives  in  Italy  had  been  fully 
effected,  and  that  in  the  case  of  the  Spanish  company  had  been 
almost  entirely  carried  out,  whilstthe  liquidation  of  buxine ss  in  France 
was  proceeding  along  a  normal  course.  Asa  result,  it  had  been  possible 
to  redeem  the  whole  of  the  banking  credit  of  £00,000.  In  addition,  the 
4  J  per  cent,  loan  of  £80,000  had  heen  paid  off,  the  Brown-Boveri  Co. 
having  made  an  advance  for  this  purpose.  The  profits  for  1912 
amount  to  £18,900  as  compared  with  £19,.500  in  1911.  and  after 
allocating  £7,000  to  depreciation  as  against  £6,800,  the  balance 
permits  of  the  payment  of  a  dividend  of  4  J  per  cent,  on  the  share 
capital  of  £240,000,  being  the  same  rate  as  in  1911. 


Tramways    and    General    Works    Co,,    Ltd.— The 

directors  report  for  the  year  ended  March  3 1st,  a  profit,  including 
£151  brought  forward,  of  £1,142.  A  dividend  of  le.  per  share  is 
recommended  carrying  forward  £142. 


VoL  72.    No.  l.ftr,;',  May 


191.3.] 


TIIK    ELKCTRTCAL    IM'AII'.W. 


857 


lMexlH)rou|i;li    anti    ItnwmarHli   Construction 
Svniiicate,  l/td. 

Thk  annual  nirotinjr  was  held  at  .3.  Lauronco  Pountnc^  Hill,  B.C., 
on  Monday,  Mr.  L.  B.  Si;hl(«inirPr  preHidinsr. 

In  mnvintr  the  adoption  of  the  report  (nee  Kl.KC.  Rkv.,  p^ifO 
81U),  and  the  dcchiration  of  a  dividend  at  the  rale  of  2  per  cent. 
per  annum,  the  ("li.MitMAN  Haid  that  the  expenweH  of  workirnj 
amounted  to  the  small  total  of  flit  1")H.,  and  the  balance  of  £;t,.'i22 
was  £20  in  excess  of  the  dividend  received  from  the  Mexborouifh 
and  Swinton  Tramways  Co.  No  charere  had  V)ocn  made  by' the 
National  Klectric  Construction  Co.  for  the  services  of  senretar^, 
offices,  and  clerical  staff.  The  directors  had  acain  waived  their 
fees.  The  balance  to  the  credit  of  profit  and  loss  account  was 
£3,(l!l.i,  compared  with  tl,.")!'  for  1911,  the  difference  bein>j  due  to 
the  reduced  amount  received  from  the  Mexboroufjh  and  Swinton 
Tramways  Co.  by  way  of  dividend.  Referrinj?  to  the  accounts  of 
the  MexborouKrh  and  Swinton  Tramways  Co.,  the  chairman  said 
that  the  traffic  revenue  showed  a  decrease  of  £.'j()6.  which  was 
■wholly  attributable  to  the  coal  strike.  When  he  addressed  them  on 
April  I'jth  last  year,  the  traffic  receipts  at  that  date  showed  a  decrease 
of  about  £400,  as  compared  with  the  corresponding  period  of  the 
previous  year,  and  althoufrh  he  expressed  the  hope  that  they 
mit;ht  make  up  this  deficit  by  the  end  of  the  year,  his  hopes  were 
LiOt  realised.  The  trallic  receipts  for  the  current  year  up  to  the 
16th  inst.  showed  an  increase  of  £936  over  the  correspondinij  period 
of  last  year.  There  was  a  decrease  of  £128  in  the  profit  derived 
from  the  tramways  undertakingr,  which  could  be  attributed  solely 
to  the  decrease  in  revenue,  as  the  workine  expenses  were  less  than 
those  for  1911.  The  results  of  the  Rawmarsh  electric  lisrhting' 
undertaking  were  unsatisfactory,  as  they  showed  a  loss  of  t21 1.  as 
compared  with  a  profit  of  £138  in  1911.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
Swinton  undertaking  showed  a  profit  of  £91,  aerainst  £37  in  1911. 
Here  agrain,  however,  the  coal  strike  had  hit  them  badly,  as 
it  had  all  supply  undertaking's  throughout  the  country.  In 
January  of  1912  they  were  paying-  for  coal  6s.  3d.  per  ton.  In  June 
this  had  risen  to  8s  6d.  per  ton.  and  in  December  to  9s.  6d.  The 
total  cost  for  fuel  amounted  to  £1,901,  as  compared  with  £1,.572  in 
1911,  an  increase  of  £329,  which  was  almost  wholly  due  to  the 
increased  cost.  During'  the  year  1,069  8-c.p.  lamps  were  connected 
to  the  mains),  and  at  the  present  moment  negrotiations  were  in  hand 
for  several  motors.  They  had  also  been  requested  by  a  colliery  to 
quote  terms  for  thesupply  of  something  like  800,000  or  900,000  units  per 
annum,  and  this  matter  was  having  the  attention  of  their  engineers 
at  the  moment.  If  such  a  consumer  could  be  obtained  on  reason- 
able terms,  their  accounts  would  show  very  differently  indeed,  as 
it  would  practically  double  their  output.  The  plant  extensions 
referred  to  in  the  report  should  be  completed  about  the  end  of 
September,  and  thev  would  effect  substantial  economies  in  working. 
If  they  got  the  Bill  for  which  they  were  applying,  it  would  enable 
them,  at  a  comparatively  small  capital  expenditure,  to  connect 
with  the  tramways  the  populous  districts  of  Wath,  Denaby  and 
Conisborough.  The  additional  population  to  be  served  would  be 
about  30,000.  These  districts,  although  within  a  mile  or  so  of  their 
tramway  system,  had  no  connection  with  it  ;  in  fact,  they  had 
practically  no  travelling  facilities  at  all,  and  it  was  originally 
anticipated,  he  thought  with  reason,  that  the  tramways  would  be 
taken  advantage  of  by  the  inhabitants  of  these  districts,  but  this 
had  not  been  the  case,  or  at  least,  only  to  a  very  small  extent,  but 
with  such  a  system  in  operation  it  should,  in  addition  to  earning  a 
good  profit,  have  a  very  beneficial  effect  on  the  revenue  of  the 
tramway  undertaking,  to  which  it  would  act  as  a  feeder.  The 
directors  had  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  if  the  powers  were 
granted,  there  should  be  an  immediate  increase  in  value  of  the 
shareholders'  property.  While  they  bad  had  a  set-back  this  year, 
owing  to  the  coal  strike,  they  had  no  reason  to  be  discouraged. 

The  report  was  adopted. 


Deatsch-Atlantische  Telegrapben  Gesellscbaft, 

The  report  of  the  German  Atlantic  Telegraph  Co.lstates  that  the 
Atlantic  cable  traffic  experienced  a  further  development  in  1912, 
and  that  on  the  Vigo  sable  increased  in  one  direction,  and  slightly 
declined  in  the  other.  During  the  year  one  of  the  company's 
Atlantic  cables,  as  well  as  the  Vigo  cable,  was  interrupted  for  short 
periods.  Nevertheless,  it  was  possible  to  deal  with  the  traffic  on 
the  other  cable  sections  without  much  delay.  The  repairs 
were  carried  out  promptly  and  comparatively  quickly  by  the  cable 
steamer  (jross/ierzog  I'on  Oldeiihiin/,  notwithstanding  the  very 
unfavourable  weather  whi-h  prevailed.  The  Norddeutsche 
Seekabelwerke,  in  which  th3  company  holds  an  interest  of 
£150.000,  has  been  engaged  on  the  manufacture  of  the  Monrovia- 
Togo-Cameroons  cable  for  the  German  South  American  Telegraph 
Co.,  as  well  as  on  various  telephone  and  telegraph  cables  for 
abroad,  and  the  Seekabt-lwerke's  dividend  of  10  per  cent,  for  1912 
will  be  brought  into  the  accounts  for  1913.  The  introduction 
of  the  Heurtl^y  system,  whereby  a  considerable  increase  in 
the  speed  of  transmission  on  cables  is  rendered  pos*»ible,  waa 
almost  completed.  In  the  case  of  the  Vigo  cable  the  result 
had  been  that  the  traffic,  which  would  have  necessitated  a  doubling 
of  the  cable  in  the  near  future,  could  now  still  be  handled  with 
the  single  cable.  The  general  introduction  of  radiotelegraphy  on 
ships  had  yielded  a  satir^factory  volume  of  traffic  to  the  cables 
through  the  coastal  stations,  and,  instead  of  being  a  competitor,  it 
had  grown  into  a  valuable  feeder  to  the  cables.  Concerning  the 
"  L.C."  private  telegrams  at  half  rates,  which  were  brought  into 
operation  on  January  let,  1912,  the  report  records  a 
good  development  and  a  permanent  increase,  and  it  is 
also    mentioned     that     the     rates    for    Press    messages    were 


reduced  from  f.O  pfenniifM  Ui  3.-,  pfeiinii^"  f«d.  to  Ijd  )  '« 
December  Inf,  I'.M'.'.  A  further  eitinnion  of  the  xy^U-m  of  the 
telegraphic  IrnnHmii'tion of  money  hail  tnken  pliw:*^  by  thu  inclunion 
of  the  neightxmring  countrii-H  of  I,uxemtiurg  and  .Swil/'-rUnd.  It 
is  alHo  Hiutid  that.  lh(!  ubliiittlion  to  lay  cabt«n  for  the  I'lTtUKuena 
Government  in  the  A/.  )reH  hud  been  dixchariTMl  \>j  lh«  PMtabli-hment 
of  wireleHH  connectioMH  at  a  winifle  comI  of  £l(J,0<tl>.  The  »w;ounU 
show  gross  receipts  of  £2h>,i)iHi  for  1912,  ■«  comparwl  with 
£267,000  in  the  previous  year.  Aflcr  meeting  general  i-x|j»ni«:s  and 
taxes,  the  cost  of  cable  n  pairs,  and  placing  £30.0()0  to  the  cable 
redemption  fund,  as  against  £29,700  in  1911,  the  net  profits  are 
returned  at  £139,700,  as  contrasted  with  £1  11,000  in  the  precedinjf 
year.  It  is  proposed  to  pay  a  dividend  of  7  J  per  cent,  on  the  share 
capital  of  £1  l'00,000,  being  the  same  rate  ao  in  each  of  the  two 
previous  years. 

German  Electrical  Companies. 

Thk  EU')tlr,<lrch.  FaUnk  Jllii-yill  Max  Si-lnircl,  ,v  T...  records  an 
increase  of  60  per  cent,  in  the  turnover  in  1912,  although  sellinir 
prices  did  not  keep  pace  with  the  higher  cost  of  raw  materials.  A« 
net  profits  the  accounts  indicate  the  bum  of  £9,900,  as  against 
£9,800  in  1911,  and  the  dividend  at  8  per  cent,  ia  the  same  as  in 
the  previous  year. 

The  L'lfklroc/irniiM'/ii-  llVrA/-,  of  Ili-rlin-Ilili,,f<l(I,e»rneA  gro»B 
profits  of  £82,000  in  1912,  as  against  £89,000  in  the  preceding  year, 
the  net  profits  being  £60,000  aa  compared  with  £67.t)0O  in  1911. 
It  is  intended  to  distribute  10  per  cent.,  being  at  the  same  rate  ae 
in  1911.  Most  of  the  departments  at  Rheinfelden  and  Hitterfeld 
are  leased  to  the  Griesheim  Elektron  Chemical  Co.,  the  company 
restricting  its  operations  to  the  production  of  oxalic  acid. 

The  financial  statement  of  the  Sar/i.i,-„iii-rk  Licht  und  Kmft 
A.G.,  of  Midprmllit:,  records  gross  profits  of  £39.000  for  1912,  as 
contrasted  with  £27,800  in  1911.  Depreciation  absorbs  £8,7oO.  aa 
compared  with  J;6,.50J,  and  the  net  profits  were  £30,300,  a«  against 
£21,300  in  the  previous  year.  It  is  proposed  to  pay  a  dividend  of 
6  per  cent.,  as  in  1911.  The  orders  on  hand  on  January  Ist,  1913, 
were  30  per  cent,  in  excess  of  the  preceding  year,  and  the  increase 
in  orders  this  year  indicates  favourable  prospects. 

The  accounts  of  t\x^  ynrddcut^rhe  Seihahfhi eihi'.  of  yordenhnm, 
whose  share  capital  is  held  in  equal  halves  by  the  German  Atlantic 
Telegraph  Co.  and  the  Felten  i:  GuiUeaume  Co  ,  fchow  that  the 
sura  of  £26.000  has  been  placed  to  depreciation  in  1912,  as  compared 
with  £33,000  in  the  preceding  year.  The  amount  placed  to  the 
reserve  fund  is  £2,300,  as  against  £16,00(t  in  1911,  whilst  the  bene- 
volent fund  receives  £1,.500,  as  contrabted  with  £r,..500.  As  net 
profits,  the  accounts  indicate  £51,000,  as  compared  with  £72.'iOO  in 
191 1,  and  a  dividend  of  10  per  cent,  is  proposed  on  the  share  capital 
of  £300,000,  being  the  same  rate  as  in  the  previous  year. 

The  report  of  the  Kahchrrik  Diihhvrt/,  of  iJiiifbur;/.  states  that 
all  departments  were  well  employed  in  1912.  The  selling  prices  for 
insulated  wires  and  insulating  tubes  slightly  advanced,  and  satis- 
factory prices  were  realised  for  lead  cables,  m  which  business  was 
active  especially  for  State  and  communal  authorities.  The  gross 
profits  were  £73,000,  as  again^t  £60,000  in  191 1,  and  the  provision 
made  for  depreciation  is  £21,000,  aa  compared  with  £16,000.  Out 
of  the  net  profits  of  £23,800,  as  contrasted  -nith  £23,<iOO  in  1911, 
it  is  intended  to  pay  14  per  cent,  on  the  share  capital  of  £112,500, 
being  the  same  as  in  1911.  The  share  capital  is  now  to  be  raised  to 
£150,000  in  order  to  provide  for  the  extension  of  the  works. 

The  Bfivt.sche  Kahhrer'kc.  of  Berlin-RvmmcUhurg,  state  that  the 
volume  of  bui-iness  transacted  in  1912,  was  con.-iderably  greater 
than  in  the  previous  year.  Including  the  balance  brought  forward, 
the  gross  profits  reached  £75,000,  as  compared  with  £60,000  m 
1911.  After  deducting  general  expenses,  taxes  and  interest  charges, 
and  apportioning  £12,000  to  depreciation,  as  against  £5,800  the 
accounts  show  net  profits  of  £31,000,  as  contrasted  with  £24.000  m 
1911.  The  dividend  in  contemplation  is  at  the  rate  of  8  per  cent., 
this  comparing  with  7  per  cent,  in  the  preceding  year.  An 
abundance  of  orders  had  been  brought  over  into  the  new  financial 
year,  and  the  turnover  had  so  far  shown  an  increase.  It  is 
mentioned  that  the  subsidiary  companies  experienced  a  further 
favourable  development  in  1912.  The  Union  Cable  Co.,  ot  Dagen- 
Eam.  whose  new  factory  was  set  in  operation  last  autumn,  is  weU 
employed  at  the  present  time. 

The  directors  of  Voigt  .<•  Haeffr.er,  of  Fran1ifoit-on-Mah>.  re^rt 
that  a  considcable  increase  in  the  turnover  took  place  in  1912.  the 
business  extending  to  almost  all  countries.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
cost  of  raw  materials  was  greater,  and  larger  expenses  had  to  be 
incurred  for  ■nage.'^.  The  disquiet  produced  by  political  events,  and 
the  dearness  of  money,  did  not  have  any  disadvantageous  effect 
upon  the  undertaking  during  the  year,  althongh  it  must  be 
assumed  that  a  continuance  of  these  conditions  will  cause  reserve 
in  the  allocation  of  orders.  The  orders  brought  over  into  the  new- 
year  exceeded  in  value  those  of  the  previous  year,  but  indications 
in  the  direction  mentioned  are  already  on  hand.  The  gross  profits 
amounted  to  £141.000.  ai  compared  with  £100.000  in  1911,  and 
after  meeting  general  expenses  ard  ordinary  depreciation  the 
accounts  exhibit  net  profits  of  £72,000.  as  against  £42.000.  It  is 
intended  to  distribute  10  per  cent,  for  1912.  being  the  same  rate  as 
in  each  of  the  five  preceding  years,  and  the  si'm  of  £2.i,0o0 
hsks  been  placed  to  extra  depreciation,  as  contrasted  with  £5,o00 
in  1911.  ^,.     , 

The  report  of  the  Ahiminium  Industrie  (fos>'Uschaft.  of^i'iiftfui'-n. 
for  1912,  states  that  the  exceptionally  low  price  of  the  meUl  had 
opened  up  many  uses  for  aluminium,  which  had  favourably 
influenced  the  development  of  the  industry,  and  enabled  the  com- 
pany to  dispose  of  the  whole  of  the  production.    In  the  meantime 


858 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EE^TEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,85-',  May  I'S,  1913. 


a  new  agreement  has  been  concluded  between  the  aluminium  works 
for  the  purpose  of  secnriner  stability  in  prices  and  a  constaut  exten- 
sion of  the  markets.  The  company's  subsidiary  departments — 
those  for  the  oatpnt  of  carbide  and  nitric  acid — had  yielded  results 
in  accordance  with  expfctations.  After  placinp  thei-um  of  £.".6,000 
to  depreciation  in  1912,  as  compared  with  £45.0C(i  in  I'.Ul.  the 
accounts  showed  net  profits  of  £148,000,  as  against  £92,000,  these 
being  increased  to  £1.^3.000  and  fl.SI.OOo  in  the  two '  years 
respectively  by  the  inclusion  of  the  balance  brought  forward.  A 
dividend  at  the  rate  of  2u  per  cent  has  been  declared  on  the 
paid-up  capiUl  of  £52u,000  out  of  a  total  nominal  capital  of 
£1,040.000,  this  contrastiner  with  H  per  cent,  in  each  of  the  two 
preceding  years.  Out  of  the  balance  of  net  profits  the  amount  of 
£24,000  has  been  allocated  as  a  first  in-talment  to  a  fund  intendfd 
for  the  gradual  payment  of  the  unpaid  ordinary  shares  of  £."<20,C00. 
The  company  has  realised  its  investment  of  £.=jo,000  in  the  electric 
steel  works  of  R.  Lindenberg,  and  devoted  the  proceeds  mainly  to 
depreciation  in  connection  with  the  Marseilles  and  Goldschmiedm- 
Trotha  subsidiary  companies.  At  the  recent  meeting  it  was  stated 
that  the  prospects  for  the  current  year  were  favourable,  judging 
from  the  coarse  of  business  during  the  first  four  months. 


Allmana  Svenska  Elektriska  A.  B. 

The  annual  report  for  li'12"of  the  Swedit^h  General  Electrical  Co. 
has  recently  been  published.  The  company  has  a  capital  of 
£33.3, 33.S,  which  is  equally  divided  between  ordinary  shares  and  pre- 
ference shares.  The  dividends  to  be  paid  are  10  psr  cent,  on  the 
preference  shares  and  8  per  cent,  of  the  ordinary  shares,  as  com- 
pared with  9  per  cent,  and  7i  percent,  in  1911.  The  net  prcfite 
amounted  to  £3o,S77  in  1912,  £28,555  in  1911,  £24,833  in  1910,  and 
to  £16,333  in  1909.  The  gross  profits  for  1912  amounted  to 
£50,6t'>6,  as  compared  with  £42,166  for  1911,  £31,000  for  1910  and 
£22,666  for  1909. 
The  course  of  business  is  shown  in  the  following  table  : — 

1908.  1909.  1910.  191112. 

Toniover £610,000  jesoe.OOO  £733,333  £711,100  £777  400 

Valae  of  exports  68,333  68,777  117,444  174.777  212  333 
Orders    in    h«nd,    per 

December  3l5t,  1912    . .  —  —  186,500  905.000  276  SCO 
Ejipnes  and    machines 

deUvered  3,760  3,815  5,5f6  6,011  8,roi 

1.000  KW 140  105  2.S0  220  272 

Number  ot  workmen      . .  2,167  2,3£4  2,462  2.627  2,780 

The  above  table  shows  in  all  figures  a  distinct  improvement  and 
increase,  as  compared  with  the  previous  years.  The  only 
exception  is  to  be  found  in  1909,  which  year,  however,  was  quite 
exceptional  on  account  of  the  large  and  prolonged  strike.  The 
increase  of  the  export  figures  is  especially  remarkable,  and  the 
progress  is  even  more  striking  if  a  comparison  be  made  with  the 
value  for  190<",.  when  it  only  amounted  to  £27,000.  The  exports  have 
in  the  course  of  seven  years  thus  increased  at  a  ratio  of  nearly  1  :  S. 
The  flourishing  state  of  the  export  branch  may.  to  a  great  extent 
be  explained  by  the  enormous  requirements  for  electrical  machinery 
of  the  Norwegian  nitrate  industry,  which  was  the  companv's  best 
customer.  As  regards  the  prices  obtained,  these  are  stated  to  have 
been  rather  low,  but  this  has  been  more  than  outweighed  by  the 
increa«d  volume  of  business.  In  regard  to  future  prospects,  it  is 
stated  that  there  is  no  indication  of  any  slackening  of  the  dfmand 
for  electrical  goods  and  machinery,  at  all  events  as  far  as  1913  is 
concerned.  With  the  view  of  securing  more  business  in  future,  it 
is  the  intention  of  the  directors  to  enter  into  a  closer  connection 
with  a  financial  institution,  so  as  to  enable  the  company  to  take  an 
active  part  in  the  promotion  and  financing  of  enterprises. 


Belgian  Electrical  Companies. 

The  Society  GineraU  Beige  i' Erdrppr'uea  Electr'iqufi,  of  Brume] n. 
which  is  an  investment  company,  earned  gross  profits  of  £§4,000 
in  1912  as  contrasted  with  £76,000  in  the  previous  year.  After 
making  provision  for  general  expenses,  interest  on  loans,  and 
making  other  appropriations,  the  accounts  exhibit  net  profits  of 
£62.000  as  against  £5:i000  in  1911,  the  directors  recommend  a 
dividend  of  10  per  cent.,  this  comparing  with  9J  per  cent,  in  1911. 

The  report  of  the  Suriete  Anonymi^  A. E.G. — T'nim  Electrupie 
states  that  the  general  industrial  development  which  was  mani- 
fested at  the  beginning  of  191?.  enabled  the  company  to  again  con- 
siderably extend  its  business.  Whilst  the  augmentation  which  took 
place  in  1911  was  chiefly  in  connection  with  central  stations  and 
tramways,  the  increase  in  1912  arose  principally  from  the  expansion 
in  industrial  transactions  and  in  general  sales.  This  result  was  due 
the  decentralisation  of  the  organisation  which  had  been  undertaken 
in  recent  years  by  the  establishment  of  five  offices  at  Antwerp, 
Ghent,  Lit'ge,  Charleroi  and  Brussels,  The  extension  of  the  busi- 
ness had  necessitated  an  increase  of  10  per  cent  in  the  number  of 
the  perumnel  employed,  which  amounted  to  722  workers,  staff  and 
engineers.  The  length  of  the  working  day  had  been  reduced  by 
1  0  per  cent,  and  the  annual  average  wages  of  the  workers  and 
assistants  advanced  from  £52  Iris,  in  1911,  to  £62  I'.x.  last  year. 
After  making  provision  for  depreciation  of  raw  materials  and 
manufacturers'  and  works'  plant,  the  accounts  show  net  profits  of 
£15.800,  or  approximately  the  same  as  in  1911.  It  is  proposed  to 
pay  a  dividend  of  6  8  per  cent  for  1912,  being  the  same  rate  as  in 
the  preceding  year,  on  an  ordinary  share  capital  of  £140.000. 

The  directors  of  the  AtfUi-rt  de  Conxfrvciwns  EUctritjtiet  de 
OuirUrm  report  a  considerable  increase  in  the  orders  booked  in 
1912,  all  the  departmenta  being  abundantly  provided  with  work. 


The  value  of  the  orders  amounted  to  £771,000  as  compared  with 
£576.000  in  1911,  and  the  company's  customers  were  retained  not- 
withstanding" the  efforts  put  forward  by  foreign  competitors. 
Including  the  balance  brought  forward  the  accounts  indicate 
profite  amounting  to  £78,0o0,  of  which  £39,900  has  been 
devoted  to  depreciation,  thus  leaving  a  balance  of  £38,100,  It  is 
intended  to  pay  a  dividend  of  Us,  lOd.  per  share  on  the  paid  up 
rapital.  The  share  capital  was  increased  to  <;  800,000  in  December 
1912,  and  the  prtniium  of  £  SO. 000  realised  on  the  issue  has  been 
applied  to  writing  down  the  value  of  the  works,  so  that  the- 
Cbarleroi-Msreinelle  construction  works,  the  Charleroi-la-Villete 
works,  the  iron  and  bronze  foundry  an^  the  cable  factory,  wire 
drawing  mills,  and  tube  factory  now  stand  at  the  value  of  one 
franc  only  in  each  case.  The  company  gives  employment  to  2.500 
persons.  During  the  past  year  orders  for  electric  motors  for  rolling 
mills  have  been  executed  for  a  number  of  the  leading  metallurgical 
concerps  in  Belgium,  including  the  Cockerill  Providence.  Sambre- 
et-Moselle.  Metallurgique  du  Hainaut  Athus  Grivegnee,  Esperance- 
Longdoz  Clabecq.  and  Thy-le-Chateom  Companies.  An  extensive 
business  was  done  in  electric  winding  engines  and  other  electric  plant 
for  collieries,  installations  of  this  kind  having  been  put  down  at  the 
Marcinelle  Nord,  Bonne  Fin,  Shepy  Bracqnegries,  Andre-Dumont, 
A:c.  Electrically-operated  mining  pumps  have  also  been  supplied 
to  the  Grand  Horun,  Grand  Conty,  Reunis,  and  Ongree-Marihaye 
collieries.  Considerable  activity  has  also  prevailed  in  the  pr(v 
duction  of  steam  turbines  and  alternators,  plants  of  this  kind 
having  been  completed  for  the  Societc  de  Gaz  et  de  I'Electricite 
de  Hainaut,  the  Bruvels  Municipality,  La  Socicic  de  I'Electricite 
de  rOuest  de  Belgique,  La  Sociiti'  de  I'Electricite  du  Brabant,  La 
Compagnie  Ausiliaire  d'Electricitc,  La  Rociete  des  Tramways  de 
Tientsin  (China),  inc.  In  the  electric  cable  department  of  the  com- 
pany the  value  of  the  orders  secured  was  equal  to  three  times  that 
of  those  of  the  previous  year,  several  important  contracts  for  cables 
for  from  15,000  to  18,000  volts  having  been  completed,  while  the 
manufacture  of  30.000-volt  cables  has  been  commenced.  Among 
the  orders  recently  completed  or  on  hand,  are  cables  for  the 
Socii'to  des  Tramways  Broxellois,  the  Ghent  Tramways,  the  Ostend- 
Blankenberghe  Electric  Railway  Co.,  La  Societe  Anxiliare  de 
rElectricite,  La  Societe  Bmxelloise  de  I'Electricite,  4:c. 


I^'ew  General  Traction  (o.,  Ltd. 

TuE  directors'  report  and  accounts  for  the  eight  months  ended 
March  Slst,  1913,  states  that  since  .luly  31st,  1912.  the  date  of  the 
last  balance-sheet,  the  liaV)ilitie8  of  the  company  had  been  reduced 
out  of  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  the  Coventry  undertaking  by 
the  repayment  of  loans  amounting  to  £40,700,  by  the  redemption 
of  the  balance  of  £68.000  prior  lien  debentures,  and  by  the  repay- 
ment of  £41,700  of  5  per  cent,  mortgage  debentures,  leaving 
£  1.".8,:K>0  .')  per  cent,  debentures  still  outstanding.  The  revenue 
received  and  accmed  from  tbe  various  sub-companies  amounted  to 
£19,013  for  the  period  under  review.  The  general  expenses,  in- 
cluding director.*'  fees  and  legal  charges,  amounted  to  £  1,799.  The 
accounts  for  the  period  show  a  profit  of  £10,288,  to  which  is  added 
£4,090  brought  forward,  making  a  total  of  £14.978  available  for 
distribution.  The  directors  recommend  that  this  sum  should  be 
appropriated  as  follows  :  £10,480  to  the  payment  of  a  4  per  cent, 
dividend,  less  income-tax,  and  that  £4.498  be  carried  forward.  The 
dividend  received  from  the  Coventry  Electric  Tramways  Co.  for  the 
year  ended  December  3l8t,  1912,  was  8s.  6d.  per  share.  The  accounts 
of  the  Norwich  system  show  that  there  was  an  increase  in  the 
traffics  for  the  year,  and  a  decrease  in  the  expenses.  A  dividend  of 
:!  per  cent,  was  received  from  that  company  for  the  year  ended 
June  30th,  1912,  as  against  2  per  cent,  for  the  previous  year.  The 
Douglas  Southern  Electric  Tramways,  Ltd.,  paid  6  per  cent,  on  its 
preference  shares.  The  income  received  from  the  Philadelt>hia 
nndertaking  was  in  respect  of  the  six  months  ended  December  31st, 
1912,  and  amounted  to  £6.965.  The  directors'  reports  and  accounts 
of  the  Coventry  Electric  Tramways  Co..  the  Norwich  Electric  Tram- 
ways Co.,  and  the  Douglas  Southern  Tramways,  Ltd.,  are  annexed 
to  the  report,  and  we  publish  them  on  other  pages  to-day. 


Anirlo-Anierican  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd.— Ad  extra- 
ordinary general  meeting  of  the  shareholders  of  the  above  company 
was  held  on  Monday  at  Winchester  House,  E.C..  Mr.  F.  A.  Bevan 
presiding,  when  the  resolution  whic-h  was  passed  at  the  extrordinary 
general  meeting  held  on  April  29th,  providing  new  articles  of 
association,  was  confirmed  as  a  special  resolution. 

Submarine  Cables  Trust.   Ltd. — At  this  company's 

meeting  on  Wednesday  the  chairman.  Sir  J.  Denison-Pender,  reported 
that  the  receipts  for  the  year  1912  were  £25,4!'t;  and  the  exfwnseB 
£1,714.  After  adding  the  sum  brought  fomard,  the  available 
balance  was  £23,8.")0. 

.Melbourne  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.— The  directon 

have  df  clared  a  dividend  of  4  per  cent,  actual,  free  of  income-tax, 
on  the  £300.0(10  consolidated  ordinary  stock,  in  respect  of  the  half- 
year  to  February  28th.  The  Eina/icc-r  says  that  should  the 
earnings  of  the  company  continue  to  show  the  same  satisfactory 
expansion  as  they  have  done  hitherto,  the  directors  anticipate  that 
the  dividend  on  the  consolidated  ordinary  stock  for  the  complete 
financial  year  ending  August  31st  will  be  10  per  cent. 


Vol.  73.    No.  l,8r,:',  May  I'll,  191:1.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    'JctEVIEW. 


869 


Calcutta  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd. 

]\!k.  Paok.'i'  V.  LuKK,  C.I.E.  (chairman),  presided   on   May  IBlh,  at 
tho  ofllceH,  SaliHbury  Houhc,  E.G.,  over  the  annual  mn'tinir. 

The  (InAlHMAN,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  Nee 
V,\.KC,ruiCAL  Ukvikw,  pn(fe  818),  paid  the  capital  expenditure  during 
the  year  waw  C  127, .")(>'.•,  largely  on  account  of  machinery  and  niainK 
in  connection  with  their  new  hi|;h-teiiHion  (jeneratiinr  station  at 
CoBBipore.  The  total  capital  outlay  up  to  Deceniher  '.Wnt  amounted 
to  t  l,Uil,18().  It  waH  natisfactory  to  note  that  in  letting  the  con- 
tractt)  for  the  work  in  connection  with  the  hijih-tent-ion  nlaticn, 
there  wag  a  very  conHiderahle  caving  which  went  towardH  the  coht 
of  several  additionH  to  the  original  fcheme,  the  demand  for  which 
aroHe  as  the  work  proftreHsed.  The  revenue  account  thowfd  on  the 
debit  Hide  a  normal  increase  in  running  cobIb  duo  to  a  larper  out- 
put. On  the  credit  side  there  was  a  satisfactory  increace  in  the  eale 
of  current,  both  for  lighting  and  power  purpoBes.  LaBt  year  he 
expressed  the  hope  that  the  supply  of  hiph-tension  current  from 
their  new  station  would  begin  in  .luly  or  Augupt.  As  u  matter  of 
fact,  the  new  machinery  was  in  position  in  July,  but  owiuir  to 
dithcultieH  which  not  infreciuently  arose  when  startinp  new  plant, 
it  was  found  necessary  as  a  precautionary  mcoeuro,  to  keep  some  of 
the  old  stations  running  longer  than  was  anticipated.  But  for 
this,  there  would  have  been  a  considerable  saving  in  working 
expenses.  The  amount  to  the  credit  of  depreciotion  and  renewals 
was  £79,310,  and  with  the  increase  of  £:i.5,000,  which  it  was  pro- 
posed to  add,  it  would  amount  to  £111, 310,  which  was  a  handsome 
figure,  but  none  too  large  when  they  bore  in  mind  the  big  additions 
to  capital  expenditure.  It  was  also  proposed  to  add  to  the  reserve 
fund  the  sum  of  £5,000,  and  in  future  to  credit  to  this 
fund  the  dividends  on  investments  which  amounted  during  last 
year  to  £1,987.  Owing  to  the  depreciation  of  some  of  the  gilt- 
edged  securities,  the  directors  had  decided  to  write  £1,500  off  their 
value  to  the  debit  of  the  revenue  account.  The  most  important 
feature  of  the  year  was  the  opening  of  the  high-tension  station  at 
Cossipore.  The  initial  difficulties  connected  therewith  had  been 
successfully  got  over,  and  they  were  now  in  a  position  to  meet  any 
demands  for  current  likely  to  arise  in  the  immediate  future.  The 
increasing  demand  for  current  in  the  Ilowrah  district  had 
culminated  in  a  20-years'  contract  for  lighting  the  streets.  Two 
heavy  cables  were  successfully  laid  across  the  Hooghly  River,  and 
their  old  generating  station  at  Ilowrah  had  been  turned  into  a  sub- 
station served  from  Cossipore.  This  laying  of  cables  aorops  a  strong 
tidal  river  was  a  work  of  no  small  magnitude,  and  their  staff  had  to 
be  congratulated  on  its  successful  achievement.  The  estimated 
outlay  in  connection  with  the  Ilowrah  extension  amounted  to 
£18,400.  A  demand  for  current  had  arisen  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Chetla,  a  district  to  the  South  of  Calcutta,  where  rice-pulling 
mills  were  being  erected.  It  had  been  decided  to  extend  their 
mains  to  Chetla  and  to  open  a  sub-station  there.  Although  these 
outlays  represented  a  very  large  expenditure,  it  was  gratifying  to 
see  that  the  profits  of  the  company  continued  satisfactory,  and  that 
there  was  no  difficulty  in  maintaining  the  rate  of  dividend  recf  ntly 
paid.  The  Calcutta  improvement  scheme  bad  now  entered  on  its 
second  year,  and  they  might  soon  see  some  of  the  proposed  schemes 
put  into  force,  the  carrying  out  of  which  should  tend  to  promote  a 
demand  for  electric  energy.  There  was  every  indication  that  the 
question  of  the  economical  use  of  electricity  in  place  of  steam 
had  reached  an  acute  stage,  and  the  directors  hoped,  with 
the  new  high-tension  plant  now  at  their  disposal,  that  the  Cor- 
poration would  be  able  to  supply  current  at  a  price  which  would 
induce  mill  managers  and  other  large  consumers  to  come  to  them 
for  the  power  they  might  require.  The  difficult  matter  of  the  rates 
to  be  charged  for  current  was  one  which  had  the  fullest  attention 
from  the  directors  and  the  consulting  engineers.  The  supply  of 
current  at  the  cheapest  possible  rate  must,  however,  be  made  con- 
sistent with  a  profit  satisfactory  to  the  shareholders  and  the  build- 
ing up  of  a  sufficient  reserve  for  contingencies.  In  December  last 
one  of  the  directors  (Major-General  Mahon)  went  to  Calcatta  to 
inspect  the  undertaking  and  report  to  the  board.  He  went  very 
thoroughly  into  the  methods  of  working  and  accounts,  and 
his  visit  and  report  had  been  of  the  greatest  assistance,  not  only 
to  the  board,  but  to  the  agent  in  Calcutta,  where  arrangements  had 
been  made  which,  it  was  believed,  would  ensure  economical  and 
efficient  management  of  the  company's  affairs,  and  prepare  the 
way  for  carrying  out  the  further  extensions  which  must,  in  due 
course,  become  necessary.  As  regarded  the  transfer  of  the  Capital 
to  Delhi,  the  manager  reported  that,  as  expected,  it  had  not  affected 
the  prosperity  of  the  company  to  any  extent.  It  was  with  much 
regret  that  he  had  to  inform  them  of  the  retirement  of  their 
agent  and  manager,  Mr.  F.  Rawson,  C.M.G..  who  had  so  ably  con- 
trolled their  affairs  in  Calcutta  for  the  past  5i  years.  He  had 
piloted  the  company's  business  through  a  difficult  time  with  much 
tact  and  ability,  and  with  great  success,  as  the  report  in  their 
hands  testified.  He  was  only  leaving  because  he  had 
no  wish  to  remain  another  hot  season  in  a  tropical 
climate,  and  he  would  ask  the  shareholders  to  accord  him  a 
cordial  vote  of  thanks  for  his  services.  Mr.  R.  E.  Winkfield, 
M.I.E.E.,  who  had  been  the  chief  engineer  of  the  company,  and 
had  performed  his  duties  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  board,  and  who 
on  several  occasions  had  acted  as  agent  and  manager  in  the 
absence  of  Mr.  Rawson,  had  been  appointed  agent  and  chief 
engineer.  The  board  felt  satisfied  that  in  making  this  appoint- 
ment they  were  consulting  the  best  interests  of  the  shareholders. 
The  whole  of  the  staff  arrangements  of  the  company  had  been 
reorganised,  in  consequence  chiefly  of  the  opening  of  the  Cossipore 
station,  and  5Ir.  Winkfield  would  be  assisted  on  the  engineering 
side  by  a  deputy,  and  also  on  the  commercial  side  by  the 
deputy  agent.  In  making  the.se  new  arrangements.  General 
Mahon's  report  had  been  of  much  aasistpnce  to  the  board.     The 


chairman  next  alluded  to  the  qunntion  of  directoni'  extra 
remuneration.  They  were  of  opinion  that  the  timn  had  come 
when  a  nmximura  nhoiild  l>c  fixed  to  the  ixfra  remiineratioD, 
and  accordingly,  inHteiul  of  prrjxjning  an  &lterntioD  (n  the 
articleH  of  anKOciution,  they  had  paHH<d  a  rerolution  to  limit,  fnr 
the  prc^sent,  the  muximiim  Hum  to  Ixi  divirltd  aiiiomrnt  the  directom 
in  any  one  year  to  ilL'.rjOO.  The  agent  and  the  »t«(I  h»d  |«mc(1 
through  an  arduous  year  of  work  coniuqaent  npon  tbn  entire 
change  of  the  methodH  of  generating  anri  dihtributinir  electrical 
enerey.  and  the  hatihfactory  rehult  of  the  year'*  working  wn»  in  no 
small  measurf^  du<!  to  the  excellent  manner  in  which  they  bad 
carried  out  their  duti<B.  The  agent  bore  testimony  to  thin  good 
work  of  the  htuff  in  his  unntial  riport,  and  their  fervicen  were  well 
deserving  of  their  apiireciatic  n.  He  waH  Bure  it  would  lie  the  wi»h 
of  tho  shareholderH  that  the  whole  Btaff  of  the  corpoiation  kboold 
shore  in  its  pro^perity.  To  thiB  end  the  directors  had  in  rifew  a 
scheme  for  acuoidiiig  a  yearly  bonuB  to  the  staff  leaked  DjKjn  the  net 
annual  profitH. 

Coi,.  1'.  .1.  (J.  MiUKAV  Bfcorded  the  motion. 

Ma.iokGknkhai,  R.  II.  Mahon  tpcke  at  eome  length  on  the  con- 
ditien  of  affairs  in  India,  and  the  reeult  of  his  vioit  as  therepre- 
Ferilative  of  the  board,  and  said  that  having  carried  out  a  good 
many  similar  iuBpections,  he  had  teldcin  found  more  to  praise  and 
lefs  to  take  exception  to.  Their  thanks  were  due  to  Sir  Alex. 
Kenmdy  and  Mr.  Jenkin  for  the  admirable  lay-out  of  the  central 
generating  station,  and  the  dependent  sub-stations,  which  were 
arranged  eo  as  to  l)e  capable  of  extension,  to  a  practically 
unlimited  extent  at  the  minimum  of  cost.  Their  engineers  in 
Calcutta  were  also  deserving  of  thanks  for  thesuccesBful  conclasion 
of  their  strenuous  task  of  changing  from  the  old  fystcm  of  supply 
to  the  new,  without  a  moment's  inconvenience  to  the  public.  As  to 
the  plant  itself,  they  had  had  a  few  minor  difficulties,  but  these  had 
been  surmounted,  atd  the  latest  returns  reported  an  economy  of 
production  which  was  the  principal  justification  of  the  directors  in 
sanctioning  the  large  outlay.  He  had  alfo  inspected  the  whole 
office  systfm  which  was  inaugurated  by  Mr.  Reeves,  their  secretary, 
when  he  visited  India  some  years  ago,  and  which  had  proved  sound 
and  durable.  Gen.  Mahon  referred  to  the  question  of  the  rates  to 
be  charged  for  electricity,  and  said  that  as  the  result  of  prolonged 
consideration  the  board  had  announced  sptcial  low  rates  for  very 
large  manufacturers.  He  was  informed  that  there  was  in  Calcutta 
approximately  6(),tiO(i  ii.p.  in  use  and  available  for  their  enterprise, 
and  so  far  they  had  only  absorbed  a  comparatively  small  fraction. 

CoL  FiLGATE  suggested  that  the  board  might  when  possible 
give  a  small  bonus  to  the  ordinary  shareholders,  which  might 
afterwards  crystalise  into  an  increased  dividend.  He  also  referred 
in  eulogistic  terms  to  the  services  of  Mr.  Rawson,  and  pointed  out 
that  during  that  gentleman's  term  of  office  of  five  years  the  net 
profits  had  practically  doubled  whilst  the  capital  had  only  increased 
by  a  third. 

The  Chaih.man  expressed  the  hope  that  the  time  would  come 
when  the  company  could  pay  a  bonus. 

The  report  was  adopted. 

On  the  motion  of  Col.  Filgate,  a  resolution  was  passed  regret- 
ting the  retirement  of  Mr.  Rawson,  and  expressing  the  appreciation 
of  the  i-bareholders  of  his  servicf  s  to  the  company. 

The  Chairman  pointed  out  that  whilst  theirs  was  a  commercial 
undertaking,  yet  they  were  engaged  in  a  work  which  was  of  real 
benefit  to  the  people.  He  was  constantly  told  that  the  conditions 
of  life  in  Calcutta  had  altogether  changed  since  the  introduction 
of  electricity. 


Nor-wich  Electric  Tramwajs  Co. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  June  30th,  1912,  shows 
that  the  total  receipts  were  £36,713,  an  increase  of  £1,069,  and  the 
total  expenditure  was  £26.730,  a  decrease  of  £429.  The  net  profit 
was  £9,983,  an  increase  of  £1,498.  The  above  amounts  for  expen- 
diture include  debenture  interest,  donations  and  London  expenses. 
Adding  £1,013  brought  forward  from  last  year  (after  paying  the 
dividend  and  providing  for  the  reserve),  there  is  a  total  of  £  10,996 
to  be  dealt  with.  The  directors  recommend  that  of  this,  £2,500 
should  be  put  to  the  reserve  fund  account,  £7,920  to  the  payment 
of  3  per  cent,  dividend  for  the  year  ended  June  30th,  1912,  and 
£576  carried  forward. 

1911.  1912. 


Carmiles  run 
Passengers  carried 
Earnings  per  car-mile  . . 
Expenses  per  car-mile  . . 
Earnings  per  passenger 


1,039.385 

8,190.019 

8-23 

5-65 

0-99 


1,060,453 

8,817,963 

839 

6-50 

0-97 


Altrincliam  Electric  Supply,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ending  December  Slst,  1912, 
says  that  during  the  year  76  new  installations  have  been  con- 
nected to  the  mains,  making  an  addition  representing  10.449 
30-watt  lamps.  After  allowing  for  various  disconnections  and 
re-connections,  there  were,  at  December,  1912,  1,382  actual  con- 
sumers and  an  equivalent  of  87,631  30-watt  lamps  connected  to  the 
mains.  Twenty-nine  installations,  comprising  t;55  30-watt  lamps, 
were  in  progress.  There  has  been  an  increase  of  nearly  88,000 
units  sold,  and  notwithstanding  considerable  additional  expenses 
incurred  during  the  coal  strike,  and  certain  repairs  to  the  boilers, 
the  total  cost  of  generation  has  been  only  slightly  in  excess  of  that 
for  the  previous  year.  Further  capital  expenditure  amounting  to 
£5,777  has  been  made  during  the  yetu-.  Of  this  amount  £3,279 
was  for  plant,   and   £1,626   for   mains.      The  re-construction  on 


860 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW, 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,852,  Mat  23,  1913. 


modern  lines  of  the  hiph-tension  and  low-tension  Bwitchboards  at 
the  greneratinp  station  has  been  satisfactorily  completed,  and  suit- 
able extensiuns  added  to  control  the  new  plant.  Thfi  company  was 
frranted  a  provisional  order  extending:  the  anthorised  ar«-a  of 
supply,  which  order  received  the  Royal  Assent  on  Aup'.ist  7th, 
1912.  The  accounts  show  a  profit  for  the  period  lovered  of 
£.'),712,  makinjT  with  the  balance  of  £78  brought  forward  £.5,790, 
and  this  has  been  dealt  with  as  follows  :— Written  off  old  &toik, 
i-^OO;  general  reserve  for  depreciation,  £1,000  :  general  reserve 
account,  £3, .500  ;  leaving  to  be  carried  forward.  £490.  In  view 
of  the  sum  expended  on  capital  account  during  the  year,  and  the 
considerable  sums  shown  to  be  due  for  loans  and  to  the  company's 
bankers,  the  directors  much  regret  that  they  are  unable  to  recom- 
mend the  payment  of  a  dividend.  Mr.  Henry  Wolfenden  and  Mr. 
William  Murray  have  retired  from  the  directorate,  and  Mr.  Charles 
Jermyn  Ford  has  been  elected  a  director  and  chairman  of  the 
company  to  fill  the  vacancy  created  by  the  retirement  of  the 
former. 

The  meeting  was  held  on  May  8th,  at  the  oflSces  in  Queen  Street, 
E.C. 

Units  generated— Gross 1,129  .'i'Q 

Pumps,  4c.,  motorB       fifi  S"J3 

Ne» 1,CC2,426 

Units  sold— B;  contract 19(1,765 

By  meter,  private  oonsumers           STG.ifiS 

Total  sold 667,028 

Used  OS  works 32  960 

Total  accounted  for 699,968 

Not  accounted  (or 462,438 

Total  max.  supply  demanded,  kw 637 


Shangbai  Electric  Construction  Co,.  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  of  this  company  was  held  on  Thursday  last 
week  at  Basildon  House,  Moorgate  Street,  E.G.,  Sir  Alfred  Dent, 
K.C  M.G..  presiding. 

The  Chaihman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Elec.  Kev.,  page  819),  said  he  referred  last  year  to  the  con- 
siderable amount  of  vitality  that  was  latent  in  their  undertaking, 
and  that  statement  he  trusted  they  would  consider  was  borne  out 
by  the  accounts.  The  gross  traflBc  receipts,  after  deducting 
£23.937  for  loss  in  exchange,  of  £79,783,  against  £58,333  in 
1911,  and  after  the  further  deduction  for  operating  expenses 
in  Shanghai,  showed  a  net  profit  of  £27,727,  as  compared  with 
£14,139  for  the  previous  year.  Including  the  amount  brought 
forward,  £3,301,  the  balance  of  profit  and  loss  account  amounted 
to  £28,<l29,  and  that  balance  they  proposed  to  deal  with  by  trans- 
ferring to  reserve  for  renewals  account  £8,50(1,  for  reduction 
of  preliminary  expenses  £1  .5.54,  to  the  payment  of  a  dividend  of 
5  per  cent,  for  the  year  £l(;,(i0ii  (less  income-tax),  leaving  to  be 
carried  forward  £1  974.  The  reserve  for  renewals,  after  charging 
the  account  with  cost  of  renewing  some  of  the  trolley  wire, 
would  then  amount  to  £17,883.  The  power  expenses  at  £13,137 
showed  an  increase  of  £1,887  owing  to  the  increased  mileage. 
The  five-year  agreement  having  now  expired,  negotiations 
for  a  revision  of  rates  were  in  progress,  and  they  hoped  to  get  the 
full  benefit  of  the  reductions  given  to  the  general  body  of  consumers. 
The  expense  ratio  for  the  year  was  reduced  to  G6i  per  cent.,  as 
compared  with  71i|.  The  statistics  given  at  the  end  of  the  report 
showed  the  car-mileage  as  2,747.088,  or  an  increase  of  .505,975.  The 
total  number  of  passengers  carried  was  40,73J,233,  as  against 
27,2.57,250,  or  an  increase  of  13,47.5,983,  and  passengers  per  car-mile 
14'83,  as  against  1216  in  1911.  The  loss  in  exchange  brought 
about  by  the  excessive  issue  of  copper  currency  by  the  native 
authorities  amounted  this  year  to  £23,937.  against  £15,477, 
showing  an  increase  of  £8,459.  This  represented  a  loss  of 
nearly  7 J  per  cent,  on  the  capital,  and  was  the  most  serious  of 
the  disadvantages  which  affected  their  profit  and  dividend.  It 
was  a  feature  that  did  not  exiht  when  the  company  was  formed. 
The  matter  had  been  taken  up  by  the  China  Association  in  the 
interest  of  the  tramways  and  the  trading  community,  and  members 
of  the  Association  would  have  noticed  the  correspondence  with  the 
Foreign  OflBce  on  the  subject.  They  seemed  still  to  be  a  long  way 
oflf  a  solution  of  the  many  diflScult  problems  connected  with  cur- 
rency reform,  but  there  was  some  satisfaction  in  knowing  that  the 
Ministry  of  Finance  had  made  a  thorough  investigation,  and  that  as 
soon  as  a  definite  scheme  had  been  drawn  up,  the  defects  of  the 
present  situation  would  gradually  be  removed.  Af  ^er  providing 
for  a  substantial  expenditure  on  capital  account,  the  loan  from  the 
bankers  on  Decfmber  31st  was  reduced  to  £15,000 — as 
compared  with  £31.000 — at  the  end  of  1911.  It  bad 
been  further  reduced  since  the  account  was  made  up, 
and  now  amounted  to  £12,000,  but  to  meet  their  require- 
mentn,  including  the  balance  of  cost  of  new  motors  and  trailers,  it 
would  be  again  increased,  in  anticipation  of  the  new  iH>ue  of 
capital  to  which  he  referred  laft  year — a  matter  which,  in  view  of 
the  increase  in  their  receipts  and  the  late  repaymmts  of  the  loan, 
they  had  left  in  abeyance  until  their  finfir>cial  positicn  c  ulo  le 
more  readily  defined  than  was  possible  at  prefent.  Tnking  the 
accounts  as  a  whole,  they  chuwed  a  marked  improvfrnf-nt  over  any 
that  they  had  hitherto  been  able  to  pnsent.  and  a  particularly 
gratifying  feature  was  that  the  profitj'  permitted  them  to  rfcova- 
mend  a  dividend  for  'he  year  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent.  The  fact 
of  their  having  carried  403  millions  of  pafs-engerH  lat-t  year,  t-howing 
an  increase  of  about  50  per  cent,  on  the  preceding  > ear.  and  the 
continued  expansion  of  traffic  and  operating  profits  this  year, 
indicated  that  the  sections  and  scale  of  fares  hfd  now  been  adjut-ted 
to  a  point  at  which  they  fulfilled  local  requirements.  It  also 
proved  the  necessity  for  the  additional  motor-cars  and  trailers 
referred  to  last  year.     Reference  was  made  in  the  report  to  the 


proposed  introduction  of  raillees  traction.  This  was  a  matter  to 
which  the  general  manager,  Mr.  McColl,  directed  his  atten- 
tion when  he  was  home  on  leave  during  the  latter  part  of 
last  year.  He  inspected  railless  systems  in  England  and  on 
the  Continent,  and  went  very  carefully  into  the  quention  of 
operating  expenses  and  the  adaptation  of  cxifting  types 
of  railless  vehicles  to  the  special  conditions  of  Shanghai,  and 
reported  in  favour  of  the  scheme.  The  development  of  the  com- 
p.inj's  busincFS  in  such  a  way  as  to  eecure  a  larger  proportion  of 
the  total  movement  of  Shanghai,  had  received  their  serious  con- 
sideration, and  of  all  the  schemes  which  had  been  presented,  railless 
traction  offered  by  far  the  best  prospects,  and  was  more  nearly 
akin  to  their  tramway  bupiness  than  any  of  the  others.  The 
advantage  of  the  railless  car  was  that  it  could  be  operated  in 
narrow  thoronghfares  which  were  unsuitable  for  the  fixed  rails  of 
a  tramway,  and  being  dirigible  it  coulo,  by  means  of  a  pivoted 
trolley  arm,  deviate  widely  from  the  line  of  the  overhead  trolley 
wires,  and  thus  pass  other  traffic  or  an  obstruction  which  would 
block  a  car  running  on  a  fixed  rail.  The  cost  of  a  car  would  be  rather 
more  than  that  of  a  tramcar.  and  the  upkeep  somewhat  heavier  on 
account  of  tire  repairs,  but  the  daily  operating  expens<8  of  a  tram- 
car  and  a  raillefs  car  of  equal  carrying  capacity  should  be  approxi- 
mately the  same.  The  great  advantage  of  the  railless  system  was 
that  the  heavy  cost  of  laying  down  a  permanent  track  was 
entirely  saved,  and  that  the  relatively  inexpensive  equipin?nt 
could  be  eiEisily  transferred  if  desired  from  one  street  to  another  at 
a  small  expense.  It  should,  therefore,  be  the  neare«t  approach 
to  the  motor-'bus  which  was  so  steadily  absorbing  the 
traffic  in  many  London  streets,  with  the  many  obvious 
advantages  of  electricity  ever  petrol  as  the  driving  power.  The 
directors,  having  grounds  for  believing  that  raillees  traction  might 
offer  good  prospects  of  increasing  the  company's  earnings,  and 
recognisirg  the  necessity  for  the  company  owing  to  their  present 
concecsifin,  being  first  in  the  field  should  any  new  form  of  electric 
traction  be  sanctioned,  authorised  an  application  to  be  made  to  the 
Council  in  February  for  leave  to  introduce  an  experimental  installa- 
tion, which  was  estimated  to  cost  about  180,000  with  a  fall  equip- 
ment of  cars.  That  application  was  granted,  on  condition  that  they 
paid  the  Council  5  per  cent,  of  the  gross  earnings  and  a  reasonable 
contribution  towards  road  maintenance.  It  was  intended  originally 
that  the  trackless  line  should  run  through  Horian  Road,  but 
Fohkien  Road  had  lately  been  substituted,  concjerning  which  they 
waited  further  advice.  If  the  experimental  installation  proved  to 
be  a  succcFS,  an  extension  of  the  system  would-be  brought  about  as 
funds  permitted,  and  new  districts  opened  up  where  tramlines  were 
at  present  impracticable.  Through  running  with  the  French 
Settlement  was  inaugurated  about  the  micJdle  of  June  on  one  route 
and  on  a  second  route  in  the  middle  of  August.  The  results  of  the 
arrangement  entered  into  with  the  French  company  had,  in  a 
measure,  been  satisfactory,  and  had  demonstrated  that  a  demand  for 
through  facilities  existed.  They  did  not  consider  that  the  demand 
would  be  adequately  met  until  a  larger  service  of  cars  was  available, 
and  through  tickets,  to  which  the  French  company  had  hitherto 
objected,  had  been  arranged  for.  It  was  anticipated  that  the  im- 
provement in  the  company's  position  would  continue  as  the  year 
advanced  and  the  a(Jditional  motor-cars  and  trailers  came  into 
use,  and  they  were  confident  that  the  final  result  of  1913  would 
show  a  good  improvement  on  1912.  They  had  a  record  for  the  race 
week  ended  7th  inst ,  having  carried  940  000  passengers,  with 
effec'^ive  receipts  S18.G0O — against  810,000  pa'sengers  and  receipts 
816.000  in  the  corresponding  race  week  of  1912.  The  wonder  was 
how  this  was  done  with  their  existing  rolling  stock,  but  it  showed 
that  the  staff  in  Shanghai,  both  foreign  and  native,  were  working 
as  loyally  and  assiduously  as  ever  in  the  interests  of  the  company, 
and  their  thanks  were  due  to  them  and  to  the  local  board  for  their 
efficient  management  of  their  affairs. 
Me.  J.  S.  Haskell  seconded  the  motion,  which  was  adopted. 


Vera  Crnz  Electric  Light,  PoMer  and  Traction 
Co.,  Ltd. 

The  sixth  ordinary  general   meeting  was  held  on  May  14th,  at] 
Salisbury  House,  E.G.,  Mr.  V.  W.  Torke  presiding. 

The  Chairjian,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Electuical  Review,  page  777).  expressed  regret  that  the  meeting 
had  not  been  called  at  an  earlii  r  date.  Two  years  ago  he  said  he 
hoped  they  would  always  be  able  to  hold  the  meeting  before  the 
end  of  March.  «nd  last  year  they  were  aW"  to  do  this,  but,  unfor- 
tunately, owing  to  the  disturbfd  conditions  in  Mexico  during 
February  and  ilarcb,  there  had  been  difficulty  in  getting  the 
accounts  completed,  and  consequently  the)  were  later  than  U'ual, 
He  was  glnd  to  be  able  to  present  that  day  a  thorouehly  sa'icfactory 
report  and  accuntf,  both  sections  of  the  cmpsny's  buniness  having 
shown  a  steady  and  regular  increase  during  the  j  ear  with  corres- 
ponding increases  in  the  net  revenue.  They  had  not  received  as 
much  rev<nue  at  they  had  h<pid  under  the  c(>ntract  with  the 
Terminal  Co.,  owing  to  a  cnfiderable  falling  <  ff  in  import  traffic, 
but  with  a  revival  of  trnde  these  rictipts  ought  to  show  an  increase. 
The  contract  with  the  Puebla  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co.,  which 
had  been  arranged  since  the  last  general  meeting,  placed  at  their, 
dispo><al  a  large  fupply  of  power,  and  would  enable  them  to  increa 
their  business  without  incurring  further  capital  expenditura 
The  Puebla  Co.  hoped  that  the  supply  of  power  would  be  availably 
before  the  end  of  the  year.  As  soon  as  they  got  it,  the  temporal; 
steam  plant  in  uf>e  would  be  dismantled,  and  they  had  mad 
arrangements  by  which  they  hoped  to  dispose  of  this  plant,  whi'oB 
bad  served  a  useful  purpose,  at  very  small  loss  to  the  companjJ 


Vol.  72.   No.  1,86:;,  Mat  23,  1918.]         THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


861 


Th«y  liud  triiiiMforrcd  from  the  proflta  of  the  year  ^fi.OOO  to 
(lepruciiition  iind  (foiioral  ruBcrvo  before  arriviiijf  at  tho  amount 
rooommciKlcd  aw  dividend.  This  amount  add<Ml  to  that  of  InHt  year 
broufflit  tho  ro-icrvo  up  to  £20,000,  which  wuh  Hatinfaotory 
con«i(lorin(f  that  they  Iiad  only  reached  the  early  Btiit'eH  of  their 
hihtory,  and,  aH  pointed  out  last  year,  the  depreciation  on  an 
undertaking  like  thiH,  whore  the  proi)erty  was  fully  maintained  and 
kept  in  firHt-claHS  condition,  was  not  larue.  Therefore  the  pro- 
viHion  they  wore  niakinjr  thi«  year  wan,  in  their  opinion,  ample.  Ah 
rctrardcd  tho  rcHultHof  the  current  year,  tho  eariiin^'s  lliey  had  puh- 
liahed  showed  an  inorcaHO  of  J  IS, 000  for  tho  firxt  three  monthn  of 
tlie  year,  which  was  certainly  watiMfactory.  Ho  wuh  (;lad  to  Hay  that 
political  condition«  in  Mexico  showed  diHtinct  improvement  to  thoKO 
prevailiuj,'  in  the  earlier  part  of  th('  year.  Tlicy  had  their  Hhare  of 
the  troubles  during;  the  year,  and  Vera  Cruz  was  occupied  by  General 
Felix  Dias  in  February,  and  Konie  ttijhtinp  actually  took  place  in 
the  city.  He  was  (jlad  to  say,  however,  that  their  business  and 
property  suffered  only  to  a  trilling  extent  from  thcte  disturbances, 
and  as  soon  as  the  political  conditions  became  settled  ai;ain  a 
real  revival  of  business  mit;ht  be  anticipated  in  which  they  would 
participate.  He  had  to  express  on  behalf  of  the  board  their 
appreciation  of  the  zeal  and  energ:y  shown  by  the  peneral  mana^irer 
and  the  staff  workinpr  under  him  in  Mexico. 
Dr.  S.  Macki;w  seconded  the  motion. 

Mk.  Watkin  asked  how  the  loan  of  4:7,250  standinfir  in  last 
year's  balance-sheet  had  been  paid  off  ;  and  also  when  they  oouid 
expect  a  quotation  of  the  shares  / 

The   Chairman   said   the  loan  was  paid  off  out  of  revenue.    It 
was  expected  they  would  soon  j^et  a  Stock  Exchange  quotation. 
The  report  was  adopted. 


Douglas  Sonthern  Electric  Tramwajs,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ending  October  31st,  1912,  fays 
that  the  company's  season  consisted  of  124  days,  against  118  days 
last  season  ;  and  the  mileage  run  was  34,647'5,  against  34,578  3  last 
season.  The  total  traffic  receipts  for  the  season  were  £.5,204, 
against  £6,645,  a  decrease  of  £441,  due  to  the  cold  and  wet  weather. 
The  passengers  carried  were  212,528,  a  decrease  of  18,125.  The  tolls 
payable  to  the  Douglas  Hend  Marme  Drive.  Ltd.,  amcunted  to  £St)7 
and  a  commission  of  £260.  After  deducting  these  amounts  and 
adding  sundry  small  receipts,  there  is  a  total  of  £4,082  net  receipts, 
against  £4  4v8  last  year.  The  net  profit  for  the  year  is  £1,733,  as 
against  £2,125.  Adding  £152  brought  forward,  there  is  a  disposable 
balance  of  £1,885,  which  enables  the  directors  to  recommend  a 
dividend  of  6  per  cent,  upon  the  preference  shares,  absorbing 
£1,558,  leavirg  a  balpnce  of  £327  to  be  carried  forward.  With  the 
exception  of  £41  unclaimed  dividends,  there  are  no  debts,  debentures, 
mortgages  or  any  other  encumbrances  whatever  upon  the  company's 
property,  and  the  buildings,  rolling  stock,  boilers,  engines,  electrical 
equipment  and  permanent  way  have  been  maintained  in  a  high  state 
of  efficiency  out  of  revenue.  No  accident  of  any  kind  has  happened 
to  either  passengers  or  property. 


Hong  Kong  Tramway  Co.,  Ltd. 

Me.  E.  C.  Morgan  (chairman)  presided  on  May  15th  at  the  offices. 
19,  St.  Swithin's  Lane,  E.C.,  over  the  ordinary  general  meeting  of 
this  company. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Electrical  Review, 
page  812),  the  Chairman  said  the  contents  were  of  more  than 
usual  interest.  Towards  the  end  of  last  year  the  Government  of 
Hong  Korg  approached  them  with  a  proposal  that  they  should 
refuse  to  accept  the  Chinese  subsidiary  coinage  in  payment  of  fares 
upon  the  tramways,  it  being  understood  that  the  Government 
would  support  them  in  connection  with  the  circumstances  which 
might  ensue  from  the  adoption  of  so  drastic  a  measure.  The 
primary  result  of  their  action  was  rioting  and  boycott  on  the  part 
of  the  Chinese,  which  soon  caused  the  comparison  of  the  receipts 
with  those  before  the  boycott  took  place  to  assume  threatening 
proportions.  After  a  time,  however,  the  board  were  able  to  re- 
assure the  debenture  and  shareholders  by  the  issue  of  a  circular 
stating  that  the  Hong  Kong  Government  had  obtained  the  consent 
of  the  Colonial  Office  to  930,000  in  compensation  up  to  December 
31st,  1912,  pending  a  settlement  of  the  basis  upon  which  the  com- 
pensation might  ultimately  be  paid.  This  circular  was  sent  out  on 
January  21st,  1013,  when  the  full  force  of  the  boycott  was  begin- 
ning to  abate,  although  it  was  still,  and  for  some  time  afterwards 
detrimental  to,  their  interests.  Happily,  however,  the  most  recent 
traffic  returns  were  satisfactory,  and  the  manager  advised  them 
that  the  coinage  and  boycott  question  now  affected  the  receipts 
very  little.  To  fix  the  amount  of  loss  sustained  by  the  com- 
pany in  consequence  of  the  boycott  was  a  matter  of 
great  difficulty,  owing  to  the  alterations  in  surrounding 
circumstances.  As  an  instance,  he  might  mention  that  during  the 
period  with  which  they  were  now  comparing,  the  traffic  w»a 
abnormal,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  revolution  in  China  had 
brought  a  number  of  refugees  to  Hong  Kong,  who,  now  that 
peace  was  restored,  had  presumably  returned  to  their  homes. 
However,  the  matter  of  compensation  was  still  under  discussion  by 
the  Government,  and  they  were  striving  to  obtain  all  they  could 
properly  claim,  as  their  loss  due  to  their  compliance  with  the 
Government's  request  in  the  matter  of  the  currency.  In  the 
abstracts  attached  to  the  report  they  would  have  noticed  under  the 
heading  of  maintenance  and  repairs  an  increase  of  about  £4,000, 
consisting  mainly  of  improvements  in  roadway  and  track,  whioh 


Hhould  ruduce  expeniliture  in  the  future.  He  thought  it  rnuiit  tM 
conceded  that  the  iM.pularity  of  the  Byiitem  wan  iihown  by  the 
natlHfiUilory  (igure  of  the  r«!(;<!iptj',  whioh,  in  Bpite  of  the  f»ct  thftt 
the  exchange  on  diKcoiint  wum  Ntill  a  heavy  burden,  xhowed  a  (fo<*d 
margin  aM  compared  with  the  i-x\>t:uni:ti.  In  any  cttiw-  it  a]ijhr%n<i 
that  the  accounts  muHt  bo  coniii<l<  red  Hatiiifacttjry,  anil  idiieh  woa 
due  to  th(;  tactful  irianugement  of  their  inantger  and  a^ent,  and 
alKo  to  the  exertiouH  of  their  utaff,  durin((  the  difficult  timoi  they 
hud  gone  througli. 

Mu.  W.  .1.  (;.  CiTiiiM,  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  reptjrt  wm 
adopted  without  diHcUHsion. 

On  the  motion  of  tho  Ciiaihman,  a  final  dividend  of  10  per  cent. 
was  declared,  making  7i  per  cent,  for  the  year. 

The  CilAilt.MA.N  HubKcquently  moved  a  hearty  vote  of  thankn  to 
the  agents  and  manager  and  htaff  for  the  efficient  way  in  which 
they  had  conducted  the  company's  allairH  in  Hong  Kong.  He 
rf  marked  that  they  had  had  troublouH  tim<H,  and  bri':kbatij  were 
not  altogether  atjscnt  from  the  proceedings  at  times. 

Mu.  U.  MiLr.EU  seconded  the  motion,  and  it  was  carried. 


Mertbyr  Electric  Traction  and  Lightine  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  report  for  1912  states  that  the  capital  expenditure  now  stands 
at  £127,613.  During  the  year  a  further  issue  was  made  of  2,000 
ordinary  shares  of  £5  each  at  par,  upon  which  £3  per  share  haa 
been  paid  up.  The  total  revenue  from  all  sources  amounted  to 
£21,205,  as  compared  with  £20,716  for  the  preceding  year.  The 
expenses  amounted  to  £12,421,  compared  with  £11,837  for  1911. 
The  net  revenue  is  £95  less  than  in  1911,  a  satisfactory  result 
having  regard  to  the  restriction  of  trade  in  the  district  caused  by 
the  coal  strike.  After  deducting  all  expenses  chargeable  to  revenoe 
(including  £2,178  for  debenture  interest)  and  charging  revenue 
account  with  £1,500  provision  for  renewals,  there  remains  a 
surplus  of  £5,U6  plus  £852  brought  forward.  The  directors 
propote  to  place  to  reserve  £1,500,  dividend  on  the  preference  thares 
£1,500,  dividend  at  the  rate  of  G  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the 
ordinary  shares  £2,029,  carrying  forward  £929. 

The  results  f rem  the  year's  working  of  the  electricity  supply  undertaking 
show  concinutd  progress.  The  gross  receipts  from  the  electric  supply 
sectirn  of  the  undeitating  amounted  to  £10,186,  and  the  working  exptnteo  to 
£3  854.  The  receipts  lor  19  2  exceeded  those  for  1911  by  £<J-iO,  whilst  the 
working  expenses  increased  by  £340.  The  total  number  of  units  sold  for  lighting 
and  power  purpcses  was  6B8,7!)3,  which,  compared  with  the  previous  year's 
figure  of  668,173,  shows  an  increase  of  over  12  per  cent.  The  number  of  con- 
sumers at  December  31st  last,  w»s  SC8,  as  con  pared  with  758  at  ihe  corres- 
pondiEg  date  in  the  previous  year,  beu  g  an  increase  of  ovtr  13  per  cent.  The 
extension  of  the  high-tension  mains  to  erablea  supply  of  electricity  to  be 
given  in  the  towns  of  Mertbyr  Vsle,  Abeifan  and  Treharris,  referred  to  In  the 
last  report,  has  been  carried  out  during  the  year,  and  a  supply  was  inaugurated 
on  October  17th  last,  with  satisfactory  resulls. 

The  grobs  receipts  derived  frtm  the  working  of  the  light  railway  undertaking 
amounted  to  £10,853,  beirg  a  decrease  of  £553,  and  the  working  expenses 
amounted  to  £6,509,  an  increase  of  £55. 

Since  the  close  of  the  year  an  agreement  has  been  entered  into 
with  the  Merthyr  Corporation  under  which  the  company  has 
agreed  to  pave  the  whole  of  certain  of  the  roadways  in  the  lower 
part  of  the  town  with  wood  setts,  and  repair  the  same,  and  to 
construct  an  extension  of  the  line  to  the  Morning  Sun  in  Cefn 
Coed  ;  in  consideration  for  which  the  Corporation  have  agreed  to 
defer  their  option  of  purchase  of  both  the  light  railway  and  electric 
supply  undertakings  from  1924  to  1934,  beirg  10  years  beyond  the 
time  specified  in  the  Merthyr  Tydfil  Light  Railway  Order  of  1899, 
and  the  Merthyr  Tydfil  Electric  Lighting  Order  of  1899.  It  is 
intended  to  make  an  early  application  to  the  Board  of  Trade  for 
amending  orders  with  a  view  to  obtaining  the  necessary  statutory 
powers  to  enable  the  agreement  to  be  carried  out. 


Units  generated  

Units  sold— Public  lamps 

To  traction  section         

Private  consumers  by  meters  . . 

Total  sold 

Used  on  works 

Quantity  accounted  for        

Not  accounted  for       

Total  max.  supply  demanded— Traction 

Lighting 


1911. 

1912. 

1,265,2C4 

1,423.9£8 

160,060 

153  605 

385,965 

3SG,5ia 

418,113 

486,288 

954,128 

1.03S.306 

2C0.9ia 

240.622 

1,165,040 

1,275,9'27 

110,164 

148.011 

321  KW. 

4C0  KW. 

482  KW. 

198  KW, 

Mb.  G.  J.  SoMERViLLE  (chairman)  presided  on  Monday  at  the 
offices  of  the  Electrical  Federation,  Kingsway,  W.C,  over  the 
sixteenth  ordinary  general  meeting. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  above  report,  the  Chaibman  said 
thatnearly  the  whole  of  the  considerable  increase  of  £11,128  in 
the  capital  expenditure  was  upon  the  electric  supply  undertakirg. 
This  was  to  provide  an  electric  supply  for  the  districts  of  Merthyr 
Vale,  Aberfan  and  Treharris.  The  supply  was  only  inaugurated  on 
August  17th,  80  that  the  results  of  this  expenditure  did  not  fall 
into  the  revenue  account  for  more  than  two  and  a  half  months. 
They  were,  however,  satisfactory,  and  for  the  first  quarter  of  this 
year  they  continued  to  be  satisfactory,  and  the  profit  had  been 
increased  during  this  period  of  three  months  to  the  extent  of  £380. 
The  traffic  receipts  on  the  light  railways  showed  a  considerable 
falling  off  during  last  year  on  account  of  the  coal  strike  which 
affected  Merthyr  perhaps  more  than  any  other  part  of  the  country, 
and  left  the  town  very  short  of  money  for  the  remaining  part  of 
the  year.  The  deficit  in  traffic  alone  amounted  to  over  £500,  but 
now  that  Merthyr  had  got  into  ordinary  conditions  again,  the 
traffics  had  again  shown  a  considerable  increase,  and  during  the  first 
four  months  of  this  year  they  had  more  than  made  up  the  leeway 
—there  being  an  increase  in  traffic  receipts  of  £."^97  for  the  first 
four  months  of  the  present  year.     Altogether,  taking  into  account 


862 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REYEEW.         [Voi. 72.  No.  1,862,  may  23,  1913. 


the  adverse  circnmstances,  the  report  of  last  year  was  quite  as  grood 
as  they  could  expect,  and  he  could  also  say  that  this  year  promised 
a  much  better  return  than  the  previous  year. 

Mr.  C.  G.  Tegetmeieb  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted  without  discussion. 


I'rban  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December  Slst,  ];)12,  states 
that  the  pross  profits  amount  to  Ji;B7,4f>('>,  as  compared  with 
£50,87f.  a  year  ago,  and  after  deducting:  the  expenses  shown  in  the 
profit  and  loss  account,  a  balance  of  £54,26.6  is  carried  down  to  net 
profit  and  loss  account.  In  the  latter  account  the  amounts  required 
for  interest  and  debenture  stock  redemption  absorb  £36.182,  leav- 
ine  an  available  balance,  includingr  £114  brought  forward,  of 
£1S,496.  Of  this  there  is  to  be  applied  to  reserve  for  depreciation 
£10,000.  to  dividend  of  3  per  cent,  for  the  year  on  the  preference 
shares  £7,500,  carrying  forward  £9i)fl.  The  balance  of  the  5  per 
cent,  dividend  on  the  preference  shares  will  be  satisfied  by  funded 
dividend  certificates  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  resolution 
passed  and  confirmed  at  the  extraordinary  general  meetings  held 
on  February  2nd  and  17th,  1912.  Consequent  on  the  reduction  of 
capital  sanctioned  by  the  Court  on  March  12th,  1912,  a  capital 
reserve  fund  of  £160,000  appears  in  the  balance-sheet,  off  which 
has  been  written  cost  of  plant  dismantled  and  expenses  relating  to 
reduction  of  capital.  The  usual  comparative  statement,,  showing 
the  profits  earned  at  the  various  works,  is  appended.  The  following 
table  shows  the  equivalent  in  33-watt  lamps  connected  and  the 
gross  profits  at  December  Slst  of  each  year  :  — 

1910.         1911.  1912.  1910.  1911.  1912. 

Hawick 57.681  65,099  70,251  £4.771  £4,840  £4,788 

BUmlord           33,563  32,411  34,515  1  620  1,467  1,629 

Weybridge  and  Walton       .  61,861  66.136  71,S6a  6,124  6,040  6,963 

Oodaimirg       29.612  32,271  35,518  a,SH3  3,896  3,416 

Twickenham 103,371  113,068  129,466  10,1.50  10,h69  11,012 

Dartmouth 23,784  24,543  25,274  2,607  2,637  2,410 

Camborne  and  Redrulb  and 

Cornwall 75,041  105  178  146,954  7.620  8,727  13,869 

Newton  Abbot  18,.570  20,719  22,761  1,467  1.695  2,003 

Grantham        37.286  39.209  40.686  2,498  2.648  8,132 

Glosiop 27.538  28,782  .13  125  2,641  2,983  2,898 

Berwick 19,821  91,683  23,831  1,466  1,SG5  1,615 

Caterham        14,813  16  563  48  426  1,142  1 6S5  1,927 

Newbury           22,269      23,575  24,926  2,158  2,259  2,673 

Totals   .         ..         ..     525,160    589,7.17    677,495  £47,2.54    £50,850    £57,416 


Lamps. 


Gross  profit. 


Lisbon  Electric  TramAvays,  Ltd. 

Mb.  Ludwig  Bbeitmeyer  (chairman)  presided  on  May  14th  at 
the  offices,  1,  London  Wall  Buildings,  E.C.,  over  the  fifteenth 
ordinary  general  meeting  of  this  company. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Electrical  Review, 
page  779),  the  Chairman  said  that  during  the  year  the  tramways 
had  suffered  from  two  stoppages  of  the  service  owing  to  strikes. 
One  was  of  short  duration  in  .January,  but  a  much  more  serious 
one  took  place  at  the  end  of  May,  which  lasted  for  over  three 
weeks,  when  the  whole  of  the  service  was  suspended,  the  power 
house  was  shut  down,  and  not  a  single  car  ran  in  the  streets.  The 
result  of  the  first  strike  was  a  loes  in  receipts  of  about  8^  contos, 
and  the  29  days'  strike  in  May  resulted  in  a  loss  of  under  110 
contos,  making  altogether  118  contos.  Allowing  also  for  the 
average  increase  of  traffic  during  the  time  of  stoppage,  as  shown 
over  the  rest  of  the  year,  this  would  bring  the  total  loss  in  receipts 
to  about  125  contos,  or,  say,  £25,000,  which  was  a  heavy  sacrifice, 
but  was  a  small  burden  for  the  shareholders  to  bear,  considering 
the  grave  issues  that  were  forced  upon  them,  and  which  had  to  be 
resisted  with  the  utmost  determination  and  at  any  cost.  Turning 
to  the  actual  figures  of  the  traffic  movement,  the  passengers  carried 
were  50,411,96.3,  against  51,852,719  in  1911,  a  decrease  of  1,440,756. 
The  earnings  amounted  to  1,640,4I0'685  milrees.  as  against 
1,676,302'6.58  milrees  in  1911,  a  difference  of  only  35,892'607 
milrees,  or  about  £7,000  in  English  money.  He  might  pass  over 
the  three  days'  strike  in  January,  brought  about  through  the 
intrigues  of  syndicalism,  and  in  which  their  employes  were  not 
involved,  being  forced  against  their  desire  to  stop  work.  The 
29  days"  strike  from  May  29th  to  June  24  th  was,  however,  a  serious 
baainesB.  The  management  was  faced  with  an  absolutely  clear 
issue — either  to  submit  to  its  employes  on  an  important  question  of 
discipline  or  to  stand  firm.  The  management,  with  the  concurrence 
and,  under  the  instructions,  of  the  London  board,  refused  to  yield 
to  the  unreasonable  demands  of  the  men,  and,  as  the  result  of  this 
firm  attitude,  the  men  returned  to  work  on  June  24th,  and  since  then 
the  general  manager's  relations  with  the  employes  had  not  been 
disturbed,  and,  of  course,  they  had  no  other  desire  than  that  they 
should  remain  so.  It  was  a  critical  time  for  the  company,  and 
their  thanks  were  due  to  Mr.  Giles,  the  general  manager,  and  to 
Mr.  Souza,  the  assistant  manager,  and  all  thoee  of  the  staff  who 
remained  loyal  to  the  company.  From  the  accounts  they  would 
■ee  that  the  balance  of  profit  available  was  £107,212,  from 
which  the  usual  reserves,  amounting  to  £40,000,  had  been  deducted, 
and  the  preference  dividend,  amounting  to  £25,533,  had  been 
paid,  and  also  the  interim  dividend  of  3  per  cent.,  amounting 
to  £19,020.  This  left  a  balance  of  £22,658  to  be  dealt  with, 
and  the  directors  now  recommended  a  final  dividend  of  3  per 
cent.,  making  a  total  of  6  per  cent,  for  the  year,  and  absorbing 
£19,020.  The  balance  of  £3,637  it  was  proposed  to  carry 
forward.  As  the  shareholders  knew,  they  did  not  take  any 
part  In   politics.     They  were   simply    a   buainesa    undertaking, 


but  it  was  impossible  to  be  indifferent  to  the  course  of  public 
events  in  Lisbon,  and  the  present  state  of  unrest  could  not  but 
continue  to  be  a  cause  of  anxiety.  The  gratifying  feature  was 
that  their  tramways  business  maintained  the  even  tenour  of  its 
way,  with  increased  development,  in  spite  of  the  unrest  which, 
unfortunately,  still  existed.  Now  that  the  contract  with 
the  Municipality  of  Lisbon  for  the  reconstruction  and 
electrification  of  the  Nova  Companhia  dos  Ascensores  Mechanicos 
de  Lisboa  had  been  completed,  the  work  was  being  pushed  on 
with  all  speed,  and  when  completed  would  be  a  further  favourable 
factor  in  the  development  of  the  traffic. 

Mu.  J.  B.  Taylor  seconded  the  motion,  which  was  carried  with- 
out discussion. 

It  wa."*  agreed  that  the  remuneration  of  the  directors  for  the  year 
ending  December  Slst,  1!M2,  be  fixed  at  £2,500. 

The  Chairman  expressed  the  hope  that  next  year  they  would 
have  a  better  balance-sheet,  for  it  looked  as  if  they  would  have  no 
strikes,  although  one  never  knew  what  might  happen. 


Briti.sh  Thomson-Honston  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  report  of  directors  for  1912  reads  as  follows  : — 

11  u;7,'.<  at  Rvf/hy. — The  buildings  and  machinery  of  the  company 
have  been  maintained  in  first-class  condition  during  the  year.  A 
number  of  extensions  in  progress  were  mentioned  in  the  last  annual 
report,  the  most  important  being  a  four-floor  building  to  be  used  for 
railway  work  and  other  manufacturing  purposes.  This  latter 
building  is  now  completed.  On  the  new  tract  of  land  mentioned 
in  last  year's  report,  a  one-storey  building  is  in  course  of  erection, 
to  be  used  for  the  manufacture  of  heavy  apparatus,  also  another 
building  for  pattern  storage  which  at  present  will  be  one  storey 
high,  but  is  so  arranged  that  it  can  be  easily  converted  into  a  three 
or  four-storey  building. 

Worhs  (it  Coventry. — These  works  are  now  in  full  operation. 

Worltx  at  Willesdeii,  London. — It  was  mentioned  in  the  last  annual 
report  that  we  were  erecting  a  factory  at  Willesden  for  the  manu- 
facture of  Mazda  lamps.  Since  then,  however,  improved  methods 
of  making  these  lamps  have  enabled  us  to  very  largely  Increase 
the  output  of  the  Rugby  lamp  factory,  and  on  account  of  the 
rapid  expansion  of  work  in  other  departments,  it  has  been  decided 
to  utilise  the  Willesden  factory,  which  is  admirably  suited  for  the 
purpose,  as  a  switchboard  factory. 

MetaUic-Filament  Lampx. — The  business  in  Mazda  drawn-wire 
lamps  during  the  year  has  shown  a  further  increase. 

Curt'iK  Steam  Tiirbinex. — The  turbine  business  of  the  company 
continues  to  show  satisfactory  results,  and  the  company  had  a 
larger  number  on  order  and  in  course  of  manufacture  at  December 
3 let  last  than  ever  before. 

The  company's  operations  were  severely  handicapped  by  the  coal 
strike,  which  occurred  at  the  beginning  of  1912.  Although  ample 
coal  reserves  had  been  accumulated  at  the  Rugby  works,  deliveries 
of  raw  material,  such  as  iron,  steel,  &c.,  required  in  the  manufac- 
turing business  of  the  company,  were  seriously  affected,  and  the 
company's  output  very  considerably  restricted  thereby. 

Dehentnre  I!eilempt'wn. — Under  the  terms  of  the  trust  deed  secur- 
ing the  issue  of  the  company's  debenture  stock,  the  company  has 
this  year  to  pay  to  the  trustees  the  sum  of  £4,462,  to  be 
applied  by  them  in  redeeming  debenture  stock  at  105  per  cent, 
by  drawings.  Since  the  closing  of  the  books,  debenture  stock  of  the 
par  value  of  £2,000  has  been  redeemed,  making  the  total  par  value 
of  stock  retired  to  date  £19,305,  and  a  further  £2,240  will  be 
redeemed  before  the  end  of  the  year,  making  £21,545  in  all. 

The  directors  have  followed  their  usual  practice  in  ffiaking 
reserves  to  cover  risks  in  connection  with  bad  debts,  depreciation  of 
shares  held  by  the  company,  and  other  contingencies. 

The  balance-sheet,  after  paying  interest  on  debenture  stock  and 
loans,  shows  a  profit  of  £31,000,  and  the  directors  recommend  that 
this  should  be  appropriated  as  shown  in  the  profit  and  loss  account 
— £20,000  to  depreciation  of  plant  account ;  £l,G9r)  to  depreciation 
of  office  furniture  and  store-room  equipments  ;  £6,270  to  deprecia- 
tion of  apparatus,  supplies,  meters,  &c.  ;  £1,825  to  special  experi- 
mental expenses  written  off — leaving  a  balance  of  £1,209.  This, 
together  with  the  previous  year's  balance,  makes  a  total  amount  to 
be  carried  forward  of  £8,590. 

The  meeting  is  to  be  held  at  83,  Cannon  Street,  E.G.,  on 
May  28th. 


Hastings  and  District  Electric  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December,  1912,  shows 
that  there  was  a  decrease  in  the  trafRc  receipts  of  £2,433  due  to 
the  coal  strike  and  to  weather  conditions  during  the  holiday 
season.  The  expenditure  side  of  the  account,  as  compared  witli' 
last  year,  shows  a  net  increase  of  £1,120.  This  is  chiefly  due  to  the] 
enhanced  cost  of  fuel,  and  to  abnormal  expenditure  on  thai 
permanent  way,  a  part  of  which,  amounting  to  £1,990,  has  beeaj 
debited  to  depreciation  account.  The  revenue  ttccount,  aftetj 
crediting  receipts  aggregating  £17,491,  and  debiting  administration  J 
expenses  amounting  to  £1,431,  shows  a  balance  of  £16,060  plnij 
£2,177  brought  forward,  and  deducting  £10,387  for  interestj 
charges,  there  remains  available  £7,851.  Out  of  this  amount  anl 
interim  dividend  of  3  per  cent,  on  the  preference  shares  was  distri-| 
buted  in  October  last,  and  it  is  now  proposed  a  pay  a  final  dividend"^ 
of  3  per  cent.,  making  the  full  6  per  cent,  for  the  year,  and  to  carr/l 
forward  the  balance  of  £3,051.  \ 

"  The  attention  of  the  Board  of  Trade  having  been  called  by  the 
Hastings  Corporation  to  the  unsatisfactory  results  obtained  from 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,8Bl',  May  :':!,  191.1.] 


TIFF.    KLKC'TRICAL    REVIEW. 


868 


thr>  upo  'of  tho  Dnltor  Hurfaro  oontaot  syBtom  on  tho  I'ront  line, 
tho  director.H  consirlorcd  it  iiecrHsary  to  promote  u  Itill  in  Parlia- 
ment for  tlui  HnbHtitiitioii  of  the  ovnrhciid  trolley  Hyntcm,  l)y  which 
all  the  other  wotiorm  of  the  lino  arc  worked.  They  r<(;rct,  how- 
ever, to  report  that  tho  Hill  haw  been  thrown  out  by  llie  Honco  of 
Lordh'  (kiuiniittep.  Ah  the  coiiipiiiiy  hoH  in  the  meiintiine  been 
notified  by  the  Hoard  of  Trade  of  itH  inttmtion  to  call  for  tho 
removol  of  tlie  Dolter  syHtem,  the  board  in  carefully  conniJerinpr 
the  alternative  nystem  to  be  ado|>t(!d  to  meet  tho  requirementu  of 
the  public  Bcrvico,  and,  at  the  Hamo  time,  to  safepuard  the  interestB 
of  the  HhnrehulderB." 

Mr.  E.  C.  . Morgan,  the  chairman,  relinquished  that  position  last 
March  owinir  to  ill-health,  and  tho  directors  appointed  Mr.  OeorRe 
Kitchin  as  his  successor.  Mr.  Morpan  continues  as  a  member  of 
the  board. 


The  annual  meeting'  was  held  on  Tuepday  at  the  ofBces,  I,  Queen 
Victoria  Street,  E.C.     Mu  Gi:(iR(iK  Kitchin,    who   presided,   said 
that  power  cxpcnnes  showed  an  increase  of  £:!ti',p.  due  entirely  to  the 
increased  cost  of  coal.    Traffic  expenses,  on  the  other  hand,  showed 
a  decrea.'<e   of  ,t8,">'.i,  owing  to  a  decrease  in  the  mileage  run.     Part 
of  this  decrease  was  compulsory  ;  it  became  necessary  to   largely 
reduce  the  service  durin^r  the  coal  strike  ;  and  part  was  voluntary, 
due  to  the  suppression   of    unremnnerative  services.     Consequent 
upon  the  continuance  of  the  work  of  putting  the  track  into  first- 
class  order,  the  greater  part  of  the  cpst  of  which  had  come  into  the 
1912  accounts,  a  sum  of  i;i2,!'N0  had  been  spent  upon  maintenance 
and   repairs.      Of  this  sum  £1,990  was  in  the  nature  of  capital 
expenditure,   and   had   been  debited  to  depreciation  account.    The 
balance   .<lo,990   had    been  debited   to   revenue,   and   showed   an 
increase  of  4;',41.5  over  last  year,  which  again  showed  an  increase 
of   .€1,14:!  over  1910.     The  effect  of  this  heavy  expenditure  should 
be    apparent    in    the  improved    conditions  of  running,   and   the 
reduction  of  maintenance  costs  to  a  more  normal  figure.     General 
expenses  showed  an  advance  of  £191,  mainly  due  to  an   increase 
from    £;>25    to    £400   per    mile    of    the    charge    made    by    the 
Corporation    for    the    wayleave  on  the   front  line.    The   income 
and     traffic   showed    a   decrease    of     •C2,4;!.">    due,  first,     to    the 
coal  sfcrike  ;  secondly,  to   the  very   unsettled   weather   conditions 
The    net    result   was    an    available    balance    of    U  7,8.50.      From 
this  they  had  already  paid  an  interim  dividend  of  3  per  cent,  on  the 
preference  shares,  and  they  now  proposed  to  pay  a  further  H  per 
cent.,  making  the  full  G  per  cent,  for  the  year,  and  to  carry  forward 
£3,0.")1.    Proceeding  to  refer  to  the  paragraph  in  the  report  dealing 
with  the  Bill  which  the  directors  considered  it  necessary  to  promote 
in  Parliament  for  the  substitution  of  the  overhead  trolley  system 
on  the  front  line  for  the  surface  contact  systf  m  at  present  in  use, 
the  Chairman  said  he  would  like  to  remind  them  that  there  was  a 
provision  in  their  1903  Act  which  compelled  them  to  work  the  front 
line  by  self-propelled  cars,  or  other  system  approved  by  the  Corpora- 
tion, other  than  the  overhead  system.    After  careful  examination, 
the  Dolter  surface  contact  was  installed  in  the  year  1907,  with  the 
approval  of  the  Corporation,  as  the  best  system  that  could  be  found 
to  meet  the  case.     From  the  outset  it  had  caused  them  anxiety,  but 
by  sparing  neither  trouble  nor  expense,  they  had  been  able  to  work 
it  with  sufficient  success  to  provide  for  the  carrying  of  over  3,000,000 
passengers  annually  on  the  front  line.    They  were,  however,  quite 
aware  of  the  various  defects  inherent  in  the  system  which  developed 
in  the  working  and  became  accentuated  as  time  went  on,  and  they 
quite  anticipated  that  sooner  or  later  this  would  result  in  a  call  for 
its  discontinuance.       It  had  been  installed  in  Torquay  and  Mex- 
borough.  but  in   both  places  had  been  condemned  and   removed, 
while  the  company  which  owned  the  patents  had  abandoned  them 
as  useless.    At  the  same  time  the  directors  were  strongly  of  opinion 
that  the  only  really  satisfactory  system  which  could  be  substituted 
for  the  Dolter  was  the  overhead.      All  the  other  lines  of  the  com- 
pany had   been   successfully  worked    by  this  system,   but  before 
the    substitution    could      be     carried     out,    it    was     necessary 
to    obtain   the  authorisation  of   Parliament,  as  not  only  was  the 
company  precluded  from  installing  the  overhead  system,  but   by 
the  Act  of  1903  the  Corporation  was  estopped  from  sanctioning: 
its  use.    In  1911,  finding  that  the  Dolter  system  was  deteriorating, 
they  decided  to   apply   to  Parliament,  but  before  depositing  the 
Bill  they  approached  the  Corporation  with  a  view  to  obtaining  their 
assent,  as  they  wished  to  work  in  co-operation  with  them,  and,  if 
possible,  to  avoid   the  heavy  expense  involved  in  a  contested  Bill. 
On  receipt  of  their  refusal  they  decided  not   to  proceed  with  the 
Bill  at  that  time.       In  April  last  year,  however,  the  Corporation 
called  upon  the  Board  of  Trade  for  a  report  upon  the  working  of 
the  Dolter  system.    The  Board  of  Trade  sent  down  Major  Pringle, 
who   inspected   the  line  and  furnished  such  a  report,  as,   in  the 
directors'  opinion,  confirmed   the  company  in  their  contention  that 
the  defects  existing  in  the  system  were  inherent  and  of  a  nature 
beyond  the  control  of  the  company.      The  report  was  to  the  effect 
that  though  satisfied  that  the  company  had  done  its  best  to  work 
and  maintain  the  system,  the  Board  of  Trade  considered  that  the 
result  had  not  proved  satisfactory,  and  that   it  might  be  necessary 
at  some  future  date  to  call  for  the  discontinuance  of  the  system  in 
the  interests  of  public  safety.    In  the  interests  of  the  shareholders 
it  became  necessary   to   seek  Parliamentary  powers  to  substitute 
overhead  for  the  surface  contact  system.      They  had  used  every 
endeavour,  though  unsuccessfully,  to  find  some  other  system  which 
would  have   been   possible  under  their  existing  Acts,  and  which 
should  be   satisfactory   to   the  public  in  its  working,  and  to  the 
shareholders  in  its  results.    They,  therefore,  again  appealed  to  the 
Corporation  not  to  oppose  the  Bill,  and  the  directors  travelled  down 
to  Hastings  accompanied  by  Mr.  Waller,  their  engineer,  and  had  an 
interview  with  the  Parliamentary  Committee  of  the  Corporation, 
in  order  to  endeavour  to  induce  them  to  modify  their  attitude, 
but  they  finally  decided  to   oppose   them.      The  frontagers  also 


raiHfil  a  funri  and  briftfi-d  wunwl  ti,  fiifht  the  Hill  before 
thi-  lloupr  of  l.ordH'  Committi-ir,  and,  in  the  cTimt 
that  (.'(.iiimitt<-e  decided  that  thij  Kill  muxt  not  proceed.  In  the 
meantime,  the  Hoard  of  'Iriidi!  hiui  nrlviHwl  them  that  they  pro- 
poned, at  tho  expiration  of  fix  monthH  from  .Mareh  .'-Ih  laet,  to  iMae 
an  oriler  rf(|niring  the  company  to  ceaw)  tho  uw;  of  the  Dolter 
system.  They  found  themwlveK,  therefore,  in  a  ditlinult  [Kjnition, 
ami  they  worn  now  considering,  with  their  conHulting  engineere, 
what  was  the  host  syHtem  to  in»tall  — the  overhea«l  being  forbidden 
and  the  Dolter  condemned.  They  had  to  conHider  the  intereeta 
both  of  the  shareholderH  and  the  public  :  indoefl,  in  hi*  view,  their 
intcrcHts  were  really  identical.  The  company  could  not  earn  diri- 
dendK  unlcsH  it  served  the  public  well,  and  the  public  could  not  be 
well  served  by  aeomjiany  that  could  not  earn  dividende  for  its  Hhare- 
holderH.  As  he  told  them  last  year,  their  'oodcn  extenMion 
promised  to  be  remunerative  Hoon,  owing  to  the  building,  kc, 
going  on  under  the  auci)iceH  of  Karl  de  la  Warr,  and  lately,  he  woe 
glad  to  say  there  were  really  some  signH  that  Ha«tingH  and  it« 
Corporation  were  waking  up,  and  were  going  at  la«t  todoHomethinif 
to  bring  their  interesting,  but  sleepy,  old  town  up  to  date.  To  that 
end  this  company  would  be  glad  to  assiiit,  and  he  could  only  hope 
that  the  (Jorporation  would  meet  their  efforts  for  the  good  of  the 
town  with  a  little  more  practical  sympathy,  and  a  little  less  of  the 
spirit  of  the  gentleman  who  insisted  on  his  pound  of  ilc-Hh.  Better 
relations  between  them  would  be  for  the  good  of  the  town,  as  well 
as  of  the  people  who  had  put  up  their  money  to  provide  Ilastings 
with  a  really  excellent  service  of  tramways  at  so  serious  a  financial 
loss  to  themselves  up  to  the  present.  To  establish  these  more 
friendly  relations  was  the  depire  of  the  board,  and  to  that  end  they 
would  direct  their  efforts. 

Mu.  E.  C.  MoKGA.v  seconded  the  motion. 

Replying  to  a  shareholder,  the  Chair.man  said  that  the  board 
had  often  wondered  why  the  Corporation  had  taken  up  so  hostile 
and  so  impossible  an  attitude  towards  the  company,  looking  to  the 
fact  that  the  putting  of  the  tramways  in  Hastings,  which  had  teen 
done  with  their  shareholders'  money,  had  been  of  considerable 
benefit  to  the  town  at  large.  They  were  endeavouring  to  introdnoe 
a  better  feeling  between  the  company  and  the  Corporation. 
There  was  no  doubt  that  they  both  had  the  interests  of  the  town 
at  heart,  and  if  the  town  was  doing  well  the  tramway  company 
would  be  among  the  first  to  reap  the  benefits.  If,  therefore,  they 
could  in  any  way  assist  the  Corporation  to  improve  the  town,  they 
would  do  so,  but  they  looked  for  a  little  more  kindly  feeling  and  a 
little  more  reasonable  attitude  than  they  had  received  in  the  past 
from  the  Corporation.  They  had  for  a  considerable  time  been  con- 
sidering the  question  of  petrol  motors  in  connection  with  their  cars, 
and  only  the  previous  day  their  consulting  engineer  witnessed 
some  trials  in  the  east  end  of  a  new  petrol-electric  tramcar,  which 
the  L.C.C.  were  proposing  to  install  in  the  Hackney  district,  where 
they  could  not  have  the  overhead  system  owing  to  the  opposition  of 
local  authorities,  and  where  they  found  the  conduit  system  too 
expensive.  Their  difficulty  was  to  find  a  system  which  would 
enable  them  to  continue  the  through  running  between  Bezhill  and 
Ilastings. 

The  report  was  adopted. 


Continental. — France. — La  Sociefce  de  rElectricite  de 

Rheims  is  the  name  of  a  new  company  which  has  just  been  formed 
at  Rheims,  with  a  capital  of  £80,000. 

A  new  company  has  lately  been  formed  at  Aigneville  (Savoy), 
with  a  capital  of  £50,000,  and  the  title  La  Societe  des  Acieries 
Electriques  d'Aigueville,  to  carry  on  a  plant  for  the  electrical 
production  of  steel. 

Russia. — La  Societe  des  Usines  Electrotechniques  Siemens  et 
Halske,  of  St.  Petersburg,  reports  a  profit  of  636,388  roubles  for 
the  last  financial  year  ;  a  dividend  of  6  per  cent,  ia  ag-ain  being 
declared. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tuesday  Evening, 

Apaet  from  the  rush  to  apply  for  the  new  Chinese  loan,  the  prin- 
cipal feature  in  all  the  markets  of  the  House  is  the  absence  of 
business.  Like  King  Charles's  head  in  Mr.  Dick's  book,  the  Balkans 
trouble  crops  up  with  a  pertinacity  worthy  of  a  better  cause.  At 
least,  the  Stock  Exchange  says  it  is  the  Balkans  affair  which  is 
acting  as  a  drag  upon  clients'  financial  proclivities.  Certainly 
there  is  little  speculation  going  on  ;  and,  notwitlistanding  all  the 
money  which  has  been  made  in  trade,  the  investment  business  of 
the  Stock  Exchange  proceeds  on  very  jogtrot  lines. 

See-sawing  in  fashion  somewhat  aimless,  the  Home  Railway 
market  this  week  has  leaned  to  the  dull  side.  There  are  appre- 
hensioiis  of  difficulties  on  several  of  the  steam  lines,  the  Great 
Northern,  in  particular,  being  favoured  with  protests  from  some  of 
its  men  that  one  of  their  number  has  been  unjustly  treated.  Once 
more  it  becomes  apparent  that  a  lull  in  labour  difficulties  is  not 
likely  to  be  more  than  temporary  ;  and  so  long  as  the  market  ia 
subject  to  these  spasms,  all  the  increases  in  the  world  will  not 
suffice  to  encourage  substantial  buying  of  the  stocks.  The  sound- 
ness of  this  argument  is  underlined  by  the  reaction  that  followed 


864 


THE    ELECTBICAL    REYIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,852,  Mat  23,  1913 


upon  a  rally  in  Home  Rails  -when  the  Great  Northern's  differences 
were  composed. 

Of  the  Underprounds,  Metropolitans  hardened  to  .'iSj,  but  came 
back  to  521,  and  District^,  after  ffoinp  above  40,  eased  off  aprain  to 
33i.  leaving:  falls  on  the  week.  Underground  Electric  Railways 
shares  fell  5s.  to  4i.  The  Company's  Is.  shares  are  quiet  and 
steady,  speculation  in  them  having'  died  out  to  a  considerable 
extent.  'The  ppecial  settlement  took  place  this  week  in  the  new 
London  and  Suburban  shares,  and  the  Preference  made  up  at 
14s.  3d.,  the  Ordinary  at  8s.  3d.,  and  the  Debentures  at  83.  These 
prices  compared  very  favourably  with  those  which  were  current 
about  10  days  ago.  when  the  Preference  fpll  back  to  half-a-guinea 
and  the  Ordinary  to  69.  6d.  The  Company  is  proposing  to 
exchange  its  own  securities  for  the  shares  of  the  South  Metro- 
politan Electric  Tramways  Company,  offering  £125  of  Preference 
for  £10ii  of  the  South  Metropolitan  Tramways  Preference.  The 
latter  for  a  long  time  past  have  enjoyed  no  free  market,  whereas 
the  London  and  lr>ubnrban  have  been  readily  dealt  in  since  they 
first  appeared,  and  this  consideration  will  probably  weigh  with 
some  of  the  South  Metropolitan  proprietors  in  inducing  them  to 
make  the  exchange.  Thus  another  step  is  taken  in  the  direction  of 
fusing  into  one  control  the  passenger  traffic  of  the  Metropolis. 
British  Electric  Traction  issues  rallied  to  some  extent,  in  spite  of 
the  trouble  which  is  being  experienced  in  Birmingham  in  connec- 
tion with  the  threatened  tramway  strike. 

London  Electricity  shares  are  disposed  to  weaken  a  little. 
London  Electric  Ordinary  shares  went  back  to  303.  :  Charing  Cross 
Ordinary  and  Preference  are  easier,  and  Westminsters  fell  i.  The 
improvements  in  Edmnndson's  if'Sues  are  maintained.  The  Urban 
report  has  not  affected  prices.  An  important  issue  of  5  per  cent. 
Debenture  stock  is  pending  by  the  Midland  Electric  Corporation, 
and  underwriting  arrangements  have  been  in  progress  this  week. 
The  money  is  required  partly  to  payoff  the  existing  4  J  percent. 
Debenture  stock,  which  becomes  redeemable  on  June  30th  next 
at  102 J.  Advance  particulars  show  the  stock  to  be  admirably 
secured.  Underwriters,  we  understand,  receive  a  commission  of 
li  per  cent. 

The  Mexican  news  is  again  of  a  very  mixed  character,  and  pro- 
prietors of  securities  connected  with  Mexico  are  pnzzled  to  know 
what  they  ought  to  do  in  the  present  sitnatirn.  To  the  outside 
observer  it  would  appear  that  affairs  there  will  get  straightened 
out  in  due  time,  although  this  has  been  a  much  longer  process  than 
anybody  expected  it  would  be.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  Mexico 
will  go  ahead  strongly  so  soon  as  the  revolutionary  spirit  is 
quenched,  but  in  the  meantime  a  good  deal  of  patience  is  necessary. 
While  the  market  in  the  common  shares  is  somewhat  dull, 
prices  of  the  prior  charge  securities  are  also  being  lowered 
by  way  of  precaution.  There  are  falls  this  week  in  Mexican 
Electric  Light  5  per  cent,  bonds,  Pachnca  bonds,  Monterey s  and 
one  or  two  other  similar  isfues.  The  market,  as  a  whole,  is 
subject  to  general  influences,  too.  and  there  is  the  forthcoming 
issue  of  Brazilian  Traction  Preferred  shares  to  give  an  added  touch 
of  depression  to  this  department.  Brazil  Trac'.ions  themselves  have 
gone  up  to  97J.  It  may  be  observed,  incidentally,  that  things 
Brazilian  are  not  in  great  favour  at  present,  owing  partly  to  the 
heavy  fall  in  the  price  of  raw  rubber,  which  the  alarmists  declare 
may.  if  persevered  in,  have  a  pronounced  effect  upon  the  revenues  of 
the  Federal  Government. 

The  telegraph  market  tends,  if  anything,  to  the  lower  side. 
Anglo-American  Telegraph  Preferred  and  Deferred  continue  to  be 
depressed,  and  there  still  seems  to  be  "  deceased '' stock  floating 
about.  The  dullness  is,  no  doubt,  accentuated  by  the  stagnation 
prevailing  in  American  circles,  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange 
apparently  being  worse  off  for  business  than  London  is.  The 
question  is  revived  as  to  whether  the  three  classes  of  Anglo-American 
Telegraph  stocks  could  not  be  unified.  The  diflBcolty,  however, 
seems  to  lie  in  the  off-chance  of  the  relations  between  the  Anglo- 
American  Telegraph  Company  being  dissolved  from  those  of  the 
Western  L^nion,  as  might  conceivably  happen  if  the  latter  were  to 
be  adjudged  a  monopoly  in  restraint  of  trade  under  the  United 
States  laws,  and,  therefore,  it  seems  necessary  that  the  identity  of 
the  three  Anglo  issues  should  be  separately  preserved.  Eastern 
Telegraphs  are  a  little  lower,  but,  on  the  other  hand.  Westerns 
rose  58.  to  13 J.  which  placed  them  very  much  on  the  same  level  as 
Eastern  Extensions  shares  and  Eastern  Telegraph  stock.  Great 
Northerns  continue  to  improve,  gaining  IDs.  Icdo-Europ)ean8  are 
er  t;2  123.  6d.  dividend,  allowing  for  which  there  is  no  net  change 
in  the  quotation.  Various  other  securities  are  quoted  er  dividend. 
Marconis  have  receded  still  further.  Since  last  we  wrote,  the  price 
has  been  down  to  4,  from  which  it  picked  up  to  ^g.  leaving  J  fall 
on  the  week.  There  is  nothing  much  going  on  in  National  Tele- 
phone Deferred,  the  price  keeping  about  21.  West  Coast  of  America 
shares  are  unaffected  by  the  issue  of  the  report,  the  first  since  the 
expiration  of  the  Portuguese  guarantee.  The  carry-forward  is 
reduced  in  consequence  of  this,  otherwise  there  is  not  much 
change. 

Renters,  old  and  new,  lost  J.  despite  a  good  report  and  the  main- 
tenance of  the  dividend  on  tx)th  classes  of  shares.  The  banking 
business  is  to  be  separated  from  the  other  part,  and  this  seems  to 
be  disliked  in  some  quarters. 

Copper  merchants  tell  us  that  orders  continue  to  come  in  at  a 
rapid  pace  from  their  electrical  manufacturing  customers,  but  the 
activity  in  manufsMituring  circles  which  this  suggests  is  not  le- 
fiected  in  the  share  market.  British  Thomson-Houston  Debenture 
in  a  point  up.  and  this  is  practically  the  only  (|  notable  change. 
Babcock  &  Wilcox  Preference  are  quoted  /'■r  the  rights  to  apply  for 
the  issue  of  Second  Preference  shares,  valued  for  Stock  Exchange 
purposes  at  t\  premium.  Rubber  shares  relapsed  after  their  brief 
bout  of  strength,  and  business  in  the  market  is  of  meagre 
proportion? 


MARKET     QUOTATIONS. 

It  should  be  remembered,  in  making  use  of  the  figures  appearini; 
in  the  following  list,  that  in  some  cases  the  prices  are  only  general, 
and  may  vary  ac<x>rding  to  qn  antities  and  other  circnm stances. 


Wednesday.  May  21st. 


CHEMICALS.  &C. 

Latest 
Price. 

Fortnight's 
[no.  or  Deo 

a  Acid,  Hjdrochlorio 

per  cwt. 

B/- 

M     „     Nitric 

„ 

22/- 

a     „     Oxalic            

per  lb. 

2Jd. 

a     „      Snlphurio 

per  cwt. 

6/6 

a  Ammoniac  6al 

jj 

42/. 

a  Ammonia,  Moriate  (large  crystal; 

per  ton 

£29  10 

a  Bleaching  powder 

£6  5 

a  Bisulphide  of  Carbon 

^ 

£18 

a  Borax 

£17  10 

a  Copper  Snlptaate 

,, 

£28  6 

a  Lead,  Nitrate         

£27 

a      „      White  Sugar 

„ 

£25  5 

a       „      Peroxide 

£32 

e  Methylated  Spirit 

per  gal. 

2/6 

a  Potassium,  Bichromate,  in  casks 

per  lb. 

m- 

a  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %) 

per  ton 

£22  10 

a        1,       Chlorate 

per  lb. 

8*d. 

a        „       Perchlorate 

4id. 

a  Poussium,  Cyanide  (98;iu0  %) . . 

„ 

7id. 

(for  mining  purposes  only) 

a  Shellac         

per  cwt. 

82/6 

2/6  inc. 

a  Solphate  of  Magnesia 

per  ton 

£4  10 

a  Sulphur,  Sablimed  Flowers 

1^ 

£610 

■        „         Recovered 

,^ 

£6  10 

a        „        Lump 

„ 

£6 

a  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/72  %)   . . 

„ 

£10  6 

a      „     Chlorate       

per  lb. 

Bid. 

a      „     Crystals         

per  ton 

£8  6 

a  Soditmi  Bichromate,  casks 

per  lb. 

Bd. 

•• 

METALS.  <tc. 

b  Aluminitmi  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  . . 

per  ton 

£95 

b           „          Wire,  in  ton  lots  i 

£112 

(1  to  14  8.W.G.)  ; 

" 

b           „          Sheet,  in  ton  lots   . . 

£126 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots     . . 

£50  to  £221 

,. 

c  Braes  (rolled  metal  2*  to  la*  basis) 

per  lb. 

m. 

id.  dec. 

c      „     Tube  (brazed) 

„ 

lUSd. 

id.  inc. 

c      „         „     (solid  drawn) 

9M. 

id.  inc. 

c      „     Wire,  basis    . 

j^ 

eld. 

Jd.dec. 

c  Copper  Tubes  (brazed)     . . 

„ 

Iljd. 

lid.  inc. 

c        „           „      (solid  drawn) 

jj 

lljd. 

lid.  inc. 

g       „       Bars  (best  selected)       . . 

per  ton 

£8.'. 

r       „      Sheet          

„ 

£86 

t       „      Rod 

„ 

£85 

d       „      (Electrolytic)  Bars 

„ 

£73  15 

£1  5 'ire. 

d       „                 „            Sheets      .. 

£90  15 

11  5  inc. 

rf       „                  „            Rods 

£78  15 

£1  5  inc. 

d       „                  „            H.C.  Wire 

per'lb. 

9§d. 

Jd.  inc. 

/  Ebonite  Rod           

„ 

4/6 

/       „        Sheet         

4/- 

n  German  Silver  Wire 

1^ 

lAO 

ii  Gutta-percha,  fine 

^, 

7/-  to  8/- 

b  India-rubber,  Para  fine  . . 

J, 

8/10 

Sid.  inc. 

/  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . . 

per  ton 

67/9 

/     „    Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual. 

), 

£14 

^  Lead,  English  Pig 

„ 

£19  5  to  £19  10 

f2*inc. 

m  Manganin  Wire  No.  28  .. 

per  lb. 

6/6 

g  Mercery         

per  bot. 

£7  10 

t  Mica  (in  original  cases)  small  . . 

per  lb. 

6d.  to8b. 

e      „               n           n      medium 

8/6  to  6/- 

e      „               ,.           „      large   .. 

„ 

7/6  to  11/- 

o  Nickel,  sheet,  wire,  &c 

1^ 

3/6  to  4'6  nom. 

p  Pboepbor  Bronze,  plain  castings 

„ 

1/1  to  1/3J 

p         „            „    rolled  bars  4  rods 

j^ 

1/0^  to  i/a 

,, 

p         „           „  rolled  strip  &  sheet 

„ 

1/aj  to  1/5J 

,, 

o  Platinum       

per  oz. 

186/- 

,, 

d  Silicium  Bionze  Wire 

per  lb. 

lld. 

r  Steel,  Magnet,  in  bars      . . 

per  ton 

£66 

f  Tin,  Block  (English) 

„ 

£224  to  £225 

fs'dec. 

a    „     Wire,  Nos.  1  to  16    . . 

per  lb. 

a/9 

p  White  Anti-friction  Metals 

per  ton 

£50  to  £228 

k  Zinc,  Bb'KVieiUeMontagnebnd.) 

" 

£29 

•• 

Qaotattons  supplied  by— 


a  Q.  Boor  A  Oo. 

b  The  British  Alnmlnliun  Co.,  Ltd. 

c  ThoB.  Bolton  <t  Sons,  Ltd. 

d  Frederick  Smith  i  (3o. 

e  F.  Wiggins  A  Sons. 

/India-Robber,  Qnlta-Peroba    and 

Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd. 
g  James  A  Bhakspeare, 
b  Edward  TIU  A  Oo. 


I  Boiling  A  Lowe. 

t  Morris  Ashby,  Ltd, 

/  Richard  Johnson  A  Nephew,  Ltd, 

m  W.  T.  Qlover  4  Co.,  Ltd. 

a  P.  Ormiston  A  Sons 

o  Johnson,  Mattbey  A  Co.i  Ltd. 

r  W.  F,  Dannie  ft  OOi 


West  African  Teleirraph  Co.,    Ltd. — The  (directors' 

report  for  the  year  ended  December  81st,  in  12,  ttates  that  the 
revenue  amounted  to  -t  46,603,  from  which  is  deducted  £17,091  for 
the  ordinary  expenses,  and  £6,837  for  expenditure  relating 
to  maintenance  of  cables  and  income-tax  abroad,. leaving  £22,674, 
plus  £'J87  brought  forward,  making  £23,661.  £1,323  has  been 
provided  for  income-tax,  <13,0ii0  has  been  transferred  to  general 
reserve  fund,  and  an  interim  dividend  of  2  per  cent,  (free  of  income- 
tax),  absorbing  -t  4.622,  was  paid  on  December  1st.  The  director? 
recommend  a  final  dividend  of  2  per  cent,  (free  of  income-tax),  on 
and  after  May  2l8t,  making,  with  the  interim  distribution,  4  per 
cent,  for  the  year,  the  balance  of  t;94  being  carried  forward.  The 
meeting  is  called  for  May  21st. 

Cleveland  and  Dnrbani  County  Electric  Power  Co. 

— A  dividend  of  38  per  cent,  for  the  year  to  December  3l8t  is 
announced,  carrying  forward  £148. 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8r,-',  May  :m,  191,1.1  TIIK    K[>KCTIUCAL    KKVIKW. 


86  0 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELEOTRIOAL     OOMPANIEB, 


ENGLISH    ELECTBICITT   8UFFLT   AND  FOWEB   COMFAJTIES. 


BoarnemoDtb  ft  Poole,  Ordi    . . 

Do.    14%Pref 

Do.    Becond  6  %  Pref, 

Do.    4i%Deb.  Slook.. 
Bromiiton  A  Kensington,  Ord... 

Do.    T  3f,  Oum.  Pref 

Oont»l   Eloolrlc   Bapply,  «  %l 

Qa«r.  Deb.  I 

Obsiing  Oroaa,  Weel  End  ft  Oity 

Do.    U  %  Oom,  Pre! 

Do.     •^OTly     Undertaking"! 
4i  %  Onm.  Pref.  j 

Do.  Do.  4%  Deb 

Obelsea,  Ord 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Olty  o(  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Oom.  Pref 

Do.    B%Deb 

Do.    H  %  Second  Deb, 
County  of  London,  Ord 

Do,    8%  Pref 

Do.    4}  %  Deb 

Do,    4)  %  Second  Deb, 
BdmnndBon'B,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Onm.  Prel 

Do.    6%  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    ii  %  First  Mori,  Oeb,  . . 
FolkeBtone 

Do,    6%  Onm,  Pref 

Do,    4|%FlrgtDeb 

Ho*« 


Stock 

DlTtdendi 

Bbue. 

(or 

. 

1911. 

1913. 

10 
10 

s< 

6 

10 

A 

6 

stock 

*k 

H\ 

6 

10 

10 

E 

1 

T 

100 

4 

4 

B 

B 

Bt 

S 

<1 

*i 

B 

ii 

*J 

100 

4 

4 

S 

e 

4t 

Stock 

it 

4* 

10 

B 

9 

10 

H 

B 

stock 

B 

B 

100 

*i 

«* 

10 

A 

« 

10 

H 

K 

Stock 

*i 

^ 

Stock 

<S 

£3 

Nil 

6 

Nil 

a 

6 

100 

«l 

ill 

E 

6 

6 

fi 

E 

B 

100 

*fl 

ih 

B 

9 

9f 

doling 
Qnotklloni 

May  aOth, 


»i-  10| 

Si—  9< 

10  —  10. 

96  —  98 

r-ii 

96  —  98 

4  J—    i-; 

83-     41 

9U-  934 
4j-    6 

96  —  99 
16  -  174 
12  -  18 

116  — lao 

100  -102 
104—  11 
11§_  12H 

104  —106 

97  —100 

us-  a^ 

i-ih-  854 

44—  6 
90-92 
7i-    7J 


BIta  PrsMDl 
+  or     TIeld 
Fall       P.O. 


I  a.  d. 
E  18  B 
4  14  0 
B  14  0 
4  11  )0 
EOS 
8  18  10 


-  i 

+   A 


4  1    8 

5  5    8 
4  16    0 


4  10  11 

5  6    8 
4  10    7 


5     9     1 
4  19    0 


4  10    0 
Nil 


5  4     8 

6  0  0 
6  0  0 
4  17  10 
6  16    a 


EenalDglonftEnlghtibrUlga,Ord  ' 

Do.    4  %  Deb I 

Kent  Bleo.  Power,  44  %  Deb,  ..  i 
London  Bleotrlo,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref ! 

Do,    4  %  Eimt  Mort,  Deb.    .. 
Metropolitan         

Do.    41  %  Onm,  Pref 

Do.    44  %  FlrBl  Mort.  Oeb.  . . 

Do.    B4%  Mort.  Dob ' 

Midland  Electric  Corporation  I  i 
44  %  First  Mort,  Deb.  /  ! 
Norib  Metropolitan  Powor  Sup- 
ply, E  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  j 
Kotling    Hill,   6  %  Non-Onm.  I 
Pref.) 

Oxford  

Bt.  James'  and  Fall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Booth  London,  Ord 

Do.    S  %  FIret  Mort.  Deb.    .. 
Bonth  MetropoUtan,  T%Pref... 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Onm.  Pref 

Do.    44  %  First  Mort.  Deb. . . 
Weatmlnster.  Ord,         ..        .. 

Do,    44%Oam.Piel 


DirUmd* 
tot 


• 

1911. 

6 

» 

Btook 

4 

Btook 
B 

SI 

B 

a 

Btook 

4 

E 

« 

B 

U 

Btook 

A 

Btook 

b| 

100 

4 

100 

6 

10 

6 

6 

fi 

B 

10 

6 

7 

100 

04 

4 

B 

100 

B 

1 

T 

100 
£8 

N^ 

B 

2 

100 

<4 

5 

10 

6 

4 

QnotBMimi 
Hay  20tb. 


71-    7i 

90  —  98 
70  —  80 

11=  il 

91  —  D4 

98—101 
82-88 

99-102 
98—101 
91-lOJ 


Ptmibi 


+  i 


J  1.  d. 

6  14  8 

4    «  0 

6  13  H 

4    7  9 

B  17  1 

4    E  1 

E    6  8 

4  17  4 

4    9  8 

4    9  4 

4    8  8 


E  11    1 

E 18  g 

BUI 
4  16  7 
4  0  6 
7  7  8 
4  19  0 
6  17  11 
4  10    6 


6    8    8 

B  12    8 
4    8    9 


COLONIAL   AND   FOBEION    ELECTBICITT   8UFFLT   AND   POWER. 


Adelaide,  fl  %  Pref 

Oalontta,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Prel 

Calgary  Power,  1st  Mort,  Bds, 
Canadian  Qen,  El,  Oom. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and T,,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Bleo.  Lt.  and  P.  ofCoohabamba,  1 

?  %  Bonds  ( 

Bleo.  Supply  Victoria,  6  %  let ) 

Mort.  Deb. ) 

Bleo.  Dot.  Ontario,  E   %   Istl 

Mort.  Bonds  J 

Kalgoorlle  Bleo.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Kaminlstlqala  Power,  6%  Q.  Be. 

Madras,  Ord.         

Melbourne,  5  %  let  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt„  5%  Ist  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt,  ft  Power,  Common 

Do,    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    E  %  Ist  Mort.  Qold  Bde, 


B 

A 

6 

E 

84 

84 

6 

6 

5 

100 

B 

E 

$100 

7 

7 

$100 

7 

7 

1 

H 

too 

5 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

B 

E 

«600 

B 

B 

10/- 

Nil 

1 

6 

A 

«600 

6 

6 

6 

Nil 

100 

5 

B 

6 

6 

9100 

4 

41 

$100 

T 

7 

6 

B 

5-61 

B  14  a 

64—    7   xd 

5  19    4 

984-  95* 

4  17    7 

+  h 

6    5    8 

116  -119 

6  17    8 

119  —124 

B  13    0 

H-      I 

5  14     3 

94  -  96 

6    4    2 

984-  954 

6    6 

90  —  93 

6    7    6 

944-  964 

+  i 

6    i    1 

,1:./ 

NU 

8    6    8 
4  18    0 

If-  ij 

103  —106 

4  14    4 

80  —  e,<! 

-1 

6  19     1 

74  -  77 

-1 

5    2    7 

100  -103  xd 

6  16    0 

91  -  93 

6    7    6 

Monterey  BIy.  Light  ft  Power,  1 

6  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H,  and  Power  . . 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal, ) 

6  %  let  Mort.  Bonds  J 

Elver  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum,  Pref.     . . 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Btook   .. 

Boy.  Bleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  1 

iBt  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Bbawlnigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  ist  Mort,  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per.  Deb 


Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb 

~         "         "  l„  P.  and  T.,  E  %  ) 

iBt  Mort.  Deb.  / 


Vera  Crui  Lt„  P.  and  T.,  E  < 


Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref, 
West  Eootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 
iBt  Mort.  6  %  Gold  ; 


100 

s 

E 

$100 

B 

9t 

$500 

5 

6a 

Stock 

in 

10 

Do. 

6 

A 

Do. 

6 

E 

100 

4 

«i 

$100 

E 

5 

$500 

B 

6 

Stock 
Do. 

It 

t 

100 

B 

6 

1 

Hid. 

17§d. 

100 

6 

6 

80-83 

—1 

229  -234 

15  —  25 

207  -217 

zd 

102  —107 

xd 

100  -102 

100  —102 

1£6  —140 

_2 

107  —109 

100  -102 

xd 

99  —101 

91  —  04 

H-      \l 

106  -108 

6  19    1 
8  17 


4    8  0 

6    9  1 

4  18  0 

4    8  8 

8  10  2 

4  11  9 

4    7  0 

4    9  0 

B    6  6 


TELEOBAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amaion  Telegraph         . . 

Do.    B%  Deb.  Bed 

American  Telep.  ft  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do,    CoUat,  TroBt 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  ■  Portngnese   Tel.,  6  %) 
Mort,  Deb,  / 

Oblll  Telephone 

Oommerclal  Cable,  Stlg.  4%  Deb. 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do,     10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.     10%Cnm.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W.  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg.  Deb.  / 
Baatern  Telegraph,  Ord,  Btook 

Do.    84%  Prei.  Stock.. 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Baatern  Extension  ,. 

Do.    4  %  Deb. 


Bast  and  B.   Africa  Tel.  4  %1 
Mt.  Db.  MaoritlDS  Bob,  J 
Blobe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Sreat  Northern  Telegraph 
Indo-Bnropean  Telegraph 
U aekay  OompanleB  Common  . . 

Do.    4%  Onm.  Pref 

UarooDl'a  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    1%  Cnm,  Partio.  Pref, 


10 

4 

4+ 

Btook 

6 

B 

$100 

8 

Bt 

$1000 

4 

4 

Stock 

H 

B 

Do. 

K 

6 

Do. 

80/- 

30/- 

100 

B 

fi 

6 

7 

H 

Btook 

4 

4 

10 

K 

K 

10 

lU 

lU 

5 

4 

41 

6 

10 

10 

10 

s 

4 

100 

4 

«i 

stock 

7 

7t 

Do. 

84 

04 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7 

Btook 

4 

4 

16 

4 

4 

10 

6 

61 

10 

K 

A 

10 

18 

20 

26 

13 

13 

100 

6 

6 

1100 

4 

4 

1 

2(1 

1 

17 

ei-  7i 

97  -  99 
131  -133 

92  —  94 
64  —  66 

1093-llOi 
23|-  24J 
104  -106 

7H-    7Ji! 

85  —  87 
81—    9J  xd 

164-  ICi  xd 
8-1-    3J 
6|-    7i 
64-    68  xd 

99  —101 

135  —138 
77  -  79 
90  —  92 
134-  18i 

93  —  96 

984-10O4xd 

103—  II  i 

128-  13i 
sol-  32? 
664—  68*  xd 
83  —  8G' 
69  —  72 
44-    4i 


6    2    0 

6    1    0 

—1 

6  19    6 

4    6    1 

—  4 

4  W  11 

—  I 

6    8^-4 

-i 

6    4    4 

•n 

4  15    3 

6     1     1 

4  12    0 

0    6    4 

6  17    8 

.. 

5    6    8 

C  18    0 

5  18    6 

4    9    0' 

6     15 

4    8     1 

—  1 

4    7    0 

6    2    7 

—2 

4    2    6 

3  11    7 

5    6    8 

4  11     4 

+  i 

6    3     1 

5    6    7 

5  16    3 

6  11     1 

-  4 

4  14     1 

-i 

4  13  10 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

New  York  Telep.,  44%  Qen,  Bnda. 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo. 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4  %  Red.  Deb 

Paoiflc  and  European  Tel.,  4  % ) 

Guar.  Debs,  / 

Renter's       

Do.    New  Shares         .. 
Submarine  Cables  TraBt 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  % ) 
Deb.  Bed.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6%  Cum,  Prel 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to     ,600) 

gnar.  by  Braz.  Sab.  Tel.  | 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum,  1st  Pref, 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  and  Pref, 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

6 

61 

1 

6 

6 

100 

4 

44 

1 

R 

10 

1 

6 

6 

Btook 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

101 

10 

Cert. 

8 

6 

Stock 

44 

44 

6 

81 

5 

B 

Si 

9i 

100 

4 

10 

1} 

u 

10 

0 

10 

6 

100 

B 

10 

71 

Btook 

4 

$1000 

4 

44 

1  —    14 

97p  98? 
l5-    lixd 
ij-    11  xd 

88-90 

98  -100 

11  —  114 
lojs-  ii,»a 

124  -127 
964-  984 

63—    7   xd 
6|-    5i 
U-    14 
E6  -  99 

25-    84  xd 
9J  —  lOj  xd 

h—    95  xd 
101  —103 
18J—  182 
96  —  97 


+   i^ 


6  6  8 
B  14    8 

4 11  a 

6  3  3 
4  16  0 
4    8  II 


..     I  4    0  0 

—  4  '  8  19  0 

4  i4  6 

4  11  5 

..       6    8  6 

..     14    9  0 

..     I  4    8  4 

..     !  4    0  10 

..     i  3  18  fi 

. .     '  5  14  3 

..     16    0  0 

4  17  1 

6    3  8 

4  6 

4  U  0 


+  J 


"Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid. 


a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants. 


t  Interim  Dividend, 


t  8a.  in  Funded  Dividend  Cerli, 


CONTINUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


866 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE^TEW. 


[Vol  72.    No.  1,852,  May  2:i,  1913. 


SHARE    LIST    07    ELECTRICAL    OOMTANlEB.-<.C.mtinv^d.) 

ELECTRIC   RAILWAYS   AND   TRAKWAT8.-H0MS. 


Balb  TrmiDB,  Prei.  Old 

Do.    6%Pref 

Do.    44%Deb 

Brit.  Elee.  Tree,  «  %  Pref.     . . 

Do.        Do.  Deferred      .. 

Do.        Do.  6%Cam.Pr'f 

Do.  7%Non-Cnm.  Pi'f. 

Do.  6  9',  Perp.  Deb.      .. 

Do.  4i  %  2iid  Deb. 

CsDirkI  London  Railway,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Def 

Do.    4%  Deb 

CitjA  B.London,  6%  Pref.,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1896    .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1908     .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Gre»»  Northern  A  a»y,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Butings  TranuB,  6  %  Pref, 

Do.    41  %  Deb 

Ble  of  Tbanel  Truns,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Elec.  Rallw'ys,  4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trami,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.  4%  Deb 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 


100 
100 
10 
100 


DiTldends 
for 


Closing 

Blje 

PreeenI 

Qaotatione 

+  or 

Yield 

May  2:th. 

FaU 

p.c, 

J  1.  i. 

P^ 

•• 

KU 
6    8    1 

72-77 

B  17    0 

8i-  104 

,. 

4—6 

+  »i 

84-87 

+  1 

6  18    0 

84-38 

4  2J| 

88  —  92 

6    8    8 

78  —  77xd 

,, 

6  17    0 

83-84 

:4  15    8 

84-88 

:4  13    0 

80  —  82 

:4  17    7 

99  —101 

3  19    8 

100  -109 

4  18    0 

100  —103 

4  18    0 

99  -102 

4  18    0 

97  -100 

5    0    0 

92-94 

+i 

4    6     1 

r,7^7p 

NU 

7    7    8   1 

+  1 

6    6    0 

2i-    21 

4  16    3 

76-80 

6    0    0 

73-80 

6    5    0 

94  —  96 

4    8    4 

4i-     6 

62  —  66 

6    13 

Ukum, 


HelropoUlan  BaUwaj  Ooniol. .. 

Do,    Sorplns  Landi    . . 

Do,    Si  %  Deb 

Do.    8*%  Pref 

Do.    8}  %  Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  Dlilrlot  Ord, 

-     ,Deb 

Deb 

J  Prior  Lien    .. 

%  Fire*  Pref 

j%Q»d 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  TramSi  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4|%Deb 

Bonth  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Underground     Eleo,    RallwayB 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cam,  Inc.  Deb, 

Do.    44%  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    44%  Deb 


too 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 

100 

1 

1 

100 

I 

100 
10 

1/- 

100 
100 
100 
6 
6 
100 


Dividends 

for 


Closing 

Rise 

Qaotations 

+  or 

May  20th. 

Van 

621-  B2J 

-} 

62  -  64 

86  —  f7 

f3  —  86 

81  -  88 

39  -  394 

-4 

139  -141 

94-96 

97  —  99 

85-87 

76-77 

r    P 

87-91 

914-  9<1 

L  ^f 

82  -  85  xd 

65  —  70 

4*-     42 

-i 

a-   h 

Uy  —112 

■^1 

97-99 

92  —  93 

i-     i 

ea-  3 

81-85 

ELECTRICAL   RAILWAYS   AND   TRAKWATS.— COLONIAL  AND   FOREIGN. 


Aaglo-Arg,  Trams,  lit  Preli     .. 

Do.    9nd  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do,    44%  Deb 

Do.    5%  Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb, 
Bombay  Elec.  B.  &  Trams,  Pref, 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6  %  2nd  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light   and  1 

Power  / 

Brisbane  Trams  Inrt.,  Otdi     .. 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    44%  Deb 

B,  Colombia  Eleo,  BI7,,  Det.    .. 

Do,    Pret.  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    4}  %  1st  Mon.  Deb.      .. 

Do.    44  %  VanconTer  Deb.   . . 

Do.    4|%  Con.  Deb 

Calcntta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

City  BnenoE  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr.  4  Lt.,  6  %  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  .. 

Do,    6%  A  Deb 

Do.    8%BDeb 


6 

B 

§1 

^ 

100 

4 

4 

100 

4 

H 

100 

E 

E 

100 

E 

E 

10 

8 

6 

100 

44 

4 

100 

E 

E 

JlOO 

6t 

t 

8 

8f 

6 

E 

6 

100 

*>! 

ih 

100 

e 

81 

100 

6 

8 

100 

E 

E 

40 

4 

4 

100 

4 

4 

100 

4 

4 

E 

7 

6t 

5 

B 

E 

100 
1 

3 

4 

B 

e 

Bt 

100 

4 

4 

100 

B 

B 

tiooo 

1 

E 
Nil 

E 

100 

B 

B 

100 

6 

8 

4H-  5A 

964—  92I 
984-1C04 
99  —101 
101  —103 

101-  114 

96-98 
97  —  99 

Qfil        QQl 


+  4 


6  8  7 
S  14  3 
4  6  6 
4  9  6 
4  19    0 

4  17    1 

5  4  4 
4  11  10 

6  10 
6    2    6 


4  16    8 
4    7    6 


4  8 

5  12 
4  17 


4  11  0 
4  2  6 
e  5  10 
4  19    0 

NU 
E  18    8 


La  Plata  Eleo,  Tnna,  Ord. 

Do,    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  .. 
ManaoB  Trams  &  LI,,  Ist  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.  and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do,    Qen.  Con.  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6%  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys.  &  Lt.,  Ord.     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W.A.)  Eleo.  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  Ist.  Deb 

Rangoon  El,  Tr.  &  Sap.,  Pref, .. 

Do.    44%  Ist  Deb 

Rio de  Janeiro  Trams,  IstMort. ) 
6  %  Bonds  I 

Do.    6  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Paolo  Tram,   Lt.  and  P.  \ 
5  %  1st  Deb.  I 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Boathem  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  6  %  Deb. 
Un.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Ist  Deb 

Winnipeg  Elec,  Rly.,  44  %  Deb. 


1 

Nil 

..  1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

4^d. 

1 

6 

« 

100 

B 

E 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

•1000 

6 

6 

•100 

7 

Tt 

E 

6 

100 

fi 

6 

B 

10 

10 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

1 

6 

64 

100 

6 

6 

6 

6 

8 

100 

*i 

4 

6 

6 

100 

E 

6 

•600 

« 

B 

100 

6 

E 

100 

6 

B 

6 

7 

fit 

E 

6 

K 

100 

6 

B 

100 

4 

4 

ii-  is  xd 

-A 

lA-  ij  xd 

i  -     1; 

92-97 

103  —105 

90  —  93 

+  2 

97  —100 

106  —108 

91—93 

~i 

97  -99 

-4 

62-    73 

44-    61 

98  -100  xd 

iJi^ZiSI* 

61-    6J 

,. 

97-99 

1013-lOSJ 

-i 

954-  964 

., 

1014-1034 

834-  874 

96  —  98 

5-    6i| 

964-  98* 

99  —103 

JIANtJFACTURING   COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord.    ..        ..       ..       .. 

Do.    «%Pref 

Babeoek  4  WUoox 

Do.    Pref 

British  Alnminiam,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  8tk 

BlI.  *  Belsby  Cables      .. 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Brlksb  ThomBon'HooBton,Deb, 
British  WestinghooBe,  Pref.    . . 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browelt,  Llndley,  Ord 

Do.    Pref.  

Bmsb,  7%Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb, 
^allender's  Cable 

Do,    Pref 

Do,    Deb 

Castner-Kellner 

Do,    Deb 


100 

100 

E 

B 

100 

100 

8 

100 

100 

1 

1 

9 

100 

100 

100 

B 

B 

100 

1 

100 


• 

n 

6 

88 

16 

R 

6 

Nil 

Nil 

6 

6 

fi 

fi 

E 

10 

10 

6 

6 
44 

I 

N^ 

4 

4 

6 

8 

HII 

Nil 

5 

6 

n 

n 

u 

16 

E 

6 

4 

4 

90 

3(1 

4 

4 

^S 

•• 

8    0    0 
7    3    2 

r-    8 

5    2    6 

li  -    1    xd 

4    7    3    1 

}|-      8 

1 

5  17    2 

98-96^ 

6    4    2 

84  —  87 

6  14  11 

et    6i 

6    5    0 
4  16    0 

102  -104 

4    6    7! 

HI  -  99 

+  1 

4  11     0    1 

i-     J 

Nil 

64  -68 

+  1 

6  17     8    1 

98  -101 

6  18  10 

3/-  -8/- 

Nil        1 

4/6-«(- 

NU        1 

0-      J 

NU 

78  -  78 

6    8    3 

88-48 

^^ 

10    9    4 

26  —  29 

16  13    4    { 

11  -  Ilfid 

6    7    8 

4i-    64 

4  17    7 

98  —101 

4    9    1 

83-    3jxd 

6    0    0 

108  -106 

4    4  11 

Cromplon  &  Oo 

Do,    Deb 

Dick,  Kerr 

Do,    Pref 

Edison  i  Swan,  A,  48  paid 

Do,    folly  paid  .. 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Do,    6  %  Second  Deb, 
Electric  Constroolion    .. 

Do.    Pref 

Qreenwood  A  Batley,  Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

Qeneral  Electric,  e,%  Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do,    Dab 

India-Robber,  Q,  A  T.     . . 

Do.    Pref. 
Telegraph  Oonslrootion.. 

Do.    Deh 

WlUanB  A  Robinson 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb. 


8 

NU 

100 

E 

E 

1 

E 

Nil 

1 

6 

6 

6 

Nil 

6 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

100 

B 

6 

a 

ih 

8} 

9 

1 

7 

10 

1 

7 

100 

B 

(i 

10 

6 

Ci 

100 

4 

4 

6 

IB 

Ifi 

B 
100 

« 

« 

10 

74 

10 

6 

6 

13 

"* 

20 

100 

4 

4 

1 

Nil 

fi 

NU 

too 

4 

« 

I-   i 

ES  —  E7 


60-64 
70  —  78 

IJ—  3 
74—  8 
92  —  94 

10  —  lOJ 
88-93 
121—  13 

ii—  6 
101  —103 

11  —  12 
9  —  10 

S6  —  88 
96  —  99 

67—69 


DoleiB  Otherwise  Stated,  all  share   are  tolly  paid.       t  Interim  dlridend.        I  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Undergroond  Electri   Railways. 


Bank  rat*  of  Discount  44  par  cant..  April  17th.  itlS. 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,Hr,:',  May  j.i,  19I:i.1 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


867 


EXPORTS  AND  IMPORTS  OP  ELECTRICAL  GOODS  DURING  APRIL,  191.3. 


Al/riiouoii  the  April  export  (iffiiroH  fall  very  far  nhort  of  the 
bumper  total  recorded  in  the  prcviouH  month,  the  diM'oronce  in  lo  a 
larffe  extent  accounted  for  by  the  exopptional  telei;raphio  exi)ort 
included  during  that  month.  The  April  exportH  amounted  in  value 
to  €592,621  (an  compared  with  £99 1, Molt  in  Miiroh),  while  exoludinif 
telef^raphiu  items,  the  total  of  £171, 475  is  8omo  £1ii,()(M)  Iobh  than 
recorded  in  March. 

The  month's  exports  included  machinery  to  the  value  of  over 
£210110(1;  uable,  some  £78,<iiMi  in  value  showini;  a  considerable 
decline  ;  and  over  C7i>,(iii()  worth  of  telephonic  material — this  also 
bein);  much  less  than  in  March. 


The  importH,  at  i;2f>U,26«,  compared  with  iL:'.!,',,H2  in  .March, 
Hhowinir  an  incroaHO  of  nearly  £l'i,<iO(i  In  value,  whil.)  the  reexport 
totalH  wore  £2:j,.'tl9  and  £23,72:i  respectively,  for  April  and 
March. 

Machinery  importH  were  on  a  Homcwhat  lower  ii<;ale  than  in 
March,  but  incroaaed  valuea  are  recorded  for  cableii,  fittinKi  and 
(flow  laiiipH. 

An  excellent  all-round  customer  of  this  country  wait  A rirentiiiA, 
while  India,  New  South  Wales  and  Canada  also  maileomparatively 
heavy  purchases.  In  the  importH  section,  Ijoth  the  I'nitod  Htatw 
and  Germany  did  an  increased  basinesH  with  thiH  country. 


Registered  Exports  of  BritlHh  and  Irish  Electrical  Goods  from  the  United  Kingdom. 


DestlnfttlOD  of  exports  and  ooontr;  oODilgning 
Imports. 


Russia,  Sweden,  Norway  and  Denmark 

Germany 

Netherlands,  Java  and  Dutch  Indies 

Belgium 

France  

Portugfal  

Spain  and  Canary  Isles 

Switzerland,  Italy  and  Austria-Hungary   ... 

Greece,  Roumania  and  Turkey 

Channel  Isles,  Gibraltar,  Malta  and  Cyprus... 

U.S.A.,  Philippines  and  Cuba  

Canada  and  Newfoundland 

British  West  Indies  and  British  Guiana 

Mexico  and  Central  America  

Peru  and  Uruguay      

Chile 

Brazil 

Argentina         

Colombia,  Venezuela  and  Bolivia     

Egypt  and  Persia         

British  West  Africa,  Ascension  &  St.  Helena 

Rhodesia  and  Transvaal        

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Natal 

Zanzibar,  Brit.  E.  Africa,  Mauritius  &  Aden 
Azores,  Madeira  and  Portuguese  Africa 
French  African  Colonies  and  Madagascar  ... 


China  and  Siam 
Japan  and  Korea 

India     

Ceylon 

Straits    Settlements, 

and  Sarawak 
Hong  Kong 


Fed.     Malay     States 


West  Australia  

South  Australia  

Victoria 

New  South  Wales       

Queensland       

Tasmania 

New  Zealand  and  Fiji  Islands 


£ 

1,646 

15,364 
955 

1,783 
977 
518 

1,579 
202 
689 
720 

200 

591 

84 

13 

743 

584 

949 

4,360 

119 

502 

2,J91 

1,629 

1,227 

120 

427 
5 

707 

685 

<i,012 

118 

287 
511 

171 
1,000 
2,875 
2,206 

244 

1,353 


Total,  £  42,446 


£ 

426 

l,35f> 

1,208 

29t 

13 

24 

1,351 

382 

368 


788 
58 

22 

1,556 

976 

14,150 

71 

1,071 

2,529 

3,868 

5,414 

84 

250 


5,108 

20 

15,771 

173 

548 
31 

266 
1,382 
6,477 
6,462 
54 
99 
2,322 


iT 
67 
35 

264 

151 

3,934 

25 

74 

518 
63 
14 

49 

322 

68 

145 

470 

853 

1,624 

41 

108 
75 
494 
231 
376 
105 
61 


sis 

Hi 


•eg 


II 

.19 

^  i 


111 

m 


£ 

196 
11(1 

149 

47 
35 

56 
136 


40 

384 

50 

10 

171 

187 

398 

1,346 


196 

42 

2,174 

341 
12 

223 
24 


319  1,097 
1,0971 


77,971  18,232 


3,246 
246 

333 
303 

125 
100 
824 
503 
229 

750 


3,069 
39 

250 
671 

491 

427 
780 
624 
123 
100 
396 

14,394  3,092 


469 
41 

374 
12 


84 


12 

29 
68 

170 
63 

229 


190 
113 
198 


£ 
152 

26 
29 

48 


£ 

f;,992 
6,18fc 

614 
3,852 

794 


213 

719 

5,534 

8 

2,536 

336 

33 

184 

55 

2,840 

1,434 

10,268 

305 

35f 

90 

V4 

1,16( 

2 

4,. 54? 

293 

4,081 

554 

21,656 

... 

767 

198 

943 

531 

9 

11,587 

1,251 

4,793 

132 

7,610 

3 

16,161 

16 

2,210 

4,791 

991 

12,444 

2,251 

18,985 

2,222 

129 

2,714 

163 

359 

214 

4,218 

894 

617 

898 

13,103 

762 

11,218 

94 

3,355 

39 

70 

572 

3,331 

14,541 

191,063 

£ 

100 
415 

341 
3C' 


82 


409 


66 

2,175 

86f 

6,204 

13 

296 
40 
32 

269 
93 


36 

103 
2,672 
3,667 

306 

602 
60 


2 
196 


1,024 


19,088 


24 

22 
29 

87 

34 

1,553 

61 


2,499 

20 

46 

77 

3,464 

1,432 

115 

2,351 
53 

1,709 
314 
513 

29 


35 

237 

4,691 

132 

102 

875 

49 

28 

120 

283 

13 
302 


31 

7 

207 

145 


220 
16 


13 


10 


19 

52 

61 

1,402 

187 

442 

1,605 


15 


ill 


M, 

493 
1,742 

18< 

29f 
67 
90 

966 

875 
2,600 

348 


...  1   500 
467!  28,968 


771 
87 
"60| 
152 
4,541 
166  10,969: 
40 


21 
74 


174 
21 

187 


108 


34 
262 
171 

4,416 
1,651 
7,3.33 


836   4,505 
10  11,997 


79 

242 

91 


126 
1,884 
132 
66|  10.097 

245    128 
16 


3,836 

1,301 

141 


620 

4 

2,312 

147 


21,299  1,633 


492  28,354 
11    255 


315 

,3,949 

1,737 

33,295 

232 

3,873 


128 

98 

1,339 

1,156 

62 

3,803 


•0,816:118,146 


« 
10,770 
16,784 
3,369 
8,969 
6,244 
1,381 
13,281 
6,024 
3,829 
1,682 

3,697 
46,142 

1,0.56 
491 

2,716 
14,361 
18,139 
69,023 

1,166 

11,018 
12,816 
21,051 
14,927 
15,663 
10,695 
16,328 
260 

15,277 

22,007 

61,690 

3,524 

33,996 
3,239 

5,977 

8,623 

28,164 

66,849 

4,393 

321 

17,780 

592,621 


Registered  Imports  into  the  United  Kingdom  of  Electrical  Goods  from  all  Countries. 


Norway,  Sweden  and  Denmark 

Germany  

Holland  

Belgium 

France 

Switzerland 

Italy      

Austria-Hungary        

Spain     

United  States  ... 
New  South  Wales 
Canada  ... 


Total, 


53 

82 

15 

47 

37 

36 

3,422 

334 

71S 

46i 

9,683 

29,069 

3,765 

13,368 
506 

7,223 
520 

2,667 

76,642 
171 

1,097 

1,711 

7,155 

28| 

1,156 

2,737 

171 

183 

86 

... 

,  3,407 

28 

282 

18 

432 

660 

1,306 

760 

245 

921 

1,004 

156 

1,282 

3,532 

95 

564 

43 

4 

731 

998 

75 

133 

264 

5,569 

... 

i 

... 

866 

523 

173 

436 
13 

248 

262 
537 

8,986 

114 
95 

1,522 

36 

204 
83 

165 

10,694 

29,636 

890 

94' 

135 

6,822 

15,427 

10 
95,804 

£ 

20,704 

39,685 

8,571 

4,509 

31,326 

6,131 

11,806 

6,472 
4,381 
36 
5,650 
2,093 

1,422 
55 

3,376 


11,211 

165,661 

'     1,261 

13,718 

i  12,381 

2,633 

I     7.263 

I     2,561 

6.50 

'  54,826 

1,068 

145 


23,485 


263,268 


Registered  Re-Exports  of  Foreign  and  Colonial  Electrical  Goods  from  the  United  Kingdom. 


Various  countries,  mainly  as  above 


10,040 

SO(i 

... 

2,617    690 

... 

8,018 

172   757 

349         I  23,349 


Total  Expoets  :  £592,621, 


Total  Re-Expobts  :  £23,349. 


Total  Imports  :  £2(13,268. 


NOTB. — The  amounts  appearing  under  the  several  headings  are  classified  according  to  the  Customs  returns.  The  first  and 
third  columns  contain  many  amounts  relating  to  "  goods  "  otherwise  unclassified,  the  latter,  doubtless,  consisting  of  similar 
materials  to  those  appearing  in  adjacent  oolnmns.  Imports  are  credited  to  the  country  whence  consigned,  which  is  not  neoeesaiily 
the  oonntry  of  origin. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[VoL  72.     No.  1,85J,  May  2;i,  1913. 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


A  New  Form  of  Eleclrlcally-driven  TTvo-high  Continnons- 
ranning  Reversing  Mill. 

By    Andrew   Lambebtox. 

(^Ahttract  of  paper  read  before  the  Ibon  AKD  Steel  Institutk, 
May.  1913.) 
The  day  has  not  yet  arrived  when  it  can  be  claimed  that  by  the 
nniversal  adoption  of  tlectricity  as  the  motive  power  for  driving 
rolling  mills  in  iron  and  steel  works,  the  highest  economy  in 
running  costs  can  be  attainfd.  Speaking  generally,  where  steel- 
works are  associated  with  lilast-fnmaces,  and  perhaps  also  coking 
ovens,  and  an  abundant  supply  of  surplus  gas  is  available  for  pro- 
ducing electric  current  at  a  low  cost,  electrical  driving  of  such 
mills  is  clearly  indicated.  The  greatest  diflBculty  is  met  with 
in  dealing  with  reversing  mills  of  the  two-high  type,  where  the 
rolls  have  to  be  reversed  at  each  pass,  and  when  these  mills  are  of 
large  size  the  electrical  plant  is  extremely  costly,  the  reversirg 
mill  motors  nocessary  being  from  lO.Oi'n  to  l."',OiiO  brake  horse- 
power, due  to  their  having  to  start  from  rest  under  full  load  at 
each  reversal. 

All  engineers  may  be  said  to  be  in  agreement  that  where  rolling- 
mills  can  be  driven  by  a  constant-running  motor  associated  with  a 
heavy  fly-wheel  to  take  the  peak  loads  of  rolling,  electrical  driving 


to  rotate  in  the  fixed  frames  or  hoasings  i).  In  order  to  make  the 
turning  of  the  gables  easy,  these  are  carried  on  broad  revolving  anti- 
friction rollers  E,  fig.  2,  pl<iced  immediately  under  the  gables,  and 
carrying  the  weight  of  the  same.    These  anti- friction  rollera  have 


LJci-_i 


Fig.  2. 


is  to  be  preferred,  provided,  of  course,  that  the  cost  of  current  be 
low  enough.  For  small  mills  rolling  light  sections  and  bars,  which 
can  be  fed  to  the  mills  by  hand,  the  three-high  continuous-running 
mill  is  practically  universally  adopted,  and  in  such  cases  the  driving 
of  these  mills  by  a  continnons- running  electric  motor  leaves  nothing 
to  be  desired.  For  larger  mills  rolling  bars  and  sections  of  heavier 
type  which  cannot  be  fed  by  hand,  and  where  live  roller  feeding- 
tables  and  mechanical  manipolators  are  therefore  neoessary,  the 
three-high  type  of  mill  is  not  so  popular  in  this  country. 

It  occurred  to  the  author  that  if  two-high  section  rolling-mills 
could  be  designed  so  as  to  be  capable  of  being  driven  by  a  con- 
(inuous-ronning  electric  motor,  and  at  the  same  time  give  the 
neoessary  reversals  to  the  liar  at  each  pass,  this  would  go  a  long 
way  to  meet  the  difficulties,  as  the  ease  of  setting  the  rolls  in  the 
two-high  mUl,  and  the  simplicity  of  the  roller  tables  being  fixed 
instead  of  moving,  would  be  conserved,  and  the  large  and  very 
costly  reversing  motor  rendered  unnecessary.  The  following  is  a 
short  description  of  the  method  by  which  this  is  acoomplished  : — 

The  root  idea  of  the  new  system  is  that,  if  in  a  mill  with  two 
rolls,  arrangements  can  be  made  to  make  the  bottom  roll  the  top 
roll,  and  rire  rersa,  then  at  each  reversal  of  the  position  of  these 
rolls  there  wOl  be  a  pass  in  the  opjxjsite  direction.  If  then  a  pair 
of  rolls  be  mounted  in  circular  gables,  which  are  free  to  rotate  in 
fixed  frames  or  housings,  this  will  afford  a  continuous-running  two- 
high  milL  which  gives  reversals  at  each  pass,  on  the  gables  being 
rotated  through  an  angle  of  180°— half  a  revolution. 

Referring  to  fig.  1,  the  two  rolls  A  are  mounted  in  the  usual  form 
of  chocks  B  contained  in  the  circular  gables  c,  which  gables  are  free 


Fio,  1. 


part  of  their  breadth  formed  into  a  spur  pinion  f  which  gears  with 
corresponding  teeth  in  the  rotating  gables.  By  means  of  a 
hydraulically-operated  rack  (;  gearing  into  the  pinion  on  the  bottom 
roller  shaft  h,  the  rotation  of  the  gables  is  quickly  effected,  the 
time  taken  being  only  three  to  five  seconds,  and  the  stroke 
of   the   hydraulic  rams   is   just  sufficient  to   bring   the  rolls    to 

their  exact  position  at  each 
reversal.  To  provide  for 
the  alternate  change  in  the 
position  of  the  top  and 
bottom  roll,  the  driving 
spindles  .i,  conveying  the 
power  from  the  mill 
pinions  K  to  the  rolls  A, 
are  disposed  in  the  manner 
shown  in  fig.  2,  and 
the  weight  of  these 
spindles  is  borne  by  a 
balanced  carrying  gear,  the 
weight  of  the  descending 
spindle  balancing  that  of 
the  ascending  spindle  at 
each  reversal.  The  mill 
pinions  are  placed  side  by 
side,  and  not  superposed  aH 
is  usual,  as  this  side-by- 
side  arrangement  reduces 
the  angle  on  the  spindles 
during  reversals. 

The  motor,  driving  gear, 
and  fly-wheel,  require  no 
description.  By  the  em- 
ployment of  a  high-speed 
continuous- running  motor, 
the  size  and  cost  of  such 
motor  is  reduced  to  a  mini- 
mum ;  and,  as  the  fly-wheel 
takes  the  peaks  of  the 
rolling  loads,  the  highest 
economy  in  operation 
results. 

A  rail-rolling  mill  plant 
on  this  new  system,  capable 
of  an  out-put  of  5,000  tons 
p)er  week,  comprises  three 
distinct  mills : — A  cogging- 
mill  taking  the  ingot  and 
reducing  it  to  a  bloom  ;  a 
roughing-mtll  to  reduce 
this  bloom  to  a  roughly 
formed  rail  ;  and  a 
finishing  mill  to  finish  the  rail  to  the  required  section. 

These  mills  are  all  of  the  same  continuous-running  reversing 
type.  The  live  roller  tables  are  all  fixed  tables  of.  the  simplest 
form,  and  the  manipulation  of  the  work  is  of  the  simplest 
character. 

The  first  mill  of  this  new  type  is  now  in  course  of  construction, 
and  will  be  put  to  work  in  a  large  steelworks  in  England  in  the 
early  summer. 


Power  Supplj  on  the  Rand. 

By  A.  E.  Hadlet. 

iD'fCi/smin   en  jiaper  read  before  the  iNSTITfTION  OF  ElecTKICAL 

Ent.ineebs,  at  Manchester,  March  Wth,  1913.     For  abstract  of 

paper  see  Blectbicai.  Review,  March  28M.) 

Db.  E.  Rosenbebg  said  that  there  were  some  remarkable  features 
which  distinguished  the  Rand  power  supply  from  all  others. 
First  the  incredibly  high  load  factor,  with  a  peak  load  of  88,000  KW., 
and  sales  averaging  1,350.000  units  per  day.  This  meant  that  the 
load  for  the  24  hours  was  equal  to  15'3  times  the  peak  load.  These 
figures  would  be  the  envy  of  most  central  station  engineers. 

Mk.  B.  Welbochn  said  that  in  certain  parts  of  the  world, 
including  South  Africa,  a  good  deal  of  trouble  had  been  experienced 
in  cables  due  to  white  ants.  He  asked  if  the  author  had  ex- 
perienced this  on  the  system  described  in  the  paper.  In  carrying 
a  cable  network  over  a  country  of  this  character,  there  wai  in  all 


Vol.72.    No.  l,8r,:',  May  l':i,  19I:!.) 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RKVTE^V. 


869 


probfvbility  coiiniderablc  Hurfacc  RubHiduncc  which  mi|;ht  Ivad  tn 
trouble  ;  ha<l  cxpaiiHion  jointn  been  found  noccHHary  /  With  ri'K'^i''' 
to  thn  dink  inxulatorH  uued  to  build  up  tlit^  HUHpunnion  typi- 
inaulator,  in  view  of  the  very  frequent  duBt  storm»,  ho  anked 
whether  the  distribution  of  preBHure  over  themi  inHulutors  had  been 
affected  by  the  accumulation  of  duHt  especially  on  the  80,0()()-volt 
line.  With  rep^ard  to  lino  protection  ho  ha<l  conic  to  tho  concluBion 
that  any  form  of  arrenter  that  involved  a  spark  was  diBtinutly  a 
thintf  tn  avoid. 

Mu.  O.  I).  Skato.n  said  the  eflioiency  reports  commended  them- 
selves to  him  very  much.  A  good  deal  of  bad  machinery  wa«  put 
into  use  in  this  country  because  it  was  clicap.  Anything  that 
brought  out  the  merits  of  good  machinery  was  to  be  encouraged, 
and  the  author  was  to  be  congratulated  for  his  efforts  in  this 
direction.  ]ie  would  like  to  see  such  methods  used  by  municipalities  ; 
if  they  were,  he  thought  some  astounding  results  would  be  seen. 

Mil.  Lam  II  asked  the  author  for  an  idea  of  the  size  of  the  cooling 
pond  for  the  condensation  water.  The  ((uantity  of  circulating  water 
seemed  to  be  low  for  the  size  of  the  plant. 

Mr.  J.  LiiSTCAUTKN  asked  if  during  the  period  of  lightning,  any 
insulators  had  been  punctured.  The  question  was  an  important 
one,  because  out  of  it  arose  whether  an  insulator  existed  to  do  this 
work.  With  regard  to  earthing  the  neutral,  they  had  learnt  that 
for  all  L.T.  distribution  circuits  earthing  the  neutral  was  the  best 
policy,  but  in  Mr.  Peck's  recent  paper  the  conclusions  come  to  were 
that  on  ii.T.  circuits  the  neutral  should  not  be  f  arthed.  The  reason 
for  that  was  that  if  working  with  an  earthed  neutral  and  flashing 
over  took  place  on  any  of  the  lines,  then  if  this  flashing  over 
persisted  and  the  current  was  large  enough,  the  circuit  breakers 
would  trip  and  interrupt  the  supply.  Recent  American  practice 
had  been  to  work  with  a  non-earthed  neutral  and  to  use  an  arc 
suppressor. 

Mb.  COATES  asked  if  the  switches  in  the  sub- stations  were  of 
similar  breaking  capacity  to  those  in  the  main  stations. 

Mr.  Parky  said  it  would  be  interesting  to  know  how  the  cost  of 
the  700  miles'  scheme  from  Victoria  Falls  worked  out  in  comparison 
with  the  present  steam  stations.  Was  there  any  reason  why  the 
power  stations  should  not  have  been  put  down  at  the  collieries  and 
the  p  ^wer  distributed  from  there  ' 

Mk.  W.  Bolton  Shaw  asked  what  was  the  drop  in  pressure 
at  the  most  distant  point  on  the  air  supply  system  ?  The  very  small 
lo?s  of  3  per  cent,  on  the  pipe  line  spoke  well  for  the  way  in 
which  the  line  had  been  installed. 

Mr.  Hadley,  in  reply,  said  they  had  not  experienced  any  trouble 
on  the  cables  through  white  ants.  Owing  to  the  very  hard  earth 
formation,  subsidence  was  practically  unknown  on  the  reef,  and 
therefore  expansion  joints  were  not  used.  There  was  no  trouble  in 
working  overhead  and  underground  cables  together,  but  it  had  to 
be  remembered  that  the  20,000-volt  cables  could  only  be  connected 
to  the  4 0,000- volt  lines  through  coupling  transformers.  No  trouble 
had  been  experienced  with  the  suspension-type  insulator  due  to  dust. 
The  Prat  system  of  induced  draught  was  one  of  the  most  interesting 
features  of  the  installation  ;  it  also  appealed  on  the  question  of 
saving  freight,  which  was  £10  per  ton.  Anything  simplifying  labour 
was  also  another  great  advantage.  The  system  was  so  satisfactory 
that  it  had  been  applied  on  all  the  stations.  The  revision  of 
price  was  entirely  dependent  on  the  cost  of  production  and 
could  take  place  every  eight  years.  It  was  baaed  on  the 
average  cost  of  the  preceding  three  years.  The  size  of  the 
cooling  pond  depended  on  whether  it  was  possible  to  discharge 
at  one  end  and  take  in  from  the  other.  The  amount  of  power 
used  in  the  works  at  Rosherville  depended  on  whether  the  pond 
was  full,  so  that  the  natural  gravity  inlet  was  at  the  necessary 
height.  On  the  whole,  ii  to  5  per  cent,  was  a  fair  figure,  and 
included  the  supply  to  the  houses  of  the  staff  and  the  recreation 
rooms,  i;3.  The  water  was  measured  by  Lea  recorders.  As  to  the 
puncturing  of  insulators,  it  was  so  seldom  that  the  line  itself  was 
struck  by  lightning  that  he  did  not  think  they  had  any  records  of 
any  value  on  this  point.  With  regard  to  earthed  neutral,  with  the 
Merz-Price  system,  when  the  station  cut  off  a  faulty  line,  it  did  not 
interrupt  the  supply,  as  the  latter  was  in  duplicate  ;  this  was 
the  great  merit  of  the  system,  and  it  had  been  found  extremely 
valuable.  In  regard  to  a  question  whether  there  were  any 
other  protective  devices  than  the  Merz-Price  system,  there  were 
also  maximum  overload  cut-outs  provided,  but  they  were  screwed 
up  so  that  they  could  not  work.  The  general  tendency  was 
to  make  the  machines  hang  on  as  long  as  possible,  and  only 
take  them  out  of  service  if  it  was  found  really  necessary. 
With  regard  to  switches  in  sub-stations,  there  were  two  sizes 
of  switches  smaller  than  in  the  power  station,  i.r.,  three  sizes  of 
switches  on  the  system  ;  since  the  neutral  was  earthed,  there  had 
been  considerably  less  trouble  on  the  system.  The  transformers  in 
the  consumers'  sub-stations  were  oil  transformers,  air  cooled,  but 
the  transformers  in  the  power  stations  and  in  the  main  central 
stations  were  water  cooled.  The  compressed-air  supply  was  far 
larger  than  anything  tried  elsewhere.  They  had  never  had  a 
failure  of  the  supply,  but  occasionally  the  pressure  had  gone  down. 
The  maximum  pressure  drop  between  the  compressors  and  consumer 
was  6  lb. 


Mr.  Hadley's  paper  was  also  discussed  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Scottish  Local  Section  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical 
Enginkees  on  April  15th. 

The  Chaibman  was  sorry  that  Mr.  Hadley  had  not  given  more 
details  about  protection  from  lightning.  Tropical  storms  were 
terrible,  and  while  the  earthed  guard  wires  served  as  a  great  protec- 
tion, at  the  same  time  those  wires  did  not  protect  from  static  dis- 
charges.    In  a  case  which  was   brought  under  his  notice,  the  only 


nolution   to    periodical  brnukdownii   in  plant  wan   a  high  reaUtanca 
IwtwcoM  tho  lino  and  earth. 

Mil.  lii.Nlo.N  cxpreniied  intercut  in  the  loa<)  diiiitatoher  nytiiem,  and 
wiithcd  Mr.  Ilailloy  had  d«Hcri^)«d  the  particular  nynti^m  adopl«d  oa 
tho  Rand. 

Mil.  Sam.  Ma  volt  said  that  the  generation  find  diittribulion  of 
coniproMHwl  air  on  bo  great  a  ccftlo  wa«  u  great  pircj:  of  eogini-crlng. 
Tho  most  ntriking  f(w;t  wa«  tho  very  Hmall  Iohb  in  trannmlBiiion. 
The  diHtance  l>etween  the  extreme  mincf  Huppliid  wib  aboot 
M  miloB,  ami  the  total  run  of  |>ipe  wax  20  niili-H.  The  author  wid 
that  the  rcKnlts  of  their  tcatM  nhowcl  that  of  the  air  unitn  9.'<  per 
cent,  hod  been  record"d  at  coniiumcrB'  metcrH  and  only  :i  per  o«nt. 
lost  in  trancniiBfion.  The  .S  per  cent.  Iobb  in  tranBmiBiiion  mu«t  be 
taken  as  energy  Iohh  and  not  merely  aH  proHBure  I'mb.  He  had  had 
considerable  experience  of  the  urc  of  the  Venturi  tub«;,  and  he  ha<l 
had  many  hundredH  of  careful  obHervationH  iiiaii':  with  it,  and  the 
results  ha<l  all  been  satiHfuctorily  conHiBtcnt  with  each  other,  and 
he  had  not  the  slightcHt  hesitation  in  Haying  that  the  meannre- 
inents  of  accuracy  claimcl  in  the  paper  were  well  warranted.  The 
efficiency  of  transmission  was  a  testimonial  to  the  type  of  joint, 
bat  he  would  like  to  ask  how  long  it  was  anticipated  that  india- 
rubber  rings  would  last  .'  His  experience  had  been  that  the  low 
efficiency  in  the  application  of  compresfcd  air  to  mining  wm  simply 
appalling.  In  the  course  of  hiH  investigations  he  had  not  fonnd  a 
single  colliery  where  the  loss  in  volume  was  less  than  2:-!  per  cent, 
of  the  total  volume  of  air  compressed.  When  one  compared  that 
with  the  claims  of  the  paper,  the  difference  was  enormous.  Where 
the  loss  was  23  per  cent,  the  pressure  was  only  80  lb.  ;  with  the 
higher  pressure  the  loss  would  be  very  much  greater.  In  some 
cases  he  fonnd  it  as  large  as  40  per  cent.  Some  of  his  teste  had 
been  made  with  up-to-date  plant.  In  one  of  the  largest  Lancashire 
collieries,  out  of  a  total  of  1,.500  ii.P.,  400  to  .500  represented  leakage 
in  volume  alone.  The  paper  was  another  illustration  of  the 
beneficent  influence  of  the  electrical  engineer  on  any  undertaking 
with  which  he  associated  himself.  There  had  never  been  a  satis- 
factory meter  for  metering  compressed  air,  and,  in  view  of  the  very 
considerable  scale  on  which  compressed  air  was  used  in  this  country 
for  mining  operations,  it  was  not  at  all  creditable  to  the  com- 
pressed-air engineers  that  they  had  been  all  this  time  without  a 
satisfactory  meter.  The  electrical  engineer  had  insisted  on  know- 
ing what  he  was  doing,  and  in  the  absence  of  a  satisfactory  meter 
he  set  about  producing  one.  Compressed  air  was  used  for  driving 
percussion  drills.  They  were  still  in  want  of  a  satisfactory  rock 
drill.  The  rock  drill  required  a  pressure  of  between  so  and  100  lb. 
Therein  lay  their  present  low  efficiency,  because  the  cylinder  was 
filled  with  high-pressure  compressed  air  at  each  stroke,  and  that 
was  exhausted  at  very  high  pressure,  and  was  thus  thrown  away  in 
the  exhaust.  The  power  required  for  each  drill  was,  approximately, 
20  H.p.,  and  the  energy  expended  by  the  cutting  of  the  bit  was 
between  1  and  IJ  h.p.,  so  that  the  efficiency  of  the  compressed  air 
drill  was  only  about  5  per  cent. 

Mb.  W.  L.  Spence  referred  to  the  statement  in  the  paper  that 
the  chimneys  were  all  of  the  cold  compressed-air  ejector  type. 
These  could  not  of  themselves;  be  of  a  high  efficiency,  but  they  were 
thoroughly  adapted  to  the  conditions,  because  of  the  high  cost  of 
construction  in  Africa,  The  figures  with  regard  to  air  distribution 
were  open  to  suspicion,  but  if  the  figures  were  correct  the  scheme 
justified  itself. 

Mb.  Macleod  said  that  the  system  of  induced  fans  could  not 
be  commended  for  general  adoption,  as  it  was  open  to  objection  that 
in  certain  circumstances  the  fans  might  fail  thp  power  house  staff 
at  a  critical  time.  The  confining  of  the  pilot  wires  for  operating 
the  system  with  the  telephone  circuit  in  a  lead -covered  cable  sus- 
pended overhead,  seemed  to  him  to  be  a  tempting  of  Providence, 
because,  in  the  event  of  a  series  transformer  failing,  it  was  more 
than  likely  that  the  telephone  wire  would  be  energised  at  any 
pressure  up  to  80,0ti0  volts,  and  the  operator  who  happened  to  be 
nsing  the  telephone  at  that  time  would  have  a  very  strenuous 
moment.  Here  they  found  there  was  endless  trouble  with  sus- 
pended lead-covered  cables  through  vibration  causing  cracking  of 
the  lead.  In  the  Clyde  Valley  system  they  had  used  bare  copper 
conductors  for  the  protective  gear,  and  also  for  the  telephone 
system,  and  they  had  given  uniform  satisfaction. 

Mb.  Robertson  (Clyde  Valley  Co.)  pointed  out  that  the  cost  of 
current  was  said  to  be  ■52.')d.,  but  there  was  no  mention  of  the 
cost  of  coal  delivered  at  the  generating  station.  He  would  like  to 
know  the  quality  of  the  coal  lised.  A  74  per  cent,  load  factor  was 
mentioned,  and  he  took  it  that  this  was  for  both  the  electrical  and 
compressed-air  plant. 

The  Chairman  admitted  that  it  was  very  diflacult  to  get  an  elec- 
tric drill.  With  a  solenoid  the  efficiency  was  very  low,  and  they  did 
not  get  the  power  they  could  get  with  an  air  compressor.  There 
was  a  big  field  for  anyone  who  could  turn  out  a  satisfactory  electric 
drill  to  replace  the  air  drills. 

In  the  course  of  his  reply,  Me.  Stabb  (who  read  the  paper  in  the 
author's  absence)  said  the  system  dealt  with  in  the  paper  was 
similar  to  that  used  at  Newcastle  and  by  the  Clyde  Valley  Co.  In 
the  latter  they  had  at  their  Motherwell  power  house  a  diagram  of 
connections  and  the  regulations  were  that  no  switch  was  to  be 
closed  or  opened  without  communicating  with  the  switchboard  at 
Motherwell.  Mr.  Mavor  had  referred  to  loss  in  transmission,  the 
figures  were  6  lb.  out  of  131  lb.,  and  that  was  about  4i  per  cent, 
the  figure  in  the  paper  was  4  percent.  There  was  a  certain  number  of 
units  unaccounted  for  in  every  system.  The  jointing  material  for  the 
pipe  lines  would  not  be  pure  rubber,  it  would  be  a  compound  of  some 
sort.  In  reply  to  Mr.  Spence,  he  did  not  see  that  the  meter  was  so 
very  complicated  as  compared  with  an  ordinary  electricity  meter, 
and  the  latter  recorded  correctly.  Induced  draught  had  many  dis- 
advantages, and  the  comparison  of  natural  with  induced  draught 
was  a  matter  for  controversy.      Very   often  the   local  conditiona 


870 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,862,  May  23,  1913. 


decided  in  favour  of  the  one  or  the  other.  There  was  no  good 
quality  of  coal  on  the  Band.  The  penalty  for  shutting  down 
supply  was  tiO  per  cent,  more  than  the  price  the  consumer  paid  the 
company.  That  was,  the  consumer  paid  '.'>26  per  unit,  but  for  a 
shut  down  the  company  paid  the  consumer  a  sum  equal  to  the 
units  he  should  have  pot  at  a  price  of  ^l  per  unit.  They  had  no 
strinffent  Board  of  Trade  regulations  on  the  Band,  and  he  took  it 
that  compressed  air  was  used  not  only  for  the  drills  but  for  venti- 
lation aa  well. 


STANDARDISATION    RULES    FOR    ELEC- 
TRICAL   MACHINERY. 

(Excluding  Railway  and  Tramway  Motors). 


The  following  code  of  rules  was  provisionally  adopted  on  April 
17th  by  the  Council  of  the  British  Electkical  and  Allied 
Manckacturebs'  Association. 

Other  sections  dealing  with  short-circuit  tests,  commutation, 
pressure  regulation,  parallel  operation,  efficiency,  and  tolerances, 
are  at  present  under  the  consideration  of  the  Standards  Committee 
of  the  Association. 

Section  I.— Standard  Pressures  and  Frequencies. 

1.  The  standard  frequencies  for  alternating-current  work  are  : — 
50  cycles  per  second,  and  2.5  cycles  per  second. 

2.  The  standard  high-pressure  systems  for  alternating-current 
work  are  :— 2,000,  3,000,  6,000,  10,000  and  20,000  volts. 

3.  The  standard  generator  pressures  are  : — 


For  direot-current 

For  alternatiDg-current 

generatois. 

generators. 

115  volts 

440  volts 

230     ., 

650     ,, 

460     „ 

2,200     „ 

625     „ 

3,300     „ 

6,600     „ 

11,000     ,, 

ird  low  pressures 

measured  at  consumers'  termi 

Direot-current. 

Alteroating-current. 

110  volts 

100  volts 

220     ,, 

200     „ 

440     „ 

400     „ 

500     „ 

500     „ 

(Motors  are  to  be  capable  of  operating  without  injury  at  their 
rated  outputs  and  overloads  on  any  pressures  not  exceeding  .i  per 
cent,  above  or  below  their  standard  voltages.  See  Clause  6, 
Sec.  IV.) 

.").  Transformers. — The  normal  rated  pressure  of  the  low-tension 
side  of  a  transformer  is  to  be  the  same  as  that  of  the  consumer's 
supply,  according  to  Clause  5. 

It  is  recommended  that  the  standard  transformer  ratios  should 
be  such  as  to  transform  between  the  standard  pressures  above- 
named. 

Section     II.— High-Pbessube    Tests    and    Insulation 
Resi.stance. 

(a)  High  pressure  tests— (1 )  commercial  high  pressure  tests  are 
to  be  made  on  the  completed  apparatus  while  it  is  in  good  con- 
dition and  before  it  is  put  into  service.  In  the  case  of  apparatus 
which  has  been  in  service  reduced  tests  only  are  to  be  applied. 

Unless  otherwise  specified,  the  high-pressure  tests  are  to  be  made 
at  the  makers'  works. 

The  test  is  to  be  made  with  a  pressure  of  approximately  sine 
wave  form,  preferably  at  the  rated  frequency  of  the  apparatus,  but 
in  general  any  frequency  between  25  and  100  is  satisfactory. 

Prolonged  tests  at  high  pressure  are  undesirable,  since  they 
permanently  we&ken  the  insulation. 

2.  The  following  tests  are  to  be  applied  for  one  minute 
between  the  windings  and  the  frame  and  core  when  the  apparatus 
is  at  normal  working  temperature  :  — 

lluteil  terniinal  pienmire  of  circuit.  TfM  presxure. 

Not  more  than  333  volts.  1,000  volts. 

Above  333,  but  not  more  than  3   times   rated   pressure  with  a 

1,.">00  volts.  minimum  of  1,.500  volts. 

Above     1,500,    but     not    more 

than  2,250  volts.  4,500  volts. 

Above  2,250  volts.  twice  rated  pressure. 

.\ott\ — In  the  case  of  machines  driven  by  water-wheels  and 
exposed  to  runaway  conditions  or  otherwise  exposed  to  possible  excess 
pressure,  it  is  recommended  that  pressure-limiting  devices  shall  be 
provided,  otherwise  the  test  must  be  based  on  the  highest  pressure 
to  which  the  windings  may  be  subjected. 

.1.  High-pressure  tests  on  field  windings  are  to  be  based  on  the 
excitation  pressure.  Field  windings  of  synchronous  machines 
intended  to  be  started  from  the  a.c.  side  are  to  be  tested  at  a 
pressure  of  5,000  volts  unleitsthe  field  windings  are  provided  with  a 
"  break-up"  switch,  or  will  always  be  short-circuited  at  starting. 


4.  Transformers  are  to  have  the  same  test  between  high-pressure 
winding  and  core  aa  between  high-pressure  winding  and  low- 
pressure  winding.  In  making  such  tests  the  low-pressure  winding 
should  be  connected  to  the  core. 

5.  In  general,  constant  current  apparatus,  and  apparatus  used 
for  series  operation,  is  to  have  the  test  pressure  rating  corresponding 
to  the  maximum  pressure  which  may  be  impressed  upon  the 
apparatus. 

(i)  Insulation  resistance.— (6)  Very  high  insulation  resistance 
(megohm  test)  should  not  be  specified  on  electrical  machinery,  since 
in  order  to  obtain  it,  long  baking  at  high  temperatures  may  be 
required,  which  may  permanently  damage  the  insulating  material. 

Insulation  resistance  tests  are  of  value  in  showing  the  condition 
of  the  insulation,  with  special  reference  to  moisture  and  dirt,  and  it 
is  usually  advisable  to  measure  the  insulation  resistance  before 
making  high-pressure  tests. 

7.  In  general,  an  insulation  resistance  of  1  megohm  for  wind- 
ings above  350  volts,  or  0'25  megohm  for  low-pressure  windings,  is 
sufficient  evidence  that  the  windings  are  in  condition  to  receive  the 
high-pressure  test. 

Section  III.— Types  of  Macuines. 

The  following  classification  of  rotating  machines  is  recognised  : 
(1)  open  ;  (2)  protected  ;  (3)  enclosed-ventilated  ;  (4)  (a)  pipe- 
ventilated,  Qi")  pipe-ventilated,  with  "  forced  draught  "  ;  (5)  drip- 
proof  ;  (6)  totally  enclosed  ;  (7)  flame-proof. 

1.  Bequires  no  definition. 

2.  A  "  protected '  machine  is  one  in  which  the  armature,  field 
coils,  and  other  live  parts,  are  protected  mechanically  from 
accidental  or  careless  contact,  while  free  ventilation  is  not  materially 
obstructed. 

3.  An  "  enclosed-ventilated  "  machine  is  one  in  which  the  venti- 
lating openings  in  the  frame  are  covered  with 

(«)  Expanded  metal  or  wire  gauze  of  not  less  than  J-in.  mesh,  so 
as  not  to  obstruct  free  ventilation. 

(J)  Wire  gauze,  less  than  i-in.,  but  not  less  than  -s'lj-in.  mesh,  or 
with  perforated  metal  having  not  less  than  A-in.  holes. 

(<■)  Machines  having  ventilating  openings  covered  with  screens 
having  smaller  openings  than  those  specified  in  3  (J)  are  to  be 
treated  as  "totally -enclosed  "  machined  as  regards  temperature  rise 
and  overloads. 

4.  A  "  pipe-ventilated'  machine  is  one  in  which  the  frame  is  so 
arranged  that  the  ventilating  air  may  be  conveyed  to  it  through  a 
pipe  attached  to  the  frame. 

If  the  heated  air  expelled  from  the  machine  id  to  be  conveyed 
away  through  a  second  pipe  attached  to  the  machine,  this  should 
be  so  stated. 

It  is  understood  that  a  pipe-ventilated  mtichine  propels  its  own 
ventilating  air  unless  it  is  distinctly  stated  that  the  air  supply  is 
to  be  maintained  by  an  independent  fan  external  to  the  machine, 
in  which  case  it  becomes  a  "  forced-draught  '  machine. 

5.  A  "drip-proof  '  machine  is  one  having  a  frame  provided  with 
ventilated  openings,  so  protected  as  to  exclude  falling  moisture  or 
dirt. 

(i.  A  "totally-enclosed"  machine  is  one  in  which  the  enclosing 
case  does  not  allow  a  circulation  of  air  between  the  inside  and  out- 
side of  the  case,  and  is  dust-proof,  both  as  regards  case  and  bear- 
ings. 

7.  A  "  flame-proof  "  machine  is  one  in  which  the  enclosing  case 
can  withstand,  without  injury,  any  fxplosion  of  gas  that  may  occur 
within  it,  and  will  not  transmit  the  explosion  to  any  inflammable 
gas  outside  it. 

An  induction  motor  in  which  the  slip  rings  and  brushes  alone  are 
included  within  a  flame-proof  case  should  not  be  described  as  a 
"flame-proof  "  machine,  but  as  a  machine  "  with  flame-proof  slip- 
ring  enclosure." 

Section  IV. — Rating. 

1.  Two  classes  of  rating  are  recognised — continuous  rating  and 
short- time  rating  (for  intermittent  working). 

2.  The  continuous  rating  is  the  output  which  a  machine  or  a 
transformer  will  give  for  a  period  sufficiently  long  to  attain  prac- 
tically constant  temperature  rise,  and  otherwise  comply  with  these 
regulations. 

Unless  otherwise  specified,  any  machine  rated  to  operate  between 
two  limits  of  pressure  shall  have  its  ampere  rating  determined 
upon  the  higher  pressure. 

3.  The  short-time  rating  is  the  output  which  a  machine  or  trans- 
former will  give  for  one  hour,  one  half-hour,  or  other  specified 
period,  and  comply  with  these  regulations. 

These  ratings  are  called  one-hour  rating,  one  half-hour  rating,  or 
other  specified  rating  respectively. 

4.  Machines  with  two  or  more  fixed  speeds  are  to  have  a  definite 
rating  for  each  speed. 

.").  Variable  speed  machines.    These  are  of  two  classes  : — 

(fl)  Machines  rated  to  give  the  same  output  throughout  the 
entire  range  of  operating  speed.  In  such  machines,  the  heating 
tests  should  be  made  at  the  lower  limit  of  speed,  and  commutation- 
tests  at  the  upper  limit  of  speed. 

(J>)  Machines  which  are  not  rated  to  give  the  same  output  at  all 
speeds.  These  machines  should  have  ratings  specified  for  both 
minimum  and  maximum  speeds. 

•>.  Test  rating  and  pressure  variation.     Guarantees  as  to  heating, 
efficiency  and  other  characteristics  are  to  be  taken  as  applying  to 
tests  at  the  pressure   marked  on  the  nameplates,  but  motors  must 
be  capable  of  operating  without  injury  at  their  rated  outputs  and  , 
overloads  on  any  pressures  not  exceeding  5  per  cent,  above  or  below  i 
their  standard  pressures. 

It  should  be  noted,  however,  that  the  "  pull  out "  torque  or  maxi-  - 
mum  torque  available  will  vary  approximately  as  the  square  of  the.' 
terminal  pressure. 


Vol.72.    No.  l,85i>,  May  •.':!,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    Kl-WlI'lVV. 


871 


Skciion   v."  Ovicki.oadm. 

1.  (.'/)  MnohineH  witli  oontiiiuouB  rating  having  limitB  of  full 
load  temperature  rif<e  in  aauordauco  with  Sec.  VI.  («)  are  to  b« 
capable  of  withfltnndiiii;  2r>  per  cent,  overload  beyond  the  con- 
tinuous ratin(f  for  the  followinif  peridds  :  — 

100-KW.  or  H.P.  and  above       ...         ...         ...  Two  hours. 

Below  inii  kw.  or  ii.i-.   not   below   25    K\v. 

or  11. 1' ...  ...  One  liour. 

Below  2B  K\v.  or  H.P.,  not  below  2  kw.  or  li.i'.  One  half-hour. 

Helow  2  K\v.  or  H.P.      ...         ...         ...         ...  l''ive  minuteH. 

(h)  Machines  with  continuouH  ratinir  havinj;  limitH  uf  full  load 
temperature  rise  in  accordance  with  Sec.  VI  U')  are  to  be  capable 
of  withstanding  IB  per  cent,  overload  beyond  the  continuous 
ratinfr  for  the  periods  shown  above. 

ie)  Machines  with  continuous  rating,  of  the  "  totally-enclosed  " 
class,  haviner  limits  of  full  load  temperature  rise  in  accordance 
with  Sec.  VI  (c)  have  no  overload  rating's  except  the  momentary 
overloads  required  in  connection  with  commutation  tests. 

The  above  overloads  are  to  be  measured  in  kilowatts,  kilovolt- 
amperes,  or  horse-power  accordinff  to  the  name-plate,  except  in 
the  case  of  series  or  compound  motors  for  which  the  overloads 
should  be  measured  in  amperes  of  input. 

2.  With  machines  having'  two  or  more  fixed  speeds  the  above 
overload  ratinfjs  are  to  apply  at  each  speed. 

With  variable  speed  machines  havings  ratings  at  minimum  and 
maximum  speeds,  the  above  overload  ratings  are  to  apply  at  each 
speed. 

With  machines  having  a  speed  range  exceeding  2  to  1  and  the 
same  ratings  at  all  speeds,  the  above  overload  ratings  apply  at 
any  speed  from  the  minimum  to   75  per  cent,  of   the   maximum 


3.  Motors  with  short-time  rating  are  to  be  capable  of  carrying  an 
overload  of  100  per  cent,  torque  for  30  seconds. 

4.  Transformers  are  to  be  capable  of  withstanding  overloads 
of  26  per  cent,  for  two  hours,  and  100  per  cent,  for  30  seconds. 

Section  VI. — Heating. 

1 .  Determination  of  temperature  rise. — The  temperature  rise  of 
electrical  machinery,  both  rotating  and  static,  is  to  be  taken  as  the 
difference  between  the  cooling  air  temperature  as  defined  in 
Clause  6  and  the  temperature  of  the  machines  after  giving  their 
normal  rated  output  for  the  following  periods : 

(a)  For  machines  ■with  continuous  rating.  Until  the  temperature 
rise  is  practically  constant ;  that  is,  until  the  rate  of  increase  of 
temperature  rise  does  not  exceed  1°  C.  per  hour. 

(This  condition  will  usually  be  reached  in  less  than  six  hours, 
except  in  the  case  of  oil  immersed  transformers.) 

(i)  For  machines  with  short-time  rating. — After  working  con- 
tinuously for  the  period  defined  by  the  rating. 

2.  Permissible  temperature  rise. — For  machines  with  continuous 
or  with  short-time  rating  and  designed  to  operate  under  ordinary 
conditions  of  cooling,  i.e.,  designed  for  an  air  temperature  of 
25°  C.  (77°  F.),  the  following  temperature  rises  are  the  highest  per- 
missible at  the  normal  full  load  :  — 

(a)  Machines  having  Unobstbucted  Ventilation. 
^Section  III,   Cla.ise.'i  1,  2,  3a,  ia,  4i.) 

Rise  hy  thermometer. 

All  windings 40°  C.  (72°  F.) 

Cores  in  which  windings  are  embedded    ...     40°  C.  (72°  F.) 
Commutators  and  slip  rings  55"  C.  (99"  F.) 

In  general  the  temperature  rise  by  increase  of  resistance  should 
not  exceed  55"  C.  (91)'-  F.)  for  alternator  field  coils,  or  60°  C.  (108°  F.) 
for  shunt  field  coils  of  direct-current  machines  in  this  class. 

(i)  Machines  having  Paetially  Obstructed  Ventilation, 
{Sect ion  III,   Clauses- Sb,  4  a,  5.) 

Rise  by  thermometer. 

All  windings 47°  C.  (85*  P.) 

Cores  in  which  windings  are  embedded    ...     47°C.  (85°F.) 
Commutators  and  slip  rings  55°  C.  (99*  F.) 

In  general  the  temperature  rise  by  increase  of  resistance  should 
not  exceed  65*  C.  (117°  F.)  for  shunt  field  coils  of  direct-current 
machines  in  this  class. 

(<•)  Machines  of  the  "  Totally-Enclosed  "  Class. 
{Section  III,  Clauses  Bo,  6  and  7.) 

Rise  by  thermometer. 

All  windings 5,5°  C.  (99°  F.) 

Cores  in  which  windings  are  embedded  ...     55°  C.  (99°  F.) 
Commutators  and  slip-rings  55°  C.  (99°  F.) 

In  general  the  temperature  rise  by  increase  of  resistance  should 
not  exceed  70*  C.  (126°  F.)  for  shunt  field  coils  of  direct-current 
machines  in  this  class. 

3.  Transformers. — The  temperature  rise  of  transformers  is  to  be 
measured  at  their  rated  full-load  output,  under  the  conditions 
specified  in  Clause  1.  It  is  permissible,  however,  to  reduce  the 
time  of  test  by  running  for  a  time  on  an  overload  in  current  and 
pressure,  then  reducing  the  pressure  to  normal,  and  maintaining  at 
this  until  the  required  standard  rate  of  temuerature  rise  is 
attained. 

The  limit  of  permissible  temperature  rise  at  the  rated  full  load 
IB  as  follows  : — Oil-cooled,  by  resistance  or  by  thermometer  in  the 
oil,  50°  C. ;  air-cooled,  by  resistance  or  by  thermometer,  50*  C. 


4.  .Muchiiitm  for  Tropioal  Coridilioim.  Kor  Irupu;*!  'onditionii 
or  other  canoH  whert;  thu  cooling  uir  t4!iii;Miratur>;  ir  in  >jir;«M  of 
35' 0.,  the  permiHHibli-  tempurature  rlnm  ahown  in  thn  pr«c«dtiiir 
olaoHfiH  arc  to  Iki  reduced  by  20  por  cfiit. 

This  dofH  not  apply  to  mu<;hlricH  inHutat«d  with  ipeciAl  heat- 
reHisting  mutnrlalH  in  accordant!  with  (^lauHe  5. 

f>.  Special  Heat  ItcHJHtinK  .MatcriaJH.  -The  llmilH  of  tem[)«r*tore 
rise  shown  in  (JlauwjH  2,  '.i  and  I  alx)vc,  apply  to  windingn  whow- 
insulation  consiHtH  wholly,  or  In  iin{iortant  part,  of  i«tton,  ps[>er, 
varnished  cloth  or  similar  materialM. 

Higher  temperature  riscH  are  permiiwiblo  in  the  case  of  winding* 
where  aslicstos,  mica  or  proparntions  of  then*'  mat>-rialit  an-  m>\e\j 
relied  upon  for  insulation. 

6.  Measurement  of  Cooling  Air  Tem])«;rature.--The  air  tempera- 
ture is  to  be  taken  as  the  mean  of  the  tem[)eratureB  mea/tured  at 
regular  intervals  during  the  last  quarter  of  the  test  period. 

When  the  machine  under  test  is  provided  with  pip<;  veiitilfttion 
or  forced  draught,  the  air  temperature  is  to  be  meaiiured  by  a 
thermometer  placed  in  the  current  of  incoming  air. 

In  the  case  of  machines  other  than  thode  referred  to  in  the 
preceding  paragraph,  the  air  temperature  is  to  to  taken  as  the  mean 
of  the  readings  of  two  or  more  thermometers  placed  not  more  than 
6  ft.  from  the  machine,  and  on  a  level  with  its  centre  on  opposite 
sides.  So  far  as  possible,  these  thermometers  should  be  placed  so 
as  to  measure  the  current  of  air  tlowing  towards  the  machine,  but 
they  must  not  be  exposed  to  radiation  or  stray  draughts. 

7.  Correction  for  Altitude.-^When  a  machine  is  intended  for 
service  at  high  altitude,  the  permissible  temperature  rise,  if  tested 
near  sea-level,  is  to  be  reduced  2 J  per  cent,  for  each  1,000  ft. 


UNIVERSITY   OF   HONG    KONG. 


Additio.nal  Equipment. 


We  have  received  a  second  list  of  experimental  apparatus  and 
machines  presented  to  the  newly-established  University  of  Hong 
Kong.  We  are  glad  to  notice  that  upwards  of  8ii  firms  have  pro- 
mised assistance,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  there  will  be,  in  the 
greatest  distributing  centre  of  China,  a  permanent  exhibit  of  British 
engineering  appliances.  At  the  same  time  we  regret  to  notice  that 
electrical  firms  have  not  responded  to  the  appeal  from  this  British 
Colony  as  well  as  we  should  wish.  A  number  of  electrical 
firms  have  shown  practical  sympathy,  and  we  sincerely  trust  that 
makers  of  electrical  machinery  will  also  send  help.  The  Asiatic 
Petroleum  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  offered  to  supply  the  necessary  oil  fuel  for 
the  engines  and  boilers,  which  will  be  oil-fired.  We  gave  a  list  of 
many  of  the  gifts  in  our  issue  of  January  31st,  page  194.  The 
shipping  companies  have  offered  to  send  frei//hf  free  all  the 
presentations  to  the  University,  and  intending  donors  should  com- 
municate with  Messrs.  Matheson  A;  Co.,  :i,  Lombard  Street,  London, 
who  have  kindly  taken  charge  of  these  arrangements. 

We  may  mention  that  Prof.  C.  A.  M.  Smith  will  be  in  London 
in  June,  and  letters  addressed  to  him  at  the  Royal  Colonial 
Institute,  Northumberland  Avenue,  W.C,  will  receive  immediate 
attention.  Among  the  electrical  apparatus  urgently  needed  we 
notice  the  following  : — 

One  5-KW.  D.c.  generator,  110  volts,  shunt  regulation,  speed  about 
750  R.P.M. 

One  motor  converter,  speed  about  1,450  r.p.m.,  and  consisting 
of: — (a)  One  20-b.h.p.  single-phase  induction  motor,  110  volts, 
75  cycles,  with  starter  ;  (//)  one  15-KW.  D.c  generator,  110  volts, 
shunt  regulation. 

One  booster,  with  potentiometer  rheostat  on  fields,  current 
capacity  50  amperes,  voltage  range  0-50,  with  4-h.p.  110-volt  D.C. 
driving  motor. 

A  16-panel  switchboard  for  110  volts. 

Telegraphic  apparatus. 

Telephonic  apparatus. 

A  balancer  set  consisting  of  two  7-KW.  D.C.  generators  upon  the 
same  bedplate,  each  generating  110  volts  and  running  at 
1,500  R.P.M. 

A  single-phase  four-pole  alternator  of  10-KW.  capacity,  frequency 
50,  and  running  at  1,500  b.p.iM.  on  the  same  bedplate  as  (1). 
Voltage  110  D.c 

A  booster,  capacity  100  amperes,  and  giving  any  voltage  0-50, 
with  potentiometer  regulator  and  series  resistance.  Speed  about 
1,500  R.P.M. 

A  rotary  converter,  7-kw.  capacity.  DC.  side  220  volts,  a.c. 
side  provided  with  two-phase  and  three-phase  slip  rings.  Fonr- 
pole,  speed  1,500  r.p.m.  Frequency  50  with  field  rheostat.  To  be 
arranged  for  separate  driving  when  re^iuired. 

A  10-KW.  three-phaser  with  separate  windings  giving  110  volts 
per  phase,  capacity  speed  1,500  B.P.M.,  frequency  50,  four  poles, 
with  field  rheostat. 

A  12-KW.  D.c.  motor  wound  for  1 10  volts,  running  at  1,500  b.p.m.. 
mounted  on  the  same  bedplate  as  (5)  with  starter. 

A  220-volt  10-KW.  D.c.  generator  complete  with  static  balancer 
and  field  rheostat. 

A  15-H.P.  D.c  motor  110-volt  on  the  same  bedplate  as  (9),  and 
running  at  the  same  speed  with  starter. 

A  three-phase  induction  motor,  frequency  50,  speed  1,600  b.p.m., 
10  H.P.,  with  wound  rotor  and  starting  resistance  and  short 
circuiting  gear. 


I 


872 


THE    ELECTEICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  72.  No.  1,852,  mat  2;<,  1913 


A  7-KW.  110-volt  D.c.  generator  runniugr  at  1,500  b.p.h.  and 
mounted  on  the  same  bedplate  as  (11)  with  field  rheostat  and  starter 
for  use  as  motor. 

A  3h.p.  two-phase  induction  motor,  150  volts,  frequency  50, 
squirrel-cafre  rotor. 

Switchboard,  21  panels  +  3  spare. 


THE    ELECTRICAL  INDUSTRY   IN    FRANCE. 


By  GEORGES  DARY. 


{Continued  from  page  797.") 

For  some  time  past  Paris,  too  confined  by  the  surround- 
ing fortifications,  has  been  spreading  out  in  all  directions  ; 
new  houses,  streets  and  avenues  having  come  into  existence 
as  far  as  Versailles  to  the  west  ;  to  Champigny  on  the  east  ; 
and  to  Saint  Denis  and  Enghien  on  the  north — a  radius  of 
over  12i  miles  from  the  walls  of  the  city.  The  result  of 
this  crowding  of  inhabitants,  and  the  want  of  space  in  the 
centre  of  Paris,  is  that,  just  as  in  London,  business  men, 
employes  and  commercials  have  begun  to  make  for  the 
suburbs  in  order  to  secure  more  space,  larger  houses,  the 
long-desired  gardens,  and,  above  all,  to  secure  a  reduction 
in  rent,  which,  in  Paris,  has  become  far  beyond  the  means 
of  ordinary  pnrses.  This  daily  emigration  from  the  city 
of  quite  an  army  of  persons  cannot  be  carried  out  except 
by  a  frequent  and  rapid  means  of  transportation.  This 
is  the  reason  that  has  rendered  necessary  within  the  last  five 
or  sLx  years  the  doubling  of  the  means  of  transport,  which  are 
already  insufficient  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  steadily  increas- 
ing number  of  passengers.  Within  Paris  itself  the  Metro- 
politan underground  electric  railways  have  proved  a  solution 
to  a  part  of  the  question,  but  as  to  the  traffic  outside  Paris, 
the  increase  of  the  number  of  trains  on  the  suburban  lines  to 
the  practical  maximum  has  proved  insufficient. 

The  only  available  means  of  dealing  with  the  problem  was 
that  of  the  electrification  of  all  the  lines  running  out  of 
Paris  in  all  directions  and  up  to  a  pre-determined  distance. 
In  this  way  a  minimum  of  congestion  in  the  departure 
stations  in  Paris  and  a  maximum  of  speed  and  frequency  can 
be  obtained.  The  chief  companies  have  decided  on  this 
course,  and  the  programme  of  the  electrification  of  the  Paris 
suburban  railways  will  be  carried  out  from  year  to  year  until 
the  scheme  has  been  completely  realised.  In  190'S  we 
drew  attention  to  the  electric  railway  between  Paris- 
Invalides  and  Versailles,  and  to  that  from  Paris-Quai  d'Orsay 
to.Invisy.  The  first-named  line  forms  part  of  the  State's 
Western  system,  while  the  second  belongs  to  the  Orleans 
Railway  Co.  On  the  present  occasion  we  must  mention  the 
very  important  scheme  for  the  electrification  of  all  the 
suburban  lines  running  out  of  the  Gare  St.  Lazare,  Paris, 
and  which  also  form  part  of  the  State's  Western  system. 

The  St.  Lazare  station  is  peculiarly  situated  :  the  27  lines 
running  into  it  have,  owing  to  the  Batignolles  tunnel,  after 
reaching  Paris,  to  be  reduced  to  eight  tracks,  there  being 
absolutely  no  land  available  for  expansion.  On  these  eight 
tracks  no  less  than  1,200  trains  per  day  have  to  be  run  in 
both  directions  without  counting  the  shunting  of  about  200 
locomotives.  We  believe  that  the  conditions  are  unique,  and 
find  no  parallel  in  any  part  of  the  world.  As  a  result  of 
this  '•  bottle-necking,"  quite  a  number  of  complications  have 
to  be  dealt  with — unexpected  stops,  delays,  blockages, 
.  .  .  .  and  accid  ;nts,  which  are  steadily  increasing  in 
number.  It  was,  therefore,  necessary  to  alter  the  whole  con- 
ditions, and  it  was  consecjuently  resolved  :— (1)  To  demolish 
the  Batignolles  tunnel  and  the  numerous  houses  built  above 
it  and  to  replace  it  by  an  open  cutting  covered  by  steel  bridge 
work  to  give  communication  between  the  two  sides.  In 
this  way  it  will  be  possible  to  increase  the  number  of  tracks 
by  two  ;  (2)  to  construct  an  underground  railway  with  five 
tracks,  and  a  second  arrival  station  provided  with  platforms 
490  ft.  long,  reserved  for  the  suburban  lines,  which  are  to 
be  electrified. 

The  electrification  scheme  which  received  the  official 
sanction  on  May  9th,  1912,  will  consequently  comprise  the 
following  lines  : — 


Paris  (St.  Lazare)  to  Auteuil  and  Champ  de  Mars, 
\'i^  miles,  double  track. 

Paris  (St.  Lazare)  to  Versailles  (right  bank)  and  to  St.  Nom 
la  Breteche,  21^  miles,  double  track. 

Paris  (St.  Lazare)  to  Saint  Germain-en-Laye,  15  miles, 
double  track. 

Paris  (St.  Lazare)  to  Mantes  and  Pontoise,  t'ia  Maisons- 
Laffitte  and  Argenteuil,  37),  miles,  double  track. 

With  the  exception  of  the  Versailles  and  Argenteuil  lines 
the  departure  platforms  of  which  will  be  in  the  upper 
station,  the  others  will,  on  entering  Paris,  be  underground 
lines  as  far  as  St.  Lazare. 

The  work  is  being  carried  out  in  three  sections,  com- 
mencing with  the  lines  that  are  the  most  blocked — those  to 
Auteuil  and  Versailles.  It  is  hoped  that  the  first  section 
will  be  completed  in  1914  or  by  the  commencement  of  1915. 
The  total  cost  of  the  work  is  estimated  at  no  less  than 
£5,5()0,000.  In  the  original  project,  the  supply  of  the 
current  necessary  for  the  working  of  these  lines  was  to  have 
been  carried  out  by  the  State,  which  owns  the  system.  A 
generating  station  was  to  have  been  erected  on  land 
purchased  for  the  purpose  at  Bezons  Bridge,  and  the 
electi-icity  station  at  Moulineaux  was  to  have  been  extended 
so  as  to  have  an  output  of  25,000  Kw.  Eventually  it  was 
decided  to  procure  the  necessary  electrical  energy  from 
private  companies  in  place  of  establishing  a  Government 
plant,  and  tenders  were  invited  for  the  contract,  conditions 
coupled  therewith  being  that  the  contractor  should  take  over 
the  Moulineaux  generating  station — which  supplies  the 
current  to  the  Paris  (Invalides)- Versailles  line — and  the 
land  acquired  by  the  State  at  Bezons  Bridge.  Provision 
was  also  made  for  supplying  energy  by  transmission 
lines  from  generating  stations  outside  Paris  (the  Khone 
transmission  line  or  that  from  the  Nord).  In  the  latter 
case,  the  steam-driven  stations  established  in  Paris  for  the 
supply  of  current  to  the  railway  system,  must  be  kept  with 
steam  up  in  readiness  for  use  at  any  time  in  case  of  break- 
down of  the  main  supply.  The  power  available  at  the 
Moulineaux  station  will  be  2."),000  kw.,  and  at  the  Bezons 
Bridge  plant  40,000  kw.  The  contract  is  for  a  term  of  ."0 
years,  and  the  contracting  company  will  be  required  to 
deposit  a  sum  of  £60,000  by  way  of  guarantee. 

The  trains  will  be  supplied  with  continuous  current  at 
from  (jOO  to  650  volts,  and  by  means  of  a  third  rail 
lateral  to  the  track.  The  electrical  energy,  generated 
at  the  power  stations  in  thfi  form  of  three-phase  current . 
at  a  pressure  of  15,000  volts,  will  be  transmitted  by 
underground  cables  to  transformer  sub-stations  erected  along 
the  lines, 

The  trains  will  comprise  new  four-axle  double-bogie  motor 
carriages,  the  trials  of  which  have  just  been  carried  out  on 
the  Invalides-A'^ersailles  line.  The  vehicles,  which  have  a 
length  of  7;H  ft.,  comprise  a  luggage  compartment  and  two 
first  and  second-class  compartments.  Their  large  dimen- 
sions will  enable  a  single  vehicle  to  form  a  train  during  the 
(juiet  hours  of  the  day.  The  underframe  is  provided  with 
two  250-H.r.  motors,  by  means  of  which  a  speed  of  50  miles 
per  hour  can  be  attained  on  the  level  and  31]  miles  per 
hour  on  slight  gradients.  The  control  is  arranged  on 
the  muUiple-unit  system,  with  controllers  at  both  front 
and  rear  of  the  vehicles.  The  carriages  are  lighted  and 
heated  electrically,  and  have  seats  for  64  persons  and 
standing  room  for  3(>  others,  or  a  total  of  100  passengers 
per  vehicle.  The  ordinary  buffer  connection  between  the 
carriages  is  replaced  by  an  automatic  central-coupling  attach- 
ment. All  these  characteristics  will  enable  lighter  and  less 
lengthy  trains  than  at  present  to  be  built  up  at  the  busy 
hours,  and  will  form  a  true  solution  of  the  crowding  at  the 
large  stations  in  Paris  which  arc  invaded  in  the  mornings 
and  evenings,  at  midday  and  at  1  o'clock — that  is,  four 
times  each  day — by  suburban  passengers  and  traffic. 

Before  leaving  Paris  and  its  suburbs,  we  should  menti''n 
the  complete  electrification  of  the  tramway  system  of  tl 
Compagnie  Gcncrale  des  Omnibus,  an  extensive  project,  jiai 
of  which  has  already  been  carried  out,  while  the  remaindii 
will  be  pushed  through  as  rapidly  as  possible  until  the  whole 
scheme  is  complete.  The  Compagnie  (icncrale  des  Omnibus 
commenced  its  operations  on  March  Ist,  1855,  with  A?>b 
liorse-drawn  'buses,  which  served  25  routes  of  a  total  length 
of  93  miles  in  Paris,  and  28  routes,  extending  to  122  miles, 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,Hr, 


TIII<.    ELECTRICAL    liKVIIlW. 


h7!i 


ill  tlio  Hiiburlm.  After  liaviiif^  (ioiiHtriict.t'd  hcvciiiI  liiicH  <il 
triimvviiv  on  iLs  own  iiccouiiL,  it  wtw  only  in  1 '.)();!  timt  llic 
(.bnipHf^nie  dcH  Oninibim  took  over  tlio  rnuiiicijHil  traniwiiy 
Bjstoni,  the  concession  for  wliidi  up  till  then  wiis  held  i)y 
the  TiiriH  Miniicipiility.  'I'his  system  to-day  conipriscs  lill 
routes,  liaviu},'  a  total  lenj,'th  of  1«;;  miles.  I'l)  to  I'.IOO,  it 
may  be  said  that  the  methods  of  tramway  traction  in  Paris 
included  every  known  system,  and  formed  what  may  be 
termed  a  livin<j  museum  of  all  the  dilTerent  types  of  motors 
that  had  been  invented,  possible  and  imii<(iiiary — compressed- 
air  motors,  hot-air  motors,  steam  eiifiines,  m  fact,  motors 
of  all  kinds  ;  Serpollet  steam  f,'cnerators,  I'urrey  steam 
boilers  ....  electric  motors  with  accumulators,  with  over- 
head conductors,  with  surface  contact  collectors  and  under- 
ground conduits — and  all  of  these  working  on  the  different 
lines  !  To-day  it  is  proposed  to  suppress  tliese  different 
systems  and  to  work  the  whole  tramway  system  electrically 
on  the  overliead  principle  in  the  outskirts  and  on  the  conduit 
system  in  the  interior  of  Paris. 

The  necessary  electrical  energy  will  be  supplied  from  three 
generating  stations,  situated  respectively  at  Saint  Denis,  Vitry- 
sur-Seine  and  at  15illancourt.  The  three-phase  current 
generated  at  a  pressure  of  12,U00  volts  at  those  stations,  will 
be  distributed  by  high-tension  feeders  to  eiglit  sub-stations, 
where  it  will  be  transformed  to  continuous  current  at  (JOO  volts, 
and,  as  such,  transmitted  to  the  lines.  The  sub-stations 
will  be  connected  one  with  the  other  in  such  a  way  that,  in 
case  of  a  stoppage  at  any  one  of  the  central  stations,  they 
may  be  fed  from  the  two  others.  The  feeder  system  will 
consist  of  three-core  armoured  lead-covered  cables ;  the 
hoop-iron  armour  is  separated  from  the  lead  casing  of 
the  cables  by  two  sheets  of  coated  paper,  a  band  of 
cotton  and  two  layers  of  tarred  rope  in  order  to  protect 
the  cables  from  any  chemical  phenomena  which  may 
be  experienced  in  the  earth.  For  the  300,  400  and 
000  sq.  mm.  conductors,  aluminium  has  been  substituted 
for  copper. 

The  underground  conduit,  which  will  be  adopted  for  the 
central  part  of  the  system,  and  which  will  extend  to  an  addi- 
tional distance  of  about  37  J>  miles,  has  been  constructed  by 
the  Compagnie  Thomson-Houston,  and  is  of  the  central  type 
already  installed  on  two  lines  in  Paris  (three  other  lines, 
Etoile-Bastille,  Chatelet  and  Reaumur,  are  of  the  lateral 
conduit  type).  It  is  built  up  of  cast-iron  chairs  weighing 
352  lb.  each,  and  set  at  distances  apart  of  about  4  ft.  3  in.  ; 
the  extremities  of  the  chairs  support  the  ruiming  rails,  while 
the  slotted  rail  is  fixed  to  the  centre.  The  lines  worked  on  the 
overhead-conductor  system  extend  to  a  distance  of  about  144 
miles.  As  regards  the  rolling  stock,  the  company  has  decided 
to  suppress  the  usual  double-deck  vehicles,  on  account  of 
their  causing  delays  owing  to  passengers  having  to  mount 


Tig.  2. 

up  to,  and  descend  from,  the  top.  With  the  view, 
however,  of  mecLing  all  requirements,  and  in  order  that 
the  cars,  notwithstanding  their  great  length,  may  easily  pa?s 
round  sharp  curves,  possess  j  erfect  uuderframe  rigidity,  and 
sufficient  adhesion,  the  company  has  been  led  to  adopt  three 
types  of  oar,  according  (o  the  lines  on  which  they  are  to  be 
used  ; — (1)  A  car  with  bogies,  one  axle  of  which  is  provided 


with  a  motor  for  dnvint.'  pnr|»<iH<;M,  wlule  l1i<:  oiln-r  tixle, 
whi<:h  is  fitted  with  smaller  diameter  wliecli",  iH  inU:ndc-(l  for 
steering  (lig.  2).  The  jioiiit  of  Hupport  of  the  car  Ixxly 
on  the  fruiiie  liuH  been  arrangeil  us  clocc  jih  jx/Hsible  U>  the 
driving  axle  in  order  to  increase  the  load  on  th<;  latter. 
'I'hese  cars  are  intended  for  uxe  on  the  rontf-H  on  which 
there  is  a  heavy  trallic  ajmbined  witli  only  mwleratc 
gradients.  (2)  For  routes  coniprising  Hteej)  hillH,  and  on 
which  cars  with  trailers  arc  employed,  a  motor  tramcar 
with  two  axles  and  a  large  wheel  ba*' — 11  ft.  'J  in, — haa 
been  adopted  ;  to  facilitate  running  round  curvea  a  certain 
amount  of  play  is  left  in  the  axle  boxes  to  jicrmit  of 
convergence  in  the  axles,  this  arrangement  having  Ijcen 
adopted  with  success  in  connection  with  the  tramways  in 
Vienna,  (:'.)  Finally,  for  the  routes  on  which  there  is  only 
a  relatively  light  traflic,  a  smaller  type  of  car  with  end  plat- 
forms, and  with  a  wheel  base  of  IK  ft.  x  in.,  has  l)een  adopted. 

The  electrical  equipment  will  comprise  two  motors  per 
car,  of  from  .')0  to  (;0  ii.r.,  and  of  the  auxiliary  or  com- 
mutator pole  tyi)c.  The  addition  of  the  auxiliary  poles 
has  enabled  the  problem  of  commutation  to  be  solved. 
The  controllers  are  of  the  series  -  paralled  type  with 
magnetic  blow-outs  and  are  scctionised,  bo  that  in  case  of 
accident  it  is  possible  to  cut  out  a  part  of  the  equipment, 
and  to  run  at  a  slower  speed  with  the  remaining  pe>rtion. 
A  small  combined  motor  and  compressor  produces  the  com- 
pressed air  necessary  for  the  working  of  the  automatic  brake  ; 
it  comprises  an  electric  motor  of  from  3  to  4  ii.r.,  working 
continuously,  but  able  to  develop  double  that  power  when 
used  intermittently,  a  compressor  and  an  electric  pressure 
regulator. 

According  to  a  report  presented  to  the  Soci(;te  des 
Ingenieurs  Civils  de  France  by  M.  Mariage,  manager  of  the 
Compagnie  des  Omnibus,  the  estimates  for  the  acijuisition  of 
1,100  tramcars  amount  to  £900,000.  As  for  other  costs  in 
connection  with  the  scheme,  they  comprise  £100,000  for 
high-tension  feeders,  £156,000  for  sub-stations,  and 
£11)2,000  for  continuous-current  feeders. 

In  addition,  the  cost  of  organising  and  equipping  13 
depots  for  the  storage  of  the  cars  and  a  central  repairing 
establishment — jointly  used  for  the  motor-' buses  and  tram- 
ways of  the  company — is  estimated  at  £140,000. 


To  summarise  or  even  enumerate  the  new  electricity- 
distributing  installations  that  have  been  established  in  pro- 
vincial France  during  the  last  five  or  six  years  is  practically 
impossible,  and  even  if  attempted,  would  consist  mainly  of  a 
wearyingly  long  list  of  names  of  towns.  Therefore,  before 
passing  to  the  Pyrenees,  where  at  present  several  interesting 
installations  are  being  carried  out,  we  will  content  ourselves 
by  drawing  attention  to  the  activity  which  prevails  in  all 
parts  of  France  and  the  object  of  which,  as  we  pointed  out 
at  the  commencement  of  this  article,  is  to  provide  the 
different  districts  with  a  supply  of  electrical  energy,  either  by 
utilising  available  water-power  or  by  establishing  generatuig 
stations  directly  connected  with  collieries  with  the  view  of 
securing  low  costs  of  production. 

To  give  an  example,  we  may  draw  particular  attention  to 
the  plant  of  the  Compagnie  Electrique  du  Xord,  which  is 
destined  to  become  the  main  artery  of  a  large  system  supply- 
ing current  for  lighting  and  power  purposes  to  the  majority 
of"  the  industrial  centres  in  the  Xord  and  Pas  de  Calais 
Departments,  if  not  later  on  to  the  suburbs  of  Paris,  as 
we  have  previously  indicated.  Already  the  supply  mains  of 
the  company  extend  to  a  distance  of  over  37  miles,  supply- 
ing the  current  required  for  haulage  purposes  by  the  Societe 
de  Halage  Electrique,  which  works  the  canals  in  the  district 
of  Douai. 

The  generating  station,  which  is  situated  at  Pont-a- 
Tendin,  belongs  to  the  Societe  des  Klines  de  Lens  ;  it  pro- 
duces 50-period  three-phase  current,  at  45,000  volts  pressure. 
The  high-tension  mains— three  in  number — convey  the  cur- 
rent to  five  sub-stations,  located  at  Bauvin.  La  Batterie, 
Douai,  Arleux  and  Hem-Leuglet.  Special  care  has  been 
devoted  to  the  arrangements  for  the  protection  of  the  over- 
head lines  where  they  cross  roads  and  railways. 

The  details  of  the  installation  need  not  now  be  gt^ne  into  ; 
we  have  only  referred  to  it  because  of  the  future  extensions, 
which  will  reach  to  all  parts  of  the  Xord   Department,  and 


874 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,852,  May  2:!,  1913. 


because  of  the  important  character  it  will  assume  in  the  near 
future.  Similarly,  we  will  only  mention,  in  chocsing  at 
random  from  a  long  list  of  similar  undertakings,  the  names 
of  the  .Sociote  de  I'Energie  Electrique  du  Centre,  La  Com- 
paguie  Electrique  du  Jura,  La  Compagnic  Gtnorale  Elec- 
tri(iue  de  la  Marne,  La  Compagnie  Lorraine  d'Electricitc, 
La  Sociote  Hydro- Electrique  des  Bafses  Pyrenees,  La 
Societo  de  I'Energie  Electrique  du  Sud-Ouest,  La  Societe 
des  Forces  Motrices  du  Refrain  (Doubs),  and  La  Societe 
Force  et  Lumiere  du  Val  d'Arly.  This  short  list  will  be 
sufficient  to  prove  the  truth  of  our  assertions  at  the  begin- 
ning of  this  article,  and  for  us  to  state  that  the  number  of 
electricity  supply  companies  established  in  France  has  more 
than  doubled  since  1908. 

We  may  now  devote  attention  to  the  new  installations 
which  have  been  established,  and  also  to  those  in  course  of 
construction  in  the  Pyrenees,  which  will  complete  our  endea- 
vours to  demonstrate  to  the  readers  of  the  Revikw,  the 
present  prosperous  condition  of  the  electrical  industry  in 
France  and  the  immense  progress  which  the  industry  has 
made  within  the  short  space  of  five  years. 

To  begin  with  the  work  which  has  been  commenced  by 
the  ]Midi  Railway  Co.  in  connection  with  the  adoption  of 


heavy  traffic,  which  is  more  easily  dealt  with  electrically, 
and  it  is  for  these  reasons  that  the  Midi  Railway  Co.  has 
decided  to  adopt  electric  traction  on  practically  the  whole  of 
its  system  in  the  Pyrenees. 

{To  he  continued.) 


ELECTRICAL     FITTINGS     AND     THE     LAW. 


FROM   A   LEGAL  CONTBIBUTOB.J 


Fig.  'A. — Map  of  Electric  Railways  in  the  Pyrenees. 

electric  traction,  it  may  be  stated  that  this  company  has 
decided  to  electrify  practically  all  the  lines  comprised  in  its 
Pyrenees  and  trans- Pyrenees  system,  these  being  as  shown 
in  the  accompanying  map  (fig.  3)  : — 

1.  The  Villefranche  de  Conflent-Bourg-Madame  (Spanish 
frontier)  line,  a  distance  of  35^  miles,  with  branches  from 
ViOefranche  to  Veriiet,  and  from  Bourg-Madame  to  La  Tour 
de  Carol. 

2.  The  Foix-Ax-les-Thermes  line  (25^  miles)  and  its 
extension  from  Ax-les-Thermes  to  RipoU  (Spain)  via  Bourg- 
Madame,  25|  miles.  This  line  places  Toulouse  in  direct 
communication  with  Barcelona. 

3.  The  Montrejeau-Pau  section,  70  miles,  with  branches 
from  Montrejeau  to  Luchon  (22  miles),  and  from  Lannemezan 
to  Arreau  (15.j  miles),  from  Tarbes  to  Bagnores  de  Bigorre 
(13-j  miles),  from  Lourdes  to  Pierrefitte  (12;|  miles),  and 
from  Pau  to  Oioron  and  Laruns  (33;]  miles). 

4.  The  Auch-Lannemezan  line  (13.^  miles),  with  a  branch 
from  Castelnau-Magnoac  to  Tarbes  (25  miles  of  39- in. 
narrow-gauge  line). 

5.  The  Arrean-Yielle-Aure  (French  frontier)  line 
(7  miles). 

(■>.  The  Pau-Hagetmau  line  (325  miles). 

7.  The  line  from  Oioron  to  the  Spanii^h  frontier  (32i 
miles),  giving  direct  connection  between  the  Southern  line 
and  Saragosa,  Spain,  and 

8.  The  line  from  '^uillan  to  Montlouis  and  Belesta. 

The  majority  of  these  lines  comprise  gradients  which  are 
too  steep  for  steam  traction  ;  the  others  have  to  bear  a  very 


To  judge  from  the  legal  queries  addressed  from  time  to 
time  to  the  Elkctrical  Rkview,  it  would  seem  that  the 
supply,  hire,  and  use  of  electrical  fittings,  are  matters  which 
frequently  give  rise  to  questions  of  legal  difficulty.  It  is 
probable  that  few  householders  in  a  town  have  a  very  clear 
notion  as  to  how  their  premises  came  to  be  wired  for  elec- 
tricity. Again,  the  consumer's  mind  is  frequently  in  a 
nebulous  state  as  to  what  his  rights  are  in  relation  to 
electric  fittings  as  between  himself  and  his  landlord. 

It  will  be  convenient,  in  the  first  place,  to  consider  some 
sections  of  the  older  electric  lighting  Acts  in  their  bearing 
on  electric  fittings.  Thus,  Sec.  24  of  the  Electric  Lighting 
Act,  1882,  provides  that  any  officer  appointed  by  the  under- 
takers may  at  all  reasonable 
times  enter  any  premises  to 
which  electricity  is,  or  has  been, 
supplied  by  the  undertakers,  in 
order  to  inspect  the  electric  lines, 
meters,  accumulators,  fittings, 
works,  and  apparatus,  for  the 
supply  of  electricity  belonging  to 
the  undertakers,  and  for  the  pur- 
pose of  ascertaining  the  quantity 
of  electricity  consumed  or  sup- 
plied, or  where  the  undertakers 
are  authorised  to  take  away  and 
cut  off  the  supply  of  electricity 
from  any  premises,  for  the  purpose 
of  removing  any  electric  lines, 
accumulators,  fittings,  works,  or 
apparatus  belonging  to  the 
undertakers,  repairing  all  damage 
caused  by  such  entry,  inspection  or 
removal.  The  powers  conferred  by  this  section  must  not, 
however,  be  arbitrarily  exercised.  Due  notice  of  an  intended 
visit  should  be  given,  for  it  was  decided  in  Brompton,  &c.. 
Electric  Supply  Co.  r.  Shadforth  (Electrical  Review, 
.July  24th,  1903)  that  where  a  consumer  refused  to  allow 
inspectors  to  come  into  her  house  unless  she  received 
previous  notice  of  their  visit,  an  injunction  ought  not  to 
be  granted  to  restrain  her. 

Electric  fittings  are  also  protected  from  distress  from 
rent.  Thus,  by  Sec.  25  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act,  1882, 
where  any  electric  lines,  meters,  accumulators,  fittings  or 
works  or  apparatus,  belonging  to  the  undertakers — i.e.,  the 
local  authority  or  company  supplying  electricity — are  placed 
upon  any  premises  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  electricity, 
they  shall  not  be  subject  to  distress,  or  to  the  landlord's 
remedy  for  rent  of  the  premises  where  the  same  may  be,  nor 
be  taken  in  execution  under  any  process  of  a  court  of  law. 
In  the  ordinary  way,  they  might  be  seized  by  the  landlord 
whose  rent  was  in  arrear.  This  affords  considerable  pro- 
tection to  the  undertakers.  Very  often,  when  a  tenant  does 
flit,  the  only  articles  of  verlu  left  on  the  premises  are  the 
electrical  fittings,  which  the  landlord  would  be  glad  to  sell  in 
order  to  satisfy  some  part  of  his  claim  for  rent  outstanding. 
But  what  are  "  fittings "  within  the  meaning  of  the 
section  ?  Wires  and  pipes  through  which  wires  are  laid 
naturally  come  under  this  heading,  but  there  are  other 
things  not  so  easy  to  classify.  It  was  decided  under  Sec.  14 
of  the  Gas  Works  Clauses  Act,  1871,  which  is  similar  to 
the  above,  that  a  gas  stove  let  for  hire  is  a  "  fitting  for  the 
gas  "  within  the  meaning  of  that  section,  and  is,  therefore, 
not  subject  to  distress  for  rent  (see  Gas  Light  and  Coke  Co. 


Vol.72.     No.  I.N.'i;',  Mav  lm,   iyi:t. 


TlIK    IILECTKICAL    liEVll'^W. 


870 


?■.  Hardy,  ISHd,  17  (.^.15.1).  (Wit).  It  would  hcciii  to  follow 
from  tluH  tliiit  electric  BtovcH,  kettles,  fitiis  uiid  electric  irons, 
if  liirc'd  out  by  the  local  authority  to  the  coiiaumer,  would 
not  be  subject  to  distress  by  the  landlord. 

As  to  whether  electric  littings  let  on  hire  by  the  supply 
authority  vest  in  the  trustee  in  bankruptcy  of  the  consumer, 
it  is  ditlicult  to  speak  with  ceilainty.  The  law  of  bank- 
ruptcy provi(l(!s  that  ^'oods  which  arc  iu  the  order  and  dis- 
position of  the  bankrupt,  with  the  consent  of  the  true 
owner,  at  tlie  date  of  his  bankruptcy,  shall  vest  in  tlie 
trustee  for  the  benefit  of  (creditors.  And  this  is  rij^ht ;  for 
credit  is  naturally  given  to  a  man  upon  the  strength  of  the 
goods  which  lie  has  upon  the  premises.  But  where  it  is 
well  known  that  certain  classes  of  goods  are  customarily 
lent  on  hire,  the  presumption  that  they  belong  to  the  bank- 
rupt does  not  arise.  For  instance,  the  custom  of  hotel 
keepers  to  hire  furniture  is  so  well  known  that  such  furni- 
ture does  not  vest  in  the  trustee  in  bankruptcy  of  the  hotel 
proprietor. 

(Questions  arise  from  time  to  time  as  to  the  power  of  local 
authorities  supplying  electricity  to  deal  in  fittings.  It  is 
common  to  find  ^in  the  Acts  of  local  authorities  a  special 
clause  to  enable  them  to  sell,  let,  hire,  but  not  to  manu- 
facture, lamps,  meters,  electric  fittings,  &c.  The  terms  of 
these  clauses  vary  somewhat.  In  the  Nottingham  Corpora- 
tion Act,  188!),  Sec.  4,  the  power  conferred  is  to  provide  and 
let,  &c.,  but  not  to  manufacture,  "  lamps,  meters,  electric 
lines,  fittings,  apparatus,  and  things,  for  lighting  and  motor 
power,  and  for  all  other  purposes  for  which  electric  energy 
can  or  may  be  used,  or  otherwise  necessary  oi-  proper  for  the 
supply,  distribution,  consumption  or  use  of  electrical 
energy."  The  Manchester  Corporation  (General  Powers) 
Act,  1898,  after  the  usual  wide  powers,  contains  these  words  : 
"  Electrical  motors,  and  apparatus  for  the  use  of  electricity 
for  motive  power  and  other  purposes." 

The  HaHfax  Corporation  Act,  1898,  is  even  wider  in 
its  terms.  It  authorises  the  Corporation  to  "purchase, 
hire,  sell,  let  on  hire,  or  otherwise  deal  with  dynamos,  elec- 
tric motors,  accumulators,  meters,  burners,  arc  and  other 
lamps,  fittings,  wires,  plant,  engines,  conductors,  machinery, 
apparatus  and  appliances  for  and  in  relation  to  the  produc- 
tion, supply,  distribution  or  utilisation  of  electricity,  or 
required  or  used  for  or  in  connection  with  their  electrical 
works  and  undertaking." 

The  new  Electric  Lighting  Act  of  1909  gives  a  further 
protection  to  electric  fittings.  It  is  there  provided  by 
Sec.  IG  that  "all  electric  lines,  fittings,  apparatus  and 
appliances  let  by  any  undertakers  on  hire  or  belonging 
to  any  undertakers,  but  being  in  or  upon  the  pre- 
mises of  which  the  undertakers  are  not  in  possession 
shall,  whether  they  be  or  be  not  fixed  or  fastened  to  any  part 
of  any  premises  in  or  upon  which  they  may  be  situate,  or  to 
the  soil  under  any  such  premises,  at  all  times  continue  to 
be  the  property  of,  and  removable  by,  the  undertakers,  and 
Sees.  24  and  25  of  the  Act  of  1882  shall  extend  and  apply 
to  all  such  electric  lines,  fittings,  apparatus  and  appliances  : 
Provided  that  such  electric  lines,  fittings,  apparatus  or 
appliances  have  upon  them  respectively  a  distinguishing 
metal  plate  affixed  to  a  conspicuous  part  thereof,  or  a 
distinguishing  brand  or  other  mark  conspicuously  impressed 
or  made  thereon,  sufficiently  indicating  the  undertakers  as 
the  actual  owners  thereof.  For  the  purposes  of  this  section, 
electric  fittings,  &c.,  disposed  of  on  the  terms  of  payment  by 
instalments  are  deemed  to  be  electric  fittings,  &c.,  let  on  hire 
by  the  undertaker^  This  section  does  not  affect  the  amount 
of  the  assessment  for  rating  of  any  premises  upon  which  any 
electric  lines,  fittings,  apparatus  or  appliances  are  or  shall  be 
fixed." 

Electric  lines,  fittings  or  other  apparatus  may  be  so  affixed 
to  a  house  as  to  become  part  of  the  land  for  "  quicqtdd 
plantatur  solo,  solo  cedil.''^  In  that  case  they  would  pass 
by  a  conveyance  of  the  law,  or  become  the  subject  to  an 
existing  mortgage,  although  they  were  merely  hired  by  the 
owner  or  lessee  of  the  land  under  a  hiring  agreement,  or 
agreed  to  be  purchased  under  a  hire-purchase  agreement  and 
not  yet  paid  for.  (Holland  v.  Hodgson  (1872)  L.R.  7  C.P. 
o28.)  The  owners  of  lines,  fittings  or  apparatus  has,  how- 
ever, by  virtue  of  the  hiring  or  hire-purchase  agreement,  if 
in  the  latter  case  they  are  to  remain  his  property  till  paid 
for,  an  equitable  interest  in  the  land  under  which  he  may 


remove  liis  lines,  fittings  or  appariitUH  (re  Hamuel   Allen  and 
Sons,  \M\.  (\'M)~)  \  Ch.  :ti:)). 

It  has,  of  course,  \xn:\\  decided  that  tiie  Kh-ctric  Mffhtiut,' 
Acts  do  not  authorise  undertakers  t**  HUfiply  electric  fitlin^'H 
and  apparatus  other  than  meters. 


CONSULAR    NOTES. 


South  Africa. — The  AuHtrian  C'onHul  at  Cape  Town  reporU  that 
Britiah  cableH,  which  are  recommended  by  en^ineerg  in  .South 
Africa,  have  recently  HtrcnKthened  their  hold  on  the  market. 
German  cablex,  which  are  favoared  by  (ierman  importerH,  have 
shown  a  tendency  to  fall  off,  and  Italian  cablcH  have  for  the  firnt 
time  appeared  in  the  market.  The  future  will  show  whether  thi* 
is  juat  a  temporary  appearance  due  to  one  delivery,  or  whether 
Italy  will  continue  to  prove  a  factor  in  the  competition.  The  Cape 
Province  is,  however,  rather  unimportant  as  a  market  for  nableo, 
when  considered  relatively  with  the  Transvaal.  In  order  to  secure 
trade  in  this  line,  it  is  almost  essential  that  firms  should  be  repre- 
sented. 

Japan. — The  American  Consul  at  Yokohama  reportn  that 
the  sale  of  American  electrical  machinery  and  supplies  to  .lapan 
durinfr  1912  was  the  largest  in  the  history  of  this  line  of  business 
in  that  country.  The  total  sales  of  electrical  supplies  Bpgreffated 
about  £1,000,000,  the  bulk  of  the  imported  products  cominpr  from 
America.  The  importation  of  all  kinds  of  machinery  into  .lapan 
increased  by  about  £300,000  in  1912,  the  total  imports  in  round 
numbers  beinp  £2,8.50,000.  The  principal  business  durinfj  1912 
consisted  of  the  extension  of  the  existing  light,  power,  and  railway 
stations.  The  Tokio  Municipal  Railway,  for  instance,  purchased 
£G0,000  worth  of  apparatus  for  transforming  high-tension  current 
in  their  various  sub-stations  throughout  the  city,  to  the  trolley  line 
voltage. 

The  machinery  ordered  about  a  year  ago  at  Tokio  for  various 
large  water-power  electric  companies  has  been  arriving  during  the 
past  few  months  and  the  plants  are  being  completed.  The  principal 
ones  are  as  follows  ; — 

Tokio  Electric  Light  Co.— An  extension  of  about  40,000  KW.  to 
their  first  water-power  electric  plant  which  amounted,  when  it  was 
installed,  to  approximately  20,000  kw.  This  extension  is  now  about 
finished. 

The  Kinugawa  Hydro-electric  Co.— Approximately  40,000  KW. 
This  plant  is  now  about  completed  and  some  current  is  already 
being  transmitted  to  Tokio  from  its  power  stations. 

Katsurugawa  Hydro-electric  Power  Co. — This  equipment  com- 
plete was  supplied  from  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  the  aggregate  capacity 
being  about  40,000  kw.  All  of  the  machinery  has  arrived  and  the 
work  wiU  probably  be  finished  within  the  next  few  months,  so 
that  a  large  amount  of  power  from  that  source  will  shortly  be 
brought  down  to  Tokio. 

The  Inawashiro  Hydro-electric  Power  Co.— The  order  for  this 
apparatus,  amounting  to  about  40,000  KW.,  was  placed  about  one- 
half  with  an  English  firm  (Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.),  and  the  other  half 
in  America  (Westinghouse).  This  apparatus  had  not  been  shipped 
at  the  time  of  writing,  and  the  company  will,  therefore,  not  be 
ready  for  operation  until  after  the  end  of  this  year. 

At  Yokohama  a  :^,000-kw.  steam-turbine  generator  was  installed 
to  further  increase  the  capacity  of  the  existing  lighting  plant. 

At  Osaka  there  have  been  many  additions  to  the  existing  electric 
railway  plants,  and  some  small  suburban  roads  have  been  put  into 
operation  in  the  last  four  or  five  months.  Osaka  is  a  very  active 
centre  for  the  electrical  business  in  .Tapan,  and  many  suburban 
roads  have  been  successfully  put  into  operation  there.  On  account 
of  the  large  manufacturing  interest  developed,  electric  power  will 
be  largely  used  there  in  the  future,  and  as  there  is  a  large  -svater- 
power' company,  the  Ujigawa,  which  is  now  nearing  completion, 
and  which  will  bring  into  Osaka  30,000  to  40,000  KW.  of  current, 
the  prospects  are  favourable  for  low  cost  of  light  and  power  in  that 
city  in  the  future. 

The  Kyushin  Electric  Railway  added  during  1912  a  3.000-KW. 
turbo-generator  set,  and  at  Nagasaki  two  500-KW.  turbo-generator 
sets  were  installed  as  an  extension  to  the  existing  lighting  plant. 
The  coal  mines  in  Kyushin  have  also  been  active  in  purchasing  elec- 
trical apparatus. 

The  greater  part  of  the  sales  reported  have  been  made  through 
the  General  Electric  Co.,  of  America.  In  addition  to  the  extensive 
business  of  selling  American  electrical  machinery ,  the  General  Electric 
Co.  is  a  leading  factor  in  the  electric  lamp  trade  in  Japan.  It  has 
developed  a  very  large  lamp  manufacturing  plant  in  Tokio,  which 
now  supplies  the  great  bulk  of  the  incandescent  lamps  used  in  the 
country.  This  plant  is  operated  through  a  Japanese  company 
under  American  control.  It  is  managed  entirely  by  Japanese, 
however,  and  the  operatives  are  largely  Japanese  girls.  It  has 
been  very  successful  both  financially  and  in  supplying  the  demands 
of  the  country.  In  fact,  this  is  a  new  industry  created  in  Japan 
within  the  last  three  or  four  years. 

The  General  Electric  Co.  also  owns  a  considerable  interest  in  the 
Shibaura  Engineering  Works  at  Tokio,  which  is  controlled  by  the 
financially  powerful  Mitsui  Co.  The  Shibaura  works  manufacture 
electrical  apparatus  up  to  2,000  kw.,  and  the  business  for  the  past 
sis  months  was  so  satisfactory  that   the  company  has  decided  to 


876 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.72.  No.  1.8B2.  may  2:?,  1913. 


increase  its  capital  from  the  present  £200,000  to  £400  000  to  take 
care  of  the  demands  of  the  market.  There  is  close  co-operation 
between  this  company  and  the  parent  General  Electric  Co  of 
Schenectady,  KA .,  and  "there  is  apparently  no  reason  why  this 
.Japanese  electrical  manufacturing  concern  should  not  become  very 
strong  and  prosperous."  AU  of  its  producto  are  manufactured  in 
accordance  with  the  American  designs  of  the  General  Electric  Co 

Large  quantities  of  the  smaller  electrical  supplies  are  imported 
into  Japan,  and  in  this  business  American  manufacturers  and 
importers  participate  very  satisfactorily.  It  is  evident,  however 
that  the  Japanese  will  be  able,  particularly  through  foreign  asso- 
ciates, to  manufacture  the  greater  part  of  the  smaller  electrical 
supplies,  including  telephones  and  telephone  equipment.  The 
manufacture  of  this  class  of  smaller  electrical  products  in  Japan 
18  growing  steadily  and  rapidly. 

There  are  in  Japan  several  British  manufacturers  who  have  a 
fairly  large  electrical  business,  but  the  AUgemeine  Co.  and  the 
Siemens  Schuckert  Co.  are  the  two  important  competitors  of  the 
American  manufacturers  of  heavy  electrical  machinery  and 
supplies. 

Persia.— The  British  Consul  at  I.-pahan  reports  that  a  telephone 
service,  first  established  in  that  town  in  1910-11,  now  numbers 
nearly  mo  subscribers,  and  wires  have  been  carried  as  far  as  the 
villages  of  Sehdah  (about  Ifi  miles)  and  Xaiafabad  (about  20  miles) 
west  of  the  town.  ' 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913. 


Compiled   expressly  for  this  journal  bv  Messes.  W.    P.    Tboupsom  ft    Co 
Electrical   Patent  Agents,    285,    High    Holborn,    London,    W.C,    and    at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inaoiries  should  be  addressed. 


10,500.  '■  Electric  soldering  irons."  A.  H.  Railing  and  A.  J.  D.  Ebacse. 
May  5tb. 

lO.Sia.  "Electrolytic  electricity  meters."  Scbott  4  Gen.  (Addition  to 
14,28S  of  1909.  Convention  date,  Jane  10th,  1912,  Germany.)  May  6th. 
(Complete.) 

10.514.  "Reversing  and  controlling  gear  for  electric  motors,  specially 
siiplicable  to  electric  motors  fcr  operating  lifts."  Etcheixs,  Cokgden  and 
MiiB,  Ltd.,  and  P.  Mvir.     May  5th.     (Complete.) 

10,519.  "  Electric  motors  applicable  for  driving  kinetographs."  I.  Kitsee. 
(Divided  application  on  14,480  of  June  26th,  1912.)    May  5th.    (Complete.) 

10,635.    "  Electric  motors."    M.  J.  Railing  and  J.  Cole.     May  5th. 

10,539.  "Means  for  automatically  regulating  the  admission  of  air  to  elec- 
trical machines."    G.  A.  Mower,  K.  0.  Hale  and  J.  Christie.     Mayoih. 

10.656.  "Telephone  fixtures."  W.  C.  Ude.  (Convention  date,  May  3rd, 
1912,  United  States.)     May  5th.     (Complete.) 

10,559.  "Timing  devices  for  operating  electric  switches  and  other  appa- 
ratus."   8.  Chiger.    May  5th.    (Complete.) 

10,579.  "  Electrically-heated  apparatus."  E.  C.  R.  Marks.  (Landers 
Frary  &  Clark,  United  States.)    May  6th.    (Complete.) 

10.608.  "Windings  of  dynamo-electric  machines  and  other  e'ectrical  appa- 
ratus." Alloemeine  Elektbicitats  Ges.  (Convention  date.  May  3rd,  1912, 
Germany.)    May  5th.     (Complete.) 

10.609.  "Device  for  the  automatic  maintenance  of  phase  equality  of  the 
currents  of  parallel-connected  alternatiDK-current  machines."  .\llgemeime 
Eleetricitats  Ges.  (Convention  date.  May  Sid,  1912,  Germany.)  May  5th, 
(Complete.) 

10,616.  "  Electric  light  lamp  stands  and  pendants  fitted  with  copper  silver- 
plated  shades."    A.  H.  B.  Shahpe  and  G.  Boole.     May  6th. 

10,631.  "Time  element  or  retarding  devices  lor  automatic  circuit-breakers 
and  the  like."    W.  Bcrton.     May6ih. 

10,6S5.  "Circuit  arrangements  for  telephone  systems."  Biejieks  &  Halsee 
Akt.-Oes.  (Convention  date,  May  6th,  1912,  Germany.)  May  6th.  (Com- 
plete.) 

10,717.  "Switch-operating  mechanism  atd  the  like  for  causirg  the  actua- 
tion of  signals  on  moving  objects."  E.  J.  Page  and  O.  E.  Kellum.  May  6th. 
(Complete.) 

10,732.  "  Means  for,  and  methods  of,  charging  the  frequency  of  alternating 
electric  currents."    A.M.Taylor.     May  Tih.     (Addition  to8,85S,  11.) 

10,770.  "  Rheostats  for  starting  and  controlling  electric  motois  driving  the 
blowing  apparatus  of  organs  or  the  like  musical  instruments."  L.  B.  Cocsams. 
May  7th. 

10.803.  "  Electric  railway  signalling  systems."  J.  B.  MotrrEN.  -(Convention 
date,  May  8th,  1912,  France.)    May  7th.    (Complete.) 

10.840.  "  Electric  accumulators,  means  of  protecting  against  excessive  dis- 
charge."   D.  EccLEs.     May  8th. 

10.841.  "  Method  of  operating  rotary  converters  and  other  alternating-cur- 
rent machinery."    A.  B.  Railing  and  C.  C.  Garrard.    May  8th. 

10,863.    "  Electro-deposition  of  alloys."     8.  O.  Cowpkr-Coles.    May  8th. 

10,861.  "Telephone  exchange  system."  M.  L.  Johnson.  May  8ih.  (Com- 
plete.) 

10,873.  "Apparatus  for  electro-osmotic  extraction  of  water  from  substances." 
Ges.  fcr  Elkktro-Osmose  »  b.H.  and  Graf  Botho  Bciiwebin,  (Addition  to 
23.545,1912.)     May  8th. 

10,892.  "  Means  for  improvirg  the  illomioatlDg  effect  of  electric  and  gas 
lamps."    W.  J.  Beville.     May  8th. 

10.900.  "Automatic  electric  alarm  signals  and  the  like."  P.  Ditnme.  May 
8tb.    (Complete.) 

10.901.  "  Arrangement  for  the  regulation  of  machines  for  multiple  wire- 
drawing and  the  like."  8oc.  Anoh.  des  Forges  et  Aciebieb  d«  Huta 
Bareowa.     (Convention  date.  May  Uth,  1912,  France.)    May  8th.    (Complete.) 

10.917.  "  Incandescent  electric  lamps."  Brixish  Thomson-Hocston  Co., 
Ltd.     (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    May  8ih.     (Complete.) 

10.918.  "  Incandescent  electric  lamps."  British  Thomson-Hodston  Co., 
Ltd.    (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    May8ih.    (Complete.) 

10.919.  "  Windings  for  dynamo-electric  machines."  British  Thomson- 
HonsTon  Co.,  Ltd.,  andH.  W.  Tavlob.    May  8tb.    (Complete.) 

10.920.  "Systems  for  supplying  from  high-pressure  mains  continuous 
current  at  a  lower  pressure."  E.  A.  Graham  and  W.  J.  Ricketts.  May  8th. 
(Complete.) 

10,977.  "  Device  for  recording  telephone  calls  and  the  like."  P.  H.  Jones. 
May  9th. 

10,987.  "  Device  for  dealing  with  electrical  currents  in  the  earth."  E. 
RvAK  and  H.  W.  Baon-H.     May  9th. 

11,007.  "Fly-wheel  storage  arrangements  such  as  used  in  the  electrical 
driving  of  baoling  or  winding  machinery."  Siemens  ■  Scbuckkrtwebke 
O.x.B.H.    (Convention  date.  May  10th,  1912, Germany  )    Mav9tb.    (Complete.) 


11,018.  "Electric  current-distributing  systems."  P.  V.  Hcnter,  J.  R. 
Beabd,  and  Electrical  Improvements,  Ltd.    May  9th. 

11,017.  "Treatment  of  metals  or  alloys  to  render  them  ductile  and 
malleable.  Wkstinohouse  Metallfaden  Gluhlampenkaurik  G.m.b.H. 
(Addition  to  12,869,  1912.  Convention  date,  May  13ih,  1912,  Austria.)  May 
9th.    (Complete.)  ....  ,  ^ 

11,038.     "  Telegraph,  telephone  and  like  cables."    A.  J.  Stcbbs.    May  10th 
11,057.    "Electrical  time-switches."    H.F.J.  Thompson  and  J.  H.  Bowdeii. 
May  lOih. 

11,009.  "Means  for  operating  direction  switches  and  resistance  in  electro- 
motor-driven  controllers."  Electromotor  Eijcipment  Co..  Ltd  ,  and  A.  J. 
Barlow.    May  10th.     (Complete.) 

11,090.     "  Metertesting  apparatus."    R.  L.  Dezendorf.    May  10th. 

^}'}P^^  .1!  Wireless  telegraphy."  Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd.. 
and  C.  P.  Rtan.    May  10th.  ' 

11,115.    "  Means  lor  controlling  electric  circuits."     H.  Leitneb.    May  10th, 
11,128.     "  Anodes  for  the  electrolysis  of  aqueous  solutions."     P.  C.  0.  Isheb- 
W09D.    May  lOtb. 

11,131.     "  FJlectrio  relays."    A.  N.  Hoolasd.     May  lOth.     (Complete.) 
11,135.    "  Apparatus   for  antomatically  starting  and  braking  electromotors." 
H.  Delven.ve.    May  lOth.    (Complete.) 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  bo  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  286,  High  Holborn,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1911, 


Advertising  Devices  an-d  the  Like.    H.  K.  Harris.    27,793.    February  lOth, 
1912.     (February  ICth,  1912.    Patent  of  Addition  not  granted.) 


1912. 

Systems   for   Starting   ENOiNEe.     C.  F.  Kettering.     1,434.     January  18th. 
(June  19th,  1911.) 

Electric  Time  Switches.    F.  T.  Rcid.    1,693.    January  a2nd.    (August  !2nd, 
1912.) 

Device    for    Disinfecting    Telephone    Mouthpieces    and    otbsk    Similar 
Instruments.    8.  B.  Devthuist.    9,338.    April  20th. 

System    of    Electric    Generation    and    Transmission    fob    Motor  -  dbiven 
Vehicles,  Locomotives  or  Trains.    H.  Leitner.    9,416.    April  20th. 

Means    for    Regulating    the    Temperature    of    Electrical    Heatiko    and 
Cooking  Apparatus.    J.  C.  P.  Kirkwood.    9,513.    April  22nd. 

Blectbic  Ceiling  Roses  and  the  like  Outlet  Boxes.    S.  Trood  and  J.  H, 

Dale.    9,910.    April  26th. 
Fire-alarm  Systems.    G.  Porter  and  H.  Isaacs.    10,278.    April  80th. 
Electrical  Switches.    A.  Wynne.    13,435.    June  8th, 

Starting    Switches    fob    Electric    Motors.     J.    M.    S.    Fontecka.      13,781. 

June  12tb. 
Electrodes  FOB  Arc  Lamps,    A.  Blondel.    14,741.    June  24th, 

Means  for  Starting  Internal-combustion  Engines.    J.  Y.  Johnson.    (F.I.A.T., 

Fabbrica  Italiana  Automobili  Torino.)    15,C69,    June  27th. 
Method  of  MoisTnEE-PROoFiNO  Cord    Conductors.      Western    Electric    Co. 

(Western  Electric  Co.)    16,ie2.    July  10th. 
Type-printing  Telegraphs    and    Circoit-selectino    Apparatus.     H.    O.    A. 

Jensen.    18,986.    August  19tb. 
Electric  Fuses.    G.  W.  Christianp.    19,533.    August  26th.    (December  27th, 

1911.) 
Supply  of  Filtered  Air  to  Dynamo-electrio  Machines.    G.  A.  Mower  and 

K.  O.  Hale.     19,792.    August  29th. 
Electrically-operated  Suction  Cleaners  for  the  Extraction  of  Dust  and 
THE  Like.    Aimorduct  Manufacturing  Co.,  W.  C.  Jeary  and  J.  P.  Annacker. 
20,269.    September  5th. 
Protective  Devices  for  Electric  Circuits.    British  Thomson-Houston  Co.| 
Ltd.    (General  Electric  Co.)    20,663.    September  10th.    (Divided  applica- 
tion on  No.  16,703  of  1912,  July  ntb.) 
Commutators  for  Electric  Motors.    W.  H.  Scott.    30,628.    September  12th. 
Controlling  Apparatus  for  Telephone  Systems  using  Automatic  Selector 
Switches.      E.   C,  Molina.     21,008.     September  14th.     (September  14th, 
1911.) 
Brush    Roceing    Apparatus    for    Dynamo-kiectric    Machines.      Pintsch'g 
Electric  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  C.   H.   Vidal.    21,438.    September 
20th. 
Ignition  Systems  FOR  Motor  Vehicles,    A.L.  Riker.    22,197.    September 80tb. 

(September  aOib,  1911.) 
Devices  for  Automatically  Adjusting  the  Time  of  Ighition  in  Intebnal- 
coMiiUsTioN    Engines.      Firm  of  Robeit   Bosch.     24,665.     October    38th. 
(December  6th,  1911.) 
Electbio  Heating  of  Houses.    H.  Liifquist.    25,101.    November  1st. 
Metal  Filaments  for  Electric  Incandescent  Lamps.    Westinghonse  Metall- 
faden Gluhlampenfabrik  Ges.    26,2t9.    No%-ember  15th.    (Ncvciiiber  20tb, 
1911  ) 
Joint  Boxes  for  Electrical  Carles.    W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co, 

and  W.  H.  Nichols.    28,094.    December  6th. 
Electric  Arc  Lights.    General  Composing  Co.  Ges.    28,603.    December  lOtb. 
(December  11th,  1911.) 


1913. 

Manufacture  cf  Quartz  Articles.    British  Thomson-Houston  Co.    (General 

ElectiioCo.)    416.    January  6th. 
Appahatos  for  Producing  Perforated  Strip  for  TELEORAPHirALLT  Teaks- 

hitting  Signals.    Siemens  Bros,  ft  Co.      (Si<  mens  &  Haltke  Akt.-Qes.) 

942.    January  IStb.    (Addition  to  No.  8.018  of  1908.) 
Means  for  the  Control  of  Electric  Pressure  and  Current  REOtiLiTOM. 

W.  J.  Poole.    1,166.    January  S2Dd. 


mxjEi 


H1XjE1CTI^ICA.Ij    I^EATIE'W- 


Vol.  LXXII. 


MAY  80,  1918. 


No.  1,858. 


ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


Vol.  LXXII.] 


CONTENTS :  May  80, 1018. 


[No.  1,898. 
Pago 

New  Biard  of  Trade  Regrulations  877 

The  Post  Office  and  Telephone  Subscribers        878 

Electric  Lighting  for  Motor-Cars  s78 

Imperial  Communications ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  879 

The  Mancheator  Steam  Users' Association  879 

State  Co-operation  with  Private  Enterprise       879 

The  Institution  of  IJlectrical  Engineers  in  Paris  (iHw*.)        ...  sso 

Legal 8S4 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (illus.)      8x6 

Our  Legal  Query  Column sxS 

Business  Notes         sn6 

Notes 894 

The  Electrical  Industry  in  France  Villus.')  (concluded)...         ...  897 

An  Essex  Asylum  Installation  {iUiis.')     ...         ...         ...         ...  899 

Some  "  Morley  "  Mining- Specialities  (rHw.)      901 

City  Notes 904 

Stocks  and  Shares 908 

Siare  List  of  Electrical  Companies         909 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Electricity  in  Textile  Mills 911 

The  Formation  of  Deposits  in  Oil-Cooled  Transformers  912 

Ebonite  Tests  918 

Standardisation  Rules  for  Electrical  Machinery  :  A  Comparison  914 

Notes  from  Canada 915 

Goods  at  Owner's  Risk       ...         916 

Correspondence : — 

Water  Divination        ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  917 

The  Mutual  Protection  of  Engineers  917 

Long-Range  Instruments       917 

Electric  Lighting  Fittings 918 

Board  of  Trade  Regulations  for  Overhead  Lines  918 

Foreign  and  Colonial  Tariffs  on  Electrical  Goods         919 

Patents  Expiring  in  191  :i 919 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 920 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications     920 


Contractors'  Column 


Advertisement  p^ee  xxvi  and  xxviii 


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The  "  Electrical  Review  "  is  ihe  recognised  medium  of  the  Electrical  Trades,  and  has 
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FOItEJIGlW     A.GEIVTS: 

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Auci^AND,   N.Z  :    Gordon   &  Gotch, 

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Engineering  Review,  16,  Palmerstou 

buildings,  Queen  Street. 
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Linden ;    Speyer   &  Peters,  Unter 

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Gotch,  Manchester  Street. 
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BEia,  &&.:    Central  News  Agency, 

Ltd. 
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neering Review,  90,  William  Street 
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New  York  :  D.  Van  Nostrand,  25,  Park 
Place. 

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de  la  Banque. 

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William  Street. 

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Umberto  1°  307. 

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Review,  2,  Hunter  Street;  Gordon 
and  Gotch,  Pitt  Street. 

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Ltd.,  Manning  Chambers ;  Gordon 
and  Gotch,  132,  Bay  Street. 

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Newgate  Street  Branch." 

THE     UNIVERSAL    ELECTRICAL    DIRECTORY 

1913  EDITION. 

H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4.  Ludgate  Hill.  London.  E.C. 


NEW  BOARD   OF   TRADE   REr;T% 
LATIONS. 


Tin;  subject  of  rc},'ulation8  for  overhead  wircH  in  tbiK 
country  is  one  which  has  always  been  of  very  ^rcat 
interest  to  electrical  enjrineers,  and  its  importance  is  con- 
stantly growing.  Tlie  new  regulations  just  issued,  and 
reproduced  elsewhere  in  our  pages,  will  therefore  claim  the 
close  attention  of  our  readers.  Any  concessions  that  tend 
towards  facilitating  the  employment  of  overhead  lines  will 
naturally  receive  a  heartfelt  welcome. 

The  new  high-pressure  code  embodies  some  noteworthy 
changes,  and  alterations  have  been  made  also  in  the 
memorandum  for  the  guidance  of  persons  applying  for 
leave  to  use  overhead  wires.  General  consent  is  not 
given  ;  each  case  is  considered  on  its  merits,  and  the 
regulations  are  drawn  up  to  correspond  with  the  aotua 
circumstances,  but  it  will  be  found  that  an  attempt  has  been 
made  to  separate  the  variable  from  the  constant  terms  of 
the  problem,  embodying  the  latter  in  a  definite  code  and 
deriving  the  former  from  the  applicant. 

An  important  change  is  the  reduction  of  the  wind 
pressure  from  30  to  25  lb.  per  sq.  ft.,  which,  moreover,  is 
the  maximum  allowance,  without  regard  to  snow  or  ice  ;  in 
this  respect  the  regulation  is  •  more  lenient  than  those  in 
force  on  the  Continent.  Our  climate  in  winter  is  certainly 
less  rigorous  than  that  of  Germany  or  France,  and  while  we 
may  occasionally  experience  a  blizzard,  it  would  be  unreason- 
able to  legislate  for  so  exceptional  an  event,  imposing  a 
perpetual  burden  upon  the  industry  on  account  of  a  remote 
possibility. 

An  interesting  addition  to  the  high-pressure  code  is  the 
requirement  that  precautions  shall  be  taken  to  prevent 
contact  between  high-pressure  lines  and  trees.  This  appears 
to  be  due  to  the  difficulty  in  obtaining  way  leaves  in  this 
country.  It  would  be  better  to  clear  away  the  trees  along- 
side of  a  transmission  line,  as  is  done  in  other  countries, 
but  the  attempt  to  do  so  here  would,  in  many  cases,  result 
In  a  blank  refusal  to  grant  the  wayleave. 

Another  new  regulation  In  general  forbids  the  erection  of 
high-pressure  wires  across  the  premises  of  a  consumer. 
Permission  may  be  given  to  do  this  under  special  con- 
ditions, but  such  wires  might  be  regarded  by  the  Home 
Office  as  ser?Ice  wires,  not  coming  under  the  Factory  Regu- 
lations, and  In  the  case  of  an  accident,  the  supply  company 
would  be  held  responsible.  The  code,  in  fact,  is  Intended 
only  to  apply  to  cross-country  work. 

One  of  the  regulations  contains  an  additional  provision 
regarding  the  earthing  of  the  ironwork  on  each  pole  as  ' 
alternative  to  the  use  of  a  continuous  earth  wire. 

The  failure  of  the  wire  cradle  to  give  satisfaction  f 
crossings  is  recognised  in  Regulation  24,  which  ley 


[877] 


878 


THE    ELECTKICAL    KEVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,863,  MAT  30,  1913. 


the  applicant  to  submit  proposals  as  to  the  safeguards  to  be 
used.  Improved  methods  of  insulating  and  supporting  the 
conductors,  by  duplication  and  similar  devices,  have  come 
into  use  of  late,  and  it  stands  to  reason  that  it  is  much 
better  to  render  breakage  practically  impossible  than  to 
provide  against  its  consequences. 

It  will  be  seen  that  while  the  changes  are  not  of  funda- 
mental importance,  their  tendency  is,  on  the  whole,  towards 
leniency.  The  main  question,  however,  is  the  facility  of 
obtaining  consents,  and  we  have  been  pleased  to  see  that  in 
recent  years  the  number  of  these  has  very  greatly  increased. 


agreement  by  subscribers  "  to  take  the  book  records  as  their 
accounts."  Judge  Bray  stated  the  law  with  perfect  accu- 
racy when  he  said  that  such  an  agreement  was  valid  inter 
varies,  but  was  not  binding  on  a  Court  of  Law. 

We  know  of  no  express  decision  on  the  point  ;  but  it  may 
l)e  that,  by  agreeing  to  accept  the  entries  in  the  Post  Office 
books,  a  subscril)er  becomes  (as  the  lawyers  say),  estopped 
from  disputing  their  accuracy.  In  any  case  of  real  doubt, 
however,  a  subscriber  would  be  well  advised  to  insist  on 
witnesses  being  called,  because  he  would  be  entitled  to  have 
it  proved  in  Court  that  the  entries  were  actually  made  by] 
those  in  the  employment  of  the  Post  Office. 


The  Post  Office 
and  Telephone 


The  man  who  is  compelled  to  patronise 
that  Government  monopoly — the  telephone 


Subscribers.  — generally  pays  what  is  demanded  of  him 
without  making  a  fuss.  liife  is  not  long 
enough  to  justify  the  expenditure  of  time  in  disputing  over 
small  sums — possibly  Is.  or  Od. — which  may  appear  to  be  an 
overcharge.  It  would  seem,  however,  that  tliose  in  charge 
of  the  Post  Office  Telephone  system  do  sometimes  make 
mistakes — like  the  rest  of  us  ;  and  if  a  protest  is  made,  it 
may  turn  out  that  the  charge  cannot  be  justified.  A  singular 
case  occurred  last  week  in  the  Westminster  County  Court 
which  illustrates  this  point.  A  subscriber  was  sued  by  the 
Post  Office,  the  cl^im  being  for  £7  48.  !)d.  alleged  to  be  due 
for  telephone  rental  and  fees,  including  an  item  of  Is.  9d. 
for  trunk  calls.  Owing  to  his  not  having  paid,  he  had  been 
deprived  of  the  telephone.  From  a  brief  report  which 
appeared  in  a  daily  paper,  the  defendant  appeared  to  admit 
the  £7,  but  denied  that  he  had  had  any  trunk  calls. 

It  appears  that  a  Post  Office  witness  said  that  the  trunk 
fees  were  for  postal  facilities.  In  reply  to  the  Judge,  who 
asked  for  proof,  he  said  that  he  could  produce  the  books, 
and  that  subscribers  agreed  to  take  the  book  records  as  their 
accounts.  Judge  Bray  said  that  might  be  so,  but  that  did 
not  make  the  books  evidence  before  a  court  of  law.  The 
nature  of  the  charges  must  be  proved  in  the  ordinary  way, 
and,  in  the  absence  of  such  proof,  he  disallowed  the  claim 
for  4s.  Od.  This  decision  appears  to  have  given  rise  to  an 
impression  that  there  was  some  difficulty  about  the  Post 
Office  recovering  trunk  calls.  At  any  rate,  the  Post  Office 
appears  to  have  attached  importance  to  it,  for,  on  the  follow- 
ing day,  the  case  was  again  mentioned  to  the  Court,  when 
the  Judge  pointed  out  that  "  he  had  not  decided  that  the 
Post  Office  books  were  not  evidence  to  prove  trunk  calls.  If 
the  books  were  produced,  he  would  then  have  to  decide  whether 
they  were  or  were  not  evidence  against  the  defendant.  He 
now  understood  that  the  charges  were  for  Post  Office  tele- 
grams, and  the  Post  Office  were  at  liberty  to  prove  that 
fact  if  they  liked."  This  puts  a  very  different  complexion 
on  the  previous  decision  :  but  the  fact  remains  that,  like 
every  other  litieant,  the  Postmaster-C^eneral  must  be  pre- 
pared to  prove  his  case  if  he  brings  an  action  at  law.  It  is 
reasonably  clear  that,  in  the  absence  of  agreement,  the 
books  or  records  kept  at  the  exchange  are  not  in  themselves 
evidence  against  a  subscriber  for  any  purpose.  Suppose  it 
were  alleged  against  a  subscriber  who  had  paid  his  £C  10s. 
a  year,  that  there  was  an  additional  sum  of  1  Ds.  4d.  due  for 
extra  calls.  If  his  defence  was  :  "  I  deny  that  I  have  had 
more  than  ?>()0  calls,"  the  Postmaster-Cieneral  would  have 
to  prove  that  each  additional  call  was  made.  For  that  pur- 
pose he  would  be  bound  to  summon  as  witnesses  every 
exchange  clerk  who  recorded  any  call  from  that  particular 
number.  The  exchange  clerk,  no  doubt,  would  be  entitled 
to  refresh  his  memory  by  referring  to  any  memo- 
randum made  at  the  time,  and  his  evidence,  so 
fortified,  would  be  difficult  to  displace  ;  but  the 
fact  remains  that  the  burden  of  proof  would  have  to  be 
discharged.  It  will  be  noticed  that  in  the  case  above 
mentioned  those  represeoting  the  Post  Office  relied  upon  an 


For  many  years  those  associated  withj 

_,^'^!'*^'*;        the    electrical    industry    in    the    United! 
Lighting  for     ^^  ^     ,  ,  ,  , ,  ,    •    ' 

Motor-Cars       States  have  set  a  commendable  example  m 

the  interest  they  have  taken  in  everything 

appertaining  to  the  motor-car.      The  excellent  results  that; 

have  attended  the  efforts  of  the  Filectrical  A'ehicle  Associa 

tion  in  developing  the  use  of  electric  motor  vehicles  in  the 

United    States   have   often   been  referred  to  in  our  pages, 

Now  that  electricity  bids  fair  to  become  practically  the  only 

medium  for  the  lighting  of  automobiles,  and  is  also  playing 

an  important  part  in  the  starting  devices  which  have  been 

introduced  to  render  the  usual  petrol  engine  starting  handle 

a  thing  of  the  past,  it  is  interesting  to  find  that  electrical 

engineers  are  working  together  with  the  view  of  seeing  that* 

these    new    departures    are   developed   along  proper  lines.' 

Thus,   the   American  Society  of  Automobile  Engineers  ha» 

recently     appointed     an     electrical     equipment     division^ 

or    sub-Committee,  which    is    at    present    engaged    on  a- 

discussion  as  to  whether,  for  car  electric  lighting  installa-'- 

tions,  the  double-wiring  system,  or  the  single  wiring  witl^ 

earthed   return,   should   be   recommended   by   the  Society.'' 

Although  there  is  a  majority  in  favour  of  the  latter,  it  was. 

resolved  at  the  last  meeting  to  postpone  the  final  decision. 

As   a    matter   of   fact,    the   only   direct  opposition  to   the- 

standardisation  of  the  single-wire  system  came  from  a  single 

manufacturer  of  electric  lighting  and  engine-starting  systems, 

who  contended  that  the  earthing  method  had  been  the  cause 

of  many  difficulties,  and  that  whereas  several  "  earths  "  might 

exist  on  a  two-wire  system  without  putting  it  out  of  action  - 

one   "  earth "   might   suffice   to   throw   out    a   single-wirtf 

system  ;  furthermore,  that  fuses  would  not  protect  the  latter 

from  the  losses  due  to  slow  leaks.     On  the  other  hand,  one 

large  firm  of  motor-car  manufacturers  stated  that  they  had  had' 

DO  troubles  along  the  lines  indicated,  and  that  they  intended 

to  adhere  to   the  single-wire  system.     The  representativ^l; 

of    several  lamp   manufacturing  concerns  stated  that   thejr 

had  no   preference  for  either  of  the  systems,  but  as  it  wal 

estimated  that  at  least  7,000,00u  lamps  would  be  sold  tbSi 

year  for  replacement  purposes  alone,  they  were  anxious  to  see 

one  or   other  of  the  two  systems  standardised,  so  that  tfa^ 

question  of  supplying  them  could  be  simplified. 

Another  subject  which  is  being  dealt  with  by  the  Socie^ 
is  that  of  accumulators  for  car  electric  lighting  and  startinjf 
systems,  a  proposal  to  adopt  standards  for  battery  ratinfl 
and  also  for  the  external  dimensions  of  battery  containeiB 
being  under  consideration.  The  representative  of  an  acci^ 
mulator  factory  stated  that  his  firm  had  to  keep  a  stock  of  ae 
fewer  than  128  styles,  sizes,  and  capacities  of  accumulatoiii,- 
owing  mainly  to  needless  divergencies  in  the  location  of'tlj 
same  on  the  car.  It  was  also  decided  to  draw  up  a  standi 
set  of  instructions  for  the  charging  and  care  of  batteri( 
these  will  probably  be  engraved  on  a  metal  plate,  to  be  fi^ 
to  the  dashboard  of  the  car. 

Other  points  relating  to  the  electrical  equipment  of  pei 
cars  are  being  dealt  with  by  the  Society,  but  those  we 
mentioned  will  more  than  suffice  to  demonstrate  the  practi 
interest  taken  in  the  matter,  this  being,  as  we  stated  at  tlw 
outset,  an  example  which  might  well  be  followed  by  the  elec- 
trical trade  in  this  country. 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,Hr,:i,  May  :»),   lyi.t. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    KLVIEW. 


87  » 


,  ,  'I'm:    Dominion     IIoiih(!    of    (.'oinmonH 

IiMixM  nil  Coin-     ..  ,,  ,„     ,  .,       .,,  ,   ,,.,,   .. 

.u.'nln,lI«,.H.      .  """«'"■•'     "f  ^^"y  •'''''•  ""•'  '*'"  ^"-  '^«' 
introduciiif^  "  An  Act  to  provide  for  more 

i«lvaiitageou8  telegniphic  commimiciitioii    bctwoon  (Jaiiiidii, 

the  United  Kin^'dom,  iind  other  parts  of  the  IJritish  Kmpire," 

and  eontainitif,'  a  Sclieduic  givinj,'  the   terniH  of  an  at,'rcc- 

ment  fur   Hadio-Telej^n-aphic  coinniunication  Itcbwccn  (IrcaL 

Britain,  Canada,  Australia  and   New  Zculnnd,  enables  us  to 

understand  the  e.\act  attitude  now  taken  up  by  the  Dcminion 

Government  with  regard  to  cable,  teIe[hoiiic,  wireless,  and 

any  other  means  of   telegraphic  comnuinic.ttion.     The  Act 

is  cited  as    "The  Ocean  Telegrajib  Act,"  and  by  this  it 

would  seem  that  it  is  still  the  inward  belief  that  the  ceean, 

and  not  the  ether,  will  have  much  to  do  with  the  future  of 

telegraphy.      The    Act    provides    regulations    for    issuing 

licences  for  the  landing  of  cables  ;  for  the  coi.striict'on  and 

operation  of  all  telegraphic  stations;  for  their  control  and 

management,  as  well  as  their    inspection  ;    for  harmonious 

working,  and  for  ninking  effective  international  conventions 

and  treaties. 

The  debate  in  the  Canadian  llou^e  brought  out  a  great 
deal  of  information  which  has  not  appeared  in  the  Press, 
but  we  do  not  think  the  beue6ts  derived  from  cable 
communication  by  the  two  countries,  Canada  and'  Great 
Britain,  received  full  recognition.  No  loss  would  follow  a 
tribute  of  this  nature,  and  it  does  not  appear  to  be  large 
statenianship  to  say  that  a  country  lias  been  for  years  in 
the  hands  of  the  cable  companies,  when  the  remedy  is  in 
the  hands  of  the  Governments.  If  this  had  been  applied 
many  years  ago,  when  the  question  became  active,  it  is 
probable  that  the  cost  of  any  necessary  undertaking  would 
by  now  have  been  paid  ofl',  instead  of  which  experimental 
purposes  are  to  delay  further  what  is  agreed  to  be  a  vital 
necessity.  The  debate  when  it  reached  technicality  became 
more  involved,  especially  when  a  speed  of  -400  letters  per 
minute  (or  100  per  cent,  more  than  by  cable)  was  S'tated  to 
have  been  guaranteed  by  wireless.  The  Pacific  Cable 
project  w'as  Tarought  into  the  discussion,  and  statements 
of  opinion  as  to  its  financial  results  are  very 
interesting  as  being  the  expressions  of  one  at  least 
of  the  partners  in  the  concern.  They  agree  with 
statements  which  have  been  made  by  us  for  niany  years. 
Notwithstanding  the  large  capital  cost  of  that  utdertakirg 
(£2, 175,000),  it  was  stated  that  the  venture  was  profitable, 
and  that  if  its  revenues  were  not  used  partly  as  a  sicking 
fund  they  would  far  exceed  its  expenditure. 

The  new  wireless  system  is  not  to  be  allowed  to  compete 
with  this  cable,  but  at  present  this  appears  to  be  a  harmless 
provision.  It  was  also  said  that  it  might  soon  be  necessary 
to  duplicate  the  Pacific  cable,  as  it  was  fully  loaded.  If 
this  be  the  case  no  delay  for  experimental  purposes,  how- 
ever cheap  they  may  appear,  should  be  allowed  to  interfere 
with  the  aim  of  placing  and  maintaining  the  State  tele- 
graphic system  in  a  fully  remunerative  and  satisfactory  con- 
dition, in  accordance  with  the  policy  which  has  secured  the 
success  of  private  cable  companies. 


The  annual  report  of  the  Managt  ment 

'*      ,      Committee  Association  for  1912  has  been 

Steam  Users'     issued.     This  must  not  be  confused  with 

Association,      the  technical  report  of  the  chief  engineer, 

though   it  is  interesting  in  its  own  way. 

The  Association,  founded  in  1854,  cow  has  10,051  boilers 

on  it;8  books,  and  daring  the  year  succeeded  in  making  tetal 

or  thorough  inspections  of  fully  !)2  per  cent,  in  the  ordinary 

way,  and  over  ■'ih  per  cent,  specially,  in  addition  to  partial 

examinations,  such  as  internal  parts  or  flues  only.     Thus,  in 

the  year  over  1)8  per  cent,  of  the  Association's  boilers  were 

probably  examined  at  rest,  in  addition  to  over.  13,000  visits 

paid  for  external  or  working  examination,  such  visits,   of 

course,  including  from  1  to  40  or  more  boilers  in  one  visit. 

The  ten  thousand  boilers  belong  to  2,153  owners,  or  nearly 


livi;  b(jil(rH  to  the  uvcriige  owner,  and  an  average  of 
very  cloH<;ly  20  boilers  to  each  Hi  workn,  and  u  littU;  ov«r 
two  workH  to  ouch  niemljtr.  Tiie  ina>meavcra(,'<;Ku  little  over 
i'2  per  boiler,  and  the  .\m<K:iation,  which  given  a  pecuniary 
gnaruiitcc  with  itn  itiB[K;<tionH,  [k>w.x*hch  a  rcticrvc  fund  of 
nearly  L' 1 7,000,  including  furniture,  Ac.  It  Ih  htatcd  as 
evidence  of  the  care  of  the  A»9ocintion  that  no  life  Iium  yet 
been  lost  by  the  exploHion  of  any  boiler  InMpccted  and 
guaranteed.  The  guarantee  is  a  gcxxl  feature  of  thft 
Association's  method.  If  mcmberH  do  not  follow  the  advice 
tendered  them  they  are  not  put  out  in  the  cold  to  Ik;  a  danger 
to  the  community,  but  the  guarantee  Ih  witldield  a«  a 
solemn  warning,  for  it  would  be  a  very  grave  matter  if,  after 
the  guarantee  were  withheld,  a  lioiler  should  fall,  and  the 
owner  would  possibly  Iind  himself  in  a  serious  i)OHition. 

Compared  with  America  this  country  is  very  safe  in 
respect  of  its  boilers.  In  the  I'nited  States  in  Octolj*  r  there 
were  :>i  explosions  and  20  deaths,  and  we  believe  that  the 
Hartford  Boiler  Insurance  Co.  tries  hard  to  bring  practice 
nearer  to  Knglish  lines,  in  respect  of  construction  and  of 
pressures.  There  is  certainly  too  much  liUrality  with 
stresses  in  America,  and  there  are,  of  course,  many  boilers  in 
distant  corners. 

In  the  I'nited  Kingdom  durirg  the  year  there  were  (i8 
explosions  and  ;54  deaths.  Only  17  were  boiler  explosions 
proper,  the  rest  being  other  things,  such  as  pipes,  keirs, 
oven.a,  &c. 

AVe  may,  perhaps,  assume  that  the  boilers  in  the  United 
States  now  outnumber  those  in  this  countrj-,  but,  in  any 
case,  the  degrees  of  safety  differ  very  widely. 

The  Association  has  had  in  hand  for  some  time  experi- 
ments on  the  fatigue  of  metals,  and  some  of  the  results  are 
shortly  to  be  published.  It  has  also  surveyed  the  present 
condition  of  knowledge  on  the  strength  of  flat  plates,  and 
on  the  elasticity  eif  steam  bends,  both  matters  of  consider- 
able interest  to  engineers. 


'J'liE   growing  practice  of   co-operation 

..''..,"'"''.*'"',"  between  private  enterprise  and  municipal 
tion  with  Private  ^      ,        ,     .\      .     ,.  ,    .        ^  , 


Enterprise. 


or  communal  authe)rities  in  lighting  and 


tramway  undertakings  in  Germany  is  now 
proposed  to  be  extended  by  the  conversion  of  the  Hamburg 
electricity  works  into  a  auiceru  to  be  jointly  owned  by  the 
existing  company  and  the  State  of  Hamburg.  At  present 
the  company,  which  has  a  share  capital  of  £1,100,000,  does 
not  possess  an  exclusive  monopoly  of  the  supply  business, 
and  it  is  not  intended  to  confer  snch  a  privilege  upon  it  in 
the  future,  but  permission  is  to  be  granted  for  an  extension 
of  the  supply  throughout  the  whole  of  the  area  of  the  State, 
thus  bringing  within  the  scope  of  thewo)ks  a  number  of 
subuibs  which  are  nut  now  furnished  with  light  and 
power  from  this  undertaking.  The  Hamburg  Senate  pro- 
poses to  subscribe  for  £500,000  in  preference  shares,  in 
order  to  assist  in  thro,  development  of  the  supply  system  and 
to  have  a  large  interest  in  the  company.  According  to  the 
existing  agreement  between  the  Senate  and  the  company, 
the  former  receives  a  share  of  15.!  per  cent,  eif  the  gross 
receipts,  in  addition  to  one-fonrth  of  the  surplus  after  f.  per 
cent,  has  been  paid  on  the  ordinaiy  shares,  and  one-half  of 
the  surplus  remaining  after  the  dividend  amounts  to  8  per 
cent.  In  future  the  State  is  first  to  receive  5  per  cent,  on 
the  preference  shares,  and  e^ie-half  of  the  surplus  after  the 
dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  is  ()  per  cent.,  whilst  the 
other  half  is  to  be  distributed  aS  a  super-divielend  on  the 
whole  of  the  capital.  The  amount  cf  the  latter  devolving 
upon  the  preferer.ce  shares,  as  well  as  the  fees  payable  to  the 
three  representatives  of  the  State  on  the  board  of  directors, 
is  to  be  used  for  the  formation  of  a  fund  for  the  purchase  of 
ordinary  shares.  The  present  right  of  expropriation  of  the 
company  as  from  the  end  of  1'.)13,  on  giving  one  year's 
notice,  is  to  be  continued  until  1923  ;  if  it  is  not  exercised 
by  that  time  it  will  lapse  under  the  terms  of  the  new  agree- 
ment, but  this  is  not  the  case  under  the  present  contract. 


880 


THE    i!:LEOTRICAL    REYTE'vV.         [Voi.  72.   Ko.  i.sss,  mat  ho,  1913. 


THE  INSTITUTION  OF  ELECTRICAL  ENGINEERS  IN  PARIS. 


The  Soci«^te  Internationale  des  Electriciens  is  to  be 
congratulated  either  upon  its  singularly  good  fortune 
or  upon  its  remarkable  control  over  the  weather,  for, 
although  Paris  had  "  enjoyed  "  a  spell  of  disagreeable 
weather  right  up  to  the  day  on  which  the  British  party 
crossed  the  Channel,  the  spell  was  broken  on  our 
arrival.  Perhaps  Commandant  Ferrie  and  his 
expert  staff,  by  reversing  the  ordinary  course  of 
events  and  dispatching  thunderbolts  into  the  upper  air 
viS  the  Eiffel  Tower  from  their  mysterious  caves  in  the 
Champ  de  Mars,  had  something  to  do  with  it.  For  is 
not  M.  Ferrie  the  world's  timekeeper,  and  does  not  he 
distribute  the  finest  possible  temps   to  all   the  world? 


Dem.-  Electricity  Wokk.-. 


\\'hate\er  the  cause,  the  result  was  charming  weather 
throughout  the  visit,  improving  in  quality  with  time,- 
and  being  at  its  very  best  for  the  excursions  to  Chan- 
tilly  and  \'ersailles.  The  visit  officially  ended  on 
Saturday,  but  many  members  of  the  party  remained 
for  the  week-end,  and  Sunday  was  a  perfect  summer's 
day. 

But,  of  course,  our  confreres'  solicitude  was  not  con- 
fined to  the  elements;  they  are  masters  of  organis- 
ation and  foresight,  and  made  admirable  arrangements 
to  ensure  that  the  visit   should  be  a  success  in  everv 


w hich  was  more  or  less  know n  to  the  electrical  world, 
though  doubtless  much  of  it  was  new  to  many  of  the 
audience — for  each  of  the  two  nations  concerned  is  of 
necessity  unable  to  keep  closely  in  touch  with  the  pro- 
gress of  the  other,  and  no  man  can  claim  to  maintain 
an  intimate  acquaintance  with  all  branches  of  the  ever- 
expanding  tree  of  science  known  as  electrical  techno- 
logy. The  excursions,  on  the  other  hand,  were  full  of 
varied  and  indi\idual  interest;  the  natural  beauties  of 
X'ersailles  and  Chantilly,  and  the  priceless  works  of  art 
with  which  those  palaces  are  so  richly  stored,  con- 
trasted sharply  with  the  magnificence  as  a  masterpiece 
of  engineering  of  the  great  works  at  St.  Denis,  and  the 
delicate  perfection  of  the  porcelain  of  Sevres  with  the 
no  less  perfect  but  wholly  dissimilar  symmetry  and 
grandeur  of  the  Eiffel  Tower;  and  Paris  herself,  the 
mother  of  all  these  works  of  ait,  provided  unlimited 
food  for  interest  and  admiration. 

It  only  needed  the  efforts  of  our  hospitable  friends  to 
co-ordinate  all  these  attractions,  and,  with  the  collabor- 
ation of  the  clerk  of  the  weather,  to  render  the  visit  a 
success  without  a  flaw.  We  think  we  voice  the  feel- 
ings of  the  whole  of  the  British  visitors  when  we  say 
that  all  the  conditions  were  fulfilled,  and  that  the  "joint 
meeting  "  of  191.3  wilt  long  be  remembered  by  those 
who  took  part  in  it  as  one  of  the  most  pleasant  and 
agreeable  experiences  of  their  lives.  Where  all  were 
courteous,  amiable,  and  genial,  it  may  seem  invidious 
to  praise  a  few;  but  it  is  only  just  to  refer  with  special 
emphasis  to  the  indefatigable  labours  of  M.  Berthelot, 
President  of  the  Societe;  M.  Grosselin,  Past  President; 
M.  Bureau,  ^lember  of  Council;  and  M.  Joly,  the 
Secretar}-,  all  of  whom  exerted  every  effort  to  secure 
the  comfort  and  happiness  of  their  guests  and  to  ensure 
the  orderly  conduct  of  the  programme  of  each  day's 
doings. 

Amongst  the  British  engineers  w'ho  took  part  in  the 
visit  were  Mr.  W.  Duddell,  President  of  the  Institution 
of  Electrical  Engineers;  Messrs.  W.  Judd  and  J.  F.  C. 
Snell,  \'ice-presidents;  Prof.  Carey-Foster,  Past-presi- 
dent; Mr.    Robt.    Hammond,   Hon.  Treasurer;  Messrs. 


Clicht  du  yrra*coi>«  Hichard, 

The  Party  Arriving  at  Chantilly. 


way.  The  proceedings  in  this  instance  partook  more 
of  the  nature  of  a  congress  than  of  a  round  of  visits  to 
engineering  works,  as  on  previous  occasions,  and  it 
cannot  be  said  that  the  papers  or  discussions  as  a  whole 
brought  forward  any  new  developments  of  notable  im- 
portance; the  former  were  mainly  statements  or 
r(^sum^s  of  work  already  accomplished,  or  in  progress, 


J.  S.  Highfield  and  Roger  T.  Smith,  Members  of 
Council;  .Mr.  P.  F.  Rowell,  Secretary,  and  Mr.  R.  Tree, 
Chief  Clerk;  and  Messrs.  J.  Christie,  T.  Harding 
Churton,  C.  B.  Clay,  W.  R.  Cooper,  K.  Edgcumbe,  F. 
Espir,  G.  Hooghwinkel,  J.  P.  Hooper,  F.  Hope-Jones, 
.\.  Jacob,  F.  H.  Naldcr,  C.  C.  Patcrson,  R.  W.  Paul, 
LI.    Preece,  T.   F.   Purves,  J.   \\'.    Record,  W.   Slingo 


VoL  72.    No.  1,86:1,  Mav  :iO,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


881 


(luiginccr-iii-Chicf  lo  the  Post  Oflicc),  (i.  Stonc-y, 
A.  A.  C.  Swinton,  H.  L.  Webb,  A.  P.  Wood,  and  H.  K. 
Ycrbury.  The  party  numbered  about  150  in  all,  includ- 
ing more  than  40  ladies.  During  the  visit  Mr.  J.  II. 
Rider,  en  route  from  .South  Africa  to  lingland,  spent 
some  time  in  Paris  and  was  cordially  greeted  by  his 
friends. 

The  journey  to  Paris  was  accomplished  without  note- 
worthy incidents;  the  party  assembled  at  Victoria,  and 
proceeded  to  Dover  by  special  train.  The  sea  was  like 
a  lake,  and  afforded  no  excuse  for  malaise.  At  Calais 
an  excellent  lunch  was  provided,  which  was  partaken 
of  at  leisure,  and  fortified  the  party  for  their  journey 
by  special  train  to  Paris.  At  the  Gare  du  Nord  the 
President  of  the  Socii^te  with  a  number  of  his  col- 
leagues welcomed  the  visitors,  who  then  dispersed  to 
their  various  hotels. 

On  Wednesday  morning,  at  9  o'clock,  the  visitors 
with  their  I'Vcnch  colleagues  assembled  at  the  Conserv- 
atoire des  Arts  et  Metiers;  the  President  of  the  Soci(^t6 
Internationale  occupied  the  chair,  and  inaugurated  the 
proceedings  in  due  form,  addressing  a  hearty  welcome 
to  the  visitors  and  explaining  the  order  of  procedure 
and  the  programme  for  the  week.  A  large  party  of  the 
members,  including  most  of  the  ladies,  then  proceeded 
on  a  tour  of  inspection  of  the  exhibits  in  the  Con- 
servatoire, while  the  remainder  settled  down  to  the 
consideration  of  a  formidable  array  of  papers  relating 
to  electric  traction  on  railways.  Fortunately,  these 
were  not  read  in  exlenso;  all  the  members  having  re- 
ceived copies  in  advance,  the  Secretary,  M.  Joly,  read 
a  brief  risumd  of  each  as  a  preliminary  to  the  discus- 
sion. 

M.  L.  Gratzmuller  outlined  the  history  of  high-tension 
continuous-current  traction,  and  reviewed  the  various 
elements  of  the  problem  from  the  generator  to  the 
motor,  with  particulars  of  recent  installations,  pointing 
out  that  the  pressure  had  been  raised  by  stages  from 
500  to  2,400  voJts,  and'  not  by  any  abrupt  transition. 
M.  Marius  Latour's  paper  dealt  with  single-phase 
traction,  in  the  development  of  which  he  has 
played  so  distinguished  a  part.  He  referred 
especially  to  the  characteristics  of  the  various 
types  of  motors  available,  comparing  their  respec- 
tive advantages.  M.  Jullian  described  the  condi- 
tions under  which  the  concession  for  the  railway  from 
Villefranche  to  Bourg-Madame,  in  the  Western 
Pyrenees,  and  other  new  railways,  was  accepted  by  the 
Compagnie  des  Chemins  de  Fer  du  Midi,  providing  that 
the  State  should  bear  the  cost  of  a  considerable  propor- 
tion of  the  hydro^electric  works  and  of  the  transmission 
lines,  as  well  as  the  cost  of  constructing  the  railways, 
a  comprehensive  scheme  was  eventually  decided 
upon,  embracing  the  electrification  of  622  km.  of  exist- 
ing and  projected  lines.  The  conversion  of  the  existing 
lines,  about  half  the  total,  will  be  completed  in  July 
next.  The  conditions  prevailing  are  exceptionally  favour- 
able to  the  use  of  electric  traction,  which  is  being  effected 
with  single-phase  alternating  current.  The  equip- 
ment of  the  line  is  described  in  the  paper;  the  voltage 
adopted  for  the  transmission  line  is  60,000  volts  at 
16  cycles,  and  the  generating  stations  will  have  an 
output  of  nearly  50,000  h.p.  Elaborate  experiments 
have  been  made  to  determine  the  best  type  of  motor, 
resulting  in  the  adoption  of  the  series  type. 

Mr.  A.  N.  Mazen  described  the  traffic  conditions 
obtaining  on  the  State  railways  which  formerly  formed 
the  railway  system  of  the  Compagnie  de  1 'Quest;  the 
traffic  has  grown  to  such  an  extent  that  it  cannot  be 
satisfactorily  handled  by  the  present  equipment,  and 
the  only  possible  solution  to  the  problem  is  the  adop- 
tion of  electric  traction.  It  has  been  decided  to  adopt 
continuous  current  at  650  volts,  and  to  construct  400 
to  500  motor-coaches;  about  50  km.  of  line  will  be 
electriified.  M.  H.  Parodi  contributed  a  study  of  the 
railway  electrification  problem  as  it  was  met  with  in  the 
United  States,  broadly  considering  the  subject  with  the 
aid  of  a  mass  of  statiistics,  the  paper  constituting  a 
valuable  summary  of  the  position. 

M.  J.  B.  G.  Damoiseau  dealt  with  the  subject  of 
petrol-electric  motor-vehicles,  and  described  the 
designs  adopted  by  the  leading  manufacturers  in 
Europe  and  the  United  States.     He  arrived  at  the  con- 


clusion that  the  i)ctrol-elcctric  vehicle  was  the  best 
type  of  independent  motor  vehicle  before  the  public, 
and  that  its  u.se  would  tend  to  increase. 

Messrs.  Mazen,  Roger  Smith,  Hammond,  and 
B(jchet  took  part  in  the  discussion  whi(  1>  followed.  In 
the  course  of  his  remarks,  Mr.  Smith  cxprcs.scd  the 
view  that  in  this  country  electric  traction  would  be 
economically  possible  only  for  two  purpxjses — the  work- 
ing of  suburban  railways,  and  of  mineral  traffic  in  hilly 
districts — and  stated  that  the  North-ICastern  Railway 
Company  was  going  to  lead  the  way  in  the  latter 
connection,  and  a  u.c.  railway  at  3,5W  volts  would 
shortly  be  put  in  operation  in  this  country.  The  great 
obstacle  to  the  extended  use  of  large  electric  loco- 
motives in  Great  Britain  was  the  enormous  number  of 
traders'  wagons — about  half  a  million — which  could 
not  stand  a  draw-bar  pull  exceeding  12  tons. 

In  the  afternoon  a  large  party,  including  most  of  the 
ladies,  proceeded  by  special  steamer  to  St.  Cloud,  and 
visited  the  celebrated  porcelain  works  of  the  French 


Cliche  du  Verascope  Richard. 

Leaving  the  Hotel  du  Gkaxd  Coxde,  Ciiaxtilly. 

Government  at  Sevres,  where  they  were  entertained  at 
tea  before  returning,  the  trip  down  the  river  and  back 
being  most  enjoyable,  in  addition  to  the  artistic  delights 
of  the  factory.  The  more  technically  bent  were  taken 
in  motor  'buses  to  the  electrical  generating  station  hi 
the  Electricity  de  Paris  at  St.  Denis,  one  of  the  finest 
installations — if  not,  perhaps,  the  finest — in  Europe, 
comprising  turbine  plant  of  120,000  h.p.  output.  We 
published  a  description  of  the  works  in  our  issue  of 
Jan.  11th,  1907,  and  therefore  we  need  not  here  dwell 
upon  details.  Most  of  the  generating  plant  was  supplied 
by  the  Compagnie  Electro-Mecanique,  and  is  of  the 
Brown,  Boveri-Parsons  type,  but  some  of  the  generators 
were  bui-lt  by  the  Ateliers  de  Constructions  Electriques 
du  Nord  et  de  I'Est,  of  Jeumont.  The  boilers  are  of  the 
Babcock  and  Wilcox  marine  type. 

The  most  striking  characteristic  of  this  splendid  ex- 
ample of  a  modern  generating  station  is  the  unity  of 
design  which  has  made  of  it  one  huge  machine.  From 
the  barges  which  bring  the  coal  to  the  station,  to  the 
feeders  which  convey  the  energy  to  the  consumers,  the 
fullest  use  is  made  of  mechanical  operation  and  control, 
and  there  are  very  few  men  to  be  seen  about  the  plant. 
It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Scotch  coal  is  largely  used 
at  the  station  -washed  nuts;  the  bunkers  have  a 
capacity  of  32,000  tons.  While  natural  draft  is  mainly 
employed,  two  of  the  ten  chimney  shafts  being  90  m. 
(295  ft.)  in  height,  the  draft  of  the  first  four  shafts  can 
be  increased  50  per  cent,  with  the  aid  of  ejectors  on 
the  Prat  system,  and  of  additional  steam  blowers. 
There  are  four  generating  sets  of  5,000-6,000  kw. 
capacity  at  10,250  volts.  25  cycles,  3-phasc.  for  the 
supply  of  power  to  the  Ch.  de  Fer  Metropolitain;  two 
turbines  of  the  same  size  driving  each  two  alternators 


882 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVTEW.        [Voi.  7j.  No.  1,853,  mat  30, 1913. 


in  tandem,  one  similar  to  the  former  and  the  other  a 
two-phase  machine  working  at  12,300  volts,  41§  cycles, 
6,000-7,200  KW.;  four  sets  of  5,000-6,000  KW.,  12,300 
volts,  411  cycles;  and  one  set  of  11,000-15,000  kw., 
10,250  volts — all  of  the  Parsons  type.  The  two-phase 
supply  is  for  lighting  and  power  in  Paris;  the  three- 
phase  for  the  railway  and  for  tramways. 

The  works  include  a  factory  capable  of  turning  out 
50,000  bricks  a  day,  made  from  the  ashes.  The  first 
turbine  was  set  to  work  in  August,  1905,  and  the  plant 
has  been  continuously  extended  since  that  date. 

From  St.  Denis  the  party  proceeded  to  the  works  of 
the  "  Triphase  "  at  Asni^rcs;  this  station  is  of  longer 
growth  than  the  former,  and  includes  some  fine  exam- 
ples of  the  low-speed  alternator,  driven  by  horizontal 
engines,  as  well  as  two  interesting,  because  now  rarely 
met  with,  external  armature  machines  of  the  Siemens 
type,  the  outer  bars  of  the  winding  forming  the  com- 
mutator. 

The  newer  plant  in  the  station  consists  of  Rateau  tur- 
bines driving  three-phase  generators.  Here  also  the 
coal-handling  arrangements  were  very  elaborate  and 
complete,  including  a  long  conveyor-bridge  over  a  road, 


The  Eiffel  Tower  in"  a  Storm. 

from  the  Seine  to  the  works.  The  huge  screens 
employed,  five  or  six  in  series,  for  preventing  the  ingress 
of  undesirable  matter  from  the  Seine  with  the  circulating 
water,  were  also  found  very  interesting.  At  each  of 
these  stations  the  visitors  were  entertained  by  the 
respective  companies  with  light  refreshments.  They 
afterwards  drove  back  to  Paris,  and  prepared  for  the 
banquet  to  which  they  were  bidden  by  the  Soci^td  Inter- 
nationale at  the  Palais  d'Orsay. 

M.  Berthelot  presided,  and  the  guests  numbered 
some  360.  During  the  dinner,  which  was  character- 
ised by  lavish  hospitality,  a  musical  programme  was 
performed  by  the  band  of  the  Chemin  de  Fer  du  Nord. 
M.  Berthelot  gave  the  toast  of  the  King,  and  Mr. 
Duddell  that  of  the  President.  Later,  M.  Berthelot,  in 
the  course  of  a  brief  "speech,  proffered  a  cordial  wel- 
come to  the  British  visitors,  referring  to  the  achieve- 
ments of  the  more  distinguished  among  them.  He 
also  expressed  the  gratitude  of  the  Soci^t^  to  the  re- 
spective persons  and  firms  who  had  assisted  in  provid- 
ing entertainment  and  instruction  for  their  guests. 

Mr.  Duddell,  in  responding,  referred  to  this  as  the 
first  reunion  of  the  two  societies,  and  expressed  his 
appreciation  of  the  genial  welcome  and  unstinted  hos- 
pitality of  the  Soci^t6,  and  of  the  persons  named  by  M. 
Berthelot.       He  concluded  by  proposing  the  toast  of 


"The  Soci^t^,"  which  was  accorded  musical  honours 
by  the  visitors. 

The  company  then  adjourned  to  a  concert  room, 
where  an  excellent  entertainment  was  provided  by 
artistes  from  the  Opc^ra  and  the  Com^die  Fran9aise. 
The  most  interesting  feature,  however,  of  the  eveniing 
was  a  series  of  kinematograph  demonstrations  by  M. 
Gaumont,  in  which  the  moving  picture  was  accom- 
panied by  sounds  produced  by  the  gramophone,  in 
accurate  synchronism  with  the  picture.  An  orator  de- 
livering a  speech,  a  cock  crowing,  and  an  artist  per- 
forming a  humorous  item  on  the  banjo  were  reproduced 
with  lifelike  fidelity,  though,  of  course,  the  defects 
inherent  to  the  gramophone  could  not  be  completely 
concealed.  Another  very  telling  series  showed  the  de- 
composition of  movements,  apparently  effected  by  tak- 
ing a  succession  of  photographs  at  a  rapid  rate  and 
projecting  the  views  on  the  screen  very  much  more 
slowly.  Thus,  a  man  jumping  off  a  table  slowly  rose 
into  the  air,  as  if  gravitation  had  been  neutralised, 
descended  to  the  ground  like  a  feather,  and  slowly  f 
crouched  on  his  haunches.  The  movements  of  the  ( 
human  body  in  walking,  skipping,  etc.,  when  thus  por- 
trayed become  not  only  surprising  but  also  very  ^ 
amusing.  ( 

On  Thursday  morning,  the  Congress  was  resumed  '^ 
at  the  Conservatoire,  but  a  number  of  alternatives  were 
provided,  parties  being  formed  to  visit  some  of  the 
places  of  interest  in  which  Paris  abounds;  one  party  in 
particular  spent  the  morning  at  the  Aerodynamical 
Laboratory  of  M.  Eiffel  at  Auteuil,  under  the  genfal 
guidance  of  the  founder  himself.  - 

The  meeting  at  the  Conservatoire,  under  the  chair- 
manship of  M.   Berthelot,  was  devoted  to  the  subject 
of    long-distance    transmission    of    electrical    energy. 
Mr.   J.   S.    Highfield  read  a  paper  on  the  continuous- 
current  Thury  system,  describing  the  results  which  he 
has     obtained     with    this     system     in     the    Western 
area    of    the    Metropolitan    Electric    Supply    Co.      A 
discussion      followed,      in      which      Messrs.      Thury, 
J.    F.    C.    Snell,    Edgcumbe,    Raphael,    Roger   Smith, 
Jenkin,    and    another   took    part.      Mr.    Snell   doubted 
whether    the    saving    effected    by    transmitting    elec- 
trical    energy,      for     instance,      from     coalfields     to 
London,,  would  be  sufficient  to  cover  the  cost  of  the 
wayleaves    necessary    for   the   transmission   line.     Mr. 
Smith  pointed  out  the  impossibility  of  finding  sufficient 
space  alongside  of  the  railway  tracks  near  London  for 
a    three-phase   overhead   line,    and   said   that   for   that 
reason   the  Thury   system  offered   exceptional   advan- 
tages for  the  operation  of  railway  sub-stations;  1,200 
KW.  was  just  the  size  required  to  run  one  railway  sec- 
tion carrying  two  trains  simultaneously.     He  had  no 
fears  as  to  the  effect  of  the  return  by  earth  upon  rail-       ; 
way  signals.     Mr.  Jenkin,   also  referring  to  the  ques-       V 
tion  of  railway  electrification,  said  that  the  facility  for      « 
extension   resulting   from   the   uniform   section   of   the       » 
cable  was  a  strong  point  in  favour  of  the  system,  and      ; 
the   difficulty   of    constructing    switchgear   capable   of 
dealing  with  three-phase  power  supply  on  a  large  scale,       *■ 
contrasted  with  the  simplicity  of  the  switchgear  on  the      ^ 
Thury  system,  afforded  a  further  advantage  when  the      ^ 
latter  was  employed.  • 

M.  Maurice  Leblanc  then  read  a  paper  on  "  Three-  ^ 
phase  Currents,"  which  occupied  the  remainder  of  the  ^ 
session.  i' 

In  the  afternoon,  a  party  visited  the  electricity  works  '  .^ 
of  the  Nord-Sud  Railway,  and  the  central  repair  depot 
of  the  Compagnie  Gdndrale  des  Omnibus  de  Paris, 
where  the  rolling  stock  of  the  tramways  and  the  motor 
'buses  are  repaired,  employing  2,000  hands.  The 
works  are  laid  out  on  the  most  modern  lines  and  on  a 
very  extensive  scale,  occupying  an  area  of  about  90,000 
sq.  metres.  The  machinery  is,  of  course,  electrically- 
driven,  with  a  power  plant  of  300  kw. 

The  pi^ce  de  resistance  of  the  afternoon,  however, 
was  a  reception  by  M.  Eiffel  on  the  topmost  platform 
of  the  Eiffel  Tower,  followed  by  an  inspection  of  the 
wireless  installation  of  the  military  authorities  in  the 
Champ  de  Mars.  This  was  an  extremely  popular 
event,  appealing  to  all  sorts  and  conditions,  and  a  very 
large  number  took  part  in  the  visit  to  the  Tower;  M. 


oVol,  72.    No.  l,8r):t,  May  :((i,  191;».] 


THE    KLl':CTRICAri    IIKVIKW. 


883' 


EiilTcI,  in  the  most  kindly  way,  patiently  signed  scores 
of  the  brociuires  which  he  presented  to  the  visitors, 
containing  the  reprint  of  a  lecture  on  tiie  famous  Tower 
dehvered  by  M.  Ch.-Kd.  (luillcaumc,  at  tiic  FCte  du 
Solcil  last  year,  and  wc  reproduce  from  tiiis  an  illus- 
tration showing  the  tower  struck  by  lightning — a  com- 
mon event — together  with  M.  iriffel's  signature.  We 
do  not  propose  to  describe  the  Tower,  but  may  remark 
that  its  graceful  design  and  majestic  proportions  were 
the  subject  of  many  admiring  comments.  The  visitors 
were  privileged  to  ascend  beyond  the  third  platform 
into  regions  inaccessible  to  the  general  public,  includ- 
ing M.  Eiffel's  private  rooms,  and  were  entertained 
with  light  refreshments.  Many  of  them,  undaunted 
by  the  vertical  ladders  inside  the  central  tube,  attained 
to  the  foot  of  the  flagstaff  itself,  where  there  is  only 
room  for  six  people  to  stand. 

(To  be   continued.) 


{Abstracts  of  Papers  discussed  in  Paris  at  the  Joint  Meeting  of 

the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  and  the  Societb 

Internationale  des  Electriciens,  21s^24</^  May,  1913.) 

High-Tension  Continuous-Current  Traction. 

By  Monsieur  Gratzmuller. 
The  object  of  this  paper  is  to  consider  tfie  liigli-tension  con- 
tinuous-cuncnt  system  of  traction  and  its  possibilities  of 
development.  Its  weak  point  is  the  lack  of  a  static  trans- 
former; this  has  been  the  cause  of  continuous  current  being  set 
aside.  Can  this  disadvantage  be  compensated  by  certain 
advantages? 

When  the  power  station  is  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the 
track  (this  will  always  be  the  case  for  traction  over  very  long 
distances)  three-phase  generators  will  obviously  be  employed. 

The  rotary  converter  for  a  frequency  of  25  periods  and  a 
pressure  of  600  volts  is  today  giving  every  satisfaction,  and  the 
increase  of  the  continuous-current  pressure  to  1,200  volts  is 
agreed   to  universally. 

The  three-phase  rotary  converter  operates  well  even  at  50 
periods,  but  I  think  that  in  this  case  the  continuous-current 
pressure  could  not  be  raised  to  more  than  600  to  750  volts.  Con- 
tinuous-current pressures  above  1,200  volts  in  the  case  of  25 
periods,  or  750  volts  in  the  case  of  50  periods,  should  be 
obtained  by  putting  the  converters  in  series. 

When  there  is  no  need  to  generate  at  a  very  high  pressure, 
the  mechanical  power  produced  by  a  hydraulic  turbine  is 
transformed  directly  into  continuous-current  power.  Up  to 
1,500  volts  a  dynamo  with  a  single  commutator  will  operate 
satisfactorily.  The  pressure  could  be  increased  up  to  3,000 
volts  by  installing  a  machine  with  tvi'o  windings  and  two  com- 
mutators, or  by  putting  two  machines  in  series.  When  the 
mechanical  power  is  generated  by  a  steam  turbine  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  track  it  appears  to  me  to  be  desirable  to 
transform  A.c.  into  D.c.  by  means  of  a  rotary  converter  at  the 
most  favourable  point  for  feeding  the  continuous  current  into 
the  conductor.  The  mercury  converter  allows  the  alternating 
current  to  be  rectified  with  a  constant  fall  of  pressure.  It  is 
being  perfected;  apparatus  of  a  capacity  up  to  300  KW.  already 
exist,  and  for  high  pressures  its  efficiency  is  nearly  unity. 
Hence,  electric  power  in  the  form  of  continuous-current  power 
may,  in  the  future,  perhaps  prove  the  most  economical. 

As  regards  the  collecting  of  current,  a  pressure  of  3,000  volts 
D.c.  promises  to  be  the  safe  limit  for  some  time  to  come.  A 
current  of  500  amperes  at  this  pressure  supplies  a  power  of 
1,500  KW.  It  thus  appears  that  powerful  locomotives  can  only 
be  utilised  where  a  third  rail  is  installed,  which  alone  will  pro- 
vide the  necessary  surface  and  contact  pressure.  Currents  up 
to  150  amperes  can  be  transmitted  by  means  of  overhead  con- 
ductors which  arc  more  economical  at  low  speeds  with  the  type 
of  suspension  ordinarily  employed  at  pressures  of  600  volts,  but 
with  double  insulation. 

An  advantage  in  favour  of  continuous  current  is  that  for  the 
same  amount  of  current  there  is  a  smaller  loss  in  the  return 
circuit;  on  the  other  hand,  there  is  the  question  of  electrolysis 
to  be  considered.  Also  high-tension  continuous  current  does 
not  cause  disturbances  in  neighbouring  telegraph  and  telephone 
lines. 

Without  entering  into  a  detailed  examination,  it  may  reason- 
ably be  inferred  that  with  (1)  the  same  internal  diameter,  (2) 
the  same  length  of  iron,  and  (3)  the  same  weight  of  copper  for 
the  windings,  it  will  be  possible  to  obtain  the  same  torque 
in  normal  working  whether  the  motor  be  wound  for  continuous 
current  or  be  a  three-phase  induction  motor. 

The  commutator  segments  and  the  brushes  in  the  case  of  the 
high-tension  machine  will  be  heavier  than  collecting  rings  and 
their  brushes,  but  the  laminations  of  induction  motors  have  to 
be  held  in  the  frame.  Thus  I  think  that  the  difference  in  weight 
for  a  given  peripheral  speed  will  not  be  of  such  a  nature  as  to 
make  the  continuous-current  motor  compare  unfavourably  with 
the  three-phase  motor. 

The  single-phase  motor  is  clearly  heavier,  but  especially  for 
low  frequencies  the  difference  is  not  so  great  as  might  be 
expected.  The  mean  power  in  an  alternating-current  machine 
will  differ  by  only  15  per  cent,  from  the  power  in  a  continuous- 
current  machine,  and  not  by  1/^2  of  this  power. 


'1  iiu  coiitiauoiui  current  motor  and  tliu  thruc  piiaau  motor  ia 
uormul  working  aro  thus  approxi mutely  equal  &•  ri-gitrdi  weight 
fur  tiiu  saniu  cupper  or  iron  loHnea. 

Ill  thu  uuricu  niolur  Ihu  lorquu  iiicreufes  nioru  rapidly  thao 
the  current.  Aiiulher  advuiilugu  in  lliut  llio  l<jiiiiea  diuiiuiib 
rapidly  with  thu  load  in  the  aurieit  uiulur.  1  li'i  ..lUiutatioo  it 
very  good,  because  (1)  the  air-gap  can  bo  iucreosed  lo  aa  to 
reduce  thu  cruss  flux  duo  to  thu  umpere-lurna  o(  thu  armature 
reactiun,  and  (2)  thu  sulf-iuductiuu  of  Iho  coils  undergoing 
cuiiiuiutation  decreases  autoDiuticully  with  tlio  load  owing  lu  the 
Huturuliou  of  thu  teeth  in  the  path  uf  thu  field  flux. 

It  is  usclcMti  lu  attempt  to  maku  high  teiuiiou  contiuuoua- 
current  traction  practicable  at  a  prensuru  exceeding  761)  volts 
unless  thu  cummutatiuu  is  perfect,  llieru  is  uo  ipeciai  tecboi- 
cal  ditliculty,  and  it  seems  to  mu  that  the  pressure  of  1,20U  volt« 
per  motor  should  be  easily  reached  when  multiple  units  aro 
umpluycd,  and  1,50U  volts  when  the  motor  is  placed  inside  a 
locomotive.  A  locomotive  of  2,00U  h.p.  at  3,0UU  volts  could  thus 
be  constructed  with  two  motors  in  series  or  motors  having  two 
commutators.  Thu  current  required  would  then  be  approxi- 
mately 6U0  amperes. 

Nowadays  thu  capacity  of  a  motor  is  limited  rather  by  heat- 
ing than  by  difficulties  of  cummutation.  The  use  of  aluminium 
seems  very  suitable  for  the  rotors.  The  increase  of  electrical 
resistance  can  be  largely  compensated  by  the  increase  in  the 
peripheral  speed  for  lUe  same  centrifugal  force.  The  improve- 
ment in  the  cutting  of  gears  has  been  very  great,  and  we  need 
not  bo  afraid  of  using  reduction  gear,  which  a  few  years  ago 
could  nut  have  been  thought  of.  The  working  of  the  Citroen 
gear  for  the  electric  locomotives  of  Lotschberg  is  so  perfect  that 
the  noise  of  the  brushes  on  the  commutator  is  alone  audible. 
hiince  the  capacity  is  limited  by  the  heating,  it  is  important  to 
cool  the  motors  by  ventilation.  The  increase  of  peripheral 
speeds  on  the  one  hand,  and  of  ventilation  on  the  other,  will 
allow  the  weight  of  the  motors  to  be  reduced  by  about  60  per 
cent. 

The  series-parallel  method  of  regulating  the  speed  is  exclu- 
sively employed  if  each  motor  is  so  constructed  as  to  be  able 
to  withstand  the  total  pressure.  When  each  motor  ia  designed 
for  only  half  the  total  pressure  (Westinghouse),  series-parallel 
working  is  used  with  two  groups  of  motors,  each  group  consist- 
ing of  two  motors  in  series.  With  the  latter  method,  it  is  to 
be  feared  that  slipping  may  cause  an  undue  pressure  to  come 
on  one  motor.  Protecting  relays  can  easily  be  designed,  but 
practice  has  shown  their  uselessnesa,  as  they  cannot  withstand 
such  abnormal  rushes  of  current  as  are  easily  withstood  by  the 
motors  themselves. 

Begeuerative  working  can  be  obtained  on  gradients  by  excit- 
ing the  field  magnets  of  the  motor  by  means  of  an  auxiliary 
exciter  forming  part  of  a  small  independent  motor-generator. 

Where  starting  and  stopping  are  frequent,  the  energy  dissi- 
pated in  the  resistance,  or  lost  as  heat  in  the  brakes,  may  be 
considerable.  But  regulation  at  all  speeds,  and  also  braking, 
can  be  obtained  under  really  quite  simple  conditions  by  making 
use  of  the  increase  of  peripheral  velocity  and  of  the  ventilation 
which  this  can  be  made  to  give.  An  apparently  simple  solution 
is  the  use  of  boosters  on  one  or  more  cars.  If  the  voltage  of  the 
booster  can  be  supposed  to  vary  from  —  V  to  +  V,  V  being  the 
voltage  of  the  line,  the  possibility  of  obtaining  all  speeds  with- 
out wasteful  losses  of  energy  other  than  the  normal  losses  of  the 
set,  can  immediately  be  seen.  Great  peripheral  speeds  and 
artificial  cooling  make  this  solution  the  one  to  be  adopted. 

The  Compagnie  Geuerale  d'Electricite  de  Creil  has  the  rights 
in  France  and  its  colonies  of  the  Siemens-Schuckert  system, 
and  in  1912  it  had  constructed,  or  had  in  course  of  construction, 
apparatus  for  14  installations  with  motors  working  at  from  1,000 
to  1,200  volts.  Two  important  installations  have  been  in  service 
since  1906.  At  Maizieres-Sainte-Marie  are  three  55-ton  loco- 
motives, each  fitted  with  four  motors  grouped  in  pairs  in  series 
across  2,000  volts.  Each  motor  is  of  160  h.p.,  and  the  weight 
of  the  trains  is  from  200  to  300  tons. 

The  Westinghouse  Electric  Manufacturing  Company,  of  Pitts- 
burg, has  installed  a  number  of  high-tension  continuous-current 
installations,  and  in  particular  several  locomotives  in  America. 

Two  motors  are  always  connected  in  series  across  1,200  to 
1,500  volts,  so  that  each  motor  is  subjected  to  only  half  that 
pressure. 

The  Compagnie  Fran9aise  Thomson-Houston  and  the  General 
Electric  Company  of  America  have  specially  developed  high- 
tension  continuous-current  traction.  Four  installations  in  Italy, 
designed  for  1,200  volts  and  motors  of  45  h.p.,  and  17  in  America 
with  motors  of  from  50  to  300  h.p.,  may  be  mentioned.  About 
two-thirds  of  the  installations  are  more  than  50  kilometres  long. 
In  the  greater  number  of  cases  the  motors  are  coupled  in  pairs 
in  series  across  1,200  volts,  the  pressure  per  motor  thus  being 
600  volts. 

The  Brown-Boveri  Company  has  carried  out  various  instal- 
lations, and  in  particular  it  has  made  controllers  for  use  at  high 
pressures. 

Heavy  traffic  is  a  favourable  factor  for  high-tension  continu- 
ous-current traction.  The  advantages  of  continuous  current  are 
principally  the  large  starting  torque,  the  quality  of  the  commu- 
tation (which  is  shown  by  the  small  wear  of  the  commutator  and 
the  brushes),  and  the  light  coaches.  On  the  other  hand,  there 
are  the  drawbacks  of  the  use  of  an  exposed  high-tension  rotating 
part — particularly  dangerous  in  damp  localities — the  use  of  a 
commutator,  and  the  control  of  the  large  currents  necessary 
when  a  large  amount  of  power  is  required. 

All  traction,  whether  on  a  large  or  small  scale,  is  tending 
undoubtedly  and  rapidly  towards  electrical  working,  the  weight 
of  the  apparatus  and  the  cost  of  the  lines  being  capable  of 
further  marked  diminution. 

(To  he  continued.) 


884 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVLEW.         [Vol  72.  No.  i.ssa,  may  30,  1913. 


LEGAL 


OSBAii  Lamp  Works,  Ltd.,  r.  Loois  Schloss  i  Co. 

This  infringement  action  came  before  Mr.  Justice  Neville  in  the 
Chancery  Division  on  Friday,  May  23rd,  on  a  motion  for  judgment 
in  default  of  defence. 

Mb.  J.  HuNTEK  Gray,  representing:  the  plaintiffs,  said  that  they 
sued  in  respect  of  two  patents,  one  of  1904  and  the  other,  \o. 
18,622  of  1H06.  In  the  particulars  of  breaches,  it  was  alksred  that 
on  January  7th,  1913,  the  defendants  sold  150  lamps  which  were 
constructed  in  aocordance  with  the  plaintiffs'  patents.  There  was 
no  defence,  and  he  asked  for  the  usual  order — for  an  injunction  to 
restrain  infringement,  for  delivery  up  of  the  infringing  articles, 
for  an  inquiry  as  to  damages,  and  for  the  costs  of  the  action  as 
between  solicitor  and  client.  The  costs  of  the  inquiry  would  be 
reserved. 

His  Lordship  :  Why  solicitor  and  client  costs  .' 

Mr.  Gray  said  that  an  action  had  been  originally  tried,  and  the 
plaintiffs  had  been  granted  a  certificate  of  validity  of  their  patent 
by  Mr.  Justice  Warrington.  According  to  the  rules,  therefore,  the 
plaintiffs  were  entitled  to  solicitor  and  client  costs. 

The  defendants  did  not  appear,  and  his  Lordship  made  the  order 
as  asked. 


OsBAM  Lamp  Works,  Ltd,  c.  Apple. 

In  the  Chancery  Division  on  May  27th  inst.,  before  Mr. 
Justice  Warrington,  Mr.  J.  H.  Gray  moved  for  judgment  in  default 
of  defence  in  this  action. 

His  Lordship  :  The  only  question  I  want  to  be  satisfied  about  is 
the  form  of  the  order  for  costs.     What  is  the  section  of  the  Act .' 

Mb.  Gray  :  Section  35. 

Mr.  Cal\'ert  :  I  appear  for  the  defendant,  and  I  have  an 
affidavit  showing  that  there  has  been  an  agreement  between  the 
parties  that  a  certain  sum  should  be  paid  for  damages  and  costs. 

Mb.  Gray'  :  I  did  not  know  my  friend  was  going  to  appear. 

Mb.  Calvert  :  We  submit  to  a  perpetual  injunction  and  £10  lOs. 
for  costs  and  damages,  if  any. 

His  Lordship  said  the  defendant  did  not  submit  to  an  injunc- 
tion at  first.  He  must  deal  with  the  matter  strictly.  He  had  got 
the  statement  of  claim  and  the  certificate  as  to  validity,  and  that 
was  not  denied,  the  plaintiffs  were  entitled  to  the  relief  they  asked. 
His  Lordship  then  gave  judgment  for  a  perpetual  injunction, 
inquiry  as  to  damages,  the  payment  of  damages  after  certificate, 
and  payment  of  costs  according  to  the  Act,  the  costs  of  the  inquiry 
being  reserved. 


Gbivfik   r.   The   A.E.G.   Electeical  Co.  of  SorTH  Africa. 

In  the  King's  Bench  Division,  before  Mr.  Justice  Scrutton,  this  case 
was  mentioned  for  settlement. 

Mb.  Sylvain  Mayer,  who  was  with  Mr.  H.  E.  Duke,  K.C.  (for 
the  plaintiff),  said  his  Lordship  had  reserved  this  action  to  be  tried 
on  Monday  week,  but  now  the  Court  would  not  be  troubled  with  it. 
The  parties  had  entered  into  an  arrangement,  and  he  thought  the 
proper  order  would  be  that  the  action  should  be  stayed  on  the  terms 
agreed.     There  would  be  a  Judge's  order,  if  necessary. 

Mr.  Croom  Johnstone  (for  the  defendants)  :  That  will  include 
the  payment  out  to  the  defendants  of  £57  14s.  Id.  paid  into  Court. 

His  Lordship  agreed. 


X.L.  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 


In  the  Chancery  Division  on  May  23rd,  Mr.  Justice  Warrington, 
on  the  motion  of  the  plaintiff  in  the  debenture-holder's  action  of 
Wiener  r.  X.L.  Electric  Co.,  Ltd  ,  appointed  a  receiver  and  manager 
of  the  company.  Mr.  Arthur  Sims,  for  the  plaintiff,  said  there 
were  six  debentures  issued  to  the  plaintiff  by  the  company.  They 
were  not  part  of  a  series,  but  were  issued  successively,  and  each 
stood  by  itself.  The  principal  moneys  amounted  to  iC  4,000.  No 
interest  had  been  paid  by  the  company  to  the  plaintiff.  According 
to  the  conditions  contained  in  the  debentures  when  the  interest  on 
any  of  the  debentures  was  in  arrear  for  a  month,  the  principal 
money  became  payable.  The  company  were  manufacturers 
of  electric  clocks,  the  motive  power  being  electricity.  It  was 
important  that  various  contracts  entered  into  should  be  carried  out. 

Mb.  Jennings,  for  the  company,  consented  to  judgment  in  the 
action. 

His  Lordship  thereupon  granted  the  usual  judgment  in  a 
debenture-holder's  action.  As  to  the  receiver  and  manager,  he 
limited  managership  to  October  20th. 


Tba.mway  Company  Sued  for  £1,000. 

An  action  has  been  raised  in  the  Court  of  Session  by  a  Renton 
dealer,  who  sues  the  Dumbarton  Durgh  and  County  Tramways  Co., 
Ltd  ,  for  X  1,000  damages  in  respect  of  personal  injuries.  Pursuer 
alleges  that  one  of  the  wheels  of  a  float  he  was  driving  caught 
against  the  side  of  one  of  the  tram  rails.  The  rim  was  wrenched 
off  and  the  wheel  collapsed,  with  the  result  that  pursuer  was 
thrown  from  the  top  of  the  float  and  seriously  injured.  He  alleges 
that  at  the  point  where  the  accident  happened,  the  setts  bad 
become  sunken  below  the  level  of  the  rails.  Defenders  deny  that 
the  roadway  was  defective. 


Girlinq  r.  Fell. 

In  the  King's  Bench  Division  on  May  23rd,  Mr.  Justice  Pickford 
heard  this  action,  in  which  Mr.  Harry  Percy  Girling,  an  electrical 
engineer,  of  Maldon,  claimed  from  Mrs.  Fell,  a  lady  residing  at 
Maldon  Hall,  £1.34  in  respect  of  work  done  in  connection  with 
electric  lighting  and  heating.  The  lady  disputed  the  claim  on  the 
ground  that  the  installation  was  not  satisfactory  in  its  results. 

Mr.  GiRLiNc  gave  evidence  in  support  of  his  claim,  stating  that, 
having  heard  that  Mrs.  Fell  was  about  to  take  the  Hall,  he 
approached  her  with  a  view  to  inducing  her  to  have  the  house  elec- 
trically fitted  instead  of  using  gas,  which  the  landlord  had  agreed 
to  lay  in  free  of  charge.  She  agreed  to  use  electricity  if  her 
landlord  would  undertake  the  expense  for  the  installation.  The 
landlord  consented,  and  Messrs.  Sadd  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  agreed  to  bring 
the  mains  to  the  houf e  free  of  charge.  Messrs.  Sadd  k  Sons,  he 
said,  were  timber  merchants  having  a  great  deal  of  wood  refuse, 
which  they  used  for  a  large  gas-producing  plant  for  the  supply  of 
electricity  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  locality.  He  (plaintiff)  did 
their  local  work,  and  he  had  an  arrangement  by  which  he  was  paid 
a  small  salary,  in  return  for  which  he  put  in  work  on  advantageous 
terms,  involving  a  certain  percentage  on  materials  and  labour.  The 
mains  were  installed  to  the  house  by  Messrs.  Sadd  under  the 
arrangement,  and  he  wired  the  house.  He  had  had  many  interviews 
with  the  defendant  as  to  what  she  would  like  in  regard  to 
appliances. 

His  Lordship  :  Where  did  the  mains  come  to  ? 

Plaintiff  said  they  came  across  private  grounds,  were  fixed  to 
a  chimney  of  the  house,  and  then  passed  down  to  a  meter  where 
Messrs.  Sadd's  work  ended  and  his  work  began.  He  explained  to 
the  lady  that  the  main  would  not  be  sufficient  to  supply  all  the 
heating  apparatus  she  required,  and  that  Messrs.  Sadd  would 
supply  a  booster,  which  would  make  up  for  any  deficiency.  The 
booster  would  cost  about  £17,  but  an  additional  main  to  produce 
the  same  result  would  run  into  three  figures  in  pounds.  The  ques- 
tion of  the  capacity  of  the  main,  however,  had  nothing  to  do  with 
his  contract.  Messrs.  Sadd  had  the  booster  ready  at  their  works, 
but  would  not  put  it  in  as  the  defendant  had  not  paid  her  bill 
for  the  energy  supplied  during  the  previous  quarter. 

Mr.  Herbert  Eustace  Sadd,  director  of  Sadd  i:  Co.,  Ltd., 
said  that  his  company  produced  electricity  as  a  by-product.  The 
main  was  put  in  in  this  case  at  a  cost  of  £80,  and  the  company 
looked  for  payment  by  the  current  supplied. 

For  the  defence,  Mr.  Herbert  Dudley  Barlow,  electrical  engi- 
neer, put  in  a  report  which  he  had  made  as  the  result  of  an  inspec- 
tion of  the  work,  the  effect  of  which  was  that  he  had  no  fault  to 
find  with  the  wiring,  although  the  supply  was  insufficient  for  both 
heating  and  lighting. 

The  defendant  herself  did  not  appear  to  give  evidence. 

His  Lordship,  without  calling  upon  counsel  for  the  plaintiff  to 
reply,  gave  judgment.  He  said  that  an  electrical  installation 
must  always  depend  upon  the  facts  of  the  particular  case,  and 
might  be  anything,  from  the  setting  up  of  generators  to  the  mere 
wiring.  In  this  case  the  contract  w^as  for  work  necessary  after 
passing  the  meter  for  lighting  and  heating  with  plugs  and 
switching,  and  the  plaintiff  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  mains. 
The  work  of  providing  the  mains,  fixing  the  meters,  and  supplying 
the  current  was  with  Messrs.  Sadd  A;  Co.,  and  the  plaintiff  was 
right  when  he  told  the  defendant  what  was  necessary  to  secure 
proper  heating  power  with  lighting  at  the  same  time.  Messrs. 
Sadd  were  perfectly  willing  to  do  everything  necessary  to  give  the 
proper  voltage,  but  they  did  not  do  it  because  the  lady  would  net 
pay  their  bill,  and  the  defendant's  refusal  to  pay  the  plaintiff  fcr 
the  work  he  had  done  did  not  appear  to  be  on  account  of  defective 
work.  Judgment  must,  therefore,  be  for  the  plaintiff  for  the 
amount  claimed  with  costs.  t 

Judgment  was  entered  accordingly. 


In  re  The  Adams  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd. 

Application  was  made  to  Mr.  Justice  Neville,  in  the  Chancery 
Division,  at  the  sitting  of  the  Court,  on  Tuesday,  May  27th,  with 
reference  to  the  sale  of  certain  property  to  which  the  sanction  of 
the  judge  was  required.  Counsel  stated  that  a  summons  was  taken 
out  in  a  debenture-holders'  action  returnable  on  May  23rd,  but 
there  was  then  not  sufficient  expert  evidence  to  enable  the  Master 
the  deal  with  the  matter.  It  came  again  before  him  on  May  26th, 
and  was  adjourned  by  his  Lordship  It  was  necessary  that  the 
matter  should  be  speedily  dealt  with,  or  the  proposed  contract 
might  go  off. 

His  Lordship  said  he  would  deal  with  the  summons  that  aftei-^ 
noon  in  Chambers,  after  the  company  winding-up  business  wM 
disposed  of. 


Holidays. — We  have  received  a  copy  of  a  most  attrao 

tively  got-up  little  book  of  between  60  and  71)  pages,  entitled,  '  Ta 
the  Continent."  It  is  issued  by  the  Great  Eastern  Railway  Co., 
and  by  means  of  admirable  facsimile  water  colour  picture! 
interests  the  reader  in  the  company  s  Harwich  route  to  the  Con- 
tinent. A  postcard  to  the  Continental  manager  at  Liverpool  Street 
Station,  London,  EC,  will  bring  a  copy  to  any  of  our  readers. 


ij 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,8B:i,  Mat  :tO,  191.1.1 


Tr[K    l]LV]C'nilCMj    UKY]K\V. 


H85 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 


The  "  Mogo-Motor "  Insulation  Testing  Set. 

This  inBtrument,  which  is  Hupplicd  by  tho  Ki.kctkioat,  Enoinukfi- 
INO  ANi>  EgnriiENT  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  111.  Now  Oxford  Street,  W.C., 
baR  been  rcmodolled  wnd  improved.  It  is  deHi(jncd  to  meet  the 
demand  for  a  atronp  reliable  innulation  teHtinj;  net  that  in  Hudlciently 
accurate  for  everyday  teHtintr  work.  In  princi|)le  it  ih  very  nimilar 
to  other  well-known  toKtintr  sets  on  the  market. 

It  contains  a  direct-current  generator,  supplyinpr  current  at 
either  240  or  4K0  voltn.  This  generator  is  uned  in  connection  with 
a  movin(j-coil  indicatinpr  pystem,  the  dial  of  which  is  calibrated 
direct  in  mefrohms,  and  also  has  a  volt  scale. 

The  construction  of  the  instrument  is  simple  and  Btronp,  and, 
its  weijjht  beinp  only  1 1  lb.,  it  can  readily  be  carried  about. 

The  standard  2 10- volt  set  is  arranged  so  that  tests  can  be  made 
at  either  120  or  240  volts,  and  the  480-volt  instrument  so  that 
tests  at  480  and  240  volts  can  be  made. 

As  a  volt  scale  as  well  as  a  megohm  scale  is  provided,  the  instru- 
ment can  be  used  as  a  testiniif  voltmeter,  provided  the  voltajre  to 
be  measured  is  within  the  ranpe  of  the  instrument ;  it  is  suitable 


Fig.  1. — The  "Mego-Metek." 


for  direct-current  voltage  only.  Also,  when  testing  the  insulation 
resistance  of  an  installation  that  is  carrying  current,  the  voltage  of 
the  installation  itself  can  be  used  for  testing  purposes  instead  of 
the  generator  voltage. 

The  complete  instrument  is  mounted  in  a  polished  walnut  case, 
complete  with  carrying  strap.  The  generator  operating  handle  is 
detachable,  and  is  fitted  inside  the  instrument  when  not  in  use. 

If  desired,  extra  terminals  can  be  fitted,  and  with  the  use  of 
separate  shunts,  current  measurements  can  be  made,  using  the  indi- 
cating part  of  the  testing  set  as  an  amperemeter. 


A  New  Pulley. 

Messes.  John  Jardine.  of  Nottingham,  have  just  introduced 
a  new  cast-iron  pulley,  shown  in  fig.  2,  the  peculiar  design  of 
which  is  the  outcome  of  considerable  study,  with  a  view  to  over- 
coming the  well-known  defects  of  the  ordinary  cast  pulley.     It  will 


Fig.  2.— The  Jardine  Pulley. 


be  noticed  that  the  arms,  odd  in  number,  are  on  the  tangent  prin- 
ciple, giving  better  facilities  for  contraction  when  cooling  after 
casting  ;  the  rim  is  of  light  section,  but  is  strengthened  by  a  web 


brlwocn  the  armH.  The  pulley  In  h»f)l.h  light  ami  Hirimu,  <  i,'X-  no 
tmiri:  than  other  i;aMt  piilloyM,  and  hai  boon  hucci-h'T  j!ly  rjwd  by 
till'  iiiakerH  for  Home  time. 

Siemens   Lump   OhRniror. 

Mkrhrh.  Siicmkns  Ilito.4.  Dy.namo  Wobkh,  Ltd.,  of  Tyiwen 
Street,  DaUton,  London,  .N  K.,  have  i^cnt  uh  particularn  of  the  ni;w 
lamp  obscurer  which  they  have  recently  placed  on  the  market. 
The  Sicmcn.><  ob<'cnrer  iH  a  fluid  which  etchcH  the  kIoiui.  leaving  an 
even  matt  surface.  Its  application  Ih  extremely  Himple,  the  acid 
being  simply  poured  into  n  container  nntliciently  large  to  take  the 
lump  or  any  other  article  it  is  de»ired  to  obscure.  The  nnrface  of 
the  glass  should,  in  the  first  place,  be  cleane<]  to  ensure  that  it  la 
free  from  dirt  and  grease  :  the  article  is  then  immerne*!  in  the  acid 
for  a  fKiriod  of  from  4  to  10  seconds.  It  hac  then  only  to  drain  for 
about  a  minute,  and  afterwards  to  be  thoroughly  wa»he<l  to  remove 
all  traces  of  milky  film  from  the  glass.  It  can  then  \ie  dried  off 
with  a  clean  cloth  and  the  operation  is  complete.  Heating  iH  not 
at  all  necessary,  either  in  the  ca.se  of  the  article  to  be  oljecnred  or 
of  the  obscurer  -,  neither  is  it  necessary  to  place  the  lamp*  on 
circuit  during  the  operation. 

We  have  before  us  a  piece  of  glass  which  has  t>een  oljscured  by 
this  process,  and  certainly  the  surface  obtained  appears  to  be  of 
excellent  quality.  The  obscurer  is  supplied  in  strong  s€ale<l  kegg, 
but  owing  to  the  demand  experienced,  arrangements  have  been 
made  also  to  supply  it  in  specially  prepared  earthenware  jars. 


OUR  LEGAL  QUERY  COLUMN. 

[Quettiont  add/retted  to  thit  colvmn   thovld   he  trrUtfn  on  one  fide 
of  the  paper  cmly.^ 


"  Cycle  "  writes  : — "  One  of  our  friends  some  short  time  ago 
installed  the  electric  light  in  a  house  tenanted  by  him  from  the 
landlord.  He  paid  for  the  complete  installation,  and  did  not, 
as  we  believe  is  sometimes  done,  ask  the  landlord  to  bear  the 
expense  of  the  wiring  only,  himself  providing  the  necessary  drops 
and  fittings. 

"  He  now  wishes  to  leave  the  house,  and  has  been  in  communica- 
tion with  the  landlord  as  to  what  he  will  allow  him  for  the  elec- 
trical equipment  just  as  it  stands.  The  landlord,  however,  offers 
only  a  very  low  figure,  which  the  tenant  does  not  at  present  see  his 
way  to  accept.  He  now  proposes  to  remove  the  lamps  and  all  the 
special  fittings  up  to  the  ceiling  rose,  which,  we  believe,  is  usually 
done,  but  we  should  be  extremely  obliged  if  you  w(Mild  inform 
us  how  he  stands  regarding  the  wiring  up  to  the  ceiling  rose.  Can 
he  legally  remove  the  wires  from  the  casing  and  take  down  the 
casings,  thus  rendering  the  installation  practically  useless  .' "' 

*^*  It  would  seem  that  the  tenant  is  very  much  in  the  hands  of 
the  landlord.  A  tenant  is  entitled  to  movables,  but  not  to  fixtures, 
the  maxim  qtiicquid  plaiitatur  sohi,  xclo  cedit  applying  to  vest  in  the 
landlord  everything  which  has  become  aiBxed  to  the  premises. 
In  the  matter  of  electrical  fittings,  the  line  seems  to  be  drawn 
between  those  parts  of  an  installation  which  are  necessarily  of  a 
permanent  character  and  those  parts  which  may  be  altered  to  suit 
the  fancy  of  a  particular  tenant.  Regard  must  also  be  had  to  the 
extent  to  which  any  particular  article  is  annexed  to  the  freehold. 
For  instance,  wires  embedded  in  the  plaster  of  a  wall  could  not,  by 
any  stretch  of  imagination,  be  regarded  as  a  fixture  which  a  tenant 
was  entitled  to  remove.  On  the  other  hand,  to  go  to  the  other 
extreme  it  is  clear  that  a  mere  incandescent  lamp  could  not  possibly 
be  looked  up  as  the  property  of  the  landlord.  The  following  views 
were  expressed  in  the  Electrical  Review  October  11th,  1912, 
at  p.  .593— (a)  Wires  and  wire-casing  vest  in  the  landlord  ;  (*) 
switches  and  distribution  boards,  being  articles  of  a  permanent 
character,  vest  in  the  landlord  ;  (<•)  lamp- brackets,  often  being 
fanciful  in  design  and  capable  of  being  moved  without  doing 
damage,  are  the  property  of  the  tenant  ;  ((/)  a  transformer  would 
be  tenant's  property  ;  (c)  ceiling  roses  are  very  much  on  the  border 
line.  As  they  are  generally  ornamental  objects,  they  should  be 
treated  as  tenant's  fixtures  :  (/)  wall- sockets  would  be  tenant's 
fixtures  inasmuch  as  they  can  be  easily  removed  and  replaced  by  a 
permanent  connection  to  a  wall  or  bracket  lamp. 

With  regard  to  wires  enclosed  in  casing,  it  will  be  seen  from  the 
foregoing  that  these  would  not  be  regarded  as  tenant's  fixtnres. 


Bradford  Strike. — The  electricians'  strike  at  Bradford 
has  not  yet  terminated,  though  it  has  been  in  progress  for  the  past 
seven  or  eight  months.  The  men  came  out  for  an  advance  in  wages 
to  9d.  an  hour.  This  the  masters  refused  to  grant,  and  the  city 
was  flooded  with  non-Union  men,  who  were  engaged  at  Sid.  per 
hour.  The  Union  men  offered  to  go  back  at  this  figure,  but  the 
masters  would  not  dispose  cf  the  services  of  the  ncn-Union  men 
whom  they  had  taken  on  when  the  strike  commenced.  The  Trades 
and  Labour  Council,  at  a  meeting  last  week,  passed  a  resolution  pro- 
testing against  the  action  of  the  Electrical  Contractors'  Association 
in  paying  Sid.  per  hour  to  non-Union  men  and  refusing  to  pay  the 
same  rate  of  wages  to  Union  men. 


886 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW.        [voi.  72.  No.  i,85;i,  mat  30, 1913. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Advertising  Electric  Power. — Tiie  rnion  des  Ex- 
ploitations Electriquea  en  Belgrique  has  recently  issued  a  couple  of 
striking  posters,  with  the  object  of  drawinp  attention  to  the  advan- 
tages of  electric  power.  They  are  entitled  "  Autrefois "  and 
'■  Maintenant  "  ("  Then  "  and  "  Now  ").  The  first  shows  the  whole 
staff  of  a  small  works  tugging  round  a  fly-wheel  in  an  unsuccessful 


Then.  Now 

attempt  to  start  the  gas  engine.  In  the  second  picture  the  gas 
engine  is  replaced  by  an  electric  motor,  above  which  is  a  notice  to 
the  effect  that  it  is  only  necessary  to  move  the  switch  to  put  it  in 
imtion. 

"Tricity"  Kitchen  at  Barrow-in-Furness. — In  the 

accompanying  illustration  we  show  the  "  Tricity "  equipment 
which  has  been  installed  at  the  house  of  Aid.  J.  P.  Smith,  Barrow- 
in-Furness.    In  addition  to  the  apparatus  here  shown    there  are 


"Teicity"  Kitchbn"'at  I  Barrow. 


two  more  single  cookers  which  can  be  used  on  a  table  placed  in 
front  of  the  kitchen  range,  controlled  by  two  panels  similar  to  those 
shown  in  the  illustration.  These  are  for  either  heating  an  urn  or 
for  grilling  operations.  The  hot  water  supply  of  the  house  is  taken 
care  of  by  an  independent  coke  stove  which  ha.s  been  fixed  near  the 


kitchen  range.  The  installation  has  only  recently  been  completed, 
but  we  understand  that  the  average  consumption  for  cooking  for  a 
household  of  five  adults,  is  eight  units  per  day.  During  the 
second  week  in  May  a  series  of  lectures  and  demonstrations  was 
given  by  the  British  Electric  Transioumee  Co.,  and  the 
Corporation  has  decided  to  hire  "  Tricity  "  cookers  to  its  consumers. 

Consular  Notes.  —  Peru.  —  The  British  Consul  at 
Iquitos,  in  a  recent  report,  states  that  the  first  telegraph  communi- 
cation there  with  Lima  was  established  lin  1908,  with  five  wireless 
and  11  telegraphic  relays  between  Iquitos  and  Lima.  Early  in 
June  last  direct  communication  was  estab- 
lished between  the  new  tower  erected  at 
Iquitos  and  that  on  the  Cerro  San  Cris- 
tobel,  near  Lima.  The  tower  at  Iquitos  is 
100  metres  high,  and  is  constructed  of 
trussed  steel  balanced  on  an  insulated 
point.  The  power  is  25  kw.,  and  the  wave 
length  1,000  to  4,000  metres.  The  system 
used  is  the  Telefunken  singing  spark.  On 
June  15th  last,  the  new  system  was 
inaugurated  and  public  messages  were 
accepted  for  transmission ;  since  then  an 
excellent  service  has  been  maintained. 
Between  Iquitos  and  Lima  the  cost  per 
word  for  messages  in  Spanish  for  a  mini- 
mum of  10  words  is  24  cents  (6d.),  and 
this  is  doubled  for  messages  in  a  foreign 
language  or  in  code.  Iqnitos  has  been 
from  time  to  time  in  direct  communication 
with  Manaos,  Para,  and  other  stations  out- 
side Peru,  but  so  far  commercial  messages 
have  not  been  received  for  transmission, 
although  private  telegrams  have  been  dis- 
patched by  special  request.  It  is  to  be 
hoped  that  some  arrangement  will  be  made 
between  the  Peruvian  and  Brazilian  Govern- 
ments to  permit  direct  intercommunication 
between  Iquitos  and  Manaos  on  a  commercial 
basis.  The  tower  formerly  in  use  in  Iquitos 
was  recently  dismantled,  and  has  since  been 
erected  at  El  Encanto,  in  the  Putumayo 
region.  lixperimental  messages  have 
already  been  received  from  the  new  station 
at  El  Encanto. 
Cape  Verde  Islands.— The  British  Consul  reports  that  the 
concessions  for  the  electric  lighting  of  Mindello  and  Praya  have 
not  yet  been  granted.  This  installation  is  likely  to  be  one  of  the 
first  of  many  prospective  improvements. 

Norway. — Probably  more  small  towns  and  hamlets  in  Norway 
use  electricity  than  in  any  other  country,  owing  to  the  abundance 
of  water  power.  An  American  Consul  states  that  in  the  country 
districts  not  only  are  there  plants  for  each  collection  of  five  or  six 
houses,  but  in  many  cases  even  small  farms  have  their  own 
generating  plants.  In  Christiania  the 
electrical  plant  Eristiania  Elektricitetsverk 
is  owned  and  managed  by  the  city.  The 
plant  was  built  in  1891  by  a  German  firm 
and  cost  about  £450,000,  of  which  about 
£275,000  has  already  been  paid  off  out  of 
profits.  The  plant  was  originally  fitted 
completely  with  German  machinery,  but 
the  unit  recently  added  was  made  in 
Norway.  All  current  consumed  in  Christiania 
is  sent  out  from  the  city  plant,  but  only 
about  one-third  of  it  is  generated  there. 
The  city  purchases  6,500  KW.  of  alternating 
current  from  the  Kykkelsrud  Co.,  which 
generates  electricity  from  the  waterfalls 
at  Kykkelsrud,  40  miles  from  Christiania  ; 
1,9.'>0  KW.  of  alternating  current  ii 
obtained  from  the  city's  plant  at  the 
Hammer  waterfall,  in  the  Maridalsvand 
or  Maridals  Lake  district,  seven  milea 
from  the  city  ;  and  about  4,000  kw.  is 
generated  at  the  city  plant  by  steam. 
Of  the  4,000  KW.,  2,400  is  alternatiag 
and  1,600  d.c,  but  it  is  all  transformed  to 
direct.  The  direct  current  is  used  in  the 
centre  of  the  city,  and  the  alternating, 
which  is  50  cycles  per  second,  in  the  less 
congested  parts  and  in  the  suburbs.  The 
voltage  used  is  2S0  volts.  Both  currents 
are  supplied  night  and  day.  The  total 
power  used  in  this  same  year,  lyll,  was 
about  10,000  KW.,  of  which  .3,s5'.t  was  D.c. 
and  the  balance  alternating.  Of  the 
latter,  1,346  KW.  was  furnished  to  the 
street-car  companies.  Notwithstanding  the 
large  profit  made  by  the  city,  energy  is 
furnished  to  consumers  at  very  low  prices. 
For  lighting  purposes  the  rates  per  k\v.- 
hour,  during  the  last  10  years,  have  been 
as  follows  :  1902  and  190:i,  63  d.  ;  1904, 
5id. ;  1905  to  1910,  4d. ;  1911,  ;ijd.  For 
trade  purposes  the  rate  has  always 
been  the  present  one,  211.  per  Kw.-hour.  On  contracts  the  prices 
are  even  lower.  Thus  t  le  lighting  rate  is  228.  4d.  per  100  watts 
per  year,  and  rates  for  trade  uses  are  about  £5  per  h.p.  up  to 
15,  and  £4  per  H  P.  if  mo.-e  than  15  h.p.  is  used. 
In  other  cities  and  inthejcountry  districts  the  rates  are  also  very 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,Hr,:i,  May  :io,  191 ;!. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


H'il 


'ow.  Alt<!iiiatini;  current  ifunoratod  from  wtttcr  power  i.i  moHtly 
used.  Tht)  nia(;hinury  ih  t^entsrally  of  (Jerman  iimnufacture,  m  also 
are  the  lanipH,  tranHmiuHioii  lineH,  cut-outH,  meturH,  ice.  Komo  of 
the  plants  are  owned  by  the  oommunitiefi  and  others  are  privately 
owned. 

Pnnilllltt.— Accordinif  to  a  report  of  the  Inthmian  Oanal  Com- 
niisBion,  Burvoy  beifan  early  in  December  for  the  location  of  towers 
to  carry  the  electric  tranHiniHwion  lino,  which  will  follow  the 
re-located  lino  of  the  Panama  liailroad  from  Cristobal  to  Balboa, 
connecting  terminal  «ub-HtationH  at  thewe  points.  The  lino  will  be 
fed  mainly  from  the  Gatun  hydro-electric  station,  and  will  be  teed 
into  the  pi'rmanent  etoani  generatintj  station  at  Mirallores. 
Knercy  will  be  transmitted  alonf;  this  lino  at  a  potential 
of  41,000  volts  in  delta  connection,  and  reduced  at  centres  of 
distribution  to  the  requisite  potentials  for  the  operation  of 
machinery  and  for  liprhtinpr.  Kach  tower  is  to  have  a  track-span 
bridge  consisting  of  two  side  frames  connected  by  a  cross- bridfje, 
all  of  skeleton  steel  construction.  The  bridtfo  is  to  support 
duplicate  three-phase  lines,  one  on  either  side  of  the  track,  aRround 
wire  struner  from  the  top  of  each  side  frame,  messenijers  and  cables 
for  duplicate  telephone  trunks  and  for  track  signal  circuits,  and  the 
necessary  messengrers  and  wires  for  a  catenary  trolley  oonstruction 
should  the  Panama  Railroad  be  electrified. 

The  track-span  bridges  will  be  located  from  200  to  300  ft.  apart, 
according  to  the  curvature  of  the  tracks.  Under  the  specifications 
bjing  prepared  preliminary  to  advertising  for  bid.4  on  furni.-<liing 
materials  for  the  line,  725  single-track  and  100  double- track  bridges 
will  be  required,  with  2,000,000  ft.  of  copper  wire,  No.  00,  B.  &  S. 
gauge,  6,500  three-unit  suspension  insulators,  and  1,000  ground 
plates.  Inasmuch  as  the  Commission  has  secured  poor  deliveries 
upon  recent  requirements  of  structural  steel  work,  in  con- 
nection with  unfavourable  prices  of  both  steel  and  copper  in  the 
United  States  market,  foreign  manufacturers  will  be  invited  to 
compete  for  furnishing  materials  for  the  transmission  line. 

Private  Arrangements. — The  Adams  Manuf.acturino 

Co.,  Ltd.,  automobile  and  electrical  engineers,  Balfour  House, 
Finsbury  Pavement,  B.C.,  and  at  Bedford.  The  following  are 
creditors  herein  :  — 

Acme  Electrical  Co 

Ashwell  &  Nisbet 

Aulo-Car 

Piatt's  Advertising  Agency  . . 
Commercial  li!<'lor, 
Concordia  Eleo.  Wiring  Co.  . . 
Continental  Tyre  &  Rubber  Co. 
Cutler  Hammer  Mfg.  Co. 
Elec.  Ordnance  Acoes.  Co.     . . 

Electrical  Times 

Electrical  Ilcriew 

Elec.  Mechanical  Contract  Co. 

Dunlop  Rubber  Co 

Smith's  Timber  Co 

T.R.T.  Copper  Works  . . 

Thomas  Green  &  Co 'ieb 

France, — La  Societe  de  Coxstructio.ns  Mecaniques 

ET  Electriques  (A.scenseur  Systcme  Houplain  &  Elluin)  is  the 
name  of  a  new  company  which  has  lately  been  formed  in  Paris 
(40,  Rue  Bargue),  with  a  capital  of  £20,520. 

More  Lamp  Stories. — All  sorts  of  stories  reach  us  every 
few  days  regarding  what  severe  and  unexpected  ordeals  are  imposed 
upon  tungsten  lamps.  No  doubt  the  reader  is  beginning  to  find 
such  reports  monotonous,  and  to  anticipate  the  result  before  he 
reaches  the  end  of  the  paragraph.  The  latest  account  to  reach  us 
relates  to  a  Mazda  60-watt,  230volt  lamp  installed  at  the  Palace 
Theatre,  West  Hartlepool.  This  lamp  cast  itself  down  from  a 
giddy  height  of  12  ft.  on  to  a  stone  pavement  below.  With  it  it 
carried  a  gallery  and  heavy  bead  shade,  but  when  put  into  the 
holder  again  it  responded  in  the  usual  brilliant  fashion,  absolutely 
indifferent  to  the  folly  of  its  fall  or  the  consequences  thereof.  We 
also  learn  that  when  several  cases  of  Mazda  lamps  underwent  the 
terrors  of  shipwreck,  and  subsequently  had  to  suffer  the  severe 
tortures  of  salvage  operations,  only  1  per  cent,  were  damaged.  Yet 
again  are  we  told  of  a  stage  lighting  batten  of  100  Mazdas,  which 
fell  5  ft.  without  one  single  lamp  having  grazed  its  skin  or 
fractured  its  filament. 

Diploma. — The  British  Thomson-Hoi"Ston  Co.,  Ltd., 

have  been  awarded  a  diploma  of  honour  for  their  exhibit  at  the 
International  Kinematograph  Exhibition,  which  we  described  some 
weeks  ago.  The  main  feature  of  the  exhibit  was  their  '"  Eye-Rest" 
system  of  indirect  lighting. 

Oils  for  Electrical  Work. — The   Sterx   Sonneborn 

Oil  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Royal  London  House,  Finsbury  Square,  London, 
E.C.,  announce  that  recent  improvements  have  enabled  them  to  place 
on  the  market  transformer  oils  which  vary  in  colour  from  almost 
to  absolutely  water  white.  These  oils  are  claimed  to  give  remark- 
able results  as  to  dielectric  strength  and  specific  resistance,  and 
they  are  being  used  by  leading  transformer  manufacturers,  and 
light  and  power  installations.  Another  speciality  is  their  special 
Sternol  white  turbine  oil. 

Motor-Car  Lighting. — Messrs.   0.  A.    Vandervell 

AND  Co.,  manufacturers  of  the  well-known  C.A.V.  car  lighting 
system,  were  adjudged  first  on  all  counts  in  the  competitive  trials 
for  lighting  sets  organised  in  connection  with  the  Turin  Motor 
Exhibition. ' 


£130 

Hopper,  J.,  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

£105 

159 

Hart,  J.  T.,  &  Sons 

220 

208 

Iiookwood,  J.,  &  Co..  Ltd. 

119 

307 

Imperial     Motor     Industries, 

171 

Ltd 

22 

132 

Maundar  Bros 

226 

112 

Matthews,  E.,&Cj 

145 

1,181 

Motor,  Tlie 

144 

200 

Nettletold  &  Bone 

220 

174 

Cutler,  P.R.  Works 

149 

113 

Rochdale  Electric  Co 

280 

116 

J.   Smith  &  Sons   (Norwood), 

2.50 

Ltd 

250 

122 

Clark,  B.,  &  Co.  . . 

113 

149 

Barry  Magneto  Co 

120 

Patent  ApplicatioHH.-  'I'iii:  Wk.hiki!-.   Ki  ' 

Ltd.,   have  appliiMl    for  li;nve  t<>  amend  pat«nt  No    1 

granted  to .1.  K.  KingMbury.  for  "  Improvementii  in  ((rani/  n«iL.  iittn 

OH  applied  to  telrphoni^H  and  thi-  like." 

'I'liK  National  'I'l.i.Kwiin  ku  Co.,  Lti>.,  are  applyinir  for  an 
extennion  of  term  of  patent  No.  21, OtH  of  1  H'.t'j,  ((rante<l  to  Koater 
Ritchie,  for  "  Improvements  in  tolautograpb  apparatoii.  " 

ScottJHh   Depression.— According    t<.  rlu;   Tmin,  "lv,o 

of  the  works  in  (ilntigow  connectfMi  with  the  Malleable  Iron  (,'oni- 
bination  closed  down  on  .Saturday  owing  tn  the  di-arth  of  ordern. 
and  500  men  were  rendered  idle.  Mi-n  were  also  paid  off  at  wveral 
other  works."  A  later  paragraph  from  the  'Jimrt  FMinburgb 
corresimndent  says  that  the  combine  has  "  been  very  \)tn\\y  hit, 
having  already  cloned  down  four  of  itH  1.5  workH.  The  deprc«»ion 
is  the  direct  rcHult  of  speculation  on  the  part  of  local  makers,  who 
declined  to  accept  orders  during  the  boom  exfX'pt  at  higher  prif«3 
than  were  then  quoted  V)y  American  and  Belgian  inakerH.  The 
result  was  that  orders  for  fully  100,000  tons  of  material  went 
abroad.' 

Ru.ssia. — The  (iESEiJ.sni.MT    m  u    Hi.EKTKi.'-rHE  Ak- 

KUMULATOKEN  "  Rk.x  "  is  the  name  of  a  new  company,  which  has 
lately  been  formed  in  St.  Petersburg,  with  a  capital  of  400.000 
roubles,  to  carry  on  the  manufacture  of  accumulatorB. 

Liverpool  E.\bibition. — This  Kxhibition  is  now  open, 
the  ceremony  having  been  performed  by  the  Lord  Mayor,  Sir 
Chas.  Petrie 

Chnrch  Li(!:lltin(^. — St.  Cuthbert's  Church,  York,  has 
been  recently  lighted  by  means  of  Osram  lamps.  Every  effort  has 
been  made  to  ensure  that  the  general  arrangement  of  the  lightin^r 
is  in  entire  harmony  with  the  general  scheme  of  architecture. 

Small  Loans  at  ,1  Per  Cent. — I'nder  the  bequest  of 

the  late  Samuel  Wilson,  loans  of  from  £100  to  £H00  are  advanced 
to  hona-fiile  tradesmen  and  manufacturers  carrying  on  business  in 
the  City  of  London,  or  within  five  miles  thereof.  The  loans  bear 
interest  at  £2  per  cent.  The  grantee  must  be  under  40  years  of 
age,  and  have  been  set  up  in  business  at  least  one  year,  and  not 
more  than  three  years.  Further  reference  is  made  to  the  matter 
in  our  advertisement  pages. 

Catalo<?ues  and  Lists.— Messrs.  .J.  C.  Fuller  &  Son, 

Ltd.,  Woodland  Works.  Wick  Lane,  Old  Ford  Road,  Bow,  London,  E.— 
New  catalogue  (20  pages)  containing  full  illustrated  particulars  and 
prices  of  their  patent  Block  type  accumulators  for  telegraph,  train 
lighting,  house  lighting  and  power,  motor-car  ignition,  hand-lamp, 
wireless  and  other  service.  A  number  of  accumulator  sundries, 
motor-car  lamps,  ignition  coils,  fans,  ^f..,  are  also  particularised. 
The  firm  are  so  busy  with  these  accumulators  that  they  have  had  to 
open  a  new  factory  for  their  special  manufacture. 

The  Power  Plant  Co.,  Ltd.,  West  Drayton,  Middlesex.— 12-page 
illustrated  pamphlet  (No.  6),  containing  descriptions  of  combined 
driving,  starting  and  roll  turning  gear  for  electrically  operated 
cold  rolls,  &c.,  with  line  diagrams  and  notes  on  the  method  of 
operation. 

Messes.  Bovisg  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  9J,  Union  Court,  Old  Broad  Street, 
London,  E.C.— New  catalogue  (40  pages  art  paper)  dealing  fully 
with  the  "Victoria"  turbo  pumps  and  giving  many  half-tone 
illustrations  of  typical  plants.  Low  lift,  medium  pressure,  vertical 
sinking,  high-pressure,  turbo-feed,  and  fire  and  booster  pumps,  are 
covered  in  the  list.  Test  curves  are  given  in  a  number  of  cases. 
We  learn  that  the  total  h.p.  employed  in  driving  Boving  pumps  is 
now  well  over  20,000  h.p. 

The  Union  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Park  Street,  Southwark, 
S.E.,  have  again  issued  to  their  friends  one  of  their  little  celluloid 
vest  pocket  calendar  cases  containing  a  supply  of  .sticking  plaster. 

MES.SRS.  Manley  &  Sandy,  Ltd.,  Caledonia  Street,  King's 
Cross,  London  —Eight-page  pamphlet,  illustrating  the  M.  i  S. 
miners'  safety  lamps,  fitted  with  detector  and  direct-reading  per- 
centage gas  indicator  within  glass,  or  with  detector  which  can  be 
proportioned  to  any  desired  percentage  of  gas  ;  also  showing  d.c. 
generators,  A.C.  motors,  and  other  lamp  cabin  eciuipments. 

Messrs.  'Veritys,  Lid.,  31,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
London,  W.C— Leaflet  No.  739,  giving  illustrated  particulars  and 
prices  of  "Typhoon"  D.C.  fans  and  "Delhi"  a.c.  fans— desk  and 
bracket  patterns. 

The  Polystat  Electric  Co.,  222,  Marsland  Road,  Sale,  Man- 
chester.—Leaflet  "  D,"  describing  and  stating  prices  of  their  wire- 
length  measuring  apparatus,  for  measuring  wires,  cables,  \c.  Also 
illustrated  list  '  C,"  describing  their  'Handy"  commutator  and 
slip-ring  grinder. 

Messrs.  Scholey  &  Co.,  Ltd..  1.")I,  Qaeen  Victoria  Street, 
London,  E.G.— Four-page  supplementary  list  of  electric  fans  for  the 
current  season,  including  desk  and  table,  oscillating,  and  porthole 
fans,  also  four-blade  ceiling  fans,  and  the  "Mars"  special  tropical 
ceiling  fan.  Particulars  of  weights,  speeds  prices,  \:;..  are  tubu- 
lated. 

Lamp    Economy.— The  British   Tuo.Msox-llursTox 

Co.,  Ltd.,  has  issued  a  new  piece  of  publicity  matter  in  the  form 
of  a  cheque  to  the  value  of  .t  40.000,  purporting  to  be  drawn  in 
favour  of  the  'World's  Electric  Light  Users,"  on  account  of 
"  Mazda— the  original  drawn-wire  tungsten  lamp." 

The  amount  mentioned  is  estimated  to  represent  the  daily  saving 
effected  by  the  20  million  Mazdas  in  use  today  as  compared  with 
carbon  lamps,  reckoning  a  charge  of  4d.  per  unit,  and  one  hour  s 
service  per  day. 


888 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  72.  No.  1,853,  mat  so,  1913.       \ 


Book  \otioes. — "  Beyond  the  Atom."  By  John  Cox. 
"  Wireless  Telegraphy."  By  C.  L.  Fortescue.  London  :  Cambridge 
University  Press.     1913.     Price  1b.  net  each. 

"  The  Uses  of  Electricity."  Three  pamphlets.  "  Electric 
Lightingr."  "  Electric  Cookinp:  and  Heatinu  and  other  Domestic 
Uses."     "  Works  Driving."     London:  Kilowatt  Publishing  Co.,  Ltd. 

"Journal  of  the  Western  Society  of  Engineers."  Vol.  XVIII, 
Nob.  .S  and  4.  March  and  April,  1913.  Chicago  :  The  Sooiety. 
Price  50  c. 

"The  Physical  Review."  Vol.  I,  No.  5.  May,  1913.  Lancaster,  Pa. : 
The  American  Physical  Society. 

"Boletin  de  la  Sociedad  de  Fomento  Fabril."  Vol.  XXX,  No.  4. 
April  1913.     Santiago,  Chile  :  The  Society. 

"  Telefnnken  Zeitung."  April,  1913.  London:  Siemens  Bros,  and 
Co.,  Ltd.  (Publication  Department). 

"Researches  on  Irritability  of  Plants."  By  J.  C.  Bose.  1913. 
London  :  Longmans,  Green  A:  Co.     Price  7s.  Gd.  net. 

"Fire  Protection  in  Buildings."  By  Harold  G.  Holt.  1913. 
London  :  Crosby  Lockwood  &  Son.    Price  Ss.  6d.  net. 

"  Prorrrdings  of  the  American  Institnte  of  Electrical  Engineers." 
VoL  XXXII,  No.  5.  May,  1913.  New  York:  The  Institute. 
Price  $1. 

"  Tranxactiom  of  the  Illuminating  Engineering  Society." 
Vol.  VIII,  No.  4.  April,  1913.  New  York  :  The  Society. 
Price  7.")C. 

BankrnptoT  Proceedinirs. — J.  G.  M.  Hilton,  elec- 
trical engineer.  Birmingham. — First  meeting,  June  4th  ;  pnblic 
examination,  June  2.'>th.  both  at  Birmingham. 

Trade  Announcements.  —  The  Electrical    Press, 

Ltd.,  have  removed  from  the  Strand,  to  13-16,  Fisher  Street,  near 
Kingsway,  London,  W.C. 

Dissolutions    and    Liquidations. — Colonial     Rail 

AND  Tramwat  Stxdicate,  Ltd. — This  company  is  winding  up 
voluntarily  with  Mr.  E.  H.  Burton,  16,  St.  Helen's  Place,  E.G.,  as 
liquidator. 

Electric  Lamp  Rf.genterators,  Ltd.— This  company  has 
resolved  upon  reconstruction.  Mr.  F.  W.  Beard.  480,  Salisbury 
House,  E.C.,  the  secretary,  is  liquidator,  and  he  has  authority  for 
the  registration  of  a  new  company,  Electric  Lamp  Regenerators, 
Ltd.,  with  a  capital  of  £20,000  in  5s.  shares.  A  meeting  of  creditors 
is  called  for  June  5th. 

Brown-  &  Parsons,  Ltd.,  The  Parade,  Leamington. — A  meeting 
of  creditors  is  called  for  to-morrow,  May  31st,  at  the  offices  of  the 
company.     Liquidator,  Mr.  G.  H.  Butterworth. 

Beck  Flame  Lajip.  Ltd. — A  meeting  is  called  for  June  30th,  at 
21,  Ironmonger  Lane,  E.C.,  to  hear  an  account  of  the  winding-up, 
from  Messrs.  H.  J.  Page  and  G.  E.  Corfield,  the  liquidators. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Accrin^^ton. — A  report  has  been  issued,  showing  the 
financial  position  of  the  electricity  department.  The  gross  income 
for  the  year  ended  March  31st  last  was  £23,716  and  the  gross  ex- 
penditure *14,34.5,  leaving  a  surplus  of  £9,371.  which  represents  a 
profit  of  7"73  per  cent,  on  the  capital  outlay.  After  meeting  various 
charges  for  interest  and  so  forth,  there  was  left  £2,323,  of  which 
£1,150  has  been  handed  over  for  rate  relief.  The  capital  outlay 
since  the  electricity  works  were  opened  in  November,  1900,  has  been 
£121,178,  £28,834  having  been  expended  in  extensions  during  the 
past  year.  The  number  of  units  supplied  during  the  year  aggregated 
over  4,800,000,  an  increase  of  over  1,500,000. 

Ajs^rtb. — At  a  meeting  of  the  B.  of  G.  on  May  20th, 
it  was  reported  that  inquiries  had  been  made  with  respect  to  the 
electric  light  installations  at  two  small  workhouses  mentioned  by 
the  L.G.B.  Inspector,  and  it  had  been  found  that  the  light  bad 
proved  a  great  boon,  not  only  in  the  way  of  improved  light  but 
also  in  cleanliness.  In  one  case  where  oil  lamps  were  formerly 
used  there  had  been  a  saving  of  25  per  cent.  The  Board  has 
decided  to  ascertain  the  cost  of  an  installation. 

Barnes. — A  sab-committee  has  been  apjwinted  to  con- 
sider what,  if  any,  steps  should  be  taken  to  increase  the  output  of 
the  Council's  electricity  undertaking.  The  electrical  engineer 
reports  very  poor  replies  to  a  letter  he  had  sent  to  tradesmen 
explaining  the  system  of  hire-purchase  of  lamps  approved  of  by  the 
Council,  and  stated  that  business  of  this  class  would  go  elsewhere 
unless  the  Council  possessed  the  powers  to  undertake  the  business 
throughout. 

Beckenhani. — The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  the  U.D.C.  a 
prov.  order  for  electric  light  in  the  parish  of  West  Wickham,  and 
has  inserted  a  clause  revoking  the  powers  of  the  West  Kent  Electric 
Co.  for  that  district. 

Bexhill. — The  Council  has  instructed  the  engineer  to 
report  on  the  cost  of  replacing  the  whole  of  the  arc  lamps  of  the 
borough  with  high-power  metal-filament  lamps. 

Birkenhead. — An  inquiry  has  been  held  by  the  L.G.B. 

relative  to  the  Council's  application  for  sanction  to  borrow  £32,600 
for  pnrpo.oes  connected  with  the  electricity  undertaking.  Of  this 
amount  £18,400  is  reqnired  for  mains  and  services  for  three  years, 
and  £14,230  for  extensions  to  plant — for  two  750-KW.  (reneratorg. 


The  Inspector  (Mr.  H.  R.  Hooper')  expressed  a  strong  opinion  in 
regard  to  municipal  electrical  undertakings  paying  money  towards 
the  relief  of  the  rates  instead  of  building  up  an  adequate  reserve 
fund.  He  felt  that  no  municipal  authority  could  afford  to  pay  a 
penny  to  the  relief  of  local  rates  in  the  present  position  of  the 
electrical  industry,  as  it  was  increasing  by  leaps  and  bounds. 
Therefore,  it  was  all  the  more  necessary  to  provide  a  sufficient 
reserve  fund  to  meet  the  larger  and  more  up-to-date  generating 
plant  which  would  be  required  to  cope  with  the  ever-increasing 
requirements.  The  chairman  of  the  Electricity  Committee  (Mr. 
D.  J.  Clarke),  said,  after  his  experience,  he  quite  agreed  with  the 
remarks  of  the  Inspector. 

Birminjrhain. — It  is  stated  that  the  city  authorities 
are  experimenting  with  electric  lanterns  with  a  view  ultimately  to 
equipping  the  whole  of  the  police  force  with  them. 

Blackpool. — An  annual  saving  of  fo.'iO  in  the  cost  of 
the  street  lighting  was  foreshadowed  in  the  electrical  engineer's 
estimates,  submitted  on  May  22nd  to  the  Street  Lighting  Committee. 
The  electricity  department  has  reduced  charges  for  street  electric 
lighting  from  3d.  per  unit  for  the  first  250,000  units  to  a  flat  rate 
of  2Jd.  for  all  consumption. 

Bolton, — It  was  reported  last  week  that  the  total 
profit  of  the  electricity  department,  together  with  the  amount 
brought  forward  last  year,  was  £3L566.  After  making  allow- 
ance for  depreciation,  interest,  &c ,  there  was  £1,787  available  for 
distribution,  and  it  was  decided  by  the  Electricity  Committee  to 
allocate  £1,500  of  this  in  relief  of  the  rates.  In  1912  the  amount 
voted  for  this  purpose  was  £3,250,  and  in  1911  it  was  £6,500. 

Bootle. — ^Ir.  H.  R.  Hooper,  L.G.B.  Inspector,  has 
held  an  inquiry  into  an  application  by  the  Corporation  to 
borrow  the  sum  of  £3,980  for  the  purchase  of  land  in  Linacre 
Lane,  and  £3,750  for  purposes  of  the  electricity  undertaking. 
The  town  clerk  explained  that  the  expenditure  of  the  latter 
sum  was  necessitated  by  the  development  required  for  the  pro- 
vision of  an  additional  electricity  supply  to  districts  which  they 
served,  and  for  a  duplicate  supply  to  certain  large  consumers. 
Councillor  F.  W.  King  (chairman  of  the  Electric  Power  and  Light- 
ing Committee)  stated  that  they  wished  to  proceed  with  the  scheme 
as  soon  as  possible,  because  they  wanted  to  make  provision  for 
supplying  Messrs.  Harland  &  WolfF,  the  cold  stores,  and  other 
firms.    There  was  no  opposition  to  the  application. 

Bristol. — It  is  intended  to  convert  1,517  street  gas 
lamps  for  electric  lighting,  the  saving  in  expense  being  estimated 
at  20  per  cent. 

Burgess  Hill. — On  the  proposition  of  Lady  Ruth 
Pelham,  the  Burgess  Hill  group  of  school  managers  has  decided 
to  recommend  the  East  Sussex  Education  Committee  to  take  steps 
to  discontinue  using  gas  as  an  illuminant  at  London  Road  schools, 
as  it  is  considered  electric  light  is  more  healthy. 

Bury. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  appointed  a  sub- 
Committee  to  consider  the  question  of  inter-connection  being 
made  with  the  mains  of  the  Lancashire  Electric  Power  Co.,  so  that 
in  case  of  a  breakdown  at  either  works  a  supply  could  be  obtained  . 
from  the  other  works.  According  to  the  Manchester  papers  this  is 
part  of  a  general  scheme  to  interconnect  the  different  generating 
stations  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Manchester,  with  a  view  to  safe- 
guarding the  supply. 

ColTl^n  Bay. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Lighting  Com- 
mittee, a  statement  of  the  financial  results  of  the  past  year,  which 
was  submitted,  showed  gross  profits  of  £4,011,  and  net  profits  of 
£1,319.  The  Committee  considered  the  results  very  satisfactory. 
It  wa-s  decided  that  the  price  of  current  used  for  public  lighting 
and  U.D.C.  departments  should  be  reduced  from  4d.  to  3d.  per  unit. 

Continental  Xotes.— Gkk.manv. — The  new  Franken 
power  station,  which  has  a  capacity  of  6,200  h.p.  of  the  Frankische 
Ueberiand  Zentral,  of  Nuremburg,  has  just  been  completed  and  put  in 
operation.  It  is  supplying  currfnt  to  no  less  than  160  small  towns 
and  villages,  the  mains  having  a  length  of  about  320  miles. 

Sicily. — Good  progress  is  being  made  with  the  adoption  of 
electrical  energy  for  lighting  and  power  purposes  on  the  Island  of 
Sicily.  The  Societc  d'Electrioitc  de  la  Sicile  Orientale  is  now 
supplying  current  to  106,808  incandescent  and  402  arc  lamps,  as 
well  as  to  758  electric  motors  belonging  to  private  con.sumer8, 
and  3,449  incandescent  and  827  arc  lamps  used  for  public 
lighting,  and  the  power  for  the  tramways  in  the  town  of  Catania. 
Current  is  supplied  altogether  to  11  small  towns  having  a  total  of 
504,000  inhabitants. 

Coventry. — The  annual  report  of  the  Corporation  elec- 
tricity undertaking  has  been  issued,  and  shows  that  the  department 
has  had  a  successful  year's  working.  It  states : — The  total 
borrowing  powers  of  the  undertaking  amount  to  £275,570,  the 
whole  of  which  have  been  exercised.  The  sinking  fund  amounts 
to  £72,130.  During  the  year  the  number  of  consumers  increased 
from  1,962  to  2,517,  an  increase  for  the  year  of  555,  as  compared 
with  an  increase  for  the  previous  year  of  372,  and  by  far  the 
largest  increase  recorded  since  the  commencement  of  the  under- 
taking. The  number  of  units  sold  increased  from  10,473,339  to 
13,337,482,  an  increase  of  2,864,143  units,  of  which  the  power  load 
accounted  for  2,*184,266.  The  revenue  from  sale  of  current,  motor 
rents,  kc,  amounted  to  £60,521,  compared  with  £50,682  in  the 
previous  year,  notwithstanding  the  further  reduction  in  the  charg:e 
for  power  which  was  made  last  year,  The  working  expensea 
amounted  to  £24,765,  against  £17,370  in  the  previous  year,  the 
increase  in  the  price  of  ooal  accounting  for  a  considerable  porti«n 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,8B:i,  May  ;iO,  191.S.] 


THE    ELECTRTCAli    REVIEW. 


H89 


of  thig  incroa.'te.  The  (froNH  i)roflt  wiiw  «:S5,766.  (JapitHl  uhfirifni 
omountod  to  iEllt.f.lO,  ntfivinnt  £17,i;tH  In  IVla,  Ui«  reiiult 
bcini;  ii  net  prolit  for  tho  year  of  K\t>,2il),  To  this  hui  to  ho 
addod  tho  amount  of  £48  hrou(fht  forward,  inakinif  the  avail- 
able HurpluH  £l(i,'J!IH.  Tho  Committoc  niukoH  tho  followintf 
reooiiiiiKitidatioiiH  a.s  to  tho  dinpoHal  of  tho  HurpluH  of  £  Ifi.li'.iH  :  - 
(1)  That  £4,500  bo  paid  over  to  tho  tfcimral  diHtrict  fund  in  aid  of 
the  rateH  ;  (2)  That  £1 1,(>00  be  paid  to  tho  rowervo  fund,  and  tranH- 
ferrod  from  that  fund  to  capital  account,  Huch  Hum  to  Imi  applied 
for  the  replacement  of  BuporBeded  plant  and  other  jjurposoH  Htatod 
below,  in  liou  of  roiHinira  loon  for  the  mimo,  viz.,  £1,800  for  tranw- 
formers  and  sub-station  f<iuipment,  £2,000  for  houHo  gorvices, 
£4,000  for  new  machinery  and  roplacemont  of  plant,  £3,800  for 
the  plant  to  be  provided  in  connection  with  the  supply  of  enoriry 
to  the  tramways  department;  (3)  That  tho  balance  of  ill!)3  be 
carried  forward  to  tho  next  account. 

Creswcll. — At  a  meeting  of  piirisliioners  last  week,  an 
electric  li|;ht  scheme  submitted  by  Mr.  J.  P.  Iloufton,  manatiring' 
director  of  the  15olsover  Colliery  Co.  was  accepted.  Mr.  Iloufton 
offers  to  supply  four  ligfhts  and  do  the  wiring-  work  at  a  charge  of 
138.  per  house  per  year  to  cover  interest  on  cap'tal,  upkeep,  and 
cost  of  repairs  and  renewals  to  fittings.  The  oofit  of  current  will 
be  3id.  per  unit. 

Darliiiifton. — Reporting  to  the  Electricity  Committee, 

the  electrical  engineer,  Mr.  Lunn,  stated  that  the  units  generated 
for  lighting  and  power  in  April  amounted  to  401,483,  a-i  against 
180,080  in  April,  1912,  an  increase  of  116  per  cent.  From  the 
profits  of  the  past  year,  £5,000  has  been  allocated  to  the  relief  of 
the  rates.  It  was  decided  to  submit  a  tender  for  the  electric  light- 
ing of  those  streets  in  the  borough  where  cables  are  laid,  in  view 
of  the  saving  over  gas  lighting. 

Darwen. — A  L.G.]}.  incjuiry  was  held  last  week  regard- 
ing the  application  of  the  Corporation  to  borrow  £6,400  for 
extensions  at  the  electricity  works  and  various  sums  for  other 
purposes.  The  town  clerk  explained  that  owing  to  the  success  of 
the  electricity  undertaking  it  was  proposed  to  obtain  new  plant. 
There  was  no  opposition  to  the  application  in  so  far  as  it  related  to 
the  money  for  extensions  at  the  electricity  works. 

EffJ'pt. — According  to  the  Board  of  Track  Journal, 
the  Egyptian  Government  ii  considering  the  development  on  a 
large  scale  of  the  power  at  present  wasted  at  the  Assuan  dam.  A 
large  amount  of  power  could  be  obtained  and  utilised  in  the  manu- 
facture of  chemical  manure — calcium  cyanamide  probably — but  a 
small  plant  will  be  provided  in  the  first  instance. 

FJland. — The  electricity  department  receipts  have 
increased  from  £2,173  to  :i;2,yi8  last  year,  whilst  the  expenditure 
was  £1,968,  as  against  1 1,617  in  the  previous  year.  Tne  credit 
balance  on  the  year's  working  has  been  increased  from  £566  to 
£950,  notwithstanding  extra  expenditure  on  coal,  amounting  to 
£115,  as  compared  with  a  year  ago. 

Epsom, — The  chairman  of  the  U.D.C.  electricity  under- 
taking has  just  issued  his  annual  memorandum.  It  states  that 
after  paying  all  charges,  including  capital  costs,  a  profit  is  shown 
of  £137,  which  is  £54  in  excess  of  the  estimate.  The  total  sum 
borrowed  since  the  undertaking  was  established  was  £43,811,  of 
which  £15,33.")  had  been  repaid.  The  total  income  was  £6,519,  as 
against  £6,681,  a  decrease  of  £l(il  ;  and  the  total  expenditure 
£3,630,  as  against  £3,622,  leaving  a  gross  profit  of  £2,885,  as 
against  £3,059. 

Exeter. — The  results  of  the  year's  working  of  the 
electricity  undertaking,  according  to  the  annual  report  of  Mr. 
Munro,  the  engineer,  are:  Receipts,  £18,211;  working  expenses, 
£9,840  ;  gross  surplus,  £8,370.  The  interest,  sinking  fund  and 
income-tax  charges  amounted  to  £6,997,  leaving  a  net  surplus  for 
the  year  of  £1,373.  The  lighting,  heating  and  power  output 
increased  by  over  (J0,000  units,  but  the  tramway  demand  was 
less  by  21,000  units.  Although  the  charges  for  power  and  lighting 
ha^e  been  twice  reduced  recently,  the  loss  of  revenue  from  this 
source  is  already  balanced  by  the  increasing  demand.  The  Com- 
mittee has  decided  to  carry  the  surplus  of  C  1,373  to  the  reserve  and 
renewals  account,  increasing  the  credit  balance  to  that  fund  to 
£11,785.  The  Finance  Committee  has  been  asked  to  consider  the 
salaries  of  the  electrical  engineer  and  the  members  of  his  depart- 
ment. 

Hanwell. — The  District  Council  proposes  to  obtain 
estimates  from  the  Gas  and  Electric  Light  Co.  for  the  lighting  and 
maintenance  of  the  lamps  in  a  portion  of  Greeaford  Avenue. 

Hebden  Bridge. — It  is  proposed  to  extend  the  elec- 
tricity works,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £3,250.  The  chief  item  in 
the  extension  proposals  is  the  provision  of  a  Diesel  engine  for  power 
purposes. 

Heme  Bay. — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  have  the 
electric  light  installed  at  the  new  King's  Hall,  current  to  be  supplied 
from  the  works  of  Messrs.  Hunt  at  3d.  per  unit.  This  firm  will 
also  undertake  the  installation  work. 

Horosey. — A  special  rate  of  3d.  per  unit  is  to  be  charged 
during  the  summer  months  for  current  supplied  for  garden 
lighting.  At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Council,  Councillor  Moritz, 
speaking  upon  a  report  of  the  Electricity  Committee  with  regard 
to  the  interference  by  a  workman  employed  by  a  local  tradesman 
with  a  box  and  fuse  belonging  to  the  Council,  said  that  cases  of 
the  sort  mentioned  were  becoming  too  frequent,  and  the  Committee 
had  decided  to  take  drastic  steps  in  the  next  case. 


Hull, — 'J'liu  T.(J.,  iinviii^  rtceivfd  uppiiinLlMi'*  for 
(Mirrcnt  from  rciddanti  at  Huttoti,  haa  applied  t<i  tho  Hc!ilco»t«« 
li.\).V,.  for  pcnninhion  to  uniiortake  tha  napply,  and  for  iiupp>/rt  to 
on  application  to  tho  B.  of  T.  for  lh«  ni!c«fiiiury  order.  Th<fTowii 
Clerk  intimated  thot  hin  Conncll  ltit<;nded  in  tho  ni«r  faturt;  to 
opply  for  a  prov.  onlor  for  K.L.  in  theparinh  of  Hiitt^jn  gi-n»;ralljr. 
Tho  It.D.C.  hoH  deferred  tho  matter  for  further  connldoration. 

IIKley, — The  K.D.C.  is  pnviwding  with  it«  cl«;(;tric 
lighting  Hchomo,  and  intondH  t^)  make  curly  application  to  the 
Ii<!.It.  for  sanction  to  borrow  £l'<,000  to  carry  out  thf  work. 

Knott iiiffloy  (lorkH.). — Th<-  U.f>.C.   )\w  ajJiointwJ  a 

Committee  to  considered  the  ([uention  of  applying  for  a  prov.  order 
for  i:.L. 

Limerick, — At  a  meeting  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Com- 
mittee, held  on  the  16th  inst.,  it  was  decided  to  again  recommend  the 
Council  to  apply  for  o  full  loan  for  renewal«  at  the  power 
house,  including  £6,100  for  the  purchaiie  of  a  DieHel  oil  engine. 

Liverpool. — The  existence  of  the  muoli-dcbated  Elec- 
trical Sub-Committee  is  again  threatened.  After  being  diHsolved 
and  re-established  within  a  month,  a  motion  to  rfscind  the 
resolution  reappointing  it  was  down  for  discussion  on  Friday  last. 

London. — Southwark. — The  L.C.C.  is  to  be  asked  to 

sanction  a  loan  of  £29.464  to  meet  the  cost  of  the  additional  plant 
required  for  the  extension  of  the  electric  light  station. 

Hammersmith.— The  Electricity  Committee  recommenda  that 
sanction  to  a  further  loan  of  £9,500,  for  mains  extensions,  service*, 
sub-station  transformers,  &c.,  be  obtained  from  the  L.C.C. 

Battersea.— The  L.C.C.  has  sanctioned  the  borrowing  of  £3,275 
for  the  provision  of  additional  plant. 

Loton. — The  borough  engineer  has  submitted  to  theT.C. 
a  scheme  for  exteading  the  refuse  destrmtor,  at  an  estimated  cost 
of  £7,000. 

IMiddlesbroutrh. — The  annual  report  of  the  Electricity 
Committee  of  the  Corporation,  shows  that  during  the  past  year  the 
revenue  had  increased  by  £3,533  to  £24,448,  whilst  the  total  costs 
£13,365  represented  a  decrease  of  ■07d.  per  unit.  The  gross  profit 
wag  £11,113,  an  increase  of  .£837,  and  the  net  profit  of  £3,.369 
represented  an  increase  of  £480.  The  profit  was  allocated  to  the 
reserve  fund  and  the  special  redemption  fund.  The  engineer's 
(Mr.  H.  M.  Taylor's)  salary  was  increased  from  £425  to  £450  per 
annum,  and  that  of  the  mains  superintendent  (Mr.  R.  Sistaro)  from 
£180  to  £200. 

Morecarabe, — Terms  have  been  approved  by  the  T.C., 

for  the  supply  of  electricity  to  Messrs.  Ward's  shipbreaking  yard,  viz., 
a  standing  charge  of  £90  per  annum,  plus  Id.  per  unit  for  every 
unit  supplied,  with  a  guaranteed  consumption  of  50,000  units  per 
annum,  and  Messrs.  Ward  to  guarantee  to  take  the  supply  for  a 
period  of  five  years.  The  Corporation  is  protected  in  the  matter  of 
peak  load  supply  and  cost  of  fuel. 

Xorwieh. — At  the  last  sitting  of  the  T.C.,  Mr.  Alderman 
Wild  presented  a  report  from  the  Electricity  Committee,  as  to  the 
sum  required  for  plant  during  the  next  five  years.  He  said  an 
estimate  prepared  by  the  electricity  engineer  (Mr.  F.  M.  Long) 
amounted  to  £25,000.  The  increase  of  business  during  the  last 
two  years  had  amounted  to  more  than  the  whole  sales  when  the 
business  was  taken  ov«r  by  the  T.C.  The  expenditure  proposed  was 
large,  but  the  amount  would  only  be  raised  as  it  was  required.  The 
report  was  adopted. 

Oldham. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Electricity  Committee  on 

May  21st,  a  summary  of  the  past  year's  working  of  the  electricity 
department  was  given.  The  expenditure  on  capital  account  was 
£11,668,  making  the  total  capital  expenditure  of  the  undertaking 
£318,414.  The  gross  revenue  for  the  year  amount<^d  to  £46,646, 
and  the  gro.ss  expenditure  to  £25,451,  leaving  a  balance  to  be 
carried  to  net  revenneof  £21,195,  Interest  and  sinking  fund  charges 
amounted  to  £18,618,  expenditure  on  meters  to  £1,533,  leaving  a  net 
profit  for  the  year  of  £1,043.  The  credit  balance  brought  forward 
from  previous  year  was  £664,  which  leaves  a  credit  balance  to 
carry  forward  to  next  year's  account  of  £1,708.  The  number  of 
units  sold  (exclusive  of  traction)  was  3,028.203,  as  compared  with 
2,451,1 16  in  the  previous  year,  or  an  increase  of  577,087,  or  23'5t  per 
cent.  The  number  of  units  sold  for  traction  during  the  year  was 
3,435.213,  as  against  3,541,360  in  1912,  a  decrease  of  106,147,  or  2"99 
per  cent.  The  amount  standing  to  credit  of  the  reserve  fund  is 
£5,726.  The  number  of  lamps  connected  was  241.258,  as  against 
206,1148,  an  increaseof  35,210,  or  17'09  per  cent.  The  generating 
capacity  of  the  Greenhill  station  has  been  increased  by  the  addition 
of  a  turbine,  and  now  amounts  to  8,600  h.p.  The  works  costs 
amounted  to  0'712d.  per  unit  sold,  the  total  revenue  costs  to  0'941d., 
as  against  0  669d.  and  n  '.»24d.  per  unit  in  1912,  respectively.  The 
increase  in  costs  is  solely  due  to  the  expenditure  on  coal.  The  total 
number  of  units  sold  during  the  year  was  6,463,416,  as  against 
5,992,476  in  the  previous  year. 

Peterborough.— The  accounts  of  the  city  electricity 
department  for  the  past  year  show  a  surplus  on  the  revenue 
account  of  £4,3:>3,  but  after  paying  £1,63.-.  for  interest  on  loans. 
£2.151  for  re-payments,  and  £711  for  capital  expenditure  oat  of 
revenue,  there  is  a  net  deficit  of  £145,  which  is  met  by  the 
reserve  fund.  Last  month  (April)  the  works  earned  a  surplus  of 
£322.  The  Great  XortheruJlailway  Co.  has  applied  for  a  supply 
of  power  for  its  cranes,  which  matter  is  under  consideration. 


890 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEATEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,85:!,  May  30,  1913. 


China. — To  meet  the  increasing  demand  for  current  for 
lighting  and  power  purposes,  two  new  2,000-h.p.  steam  enKinea  and 
a  1.0<.>0-H.p.  tiansformer  have  b«en  installed  at  the  central  generating- 
station  at  Tientsin. 

Plymoutb. — The  electrical  engineer  has  recommended 
the  Conncil  that  a  turbo-generator  of  1,C00-kw.  capacity  be 
installed,  together  with  the  necessary  auxiliaries  ;  also  switchgear 
of  greater  capacity  and  additional  distributor  and  ihterconnector 
cables.    Estimated  cost  *!  5,500. 

RDOCOrn, — The  Mersey  Power  Co.  has  applied  to  the 
B.  of  T.  for  consent  to  the  placing  of  electric  lines  above  ground 
for  purposes  of  supply  under  the  Runcorn  Urban  and  Runcorn 
Rural  Electric  Lighting  Order,  1910. 

Soatheiid-on-$eA. — The  T.0.  has  received  the  sanction 
of  the  L.G.B.  to  a  loan  of  £3,700  for  the  provision  of  an  additional 
.■)00-KW.  steam  generator  and  accessories. 

Stafford. — The  annual  statement  in  connection  with  the 
electricity  undertaking  shows  that  for  the  past  year  the  total  revenue 
from  all  sources  amounted  to  £6,182.  and  the  total  expenditure 
to  £3.708,  leaving  a  gross  profit  of  £2,480,  compared  with  £2.80'.* 
in  the  previous  year.  It  has  been  decided  to  pay  bonuses,  as  usual, 
to  the  employts  on  the  protits  of  the  year  s  working. 

Tottenham. — The  Council,  at  its  meeting  this  week,  will 
consider  a  recommendation  from  the  General  Purposes  Committtee 
advising  the  acceptance  of  the  qnotation  of  the  Tottenham  and 
Edmonton  Gas  Co.  for  lighting  the  district  for  a  period  of  10  years. 
Competitive  prices  were  obtained  from  the  North  Metropolitan 
Electric  Power  Supply  Co.  Reporting  on  the  two  offers  received, 
the  Council's  engineer  states  that  the  Electric  Light  Co.  already 
supplies  current  to  140  arc  lamps  in  the  district,  and  under  an 
agreement  the  contract  cannot  be  terminated  until  January,  1918. 
The  company's  tender  just  received  is  for  the  completion  of  electric 
lighting  in  West  Green  Road  and  Lordship  Lane,  and  for  the  instal- 
lation of  electric  light  in  several  other  streets  and  portions  of 
streets. 

Walsall. — The    report    of    Mr.   E.  M.   Lacey  on   the 

Corporation  electricity  undertaking  has  been  issued.  He  condemns 
the  present  generating  station  site  and  plant  :  finds  that  it  has 
been  inefficiently  maintained  and  staffed  ;  that  the  proposed 
expenditure  of  i  5,000  on  repairs  and  additions  to  plant  is 
essential  ;  and  that  the  charges  for  d.c.  supply  should  be  increased, 
80  as  to  secure  an  average  return  of  4'75d.  per  unit  sold  for  lighting 
purposes,  and  of  I'fiSd.  per  unit  for  traction  supply.  Mr.  Lacey 
goes  on  to  recommend  the  provision  of  a  modern  3.000-KW.  power 
station,  capable  of  extension  to  10,00u-12  000  KW.,  to  ;neet  the 
needs  of  the  area.  He  finds  that  responsibility  for  the  present  state 
of  affairs  rests  to  some  extent  with  the  chief  engineer,  who,  how- 
ever, has  not  had  the  time  to  give  close  attention  to  everything. 
Mr.  A.  S.  Barnard  (borough  electrical  engineer),  in  replying  to  this 
criticism,  points  out  that  he  has  repeatedly  drawn  the  attention  of 
the  Committee  to  the  necessity  of  appointing  a  chief  assistant 
engineer,  and  blames  the  Committee  for  ignoring  his  advice.  The 
General  Purposes  Committee,  after  approving  the  report,  said  it 
considered  that  the  borough  electrical  engineer  cannot  be  freed  from 
responsibility,  and  after  considering  whether  his  services  should 
be  retained,  it  recommended  that  the  matter  be  decided  on  the 
result  of  the  year's  working  :  but  that  the  Council  may  at  any 
time  determine  the  engagement  of  the  engineer.  While  agreeing 
with  the  consulting  engineer  as  to  the  unsnitability  of  the  present 
generating  plant,  the  Committee,  in  view  of  the  extensions,  has 
deferred  consideration  of  a  new  sta'  iv'u. 

West  Ham. — Application  is  to  be  made  to  the  L.G.B. 
for  sanction  to  a  further  loan  of  £21,500,  made  up  as  follows  : — 
Transformers,  sub-stations,  switchgear  and  accessories,  £9,000 ; 
general  mains  extensions,  £8,500  ;  services  and  accessories,  £4,00o. 
.  The  electrical  engineer  has  been  instructed  to  report  on  the  use 
«f  current  for  domestic  heating  and  cooking  purposes,  with  a 
niggested  tariff  of  charges  in  connection  therewith. 

Wigan. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Com- 
mittee last  week,  it  was  decided  that  tradesmen  be  granted  (on 
application  to  the  electrical  engineer)  the  loan  of  festoons  and 
lamps,  with  free  light,  for  illuminated  decorations  on  the  night 
of  their  Majesties'  visit  to  the  town,  subject  to  their  paying  the 
cost  of  fixing  such  decorations. 

Wille^den. — The  clerk  has  been  instructed  to  negotiate 
for  the  advance,  by  instalments,  of  1 14,000  sanctioned  by  the 
L.G.B.  for  the  purposes  of  the  undertaking.  From  a  special  report 
prepared  by  the  engineer,  the  Electricity  (}ommittee  states  that  the 
nndertaking  continuee  to  make  steady  progress.  A  communication 
has  been  received  from  the  Home  Office  as  to  the  renewal  of  the 
high  and  low-tension  switchboards,  which  is  estimated  to  cost 
£2,000,  and  in  ascordanoe  with  the  suggestion  of  the  engineer  the 
work  is  to  be  carried  out  by  allocating  the  sum  of  £500  per  annum 
for  the  purpose,  until  the  whole  of  the  work  is  complete.  The 
latest  type  of  flame  arc  lamp  is  to  be  substituted  for  the  present 
open  arcs,  which  are  now  practically  worn  out,  and  for  which 
£500  per  annum  is  also  to  be  put  aside.  During  the  first  year 
2.'>  lamps  in  the  High  Road,  Kilbarn,  and  Shoot  Up  Hill,  are 
being  renewed  at  an  estimated  cost  of  £27.1.  The  electrical 
engineer  has  submitted  to  his  Committee  a  report  with  regard  to 
the  supply  of  current  in  bulk  to  the  Willesden  Infirmary  and  the 
extension  of  cables  to  meet  additional  demands  in  the  Park  Royal 
area.  In  this  report  the  engineer  states  that  in  October  last  he 
offered  to  meet  the  reqniiementa  of  the  Guardians  for  a  fixed  sum 


of  £35  per  annum,  being  10  per  cent,  upon  the  capital  cost,  and 
2d.  per  unit  for  all  energy  used  for  lighting  and  power,  which 
was  accepted.  The  cnst  of  this  extension  to  the  Infirmary,  with 
provision  for  meeting  any  further  demand  in  Park  Royal,  is  as 
follows  :  High-tension  cables,  .t708  ;  transformer  with  switchgeir, 
£100;  switch  panels,  <29 -.  total,  £837.  In  addition  to  this,  at 
least  one  25-H  I',  motor  will  be  required  to  be  let  on  hire  for  driving 
the  laundry.  The  greater  portion  of  this  expenditure  is  for  the 
future  development  of  the  district. 

Vork. — The  Corporation  having  decided  to  extend  its 
electricity  works,  a  L.G.B.  inquiry  was  held  on  May  26th  into  the 
proposal  to  borrow  £30,000  for  that  purpose. 

It  was  stated  that  the  works  for  sonie  time  lost  money,  totalling 
£8,400.  Latterly,  however,  profits  had  been  made  aggregating 
£8,633,  of  which  sum  £2,400  had  been  paid  to  the  relief  of  the 
rates.  The  units  sold  during  the  year  ended  March  31st  last  were 
6,007,800  compared  with  3,610,950  units  in  1911-12,  an  increase  of 
nearly  2,400,000.  The  loan  sought  was  to  meet  the  expenditure 
necefsary  to  meet  the  estimated  increased  demand  for  next  year.  Mr. 
J.  W.  Hame,  the  electrical  engineer,  said  the  increased  sale  wa.s  largely 
due  to  the  increase  in  the  power  supply.  The  amounts  required 
were  .—Generating  plant,  £10,100  ;  two  water-tube  boilers,  £4,300  ; 
cables,  £5,250;  batteries,  £3,900;  building,  £890;  total,  *;24.440. 
This  reduction  from  the  amount  it  was  originally  intended  to 
borrow  was  due  to  the  fact  that  the  estimate  for  the  3,500-KW. 
generating  plant  was  *•  14,257.  The  accepted  tender,  however,  was 
only  £9,967,  the  highest  tender  being  £15,000.  The  preliminary 
estimate  was  based  on  a  slower-speed  turbine,  but  it  was  now 
possible  to  use  machines  of  a  higher  speed,  which  enabled  them  to 
he  made  more  cheaply,  and  they  also  occupied  a  smaller  space. 
There  was  no  opposition. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Australia, — According  to  the  Mining  and  Engineering 

Review,  Messrs.  GriflBths  A;  Co.,  contractors,  of  London,  are  reported 
to  be  negotiating  with  the  N.S.W.  Government  in  regard  to  the 
financing  and  construction  of  the  Sydney  underground  railway 
system. 

Barnoldswick. — The  Light  Railway  Commissioners 
conducted  an  inquiry  on  May  23rd  into  the  expediency  of 
establishing  a  light  railway  between  Gisbum  and  Barnoldswick. 
The  proposed  railway  will  be  4  J  miles  in  length.  It  is  designed  to 
commence  near  the  highway,  and  will  join  the  Lancashire  and 
Yorkshire  railway  system  at  (jisbnrn,  thus  connecting  an  important 
centre  of  the  cotton  industry  with  the  Manchester  markets.  It  was 
stated  at  the  hearing  that  terms  had  been  arranged  with  the 
Lancashire  and  Yorkshire  Co.  who  were  present  to  support  the 
scheme.  The  estimated  cost  was  something  over  £44,000,  and 
it  was  proposed  to  raise  £45,000  capital. 

Birmingham. — The  City  Council  has  approved  of  a 
recommendation  of  the  Tramways  Committee  to  purchase  75  new 
cars,  40  for  the  Warwick  Road,  Hockley  Road,  and  Statford  Road 
routes,  and  3.'.  extra  cars.    The  cars  will  cost  about  £83,000. 

Cardiff. — Mr.  Arthur  Ellis,  the  tramways  engineer  and 
manager,  states  that  he  has  included  an  ekctrical-petrol  car  with  the 
trackless  trolley  and  the  motor-'bus  for  use  in  the  outlying  districts 
of  Cardiff  in  a  recommendation  to  the  Tramways  Committee,  which 
has  asked  the  Parliamentary  Committee  to  include  these  types  of 
vehicles  in  the  Bdl  which  is  being  prppared  in  connection  with  the 
extension  of  the  city  boundaries.  The  Tramways  Committee  pro- 
posed to  take  advantage  of  the  Bill  to  obtain  powers  to  include  the 
running  of  a  service  of  vehicles  to  the  outlying  districts  in  different 
directions  of  the  types  of  one  or  other  of  the  three  referred  to.  He 
did  not  recommend  them  for  city  use. 

Conisboroogh. — The  Parish  Council  at  its  last  meeting 
gave  consideration  to  the  proposals  of  the  Mexboro'  and  Swinton 
Railless  Tramway  Co.'s  Parliamentary  Bill  and  decided  to  give  its 
support  to  the  latter,  the  chairman  and  the  clerk  being  appointed 
to  give  evidence  in  support  of  the  BUI. 

Continental  \otes. — Austria. — It  is  reported  from 
Vienna  that  the  Government  proposes  to  carry  out  the  conversion 
of  the  Vienna  City  Railway  to  electric  traction,  which  has  leen 
under  consideration  for  a  period  of  several  years,  for  the  account 
of  the  State,  at  an  estimated  expenditure  of  £1,250,000.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  construction  of  the  proposed  new  underground 
railways  is  to  be  undertaken  by  the  city  of  Vienna  with  the  parti- 
cipation of  the  leading  electrical  companies  and  of  French  capital, 
if  a  portion  of  the  money  is  raised  in  the  French  market.  The 
outlay  on  the  lines  is  computed  at  from  £6,000,000  to  £10,000,000. 
although  the  work  is  not  to  be  begun  before  the  completion  of  the 
transformation  of  the  existing  city  railway. 

Dundee. — The  Corporation  Tramways  Committee,  in  an 
effort  to  beautify  the  car  routes,  recommends  that  fljwer  baskets  be 
attached  to  a  number  of  the  standards. 

East  Ham. — With  reference  to  the  last  portion  of  the 
paragraph  inserted  under  "  Ilford "  in  last  week's  istue  r«  the 
continuation  of  that  Council's  agreement  with  East  Ham  Corpora- 
tion for  the  lease  of  the  Ilford  Hill  track,  the  engineer  and  miuager 
to  East  Ham  has  been  directed  to  neg^otiate  for  reduced  ttrmi. 


Vol.  72.  No.  1,85;.,  May  30,  1918.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


891 


East  lient. — The  East  Kent  Light  Railways  Co.  are 
applyini;  to  tho  Li^ht  Railway  CoinmiHbionerB  for  |)owor  to  con- 
struct additional  linua  of  niilwuyH  in  the  new  colliery  dintrict. 
The  lines  will  run  thronffh  tho  pariBhes  of  Woodneuborouifh,  (Jood- 
ncBtone,  Nonington,  Little  and  Great  Montrtham,  Sholdcn,  Deal, 
Wickhambreaux,  hittlebourne,  Fordwich,  llackinifton,  Canterbury, 
Ooldred.  Lydden,  Temple  Ewell,  Alkham,  West  Ilougham,  North- 
bourne,  \Vin){hain,  and  tJtonar. 

E.xetcr. — In  his  gtatoment  for  the  year  ending  March 
3l8t,  Mr.  II.  0.  Bartlett  (manager  of  the  tramwayB)  says  that  tho 
total  receipts  were  £1G,74.S,  bein);  £612  less  than  the  previous  year, 
which  was  a  record  year.  The  total  profit  i»  *: 2,0 12,  beinf?  £224 
less  than  in  1912,  the  weather  durinpr  the  summer  months  beinjf 
very  bad  for  tramway  business.  The  enerjjy  consumption  has 
been  reduced  to  a  minimum  ;  and  although  3,600  more  miles  have 
been  run  this  year,  the  energy  has  cost  £143  less  than  last  year, 
due  to  the  use  of  car  meters. 

Holcombe  Brook. — The  overhead  equipment  in  con- 
nection with  the  electrification  of  this  branch  railway  has  now 
been  fixed,  and  current,  which  is  supplied  by  the  Lancashire  Electric 
Power  Co.,  was  switched  on  for  the  first  time  last  Friday. 

Keigliley. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  decided  to 
purchase  two  railless  trolley  vehicles  from  Messrs.  Trackless  Trolley, 
Ltd.,  for  £1,42(J,  provided  the  installation  of  the  railless  trolley 
system  between  Ingrow  and  Lees  is  satisfactory.  The  Committ  'e 
has  also  decided  to  request  the  B.  of  T.  to  grant  a  further  extension 
of  time  for  the  construction  of  tramways  from  Dale  Street  to 
Stockbridge,  and  for  the  commencement  and  completion  of  the 
tramways  authorised  by  the  Keighley  Corporation  Tramways 
Order,  1909. 

A  deputation  from  Brighton  visited  the  town  on.  Wednesday,  the 
2lBt  inst.,  in  order  to  inspect  the  railless  trolley  system. 

Leith,  —  The  receipts  from  the  tramways  for  the  year 
)U8t  ended  are  more  than  £900  over  last  year's  figures,  the  total 
amount  from  all  sources  reaching,  approximately,  £35,500. 

Little  Hiilton. — The  South  Lanes.  Tramways  Co.  is 
making  exceptionally  rapid  progress  in  constructing  the  new  tram- 
ways through  Little  Hulton.  Connections  with  the  company's 
existing  system  will  be  made  at  the  Ellesmere  Memorial,  Walkden, 
and  at  Buckley  Lane,  Farnworth. 

Luton. — The  T.C.  has  decided,  subject  to  the  consent 
of  the  B.  of  T  ,  to  lease  for  a  further  term  of  10  years  the  electric 
tramways  to  Balfour,  Beatty  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Manchester. — A  general  reduction  of  car  fares  on  aP 

the    routes    in    the    city   has    been    adopted    by    the    Tramways 

Committee.      As    an    experiment,    cheaper    fares    have    been    in 

operation    on    three    routes,   and    Mr.    J.    M.    McElroy    (general 

manager)    declares    that   the    result    of   the  experiment   is  guch 

that  the  Committee  would   not  be  justified   in  withholding  the 

proposed   reduction   of  the  fares  on  the  remaining  routes.      The 

experiment  referred  to  covered  a  period   of  three  months.      The 

passengers  carried  numbered  13,710,673,  against   12^)39,136  in  the 

corresponding  period  a  year  ago.   The  receipts  amounted  to  £60,t!iO, 

against  £60,276  in  the  same  period  a  year  ago.       Referring  to  the 

,    general   all-round   reduction,   Mr.   McElroy   states   that  although 

[    there  may  be  some  diminution  of  the  net  earnings,  it  will  not  be 

(   of  such  a  substantial  nature  as  seriously  to  affect  the  financial 

position  of  the  department. 
;  The  annual  report  of  the  tramways  undertaking  was  before  the 
Tramways  Committee  on  Tuesday.  There  is  an  increasing  revenue, 
and  profits  are  well  maintained  in  spite  of  higher  labour,  power, 
and  other  costs.  The  length  of  track  was  188  mOes  651  yd.,  an 
increase  of  3  miles  687  yd.  over  the  previous  year.  The  traffic 
revpnue  increased  from  £845,460  (in  1911-12)  to  £876,022.  Working 
expenses  increased  from  £530,068  to  £557,737,  and  the  gross  profit 
increased  from  £326,720  to  £329,909.  A  slight  decrease  in  the 
revenue  per  car-mile  is  due  to  reductions  in  fares,  and  an  increase 
in  the  traffic  expenses  is  accounted  for  by  increased  scale  of  wages 
adopted  for  nearly  all  grades  of  labour  chargeable  to  this  account. 
An  increase  in  power  expenses  is  due  to  the  increased  price  per 
unit  paid  to  the  Electricity  Committee  consequent  upon  the  higher 
price  of  coal.  The  consumption  of  electrical  energy  per  car-mile 
shows  a  further  decrease,  notwithstanding  the  increased 
number  of  cars  fitted  with  top  covers.  The  units  consumed 
were  30,514,278  (against  29,890,427  in  1912),  and  the  units  con- 
sumed per  car-mile  were  1,625  (against  1,653).  Of  629  cars  at 
work,  407  have  covered  tops,  38  having  been  fitted  during  the  year. 
The  car-mileage  was  18,768,259  (as  compared  with  18,076,999  in 
the  previous  year),  the  passengers  carried,  187,675,183  (against 
174,424.237),  and  the  amount  paid  in  relief  of  rates  was  £100,000 
against  £85,000).  The  profits  of  the  parcels  department  had 
risen  steadily,  and  last  year  were  £3,568.  The  average  traflfic 
revenue  per  mOe  was  ir202d.  The  car-miles  per  day  per  car 
averaged  97'2.  and  the  average  fare  per  passenger  ri2d. 

Rotherham, — The  Corporation  has  under  consideration 
a  proposal  to  substitute  a  tramways  system  for  the  present  railless 
traction  system  between  Rotherham  and  Maltby. 

Sonthend-on-Sea. — The  net  profits  of  the  Corporation 
electricity  and  tramways  undertakings  for  the  last  financial  year 
amounted  to  £8,056,  of  which  it  is  proposed  to  contribute  £4,700 
to  the  rates. 


§wanNea. — At  u  meeting  f>f  the  Finance  Comtnittoe,  the 
hon.  treuBurer  rtportfid  that  in  the  original  atrre<!iDent  with  the 
TrainwuyM  Co.  wub  u  cliiunc  that  in  the  event  (.f  the  company  p^j- 
irg  a  dividend  of  over  t',  jht  cent.,  there  would  U;  *n  annual  p»y- 
iiiont  ti>  the  Corporation  of  £968.  Heiinir,  howcvrr,  that  It  waa 
doubtful  whether  circumntan'TB  mlifht  ariBO  making  mich  •  |*y- 
mcnt  neceHsary,  the  ohairniaii  naid  he  had  nntwtituted  a  clauM  by 
which  the  couipany  should  annually  pay  the  Corporation  2  |)«raent. 
on  itH  gronB  profits.  The  advantage  of  thin  chan((o  had  »lrc«dy 
been  seen  In  the  payment  to  the  Coriwration  of  the  lam  of  £578 
for  the  hat  year. 

West  8u8.se.x. — A  company  is  applying  to  the  Light 
Railway  CommigsionerB  for  power  to  conBtruot  a  light  railway 
between  Hunston,  West  Wittering,  Went  itchenor  and  Chiche«t«r 
and  Sclst y,  and  to  ac(juire  the  undertaking  of  the  Hundred  of 
Munhood  and  HeUey  Tramway  Co.,  Ltd. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


American    91arconi    Shares.— An    action    has    Ijeen 

brought  by  Mr.  O.  Locker-Lampson,  M.P.,  and  Mr.  P.  Wright 
against  the  directors  of  Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd..  and 
others,  claiming,  as  shareholders,  a  sum  of  upwards  of  one  million 
sterling  in  respect  of  500,000  American  Marconi  shares  which  were 
put  on  the  market  on  April  19th  kst  year.  The  case  is  not  likely 
to  be  heard  before  the  Long  Vacation. 

Angio-Dutch  Telephone. — A  Bill  has  been  introduced 

by  the  Dutch  Government  for  the  establishment  of  telephonic  com- 
munication between  Holland  and  Great  Britain.  The  length  of  the 
proposed  cable  will  be  1G5  km.,  and  the  cost,  which  is  estimated  at 
£62,000,  will  be  equally  shared  by  the  British  and  Dutch  Post 
Offices.  It  is  proposed  to  run  the  cable  from  Westkapelle  (island  of 
Walcheren)  to  Orford  Kees  (Suffolk),  and  it  will  be  laid  before 
September,  1913. 

Australia.  —  The  Conmonwealth  Government  has 
obtained  a  stay  of  prccfedii  gs  under  the  order  granted  by  the 
Full  Court,  authorising  the  Marconi  Co.  to  inspect  the  wireless 
installations  of  the  Government.  The  latter  is  applying  to  the 
Privy  Council  for  special  leave  to  appeal  against  the  decision  of  the 
Full  Court. 

Australia  and  New  Zealand. — Experiments  have  been 

carried  out  recently  between  the  high-power  stations  at  Pennant 
Hills,  near  Sydney,  Js.S.W.,  and  Awanui,  New  Zealand,  a  distance 
of  1,400  nautical  miles,  between  11  a.m.  and  1  p.m.  Communica- 
tion was  successfully  maintained  without  difficulty,  during  day- 
light hours.  Messages  have  been  received  at  night  at  distances  up 
to  4,800  miles. 

Franco-British  Teleplione. — The  French  Chamber  has 

adopted  the  Bill  approving  an  Agreement  for  the  regulation 
of  telephonic  communication  between  the  two  countries.  The 
loaded  telephone  cable  has  enabled  the  Electrophone  to  be  used  for 
hearing  in  London  a  performance  of  "  Fanst  "  at  the  Opera  in 
Paris. 

Imperial  Wireless  Sj  stem. — The  Select  Committee  on 

the  Marconi  Contract  met  on  Wednesday  to  consider  the  draft 
report  of  the  chairman  on  the  accusations  against  Ministers.  The 
Tunes  states  that  it  is  understood  that  the  report,  while  referring 
to  errors  of  judgment  on  the  part  of  Sir  Rufus  Isaacs  and  Mr. 
Lloyd  George,  exonerates  them  from  any  charge  of  corruption.  It 
is  stated  that  the  report  finds  favour  with  neither  party  on  the 
Committee. 

Libel    Action.— The   action  brought  by   Mr.    Godfrey 

Isaacs  against  Mr.  Cecil  Chesterton  (the  editor  of  the  Xeic  Witvet.y) 
for  criminal  libel  was  opened  on  Tuesday.  Sir  Ed.  Careon  appearing 
for  the  plaintiff.  The  alleged  libels  imputed  corruption  to  two 
Ministers  as  well  as  to  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs.  Evidence  was  given 
by  Mr.  H.  Samuel  regarding  the  negotiations  between  the  Post 
OfEce  and  the  company,  and  his  examination  was  continued  on 
Wednesday. 

Pculsen  Contracts. — It  is  reported  that  as  the  result  of 
exhaustive  comparative  tests,  the  United  States  Government  has 
placed  a  contract  with  the  Federal  Telegraph  Co.  for  a  high-power 
station  at  Colon  on  the  Poulsen  system,  witti  a  range  of  3.000  miles 
by  day  or  night.  The  Marconi  Co.  has  instituted  legal  proceedings 
against  the  Federal  Co.  to  prevent  the  execution  of  the  contract, 
on  the  ground  that  it  would  involve  the  infringement  of  1 1  Marconi 
patents. 

The  Siemens  Qnenched-Spark  Wireless  Telejrraph 

System. — Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  &:  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  issued  a  new 
pamphlet  (A.  550)  which  contains  a  good  deal  of  interesting  data 
in  connection  with  modern  wireless  telegraph  stations  for  all 
classes  of  mercantile  vessels.  Messrs.  Siemens  first  took  up  the 
manufacture  at  Woolwich  of  quenched-spark  apparatus  in  1910, 
and  since  that  time  they  have  succesefnlly  carried  out  a  large 
number  of  installations  upon  both  British  and  foreign  vessels,  a 
particularly  large  order  which  has  just  been  completed  being  for 


892 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [VoL  72.  No.  i,858,  iut  30, 1918 


the  equipment  of  the  following  veeeels  owned  by  Messrs.  A.  Holt 
and  Co.  : — w.  Keemun,  Oanfa,  Tevcar,  Bellerophon.  Aulilvc'ive, 
Cyclope,  TalUhyhitu,  Protestilavi,  Ixion,  Titan,  Ajar.  Another 
lar);e  contract  recently  placed  with  Mesers.  Siemens  is  for  the 
equipment  of  the  following'  vessels  of  the  Tank  Storage  and 
Carriage  Co.'s  fleet : — ss.  Cuyahoga,  Saranac,  Cadillac,  Sfiiiinole, 
Kennebec,  Tutcarora,  Dalota/i,  M'tnnehago,  Sclivylkill,  Seiieca, 
Vncan,  Tecumseh,  Shahonec,  Winamac,  Tancahisa,  Tamaha,  Taluliee. 
In  addition  to  orders  for  the  Mercantile  Marine,  Messrs.  Siemens 
have  supplied  several  foreign  Governments  with  wireless  tele- 
graph installations  of  long  range  and  special  design  suitable  for 
naval  purposes.  Besides  marine  installations,  important  contracts 
for  large  land  stations  have  been,  or  are  being,  carried  out.  We 
are  informed  that  the  system  has  given  exceptionally  good  rtsults 
in  tropical  countries,  and  has  been  adopted  by  the  British  North 
Borneo  Co.  for  comm^cial  stations  at  Lahad  Datu, 
Jesselton,  Sandakan  and  SUimpopon :  and  by  the  African 
Direct  Telegraph  Co.,  at  Freetown  and  Lagos.  From 
some  interesting  statistics  which  are  given,  it  is  shown 
that  of  the  total  number  of  wireless  stations  throughout  the 
world  more  than  .50  per  cent,  are  equipped  on  the  '"  Quenched- 
spark"  system,  in  which  an  efficiency  of  50-7.5  per  cent,  is  obtained 
in  transforming  the  primary  electrical  energy  intx)  useful  radiated 
energy.  This  high  efficiency  has  led  to  the  classification  of  the 
standard  types  of  station  according  to  the  energy  in  the  antenna, 
and  not  according  to  the  primary  energy,  which  is  misleading. 
For  example,  a  15-Kw.  installation  of  the  usual  open  spark  type,  with 
an  efficiency  of  about  30-3.5  per  cent.,  is  said  to  have  only  the  same 
radiative  power  as  a  qnenched-spark  5-KW.  installation.  Other 
advantages  of  this  system  are  also  pointed  out,  such  as  the 
harmonic  nature  and  high  pitch  of  the  propagated  waves,  which 
enable  atmospheric  disturbances  to  be  largely  eliminated  ;  and  the 
absence  of  noise  which,  with  the  ordinary  spark-gap,  necessitates  a 
specially  constructed  sound-proof  cabin  occupying  a  considerable 
amount  of  space,  sometimes  a  serious  matter  on  board  ship.  The 
latter  half  of  this  pamphlet  give  descriptions  of  standard  types  of 
ship  stations  which  have  been  designed  to  embody  great  compact- 
ness of  apparatus.  One  station,  which  has  been  specially  designed 
to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  recent  American  Shipping  Acts, 
and  has  a  guaranteed  range  of  100  miles  by  day,  is  totally 
enclosed  in  a  rcll-front  case,  of  which  the  dimensions  are  only 
4  ft.  8  in.  X  2  ft.  2  in.  X  2  ft.  4  in.  Several  pages  of  the  pam- 
phlet are  devoted  to  records  compiled  from  operators  reports, 
showing  that  the  ranges  guaranteed  are  greatly  exceeded  in  prac- 
tice, distancies  of  more  than  twice  the  guaranteed  range  being  fre- 
quently bridged  when  engaged  upon  ordinary  commercial  traffic. 
The  pamphlet  contains  a  large  number  of  illustrations  of  apparatus 
and  ships  which  have  been  equipped. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


.4lbertOl]. — Tune  10th.  Two  150-KW.  single-phase 
transformers,  for  the  U.D.C.     See  "  Official  Notices"'  to-day. 

Aastralia. — Victoria. — June  2nd.     20,000-volt  h.t. 

switchgear  and  l.t.  switcbgear  and  accessories,  for  the  Melbourne 
Suburban  Railways.     See  "Official  Notices"  May  2nd. 

June  1 1th. — Switchgear  and  instruments,  for  the  Melbourne  City 
Council.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th. 

June  24th. — H.D.  copper  wire,  telephone  parts  and  telephones,  for 
the  P.M.G.     See  "Official  Notices  "  May  23rd. 

July  1st.  Telephone  instruments  and  submarine  cable,  for  the 
P.M.G.     See  '•  Official  Notices  "  May  23rd. 

July  8th.  —  Common  -  battery  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.'s 
Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  8th. — Rubber-covered  wire,  batteries,  telephone  switch- 
boards, measuring  instruments  and  telephone  instruments,  for  the 
P.M.G.     See  ■Official  Notices ''  to-day. 

Tasmania. — June  9th.  Telegraph  and  telephone  material  for 
the  P.M.G."8  Department.     See  "Official  Notices"  May  23rd. 

Queensland. — August  27th.  Five  sections  of  common-battery 
multiple  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

September  10th. — Nine  sections  of  trunk  line  switchboard,  for 
the  P.M.G.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Western  Australia.  —  July  9th  and  30fh  and  ADgujt  6th. 
Telegraph  and  telephone  material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department. 
See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

June  11th.  Metal-filament  lamps,  for  the  P.M.G.  See  "Official 
Notices"  May  23rd. 

July  23rd.  —  Telegraph  and  telephone  instruments,  for  the 
P.M  G.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  23rd. — Telephone  switchboards  and  parts,  for  the  P.M  G. 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  30th.— Cable,  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.  See  "  Official 
Notices  '  to-day. 

South  Au.stbalia. — July  16th.  Telegraph  and  telephone 
material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "  Official  Notices  " 
to-day. 

New  South  Walei.— July  9th.  Switchboards,  for  the  P.M.G. 
See  "  Offi:ial  Notices"  to-day. 


Bedford.— June  20th.  About  10,870  tons  of  hard  or 
soft  coal,  for  the  Corporation  electricity  works.  Mr.  Charles 
Btimson,  town  clerk, 

Bel|2:iani. — The  municipal  authorities  of  Liege  are  about 

to  invite  tenders  for  armoured  cables  for  electricity  supply  servicei 
Particulars  from  the  Service  Communal  du  Gaz  et  de  lElectricitd, 
22,  Place  St.  Jean,  Liege. 

The  municipal  authorities  of  Hody  (province  of  Liege)  have  just 
invited  tenders  for  the  concession  for  the  supply  of  electric 
lighting  and  power  purposes  in  the  town. 

Brazil. — The  contract  arranged  between  the  Brazilian 
Government  and  a  private  company  for  the  erection  of  a  telephone 
line  between  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Sao  Paulo  having  been  annulled, 
fresh  tenders  are  invited  by  the  Brazilian  Ministry  of  Public 
Works. 

Deronport. — June  2nd.  Cables,  wires  and  meters  for 
12  months  for  the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices"  May  23rd. 

Dewslmry. — June  2nd.  Twelve  months'  supply  (about 
4,500  tons)  of  steam  eK)al  for  the  Electricity  Works.  Specification, 
Kc,  from  Mr.  R.  H.  Campion,  borough  electrical  engineer 

Dundee. — May  30th.  Steam  and  feed  piping,  steam; 
feed  pumps  and  hot- well  tank.  &c.,  for  the  Corporation  Electrioitj; 
Department.     See  "Official  Notices"  May  16th. 

Germanj'. — The  municipal  authorities  of  Altehessen  are 
at  present  inviting  tenders  for  the  supply  of  a  500-KW.  transformer 
for  the  central  electric  lighting  station. 

Halifax. — June  Gth.  One  natural  draught  chimney  type 
water  cooling  tower,  for  the  Electricity  Department.     See  "  Official 

Notices  "  May  23rd. 

London. — L.C.C. —  June  3rd.  High  and  low-tension 
cables  for  Tramways  Department.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  May  23rd. 

Metropolitan  Asylums  Board. — June  4th.  Extension  of 
internal  telephone  system  and  installation  of  signal  bells  at  the 
Western  Fever  Hospital,  Fulham,  S.W.  See  "Official  Notices" 
May  16th. 

St.  Pancras  —June  9th.  Welsh  and  other  steam  coal  for  the 
Electricity  Department,  57,  Pratt  Street,  N.W. 

Stepney. — The  Electricity  Committee  is  about  to  invite  tenden. 
for  arc  lamp  carbons  and  coal. 

Manchester. —  The  Corporation  Tramways  Committee 

invites  tenders  for  the  supply  and  delivery  of  (a)  Tramcar  trucks, 
and  (i)  Tramcar  wheel  centres.  Mr.  J.  M.  McElroy,  general 
manager. 

Providing  and  fixing  electric  light  fittings  at  the  Grange  Street 
Municipal  School,  Bradford,  Manchester.  Education  Offices,  Deans- 
gate,  Manchester. 

Offers  are  invited  by  the  Corporation  Tramways  Committee  for 
scrap  metals  and  materials.     Mr.  J.  McEIroy,  general  manager. 

June  7th. — The  Electricity  Committee  invites  tenders  for  the 
supply  of  stores  required  during  the  12  months  ended  June  30th, 
1914.  Particulars  and  forms  of  tender  from  Mr.  F.  E.  Hughes, 
secretary.  Electricity  Department,  Town  Hall. 

]fle.\borongli. — ifay  30tb.  Lancashiie  boiler,  for  the 
U.D.C.  Electricity  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  April  25th, 

Oldham. — May  31st.  E.xtra-high-teneion  switchboaid 
for  the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices"  May  23rd. 

Port^monlh. — June    llth.    Wiring  for  electric  light 

installation  at  Workhouse  Infirmary  extensions,  &c.,  Milton.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  May  16th. 

KawtenstaJl.— June  lOth.  One  1,5G0-kw.  turbo-alter- 
nator complete  with  condenser,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  May  23rd. 

Sal  ford.— June  2nd.     1,000  tons  of  steel  tramway  rails. 

General  manager.  Corporation  Tramways,  22,  Blackfriars  Street. 

^'ervia.— Common-battery  wall  and  portable  trlephonei, 
table  telephones,  kc,  for  the  Directorate  of  the  Servian  Telephone*. 
Particulars  from  the  B.  of  T.  Commercial  Intelligence  Department, 
Basinghall  Street,  E.G. 

Sonthanipton. — June  I'Jth.  Electric  lighting  of  the 
fid  pavilions  at  the  Infirmary,  Shirley  Warren.  ^  See  " Official 
Notices"'  to-day. 

Spain. — ^Iaurid. — June  Kith.  Tenders  are  invited  for 
a  concession  to  establish  an  electric  tramway  service  between  Reus 
and  Tarragona.  Provisional  deposit  10,427  pesetas.  Particulars, 
Ministerio  de  Fomento,  Madrid. 

Swansea. — June  Oth.  Installation  of  electric  light  and 
bells  at  the  new  training  college,  Glanmor,  for  the  Education 
Committee.     See  "  Official  Notices"  May  23rd. 


I 

I 


J 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,863,  MAT  30,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


808 


\Vp8t  Ilar(l«'iM»ol.— Juno  1  ttb.  Two  ;iOO-K\v.  rotury 
oonvertorH,  complete  with  tranHformorH,  Bwitcb(;ear,  kc,  for  the 
Corporation.     See  "  OlHoial  NoticcB"  to-day. 


CLOSED. 

itelj(iuili, — Only  one   tender,  llint  of  f,he  Sociotd  d'Elec- 

triciti''  de  IEkI  do  Belpiiiue  wan  Bubiiiittcd  lo  the  municipal 
authorities  of  Welkenraedt  (province  of  Lit-(je)  for  the  conccHbion 
for  the  electric  li(;htin(j  of  the  town. 

Five  concerns  Hubmitted  tenders  to  the  Belgian  Teleiiraph 
authorities  last  week  for  the  supply  and  erection  in  the  bat-ement 
of  the  telegraph  station  at  the  Uoyal  Palace  at  Laeken,  of  two 
rotary  transformers  with  acccsRoriee,  the  lowest  tfVtr  beinj;  that 
of  the  S<)ci('t('  Internationale  de  rElectricilo  of  Liejje. 

BennJs  Contracts. — The  followinj^  contracts  have  been 

placed  with  Mcsurs.  E.  Hecnis  &  Co.,  Ltd.  : — 

Harnsley  Corporation  electricity  works.— Six  "Beiinis"  mechaDiCBl  stokers 
*nd  self  cleaning  compreesedair  furnaers  (cr  Lancailiire  btileis. 
Keiieat  order. 

Barrow  inFiirncsB  Corporation  electricity  works.— "Bennis"  coal  con- 
veyor, &c. 

Morecamhe  Corporation  electricity  undeitnkiDK.— Two  "Bennis"  stokers 
and  sell-cleaning  cciupressedair  furnaces.     Repeat  order. 

Blackpool. — A  Baths  sub-Committee  has  recommended 
the  tender  of  Mr.  Geo.  Morrison,  for  an  electric  light  installation,  for 
acceptance. 

Buenos  Ajres. — Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works, 
Ltd.,  have  obtained  a  contract  for  the  supply  of  12,000  "  Wotan  " 
lamps  for  use  on  the  Buenos  Ayres  Great  Southern  Railway. 

Carlisle. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  following  tendeis : — 

Browett,  Liodley  &  Co.— Engine  and  dynamo  set,  £2,708. 

Stirling  Boiler  Co. — Water-tube  boiler,  superheater,  mecbanical  stckers, 

Ac,  £1,610. 
KortiDg  Bros. -Multi- jet  ejector  condenser,  £85. 

Ckckheaton. — The  T.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  F.  W.  Birkett  &  Son  for  installing  the  electric  light  at  the 
Baths  ;  and  those  of  the  Cleckheaton  Colliery  Co.  and  Messrs.  \Vm. 
Bennett  &  Sons  for  coal  for  the  electricity  works. 

Dover. — The  Works  Committee  has  under  consideration  a 
letter  received  from  Messrs.  Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  stating  that  they 
were  not  prepared  to  carry  out  their  tender  for  the  construction  of 
the  tramway  only  in  connection  with  the  Council's  pier  scheme. 
The  Town  Clerk  reports  having  been  in  communication  with  the 
next  lowest  tenderers,  viz.,  Messrs.  G.  P.  Trentham,  Ltd.,  whose  price 
was  £3,289,  and  who  were  prepared  to  carry  out  the  wcirk  at  the 
price  ciuuted,  and  Messrs.  Paramort',  who,  as  their  tender  for  the 
road  con-truclion  had  been  atoepttd,  were  prepared  to  undertake 
the  contracts  for  both  wcrks  for  the  sum  of  £15  0^2,  making 
their  price  for  the  tramway  the  same  as  that  quoted  by  Messrs. 
Dick,  Kerr  &  Co. 

East  Ilaiii. — The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted 
by  the  T.C.  :— 

Rav  Electric  Co.— Installation  of  electric  light  at  sewage  works,  £67. 

Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd. — bupply  of  permanent  way  material  required  in 
connection  with  the  reconstruction  and  duplication  of  the  tiamway 
track  in  High  Street  Norih,  £'i7G  (quotations  weie  also  receivi  d  fiom 
the  Titan  Trackwork  Co.,  and  Hadfield's  Bteel  Foundry  Co.) ;  50  tons  of 
90-lb.  girder  tram  rails,  £8  16s.  per  ton. 

France. — The  French  Post  and  Telegraph  authorities  in 
Paris  have  placed  a  contract  with  La  Societe  des  Ateliers  de  Con- 
structions Electrique  du  Nord  for  200  km.  rubber  and  fireproof 
cotton-covered  copper  cables,  and  one  with  the  Societe  desTrefileries 
du  Havre  for  100  km.  ditto. 

Grimsby. — The  Lighting  Committee  of  the  T.C.  on 
Monday  accepted  the  following  tenders  : — 

British  Westinghouse  Co.,  Ltd.— Condensing  plant,  £550. 

Blake  *  Co.— Coohng  lower,  £129. 

rCey  Engineering  Co. — Conduits,  £124. 

Bertram  Thomas.— Switchboard,  £302. 

Bipkin,  Grimsby. — Foundations,  £454. 

J.  Brown  &  Co.— Pitch. 

Reigliley. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the 

following  tenders  : — 

British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd  -Turbo-alternator  plant,  £700. 
Herbert  Morris,  Ltd.— Supply  and  flsirg  runways,  £112. 
Hird  Bros.  &  Co.— Reinforced  concrete  water  tower.  £838. 
J.  A.  Mullen. — Painting  and  decorating  and  repairs  to  roof  at  electricity 
works,  £58. 

The  Tramways  Committee  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Trackless 
Trolley,  Ltd.,  for  two  trolley  vehicles,  at  £1,420. 

London. — Stepney. — The  tender  of  the  B.I.  and  Helsby 

Cables,  Ltd.,  to  supply  2-t  street  boxes  for  £129,  six  for  £61  lOs, 
and  that  of  the  Universal  Electrical  Manufacturing  Co.  for  six 
street  boxes  for  £62  5s.,  have  been  accepted  by  the  B.C. 

Mexborough.— The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Galloways,  Ltd.,  for  a  Lancashire  boiler  for  the  electricity 
works,  at  £723. 

Norwich. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  following  tenders 

for  coal  for  the  electricity  works  : — 

W.  Cory  &  Son,  Ltd.— 4,C00  tons  Scotch  washed  peas,  ICs.  per  ton,  f.o.b. 

Bo'ness  or  other  port ;  1,000  tons  of  Kewdigate  peas,  at  16s.  8d.  per  ton, 

f.o.r.  Norwich  ;   and  1,000  tons  of  Arley  peas,  at  16s.  lOd.  per  ton,  f.o.r. 

Norwich, 
r.  Collier  &  Sons,  Ltd.— 2,000  tons  of  Kewstead  nutty  slack  delivered  into 

bankers  at  the  works,  at  17b,  Id.  per  ton, 


South  .itrica,  — McBsrs.  .Sieniena  Urtm.  Dynamo  Work*, 
Ltd.,  have  obtained  a  contract  for  .'i.fiOO  "  Wot*n  "  drawn -tangitan 
wire  lampn  for  the  Union  of  South  Africa. 

Mouthend-on-Sea.— Tlic  T.C.  hag  accepted  the  following 
tendprH  : 


Korfund     A ntl  Vibration     I 

foundation*  for  Ibn  i- 
Edward  BcniiiH,  Ltd.-  6(,i 
Chloiidu  Klccirlral  Co.     I 


i]«r    tba    c-iiicr*t« 


Hilt,  M.OOI. 
XH8. 


Ntaljltridtce. — The  Joint  TrumwiiyH  and  Klcctricity 
Board  has  accepted  the  tender  of  McitiirH.  TinkcrH,  Ltd.,  for  boilers. 

'rannton,— The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  ,Mf«8rH. 
Warner  A:  Co.  for  a  Htcam-drivt-n  fe«d   pomp  for  the  electricity 

works,  at  C7-1. 

Walsall. — The  T.(!.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Caliender'H 

Cable  iV  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  cable,  at  £601,  and  that  of  the 
British  Westinghouse  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  t>ub-Btation  eriuipmc-nt,  at  £167. 

West  Hani.— Mr.  II.  li.  Mansfield  has  received  an  order 
from  the  Corporation  for  a  1 2  months'  eopply  of  stoneware  dacta, 
at  £27  38.  !)d.  per  1,000  delivered. 

West  Kirby  (near  Birkenhead). — The  Electric  .Supply 

Committee  of  the  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  purchase  a  400-Kw.  steam 
alternator  and  engine  (£2,491  J  and  condensing  plant  (£l,749j,  the 
Successful  firms  being  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros,  Messrs.  Bellies  and 
Morcom,  and  Messrs.  Ledward  Si  Beckett,  respectively. 

Woolwich. — The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
British  Electric  Transformer  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  supply  of  transformers 
on  the  following  basis  prices  for  the  respective  sizes  : — 45  k.v.a., 
£1'.)'.);  40  K.v  A.,  £138;  5  k.v.a,  £41  58.;  90  K.V.A.,  £316.  The 
tender  of  the  Yorkshire  Copper  Works,  Ltd.,  has  also  been  accepted 
for  a  supply  of  tubes  for  re-tubing  the  second  large  condenser 
•  at  the  Plumstead  works,  at  lOjd.  per  lb. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


Institution  of  Electrical  Enflneers.-Friday,  May  SOth.  At  8  p.m.  London 
Annual  General  Meetir  g.  Paper  on  "  Practical  Application  of  Telephone 
Transmission  Calculations,"  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Aldridge. 

Pbysical  Society.- Friday.  May  SOth.  At  6  p.m.  At  the  Imperial  College 
of  ccience,  botth  Kensington,  8.W.  Paper  on  "  Eleciro-Thetmai 
Phencmena  at  the  Contact  of  two  CoDduct<>r8  with  a  Theory  of  a  Class  of 
Radio-Telegraph  Detectors,"  by  Dr.  W.  U.  Eccles. 

Boyal  Institution  of  Great  Britain.— Saturday,  May  Slst.  At  8  p  m.  Lec- 
ture on  '  Hadiouciiviry  i  the  Origin  of  the  B- la  and  Uamma  Rays  and  the 
Connection  Betw.-e..  Them."  by  Vr<  f.  E.  Rutherford. 

Ihiirtidai,  June  fiih.— At  8  p.m.  Lecture  on  "Recent  Chemical 
Advai  ces  ;  1  he  6t  uoture  (  f  Crystals.,'  by  Prof   W.  J.  Pope. 

Satu  day,  June  7ili.— At  3  pm.  Lecture  on  "Kadi-activity;  The 
Radioactive  Slate  of  th«  Earth  ai.d  Atmofphere,"  by  Prof.  E.  Ruiberford. 

Illuminating  Engineering  Society.-  Tuesday,  June  Srd.  At  S.3ri  p.m.  At  the 
K'/y»l  boeieiy  of  Aria,  Adeiphi,  VV.C.     Annual  gtneral  meeting. 

Institution  of  Mining  Engineers.— Thursday,  June  5th.  At  11  a.m.  At 
Bu.luigton  ho^l^e.  t'lc.  ad  iiy,  w.  General  meeting.  Paper  on  "Insulated 
and  Barf  Ci-pper  and  Ah' minium  Cables  for  the  Tran«mi^6ion  of  Eleciiical 
Energy,  wiih  Spicial  Hefere  cb  to  Miniig  Work,"  by  Mr.  B.  Welboum. 
Followed  by  visit  to  the  Mining  Machinery  Eibibition,  at  the  Royal 
Agricultural  Hall,  N. 

Friday,  June  6th.— At  10.5  a.m.  Excursion  to  Chingford  Reservoir  of 
the  M.W.B. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  OfBoet^LiECT.-CoL.  H.  M.  Leaf. 

The  following  orders  have  been  iisned  for  the  current  week  : — 

Monday,  June  2nd.— "A"  Compary.  Infantry  drill,  7  to  9  p.m  ;  technical 
in^^truction  for  all  members  on  the  6(h  rate,  and  for  all  candidates  lor 
higher  rating,  7  to  9  p.m. ;  musketry  instruction,  9  to  10  p  m. 

Tuesday,  June  Srd. — "  B  "  Company.    Ditto. 

Thiursday,  June  5th.—"  C  "  Company.    Ditto. 

Friday,  June  6th.—"  D  "  Company.    Ditto. 

Saturday,  June  7th.— Headquarters  will  be  opened  for  regimental  business 
from  10  a.m.  to  12  noon. 


(Signed) 


P.  H.  CAiiPBKii,  Capt.  R.E.,  and  Adjt. 

For  Officer  commanding  L.B.B. 


Strike  Trouble  at  .Manchester.  —  A  correspondent 

writes:  "The  overhead  wiremen  forming  the  night  shift  on  the 
Manchester  Corporation  Tramways  decided  to  come  out  on  strike, 
and  at  midnight  on  Monday  the  men  on  duty  ceased  work.  The 
men  allege  that  after  concessions  had  been  granted,  the  manage- 
ment stultified  them  by  appointing  a  number  of  time-expired  men 
from  the  Xavy  who,  it  is  said,  were  paid  less  than  the  usual  rate. 
It  was  understood  that  the  Tramways  Committee  should  receive  a 
deputation  from  the  Electrical  Trades  Union  on  Thursday. 

iDquiries. — A  reader  asks  for  advice  as  to  the  best  metal 
to  use  for  handling  juices  containing  acetic  acid  ;  another  urgently 
requires  armature  stampings  up  to  7  iq. 


894 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,         [Voi.  73.  no.  i.sbs,  mat  so,  1913. 


NOTES. 


A  Contributor  Thanked.— For  several  weeks  we  have 

been  asking  for  *600  for  the  E.T.B.I.  To-day  we  are  asked  to 
advise  the  contributor  at  Wimbledon  who  sent  the  sum  of  five 
ehillings  to  Mr.  P.  A.  Lnndberir,  a  member  of  the  Committee,  on 
behalf  of  the  Fond,  and  omitted  to  send  hiei  name,  that  his  donation 
has  been  received. 

Electrical  Machinery,  &c.,  Imported  into  India. — 

The  India  OflSce  has  issued  a  volume  of  tables  dealing  with  the 
trade  of  India  during  the  years  1907-8,  1908-9,  1909-10,  1910-11 
and  1911-12,  which  show  that  the  United  Kingdom  continues  to 
hold  a  big  lead  over  other  countries  in  regard  to  the  electrical 
machinery  she  exports  to  that  country.  In  1911-12  the  United 
Kingdom  sent  electrical  machinery  to  the  value  of  £198,2.31,  as 
compared  with  £182,014,  £177,773,  £204.682  and  £153,674  respec- 
tively in  the  four  preceding  years.  Germany's  total  in  1911-12 
was  £30,007,  as  against  £.i0,49fi,  £7.133,  ^4, .584  and  £15,990  in  the 
four  preceding  years.  The  United  States  sent  machinery  to  the 
value  of  £26,223,and  Italy  to  the  value  of  £12,842.  Under  the 
heading  of  "  Electrical  instruments,  apparatus  and  appliances,  and 
parts  thereof,"  the  value  of  the  goods  sent  from  the  United  King- 
dom was,  in  1911-12,  £390.662.  as  compared  with  £294,344, 
£263,593,  £282,809  and  £29,5,559  in  the  preceding  four  years  re- 
spectively. In  the  last  recorded  year  Germany  sent  such  goods  of 
the  value  of  £35,260,  and  the  United  States  of  the  value  of  £5,401. 

Experiments  on  Tnnfrsten  Lamps. — The  Engineer- 
ing standards  Committee  has  issued  Parts  Nos.  1  and  2  of  the 
Report  of  Experiments  on  Tungsten  Filament  Glow  Lamps  (No.  60). 
The  experiments  were  undertaken  by  the  National  Physical 
Laboratory  to  assist  the  Sub-Committee  on  Physical  Standards  of 
the  Engineering  Standards  Committee  in  dealing  with  the  question 
of  tungsten  filament  lamps  from  the  point  of  view  of  standardi- 
sation. Although  the  number  of  lamps  tested  for  useful  life 
was  not  large,  the  lamps  dealt  with  were  representa- 
tive, and  a  very  large  number  were  tested  for  candle-power 
rating,  being  lent  for  that  purpose  by  several  lar^e  users.  The 
diagrams  accompanying  the  report  form  a  separate  volome  in 
order  that  the  text  and  the  diagrams  may  the  more  easily  be  com- 
pared and  studied.  A  careful  perusal  of  the  report  affords  a  large 
amount  of  useful  and  interesting  data  as  to  the  uniformity  in 
individual  batches  of  tungsten  lamps  as  made  in  this  country  and, 
although  the  makers  of  the  lamps  are  referred  to  under  a  letter 
of  the  alphabet  and  not  the  actual  name,  the  report  generally 
should  prove  of  considerable  advantage  to  all  large  buyers  and 
of  real  interest  to  the  industry  at  large. 

The  Metric  System. — The  annual  report  of  the  Decimal 
Association  states  that  all  measures  and  weights  in  the  new  British 
Pharmacopoeia  will  be  in  the  metric  system.  In  view  of  the 
adoption  of  the  metric  carat  of  200  mgm.  in  the  United  States,  the 
London  jewellers  are  doing  their  best  to  have  its  use  made  com- 
pulsory throughout  the  trade.  The  Government  of  the  Union  of 
South  Africa  introduced  a  Bill  last  year  adopting  the  metric  system, 
but  pressure  of  other  business  prevented  its  passage.  The  Dominions 
Royal  Commission,  which  was  appointed  last  year  to  inquire  into 
the  trade  of  the  British  Empire,  has  been  urged  by  the  Congress  of 
Chambers  of  Commerce  of  the  Empire  to  press  the  adoption  of 
uniform  weights  and  measures,  the  metric  system  being  recom- 
mended. The  system  will  be  adopted  in  Malta  on  July  Ist  next 
year.  Siam  and  China  have  taken  definite  steps  towards  the  intro- 
duction of  the  metric  system,  which  has  also  received  the  official 
approval  of  the  Russian  Government,  embodied  in  legislation 
extending  its  permissive  use,  and  preparing  for  its  obligatory 
adoption. 

When  Russia  has  completed  this  process,  the  only  great  nations 
continuing  to  muddle  along  with  a  hodge-podge  of  heterogeneous 
and  chaotic  units  will  be  the  two  which  pride  themselves  on  being 
the  leaders  of  civilisation — the  United  States  and  the  United 
Kingdom  (not  the  British  Empire,  for  by  that  time  the  Dominions 
will  have  made  the  change). 

When  a  Hisrh-Voltape  Wire  Breaks. — What  happens 

when  a  high-pressure  electric  wire  breaks  is  shown  in  the  accom- 
panying photograph  of  a  cement  sidewalk  in  a  California  city.  The 
wire  fell  upon  it  and  writhed  about,  emitting  sparks  and  flames 
untU  the  current  was  shut  off.    After  the  danger  was  over  and  the 


Distinctive  Street  Lights.— San  Bernardino,  Cali- 
fornia, is  planning  to  install  a  distinctive  form  of  lamp  post  in  the 
shape  of  an  arrowhead,  the  significance  of  this  design  being  a 
natural  landmark  on  one  of  the  near-by  mountains,  a  huge  arrow- 
head, several  acres  in  extent,  which  forms  a  bare  place  on  the  slope, 
and  which  was  regarded  by  the  Indians  as  the  sign  of  the  Great 
Spirit.      As  the    'City  of  the   Arrowhead,"   San  Bernardino  has 


F 


Marks  of  Fcbion  on  OEiiEXT. 

wire  removed,  it  was  found  that  the  electricity  had  fused  the  cement 
where  it  had  come  in  contact  with  it,  burning  little  depressions 
about  half  an  inch  deep  and  an  inch  or  more  wide,  which  were 
glazed  like  china  ware.  This  gives  an  idea  of  the  exceedingly  high 
temperature,  for  cement  it  by  no  means  easy  to  fuse. 


A  Symbolic  L.\mp-posi. 

sought  to  emphasise  its  symbol,  and  to  that  end  street  lights  of 
that  design  have  been  installed.  Two  forms  have  been  displayed 
on  the  city  streets,  and  the  people  will  decide  which  is  better 
adapted  to  the  purpose,  after  which  all  the  city  lights  will  take 
that  form.  One  of  them  is  mounted  upright  on  an  ordinary 
standard,  the  outline  of  the  arrowhead,  point  downward,  carrying 
four  large  globes  with  bulbs.  The  illustration  leads  us  to  speculate 
on  the  possible  results  of  applying  the  idea  in  this  country  ;  what, 
for  instance,  would  be  the  devices  adopted  by  Burton-on-Trent.  or 
Coventry,  or  Yarmouth  ? 

Cable  Discounts. — Under  the  above  title,  in  our  issue 
of  August  30th  last  year,  there  appeared  a  series  of  formulas 
designed  to  facilitate  the  working  out  of  net  prices  of  cable  from 
the  list  prices.  The  recent  alteration  in  the  discounts  necessitates 
a  new  set  of  formulae  ;  and  they  are  given  hereunder.  ''  L,"  of 
course,  is  the  list  price  per  mile,  expressed  in  pounds  and  decimals 
thereof. 

C.M.A.  £  per  mile  —  lOLXix  }  —  5^  of  i/w  result. 

8.  per  coU    =  100  L  x  -("j  x  -j^  —  g^  of  tM  rennlt. 

d.  per  yard  =  10lx^x,V  —  gjg  of  the  rexult. 
"Non."  £  per  mile  =  l/2  —  l/90  -t-  j^jy^  of  the,  remit. 

B.  per  coil     =  l/2  -f  l/9  -I-  t^  of  the  result. 

d.  per  yard  =  l/IO  x  I  -|-  -^j-,  of  the  result. 
In  each  case  the  terms  in  roman  type  give  an  approximation  only, 
sufficiently  close,  however,  for  all  practical  purposes.  If  greater 
accuracy  is  desired,  the  inclusion  of  the  final  term— that  In 
italics — will  give  results  correct  to  five  figures.  As  an  example, 
take  "  non-a*sociation  "  cable  of  a  list  price  of  £100  a  mile.  The 
price  per  yard,  according  to  the  last  formula  above,  would  be 
6'6666  .  .  pence,  as  a  first  approximation  ;  or  6T)733  .  .  pence,  as 
corrected  by  the  inclusion  of  the  final  term.  The  exact  figure, 
worked  out  by  the  usual  lengthy  process,  is  6'6732954  pence.  The 
discrepancy  of  0000378  pence  per  yard  is  not  likely  to  disturb  the 
equanimity  of  the  most  conscientious  of  contractors. — H.  R.  T. 

Electric  Cookini^  Demonstrations, — For  several  days 

last  week,  one  of  the  larger  rooms  at  the  Town  Hall,  Stratford, 
was  given  over  to  the  very  useful  purpose  of  initiating  those 
members  of  the  public  who  were  sufficiently  interested  to  attend  in 
response  to  an  invitation  from  the  Corporation  Electricity  Depart- 
ment, into  the  mysteries  and  the  economies  and  manifold  other 
advantages  of  electric  cooking.  The  magician,  lecturer,  demonstrator 
and  cook,  all  rolled  into  one — though  we  ought  to  explain  that  be 
repeatedly,  and  with  emphasis,  asseverates  that  h.3  is  no  cook  at  all, 
but  only  an  engineer — was  the  peripatetic,  ubiquitous,  irrepressible 
Mr.  Grogan.  With  all  that  he  said  in  the  course  of  an  hoar's 
rapid  and  effective  conversational,  but  none  the  less  convinc- 
iner,  lecture,  punctuated  here  and  there  with  the  pungent 
odours  of  grilling  bacon,  display  of  the  artistic  pattern 
on  electric  toast,  and  so  on,  we  need  not  deal,  but  it  undoubtedly 
admirably  answered  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  desie'ned.  Did 
it  not  set  the  fair  sex  looking  at  each  other  in  astonishment  as  the 
"  Tricity  "  advocate  got  his  points  home  .'  And  did  it  not  set  them 
askiner  all  sorts  of  searching  questions  when  the  lecturer  had  got  home 
on  that  question  of  shrinkage,  and  had  at  last  shut  down  .'  Did  it  not 
send  the  representative  of  the  ga«  company  away  speechlew 
— yet  bursting  with  indignation .'  Two  audiences  per  day 
gathered ;    lometimea  they  were  larger  than  at  other  timea,  bnt 


Vel.  72.    No.  1,85:1,  May  mi,  lOlH.l 


THE    ELKCTRK^AL    KKVII<:W 


H96 


w«  nro  Buro  that  tliiH  Hort  of  thiiiu  can  only  do  ifood  to  thu 
eleotrioal  cauBo,  bririfr  urift  to  the  mill  of  the  "Tricity  "  apparatUH 
mak(^rH  and  HollorH,  and  (!ookin^^  and  hoalintr  load  to  llio  Woet 
Ham  Corporation  olcotricity  Hupply  dopartmunt.  In  tho  main,  of 
conrso,  it  waH  for  tluH  laHt-nam<Ml  purpOHO  that  the.  dtimonHtrationii 
wpro  orifaniwid  by  MoHHrH.  GillcHpio  .V  HealoH,  th«  Hole  whcdoHalo 
Hellinif  aifontH  for  "Tricity"  cookcrH.  Mr.  (iro^an  advocateH 
hirin);  out  apparatuH,  and  toll«  HtorieH  of  what  happenH  to  a 
borough  clcotrical  engineor  away  in  tho  "  wilds  of  Cumberland," 
whom  hou«owivo8  will  give  no  roat  booauHe  all  this  ycar'n  allow- 
anoo  have  boon  hired  out  and  there  are  none  loft  for  them.  Tho 
electrio  supply  department  at  West  Ilam  established  its  new  cook- 
in(f  and  hoatinu  department  last  autumn,  with  Mr.  Sellarf, 
formerly  of  Newcastle,  in  ohar^'o  thereof,  and  between  then  and 
now  a  2r)()KW.  load  of  this  class  has  been  connected.  Those  who 
do  not  know  the  siilubrious  ncifrhbourhood  of  Stratford  and  West 
Ham  miuht  not  at  first  place  it  in  the  same  category  as  Maryle- 
hone  or  Brompton  and  Kensinprton,  Tunbridjjre  Wells  or  Harrogate 
from  the  residential  cookinjj  load  point  of  view,  but  we  have  no 
doubt  that  the  West  Ham  department,  if  it  continues  to  run 
on  its  present  aprsrressive  lines  under  the  control  of  Mr.  J.  W. 
Beauchamp  and  Mr.  Farndon,  the  sales  manapor,  and  introduces 
those  reduced  charjjes  for  the  cooking  directly,  will  show  that 
anybody  anywhere  is  only  too  plad  to  pet  aomething  for  nothing-, 
with  something  else  thrown  in. 

Electricity  Supply  llitle  League. — On  Saturday  last 

(Empire  Day)  there  was  a  representative  gathering  from  the 
various  clubs  composing  the  above  League,  on  the  range  of  the 
Hackney  Electric  Ritie  Club,  at  Millfields  Road,  Clapton.  The 
object  of  the  meeting  was  a  friendly  tusple  amongst  the  ■\7  com- 
petitors for  the  prizes  offered  for  the  best  shots  at  25,  .'JO  and  100 
yards,  with  a.  handicap  competition  at  25  and  50  yards  as  an 
inducement  for  the  less  experienced  shots.  Amongst  those  present 
to  witness  the  shooting  were  the  president.  Sir  Alexander  Kennedy, 
F.R.S.,  Mr.  L.  L.  Robinson  (borough  electrical  engineer,  Hackney), 
and  Mr.  A.  H.  Shaw  (electrical  engineer  to  the  Ilford  U.D.f!.). 

The  25  yards  competitions  were  decided  first,  and  included  a 
scratch  competition,  handicap  competition,  and  a  rapid-firing  com- 
petition (10  rounds  in  90  seconds).  A  "possible  "  was  recorded  by 
Mr.  F.  Winchcombe,  of  the  Westminster  Electric  Club,  and  secured 
first  prize.  For  the  second  place  there  was  a  tie  at  98  between  Mr. 
Weekes,  of  Shoreditch,  and  Mr.  Neville,  of  Westminster,  and  the 
re-shoot  ended  in  favour  of  the  former.  The  handicap  competition 
drew  36  entries,  with  the  following  results  : — 

Ist.— Mr.  J.  K.  Wells  (Central),  98  plus  handicap  1'14  ...  99"14 
2nd.— Mr. A.  J.Randall  (Poplar),  93  „  6  ...     99-00 

3rd.— Mr.  W.  H.  Dice  (Ilford),     93  „  ST.S        ...     98'68 

In  the  rapid-firing  series  Mr.  Weekes,  of  Shoreditch,  took  first 
prize  with  a  score  of  95,  whilst  Messrs.  Harvey  (Central)  and 
Hilling  (Hackney)  tied  for  second  place  with  93,  and  in  the  re-shoot 
the  former  was  successful. 

In  the  50  yards  scratch  competition,  Messrs.  Wells  (Central)  and 
Weekes  (Shoreditch)  each  scored  '.)(>  and  had  to  re-shoot  to  decide 
the  winner  ;  the  result  was  a  win  for  the  Shoreditch  crack. 

The  handicap  competition  again  drew  the  largest  number  of 
entries,  and  resulted  as  follows  : — 

let.— Mr.  G.  Horley  (Westminster),  98  plus  handicap  1  ...  99  00 
2nd.— Mr.  A.  J.  Randall  (Poplar)        88  „  10-28     ...     9828 

3rd.— Mr.  A.  G.  Hilling  (Hackney)    95  „  3-12     ...     98-12 

There  were  19  entries  for  the  100  yards  scratch  competition, 
which  resulted  in  Mr.  W.  J.  D.  Partridge  (Westminster),  with  a 
score  of  95,  securing  first  place,  whilst  there  was  a  tie  for  second 
between  Mr.  Weekes  (Shoreditch)  and  Mr.  Hilling  (Hackney),  who 
scored  94  each,  but  in  the  re-shoot  the  former  was  an  easy  winner. 

The  championship  of  the  meeting,  carrying  a  gold  medal,  was 
decided  upon  the  aggregate  of  the  three  scratch  events,  and  resulted 
in  a  win  for  Mr.  Weekes,  of  Shoreditch,  with  a  total  of  288,  the 
next  highest  being  Mr.  F.  Winchcombe,  of  Westminster,  with  a 
total  of  281. 

After  the  ties  had  been  decided,  the  president  presented  the  prizes 
to  the  successful  competitors,  and  the  pro3eedings  terminated  with 
the  usual  votes  of  thanks  to  all  concerned. 

Fatalities. — Frank  Stafford  (36),  of  Gorton,  .Man- 
chester, met  with  a  fatal  accident  at  the  electricity  sub-station  on 
the  L.  &  Y.  Railway  at  Holcombe  Brook,  near  Bury,  on  Friday. 
He  was  working  in  the  station  where  machinery  was  being 
completed  in  preparation  for  a  trial  run  of  the  experimental 
electrical  railway  from  Bury  to  Holcombe  Brook,  and  he  fell  from 
a  plank  a  distance  of  20  ft.,  alighting  on  his  head. 

Edmund  Sheard  (37),  tramcar  conductor,  of  Atherton,  died  last 
week.  On  April  23rd  he  was  the  conductor  of  a  South  Lancashire 
Tramway  Co.'s  car,  which  got  out  of  control  whilst  descending  a 
hill.  Two  passengers,  fearing  a  collision  with  another  car,  rushed 
out  and  accidentally  knocked  the  conductor  off  the  platform. 
Sheard  was  found  to  be  suffering  from  concussion  of  the  brain,  and 
he  died  last  week  from  his  injuries. 

The  G!ti.<:g(m-  Ecen'nig  Tunes  reports  that  a  miner  named  Joseph 
Davis  was  killed  while  working  in  KenmuirhUl  Colliery,  Carmyle. 
It  ia  supposed  that  Davis  in  some  unaccountable  way  came  in  con- 
tact with  the  electric  cable,  but  nothing  was  known  of  the  accident 
till  his  comrades  discovered  him  lying  dead.  Deceased  was  2.<  years 
of  age. 

A  lady  was  killed  last  week  in  a  bath  at  St.  Cloud  by  pressing 
the  bcll-puah,  which  had  somehow  become  connected  with  a  high- 
voltage  oirouit.     Death  was  InBtantaneouB. 


Illicit    OoiiiiiiiHHion.s, — At    tljc    Went    [/>ndon    F'oli** 

Court,  a  few  dayH  ago,  Henry  Ilutt,  a  motor  nr  i  '', 

with  £5  5m.  cohIm,  by  Mr.  Knrilhiiiii    who,  fortu'  X 

tho  view  that  he  had  af-'lfMl   an  n  fool  rather  fl  .  '), 

therefore,  did  not  Hond  him  to  prition.  Thai  tliR  tlr«l  hi»if  of  Mr. 
Fordham's  oHtimate  of  hig  conduct  won  about  right  mn-mn  '•fear 
from  the  fact  that  he  made  hiH  corrupt  ofTer  in  a  lett«r  to  •  froyer 
of  motor  lorries  in  the  Hervicc  of  MpHtm.  Levrr  Hroii,,  of  fort 
Sunlight,  Mr.  Arthur  Davleii,  who  took  the  proper  wor«e  of 
Hhowing  th(!  letter  at  once  to  hiw  principals.  Tho  caw  wan  taken 
up  by  the  Secret  CommiiwionH  and  Bribery  Pnrrention  Leaguii  ; 
and  we  are  pleased  to  rejxirt  their  muccchb  in  dealing  with  it.  W« 
trust  that  the  good  example  shown  by  the  buyer  and  bin  principal* 
will  bo  followed  by  othere  in  similar  circumntancfrd,  and  that 
advantage  will  be  taken  of  the  Ijeagne'n  organiBation  whenerer 
occasion  arises.  It  is  a  public  duty  to  stamp  cmt  bribery  and 
blackmail  without  respect  of  pcruonH. 

Turbine    Steamer    Driven     by    Eleetriclty.— It    \% 

reported  from  Sweden  that  the  Steamship  Co.  Kvea  has  recently 
placed  an  order  with  the  r,indholmfcn  Shipbuilding  Yard,  in 
Sweden,  for  two  turbine  steamers,  one  of  which  is  going  to  be 
delivered  in  the  course  of  the  autumn,  while  the  second  will  be 
completed  in  the  course  of  the  spring  next  year.  Both  gteamers  are 
cargo  Bhips,  and  will  be  employed  for  the  coanting  service.  Their 
loading  capacity  will  be  about  1,200  tons  each,  and  they  are  to 
be  constructed  for  a  speed  of  1 1  knots,  and  supplied  with  engine* 
capable  of  developing  1,000  i.h.p.  The  ships  will  be  constructed  a« 
sister  ships,  but,  as  far  as  the  machinery  is  concerned,  one  will 
represent  quite  a  new  departure  from  the  ordinary  types,  aa  it  1« 
going  to  be  fitted  with  turbines,  and  will  be  run  by  means  of 
electricity.  These  turbines  will  be  supplied  by  the  Aktiebolag^t 
Ljungstroms  Aangturbine  (steam  turbine). 

The  Belling  Electric  Cooker.— ^fessrs.  Belling  &  Co., 

of  Enfield,  X.,  are  introducing  the  electric  cooking  stove  shown 
herewith,  with  a  view  to  meeting  the  undoubted  demand  for  this 
class  of  apparatus  at  the  present  time.  It  will  be  seen  that  it  in- 
cludes a  lagged  oven  15  in.  8().  and  21  in.  high,  with  heating 
elements  (the  firm's  standard  fire-bar  elements)  on  the  two  sides,  in 
connection  with  which  three  different  temperatures  can  be  obtained. 
Above  the  oven  is  a  grill  with  three-heat  control  and  plate  warmer, 
and  over  these  a  top  plate  with  three  three-heat  boiling  rings. 
The  total  electrical  loading  is  : —Three  boiling  rings,  1.500  watts 


The  Belling  Choker,  Showing  Ove.v  He.\ter.<. 

each  ;  griller,  1,750  watts  ;  oven,  2,500  watts.  The  crown  plate 
over  the  oven,  and  the  splash  plate  at  the  back  are  white  vitreous 
enamelled,  and  over  the  latter  are  mounted  the  control  switches  ; 
the  boiling  rings  have  no  mica  in  their  construction,  and  are 
guaranteed  for  a  year.  There  ia  not  a  single  joint  or  electrical 
connection  inside  the  oven,  and  the  makers  claim  that  cold  water, 
grease  or  dirt  can  be  thrown  on  to  the  Belling  fire-bar  elements 
without  causing  the  alighteat  injury. 


896 


THE    ELECTHIOAL    JEIEVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,8SC,  May  30,  1913 


Institution   and    Lecture   Xotes.  —  Institutiok  of 

Electrical  Esgiseebs. — The  fifteenth  annual  meetine  of  con- 
tributors to  the  Benevolent  Fund  will  be  held  at  the  Institution 
offices  to-nisrht  (Friday)  at  7.4.5  p.m..  to  receive  the  report  of  the 
Committee  of  management  and  the  accounts  for  the  year  ended 
December,  1912.  The  income  and  expenditure  account  shows,  that 
with  £605  bronpht  forward,  the  income  amounts  to  :t893.  Out  of 
this  grants  have  been  made  to  the  tune  of  £31,  and  there  is  trans- 
ferred to  capital  £612,  that  is  the  whole  of  the  amount  brought 
forward  and  £37  beaide.  The  balance  carried  to  the  balance-sheet 
is  £217.  The  capital  is  £4,642  invested  in  3,  3J  and  4  per  cent, 
stocks,  and  the  year's  dividends  therefrom  amounted  to  -C  136.  The 
donations  of  under  <5  received  during  the  year  totalled  £10  lis.  6d., 
£.5  and  over.  £71  5s.,  and  annual  subscriptions  £65  128. 

Jc-vioR  Institution  ok  Engineers. — A  paper  was  recently 
read  before  the  above  Institution  by  Mr.  Archibald  Alison,  on 
"  H>%t  Accumulators  and  their  Use  in  Exhaust  Steam  Turbine 
Plante." 

Association  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers. — A  general 
meeting  of  the  London  Section  was  held  at  Salisbury  House,  on 
May  22nd.  A  set  of  rules  for  the  Association  was  put  before  the 
meeting  for  their  approval,  a  number  of  additions  and  amendments 
were  made,  and  the  rules  were  finally  agreed  to.  They  are  to  be 
submitted  to  the  branches  for  approval  before  bein^  finally  ratified 
by  the  London  conference  of  delegates.  A  proposal  was  made  that 
a  junior  section  be  formed  to  include  pupils,  apprentices,  A:c.,  and 
that  the  annual  subscription  for  this  Section  should  be  os.,  with 
an  entrance  fee  of  Is.  ;  thi«  was  agreed  to  unanimously.  On  a  report 
being  given  on  the  circumstances  leading  to  the  resignations  and 
subsequent  withdrawal  of  some  of  the  Fife  Power  Co  's  running 
staff,  the  meeting  unanimously  passed  a  resolution  that  the  Com- 
mittee be  empowered  to  take  any  action  at  its  own  dissretion.  In 
the  meantime,  the  Committee  has  decided  to  have  printed  in  leaflet 
form  details  of  this  case  and  others,  and  to  circulate  them  widely 
amongst  station  engineers,  to  show  the  absolute  necessity  for  the 
organisation  of  electrical  station  engineers. 

The  Manchester  branch  recently  held  a  meeting  at  the  Crown 
Hotel,  when  a  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Thomas,  on  ''  The 
Status  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers  and  the  Need  of  an 
Association,"'  which  was  followed  by  a  lively  discussion.  The 
latter  part  of  the  meeting  took  the  form  of  a  social  evening,  and  a 
few  musical  items  were  rendered. 

The  above  paper  is  to  be  read  at  an  extraordinary  general 
meeting  of  the  Association  in  London  next  month.  This  meeting 
will  be  arranged  to  be  coincident  with  the  conferenoe  of  delegates 
from  all  the  principal  centres  of  the  United  Kingdom,  and  the 
delegates  will  be  asked  to  report  on  the  orogressand  views  expressed 
by  the  various  branches  concerned.  The  date  and  luUer  details 
wiU  be  announced  shortly. 

The  Coscbete  I.sstitcte. — The  report  of  the  Council  for  the 
past  session  shows  that  on  May  8th  there  were  947  members,  and 
the  total  membe-ship  was  1,006,  an  increase  of  98.  It  is  proposed 
to  form  classes  of  Associate  Members  and  Associates.  The  income 
for  the  year  was  £1,043,  and  the  expenditure  £'9.51,  leaving  a 
surplus  of  £92.  The  assets  were  valued  at  £47.5.  The  third 
annual  dinner  of  the  Institute  was  held  at  the  Connaught  Rooms 
on  May  22nd,  Mr.  E  P.  Wells,  the  prenident,  being  in  the  chair. 

Association  of  Mining  Electuical  Engineers. — A  lecture 
on  "The  Manufacture  of  Electric  Cables"  was  given  by  Mr.  F.  F. 
TJnwin,  Birmingham,  to  a  meeting  of  the  Association  at  Cardiff,  on 
Saturday.  May  17th. 

The  lliames  Ironworks. — It  is  reported  that  Mesbrs. 

Vickers  have  purcha:-ed  the  Thames  Ironworks  at  Greenwich  as  a 
joint  concern.  Tde  Canning  Town  property  has  been  taken  over 
by  the  Great  Eistem  Railway  Co.  Another  newspaper  report  says 
that  the  plant  and  machinery  still  remaining  on  Wednesday  morn- 
ing had  been  sold  to  Mr.  W.  Defries,  of  Defries,  Ltd.,  ironfounders 
and  engineers,  Antelope  Foundry,  Deptford. 

Appointments    Vacant. — Assistant  engineers  (21-24) 

in  Engineer-in-Chief's  Department.  G.P.O.  :  shift  engineer  for 
Stockton-on-Tees  (323.)  ;  commercial  assistant,  for  the  Birmingham 
Electricity  Department  (£100)  ;  chief  assistant  electrical  engineer, 
for  the  Corporation  Electricity  Department,  Gillingham  (£150)  ; 
junior  engineer,  for  the  Morley  Corporation  Electricity  Depart- 
ment :  visiting  teacher  of  electric  wiring,  for  the  L  C.C.  School  of 
Engineering  and  Navigation,  Poplar  (lOs.  6d.  per  evening)  ;  sub- 
fitation  t-hift  engineer,  for  the  Electricity  Department, .  Bristol 
(3.58.)  :  switchboard  attendant,  for  Portsmouth  Corporation  (25s  )  ; 
Bwitcbbiard  attendant,  for  Salford  Corporation  (26s.).  See  our 
advertisement  pages  today. 

Strike. — It  is  reported  that  4,000  men  employed  by 
Mepsr.^.  .'^'ewarts  &  Lloyde,  L'.d.,  at  Halesowen,  came  out  on  strike 
on  Wedi  e  day.  .'■:;? 

'Hie  '•Timfs'"  Time. — AVe  have  noticed  with  interest 
that  lor  some  days  the  clock  over  the  doorway  of  our  honoured 
cintemporary.  the  77mr.<,  has  been  deprived  of  its  hands.  This 
may  be  a  drastic  punishment  for  past  errors,  but  from  personal 
experience  extending  over  many  years  we  can  vouch  for  its  justice. 
This  particular  clock  i< — ^or  rather  has  been — one  of  the  most  per- 
sistently mendacious  "time-keepers"  (save  the  mark)  with  which 
we  are  acquainted,  and  its  face  ou^ht  to  be  as  crimson  as  a  blush 
rose.  We  tru'-t  that  its  present  forlorn  condition  is  a  sign  of 
coming  reform.  But  the  7'(  w.v  does  not  stand  alone  :  the  condition 
of  the  public  clocks  of  London  is  a  scandal  which  refle'^ts  the 
greatest  discredit  upon  the  capital  of  our  Enpire.  The  constantly 
varying  discrepancy  between  the  said  clock  and  that  of  Messrs. 
Spiers  Jc  Pond  close  by  has  amused  U''.  at  the  same  time  that  it  has 


emphasised  the  need  of  strong  measures.  London  is  dotted  all  over 
with  clocks  showing  false  time,  many  of  them  under  the  control 
of  professional  watch  and  clock  makers. 

Some  clockmakers,  however,  have  condescended  to  introduce 
Greenwich  time^ — which  is  now  so  cheap  that  they  all  ought  to 
employ  it.  We  are  glad  to  be  able  to  add  that  we  have  never  known 
the  clock  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  to  be  wrong,  though  from  our 
position  on  Ludgate  Hill  we  have  it  constantly  under  observation, 
and  Messrs.  Bensjn's  clock  close  by  affords  a  reliable  standard  with 
which  to  check  it. 

The  Leicester  Strike. — A  Leicester  paper  records  that 
"  the  dispute   in  the  electrical  trade  has  ended,  and  the  operativee 
are  to  return  to  work  forthwith."      According  to  the  new  agree-    j 
ment,  the  experienced  wiremen  are  to  get  9d.  an  hour  in  August,    ' 
atid  the  others  a  minimum  of  not  less  tljan  8id."  3 

Stealing. — At  the  Lambeth   Police  Court  on  Tuesday  a  i 
labourer,  named  Randall,  was  sentenced  to  six  weeks  in  the  second 
division  for  stealing  electric  fittings,  the  property  of  the  Southwark 
Borough  Council.  • 

A  \oted  Tile. — AVe  have  been  asked  to  insert  the  acoom-  . 
panying  device   as  an   interesting   souvenir  of  the  I.B.E.  visit  to 
I'aris.      The  allusions   will    be  appreciated   by   those   who   were 
present  at  the  meeting  and  who  will  recognise  a  familiar  landmark, 


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the  subject  of  many  facetious  comments,  which  were  received  by 
the  wearer  with  unfailing  good  humour.  The  design  was  elabo- 
rated by  a  self-appointed  committee,  and  formally  submitted  to  the 
President  and  the  gentleman  most  closely  concerned  for  approval. 

Failure  of  the  Telephone  Service. — A  fire  at  a  lace 

factory  near  Nottingham,  says  the  Times,  caused  damage  to  the  extent 
of  more  than  £20,000  on  Saturday  last :  the  fire  broke  out  at  the 
top  of  a  seven-storey  building,  and  attempts  were  made  to  call  the 
fire  brigade  from  Nottingham,  which  is  less  than  three  miles  away, 
but  for  half  an  hour  it  was  impossible  to  get  through  on  the  tele- 
phone. Eventually  a  call  was  put  through  on  a  private  wire,  and 
the  motor  fire  engines  arrived  ir  a  few  minutes,  after  which  they 
quickly  brought  the  fire  under  control,  and  saved  the  greater  part 
of  the  factory.  Had  it  been  possible  to  effect  communication 
directly  the  fire  was  discovered,  obviously  the  loss  would  have 
been  comparatively  trivial. 

This  is  another  glaring  example  of  the  inefficiency  of  the  tele- 
phone service  under  the  Post  Office  regime ;  the  fact  that  com- 
plaints have  been  frequent  since  the  Government  assumed  control 
is  notorious,  but,  as  we  pointed  out  a  year  ago,  it  was  hardly 
fair  to  criticise  the  Post  Office  severely  in  the  early  days  of  its  role. 
Now,  however,  17  months  have  elapsed  since  the  Department 
acquired  the  telephone  system,  and  it  cannot  be  denied  that  the 
service  is  in  a  parlous  condition.  Thousands  of  would-be  sub- 
scribers are  awaiting  connection,  but  whether  they  are  worse  off 
than  those  who  have  been  unlucky  enough  to  get  telephones 
installed  is  open  to  question.  Wrong  numbers,  premature  discon- 
nection, noises  in  the  receiver,  and  delays  are  only  a  few  of  the 
faults  within  our  own  experience  which  characterise  the  service 
under  its  present  managers.  Before  the  transfer  we  warned  the 
public  that  they  would  regret  its  consequences,  and  our  prophecy 
has  been  abundantly  verified. 

Italfour  V.  Tillett  and  others.— For  several  days  this 

week,  Mr.  Justice  Darling  and  a  ^pecial  jury  have  been  occupied 
with  an  action  by  Mr.  Balfour,  of  Messrs.  Balfour,  Beatty  iV  C!o., 
against  Ben  Tillett  and  the  Glasgow  Dml;/  Rfcord,  for  damagee  in 
respect  of  a  libel  telephoned  and  published  during  the  Parli»- 
mentary  election  at  Govan,  Glasgow,  when  plaintiff  was  the 
Unionist  candidate.  Yesterday  it  was  announced  that  the  action 
bad  been  settled,  the  Daily  Record  paying  £1,000  damages. 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,8f<:;,  May  :to,  I'JlH. 


Tae.   mlkctrtcaij  rf.vii:w. 


897 


THE    ELECTRICAL   INDUSTRY    IN    FRANCE. 


By  (iKORGHS  DAHV 


{ConrlKdrd  from  jiaije  H7I.) 

TiiK  first  of  tlicse  lines  wbicli  lias  been  in  regular  opera- 
tion for  over  u  year  is  that  from  \'illefranclic  dc  ('oiiflcnt 
to  i{()iirf,'-Ma(laine,  rii'i  Montlonis  ;  it  iiiciudcs  f^'raiiicints  of 
1  in  20  and  c\en  I  in  15,  and  curves  of  i'(;2  ft.  radius. 
'I'he  track  has  a 
gauije  of  ;5  ft.  15  in. 
The  line  forms  an 
e.xtension  of  the 
railway  from  Per- 
pignan  to  Prades 
and  Villef  ranche, 
which  is  still 
operated  by 
steam  lo(!omotivcs. 
The  station  at 
Villef  ranche  is 
located  at  an 
altitude  of  1,42(; 
ft.  above  sea  level. 
From  that  point 
the  line  rises  to  a 
height  of  5,277  ft. 
at  Montlouis, 
whence  it  falls, 
until  on  the 
southern  side,  at 
Bourg-Madame, 
the  altitude  is 
3,G08  ft. 

There  was  a  good  deal  of  very  difficult  engineering  work 
on  the  line,  which  the  engineers  of  the  Midi  Co. 
succeeded  in  overcoming.  The  Fonpedrouse  viaduct  and 
the  (lisclar  bridge  may,  amongst  others,  be  mentioned  as 
architectural  triumphs,  which  mark  the  line  as  one  of  the 
most  curious  and  noteworthy  in  France.  Its  construction 
once  more  demonstrates  the  truth  of  the  old  saying  that  the 
word  "  impossible  "  is  not  French,  and  that  with  the  aid  of 
science  and  perseverance  even  the  most  daring  project  can 
be  accomplished. 

The  necessary  electrical  energy  is  produced  at  a  power 


Fig.  4.— IIydko-Eleotiuc  Plant  ai-  La  Cassagxe  Statidx. 


Ilivi'r  'I'll,  JM  coiidncd  in  the  H'twrvoir  \,\  ihiikih  of 
a  (Imii  1,:!12  ft.  long  CHtabbHhed  at  l.u  iiouillouHC. 
A  canal,  :{^  milt'H  in  length,  conveyH  the  wat<;r  U)  the 
power  station,  two  roflerve  rcwrvoirH  along  the  route 
being  also  |)rovided.  .Sluice  gates  are  alHf>  provided 
to  enable  the  water  to  be  turned  into  one  or  other 
of  these  reserve  reservoirs  according  to  the  w^auon  and  the 
r(()nin'nients.     The  head  (A  water  is  l,:i!M  ft. 

The  generating  sets  are  four  in  nnmlx-r  (fig.  A)  ;  they 
comprise  1, 500-11. r.  I'elton  tvfK!  turbines  and   dircct-mnplcd 

double-current  dy- 
namos with  fixed 
fields  and  rotat- 
ing armatures. 
The  normal  out- 
put of  the  gene- 
rators is  <;50  Kw., 
a  tcm[X)rary  over- 
load capacity  of 
t;0  per  cent,  being 
possible.  Kach 
•lynamo  can  supply 
its  total  output, 
either  as  continu- 
ous current  at 
X50  volts  or  as 
six-phase  alter- 
nating current  at 
COO  volts  and  25 
periods.  The 
four  transformers 
are  each  directly 
connected  to 
their  respective 
generating  sets,  and 
convert  the  six-phase  C.OO-volt  current  to  three-phase 
20,000-volt  current. 

The  overhead  high-tension  line,  whicli  starts  at  the 
power  station,  supplies  the  current  to  five  sub-stations, 
situated  at  Yillefranche  de  Conflent,  Thues,  Odeillo, 
Err  and  Bourg- Madame.  The  line,  which  runs  alongside 
the  railway  track,  is  composed  between  Bourg-iladame  and 
the  power  station,  of  six  cables  of  siliceous  bronze  with  a 
section  of  10  sq.  mm.,  supported  by  triple-bell  porcelain 
insulators.  The  three  conductors  of  each  line  are  separately 
grouped  on  cross  arms  on  the  poles,  in  the  form  of  a  triangle 


hAkkk 


Of 


>V    flBTS BTT 


FiG.  5. — PdWEU  Station  at  La  Cassagne. 

station  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  River  Tct,  near 
the  village  of  La  Cassagne  (fig.  5)  ;  it  comprises  a 
basement  and  a  ground  floor.  Located  in  a  part  of 
the  basement  are  the  water-control  gates  and  the  turbine 
regulators  ;  in  another  part  are  installed  the  step-up  trans- 
formers. Above,  on  the  ground  floor,  is  the  engine  I'ooiii 
and  the  low-tension  switchboard.  The  high  -  tension 
control  gear  is  situated  on  a  gallery.  The  turbines 
are  supplied  with  water  from  a  reservoir  having  a 
capacity  of  about  47,700,000  cb.  ft.,  built  at  the  foot  of 
Mont  Carlitt,  at  an  altitude  of  G,724  ft.     The  water  of  the 


Fig.  G.— Switchboaud,  La  Cassagne  Station. 

having   sides  measuring  27),  in.     The  poles  are  set  at  an 
average  distance  apart  of  114  ft. 

Between  the  power  station  and  Yillefranche,  the  line 
consists  of  three  aluminium  cables  of  a  section  of  70  sq.  mm., 
and  of  three  aluminium  cables  of  oO  sq.  mm.  section.  In 
this  case  masts  of  armoured  cement  have  been  employed  in 
place  of  wooden  poles.  At  the  power  station  and  near  the 
sub-stations  the  lines  pass  into  overhead  sectioning  boxes 
containing  disconnecting  switches  operated  by  means  of  a 
winch.  By  this  arrangement,  it  is  possible  to  cut  out  the 
three  cables  of  one  line  on  one  or  more  sections. 


898 


THE    ELECTRICAL    KEVTEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,85:!,  May  30,  1913. 


The  five  sub-stations  above  mentioned,  and  the  power 
station,  supply  continuous  current  at  <S00  volts  pressure  to 
the  rails.  The  plant  at  the  sub-stations  is  identical,  and 
consists  of  two  groups,  each  comprising  a  step-down  trans- 
former and  a  rotary  converter  arranged  in  a  single  room. 
A  brickwork  extension  supports  the  high-tension  apparatus, 
distribution  panels  being  also  attached  to  the  brickwork. 
The  transformers  have  a  normal  capacity  of  GOO  KW.,  or 
750  KW.  for  a  period  of  two  hours.  ]"'or  the  brief  space  of 
five  minutes  they  arc  also  able  to  withstand  an  overload  of 
100  per  cent.  They  receive  three-phase  current  at  20,000 
volts,  and  give  out  six-phase  current  at  OOO  volts. 


iie?^: 


Fig. 


-Viaduct  on  the  Villefbanciie  Boueg-Madame 
Line. 


fixed  field  type,  pro- 
volts  and  run  at  a 
machine  has  mounted  on 
actuated  by  a  centrifugal 
the  shaft  and  intended  to 
of    a    cut-out    should    the 


The  rotaries,  which  are  of  the 
duce  continuous  current  at  800 
speed  of  250  k.I'.m.  Each 
one  of  its  bearings  a  relay 
device  keyed  on  the  end  of 
break  the  circuit  by  means 
machine  exceed  a  speed  of  300  r.p.ji.,  or  should  it,  on  the 
other  hand,  endeavour  to  run  in  the  reverse  direction. 
Starting  is  effected  by  passing  through  the  armature  the 
current  from  the  third  rail  of  the  track,  the  machine  then 
running  as  a  continuous-current  motor. 

The  power  rails  are  of  the  double  flange  type  and 
weigh  7i)'2  lb.  per  yard,  their  length 
being  3G  ft.  The  ohmic  resistance 
is  0-027  ohm  per  kilometre  ('0432 
olim  per  mile).  The  rails  are  supported 
every  !)  ft.  10  in.  on  glazed  stoneware 
insulators  laid  on  blocks  of  creosoted 
wood,  the  latter  in  turn  being  secured 
to  the  sleepers.  At  level  crossings  the 
rail  is  interrupted  and  replaced  by  an 
armoured  cable  buried  in  the  ground; 
at  the  stations  it  is  protected  by  fibro- 
cement  casings.  The  running  rails  are 
of  the  Vignoles  pattern,  and  weigh  about 
71  lb.  per  yard  ;  they  are  coimected 
up  in  parallel  every  328  ft.  by  a  trans- 
verse copper  connection,  in  order  to 
ensure  communication  in  case  of  fracture 
or  replacement  of  a  rail.  A  similar  con- 
nection is  provided  at  the  points. 

Tlie  motor  vehicles  are  of  two  types 
for  passenger  and  goods  service.      The 
first  measure  47]  ft.  between  the  buffers, 
and  contain  seats  for  eight  first-class  and  'Ad  second-class 
passengers,  a  luggage  compartment  and  driver's  compart- 
ments at  both  front  and  rear.     The  goods  vehicles  have  a 
length    of    35j    ft.,   and    have    only    one    driver's   com- 
partment.      The    electrical    equipment    of    the    vehicles 
comprises    four   series-motors    each    of    50   H.i'.,    mounted 
in  pairs  on  each  bogie.      The  control   system   adopted   is 
of  the  Sprague  multiple-unit  type,  with  certain  interesting 
mollifications. 

At  the  present  time,  the  rolling  stock  comprises  20  motor 
vehicles  and    14  trailer  carriages  for  passenger  trains,  05 


special  cars  for  the  transport  of  minerals,  29  wagons  for 
cattle  and  goods,  and  52  platform  wagons. 

In  view  of  the  altitude  to  which  the  line  ascends,  and  as 
a  consequence  of  the  frecjuent  falls  of  snow  and  deposits  of 
hoar  frost  on  the  rails,  it  has  been  necessary  to  make  special 
provision  to  ensure  a  regular  service  in  all  weathers.  In 
ordinary  weather,  that  is,  during  the  tine  season,  the  current 
is  picked  up  from  the  conductor  rail  by  each  motor  vehicle 
by  means  of  four  contact  blocks,  arranged  two  on  each  side, 
the  third  rail  being  sometimes  on  the  left,  and  sometimes 
on  the  right  of  the  track.  The  contact  blocks  consist  of 
steel  shoes  suspended  from  two  small  arms,  and  making 
contact  with  the  rail  by  reason  of  their  own  weight.  In  the 
bad  season  this  system  alone  would  not  be  efficient ;  it  has, 
therefore,  been  replaced  by  special  contact  blocks  known  as 
"  brises-glace  "  (ice-breakers),  consisting  of  four  small  steel 
plates  resting  on  their  edge  on  the  conductor-rail,  and  bolted 
to  the  end  of  a  pivoted  support,  the  vertical  movement  of 
which  is  controlled  by  a  pisfion  working  within  a  cylinder 
under  the  action  of  compressed  air.  The  degree  of  contact 
of  the  blocks  with  the  rail  is  regulated  by  the  driver  of  the 
train. 

In  the  second  place,  having  regard  to  the  gradients,  which 
reach  as  much  as  from  1  in  20  to  1  in  1(!,  it  was  necessary 
to  provide  the  vehicle  with  powerful  and  reliable  brakes. 
For  this  reason  each  train  is  provided  with  no  less  than  four 
systems  of  brakes — a  Westinghouse,  an  electro-magnetic 
brake,  a  rhcostatic  brake,  and  a  hand  brake.  The  electro- 
magnetic brake-shoes  with  which  the  motor  vehicles  are 
provided  are  four  in  number,  and  consist  of  electro- 
magnets suspended  from  the  bogies  by  spiral  springs. 
The  cores  of  the  electro-magnets  are  expanded  at 
their  ends,  which  are  held  between  the  wheels,  a  slight 
distance  above  the  running  rails,  which  act  as  arma- 
tures. The  coils  are  actuated  by  a  current  from  a  battery 
of  12  Tudor  cells  having  a  capacity  of  125  ampere-hours  at 
a  10-hours'  discharge  rate  :  a  spare  battery  is  also  carried. 
To  operate  the  brake  shoes  a  current  of  80  amperes  at 
20  volts  is  re(iuired.  In  the  tests  which  were  carried  out 
a  motor  passenger  carriage,  weighing  2(;^  tons,  descended  a 
gradient  of  1  in  1(!  at  a  speed  of  8^  miles  per  hour,  and 
was  pulled  up  in  15  seconds  within  a  distance  of  57  yards. 
For  the  Westinghouse  brake  an  electric  compressor  of  the 
Olivier  type  provides  the  necessary  power  ;  it  is  driven  by 
an  S50-volt  series  motor,  which  can  be  put  in  operation 
without  the  use  of  a  starting  resistance.  It  starts  either  by 
switching  in  by  hand,  or  automatically.     The  air  pump  is 


Fio 


MOTDIt   Ct)ACII,    ViLLEFRANCHE    BoUHG-MaDAME    RAILWAY. 

of  tlie  twin-cylinder,  parallel  spindle  type,  driven  by  single 
gearing  off  tlie  electric  motor. 

Each  train,  when  running,  is  in  charge  of  a  driver- 
electrician,  a  guard,  and  an  electrical  assistant,  the  latter 
being  located  in  the  rearmost  motor  vehicle.  If  the  train 
includes  three  motor  vehicles,  two  of  the  latter  are  placed 
at  the  rear.  The  maximum  weight  of  the  trains  has  been 
fixed  at  120  tons.  .\s  for  the  maximum  speeds  authorised, 
they  have  been  fixed  in  accordance  with  the  gradients,  both 
ascending  and  descen<ling,  as  follows  : — From  zero  to  1  in 
30,  31]   miles  per  hour;  from   1   in  30  to    1   in  22,   21^ 


Vol.  Tl.    No.  l,K.^:i,  May  :iii,  I'.)i:t.] 


THE    ETiRdTRfCMy,    Ti1<yVTEW. 


800 


Tiik'M.vin  SwiTcunoAiiP,  Skvuualls  Asylum,  Colchksiek. 


miles  per  hour  ;  from  1  in  1 S  to  1  in 
IG.',,  1  Iji  miles  per  hour. 

The  consumption  of  electrical  enerfjy 
is  80-watt  hours  per  ton  kilometre.  The 
whole  of  the  electrical  installation  of 
the  line  was  carried  out  by  the  Socictc 
Alsaciennc  de  Constructions  ^fecaniques, 
of  Belfort,  who  have  thus  shown  that  the 
employment  of  double-current  machines 
provides  a  rational  and  economical  solu- 
tion of  the  problem  of  electric  traction. 

In  a  subsecjuent  article,  we  shall  show 
how  the  company  has  introduced  modi- 
fications in  the  material  for  the  new 
electric  lines  that  are  projected,  or  are 
in  course  of  execution. 


liuk<:ry,  kil>:h(;iiH,  Hton;H,  luiiinlricH,  rw;r<!- 
iitioii  hull,  f)ower  Htation,  workHhoj*. 
i^c,  connected  by  <y>ven;d  corridorH  and 
Rcveral  isoiuUjd  biiildin(,'H,  th«;  U^tal  '!0«t 
of  the  work  curried  out  uinountin(<  U) 
nearly  half  a  niillion  [Xiiindt. 

The  hcatinf,'  and  hot  water  Hupjily 
of  the  AHyluin  in  furnished  by  a  (»lo- 
rifiiT  installation  fed  by  Htcam  from  five 
I'axinun  tubular  boilers,  dcaiKned  for  a 
workin;^  pres.sure  of  120  lb.  [)cr  W|.  in. 
Steam  is  supplied  dirfict  Ut  the  calorifiers 
through  reducing  valves  at  a  pres.snre 
of  .'i  lb.  per  H'].  in.  ;  five  calorifien), 
tof^ether  with  double-actinf^  .Muinford 
])ump8,  which  circulate  the  waU;r  at  a 
temperature  of  up  to  180'^  F.,  through 
the  pipe  system,  are  installed. 

The    electrical    generating    plant    ifl 


AN     ESSEX     ASYLUM 
INSTALLATION. 


There  has  recently  been  opened  near 
Colchester,  Severalls  Asylum,  a  large 
institution  to  accommodate  2,000  in- 
mates and  to  serve  the  northern  portion 
of  the  county  of  Essex. 

The  buildings,  which  have  been 
erected  to  the  designs  and  under  the 
supervision  of  Mr.  Frank  AVhitmore, 
County  Architect,  and  Mr.  W.  N. 
Town,  architect,  of  Colchester,  cover  a 
considerable  area  and  comprise  a 
central  main  group,  including  in 
addition    to    the    numerous    wards,    a 


Davey,  Paxman-B.T.H.iGknekati.xg  Tlant,  Sevekall^^  Asylum. 


Diagram  Showing  the  Gexebal  Lay-out  of  the  Electrical  Distbibutiox, 
Sevekalls  Asylum,  Colchester. 

Power  station  shown  black,  general  lighting  and  power  mains  in  full  lines 
and  main  road  lighting  mains  in  dotted  lines. 


supplied  with  steam  through  a  main 
tapped  on  to  the  main  steam-pipe 
system,  and  the  exhaust  steam  which 
leaves  the  engines  at  a  pressure  of  about 
5  lb.  per  sq.  in.  is  returned  to  the 
calorifiers,  to  augment  the  direct  supply 
from  the  boilers,  but  we  gather  that 
once  the  heating  system  is  working, 
it  can  be  kept  going  on  the  exhaust 
steam  only. 

In  this  case  the  electricity  is  a  sort  of 
heating  bye-product  obtained  at  the 
expense  of  about  o  per  cent,  of  the 
initial  heat  contained  in  the  steam,  and 
the  very  small  fuel  cost  which  can  be 
credited  to  its  account,  will  reduce 
the  actual  cost  of  the  electricity  used 
in  the  Asylum  to  an  unusually  low 
figure. 

The  generating  plant  is  housed  in 
a  white  glazed  brick  lined  building,  51 
ft.  long  and  30  ft.  wide  ;  it  consists  of 
compound  high-speed  enclosed    engines 


900 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,85M,  May  30,  1913. 


by  Davey,  Paxman  i^i:  Co.,  direct  coupled  to  dynamos  by  the 
British  Thomson-Houston  Co.  Two  of  these  are  of  100 
KW.  size,  and  a  third  unit  consists  of  a  similar  engine 
coupled  to  two  dynamos,  each  of  50  kw.  size  to  form  a 
steam  balancer. 


and  that  for  the  steam,  exhaust  and  drain  pipes  and  valves, 
by  Iklessrs.  Aiton  &  Co.,  of  Derby. 

The  wiring  system  is  very  compact ;  the  Asylum  buildings 
are  constructed  round  a  large  rectangle  with  several 
spur  wings  :  a  pipe  and  cable  subway  about  S  ft.  wide  and 
G  ft.  6  in.  high  runs  round  the  whole  of  the  rectangular 
portion  with  creepways  under  the  wings.  The  switchboard 
lighting  feeders  are  carried  to  a  triple-concentric  lead- 
covered  ring  main  running  the  whole  length,  about  700 
yards,  of  the  subway,  and  supported  in  wooden  cleats  bolted 
to  the  walls.  The  ring  main  is  divided  into  eight  sections 
by  disconnecting  fuse  boxes,  for  the  purpose  of  isolating 
faulty  sections,  and  is  tapped  at  intervals  by  service  cables 
leading  to  the  various  Ijlocks.  the  larger  ones  being  con- 
nected as  three-wire,  and  the  smaller  ones  as  two-wire, 
services  on  alternative  sides  of  the  three-wire  280-4G0-volt 
system.  A  second  or  subsidiary  ring  main  tapped  on  to  the 
other  one,  supplies  various  detached  buildings,  viz.,  the  private 
patients'  and  idiots'  blocks  and  consumptive  hospital,  while 
branch  feeders  run  to  the  acute  male  and  female  patients' 


"W" 


A  60-H  p.  Flame-Pboof  Motor,  Mouley  Electrical 
ExGiSEEBixG  Co.  (see  p.  901). 

The  larger  dynamos  are  compounded  and  all  run  at  a  speed 
of  450  K.r.M.,  the  larger  ones  giving  21  :>  amperes  at  470 
volts,  and  the  smaller  ones  giving  2\?>  amperes  at  2?>5  volts. 
In  addition  to  the  above  plant  there  is  a  motor  balancer  by 
the  B.T.H.  Co.,  consisting  of  two  machines  each  of  15  kw. 
size. 

No  battery  is  at  present  installed,  but  room  has  been 
provided  for  one,  and  the  dynamos  have  been  designed  so  as 
to  work  in  conjunction  with  a  battery,  if  one  should  be  put 
in  at  some  future  date. 

The  main  switchboard  is  placed  at  the  end  of  the  engine 
room  and  consists  of  a  number  of  grey  marble  panels  mounted 
on  an  iron  frame  let  in  flush  with  the  end  wall.  Access  to 
the  back  of  the  board  is  obtained  by  a  door  leading  into  a 
room  from  which  all  the  circuits  are  carried.  The  switch- 
board is  provided  with  all  necessary  switches,  circuit- 
breakers,  cut-outs,  regulating  gear  and  instruments  together 
■with  meters  for  measuring  the  output  of  each  machine,  and 
the  lighting  and  power  circuits.  Seven  positive  and  seven 
negative  lighting,  and  four  power  as  well  as  the  machine 
circuits  are  provided  for. 


A  200-H.p.  ENDLES.S  Rope  Haulage  Gear  (see  p.  901). 


An  overhead  travelling  crane  of  Herbert,  Morris  and 
Bastert's  make  is  provided  in  the  engine  room. 

The  contract  for  the  plant,  switchboard  and  travelling  crane 
has  been  carried  out  by  the  British  Thomson-Houston  Co., 


lOO-H.p.  Direct-Clruext  Oil-Immersed  Starter,  by  the 
MdRLEY  Electrical  Exgixeerixg  Co.  (seep.  901). 


hospitals,     isolation      hospital,      medical      superintendent's 
house,  i^c. 

A  separate  service,  sectioned  by  means  of  disconnecting 
fuse-boxes,  is  run  for  the  covered  ways  connecting  the  various 
blocks,  and  special  concentric  lead-covered  mains  from  the 
switchboard,  running  by  way  of  the  subways,  supply  power  to 

the  laundries,  bakery, 
&c.  Each  of  the 
covered  ways  is  lighted 
from  two  distinct  ser- 
vices for  purposes  of 
safety,  and  the  same 
principle  is  applied  to 
the  recreation  hall  and 
some  of  the  other 
blocks. 

A  handsome  recre- 
ation hall,  120  ft.  X 
GO  ft.,  is  provided,  the 
auditorium  being 
lighted  by  10  five- 
light  polished  brass 
electroliers  and  side 
brackets. 

Four  of  the  electro- 
lier lights  in  each  case 
are  run  off  one  circuit 
controlled  from  the 
stage,  while  the  odd 
(pilot)  lamps  and 
bracket  lighting,  on 
another  circuit,  are  controlled  from  the  hall.  The  stage 
lighting  is  also  distinct,  and  its  e(iuipment  of  vari-coloured 
batten  lighting  with  liquid  dimmers  was  supplied  by  the 
General  ?]lectric  Co.,  through  the  main  contractors. 


Vol.  72.  No.  1,86..,  MAY  30.  i9i«.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


•<)01 


The  fjeneial  wirinj^  of  the  Aaylmn  is  <!iinic(l  out,  in  \v(kx1 
ciisings  run  on  tlie  siirfacf,  tlic  ciisinf?  wilh  the  covers  fonn- 
injj;  ti  8L'f,'inL'iil  of  a  cirole  in  section  so  us  to  avoid  all  cliiincc  of 
the  lodf^inent  of  (hist.  The  cu»in};s  are  painted  to  correspond 
with  the  decorations,  and  tlic  special  form  usod  makes  them 
very  inconspicuous. 

Sinf^le  and  twin  lead-covcrcd  wires  un;  used  for  htjlitiiif^ 
the  covered  ways,  subways,  enj^iiie  and  lioiiur  houses,  laun- 
dries, workshops  and  similar  places. 

Two-way  switchiiifj  is  employeil  tlirouf^hout  the  corridors 
nnd  wards  for  obvious  reasons  ;  Hdiswan  extra  Hat  switches 
are  employed  in  ordinary  situations,  and  Kdiswan  key 
switches  in  places  where  they  mij,dit  be  tampered  with,  and 
in  all  cases  lockin<(  rinj^s  are  fitted  to  prevent  the  covers 
from  beinj:;  removed  by  mischievous  persons.  In  the  case 
of  lead-covered  wires,  Kdiswan  water-tif^ht  switches  have 
been  used,  with  sweated  joints  to  wirin<^. 

For  controlling  the  various  distributing  circuits  to  the 
wards,  and,  in  fact,  throughout  the  Asylum,  Berry-Skinner 
"  fool-proof "  switches  with  detachable  handles  have  been 
used,  a  standard  arrangement  being  one  of  these  switches 
with  a  glass-fronted  distributing  board,  containing  fuses  and 
flat  switches,  mounted  above  it. 

In  the  case  of  two-storey  buildings,  the  upper  and  lower 
floors  are  balanced  on  either  side  of  the  three-wire  system. 

The  fittings  are  plain  throughout,  with  few  exceptions 
strict  economy  being  studied  as  far  as  possible  ;  pendants 
are  largely  employed  in  the  main  buildings,  with  a  specially- 
designed  bulkhead  fitting  for  the  single  rooms,  and  batten- 
holders  in  the  covered  ways  and  subways. 

The  power  circuits  supply  the  followiug  motors,  the 
contract  for  which  was  placed  with  Messrs.  IMawdsley's. 
litd.  : — In  the  pump  room,  two  2s-ii.i'.  motors  driving 
three-throw  I'earn  fire  pumps  ;  bakery,  an  8-H.i'.  motor  for 
kneading  and  mixing  machines,  &c.  ;  laundries,  a  20-h.p. 
motor  for  general  wash-house  and  finishing  room  machinery, 
a  7-H.p.  motor  for  blower  in  general  drying  closet,  which,  it 
may  be  noted,  extracts  warm  air  from  the  pipe  and  cable 
subway,  a  12-u.p.  motor  for  foul  wash-house  machinery,  and 
a  12-H.P.  motor  for  staff  wash-house  and  finishing  room 
machinery. 

Other  motors  will  be  provided  for  the  deep  well,  52-4  ft. 
deep,  in  connection  with  which  two  35-h.p.,  electrically- 
driven  Brotherhood  compressors  are  being  installed  to  deliver 
120  cb.  ft.  of  air  per  minute  at  100-lb.  pressure. 

These  lift  the  well  water  into  a  12,000-gallon  tank  in  a 
water  tower,  which  also  houses  large  rain  water,  hot  water, 
feed  and  fire  tanks — the  latter  holding  40,000  gallons,  being 
at  the  top  of  the  building. 

It  may  be  mentioned  that  the  whole  of  the  raiu  water 
from  the  many  roofs  in  the  Asylum  is  collected  in  two  sub- 
terranean tanks  holding  120,000  and  100,000  gallons 
respectively. 

The  pump  room,  in  addition  to  containing  the  fire  pumps 
mentioned  above,  will  house  the  compressors  ;  it  also  con- 
tains three  Mumford  boiler  feed  pumps  and  the  hot  well, 
into  which  the  condensed  steam  from  the  heating  system  and 
elsewhere  is  led  for  re-use. 

The  complete  lighting  of  the  Asylum  comprises  about 
2,500  points  in  the  main  block  and  1,200  points  in  detached 
buildings,  while  the  motors  are  exf  ected  to  reach  2C0  h.p. 
in  all. 

In  addition  to  the  electric  lighting  and  power  circuits,  a 
complete  system  of  the  Sterling  Co.'s  telephones  has  been 
installed,  connecting  all  parts  of  the  Asylum  with  a  central 
exchange  in  the  porter's  room.  The  telephone  exchange  is 
on  the  central  battery  system,  metallic  circuits  of  twisted 
pairs  of  conductors  being  employed.  The  switchboard, 
which  is  arranged  for  100  circuits,  is  provided  with  lamp 
signalling  apparatus,  hand  generator,  power  ringer  worked 
from  the  lighting  mains,  and  all  necessary  apparatus. 

A  complete  system  of  fire  alarms  and  bells  is  also  pro- 
vided, in  connection  with  a  oo-line  indicator  fixed  in  the 
porter's  room. 

The  insertion  of  an  ordinary  door  key,  as  carried  by  the 
attendants  (an  arrangement  due  to  Mr.  Beeching,  the 
resident  engineer  of  the  Asylum),  sets  the  alarm  bells 
ringing  at  all  the  stations  throughout  the  Asylum,  as  well 
as  starting  the  steam  hooter  at  the  boiler  house  ;  the  various 
bel's  are    stopped  by  means    of  a    hand    release  operated 


i>y  till'  utt«  iidantrt  in  the  vicinity  ;  homu  70  ntalionM  are  iiro- 
vided  in  all. 

A  time  recording  nyHtA-.m  with  Htationn  in  the  wnrdu  and 
other  parts  of  the  liiiildirigH,  opJiratiuK  ii  recorder  pltux-d  in 
the  medicul  superintendent's  ollice  in  the  main  block,  (»m- 
pietcH  the  eleeiriaii  Hystem,  e.xcx;pt  for  a  number  of  bell*  ab 
entrances  to  wards,  il:c. 

The  whole  of  the  wiring  in  connection  with  U-IIh,  tele- 
phones, fire  alarms  and  time  recorders  is  run  in  w(kx1  lauinf; 
in  a  similar  manner  to  the  ligliting  K^Htem,  and  the  contract 
for  the  whole  of  this  work  and  the  electric  lighting  and 
IKJwer  hystems  has  been  carried  out  by  .Mefsrs.  II.  .1.  Cash 
and  Co.,  of  Westminster. 

In  conclusion,  we  are  indebted  to  Mr.  W.  (".  C.  Hawtayne, 
the  consulting  engineer  for  the  electrical  work  at  tb« 
Asylum,  for  ottering  facilities  for  a  visit  to  the  latter  and  to 
his  chief  assistant,  Mr.  A.  <i.  Dixon,  for  sf)  ably  piloting  ui 
thiough  this  huge  institution.  To  Mr.  H.  .1.  Beeching,  the 
resident  engineer,  who  acted  as  clerk  of  the  works  during 
the  carrying  out  of  the  various  engineering  contracts,  our 
thanks  are  also  due  for  courteously  explaining  many  mattera 
of  engineering  and  general  interest. 


SOME    "MORLEY"    MINING    SPECIALITIES. 


Rkcently,  through  the  courtepy  of  the  Morley  Electrical  Enpi- 
neering  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Stanningley,  we  were  enabled  to  inspect  one 
of  their  oil-immersed  direct-current  tlame-proof  starters  and  con- 
trollers', combined  with  resistance.  Mach  discassion  has  taken 
place  on  the  subject  of  direct-current  oil-immersed  switchpear,  and 
it  is,  therefore,  interesting  to  note  that  this  firm  has  had  considf  r- 
able  success  in  this  direction,  having  supplied  such  bwitches  for 
up  to  120  H.P.,  which  have  been  working  day  and  night  in 
collieries  for  the  last  four  or  five  years. 

We  illustrate  on  this  and  the  following  page  a  100-h.p.  starter  of 
this  type  for  use  with  an  endless  rope  haulage  gear. 

The  cables  are  brought  in  at  one  side  through  a  special  joint 
box  ;  armoured  glands  are  provided,  and  a  screw-down  cover  in 
place  of  bolts. 

The  resistance,  built  up  of  sectional  iron  gride,  can  be  lifted  out 


^.j=m 


Sectional  View,   100-h.p.  Dieect-Cuebent  Oil-Immeksed 
Staktek. 

in  one  piece.  The  controller  consists  of  two  drnras,  with  dU 
metal  and  mica  insulation,  chain-geared  and  driven  from  a  band 
w^heel. 

When  dismantling  the  controllers,  these  dnims  which  are  hinged 
at  the  top,  can  be  swung  out  of  the  oil  for  examination,  and  by  a 
system  of  plug  connections  the  latter  can  be  speedily  remade.  An 
indicating  lamp  shows  when  the  resistance  is  in  circnit,  as  it  is 
primarily  intended  for  starting  purposes  only. 

The  company  makes  a  speciality  of  colliery  plant,  including 
ilame-proof  motors,  haulages,  mining  .switchgear,  coal  cutters  of 
the  chain  type,  ."^s.,  and  supplies  a  special  sandfiUed  mining  fuse. 

We  also  illustrate  a  200-h.p.  endless  rope  haulage  gear,  arranged 
for  rope  driving  from  a  500-volt  interpole  motor,  running  at  500 
B.p.M.  The  drive  is  through  a  friction  clutch  on  the  first  motion 
shaft— an  arrangement  found  very  satisfactory — and  doable  helical 
■gearing. 


902 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [VoL  72.   No.  i.sss,  may  m,  1913. 


The  BUTge  wheel  is  6  ft.  in  diameter,  and  the  frear.  as  a  whole,  is 
carried  on  a  bed  bailt  ap  of  rolled  sections.  Brake  and  clutch 
hand  wheels  are  provided  mounted  on  pillars. 

The  company  builds  a  special  flame-proof  mining  motor,  having 
a  cast-steel  magrnet  frame,  with  pole  pieces  cast  on,  which  are 
fitted  with,  laminated  pole  shoes.  Commntatin^  poles  are  provided, 
and  end  shields,  spilt  across  above  the  centre,  with  wide  machined 
joints. 

Larjre  hand  holes  are  provided  in  the  end  shield  at  the  commu- 


Pl.\n  of  Direct -Cubrext  Oil-Immer.'^ed  St.\rter,  Showing 
AKMorRED  Glands,  kc. 


tator  end,  the  upper  ones  being-  fitted  with  glass  inspection  holes. 
The  removal  of  the  covers  allows  of  free  access  to  the  machine, 
the  cables  to  which  are  lead  into  a  junction  box  at  the  side,  pro- 
vided with  a  special  type  of  armoured  gland,  which  facilitates 
earthing  and  disconnecting.  While  the  company's  attention  is 
mainly  devoted  to  mining  plant,  a  good  deal  of  special  and  repair 
work  passes  through  the  shops. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Atlas   Electrical   Co.,    Ltd.   (128,987).  —  This  company  was 

registered  on  M»y  16ih,  with  a  capital  of  £100  in  £\  shares,  to  carry  on  the 
business  o(  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  electrical  accissoriee,  fittings 
and  devices,  arc  and  other  lamps,  globes  and  shades,  generators,  electric  and 
other  wires,  insulating  and  other  materials,  &c.  The  subscribers  (with  one 
share  each)  are— W.  H.  Clegg,  75,  Deodar  Road,  Putney,  B.W.,  civil 
engineer;  Mrs.  A.  E,  Clegg,  75,  Deodar  Road.  Putney,  8.W. ;  P.  D.  Clegg,  75. 
Deodar  Road,  Putney,  S.W.,  secretary.  Private  company.  The  number  of 
directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  three  ;  the  first  are  W.  H. 
Clegg,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Clegg  and  P.  D.  Clegg  (all  permanent);  qualification,  £1 ; 
remuneration,  £100  per  annum,  divisible.  Registered  ofiBce,  3A,  Tothill  Street, 
Westminster,  8.W, 

Electric  Ignition  Co.  (1913),  Ltd.  (129.088).— This  com- 
pany was  registered  on  May  21st,  with  a  capital  of  £7,000  in  £1  shares,  to  take 
over  as  from  September  29th,  1912,  the  business  of  a  manufacturer  of,  and 
dealer  in,  all  kinds  of  appliances  relating  to  the  electric  ignition  of  internal 
combustion  engines  and  all  accessories  connected  therewith,  carried  on  at 
Royal  Wellington  Works,  Sampson  Road  North,  Birmingham,  by  the  Electric 
Ignition  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  to  adopt  agreements  with  R.  A.  Felton  and  A.  Cox. 
The  subscribers  (with  one  ehaie  each)  are  :—H.  Lewis,  Athol  Lodge,  Acocke 
Green,  manufacturer  ;  A.  Rose,  Kineton  Road,  Olton,  Warwickshire,  manu- 
facturer. Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than 
two  or  more  than  five;  the  first  are  H.  Lewis,  A.  Cox  and  A.  Rose  (all  per- 
manent, subject  to  holding  £1,000  shares) ;  qualification,  100  shares  ;  remune- 
ration of  H.  Lewis  and  A.  Cox.  £50  per  annum  ;  of  A.  Rose,  £25  per  annum  ; 
of  other  directors  as  fixed  by  the  company ;  solicitor,  W.  A.  Gibb.  23,  Colmore 
Row,  Birmingham.  Registered  by  Jordan  A  Sons,  Ltd.,  116-17,  Chancery 
Lane,  W.C. 

Best's  Safety  Lamps,  Ltd.  (129.0.S4).— This  company  was  regis- 
tered on  May  19th,  with  a  capital  of  £6,000  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on  the  busi- 
ness of  manufacturers  of,  and  dealers  in,  minere'  safety  lamps,  lighting 
appliances,  lamp  cleaning  machines,  electric  lighting  and  other  apparatus, 
and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  \V.  Best,  A.  E.  Best,  J.  C.  Best,  R.  0.  Best 
and  M.  Best.  The  fubscribers  (with  2C0  shares  each)  are  :— W.  Best,  Provi- 
dence  House,  New  Park  Street,  Morley,  safety  lamp  manufacturer ;  A.  E.  Best, 
9,  Wefltfield  Road,  Morley,  safetv  lamp  manufacturer;  R.  O.  Best,  3,  Marshall 
Street,  Morlev,  safetv  lamp  manufacturer;  M.  Best,  41,  Worrall  Street, 
Morley,  safety  lamp  manufacturer.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors 
is  not  to  be  less  than  four  or  more  than  nine  ;  the  first  are  W.  Best,  A.  E.  Best, 
R  O  Best  and  M.  Best  (all  permanent,  subject  to  holding  200  shares),  and 
A.  H.  Welham,  J.  B.  Bpanton,  H.  Upton,  W.  Farrar  and  C.  M.  Rowbothan 
who  may  retain  ofRcc  for  seven  years,  subject  to  holding  one  share) ; 
remuneration,  £50  per  annum  ;  solicitor,  T.  B.  Kitscn,  72,  Albion  Street, 
Leeds.    Registered  by  Jordan  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  116-117,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

Scottish   Ligrht    Railways  and    Development   Syndicate, 

Ltd.  (129,143).— 1  Lis  company  was  registered  on  May  l(3rd,  with  a  capital  of 
£1,000  in  £1  shares,  to  conktruct,  equip,  maintain  and  work  any  light  railways 
m  Aberdeenshire  or  elsewhere  in  the  United  Kirgdcm.  The  subscribers  (with 
one  share  each)  are  ;— Viscount  Selby,  18,  Brunswick  Fquare,  Hove  ;  Sir  James 
Howe,  ih,  Cranley  Gardens,  S.W.  Private  company.  The  nunnber  of 
directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  sevtn ;  the  subscribers  are  to 
appoiD*  the  first.    Registered  by  Lnmley  4  Lumley,  87,  Conduil  Btreel,.W. 


Turbiro  Engine  and  Pump  Co.,  Ltd.  (129,044).— Regiotered 

May  19th,  by  W.  T.  Hick,  Broad  Street  House,  E.G.  Capital  £75,000  In  £1 
shares.  Objects;  To  acquire,  manufacture,  sell,  let  on  hire,  g'ant  licences  in 
respect  of,  and  deal  in,  turbine  motors,  engines  and  pumps,  motor  and  other 
cyclt'8,  ships,  launches,  fiying  machines  and  vehicles  of  all  kinds,  engineers, 
electricians,  &c.,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  the  H.D.  and  B.  Syndicate, 
Lid.  The  signatories  (with  one  share  each)  are  :— P.  Sidney,  Broad  Street 
House,  E.G.,  law  clerk;  C.  A.  Frith,  55,  Barrington  Road,  Crouch  End,  N., 
secretary  ;  F.  King,  56,  Dorset  Street.  W.,  clerk  ;  F.  J.  Barnett,  Broad  Street 
House,  E.C.,  solicitor's  clerk  ;  E.  Knight,  12,  Alexandra  Road,  N,  electrical 
engineer:  A.  R.  Newman,  65,  Lewisham  Hill,  8.E.,  engineer;  M.  Schops- 
kovski,  32,  Tremaine  Road,  Anerley,  S.E.,  gentleman.  Minimum  cash  sub- 
scription, seven  shares.  The  first  directors  (to  number  not  less  than  three 
or  more  than  five)  are  not  named  ;  qnaliflcation  £250  ;  remuneration  (except 
managing  director),  £100  each  per  annum  and  £50  extra  tor  the  chairman. 
(Note.— The  H.D.  and  B.  Syndicate,  Ltd.,  mentioned  above,  was  registered  on 
April  2Sth  last,  with  capital  £100  in  Is.  shares,  to  carry  on  financial,  under- 
writing, promotion  and  similar  business.  The  signatories  are  F.  Sidney  and 
F.  Barnett,  two  of  the  clerks  named  above.  No  list  of  directors  and  no  notice 
of  situation  of  registered  ofBce  appear  on  the  file  to  May  S2nd.) 

Cariton  Split  Ball  Bearing  Co.,  Ltd.  (129,106)— This  com- 
pany was  registered  on  May  22nd,  with  a  capital  of  £2,000  in  £1  shares,  to 
acquire  a  patent  for  an  invention  relating  to  improvements  in  ball  bearings  for 
axles,  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  S.  Lumb,  A.  Sohofield,  M.  Coates  and 
D.  C.  L.  Welch,  and  to  carry  on  the  business  of  founders,  mechanical  and 
electrical  engineers,  manufacturers  of  machinery,  ball  bearings,  axles,  shaft- 
ings and  pulleys,  4c.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  : — 8.  Lumb, 
80,  Carlton  Street,  Bolton,  spindle  maker;  A.  Schofield,  80,  Carlton  Street, 
Bolton,  spindle  maker ;  H.  Coates,  58,  St.  George's  Road,  Withington,  Man- 
chester, engineer;  D.  C.  L.  Welch,  191,  Lloyd  Street,  Manchester,  engineer. 
Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  mora 
than  four  ;  the  first  are  8.  Lumb,  A.  Schofield.  H.  Coates  and  D.  C.  L.  Welch. 
Solicitor,  J.  H.  Hall,  20,  .Xcre'fleld,  Bolton.  Registered  office,  30,  Examiner 
Buildings,  Cross  Street,  Manchester, 


OPFICIAL    RETURNS    OF    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


0.  C.  Hawkes,  Ltd.  (49,661).— Return  dated  April  2nd,  191S. 
Capital  £200,000  in  £5  shares  (20,000  pref.).  17,000  ord.  and  17,000  pret.  shares 
taken  up;  £5  per  share  called  up  on  21,019  shares;  £105,095  paid;  £64,905 
considered  as  paid  up  on  12,981  shares.    Mortgages  and  charges  :  £1,000. 

Newcastle    and  District    Electric    Lighting   Co.,     Ltd. 

(28,022c).— Return  dated  March  7th,  1913.  Capital  £300,000  in  £10  shares.  All 
shares  taken  up  ;  £10  per  share  called  up ;  £297,400  paid,  leaving  £2,600  in 
arrears.     Mortgages  and  charges  :  £296,040. 

>'ewcastle-iipon-Tyne  Electric  Snpply  Co..  Ltd.  (27.997).- 

Return  dated  April  2nd,  1913.  Capital  £1, .500,000  in  £5  shares  (150,000  pref.): 
137,500  ord.  and  137,500  pref.  shares  taken  up  ;  £5  per  share  called  up  on  129,629 
ord.  and  126,741  pref. ;  £l,2ftl,350  paid  ;  £93  fi.'iO  considered  as  paid  on  7,971  ord. 
and  10,759  pref.     Mortgages  and  charges  :  £838,225  14s. 

Madras   Electric  Tramwavs  (1904),  Ltd.  (80,361)— Return 

dated  March  27th,  1913.  Capital  £2u0,000  in  £5  shares  (25,000  pref.  and  15,000 
ord);  18,339  pref.  and  11,452  ord.  shares  taken  up  ;  £5  per  share  called  up  on 
11,839  pref. ;  £59,195  paid  ;  £89,760  considered  as  paid  on  6,500  pref.  and  11,462 
ord.  Mortgages  and  charges :  £61,180.  A  further  852  pref.  shares  were 
allotted  lor  cash  on  April  2nd. 

Marsh,  Son   &   Co.,  Ltd.  (74.74(3).— Return  dated   May  loth. 

1913.  Capital  £20,000,  in  £l  shares:  18,008  shares  taken  up;  £6,608  paid ; 
£12,000  considered  as  paid.     Mortgages  and  charges:  £9,200. 

Mather  &  Piatt,  Ltd.  (60,387).— Return  dated  March  3rd, 
1913.  Capital  £1,000,000,  in  40,000  pref.  shares  of  £10  each  and  600,000  ord. 
shares  of  £1  each.  All  shares  taken  up ;  £10  per  share  called  up  on  29.200 
pref.  and  £1  per  share  on  25,0(0  ord.;  £317,000  paid  ;  £683,000  considered  as 
paid  on  10,800  pref.  and  575,000  ord.     Mortgages  and  charges:  Nil. 

Bnrgess   Hill    and    District   Electric    Snpply   Co.,    Ltd. 

(85,694).— Return  dated  March  18th,  1913.  Capital,  £6,000  in  £1  shares  (8,C0O 
pref.,  3,000  ord.,  and  2,600  pref.  shares  taken  up;  £1  per  shaie  called  up  on 
3,000  ord.  and  2.400  pref.;  £5,4C0  paid;  £100  considered  as  paid  on  100  pref. 
Mortgages  and  charges  ;  £1,200. 

Midland  Electric  Wire  Co.,    Ltd.  (104,571).— Return   dated 

March  26th,  1913.  Capital,  £5,000  in  £1  shares;  all  shares  taken  up;  £5,000 
paid.    Mortgages  and  charges  ;  Nil. 

Glantawe  Electric   Snpply   Co.,  Ltd.   (112,615).  —  Return 

dated  March  18th,  1913.  Capital,  £1U,000  in  £10  tharcs;  940  shares  taken  up; 
£9,4C0  paid.    Mortgages  and  charges :  Nil. 

Executors  of  Thomas  Atkinson,  Ltd. — Particulars  of  £300 

debentures,  created  April  26tb,  1918,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  the  Com- 
panies' (Consolidation)  Act,  1908,  the  whole  amount  being  now  issued. 
Property  charged  :  The  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present  and 
future.    No  trustees. 

Fors  Accnmnlator  Foreign  Patents,  Ltd.— Debenture  dated 

May  6th,  1913,  to  secure  £125,  charged  on  the  company's  undertaking  and 
property,  present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.  Holder:  J.  Weir, 
Dunbutton,  Malford  Green,  Snaresbrook. 

Sonth  London  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd.— Issue  on 

May  20th.  1913.  of  £900  debentures,  part  of  a  series  of  which  particulars  have 
already  been  filed. 

No  Cell,  Ltd.— Debenture  dated  May  16th,  1913,  to  secure 
£1,000,  charged  on  the  company's  patents,  rights,  undertaking  and  property, 
present  and  future.    Holder  :  J.  F.  Greenwood,  12  and  14,  Arthur  Street,  E.C. 


The  "Point  Fives.'" — A  meeting  was  held  on  Friday 
last,  when  it  was  decided  that  the  June  meeting,  during  the 
I.M.E.A.  Convention,  should  take  place  on  June  17th  at  7  p.m. 
sharp,  at  the  "  Delico  "  Restaurant,  Barrett  Street,  W.  ;  tickets 
38.  6d.,  morning  dress.  At  8.30  the  chairman  will  deliver  an  address, 
and  a  general  diBcussion  will  follow  on  the  extension  of  the  use  of 
electricity  for  domestic  purposes,  including  the  subjects  of  tariflfs, 
apparatus,  selling  methods,  4;c.  Mr.  Friederichs,  of  West  Hartle- 
pool, and  Mr.  Purse,  of  Carlisle,  were  elected  members  of  the  Point 
Fives, 


i 


Vol.72.    No.  1,8B.'»,  May  30,  191.1. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


903 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

The  Edi*(rr$  invite  electrical  enyuieem,  whetht^r  ciimwcted  urith  t/ui 
leokmeal  or  the  commercial  nde  of  the  profemrion  and  indu/try, 
also  electric  tramway  and  railway  officiah,  to  keep  readert  of  the 
Eleotbioal  Review  pouted  an  to  their  viorevieiUi. 


Central   Station   Officials. — At  the  New  Inn   IIoU'l, 

Pontypridd,  on  lUtli  iiiHt.,  a  ifoUl  wiitch  waH  proHoiiUid  to  Mil. 
W.W.Cook  10,  on  hiw  departure  to  Canada  to  tuke  up  an  Pii^'aoro- 
ment.  Mr.  Cooke  haH  been  for  the  laHt  eijfht  yearH  aotinjf  ttH  cable 
jointer  under  the  South  Wales  Power  Co.  The  procoedinKH  oloHcd 
with  a  smokinf;  concert. 

Mr.  0.  Cui.MKK  lIorxin.M  has  been  appointed  Hocretary  to  the 
Dawlish  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  in  addition  to 
bin  present  post  as  enjrineor  and  manajrer,  in  Buccession  to  Mr. 
B.  R,  (lallendor,  resiijned. 

Mr.  a.  E.  FuiTH  has  resijrned  his  position  as  shift  engineer  at 
the  Stockton-on-Tees  Electricity  Works,  in  order  to  take  up  a 
similar  po.sition  with  the  Fife  Electric  Power  Co. 

The  Colwyn  Bay  Council  has  confirmed  a  recommendation  that 
the  salary  of  the  electrical  engineer  should  be  increased  from  £230 
to  £255  per  annum. 

The  Jlorsham  U.D.C.  has  pronted  the  electrical  engineer,  Mr. 
Morgan,  permission  to  supervise  the  carrying  out  of  the  electricity 
undertaking  at  Basingstoke. 

The  Hackney  B.C.  Electricity  Committee  recommends  that  in 
future  the  minimum  salary  for  the  ollice  of  assistant  distributing 
engineer  be  £120,  rising  by  £7  los.  per  annum  to  £150;  Mb.  A. 
Hilling  is  appointed  to  that  ollice  at  £120  per  annum.  The 
minimum  for  the  office  of  technical  inquiry  clerk  is  to  be  £90, 
rising  to  £120,  and  Mb.  A.  Gwvnn  holds  that  office  at  £105  per 
annum.  The  salaries  for  cost  clerk  and  general  clerk  are  also  to 
be  £90  each,  rising  to  £120,  and  Mb.  F.  G.  Taylor  holds  the 
former  appointment,  and  Mb.  H.  C.  Roberts  the  latter.  Mr. 
P.  H.  Shears,  canvasser,  is  to  receive  £91  per  annum,  with  com- 
mission according  to  scale. 

The  Ilford  U.D.C.  has  increased  the  salary  of  Me.  J.  R.  Myeb.s, 
superintendent  of  the  electricity  station,  from  £200  to  £210  per 
annum,  and  has  awarded  him  a  gratuity  of  £  10  in  respect  of  extra 
services  on  the  occasion  of  the  recent  fire. 

On  leaving  Gillingham  (Kent)  to  take  up  a  position  at  the 
Hastings  electricity  works,  Mr.  J.  Ryan,  assistant  resident 
engineer,  has  been  presented  by  the  staff  and  personal  friends  with 
a  barometer,  silver  fruit  dish,  and  a  fountain  pen. 

The  Norwich  T.C.  has  adopted  the  recommendation  of  the 
General  Purposes  Committee  (mentioned  in  the  Blectbical 
Review  last  week)  increasing  the  salary  of  Mb.  F.  M.  Long,  city 
electrical  engineer,  from  £600  to  £700  per  annum. 

The  Middlesbrough  Electricity  Committee  has  advanced  the  salary 
of  Mr.  H.  M.  Taylob,  engineer,  by  £25  to  £450  per  annum  ;  and  that 
of  Mb.  R.  Scotson,  mains  superintendent,  from  £180  to  £200. 

Mb.  Fbedebick  Swaebbick,  chief  engineer  to  the  Galway 
Company,  and  formerly  assistant  engineer  to  the  Leigh  (Lanes.) 
Corporation  electricity  department,  has  been  appointed  chief 
electrical  engineer  and  manager  to  the  Minehead  Electric  Supply 
Co.,  Ltd. 

Me.  a.  a.  Day,  the  borough  electrical  engineer  and  tramways 
manager  to  the  Bolton  Corporation,  has  resigned  through  ill-health. 
Mr.  Day  was  formerly  chief  assistant  electrical  engineer  of  Man- 
chester. He  was  appointed  borough  electrical  engineer  at  Bolton 
in  1900,  and  three  or  four  years  later  was  also  appointed  tramways 
manager,    ' 

Tramway  Officials. — The  Birkenhead  Tramways  Com- 
mittee has  recommended  the  appointment  of  Mb.  Cybil  Clabke 
as  tramways  manager  in  succession  to  Me.  W.  Wyld,  M.I.E.B.,  who 
was  recently  appointed  chief  electrical  engineer  and  manager  to 
the  Hampstead  Corporation.  Mr.  Clarke  received  early  training 
with  Mr.  G.  F.  Milnes,  tramcar  builder,  of  Birkenhead.  He  was 
one  of  the  last  siz  candidates  for  the  tramway  managership  of  the 
Southport  Corporation,  but  withdrew  from  the  final  appointment 
in  order  to  appear  before  the  Birkenhead  Tramways  Committee 
with  regard  to  the  present  appointment. 

Mb.  a.  S.  Slade,  for  some  time  superintendent  of  the  Perth 
electric  tramways,  has  been  appointed  traffic  superintendent  of  the 
Brisbane  tramways,  in  succession  to  Mb.  A.  G.  Stephens,  who  was 
recently  appointed  assistant  manager. — Mining  and  Engineering 
Review. 

General. — The  address  of  Mr.  E.  Hill  is  26,  not  24, 
Stanton  Road,  Wimbledon,  as  given  in  our  issue  of  May  IGth. 

The  Mining  and  Engineering  Review  says  that  Me.  F.  S.  Lee, 
who  for  some  years  was  in  charge  of  the  electrical  supplies  depart- 
ment of  Messrs.  Xoyes  Bros.  (Sydney),  Ltd.,  recently  resigned  that 
position,  and  has  joined  the  Sydney  staff  of  the  British  General 
Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  Times  states  that  Sib  William  Cbookes,  O.M.,  has  been 
elected  a  Foreign  Associate  of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences, 
Washington,  on  the  occasion  of  its  semi-centennial  celebration. 

Congratulations  and  good  wishes  to  SiE  Douglas  and  Lady 
Fox,  who,  on  26th  inst.,  celebrated  the  50th  anniversary  of  their 
marriage. 

Mb.  Chbis.  Jones,  A.M.I.E.E.,  has  resigned  his  appointment  at 
West  Cannock  Collieries,  having  accepted  the  position  of  chief 
electrical  engineer  to  Cannock  Chase  Colliery  Co.,  Ltd.  Mr.  Jones 
waSj  on  Saturday,  presented  with  a  silver-mounted  walking  stick 
and  inkstand,  from  the  electrical  staff  and  officials,  on  the  occasion 
of  his  leaving. 

The  resignation  of  Sib  Alfeed  Hopkinson,  K.C,  of  the  vioe- 
ohanoellorBhip    of    the    Victoria    TJniverBity,    Manchester,     oame 


before  a  menting  of  the  Court  on  Wixlnsxlay.  Th«  Tunri  mjt  thai 
the  unnouncoriinnt  hon  oc^jimionMl  much  mirpriiM  In  l.'nivrraity  cIrolM. 

(/'Ai-i.  II  IUam,  .Sa.skkv,  U.K.,  hoa  been  eloutcd  t>  the  Kx«(nitir« 
Coiniiiillcii  of  the  Dtiiiriul  AMmxiiation. 

Thii  Htufr  of  MuKHfH.  r'rompUin  \  (.'o.,  Ltil.,  Arc  Works,  Ch«law- 
ford,  have  preitentml  a  boMknt  of  cutlery  to  .Mit  Pkhi.'Y  Htokeh,  on 
his  marriage  ;  and  a  (iladNtono  bay  to  Mit.  A.  BuT(  iikk,  who  ia 
leaving  for  (Janatla. 

Coiigratiilatlun-  to  Mu.  G.  C.  llAM(LTr>.\  on  bin  election  M 
Mcmliur  of  I'lirliument  for  Altrincham  by  a  msjoritr  of  1,2<{2,  M 
ooinpurod  with  a  majority  of  only  I  \'J  gained  by  hiit  predoouwior. 

OI)ltuar,V. — The  death  Ih  untioiinfcd  of  Mk.  A.  H. 
Habman,  a  director  of  the  firm  of  Drummond  HroH,,  Guildford. 

I'KOi'.  J.  T.  Nk.'oi.hon. — Wc  learn  with  vi;ry  dw.-p  regret  of  the 
death,  which  occurred  on  TucHday,  of  Dr.  .J.  T.  Niwjliton,  who  for 
the  last  1 1  years  had  been  I'rofesMor  of  .Mechanical  Engineering  at 
Manchester  University.  The  7Vm/'ji,  after  referring  U)  bin  iottsreat 
in  internal-combustion  engines,  odds  that  at  the  time  he  wan  over- 
come by  iUncsH  he  was  engaged  in  equipping  a  laborat/jry  at  the 
Manchester  School  of  Technology,  for  rest-arch  work  in  thin 
department  of  engineering. 

Mr.  W.  M.  Cai.i.kndkb. — Welearnwith  great  regretof  the  death, 
which  occurred  on  the  24th  inst.,  at  Onernftey,  of  William  Manthall 
Callender,  second  son  of  the  late  W.  C).  Callender,  of  Bournemouth, 
at  the  age  of  54  years. 

Will.— The  Timex  states  that  Mr.  M.  T.  I'HF.rtTo.v. 
engineer,  a  director  of  Messrs.  J.  Stone  k.  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Deptford, 
left  estate  of  the  gross  value  of  £!>l,tl5,  with  net  personalty 
£90,511. 


CITY    NOTES. 


German  Electrical  Companies. 

The  Treuhand  Bank  fur  die  Eleclrische  Industrie,  of  Berlin, 
which  was  originally  formed  by  the  Felten  and  Guilleaume- 
Lahmeyer  Works  as  a  financing  institution,  and  was  subse- 
quently taken  over  by  the  A. E.G.,  reports  that  no  undertaJtings 
were  carried  out  in  1912.  The  net  income  from  intereet,  after 
defraying  general  expenses  and  taxes,  amounted  to  £12,700  on  a 
paid-up  capital  of  £312,500,  as  compared  with  £11,700  in  1911. 
A  dividend  of  3i  per  cent,  has  been  declared  for  1912,  as  against 
3J  per  cent,  in  the  previous  year. 

The  Kabelwerk  W ilhelmincnhof ,  of  Berlin,  states  that  the 
results  for  1912  were  not  uninfluenced  by  the  rise  in  the  prices 
of  metals  and  other  raw  materials  need  by  the  company.  The 
degree  of  activity  also  was  not  uniform,  but  was  often  rather 
of  a  fluctuating  character,  although  satisfactory  on  the  whole. 
Including  the  balance  forward  and  after  allocating  £2,600  to 
depreciation,  as  against  £1,900  in  1911,  and  making  other  appro- 
priations, the  accounts  exhibit  net  profits  of  £11,900  as  con- 
trasted with  £12,700  in  the  preceding  year.  A  dividend  at  the 
rate  of  15  per  cent,  has  been  declared,  being  the  same  a«  in 
1911.  It  is  mentioned  that  a  good  stock  of  orders  was  brought 
over  into  the  new  financial  year. 

The  directors  of  the  Land  und  Seekahelwerk  of  Cologne- 
Nippes  state  that  the  company  was  well  employed  during  1912, 
although  selling  prices  were  not  always  satisfactory.  The  gross 
profits  are  returned  at  £67,000,  as  compared  with  ^64,000  in 
1911,  and  the  net  profits,  after  placing  £14,000  to  depreciation, 
as  against  £16,000,  amounted  to  ^35,000,  as  contrasted  with 
£30,000.  A  dividend  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent,  has  been  de- 
clared, this  comparing  with  9  per  cent,  in  1911.  It  is  intimated 
that  the  receipt  of  new  orders  has  also  favourably  developed  in 
the  current  year,  apart  from  those  which  were  brought  forward 
from  1912.  .,  „    ,• 

The  Geselhchaft  fur  Elel-trische  Unternehmvngen,  of  Berlin, 
which  either  owns  or  is  financially  interested  in  77  supply  works 
or  tramways  in  various  countries,  reports  profits  of  £324,000 
from  dividends  and  interest  in  1912,  as  compared  with  ^306.000 
in  1911,  whilst  the  sale  of  securities  yielded  £65,000.  as  against 
£82,000  in  the  previous  year.  After  meeting  general  expenses 
and'  taxes  and  providing"  for  the  service  of  the  loan  debt  of 
£2  057  000,  the  accounts  indicate  net  profits  and  balance  forward 
of  £279,000,  as  contrasted  with  £271.000  in  1911.  It  has  been 
decided  to  pav  a  dividend  of  10  per  cent,  on  the  share  capital  of 
£%  500,000,  being  the  same  rate  as  in  the  preceding  year.  The 
share  capital  is  now  being  increased  to  ^3,000,000  by  the  issue 
of  ^500,000  of  new  shares  for  the  purpose  of  extending  the 
supply  works  owned  bv  the  company. 

The  Elcl-trizitats  Liefernngs  aesellsrhaft.  of  Berhn,  is  a 
supply  company  having  a  paid-up  share  capital  of  £1.125,000  and 
a  loan  debt  of  £966,000.  At  the  end  of  1912.  the  company 
owned  23  works,  as  compared  with  28  in  the  previous  year,  the 
reduction  being  due  to  the  sales  of  works  at  a  profit ;  whilst  five 
other  works  are  held  under  leases.  The  gross  profits  realised  in 
1912  amounted  to  £274.000.  as  contrasted  with  £207.000  in  1911. 
and  the  net  profits  and  balance  forward  were  £184.000,  as 
against  £124,000.  The  dividend  is  at  the  rate  of  12  per  cent., 
this  comparing  with  11  per  cent,  in  1911.  Formerly  the 
majority  of  the  shares  were  held  by  the  A. E.G..  but  they  were 
transferred  a  few  years  ago  to  the  A.E.G.'s  associated  company 
—the  Berlin  Electricity  Works— in  order  that  the  latter  mi^ht 
still  have  scope  for  activity  in  the  eyent  of  the  Berlin  Oity 
Council  taking  over  the  Berlin  snpplv  works  in  1915. 

The  accounts  for  1912  of  the  Bcrgmann  Eleltnzitais  Werke, 
of  Berlin  after  deducting  the  cost  of  manufacturing  and  writing 
down  stockB  by  f86,00O.  show  gross  profits  of  f582,000,  sa  com- 


904 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.         [Voi.  n.  No.  1,853,  mat  30, 1913. 


pared  with  £402,000  id  the  previous  year.  General  espenees, 
interest  charges,  and  taxes  absorb  £235,000,  as  against  £203,000, 
and  depreciation  of  plant  £135,000,  as  contrasted  with  £98,000, 
whilst  investments  have  been  written  off  by  the  sum  of  £57,000. 
Including  the  balance  forward  the  net  profits  reach  £119,000,  as 
compared  with  £95,000  in  1911,  and  a  dividend  of  5  per  cent, 
is  proposed  on  the  old  capital  of  £1,450,000,  as  in  the  preceding 
year,  and  2J  per  cent,  on  the  new  capital,  of  which  the  Siemens- 
Schuckert  Works  furnished  £425,000,  upon  which  50  per  cent, 
has  been  paid.  The  large  depreciation  of  investmeuLs  is  under- 
stood to  chiefly  concern  the  Bergmann  Electricity  Enterprises 
Company,  and  is  expected  to  be  continued  in  the  current  year. 
In  general  the  financial  strengthening  of  the  Bergmann  Works 
aims  at  the  remedying  of  the  errors  of  the  exceptionally  high 
dividends  which  were  paid  in  former  years. 

The  report  of  the  Aaumulatorcn  Fabrik,  of  Berlin-IIagcn, 
states  that  the  turnover  in  the  works  in  Germany  and  Austria 
amounted  to  £1,016,000  in  1912,  as  compared  with  £1,023,000  in 
the  previous  year,  whilst  the  oversea  business  remained  on  the 
same  level  as  in  1911.  The  warlike  complications  in  the  Balkans 
scarcely  affected  the  company,  as  sales  in  those  parts  had 
hitherto  been  inconsiderable.  The  accounts  show  the  following 
figures  for  the  two  years  :— 

1912  1911 

Share  capital £600,000  £400,000 

Gross   profits  414,000  366,000 

Depreciation  35,000  17,000 

Net    profits  225,000  227,000 

Dividend      100,000  100,000 

Dividend,  per  cent.  ...  25  25 

It  should  be  explained  that  the  additional  capital  of  £200,000 
will  become  entitled  to  participate  in  the  profits  for  the  first 
time  in  the  new  financial  year.  During  1912,  certain  invest- 
ments were  disposed  of,  thus  reducing  securities  in  portfolio 
from  £441,000  to  £257,000,  and  the  proceeds  were  devoted  partly 
to  the  repayinent  of  the  bonds  of  £150,000,  and  for  the  extension 
of  the  German  works  which  was  purchased,  but  the  site  in 
Buda  Pesth  was  sold  to  the  Tudor  Accumulator  Co.,  of  that 
city.  The  share  held  in  the  Mark  Electricity  Works  was  fully 
paid  up ;  shares  were  taken  over  in  the  Roumanian  Company, 
and  an  interest  was  also  secured  in  other  companies  concerned 
with  the  use  of  secondary  batteries.  The  orders  completed  by 
the  end  of  March,  1913,  represented  an  increase  of  £100,000 
over  the  corresponding  period  in  1912. 

The  report  of  Felten  und  GuUlcaume-CarUwerk,  of  Mulheim, 
states  that  the  general  industrial  development  in  1912  was  of 
advantage  to  the  company,  and  the  war  in  the  Balkans  had  not 
had  any  noteworthy  influence  upon  business.  The  turnover  at 
the  Carlswerk  experienced  a  further  increase,  and  both  the 
quantity  and  value  were  in  excess  of  any  preceding  year,  whilst 
better  results  were  in  part  obtained  from  the  company's  invest- 
ments. Concerning  the  Frankfort  dynamo  works  which  were 
transferred  to  the  A. E.G.  two  or  three  years  ago,  it  is  men- 
tioned that  the  liquidation  of  the  business  made  further  pro- 
gress, although  some  years  would  be  occupied  in  the  final  clos- 
ing of  the  accounts.  The  requirements  in  the  matter  of  semi- 
finished steel  had  led  to  an  association  with  Jules  Collare  and 
Co.,  of  Steinfort  (Luxemburg) ;  the  latter  had  been  converted 
into  the  Steinfort  Iron  and  Steel  Works  Co.,  and  preparations 
had  been  made  for  developing  the  blast  furnace  plant  into  a 
steel  works  capable  of  meeting  the  needs  in  ingots  and  billets, 
etc.  Daring  the  year  business  in  iron  and  steel  manufactures 
stood  under  the  influence  of  the  uncertainty  regarding  the 
renewal  of  the  syndicates  concerned,  and  sale  prices  were  conse- 
quently not  very  satisfactory.  On  the  other  hand,  the  wire  rope 
works,  the  cable  factory,  copper  works,  rubber  factory,  and  the 
factory  for  insulated  conductors,  were  fully  employed  at  favour- 
able prices.  The  accounts  indicate  the  undernoted  results  for 
the  two  years  : — 

1912  1911 

Share  capital £2,750,000  £2,750,000 

Loan    capital 1,218,000  1,241,000 

Gross  profits 547,000  509,000 

Depreciation     83,000  92,000 

Net  profits   and 

balance  forward  ...  278,000  212,000 

Dividend,  per  cent.   ...  8  6 

The  dividend  of  8  per  cent,  compares  with  6  per  cent,  in  1911, 
4  per  cent,  in  1910,  6  per  cent,  in  1909,  and  8  per  cent,  in  1908, 
thus  showing  a  recovery  since  the  disposal  of  the  Frankfort 
department.  At  the  end  of  1912,  the  number  of  workmen  and 
oflScials  employed  was  6,846,  as  compared  with  6,082  at  the  close 
of  the  previous  vear.  The  companv's  investments  increased 
from  £1,755,000  in  1911  to  £2,162.000  in  1912  by  the  subscription 
of  shares  in  the  Steinfort  Steel  Works  and  other  undertakings, 
and  by  the  completion  of  further  instalments  on  the  interests 
held  in  Escher,  Wyss  and  Co.,  the  St.  Petersburg  United  Cable 
Works  Co.,  etc. 

Russian  Electrical  Companies. 

The  directors  of  the  Russian  Tvdor  Accumulator  Works  Co., 
of  St.  Petersburg,  report  that  a  further  increase  in  the  turnover 
and  working  results  took  place  in  1912,  the  expansion  necessi- 
tating an  augmentation  in  the  share  capital  from  £120,000  to 
£"240, rXW.  The  net  profits  amounted  to  £34,748,  as  compared 
with  £25,556  in  1911,  and  a  dividend  of  10  per  cent,  has  been 
declared  on  the  larger  capital,  as  against  14  per  cent,  on 
£120.000  in  the  preceding  year.  It  is  stated  that  the  orders 
brought  over  into  the  new  year  were  substantially  greater  than 
at  the  beginning  of  1912. 


The  report  of  the  Russian  A.E.G.,  of  St.  Petersburg,  for  1912, 
states  that  an  important  development  took  place  in  the  economic 
life  of  the  country  and  the  further  progress  of  the  company  in 
connection  therewith  was  satisfactory.  A  considerable  increase 
in  the  turnover  was  experienced,  and  the  working  results  were 
more  favourable  than  in  the  preceding  year.  The  St.  Peters- 
burg United  Cable  Works,  in  which  the  company  is  interested, 
again  proposed  to  distribute  8  per  cent,  for  1912,  as  in  the 
previous  year.  As  gross  profits  the  accounts  of  the  A. E.G. 
show  the  sum  of  £129,561,  as  compared  with  £105,136  in  1911. 
After  placing  £28,000  to  depreciation,  as  against  £25,000,  and 
making  provision  for  taxes,  reserve  fund,  and  other  charges, 
the  balance  of  the  profits  permits  of  the  payment  of  a 
dividend  of  9  per  cent,  on  capital  of  £800,000,  as  contrasted 
with  8  per  cent,  in  1911.  The  share  capital  was  raised  to 
£1,200,000  in  February,  1913,  and  the  premium  of  £50,000 
realised  on  the  issue  has  been  placed  to  the  reserve  fund. 

The  report  of  the  Rusgiaii  Siernens  db  IlaJKke  Co.,  of  St. 
I'ltdfhurij,  stat-es  that  an  exceptional  growth  in  orders  was 
recorded  in  1912.  It  was,  however,  impossible  to  keep  pace 
with  deliveries  to  a  corresponding  extent,  as  a  few  weeks  after 
starting  full  working  in  the  new  dynamo  works,  a  strike  broke 
out  at  both  works,  and  was  only  settled  after  lasting  for  three 
months,  whilst  at  the  same  time  a  scarcity  of  skilled  workers 
was  experienced  at  the  new  works.  Including  the  balance  for- 
ward the  accounts  exhibit  profits  of  £63,638  for  1912,  as  con- 
trasted with  £52,177  in  the  previous  year  on  a  share  capital  of 
£560,000.  After  allocating  £20,000  to  depreciation,  as  against 
£10,000  in  1911,  the  balance  allows  of  the  payment  of  a  dividend 
of  6  per  cent.,  being  the  same  rate  as  in  the  preceding  year. 
The  report  further  mentions  that  the  completion  of  the  new 
dynamo  works  afforded  the  necessary  basis  for  the  carrying  out 
of  a  long  considered  scheme  for  amalgamating  the  heavy  elec- 
trical engineering  department,  as  had  taken  place  in  other 
countries,  with  that  of  the  Russian  Schuckert  Co.,  of  St.  Peters- 
burg. The  scheme  would  be  accomplished  by  the  latter,  assum- 
ing the  title  of  the  Russian  Siemens-Schuckert  Co.,  and 
increasing  its  share  capital  to  £1.500,000,  of  which  about 
£1,100,000  would  devolve  upon  the  Siemens  and  Halske  Co.  for 
the  assets  brought  into  the  combined  undertaking.  Of  the 
shares  to  be  received  from  the  Siemens-Schuckert  Co.,  the 
Siemens  and  Halske  Co.  would  transfer  about  £825,000  at  the 
nominal  value  to  the  parent  company  in  Berlin  in  settlement 
of  a  loan  granted  by  that  company,  and  the  two  companies  would 
hold  eleven-fifteenths  of  the  capital  of  the  Siemens-Schuckert 
Co.  The  light  electrical  engineering  departments  would  be 
continued  by  the  Siemens  and  Halske  Co.  in  its  own  name. 
The  cable  business  was  in  the  hands  of  the  United  Cable  Works, 
in  which  the  company  held  one-third  of  the  capital  of  £600,000, 
upon  which  a  dividend  of  8  per  cent,  had  been  declared  for 
1912.  as  in  the  preceding  year.  It  is  added  that  the  Polish 
Electrolishmeil  Works  of  Siemens,  of  which  the  company 
owns  the  majority  of  the  capital,  would  pay  4  per  cent,  for  the 
first  year's  working,  after  having  written  off  preliminary  ex- 
penses. The  Russian  Ozone  Utilisation  Co.  had  terminated  its 
first  year  with  a  loss,  although  the  prospects  were  not  unfavour- 
able, especially  if  the  larger  installation  for  the  sterilisation  of 
the  whole  of  the  water  supply  for  St.  Petersburg  was  to  be 
carried   into   effect. 


West  African  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. 

Thb  meeting  of  this  Company  was  held  on  May  21st  at  Electra 
House,  E.G. 

Sir  J.  Denisok-Pender,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the 
report  (see  Elec.  Rev.,  p.  864),  said  that  the  gross  revenue  for 
the  year  under  review  amounted  to  £46,603,  as  against  £54,928 
for  1911,  or  a  decrease  of  £8,320.  That  decrease  would  have 
been  larger,  owing  to  the  cessation  of  the  payment  of  the  Portu- 
guese Guarantee,  if  there  had  not  been  an  increase  in  other 
directions.  Messages  showed  an  increase  of  £1,091,  and 
interest  and  dividends  of  about  £1,600,  while  they  had  benefited 
to  the  extent  of  just  over  £500  by  the  effect  of  exchange.  With 
regard  to  the  expenses  he  was  pleased  to  say  they  were  sUghtly 
less  than  in  1911— £23,900  odd,  against  £26,000,  or  a  reduction 
of  £2,000.  At  the  same  time  he  must  point  out  that  this  was 
entirely  due  to  a  reduction  of  £2,000  in  respect  of  expenses 
attending  the  maintenance  of  cables,  the  other  items  of  expedi- 
ture  being  practically  the  same  as  last  year.  Therefore  they 
could  not  rely  on  that  £2,000,  for  next  year  if  they  were 
unfortunate  they  might  have  to  pay  double  that  amount  in  the 
maintenance  of  cables.  The  net  result  of  the  year's  business 
showed  that  they  were  able,  after  providing  for  the  usual  4  per 
cent,  dividend,  to  set  aside  £13,000  to  reserve,  which  was  only 
£4,000  less  than  the  amount  transferred  in  1911,  and  that  left 
the  reserve  fund  at  the  very  satisfactory  figure  of  nearly 
£300,000.  As  there  had  been  several  decreases  in  the  revenue, 
he  thought  it  advisable  to  give  the  shareholders  a  short  history 
of  the  Company  to  show  them  what  a  sound  position  it  was 
still  in.  They  would  remember  that  tlie  Company  was  start-ed 
in  1885  with  a  share  capital  of  £231,090  and  a  debenture  debt 
of  £300,000;  the  debentures  being  subject  to  annual  drawings. 
At  that  time  they  had  stations  not  only  at  the  Portuguese 
possessions  but  also  at  certain  French  Colonies  on  the  West 
Coast  of  .\frica.  From  the  Portuguese  Government  they  re- 
ceived a  guarantee  equivalent  to  a  maximum  of  £42,000  a  year, 
60  that  their  total  income  on  all  through  traffic  in  their  Portu- 
guese stations  should  not  fall  below  that  figure.  The  actual 
amount  received  from  the  Portuguese  Government  was  at  the 
beginning  £33,000;  but  that  sum  fell  to  £25,000,  and  latterly  to 
£21,000  u  the  traffic  developed.     The  French  Government  gave 


Vol.  73.    No.  1,858,  Mat  80,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    KEVIEW. 


'>m 


tliem  a  subsidy  equal  to  A'lU.UUO  a  year  for  llie  Krcndi  atatioiia 
conneetu'I  by  tlieir  nybtoiii  of  cables.  'I  licii  ouiiie  llie  Dale  in 
moii  of  Die  l''ieiiili  eHt)le«  to  the  Krerich  Oovci  niueiil.,  Iiy  whicli 
tliey  were  able  lo  cancel  tlieir  oiittitiui  ling  <libcnliircM.  Of 
course,  tlie  Kri'neh  Hubsidy  ceaBud  wliiii  IIh'  eabioH  were  sold. 
The  proMptrity  of  the  Company  iniglit  be  miid  to  dale  from  tlial 
•ale,  and  tlie  Huliseiiueul  relief  of  ilie  burden  of  the  tiebenture 
debt.  l''or  yeaiK  past  they  had  regularly  paid  a  4  per  cent, 
dividend,  and  they  wore  able  to  reeoninieiid  the  game  payment 
this  year  in  spile  of  the  loss  of  llie  I'ortuguese  guarantee,  wliicli 
entirely  ceased  last  year,  and  in  face  of  the  fact  that  there 
hiwi  been  considerable  reductions  in  the  rates  since  the  cables 
were  opened.  At  the  lirst  blush  the  present  accounts  looked 
unsatislactory,  but  when  they  rcmenitjered  that  the  revenue 
had  been  earned  by  trallic  and  without  any  subsidies,  they 
would  see  that  it  wa-s  most  satisfactory,  and  that  in  spite  of 
the  loss  of  the  subsidies  the  Company  was  almost  certain  to 
continue  paying  the  same  dividend  and  also  to  put  aside  satis- 
factory sums  to  reserve. 

Mr.   U.   K.   Uuav   seconded  the  motion,   and   the   report  wa« 
adopted. 


Western  Telegraph  Co.,  Lid. 

This  Company's  meeting  was  held  on  May  21st  at  Elcetra 
House,  E.C. 

Sir  Joun  Wolfe  Barry,  K.C.B.,  in  proposing  the  adoption 
of  the  report  (see  Elec  Kev.,  p.  822],  said  tliat  tlie  result  of  the 
Company's  working  during  the  half-year  wa.s  satisfactory. 
There  was  an  increase  in  message  revenue  of  X"i,6u2  and  in 
interest  on  iuvestmeuta,  etc.,  i'5,(i04,  together  i!8,31C.  This 
result  compared  with  the  half-year  of  lyil,  before  they  largely 
re<luced  their  tariffs.  The  period  under  review  had  provided 
no  public  event  in  South  America  of  sufficient  importance  to 
aft'ect  telegraphic  traffic  to  any  appreciable  extent,  and  the 
growth  shown  was  due  to  the  excellent  trade  conditions  existing 
in  the  countries  they  served.  The  working  expenses  were 
higher,  for  although  the  increase  in  message  receipts  wa«  small, 
the  volume  of  international  traffic  dealt  with  during  the  half- 
year  was  over  20  per  cent,  greater  than  during  the  correspond- 
ing six  months  of  1911,  when  the  higher  tariff  was  in  force. 
The  expenses  in  London  were  more  by  £700,  principally  due  to 
extra  staff  and  increased  office  accommodation.  At  the  stations 
th'^  mcrease  was  nearly  flO,500.  The  exjienses  attending  the 
maw.;enance  of  cables  was  more  by  i;l0,200,  due  to  increased 
consumption  of  coal  by  the  ships  and  more  cable  used  ou  repairs 
than  in  the  corresponding  period  of  1911.  Income  tax  was 
higher  by  nearly  £500.  The  cost  of  the  renewal  of  the  land- 
lines  at  Sajitos  amounted  to  £1,400,  but  against  this  the  cost 
of  landlines  at  Pernambuco  in  1911  was  £4,400,  showing  a 
decrease  of  about  £3,000.  The  net  increase  in  expenses  was 
therefore  £18,900,  and  in  net  revenue  there  was  a  decrease  of 
rather  more  than  £10,000.  After  providing  £16,37.3  for  deben- 
ture stock  interest  and  £8,361  for  income  tax,  there  remained  a 
balance  of  £237,679,  which,  with  £33,517  brought  forward  from 
both  June  last,  made  a  total  of  £271,196.  First  and  second  in- 
terim dividends,  amounting  to  £62,379,  had  been  paid,  and  after 
transferring  £140,000  to  the  general  reserve  fund,  £25,000  to 
the  provision  on  account  of  investment  fluctuations,  and  £10,000 
to  the  land  and  buildings  depreciation  fund,  there  remained 
£33,817,  which  was  carried  forward.  In  conclusion  the  Chair- 
man announced  that  in  future  the  interim  meeting  would  be 
discontinued  and  au  annual  meeting  only  would  be  held  in 
November    ea«h    year. 

Sir  J.  Denison-Pend^er  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report 
was  adopted. 


South  Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways  and 
Lighting  Co.,  Ltd. 

Mr.  C.  G.  Tegetmeier  presided,  on  May  21st,  at  the  offices  in 
Kingsway,  W.C.,  over  the  meeting  of  this  company. 

The  Chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Elec  Rev.,  p.  821)  said  that  the  result  of  the  year's  operations 
showed  a  surplus  of  £15,493,  comjjared  with  £13.939  in  the  pre- 
ceding year.  The  traffic  receijjts  on  the  tramways  amounted  to 
£44,273,  or  £491  less  than  in  the  preceding  year.  A  comp.arison 
between  the  two  years  was,  however,  affected  by  the  fact  that 
in  1911  they  had  an  exceptionally  fine  summer,  and  the  Pageant 
of  the  Empire  held  that  year  at  the  Crystal  Palace  brought  them 
a  good  deal  of  abnormal  traffic.  Last  year  the  weather,  especi- 
ally during  the  summer  months,  was  very  unfavourable,  and  the 
holiday  traffic  on  their  lines,  which  constituted  a  considerable 
proportion  of  their  receipts,  was  very  adversely  affected.  They 
must  regard  it  as  satisfactory  that  they  were  able  to  maintain 
their  receipts  so  well  and  to  show  an  increase  over  1910  of 
£1,611.  Their  working  expenses  on  the  tramways  showed  little 
variation.  With  regard  to  the  electricity  supply  section  of  the 
business,  very  steady  progress  was  being  made.  The  number 
of  consumers  increased  from  1,355  to  1,535,  and  there  was  an 
increase  of  £1,341  in  the  sale  of  current  for  private  lighting.  In 
the  four  years  since  1908,  the  receipts  from  this  branch  of  their 
business  had  increased  from  £6.358  to  last  year's  figures  of 
£11,207,  and  as  a  considerable  portion  of  their  extensive  area 
of  supply  was  still  undeveloped,  they  might  look  forward  to 
further  and  continuous  growth.  Their  cap'.tal  expenditure  dur- 
ing the  year  amounted  to  £3.980  upon  flic?  electricity  supply 
section,  and  £354  upon  the  tramways,  the  larger  portion  of  the 
former  being  for  the  cost  of  new  mainc  to  serve  newly-erected 
houses.     As  additional  houses  wer?  built  on  the  line  of  mains 


thiB  cipciidituri-  bi(  amc  iiicrcMlinjly  riinuiicrfclivc.  i  ho  com- 
bine<l  working  balanctn  from  the  two  iici'lixni  uf  the  uiidcrtak' 
iiig  aiiKJiiiiti'il  to  £27,.'ii2,  or  X'2I<J  Uh^i  tlinii  in  thu  preceding 
year,  but  HUiidry  rfieipl«  wi-ru  £1,1)20  mor<;.  Aij  iiiiijurtafil  in»l- 
tcr  wiiH  the  prii|i(iHal  the  Nbareholdcrii  had  ri'<.'<'ive<l  to  excbuige 
their  preference  uiid  ordinary  bhareii  fur  iliaret  lu  thu  Loadou 
and  Suburban  Tructiun  Coiiipuiiy,  aii<l  il  waa  filling  tL»l  b« 
should  stale  the  rcoAoua  which  induced  Ihu  dircctura  to  revoffl- 
mend  them  utrungly  tu  accept  it.  '1  he  npciker  wvul  ou  to  refer 
to  thu  incorporaliiiii  of  thu  London  and  Miiburbau  Coinpaojr, 
and  Ik;  ad<li'<i  that  tlieru  couhi  bu  no  doubt  that  Ihv  luaioD 
was  u*lvaiilageouH  In  the  iutercHtH  of  thu  iharcholdura  uf 
the  Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways  and  the  l^iuditii 
United  'i'ramwaya,  and  the  directora  conaidered  il  would  b« 
eipiully  in  the  interests  of  the  alinrelioldera  of  th' 
polilau  Company  lo  join  the  combination.     Then  I 

lor    the   last   few   years   ahown    indicatioua   of   at    .  ._     - ^U 

somewhat  blow  progreas.  Their  electric  supply  underlukiug  Hoa 
developing  and  was  capable  of  very  cousiderablu  further  de- 
velopment, and  it  conditions  remained  unaltered  they  might 
look  forward  lo  progressive  improvement  in  their  tramway 
undertaking,  which  at  present  provided  the  greater  p<jrlion  of 
their  proiils.  But  conditions  were  altering,  and  they  had  lo 
anticipate  that  the  same  motor  omnibus  competition  which  had 
affected  the  revenue  of  the  other  tramway  companiea  in  the 
London  and  suburban  area  would  also  affect  tliem.  Since  thtt 
beginning  of  the  year  they  had  experienced  motor  oninibua 
competition  on  a  portion  of  one  of  their  routes,  and  the  effect 
upon  their  revenue  showed  what  was  likely  to  be  the  result  if 
the  competition  became  more  extended.  In  anticipation  of  thia 
competition  and  for  the  protection  of  their  interesla,  they 
decided  to  acquire  and  operate  motor  omnibuses,  and  they 
plivced  an  order  in  the  latter  part  of  last  year  for  10  'busea, 
which  had  recently  been  delivered  to  them,  but  it  was  obvious 
that  to  operate  a  small  number  of  omnibuses  in  competition 
with  existing  omnibus  interests  would  be  a  difficult  business, 
and  would  not  secure  the  best  results  If  the  proposed  ex- 
change of  shares  was  carried  out,  the  10  minibuses  would  be 
worked  by  the  London  General  Omnibus  Company  under  a 
similar  arrangement  to  that  which  existed  in  respect  of  the 
omnibuses  of  the  Tramways  (M.E.T.)  Omnibus  Company.  The 
earnings  would  swell  the  profits  of  the  London  and  Suburban 
Traction  Company  in  which  they  would  be  shareholders,  and  it 
was  easy  lo  realise  that  the  earnings  of  omnibuses  worked  under 
this  arrangement  would  be  mucn  larger  than  if  they  were 
worked  in  competition  with  the  fleet  of  the  London  General 
Omnibus  Company.  The  preference  shares  in  the  South  Metro- 
politan Company  were  £1  each  and  entitled  to  a  6  per  cent, 
cumulative  preferenced  dividend,  but  they  ranked  equally  with 
the  ordinary  shaves  in  any  deficiency  of  assets.  They  were 
invited  to  exchange  these  shares  for  shares  in  the  London  and 
Suburban  Traction  Company,  bearing  a  cumulative  preferential 
dividend  of  5  per  cent.,  and  having  priority  of  capital  over  the 
ordinary  shares,  and  they  were  offered  £125  of  new  shares  for 
every  £100  of  shares  which  they  held  at  present.  They  would 
therefore  receive  £1  os.  of  new  capital  in  exchange  for  £1  of 
present  capital,  and  the  return  would  be  £0  5s.  per  cent,  upon 
the  amount  of  their  present  capital  instead  of  £6  per  cent,  as 
at  present.  The  shares  they  received  would  rank  for  dividend 
from  the  last  quarter.  They  would  be  entitled  to  the  dividend 
proposed  to  be  paid  on  their  present  shares  for  the  past  year, 
but  would,  of  course,  not  be  entitled  to  any  arrears  of  dividend. 
With  regard  to  the  ordinary  shares  in  the  South  Metropolitan, 
upon  which  no  dividend  had  yet  been  paid,  the  holders  of  these 
shares  were  offered  £75  of  ordinary  snares  in  the  London  and 
Suburban  Traction  Company  for  every  £100  of  shares  they  at 
present  held.  While  they  would  suffer  a  diminution  of  capital, 
he  believed  they  also  would  be  in  a  better  position  after  the 
exchange  than  at  present.  The  profits  of  the  London  and 
Suburban  Traction  Company  would  be  derived  from  the  divi- 
dends it  received  on  the  shares  it  held  in  the  Metropolitan 
Electric  Tramways,  the  London  United  Tramw.-vys.  on  the  whole 
of  the  shares  in  the  Tramways  (M.E.T.)  Omnibus  Company, 
and  on  the  shares  it  would  hold  in  the  South  Metropolitan 
Company  if  the  exchange  was  effected.  It  was  difficult  at 
present  "to  form  any  definite  estimate  of  what  these  profits 
would  amount  to,  for  one  reason,  because  it  would  be  some  little 
time  before  the  whole  of  the  omnibuses  of  the  Tramways 
(M.E.T.)  Omnibus  Company  were  in  public  service,  and  bring- 
ing in  revenue,  but  they  were  satisfie<l  that  the  preference  share- 
holders would  receive  their  dividend,  and  that  there  was  a  good 
prospect  of  a  fair  return  in  future  to  the  oirlinary  shareholdera 
who  exchanged  their  shares.  Another  point  to  be  borne  in 
mind  was  that  by  making  the  exchange  they  would  become 
shareholders  in  a  company  with  a  very  large  capital  and  with 
a  large  number  of  shareholders,  and  that  there  would  be  a 
better  market  for  the  shares  than  there  was  for  those  which  they 
held   at  present. 

J[r.  E.  Garcke  seconded  the  motion. 

Replying  to  a  question,  the  Chairman  said  the  debenture 
holders  were  not  affected  in  any  way  by  the  proposed  exchange. 

Mr.  Croft  agreed  that  the  combination  proposed  ou£;ht  to 
result  in  reduced  a-dministrative  expenses.  He  asked  who 
would  be  the  directors  of  the  London  and  Suburban  Traction 
Company. 

The  Chairman  said  if  the  exchange  was  carried  through,  he 
would  be  offered  a  seat  on  the  Board  of  the  Traction  Company. 

A  shareholder  thought  that  the  preference  shareholders  were 
entitled  to  the  one  year's  arrears  of  dividend,  which  they  would 
lose  if  they  exchanged  their  shares. 

The  Chairman  pointed  out  that  there  was  no  compulsion  on 
any  shareholder  to  exchange  his  shares.     If  a  shareholder  did 


g  906 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.         [Voi  72.  No.  i.sss.  may  30,  i9i3. 


not  exchange,  and  the  arrears  of  dividend  was  paid,  then  he 
would  receive  his  share.  The  scheme  was  not  effective  unless 
75  per  cent,  of  both  classes  of  shareholders  exchanged  their 
shares.  At  present  the  holders  of  over  99  per  cent,  of  the 
ordinary  were  willing  to  do  so,  and  of  the  preference  shares 
nearly  86  per  cent,  had  consented,  so  that  the  scheme  did  be- 
come effective  subject  to  the  London  and  Suburban  Traction 
Company  agreeing  to  increaee  the  capital  of  that  company  to 
the   necessary   extent. 

The  report  was  then  adopted. 


Kidderminster  and  District  Electric  Lighting  and 
Traction  Co.,  Ltd. 

Mb.  S.  E.  Gaeckb  presided  on  May  22nd  over  the  meeting  of 
this  Companv,  held  at  the  offices  of  the  Electrical  Federation, 
Kingsway,  W.C.  In  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report,  he 
said  the'capital  expenditure  had  increased  during  the  year  by 
£■1  534,  chiefly  in  connection  with  the  installation  of  a  new 
battery,  and  further  expenditure  would  be  require<l  during  the 
year,  because  a  certain  increase  was  necessary  to  the  plant,  in 
view' of  the  demands  of  the  coming  winter,  which  they  hoped 
would  be  greater  than  in  the  past  winter.  With  regard  to  the 
profit  and  loes  account,  the  dividend  received  from  the  Kidder- 
minster and  Stourport  Tramways  Co.  was  at  the  rate  of  3J  per 
cent.,  as  previously.  As  to  the  electric  supply  business,  the 
total  revenue  from  this  undertaking  showed  an  increase  of  ^-250. 
There  had  been  a  somewhat  serious  increase  in  the  price  of  fuel, 
and  the  cost  of  generation  had  consequently  increased  by  ^240. 
The  sum  of  .£220  had  been  written  off  motors  in  the  accounts 
under  consideration,  and  this  item,  with  the  increase  he  had 
mentioned  accounted  for  the  tovsl  increase  of  jEeOO  in  the  cost 
of  the  supply.  The  result  was  that  the  available  balance  car- 
ried to  the  net  revenue  account  was  £3,693,  as  compared  vvith 
£i  076  in  the  preceding  year.  The  renewals  fund  now  stood  at 
the  substantial  figure  of  i:6,819,  and  the  reserve  fund  at  £1,750. 
Altogether  the  sum  of  £16,369  15s.  3d.  had  been  provided  out  of 
the  past  profits  for  reserve  and  renewals  generally. 

Mb.  W.  Jones  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted  without  discussion. 

Mb  B  Shiekeff  Hilton  was  re-elected  a  director,  and  the 
remuneration  of  the  directors  was  fixed  at  £50  for  the  Chairman 
and  £25  each  for  the  other  directoro  fo:  the  year. 


Brisbane  Electric  Tramways  Investment  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  12th  annual  meeting  was  held  on  May  21st,  at  Winchester 
House,  E.C.,  Mr.  H.  R.  Beeton  presiding. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Elec  Rev.,  p.  (-9), 
the  Chaibman  said  that  the  strike,  which  he  described  at  length 
at  the  last  meeting,  had  seriously  affected  the  accounts  for  the 
vear    The  service  was  entirely  suspended  for  4  days,  and  largely 
interrupted  during  the  whole  of  the  first  quarter,   causing  a 
reduction    in    the   traffic    receipts   for   those   three    months   of 
£14  337.     With  the  resumption  of  normal  conditions,  however, 
they  not  only  made  good  that  loss  in  the  remaining  nine  months, 
but  showed  a  net  increase  of  £879  at  the  close  of  the  year.    The 
expenses  increased   by  £34,893.     Of  this  amount  £15,305   was 
directly  attributable  to  the  strike,  £4,765  to  the  legal  and  other 
expenses  in  connection  with   the  Australian  Employees  Asso- 
ciation's action,  and  the  balance  to  the  general  rise  in  wages, 
materials    and  power  house   expenses,   consequent  upon  larger 
sales  of  current.     They  estimated  that  the  total  loss  incurred 
directly  and  indirectly  by  the  strike  was  fully  £32,000.     In  the 
circumstances,    it   was   a   matter   for    congratulation    that   the 
Tramways     Company's     profits    were    sufficient    after     adding 
£10,000   to   its   renewals   fund    (bringing   it  up   to   £100,000)   to 
enable  the  Investment  Company,  after  providing  for  its  deben- 
ture interest  and  preference  dividend,  and  adding  £5,500  to  its 
reserve  fund,  to  pay  the  usual  8  per  cent,  on  its  ordinary  shares, 
leaving   £3.781    to  'be   carried    forward,    with    an    aggregate    of 
renewals  and  reserve  funds  and  the  undivided  profits  amounting 
to  £121,909.     At  the  last  meeting,  he  mentioned  that  the  vari- 
ous local  authorities,  through  whose  districts  their  lines  ran, 
had  had  several  joint  meetings  with  a  view  to  coming  to  an 
arrangement  for  the  purchase  of  their  undertaking,  culminat- 
ing in  their  promoting  a  Bill  in  the  Queensland   Legislature 
seeking    powers    for    the    appointment    of    a    Joint    Board    to 
negotiate  with  their  Company  an  agreement  to  enable  them  to 
acquire  the  undertaking   at  any   time  at  an   agreed   price   and 
conceding  to  them  a  share  of  profits  in  the  working  in  the  mean- 
time.    The   representatives   of   the    local   authorities,    however, 
while   approving   generally   the   making  of  such   an   agreement, 
were  unable  to  agree  as  to  the  constitution  of  the  Joint  Board, 
and  the  Bill  was  therefore  dropped.     He  also  stated  at  the  last 
meeting  that  for  the  purpose  of  extensions  and  renewals  they 
would  have  to  issue  in  the  near  future  further  capital,  which 
would  probably  take  the  form  of  an  Lssue  of  ordinary  shares  at 
par.     Negotiations  were  pending  as  to  the  terms  on  which  ex- 
tensions should  be  made,  and  the  question  of  the  further  issue 
of  capital  must  be  deferred  until  these  negotiations  were  com- 
pleted.      Towards  the   end   of  December     1912,   the   Common- 
wealth Arbitration  Court  gave  its  award  in  the  matter  of  the 
alleged   industrial   dispute    between   the   Australian   Tramways 
Employees  Asstx;iation  and  the  various  tramway  undertakings 
in  Australia.    That  award,  so  far  as  their  Company  was  con- 
cerned, gave  preference  to  the  members  of  the  Employees  Asso- 


ciation, an  eight-hour  day,  two  weeks  vacation,  increased  wages, 
and  other  advantages  to  the  men,  the  cost  of  which  would 
amount  to  a  considerable  sum.  Having  been  advised  that  the 
award  was  invalid,  they  immediately  applied  to  the  High  Court 
and  obtained  an  order  niti  calling  upon  the  Association  to  show 
cause  why  a  writ  of  prohibition  sliould  not  issue  prohibiting 
any  further  proceedings  against  the  Company  upon  the  award. 
The  further  hearing  of  the  matter  had  been  postponed  until 
June,  and  might  be  still  further  postponed,  but  until  the  decision 
of  the  High  Court  was  obtained,  the  award  would  he  in  abey- 
ance. As  the  matter  was  sub  judice,  he  did  not  propose  to  say 
anything  farther  on  the  point  except  that  they  were  advised  that 
they  might  reasonably  expect  the  award  to  be  set  aside,  as  had 
been  the  case  with  other  awards  made  by  the  same  Judge.  At 
the  same  time,  he  wished  to  add  that  the  board  had  always  been 
willing  to  accord  to  their  employees  a  reasonable  share  in  the 
growing  prosperity  of  the  Company,  and  to  consider  suggestioiu 
for  their  benefit.  Their  prospects  continued  fayourable,  as  was 
evidenced  by  the  fact  that  the  receipts  to  the  end  of  April 
amounted  to  £99,430,  being  an  increase  of  £36,196  over  the  same 
period  last  year,  and  of  £23,129  over  the  same  period  of  the 
year  before.  He  was  glad  to  be  able  to  report  that  after  giving 
them  the  benefit  of  his  presence  in  London,  Mr.  Badger  had 
returned  to  his  post  in  restored  health,  and  to  him  again,  and 
to  the  devoted  staff  which  he  controlled  and  inspired,  their  best 
thanks  were  due. 

Mb.  W.  F.  Hakilton,  K.C,  in  seconding  the  resolution,  said 
that  he  spent  ten  weeks  in  Australia  last  year  on  the  business 
of  the  Company.  He  was  very  favourably  impressed  with  the 
great  future  that  lay  before  Brisbane,  and  lie  was  convinced  that 
that  city  would  remain  the  principal  port  of  Queensland.  He 
did  not  believe  there  was  any  likelihood  of  any  labour  troubles 
for  many  years  to  come,  nor  did  he  think  there  was  any  prob- 
ability of  either  the  Government  or  the  municipalities  purchas- 
ing the  Company's  undertaking. 

Replying  to  a  shareholder,  the  Chaibman  said  that  the  possi- 
bility of  motor  'bus  competition  had  been  the  subject  of  con- 
stant watchfulness  on  the  part  of  the  boaid,  especially  in  view  of 
the  success  which  had  been  achieved  by  those  vehicles  in  London. 
They,  however,  felt  no  fear  on  the  subject,  for  the  two  motor 
'bus  companies  which  had  started  in  Brisbane  had  already  gone 
into  liquidation,  and  however  much  they  might  succeed  else- 
where, he  was  confident  they  would  never  pay  in  Brisbane. 

Me.  Hamilton  confirmed  the  Chaieman's  remarks,  and  said 
that  the  conditions  in  Brisbane  were  quite  unsuitable  for  heavy 
motor  'buses,  the  gradients  being  very  steep  indeed. 
The  report  was  adopted. 

The  result  of  the  working  of  the  Tramways  as  shown  by  the 
audited  accounts  of  the  original  Companv  for  the  year  ending 
the  31st  December,  1912,  was :— Total  receipts,  £254,838.  Total 
expenditure  (including  strike  and  arbitration  expenses), 
£162,305,  leaving  net  profit  for  year,  £92,533  plus  £2,595 
brought  forward.  There  is  a  balance  of  profit  available  of 
£95,128,  which  has  been  appropriated  by  the  Tramways  Com- 
pany in  the  following  manner: — In  payment  of  Dividends  on 
Shares  (free  of  tax),  £80,000;  in  placing  to  the  credit  of  a  Fund 
for  Renewals  (bringing  it  up  to  £100,000),  £10,000,  carrying 
forward  £5,128. 


Eastern  Telegraph  Co..  Ltd. 

Sib  John  Wolfe  Baeey,  K.C.B.,  presided  on  Wednesday  last 
week  at  the  meeting  of  this  Company,  held  at  Electra  House, 
Finsbury  Pavement,  E.C. 

The  Chaibman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report 
(Elec.  Rev.,  page  822),  said  that  the  gross  revenue  for  the  half- 
year  amounted  in  round  numbers  to  £753,300,  against,  for  the 
corresponding  period  of  1911,  £729,400,  or  an  increase  of 
£23,900.  The  revenue  for  the  period  under  review  was  the 
highest  ever  received  by  the  Company  in  any  one  half-year,  and 
it  was  gratifying  to  be  again  able  to  report  that  the  increase 
was  spread  over  every  branch  of  the  traffic,  with  the  exception 
of  South  America  and  Egypt.  The  former  was  less  owing  to 
the  reduction  by  about  one-third  in  the  rates  brought  into 
operation  by  the  Western  Telegraph  Co.  in  May  last  year,  and 
represented  their  share  of  the  loss  of  revenue  occasioned  by  the 
reduction  ;  but  he  trusted  that  this  would  be  gradually  recouped 
as  the  traffic  expanded  with  the  commercial  development  which 
was  now  taking  pleice  in  South  America.  The  traffic  with  Egypt 
was  not  quite  so  good  as  it  was  in  1911.  The  ordinary  working 
expenses  for  the  half-year  amounted  to  £273,200,  against 
£245,800,  or  an  increase  of  £27,900.  As  he  had  so  often  pointed 
out,  they  must  expect  a  constant  expansion  of  working  expenses 
in  view  of  the  ever-increasing  volume  of  traffic  which  had  to  be 
handled  by  the  staff,  and  which  necessitated  the  employment  of 
greater  numbers  and  consequent  increases  under  most  of  the 
heads  of  expenditure.  General  expenses  in  London  were  £1,900 
more  than  they  were  for  the  corresponding  period  of  1911,  while 
working  expenses  at  stations  showed  an  increase  of  £24,700. 
There  was  an  increase  of  £10,300  under  the  heading  of  salarie* 
and  wages,  due  to  a  considerable  augmentation  in  the  number 
of  the  staff,  to  annual  promotions,  and  to  improved  conditiona 
relating  to  Sunday  duty  and  overtime.  Maintenance  of  instru- 
ments showed  an  increase  of  some  £2,000,  which  was  due  to  the 
introduction  of  new  and  improved  instruments  for  the  better 
working  of  the  cables,  while  maintenance  of  landlines  was 
nearly  £4,000  more  than  for  the  corresponding  half-year,  due 
to  the  substitution  of  phosphor-bronze  for  iron  wire  over  a 
large  portion  of  their  landlines  in  Egypt.  Referring  to  the 
item  "expenses  attending  maintenance  of  cables,"  the  Cbaib- 
MAN  said  that  he  had  repeatedly  pointed  out  how  necessarily 


i 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,86:1,  May  :tO,  1913. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


'.)07 


variable  tiio  charge  U)  roveiiuo  in  reii|)u<:t  uf  line  acuount  muni 
be,  ilepeiidiiig   as   it  did   upon    the   number   aud   eiteot  of   Ibo 
cable    repairs,    and    the    amount    reccivwl    for    the   charter    of 
their    oablu-repniriug    stuiiiners    by    foreign    Uovernmenls    and 
other  telegraph  conipaiiiiB.     On  the  pruHcnt  oet'uaion  the  cliiirgo 
to  revenue  wiui  X'l.'i.OOO  more  lliun  for  the  corrcHponding  period 
uf  lull,  and  vvus  chiefly  due  to  an  expenditure  on  80  miieii  mora 
cable,  and  to  the  fuel  that  tho  amouuta  received  in  runpcct  of 
eharlors  and  otlier  credits  were  over  i,'20,000  less  Ihau  for  the 
half-year  ending  December,  lUll.  In  couse(|Ucnce,  tho  net  profit 
for   the   lialf-year   under  review   was   i'47,500   less   than   in   tiio 
corresponding  half-year  of  I'Jll  ;  but  he  was  pleased  to  be  able 
to  state  that  they  had  been  able  to  contribute  XIOO.OOO  to  tlio 
general   reserve  fund,   and  that,   notwithstanding  tho  increased 
expenses,  tho  amount  carried  to  this  fund  for  tho  complete  year 
of  11)12  was  XyO,()00  more  than  for  the  year  lUU.     lie  referred 
at  the  last  meeting  to  contemplated  expenditure  in  connection 
with  important  renewals  of  some  of  their  cables,   and  to  the 
etrengthening  of  their  cable  capacity  east  of  Suez  by  the  laying 
of  new   and   important  cables,   and   i.'C.'5,l()0  had   been   charg<><l 
against  general  reserve  fund  this  half-year  in  respect  of  that 
work,    wliich    it    was    estimated    would,    in    all,    cost    about 
jei,000,Oi)U.        Owing   to  the   expiry   of   the   original  concession 
granted   to  the  Black   Sea  Telegraph   Co.  by  the   Russian   and 
Turkish  (iovernments  in  respect  of  the  cable  from  Odessa  to 
Constantinople,  that  company  has  been  voluntarily  wound  up. 
The  shares  were  held  in  equal  projjortions  by  the  Eastern  and 
the  Indo-European  Telegraph  Companies,  atid  the  cable  then 
became  the  joint  property  of  those  companies,  to  whom  other 
concessions   to  work   the  cable   had   been   granted   by   the   two 
Governments  referred  to.     In  consequenco  of  the  continued  de- 
preciation of  the  reserve  fund  investments,  the  board  had  con- 
sidered it  advisable  to  make  a  further  provision  on  this  account 
by  transferring  an  additional  X25,000  from  the  general  reserve 
fund  to  the  special  fund  provided  for  the  purpose.     This  special 
fund  now  stood  at  X325,0()0,  which   represented  approximately 
the  difTorenee  between  cost  and  the  middle  price  according  to 
the  official  list  on  December  31  last.     To  replace  the  cable  ship 
"  Duplex,"  which  had  been  sold  out  of  the  cable-repairing  ser- 
vice, the  board  had  purchased  the  "Cambria"  from  tiie  Tele- 
graph Construction   and  Maintenance  Co.,   and  capital  expen- 
diture had  been  charged  with  iC35,505  on  account  of  its  cost. 
The  Chairman  then  referred  in  detail  to  the  new  Articles  of 
Association  w^hich  had  been  drawn  up,  the  principal  alterations 
in    which    were    provisions    for    discontinuing    the    half-yearly 
meeting  and  for  remunerating  sub-committees  of  the  directors. 
He  also  remarked  that  the  board  had  it  in  contemplation  to 
add  another  director  to  the  board,  which  would  mean  an  addi- 
tional £500  a  year  in  fees. 

Sir  J.  Dbnison  Pender,  K.C.M.G.,  seconded  the  motion, 
and  the  report  was  adopted  without  discussion. 


West  London  and  Provincial  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meetiner  was  held  at  1-1,  Ironmonger  Lane,  London' 
E.G.,  on  May  21st,  Mr.  Harry  Kahn  presiding-. 

The  Chaikaian  said  that  there  was  very  little  comment  to  make 
on  the  balance-sheet,  their  real  interest  lying-  in  the  successful 
working-  of  the  Chiswick  corporation.  The  profit  and  loss  account 
showed  an  increase  in  the  profits  carried  to  the  balance-sheet  of 
.•C6()8,  which  was  due  to  the  fact  of  the  Chiswick  corporation 
paying  a  6  per  cent,  dividend  this  year  on  its  shares,  instead  of 
5  per  cent.,  as  last  year,  and  also  to  a  slig-ht  increase  in  the  engi- 
neers' fees  received.  This  enabled  the  directors  to  propose  the 
payment  of  a  dividend  of  (!  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  cumulative 
preference  sh.ires,  and  the  payment  of  interest  at  the  rate  of  4^  rer 
cent,  per  annum  on  the  funding  certificates  for  the  year  1911.  The 
Chiswick  corporation  continued  to  make  steady  progress.  The 
number  of  consumers  had  increased  this  year  by  181,  and  the 
revenue  by  .*;l,98-t,  the  units  sold  being  10  per  cent,  over  the  units 
for  the  previous  year,  and  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  more  was  being 
contributed  this  year  to  depreciation — viz.,  £1,149,  against  £932 
last  year — and  that  the  repairs  account  and  price  of  coal  had  been 
higher,  it  was  satisfactory  to  note  that  the  corporation  had  been 
enabled  to  increase  the  rate  of  dividead  to  be  paid.  The  revenue 
of  the  corporation  during  the  first  quarter  of  1913  had  again  shown 
an  increase,  also  the  second  quarter  so  far  as  it  had  gone. 

Mb.  W.  B.  Esson  seconded  the  adoption  of  the  report,  and  it  was 
carried. 


Castner-Rellner  Alkali  Co.,  ltd. — This  company  on 

23rd  inst.  resolved  to  increase  its  capital  from  £450,000  to  £500,000 
by  the  creation  of  5u,000  new  shares  of  £  1  each,  which  will  be 
issued  at  2  premium.     There  will  be  no  public  issue. 

British  Electric  Traction  Co.,  Ltd. — It  is  stated  in 

the  financial  papers  that  the  directors  have  declared  the  dividend 
on  the  6  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  stock  and  a  dividend  at 
the  rate  of  3  per  cent,  on  the  7  per  cent,  non-cumulative  preference 
stock  for  the  year  ended  March  31st. 

Mirrlees,  Bickerton  &.  Day,  Ltd. — The  net  profit  for 

the  year  ended  March  31st  last,  after  providing  for  depreciation 
and  directors' fees,  is  £11,110,  making  (says  the  Finunrial  Xeics). 
with  £337  brought  forward,  an  available  total  of  £11,453.  Pre- 
ference interest  absorbs  £2,184,  and  the  directors  recommend  a 
dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  of  7i  per  cent,  for  the  year,  absorb- 
ing £7,104,  placing  £1,000  to  reserve,  and  carrying  forward 
£1,166. 


BirmlnKiiani  DiMtrict  Power  and  Traction  To.,  Ltd. 

TilK    dirnotorn'    rojKirt  for  thr;  year    ended    \>KOfMi\,ct    .11»t,    l'j\U, 
HtatfH,   ttocordin^    to  the   lunnmiul    Afun,  that   the  tot*I   rnveniM 
from  all  Hourceii  was  *l  ir.,(;yH,  compared  with  *I0'J,'.m;1  for  the  pre- 
ceding  year.     The  v.x\mi»v*  amounted  U>  *;r>.',,,',My,  c<>m|j»re«J  with 
£52. ^tlT)  for  191 1.      After    providinK    for   all    iiutnii   charifrable  to 
revenue,    includinif    rejiairH,    iiiaintcnancc,    Humii    paynblc   U>   \ixu\ 
authorities,  and  plocinK  £5,000  to  the  ronewaU  fund,  thcro  rwmaiiia 
£55,108,  plus  i;:ill  brought  forward,  mukinif   »;55,M'J.     From  thia 
has  to  be  deducted  for  intereHt  on   loann  t:7,.'/i'J,  in'^rext  on   deben- 
ture stock  KKi.OH I,  leaving  £:tl,H2i;,     A fter deducting  for  de»*ntare 
sinking  fund  iM,'.t29,  and  dividend  for  the  year  on  the  .'.i  per  cent, 
cumulative  preference sharcH  £ll,5:i«,  there  remaioH  £  l.".,:J5y,  which 
the  directors  recommend   should    be  apjilied  to  payment  of  •  divi- 
dend on  the  preferred  ordinary  Hhares  at  the  rote  of  :il  \m:t  o-nt.  for 
the  year  £12,250,  to  reserve  £3, 000,  leaving  to   \>k  carried   forward 
£109.     The  grofs  receipts  from   the  tramways  were   £5.'<,i;39,  com- 
pared with  £.50,515  in  I'.U  I.      The  gross  receipts  from  the  lightinif 
and  power  department  amounted  to   €29,4  75,  an  increase  of  £3,0<)6. 
The  dividends  received  from  investinentH  produced    £30,1HO,  com- 
pared  with    £2!i,80l    in    1911.      Expenditure  of  £:<,945  on  capital 
account    was    incurred    during    the     year    for    additional    plant, 
mains,  A:c.,  for  the  lighting  undertaking  in  Smethwick  ;   £4,843  for 
the  purchase  of  motor-omnibuses  for  hire  to   the  Birmingham  and 
Midland  Motor-Omnibus  Co.,  Ltd.,    and  £724  in    respect  of  parcels 
equipment,  extensions  at    West  Smethwick  depot,  A:c.      A  sum  of 
£11,798  was  received  during  the  year,  partly  in   respect  of  electric 
cars,  motor-cars,  ^r-.,  sold,  and  partly  in  respect  of  a  payment  by  the 
City  of  Birmingham  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.,  towards  the  capital  costof 
the  Tividale  workshops.     This  sum  has  been  placed  to  the  credit  of 
capital  account.      The  total   debenture    stock   nov    ontstandini;, 
including  a  further  amount  of    £46,453  iesued  during  the  year,  is 
£371,140.     In  the  last  report  particulars  were  given  of  the  offer  of 
the  Electrical  and  Industrial  Investment  Co.,  Ltd.,  to  exchange  the 
shares  held  by  the  company  in  the  City  of  Birmingham  Tramways 
Co.,  Ltd.,   for   shares  and  debenture  stock  of  the  Electrical  and 
Industrial  Investment  Co.,  Ltd.,  which  offer  had  been  accepted  by 
the  directors.      The   exchange  has  since  been  completed,  and  the 
company  now  holds  the  followicg  securities  in  the  Electrical  and 
Industrial  Investment  Co.,  Ltd.,  viz,  £17,275  51  per  cent,  second 
debenture  stock,  54,022  6  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  shares  of 
£1  each,  and  161,500  ordinary  shares  of  £1  each.      The  company 
has  increased  its  holding  of  debentures  in   the  Birmingham   and 
Midland  Motor  Omnibus  Co.,  Ltd.,  by  £6,800,  issued  for  the  purpose 
of  providing  motor-omnibases  of   a  modern  type   for  use  in  and 
around  Birmingham  ;  20  petrol-electric  motor-omnibuees  have  been 
purchased  by  the  Motor-Omnibus  Co.,  and  are  now  in  operation,  in 
addition  to  29  motor-c  mnibuses  hired  from  this  company.     The  loan 
to  the  South   Staffordshire  Tramways  (Lessee)  Co,,  Ltd.,  has  been 
paid  off,  the  company  having  accepted  £57,733  4  percent,  debenture 
stock  and  a  cash  payment  of  £7,150  in  discharge  thereof. 


Dntch-Ketlierlands  Telegraph  Co. 

The  report  for  1912  of  the  Deutsch-Niederlandische  Telegraphen 
Gesellschaft,  of  Cologne,  states  than  an  increase  in  the  traffic  with 
the  Far  East  took  place,  especially  with  the  Dutch  Indies.  The 
negotiations  in  regard  to  the  erection  of  wireless  stations  in  the 
South  Seas — Jap,  Nauru  (South  Sea  Islands),  Rabaul  (Xew  Guinea), 
and  Apria  (Samoa) — had  been  concluded  ai.d  the  company,  together 
with  the  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.  of  Berlin,  had  participated  in  the 
formation  of  the  German  South  Sea  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.  of 
Berlin  for  the  carrying  out  of  the  scheme.  Both  parties  had  pro- 
vided the  necessary  capital,  the  German  Netherlands  Co.  having 
taken  over  £32,500  in  shares  and  £20,000  in  loan  capital,  and  a 
dividend  of  6  per  cent,  on  the  shares  was  guaranteed  by  the  subsidy 
granted  by  the  German  Government.  The  company  would  le  able 
to  defray  out  of  current  funds  the  instalments  to  be  gradually  paid 
for  the  new  undertaking.  The  station  at  Jap  was  approaching 
completion,  and  that  at  Nauru  would  presumably  be  finished  in 
June,  whilst  the  work  in  Samoa  and  New  Guinea  was  already  in 
hand.  The  gross  profits  from  the  cable  traffic  amounted  to 
£104,000,  as  compared  with  £103,000  in  1911  ;  interest  yielded 
£4,450  as  against  £3,590,  and  the  sum  of  £10,800  is  brought  for- 
ward as  contrasted  with  £8,300  in  1911.  On  th#  other  hand,  the 
general  expenses  were  £22,100  as  against  £21,600,  the  cable  main- 
tenance fund  absorbed  £10,200  as  in  the  previous  year,  the  sum  of 
£8,750  has  been  placed  to  the  cable  renewal  fund  as  in  1911,  and 
£15,400  to  the  cable  redemption  fund  as  contrasted  with  £14.80i'. 
The  net  profits  are  returned  at  £42,000  as  against  £40,700  in  1911, 
and  a  dividend  of  Oj  per  cent,  is  proposed  on  the  share  capital  of 
£350,000,  being  the  same  rate  as  in  the  previous  12  months.  The 
loan  capital  stands  at  £282,000,  and  required  £ll,2u0  for  its  ser- 
vice as  compared  with  £11,800  in  1911, 


Stock  E.\cban[re  Notices. — Applications  have  been  made 
to  the  Committee  to  allow  the  following  securities  to  be  quoted  in 
the  Official  List  :— 

Consolidated  Diesel  Ergine  Mannfacturers,  Ltd.— Further  issue  of  4,413 
shares  of  £1  each,  fully  paid  (Noa.  .194,547  to  598,959);  and  100,000  Tendor*' 
shares  of  jEl  each,  fully  paid  (Nos.  427.077  to  527,076). 

River  Plate  Electricity  Co.,  Ltd.— Further  issue  of  je3O,0OO  ordinary  stock. 

London   and   Suburban   Traction  Co.,  Ltd.  —  The 

adjourned  meeting  of  preference  holders  to  sanction  the  increase  of 
capital  is  to  be  held  at  the  Holborn  Restaurant  on  June  -Ith. 


908 


THE    ELECTBICAL   REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,863,  MAT  30,  1913. 


Prospettnses.— i?-/-ffr(7f>??  Traction,  Light  and  Pou-t-r 
Co.,  Ltd. — Applications  have  been  invited  this  week  for  an  issue  of 
$10,000,000  6  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  sbares  at  par,  or 
£20  lis.  for  each  Si 00  share.  The  company  owns  over  9".t  per  cent, 
of  the  share  capital  of  the  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Sao  Paulo  com- 
panies, and  it  is  for  the  purpjses  of  these  concerns,  and  to  repay 
bank  loans  contracted  in  connection  with  same,  that  the  proceeds 
of  this  issue  are  required. 

City  of  Imh  Palmas  Water  and  Poirer  Co'  Ltd.— The  list  was  to 
close  on  Tuesday  in  an  offer  of  £237,000  5  per  cent,  first  mortgage 
debenture  stock  at  !i3  per  cent.  The  company  has  a  60year  con- 
cession for  electric  light  and  power  from  the  Las  Palmas  munici- 
pality. The  electric  liphtingr  of  Las  Palmas  has  been  worked 
Buccessfully  by  a  Belgian  company — the  Compagnie  Internationale 
d'Electrioite— with  whom  a  cantract  has  been  made  restricting 
electric  supply  competition. 

Freneli    Thomson  -  Houston    Co.— The   accounts  for 

1912  of  the  Conipasrnie  Francai-'e  Thomson-Houpton  show  that  in- 
vestments yielded  profits  of  £79,000,  and  technical  working  and 
subsidiary  receipts  profits  of  £217,000,  making  a  total  of  £29(i,0ii0. 
These  compare  with  £81.000,  £193,000  and  £2,740.000  respec- 
tively in  the  previous  year.  After  meeting  general  expanses  and 
depreciation,  the  accounts  indicate  net  profits  of  :tl72,0ii0,  as  con- 
trasted with  £  1.53,000  in  1911  ;  and  it  is  proposed  to  pay  a  dividend 
of  £1  83.  per  share  as  against  £1  .")3.  in  the  preceding  year.  The 
share  capital  amounts  to  £2,400,000 'and  the  loans  to  £1,120.000, 
whilst  a  further  i^sue  of  4  per  cent,  bonds  for  £600,000  has  just 
been  offered  for  subscription. 

Continental.— Switzerland. — A    new    company    has 

lately  been  formed  in  Geneva,  with  a  capital  of  £  80,000  and  the 
title  La  Socict6  de  I'Energie  Electrique  du  Valais. 

France.— La  Compagnie  Generale  de  Distribution  Electr^ue  a 
Paris  reports  a  net  profit  of  .-e 24,339  for  the  last  financial  year,  as 
compared  with  only  £17,9.i4  in  the  preceding  12  months.  It  is 
proposed  to  place  a  sum  of  £4,000  to  the  repairs  and  accidents 
account,  £17,880  to  depreciation  and  to  carry  forward.  The 
report  of  the  SociCtc  de  rEnergi°  Electrique  de  SudOuest,  of  Paris, 
shows  a  net  profit  of  £17,272,  as  against  only  1 7. fi83  in  the  pre- 
ceding year.  A  dividend  of  6  per  cent,  is  being  paid  on  the  pre- 
ference share.",  but  there  is  nothing  for  the  ordinary   shareholders. 

Belgium. — La  Sooiete  des  Accumnlateurs  Tudor,  of  Brussels, 
reports  a  profit  of  £10,044  for  the  last  financial  year. 

Cleveland  and  Harham  County  Electric  Power  Co. 

— After  deducting  debenture  interest,  the  accounts  for  1912  show 
an  available  sum,  including  £.528  brought  forward,  of  £18.443. 
The  directors  recommend  a  dividend  of  it  per  cent.,  carrying  for- 
ward £148. 

Bombay  Electric  Supply  and  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. 

— The  directors  recommend  a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares  at 
the  rate  of  .5  per  cent,  per  annum,  free  of  income-tax,  for  the 
year  ended  December,  1912. 

Lima  Liirht,  Power  and  Tramways  Co.— The  profit 

audioes  account  for  1912  shows  that  Ihe  total  profits  obtained 
amounted  to  £p.l7:,.l.)6,  and  that  the  net  profit  was  £p.98,890, 
■which  the  board  has  divided  as  follows: — To  reserve  and  redemption 
fund.  £p  25,994  :  to  shareholders,  4  per  cent,  £p..").3,996  ;  leaving  a 
balance  of  £  p.  18  900.  Out  of  this  the  board  proposes  to  pay  an 
additional  dividend  of  U  per  cent.,  in  respect  of  the  year  1912,  and 
to  carry  forward  £p.2,027. —  Tiwr.i. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tuesday  GvenlDg. 
It  can  hardly  be  paid  that  the  sudden  advent  of  summer  weather 
has  had  much  forcing  effect  upon  prices  in  the  Stock  Exchange. 
Certainly  a  few  of  the  Home  Railway  stocks  were  benefited,  but 
even  in  thfir  case  the  improvement  wa»  very  fleeting.  That  is  to 
say,  it  was  soon  succeeded  by  a  fresh  relapse  inU)  dullness.  P.Ufinf  s<>, 
indeed,  throughnut  the  House  is  slack.  A  d'.z?n  reason?  can  be 
supplied  to  account  for  thin,  Vut  all  the  causes  work  back  to  the 
original  root  of  new  issues,  the  enormous  quantity  of  which  simply 
swamps  the  markets  for  existing  pecnrities. 

So  far  aa  the  Underground  Railways  are  concerned,  the  brilliant 
weather  has  had  no  beneficial  effect  upon  their  quotations.  This  is 
not  surprising,  having  regard  to  the  probability  that  the  public 
will  choose  outside  methods  of  transport  rather  than  the  tubes 
driring  the  summer  time.  Metropolitans  are  1}  down  at  51},  and 
Districts  fell  to  MHJ.  The  Undergronnd  Electric  Railways  isfues 
are  flit,  there  having  been  come  apparently  forced  celling  of  the 
Ordinary  fhares.  whiih  depressed  the  price  to  4,  a  drop  of  .5s  .  while 
the  "A''  shares  at  lis.  3d.  middle  wcak^ntd  in  sympathy.  The 
6  per  cent.  Income  bond-"  are  a  point  down  ut  91  \. 

The  feature  in  the  Home  Traction  market  btm  been  a  series  of 
vivid  rises  in  Britirh  El-ctric  Traction  issues.  The  company  has 
declared  a  dividend  of  3  per  cent,  on  the  7  per  cent.  Non-Cumulative 
Prefprred  stock,  and  this  unexpected  announcdnent  served  to  put 
up  the  price  of  the  stock  7  J  points.  The  (i  per  cent.  Preferred 
rofe  2  :  the  Deferred  and  the  other  stocks  a  point  or  more  apiece. 
We  drew  attention  last  week  to  the  way  in  which  the  company's 


descriptions  were  hardening,  the  especial  feature  then  bein^  a  rise 
of  2i  in  the  7  per  cent.  Non-Cumulative  Preferred  stjck,  from 
which  it  was  inferred  that  the  buying  was  of  the  intelligent  order. 
London  United  Tramways  are  unchanged.  Hastings  4i  per  cent. 
Debenture  stock  has  risen  a  point. 

In  the  Electricity  .Supply  Department  the  falls  predominate. 
Citys  are  marked  10?.  lower.  St.  James'  Ordinary  and  Preference 
both  fell  J,  and  a  similar  fall  occurred  in  Kensingtons,  Brompton 
Preference  and  Westminsters.  However,  5s.  wos  gained  by  Chelseas 
and  1  by  Metropolitan  Preference  ;  while  South  London  5  per  cent. 
Debenture  stock  is  again  higher,  and  County  Second  Debenture 
stock  came  into  demand  at  par.  That  the  shares  in  this  market 
should  be  dull  is  not  f  urprising,  in  view  of  the  season  of  the  year  ; 
but  it  is  a  little  remarkable  in  that  a  very  large  investment  order 
was  executed  here  last  week,  the  purchase  money  running  into 
many  thousands  of  pounds,  and  the  investments  ranging  over  all 
classes  of  securities  comprised  in  this  market.  Midland  Electric 
4  J  per  cent.  Debenture  stock  rose  2,  although,  naturally,  the  market 
is  a  more  or  less  nominal  one,  seeing  that  the  stock  is  to  be  paid  off 
so  soon. 

A  rough  draft  of  the  prospectus  of  the  Wireless  Electric  Light 
Syndicate,  Ltd.,  came  under  our  notice  the  other  day.  The  share 
capital  was  stated  at  £75,000,  divided  into  70,000 '' A  "  Ordinary 
shares  of  £1  each  and  100,000  '"B"  shares  of  Is.  each,  of  which  it 
was  proposed  to  issue  part  of  each  class.  The  Syndicate  acquires 
rights  in  various  inventions,  one  of  which  is  the  Moore  Light 
System,  with  which,  no  doubt,  technical  readers  of  this  column  are 
well  acquainted. 

The  telegraph  market  is  depressed  as  regards  the  Eastern  group. 
Eastern  Ordinary  is  down  3  points.  Eastern  Extension  shares  fell 
i.  equivalent  to  33  in  stock,  but  the  Companies'  pre-Ordinary  issues 
are  steady.  According  to  the  reports  of  both  Companies,  just 
issued,  the  undertakings  occupy  a  strong  position  and  have  little  to 
fear  from  the  wireless  competition  which,  not  so  very  many  years 
ago,  w^as  going  to  extinguish  them— according  to  the  fears  of  the 
timid — altogether.  In  some  quarters,  it  is  pointed  out  that  invest- 
ments in  good  cable  companies'  shares  are  preferable,  from  the 
security  point  of  view,  to  those  in  the  shares  of  the  Marconi  Com- 
pany. Various  kinds  of  fantastic  estimates  are  current  with 
respect  to  what  the  forthcoming  Marconi  dividend  is  going  to  be. 
A  year  ago  it  was  20  per  cent. — 43.  per  share  ;  and  if  the  present 
price  of  the  shares  is  any  criterion,  the  distribution  this  time  ought 
to  be  at  any  rate  up  to  this  mark.  That  it  will  be,  is  considered 
highly  improbable,  however  ;  and  the  announcement  is  awaited 
with  keen  interest.  The  price  of  the  shares  at  the  end  of  last  week 
dipped  to  3/..  from  which  it  recovered  to  £4  ;  a  drop  of  i  remains 
on  balance,  while  the  Preference  at  3iJ  are  i  lower.  Americans 
declined  at  one  time  to  193.  Gd.,  Canadians  to  128.  9d.,  but  in  both 
of  these  cases  there  have  been  slight  rallies. 

The  Anglo-American  group  continues  dull  and,  as  regards  Direct 
United  States  Cable  shares,  depressed.  The  last-named  fell  to 
7s.  6d.,  and  the  three  stocks  in  the  Anglo  group  are  all  easier. 
West  India  and  Panamas  at  21  are  J  down,  and  Indo-EuropeaLS 
fell  10s.  to  57.  The  Telephone  market  is  quietly  steady,  with  no 
movement  calling  for  particular  comment.  United  River  Plate 
Telephones  at  6|f  are  the  turn  harder,  and  National  Telephone 
Deferred  stock  remains  in  the  neighbourhood  of  20J. 

Brazilian  Traction  Ordinary  shares  have  fallen  1  on  the  issue  of 
the  prospectus  of  6  per  cent.  Preferred  stock  at  par.  Sensibly 
enough,  it  was  arranged  in  the  market  that  there  should  be  no 
dealings  in  this  before  allotment  ;  and  as  the  rights  on  the  old 
stock  were  valued  at  nil,  it  may  be  said  that  the  new  Preferred 
starts  fair  and  square  on  its  own  ac30unt.  The  security  is 
generous ;  and  although  possibly  enough  the  underwriters  may 
get  left  with  a  certain  proportion,  there  ought  to  be  no  difficulty 
on  their  part  in  selling  it  when  the  investment  markets  take  a 
turn  for  the  better. 

Mexican  issues  are  still  dwindling,  fresh  declines  occurring  in 
Mexican  Light  and  Power  Common,  Preferred  and  bonds. 
Shawinigan  Water  is  also  a  dull  spot,  a  further  fall  of  a  point 
being  registered  on  the  top  of  that  of  2  last  week.  British 
Columbia  Electric  Railway  stocks  are  distinctly  weak,  the  falls  in 
this  group  ranging  from  J  to  3  points.  It  is  thought  that  the 
selling — or,  at  all  events,  part  of  it — proceeded  from  people  who 
have  been  obliged  to  sell  part  of  their  investment  stocks  in  order  to 
meet  their  obligation  incurred  through  underwriting  and  payment 
of  differences.  Mexico  Trams  fell  with  Mexican  Light  and  Power, 
and  the  dulness  extended  to  Rio  Tramway  bonds.  The  bright  spot 
in  this  market  is  the  5  per  cent,  issue  of  the  Electric  Light  and 
Power  Company  of  Cochabamha,  a  rise  of  2J  taking  the  price  to 
97  middle,  and  surprising  the  jobbers  themselves.  Calcutta  Electric 
Supply  are  better  at  C>1,  while  the  Trams  retain  their  rise  at  6. 

The  Manufacturing  group  keeps  very  stealy.  Telegraph  Con- 
structions went  back  lOs.  in  consequence  of  the  dulness  in  some  of 
the  cable  companies'  shares.  Castner-Kelliers  are  ^  off  at  3}.  not- 
withstanding the  interim  dividend  for  1913  at  the  rate  of  18  per 
cent.,  and  Babcooks  ea,sed  off  to  3.  On  the  other  hand,  British 
Aluminium  Ordinary  hardened,  and  British  Insulated  Preference 
are  i  better.  Briti.^h  Westinghouse  1  per  cent.  Debenture  stock  is 
a  shade  higher.  Rubber  shares  were  sadly  upset  by  the  disappoint- 
ing report  from  the  Linggi  Plantations  Company,  which  somewhat 
demoralised  the  whole  market.  The  price  of  the  raw  material, 
however,  keeps  fairly  steady,  and  the  discussion  is  revived  as  to 
whether  Brazil  will  be  able  to  compete  with  the  Middle  East  if  the 
price  of  the  product  falls,  say,  to  half-a-crown  per  lb.  Brazil  is 
making  strenuous  efforts  to  encourage  rubber  cultivation,  and  it 
would  be  interesting  if  those  who  urt.;  the  stuff  for  the  purposes  of 
electrical  manufacture  would  enlighten  the  public  on  the  point  as 
to  why  fine  hard  Para  should  be  specifically  stipulated  in  many  of 
the  contracts  for  which  tenders  are  invited. 


I 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,8r,:i,  May  :«),  l!M:t. 


TnK    FJiECTRTCAT.    JIMVIP'.W. 


'.m 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELEOTRIOAL     COMPANIES. 


ENQLI8H    ELECTBICITT    SUPFLT   AND   POWER   COMPANIKH. 


I 


Boarnemontb  &  Poola,  Old.    .. 

Do.    U%PrBl 

Do.    Beaond  6  %  Pret, 

Do.    4i  %  Deb.  Rlook  . . 
Brompton  a  KonslnKton,  Ord... 

Do,    T%Oum.  Prof 

Oenlrkl  Eleotrlo  Bopply,  i  %\ 

Gu»r.  Deb.  I 

Obkrbig  OroBB,  West  End  A  Olty 

Do.    41  %  Com.  Pret 

Do.     •'^Olly     Undertsklng  "  1 
4i  %  0am.  Pref,  / 

Do.  Do.  4%  Dob 

OhelBea,  Ord 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Olty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Onm.  Pret 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.  4i  %  Beoond  Deb, 
Ooonty  o(  London,  Ord 

Do,    8%  Pref 

Do.    4}%  Deb 

Do.    4}  %  Second  Deb, 
Bdroondson's,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Onm.  Pref 

Do,    6%  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    4i  %  Plrst  Mort.  Deb,  . . 
Folkestone 

Do,    6%  Onm,  Pref 

Do,    4t%  First  Deb 

BoTe 


10 
10 
10 
Btock 
S 
S 
100 


100 

6 

Stock 

10 

10 

Btook 

100 

10 

10 

Stock 

Stock 


DiTldsnds 
tor 


Oloslng 
Qaolktions 
May  37th, 


9i-  lOJ 
BJ-  9* 
10  —  lOj 
86  —  98 
8J-  9il 
8i-    8J 


4}-     ii 

<,■;,-  *h 

BJ-  H 
9U-  984 

*3-   H 

96  -  99 
154-  " 
12  -  18 
116  -120 
100  —102 
lOJ—  11 

m-  124 

104  -106 
9H  —101 

lis-    2.^, 

t'S  —  efi 

44—  6 
44-  6 
90-92 
7i-    7i 


Rise 

+  or 
Fall 


Present 
Yield 
P.O. 


*  s.  d. 

s  m  fi 
4  14  u 
s  14  a 
4 11  10 

E  6  8 
4     0    0 


C    5    8 
4  16    0 


4  10  11 
6  5  11 
4  10    7 


4    9     1 
Nil 


.■5  4     8 

6  0    0 

5  0    0 
4  17  10 

6  16    a 


NAm. 


Kensington  A  Knigbtsbrtdge,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  Bleo.  Power,  44  %  Deb,  .. 
London  Klootrlo,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,  4  %  First  Mort.  Deb,  .. 
Metropolitan  

Do.    41  %  Onm.  Pref 

Do,    4i  %  First  Mort.  Deb, . . 

Do,    84%  Mort.  Deb 

Midland   Eleolrlc  Oorporatlon  ) 

44  %  (Mrst  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Nortb  Metropolitan  Power  Bnp- ) 

ply,  e  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  / 

Netting    Hfil,   B  %  NonOnm.  1 

Pref.; 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Pall  Uall,  Ord, 

Do,    7%  Pref 

Do,    84%  Deb 

Boath  London,  Ord 

Do.  5  %  Plrst  Mort.  Deb.  . . 
Sontb  MetropoUtan,  7  %  Pref.. . 

Do.  44  %  First  Deb.  Btook  . . 
Crban,  Ord 

Do.    5%  Onm.  Pref 

Do.  44  %  First  Mort.  Deb. . . 
Westminster,  Ord,         ..        ., 

Do,    44%Oam, Pref... 


B 

Btook 

Btook 

8 

6 

Btock 


Btook 
Stock 


100 
1 

100 

£8 
E 

100 
E 
5 


DiTldnnd* 

for 

1911. 

iBia. 

8 

81 

4 

4 

^ 

44 

6 

6 

4 

4 

4 

4) 
44 
4 

8| 

4 

4 

E 

E 

8 

6 

TJ 

8) 

10 

10) 

T 

T 

B4 

84 

E 

6 

E 

6 

T 

T 

N^ 

4 

2 

I 

*fl 

*i 

10 

10 

^ 

4 

Closing 
Qootatlona 
May  27lb. 


7t-  7f 
90-08 
78-80 

91-04 

98  —101 
81-84 


98  —101 
9}—  10} 

68-    7i 
84  —  87 

n-  8i 

9^4-1014 

H'^  '>"" 
96  —  9y 

81  —    H7 
8i-    85 

6  —  ej 


•for    TtaM 


-i 


+  i 

-i 

+  2 


+  4 


+  1 
-i 


COLONUL   A5D   FOBEION   ELECTBICITT   8UFPLT  AIW   POWEB. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pref 

OalCDtta,  Ord 

Do.    5%  Pref 

Oalgary  Power,  Ist  Mort,  Bds. 
Canadian  Qen.  El,  Com, 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Oordoba  Lt.,  Power  and T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Bleo.  Lt.  and  P.  of  Cochabamba,  \ 

1  %  Bonds ) 

Bleo,  Bnpply  Victoria,  6  %  Ist ) 

Mort.  Deb.  J 

Bleo.  DeT.  Ontario,  6   %   let) 

Mort.  Bonds ) 

Ealgoorlle  Bleo.  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Kaministiqala  Power,  E%  Q,  Bs, 

Madras,  Ord 

Melbourne,  5  %  1st  Mort.  Deb, 
Mexican  El.  Lt.,  5%  Ist  M.  Bds, 
Mexican  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do,    7%  Cum,  Pref 

Do,    E  %  Ist  Mori,  Sold  Bds. 


s 

8 

6 

E 

84 

8^ 

6 

6 

6 

100 

5 

E 

8100 

7 

7 

$100 

7 

7 

1 

H 

too 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

E 

S 

8500 

B 

6 

10/- 

Nil 

I 

6 

«■ 

8500 

E 

E 

5 

Nil 

100 

E 

B 

E 

E 

8100 

4 

n 

$100 

T 

1 

E 

B 

5  —    Bi 

65-  n 

93i-  954 
116  —119 
119  —124 

9f—  96 


90  —  93 

94  —  86 


ICb  —10^ 
11—    li 

103  —106 
80-83 
73  -  76 
98  —102 
90  —  92 


E  14    8 

+  4 

6  19    4 

4  17    7 

6    6     8 

5  17    8 

6  13    0 

6  14     3 

5    4    2 

+  24 

6    2    5 

5    7    6 

-J 

5    4    2 

—15 

NU 

8    6    8 

4  18    0 

4  14    4 

5  19     1 

—1 

5    5    3 

-U 

6  17    S 

-1 

5    8    8 

Monterey  Bly,  Light  &  Power, ) 

6  %  iBt  Mort.  Deb,  I 

Montreal.  Lt.,  H.  and  Power  ,. 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal, ) 

5  %  let  Mort.  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do,    6  %  Non-Ctmi.  Pref,      . . 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock   . . 

Boy,  Bleo,  Co,,  Montreal,  44  %  ) 

let  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Shawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    5  %  Con.  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do,    44%  Per,  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb, 
Vera  Cros  Lt.,  P.  and  T„  B  % ) 
let  Mort.  Deb,  / 
Victoria  Palls  Power,  Pref, 
West  Kootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 
let  Mort.  6  %  Gold  / 


100 

6 

B 

8100 

8 

9+ 

8600 

6 

5a 

Btook 

10 

10 

Do, 

« 

6 

Do, 

B 

6 

100 

4 

a 

8100 

E 

6 

8500 

E 

E 

Stock 
Do, 

n 

n 

100 

E 

B 

1 

Hid. 

17!d. 

100 

6 

6 

80  —  83 

229  —284 

16  —  25 

207  —217  xd 
102  —107  xd 
100  —102 

100  —103 
135  — 1.39 
107  — lOS 
100  —102    xd 
99  —101 

91  —  94 

ii-     a 

106  -108 


TELEOBAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


AmaiOD  Telegraph 

Do.    S%^Deb.  Red 

American  Telep,  ft  Teleg.,  Cap, 

Do,    CoUat.  Trnst 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    Det 

Anglo  ■  Portngnese   Tel.,  B  % ) 
Mort.  Deb.  / 

Ohill  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Btlg.  4%  Deb. 
Onba  Telegraph 

Do.    10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord, 

Do,    10  %  Cum,  Pref 

Direct  Dnlted  States  Cable 
Dlreot  W,  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg,  Deb,  j 
Bastem  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do.    84%  Pref,  Stock,. 

Do,    4%  Mori,  Deb 

Bastem  Extension 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  B.   Africa  Tel,  4  %l 
Mt.  Db.  MaoritiQS  Bnb./ 
Blobe  Telegraph  and  Trnst 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Qreat  Northern  Telegraph       .. 
Indo-Bnropean  Telegraph 
Maokay  Companies  Oommon  . . 

Do,    4%  Onm,  Pret 

Uaroonl'B  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    1.%  Com,  Fartio,  Pref, 


10 

4 

*¥ 

stock 

B 

B 

8100 

8 

Bt 

$1000 

4 

4 

Stock 

U 

U 

Do, 

B 

6 

Do. 

80/- 

30/- 

100 

B 

E 

B 

7 

R 

Stock 

4 

4 

10 

K 

-   H 

10 

10 

10 

E 

4 

4+ 

6 

10 

10 

10 

5 

4 

100 

4 

4 

Btook 

7 

7t 

Do. 

B4 

B4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7 

Btook 

t 

4 

IE 

« 

4 

10 

6 

6t 

10 

8 

8 

10 

18 

20 

as 

IH 

13 

100 

6 

5 

$100 

4 

4 

1 

20 

1 

17 

6i-  7i 
97-99 
132  -134 

92  —  94 
63  -  65 

109J— llOJ 
234—  24 
104  —106 

m-    11% 
84>s—  6G| 
8i—    9ixa 
154-  164  xd 

53-    6i 

99  —101 

U-2  —135 
77  -  79 
90  —  92 
121—  134 

93  —  96 
984-1004xa 

114-  113 

124—  13 

8O4-  324 

E6  —  68 

83  —  86 

69  —  72 
Si-  4 
Bi-  84 


6    2    0 

5    1    0 

+1 

5  19    5 

4    5    1 

—  1 

4  12     i 

-  4 

B    8  10 

-4 

6    5    0 

+1 

4  16    3 

B    1     1 

-* 

4  12    6 

6    6    4 

6  17    8 

5    6    8 

6  18    0 

-i 

6    8    0 

4    9    0 

-3 

6    3    8 

4    8    1 

4    7    0 

-  R 

5    5    8 

4    2    6 

8  11    7 

+  i 

6    3    3 

4  12     4 

6    8    1 

—  4 

5  12    1 

6  16    8 

6  11     1 

-  \ 

6    0    0 

-I 

4  17    2 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord, 

Do,    5%  Pref 

New  York  Telep.,  44%  Gen.  Bnds. 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Elec, 

Do,    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4%  Red.  Deb 

Paoiao  and  European  Tel,,  4  % ) 

Qnar.  Debs.  J 

Renter's       

Do.    New  Shares 
Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  %  1 
Deb.  Red.  J 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do,    5  %  Cum,  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do,     4  %  Debs.,  1  to     ,500) 

guar,  by  Bras.  Sub.  Tel,  J 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg, 

Do,    8  %  Cum.  iBt  E'ref. 

Do,    6  %  Cum.  and  Pref, 

Do,    B%Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg,  Bonds 


1 

6 

6t 

1 

E 

B 

100 

44 

4 

1 

R 

10 

1 

6 

8 

Btsok 

4 

i 

Do, 

4 

4 

10 

10 

lot 

10 

Cert, 

6 

6 

Stock 

*i 

4 

E 

8 

8t 

E 

6 

34 

ii4 

100 

10 

U 

li 

10 

10 

100 

10 

7t 

Stock 

81000 

4 

4 

1  —   li 

1 

97  -  98 

1  —     li  xc 

1,  -    1   xi 

88-90 

98  -100 

11  —  114 

••     1 

lOH-  uA 

124  -127 

964-984 

%^lt 

+  A 

U-   14 

■■    1 

96-99 

1 

23-    8    xd 

-4! 

9?  -  lOi  xd 
9t-    9ixd 

••    1 

101  —103 

ISi—  182 

94-96 

-1 

93-98 

—3 

—  4      4    3    4 


^Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  foil;  paid,       -  a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants. 


f  Interim  Dividend. 


t  88,  in  Fonded  Dividend  Certt. 


CONTINUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


910 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.         [Voi  n.  No.  1,86;^,  may  ho,  1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OF   ELSOTRIOAL    COMPANIES.— (ri'^/j^^^^f.) 

ELECTSIC  BAILWAT8   AND   TBAMWAI8.— HOME. 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Bath  Tnms,  Prel.  Ord 

Do.    6%Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Brit.  Eleo.  Trao.,  6  %  Prat,     . . 

Do.        Do.  Deferred 

Do.  6%Cam.Pr'J 

7"„  Non-Cam.  Pi'f. 

5%Perp.  Deb.      .. 

4^  <<„  2nd  Deb. 

Csnlnl  London  Rallwsj,  Ord. 

Do,    Pref.  

Do.    Del 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Ciry  A  8.  London,  6  %  Prel.,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1896    .. 

Do,         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1908    .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Great  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Eastings  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4*  %  Deb 

Ble  of  Thanet  Trams,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Lanoaebire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Elec.  Railw'yB,4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trami,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 


DlTldendB 
for 


1 
1 

100 
100 
100 
100 

too 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 
100 
10 
100 


Closing 
Qaotations 
May  27th. 


72  —  77 
10  —  13 

B  —  7 
85  —  88 
42  —  45 
89-93 
74  -  78 
82-84 
84  —  86 
80  —  82 
99  —101 
100  —102 
100  —102 
99  -102 
97  —100 
92  —  94 

21-     2i 

A-  « 
r.^  -  73 

34-   ai 

76  —  80 
73-80 
94  —  96 
4i-  B 
02  —  66 


BUe 

Preienl 

+  or 

Yield 

Fall 

P.O. 

— 

t:  a. 

NU 

6    8    1 

6  17    0 

42 

41 

41 

6  16    4 

47^ 

6  13    4 

41 

6    7    6 

41 

e  15    6 

:4  15    8 

,, 

:4  13    0 

;«  17   7 

3  19    3 

4  18    0 

4  18    0 

4  18    0 

5    0    0 

4    6     1 

Nil 

7    7    8 

41 

6    8    3 

4  16    3 

6    0    0 

6    6    0 

4    8    4 

6    1    3 

Do. 
Do. 


Metropolitan  Ballwar  Ooniol. .. 

Do.    SnrplnB  Lands    . . 

Do,    BA%Deb 

Do,    8}%  Pref 

Do.    8}%  Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  District  Ord,      .. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

4»  %  First  Pref 

84%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Booth  Metro,  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground     Eleo.    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cum.  Inc.  Deb, 

Do.    4^%  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Biding),  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    41  %  Deb 


^  m"*   DlWdends 
Oh...         «or 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 
100 

1 
1 

100 

1 

100 
10 

1/- 

100 
100 


Oloalng 

Blse 

Quotations 

4  or 

May  •27th. 

Fall 

61  —  611 

-^ 

62  —  64 

86  —  87 

83  -  85 

81  -  83 

38i-  88J 

—  I 

139  -m 

94-96 

97  —  99 

86  -87 

75-77 

W-W 

87  -  91 

91i -  94i 

r-  d' 

82  -  85  xd 

\k-   H 

65  -  70 

85-     4| 

-J 

—A 

110  -112 

97-99 

91  -  92 

1 

i-      J 

88-   H 

82-86 

41 

ELECTBICAL  RAILWAYS  AND  TBAMWAT8.— COLONIAL  AND  FOBEION. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  iBt  Pref,     .. 

Do.    Ind  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do,    4i%Deb 

Do,    B%Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb, 
Bombay  Elec.  8.  A  Trams,  Pref, 

Do,    4i  %  Deb 

Do.    6%  2nd  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  ) 

Power  j 

Brisbane  Trams  InTt,,  Ord,     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    41  %  Deb 

B,  Colombia  Elec,  Bly.,  Det,    .. 

Do,    Pref.  Ord 

Do,    6  %  Pref 

Do,    41  %  Ist  Mort,  Deb.      .. 

Do.    4i  %  Vancouver  Deb.    .. 

Do.    4i%Con.  Deb 

Calootta  Trams,  Ord,      ,. 

Do.     B%Prel 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

City  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr.  4  Lt.,  6  %  Deb. 
Bavana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
KalgoorlJe  Elec.  Trams  .. 

Do.    6  %  A  Deb, 

Do,    6%BDeb.  .. 


6 
6 

^ 

% 

100 

4 

4 

100 

4i 

4 

100 

6 

6 

lOO 

6 

R 

10 

6 

R 

100 

4 

4* 

100 

6 

E 

$100 

6t 

e 

B 

8t 

6 

5 

B 

100 

M 

M 

100 

8 

HI 

100 

6 

A 

100 

5 

E 

40 
100 

4 

* 
4 

100 

4 

4 

6 

7 

B 

e 

6 

E 

100 

1 

^ 

4i 

E 

6 

6f 

100 

4 

4 

100 

K 

K 

tiooo 

S 

E 

1 

Nil 

100 

K 

B 

100 

6 

8 

m-  ^. 

5    8    7 

4ft-  411 

B  14    3 

9li-  93i 

41 

4    5    7 

98  -100 

-h 

4  10    0 

98  -100 

4  19    0 

101  —103 

4  17    1 

lOi-  114 

6    4     4 

96-98 

4  11  10 

97  —  99 

6    1     0 

95J-974 

-1 

6    3    1 

n\ 

6    6    0 
4  16    8 

99  -102 

—  1 

4    8    8 

128  -132 

-2 

6     1    3 

110  -114 

—3 

6    5    3 

iO'i  -105 

-1 

4  16    3 

100  -103 

4    7    B 

100  -102 

4    8    3 

94  -  96 

-  i\ 

4    8    7 

5f-    6J 

B  12    0 

Si^K^ 

4  17    7 

4    9    7 

6t*z  b;L 

4  ii    0 

93-97 

4    2    6 

904-  944 

E    5  10 

97  -101 

4  19    0 

8^88* 

Nil 
B  13    8 

28  —  35 

La  Plata  Eleo.  Trms,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Ord, 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  .. 
ManaoB  Trams  &  Lt,,  1st  Deb, . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.  and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Qen.  Con.  6  %  Bonds    .. 

Do.    6%  Bonds 

Para  Eleo.  Rlys.  4  Lt.,  Ord.     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W.A.)  Eleo.  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  1st,  Deb 

Rangoon  El,  Tr.  4  8up.,  Pref, . . 

Do,    44%  1st  Deb 

Rio de  Janeiro  Trams,  IstMort, ) 
B  %  Bonds  J 

Do,    B%Mort.  Bonds 
8ao  Paulo  Tram,   Lt.  and  P,  I 
6  %  iBt  Deb,  J 
81ngapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
8outhern  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  6  %  Deb, 
Un,  Elec.  Trams  Monte  video  . . 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    B%  1st  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo,  Bly„  44  %  Deb, 


1 

Nil 

..1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

4^d. 

1 

6 

A 

100 

E 

E 

100 

6 

E 

100 

6 

E 

91000 

E 

E 

»100 

T 

7t 

A 

f> 

100 

6 

6 

6 

10 

10 

6 

A 

A 

100 

6 

6 

1 

B 

64 

100 

S 

E 

6 

6 

A 

100 

44 

44 

6 

6 

100 

E 

6 

(500 

E 

E 

100 

E 

R 

100 

E 

E 

E 

7 

fit 

E 

« 

6 

100 

E 

E 

100 

44 

44 

l)-iA^d 
i/,-  iHxd 

1  —    ii 

92  -  97 

103  —106 

90  —  93 

97  —100 

103  -105 

—3 

904-  924 

zt 

96-99 

6i-    7| 

4i-    61 

98  -100  xd 

105  -loi 

Bi-    BJ 

97-99 

1004-1034 

-14 

94  —  96 

-3 

101 J -1034 

834  -  674 

96  —  98 

6-     5? 

4i-    6i 

964  -  984 

99  — loa 

MANUFACTUBINe  COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Babcook  4  WUoox 

Do.    Pref 

British  Aluminium,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Dob.  Btk 

B.I.  4  Belsby  Cables 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

British  Thomson-Houston,  Deb. 
British  Westingbouse,  Pref.    . . 

Do,     Deb 

Do,    6%  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do.     Pref.  

Brush,  7%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     .. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.     44  %  Second  Deb. 
Ca'lender's  Cable 

Do.     Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Oastner-Kellner 

Do.    Deb 


1 

A 

I 

A 

A 

1 

28 

16 

1 

6 

6 

1 

Nil 

1 

Nil 

6 

100 

E 

E 

100 

6 

B 

6 

10 

10 

E 

6 

6 

100 

100 

8 

•1 

1 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

8 

1 

,, 

1 

s 

Nil 

Nil 

100 

6 

B 

100 
100 

St 

n 

E 

IE 

IB 

E 

E 

B 

100 

44 

44 

1 

SO 

20 

100 

41 

44 

2fi=  i 

U-    1 


93  —  96 
83  —  86 
74—  8 
BJ-    6g 

102  —104 
97-99 

4-  ? 
65  —  68 
98  —101 

a/--8/- 

4/6 -B/- 
0-  i 
73  —  78 
88-48 
25  —  2J 
11  —  111 
4J-  BJ 
98  —101 
3|*-     3},1 

103  —106 


8    0    0 

7    2    2 

-A 

6    4    6 

4     7    3 

4+, 

5  17    2 

B    4    2 

-1 

6  k;   8 

6    5    0 

4  i 

4  14     1 

4    6    7 

4  11     0 

Nil 

4  4 

5  17    8 

B  18  10 

Nil 

NU 

NU 

6    8    2 

10    9    4 

16  18    4 

6    7    8 

4  17    7 

4    9     1 

-A 

6    6    4 

4     4  11 

Crompton  4  Oo 

Do.    Deb 

Dick,  Kerr 

Do,    Pref, 
Edison  4  8wan,  A,  Mt  paid 

Do,    fully  paid  .. 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Do,    6  %  Second  Deb. 
Electrlo  Construction    .. 

Do.    Pref 

Qreenwood  4  Batley,  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

General  Eleotrlo,  0%,  Prel. 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do,    Pref 

Do,    Deb 

Indla-Rnbber,  Q,  4  T,     . . 

Do,    Pref 

Telegraph  Construction.. 

Do,    Deb 

WUlans  4  Boblnion 

Do,    Pref 

Do,    Deb 


8 

Nil 

100 

6 

E 

1 

E 

Nil 

1 

A 

A 

E 

Nil 

E 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

100 

B 

E 

a 

34 

BJ 

a 

T 

7 

10 

7 

7 

100 

E 

G 

10 

E 

fi 

100 

4 

4 

6 

16 

15 

E 
100 

tt 

It 

10 

74 

10 

E 

6 

la 

174 

20 

100 

4 

4 

1 

Nil 

E 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

ir- 


u-  ir 

60  —  64 
70  —  73 
lA-  lA 
Ijt—  2 
74—  B 
92  —  94 

10  —  lOJ 
88-93 
12i-  13 

4}-  E 
101  —108 

11  —  12 
0—10 

354-  874 
96  —  99 

fz  t 

67  -  69 


CnieiR  otherwiae  iteted,  all  iharcs  are  taUj  paid.       {  Interim  dlridend.       t  Dividend  ol  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Electric  Rallnays. 


Bank  rata  of  DItoount  44  par  oant..  April  17th.  1918. 


Vol.72.    No.  l,8R;t,  May  do,  I91!l.l 


TIIK    KLK(THI(;AL    IlKVIKW 


1)11 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Eloctricltr  in  Textile  MilU. 

TiiK  moBt  important  subject  which  iB  now  onKnpririK  the  attention 
of  the  TlcxTll.H  iN.HTiTiTTlo  IH  that  of  textile  mill-drivintr,  and  a 
very  keon  and  intereHtintc  discuHHion  in  procccdinir  upon  the  advnn- 
to^reH  and  diHadvantatfCH  of  variouH  prime  inoverH  and  nieonH  of 
transininHion.  The  question  waw  opened  at  the  hiHt  Autunmal 
Congress  of  the  Inntitute  which  was  held  at  Ilawiik,  and  in  Sep- 
tember hist  a  full  report  of  the  diK(;uHHion,  in  ho  far  tin  it  riilutcd  to 
electrical  power,  appeared  in  our  colunmH.  It  may  bo  rcmomliered 
that  owind  to  lack  of  time,  the  diH(!UH8ion  could  not  be  concluded 
in  the  ordinary  way,  and  the  authorH  of  the  paperH  upon  Bteam, 
tras,  oil  and  electricity  were  unable  to  reply  to  the  many  intereHting 
points  raised.  The  matter  was  therefore  left  open  for  further  dis- 
cussion, and  the  considered  views  of  several  members,  together  with 
the  replies  of  the  authors  of  the  papers,  were  recently  published  by 
the  Institute. 

Mr.  a.  N.  Ryk  (Guernsey)  who  was  formerly  manager  of  the 
Electric  Lighting  Co.  at  Hawick,  and  carried  out  the  trreater  part 
of  the  electrical  driving-  of  textile  machinery  in  that  district, 
declared  that  the  whole  question  of  power  production  was  dillicult 
and  complicated,  and,  provided  power  could  be  purchased  from  an 
electric  supply  company  at  a  reasonable  price,  it  seemed  advisable 
to  leave  the  power  production  to  those  companies  which  specialised 
on  the  subject.  A  large  power  company  was  obviously  in  a  better  posi- 
tion to  adopt  up-to-date  plant  than  the  millowner,  and  the  purchaser 
reaped  the  benefit  of  improvements  in  a  reduced  power  cost  with- 
out taking  risks  himself.  Mr.  Rye  offered  very  pointed  criticism 
upon  the  papers  dealing  with  steam  and  gas  power,  and  stated  that, 
in  his  particular  district,  he  was  getting  most  satisfactory  results 
with  Diesel  engines. 

Mn.  T.  Roland  Wollaston  (Manchester),  who  contributed  a 
paper  on  gas,  said  that  some  members  seemed  to  have  drawn  the 
conclusion  that  he  particularly  favoured  electrical  transmission  lie 
pointed  out  that  he  had  not  had  sufficient  experience  of  recent  elec- 
trical transmission  installations  to  have  strong  views  for  or  against 
them,  and,  with  many  others,  merely  accepted  the  proposition  that 
they  must  have  merits  which  accounted  for  their  steady  progress. 
Mechanical  transmission  for  textile  mills  was  by  no  means  dead  yet. 
The  claims  of  the  electrical  drive,  as  regarded  regular  turning, 
quick  starting  and  stopping  and  power  absorption  only  when 
running,  appeared  to  be  real  and  important.  But  the  most 
important  claim  still  seemed  to  be  the  elimination  of  shafting  load, 
which,  as  they  knew,  was  often  excessive.  Rapid  strides  had 
recently  been  made  in  developing  the  application  of  ball  and  roller 
bearings  to  line  shafting,  and  several  firms  were  now  selling  bear- 
ings at  comparatively  low  prices,  which  reduced  line-shaft  friction 
to  a  small  fraction  of  the  normal  figure  :  two  Manchester 
gentlemen.  Prof.  Nicolson  and  Mr.  G.  F.  Buck,  were  believed  to  be 
engaged  on  important  research  work  which  might  materially 
influence  future  procedure  in  mill  power  transmission. 

Mr.  H.  T.  Hildage  (Manchester)  observed  that  the  analysis  of  the 
claims  made  by  the  advocates  of  the  various  types  of  prime  movers, 
and  the  respective  value  of  these  from  the  point  of  view  of  relia- 
bility, uniformity  of  speed  and  economy,  wps  a  task  of  considerable 
magnitude  and  difficulty,  and,  when  it  was  completed,  he  thought 
that  textile  manufacturers  would  have  a  valuable  guide  to  the 
solution  of  power  problems.  The  solution  of  these  problems  in 
the  past  had  been  undertaken  in  too  haphazard  a  manner.  A 
textile  manufacturer  had  called  in  two  or  three  firms  of  engine 
builders  and  electrical  engineers,  and  asked  them  to  advise  him  as 
to  the  best  way  of  fulfilling  his  requirements.  They  had  looked  at 
the  matter  rather  from  their  own  point  of  view  than  from  his,  and 
when  he  had  received  all  their  schemes  he  had  the  difficult  task 
of  comparing  them,  analysing  them,  and  selecting  the  most  suit- 
able. The  manufacturer  would  always  be  well  advised  to  have  an 
independent  engineer  to  look  at  the  matter  from  his  own  point  of 
viesv.  Mr.  Hildage  said  that  in  estimating  the  value  of  a  new 
machine,  or  new  plant,  an  American  did  not  ask  himself  how  long 
it  would  be  before  it  was  completely  worn  out,  but  how  long  it 
would  be  before  it  would  have  to  be  superseded  by  something 
more  economical  and  better  suited  for  the  demands  of  his  work. 
English  manufacturers,  he  suggested,  should  have  in  mind,  when 
putting  down  new  plants,  the  state  of  the  industry  of  manufacturing 
those  plants. 

Mr.  W.  Browning  (Manchester),  who  dealt  with  the  paper  of 
Mr.  J.  F.  Crowley  upon  electrical  power,  said  the  source  of  supply 
and  the  nature  of  the  prime  mover  was  the  concern  of  the  elec- 
trical engineer  only  in  so  far  that  it  gave  him  a  cheap  reliable 
power  of  constant  periodicity  or  steady  voltage,  the  greatest  quality 
being  reliability.  On  the  question  of  transmission,  electrical  irrxux 
mechanical,  it  fell  to  the  engineer,  being  the  newcomer,  to  show 
justification  for  any  change,  and,  in  agreement  with  IMr.  Crowley, 
he  would  say  that  the  deciding  factor  was  not  necessarily  the  cost 
of  power.  It  was  difficult  to  schedule  the  whole  of  the  reasons  why 
it  was  worth  while  to  install,  in  certain  cases,  electrical  transmis- 
sion, and  he  expressed  the  opinion  that  a  great  deal  of  harm  had 
been  done  to  this  subject  by  "the  indiscriminate  application  of  elec- 
trical driving,  for  he  had  not  yet  seen  any  reason  to  believe  that  it 
was  worth  while  to  put  a  generator  and  motors  on  opposite  sides 
of  one  wall.  He  was  convinced  that  there  was  a  large  field  for 
electric  driving,  and  the  increasing  number  of  machines  electrically 
driven,  and  the  decisions  in  favour  of  extensions  of  existing  plant  ' 
led  to  this  conclusion.  There  was  yet  a  great  deal  to  be  investi- 
gated concerning  the  effects  of  a  steadier  speed  on  spinaing  and 
preparation  machinery,  and  he  regretted  that  tests  he  was  carrying 


out  for  a  paper  which  Ui:  iiiti-ndi'd  to  rffwl  Ix'forfi  Ihi:  Iimtitution 
of  Electriiiul  Kngiii<«rH  weri!  not  MUfllcrii-ntly  k<lvunc<:d  tij  (five.  »t 
thJH  Hlage,  Homti  inillcntion  of  the  rcHultN  in  jMnnt  of  (irodiiction  mul 
quality. 

Mic.  W.  O.  Pki'I-ku  (Bradford),  who  joinnd  in  the  dljicuiwion  u  a 
oonHultant  in  electrical  an<l  mc<;hanical  drivini;  in  milU,  remarked 
that  tho  10  convurwiiit  with  the  upi<licatioii  of  roo<l(;rn  mothwiii  in 
steam  and  electricity  must  tx;  in  agreement  with  the  u'enirul  lia«a 
of  the  papers  on  thche  subjiKitH.  'J'he  nower  tyjKi  of  priiiio  mover, 
tho  turbine,  and  tho  newer  a((<;nt  for  tranMrnitting  jKjwer,  clfjctri- 
city,  had  each  a  Hulliciently  good  cajw;,  whether  they  were  com- 
bined or  worked  separately,  and  would  bfair  the  clom:Mt  i-zainina- 
tion  under  certain  circuniHtancfH.  Aft<'r  urging  the  need  for 
expert  advice  in  each  individual  com:  upon  prime  movern  an<l  the 
method  of  transmitting  power,  Mr.  Pepper  Haid  that  much  harm 
has  been  done,  eHpcciiiUy  to  electrical  progrcso  in  mill  driving,  by 
the  indiscriminate  odvicc  given  by  people  who  were  unqualified 
either  by  knowledge  or  experience  to  give  such  advice.  Within  bia 
knowle<lge  electrical  driving  had  been  retarded  in  two  cawB  where 
it  was  rashly  advocated  and  installed.  The  reault  woo  that 
clients  were  dissatisfied  with  their  plant,  and  spoke  diitparagiDglj 
of  it  to  their  friends  and  fellow  manufacturers. 

Mr.   J.   F.  Cbowlev,  in  an  exhaustive  reply  on  the  diHCUMion 
relating  to  electricity,  said  it  was  very  gratifying  to  find  that  the 
readers  of  the  power  papers  were  generally  no  favourably  disposed 
to  the  electrical  trannmission  of  the  power  generated  by  the  prime 
movers  they  dealt  with.     Mr.  Ramsingh  had  (jueHtioned  the  figure 
of    In    per  cent,  given   for  the  increased  production  from  a  loom 
on  individual  elect,  ical  drive  over  that  obtainable  on  the  ordinary 
mechanical  drive  at  present  prevailing.     It  was  difficult  to  induce 
manufacturers  to   permit  the  publication  of  the  results  they  had 
obtained,  but  the  case  had  been  given  of  a  mill  at  Vetschau,  where 
an   increase   in  production  of   from  1.".  per  cent,  to  20  per  cent., 
accompanied  by  an  improvement  in  quality,  was  obtained  on  jute 
looms.     Cases  had  also  been  given  of  a  German  spinning  mill  in 
which  the  increase  in  production  on  a  worsted  spinning  frame  wae 
as  high  as   1 8  per  cent.,  and  of  a  Lancashire  spinning  mill  where 
]■">  per  cent,  increased  production  was  obtained.    Since  the  paper 
was  read  an  important  Lancashire  concern  had  given  permission 
for  the  i)ublication  of  comparative   tests  that  they  had  taken  on 
continuous  running   during  the  past   12  months  on  over  Inn  indi- 
vidually-driven cotton  looms,  and  a  very  much  larger  numlier  of 
similar  looms  on  similar  warps  mechanically  driven.    The  weekly 
figures  showed  that  the  increase  in  production  was  in  no  case  less 
than  10  per  cent.     Mr.  Ramsingh  had  made  comparions  between 
the  relative  costs  of  electrical  driving  and  steam  driving,  and  had 
estimated  that  the  capital  expenditure  on  a  shed  with  l,OoO  looms 
on  the  electric  drive  would  be   £10,000,  and  on  the  mechanical 
drive  only  £4,000,  leaving  a  difference  of  £6.000.    The  expenditure 
of  this  sum  on  additional  looms,  Mr.  Ramsingh  held,  would  yield 
an  increased  production  of  15  per  cent.,  as  against  the  10  per  cent, 
increase  claimed  for  the  individual  electrical  drive.      Mr.   Crowley 
pointed   out  that  Mr.   Ramsingh's  estimate   of   the   cost    of   the 
electrical   equipment  was  on  the  high  side,   and   a  reduction  of 
10  per  cent,  might  be  made.      Further,  no  allowance  was  made  for 
the  cost  of  ropes  or  strapping,  nor  for  the  large  saving  that  could 
be  effected  with  electrical  driving  in  the  roof  and  walls  of  a  shed. 
Putting  the  cost  of  these  latter  items  at  Kl  per  loom,  which  was 
very  much  on  the  low  side,  on  this  basis  the  electrical  equipment 
would   cost    j;  4,000,   and   not  £6,000.  more  than  the  mechanical 
equipment,   which  sum   would  purchase   10  per  cent,  more  looms. 
This  meant,  then,  that  for  an  equal  capital  outlay  on  machinery, 
the    manufacturer    could    obtain   the  same  production   with    an 
electrical  drive  on  a  shed  of  1,000  looms,  as  with  a  mechanical 
drive  on  a  shed  of  1,100  looms.     If  he  adopted  mechanical  drive, 
however,  he  had  to  provide  and  pay  for  the  extra  land  necessary  to 
accommodate  the  additional  looms,  extra  lights  would  have  to  be 
installed^  additional  supervision  wculd  be  nectssary  for  the  larger 
number  of  weavers,  and  the   employers'  share  of  their  insurance 
contributions  would  be  greater,  while  the  maintenance  of  the  looms 
and  general  expenses  would  naturally    increase  with  the  number 
installed.     The  advantage  of  gaining  a  given    production  with  a 
reduced  number  of  weavers  was,  of  course,  at  once  obvious,  and 
should  particularly  appeal  in  districts  where  weavers  were  scarce. 

Many  other  points  of  a  technical  nature,  and  of  more  particular 
interest  to  those  engaged  in  the  control  of  textile  factories,  have 
been  brought  out  by  the  discussion.  As  yet,  only  the  fringe  of  the 
subject  has  been  touched,  and  the  further  discussion  of  the  matter, 
which  is  to  be  proceeded  with,  promises  to  be  of  immense  value  to 
textile  manufacturers,  and  to  the  special  Ccmmi.tee  of  the  Textile 
Institute  charged  with  the  duty  of  reportii:g  frtm  time  to  time 
upon  various  methods  of  mill  driving  and  upon  improvements  and 
developments,  both  in  this  country  and  abroad. 

The  subject  was  further  considered  at  the  ; ,  ring  conference  of 
the  Institute,  which  was  held  in  Slanchester  on  Jlay  I'nd. 

Mr.  J.  F.  Ckowley  pointed  out  that  various  arguments, 
notably  those  in  regard  to  transmission  losses,  which  might 
be  advanced  agiiinst  group  electrical  driving  on  a  large 
scale,  did  not  apply  to  the  individual  electric  drive,  where 
the  machine  itself  was  direct-coupled  to  the  driving  motor. 
The  two  main  points  for  electrical  driving  were: — (1)  Steadiness  of 
drive,  resulting  in  higher  maintained  speeds,  increased  production 
and  improved  quality  of  material  :  (2)  specific  advantages  on  the 
adoption  of  individual  drive,  resulting  in  still  greater  production 
and  improved  quality.  The  production  was  greater  because,  by  the 
electric  drive,  they  eliminated  still  further  the  joining-np  links 
between  the  source  of  power  and  the  machine  to  be  driven.  There 
was  a  speed  at  which  looms  could  be  run  on  a  perfectly  steady 
drive,  and  beyond  which  they  should  not  be  run.  Electrical 
engineers  did  not  propose  to  exceed  that  speed,  but  they  said  that 


912 


TE[E    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  72.  No.  1,853.  mat  30, 1913. 


with  the  mechanical  drive,  looms  were  never  run  at  the  exact 
speed  at  which  they  could  be  run,  for  mechanical  reasons, 
or  for  textile  reasons.  He  thoupht  it  must  be  admitted  that  they 
had  made  good  their  case,  because  in  every  instance  in  which  the 
individual  electric  driving  of  looms  had  been  installed  the  speeds 
had  been  put  up,  and  kept  up,  and,  as  a  result  partly  of  that 
increase  in  speed,  partly  of  the  quicker  start  which  individual  drive 
gave,  and  partly  of  the  steady  speed  leading  to  fewer  breakages, 
the  production  had  gone  up,  even  on  plain  looms,  10  per  cent.  The 
same  thing  applied  to  the  individual  driving  of  ring  frames.  In 
regard  to  mules,  the  question  had  not  been  considered  to  a  serious 
extent,  but  the  problem  appealed  to  the  electric  man  because  of 
the  varying  load  during  the  mule  cycle. 

Mb.  F.  R.  McConnel  (Manchester)  said  that  a  portion  of  a  mill 
in  which  he  was  interested  formerly  took  50  up.  to  drive,  and  now 
it  only  took  3ii  n.p.  with  electric  drive. 

Prof.  G.  F.  Charxock  (Bradford)  said  he  agreed  with  a  previous 
speaker  who  alluded  to  the  remarkable  steadiness  of  speed  of  the 
steam  turbine,  and  added  that  this  was  so  substantial  as  to  lead 
one  to  the  adoption  of  the  electric  drive,  since  it  was  contended 
that  only  by  that  means  could  full  advantages  be  taken  of  it.  If  it 
were  true,  as  had  been  held,  that  with  the  individual  electric 
drive,  a  loom  could  be  driven  with  a  speed  variation  not  exceeding 
3  per  cent.,  every  loom  in  the  country  ought  to  be  driven  by  the 
individual  electric  drive  to-morrow.  It  was  only  the  textile 
expert  who  could  decide  whether  or  not  they  got  increased  pro- 
duction and  improved  quality— the  Textile  Institute  should  make 
tests — and  if  they  got  an  increase  in  production  of  10  per  cent., 
and  an  improvement  in  quality  of  5  per  cent.,  it  did  not  really 
matter  what  the  speed  variation  was. 

Mr.  Ixgham  (Bolton)  said  the  "mechanical  man"  had  a  means 
of  settling  whether  his  plant  was  efficient  or  not,  and  that  was  by 
his  coal  bill.  If  the  efficiency  was  going  down  the  coal  bill  was 
going  up. 

Mb.  Crowley  replied  that  even  if  that  were  so,  the  chief  point 
was  left — the  location  of  the  point  where  loss  of  efficiency  was 
occurring.  Individual  electric  drive  made  it  possible  for  that  to  be 
done. 

Mr.  O'Brien  (Manchester)  referred  to  the  success  which  had 
attended  the  introduction  of  the  individual  electric  drive  for 
spinning  frames  in  an  Irish  mill,  and  said  that  the  firm  which 
adopted  this  form  of  drive  was  so  well  satisfied  with  the  results  in 
the  shape  of  increased  production  and  improved  material  that  they 
had  installed  a  similar  drive  in  a  new  mill  which  they  had  erected. 

Mk.  Oscar  Hall  (Bury)  said  that  a  firm  of  German  manu- 
facturers with  a  small  plant  obtained  their  electric  power  from  a 
central  station,  and  the  figures  of  cost  month  by  month  showed 
that  for  their  particular  purposes,  the  electric  drive  was  better 
than  any  other.  The  total  bill  was  less  than  it  would  have  cost  for 
a  man  to  look  after  the  engine  and  boiler. 

Several  speakers  undertook  to  supply  the  Institute  with  detailed 
information  and  statistics  as  to  the  actual  results  obtained  by 
various  prime  movers  and  particular  forms  of  drive,  and  there  is 
little  doubt  that  the  information  so  obtained  will  be  of  great  value 
to  the  Textile  Mill-Driving  Committee  of  the  Institute. 


The  Formation  of  Deposits  in  Oil -Cooled  Transformers. 

By  Dr.  Michie. 

iAbHraet  of  Paper  read  hefure  I  he    INSTITUTION  OF   Electbical 
EngINEEBS  at  yeircatfle,  April  2\!<t.  1913.) 

The  object  of  the  present  paper  is  to  deal  with  some  of  the  chemical 
changes  which  occur  in  transformer  oils  during  use,  and  more  par- 
ticularly with  the  formation  of  the  solid  matter  which  deposits  on 
the  windings  and  other  parts  of  transformers,  a  subject  to  which  my 
attention  was  drawn  several  years  ago  by  the  Newcastle  Ekctric 
Supply  Co.  These  deposits  vary  in  appearance  from  pale  yellow  soft 
sludges  to  dark  brown  or  black  hard  masses,  and  their  presence 
materially  affects  the  circulation  of  the  oil  and  leads  to  overheating 
of  the  windings. 

It  is  well  known  that  electrical  stresses  may  cause  a  separation 
from  oils  already  having  solid  matters  in  suspension,  but  it  is  rather 
difficult  to  imagine  how  the  electrical  stresses  can  effect  a  trans- 
formation of  the  liquid  oil  into  the  solid  sludge.  Pairs  of  sheet- 
metal  electrodes  4  in.  x  ]{  in.  were  set  at  a  distance  of  2i  in. 
aptart  and  placed  in  a  series  of  glass  tanks  containing  different 
qualities  of  transformer  oils.  A  pre)  sure  of  20.000  volts  was 
maintained  between  each  pair  of  electrodes  for  three  weeks,  but 
not  a  trace  of  deposit  separated  out  from  any  of  the  oils  tested. 
It  will  be  shown  later  that  electrical  discharges  may  have  an 
influence  on  the  formation  of  these  deposits  through  the  generation 
of  ozone. 

In  only  one  instance  has  a  deposit  been  obtained  in  which  it  could 
be  definitely  ascertained  that  it  was  entirely  derived  from  the  wind- 
ings. In  this  case,  the  frethly  varnished  windings  had  been 
immersed  in  the  oil  before  proper  drying  and  hardening  had  set  in. 
The  deposit  in  this  case  was  quite  different  from  what  is  usually 
obtained,  and  there  was  no  difficulty  in  detecting  the  linseed  oil 
used  in  the  preparation  of  the  varnish.  Not  only  is  it  impossible 
to  detect  any  quantity  of  varnish  or  other  insulating  compounds  in 
the  majority  of  deposits,  but  the  quantity  of  deposit  is  frequently 
far  too  great  to  be  accounted  for  in  this  way,  and  deposits  also 
occur  in  transformers  in  which  the  nee  of  varnish  is  avoided. 
In  most  cases  the  deposits  must  be  mainly  derived  from  the  trans- 
former oil  itself. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  these  deposits  are  the  result  cf  a 
polymerisation  of  the  hydrocarbon  molecules  of  the  oil  brought 
about  by  the  influence   of   the   heat   of  the   transformer.     Several 


samples  of  American  and  Russian  transformer  oils  were  heated  in 
glass  flas-ks  for  2iH>  hours  at  l."><i*  C.  out  of  contact  with  air,  but, 
although  the  oils  darkened  in  colour,  no  deposit  separated  ont. 
Analyses  of  transformer  deposits  show  that  these  contain  a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  oxygen,  and  as  the  original  oils  are  free 
from  oxygen  the  only  conclusion  that  can  Ije  drawn  is  that  the 
formation  of  these  deposits  is  brought  about  by  the  oxidising 
influence  of  the  air  on  the  transformer  oils.  In  all  likelihood  there 
is  a  simultaneous  polymerisation  of  the  oxidised  molecules.  A 
sample  of  sludge  taken  from  a  transformer  gave  the  following 
analysis  ; — 

Carhon.  Hydrogen.  Oxygen, 

76  0  7-1  16'9  per  cent. 

In  order  to  confirm  the  oxidation  theory  various  samples  of  trans- 
former oils  were  subjected  to  the  action  of  a  current  air  at  an  ele- 
vated temperature.  The  rate  at  which  the  air  was  drawn  through 
was  (Id?  cb.  ft.  per  hour.  The  flask  containing  the  oil  to  be 
tested  was  placed  in  an  oil  bath  and  kept  at  a  temperature  of 
150°  C.  As  a  rule  the  passage  of  the  current  of  air  was  con- 
tinued for  15  hours.  Different  transformer  oils  when  subjected 
in  this  way  to  the  action  of  a  current  of  air  gave  strikingly 
different  results.  Generally  the  oils  darkened  in  colour  and 
increased  in  acidity,  but  whereas  in  some  cases  the  oils  remained 
clear  and  bright,  in  the  majority  of  cases  they  became  turbid  from 
the  formation  of  solid  matter.  In  order  to  determine  the  amount 
of  solid  matter  which  separated  out,  the  oils  were  diluted  with 
petroleum  spirit  and  filtered.  The  solid  residue  after  freeing  from 
oil  by  washing  with  petroleum  spirit  was  then  weighed.  In  some 
cases  no  deposit  was  obtained,  while  in  others  it  weighed  as  much 
as  2'5  per  cent,  of  the  weight  of  oil  taken.  These  differences  in 
the  behaviour  of  different  samples  are  not  surprising  in  view  of 
the  different  chemical  characters  of  the  oils,  depending  on  the 
source  of  the  crude  oil,  the  method  of  distillation,  and  the  degree 
of  refinement. 

Deposits  obtained  by  treating  mineral  oils  with  air  closely 
resemble  what  is  obtained  in  transformers.  A  deposit  obtained  in 
this  way  gave  the  following  figures  on  analysis  : — 


Carhon. 
74-27 


Ilydrogen. 
6-62 


Oxygen. 
19' 11  per  cent. 


In  both  cases  the  deposits  are  almost  insoluble  in  petroleum 
spirit,  but  readily  soluble  in  benzol.  The  melting  or  softening 
point  varies  from  about  70°  C.  to  about  22(i°  C.  for  different 
deposits. 

Although  a  temperature  of  150°  C.  has  been  chosen  for  these 
tests,  on  account  of  the  greater  rapidity  of  the  oxidising  action,  the 
formation  of  sludge  no  doubt  takes  place  at  comparatively  low 
temperatures  if  the  period  of  exposure  is  prolonged,  and  there  are 
still  other  conditions  in  a  transformer  which  accelerate  the  forma- 
tion of  sludge.  The  presence  of  czone  in  the  air  of  the  transformer 
greatly  increases  the  rate  of  sludge  formation,  and  by  using 
ozonised  air  a  heavy  deposit  was  obtained  from  an  oil  in  a 
comparatively  short  time  at  90°  C. 

The  rate  of  sludge  formation  is  accelerated  by  the  presence  of 
certain  metals,  notably  copper. 

The  greater  the  surface  of  metal  exposed  to  the  oil,  the  greater 
is  the  influence  on  the  rate  of  oxidation.  Thus  an  oil  which,  when 
treated  with  air  in  the  absence  of  metals,  gave  no  sludge  after  45 
hours,  gave  0'5  per  cent,  of  sludge  when  the  test  was  repeated  on 
another  portion  of  the  same  oil  containing  copper  foil  of  4'5  fq.  in 
furface,  and  I'S  per  cent,  of  sludge  when  2.")  sq.  in.  of  copper  was 
used.  The  copper,  which,  as  a  rule,  is  only  very  slightly  attacked, 
does  not  enter  into  the  composition  of  the  deposits,  and  here,  as  in 
many  other  oxidation  processes,  plays  the  part  of  a  catalytic  agent. 
In  the  case  of  lead,  the  metal  generally  shows  signs  of  corrosion, 
and  enters  into  the  composition  of  the  deposits,  which  are  of  a 
characteristic  pale  yellow  colour.  In  one  deposit  36  per  cent,  of 
lead  was  found. 

The  quantity  of  sludge  which  separated  out  in  the  oxidation 
process  is  largely  dependent  on  the  degree  of  refinement  of  the  oil. 
As  a  general  rule,  the  more  an  oil  is  refined  the  more  stable  it 
becomes  towards  oxidising  agents. 

Although  several  transformer  oils  are  on  the  market,  which, 
when  subjected  to  the  oxidation  test,  give  no  depc sit  after  45  hours, 
no  oil  has  been  met  with  which  did  not  give  rise  to  deposit  after 
prolonged  treatment.  In  one  instance  an  oil  withstood  the  test  for 
150  hours  without  a  deposit  appearing.  All  oils  oxidise  in  time, 
but  it  is  only  reasonable  to  expect  that  those  which  come  out  well 
on  the  oxidation  test  will  also  behave  well  in  the  transformer. 

Apart  from  the  question  of  the  quality  of  the  oil,  the  design  of 
the  transformer  has  to  be  considered,  and  in  this  esonnection,  if  the 
formation  of  de]iosits  is  to  be  avoided  or  minimised,  the  following 
conditions  should  be  avoided  :  — (1)  Overheating  ;  (2)  undue  access 
of  air  to  the  oil ;  (3)  conditions  likely  ^o  give  rise  to  the  formation 
of  ozone  ;  (4)  contact  of  the  oil  with  clean  surfaces  of  copper,  iron 
and  lead. 

DiSCUPRIOX. 

Mr.  p.  V.  HuNTEB  (N.E  S.  Co.)  said  that  the  sludging  of  oils  in 
transformers  was  easting  thousands  of  pounds  per  annum.  He 
assumed  that  Dr.  Michie  did  not  consider  this  paper  to  be  the  last 
word  on  the  subject,  as  there  were  sure  to  be  further  developments 
as  time  went  on.  Of  the  four  chief  requirements,  oil  only  met  one, 
viz.,  that  of  high  insulation.  It  did  not  meet  the  others  because  it 
was  inflammable,  had  considerable  viscosity,  and  was  anything  but 
stable.  At  best,  oil  was  a  makeshift,  but  at  present  there  was  no 
alternative.  With  regard  to  the  assertion  that  from  the  appear- 
ance of  certain  deposits  taken  from  windings  a  temperature  very 


Vol.72.    No.  1,85:1,  May  .10,  1913.] 


TlIK     KLF.CTPJC.VL    IlKVIKW. 


'18 


oonBidcrubly  over  lOo'  (J.  muHt  huvu  been  utlainod,  liu  thouijht  that 
Dr.  Miohio  waHiiiixiii);upcauHoaii(l  ull'cct,  aHthc  uppouranou remarked 
upon  was  entirely  duo  to  the  ventilutini;  ductH  boin);  Hliid(;i<d  up, 
and  thuH  i^ivin);  the  oil  no  acueHH  to  them.  The  total  amount  of 
heat  tfonoratcd  in  a  transformer  did  not  increutto  an  Hludi;>ni; 
increaBed,  at  least  not  to  any  j;roat  extent,  and  it  wan  thuH 
inipoHHible  to  tell  from  the  mean  temperature  or  appearance  of  a 
transformer  whether  or  not  uludu'iiii;  was  tnkinjf  place,  and  as  u 
matter  of  fact  no  evidence  of  Bludpir)^  was  visible  until  the  trans- 
former WO8  lifted  out  of  its  cane.  For  a  number  of  years  the 
Newcastle  district  was  the  only  one  in  which  sludi;ini,'  seemed  to 
be  prevalent.  There  were  two  possible  explanations  for  this,  one 
beini;  that  in  the  Newcnstle  district  they  used  transformers  which 
depended  for  their  cooling'  upon  ducts,  and  local  overheatini; 
naturally  occurred  as  soon  as  these  sludijed  up,  whercan,  en  the 
other  hand,  where  older  designs  were  in  use,  in  which  there  were 
no  ventilating  ducts,  even  if  the  oil  did  sludge,  nothing  happened. 
The  other  explanation  was  that,  in  the  Newcastle  district,  in 
common  with  the  rest  of  their  machinery,  transformers  were  rated 
much  more  heavily  than  usual.  He  had  come  across  an  interesting 
case  in  connection  with  a  furnace  transformer  which  had  sludgul 
very  rapidly,  although  the  working  conditions  were  not  by  any 
means  severe,  and  he  could  only  put  this  down  to  the  large  amount 
of  exposed  copper  inside  the  transformer  case. 

Me.  L.  R.  Moushkai)  (Caxton  House,  Westminster)  said  that 
some  years  ago  he  had  been  intimately  connected  with  the  manu- 
facture of  transformers,  and  the  question  of  sludging  had  given 
him  a  good  deal  of  trouble  at  that  time.  The  phenomenon  was 
considered  to  be  an  electrical  one,  and  also  to  be  due  to  the  wearing 
out  of  the  materials  used  in  insulating. 

Mb.  J.  WiLSOK  (Brown,  Boveri  &  Co.)  drew  attention  to  the 
system  of  clearing  oil  by  immersing  coke  breeze  in  it. 

Mb.  J.  ScuuiL  (A.  Reyrolle  i;  Co.)  said  he  had  found  that 
different  oils  varied  enormously  in  their  ability  to  take  up 
moisture.  He  asked  if  the  purifying  treatment  to  which  oils  were 
subjected,  left  any  trace  of  acid  or  alkali,  as  he  had  come  across 
oils  which  were  accused  of  attacking  the  contact  surfaces  of  oil 
Bwitches.  Any  analysis  which  had  been  made,  however,  had  always 
proved  that  the  amount  of  acid  or  alkali  present  was  extremely 
small.  Another  trouble  in  oil  switches  was  due  to  minutJe 
quantities  of  the  sulphur  used  in  fixing  the  various  parts  dropping 
off  and  dissolving  in  the  oil.  While  he  agreed  that  there  was  no  elec- 
trical action  on  clean  oil,  he  thought  that  there  must  be  some 
action  on  oil  which  had  already  sludged,  as  the  particles  of  sludge 
could  be  seen  moving  about  rapidly  in  the  oil  when  subjected  to 
high  pressure. 

Mr.  G.  Stoney  eaid  that  the  paper  explained  to  him  why  black 
deposits  were  frequently  found  in  the  bearings  of  turbinee. 
Deposits  were  not  generally  found  if  the  temperature  was  kept 
below  100°  or  120°  F.,  but  if  it  was  allowed  to  run  up  to  100°  F., 
with  many  oils  large  deposits  took  place.  He  had  the  impression 
that  the  American  oils,  which  were  really  saturated  paraffins,  left 
no  deposits,  while,  on  the  other  hand,  Russian  oils  always  gave 
considerable  deposits.  In  the  case  of  turbine  bearings,  of  course, 
water  was  present,  and  this  would  in  some  degree,  account  for  the 
rapidity  with  which  the  action  took  place.  He  had  in  gome  cases 
seen  deposits  as  hard  as  coke.  He  had  noticed  that  the  oils  did 
not  attack  the  copper-tin  alloys  in  the  bearings,  but  that  they  had 
a  considerable  action  on  zinc  alloys,  c  g.,  the  nut  rings  which  were 
usually  of  zinc  alloy  frequently  showed  signs  of  corrosion. 
The  paper  seemed  to  show  that  it  was  possible  to  get  oils  which 
would  not  give  a  deposit. 

Mk.  W.  C.  Mouktain  said  that  so  far  as  he  could  see, 
sludging  was  largely  a  matter  of  price,  as  the  highly  refined  clear 
oils  did  not  sludge  to  any  great  extent,  but,  of  course,  they  were 
much  more  expensive.  Another  point  was  that  if  transformers 
were  rated  within  more  reasonable  limits  sludging  troubles  would 
not  occur. 

Dr.  a.  C.  Michie,  in  reply,  said  that  leaving  the  conductors 
bare  led  to  excessive  sludging.  It  was  an  undoubted  fact 
that  the  flash  point  was  reduced  after  filtering,  due  to  the 
breaking  up  of  the  oil  under  high  temperatures.  As  a  rule,  filtered 
oil  was  liable  to  form  further  quantities  of  sludge.  With  regard  to 
the  question  of  using  coke  breeze,  the  action  was  already  well 
known,  and,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  crude  oil  was  filtered  through 
animal  charcoal,  in  order  to  take  out  the  colour  and  other 
impurities  liable  to  cause  sludge.  With  regard  to  moisture  in  oil, 
under  normal  circumstances  this  was  so  small  that  it  could  only  be 
detected  by  electrical  means,  and,  even  in  saturated  oil,  was  of  the 
order  of  '003  per  cent.  only.  Hot  oil  would,  of  course,  take  up  a 
larger  quantity,  but  on  cooling,  this  separated  out  in  the  form  of 
globules.  All  oils  were  treated  with  acid  and  alkali  during  puri- 
fication, and  minute  traces  might  be  left,  but  he  did  not  think  that 
these  could  have  much  effect  on  the  sludging. 


EBONITE    TESTS. 


Social  Club.-^The  Leyton  District  Council  electric  power 
station  employes'  Social  and  Athletic  Club  was  formally  inaugurated 
last  Friday  week  by  Mrs.  Harman  Lewis.  Mr.  F.  Harman  Lewis, 
who  presided,  and  is  president  of  the  club,  threw  himself  enthu- 
siastically into  the  scheme  when  it  was  proposed  some  time  ago. 
The  Council  allowed  the  club  the  use  of  one- half  of  the  storeroom, 
where  the  old  gas  generating  plant  used  to  be,  and  in  their  spare 
time  the  men  prepared  the  building  for  its  new  purposes,  the 
Council  providing  the  necessary  timber  for  partitioning  and  flooring. 
In  the  centre  of  the  room  there  is  a  billiard  table.  Some  74  out  of 
the  80  employes  are  already  members  of  the  club. 


Wk  are  informed  tbab  some  time  of^o  the  National  I'byHical 
liuborntory  made  Homc  f  xliuuHtivc  trnts  on  variouB  |(ra<]e8  of 
clioiiiLeat  the  rcijiicHt  of  the  Adiiiirulty  for  the  piiqjo«e  of 
I)rc))uriiif^  a  HjU'cilicatioii  for  ••iKjnito. 

The  rcHult  hiw  hoeii  ernhodied  in  the  Admiralty  .^[iceifica- 
tion  .No.  75ti,  and  the  following  tent,H  Imve  Ixen  luiil  down 
by  our  Naval  Authorities. 

S/irci/ir  Oraiitij. — The  spe^iflo  gravity  of  the  material  must  not 
exceed  r21. 

Yii'ld  Tfxt. — For  Bhects  of  1-in.  thicknesH  and  upward*  and  for 
cylindrical  rods  exceeding  I  in.  the  tent  piece  i<hall  be  'i  in.  lonff 
and  rectangular  in  section.  For  rods  of  1  in.  diameter  or  lem,  the 
test- piece  shall  be  9  in.  long,  and  circular  in  section.  The  t«tit-piece 
shall  be  secured  within  a  clamp  at  one  end,  so  aM  to  be  iupported  a« 
a  cantilever.  At  a  point  fl  in.  from  the  mari-st  edge  of  the  clamp 
shall  be  supported  a  weight  of  the  amount  specified  in  the  table 
below  ;  the  section  of  the  test-piece  beinfj  epecifled  in  the  table. 
The  cantilever  shall  be  placed  in  an  oven  maintained  at  a  uniform 
temperature  of  70°  C,  and  the  weight  chall  be  attached  not  lens  than 
15  minutes  after  placing  the  test-piece  in  the  oven.  At  the  end 
of  two  hours'  exposure  with  the  weight  attached,  the  material 
shall  not  yield  more  than  is  indicated  by  the  point  of  support  of 
the  weight  dropping  through  a  distance  of  1')  mm.  during  the 
time.  The  distance  yielded  shall  be  measured  before  and  after  the 
test  with  the  weight  removed  : — 


DeEcription  o( 
ebODite. 


Bectlon  of 
test-piece. 


Weight 
spplied. 


Sheet    iS    in.    thickness    and 
upwards,    cylindrical    rod 

exceeding  1  in.  diameter...  Rectangular  1  in.  x  j  in.  1  lb. 

Sheet  ebonite  \  in.  thick    ...  Rectangular  1   in.  X  i  in.  12  oz. 

Cylindrical  rod  1  in.  dia.    ...  Circular  1  in.  diameter  14  lb. 

,,  J  in.  dia.    ...        ,,         \  in.  diameter  8}  lb. 

,,  i  in.  dia.    ...        „        i  in.  diameter  a\  lb. 

„  \  in.  dia.    ...         ,,         «  in.  diameter  3  lb. 

„  i  in.  dia.    ...        ,,        i  in.  diameter  IJ  lb. 

„  3  in.  dia.    ...         „         il  in.  diameter  8  oz. 

„  i  in.  dia.    ...         „        i  in.  diameter  2  cz. 

Dielectric  Strength. — In  ascertaining  the  dielectric  strength  of 
the  material  the  pressure  shall  be  applied  between  two  metal 
spheres,  each  2  in.  in  diameter,  embedded  into  opposite  sides  of  the 
test-piece,  so  that  the  thickness  of  the  ebonite  between  them  is  about 
0  5  mm.  An  alternating  pressure  of  approximately  sine-wave  form 
shall  then  be  applied  betwten  the  spheres,  the  pressure  being 
gradually  increased  (over  a  period  of  about  1  min.)  until  breakdown 
occurs.  Under  these  conditions,  the  pressure  at  which  the  material 
breaks  down  shall  not  be  less  than  at  the  rate  of  125,000  volts  per 
mm.     (This  pressure  is  the  effective  of  root  mean  square  pressure.) 

The  test  piece  and  spheres  may  be  placed  under  oil  during  the 
t(st  with  a  view  to  reducing  the  size  of  the  test-piece  required. 

Unless  otherwise  directed,  the  test-pieces  for  this  test  are  to  be 
disks  4  in.  in  diameter.  The  spherical  recesses  in  the  test-pieces 
shall  be  machined  out  with  a  keen  cutting  tool,  which  is  to  be  re- 
ground  before  the  last  cut  is  taken.  Care  shall  be  taken  that  the 
spheres  make  a  good  fit  in  the  recesses.  This  machining  will  be 
carried  out  at  the  National  Physical  Laboratory  and  the  spheres 
will  be  provided  by  that  body. 

No  material  shall  be  rejected  on  the  ground  of  insuflBcient  dielec- 
tric strength  unless  and  until  two  pieces  have  been  tried  and  both 
have  failed, 


As  these  tests  are  eaid  to  be  more  severe  than  any  that  have 
hitherto  been  applied  on  ebonite,  Messrs.  Traun  \;  Sons,  London 
Agency,  sent  some  material  manufactured  by  them  to  the  National 
Physical  Laboratory,  and  we  have  before  us  a  facsimile  of  the 
report  received,  which  shows  their  material  to  have  achieved  most 
excellent  results. 

The  specific  gravity  of  their  material  was  found  to  be  ri98.  In 
the  yield  test  both  their  samples  showed  after  two  hours'  exposure 
a  yield  of  only  8  mm.,  and  after  four  hours  only  10  mm. 

Both  samples  showed  a  dielectric  strength  of  over  125,000  volts 
per  mm.,  and  one  sample  only  broke  down  after  being  subjected  to 
this  test  for  four  minutes. 

These  results  should  be  of  interest  to  users  of  high-class  ebonite, 
which  is  made  from  pure  fine  para,  and  is  especially  recommended 
for  the  very  finest  work. 


Electrical   Eqaipments  for  Sooth  African   Mines. 

■^Mr.  R.  W'.  Schumacher,  speaking  at  a  recent  meeting  of  the 
South  African  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers  on  the  transition 
from  steam  to  electricity  in  the  Transvaal  mines,  said  he  hoped 
that  electrical  machinery  makers  would  not  insist  upon  supplying 
standards  which  might  be  suitable  elsewhere  but  not  for  the  South 
African  mines.  Local  requirements  should  be  considered,  makers 
should  meet  them  as  best  they  could,  and  the  material  supplied 
should  be  the  best  that  could  be  obtained  anywhere. —  Tin- African 
World. 


914 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  72.  No.  1,863,  mat  30,  1913. 


STANDARDISATION    RULES 
FOR     ELECTRICAL     MACHINERY : 
COMPARISON. 


The  Rules  just  issued  by  the  British  Electrical  and  Allied 
Manufacturers'  Association,  hereafter  called  the  B.E.A.]\I.A. 
Rules,  are  here  compared  with  the  Report  issued  in  1007 
by  the  Engineering:  Standards  Committee  (Publication  3G), 
called  the  E.S.C.  Rules ;  the  revised  rules  issued  by  the 
Verband  Dentschcr  Elektrotechniker  (as  published  in  the 
Elekirotechnisrhe  Zeilschrift),  hereafter  called  the  German 
Rules  ;  and  the  rules  of  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical 
Engineers. 

The  B.E.A.il.A.  Rules  deal  only  with  standard  pressures 
and  frequencies,  high  pressure  and  insulation  tests,  types  of 
machines,  rating,  overloads  and  temperatures. 


B.E.A.M.A. 
50  periods  per  8ec. 
25 


Frequencies. 

ES.C. 

50 

25 


American. 
60 


B.E.A.M.A. 

D.C.  A.C. 

115  — 

230  — 

460  440 

525  6.")0 

—  2,200 

—  3,300 

—  6,600 

—  ll,t»00 


Gexeratob  Pbessures. 
E.S.C. 


115  Tolts 

230  „ 

460  „ 

525  ., 

2,200     „ 

3,300  „ 

6,600  „ 

11,000  „ 


American. 
D.C.  AC. 

125  — 

250  — 

550  — 

—  2,200 


The  standard  high-pressure  systems  for  alternating  current 


B.E.A.M.A. 

2,000 
3,000 

6,000 
10,000 
20,000 


E.S.C. 

2,000 

3,000 

6,000 

10,000 


American. 


6,600 
11,000 
22.000  and  up 


Low  Pressures  at  Consumers"  Terminals. 
B.E.A.M.A.  E.S.C.  American. 

D.C.    A.C. 

110  100  110  110 

220  200  220  220 

440  400  440  — 

500  500  500  — 

The  variations  introduced  by  the  B.E.A.M.A.  rules  in 
the  pressures  are  probably  dictated  by  other  branches  of  the 
industry.  The  pressures  are  still,  however,  within  the  varia- 
tions provided  for  in  the  E.S.C.  Report. 


High-Pbessube  Tests. 


Bated  prenmre. 
Volts. 
Below  333 
333  to  1.500 


1,500  to  2,2.-,0 
2,250  to  5,000 

5,000  to  7,500 

Above  7,500 


B.E.A..V.A. 

Volts. 

1,000 

three  times 

rated  pressure 

4.500 
twice  rated 
pressure 


American. 

Volts. 

1,000-1,500 
1,500-3,500 


5,000 

twice  rated 

pressure 


All  teste  for  oue  minute. 


German. 
Volts. 

1,000 

2  J  times  rated 

pressure  (min. 

1,000  volts) 

ditto. 

2^  times  rated 

pressure 

rated  pressure 

plus  7,500  yolts 

twice  rated 

pressure. 


For  pressures  between  1,500  volts  and  2,250  volts,  the 
selection  of  one  test  pressure  instead  of  the  German  rule  is 
carious,  and  a  good  reason  for  it  is  hard  to  see. 


Types  of  Machines. 


B.E.A..V.A. 

E.S.C. 

Open            

Open. 

Protected 

Protected. 

Enclosed  ventilated          

Ventilated. 

Pipe  ventilated  (with  or  without 

forced  draught)...         

— 

Drip  proof 

— 

Totally  enclosed     

Totally  enclosed 

Flame  proof           

— 

Rating. 

The  various  rules  are  as  follows  : — 

.B.JE'.^.i/.^.— Continuous  rating  is  the  output  which  a 
machine  will  give  for  a  period  sufficiently  long  to  attain 
practically  constant  temperature  and  otherwise  comply  with 
these  Regulations. 

E.S.C. — The  rated  load  for  continuous  working  shall  be 
the  output  at  which  they  can  work  continuously  for  six 
hours  and  conform  to  the  prescribed  tests. 

German. — Rated  output  for  continuous  working  is  that 
which  can  be  given  for  any  length  of  time  and  conform 
to  the  prescribed  tests,  with  the  qualification  that  the  period 
of  test  shall  not  exceed  10  hours. 

American. — These  are  the  same  as  the  B.E.A.M.A. 

B.E.A.M.A. — The  short-time  rating  is  defined  as  the  out- 
put which  a  machine  will  give  for  one  hour,  one  half-hour, 
or  other  specified  period,  and  comply  with  these  Regulations. 

German. — These  are  very  similar  to  the  B.E.A.M.A. 

American. — Three  classes  are  defined,  as  follows  : — 

1.  Intermittent  rating  (periods  of  load  and  rest  alter- 
nating). 

2.  Minute  rating  (load  for  one  minute  only). 

3.  Variable-service  rating  (not  yet  defined). 

The  B.E.A.M.A.  Rules  define  the  ratings  for  machines 
which  have  to  deal  with  variations  of  speed  as  follows  : — 

(a)  Machines  with  two  or  more  fixed  speeds  are  to  have 
a  definite  rating  for  each  speed. 

(b)  A'ariable  -  speed  machines.  These  are  of  two 
classes : — 

(i)  Machines  rated  to  give  the  same  output  throughout 
the  entire  range  of  operating  speed.  In  such  machines,  the 
heating  tests  should  be  made  at  the  lower  limit  of  speed,  and 
commutation  tests  at  the  upper  limit  of  speed. 

(ii)  ^lachines  which  are  not  rated  to  give  the  same 
output  at  all  speeds.  These  machines  should  have  ratings 
specified  for  both  minimum  and  maximum  speeds. 

These  details  are  not  dealt  with  in  the  other  rules,  but 
are  necessary. 

The  new  Rules  do  not  deal  with  the  rating  question  in 
a  satisfactory  manner.  The  continuous  running  for  six 
hours  as  originally  adopted  by  the  E.S.C.  and  the  maximum 
continuous  run  of  10  hours  adopted  by  the  German  Rules 
are  both  better  than  the  B.E.A.M.A.  rule.  Machines  do 
not,  as  a  rule,  run  continuously,  so  that  it  would  be  more  satis- 
factory to  rate  them  for  daily  service  and  to  reduce  the 
rating  for  continuous  running.  The  American  rules 
for  short  -  time  rating  are  more  satisfactory  than  the 
B.E.A.M.A.  rules.  A  short-time  rating  based  on  a  run  of 
short  duration  from  cold  is  not  a  satisfactory  one,  in  so  far 
as  it  does  not  provide  a  comparison  in  the  case  of  different 


Overloads. 
B.E.A.M.A.  Rules. — These  specify  the  following  periods 
of  running  with  25  per  cent,  overload  for  machines  with 
continuous  rating.  Ten  per  cent,  less  is  allowed  for  venti- 
lated machines,  and  no  overload  at  all  is  allowed  for  totally 
enclosed  machines: — 

lOO-KW.  or  H.P.  and  above  two  hours 

Below  lOO-KW.  or  h.p.,  not  below  25-KW.  or  h.p.  one  hour 

Below  25-KW.  or  h.p..  not  below  2-KW.  or  HP.  one  half-hour 

Below  2-KW.  or  H.P.  five  minutes. 

In  the  case  of  series  or  compound  motors,  the  overloads 
are  to  be  measured  in  amperes  of  input.  The  enclosed  type 
machine  must  be  able  to  carry  momentary  overloads,  required 
in  connection  with  commutator  teats. 

American  Rules. — These  specify  for  motors  and  generators 
25  per  cent,  overload  for  two  hours,  and  for  motors  50  per 
cent,  overload  for  one  minute. 

German  Rules. — These  specify  25  per  cent,  overload  for 
half  an  hour  and  40  per  cent,  for  three  minutes,  but  this 
overload  is  only  permitted  when  the  temperature  limita 
allowed  by  the  rules  are  not  exceeded.  They  also  specify 
that  a  machine  must  run  at  15  per  cent,  excess  speed  for  five 
minutes. 

Although  at  first  it  may  seem  that  the  B.E.A.M.A.  Rnleg, 
are  more  onerous  than  the  German,  and  about  the  same  afli 
the  American,  they  are  actually,  in  the  majority  of  cases, ' 
less  exacting.     The  majority  of  machines  now  in  use  come 
under  the  reduced   overloaids,  and   a   very   great  number  ^ 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,8r.:!,  May  :io,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


915' 


arc  not  allowed  any  overload  at  all.  Overloads  arc  iiiisatiH- 
factory,  and  it  woidd  be  better  to  avoid  tliciii  ciiLircly  tiian 
to  r(!dii(!o  tlicm  to  a  lower  value  than  is  adopted  by  the  great 
comtnenial  rivals  of  the  British  manufacturers. 

Momentary  overloads  re(|uircd  in  connection  with  com- 
mutator tests  are  said  to  be  permitted,  but  what  these  are  is 
not  stated. 

Hkatinc. 

The  rules  specify  the  foUowini^  temperature  rists.  -  The 
B.E.A.M.A.  Rules  state  that  they  are  for  an  air  temperature 
of  2.'i'  C,  but  no  exceptions  or  alterations  are  provided 
until  an  air  temperature  exceeding  3.")  C.  is  reached,  which 
is  the  maximum  air  temperature  permitted  by  the  (icrman 
Rules,  'i'he  American  JUdes  only  provide  for  the  stated 
temperature  rises  when  the  air  temperature  does  not 
exceed  25°  0. 


NOTES    PROM    CANADA. 


[kKO.M   Oi;il   SI'KCUI.    f'OUREHI'ONDKNT,] 


— 

B.B.A.M.A. 

B.S.O. 

Ameri- 
oao. 

Ger- 
man. 

* 

t 

X 

All  windings 

40°  C. 

47°  0. 

56°  C. 

50°  C  § 

50°  C. 

60°  C. 

Cores  in  which   wind- 

ings are  embedded  ... 

40°  C. 

47°  C. 

56°  C. 

— 

— 

60°  C. 

Stationary  field  coils  of 

alternators  measured 

by  resistance 

56°  C. 

— 

— 

60°  C. 

— 

— 

Shunt  field  coils  of  D.C. 

machines      measured 

by  resistance 

60°  C. 

65°  C. 

70°  C. 

— 

— 

70°  C. 

Commutators 

56°  C. 

56°  C. 

5.5°  C. 

— 

55°  C. 

56°  C. 

Slip  rinp^s          

55°  C. 

56°  C. 

55°  C. 

— 

— 

60°  C. 

Bearings           

~ 

— 

40°  C. 

60"  C. 

*  Open  type,     t  Ventilated  type.     +  Totally  enclosed  type. 
§  60'  C.  if  by  resistance. 

The  E.S.C.  rules  provide  for  a  reduction  in  these  tempera- 
ture rises  of  one  degree  for  every  degree  the  air  temperature 
exceeds  25°  C.  In  all  cases  variation  is  permitted  in  the 
case  of  machines  insulated  with  heat-resisting  materials. 

An  analysis  of  these  figures  would  be  much  simpler 
if  temperature  "  rise "  were  replaced  in  all  cases  by 
maximum  temperature,  and  many  peculiarities  in  the  rules 
would  be  avoided.  The  B.E.A.lM.A.  rules  provide  princi- 
pally for  the  use  of  thermometers  in  carrying  out  heating 
tests,  but  in  all  cases  the  most  accurate  method  available 
should  be  specified. 

The  correction  for  altitude  in  the  B.E.A.M.A.  rules 
amounts  to  a  reduction  in  temperature  rise  of  2h  per  cent, 
for  every  1,000  ft.  up. 

The  temperatures  prescribed  for  short-time  rating  are  the 
same  as  those  prescribed  for  continuous  running.  As  the 
former  have  periods  of  rest  of  uncertain  length,  some  altera- 
tion either  to  the  rating  or  the  heating  is  necessary.  The 
alteration  should  be  applied  to  the  rating. 

Here,  as  in  the  case  of  overloads,  the  B.E.A.M.A.  rules 
appear  more  conservative  than  they  are.  For  example,  the 
maximum  temperatures  permitted  by  these  rules,  compared 
with  the  E.S.C.  and  German,  are  as  follows  : — 

Germuii. 

95°  C. 
105°  C. 

These  figures  show  how  deceptive  "  temperature  rise " 
figures  can  become  unless  great  care  is  taken  to  understand 
them  fully. 

General. 

If  these  new  rules  (B.E.A.M.A.)  were  set  out  more  com- 
pletely, and  some  of  the  undefined  expressions  avoided,  fewer 
exceptions  to  the  rules  would  be  necessary.  However,  they 
form  an  interesting  addition  to  the  literature  on  the  subject, 
and  when  modified  by  the  purchaser,  should  form  a  satisfac- 
tory basis  for  carrying  on  business  in  this  class  of  apparatus. 

It  is,  however,  very  desirable  that  the  best  of  the  various 
rules  should  be  made  into  one  complete  set,  with  a  view  to 
their  universal  acceptance. 


B.RA.M.A. 

E.S.C. 

American 

Windings    ... 

90°  C. 

85°  C. 

75°  C. 

Shunt  field  coils    . 

105°  C. 

85°  C. 

75"  C. 

Cable-Stealing  on    the    Rand. — According   to    the 

Cape  Argux,  a  gang  of  thieves  has  recently  been  at  work  stealing 
a  large  quantity  of  electric  cables,  the  losers  including  the  Victoria 
Falls  Power  Co.,  the  Croesus  mine,  and  the  Johannesburg  muni- 
cipality. Several  arrests  have  been  made,  and  some  coloured  men 
charged. 


Nk.vt  month  the  WheatHtonc  high-Bp^;ed  automatic  apparatus, 
designed  to  transmit  tOO  words  \xtr  minute,  will  U;  innUiiJed 
by  the  (Jreat  .N'orth-Westc-m  Telegraph  Co.  Jx;tween  Montreal 
and  Toronto. 

The  Western  Power  ('o.  arc  installing  two  more  units  of 
13,000  ir. I',  cajjacity  each. 

The  city  of  (Jaigary,  .Mberta,  is  evidently  in  nw.-d  of 
more  power,  as  the  consulting  engineer  has  just  rea)ramended 
that  a  contract  be  made  with  the  Calgary  Power  Co.  at  once 
for  the  supply  of  5,000  or  more  horse-power  ;  at  the  same 
time  he  has  reported  on  the  (|u<:stion  of  the  utilisation  of 
natural  gas,  which  is  obtainable  at  a  distance  of  some  175 
miles  from  the  city.  Partly  on  account  of  possible  failure 
of  such  a  long  pipe  line  and  partly  for  other  reasons,  the 
engineer  recommends  the  adoption  of  gas-fired  Ijoilers  and 
steam  engines  in  preference  to  gas  engines,  as  the  boilers 
could  be  readily  fired  with  coal  in  the  event  of  failure  of  the 
gas  supply. 

The  Commission  of  Conservation  has  just  published  some 
very  interesting  figures,  apparently  taken  partly  from  a 
paper  read  before  the  American  I.E.E.  by  Mr.  J.  V.  Hunter 
in  1911,  though  the  figures  relative  to  freight  rates  on  coal 
from  the  mines  to  the  point  of  consumption  have  been 
calculated  from  Canadian  freight  tariffs.  The  figures  give  a 
"  comparison  of  fixed  charges  involvetl  in  power  transmission 
and  freight  charges  of  fuel  transportation " — in  other 
words,  they  show  the  saving  which  may  be  effected  by 
carrying  electricity  from  the  mines  to  the  distributing  centre 
instead  of  carrying  the  coal  from  the  mines  to  such  centre. 
The  distance  assumed  is  100  miles,  and  it  is  shown  that  an 
annual  saving  of  from  about  £1 2,400  for  a  5,000-Kw.  plant,  to 
about  £69,300  for  a  20,000-KW.  plant,  may  be  effected 
by  transmitting  electricity  instead  of  transporting  coal. 

The  figures  are  used  as  an  argument  in  favour  of  having 
an  investigation  made  into  the  question  of  utilising  the 
lignite  fields  in  Western  Canada  by  putting  down  large 
central  stations  situated  on  the  fields,  as  owing  to  the  lignite 
being  of  comparatively  low  calorific  value,  it  would  not  pay 
to  transport  it  any  great  distance. 

The  same  Commission,  discussing  the  causes  of  failures  in 
water-pow^r  projects,  chief  among  which  are  under- 
estimation of  the  cost  of  development  and  over-estimation  of 
the  water  power  available,  relates  that  a  well-known 
engineer,  now  at  the  head  of  one  of  the  largest  power 
organisations  in  the  United  States,  was  given  the  following 
rule  by  one  of  his  bankers  : — 

"  We  will  not  consider  a  water  power  project  unless,  after 
doubling  the  cost,  cutting  the  available  power  in  two,  and 
reducing  th^paarket  price  by  -10  per  cent.,  it  will  still  show 
interest  on  the  bonds  necessary  to  issue." 

The  Hydro-Electric  Power  Commission  of  Ontario,  has 
this  month  (May)  issued  its  rules  and  regulations  dealing 
with  ordinary  inside  installation  work  in  houses,  fac- 
tories, &c. 

These  rules  are  based  on  the  National  Electrical  Code, 
and,  in  fact,  contain  practically  the  same  rules,  though  the 
general  arrangement  is  different,  and  various  modifications 
and  additions  have  been  made,  chiefly  with  a  view  to  the 
safeguarding  of  life. 

There  is  one  important  clause  in  the  preface  which  is 
worthy  of  note  ;  this  states  that,  "  Until  further  notice,  all 
such  materials,  fittings  or  devices  as  are  formally  approved 
by  the  Underwriters'  Laboratories  of  Chicago  are  hereby 
approved  by  the  Commission.  Should  it,  however,  he  demon- 
slrated  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Commission  that  any  fitting, 
material  or  device  complies  in  every  respect  ivith  the  specifica- 
tions of  the  Underwriters'  Laboratories,  the  Commission  may 
permit  ttie  use  of  the  same." 

The  italics  are  the  writer's.  These  words  evidently 
indicate  that  the  Commission  is  prepared  to  put  its  own  seal 
of  approval  on  materials,  Sec,  without  waiting  for  that  of  the 
Underwriters'  Laboratories,  provided  that  it  be  first  satisfied 
that  the  specifications  of  the  latter  body  have  been  complied 
with. 

Thus  will  probably  be  removed,  in  Ontario  at  least,  one  of 


916 


THE    ELECTEICAL    EEVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,863,  MAT  30,  1913. 


the  difficulties  of  the  British  manufacturer  in  getting  his 
products  introduced  over  here,  as  he  will  not  need  to  apply 
to  Chicago  for  approval,  but  can  go  direct  to  the  Hydro- 
Electric  Power  Commission.  The  approval  of  the  Commis- 
sion will  also  be  a  strong  recommendation  for  him  in  trying 
to  introduce  his  goods  into  other  provinces  of  the  Dominion. 

It  must  not  be  supposed  that  the  Commission  will  readily 
grant  permission  for  the  use  of  materials,  \c.,  differing  from 
these  re<]uirements  of  the  Underwriters,  though  the  opening 
words  of  the  foregoing  quotation  ("  until  further  notice  ") 
seem  to  indicate  that  in  the  future  there  might  come  a  time 
when  the  Commission  would  act  on  its  own  initiative  apart 
from  the  Underwriters,  though,  doubtless,  there  will  always 
be  more  or  less  co-operation  between  these  two  bodies. 

There  seems  to  be  a  steadily  increasing  market  over  here 
for  electric  household  appliances  of  all  kinds — toasters, 
radiators,  smoothing  irons,  &c. — and  as,  so  far  as  the  writer  is 
aware,  there  are  no  Underwriters'  specifications,  but  only  a  few 
general  requirements,  to  bar  the  way  to  the  introduction  of 
such  api)liances,  it  would  seem  that  the  British  manufacturer 
should  have  a  chance  if  his  prices  can  compete. 

Now  that  the  Commission's  Rules  and  Regulations  are 
out,  it  will,  however,  be  necessary  for  manufacturers  to 
obtain  the  approval  of  that  body  for  any  materials,  &3., 
before  they  can  be  used  in  installations  in  the  Province  of 
Ontario,  for,  referring  again  to  the  preface,  we  find  the 
following  :  — 

"  In  general,  all  installation  material,  conductors, 
apparatus,  &c.,  must  be  of  a  suitable  character,  approved  hij 
the  Commission.  ..." 

The  italics  are  again  those  of  the  writer  of  these  notes — 
approval  is  not,  of  course,  required  for  each  individual  piece 
of  apparatus,  but  for  the  type  or  design. 


Syochronisin^   Turret   Clocks.— In  a   letter  to  the 

Times  of  April  30th,  Mr.  H.  R.  Kempe  described  a  simple  and  inex- 
pensive method  of  applying-  electrical  synchronisation  to  existing 
turret  clocks.  The  latter  are  constructed  with  elaborate  and  costly 
devices  to  ensure  accuracy  of  timekeeping,  but  the  result  is 
notoriously  ineffective.  However,  Mr.  Kempe  shows  that  any  "  old 
crock  "  of  a  clock,  so  long  as  it  will  go  at  all,  can  be  made  to  keep 
as  accurate  time  as  the  finest  clock  made,  at  small  expense  and 
without  the  trouble  of  climbing  the  tower.  All  that  is  necessary 
is  to  regulate  the  clock  to  i/ai'/j  a  little— as  little  as  one  or  two 
seconds  an  hour,  it  may  be — but  to  gain  without  fail.  An  electro- 
magnet and  armature  fixed  near  the  scape  wheel  locks  the  latter 
when  the  electromagnet  is  excited.  This  electromagnet  is  in 
circuit  with  a  switch  formed  by  the  "  warning "  lever  of  the 
striking  movement.  This  lever  commences  to  rise  at  about  10 
minutes  before  the  hour,  and  in  rising  breaks  the  line  circuit  in 
which  the  electromagnet  is  placed,  and  on  falling  (as  it  does) 
exactly  at  the  hour  again  closes  the  circuit.  Wires  from  the 
electromagnet  and  switch  pass  down  from  the  clock  chamber  to 
the  base  of  the  tower,  where  a  fairly  good  quality  clock  (about  £3 
in  value)  is  placed  ;  this  clock  is  fitted  with  a  contact  (in  circuit 
with  the  line  wires  and  two  small  dry  cells),  which  is  closed  about 
a  minute  before  the  hour  and  broken  exactly  at  the  hour.  When 
the  church  clock  strikes,  therefore,  it  closes  the  ciilbit,  and  being 
slightly  (a  second  or  so)  in  advance  of  the  regulating  clock  it  is 
stopped  by  the  armature  of  the  electrom.agnet  btiug  pulled  forward. 
The  regulating  clock  then  breaks  contact  exactly  at  the  hour  and 
relea<!es  the  scape,  so  that  the  church  clock  starts  off  exactly 
regulated  to  time,  or  rather  exactly  in  correspondence  with  the 
regulating  clock.  The  whole  contrivance  need  cost  but  a  few 
shillings,  and  any  small  error  in  the  regulating  clock  is  corrected 
by  a  touch  of  the  finger ;  Greenwich  time  being  received  at  the 
local  telegraph  office  at  9  o'clock  every  day,  enables  one's  watch 
(by  means  of  which  the  regulating  clock  is  kept  right)  to  be  set  to 
correct  time  if  necessary.  There  is  nothing  very  special  in  the 
whole  arrangement  (which,  however,  answers  its  purpose  admir- 
ably) it  being  a  simplification  of  a  somewhat  similar  device  devised 
and  fitted  by  him  some  years  ago  to  the  turret  clock  of  the  old 
General  Post  Office  building,  recently  pulled  down,  and  also  to  the 
turret  clock  of  the  Leeds  Post  Office  building. 

The  great  point  to  which  .Mr.  Kempe  draws  attention  is  this — 
that  as  a  turret  clock  when  fitted  with  the  arrangement  is  bound 
to  keep  time  with  the  regulating  clock,  no  matter  how  chenply  the 
former  is  constructed,  it  is  only  necessary  that  the  latter  should  be 
a  good  timekeeper  ;  and  as  the  latter  is  far  less  costly  than  a  large 
turret  clock  of  good  construction,  the  total  cost  of  the  combina- 
tion—  i.e.,  a  cheap  turret  clock  and  a  good  regulating  clock — is  con- 
siderably less  than  that  of  a  good  turret  clock,  whilst  the  facility 
of  regulation  is  very  great  indeed. 

In  later  issues  the  subject  has  been  further  discus-sed  by  a  number 
of  correspondents,  and  Mr.  Kempe's  letter  has  evidently  aroused  a 
good  deal  of  interest  in  the  matter.  Mr.  Kempe,  in  replying  to 
variou.s  criticisms,  points  out  that  the  "forcible"  mode  of  syn- 
chronisation which  he  advocates  is  used  in  the  caie  of  the  Baudot, 
Hughes,  and  Delaney  telegraph  systcins,  and  is  in  fact  the  only 
possible  way  of  obtaining  uniformity  of  running  in  such  cases. 


GOODS    AT    OWNER'S    RISK. 


[kuom  a  legal  contributor.] 


It  is  not  often  that  the  trader  is  able  to  point  the  finger  of 
scorn  at  a  railway  company  on  the  ground  that  it  has  been 
worsted  in  a  dispute  in  the  Courts.  "Without  in  any  way 
presirming  upon  the  position  which  it  occupies  as  having  a 
virtual  monopoly  in  certain  forms  of  traffic,  the  railway 
company  generally  manages  to  assume  a  position  of  vantage 
when  litigation  takes  place.  The  case  of  Western  Electric 
Co.  r.  Great  Eastern  Railway  Co.,  however,  which  was 
decided  last  week  by  two  .Judges  of  the  King's  liench 
Division,  serves  to  show  that  the  railway  companies,  as 
carriers,  are  not  able  to  limit  their  liabihty  unless  they 
comply  strictly  with  statute  ;  and,  furthermore,  that  the 
fact  that  the  trader  has  not  asserted  his  rights  for  a  number 
of  years  does  not  by  any  means  involve  their  complete 
abandonment.     The  facts  of  the  case  were  briefly  these  : — 

The  Great  Eastern  Railway  conveyed  certain  goods  of  the 
plaintiffs  from  Antwerp  to  North  Woolwich  via  Harwich. 
They  were  injured  by  rain  on  the  train  journey  from  Harwich. 
In  respect  of  the  sea  transit,  there  was  a  bill  of  lading  con- 
taining a  clause  exempting  the  company  from  liability  for 
damage  arising,  inter  alia,  from  the  negligence  of  the  crew. 
The  bill  of  lading  was  in  the  company's  ordinary  form,  which 
would  also  be  applicable  where  goods  were  not  sent  at 
owner's  risk.  As  to  the  carriage  by  land,  the  plaintiffs  had, 
under  the  contract,  iieen  given  the  option  of  paying  a 
higher  rate  in  consideration  of  the  railway  accepting  the 
position  of  common  carriers.  The  County  Court  Judge  held 
that  the  agreement  was  not  just  and  reasonable,  inasmuch 
as  the  plaintiffs  had  no  optional  rate  on  the  sea  voyage.  He 
therefore  held  that  the  agreement  limiting  liability  was  void. 
The  Judges  of  the  King's  Bench  Division  came  to  the 
same  conclusion.  Mr.  Justice  Channell  said  :  "I  think  it 
extremely  unjust,  but  of  course  Acts  of  Parliament  which 
are  passed  with  the  best  possible  objects,  do  sometimes  work 
injustice  in  particular  cases." 

The  law  on  the  subject  is  thus  stated  in  "  Halsbijry's  Laws 
of  England,"  \o\.  -1,  p.  25  :  "  Every  railway  and  canal 
company,  except  in  certain  special  cas3S,  is  liable  for  loss  of, 
or  injury  to,  goods  in  the  receiving,  forwarding  or  delivering 
of  them,  caused  by  the  neglect  or  default  of  the  comjjany  or 
its  servants,  notwithstanding  any  notice,  condition  or  decla- 
ration given  or  made  by  the  company  Umiting  its  liability. 
The  company  may,  however,  by  contract  limit  its  liability 
for  such  neglect  or  default  provided  that  the  conditions  of 
the  contract  are  such  as  are  adjudged  to  be  just  and 
reasonable  by  the  Court  before  whom  the  question  may  be 
tried,  and  also  provided  that  the  contract  is  in  writing  signed 
by  the  contractor  or  his  agent.  A  contract  purporting  to 
limit  the  liability  of  a  railway  company  for  the  neglect  or 
default  mentioned  is  null  and  void,  unless  it  fulfils  two 
requisites  :  (1)  It  must  be  in  writing,  signed  by  the  con- 
signor or  his  agent  ;  and  (2)  its  conditions  must  be  just  and 
reasonable  (Peck  v.  North  Staffordshire  Railway  Co.  (18G8), 
10  H.L.  Case  473). 

It  was  held  in  1900  that  a  condition  that  goods  shall  be 
carried  at  the  owner's  risk,  the  company  remaining  liable 
''  for  any  wilful  act  or  wilful  default  of  the  company  or  their 
servants,  if  proved,  for  fraud  and  theft  of  their  servants,  or 
for  collision  of  trains  conveying  the  goods  within  the  com- 
pany's limits,"  is  reasonable  where  an  alternative  rate  is 
offered. 

Traders,  generally,  will  not  echo  the  sentiment  of  the 
learned  judge   that    the  decision  at   which    he    felt    ooili' 
strained  to  arrive  was  harsh  and  unjust.      In  these  days 
competition,  manufacturers  and  others  are  fairly  compelle 
to  send  goods  at  their  own  risk,  the  only  alternative  beir 
payment  of  rates  which  they  cannot  possibly  afford  if  a  profit^ 
is  to  be  shown. 


Bitterne. — The  South  Stoneham  R.D.C.  has  decided  to 
grant  the  request  of  the  Southampton  T.C.,  for  permission  to  supply 
current  in  the  parish  of  Bitterne,  where  the  Southampton  garden 
suburb  is  being  established. 


Vol.  72      No.  l,K5.t,  May 


l»i:».] 


T\\ 


ELR€TRI(!AT.    IIKVIKW. 


917 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

L'f'tert  rto  iv«d  by  ui  after  5  P.M.  ON  TomoAT  cannot  appaar  until 

the  folUywlng  uiwk.  CorreipomlMiUi  ihiuld  forward  their  otmnun':- 
cationt  at  thi  earliest  pouihle  momin'.  IVo  Utter  ran  be  publiiked 
unlet!  ttm  ha  •»  th  •  writir'i  wime  and  addreit  in  our  p  itteiiio  t, 


Water  Divination. 

In  the'  lelLcr  of  "W.  15.  H."  we  have  just  Lbc  usual  letter 
of  the  believer  in  (lowswiiullinf^.  'J'liere  are  lliui<^  ut  us 
twoSirs,  a  Mur(|uis,  and  an  I'iiiiperor.  I>ut  the  possession  of 
titles  is  no  mark  of  sjicicial  ability.  Wliat  we  want  \a  facts. 
What  and  where  were  Sir  Edward  Fry's  tests  ? 

If  coins  under  carpets  c;an  make  tlicmselves  felt,  what 
about  the  thousand  otlier  radiotictivities  which  may  come 
between  the  twij:;  and  water  or  dryness  below  ? 

On  what  scientific  advice  did  8ir  Henry  llarnian  make  his 
Horsham  failures  !'  Horsham  is  in  the  Weald,  a  faulted 
area  of  clays  and  sand  rocks.  I  once  obtained  easily  10,000 
gallons  per  hour  from  borint,^  at  this  place.  Frankly,  I  do 
not  believe  that  Sir  Henry  called  in  scientific  advice. 

As  to  the  late  Manjuis  of  Salisbury,  if  his  Hatfield  estate 
was  the  place,  this  is  in  Hertfordshire,  a  chalk  county  jiar 
excellence.  The  Amwell  springs  rise  out  of  it,  whence  flows 
the  Xew  River.  I  have  bored  many  wells  in  the  county, 
and  have  yet  to  make  a  failure.  In  short,  I  am  a  mere 
stratigraphical  hydrogeologist,  and  have  been  so  this  20 
years  or  more  ;  I  have  bored  in  every  main  geological  forma- 
tion in  this  country,  from  the  Crag  to  the  Cambrian,  and  I 
have  been  concerned  in  five  failures.  One  of  these  was  in 
the  fine  sands  of  the  Bracklesham,  or  similar  sands  in 
Hampshire.  There  was  plenty  of  water,  but  by  an  error  of 
judgment,  I  bored  too  small  a  hole  to  permit  of  the  uae  of 
a  suitable  sand  screen.  A  second  was  a  dry  chalk  borehole, 
out  of  which  we  made  a  success  after  all  by  boring  to  the 
lower  green  sand. 

A  third  was  a  boring  in  the  Kenper  Marls,  not  carried  on 
by  my  advice,  which  was  refused.  A  fourth  was  a  borehole 
specially  made  against  my  earnest  dissuasion.  I  had  fore- 
told that  it  would  be  dry.  The  fifth  was  a  boring  into  the 
Weald  clay,  which  the  owner's  purse  did  not  allow  to  be 
carried  through. 

Thus,  of  these  five  water  failures  only  the  second  was  an 
advice  failure.  The  fourth  was  a  success,  for  it  proved  the 
correctness  of  the  advice.  The  third  and  fifth  I  was  merely 
connected  with,  my  advice  being  not  asked,  and  in  one  case 
rather  brusquely  refused.  Is  not  this  record  of  the  failures 
out  of  hundreds  of  wells  far  better  than  the  "  blessed  "  rod 
of  Herr  Yon  Uslar,  who  makes  21  per  cent,  failures  with  an 
appliance  which,  if  of  any  real  jalue,  would  be  correct  every 
time  ? 

A  dowser  wa3  given  several  chances  on  an  estate  in 
Ireland.  Every  declaration  he  made  proved  a  failure.  An 
artesian  engineer  selected  a  spot  and  made  a  success.  Yet 
the  owner  retained  his  Ijelief  in  dowsing  even  aftet'that. 
And  such  as  "  W.  B.  S."  will,  perhaps,  retain  their  faith 
after  the  comic  opera  of  Guildford. 

The  folly  is  spread  by  the  daily  Press,  which  will  publish 
anything  of  this  rubbishy  order.  Were  I  to  send  accounts 
of  my  successes  to  the  daily  Press,  the  advertisement  can- 
vasser would  come  round  next  day.  But  the  dowsing 
charlatan  gets  all  these  Press  puffs  for  successes  in  areas 
I  where  an  experienced  man  would  not  hesitate  to  bore  at  any 
ispot. 

j  The  whole  of  the  men  named  by  "  W.  B.  S.,"  without 
any  disrespect,  cannot  be  named  on  the  same  day  as  water 
experts  with  one  little  white-haired  young  man  of  80  known 
to  us  all. 

Hjdrogeologist. 


Will  you  allow  me  to  add  a  few  words  to  this  contro- 
versy ?  When,  about  40  years  ago,  I  was  working  with  a 
firm  of  hydraulic  engineers  in  France,  I  had  frequent  oppor- 
tunities of  studying  the  "dowser"  and  his  ways,  as  my 
firm  made  a  speciality  of  supplying  water  and  boring 
artesian  wells.  There  are  two  types  of  "dowsers,"  one 
trusting  entirely  to  luck  and  the  illimitable  gullibility  of 
human  nature,  the  other  possessing  a  fair  knowledge  of  the 
configuration  and  a  smattering  of  the  geological  strata  of 
the  country  he  is  operating  -in.     Both,  however,  for  reasons 


ijcst  known  to  tlninK-lvcH,  arc  riuwt  unxiouH  to  k«^:ji  up  the 
belief  in  the  magic  power  of  their  craft,  ami  Htnui(.'c  to  Hay, 
on(!  KUCcesH  in  HajrcB  of  failunrH  Ih  K"""-''*ally  «ull'u;ieijt  to 
establish  the  reputation  (<f  a  waU>r  diviner  in  a  (linlrict, 
whereas  a  few  jiardonable  miHtakin  may  ofu^n  Hp<jil  the  buui- 
ncsH  of  un  engineer  who  knows  hiH  prof<  hhIom  ;  so  mut-h  for 
the  power  of  HuiHirstiticHi  and  the  cu»H(,dn<«H  of  human 
natiue. 

\\\ih  regard  to  the  divining  ro<l,  I  have  known  many 
rational  people  who  firmly  believed  that  such  a  ro<l  twisted 
of  its  own  accord  when  ap})roa<-hing  waa-r,  anrl  I  have  myeclf 
experienced  that  uncanny  feeling  at  first.  I5ut  I  am  sure 
that  the  motion  of  the  rod  is  sim|)ly  caused  by  tlie  muHclen 
of  the  hand  under  nervous  excitement.  The  "  dowser " 
takes  you  to  a  place  where  he  is  almost  certain  to  find  water 
under  the  surface,  and  tells  you  to  grip  the  rod  very  firmly 
with  your  hand  and  to  concentrate  y<jur  whole  min<l  on  the 
subject.  In  the  case  of  a  novice  or  a  highly-strung  person, 
this  is  sufficient  to  cause  a  slight  twitching  of  the  muscles, 
and  with  a  little  imagination  he  will  firmly  believe  that  the 
rod  twisted  of  its  own  accord,  especially  if  water  is  found. 
In  case  of  failure,  the  "  dowser,"  with  a  smile,  assures  yon 
that  you  are  mistaken  in  thinking  that  the  rod  twisted,  as 
the  divining  rod  can  never  be  wrong,  and  suggests  that  you 
try  again. 

The  testimony  of  people  in  high  places  is  a  very  poor 
guarantee,  as  it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  such  persons, 
though  acting  in  perfect  good  faith,  make  the  best  mediums. 

G.  A.  Niissbaum. 

London,  E.C,  Matj  26//;,  1013. 


Tlie  Mataal  Protection  of  Engineers. 

The  letter  of  "  Only  an  Engineer  "  in  your  current  issue 
is  not  untimely.  Engineers  in  general  will  have  read  it 
gladly,  and  will  thank  you  for  its  publication.  Something 
surely  must  be  done  ?  And,  of  course,  nothing  need  long 
remain  undone  if  the  members  of  our  profession  would  only 
realise  the  necessity  and  value  of  effective  organisation.  It 
certainly  would  seem  apparent  that  our  wages  and  working 
conditions  may  soon  differ  little  from  those  of  the  bench. 
And  from  the  employers'  standpoint,  why  should  they  ? 
But  the  existing  institutions  can  do  very  little,  I'm  afraid, 
since  they  are  so  obviously  allied  with  the  manufacturers 
themselves.  Nothing  short  of  a  strong,  independent,  live 
association  is  required.  And  the  sooner  we  form  it  the 
better,  is  the  opinion  of 

A  Birmingiiam  Engineer. 

Maij  2hlh.  191:i. 


Long-Range  Instruments. 

Kindly  allow  me  to  make  an  observation  on  a  letter  of 
Mr.  J.  W.  Record,  in  the  Electrical  Review,  of  May  0th. 

The  appearance  of  my  letter  in  your  issue  of  April  1  JSth 
arose  out  of  various  statements  made  by  Mr.  Record.  Two 
of  them  were  published  in  Ebclr icily  for  January  10th,  and 
are  as  follows  : — 

1.  "The  Record  ....  moving  coil  instrument  .... 
is  outwardly  distinguished  from  all  ...  .  instruments 
hitherto  available  by  the  extraordinary  length  of  its  scale." 

2.  " .  .  .  .  a  number  of  years  ago,  Mr.  B.  Davies  intro- 
duced a  long-scale  instrument  ....  in  this  case  it  was 
impossible  to  arrange  a  longer  scale  arc  than  about  180 

3.  "  An  advertisement  of  the  following  form  : — '  We 
claim  to  be  the  onhj  makers  ....  of  long-scale  instru- 
ments for  direct  current.  All  other  long-scale  instruments 
are  for  alternating  current  and  will  not  work  on  direct  cur- 
rent." 

j\[r.  Record  does  not  mean  to  be  inaccurate,  but  anyone 
reading  my  previous  letter  will  see  that  all  of  the  quoted 
statements  are  incorrect. 

liloreover,  the  third  statement  is  erroneous  in  a  twofold 
sense.  Thus,  Messrs.  .lohnson  i  Phillips  have  produced  an 
excellent  long-scale  instrument  of  negligible  inductance  and 
of  the  true  root-mean-square  type.  Besides,  we  have  still 
with  us  our  good  old  friend  of  the  same  type,  viz  .  the 
Cardew  meter.  These  instruments  n-ill  "  work  on  direct 
current." 


918 


THE    ELECTRICAL   EEVTEW, 


[Vol. 


No.  1,85:!,  May  30,  1913. 


The  burden  of  my  previous  letter  was  the  "  long  range." 
This  Mr.  Record  entirely  evaded  in  his  letter.  He  will 
therefore  recognise,  I  am  sure,  the  obvious  necessity  of 
quoting  in  detail  his  own  statements,  so  as  to  bring  them 
face  to  face  with  facts — facts  easily  accessible  to  all. 

But  for  the  quoted  statements  and  the  fact  that  some 
months  prior  to  the  appearance  of  Mr.  Record's  instru- 
ments Messrs.  (iambrell  Bros,  i-  Cj.  had  undertaken  the 
manufacture  of  the  180;^  instrunen'^,  my  letter  would  not 
have  been  written. 

As  to  Mr.  Record's  quite  legitimate  and  snbstantial 
thrust  that  the  writer  had  "  twenty  years'  start,"  it  may  be 
said  with  a  high  degree  of  probability  that  had  Mr.  Record 
tried  his  hand  at  that  date  his  experience  would  have  been 
the  same  as  mine. 


BOARD    OF    TRADE    REGULATIONS    FOR 
OVERHEAD    LINES. 


Enfield,  May  ioih,  1913. 


B.  Davies. 


Electric  Lighting  Fittings. 

After  reading  "  D.  A.  AV.'s "  attack  on  indirect 
lighting,  one  feels  that  his  knowledge  is  even  more 
ancient  than  the  obsolete  type  of  fittings  to  which  he  refers. 
We  are  all  quite  prepared  to  admit  that  the  old  type  of 
inverted  fittings  were  most  inefficient,  especially  as  most  of 
them  were  installed  when  the  use  of  carbon  lamps  was  in 
vogue. 

At  the  present  time,  however,  with  indirect  lighting 
fittings  supplied  by  firms  making  a  speciality  of  thus  form  of 
lighting,  and  containing  efficient  forms  of  reflectors  suitable 
for  every  condition,  the  results  are  entirely  different,  and,  in 
fact,  although  the  actual  current  consumption  for  measured 
foot-candles  may  be  rather  higher  compared  with  direct 
lighting,  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  there  is  very  little 
difiference  in  eflSciency  when  taking  what  may  be  called 
"  visual  activity  "  into  consideration,  as  owing  to  there 
being  no  bright  sources  of  light  in  the  line  of  vision,  the 
eye  is  enabled  to  work  at  its  fullest  aperture  without  strain 
of  any  kind,  and  one  is  therefore  able  to  see  as  well  with  a 
lower  candle-power  than  would  be  required  for  direct 
lighting. 

Then,  again,  your  correspondent  would  appear  to  assume 
that  with  indirect  lighting,  it  is  not  possible  to  direct  light 
where  it  is  wanted,  and  thus  again  displays  his  ignorance,  as 
with  the  correct  type  of  reflectors,  and  the  proper  chain 
lengths,  it  is  possible  to  throw  me)st  of  the  light  on  the 
actual  working  plane,  and  further,  he  infers  that  indirect 
fittings  are  necessarily  ugly  ;  but  if  he  will  refer  to  some  of 
the  lists  now  sent  out,  he  will  see  that  this  is  the  reverse  of 
the  case,  many  of  them  being  of  the  most  ornamental 
appearance. 

The  writer  is  quite  ready  to  admit  that  he  was  not  pre- 
pared to  encourage  indirect  lighting  fittings  as  recently  as 
two  years  ago,  but  since  then,  with  the  improvement  in 
fittings  now  on  the  market,  his  opinions  have  been  entirely 
altered. 

In  the  course  of  his  business,  the  writer  has  to  put  forward 
various  forms  of  direct  light  in  addition  to  indirect  lighting, 
and  whilst  both  have  their  own  field,  at  the  same  time,  indirect 
lighting  has  many  advantages,  amongst  them  being  greatly 
increased  visual  comfort,  owing  to -there  lacing  practically  no 
shadows,  and  it  is  impossible  to  get  in  one's  own  light,  with 
the  further  advantage,  in  these  days  of  highly  finished  papers, 
that,  with  indirect  lighting,  the  glaze  appears  to  be  entirely 
eliminated,  allowing  one  to  read  or  write  on  such  paper  in 
absolute  comfort :  but  with  direct  lighting,  this  is  certainly 
not  the  case,  as  it  is  necessary  to  l-e  continually  shifting  the 
paper  or  book. 

R.  E. 


Electric     Stecring-ffear. — A    method    of    controlling 

electric  motors  UFed  for  operating  ordnance,  steerinu-gear.  swing 
bridges,  kc,  is  described  in  Patent  Xo.  1.901  of  1912,  issned  to  A. 
Martin  and  others.  A  rotatable  resistance  box  is  geared  to  the  driven 
apparatus,  so  that  when  the  contact  arm  is  moved,  and  the 
apparatus  is  set  in  motion,  the  box  follows  the  arm  until  the  latter 
stands  at  the  "off"  position,  when  the  motor  comes  to  rest.  The 
rheostat  is  arranged  to  act  on  the  fields  of  both  the  dynamo  and 
the  motor,  so  as  to  reverse  the  direction  of  the  latter  without 
affecting  the  direction  of  the  former. 


The  following  regulations  have  been  issned  for  pressures  exccedin 
medium-pressure  continuous  current  and  low-pressure  alternatinj 
current  : — 

^vp}ily.—  \.    The    supply   will   be  transmitted  at    a    i 
presture  of  —  volta. 

Condurtonf. — 2.  The  conductors  will  be  of  hard-drawn  coppei 
wire  or  aluminium. 

3.  Hard-drawn  copper  wire  conductors  will  have  a  breaking  load 
of  not  less  than  24  tons  per  sq.  in,,  and  on  breaking  the  elongation 
will  not  be  less  than  2  per  cent,  in  a  length  of  10  in.  Aluminium 
conductors  will  have  a  breaking  load  of  not  less  than  12  tons  per  . 
sq.  in.,  and  on  breaking,  the  elongation  will  not  be  less  than  3  pet 
cent,  in  a  length  of  10  in. 

4.  The  minimum  sag  of  the  conductor  will  be  regulated  to  giT( 
a  stress  due  to  its  weight  and  to  wind  (but  excluding  its  elasticity] 
of  not  more  than  one-fifth  of  the  breaking  load,  at  a  temperatr 
of  22°  F.  Wind  pressure  will  be  taken  at  2.5  lb.  per  sq.  ft.,  and  thd 
effective  a-ea  of  the  conductor  will  be  taken  as  0'<)  of  the  diameta 
multiplied  into  the  length. 

5.  The   minimum  height  of  any  part  of  any  conductor  from  tb 
ground  will  not  be  less  than  20  ft.,  except  with  the  consent  of  I 
Board  of  Trade. 

6.  Conductors  will  not  cross  any  building  other  than  a  sal 
stition  or  be  accessible  to  any  person  from  any  building  or  tte 
without  the  use  of  a  ladder  or  other  special  appliance.  When  tl 
conductors  are  so  placed  that  a  tree,  if  uprooted,  could  come  i 
contact  with  a  conductor,  an  earth  cradle  enclosing  them,  or  son 
other  precaution  approved  by  the  Board  of  Trade,  will  be  provide 
to  prevent  all  danyer  of  any  shock. 

7.  Conductors  will  not  be  carried  by  the  undertakers  across  th 
premises  of  a  consumer,  except  with  the  consent  of  the  Board  o 
Trade  and  subject  to  such  conditions  as  the  Board  may  prescribe. 

I'oles. — 8.  The  conductors  will  be  carried  on  poles,  either  (fl 
wooden  poles,  or  (//)  poles  or  structures  of  iron  or  steel,  hereinaft< 
called  steel  poles. 

9.  Each  pole  will  be  clearly  and  permanently  marked  with 
number. 

10.  Danger  notices  will  be  fixed  on  at  least  one  pole  in  five  an 
on  each  pole  at  the  crossing  of  a  road. 

11.  Provision  will  be  made  to  prevent  climbing  by  barbed  wii 
being  coiled  round  the  pole,  in  one  or  more  coils  of  an  aggregai 
length  not  less  than  2  ft.,  the  lowest  coil  being  at  least  8  ft.  froi 
the  ground. 

12.  Where  guys  or  stays  are  used  they  will  be  securely  anchore 
and  earthed. 

13.  A  continuous  earth  wire  will  be  carried  from  pole  to  pol( 
and  will  be  well  connected  to  substantial  earth-plates  at  intervaj 
of  not  more  than  five  spans  :  or  the  iron  work  on  each  pole  will  fa 
connected  to  a  substantial  earth-plate. 

Wooden  Poles. — 14.  The  poles  will  be  sound  winter  felled  M 
fir,  free  from  large  knots  or  other  defects,  with  the  natural  bnt 
and  will  be  well  injected  with  creosote,  or  they  will  be  of 
description  approved  by  the  Board  of  Trade. 

1,").  Single  poles,  or  A  poles,  will  be  used  for  the  ordinary  run< 
the  line.  Stouter  poles,  H  poles,  or  built  up  or  strutted  poles,  pri 
vided  if  necessary  with  stays,  will  be  used  for  terminals,  for  int 
mediate  anchor  poles,  for  important  differences  of  span,  and  fi| 
comer  poles  where  there  is  considerable  change  of  directii 
Ordinary  poles  provided  with  stays  will  be  used  where  the  directi| 
makes  a  small  change. 

16.  Poles  of  ordinary  lengths,  tinless  in  rock  foundation,  willj 
set  in  the  ground  to  a  depth  of  6  ft.  The  earth  will  be  wd 
punned  into  the  holes.  Where  necessary,  they  will  be  set  ] 
concrete. 

17.  The   factor   of   safety    for   the   poles   will  be  calculate] 
10,  for  a  wind  pressure  of  2.5  lb.  per  square  foot :    the   eff© 
area  of  a  round  pole  being  taken  at  0'6  of  the  mean  diametef| 
the  exposed  part  into  the  length  of  that  part. 

Strel  Pules. — 18.  Poles  of  tubular  type  wiU  be  painted  with  ^ 
paint  not  less  than  once  every  five  years,  and  poles  of  the  '. 
type  not  left?  than  once  in  every  three  years. 

19.  Each  pole  will  be  set  in  concrete. 

20.  The  concrete    below    the   pole   will    be    dropped    on  to| 
snbstantial  cast-iron  earth    plate  bonded  to  the  pole  by  a 
or  rod. 

21.  The  factor  of  safety   for  the  poles  will  be  not  less  th 
taking  the  maximum  wind  pressure  at  25  lb.  per  fiiuare  foot 
the  case  of  lattice  poles,  the  pressure  on  the  lee  side  will  be 
as  one-half  of  the  pressure  on  the  windward  side. 

Arnis.^22.  The  conductors  will  be  carried  on  insulators  mo 
singly  or  in    pairs    on   steel  channel  arms,  or    singly    upon 
brackets  fastened  to  the  poles  :  or   if  wooden  arms  are  used,] 
earthing  strip  or  stout  wire  will  be  fastened  on  the  upper  sidepif 
each  arm. 

Soad  Crontirig*.—  23.  Where  the  line  crosses  over  a  public  road, 
canal,  or  railway,  the  angle  between  the  line  and  the  direction  o'. 
the  road,  canal,  or  railway  at  the  place  of  crossing  will  n  •  l^'. 
less  than  i'iO°.  and  the  height  of  the  line  not  less  than  2.5  ft. 

24.  Where  the  line  crosses  over  a  public  road,  canal,  or  ra;.w»y. 
or  runs  parallel  to  it  at  a  distance  less  than  one  and  a  half  tinei 
the  height  of  the  highest  wire  from  the  ground,  it  will  be  erected 
in  a  manner  approved  by  the  Board  of  Trade 

Where  for  the  protection  of  his  electric  lines  or  works  the  Po«t- 
master-General    makes  requirements,   which,  in  addition  to  pn* 


Vol.  73.  No.  i.8f.:i,  mav  :to,  i9i:M        TIIK    K LKCTKK 'A Fj    lll'lVri'lW. 


l)H) 


tcotini;  thoHC  lines  or  workn,  afford  ample  proviBion  for  eecurlnff 
tho  Bafety  of   the  publio,  further  protfction  reed  not  bo  provided. 

2.'i.  ProviHion  will  b<!  uiudo  by  earthing  liruckctH,  or  wircH,  or 
other  device,  to  cnBuro  that  in  the  event  of  ii  failure  of  a  conductor 
or  of  a  pole,  tho  lino  will  bo  put  to  ourth. 

Gcnfral. —  2ii.  QalvaniHcd  iron  wire  uHod  for  Htayn,  cradleH,  or 
other  mechanical  purpoKcn  ;  (jalvaniHed  iron  bindiiii;  wire  ;  arm 
boltR,  nutM  and  waBhcfB  ;  stay  swivels  ;  truBH  and  brace  rodn  and 
truKs  tie,  tie,  and  brace  boltH  ;  fitay  rod  ti(;htenerH  ;  and  tcHt  piecop, 
will  conform  with  the  UritiBh  Htandard  hpecilication  for  Huch  mate- 
rial (Rritif>h  utandard  gpooiBoation  of  teleffraph  material)  bo  far  bh 
that  specification  is  applicable. 

27.  Tho  work  will  be  carried  out  80  far  aH  circumBtances  permit 
in  accordance  with  the  I'ost  Office  technical  inBtructionB  for  the 
conBtiuction  of  aerial  lineH. 

28.  Where  the  line  croBses,  or  is  in  proximity  to,  any  other  wire 
or  metal,  precautions  will  bo  tnken  by  the  undertakers  ofj-ainst  the 
possibility  of  a  conductor  cominp  into  cootact  with  the  other  wire 
or  metal  or  of  tho  other  wire  or  metal  coming  into  contact  with 
the  line  by  breakage  or  otherwise. 

29.  Every  line  includinpr  its  fupports  and  all  the  structural  parts 
and  electrical  appliances  ond  devices  belonpinp  to  or  connected  with 
the  line,  will  be  duly  and  efliciently  supervised  and  maintained 
as  regfards  both  electrical  and  mechanical  conditions. 

30.  Every  line,  including  its  supports,  will  bo  removed  on 
ceasing:  to  be  used  for  the  supply  of  enerpy,  unlefs  the  Board  of 
Trade  are  satisfied  that  it  is  to  be  again  brought  into  use  for  such 
supply  within  a  reasonable  time. 

Memorawhim  iinupd  tor  the  (jvidavve  of  applirntits  'for  the  consent 

of  the  JJoard  of  Trade  to  the  placing  of  electric  lines 

ahore  (/rmtnd. 

Every  applicatic  n  for  the  consent  of  the  Board  of  Trade  to  the 
placing  of  electric  lines  above  ground  should  be  accompanied  by 
the  following  particulars  : — 

1.  Where  the  undertakers  are  a  company,  or  a  local  authority 
supplying  outside  their  own  area,  evidence  of  consent  of  the  local 
authority  for  the  district. 

2.  A  statement  showing  commercial  or  other  considerations  why 
underground  cables  should  not  be  used. 

3.  A  brief  description  of  the  proposed  system,  including  the 
working  voltage  ;  the  kind  of  wire  whether  copper  or  aluminium  ; 
whether  solid  or  stranded  ;  the  total  sectional  area  ;  ten.?ile  strength 
and  elongation  ;  average  and  maximum  length  of  span  ;  minimum 
height  of  wires  from  the  ground  ;  name  or  description  of  automatic 
protective  device,  if  any. 

i.  A  statement  whether  the  supply  is  to  form  (1)  an  extension  of 
an  existing  system  of  underground  cables,  or  (2)  of  an  existirg 
traction  system,  or  (3)  an  independent  system. 

5.  An  ordnance  map  on  a  scale  of  6  in.  to  the  mile,  showing  the 
proposed  route  of  the  overhead  lines  and  any  existing  overhead 
lines.    The  sheets  of  these  maps  must  not  be  fastened  together. 

6.  In  the  case  of  high  and  extra  high  pressure,  plans  of  con- 
struction of  poles,  kc,  on  a  scale  of  about  1  in.  to  the  foot,  or  a 
reference  to  previously  deposited  plans  wh«re  these  are  identical 
with  the  proposed  work. 

Notes. — Oodes  of  Regulations  have  been  made  (l)  for  overhead 
lines  for  low-pressure  and  medium  pressure  continuous-current 
supply,  and  for  low-pressure  alternating-current  supply:  and  (2) 
for  pressure  exceeding  low  or  medium-pressure  continuous-curient 
and  low-pressure  alternating  current.  Regulations  will  be  made 
for  each  case  separately,  followirg  these  codes  unless  sprcial 
alterations  are  sanctioned. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  necessity  for  obtaining  the  approval  by 
the  Postmaster-General  of  plans  and  works  under  Sec.  14  of  the 
Schedule  to  the  Electric  Lighting  (Clauses)  Act,  1889. 

Board  of  Trade,  May,  lyl3. 


Lignite  as  Station  Fuel. — It  has  just  transpired  that 

the  Berlin  Electricity  Works  Co.,  whose  works  are  the  oldest  and 
the  largest  hitherto  equipped  by  the  A. E.G.,  recently  secured  an 
option  until  the  beginning  of  October  on  the  lignite  mines  of  Golpa- 
Jessenitz,  near  Bitterfeld,  and  on  various  Ed  joining  lignite  properties, 
all  of  which  represent  a  transaction  of  from  £).")0,C00  to  CatMindii 
if  carried  into  effect.  The  idea,  which  has  already  been  given  effect 
to  in  the  same  locality  in  connection  with  the  Jtuldenstein  station, 
which  furnishes  power  for  the  operation  of  the  Dessau-Bitterfeld 
electric  railway,  is  to  erect  a  large  steam  power  station  with  boilers 
using  lignite  as  fuel,  and  to  transmit  the  energy  at  high  pressure  to 
Berlin,  which  is  74  miles  distant  in  a  direct  air  line.  It  has,  how- 
ever, to  be  remembered  that  the  Berlin  Municipal  Council  possesses 
the  right  of  expropriating  the  Berlin  electricity  woiks  in  igi.'i,  and 
although  negotiations  on  the  question  are  proceeding,  it  is  un- 
certain whether  the  right  will  be  exercised  or  the  company  allowed 
to  continue  its  business.  At  any  rate  the  Municipal  Council  has  to 
decide  by  October  1st,  l!M:i,  whether  the  company's  concession 
shall  be  prolonged  in  a  modified  form  or  whether  the  city  shall 
purchase  the  undertaking  in  1915,  the  former  date  coinciding 
with  that  on  which  the  option  on  the  lignite  mines  will  expire. 
Nevertheless,  it  is  said  to  be  probable  that  even  in  the  event  of  a 
change  of  ownership  taking  place,  the  great  lignite  schtme  will  be 
proceeded  with  for  other  purposes,  especially  as  a  plentiful  supply 
of  water  is  available  from  the  river  Mulde.  It  would,  for  instance, 
be  possible  to  transmit  the  energy  for  the  supply  of  the  outlying 
districts  of  Berlin  and  the  manufacturing  works  situated  in  those 
localities,  whilst  at  the  same  time  the  Municipal  Council  is  thought 
of  as  a  possible  customer  should  that  body  acquire  the  company's 
works  in  Berlin. 


FOREIGN    AND    COLONIAL    TARIFFS    ON 
ELECTRICAL    GOODS. 

Amkndmemts. 

'  lUUTISFf  OT'lANA.— A  new  OnotomB  Tariff  which  in  to  retDain 
in  force  until  .March  illot,  I'.ill,  caving  new  Uki' lotion,  provides 
for  the  importation  free  of  duty  of  telepboneii  and  niBterialii 
neccBsary  ffir  tho  couMtruction  of  tclepboncB. 

DENMARK. — The  DaniBh  CuHtomB  AuthoritieH  have  iM»aed  a 
decision  to  the  itrect  that  protectors  for  electric  wireB,  t'-Iephone 
wircH,  .Vc,  made  of  phite  iron,  about  21  mm.  thick  of  varioni* 
lengths,  one  end  being  (ittcd  with  a  presHcd  projecting  collar  with 
a  perforation,  and  the  other  with  a  riveted  pin  to  fit  into  the 
hole,  are  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of  10  ore  per  kg.  (Not«  : 
100  ilre  =  l8.  I'.d.) 

GERMANY. — The  German  CustomB  AathoritieB  have  decided 
that  cable  silk,  '.'',,  raw  silk  for  the  inHolation  of  electric  wirea  is 
which  two  or  more  threads  (each  thread  being  once  twifited  ^  bre 
united  by  slight  torsion,  is  not  dutiable  as  Bilk  "  once  twisted  "  but 
as  "twice  twisted  "'  as  follows  : — 

Not  made  up  for  retail  sale  : 

Undyed  or  dy(d  white  120  marks  per  100  kg. 

Dyed  in  colourH  other  than  white  ...  140  .,  , 

Made  up  for  retail  sale 110  ,,  ,, 

FRANCE. — The  Board  of  Trade  have  received  information  to  the 
effect  that  in  future  a  commercial  traveller  who  desires  to  obtain 
temporary  free  importaticn  of  his  samples  into  France  by  depositing 
the  amount  of  duty  payable,  which  will  be  refunded  if  the  psmple» 
are  re-fxported  within  12  months,  will  be  required  by  the  I'rench 
Custc  nis  Authorities  to  have  in  his  possession  a  '  carte  de  legiti- 
mation ■'  or  certificate  of  identity.  These  certificates  are  obtainable 
from  Chambers  of  Commerce  in  the  United  Kingdom. 


PATENTS   EXPIRING    IN    1913. 


TnF.  followirg  are  abstracts  of  Electrical  Pateots  applied  for  in  16S9,  ^^lli^h 
expire  during  the  current  year.  About  9£0  electrical  Ccmi)lete  Specificalicns 
were  filed  durirg  that  year;  only  53  of  these,  however,  have  been  maintained 
for  their  full  term  of  14  years. 

214.  "Railway  signals."  M.  G.  L.  i>E  Fekbeiba  and  H.  J.  Irtce. 
January  4th.— Relates  to  apparatus  for  electrically  interlc eking  the  block 
instruments  and  mechanical  signals,  and  a  locking  niechanifcm  for  the  ccm- 
mutator  handle  of  the  blcck  instrument.  The  ringing  plunger  works  through 
the  spindle  of  the  ccnimutator  handle,  which  carries  a  plate  fixed  to  tte  ttange 
or  collar.  The  plate  is  torrocd  with  a  slot  and  totchcs  corresponding  with  tha 
differenii  positions  of  the  handle,  ihe  notches  being  adapted  to  receive  the 
locking-pin  on  the  lever  ai  mature  of  the  electromagnet. 

616.  "Electric  telegraphs."  A.  MriBHrAD.  January  9th.— Relates  fo 
arrangements  for  wcrkirg  tulmarineand  oihersjsttms  of  teltgiaihy,  titter 
singly  or  by  duplex  methods,  snd  for  trarslating  from  cne  cable  to  ano'her. 
Various  arrangements  are  desciibcd  of  ihe  ceil  Iccal  and  bridge  circuits,  when 
duplexing;  the  use  is  also  described  of  double  or  difletentially  wound  sipbon- 
rccoider  coils,  and  the  use  of  a  second  such  ceil  in  ccnntction  with  the  Itcal 
relay  or  tianslaling  circuits. 

517.  "rrinting-telegraphe."  C.  D. /bkl.  (Siemens  &  Halske,  Aktien- 
gefeilschaft.)  January  9ih— Relates  to  apparatus  available  both  as  trans- 
mitter and  receiver  in  printing-telegraphy.  The  apparatus  is  shewn 
diagrammatically,  and  is  too  complicated  for  abridgment. 

G35.  "Lighting  gas  by  electricity."  C.  Fbaxzes.  January  Klh.— The 
rotary  disk  or  other  gas  valve  and  the  incandescent  or  sparking  igiiiiirg  device 
ere  simultaneously  operated  frem  a  cemmon  elc  ctromngnet,  at  d  the  leads  of 
the  igniting  device  are  arranged  within  the  incardesceut  or  other  burner. 
The  wires  and  the  ignitirgdevice  aie  carried  by  a  glass  tube,  which  may  le 
easily  detached  and  renewed. 

1,134.  "Telegraphic  Apparatus."  8.  G.  Bbown.  January  21st.— Relays  for 
telegraph  systi  nis,  su-h  as  those  used  in  submarine  working,  are  arranged 
with  the  swingirg  coil  carrying  or  connected  to  a  tixed  arm,  or  fixed  and 
movable  aims,  which  bear  on  the  divided  periphery  of  a  rotating  dium,  ihe 
two  sides  of  which  are  arranged  in  the  divided  battery  circuit.  The  drt:m 
may  have  two  pairs  of  conductirg  disks,  or  mt.  y  be  arranged  horizontally  when 
it  is  undivided  ;  two  horizontal  drums  may  also  be  used,  feveral  airangements 
of  submarine  signalling  are  described,  the  esseniial  feature  of  which  crnsisis 
in  the  emplovment  of  an  inductive  resistance  havirg  a  cloied  roaguttic  field. 
The  resistance  may,  or  may  not,  be  adjustable,  ard  may  have  an  excitirg  cir- 
cuit to  bring  the  magnetic  core  to  near  its  saturation  point. 

1.862.  "Electric  telegraphy."  F.  Ebacs.  January  I6th.— Relates  to 
systems  cf  wireless  telegraphy  in  which  waves  of  low  frequency  are  emplcycd, 
such  as  are  geneiated  by  a  Leydeu  jar. 

4,124.  "Electric  stoves."  H.  J.  Dewsixc.  February  24tb.— Seveial 
elongated  incandescent  lamps  aie  situated  in  front  of  angu^arly-plaoed 
rellectors  of  bright  copper  or  otter  metal,  which,  with  the  back  of  a  caairg, 
form  triangular  channels  in  which  air  is  heated  and  ascciids  below  a  fcrward'y- 
inclined  top. 

4,i7G.  "  Dynamos,  regulating."  N.  Bbownk.  (Tirrill  Automatic  Potential 
Regulator  Co.)  February  i7ih.— Relates  to  automatic  potential  regulators  for 
dynamos,  in  wbich  a  regulating-resistance  is  suddenly  cut  in  or  cut  of  ihe 
Qeld-niagret  circuit  by  means  of  one  or  more  solenoids.  In  a  shunt  taken 
from  points  on  the  supply  mains  are  arranged  the  operating  solenoids,  an 
electrcniagnet,  and  a  resistance,  while  in  a  s upple met  taiy  shunt  taken  frrm 
other  points  are  arrarged  contacts  i  perated  by  the  solem  id  coies,  an  elrclrc- 
magnet  aid  a  second  contact  arrargt  ment,  operated  by  a  mrgnet.  The  shunt 
field  ciicuit  of  the  dynamo  ccntftins  a  resistance,  ard  its  teiminalsare  cot- 
nected  to  contacts  which  are  opened  acd  closed  by  the  ainiature  e  i  themagnet. 
When  the  potential  falls,  a  pair  cf  levers,  connected  with  the  solenoid  cores  en 
the  one  hand  and  with  a  spring  on  the  other,  cause  the  cloture  of  the  contacts. 
The  magnet  thereupon  becomes  energised,  and  its  armature  closes  the  other 
contacts,  thereby  short-circuiting  the  resistance  and  pioducirg  a  rise  in 
potential. 

4,801.  "  Electric  switehe?."  J.  H.  Holmes  and  F.  BBO.iDBgxT.  March  4ih. 
— Relates  to  resistance  switches  for  motors  or  for  circuits  where  it  is  undesir- 
able to  switch  on  the  whole  current  suddenly.  The  switch  is  so  arranged  that 
the  resistances  aie  cut  out  slowly  and  automatically  after  the  main  circuit  is 
completed,  and  means  are  provided  (cr  preventing  the  snitch  from  beirg  left 
in  improper  positions. 


920 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.         [Voi.  72.   No.  1,85:!,  may  mo,  1913 


5,657.  "  Wireless  telegraphy."  Q.  Mabconi  and  Wibeless  Teleokafh  akd 
BioSAL  Co.  March  15th.— Relates  to  improTements  in  wireless  telegraph 
apparatus.  The  transmitting-key  is  provided  with  a  long  arm,  so  that  the 
contacts  separate  by  a  considerable  distance  when  transmitting,  but  (all 
together  when  receiving.  The  contact  is  connected  to  that  radiator  sphere 
attached  to  the  aerial  wire. 

r.,'J3'2.  "  Telegraphic  systems."  A.  Pollak,  J.  Vibao,  J.  Eggkb  and  F. 
BiLBEKSTEiN.  March  18th.— Relates  to  a  system  of  rapid  signalling  (or  sub- 
marine and  other  work  in  which  the  message  i3  transmitted  [rom  a  perforate^ 
tape  having  two  rows  of  >bort  and  wide  holes.  The  message  is  received  by 
a  telephonic  receiver  or  an  oscillation  meter  in  which  a  small  light  mirror 
is  caused  to  rcllect  a  beim  of  light  on  to  a  photographic  paper, 

C,229.  "  Electric  telegraphs."  F.  H.  W.  Hiogins.  March  2Jnd.— Colour- 
printing  telegraph  receivers  are  arranged  to  work  with  Wheatstone  trans- 
mitters sending  alternating  currents.  The  line  currents  are  employed  to 
operate  a  polarised  double  electromagnet,  the  armature  oT  which  controls  an 
escapement  on  the  tvpe-wheel  shaft,  and  a  non-polarised  magnet  the  armature 
of  which  is  released  only  on  the  stoppage  of  the  current  to  effect  the  printing. 

6,319.  "  Posts."  Siemens  Bbos.  4  Co.  and  G.  W.  Pebbv.  March  23rd.— 
Telegraph  and  like  posts  are  steadied  in  soft  ground  by  means  of  a  steadying- 
platc.  through  an  aperture  in  which  ths  post  is  driven,  forcing  it  into  the 
ground,  The  plate  has  inclined  ribs,  and  the  post  may  have  a  shoulder  or 
collar. 

C,6S5.  "Primary  batteries."  R.  0.  A.  Heinrich.  March  23th.— Relates  to 
H-shaped  cells  in  each  of  which  is  a  liquid  electrode,  and  a  common  elec- 
trolyte. The  invention  consists  in  constructing  the  diaphragms  which  separate 
the  electrodes  from  the  electrolyte  of  two  perforated  diske,  either  made  in  one 
»ith,  or  fixed  on,  a  vent  tube.  The  space  between  the  disks  is  packed  with  a 
porous  material,  such  as  asbestos. 

6,8a.  "Ozone."  M.  Otto.  March  30th.— Relates  t3  apparatus  for  pro- 
ducing ozone  and  other  gases  by  means  of  the  silent  electric  discharge.  In 
this  cas3, between  fiied  electrodes  there  are  "movable  separating  disks  having 
alternately  conducting  and  insulating  sectors,  or  more  generally  having  alter- 
nate sectors,  such  that  whilst  one  sector  allows  discharge  to  p»s3  between  the 
electrodes  before  which  it  moves,  the  following  sector  interrupts  this  dis- 
cbarge, and  thus  automatically  prevents  the  dangerous  short-circuits  that 
might  otherwise  occur." 

r.,'J32.  "Induction  coils."  G.  Majicosi  and  Wireless  Tlle&raih  and 
Signal  Co.  April  1st.— Indnction  coils  ior  use  in  wireless  telegraphy.  The 
primary  coils  are  arranged  in  parallel  or  in  series-parallel,  and  the  secondary, 
which  may  b3  formed  of  one  or  several  sections,  arranged  in  series  and 
having  a  diminishing  number  of  turns  as  the  distance  increases  from  the 
centre. 

7,277.  "Electricity,  measuring."  H,  Abon  and  Abon  Electricity  Mf.ter, 
Ltd.  April  6th.— Quantity  meters  are  provided  with  clocks  for  automatically 
changing  the  registration  during  any  desired  times  in  each  day,  either  by  con- 
necting or  disconnecting  resistances  or  shifting  change  wheels  to  alter  the 
rate  of  the  meter,  or  otherwise  by  shifting  connecting  wheels  so  that  regis- 
tration is  effected  on  two  or  more  different  sets  of  dials  during  the  different 
times, 

7,370.  "  Railwiys.  &c.,  electric."  Leioh.  (P.  J.  Bprague.)  April  7ih.— 
Relates  to  the  "  multiple-unit "  system  of  controlling  an  electrically  driven 
train  from  anv  desired  point  on  the  train.  The  master  or  driver's  controllers 
at  eich  end  of  the  car  are  connected  by  local  wires  to  each  other  and  to  the 
motoreontrollars  and  to  the  train  wires  which  are  carried  through  the  whole 
length  of  the  train  by  prjpsr  couplings.  The  motor-controller  consists  of 
a  rheostat  cylinder  driven  by  a  pilot  motor,  independent  series-multiple  switch, 
and  reversing  switch  operated  by  solenoids,  throttles  and  a  switch  which  limits 
the  operations  of  the  pilot  motor  and  the  solenoids.  The  general  arrangement 
is  such  that  the  main  motors  are  put  into  series  or  multiple  by  manipulating 
any  one  of  the  driver's  switches. 

(To  he  continnedi) 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913. 


Compiled  expressly  for  this  journal  by  Messbs.  W.  P,  Thompson  &  Co., 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holbom,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  aU  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


11,158.  "  Mariners'  compasses."  Kelvin  4  J.  White,  Ltd.,  and  F.  A.  KiMO. 
May  IStb. 

11.160.  "  Section  insulators  for  overhead  electric  trolley  wires  for  tramways." 
C.  Willis  and  A.  J.  Bolsfield.    May  13ch. 

11.177.  "Telephone  exchange  system."  E.  R.  Corwin.  May  13th.  (Com- 
plete.) 

11,191.  "  Electric  indicator  table  for  hotels  aifd  the  like."  H.  Mtlo.  May 
ISlh.    (Complete.) 

11,198.  "  Individual  telephone  mouth-pieces."  C.  S.  Wabeen.  May  13th. 
(Complete.) 

11.206.  "  Devices  for  protecting  telegraph  and  like  wires  against  inductive 
action  from  neighbouring  circuits."  0.  Mai.l  and  P.  Kuscuewitz.  May  13tb, 
((Complete.) 

11,314.  "  Dynamo-electric  machines."  V.  A.  Fyns.  (Convention  date,  May 
13th,  1912,  United  tiUtes.)    May  13th.    (Complete) 

ll,2iy.    "  Fire  alarms."    J.  Stevens.    May  13th.    (Complete.) 

11.219.  "  Method  and  apparatus  for  the  electrostatic  separation  and  cleaning 
of  grits,  grain  or  the  like."  (Convention  date,  April  S9tb,  1913,  Germany.) 
May  13tb.    (Complete.) 

11,210.  "  High  frequency  dynamo-electric  machines."  Bbitisb  Tho::son- 
Hocsros  Co.,  Ltd.    (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    May  13th. 

11,243,  "  Electric  telegraph  stations."  Manoel  Cabral  dos  Saktos.  (Con- 
vention date,  May  14th,  1912,  France.)    May  14th.     (Complete.) 

11,245.    "  Securing  electric  lamps  in  their  sockets."    R.  J.  Borr.    May  14tb. 

11,250.  "  Receiver  bolder  for  subscribers'  telephones."  Q.  D.  H.  Ross, 
May  14th. 

11,267.  "  Regulation  of  electric  circuits  and  means  therefor,"  Siemehs 
Bbos.  Othamo  Works,  Ltd.  (Sicmens-Schuckertweike,  Germany.)  May  14tb. 
(Complete.) 

11,174  "Apparatus  for  regulating  electric  currents  passed  through  the 
human  body  or  through  electric  lamps."     E.  E.  Obeville.    May  14tb. 

11,275.  "  Sparking  plug  (or  igniting  charges  in  gas,  oil  and  petrol  engines 
by  low-tension  magneto."  A.  B.  R.  Pender.  (W.  G.  Pender,  Rhodesia.) 
Hay  14th. 

11,277.  "  Bearings  (or  electrical  measuring  instruments  and  the  like."  H. 
Abok-Ei.ektricitatszahlebi-aiibik  Q.m.b.H.  (Convention  date,  December 
14th,  1912,  Germany.)    May  14th.     (Complete.) 

11,298.     "  Electric  wire  (uses."    E.  Weissbebo.    May  14th.    (Complat?.) 

n.'^OO.  "Manufacture  of  alkali  metal  alloys  by  the  electrolysis  of  caustic 
alkalies  in  a  fused  state  and  the  manufacture  of  a'kali  metals  and  derived  pro- 
ducts therefrom.  "     E.  A.  Abhi  aorr.    May  14th. 

11,310.  "  Suspension  of  overhead  line  wires  (or  electno  traction."  Sac. 
Vedovelli,  Priestley  ei  Cie.  (Convention  date,  November  20th,  1912, 
Switzerland.)     May  14tb.     (Complete.) 

11,318.  "  Alternating'Cnrrent  commutator  electric  motors."  Siemkhs- 
BtHucniBr»ERKC  G.m.b.H.  Convention  date.  May  14th,  1912,  Germany.) 
May  14ib.    (Complete.) 


11,317.  "  Instrument  (or  testing  the  magnetic  susceptibility  or  permeability 
o(  magnetic  substances."     W.  U.  F.  Mi;rdoch.    May  15th. 

11,355.    "  Electric  switching  devices."    H.  S.  Hatfield,    May  15th. 

11*358.  "  Burglar  alarm  apparatus  (or  safes  and  the  like,"  H.  B.  Woolbtch. 
May  15th. 

11,371.    "  Wireless  telegraph  transmitters."    G.  Mabconi.    May  15tb. 

11,430.  "Rotary  magnetic  separators."  K.  C.  R.  Marks.  (Maschinenbau 
Anstalt  Humboldt,  German.)    May  16th.    (Complete.) 

11.440.  "  Containers  for  galvanic  cells."    E.S.Franklin.    May  16th. 

11.441.  "  Apparatus  for  measuring  high  voltages."    E.  Wilson.    May  16th 
11,453.    "Means   for  detecting    continuous    electrical    oscillations."    Mar- 
coni's Wireless  Telegbatii  Co  ,  Ltd.,  and  C.  6.  Franklin.     May  16th. 

11,470.  "  Electric  pocket  lamp."  Marcus  Weiss  and  W.  Jebges. 
May  IGth. 

11,500.  "Shears  for  cutting  wire  fences  or  obstacles  or  telegraph  and  tele- 
phone lines  and  the  like."  N.  Guleevitch.  (Addition  to  19,61911.) 
May  17th. 

11,5C3.  "  Mariners'  compasses."  Kelvin  &  J.  Whiik,  Lid.,  M.  B.  Field 
and  D.  Renfrew.    May  17th. 

11,500.  "  Svnchronoos  dynamo-electric  machines."  E.  Rosenbebg. 
(Addition  to  9,644,12  )    May  17th. 

11,633.  "Regulation  of  lifts,  elevators,  and  the  like."  D.  Tessiebi. 
May  17th.    (Complete.) 


PUBLISHED     SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messbs.  W.  P.  Thompson  4  Co.,  285,  High  Holbom,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps), 


Electric  Sionalltno  Systems,    R,  Hacking.     27,974.    December  13th.    (June 
13th,  1912.) 


1912. 

DvNAMo-ELECTRic    Altehnatino  -  ccRBENT    Machinert.      Akt.  -  Gos.    Brown, 

Boveri  &  Cie.     7,253.      March  25th.     (Januaiv  29tb,   1913.     Addition  to 

No.  4,460  of  1912.) 
Automatic  Toll  Recorder  for  Telephone  Systems.    E.  G.  Godlree.    7,264. 

March  25th.    (April  3rd,  1911.) 
Method  of  Regulating  the  Attenuation  is  Electric  Telegraph  and  Tele- 
phone Lines  Loaded  according  to  the  Pupin  System,  for  Vibrations  of 

Various  Periodicities.     F.  A.  Becker.     7,903.     April  1st.    (March  31st, 

1911.    Addition  to  No.  65  of  1911.) 
Telegrapbt.    E.  S.  Heurtley.    9,733.    April  24th. 
Manufacture  of  Electric  Incandescence  Filaments  or  Bodies.    F.  Hansen 

and  W.  F.  Mohr.    9,941.    April  26th. 
ELECTRICAIJ.Y-HEATED  APPARATUS.    E.  C.  R.  Marks,    (Landcrs,  Frary  4  Clark.) 

10,029.     April  27th. 
Electric  Impulse  Transmitters.    Automatic  Telephone  Manufacturing  Co. 

(Automatic  Electric  Co.)     10,120.     April  29th. 
Magneto  Current  Generators.    E.  Podlesak.    10,509.    A\m\  80th. 
Branch   Exchange  Telephone   Systems.    Telephonfabrik  Akt.-Ges.  vorm   J. 

Berliner.    10,364.    May  1st.    (May  Uth,  1911.) 
Telephone  Systems.    T.  G.  Martin.    10,376.    May  1st.    (May  2nd,  1911.) 
Electrodes  foe  Primary  or  Secondary   Batteries.    A.   Heil.    10,541.    May 

3rd.     (May  9th,  1911.) 
Electbic  Motobs.    Submersible  and  J.-L.  Motors,  Ltd.,  and  T.  L.  B.  Cooper. 

10,6)4.    May  4th. 
DvNAMo-ELECTBic  MACHINES.    Submersiblc  and  J.-L.  Motors,  Ltd.,  and  H.  B. 

Poynder.    10,655.    May  4th. 
Shade  Supports  and  Lamplocks  for  Electric  Incandescent  Lamps.    J.  N. 

Mollett  and  E.  E.  Edwards.     10,753.     May  6th. 
Electric  Heating  Elements.    Electric  and  Ordnance  Accessories  Co.,  J,  D. 

Morrison  and  L.  H.  Davies.    10,765.    May  7th. 
Adiustable  Electric  Light  Pendants  and  the  Like.     W.  Bcboles.    10,780. 

May  7th. 
Transmission  of  Electric  Energy  at  a  Distance  without  Connectiko  Wires, 

\tii>  A   New  System   of  Wireless  Sionallino.     B.   C.  Galletti.      10,663. 

May  7th. 
Electric  Circuit-closing  Devices.    Nalder  Bros.  &  Thompson,  Ltd.,  and  A.  F. 

Harris.     11,260.    May  11th. 
Electric  Water  Heater.    J.  Mann.    11,849.    May  18th. 
Portable  Electric  Light  Fittinob.    L.  A.  Williamson.    1S,1C2.    June  4th. 
Electric  Insulators.     M.  Meirowsky.     13,865.    June  6th. 
Intercommunicating    Tf.lephone    Systems.      Automatic    Telephone    Manu- 
facturing Co.,  W.  Aitken,  H.  Cooper  and  C.   Remington.    18,963.    June 

15th. 
Wireless  Telegraphy-.    W.  Dubilier.    14,015.    June  15th. 
Electric  Cable  Sheath.    Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.    (Western  Electric  Co. 

10,153.     July  lOlh. 
Electric  Controllers,  Starting  Switches  and  the  Like.      Siemens  Bros. 

Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  and  B.  G.  Payne.     16,343.    July  12th. 
Governing  Mechanism  FOR  Internal-combustion  Engines.    British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.    (General  Electric  Co.)    16,442.    July  lath. 
Signalling  on  Railways.    A,   T.   Blackall  and  C.  M.  Jacobs.    17,035.    July 

22nd. 
Apparatus  for  Transfobmino  Direct  Electric  Current  into  Alternating 

CuRBENT.     P.  Hildebrand.    17,846.    July  25th.     (February  Uth,  1912.) 
PaoTECTivE  Devices  for  Electric  Circuits.     British  ThoiusonHouston  Co. 

Ltd.    (General  Electric  Co.)    17,080.    July  30th. 


1913. 

Blow  Magnet  for  Arc  Lamps.    Korting  4  Mathieson  Akt.Ges.    818.    January 

6th.    (May  11th,  1913.) 
Telephonic  Transmitters.     E.   Qrissingcr.    2,928.    February  4tb.    (Divided 

application  on  No.  7,482  of  1312,  March  27th.) 
Protective  Device  for  the  Circuits  of  Electric  Motors.     S.  L.  Glenn  and 

British  Pneumatic  Railway  bignal  Co.    8,446.    February  10th. 
Electric  Motor-controlmng   Devices.     British   Thomson  Houston   CJo.   and 

H.  E.  Britton.     4,093.     February  17th. 
Devicks  fob  Re\-kr8ing  the  Direction  of  Running  of  Polyphase  Curbent 

Commutator  Motobs.     Bergmann   Elektriciliits  Werke  Akt.-Oes.     4,091. 

February  2«tb.    (.March  12th,  1913.1 
Portable   Electbic  Battery  IjAmpb.      H.  F.  Joel.     5,073.      February  2eth. 

(Divided  application  on  No.  6,170  o(  1813,  March  Is'.) 


THLJES 


BLEom^ic-A-Xj  :Ei,:Ei'vx:Erw . 


Vol.  LXXII. 


JUNE  6,  1918. 


No.  1,854. 


ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


Vol.  LXXII.] 


CONTENTS :  Juno  «,  1918. 


[No, 


The  AocesBion  of  Electrical  Enffineers  to  Parliament ... 

Payments  on  Account        

Postal  Electricians  in  Australia 

Whore  are  the  Honours  / 

Municipal  Parsimony 

The    InBtitution    of    Electrical    Engineers   in    Paris  {illuii 
{(•onliiiiii'tl)  ...         ...         ... 

Correspondence  : — 

The  Mutual  Protection  of  Engineers         

Heavy  Capacity  Lnmpholders  and  Adapters 

Cable  Discounts  

Legal 

Parliamentary  

Business  Notes         

Notes 

Two  New  Members  of  r.irliament  (iZZiw.)  

The  Sperry  Gyro  Compass  O^ws.)  

City  Notes 

Stocks  and  Shares 

Electric  Tramway  and  Railway  Traffic  Returns  

Market  Quotations 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies         ...         ...         ... 

Metal  Market. — Fluctuations  in  May      

Reviews 

Business  Methods  in  New  Zealand  

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  iillus.)      

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Royal  Institution  Discourse  and  Exhibition  {illvs.') 

Prices  Charged  for  Electric  Power 

Recent   Developments  in   the  Street   Lighting  of  Man 
Chester  (Discussion)  ...         

Patents  Expiring  in  191  :i  ...  

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications 

Contractors' Column       ...        Advertisement  pages  zxvi  and 


I,8S4. 

{'■go 

.  S»21 

.  922 

.  922 

.  923 

.  923 
) 

.  924 

.  928 

.  92S 

.  928 

.  929 

.  930 

.  931 

.  940 

.  941 

.  942 

.  94. S 

.  951 

.  9.52 

.  9.52 

.  953 

.  955 

.  9.55 

.  957 

.  969 

.  961 

.  961 

.  9f.3 

.  964 

.  964 

,  964 
xxviii 


TUK     ACCJKSSION      OF     ELECTRICAL 
ENC1INEER8    TO    PARLIAMENT. 


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THE    UNIVERSAL    ELECTRICAL    DIRECTORY 


(J.  A..  Bex>ly>a), 


1913  EDITION. 

H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4.  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  E.C. 


So.MK  months  ago  a  Itadiiig  article  appeared  in  this  journal 
wherein  the  view  was  e.xpressed  that  there  was  rcx)m  for 
more  electrical  engineers  in  Parliament.  Since  that  date 
there  have  been  two  by-elections,  in  which  gentlemen  con- 
nected with  the  electrical  world  have  played  a  prominent  and 
a  successful  part.  Mr.  .1.  C.  Denison-Pender.  the  member 
for  the  Newmarket  Division  of  Cambridgeshire,  is  well 
known  to  those  who  are  interested  in  submarine  cables- 
Mr.  G.  C.  Hamilton,  ]\r.P.  for  the  Altrincham  Division, 
served  an  apprenticeship  with  Messrs.  Pcott  \-  Mountain, 
to  become,  in  later  years,  a  director  of  ilessrs.  Drake  and 
Gorham. 

Here,  then,  be  two  members  of  Parliament  whose  intimate 
acquaintance  with  matters  electrical  renders  them  eminently 
qualified  for  a  seat  in  the  legislature — apart  altogether  from 
political  attainments.  In  the  same  connection  mention  may 
properly  be  made  of  Mr.  George  Balfour,  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Balfour,  Beatty  &  Co.,  who  are  engaged  in  tramway 
and  electrical  undertakings.  But  for  certain  happenings 
which  were  recently  brought  to  light  in  the  case  of  "  Balfour 
V.  Tillett  and  others,"  we  might  have  been  able  to  add 
his  name  to  the  list  of  electrical  M.P.'s.  He  stood  for 
Govan  in  the  election  of  December,  1911.  The  night  before 
the  poll,  at  a  time  when  there  was  no  possibility  of  his 
taking  steps  tp  refute  it,  a  rumour  was  spread  abroad 
that  Mr.  Balfour,  as  managing  director  of  the  Llanelly 
Tramways,  had  refused  to  recognise  the  men's  Union.  He 
lost  the  election,  and  brought  an  action  for  libel  against 
Mr.  Ben  Tillett  and  the  Daily  Record — a  Glasgow  paper. 
Before  it  was  heard  out,  the  defendants  paid  £1,000  and 
costs  in  settlement,  and  apologised.  Seeing  that  nine-tenths 
of  the  electors  were  working  men,  it  is  but  fair  to  assume 
that  the  libel  had  some  considerable  effect  on  the  election, 
although  it  was  not  contended  at  the  trial  that  it  actually 
cost  Mr.  Balfour  the  seat. 

It  is  satisfactory  to  note  that,  since  our  article  appearei?, 
two  members  of  a  great  profession  have  been  summoned  to 
the  great  Council  of  the  State.  "Were  we  to  attribute  this 
result  to  any  effort  of  our  own,  we  might  incur  the  censure 
of  him  who,  when  speaking  of  the  conceit  of  a  young  man, 
said  :  "  He  is  as  shy  as  a  newspaper  when  speaking  of  its  own 
merits  !  "  No  ;  the  satisfactory  feature  of  this  new  depar- 
ture is  that  it  is  a  sign  of  the  times.  Parliaments,  like  the 
races  of  mankind,  progress  and  develop  by  slow  degrees. 
That  progress,  although  slow,  is  sure.  One  hundred  years 
ago  the  Lower  Chamber  consisted  almost  entirely  of  land- 
owners and  lawyers.  Either  it  had  not  occurred  to  the  man 
of  business  to  enter  Parliament,  or  it  had  occurred  to  those 
who  were  in  possession  to  do  everything  tlat  was 
possible  to  keep  him  out.  .\s  for  your  Labour 
Member,    he   had    not    even    been   bom    or   thought   of 


[921] 


922 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [voi.  72.  No.  i,854,  juke  e,  i9i:t. 


But  look  at  the  House  of  Commons  of  to-day  '.  It 
contains  representatives  of  nearly  every  class,  creed,  and 
business  in  the  United  Kingdom.  The  piocess  of  evolution 
has  been  slow,  but  it  is  by  no  means  complete.  The  labour 
movement  which  commenced  and  developed  in  the  nine- 
teenth century  had  reached  an  age  equal  to  the  allotted  span 
of  human  life  before  it  began  to  make  its  voice  articulate  in 
the  Halls  of  Westminster.  Great  industries,  like  great 
movements,  must  exist  and  thrive  for  many  years  before 
their  position  is  thus  recognised  by  the  people  who  have  the 
power  of  the  vote.  Moreover,  to  pass  from  the  industry 
itself  to  the  men  who  make  and  mould  it,  they,  too, 
have  to  develop  before  they  acquire  the  knowledge  and  the 
leisure  which  will  enable  them  to  take  their  places  in  the 
Parliamentary  fighting  line.  The  head  of  a  great  business 
cannot  afford  to  neglect  the  routine  work  of  his  office  unless 
he  has  educated  a  large  staff,  to  whom  the  performance  of 
much  of  the  detail  work  can  be  safely  delegated. 

The  exigencies  of  contemporary  politics  make  it  necessary 
that  those  who  now  seek  to  represent  us  in  Parliament  shall 
belong  to  one  or  other  of  the  great  political  parties.  But 
knowing,  as  we  do.  the  type  of  man  who  is  singled  out  for 
leadership  in  one  of  tlie  greatest  of  modern  industries,  we 
have  no  fears  on  this  score.  Whether  he  be  Tory  or  Radical, 
the  special  knowledge  of  the  electrical  engineer  will  be 
at  the  disposal  of  the  legislature  when  questions  arise  which 
he  ia  well  qualified  to  answer.  We  are  persuaded  that  he 
will  now  and  always  be  an  ardent  exponent  of  the 
doctrine  of  Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  who  wrote  :  "  He  serves 
h's  party  best  who  serves  the  country  best." 


Payments  on 
Account. 


It  constantly  happens  that  in  the 
carrying  out  of  large  works  it  becomes 
necessary  to  provide  for  "payment  on 
account "  as  the  work  proceeds.  An  arrangement  is 
accordingly  made  whereby  when  a  certain  part  of  the  work 
is  done,  the  builder  or  contractor  becomes  entitled  to  a 
certain  percentage  of  the  contract  price. 

While  the  chief  duty  of  the  engineer  in  relation  to  a 
contract  for  a  large  works  is  to  supervise  the  work  of  the 
contractor,  it  is  by  no  means  an  unimportant  part  of  his 
duty  to  decide,  subject  to  the  terms  of  the  contract,  how  the 
contractor  shall  be  paid,  and  whether  he  is  keeping  up  to 
time,  having  regard  to  all  the  unforeseen  difticulties  which 
arise  in  the  execution  of  works  of  any  magnitude.  It  is 
proposed  to  consider  the  legal  effect  of  the  certificate  by 
means  of  which  the  engineer  usually  expresses  his  decision  on 
all  these  different  questions.  As  a  rule,  the  engineer 
authorises  the  contractor  to  be  paid,  and  otherwise  expresses 
his  approval  by  means  of  a  certificate.  To  save  trouble  and  to 
avoid  disputes,  the  contract  between  the  employer  and  the  con- 
tractor should  provide  for  a  written  certificate.  Otheiwise 
a  mere  verbal  statement  may  be  sufficient.  Thus,  to  draw 
a  legitimate  analogy  from  a  case  which  concerned  the 
building  trade,  in  Elmes  v.  Burgh  ]\Iarket  Co.,  1S91,  a 
contract  provided  thai,  :  "  The  contractor  shall  receive  pay- 
ment for  his  contract  at  the  rate  of  f  sO  per  cent,  for  the 
works  completed  on  the  surveyor's  certificate  of  completion 
and  the  balance  at  the  end  of  the  term  of  maintenance,  less 
deductions  that  may  be  made  in  accordance  with  the  terms 
of  the  contract  and  on  the  surveyor  certifying  that  the  whole 
works  are  in  a  complete  and  satisfactory  state."  It  was 
held  that  a  certificate  within  the  meaning  of  this  clause 
might  be  given  orally  by  the  surveyor.     Where  a  written 


certificate  is  expressly  required  the  contractor  is  helpless 
unless  it  be  forthcoming.  He  cannot  sue  the  employer  for 
the  price  of  any  ix)rtion  of  the  work  which  he  has  done 
unless  he  can  show  that  the  certificate  has  been  withheld 
by  the  engineer  acting  in  collusion  with  the  employer, 
subject  to  adjustment  or  re-adjustment  at  the  end  of  the 
contract.  The  mere  fact,  therefore,  that  the  engineer,  by 
granting  a  progress  certificate  during  the  course  of  the  work, 
appears  to  express  approval  of  that  which  is  already  done, 
will  not  enable  the  contractor  to  sue  for  payment.  The 
"progress  certificate"  is  sometimes  termed  a  "certifi- 
cate on  account."  In  some  forms  of  ilodel  Conditions 
sanctioned  by  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  it  is 
specially  provided  that  no  such  certificate  is  to  prejudice 
the  rights  of  the  purchasers  against  the  contractor 
or  relieve  the  contractor  of  his  obligations  for  the  due  per- 
formance of  the  contract.  It  is  usual  to  make  provision  for 
progress  certificates  by  saying  that  the  contractor  shall  be 
entitled,  upon  the  certificates  of  the  engineer,  to  payments  by 
the  employer  in  accordance  with  provisions  to  the  following 
effect  :  — (1)  As  the  works  progress,  80  per  cent,  upon  the 
contract  value  of  the  WDrk  from  time  to  time  delivered  or 
executed  on  the  site  to  the  satisfaction  of  the-engineer  ; 
(2)  the  remaining  20  per  cent,  (usually  termed  the  retention 
money)  in  respect  of  each  district  section  or  part  of  the  works  as 
follows:  — (a)  10  per  cent,  at  the  expiration  of  one  month 
after  the  employer  takes  over  the  works,  and  (//)  10  per 
cent,  at  the  expiration  of  nine  months  after  the  first  10  per 
cent,  becomes  due  under  (ff).  Payments  made  under  the 
former  provision  are  made  on  "  progress  certificates."  To 
avoid  any  chance  of  misunderstanding  as  to  the  effect  of 
these  documents,  it  is  often  wise  to  insert  a  clause  providing 
that  the  certificates  given  during  the  work  shall  not  in  any 
way  prejudice  the  employer  in  the  final  settlement  of 
accounts,  in  case  it  should  appear  that  the  contractor  has 
been  paid  too  much. 


Postal 

Electricians  in 

Australia. 


It  is  becoming  so  usual  a  thing  in 
Australia  for  the  wages  of  different  classes 
of  workers  to  be  regulated  by  the  State, 
that  it  is  no  surprise  to  find,  from  a  recent 
issue  of  an  Australian  paper,  that  pcstal  electricians  have 
applied  for,  and  obtained,  a  State  award.  Under  the 
Arl)itration  (Public  Service)  Act  of  1911,  it  is  not  necessary 
for  any  inter-State  dispute  to  arise  before  a  claim  may  be 
made,  and  it  was,  therefore,  only  necessary  for  the  Postal 
Electricians'  Union  to  formulate  its  wishes  to  ensure  con- 
sideration under  the  Act.  The  case  was  heard  by  the 
President  of  the  Federal  Arbitration  Court,  Mr.  Justice  ' 
Higgins.  The  award  does  not  exUnd  to  either  telegraph  or 
telephone  operators,  but  only  to  linemen,  battery  men, 
mechanics,  overseers,  inspectors,  and  these  engaged  in  the 
mechanical  department  of  the  telegraph  and  telephone 
branches  of  the  Post  and  Telegraph  Department.  Some 
of  the  claims  that  were  made  were  rejected  on  the  ; 
ground  that  they  involved  the  transfer  of  responsibility 
for  administration  from  the  present  responsible  heads.  The 
.Judge  declined  to  dictate  a  system  of  management  or 
administration  to  the  Department.  He  also  declined  to  ' 
allow  first-class  railway  fares  for  journeys  over  100  miles,  or 
to  insist  upon  a  seven-hour  shift  in  cases  where  continuous 
work  was  necessary. 

He  pointed  out  how  rapidly  the  work  of  the  Department 
had  increased  in  recent  years.  In  New  South  Wales  there 
were  on  December  :ilst,  1900,  45  telephone  exchanges, 
^,7.5.')  lines  connected,  and  12,197  instruments.  Eleven 
years  later,  there  were  353  exchanges,  34,5."»1  lines  connected, 
and  41,954  instruments  in  use. 

^Ir.  .Justice   Higgins  protested  against  reckless  liberality 
as  conducive  to  unrest  and  dissatisfaction  in  other  branches 
of  the  service  and  kindred  industries.     He  then  referred  to 
the  rates  paid  in  London  and  the  provinces,  and  remarked      ■ 
that  ?s.  here  would  buy  as  much  of  a  worker's  necessaries  as      I 
10s.  would  in   Australia.     This  is  a   useful  comparison  to      fi 
lx;ar  in  mind. 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,854,  JONB  6,  19i:i. 


THE  j-:Li':(rntiCAii  kevikw. 


•J23 


'I'lic  award  j^Incs  tlic  following  miiiimuin  mien  of  |ii:y  to 
iiiployi'S  of  tlie  (kpartineiiL,  wlio  arc  mcmliorH  of  Llic  I'oHtuI 
lllecLriciaiis'  Union  :  — 

Teleirrnph  or  tolophono  mo(;hanicH,  iililH  por  year  ;  oenior  meuha- 
nioH,  £11)8  ;  forenum  niechaiiiuH,  hiclucUiii;  foreman  mcchanicH 
in  electric  lijrlit  and  power,  t;20«  ;  cxchuiiifc  foreman  mechanic, 
iE228  ;  telephone  inHpoctor»,  £228  ;  inechaniciuiiH,  Ilubart  or  I'erth, 
i;2()l  ;  Adelaide,  uaoo  ;  Brisbane,  t':il2  ;  Sydney,  i::!2l  ;  Melbourne, 
£S2I  ;  cadetH,  niecbanicB,  or  junior  nicohanicH,  II  to  la  year»  of  ntre, 
CM)  ;  1.".  to  l(i,  £r)2  ;  10  to  17,  £(;->  :  1 7  to  IH,  £78  ;  is  to  I'J,  £yi  ; 
l'.»  to  20,  £101  ;  20  to  21,  £12(i  ;  2  I  to  22,  ClIO  ;  22  and  upwards, 
■:irA\:  batterymcn,  £l.i3  ;  foreman  batterymeii,  £186. 

It  wan  also  awarded  that  provided  it  was  i)reviou»ly  decided 
that  work  had  been  8atinfactorily  performed,  mechanice,  pcnior 
mechanics,  battcrymen  and  foreman  batt«rymen  should  receive 
three  annual  incremcntfl  of  <*'<  each,  and  other  classes  should  be 
.  iititled  to  Heheduled  increases  at  scheduled  times  as  the  Commis- 

■  iier  might  determine. 

Ivxcept  in  the  case  of  shifts,  a  week's  work  was  to  consist  of 
41  hours.  Overtime  to  be  paid  at  the  rate  of  time  and  a  half  for 
the  first  five  hours,  and  double  time  thereafter.  Sunday  duty 
time  and  a  half,  holiday  duty  double  time.  When  shifts  are  worked, 
eitrht  hours,  includintr  one  hour  for  meals,  to  be  the  limit,  no  shift 
to  be  commenced  later  than  1 1  p.m. 

Holidays  to  a  total  of  18  days  each  year,  exclusive  of  Sundays 
;i:iil  public  holidays,  to  be  allowed. 

Whenever  one  officer  temporarily  takes  the  place  of  another  who 
receives  lower  pay  than  himself,  he  must  not  suffer  any  reduction 
in  pay,  and  if  he  relieves  one  of  higher  status  he  shall,  after  one 
imonth's  service  in  the  higher  grade,  be  paid  the  higher  rate. 

A  cadet  mechanic  is  to  become  a  junior  mechanic  after  two  years' 
service,  or  on  attaining  the  age  of  18.  Every  cadet  or  junior 
mechanic  who  attends  classes,  or  joins  classes  conducted  by  corres- 
pondence, shall  be  entitled  on  the  recommendation  of  his  superior 
officer  to  a  payment  of  half  the  fees  as  they  fall  due,  and  of  the 
remainder  on  his  passing  the  prescribed  exumination  for  a 
mechanic. 

Other  clauses  in  the  award  permit  of  the  wearing  of  a 
iiadge  of  membership  in  the  Union  during  working  hours — 
a  right  evidently  much  prized  in  Australia — and  permission 
for  the  Union  to  display  notices  on  business  premises. 

These  provisions  seem  decidedly  more  moderate  in  tone 
and  temper  than  those  given  in  other  cases  where  electrical 
workers  are  concerned.  They  only  become  operative  30  days 
after  being  laid  before  the  Federal  Parliament.  A  motion 
in  Parliament  is  necessary  to  vary  the  terms  of  the  award. 

The  rates  of  pay  seem  high  for  the  class  of  work  to  be 
performed,  but,  as  stated  by  the  Judge,  the  purchasing  power 
of  money  is  less  in  Australia  than  here.  As  the  service  is  a 
public  one,  it  really  means  that  the  revenue  of  the  depart- 
ment must  be  so  arranged  that  these  rates  of  wages  are 
feasible.  In  the  end,  the  public  pays.  Up  to  a  ceitain 
point,  the  gain  in  efficiency  due  to  just  conditions  of  labour 
warrants,  even  in  an  economic  sense,  the  increase  in  working 
e.xpenses  ;  but  there  is  a  point — and  that  point  is  for  the 
Judge  in  such  disputes  as  this  to  find — beyond  which 
increased  working  expenses  bring  no  increase  of  efficiency 
and  only  result  in  making  .increased  charges  to  the  public 
necessary. 

The  provision  as  to  help  to  young  workers  in  the  matter 
of  technical  class  fees  is,  in  our  opinion,  very  good,  helpful 
to  the  worker  and  economical  to  the  employer.  It  is,  to  a 
certain  extent,  done  in  this  country,  but  there  is  still  room 
for  its  more  general  adoption.  The  National  Telephone  Co. 
gave  a  good  lead  to  our  own  Post  Office  in  this  respect. 


Were  we  to  come  down  to  breakfast 
..  i^I^o  ^.,  >  on  one  of  His  Majesty's  Birthdays,  or  on 
the  morning  of  one  of  those  other 
auspicious  occasions  when  Honours  are  announced,  and 
discover  that  those  in  authority  had  actually  awakened  to 
the  real  merit  of  electrical  and  other  engineering  men  and 
scientists,  we  should  fancy  that  we  were  still  under  the 
influence  of  the  visions  of  the  night.  As  it  is  we  have  no 
need  to  "  pinch  "  ourselves  to  find  out  if  we  are  awake,  for 
after  scanning  the  latest  list  very  closely,  we  are  moved 
bv  the  same  old  impulse  to  "  punch "  somebody 
ecHtorially,  which  means  that  this  Government,  and 
those  associated  with  it  in  meting  out  national  awards,  have 
been  by  vaccination,  or  in  some  other  way,  made  immune  to 
all  engineering  and  electrical  infections.  Maybe  the  Govern- 
ment is  sick  with  Marconi  malaise  or  telephonitis,  and  does 
not  desire  to  encourage  those  associated  with  these  matters 
in  any  way.  We  regard  as  little  short  of  scandalous  the 
•omission  of  a  number  of  names  of  electrical  men  who  have 
rendered  signal  service  '■-o  the  nation,  and  whose  honours  are 


long  (ivirdiic.  Of  courne,  wear(;grat*;ful  for  Huch  rccoj^nition 
n.s  we  (Ind  of  uum  who  hnvc  thoroiij^hiy  dcHcrvcd  it  in 
depiirtinents  uilied  to  ek-ctriciil  and  other  Hiich  effort. 
To  these  our  hcNirty  congratulatioiiH — but  we  profoundly 
wisli  that  then;  were  more  of  them,  and  that  they  w<Te  eler;- 
trical  leaders.  Tliew;  are  the  namcH  that  we  select  from  the 
list  announced  on  Tuesday  last  : — 

J'riiy  I'liiinrilliir  :  .Sir  Alfred  .Monil,  Hurt.,  M.I'.,  manai^inf;  dirm:U)r 

of  J'runner,  Mond  A:  do.,  Ltd. 
/Iiiniiii't  :  Archibald    Denny,   Ehij.  (a   pawt  preHident  of  the  Junior 

Institution  of  Knginccrn). 
Kniyhl  :  Prof.    .John    Harvard    Biles,    LI,.D.,    ancc«nor    at     Titanu 

inrjuiry. 
hnifihf  ..Robert  Bruce,  Est).,  C.B.,  Controller  of  the  London  Poittal 

District  since  190.",. 
Anight  :  Prof.  I).  A.  .Schiifer,  I'.R.S.,   president  of  the  Briti»h  Awso- 

ciation,  Dundee  meeting. 
Kiiiiiht  :  George  Henry  Smith,  Ek|.,  head  of  the  firm  of   Frederick 

Smith  J,:  Co.,  Ltd.,  wire  manufacturers,  Halifax  and 

Sal  ford. 
CJi.  :  Mervyn  O'Gorman,  Esq.,  Snperintendent  of  the  Koyal  Air- 
craft Factory. 
Iiiijierial  Seiiire  Ordu- :  C.  P.  O'Rielly,   E-q.,    Indian   Telegraph 

Department,   Deputy    Snperintendent   and    Honorary 

Assistant  Superintendent,  Allahabad. 


A  RKPOUT  in  the  /?/.s7<  Timit^  of  June 

„      .    ^  ;ird  of  a  meeting  of  the   Dublin  ("ort;ora- 

Parsiuiony.  °  ' 

tion  reveals  a  mental  attitude  on  the  part 

of  some  of  the  members  which  does  no  credit  to  their  in- 
telligence, though  it  may  throw  some  light  on  the  subject  of 
the  inadequate  salaries  of  engineers  in  municipal  employ. 
The  revision  of  the  scale  of  salaries  paid  to  the  shift 
engineers  and  switchboard  attendants  of  the  Electricity 
Department  was  under  consideration,  when  a  Mr.  Partridge 
proposed  that  the  matter  be  adjourned  until  the  case  of  the 
working  men,  who  taught  the  shift  engineers  and  switch- 
board attendants  their  business,  was  considered.  He  said 
he  did  not  think  very  highly  of  electrical  engineers,  as,  in 
his  opinion,  it  was  a  profession  adopted  by  men  who  wanted 
to  draw  wages  without  doing  any  work. 

This  egregious  deliverance  was  greeted  with  laughter  ; 
tears  would  have  been  more  appropriate.  The  Lord  Mayor, 
who  evidently  is  better  acquainted  with  the  facts,  said  he 
thought  engineers  and  switchboard  attendants  should  get  at 
least  £156  and  £104  respectively — it  was  only  a  clerk's 
wages.  The  question  was  adjourned  for  further  con- 
sideration, and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  in  the  meantime  steps 
will  be  taken  to  enlighten  the  members  of  the  Council  as 
to  the  duties  and  qualifications  of  their  technical  staff. 

A  report  on  the  revision  of  the  salaries  of  the  higher 
officials  of  the  department  was  also  considered.  A  Mr. 
Cosgrave  said  the  rates  had  subsidised  the  concern  to  the 
extent  of  £4."), 000,  and  the  ratepayers  ought  at  least  to  get 
back  their  money  before  the  salaries  of  these  officers  were 
increased.  Could  anything  be  more  paltry  ?  How  can  the 
Corporation  hope  to  see  the  business  making  a  profit  unless 
it  employs,  ani  pays,  th*e  best  men  to  control  it  ?  The 
aggregate  salaries  of  the  three  officers  concerned  amounted 
to  £1,.'">00,  and  the  capital  invested  in  the  undertaking  is 
£7r)0.000  ;  the  salaries,  therefore,  represent  O'l'  per  cent, 
on  the  capital  value — and  the  three  recipients  are  to  be 
penalised  until  a  profit  equal  to  30  years'  salaries  has  been 
made  by  the  department.  The  consideration  of  this  report 
was  adjourned  for  six  months.  Clearly  it  is  high  time  that 
steps  were  taken  to  protect  the  interests  of  station  engineers. 
The  Association  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers  may  well 
direct  its  attention  to  the  first  case  mentioned  above,  but 
cannot  deal  with  the  second  ;  however,  a  new  association  is 
in  embryo,  as  will  be  gathered  from  our  "  Correspondence  " 
columns  to-day,  and  if  it  is  formed  we  hope  it  will  prove 
effective  in  raising  the  status  of  engineers  in  the  eyes  of  the 
public. 

The  extraordinary  views  of  the  municipal  man  were 
further  illustrated  in  the  course  of  the  same  discussion,  when 
a  Mr.  Beattie  stated  that  in  1  it  years  the  ratepayers  had  got 
only  £0,000  back  out  of  the  £7r)0,000  they  had  investeii 
in  the  electric  undertaking.  "■  They  had  investeiV — cannot 
these  gentlemen  realise  that  the  ratepayers  have  not  invested 
one  penny  in  the  undertaking  beyond  the  £45,000  derived 
from  the  rates  ?  iileum  and  tuum  seem  to  have.  lost  their 
meaning  in  Dublin. 


924 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


Vo\  :2.    No.  \,B'4,  June  6,  1913. 


THE  INSTITUTION  OF  ELECTRICAL  ENGINEERS  IN  PARIS. 


{Continued  from  page  8H3.") 

During  the  visit  the  six  aerial  antennae  attached  to 
the  top  of  the  Tower  were  heard  at  work,  emitting  a 
crackhng  sound.  On  descending,  the  visitors  heartily 
applauded  a  brief  speech  addressed  to  M.  Eiffel  by  M. 
Berthelot,  expressing  their  appreciation  of  his  kindness 
in  affording  them  the  opportunity  to  visit  his  master- 
piece under  such  agreeable  conditions.  Many  of  the 
party  then  proceeded  to  the  underground  wireless  instal- 
lation controlled  bv  M.  le  Commandant  Ferric,  which 


CUc\i  du   Virateopt  Richard. 

The  Party  Leaving  Versailles. 

is  situated  a  few  hundred  yards  from  the  Tower,  and 
was  not  easily  found  by  some  of  the  visitors — for  even 
when  the  pit  through  which  the  connection  to  the  aerial 
is  taken  has  been  located,  the  entrance  to  the  extensive 
subterranean  department  remains  to  be  discovered,  and 
at  least  one  gentleman,  to  our  knowledge,  only  attained 
this  end  when  he  saw  the  other  visitors  coming  out  of 
the  ground.  To  attempt  to  describe  the  equipment  of 
the  station  in  detail  in  the  space  here  available  would  be 
a  hopeless  task;  but  we  may  say  that  the  apparatus 
works  on  the  "  spark  "  system,  with  generating  plant 
of  about  50  Kw.,  and  in  order  to  increase  the  range  and 
strength  of  the  si^mals  a  100-kvv.  set  is  now  being 
installed. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  Eiffel  Tower  station 
maintained  communication    throughout   the    campaign 


Photo  by  B.  Tho 


beneath    the   underground    chambers   and    flooded    the 
station.     The  present  equipment  comprises  three  sets 
of  transmitting  apparatus,  namely,  the  original  10  kw. 
plant,    which    is   still   used    for   moderate   distances;   a 
40-KW.    set,    with    Moscicki    condensers    of    0.7    mfd. 
capacitv  and  a  spark-gap  which  originally  consisted  ot 
zinc   cylinders   25   cm.    in   diameter    x    50  cm.    long, 
revolving  4  times  per  second;  and  a  10  kw.  set  .with  a 
musical    spark,    fed    with    alternating    current    at    600" 
cvcles   per   second   by   a   Bethenod  alternator,    with   a 
sjjark-gap  consisting  of  a  brass  tube  50  mm.  in  diame- 
ter and  1   mm.   thick,  having  its  axis  at  right  angles 
to  a  flat  copper  disk.     A  blast  of  air  is  driven  through 
the  tube  to  blow  out  the  .sparks  and  keep  the  parts 
cool.     With  this  type  of  spark-gap  pure  and  regular 
tones  are  obtained,  and  it  needs  no  adjustment  except 
regulation  of  the  gap.     Signals  sent  by  this  equipment, 
using  less  than  10  kw.  at  the  terminals  of  the  alterna- 
tor, have  been  received  by  the  Marconi  station  at  Glace 
Bay  during  the  night.     The  success  of  the  tube-and- 
dis'k  gap  led  to  its  adoption  for  the  40-KW.  set,  using 
a  brass  tube  20  cm.  in  diameter  and  1  cm.  thick,  \yith 
a  copper  plate  65  cm.    in  diameter  and  2  cm.   thick. 
The  spark  in  this  case  is  15  mm.   in  length,  and  the 
current  in  the  antenna  has  reached  60  amperes. 

The  antenna  consists  of  6  steel  cables,  suspended 
from  the  top  of  the  Tower  and  attached  at  the  lower 
ends  to  pillars  concealed  in  shrubbery;  the  middle  por- 
tions of  the  cables  are  effectively  insulated  from  the 
ends,  and  are  connected  together  at  their  lower  limits 
and  joined  to  a  single  cable  dropping  vertically  into  the 
station.  Abundant  provision  of  receiving  apparatus  is 
made,    and   the  equipment   also   comprises   all   that   is 


Tea  at  the  Tbianos. 


in  Morocco,  in  1908,  with  the  cruiser  Klcber,  which 
was  stationed  at  Casablanca;  thanks  to  the  great  height 
of  the  antenna,  a  power  of  10  kilowatts  sufficed  for  this 
purpose.  The  success  thus  achieved  led  to  the  develop- 
ment of  the  station  on  a  permanent  basis;  progress  was 
delayed  by  the  flood  in  1910,  which  burst  an  old  drain 


II 

''K 

. 

* 

'  *~'^'"$^{:&r 

-^^'^ 

Cliche  du  Verarcope  Richard, 

At  the  Aerodrome,  Buc  ;  M.  Bleriot  in  Centre. 

necessary    for    the  conduct   of    investigations    into   all 
branches  of  wireless  telegraphy. 

Laboratory  accommodation  is  provided  for  test- 
ing wireless  apparatus  of  all  kinds,  and  a  large 
number  of  military,  marine,  and  other  sets  manufac- 
tured by  the  three  French  wireless  companies,  were 
shown  in  operation.  The  spark-gap  belonging  to  the 
"  musical  "  installation  for  distributing  time  signals, 
meteorological  and  other  information  of  value  to  navi- 
gators and  other  professional  men,  was  set  at  work  in 
the  presence  of  the  visitors,  the  sparks  sounding  like 
pistol  shots.  The  enthusiasm  manifested  by  M.  Fcrri6 
in  demonstrating  the  capabilities  of  this  important 
station — the  official  international  centre  for  the  distri- 
buti<m  of  time — was  excelled  only  by  the  courtesy  aod 
good-nature  with  which  he  answered  questions  and  ex- 
plained apparatus,  while  his  staff  zealously  followed  his 
example. 

On  Friday  morning  Mr.  Duddcll  presided  at  the 
meeting  of  the  Congress,  which  was  devoted  entirely 
to  the  subject  of  electric  traction  on  railways,  continu- 
ing the  discussion  which  was  commenced  onWednesday. 
Amongst  ttosc  who  took  part   in  the  discussion  were 


Vol.  72.    No.  1.851.  Junk  0.  19i:..]  THE     ELECTRICAL     KKVIKW. 


'.»25 


Messrs.  Thiiry,  Gratzimillcr,  Latoiir,  Slingo,  Ma/cn, 
Ciirous.sc  and  I'arodi.  Mr.  Slingo  pointed  out  tliat  in 
England  the  telegraphs  were  more  liable  to  interference 
owing  to  the  high  speed  at  which  our  circuits  were 
worked.  The  adoption  of  the  central  battery  system 
for  the  telegraphs  in  London  had  overcome  the 
trouble,  thanks  to  the  higher  resistance  and  higher 
voltage  employed,  which  swamped  the  stray  currents. 
Alternating  current  harmonics  gave  trouble,  even  on 
perfectly  erected  looped  overhead  telephone  lines. 

In  the  iifternoon  a  special  train,  provided  by  the 
courtesy  of  the  Chemin  de  Fer  du  Nord,  conveyed  a 
large  party — some  230  in  number — to  Chantilly, 
whence  they  drove  in  brakes  through  leafy  avenues  to 
the  famous  Chateau.      They   were  conducted   through 


Bleriot  Aeroplaxe  about  to  Start. 

the-Mus^  Conde  by  the  curator,  M.  Berger,  and  were 
charmed  with  the  exquisite  works  of  art  which  it  con- 
tained, as  well  as  by  the  splendour  and  beauty  of  the 
shell  in  which  these  priceless  pearls  are  stored.  Some 
found  time  for  a  delightful  stroll  through  the  richly- 
vvoj>ded  grounds,  and  afterwards  drivi.ng  through 
Chantilly,  the  Newmarket  of  France,  the  party  rendez- 
voused at  the  Hotel  du  Grand  Cond^  for  tea  before 
returning  to  the  city. 

Saturday  morning  at  the  Congress  certainly  provided 
the  most  interesting  and  varied  programme  of  the 
week;  Mr.  Duddell  again  presided,  and  first  M.  G. 
Claude  delivered  a  lecture  on  lighting  with  vapour  tube 
lamps,  a'  subject  of  which  he  is  a  master,  and  which  he 
handled  with  inimitable  grace  and  humour.  After 
referring  to  the  discovery  of  neon  and  the  other  rare 
gases  of  the  atmosphere  by  Sir  William  Ramsay,  M. 
Claude  explained  that  he  had.  succeeded  in  devising 
means  of  producing  neon  on  a  commercial  scale;  the 
gas  was  particularly  suitable  -for  use  in  electric  light- 
ing, owing  to  its  low  resistance  to  the  electric  discharge 
— neon  only  requiring  .13  volts  where  air  required 
1,000  volts,  to  cause  the  discharge  to  pass. 

Unfortunately,  the  spectrum  of  neon  is  practically 
devoid  of  blue  rays,  the  colour  of  the  light  being  a 
rich  reddish  orange,  and  the  gas  is  extremely  sensi- 
tive to  impurities,  which  are  given  off  by  the  electrodes. 
The  latter  are  also  apt  to  .  volatilise.  However,  by 
using  large  electrodes,  and  absorbing  the  impurities 
with  charcoal  cooled  by  liquid  air,  M.  Claude  has  suc- 
ceeded in  increasing  the  life  of  the  neon  tube  beyond 
that  of  incandescent  lamps.  The  voltage  required  by 
the  neon  tube  is  one-third  that  of  the  Moore  vapour 
tube  lamp,  and  the  candle-power  per  metre  is  200  c.p. 
as  compared  with  60,  the  efficiency  being  0.6  watt  per 
candle  against  1.7.  The  light  is  physiologically  excel- 
lent, and  increases  visual  acuity  by  25  per  cent. 

By  using  mercury  vapour  lamps  alongside  of  neon 
tubes  the  excess  of  red  and  deficiency  of  blue  rays  can 
be  corrected;  M.  Claude  has  applied  this  correction  by 
placing  some  mercury  in  an  ordinary  neon  tube,  which 
then  gives  the  mercury  vapour  spectrum.  When  the 
correcting  tube  is  used  together  with  the  ordinary  neon 
tube,  the  result  is  an  excellent  white  illumination 
giving  colours  in  their  true  tints,  with  an  overall 
efficiency  of  0.8  to  0.9  watt  per  candle.  These  facts 
were  admirably  demonstrated  by  a  series  of  experi- 
ments, which  were  completely  successful  and  were 
extremely  effective  in  driving  home  the  different  points 
made  by  the  lecturer. 


On  lli<;  other  hand,  for  some  purpoM;.>>,  such  a.s  adver- 
tising signs,  the  orangc-rcd  light  of  the  neon  tub': 
alone  is  most  effective;  with  the  aid  of  his  colleague, 
M.  de  Beaufort,  M.  Claude  has  made  neon  tubes  of 
small  diameter  in  the  form  of  letters,  etc.,  with  striking 
effect,  and  some  of  the  theatres  in  Paris  employ  the 
neon  tube  over  their  entrances,  rendering  them  con- 
spicuous at  a  great  distance. 

Next  Mr.  Slingo  read  a  paper  on  methods  recently 
introduced  into  the  British  telephone  exchanges  for 
automatically  facilitating  manual  operating,  by  distri- 
buting traffic  evenly  over  a  number  of  operators'  posi- 
tions, improving  the  transmission  conditions  where 
several  call-wires  terminate  on  one  "  B  "  position,  and 
by  automatically  selecting  and  isolating  a  call-wire 
when  one  is  required  by  an  "  A  "  operator.  The 
experimental  equipment  described  in  the  paper  was 
installed  for  the  Post  Office  by  Messrs.  Siemens 
Brothers  and  Co.,  Ltd. 

M.  Charlx^nnel  briefly  summarised  the  communica- 
tion for  the  benefit  of  his  colleagues,  and  Mr.  G.  H. 
Nash  also  took  part  in  the  discussion. 

Commandant  Ferrid  followed  with  a  paper  on  the 
application  of  wireless  telegraphy  to  the  distribution 
of  time  signals,  explaining  the  methods  adopted  at  the 
Eiffel  Tower  station  for  dispatching  the  signals,  and 
illustrating  his  remarks  in  the  most  effective  manner 
possible — namely,  by  receiving  the  signals  sent  out 
from  the  Tower  before  and  at  10.45  a.m.,  and  render- 
ing them  audible  to  the  whole  audience. 

M.  Ferris  also  explained  how  the  time  can  be  given 
with  an  accuracy  of  1-100  of  a  second  by  the  "  method 
of  coincidences" — in  essence  a  very  old  device  cf 
English  origin,  and  familiar  to  the  workers  in  physical 
laboratories,  but  new  to  the  bulk  of  the  audience.  This 
was  also  demonstrated  by  a  very  pretty  experiment, 
and  it  was  explained  that  by  this  means  differences  in 
longitude  could  be  determined  with  great  accuracy, 
and  observatories  could  obtain  from  one  another  "  the 
right  time,"  so  as  to  tide  over  periods  when  bad 
weather  rendered  astronomical  observations  imprac- 
ticable. At  the  International  Conference  held  in  Paris 
in  October  last  year,  the  time  signals  were  reorganised, 
and  the  Eiffel  Tower  was  designated  as  the  centre  of 
the  International  time-service.  The  new  system  will 
come  into  operation  on  July  1st.  It  is  interesting  to 
note  that  in  communicating  time  signals  between  Paris 
and  Washington,  a  distance  of  6,000  km.,  the  time 
occupied  in  the  transmission  of  the  electric  waves  has 
to  be  taken  into  account,   bei.ng  of  the  order  of  0.02 


Photo  by  B.  Thomas. 

Aeroplane  Leavixg  the  Ground. 


secored,  which  is  not  a  negligible  quantity;  it  is  hoped 
that  this  period  will  shortly  be  known  so  accurately 
that  it  will  be  possible  to  compare  the  times  in  Paris 
and  Washington  to  an  accuracy  of  1-1,000  of  a  second. 

M.  Ferrid's  interestioig  lecture  was  followed  by  a 
brief  discussion,  in  which  Messrs.  Turpain  and 
Abraham  took  part. 

In  the  afternoon  the  members  of  the  two  Societies, 
with  many  ladies,  forming  a  party  of  about  300,  were 
conveyed  in  motor-omnibuses  to  \'ersailles,  where  they 
visited  the  Palace  and,  as  at  Chantilly,  were  charmed 
with  its  magnificence  and  the  beauty  of  its  contents. 
They  partook  of  tea  and  light  refreshments  at  the 
Trianon  Palace  Hotel,  and  here  Mr.  Duddell  took  th«> 
opportunity  of  expressing  the  gratitude  of  the  British 
visitors  to  their  hosts,  and  in  particular  the  thanks  of 


926 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW. 


[Vol.  12.     No.  1,8.54,  June  G,  1913. 


the  visiting  ladies  to  the  French  Committee  of  ladies, 
headed  by  Madame  Grosselin,  who  had  provided  so 
abundantly  for  their  entertainment.  M.  Berthelot 
responded,  and  toasted  the  lady  guests  with  a  cup  of 
tea,  in  the  absence  of  a  more  appropriate  fluid.  We 
may  remark  that  the  thoughtfulness  of  our  French 
confreres  in  providing  tea  on  many  occasions,  often 
in  addition  to  the  products  for  which  their  country  is 
justly  famed,  was  much  appreciated  by  many  of  the 
visitors. 

From  Versailles  the  party  proceeded  to  the  Aero- 
dromes at  Bug,  where  they  were  received  by  Colonel 
Renard,  and  first  inspected  the  establishment  of  M. 
B16riot,  who  also  welcomed  the  guests.  A  large 
number  of  Bleriot  aeroplanes  were  marshalled  on  the 
flying-ground,  and  ascended  one  after  another  with  an 
ease  and  certainty  that  left  nothing  to  be  desired.  Thi 
Government  flying-ground  was  also  visited,  and  various 
machines — Farman,  Esnault-Peltcrie,  etc. — went  up  in 
succession.  Often  there  were  seven  or  eight  aeroplanes 
in  the  air  simultaneously,  and  the  daring  evolutions 
which  they  performed  thrilled  the  spectators. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  M.  Berthelot  himself  was 
one  of  the  first  to  acquire' the  title  of  "aviator";  but 
unfortunately  he  was  too  modest  to  favour  the  visitors 
with  an  exhibition  of  his  skill. 

Finally,  the  motor-'buses  conveyed  the  party  to  the 
Gare  de  VersaiJles,  where  they  were  received  by  M. 
Claveille,  director-general  of  the  State  Railways,  and 
Messrs.  Mazen  and  Foucault  briefly  explained  to  them 
the  construction  of  the  new  electric  coaches,  in  which 
they  returned  to  Paris.  This  concluded  a  meeting 
which  was  full  of  varied  interest  and  will  long  dwell 
in  the  memories  of  the  British  visitors  as  a  most  enjoy- 
able and  successful  occasion. 

We  are  indebted  to  M.  Perrin,  director  of  the  firm 
of  Messrs.  Richard  Fr^res,  for  several  of  the  photo- 
graphs which  we  have  reproduced  in  the  course  of  this 
article,  and  to  the  kindness  of  our  confreres  of  La 
Lumtdre  Electrique,  as  well  as  of  many  other  friends, 
for  innumerable  courtesies  rendered  to  us  during  the 
visit. 


(Abstracts  of  Papers  discussed  in  Paris  at  the  Joint  Meeting  of 

the  Institution  of  Electkical  Enginebrs  and  the  Sociktb 

Internationale  des  Electeicienb,  2\st-2Ath  May,  1913.) 

(Continued  from  page  883.) 

Single-Phase  Traction. 

By  Moksieur  Marius  Latour. 

In  the  first  place  the  author  makes  a  few  general  observations 
in  regard  to  the  mechanical  construction  of  single-phase  loco- 
motives and  to  the  erection  of  overhead  conductors. 

The  tests  carried  out  by  the  Compagnie  du  Midi  have  been 
very  interesting,  because  every  type  of  motor  has  been  tried. 


Fig.  1.  Frcj.  2. 


Fig.  3. 


Fio.  4. 


The  motors  experimented  with,  excluding  the  well-known  West- 
inghouse  series  type,  have  been  :  (1)  the  simple  repulsion  motor 
(Brown,  Boveri)  and  the  compensated  repulsion  motor  (A. E.G.) ; 
(2)  the  series  motor  with  a  transverse  local  field  for  compensat- 
ing the  electro-motive  force  of  short-circuit  under  the  brushes 
(Jeumont)  »nd  the  series  motor  with  an  elliptical  field  (French 
Thomson-Houston   Company). 

The  simple  repulsion  motor  is  shown  in  Fig.  I.  As  the 
present  autlior  has  shown,  there  is  found  in  the  repulsion  motor, 
due  to  the  current  produced  in  the  short-circuited  coil  by  its 
rotation,  a  transverse  field  wliich  interacts  with  the  main  field 
so  as  to  give  a  synchronously  rotating  field,  thus  ensuring 
satisfactory  commutation  at  that  speed.  This  simple  observa- 
tion, which  previous  authors  have  overlooked,  has  settled  the 
future  of  the  repulsion  motors. 

At  speeds  above  synchronism,  however,  the  transverse  field 
increases  in  strength,  the  commutation  becomes  unsatisfactory. 


the  iron  losses  increase,  and  at  speeds  above  ^2  times  synchron- 
ous speed  the  commutation  of  the  repulsion  motor  becomes 
worse  than  that  of  the  series  motor. 

I  have  given  the  name  compensated  repulsion  motor  to  the 
motor  shown  in  Fig.  2.  This  motor  has  the  essential  charac- 
teristics of  an  ordinary  repulsion  motor.  It  has,  moreover,  the 
advantage  of  working  at  approximately  unity  power  factor,  due 
to  the  property  of  commutator  motors  with  short-circuited 
brushes  having  no  inductance  at  synchronous  speed  and  nega- 


o  #  « 


Fig.  5.     Fkj.  6.  Fic.  7. 


tive  inductance  above  that  speed,  even  when  supplied  with  simple 
alternating  current. 

A  series  motor  with  an  artificial  transverse  field  which  neutra- 
lises the  electromotive  force  of  short-circuit  as  happens  natur- 
ally in  repulsion  motors  at  synchronism,  is  ehown  in  Fig.  3. 
The  winding  h  can  be  connected  in  shunt  to  the  terminals  of  the 
motor.  If  it  is  assumed  that  the  comjjensation  in  the  motor  is 
provided  so  as  to  ensure  perfect  commutation  with  continuous 
current,  it  ie  clear  that  the  winding  A  should  carry  a  current 
90  degrees  out  of  phase  with  the  main  current.  But  the  wind- 
ing h  can  be  allowed  to  assist  compensation,  and  in  this  case 
such  winding,  in  addition  to  tlie  current  which  is  90  degrees  out 
of  phase,  will  carry  a  current  in  phase  with  the  main  current. 
If,  on  the  other  hand,  over-compensation  takes  place  with  the 
winding  C,  the  winding  h  will  carry  a  current  opposed  to  the 
main  current. 

I  have  given  the  name  elliptical  field  motor  to  the  motor 
arranged  as  shown  in  Fig.  4.  A  short-circuit  is  established 
between  the  point  g  of  the  exciting  winding,  which  can  be 
extended  for  this  purpose,  and  the  point  h  of  the  transformer 
supplying  the  motor.  Apart  from  the  ordinary  compensation, 
which  would  give  good  commutation  in  the  case  of  continuous 
current,  a  local  strengthening  of  the  field  can  be  provided,  as 
is  shown  in  Fig.  4  ;  it  follows  that  the  point  g  should  not  be  so 
far  removed  from  the  rotor. 

By  rubbing  surface  we  mean  the  contact  area  of  the  brushea 
on  the  commutator.  The  reduction  in  the  contact  surface  is 
the  important  feature  in  alternating-current  machines  pro- 
vided with  a  commutator.  It  is  easily  shown  that  the  losses 
on  the  commutator  are  a  minimum  when  the  losses  due  to  the 
current  are  equal  to  the  lossea  due  to  the  ahort-circuit  currents. 

Theory  shows  the  decided  advantage  of  a  high  peripheral 
speed  for  the  commutator.  To  obtain  the  high  peripheral 
speed  a  high-speed  motor  should  be  used.  But  high  .speed  re- 
quires the  introduction  of  gearing.  This  is  the  feature  of  the 
Jeumont  and  Westinghouse  locomotives,  ae  well  as  of  the 
Oerlikon  locomotive  at  Lotschberg.  Gearing  appears  to  give 
entire  satisfaction  from  the  mechanical  point  of  view. 

High  speed  is  not  in  principle  incompatible  with  any  type  of 
repulsion  or  series  motor.  But  it  so  happens  that  in  the  case 
of  the  repulsion  motor,  where  the  number  of  polee  is  determined 
by  the  number  of  conductors,  a  frequency  of  15  leads  to  a  motor 
with  a  small  number  of  poles. 

It  would  seem  to  be  difficult  to  obtain  a  pressure  between  the' 
segments  low  enough  for  large  powers,  but  the  arrangement  of 
having  two  short-circuits  has  been  suggested  (see  Fig.  5),  in 
which  the  brushes  would  be  placed  in  a  position  where  the 
pressure  between  the  segments  is  still  lower ;  and  I  have  also 
suggested  the  use  of  independent  overlapping  windings,  and 
especially  the  arrangement  of  two  overlapping  windings  with 
two  commutators. 

A  doubt  may  arise  whether  it  is  possible  to  arrange  for  a 
sufficient  number  of  sets  of  brushes  to  carry  the  current.  My 
arrangement  of  multiple  brushes  (see  Fig.  6)  would,  however,  at 
the  aame  time  do  away  with  this  difficulty. 

The  bad  commutation  of  repulsion  motors  is  often  wrongly 
attributed  to  over-synchronism.  Faulty  compensation  is  alone 
responsible  in  such  cases. 

The  inferiority  of  the  repulsion  type  of  motor  at  a  frequency 
of  15  appears  to  lie  in  its  weight,  and  indirectly  in  its  lower 
efficiency.  In  consequence  of  the  smaller  number  of  poles,  the 
repulsion  motor  requires  a  greater  amount  of  iron  ;  a  larger 
external  diameter  is  necessary,  or,  on  the  other  hand,  for  a 
given  external  diameter  a  smaller  bore  has  to  be  used,  thus 
leading  to  a  less  advantageous  utilisation  of  the  material. 

Whatever  may  be  the  frequencv  the  efficiency  of  the  repulsion 
motor  remains  in  principle  identical  with  that  of  a  single-phase 
alternator  of  the  same  frequency,  whilst  the  efficiency  of  a  series 
motor  tends  at  lower  frequencies  towards  that  of  a  continuous- 
current  machine.  The  difference  in  efficiency  between  the  two 
types  of  motor  is  tlius  appreciable  at  a  frequency  of  15.  ^ 

The  transverse  field  which  is  90  degrees  out  of  phase,  and  is    ->^ 
required    to    neutralise    the    short-circuit    electr6motive    force    * 
varies  directly  as  the  current  and  inversely  as  the  speed.     Sup- 
posing the  excitation  is  provided  by  constant  current,  the  result- 
ant field  of  commutation  is  a  function  of  the  speed. 

All  the  types  of  motors  to  whicli  we  have  referred  above,  even 
the  series  motor  of  which  the  auxiliary  pole  is  in  shunt  with  the 


Vol.  73.     No.  l,8r.4,  Junk  li,  IKI'l. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


:>27 


turuiiaals,  posscas,  so  long  as  tlioir  oirciuU  aru  not  luodiQod,  a 
transverso  ttttld  00  degrees  out  of  phane,  wliich  iucroiMini 
linuurly.  Aceordinuly,  llio  elcetromotivc  foi(;o  of  Bhort  circuit 
lau  only  bo  noutrivliHcd  satiflfactorily  for  a  eertuin  speed.  It  is 
tlierefore  quito  natural  to  think  of  adjuHling  llio  transverse  field 
according  to  the  speed.  Theso  wljuHlmento  can  bo  carried  out 
by  a  centrifugal  governor,  or  by  an  clectrieodynamical  speed 
device.     Conipliealions,   however,   arise   in    this  respect. 

It  should  bo  notice<l  that  the  presence  of  true  conimutatiug 
poles  in  repulsion  niolors  detracts  from  the  simplicity  of  their 
construction  and  couneetiona  as  compared  with  the  series  motor. 
If  simple  arrangements  could  bo  fitted  so  as  to  ensure  a  trans- 
verse field  suitable  for  all  speeds  and  for  offcctii'g  satisfactory 
commutation,  such  arrangements  would  then  bo  preferable. 
With  the  winding  A  of  Fig.  3  connected  across  tlio  terminals  of 
a  resistance  r  through  which  the  principal  current  of  the  motor 
flows  (sec  Fig.  7),  it  is  seen  at  once  that  the  tronsverso  field 
will  be  proportional  only  to  the  current,  and  will  be  independent 
of  the  speed.  In  other  words,  with  variable  speed,  the  commu- 
tation of  a  polyphase  series  motor  ia  eubstituted  for  that  of  a 
repulsion   motor. 

Whilst  the  use  of  a  resistance  may  be  practicable  at  15 
periods,  it  may  be  expected  to  be  ina<lmissible  at  25  periods. 

In  order  to  reduce  the  losses  in  the  resistance  it  is  convenient, 
a  low  frequency  and  narrow  auxiliary  poles  having  been  chosen, 
to  work  with  reduced  air-gaps,  high  speeds,  and  a  large  number 
of  poles.  At  a  frequency  of  15  periods  these  losses  can  be 
reduced  to  the  negligible  value  of  J  or  i  of  1  per  cent.     ^^ 


The  Electrification  of  the  State  Railway:  The  Paris 
Suburban  Lines. 

By  Monsieue  A.  N.  Mazen. 

The  State  railway  system,  formerly  the  Quest  lines,  serves  a 
very  considerable  portion  of  suburban  Paris.  The  lines  of  this 
system,  which  end  at  three  termini,  comprise  at  present  a  total 
length  in  this  section  of  about  500  km.  of  single  track.  This 
total  will  be  increased  to  800  km.  in  a  few  years'  time.  A  huge 
traffic  naturally  corresponds  with  such  a  large  development  of 
track.  From  the  point  of  view  of  the  niunber  of  outward  and 
inward  travellers,  the  St.  Lazare  station  is  by  far  the  most 
important,  not  only  of  the  Paris  but  of  European  stations.  Only 
Liverpool  Street  Station  in  London  is  at  all  to  be  compared 
with  it. 

In  addition  the  State  railway  organisation  has  to  suffice  for 
its  main-line  service;  the  system,  with  its  9,000  km.  of  track, 
brings  daily  from  the  ten  principal  extremities  more  than  80 
train  loads  of  passengers  into  the  capital  by  the  main  lines. 
If  to  these  the  number  of  suburban  trains  are  added,  a  total 
of  more  than  820  train-loads  entering  Paris  daily  is  obtained, 
■which,  with  the  outward  trains,  amounts  to  a  total  of  more  than 
1,640  trains  (in  and  out)  in  the  24  hours,  and  as  the  day  is 
made  up  of  1,440  minutes,  this  corresponds  to  more  than  a 
train  per  minute  entering  or  leaving  Paris. 

The  number  of  passengers  who  annually  make  use  of  the 
three  State  railway  termini  of  Paris  amounts  to  about  70 
millions.  Of  this  total  the  St.  Lazare  station  alone  accounts 
for  about  60  millions;  and  the  annual  increase  is  of  the  order  of 
2  millions.  The  permanent  vpay  and  everything  connected  with 
it  must  be  utilised  to  its  maximum  capacity.  At  present  the 
seiyice  is  only  made  possible  by  using  coaches  with  roof  seats, 
which  increase  the  capacity  of  the  trains,  but  could  not  be 
retained  in  a  modern  scheme. 

The  most  difficult  sections  to  work  are  those  in  which  trains 
having  very  different  speeds  (expresses,  fast  trains,  local,  and 
goods  trains)  are  run  on  the  same  track.  The  traffic  congestion 
does  not  allow  of  a  very  good  service  for  the  different  suburban 
sections,  and  the  speeds  obtained  are,  in  almost  every  case, 
insufficient.  For  the  local  trains  a  speed  of  25  km.  per  hour 
(a  speed  scarcely  greater  than  that  of  the  Metropolitain,  20  km. 
ner  hour)  can  alone  be  assured ;  by  the  fast  locals  and  fast 
trains  from  85  to  45  km.  per  hour. 

The  amount  of  rolling  stock  employed  in  the  suburban  service 
is  very  considerable,  in  spite  of  the  comparatively  small  number 
of  trains  per  hour.  It  comprises  about  1,500  coaches  and  200 
locomotives  which  represent,  together  with  the  necessary  work- 
shops and  sheds,  a  total  capital  expenditure  of  more  than  50 
million  francs.  The  utilisation  of  the  seating  capacity  does  not 
exceed  18  to  20  per  cent.,  and  the  weight  moved  is"  obviously 
very  great  (1,500  million  ton-kilometres  per  year).  The  final 
outcome  from  the  financial  point  of  view  is  a  large  deficit,  which 
will  go  on  increasing  unless  stringent  measures  are  taken  for 
improving  the  service  as  a  whole,  while  providing  for  a  great 
increase  in  traffic. 

At  a  terminus  the  necessity  of  making  two,  three,  or  four 
movements  for  every  train  coming  in  or  going  out  blocks  the 
exit  roads  and  undoubtedly  increases  the  chances  of  accident. 
To  increase  the  capacity  of  the  terminus  and  its  platforms,  it  is 
absolutely  necessary  to  decrease  the  number  of  these  movements 
by  preventing  the  transfer  of  the  locomotive  from  the  back  to 
the  front  of  the  train,  by  equipping  the  train  in  such  a  manner 
that  it  can  be  driven  either  from  the  front  or  from  the  rear. 

With   electric  traction   all   requirements   are   satisfied.       The 

system  of  multiple-unit  control  allows  of  all  the  electric  motors 

driving  the   axles  of  the  train  to  be  worked  from   either  end. 

^  Further,  by  distributing  the  electric  motors  among  the  different 

j  carriages  of  the  train  a  large  adhesive  weight  is  available  allow- 

I         in^  rapid  acceleration,  which  permits  of  the  trains  getting  away 

quickly  from  the  platforms,  increasing  their  capacity. 


The  considerublc  experience  obtained  in  the  uao  of  8t<  aiu 
traction  hIiowh  tliut  it  is  UBelcnx  to  try  to  ezcuo^l  a,  tnaiirrium 
of  1U,U00  to  I'J.OOt)  piiHSCMgcrs  per  liour  with  cnrriugei  wit.tioul 
top  seats,  oil  a  two  tnuk  line  with  frequent  MlopH.  With  electric 
traction,  with  carriagus  'i  m.  wide,  and  22  in.  long,  and  assum- 
ing eight  carriages  jier  train,  the  enormouR  figure  of  4U,U0O 
pumeiigera  per  hour  is  reu<.-hed,  or,  eonsKlenng  seats  only  (no 
standing),  that  of  20,(M0  passengers  per  hour. 

The  conclusion  is  therefore  arrived  at  that  electric  traction, 
with  its  rapid  uccelerutioii,  allows  of  the  time  taken  on  Itio 
journey  being  so  diminished  as  to  double  the  capacity  of  the 
line.  It  moreover  eliminates  train  movements  and  reduces  the 
number  of  platforms  at  the  termini  necessary  for  a  given 
service. 

To  obtain  the  precding  figures  it  must  clearly  bo  understood 
that  each  section  of  the  line  under  consideration  would  be  used 
only  by  suburban  trains  running  at  the  same  speed.  This  im- 
plies that  trains  of  different  speeds  shall  travel  on  separate 
tracks. 

No  section  of  a  steam  line  can  deal  with  more  than  100  trains 
in  each  direction  per  day,  whilst  it  is  agreed  that  on  electrified 
lines  this  figure  may  reach  350. 

The  electrified  line  from  the  Invalides  to  Versailles  has  shown 
traffic  increa-ses  of  12  to  1.3  per  cent,  per  year,  while  the  other 
steam  lines  showed  increases  of  barely  2  or  3  per  cent. 

A  single  type  of  electric  carriage  has  been  adopted,  consist- 
ing of  guard's  van  and  first  and  second  class  compartments. 
This  coach  can  carry  100,  including  straphangers.  During  much 
of  the  time  the  service  will  be  carried  on  by  siugle-eoach  trains, 
the  number  of  seats  being  amply  sufficient  at  such  hours.  Dur- 
ing the  time  of  heavier  traffic  and  on  the  more  busy  sections 
the  trains  will  be  composed  of  several  similar  coaches. 

The  Nord-Sud  has  successfully  employed  continuous  current 
on  the  three-wire  system,  using  as  conductors  an  overhead  wire 
and  a  third  rail,  each  at  600  volts,  the  track  rails  serving  as  a 
neutral  wire.  A  system  has  thus  been  evolved  which  by  sup- 
pressing the  return  current  and  its  drop  in  pressure  is  com- 
pletely innocuous,  so  far  as  electrolysis  is  concerned.  The  three- 
phase  system  hardly  lends  itself  to  rapid  acceleration,  and  is 
useless  for  multiple-unit  working.  The  other  systems  only  em- 
ploy two  conductors,  one  of  which  is,  in  almost  every  case,  the 
track  rail.  The  single-phase  system  permits  the  use  of  high 
voltages  on  the  working  conductor ;  it  is  therefore  possible  to 
use  a  light  overhead  wire.  The  continuous-current  system,  if 
normal  pressures  of  500  to  700  volts  are  used,  is  only  available 
with  a  heavy  steel  conductor  about  ground  level. 

With  the  single-phase  system  there  is  a  considerable  simpli- 
fication in  distribution  from  the  use  of  static  transformers  in 
place  of  sub-stations  with  rotary  converters ;  there  is  also  a 
saving  in  the  number  of  attendants,  better  efficiency,  and  free- 
dom from  electrolysis  troubles.  With  the  continuou8_-eurrent 
system,  the  equipment  of  the  coaches  is  much  lighter  and  less 
cumbersome,  the  acceleration  more  rapid,  with  a  better 
efficiency  of  the  motors,  and  lastly,  less  waste  of  energy  per 
useful  ton  carried. 

In  numerous  recent  railway  investigations  for  particularly 
heavy  traffic,  the  continuous-current  system  has  shown  a  real 
superiority  to  the  single-phase  on  the  economic  side.  The  sta- 
tionary installations  are  cheaper  for  single-phase  than  for  con- 
tinuous-current (sub-stations  and  tracks).  On  the  other  hand, 
the  equipment  of  the  rolling  stock  is  both  heavier  and  more 
costly.  'The  heavier  the  traffic  the  greater  tlie  advantage  of  the 
continuous-current  system.  It  is  the  same  with  the  working 
expenses,  the  more  the  installation  is  utilised,  the  lower  is  the 
expense  per  ton  carried  by  the  continuous-current  system  as 
compared  with  the  single-phase  system,  chiefly  owing  to  the 
weight  of  the  equipments. 

As  regards  the  single-phase  system,  it  is  necessary  to  include 
the  difficulties  caused  to  telegraph  and  telephone  transmission, 
which  are  not  }'et  overcome.  For  all  these  reasons,  and  particu- 
larly since  on  most  of  the  sections  the  density  of  the  traffic  is 
already  very  high  and  is  bound  to  increase,  the  State  railways, 
being  anxious  to  make  no  mistake,  have  adopted  the  continuous- 
current  system  at  650  volts.  This  system  is  sanctioned  by  long 
usage,  it  is  thoroughly  reliable,  and  in  the  present  instance  it  is 
certainly  the  cheapest.  Everything  that  exists  in  Paris  in  the 
way  of  heavy  electric  traction  is  worked  with  continuous  current 
at  650  volts. 

To  avoid  trouble  from  frost  after  a  thaw,  a  conductor  rail 
with  under  collection  was  proposed.  This  rail  weighs  76  kg. 
per  metre.  It  is  carried  by  supports  of  impregnated  wood.  The 
motor-coaches  collect  the  current  by  a  special  shoe,  called 
"  universal,"  arranged  so  as  to  collect  either  from  the  upper  or 
under  surface  of  the  rail. 

The  sub-stations,  placed  wherever  possible  at  junctions,  con- 
tain rotary  converters  of  1,500.  1,000.  and  750  kw.  output,  ac- 
cording to  their  importance.  Their  distance  apart  varies  from 
3  to  8  km.,  according  to  the  density  of  the  traffic.  The  sub- 
stations are  supplied  bv  three-phase  underground  cables  at 
15,000  volts,  25  cycles.  Electric  energy  will  be  furnished  by  two 
power  stations,  the  construction  and  working  of  which  has  just 
been  entrusted,  after  public  tender,  to  an  industrial  syndicate. 
There  is  a  eliding  scale  of  charges  under  which,  when  the 
stations  are  finished,  electric  energy  will  be  sold  to  the  State 
at  an  inclusive  charge  of  about  5  centimes  per  kilowatt-hour. 

The  two  power  stations,  comprising  steam  turbine  units  of 
5,000  kw..  will  be  placed  at  Moulineux  and  at  Bezons  on  the 
banks  of  the  Seine.  When  the  installations  are  complete,  they 
■will  have  a  capacity  of  about  60,000  kw.,  and  will  furnish  the 
State  with  ttbout  a  hundred  million  tw. -hours  per  annum. 

(To  he  rontinucih) 


928 


THE    ELECTEICAL    REVIEW.      [Voi.  72.  No.  i,854,  jdnb  6,  i9i3. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

Lett«ri  reeeived  by  u*  after  6  p.m.  on  Tdesdat  oannot  appear  witil 
the  following  week,  Corretpondenti  sh-ould  forward  their  oomvmni- 
oationt  at  the  earliest  pottible  movtent.  No  letter  can  bt  publUhed 
unlets  toe  have  the  wrUer't  nams  and  addreit  in  our  votiestion. 


The  Mutual  TrotectioD  of  Engineers. 

I  observe  with  pleasure  that  our  engineers  are,  at  last, 
appealing  for  mutual  protection.  Is  it  not  an  uncompli- 
mentary reflection  on  modern  times  that  they,  the  greatest 
race  of  men  the  world  has  ever  known,  should  have  to 
do  so  ? 

If  you  could  kindly  allow  a  digression,  I  would  take  the 
liberty  of  reminding  you  that  Alexander  the  Great  made  the 
following  list  of  the  Seven  "Wonders  of  the  World  : — The 
Pyramids  of  Egypt  ;  the  Hanging  Gardens  of  Babylon  : 
the  Tomb  of  Mausolos  ;  the  Colossus  of  Rhodes  ;  the  Statue 
of  Zeus  by  Phidias  ;  the  Lighthouse  on  the  Island  of  Pharos  ; 
and  the  Temple  of  Diana.  But  Alexander  the  Great  was 
not  even  an  engineer.     What  has  happened  to  his  treasures  ? 

Of  the  first,  there  is  no  authentic  record  as  to  whom  they 
were  erected  by.  With  the  second,  after  a  decade,  the 
worms  and  the  weeds  had  their  way.  The  creation  of  the 
third  was  too  exquisite — too  precious  to  last.  In  the  age 
of  Caisar  the  fourth  was  but  a  memory  ;  and  though  it  was 
of  marble,  inlaid  with  gold,  ivory  and  ebony,  the  Romans 
tumbled  the  fifth  from  its  pedestal,  and  carried  it  away 
en  bloc.  Nor  has  the  sixth  met  with  better  fortune; ;  whilst 
even  in  the  time  of  Paul,  the  material  of  the  seventh  was 
used  for  houses  and  barns  by  anyone  who  cared  to  appro- 
priate it. 

These  Seven  Wonders  of  the  World  were  things  of  pride 
and  pomp,  constructed  to  glorify  and  to  amuse  the  few. 
Discord  and  misery  and  death  for  the  many  were  the  results 
of  the  proud  plans  of  their  making. 

But  to-day,  if  one  asked  the  engineer  to  make  a  list  of 
the  Seven  Wonders  of  the  World,  he  would  probably  men- 
tion : — The  turbo-generator  ;  the  ocean  liner ;  the  motor- 
car ;  the  rotary  printing  machine  ;  the  telephone  ;  the  tram- 
car  ;  and  the  modern  express. 

These  things  minister  to  all  the  people.  They  influence 
the  lives  of  every  sane  and  efllicient  person.  They  serve  us 
daily.  Unlike  the  Seven  Wonders  of  Alexander,  none  are 
for  the  exclusive  few.  All  represent  inventions,  not  merely 
individual  things.  They  can  never  die,  because  they  are 
founded  on  the  ideas  of  a  race  of  engineers,  and  are  self- 
duplicating. 

The  principles  for  which  they  stand  sprang  from  the 
brains  of  the  engineers,  and  now  these  principles  are  the 
priceless  heritage  of  the  living  world.  Other  men  may  die 
and  turn  to  dust,  but  the  record  of  our  engineering  dreams, 
once  made  tangible,  remains. 

An  Association  for  the  Mutual  Protection  of  Engineers  is 
'_Jong  overdue. 

M.Sc. 

MaijZlst,  1913. 

[Our  correspondent  appears  to  be  comparing  incommen- 
surables — monumental  works  with  inventions  ;  the  former 
were  individual  constructions,  each  of  which  was  unique, 
while  the  latter  were  the  fruit  of  evolution  extending  over 
long  periods.  The  Forth  Bridge,  the  Taj  Mahal,  the  Eiffel 
Tower  are  examples  of  the  former  class,  while  the  wheel, 
the  screw  and  the  mariner's  compass  are  comparable  with 
the  latter  in  importance  to  mankind,  and  are  of  immense 
antiquity.  The  modem  engineer  builds  upon  the  founda- 
tions laid  by  his  barbarian  forerunners,  whose  work  will 
endure  to  the  crack  of  doom. — Ens.  E.R.] 


It  is  sincerely  to  be  hoped  that  the  correspondence  started 
in  your  columns  on  the  above  subject  will  develop  into  the 
definite  formation  of  some  central  organised  body  to  protect 
the  interests  of  members  of  manufacturers' engineering  staffs. 
When  one  considers  the  atmosphere  of  oppression  under 
which  many  of  us  labour,  and  one's  helplessness  to  combat 
the  many  petty  inflictions  that  are  continually  imposed  on  us, 
one  cannot  help  reproaching  oneself  that  we  have  collectively 
been  so  dilatory.     It  is  truly  disappointing  that  in  view  o- 


the  admirable  resnlta  of  kindred  associations  {e.g.,  the 
various  Trade  Unions,  the  British  Medical  Association,  and 
the  Law  Society),  an  association  has  not  yet  been  formed  to 
preserve  the  rights  and  to  vindicate  the  claims  of  the  class 
of  engineers  to  which  I  have  referred  above. 

I  am  afraid  that  we  cannot  expect  the  I.C.E.,  the  I.E.E., 
or  the  I.M.E.  to  champion  our  cause.  These  Institutions 
were  formed  for  the  purpose  of  furthering  and  promoting  the 
technical  aspects  of  engineering  and  not  of  protecting  the 
individual  interests  of  the  members.  As  such,  their  members 
are  drawn  from  all  classes  of  engineers  ;  at  the  Institution 
meetings,  employer  and  employe  fraternise  with  a  genuine 
unselfish  desire  to  further  the  interests  of  the  Institution  of 
which  they  are  members.  Any  action  on  the  part  of  one  of 
the  Institutions  to  help  us  now,  therefore,  would  inevitably 
mean  the  displeasure  and  ultimate  resignation  of  the 
employer  members — a  course  of  events  which  would  speedily 
cause  their  ruin. 

It  is  obvious,  therefore,  that  we  must  epdeavour  to  form 
a  new  association,  something  equivalent  to,  and  comparable 
with,  the  B.M.A.  The  function  of  this  association  should 
be  solely  to  regulate  conditions  of  employment,  and  to  deal 
with  allied  questions.  It  should  not  trespass  on  the 
territories  of  the  existing  institutions  by  becoming  a 
technical  institution.  Neither  should  it  become  as 
academical  as  these.  It  should  regard  itself  purely  and 
solely  as  a  means  of  protecting  the  interests  of  staff 
employes.  There  must  surely  be  thousands  of  engineers 
who  would  like  to  see  such  an  association  initiated.  Now 
is  an  opportune  time  for  declaring  their  views. 

Let  the  opportunity  not  be  missed. 

Frank  GiU. 

[To  prevent  confusion,  we  may  say  that  our  correspondent 
is  not  the  well-known  telephone  engineer  of  the  same  name. 
— Eus.  E.R.] 

Your  correspondents  and  readers  in  general  may  be 
interested  to  learn  that  we  hope  to  submit  for  publication 
in  your  issue  of  June  13th  or  20th  definite  proposals  for 
the  formation  of  a  suitable  British  Engineering  Staff 
Association.  This  suggested  institution  will  have  as  its 
objective,  of  course,  the  maintenance  and  furtherance  of  the 
economic  and  social  interests  of  engineers — mechanical,  civil, 
electrical,  &c.  Meanwhile,  perhaps  those  gentlemen  who 
approve  of  such  an  Association  will  kindly  give  the  matter 
as  much  publicity  as  possible. 

L.  H.  Fletcher, 
Hon.  Actiru/  Secretary,  I'lopnsed  Association. 

London,  E.G.,  June  ■2nd,  1913. 


Heavy  Capacity  Lampholders  and  Adapters. 

Some  little  time  ago  through  your  valuable  columns  I 
stated  that  the  above  were  very  much  wanted,  so  that 
;") — 10-ampere  radiators  and  other  medium  current  con- 
suming apparatus  could  be  fed  from  any  lamp  socket,  &c. 
At  least  one  manufacturer  has  met  the  long-felt  want  as 
regards  the  lampholder,  but  no  one  has  yet  supplied  an  adapter 
to  carry  the  same  current  without  heating  up,  so  that  the 
one  without  the  other  leaves  the  problem  only  half  solved. 

C.  J.  Stonier, 

Sales  Superintendent, 
Dundee  Electricity  Supply, 
Ma;/  29th,  1913. 


I 


Cable  Discounts. 

The  formulae  given  on  page  894  of  the  current  EleC- 
TRiCAi/  Review  appear  to  be  unnecessarily  elaborate.  List 
price  less  27}^  per  cent.,  15  per  cent,  and  10  per  cent,  is  jml 
equal  to  list  price  x  -554025.  Surely  L  x  "555  is  much  ^| 
more  simple  than  the  rather  formidable  formula  given  by 
your  correspondent  for  "  C.M.A.  £  per  mile,"  and  the  former 
gives  a  result  only  '07  per  cent,  too  high,  surely  near  enough 
for  the  "  most  conscientious  of  contractors  "  ?  For  estimat- 
ing -55  is  (luite  near  enough,  as  the  error  is  less  than  1  per 
cent. 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,8r>l,  JuNiu  (i,  19i:i.] 


TIII<;    KLKCTUICAJi    l{KVIK\V. 


920 


At)  ib  happens,  555  and  55  aro  very  aimple  multipliers  to 
iiHe,  and  the  result  may  usually  bo  obtained  with  very  little 
fipurinp,  and  very  often  by  inspection  only.  As  ^>^)f)  = 
' '1",  it  is  evident  tliat  ."i.">.')  multiplied  by  an  nren  nion/wr 
is  equal  to  hfilf  that  ntntihrr  rciicalpil  three  /imex  and  fol- 
lowed by  0,  thus  :— 5:)r)  x  4  =  2,220  ;  r).''.5  X  (!  = 
3,:!30. 

t^:)^)  multiplied  by  an  odd  number  is  ccjual  to  half  l/utl 
number,  iri/h  the  mim  of  the  two  /ii/Kres  thus  oblnined 
repealed  licicv  and  inserted  between  the  tiro  Jit/uren,  thus  : — 

555   X  5  r^  2,775  ;  555  X  9  =  4,995. 
(This  is,  of  course,  the  same  tbinj^  as  : — llAi  =  2,775  ; 

njL»-n   =  4,995.) 

If  55  is  used,  the  figure  in  the  case  of  an  even  multiplier 
is  repeated  tirice  only,  and  in  the  case  of  an  odd  multiplier, 
the  middle  figure  is  used  once  only,  thus  : — 55  x  I  =  220, 
55  X  5  =  275.  Though  this  method  may  appear  at 
tirst  sight  to  be  rather  complicated,  it  is  really  yery  simple. 
As  an  example,  take  a  list  price  of  £85  10s.  (i.e.,  £85"5). 
Tn  this  case,  if  '555  is  used,  one  would  simply  write  down 
from  inspection,  44*400 

2-775 
•2775 

and  obtain  the  result     47*4525,  or  £47  9s. 

If  the  list  price  is,  for  example,  £50,  the  result,  £27-75 
or  £27  158.,  is  obtained  at  once  by  inspection.  For 
"C.M.A.s.  per  coil"  the  formula  is  L  x  •C9328125  ; 
li  X  -7  gives  a  result  under  1  percent,  too  high. 

For  "  C.M.A.d.  per  yard  "  the  formula  is  L  x  -0756307  ;- 
L  X  -075  gives  a  result  under  l-per  cent,  too  low.  In  this 
case  it  is  most  convenient  to  take  three-quarters  of  the  list 
price  and  shift  the  decimal  point  one  to  the  left.  In  most 
oases,  the  result  may  be  obtained  by  inspection.  Similarly, 
for  "  N.A.d.  per  yard,"  it  is  convenient  to  take  two-thirds 
of  the  list  price  and  shift  the  decimal  point  one  to  the  left. 

A  note  may  be  kept  of  the  percentage  error  of  each 
formula,  and  if  one  wishes,  for  a  special  purpose,  to  obtain 
a  very  close  figure,  the  necessary  percentage  may  be  added  to 
or  subtracted  from  the  result  obtained  from  the  approximate 
formula. 

John  W.  Black. 

Glasgow,  June  2nd,  19L3. 


LEGAL. 


Balfodr  v.  Tillett  and  the  Glasgow  "Daily  Recohd." 

On  May  29th  was  concluded,  by  compromise,  in  the  King's  Bench 
Division,  before  Mr.  Justice  Darling-  and  a  special  jury,  an  action 
for  damages  for  alleged  libel  brought  by  Mr.  George  Balfour, 
managing  director  of  the  firm  of  Balfour,  Beatty  &  Co.,  the  well- 
known  electrical  engineers  and  contractors,  a?ainst  Mr.  Ben  Tillett, 
the  secretary  of  the  Dockers'  Union,  and  the  proprietors  of  the 
Glasgow  Daily  Record.  The  action  was  a  sequel  to  a  strike  of 
tramway  men  employed  by  the  Llanelly  Electric  Lighting  and 
Traction  Co.,  in  which  the  plaintiff's  firm  have  the  controlling 
interest,  and  Mr.  Balfour  alleged  that  he  was  libelled  by  a  statement 
which  appeared  in  the  Daily  Becord,  and  which  was  instigated  by 
Mr.  Tillett.  That  gentleman  denied  the  publication,  which, 
however,  was  admitted  by  the  Daily  Record,  and  both  defendants 
pleaded  justification,  alleging  that  the  statement  made  was  true. 

Mr.  Duke,  K.C.  (for  the  plaintiff)  explained  that  his  client 
regarded  the  libel  as  a  malicious  falsehood,  published  to  injure  him 
when  he  was  candidate  for  Parliamentary  honours  in  the  Con- 
servative cause  for  the  Govan  Division  of  Scotland.  It  appeared 
that  the  plaintiff's  firm  formed  the  Llanelly  Tramway  Co.  They 
had  engaged  in  many  large  electrical  undertakings  of  that  cha- 
racter, and  employed  on  an  average  about  1,500  men.  They  were 
always  willing  to  recognise  a  Trade  Union.  When  the  Llanelly  Co. 
was  formed  a  branch  of  a  Trade  Union  was  commenced  among  the 
workmen.  Ou  the  morning  of  Mr.  Balfour's  poll  at  Govan,  in 
December,  1911,  the  following  appeared  in  the  Daily  Becord  : — 

"  Mr.  George  Balfour,  the  Unionist  candidate  for  Govan,  is  the 
managing  director  of  the  company  that  governs  the  tramways  of 
Llanelly.  The  Dockers'  Union  asked  the  company  to  recognise 
the  Union,  so  that  an  endeavour  might  be  made  to  avert  a  stoppage, 
but  the  company  refused  to  do  so.  Oq  behalf  of  the  Union  Mr. 
Ben  Tillett  then  wired  to  Mr.  Balfour,  asking  him  to  recognise  the 
Union  in  order  to  prevent  an  outbreak,  and  Mr.  Balfour  has  now 
instructed  his  head  office  to  refuse  that  recognition.  A  Llanelly 
telegram  says  that  the  strike  is  caosing  great  inconvenience  in 
the  town." 


That  ntutomont  wan  r(ia<l  by  practically  nine-t«nthii  of  Mr. 
liulfour'H  coiiHtitunutM,  who  wfini  ntauuch  KUpjwrt'Tn  of  Trade 
UiiioHH  in  gf-tiorttl,  and  the  rcMult  wa«  that  Mr.  IJalfour  f<;lt  the 
power  of  thii  I'reHH  and  this  DockcrH'  I'liion,  ami  lout  hiM  (ilcction. 
A  few  dayM  aftorwanlit  Mr.  Tillett,  in  a  convorHation  he  ha/I  with 
Mr.  lialfoiir.  without  any  change  liuving  taki^n  plu':*;  in  the 
rolatiouH  between  the  company  and  the  men,  Kaid  ho  wan  willing  to 
get  the  men  bayk  to  work.  So  hn  (<;ounMeO  iiuggeiit<xl  to  the  jury 
that  the  tramway  men  of  Llanelly  had  been  UMed  a^i  political  pawn*, 
while  Mr.  Ben  Tillett  hod  ongincerod  the  strike  for  political  pnr- 
poHOH  and  for  those  purpoHes  only. 

Mk.  BALroi.ii,  in  the  witnoHs  box,  xaid  he  B<;rvcil  live  yearn  in  a 
Dundee  engineering  works.  His  firm  had  always  rc<;ogniMwl  Trade 
Unions,  and  based  their  system  of  wages  on  Trade  Union  ncalett.  In 
his  electoral  campaign  he  advocated  the  uHefuIness  of  Tra/le  l.'nionB. 
When  the  threat  to  strike  was  received  by  the  oompany  from  the 
Llanelly  men,  he  told  Mr.  Tillett  that  he  would  debate  the  matter 
directly  after  his  election  business  had  concluded.  Although  he 
agreed  to  that,  Mr.  Tillett  brought  the  men  out,  and  thus  prepared 
a  foundation  for  the  libellous  statement  which  appeared  in  the 
Gl&agow  Daily  Bcro-d.  lie  (witness)  had  never  refused  to  recog- 
nise the  Trade  Union.  He  considered  that  he  lost  his  election 
through  the  libel. 

Evidence  was  given  by  Me.  A.  McCi.iibe,  the  plaintiff's  election 
agent,  to  the  effect  that  on  the  day  of  the  poll,  after  the  libellous 
statement  appeared,  the  men  who  had  hitherto  supported  plaintiff 
cordially,  showed  signs  of  hostility.  He  was  also  of  the  opinion 
that  the  publication  of  the  statement  made  an  adverse  difference  to 
Mr.  Balfour's  chances  of  success. 

Addressing  the  jury  for  Mr.  Tillett,  Mr.  Healy  said  as  far  as  his 
client  was  concerned,  he  made  the  statement  complained  of  honestly 
and  honil  fide,  believing  that  it  was  true.  The  strike,  far  from 
being  got  up  for  political  purposes,  had  been  going  on  for  months 
before  Mr.  Balfour's  election  contest,  and  he  thought  the  docu- 
ments would  show  that  Mr.  Tillett  did  his  best  to  suppress  the 
strike  in  Wales.  It  was  begun  against  his  wishes  and  the  com- 
mands of  his  Union.  Mr.  Tillett  at  no  time  stated  that  Mr.  Balfour 
had  refused  to  support  Trade  Union  principles.  What  he  said  was 
that  Mr.  Balfour  had  refused  to  recognise  the  Dockers'  Union,  and 
that  was  true. 

After  a  two-day  hearing, 

Mr.  Shearman  said  that  the  Daily  Record  would  pay  the 
plaintiff  £l,<iOO  as  damages  and  a  sum  to  cover  his  costs,  and 
express  their  regret  that  the  paragraph  had  appeared.  They  were 
satii-fied  that  there  was  no  want  of  sincerity  on  the  part  of  Mr. 
Balfour,  with  regard  to  his  attitude  towards  Trade  Unions,  and 
therefore  the  appearance  of  the  paragraph  did  him  considerable 
harm. 

Mr.  Healy  (for  Mr.  Tillett)  said  the  plaintiffs  now  saw  that  his 
client  was  not  an  electoral  disturber  as  had  been  suggested,  and 
that  the  strike  at  Llanelly  had  bfen  threatened  long  before  Mr. 
Balfour's  election  took  place.  Mr.  Tillett  now  asreed  that  it  would 
be  unfair  to  suggest  that  Mr.  Balfour  had  refused  fo  recognise  the 
Trade  Union,  and  expressed  his  regret  that  the  statement  h^d 
appeared. 

Mr.  Duke  (for  the  plaintiff)  accepted  the  apology  and  the 
damages  offered,  and  after  his  Lordship  had  expressed  apprecia- 
tion of  the  arrangement,  judgment  was  entered  for  the  plaintiff  on 
the  terms  of  the  settlement. 


X.L.  Electric  Co.  i-.  Aron. 


In  the  Chancery  Division  on  Friday,  May  30th,  Mr.  Justice  Neville 
had  before  him  a  motion  by  the  plaintiffs  in  this  action,  by  which 
they  sought  to  restrain  the  defendant,  until  the  trial  or  further 
order,  from  dealing  with  certain  electric  patents  in  contravention 
of  his  agreement. 

Mr.  Moritz,  in  support  of  the  motion,  said  that  the  order  asked 
for  was  to  restrain  the  defendant  from  selling,  offering  for  sale, 
parting  with,  dealing  with,  or  otherwise  disposing  of,  certain  patents 
which  he  had  sold  to  the  plaintiff  company,  and  from  opposing 
certain  patent  applications  that  were  pending.  He  understood 
that  the  defendants  desired  an  adjournment  in  order  to  answer  the 
evidence,  but  much  damage  might  be  done  to  the  plaintiffs  during 
the  week,  and  he  could  not  consent  to  the  matter  standing  over  until 
the  following  Friday  without  some  undertaking. 

Counsel  for  the  defendants  said  that  the  injunction  asked  for 
was  extremely  wide,  and  he  could  not  give  an  undertaking  on  the 
terms  of  it,  but  he  was  quite  willing  to  undertake  for  a  week  not  to 
part  with,  charge,  mortgage,  or  dispose  of,  the  two  patents  in 
question. 

Mr.  Moritz  said  he  could  not  accept  that.  The  second  part  of 
the  injunction  he  asked  for  was  the  most  important.  The  defen- 
dant had  entered  into  a  contract  with  the  plaintiff  company,  by 
which  he  covenanted  that  he  had  presented  applications  for  letters 
patent  for  improvements  in  the  inventions,  the  letters  patent  for 
which  had  been  assigned  to  the  plaintiffs.  The  company  had  pur- 
chased the  defendant's  inventions,  and  he  was  afterwards  taken 
into  the  company's  employ  as  electrical  engineer.  It  had  been 
found  necessary  to  dismiss  him,  and  there  was  consequently 
a  considerable  amount  of  bad  blood  between  them.  There  were 
applications  pending  for  patents  for  his  inventions,  which  under 
the  agreement  would  belong  to  the  company,  and  he  was  threaten- 
ing to  withdraw  them  or  oppose  them  if  made  by  the  company. 
There  was  evidence  that  he  had  written  to  the  company's  solicitor 
that  he  was  quite  open  to  consider  any  suggestion  coming  from 
them,  but  unless  something  definite  was  arrived  at  immediately  he 
should  withdraw  his  application  for  patent  No.  19,2.")7  of  1912. 
That  patent,  said  counsel,  was  a  most  important  asset  of   the  com- 


930 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.         LVoi.  72.   No.  i,854.  jdnk  e.  1913. 


pany.  The  agrreement  between  the  parties  ■was  that  in  considera- 
tion of  shares  in  the  company  the  defendant  should  assig-n  to  them 
the  benefit  of  the  two  patents  and  secure  the  assigrnment  of 
them  to  the  company.  That  he  had  failed  to  do,  thou^fh  the 
share  consideration  had  been  assigrned  by  the  company.  Further, 
he  agrreed  to  submit  to  the  company  and  its  expert  advisers  any 
future  inventions  he  might  make  in  connection  with  the  two 
patents,  or  any  improvements  in  them,  and  any  inventions  in  con- 
nection with  electrically-worked  clocks,  and  such  inventions  wre 
to  be  patented  at  the  expense  of  the  company,  and  the  patents 
assigned  to  them.  The  defendant,  at  the  expense  of  the  company, 
was,  when  required,  to  apply  for  foreign  protection,  and  the  attitude 
the  defendant  had  adopted  was  calculated  to  prejudice  the  company 
in  America,  Germany,  and  elsewhere.  The  company  was  a  private 
company,  formed  on  April  28th,  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out 
the  defendant's  inventions,  and  on  May  10th,  besides  being  managing 
director,  he  was  appointed  advisory  engineer  and  superintendent  at 
a  salary  of  £8  a  week.  From  that  post  he  had  been  discharged  for 
alleged  misconduct,  and  he  had  n»w  made  a  distinct  threat  to 
withdraw  these  applications  for  protection,  which  were  of  vital 
importance  to  the  company. 

His  Lordship  said  he  would  grant  the  injunction  asked  as  an 
fx parte  injunction  over  next  Friday. 

Counsel,  for  the  defendant,  said  that  the  time  for  withdrawal 
before  the  Comptroller  of  the  applications  in  question  expired  on 
Tuesday  next,  and  he  thought  he  ought  to  have  authority  from  the 
company  to  apply  to  extend  the  time  for  withdrawal. 

His  Lordship  said  that  seemed  reasonable. 

Mr.  Mokitz  said  he  had  no  objection.  Th  i  company  would  give 
authority  by  letter  to  apply  to  the  Compi roller  in  the  name  of  the 
company  and  its  managing  director  to  extend  the  time  for  with- 
drawal of  the  applications  before  him  for  a  fortnight. 

On  that  understanding,  his  Lordshp  granted  the  injunction  as 
asked  over  Friday  next,  the  motion  standing  adjourned  until  that 
day. 


PARLIAMENTARY. 


London  (ounty  Coancil  (Tramways,  Trolley 
Vehicles  and  Improvements)  Bill. 

Ox  the  motion  for  the  second  reading  of  the  above  Bill  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  an  important  motion  was  carried  at  the  instance 
of  Mr.  H.  Lawson.  He  moved  "  That  it  be  an  instruction  to  the 
Committee  on  the  Bill  to  insert  a  provision  in  the  Bill  making  the 
erection  of  trolley-vehicle  equipments  on,  over,  under,  along  or 
across  any  street  or  road  in  the  County  of  London  subject  to  the 
provisions  of  Sec.  2:5  of  the  London  County  Council  Tramways 
CElectrical  Power)  Act,  1900."  He  said  the  question  was  whether 
the  House,  without  any  cause  shown,  should  practically  repeal  the 
provision  which  was  passed  for  ensuring  that  overhead  wires  should 
not  be  erected  in  London  without  the  consent  of  the  local  authority 
of  the  borough  concerned. 

Mr.  Mokrisox  seconded  the  motion. 

In  the  discussion  which  followed,  Mr.  Golds.mith  pointed  out 
that  at  the  present  time  the  borough  councils  had  an  absolute  veto 
with  regard  to  tramways  in  London,  and  could  stop  the  overhead 
system  of  tramways  in  their  particular  districts.  In  the  case  of 
railless  trolleys,  however,  the  promoters  had  not  to  obtain  the 
authority  or  the  sanction  of  the  road  authorities  before  they  came 
to  Parliament.  He  contended  that  if  the  resolution  were  adopted,  it 
meant  that  the  railless  trolley  system  would  never  be  adopted  in 
any  part  of  the  county  of  London,  because  each  district  wanted  the 
most  expensive  system — the  conduit  system. 

Sir  W.  Bull,  who  supported  the  resolution  at  the  request  of  the 
Hammersmith  Borough  Council,  expressed  the  opinion  that  in  20 
years  there  would  not  be  a  tramway  in  London. 

The  instruction  was  carried  by  119  votes  to  40. 


LoxDON  Electric  Supplt  Corporation  r.  Westminster 
Electric  Supply  Corporation. 

In  the  Chancery  Division  on  Friday,  May  30th,  before  Mr.  Justice 
Eve,  an  application  was  made  in  this  case  that  the  order  of  the 
House  of  Lords  should  be  made  an  order  of  Mr.  Justice  Eve's  Court. 
The  application  was  granted. 


Lady's  Telephone  Share  Experience. 

In  the  City  of  London  Court  on  Monday,  before  Judge  Lumley 
Smith,  K.C.,  Mr.  Walter  J.  Crumplin,  Ockwells  Cottage,  Kimber  Lane, 
Maidenhead,  formerly  a  member  of  the  London  Stock  Exchange 
(he  having  recently  retired),  sued  Mrs.  Kichgessner.  3C,  Upper 
Marylebone  Street,  for  £50  .58.  .5d.  balance  due  on  a  purchase  of 
National  Telephone  deferred  shares.  By  way  of  defence,  the 
Gaming  Act  was  raised.  Mr.  Doughty  appeared  for  the  plaintiff, 
and  Mr.  Harold  Travers  for  the  defendant. 

Mr.  Dougutt  explained  that  the  transaction  .sued  on  began  in 
April  of  last  year,  when  the  defendant's  daughter  wrote  on  behalf 
of  herself  and  her  mother  instructing  the  plaintiff  to  buy  two 
Telephone  deferred  shares.  They  then  stood  at  158,  and  were 
subject  to  a  certain  amount  of  speculation,  in  view  of  the  arbitra- 
tion then  proceeding  between  the  Government  and  the  company. 
The  ladies  imagined,  of  course,  that  the  shares  were  going  up  as 
a  result  of  the  award.  There  was  now  a  balance  against  the 
client. 

Plaintiff  said  he  carried  the  shares  over  at  the  defendant's 
request  on  several  occasions,  and  cheques  were  sometimes  paid  by 
him  and  sometimes  to  him.  On  December  30th,  she  paid 
£13  Hs.  lOd.  when  the  stock  stood  at  140.  It  then  fell  to  107.  on 
account  of  the  award  coming  out,  and  there  was  a  further  balance 
of  £33,  which  defendant  owed.  The  shares  again  fell,  and  the 
present  balance  was  due.  In  November,  he  strongly  urged  the 
defendant  to  sell  when  the  shares  stood  at  168,  showing  her  a 
profit. 

In  cross-examination,  plaintiff  indignantly  denied  that  the  trans- 
action was  a  gamble.  Defendant  told  him  she  did  not  intend  to 
take  up  the  shares  if  he  would  carry  them  over,  and  that  she  was 
gure  they  would  rise. 

Mr.  Travers  submitted  that  the  transaction  was  a  gamble,  and 
that  the  plaintiff  couM  not  recover. 

Plaintiff  added  that  he  had  actually  paid  for  the  shares,  as  he 
had  to  dose  the  account  and  he  had  paid  the  differences.  He  was 
an  agent  for  the  defendant. 

Mrs.  Kichgessner.  the  defendant,  said  she  never  intended  to 
take  up  the  shares.  It  was  only  a  speculation.  She  thonght  they 
would  probably  rise  when  the  award  was  given. 

JroGE  LuMLET  SMITH  :  If  this  were  a  good  defence  nobody 
would  ever  lose  any  money  on  the  Stock  Exchange.  I  do  not  think 
it  was  a  gaming  or  wagering  transaction.  Judgment  for  the 
plaintiff,  with  costs. 


The  Nation.^l  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.,  r.  Postm.\sterGenek.\l. 

Ix  the  House  of  Lords  on  Tuesday,  their  Lordships  said  that  the 
appeal  of  the  National  Co.  failed.  They  would  give  their  reasons 
in  writinz  later.  As  the  case  was  one  which  ought  to  be  disposed 
of  at  once  they  formally  dismissed  the  appeal  with  costs,  affirming 
the  judgment  of  the  Court  below. 


Electric  Lighting  Provisional    Order  (Xo.  1)  Bill.— This 

Bill  has  been  before  the  Standing  Orders  Committee  and  referred 
for  Second  Reading.  It  is  for  the  purpose  of  confirming  Electric 
Lighting  Orders  granted  by  the  Board  of  Trade  to  the  following  : 
To  the  Urban  District  Council  of  Baildon.  in  the  West  Riding  of 
Yorkshire  ;  to  the  Urban  District  Council  of  Beckenham,  in  respect 
of  the  parish  of  West  Wickham  ;  to  Wm.  Albert  Schultz,  carrying 
on  business  as  the  Chipping  Norton  Electric  Supply  Co.  ;  to  the 
U.D.C.  of  Hazel  Grove  and  Bramhall ;  to  the  U.D.C.  of  Itchen,  in 
the  County  of  Southampton  ;  to  the  U.D.C.  of  Skeltonand  Brctton, 
in  the  North  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  with  clauses  enabling  them  to 
take  a  supply  of  power  from  the  Cleveland  and  Durham  County 
Power  Co.  ;  to  the  U.D.C.  of  Southborough,  in  the  County  of  Kent  ; 
to  the  Burslem  Corporation  in  regard  to  the  inclusion  of  the  whole  of 
Wolstanton  ward  in  the  area  :  to  the  Truro  Corporation  ;  and  to 
the  Weaverham  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  in  respect  of  certain 
parishes  in  the  Northwich  Rural  District. 

Electric  Lighting  Order  (X'o.  5)  Bill.— On  Monday,  the 
Examiners  found  Standing  Orders  complied  with  in  regard  to  No.  5 
Bill,  which  confirms  Provisional  Orders  granted  by  the  Board  of 
Trade  to  the  following  : — To  the  U.D.C.  of  Caerphilly  (powers  not 
to  be  exercised  unless  transferred  to  a  limited  company) ;  to  the 
Colne  Valley  Electric  Supply  Co.,  in  respect  of  the  parish  of  Pinner  ; 
to  the  Birmingham  District  Power  and  Traction,  Ltd.,  in  respect 
of  the  County  Borough  of  Smethwick  (a  clause  is  inserted  for  the 
protection  of  the  Shropshire,  Worcestershire  and  Staffordshire 
Electric  Power  Co.)  ;  to  the  Urban  District  Council  of  Watford,  in 
respect  of  the  parish  of  Abbotts  Langley  ;  to  the  Wellingborough 
Electric  Supply  Co. 

Tramway  Provisional  Order  Bill. — The  Examiners  have 
passed  the  Bill  promoted  by  the  Board  of  Trade  for  confirming 
Provisional  Orders  granted  to  the  Baildon  U.D.C  ,  for  the  construc- 
tion of  about  a  mile  of  tramway,  and  to  the  Newcastle-on-Tyne 
Corporation  for  the  construction  of  a  number  of  small  junction 
lines. 

L.C.C.  Greenwich  Generating  Station.— Mr.  W.  Thome 
asked  the  President  of  the  Board  of  [Trade  whether  his  attention 
had  been  called  to  the  recent  breakdown  at  the  London  County 
Council  Power  Station  at  Greenwich  ;  if  he  was  aware  that  the 
breakdown  was  caused  by  over-loading  the  machinery  in  conse- 
quence of  there  not  being  enough  machinery  to  generate  the 
amount  of  power  required  for  general  use  :  and  if  he  would  cause 
an  inquiry  to  be  held  in  connection  with  the  recent  breakdown  ? — 
Mr.  Buxton  said  he  was  informed  by  the  London  County  Council 
that  the  breakdown  in  question  occurred  in  consequence  of  a 
cotter  falling  out  of  the  high-pressure  piston  rod  of  one  of  the 
engines,  and  that  there  was  no  foundation  for  the  suggestion  that 
the  mishap  was  caused  by  overloading  the  machinery.  He  hardly 
thought  that  an  inquiry,  such  as  suggested,  would  serve  any  useful 
puroose. 

Kent  Electric  Power  Co.— The  late  Bill  of  the  Kent  Electric 
Power  Co.  to  provide  for  the  reduction  and  rearrangement  of  the 
capital  of  the  company,  was  before  the  Examiners  last  week,  and 
wai  found  not  to  have  complied  with  Standing  Orders.  The  Bill 
will  accordingly  eo  before  the  Standing  Orders  Committee. 

York  Corporation  Bill. — The  York  Corporation  Bill  has  re- 
ceived the  approval  of  the  Unopposed  Bill  Committee  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  and  has  been  referred  for  Third  Reading.  The 
principal  object  of  the  Bill  was  to  authorise  the  Corporation  to 
purchase  the  gas  undertaking,  but  as  this  was  defeated  by  a 
citizens'  meeting,  it  had  to  be  abandoned.  A  number  of  minor 
matters  were  left  in  the  Bill,  including  authority  to  acquire  land 
for  the  purposes  of  the  electricity  undertaking. 


Vol.  7'>.    No.  1,H:.I,  Junk  fi,  l!)l: 


TiiM  vAA^AiTnu'w^  pj':vri:\v. 


9:il 


NottfiiKrloii"  ('orporiitioii  Itill  jiiid  Wost  Krltlt^fortl  I!. !>.(,'. 
mil.— Owiiit;  to  an  aifrcoiiioiil  liaviiii,'  Imtm  <!ornc  to  botwcdii  tho 
proinotorH  of  tho  abovo  Hilln,  oppoHitioii  Iiuh  bftcii  witlulrawri,  and 
they  have  boon  referred  to  the  Cuniinittco  on  I'noppoHod  BillH. 
The  NottH.  CorpQration  promoted  a  Hill  for  poworH  to  construct 
tramwayn  and  provide  trolley  vehicle.^  and  motor-omnibuHOB,  but 
by  an  arranu'oment  with  the  Went  Bridofford  I'rbun  Dintrict  Council, 
who  arc  Hi'okinu  to  run  motor-' busen,  tho  powerH  for  trolley  vohicIeB 
are  dropped. 

VnriouH  Hills. — In  the  Houho  of  CommonH  on  May  27th  tho 
ChfHterlicld  ('orporation  KaillesR  Traction  Bill  and  the  Westffate 
and  Birchinpton  (!as  and  Electricity  Bill  were  read  a  third  time. 

In  the  Mouse  of  Lords  on  the  same  day  the  II erne  Bay  Gas  and 
Electricity  Bill  was  read  a  second  time,  and  the  Crowborou(fh 
District  (ias  and  Electricity  Bill  passed  its  third  readinpr. 

J  a  the  House  of  Commons  on  May  ;iOlh  the  Khondda  Tram- 
ways (Ilailless  Traction)  Bill,  and  on  Monday  tho  Metro- 
p3litan  Electric  Tramways  (Rail less  Traction)  Bill  were  read 
a  third  time.  The  London  Electric  Railway  Bill,  Metropolitan 
District  Railway  Bill,  and  Wimbledon  and  Sutton  Railway  Bill 
were  read  a  second  time  on  Monday. 

In  the  House  of  Lords  on  June  2nd  the  followinpr  were  read  a 
first  time  : — Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways  Railless  Traction  Bill, 
and  Rhondda  Tramways  and  Railless  Traction  Bill. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Consular  Notes. — E^ypt. — In  his  recent  report  on  the 

condition  of  Eorypt  in  1 91 2,  Lord  Kitchener  states  that  the  Teleg-raph 
Department  earned  £E.130,888,  an  increase  of  £E9,li22  over  1911. 
Working  expenses  amounted  to  £E.l  13, .500,  an  increase  of  £E. 3,574. 
There  has  been  an  increase  in  all  classes  of  messagres  sent  and  in  the 
revenue  derived  from  trunk  telephones.  Two  new  trunk  telephone 
lines,  viz.,  Ismailia  to  Suez  and  Cairo  to  Zagrazisr,  have  been  opened, 
a  telegraph  line  from  Suez  to  Safaja,  in  the  Red  Sea  littoral,  rid 
Jemsa,  two  telephone  circuits  at  Safaja,  and  part  of  the  line  along 
the  western  coast  of  Solium.  The  telegraph  capital  account  stands 
at  £E.189.921,  the  interest  on  the  capital  being  £E.12  Ss.  9d.  A 
new  scheme  of  deferred  foreign  telegrams  at  cheap  rates  has  been 
introduced.  Fifteen  new  offices  have  been  opened  durilig  the 
year. 

In  a  further  reitort,  dealing  with  the  Sudan,  Lord  Kitchener 
states  that  the  number  of  telegrams  sent  iu  the  Sudan  during  1912 
increased  by  6  per  sent.,  and  this  increase  is  reflected  in  the  revenue. 
There  have  been  no  extensions  of  the  telegraph  oystem  during  the 
year,  which  now  consists  of  4,777  miles  of  line  and  9  896  miles  of 
wire.  The  telephone  service  continues  to  expand,  especially  in  the 
towns. 

China. — The  American  Consul  at  Hankow  reports  that  there  are 
three  electric  light  plants  there,  one  for  the  Chinese  city,  and  two, 
one  of  them  very  small,  in  the  foreign  concessions.  There  is  a  tele- 
phone service  operated  by  the  German  post-office  in  the  foreign 
concessions,  and  a  Chinese  telephone  service  in  the  native  city. 
The  Chinese  telephone  service  connects  with  the  neighbouring 
cities  of  W^uchang  and  Hanyang.  In  Wuchang  there  is  a  small 
electric  plant,  mostly  for  official  use,  but  it  is  understood  that  a 
municipal  system  is  contemplated.  In  Changsha,  the  capital  of 
Hunan  Province,  there  is  a  fair  electric  light  plant,  and  there  is 
also  a  telephone  system,  though  the  latter  is  little  used  by  private 
persons.  InKinkiang  there  is  no  electric  light  plant,  in  Nanchang 
there  is  a  small  plant,  and  in  both  cities  there  are  telephones, 
although  there  is  no  system  in  general  use  by  any  considerable 
number  of  subscribers.  It  would  be  extremely  difficult,  if  not 
impossible,  for  a  foreign  company  to  get  any  public  service  con- 
cession, and  the  number  of  Chinese  merchants  with  whom  a  joint 
Chinese-foreign  enterprise  could  be  conducted  is  still  very  small. 

Hawaii  Islands.— Dealing  with  the  prospects  of  British  trade 
in  these  islands,  the  British  Consul,  in  a  recent  report,  states  that 
the  lack  of  direct  transportation  facilities  is  an  obstacle.  Further, 
local  business  interests  and  connections  are  all  centred  in  the 
United  States.  It  is,  therefore,  not  possible  to  urge  the  ordinary 
method  of  having  travellers  visit  the  islands,  as  it  is  more  than 
doubtful  whether  any  resultant  business  would  directly  compensate 
for  the  time  and  expense  of  a  special  trip  ;  nevertheless,  should 
suoh  representatives  have  occasion  to  pass  through  the  territory  it 
might  in  certain  lines  be  worth  while  to  delay  a  little  to  study  the 
local  market.  Possibly  the  most  likely  way  to  advance  the  small 
British  trade  would  be  to  encourage  the  attention  of  those  already 
handling  British  goods  in  the  United  States.  Articles  which  find  a 
market  there  might  also  be  able  to  get  a  footing  in  Hawaii,  and 
having  no  further  duty  to  pay,  both  stock  and  organisation  in  the 
United  States  would  be  available  to  compete  for  any  business  which 
might  be  open.  Local  firms  being  able  to  deal  so  much  more  easily 
with  the  United  States  than  with  other  countries  could  be  more 
readily  approached  from  there  than  by  direct  trade  ;  this  will  be 
particularly  the  case  should  the  opening  of  the  Panama  Canal  lead 
to  larger  imports  from  the  British  Empire  to  the  Pacific  coast  of 
the  States. 

Philippine  Islands. — Manila  and  Mangarin  are  now  connected 
by  wirelesis  telegraph,  says  an  American  report.  A  powerful  plant 
was  installed  at  the  sugar  town  under  joint  action  of  the  Mindoro 
Co.  and  the  Bureau  of  Posts.  The  former  found  it  difficult  to 
conduct  its  extensive  industry  without  immediate  communication. 
When  the  Mangarin  station  gets  into  swing  it  will  be  able  to  con- 
verse with  Hong  Kong  as  well  as  with  the  stations  to  be  erected  in 
the  Southern  islands.  In  the  latter  connection  it  is  expected  to  be 
a  helpful  link  in  Philippine  communication. 


Canilda.  Tin:  (wumdimi  .\IiniMt<;r  of  RailwayH  hax  (li-/:u\i-/l  to 
eHlaljIiKli  wiriilcHH  t<!lc;^rrttphy  bctwwn  Le  I'm  and  the  Hudwjn  B»jr 
trjrminal  when  th<i  harbour  work  in  Htartcd.  Thin  will  allow  the 
department  at  Ottawa  U>  keep  in  cIohi:  touch  with  thn  profrreM  of 
th(!  work.  ExtcnHivo  preparatiooH  huvn  bt-en  mB<le  U>  Mnd  north  an 
expedition  with  ilrodges  and  u(|uipment  to  ntart  work  oo  the 
harbour  «t  tho  carlieHt  posHiblu  date.  The  Government  will  pro- 
bably do  most  of  iho  work  itMidf. 

Aluminium  Wire  I*ricrS. —  It  is  stat/;'!  that  rocjiut 
offers  of  Continental  aluminium  wire  in  the  motit  marketable  «iz«« 
of  from  20  mm.  to  l.'i  mm.  hHow  a  conHideriiblc  a<lvan'«  over 
former  ((uotations.  When  tho  price  of  ingotH  wa«  £  I  per  cwt. 
the  charges  of  wire  ranged  from  £5  '•».  to  £0,  whereaa  at 
present  with  ioKots  dcaror  wirehao  riHen  to  from  £.>'>  li'a.  to  £7  per 
cwt. 

A   Swiss  Absorption. — It  was  expected  wlien  the  Hwiiw 

firm  of  Hliow.v,  Bovkui  k  C"  entered  into  a  community  of 
interests  with  the  Alioth  Electricity  Co.,  which  took  place  two  or 
three  years  ago,  that  theevnntual  result  would  be  an  amalgamation 
of  the  two  undertakings.  It  is  now  announced  that  Brown.  Boveri 
and  Co.  have  acquired  by  purchase  all  the  workshops  of  the  Alioth 
Co.  and  will  continue  them  as  tho  company's  Miinchenotein  branch. 

"  Korfund." — The  Kokiini)  ('o.  have  recently  received 
the  following  orders  for  insulating  machines  with  their  "  Korfund  " 
cork  foundation  plates  to  prevent  the  transmission  of  vibration 
and  noise  :  — 

Belfast.— One  4,00011  v.  Diesel  engine. 
Hong  Kong— Two  550  H.  p.  Diesel  engines. 
Eushden— Two210-u.i'.  Diesel  engines. 
8outhendon-8ea.— Two  600k\s.  Belliss-Crompton  sets. 
Wisbech.— One  70  h.i>.  Crossley  gas  engine. 

Patent  Applications. — The  Comptroller-Oenerai  has 
made  an  order  restoring  patent  No.  22,12.5  of  1907,  granted  to  the 
Westinghouse  Brake  Co.  for  "  Improvements  in  automatic  fluid 
pressure  brake  apparatus  for  railway  and  like  vehicles."  Messrs. 
Mathiesen  Aktien-Gesellschaft,  of  Leutzsch,  Leipzig,  are  applying 
for  leave  to  amend  Patent  No.  22,342  of  1904,  for  "  Improvements 
in  Arc  Lamp  Electrodes."  An  announcement  appears  among  our 
advertisements  to-day. 

Ebonite  Tests  at  the  K.P.L. — Eeferring  to  our  note 
on  the  new  Admiralty  Specification  for  Ebonite,  the  St.  Helens 
Cable  and  Rubber  Co.,  Ltd  ,  of  Warrington,  inform  us  that 
the  National  Physical  Laboratory  has  made  tests  upon  their  ebonite 
made  to  the  Admiralty  specification,  and  has  signified  that  it 
has  passed  the  test  required.  The  Admiralty  test  is  the  exceed- 
ingly severe  one  of  125,000  volts  per  millimetre.  Apart  from  this 
very  high-class  ebonite,  the  company  make  other  classes  more 
suitable  (in  price)  for  general  work. 

Book  Notices. — Electrical  Tables  and  Memoranda.  By 
S.  P.  Thompson,  F.R.S.  London  :  E.  4;  F.  X.  Spon.  Price  Is.  net.— 
This  is  the  second  edition  of  the  little  waistcoat-pocket  book,  which 
constitutes  the  smallest  of  Dr.  Thompson's  many  works.  It  is 
literally  a  niultnm  in  pano,  dealing  with  an  extraordinary  variety 
of  subjects  in  its  131  pages  ;  the  treatment  is,  as  would  be  expected, 
most  lucid,  and  the  matter  is  condensed  to  a  degree  only  com- 
parable with  the  tabloid  system.  We  have  read  many  pages  of  the 
tiny  volume  with  interest,  and  find  it  fully  up  to  date  and  packed 
with  useful  information,  including  a  variety  of  tables.  As  a 
"  pocket  memory,"  it  should  be  found  very  useful. 

"  Reports  for  the  Year  1912  on  the  Geological  Survey,  the  Geo- 
logical Museum  in  Jermyn  Street,  the  Science  Museum  at  South 
Kensington,  and  the  Work  of  the  Solar  Physics  Committee."  1913. 
London  :  Wyman  &  Sons,  Ltd.    Price  Is. 

"  The  Year-Book  of  Wireless  Telegraphy  and  Telephony."  1913. 
London  :  St.  Catherine's  Press.     Price  2s.  6d.  net. 

"Car  Troubles  :  Their  Symptoms  and  their  Cure.''  By  H.  W. 
Slauson.     London  :  Harper  &  Bros.     Price  Is.  net. 

"Instructions  for  the  Use  of  Calculating  Rule  for  Illumination 
and  Photometric  Measurements.'  By  T.  Hirobe  and  R.  Mitgnds. 
Tokio,  Japan  :  The  Electrotechnical  Laboratory. 

"  Chronique  lUustree  du  Concours  International  de  Telegraphic 
Pratique,  Turin,  1911.''  Rome  :  Ministero  delle  Poste  e  dei  Telegrafi. 

"  Atti  della  Associazione  Elettrotecnica  Italiana.''  Vol.  XVII, 
No.  10.     May  31st,  1913.    Milan  :  The  Association.     Price  L.  1  "50. 

"  Bulletin  Mensuel  de  la  Society  Beige  d'Electriciens."  Vol.  XXX. 
April,  1913.     Brussels  :  E.  Bruylant.     Price  1  fr.  75  c. 

British    Manufacturers    in    Australia.  —  In    the 

recently-published  report  of  the  Australian  Association  of  British 
Manufacturers  and  their  Representatives  (430,  Little  Collins  Street, 
Melbourne)  reference  was  made  to  a  directory  that  was  being  pre- 
pared by  the  Association.  We  have  now  received  a  copy  of  this 
publication,  known  as  the  "  All-Red  Directory."  It  contains  only 
the  names,  &c.,  of  members  of  the  Association,  as  all  members  are 
entitled  to  have  their  names  included  in  all  three  sections,  together 
with  full  particulars  of  the  goods  which  they  manufacture,  without 
any  furtheV  charge  beyond  the  annual  subscription  of  £2  28. 
The  advantages  derived  from  such  publication  and  from  circulation 
of  the  Directory  are  merely  incidental  to  the  general  benefits  of 
membership  of  the  Association. 

Electric   Lighting   for  Motor-Cars. — The  Chloride 

Electrical  Storage  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Pendlebury,  Manchester, 
remind  us  that  many  motor-car  lighting  equipments  are  coming 
into  this  country  fitted  with  "  Exide  "  accumulators,  and  that  they 
manufacture  this  type  of  battery,  as  used  on  the  "Deleo  "  and  other 
electric  self-starting  and  lighting  equipments.  They  also  carry 
stocks  of  spare  parts  for  these  batteries. 


982 


THE    ELECTKICAL    KEVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,854,  JuNK  6,  1913. 


B.T.H.     Rotary    Converters. — A     most     instructive 

pamphlet  has  recently  been  issued  by  the  British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co.,  on  the  subject  of  rotary  converters,  which,  while  it 
naturally  illustrates  the  methods  adopted  by  this  firm  in  particular, 
also  covers  in  a  brief,  practical  style  the  main  features  of  rotary 
converter  practice  at  the  present  time.  It  commences  with  a  rexume 
of  tLe  characteristics  of  rotary  converters,  under  which  are  dis- 
cussed voltage  and  current  ratios,  armature  beating,  commutation 
eflSciency,  overload  capacity,  use  of  rotaries  as  three-wire  balancers, 
and  the  power  factor  of  rotaries  running  a.c.  to  d.c.  Then  follow 
several  pages  describing  the  principal  methods  that  have  been 
adopted  for  obtaining  variable  n.c.  voltage  with  constant  A.c. 
voltage  and  rice  versa,  the  starting  of  rotary  converters,  and  a 
further  section  is  devoted  to  construction,  the  whole  of  the  pagrs 
being  profusely  illustrated  with  specimen  machines,  curves, 
diagrams  of  connections.  &c. 

ITnder  "  Variation  of  Voltage,"  are  discussed  reactance  control 
(i./".,  variation  of  DC  voltage  by  the  introduction  of  reactance  in 
the  supply  transformer  or  externally)  simple  vector  diagrams  being 
given  ;  booster  control  —  an  AC.  booster  being  inserted  between 
the  slip-rings  and  converter  armature,  the  power  factor  in 
this  case  being  independent  of  load  and  voltage  ;  regulator  control 
(an  induction  regulator  inserted  between  transformer  and  rotary 
slip-rings)  ;  split-pole  control,  particularly  a  method  using  a  two- 
part  pole,  which  has  been  developed  by  the  B.T.H.  Co.,  and  is 
claimed  to  be  the  simplest  that  has  been  devised  where  voltage 
variation  is  required  independent  of  power  factor  ;  lastly,  brush- 
shift  control,  which  is  not  recommended. 

As  regards  starting,  diagrams  illustrate  (1)  A.C.  starting  by 
means  of  transformer  taps,  and  for  machines  above  500  KW.  ;  (2) 
induction  motor  starting,  using  squirrel-cage  or  slip-ring  motors  ; 
the  equirrel-cage  motor  is  recommended,  except  where  reduction  of 
starting  current  is  important.  The  induction  motor  is  constructed 
with  one  pair  less  poles  than  the  rotary,  so  that  it  is  possible  to 
speed  the  rotaries  up  considerably  above  normal  speed.  The  con- 
nections for  direct-current  starting  are  also  illustrated,  and  this  is 
the  best  method  to  adopt  when  a  direct-current  supply  is  always 
available  for  the  purpose. 

The  section  devoted  to  "  Construction  "  illustrates  and  describes 
the  main  details  of  the  B.T.H.  rotary,  which,  we  note,  has  been 
built  in  practically  all  sizes  up  to  1,500  KW.,  and  will  (if  required) 
be  built  up  to  3,000-KW.  capacity  for  any  voltage  up  to  1,500  for 
25-cycle  work  and  up  to  750  volts  for  50-cycle  work. 

Diplomas.  —  The    Electrical    Engineering    akd 

Equipment  Co.,  Ltd..  have  been  awarded  a  Diploma  of  Honour 
for  their  exhibit  at  the  International  Einematograph  Exhibition 
and  Conference  held  in  London  recently. 

The  WtSTJiixsTEK  Emgineebing  Co.  have  also  been  awarded 
a  Diploma  of  Honour  for  their  projection  and  photographic  arc 
lamps  exhibited  at  the  same  Exhibition.  Theee  are  made  at  their 
works  at  WiUesden  Junction. 

For  Sale. — The  Bermondsey  Borough  Council  has  for 
disposal  three  email  generating  eets.  .See  our  advertisement  pages 
in  this  issue. 

Catalogues  and  Lists. — Messes.  Yeeitts,  Ltd.,  31, 

King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. — Priced  and  illustrated  leaflet 
(No.  742)  particularising  their ''Aston"  ceiling  and  roof  fans  for  D.c. 
Messes.  A.  Reybolle  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Eebburn-on-Tyne,— We  have 
received  a  collection  of  new  lists  just  issued,  in  an  expanding 
binding  cover.  The  following  manufactures  are  covered — brief 
descriptive  matter  on  a  fancy  paper,  being  followed  with  illustra- 
tions printed  on  coloured  art  papers  : — Split  conductor  protection  ; 
sheet-steel  switcbgear  (three-phase  generator  panel  up  to  3,000 
volts)  ;  cable  glands  and  fittings  for  armoured  cables  :  no-voltage 
release  ;  wall-operated  switcbgear  ;  plugs  and  sockets  ;  cast-iron 
distribution  boxes. 

The  Union  Electbic  Co.,  Ltd.,  Park  Street,  Southwark, 
London,  .S.E — Advance  copy  of  20-page  booklet  giving  a  full 
illustrated  account  of  the  "Fortiter"  direct-current  watt-hour 
meter. 

The  Mikblees  Watson  Co.,  Ltd.,  Scotland  Street,  Glasgow. — 
Pamphlet  C32  gives  an  illustrated  description  of  the  latest  surface 
condensing  installation  (Mirrlees-Leblanc  rotary  type),  supplied 
by  them  to  Pinkston  Power  Station,  Glasgow.  Readings  are 
tabulated  giving  results  of  the  plant  running  under  ibe  usual 
working  conditions. 

The  Diamond  Coal  Cdttee  Co.,  Stennard  Works,  Wakefield, 
Yorks. — Twenty-page  booklet,  being  a  special  exhibition  number  of 
their  "  Machine  Mining  3Ionthly,"  issued  on  the  occasion  of  the 
Mining  Machinery  Exhibition,  now  open  at  the  Royal  Aericnltural 
Hall.  It  contains  half-tone  views  of  many  of  the  shops  at  the 
Stennard  Works,  and  a  list  of  users  of  the  "  Diamond  "  coal-cutting 
machines  and  conveyors  in  Great  Britain. 

Messes.  Isaria,  Ltd.,  208,  Tower  Bridge  Road,  London,  S.E. — 
Sixteen-page  pamphlet  containing  full  tabulated  particulars  and 
prices  of  their  "  Isaria "  table,  oscillating,  self-rotating,  ceiling 
and  port-hole  electric  fans,  also  shutters  for  port-hole  fans,  starters 
and  rheostats.    Copies  of  the  list  may  be  obtained  on  application. 

The  Midland  Electric  MANrrACTUBiNO  Co.,  Ltd.,  Stafford 
Works,  Rea  Street  South,  Birmingham. — 48-pege  comprehensive 
price  list  of  "  M.E  M."  switcbgear.  Thirty  pages  are  devoted  to 
ironclad  lines,  the  remainder  dealing  with  various  'types  of  fusee, 
fuseboards,  distribution  boards,  knife  switches  and  other  manufac- 
tures. The  illustrations  are  numerous  and  admirably  clear,  a  good 
art  paper  being  used  throughout.      Prices  are  very  plainly  shown 


at  the  foot  of  eaoh  page.  The  firm  who  are  now  specialising  in  the 
manufacture  of  ironclad  switches  and  switcbgear,  have  recently 
made  extensions  and  additions  to  the  plant  in  their  works,  and 
larger  stocks  are  now  being  carried  thus  ensuring  prompt  delivery. 
By  mutual  agreement,  Messrs.  G.  0.  Fisher  &  Co.  ceased  to  represent 
the  company's  interests  for  Glasgow  and  Scotland  last  month,  and 
Messrs.  Andrews  iV  Co.,  198a,  St.  Vincent  Street,  Glasgow,  are  now 
their  representatives,  and  are  carrying  stocks  of  their  standard 
manufactures. 

Messrs.  Landis  &  Gyb,  Ltd.,  28,  Denman  Street,  London,  S.E. 
—  Leaflet  relating  to  their  switchboard  wattmeters  for  single- 
phase  A.c.  circuits  and  three-phase  circuits  with  balanced  loads. 
Dimension  sketches  and  diagrams  of  connections  appear. 

Messrs.  David  Brown  &  Sons  (Hudd.,  Ltd.),  Huddersfleld. — 
16-page  booklet  containing  information  and  excellent  illustrations 
describing  the  "DBS"  spur  gear  and  its  application  as  a  speed 
reducer  ;  also  a  list  of  double  helical  gears. 

iHininfi:  Marbinery  Exlrbition — This  exhibition  at  the 

Agricultural  Hall,  Islington,  closes  at  the  end  of  this  week.  We 
shall  refer  to  the  matter  in  our  next  issue. 

Canada. — iilr.  James  A.  Farrell,  president  of  the 
United  States  Steel  Corporation,  in  testifying  as  to  the  corpora- 
tion's export  trade  in  the  United  States  Government  suit,  referred 
to  the  Canadian  business  in  part  as  follows: — "Through  Montreal 
we  sell  about  60,000  tons  of  wire  product  a  year,  sheet-iron,  mine 
rails,  and  sometimes  standard  rails,  when  they  cannot  be  supplied 
by  their  own  corporations.  We  are  now  supplying  the  Canadian 
Northern  Railway  with  25,000  tons  of  rails  shipped  by  boat  from 
Chicago  and  thence  by  rail  to  Calgary,  where  they  cost  $47.13 
delivered.  At  Vancouver  we  supply  much  material,  but  the 
freight  weight  from  Pittsburg  there  is  |18aton.  Material  from 
Liverpool  or  Antwerp  may  be  shipped  for  $6  to  S8  a  ton.  After  we 
established  our  office  there  we  found  it  necessary  to  run  a  steam- 
ship service  there.  Our  ships  leave  about  every  two  months, 
making  stops  all  along  the  line.  On  the  return  we  go  into  a 
general  merchandising  business." — Canadian  Engineer. 

Dissolutions  and  Liquidations.  —  Adams  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  Ltd. — The  following  creditors  were,  on  May  9th, 
appointed  a  committee  of  inspection  in  this  matter  : — Mr.  Price,  of 
Dunlop  Rubber  Co.,  Ltd.  ;  the  secretary  of  the  Varley  Magnet  Co. ; 
Mr.  Brain,  of  Thomas  Green  &  Co.  ;  Mr.  Watson,  of  the  Rochdale 
Electric  Co.  ;  Mr.  George  Smith,  of  James  Smith  (Norwood),  Ltd. 

H.  A.  Habvey  &  Co.,  Ltd.— A  petition  was  to  come  before  the 
Court  on  Wednesday  for  the  winding  up  of  this  company. 

Southport  and  Lytham  Tbameoad  Co. — A  meeting  is  called 
for  July  3rd,  at  14,  Castle  Street.  Liverpool,  to  hear  an  account  of 
the  winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  J.  T.  Wood. 

HiLO  Manufactdbing  (5o.,  Ltd  — A  meeting  is  called  for  July 
4th,  at  58,  Coleman  Street,  E.C.,  to  hear  an  account  of  the 
winding  up 

Canadian  British  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.  (registered  in  1910). 
— A  meeting  is  called  for  July  7th,  at  18,  Austin  Friars,  E.G.,  to 
hear  an  account  of  the  winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  P.  J. 
Hellis. 

R.  &  H.  DoBSON,  electrical  engineers,  39,  Dean  Road,  Salford. — 
Messrs.  Robert  &  Hugh  Dobson  have  dissolved  partnership.  The 
latter  attends  to  debts,  &c. 

Engineebing  Instbuments.  Ltd — This  company  is  winding  up 
voluntarily,  with  Mr.  J.  W.  Watson,  Tubwell  Row,  Darlington,  as 
liquidator.  An  agreement  has  been  made  between  Mr.  J.  E. 
Hodgkin,  on  behalf  of  the  company,  and  the  Skerne  Works,  Ltd., 
for  the  sale  br  transfer  of  the  undertaking  and  the  assets  to  the 
Skerne  Works,  Ltd.  A  meeting  of  creditors  is  called  for  June  11th, 
at  Savings  Bank  Chambers,  Tubwell  Row,  Darlington. 

Bulloughs  Adjustable  Rail  Joint  Support  Co.,  Ltd  — 
This  company  is  winding  np  with  Mr.  Raymond  Wells,  2-6,  St.  John 
Street,  Smithfield,  B.C.,  as  liquidator. 

Fire. — A  iBre  oir  Monday  afternoon  at  the  extensive 
grocery  premises  of  Mr.  William  Wakefield,  Hetton-le-Hole,  County 
Durham,  caused  damage  to  the  value  of  over  £5,000.  An  electrical 
plant  with  dynamos  was  completely  wrecked. 

Metal  for  Handling  icetic  Aoid. — Referring  to  an 

inquiry  in  our  last  issue,  the  British  Aluminium  Co.,  Ltd.,  write 
to  point  out  that  vesFcls  made  of  pure  sheet  aluminium  with  auto- 
genously  welded  seams  are  practically  immune  from  corrosive 
action  due  to  juices  c<intaining  acetic  acid.  The  information  may 
be  of  interest  to  other  readers  besides  the  correspondent  who  made 
the  inquiry. 

Trade  Announcements.— Messrs.  Peto  &  Radford, 

Ltd.,  who  have  been  at  100,  Hatton  rJarden,  E  C,  for  more  than 
25  years,  are  removing  their  London  headquarters  to  12,  Heddon 
Street.  Regent  Street,  W.,  where  they  will  have  facilities  and  space 
required  by  their  increasing  business,  including  covered  accommo- 
dation for  fitting  up  25  cars  at  a  time. 

Mr.  T.W.  Murray,  of  the  Felix  Street  branch  of  Messrs.  Drake 
and  Gorham,  Ltd.,  of  Westminster,  is  no  longer  connected  with  the 
firm. 

Messrs.  W.  A.  Shaw  &  Co.,  electrical  engineers,  of  Warren 
Street,  Stockport,  have  taken  new  premises  at  107,  Princes  Street, 
Stockport. 

Messes.  Edwabd  Le  Bas  &  Co.,  of  Dock  House,  Billiter  Street, 
E  C,  notify  that  their  telephone  numbers  have  been  altered  ;  in 
future  they  will  have  five  lines,  all  No.  5463  Avenue. 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,8ft4,  JoNK  6,  191:1.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


988 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Abercarn. — It  was  reported  at  the  May  meeting  of  the 

U.D.O.  that  the  B.  of  T.  had  refused  to  Krant  the  Council  a  prov. 
order  for  elootrio  liffht. 

AccrilltctOD. —  KoiiiU^oii  me  lampM  iii  tlie  Market  Hall 
are  to  bo  replaced  by  twenty  200-(',i'.  Osram  lampH.  It  is  computed 
that  the  change  will  eflect  a  Bavinjj  of  nearly  *4U  per  annum. 
The  recently-introduced  alternative  charge  with  regard  to  electric 
lil^htin);  has  been  adopted  by  47  persons. 

.itlierton. — The  D.C  has  approved  of  an  amended 
estimate  of  the  new  electrical  sub-station  prepared  by  Mr.  T.  L. 
Miller,  the  consulting  enf^ineer,  and  application  has  been  made 
to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  a  loan  of  £6,300  instead  of  £5,500. 

Banbrid{(f . — The  B.  of  T.  lias  decided  not  to  grant  the 
prov.  order  recently  souffht  by  this  Irish  town. 

Barrow-in-Furness. — At  the  T.C.  meeting  on  June  2nd, 
Alderman  Smith  stated  that  the  accounts  of  the  Electricity  Com- 
mittee for  the  yearendiuff  March  Slst  last  had  now  been  completed. 
The  total  capital  expenditure  upon  the  undertaking  had  been 
£120,802,  and  of  the  amount  they  had  repaid,  £39,250,  leaving:  the 
ezicting  debt  at  t:81,652.  The  revenue  durinpr  the  year,  as  com- 
pared with  the  preceding:  12  months,  had  increased  by  £1,094,  and 
it  was  the  largest  amount  they  had  ever  had.  Unfortunately,  the 
costs  had  increased  to  a  greater  extent,  namely,  £2,562,  and  the  net 
profits  had  been  reduced  to  £971.  The  increafed  revenue  was  made 
up  of  £609  for  lighting,  £526  for  power,  and  ^559  for  traction. 
On  the  expenditure  side,  they  had  had  to  provide  for  increased  rates 
and  increased  cost  of  coal.  The  output  was  increased  by  310,940 
units,  which  was  equal  to  22  per  cent.  Before  next  winter  it  was 
hoped  to  complete  the  extensions  to  the  works,  whereby  they  would 
be  able  to  reduce  the  cost  of  production.  The  report  was 
approved. 

Bexley  Heath. — Messrs.  Gillespie  &  Beales  recently 
organised  a  successful  demonstration  of  electric  cooking  with  the 
"  Tricity  "  cooker.  The  lectures  and  demonstrations  were  given 
by  Mr.  Grogan  on  the  British  Electric  Transformer  Co.,  Ltd.,  who 
has  interested  large  audiences  twice  a  day  during  the  past  week. 

Biriiiing^liam. — Sanction  has  been  received  from  the 
L.G.B.  to  the  borrowing  of  £50,000  for  the  erection  of  additional 
plant  at  the  Summer  Lane  Station. 

Bispliam. — Formal  sanction  has  been  received  for  the 
borrowing  of  £8,155,  of  which  £3,835  is  for  excess  expenditure 
on  buildings,  plant  and  street  lighting  ;  £2,780  for  additional  plant 
wanted;  and  £1,540  for  prospective  expenditure.  The  Board 
deferred  the  granting  of  the  Council's  application  for  a  loan  for 
the  extension  of  electric  lighting  to  the  Greenlands  end  of  the 
district,  because  the  consent  of  the  B.  of  T.  had  not  yet  been 
obtained  by  the  Council. 

Blackburn. — The  annual  report  of  Mr.  Wheelwright, 
the  borough  electrical  engineer,  on  the  electricity  department, 
shows  a  net  profit  of  £3,521  on  the  last  year's  working.  The  total 
units  generated  for  lighting,  power,  traction  and  heating  amounted 
to  6,108,685,  an  increase  of  nearly  a  million  on  the  previous  year. 
The  series  of  interesting  curves  published  with  the  statement  show 
the  progressive  character  of  the  undertaking,  which  has  approxi- 
mately 1,500  looms,  with  individual  motors,  connected  to  its  mains 
in  addition  to  other  power  users,  who  altogether  aggregate 
5,000  B.H.P.  The  report  states  that  a  noticeable  increase  has 
occurred  in  lighting  supply,  which  has  been  introduced  into  the 
electrically-driven  weaving  sheds.  A  second  turbine  set  has  been 
installed,  and  the  whole  of  the  first  three-phase  h.t.  contract  has 
been  completed.  The  original  turbine  installation  last  year  was 
greatly  delayed  by  the  strikes,  and  consequently  the  advantage 
from  its  use  was  not  felt.  One  of  the  curves  included  shows 
typical  loading  of  the  three-phase  mill  supply  on  March  17th  last, 
and  affords  an  instructive  comparison  with  typical  week-day  and 
Sunday  load  curves,  which  are  also  given. 

Brighton. — On  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  J.  Christie, 
engineer  and  manager  of  the  electricity  works,  the  Lighting  Com- 
mittee of  the  T.C.  recommends  the  purchase  of  electric  cooking 
apparatus,  to  be  let  out  on  hire,  at  the  cost  of  £250,  and  the 
purchase  of  six  Jackson  cookers  at  £12  Is.  each.  Mr.  Christie 
also  suggests  that  a  loan  of  £3,000  or  £5,000  should  be  applied 
for,  for  the  purchase  of  cooking  apparatus,  and  that  this  should 
be  included  in  a  large  loan  for  mains  and  feeders,  motors  and 
street  lighting  on  the  Front. 

Burnley. — The  electricity  department  has  decided  to 
construct  a  sub-station  in  the  Burnley  Lane  district,  and  the  esti- 
mated cost  is  £1,300.    Plans  have  already  been  passed. 

Canada. — The  City  of  Alberta  is  proposing  to  spend 
£65,000  in  extensions  to  the  electric  light  department. 

China. — The  General  Electric  Co.  is  supplying  through 
its  Chinese  branch,  three  h.t.  three-phase  alternators,  coupled  to 
Bolinders  oil  engines,  and  a  14 -panel  switchboard  for  the  Fatshan 
Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  which  will  supply  Fatshan,  near 
Canton, 


('leckh4'atoil, —  in  tin:  unnnul  liudint,'  accountH  for  lh<: 
year  ended  March  3Int,  the  electricity  and  dentructor  depart- 
ment of  the  Council  showB  a  loss  of  £630,  an  compared  with  » 
year  ago. 

Continental   Notes. — Rubsia. — According  to  a  report 

from  St.  Pet«rHburg,  the  electric  power  Mtation  at  the  well-known 
Briansk  Iron  and  Steel  Works  was  destroyed  by  fire  a  few 
(lays  ago. 

FnANOi;. — La  Soci^Ui  de  I'Energie  Electrii|ue  du  Littoral 
Meditcrraneen  reports  a  net  profit  of  £60,863  for  the  last  financial 
year,  as  compared  with  only  £47,1'')!  in  the  preceding  12  months. 

Croydon. — The  report  on  the  sixteenth  year  of  the  work- 
ing of  the  Corporation  electricity  works  was  prenented  at  the  B.C. 
meeting  on  Monday,  with  the  accounts.  The  borough  electrical 
engineer  (Mr.  Alex.  C.  Cramb)  rept»rted  an  increase  of  242, .')16  units 
sold,  of  which  56,55>i  were  for  heating  and  cooking.  It  was  horpe- 
less,  he  remarked,  to  expect  any  material  increase  of  busine.'ts  from 
cooking  until  the  Corporation  took  in  hand  a  satisfactory  scheme 
for  developing  this  business  by  hiring  out  cookers  at  reasonable 
rates.  The  increase  of  £4,082  in  capital  expenditure  was  entirely 
upon  distribution.  On  the  revenue  account  the  total  expenditure 
was  £40,063,  an  increase  of  £5,074  ;  and  the  total  receipts  were 
£66,740,  an  increase  of  £4,147.  The  cost  of  generation  went  up 
owing  to  the  [increased  coal  bill  ;  coal  contract  prices  had  risen 
from  Us.  lid.  per  ton  in  1909-10,  to  18s.  3d.  for  ceriain  contracts 
of  the  present  year.  There  had  been  an  advance  in  prices  from 
10  per  cent,  to  20  per  cent,  on  practically  all  material  purchased. 
At  the  end  of  the  year  the  reserve  fund  stood  at  £39,031,  plus 
£1,045  interest  on  investments,  but  £8,026  had  since  been  with- 
drawn for  new  plant.  There  were  outstanding  liabilities  for  work 
chargeable  against  this  fund  amounting  to  £7,693.  Owing  to 
the  coal  strike  in  the  spring  of  1912,  the  new  1,000-KW.  steam 
turbine  plant,  which  should  have  been  running  last  November, 
was  not  yet  complete.  A  credit  balance  of  £2,792  was  carried 
to  the  appropriation  account,  from  which  £3,000  was  taken  towards 
relief  of  the  rates.  The  auditors  pointed  out  that  £6,466  had  been 
debited  to  revenue  account,  which  might  have  been  regarded  as 
capital.  The  chairman  of  the  Lighting  and  Electricity  Committee 
strongly  protested  against  the  Finance  Committee  having  taken  a 
further  £  3,000  of  the  profits  to  relieve  the  rates,  against  the  Com- 
mittee's will.  The  money  was  needed  for  use  in  the  business. 
Alderman  Lillico  remarked  that  that  would  mean  that  the  rates 
would  never  get  any  benefit  at  all.  Alderman  Fox  suggested  that 
the  Committee's  plan  now  of  charging  certain  large  expenditures  to 
revenue  was  to  prevent  the  Finance  Committee  getting  anything  from 
the  rates  next  year.  Alderman  Betteridge  calculated  that  it  coal  had 
remained  at  the  price  it  was  three  years  ago,  they  would  have  been 
£8,000  or  £9,000  more  to  the  good.  An  amendment  that  the 
expenditure  on  certain  new  works  relating  to  distribution  and  a 
new  induced-draught  plant — involving  over  £1,700— should  not  be 
charged  to  revenue,  was  defeated  by  a  large  majority. 

Dundee. — The  accounts  of  the  Corporation  electricity 
department  for  year  ending  April  30th,  1913,  have  just  closed  with 
a  net  profit  of  £7,028.  The  increase  in  the  sale  of  units  is  between 
li  and  2  millions,  representing  an  increased  revenue  of  £4,00i  K  The 
bulk  of  the  increase  is  again  for  power  purposes,  although  there  is 
a  gratifying  increase  of  a  quarter  of  a  million  units  for  lighting. 
On  the  expenditure  side,  there  is,  of  course,  a  big  increase  in  the 
coal  account,  which  latter  is  fully  £3,00o  more  than  last  year, 
while  the  assessments  and  taxes  are  also  £1,000  higher  due  to  a 
certain  extent  to  the  large  profit  in  the  previous  year.  The  whole 
of  the  profit  has  been  allocated  to  the  reserve  fund,  bringing  this 
up  to  fully  £21,000,  which  is  very  creditable  when  it  is  considered 
that  this  has  practically  been  built  up  in  three  years. 

Eccles. — The  revenue  account  of  the  electricity  under- 
taking for  the  year  ended  March  31st,  shows  a  profit  of  £111. 
based  on  the  payment  for  energy  by  the  Salford  Tramways  Com- 
mittee from  April,  1912,  being  calculated  at  the  rate  of  Id.  per 
unit,  both  subject  to  adjustment  on  a  settlement  of  the  rate  to  be 
paid.  The  amount  has  been  transferred  to  the  credit  of  the  reserve 
fund. 

Officials  of  the  Corporation  have  discussed  with  officials  of  the 
Salford  Corporation  the  terms  of  settlement  in  reference  to  the 
price  to  be  paid  by  the  latter  to  the  Eccles  Corporation  for  energy 
supplied  to  the  cars  running  in  the  borough,  which  is  referred  to 
on  page  936. 

Epsom. — The  U.D.C.  has  appUed  to  the  L.G.B.,  for  sanc- 
tion to  borrow  £450  to  defray  the  cost  of  eervicea  in  connection 
with  the  electricity  undertaking. 

A  L.G.B.  inquiry  was  held  on  the  23rd  nit.,  into  the  Council's 
application  to  borrow  £500  for  laying  an  electricity  main  in  con- 
nection with  the  water  undertaking.  The  inspector  wa3  informed 
that  the  pumping  could  be  done  by  electricity,  at  the  rate  of  '^ld. 
per  thousand  gallons.  He  afterwards  visited  both  electricity  and 
waterworks. 

Ford. — The  Sunderland  R.D.C.  has  received  an  offer 
from  the  Durham  Electric  Supply  Co.,  to  illuminate  the  parish  of 
Ford  at  SOs.  per  annum  for  each  50-c.p.  lamp,  plus  Ss.  for  main- 
tenance. The  Council  has  asked  the  company  to  make  the  same 
offer  in  regard  to  the  areas  of  Castletown  and  North  Hylton. 

Guatemala. — The  town  of  Ocos  is  threatened  with  outer 

darkness.  According  to  the  Popular  Elevtricitij  Mtiiftizine,  a 
steamer  of  the  Kosmos  Line,  about  four  years  ago,  was  carried  into 
shoal  water  by  a  tidal  wave,  and  remained  fast,  though  undamaged, 
near  the  shore.     A  native  is  said  to  have  utilised  the  ship's  lighting 


934 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE\TEW.         [Voi.  72.   no.  i,854,  junk  e,  1913. 


plant  during  this  period  for  supplying  electricity  in  the  town. 
Now,  however  a  salvage  company  has  succeeded  in  refloating  the 
vessel,  and,  incidentally,  deprived  the  town  of  its  electricity  supply. 

Grimsby.— The  T.C.  has  received  from  the  L.G.B. 
sanction  to  loans  of  it  8,760  for  additional  plant  for  the  electricity 
works,  £420  for  extension  of  cooling  towers  and  oil  separators, 
and  £6,000  for  mains  (prospective). 

Halifax. — The  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee 
proposes  to  lay  a  h.  i .  cable  along  the  main  road  to  Well  Royd,  and 
then  to  erect  an  overhead  line  across  open  country  to  the  premises 
of  Messrs.  C.  Lindley  k  Co.,  Ltd.,  Beauvoir  W>irks,  Luddenden,  at 
an  estimated  cost  of  £1,364,  subject  to  the  consent  of  the  B.  of  T. 
being  obtained.  The  Town  Clerk  is  instructed  to  make  the  neces- 
sary application  to  the  B.  of  T. 

The  Corporation  has  received  the  sanction  of  the  L.G.B.  to  the 
borrowing  of  £2:?,180  for  the  provision  of  electricity  plant  and  mains. 

Hebden  Itridfre. — An  inquiry  was  held  by  Mr.  T.  C. 
Ekin,  on  behalf  of  the  L.G.B.,  into  the  request  of  the  Council  for 
sanction  to  borrow  .*:  8,250  for  extensions  to  the  electricity  works. 
A  ratepayer  who  was  present  at  the  inquiry  said  that  there  was  a 
feeling  amongst  ratepayers  that  as  regards  eflBciency  and  output 
the  works  had  not  come  up  to  expectations,  and  recently  the  supply 
of  electricity  had  been  very  erratic. 

Heston-Islewortll. — The  anomaly  of  chargin<,'  some 
lOOc.P.  lamps  at  .t;.'<  per  annum  and  others  £8  being  considered 
undesirable,  the  U.D.C.  has  adopted  the  electrical  engineer's  advice 
to  charge  all  such  lamps  in  future  at  £4  per  lamp  ;  and  also  to 
reduce  the  price  of  ."iO-c.p.  lamps  from  £3  to  £2  l.".s.  each.  This  will 
mean  a  reduction  in  the  Council's  charges  for  public  lighting  of 
£91  lU3.  per  annum,  and  a  corresponding  decline  in  revenue,  but 
the  concession,  it  is  felt,  will  be  ultimately  to  the  advantage  of  the 
department. 

Mr.  Rycroffs  annual  report  to  the  Electricity  Committee  states 
that  the  total  income  for  the  past  year  was  £8,878,  and  the 
working  expenses  £4,308,  leaving  a  gross  profit  of  £4,.569,  and  a 
net  profit  of  £409,  after  payment  of  £4,160  in  respect  of  interest 
and  repayment  of  principal.  The  net  capital  expenditure  at  the 
end  of  the  year  was  £66,970,  and  the  percentage  of  gross  profit 
to  capital  expenditure,  6'8  per  cent.  In  the  previous  year,  the 
total  income  was  £8,321,  the  gross  profit  £4.273,  and  the  net 
profit  £150.  The  output  for  the  12  months  in  units  generated 
was  1,094,789,  compared  with  1,040,774  for  the  previous  year. 
In  regard  to  units  sold,  there  was  a  net  increase  of  44,201,  which 
may  be  considered  satisfactory,  as  it  is  chiefly  made  up  of 
new  small  consumers  and  a  general  expansion  in  busineps. 
The  engineer  comments  on  the  number  of  improvements  effected 
during  the  year,  both  in  respect  to  machinery  and  the  organisation 
of  lighting  arrangements,  and  notes  with  satisfaction  that  the  first 
month  of  the  current  year  shows  an  increase  over  the  corresponding 
month  of  the  year  under  review  of  nearly  20,000  units. 

Japan. — According  to  the  last  Japanese  mail,  negotiations 
are  in  hand  with  the  view  of  effecting  an  amalgamation  of  the 
four  companies  at  present  supplying  electrical  energy  for  lighting 
and  power  purposes  in  Tokio. 

keig:hley. — The  Corporation  has  applied  to  the  B.  of  1'. 
for  an  order  for  powers  to  supply  the  urban  district  of  Bingley 
with  electricity  in  bulk.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  Board  to  make 
the  order. 

Leek. — At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  U.D.C.  it  was  inti- 
mated that  Messrs.  Nicholson  4:  Hall,  Ltd.,  a  large  firm  of  silk 
manufacturers,  would  not  renew  their  contract  for  supply  from  the 
Corporation  electricity  department  beyond  the  present  year.  The 
firm  intends  to  extend  the  use  of  electricity  throughout  its  mills, 
and  to  install  its  own  generating  plant  of  800  H.P.,  and  it  is 
expected  that  the  cost  of  power  will  be  not  more  than  ■55d.  per 
unit,  a  price  at  which  the  Council  is  unable  to  compete.  Special 
meetings  of  the  Council  and  Committees  are  being  arranged  to 
consider  the  matter. 

Leicester. — The  T.C.  on  ^lay  :?7th  adopted  recom- 
mendations from  the  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committee  to 
install  additional  generating  plant,  at  a  cost  of  £52,350,  in  order  to 
cope  with  the  demand  for  power.  A  5,000-h.p.  three-phase  turbo- 
generator is  to  be  installed  at  the  Lero  generating  station,  with 
reversible  rotary  converters,  switchgear,  ic,  and  steam-raising 
plant ;  at  the  Aylestone  station  a  500-h.p.  rotary  converter  is  to  be 
provided,  and  high  and  low-tension  cables  are  to  be  laid  in  the 
various  areas. 

Liverpool. — The  ilersey  Docks  and  Harbour  Board  has 
decided  to  lay  an  electric  supply  main  from  the  north-east  corner 
of  Salthouse  Dock  to  the  Albert  Dock  warehouses,  at  at  estimated 
cost  of  £800. 

Llandudno. — Madoc  Street  and  Lloyd  Street  are  about 
to  be  lighted  by  electricity. 

Representations  having  been  made  by  leading  hotel  proprietors 
for  more  favourable  terms  for  electricity  for  lighting  purposes, 
the  Electricity  Committee  recommended  to  the  Council  that  a 
supply  be  provided  at  3id.  per  unit  (as  now),  but  that  the 
minimum  should  be  reduced  from  15.000  to  10,000  units,  with  a  dis- 
count of  2  J  per  cent,  for  prompt  payment — these  terms  tD  apply  to 
all  consumers  of  10,000  units  per  annum.  The  Council,  however, 
has  adopted  an  amendment  to  the  effect  that  the  Electric  Light 
Committee  should  consider  whether  it  would  be  possible  to  make  a 
reduction  to  the  general  consumer. 


London. — Flluam. — The  gross  surplus  on  the  working 
of  the  undertaking  during  the  year  ending  March  31st  last  amounts 
to  £6,020,  as  compared  with  £2,512  in  the  previous  year.  The 
net  available  surplus  is  £4,6Gti,  and  gives  a  total  available 
revenue  balance  of  £7.899  to  be  carried  to  the  next  year's  account. 
The  revenue  account  shows  a  gross. income  of  £40,988,  as  compared 
with  £34,219  for  the  previous  year,  while  the  gross  expenditure 
amounted  to  £36,322,  as  against  £32,678.  The  total  number  of 
units  sold  for  private  purposes  during  the  year  was  3,091,160  at  an 
average  net  rate  of  2-3.52d.  per  unit,  as  compared  with  2,505,747 
units  the  previous  year,  at  an  average  rate  of  2'422d.  per  unit.  The 
percentageof  increase  in  the  units  sold  duriny  the  year  1912-13  over 
the  year  1911-12  is  thus  equal  to  234d.,  while  the  actual  increase 
in  income  derived  from  private  sales  was  £4,989.  The  outstanding 
capital  at  March  31st  amounted  to  i;235,104,  and  the  total  capital 
repaid  amounted  to  -C 49,363,  equal  to  1735  per  cent,  of  the  total 
loans  taken  up.  The  showroom  trading  account  shows  a  total 
income  of  £265,  against  an  expenditure  on  stores  of  £224  and  on 
rates,  taxes,  \:c.,  of  £155. 

An  expenditure  of  £295  has  been  authorised  for  the  complete 
equipment  of  a  new  sub-station  to  improve  the  supply  to  consumers 
on  the  Queen's  Club  Gardens  Estate,  West  Kensington.  An 
expenditure  of  £9S0  has  also  been  authorised  for  the  erection 
of  another  new  sub-station,  &c.,  at  Brandenburg  Road  to  improve 
the  supply  in  the  Crabtree  district. 

Bermoxdsey.— The  additions  at  the  electricity  station  have 
been  assessed  at  £1,590  gross  and  .i:530  rateable. 

•Manchester. — The  detailed  statistics  and  accounts  of  the 
electricity  undertaking  for  the  year  ended  March  3l8t,  which  were 
before  the  Electricity  Committte  last  week,  show  that  sales  of 
current  produced  £467,194,  as  against  £427,701  in  the  previous 
year.  Hire  of  motors  yielded  .i::0,293,  as  against  .<8,616.  Work- 
ing expenses,  other  than  capital  charges,  absorbed  £253,561,  as 
against  £215,895 — the  difference  being  due  to  additional  consump- 
tion of  coal,  expenses  of  new  business,  and  inflated  coal  prices.  The 
balance  left  was  £223,926,  as  against  £220,422.  Average  costs  of 
production  worked  out  at  r033d.  per  unit  sold,  against  r045d.  in 
1912.  The  co^t  of  coal  over  the  year  was  12s.  4 d.  per  ton,  against 
10a.  lOd.  in  the  previous  year.  Tde  average  price  realised  in  pence 
per  unit  sold  were  r085  for  lierhting  and  power,  and  r046  for 
traction,  as  against  1131  and  r017  respectively  in  the  previous 
year.  The  total  units  sold  were  104  millions,  against  93  millions 
in  the  previous  year.  On  mains,  the  net  addition  was  15  miles 
1,147  yards.  Important  developments  in  the  lighting  of  the  streets 
by  electricity  have  taken  place.  The  balance  of  .< 223,926  was 
appropriated  as  follows  :  Interest,  £67,74.'i  ;  statutory  sinking  fund 
and  voluntary  supplementation  thereof,  £127,850;  rate  aid, 
£24.500  ;  loss  on  India  3  per  cent,  stock,  £3,831. 

Mr.  T.  C.  Ekin  conducted  a  L.G.B.  inquiry  last  week  into  an 
application  to  borrow  £75,000  for  electricity  purposes.  Mr.  P.  M. 
Heath,  deputy  town  clerk,  said  the  sum  was  made  up  of 
£45,(100  for  mains,  £15,000  for  services,  and  £15,000  for  con- 
sumers" sub-stations.  Mr.  S.  L.  Pearce,  chief  electrical  engineer, 
said  they  were  asking  for  rather  less  than  the  amount  allowed  by 
the  Board  during  the  past  three  years.  For  the  year  ended 
March  3l8t  the  total  units  sold  for  all  purposes  was  104, 340,0ii(» 
units,  an  increase  of  nearly  11,000.000  units  on  the  previous  year. 
Mr.  P.  Percival,  who  opposed  the  application  on  behalf  of  the 
Ratepayers'  Association,  said  he  understood  that  the  money  for 
sub-stations  was  required  chiefly  for  large  power  consumers,  in 
which  case  these  consumers  had  an  unfair  advantage  over  the 
large  body  of  ratepayers.    The  inquiry  was  closed. 

Xeatb.— The  B.  of  T.  has  granted  the  R.D.C.  an  order 

empowering  it  to  supply  electricity  in  all  the  parishes  of  the  Vale 
of  Neath  and  the  Dulais  Valley. 

Nottingham. — The  Lighting  Committee,  reporting  on 
the  working  of  the  department  during  the  year  ended  March  Slat 
last,  states  that  experiments  are  still  being  carried  out  with  clock- 
work automatic  lighting  and  extinguishing  apparatus,  which  con- 
tinues to  act  very  efliciently.  The  apparatus  is  now  attached  to 
486  lamps.  As  the  most  efficient  method  of  lighting,  four  powerful 
electric  lamps  have  been  erected  across  the  middle  of  the  open 
ppace  at  the  top  of  Derby  Road.  This  had  proved  most  satisfactory, 
both  as  regards  the  lighting  and  the  reduction  of  the  danger 
arising  from  the  cross  traffic. 

Portsmouth. — A  special  Electric  Light  Sub-Committee 
is  considering  the  electric  power  rates  charged  in  various  towns 
with  a  view  to  generally  reducing  the  rates  in  Portsmouth  and 
securing  a  better  motor  load. 

St.  Helens. — A  L.G.B.  inquiry  was  held  on  May  28th 
into  the  application  of  the  T.C.  for  a  loan  of  •(•3,700  for  electricity 
purposes — £1,049  in  respect  of  excess  expenditure  on  a  loan  of 
£10,800  sanctioned  in  1911,  £511  for  switchgear,  and  t;2,010  for  a 
2,000-KW.  alternator.     There  was  no  opposition. 

Salford. — The  Council's  e.h.t.  switchgear  is  to  be  divided 
into  two  parts  ;  this  proposal  will  involve  the  provision  of  three 
extra  isolation  switches  and  five  blank  operating  panels ;  the  work 
is  to  be  carried  out  by  the  British  Westioghouse  Co. 

Stafford. — In  pursuance  of  the  arrangement  as  to  prolit- 
sharing  by  the  employes  at  the  E.L.  works,  the  T.C.  has  for  the 
past  year  paid  a  bonus  of  990  per  cent,  on  the  wages  paid,  as 
against  117,  104  and  7'9  per  cent,  in  the  three  previous  jairs. 


I 


Vol.72.    1^0.  1,864,  JuNic  6,  lOlii.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


986 


Ntoke-on-Trcnt.— 'rii<!  T.(".  Ims  decuUid  to  lay  u  lii},'li- 
tonsion  main  from  the  Burslom  workH  to  tho  TunHliiIl  binmilury,  in 
order  to  Hupplj  'vi  ri'iifi^  current  to  Mr.  Alfred  Moiikin'n  Hit;lilcnto 
Tile  Works  and  tho  Qoldondalo  Iron  Workn.  Tho  coBt  will  be 
£3,600. 

Stretford, — Tlic  U.D.C.  is  prcsuntly  contcmplatinf?  coii- 
siderablu  extonKions  to  plant,  ito.,  1,000  KW.  iw  mentioned,  at  tho 
Keneratin^c  station  at  Longford  Hridfjfe.  The  capuuity  of  the  plant 
at  present  is  1,800  kw. 

Swansea. — After  considcrin}^  the  price  of  current  sup- 
plied to  theatrea  and  picture  halls,  the  Electric  Light  and  Tram- 
ways Committee  of  tho  T.('.  has  decided  to  reduce  the  chartfe  from 
SJd.  to  3td.  per  unit.  The  revenue  derived  from  these  places  of 
amusement  is  about  £2,000  a  year. 

Tempo, — An  electric  li<j;litinj,'  company  has  been  formed 
in  this  Ulster  village,  the  power  required  bein}j  obtained  from  a 
suction  pas  enjjfineand  water-wheel  at  a  local  saw  mill. 

Ventnor. — 'I'lie  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  enter  into  a  three 
years'  agreement  with  the  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.  for  public 
lighting,  with  24  >S00c.p.  lamps. 

Wallasey, — The  Electricity  Committee  contemplates 
extensions  on  a  large  scale  and  the  T,C.  is  to  be  asked  to  confirm  a 
recommendation  that  borrowing  powers  to  the  extent  of  £65,000  be 
applied  for.  The  scheme  is  to  secure  a  site  near  the  gasworks  and 
build  a  new  three-phase  power  station.  It  is  proposed  to  use  the 
present  building  in  Seabank  Road  as  a  transforming  and  converting 
sub-station. 

Waterford. — Mr.  Mark  Ruddle,  city  electrical  engineer, 
Dublin,  has  visited  the  town  at  the  request  of  the  Corporation  to 
report  as  to  the  advisability  of  starting  a  municipal  electricity 
Bupply  undertaking. 

West  Ham. — The  Education  Committee  has  decided  to 
experiment  by  heating  a  school  with  electricity. 

Wood  Green, — At  the  May  meeting  of  the  U.D.C,  an 
important  statement  was  made  by  Mr.  W.  P.  Harding,  the  clerk, 
upon  the  present  position  of  the  electric  light  question.  As  already 
reported  in  the  Elkcteical  Review,  the  Tottenham  and  Edmon- 
ton Gas  Co.  has  promoted  a  Bill  to  supply  the  district  of  Wood 
Green  with  electric  light,  and  the  North  Metropolitan  Electrical 
Power  Supply  Co.  is  also  anxious  to  supply  the  district.  The  clerk 
reported  that,  as  the  result  of  a  two  days'  inquiry  held  by  the 
B.  of  T.  into  the  application  of  the  North  Metropolitan  Power  Dis- 
tribution Co.  for  a  prov.  order,  the  Board  decided,  after  hearing  all 
parties,  not  to  proceed  further  with  the  application.  On  May  1st  a 
Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  sat  to  hear  the  application  of 
the  North  Metropolitan  Electric  Power  Supply  Co.  to  allow  it  a 
locKs  to  oppose  the  Bill  of  the  Gas  Co.,  but  the  Committee  decided 
that  the  Supply  Co.  was  not  entitled  to  be  heard  in  opposition  to 
the  Bill,  and  disallowed  the  locu.t  accordingly.  The  petition  of  the 
Tottenham  Urban  District  Council  against  this  portion  of  the  Bill 
had  been  withdrawn.  Several  hundreds  of  notices  had  been  served 
upon  the  owners,  lessees  and  occupiers  of  all  dwelling  houses 
within  300  yards  of  the  proposed  site  of  the  Gas  Co.'s  generating 
station,  and  only  one  objection  had  been  offered.  It  would  now  be 
open  for  the  Electric  Power  Co.  to  apply  to  the  Committee  of  the 
House  of  Lords  for  a  hwii-t,  but,  in  view  of  the  facts,  the  clerk  con- 
cluded there  was  very  little  chance  of  any  Committee  of  the  House 
of  Lords  allowing  a  luais  at  this  stage. 

Worcester, — The  accounts  of  the  electricity  undertaking, 
which  were  presented  to  the  City  Council  on  Monday,  showed  that 
the  income  for  the  year  ending  March  31st,  1913,  amounted  to 
£19,4iy,  compared  with  £17,294  for  1911-12,  an  increase  of  £2,124. 
There  was  a  net  profit  of  £tl40,  but  this,  and  a  sum  of  £1,52()  from 
the  general  district  fund,  had  been  spent  in  carrying  out  improve- 
ments, chiefly  in  adopting  the  change  from  single-phase  to  poly- 
phase system.  This  change  over  had  been  expedited  because  of  the 
unprecedented  increase  in  the  demand  for  power.  During  the  year, 
62  new  customers  had  been  conneoted,  and  the  total  increase  of 
demand  was  equal  to  9,742  30-watt  lamps.  There  bad  been  an 
addition  of  61,721  units  for  lighting,  and  for  power  purposes  an 
increase  of  303,840  units.  The  costs  of  production  had  fallen, 
despite  substantial  increases  in  certain  charges,  from  I'Od.  to  '94  Id. 
per  unit  sold.  The  chairman  of  the  Committee  said  there  had  been 
a  phenomenal  demand  for  power  and  lighting.  The  capital 
expenditure  on  the  undertaking  had  been  £168.588,  and  £81,000 
had  been  written  off. 

Worthing. — Acting  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Elec- 
tricity Committee,  the  T.C.  approved  of  extensions  to  the  plant  and 
buildings  at  the  generating  station  at  an  estimated  cost  of  1:6,750. 
Of  this  sum  £4,850  is  for  extensions  of  the  plant  ;  and  in  recom- 
mending the  purchase  of  a  Diesel  engine  of  approximately  400  b.h.p., 
direct-coupled  to  a  generator  of  2G0-k\v.  capacity,  the  resident 
electrical  engineer,  Mr.  G.  Porter,  says  that  the  experience  of  the 
past  16  months  with  Diesel  engines  has  been  extremely  satisfactory. 
During  the  year  ending  March  31st  last,  the  u.se  of  the  oilplant 
enabled  the  fuel  bill  to  be  reduced  by  £750  with  an  increase  of 
10'8  per  cent,  in  the  number  of  units  sold,  as  compared  with  the 
figures  for  the  previous  year.  The  proposed  extension  of  the 
engine  room  buildings  will  afford  space  for  a  future  350-KW.  set 
when  required. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Alx'tdeen. — 'I'Ik'  'I'riunways  Coinmittee  haH  approved  of 

th(!  report  and  rccoiiiniendationH  of  a  Sub-Committcc  regarding 
the  tram  ways  txtenHioii  in  tho  city.  'I'ho  Hoheme  iiivolveo  the 
running  of  motor-oinnibuHCH  and  the  tquipincnt  and  runDin((  of 
railicHu  trolley  cars.  The  estimated  co8t  in  £7,h3o  and  £6,230 
reBpectively, 

.iccrinKton. —  For  wome  time  past  the  accommodation  at 
the  car-HhedshaH  been  inadequate,  and  -Mr.  Pilling,  general  manager, 
has  now  prepared  a  preliminary  report.  The  Electricity  Committee 
has  gone  into  the  matter,  and  the  borough  engineer  has  been 
instructed  to  prepare  plans  for  an  extension. 

Binjfley. — A  conference  ha.s  been  held  Ijctwecn  repre- 
sentatives of  the  U.D.C.  and  of  the  Bradford  Corporation  with 
reference  to  the  commencement  of  the  Bingley  tramway.  At  a 
meeting  of  the  U.D.C.  Mr.  Dawson,  who  formed  one  of  the  sub- 
committee, stated  that  after  discussion  the  conclusion  arrived  at 
was  that  there  was  no  reason  why  the  Corporation  should  not  go 
on  with  the  work  of  laying  the  line  forthwith.  The  [wwers 
granted  required  that  the  work  of  construction  was  to  be  sub- 
stantially commenced  within  12  months,  and  as  the  powers  were 
granted  on  August  6th  last  year,  he  thought  the  requirementd 
would  be  met,  and  that  every  preparation  was  being  made. 

IMackpool.— On  May  80th  the  brake  on  a  Promenade  car 
at  the  Gynn  failed  to  act,  and  the  car  ran  across  the  road,  crossed 
the  Fleetwood  tramlines,  and  was  only  prevented  from  descending 
the  steep  Warbrick  Hill  by  colliding  with  a  trolley  standard. 
Fortunately  there  was  no  Fleetwood  car  passing,  or  there  might 
have  been  a  serious  smash. 

Bradford. — The  city   ti'amways   traffic   report  for    the 

54  days  Of  the  year  show  that  the  receipts  were  £46.018,  and  the 
car-mileage   920,800,  against  £44,193,    and  892,262  miles  for  the 

55  days  of  last  year.  The  receipts  for  the  present  year  show  an 
increase  of  £1,825  on  last  year. 

Briglioase,— The  T.C.  has  complained  to  the  Halifax 
Corporation  about  the  totally  inadequate  service  of  cars  from 
Brighouse  to  Bailiff  Bridge,  especially  since  the  inauguration  of 
the  Bradford  Corporation  tramway  service  to  that  place. 

Croydon, — The  figures  presented  at  the  B.C.  meeting  on 
Monday  showed  increased  mileage  run  and  a  considerable  decrease 
of  passengers,  due  to  motor-'bus  competition.  To  meet  it  the 
whole  of  the  Council's  75  cars  were  in  service  on  a  recent  Saturday, 
Sunday  and  Monday.  The  chairman  of  the  Tramways  Committee 
(Councillor  Denning)  declared  that  it  would  be  suicidal,  with  the 
present  competition,  to  reduce  the  mileage. 

Darwen, — Instead  of  giving  the  work  to  an  agent  as 
formerly,  Darwen  Tramways  Committee  have  decided  to  take  over 
all  matters  concerning  advertisements  on  Corporation  tramcars. 

Davj'hulme, — An  agitation  has  been  set  on  foot  for 
securing  the  running  of  cars  through  Trafford  Park  to  Davyhulme, 
a  village  near  the  Ship  Canal,  which  is  being  rapidly  developed. 

Edinburgh, — Following  suggestions  as  to  the  possibility 
of  adapting  self-propelled  cars  to  the  existing  service,  Mr.  W.  A. 
Stevens,  of  the  Tilling-Stevens  Co,,  makers  of  the  electric  'bus  and 
car,  visited  Edinburgh  last  week,  and  accompanied  by  the  burgh 
engineer,  inspected  certain  routes.  The  power  stations  were  also 
inspected.  Later,  Mr.  Stevens  had  an  interview  with  Mr.  Shepherd, 
manager,  and  Mr.  Harris,  engineer,  of  the  Edinburgh  Tramway  Co. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  Tramway  Committee  held  later  in  the  week, 
Mr.  Stevens  stated  that  there  would  be  no  diflSculty  in  applying 
the  self-propelled  car  to  any  of  the  lines  in  Edinburgh.  On  the 
other  hand,  he  was  afraid  that  the  Edinburgh  cable  car  could  not 
be  adapted  to  the  petrol-electric  chassis.  That,  he  explained,  would 
be  commercially  impracticable.  The  Committee  also  discussed  the 
report  of  the  deputation  which  visited  various  English  towns  in 
connection  with  the  tramway  developments. 

Greenock, — The  Corporation  has  appointed  a  deputation 
to  collect  information  regarding  the  railless  trolley  system.  The 
intention  is  to  introduce  the  system,  if  it  is  found  suitable,  in  the 
upper  parts  of  the  town  where  such  facilities  are  urgently 
required. 

Huddersfield, — The  difficulties  between  the  Huddersfield 
Corporation  and  the  W.R.  County  Council  and  the  District  Councils 
of  Blland  and  Greetland  in  regard  to  the  proposed  tramway 
extension  from  Birchencliffe  to  West  Vale  have  been  overcome. 
The  extension  is  to  be  completed  within  three  years,  and  Long  Wall 
is  to  be  widened  to  27  ft.  for  its  whole  length.  This  latter  work 
will  cost  .£1,500,  and  has  been  apportioned  as  follows  : — Hudders- 
field Corporation,  £525  ;  W.R.  County  Council,  £525  ;  Elland 
Council,  .£325  ;  and  Greetland  Council,  £125. 

Hurst, — The  U.D.C.  has  decided,  subject  to  the  consent 
of  the  B.  of  T.,  to  grant  a  lease  for  five  years  of  the  tramways  to 
the  Ashton-under-Lyne  T.C.  It  is  not  intended  to  reserve  any  rent 
by  the  lease,  but  the  T.C.  will  covenant  to  expend  £300  on  renew- 
ing the  tramways  during  the  five  years,  and  to  pay  any  part  of  that 
sum  not  actually  expended  to  the  U.D.C.  at  the  end  of  the  term. 


936 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,854,  June  6,  1913. 


1943 

23,335.008 

899,932 

£1,007,652 

£20,372 

10-36d. 

dec.   igd. 

•77d. 

dec.  -OSd. 

311,180,086 

35,869,701 

13-34 

ro6 

Glasgow. — The  representative  of  the  Review  in  Glasgow 
has  been  favoured  with  the  following  offijial  report  of  the  year's 
working  of  the  T.C.'s  Tramways  Department :  — 

Average   track  mileagre    open  Increase, 

during  year  (single) 

Car-mileage      

Traffic  receipts  

Traffic  receipts  per  car-mile... 
Traffic  receipts  per  passenger 
Passengers  carried 
Passengers  per  car-mile 

The  following  statement  gives  the  number  of  paesengers  carried 
at  each  fare  : — 

Maij  3I.XI',  1913.  May  31;</,  1912. 

id 191,944,261  121,212,468 

let  two-stage  -              —  9,062.479 

2nd  do.       ...  —  9,058,()82 

Id 87,676,208  104,334,320 

lid 20,354,233  20,337,702 

2d 6.191,033  6,258,659 

2td 2,761,y92  2,736,945 

3d 1,317,543  1.340,308 

Bid 1,076,768  1,109,998 

4d 158,048  158,824 


311,480,086 


275,610,385 


Leeds. — The  Corporation  Parliani'mtary  Committee  has 
decided  to  promote  a  Bill  in  the  next  Session  providing  for  exten- 
sions of  the  tramway  and  railless  traction  systems. 

The  Corporation  Tramways  Committee  has  decided  to  establish 
id.  fares  on  the  Headingley,  Roundhay  and  Chapletown  routes  at 
the  earliest  pof  sible  moment. 

Liverpoo], — The  Council  at  its  meeting  this  week  will 
consider  a  motion  as  to  the  practicability  of  using  the  tramways  for 
the  conveyance  of  goods  to  neighbouring  towns. 

London. — The  first  of  the  tramway  trailer  cars  was  put 
into  service  by  the  L.C.C.  on  March  1 7th,  the  B.  of  T.  consent 
being  for  three  months.  The  Board  has  now  asked  for  a  report 
on  the  working  of  these  cars  at  the  expiration  of  that  period,  and 
the  Highways  Committee  being  of  opinion  that  experience  should 
be  gained  in  their  use  over  conduit  routes  of  greater  length  has 
asked  the  Board  to  sanction  their  being  run  on  the  Merton  cir- 
cular route,  I  la  Tooting,  Clapham,  and  the  Victoria  Embankment. 

In  connection  with  the  opening  of  the  Rushey  Green 
and  Forest  Hill  tramway,  on  May  29  th,  the  L  C.C.  allowed 
the  public  free  rides  on  that  day  in  order  to  give  publicity  to  the 
new  route. 

A  Progressive  member  of  the  L.C.C.  is  urging  the  desirability  of 
issuing  monthly  and  quarterly  season-tickets  on  the  tramways  in 
view  of  the  popularity  of  return  tickets  on  South  London  routes. 

An  article  recently  appeared  in  the  Financier  criticising  the 
experimental  conversion  of  three  old  horse  cars  for  petrol-electric 
working.  The  article  refers  to  the  success  of  the  Tilling-Stevens 
petrol-electric  motor-'bns,  but  considers  that  the  expsrimental  tram- 
way car  is  a  patchwork  arrangement,  which  cannot  do  justice  to  the 
petrol-electric  plant  and  system  of  working.  It  points  out  that 
the  petrol  consumption  is  wasteful,  viz.,  8  miles  per  gallon,  or  the 
same  as  for  a  motor-omnibus  requiring  300  per  cent,  more  tractive 
energy  per  ton.  The  article  concludes  that  the  new  car  distinctly 
suggests  that  it  has  been  a  case  of  "  too  many  cooks,"  and  that  this 
is  borne  out  by  the  fact  that  the  L.C.C.  engineering  department 
appear  to  have  superintended  the  whole  job. 

Newcastle-on-Tyne. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Tramways 
Committee,  on  the  May  29th,  the  chairman  made  his  annual  state- 
ment. He  said  the  year  j  ast  closed  had  been  one  of  records  in 
income,  expenditure,  gross  profit,  and  net  surplus.  During  the  year 
they  had  taken  for  traffic  £226,281,  and  for  parcels  £1,810,  a  total 
of  £228,091,  and  an  increase  over  the  previous  year  of  £11,.')00. 
There  had  been  received  for  public  street  lighting  £4,619,  and  for 
lighting  for  public  buildings  £1,007,  for  advertising  on  the  cars 
they  had  received  £3,078,  and  with  other  items  the  total  income 
reached  £238,204,  an  increase  of  £11,570  over  the  previous  year. 
The  traffic  expenditure  had  been  ,£64,493,  against  £(Ui,CG3  in  the 
previous  year;  general  expenses  totalled  £18,674,  against  £17,730. 
This  increase  was  largely  accounted  for  by  the  increase  of  rates 
and  taxes,  and  the  extra  charges  for  accident  and  fire  insurances. 
For  general  repairs  and  maintenance  the  expenditure  had  been 
£25,943  against  £27,122.  They  had  had  to  pay  out  of  the  reserve 
fund  £1,229  for  car  renewals.  On  the  permanent  way  they  had 
expended  £7,692  against  1 5,800,  the  outlay  being  simply  for  the 
repair  of  streets,  and  on  the  electric  equipment  they  had  spent 
£2,088,  compared  with  £3,612.  Power  expenses  had  been  £11,998 
against  £9,239,  an  increase  almost  wholly  due  to  the  late  coal 
strike.  The  coal  bill  bad  been  £8,191,  as  compared  with  £5,410. 
During  the  strike,  the  Committee  secured  iteelf  by  buying  and 
stocking  a  very  large  quantity  of  coal,  and  it  had  to  buy  it  at  a 
considerably  enhanced  price,  which  more  than  doubled  the  coal 
bill  for  the  time.  The  Committee  could,  however,  congratulate 
itself  on  the  fact  that  it  had  always  snflicient  coal  in  stock,  and 
was  able  to  keep  a  full  service  of  cars  running  without  having  to 
shut  down  a  single  minute  during  the  whole  progress  of  the 
strike.  After  the  settlement  it  had  to  purchase  again  at  a  high 
price,  and  for  the  present  year  the  coal  bill  was  estimated  at  just 
about  twice  the  amount  it  was  before  the  strike,  viz.,  £10,000. 
During  the  year,  £3,510  had  been  spent  on  maintenance  and  repairs 


he 

I 


at  the  power  station  and  the  sub-stations.  The  cost  of  repairs  to 
steam  and  electrical  plant  was  also  higher  owing  to  increased 
attention  to  the  machinery  necessitated  by  wear,  and  here  it  might 
l)e  stated  that  the  Committee  had  placed  an  order  with  Messrs. 
Parsons  ii  Co.  for  a  new  turbine.  This  provision  was  necepsary  to 
meet  the  peak  load.  The  total  working  expenditure  for  the  year 
had  been  £129,019  against  £122,012,  and  there  was  a  gross  profit 
of  £109,184.  Out  of  this  there  had  been  paid  for  interest  on  loans 
£30,431  and  £39,5.50  for  sinking  fund,  leaving  a  surplus  for  the 
year  of  £38, .504.  Of  this  sum,  £12,000  had  been  paid  to  the  relief 
of  the  rates,  and  after  meeting  certain  other  items  there  remained 
£21,189  to  go  to  the  reserve  and  renewal  fund,  which  would  make 
it  £119,407.  He  mentioned  that  no  lees  a  sum  than  £60,000  was 
included  in  this  year's  estimates  for  renewals. 

Nottiu;(liani. — The  City  Council  at  its  meeting  on 
Monday  adopted  the  annual  report  of  the  Tramways  Committee. 
The  report  showed  that  the  receipts  for  the  year,  exclusive  of  in- 
terest on  investments,  amounted  to  £167,100,  an  increase  of  £4,562. 
The  average  per  mile  was  ll'SOd.,  or  an  increase  of  ■28d.  over  the 
previous  year.  The  working  expenses  amounted  to  £108,273  (in' 
crease  £2,1 11),  leaving  a  balance  of  £58,886.  This  has  been  dii 
posed  of  as  follows  : — To  interest  on  stock  and  loans,  X.  14,349  ; 
repayment  of  capital,  £19,761  ;  in  aid  of  district  rate,  £19,000  ; 
reserve  and  renewals  fund,  £4,775  ;  and  to  part  cost  of  removal 
centre  poles  in  Mansfield  Roaid,  £1,000.  The  increase  of  expend! 
ture  includes  £1.340  in  wages  of  traffic  staff  and  £1,128  in  main- 
tenance charges.  Against  this  increase  is  a  saving  of  £1,448  in 
the  reduced  consumption  of  electrical  energy.  The  maintenance 
chargesof  £18,683  include  £8,517  expended  upon  cars,  £1,305  upon 
the  overhead  electrical  equipment  and  £8,361  upon  permanent  way. 
A  number  of  new  and  improved  motors  have  been  charged  against 
the  reserves  and  renewal  fund,  which  now  stands  at  .£63,744.  The 
cars  ran  3.485,789  miles,  an  increase  of  9,527  over  the  previous  year, 
the  result  of  increased  services  on  two  of  the  busiest  routes.  The 
number  of  passengers  carried  (38,484,032)  was  an  increase  of 
2,4."i7,561.  There  was  an  increase  of  3,008,954  in  the  number  of 
children's  tickets  issued.  This  concession,  however,  affected  the 
issue  of  penny  tickets,  in  which  there  was  a  decrease  of  947,090,  as 
against  an  increaseof  395.713  in  those  of  a  higher  figure.  Ordinary 
penny  tickets  formed  74'69  per  cent,  of  the  total  issued,  «nd  the 
least  used  were  the  workmen's  2d.  and  the  ordinary  3  id,    ares. 

The  discussion  of  the  report  produced  a  string  of  suggestions  for 
the  improvement  of  the  undertaking. 

In  reply.  Aid.  Radford  said  the  Corporation  was  applying  for 
powers  for  railleis  trolleys  in  the  Bill  now  before  Parliament.  It 
might  go  on  reducing  fares  until  it  cut  the  revenue  away 
altogether.  The  Committee  had  considered  the  question  of  transfer 
tickets,  but  could  not  see  that  the  thing  was  practicable  with  efficient 
working  of  the  system.  '  Pay- As- You-Enter '' cars  would  be  con- 
sidered, but  the  question  arose  how  to  prevent  the  blocking  of 
traffic  at  busy  times.  The  Committee  were  unanimous  that 
universal  penny  fares  were  not  practicable. 

The  report  was  adopted. 

On  the  Sherwood  section  of  the  Nottingham  tramways,  work  is 
in  progress  in  the  removal  of  the  central  trolley  wire  standards  ; 
with  the  completion  of  this  work  the  last  remaining  centre  poles 
in  the  city  will  have  disappeared,  side  poles  for  the  central 
standards  having  been  substituted  along  the  other  routes. 

The  Corporation  has  decided  to  drop  all  the  clauses  relating  to 
the  running  of  motor-'bnses  outside  the  city  in  the  Bill  which  it  is 
promoting  in  the  present  Session  of  Parliament.  As  a  consequence 
of  this  action  the  West  Bridgford  Council's  Bill,  the  object  of 
which  is  to  provide  a  motor-'bus  service  for  its  district,  will  now  be 
proceeded  with.  The  original  proposal  in  the  Corporation's  Hill 
wag  to  run  a  motor-'bus  service  from  the  city  through  the  Bridgford 
district,  also  through  the  urban  districts  of  Carlton  and  Arnold. 

Pljinouth. — The  solicitor  to  the  London  and  Soutb- 
Westem  Railway  Co.  has  informed  the  Corporation  that  Clause  33 
of  the  Bill  promoted  by  the  company  with  respect  to  road  vehicles 
has  been  withdrawn.  By  Clause  33  it  was  provided  that  the  com- 
pany may  work  in  connection  with,  or  extension  of,  their  whole 
railway  system,  "road  vehicles"  driven  by  horse,  electrical  or  any 
mechanical  power,  for  the  conveyance  of  passengers,  luggage,  parcels 
and  goods,  "  whether  to  and  from  any  of  their  stations  or  other- 
wise." Spirited  opposition  is  responsible  for  the  result  stated 
above. 

Salford, — The  Council  has  accepted  the  offer  of  the 
Eccles  Corporation  to  supply  current  to  the  Salford  tramways  in 
Eccles  for  a  term  of  five  years  at  ri2">d.  per  unit  for  a  minimam 
consumption  of  675,000  units  per  annum,  and  for  all  above  that 
quantity  at  '75d.  per  unit.  A  coal  clause  is  to  l>e  inserted  in  the 
agreement. 

South  Shields. — The  annual  report  on  tlie  working  of 
the  Corporation  tramways  just  issued,  shows  that  the  net  profit  of 
£6,318  creates  a  record,  being  an  increase  of  £654  on  the  previom 
year.  The  total  revenue  was  £34, l.'il,  an  increase  of  £1,219.  The 
receipts  averaged  10  06d.  per  car-mile,  as  againbt9  71d.in  theprevioM 
year.  The  working  expenses  show  a  slight  increase — £19,221,  M 
against  £1^.420,  or  5'66d.  per  car-mile,  against  5'44d.  in  the 
preceding  12  months.  This  increase  is  principally  due  to  advancei 
of  employe.^'  wages,  and  payment  under  the  lasnrance  Act,  the 
maintenance  costs  being  practically  the  same  as  last  year.  Out  of 
the  gross  profit  of  £  14,930,  £8,612  was  paid  for  interest  and  sinking 
fund.  The  practice  of  the  tramwa.Ts  department  in  carrying  on 
its  own  insurance  has  amply  justified  itself,  the  total  amount  p«id 
in  accident  claims  being  £497,  which  included  the  costs  of  a  ca»e 
carried  into  court.    The  profit  on  carrying  68,000  parcels  was  £284. 


I 


I 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,864,  Junk  «,  191.1.] 


THE    ET.KCTRTCAL    REVIEW. 


987 


Siinderlanil. — Tlio  manuKor  of  tho  Corporation  tram- 
ways (Mr.  A.  U.  DayHOii)  hnn  reported  to  the  TramwayH  Comniittro 
upon  the  re<|iieBt  of  tho  Suntlerland  DiBtrict  TramwayH  (!o.  for 
running  powerw  over  <ho  Corfwration'B  lincB  from  riranpftown  to 
the  oontro  of  the  town.  Tho  Committee  agreed  that  Buch  powers 
are  desirable,  and  haB  conRcnted  to  ^rant  them,  i)rovidin(r  it  haB 
jHJwer  to  do  so,  upon  conditionB  to  be  mutually  agreed  upon. 

WaltlianisfOW.  —  Notice  of  olijection  is  to  be  drawn 
apainst  the  asRespment  of  the  IrnmwajB  undertaking;  a  Hpecial 
Committee  is  to  conhider  the  recriranination  of  the  staff  and 
emploji's  in  the  tramway  department. 

West  Hartlepool.— At  a  special  meeting  of  the  T.C.  on 
May  'J'.ah,  Alderman  Susrijitt  moved  a  repolntion  authoriBinpr 
application  to  the  Liprht  Railway  Commissioners  for  an  order  under 
the  189G  Act,  amendinpr  the  West  Hartlepool  Lijjht  Railway  Order, 
1897,  with  the  object  of  assurintj  for  the  Corporation  further 
powers  with  reference  to  the  borrowirtr  of  money,  &c.  It  was 
explained  that  with  respect  to  the  purchase  of  the  tramways  by 
the  Corporation  it  had  the  necessaiy  powers  for  all  stctions 
with  the  exception  of  the  Seaton  Carew  section  which  was  con- 
Btructcd  under  the  Light  Railways  Act.  It  was,  therefore, 
necessary  to  obtain  those  powers  by  an  amendment  of  the  order. 
The  resolution  was  adopted. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Greece. — A  Bill  has  been  introduced  into  Parliament 
sanctioning:  an  outlay  of  1  i  million  francs  for  the  purpose  of 
extending  the  telegraph  and  telephone  networks. 

Imperial  Wireless   System.  —  The  Select  Committee 

on  the  Marconi  Contract  fat  on  Monday  and  yesterday  to  consider 
the  chairman's  draft  report  on  the  rumours  regarding  the  dealings 
of  Ministers  in  shares.  The  Tiiiifx  states  that  alternative  reports 
were  put  forward  by  the  Unionist  and  Liberal  members  respec- 
tively, treating  the  question  on  party  lines. 

Libel  ActiOD. — The  action  for  libel  brought  against 
Mr.  C.  Chesterton  by  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs  was  still  in  progress 
yesterday.  Last  week  Mr.  Samuel  and  a  number  of  official  witnesses 
were  examined  as  to  the  course  of  the  negotiations  between  the 
Post  Office  and  the  Marconi  Co.  Sir  Rufus  Isaacs  was  then  called, 
and  in  the  course  of  cross-examination,  stated  that  the  facts 
regarding  his  purchase  of  shares  of  the  American  Marconi  Co.,  and 
his  dealings  with  Mr.  Lloyd  George,  were  privately  communicated 
by  him  to  Mr.  Falconer  and  Mr.  Booth,  members  of  the  Select 
Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons,  before  the  journalists  were 
examined  by  the  Committee.  [It  will  be  remembered  that  the 
Committee,  by  a  majority  vote,  refused  to  allow  the  witness  to 
answer  a  question  as  to  whether  any  of  the  Committee  had  received 
private  information  of  this  nature.]  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs  was  next 
examined  and  described  the  negotiations  with  the  Post  Office.  He 
stated  that  at  present  the  company  had  1,600  telegraph  stations 
on  board  merchant  fhips.  There  were  also  installations  on  board 
some  ships  and  on  board  men-of-war  which  were  not  managed  by 
the  company.  The  company  had  supplied  16:-!  military  field  stations 
and  200  or  300  land  stations.  The  company  employed  about  200 
skilled  engineers,  and  the  total  number  of  employes  was  about 
3,000.  All  the  £250,000  7  per  cent,  preference  shares  were  now 
issued.  In  addition  to  the  £500,000  ordinary  shares,  £250,000 
ordinary  shares  were  created  in  October,  1911,  and  the  subscribed 
capital  of  the  company  was  now  £1,000,000.  The  company  was 
incorporated  in  1897,  and  down  to  the  beginning  of  1910  no  divi- 
dend was  paid.  The  preference  shares  were  created  in  1908,  and 
the  first  dividend  on  them  was  paid  in  1910.  On  September  1st, 
1911,  an  interim  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  was  paid  on  the  ordinary 
shares,  and  the  dividend  for  the  year  on  the  ordinary  shares 
was  20  per  cent.  From  1910  down  to  1912  the  business  of 
the  company  increased  very  largely.  In  July,  1911,  the  contracts 
in  hand  amounted  to  about  £250,000,  and  in  July,  1912,  they 
amounted  to  about  a  million  sterling.  The  latter  sum  included 
the  Post  Office  contract,  which  amounted  to  £360,000 — six  stations 
at  £60,000  a  station.  After  the  declaration  of  a  dividend  in  August, 
1910,  the  value  of  the  Marconi  ordinary  shares  began  steadily 
to  rise. 

Mr.  Isaacs  was  cross-examined  with  regard  to  companies  with 
which  he  had  been  previously  connected,  and  stated  that  he  had 
never  received  any  complaint  from  any  shareholder  or  from  his 
co-directors  in  respect  of  any  of  those  companies.  The  Judge 
repeatedly  intervened  to  check  the  cross-examining  counsel. 

On  Monday  Mr.  Ifaacs's  examination  was  concluded,  and  on 
Tuesday  Mr.  Marconi  was  the  principal  witness  ;  he  expressed  the 
greatest  confidence  in  the  ability  and  integrity  of  Mr.  Isaacs,  and 
similar  evidence  was  given  by  former  colleagues  of  the  latter.  The 
case  for  the  defence  was  then  opened. 

Loaded  Telephone  Lines. — According  to  the  Journal 

TeUgraphiq}u\  the  longest  line  in  Europe  provided  with  Pnpin 
loading  coils  is  that  between  Stockholm  and  Lnlea,  l,299i  km.  in 
length.  The  Pupinised  line  betw'Ven  Berlin  and  Aix-la-Chapelle  is 
almost  700  km,  long. 


Xorway. — A  stibmurinc  l«ll  hag  been  placed  at  Lille 
Facrdor,  at  the  entrance  to  ChriHtiania  Fjord.  The  bell  In  worked 
by  electricity. 

.\ose  Telephone. — A  new  telejihone  tranfniitter  ban 
been  devised  l)y  Dr.  JuIcb  Glover,  with  a  now-pie'ie  intended  to 
catch  tho  nacal  noundH  which  occur  ho  frequently  in  the  French 
language,  for  example,  and  which  are  lost  when  the  ordinary 
mouthpiece  is  uned  alone. 

Telephone  Cable   from  Duhlln  to  llolj head.— The 

telephone  trunk  line  conntctine  the  General  Pout  Offi(«,  Dublin, 
with  the  new  cable  which  croKHeH  from  Holyhead  to  Howth  haa 
now  been  completed.  The  wires  are  carried  on  high  standards, 
which  have  been  set  at  seme  distance  from  thoae  of  the  Tramway 
Co.  ThcBtandards,  inHtcad  of  being  place fl  on  the  road,  have  been 
erected  on  concrete  foundations  in  the  sea  along  the  edge  of  the 
harbour,  and  are  carried  thence  on  the  western  side  of  the  railway 
line  to  the  city. 

Wireless  Service  between  Oermany  and  imerica. 

—  Experiments  have  been  made  since  the  end  of  January  last 
between  the  Telefunken  station  at  Nauen,  near  Berlin,  and  the 
station  at  Sayville,  Long  Island,  which  is  owned  by  the  Atlantic 
Communication  Co.,  of  New  York.  These  experimentB  have  given 
satisfactory  results,  and  have,  for  the  first  time  since  the  inception 
of  wireless  telegraphy,  allowed  radio-telegraphic  messages  to  be 
sent  across  the  ocean  on  the  route,  New  York-Berlin.  The  distance 
bridged  in  this  connection  works  out  at  about  6,500  km.,  whereas 
the  distance  between  Ireland  and  Canada,  where  a  Marconi  service 
has  for  some  years  been  in  operation,  is  only  about  3,200  km.  The 
experiments  above  referred  to  are  being  continued  with  a  view  to 
collecting  all  necessary  data  for  establishing  a  regular  radio- 
telegraphic  service.  We  are  not  informed  whether  the  communica- 
tion is  effective  during  daylight  hours. 

Wireless  Telephony. — A  record  in  telephony  is  claimed 

to  have  been  accomplished  by  the  Telefunken  Co.,  of  Berlin,  in 
connection  with  the  experimental  station  at  Nauen  by  the  use  of 
the  company's  high-frequency  machine  for  the  production  of 
sparkless  oscillations,  in  conjunction  with  a  new  method  of  switch 
arrangement.  Having  previously  notified  various  receiving  stations 
of  the  intention,  extracts  from  newspaper  articles  were  recently 
read  aloud  at  the  Nauen  station,  and  are  said  to  have  been  trans- 
mitted distances  of  from  370  to  430  miles,  as,  for  instance,  to  the 
Vienna  Technological  Museum,  where  they  were  perfectly  under- 
stood by  Prof.  Kann. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Accrington. — The  electrical  engineer  has  been  instructed 

to  prepare  specifications  and  obtain  tenders  for  the  work  of 
replacing  14  carbon  arc  lamps  in  the  Market  Hall  by  20  200-c.P. 
Osram  lamps. 

Atherton.— June  lOth.  Two  150-KW.  single-phase 
transformers,  for  the  U.D.C.     See  "Official  Notices"  May  30th. 

June  nth.— Contract  No.  1 :  Sub-station  buildings  ;  No.  2  :  extra- 
high-tension,  high-tension  and  low-tension  switchboards  and  trans- 
formers ;  No.  3  :  mains.     W.  Gamett,  Clerk  to  U.D.C,  Town  Hall. 

Australia. — Victoeia. — June  11th.  Switchgear  and 
instruments,  for  the  Melbourne  City  Council.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  April  25th. 

June  24th. — H.D.  copper  wire,  telephone  parts  and  telephones,  for 
the  P.M.G.    See  "Official  Notices  '  May  23rd. 

July  1st.  Telephone  instruments  and  submarine  cable,  for  the 
P.M.G.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  May  23rd. 

July  8th.  —  Common  -  battery  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.s 
Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  8th.— Rubber-covered  wire,  batteries,  telephone  switch- 
boards, measuring  instruments  and  telephone  instriunents,  for  the 
P.M.G.     See  'Official  Notices"  May  30th. 

Tasmania.— June  9th.  Telegraph  and  telephone  material  for 
the  P.M.G.'s  Department.    See  "Official  Notices"  May  23rd. 

Queensland.— August  27th.  Five  sections  of  common-battery 
multiple  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

September  10th.— Nine  sections  of  trunk  line  switchboard,  for 
the  P.M.G.     See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Westebn  Austealia.  —  July  9th  and  30th  and  August  6th. 
Telegraph  and  telephone  material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department. 
See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

June  nth.  Metal-filament  lamps,  for  the  P.M.G.  See  "Official 
Notices"  May  23rd. 

July  23rd.  — Telegraph  and  telephone  instruments,  for  the 
P.M  G.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  23rd. — Telephone  switchboards  and  parts,  for  the  P.MG. 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  30th.— Cable,  switchboard,  for  the  P.M,G.  See  '  Official 
Notices  '  to-dav. 


938 


THE    ELECTRICAi    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,854,  June  6,  1913. 


South  Australia.— Jnlj  16th.  Telegrraph  and  telephone 
material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "  OfiBcial  Notices  " 
to-day. 

New  South  Wales.— July  9th.  Switchboards,  for  the  P.M.G. 
See  '■  Official  Notices  "  May  30th. 

Austria. — June  13th.  The  Austrian  State  Railway 
authorities  in  Vienna  are  invitinp  tenders  for  an  electric  power 
installation  at  the  Railway  boiler  works  at  Simmering. 

Belirinni. — June  14th.  The  Belgian  Telegraph 
authorities,  at  La  S^lle  Madelaine,  Brussels,  are  inviting  tenders 
for  .^,2.31  metres  of  telegraph  cables,  with  accessories. 

Brazil. — June  23rd.  Tenders  will  be  received  for  the 
establishment  of  rubber- refining  works  (1)  in  Manaos,  capital  of 
the  State  of  Amazone  ;  (2)  and  in  the  States  of  Piauhy,  Ceara,  Rio 
Grande  do  Norte,  rernamhuco,  Bahia  and  .Sao  Paulo  :  and  (3)  for 
the  manufacture  of  rubber  poods  in  the  towns  of  Manaos,  Belen 
do  Para,  Recife  and  Bahia.  Particulars  from  the  Bureau  de 
Renseignements  die  Bresil,  .59,  Rue  Richelieu,  Paris. 

Chile. — .September  10th.  According  to  an  advertisement 
in  the  Tim/'/t,  tenders  are  invited  for  the  establishment  of  a  "thermo- 
electric central  station  and  distribution  of  electric  energy  at  the 
port  of  Valparaiso."  Particulars,  ic,  can  be  obtained  at  the  offices 
of  the  Chilean  Legation,  -IS,  Grosvenor  Square,  W.  Tenders  to 
Offices  of  Ports  Commission,  Santiago. 

France.— Xkvers. — August  31st.  The  city  of  Nevers 
has  opened  a  competition  with  a  riew  to  the  supply  and  installa- 
tion of  a  water- hoisting  system  at  the  new  waterworks.  Steam, 
suction  gas  or  electric  motor  systems  may  be  submitted,  the  power 
required  being  equal  to  raising  normally  120  litres  of  water  to  a 
height  of  72'30  metres  actual.  Particulars  and  plans  from  M.  Hnet, 
Ingenieur  en  Chefs  des  Fonts  et  Chanse^es,  2,  Rue  de  la  Poissonnerie, 
Xevers. 

Germany. — July  3rd.  The  Prussian  State  Railway 
authorities  f Maschinen-Amt.  2)  at  Bremen,  are  inviting  tenders  for 
two  electrically-operated  coal-loading  cranes. 

Halifai. — June  0th.  One  natural  draught  chimney  type 
water  cooling  tower,  for  the  Electricity  Department.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  May  2.'5rd. 

Ilunf^rj. — June  15th.  The  municipal  authorities  of 
Torokbeose  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  concession  for  the  public 
and  private  electric  lighting  of  the  town.  Deposit  5.000  kronen. 
Particulars  from  the  Gemeinde  Notarsamt,  Torokbecae.  Hungary, 

MARaTCPVAB. — June  l.'ith.  Tenders  are  invited  for  the  supply 
and  erection  of  an  electric  lighting  installation  at  the  Royal  Salt 
Mines  at  Torda.  Particulars  of  the  K.  I'ng.  Oberbergamt, 
Marojuavar,  Hungary. 

Leyton. — June  2-l:tb.  Electric  lighting  and  hot-water 
heating  for  the  new  Church  Road  Schools,  for  the  T'.D.C.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

London. — St.  Paxcras. — June  0th.  Welsh  and  other 
steam  coal  for  the  Electricity  Department,  57,  Pratt  Street,  N.W. 

L.C  C. — June  2-fth.  One  50-ton  overhead  travelling  crane  for 
Greenwich  generating  station.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

June  25th. — Electrical  installation  at  Randall  Place  Elementary 
School,  Greenwich,  S.E.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

HAM.MFRSMITH.— June  18th.  Air-cooled  static  transformers,  for 
the  Borough  Council.    See  "Official  Notices'"  to-day. 

SouTUWAKK.— June  11th.  Supply  of  cable  for  12  months,  for 
the  Borough  Council.    See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Manchester. — June  7th.  The  Electricity  Committee 
invites  tenders  for  the  supply  of  stores  required  during  the  12 
months  ended  June  30th,  I'.il-}.  Particulars  and  forms  of  tender 
from  Mr.  F.  E.  Hughes,  secretary.  Electricity  Department,  Town 
Hall. 

Xewcastle-under-Lynie. — Tune    2ist.      Supply    and 

laying  of  cables,  for  the  Corporation.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

\ewport  (Mon.), — July  1st.  Refuse  destructor  for  the 
T.C.     Borough  Engineer,  Town  Hall. 

Portsnioath. — June  llth.  Wiring  for  electric  light 
installation  at  Workhouse  Infirmary  extensions,  4:c.,  Milton.  See 
"Official  NoUces"  May  16th. 

Rawtenstall. — June  lOth.  One  1,500-kw.  turbo-alter- 
nator complete  with  condenser,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  May  2:ird. 

South  Africa.— Wei-i.ix(;to\  (Cai-e  Province). — Ten- 
ders are  called  for  an  electric  lighting  installation  for  the  munici- 
pality comprising  two  70n  n.p.  suction  gas  engines  and  producers 
(or,  as  an  alternative,  superheated  steam  engines),  two  -IR-kw. 
three-wire  dynamos,  one  10-kw.  motor-balancer,  and  one  three- wire 
battery  booster  set,  battery  and  distilling  plant,  switchboard,  pole.s, 
copper,  insulators,  feeder  pillars,  travelling  crane,  meters,  instru- 
ments, A;c  ,  also  for  erection,  overhead  equipment.  4:c.  Specifica- 
tions on  deposit  of  certified  cheque  for  10  guineas,  payable  to  the 
order  of  the  Town  Clerk,  Wellington,  from  Mr.  Chas.  G.  Trevett, 
consulting  engineer,  70.  Fietcher"a  Chambers,  Cape  Town. 

Southampton. — June  19th.  Electric  lighting  of  the 
old  pavilions  at  the  Infirmary,  Shirley  Warren.  See  "Official 
Notices"  May  30th. 


Spain. — June  IGth.  The  municipal  authorities  of 
Montalban  (province  of  Cordoba)  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  con- 
cession for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period  of 
13  years. 

Stalybridj^e. — .Fune  7th.  Engine  fuel  and  stores  for 
the  Joint  Tramways  and  Electricity  Board  for  12  months,  com- 
mencing July  1st  next.  Specification,  kc,  obtainable  from  Mr,  R. 
Blackmore,  Engineer-in-Chief,  Generating  Station,  Stalybridge. 

Swansea. — June  Gth.  Installation  of  electric  light  and 
bells  at  the  new  training  college,  Glanmor,  for  the  Education 
Committee.    See  "Official  Notices"  May  23rd. 

Swindon. — June  23rd.  Cooling  tower,  water  softening 
plant  and  flanged  cast-iron  piping,  for  the  Electricity  Department. 
See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

West  Hartlepool. — Tune  14th.  Two  300-KW.  rotary 
converters,  complete  with  transformers,  switchgear,  &c..  for  the 
Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices"  May  30tb. 


CLOSED. 

Belgium. — Two  tenders  were  submitted  to  the  Socicto 
du  Canal  et  des  Installations  Maritimes  de  Bruxelles  for  the  supply 
of  five  electrically- operated  3-ton  cranes  for  the  loading  of  steamers 
on  the  Brussels  Ship  Canal,  the  lowest  being  that  of  the  Soci^te 
des  Ateliers  de  Constructions  Electriques,  of  Charleroi. 

Bennis  Contracts. — The  following  contracts  have  been 
received  by  Messrs.  E.  Bennis  &  Co.,  Ltd. : — 

Rawien&tall  CorporatiOD  electricity  station. — Two  etokere  and  self-cleaning 

compressed-air  furnaces  (repeat  order). 
Rochdale  Corporation  electricity  works.— Four  chain-grate  stokers. 
British  Insulated  &  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.,  Prescot.— One  chain-grate  stoker 

(repeat  order). 

Bolton. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  Mr.  T.  W.  Ward,  Sheffield,  for  150  tons  of  old  rails,  and 
that  of  Messrs.  Todd  Bros.,  St.  Helens,  for  50  tone. 

The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the  following  tenders  :— 

B.I.  &  Hclsby  Cables,  Ltd.— Cables. 

Doulton  i  Co.—  Conduits. 

T.  Wragg  &  Sons.— Conduits. 

Brighton. — The  Lighting  Committee  of  the  T.C.  has 
accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Gardner.  Locket  &  Hinton,  Ltd.,  for 
not  less  than  -10,000  tons,  or  more  than  48,000  tons  of  Grangerigg 
washed  nuts  for  the  Sonthwick  electricity  works  for  two  years,  at 
168.  5d.  tier  ton. 

Coventry. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 

Edgar  Allen  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  track  lay-out  at  the  car-shed  of 
manganese  steel,  at  £31. "i  ;  and  that  of  Messrs.  Shaw  ilt  Nicholas, 
for  the  erection  of  a  car-shed,  at  £3,838. 

Derby. — The  E.L.  Committee  of  the  T.C.  has  accepted 
the  tender  of  Messrs.  Newton  Bros,  for  a  motor-alternator,  at 
£1,835,  and  that  of  Messrs.  Greaves  &  Co.  for  chains  for  the  coal 
elevator  and  conveyor,  at  £54. 

The  Tramways  Committee  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the  Brush 
Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  five  roof  covers  for  tramcars, 
at  £548. 

Eccles. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Thos. 
Beeley  &  Son,  Ltd.,  for  a  Lancashire  boiler  at  the  electricity  station. 

Harrogate. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Ferranti,  Ltd.,  for  switchboard  extensions  for  the  new  generating 
plant,  at  £195, 

Hull. — The  City  Education  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  J.  Walsh,  Ltd.,  for  installing  electric  light  at 
Saner  Street  Schools,  at  £271. 

Leeds. — 'i'he  Tramways  Committee  of  the  'J'.C.  has 
accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Wra.  Airey  A;  .Son,  for  the  erection  of 
a  tramway  shed,  depot  and  workshop  offices  at  Sovereign  Street,  at 
£22,199. 

Liverpool. — The    T.C.    has    accepted    the    following 

tenders  :  — 

National  Steam  Car  Co.,  Ltd.— Motor  cbassis  for  the  Tramways  Department. 
Pope's  Electric  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.— Annual  supply  of  Mwait  and  60-watt 

metallic-filamfnt  lamps. 
J.  Hunter  &  Son,  Ltd.— About  8,C0O  yd.  of  worsted  serge  for  use  in  the 

Tramways  and  Electricity  Departments. 

London.  —  Leytox.  —  The  U.D.C.  has  received  the 
following  tenders  for  the  supply  of  cable  for  the  new  feeder  to 
Leigh  Road  : — 

B.  H.  Todd (accepted)  £1,719 

btandard  Cable  Co.,  I/td 1,797 

Western  Electric  Co.,  Lt<i,                                 l,»» 

B, I.  and  Hclsby  Cab'Ob.  Ltd.                 1,8117 

Heinens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd,                                             ..         ..  I,e87 

\V,  T.  Henley's  T.W.  Co.,  Ltd 1,880 

Glover  A:  Co.,  Ltd 1.860 

Johnson  &  Phillips,  LUl l.KOO 

Electrical  Engineering  and  Equipment  Co 1,984 

Callender'3  Cable  Co  ,  Ltd IM'i 

General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd 2,040 

Pirelli,  Ltd 2,088 

Union  Cable  Co.,  Ltd 2,IC8 

General  Cable  Manufactaring  Co 3,170 

Connolly  Bros 2.8M 


I 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,«fi4,  JUNB  n,  1913.1 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


989| 


Tenders  for  annual  RupplioH  of  meterR  hnvo  bncn  nccnptod  from 
Vennnr  \  Co..  Electrical  Apparatus  Co.,  H  T.II.  ('o.,  B.I.  and  IIclHby 
CabloK,  Ltd. 

'  The  quotation  of  the' British' WeRtin(,'houso  Kleotric  ond  Manu- 
facturiiiu  Co.,  Ltd.,  hns  been  accepted,  at  £  Hi  lOi.,  for  a  spare 
nrmntiire  for  two  2;"i-li,i'.  fnn  motors,  and,  at  £21,  for  a  spare 
ormnturn  for  two  S-ii.r.  machines. 

Mauvi.kiiom;  —  The  followincr  tenders  have  been  accepted  by  the 
U.C.  for  supplies  to  the  electricity  department :  — 

Flenibl*  oordfl.— Pirolll,  r.til. ;  Armordurt  MuiiufaotiiringX'''- 
Carbon  hriiBlios. — Tjn  Carli'^np,  Fjtd. 
f  Box  compound.— Tlio  DiisRck  Co. 
Rnblipi-  insertion.— North  Brltinli  Riilihcr  Co. 
Pft'a  »ti-i|i  iinrl  lilfick  tapp.  — Slomnna  BroH. 
Wlii'c  Silfsian  tapo. — J.  Nnrtli  Hardy  A  Co. 
Fir.'proof  tapi'— Siemens  Bros. 
Biiliber  niatB  and  manliole  rinKi.  -Mossra.  Inernm. 

The  tender  of  Herbert  Morris,  Ltd.,  hoa  olso  been  accepted,  at 
£400.  for  four  lOton  travelling  cranes  at  the  Ay  brook  Street  sub- 
station. 

The  Local  Government  Records  and  Museums  Committee  received 
the  foUowiusr  tenders  for  electric  liehtingr  installation  at  Gefifrye's 
Almshouses,  Shoreditch,  which  buildings  are  now  beine:  adapted  for 
museum  purposes  :  — 

W.  C.  Tackley  &  Co..  Ltd (recommended)  £113 

II.  H.  A. T.  Pearson,  r.td 119 

CnnninRham,  I,td 184 

G.  Weston  &  Sons,  Ltd 149 

F,.  I.awrance  &  Sonn,  Ltd 161 

C.  H.  Cathcart&Co 22.5 

L.C.C. — The  Highways  Committee  received  tenders,  as  below,  for 
(O  slot  rails  and  conductor  tees;  (2)  track  rails  and  fastenings; 
I  ;0  special  track  rails,  renewable  guards  and  fastenings,  for  the 
tramways  :  — 

(1) 

Frodingham  Iron  and  Steel  Co (recommended)  £17,812 

.John  Batt  &Co.,  Ltd 15,711 

Walter  Scott.  Ltd 16,566 

Cliicf  Engineer's  estimate,  £16,875. 

(2) 

High  f  ilicon 
Carbon     steel  (Oandberg 
steel.  process). 

A.  W.  Nve  (Soci^t(i  Anonyme  d'Ougr<>e.Mari- 

baye,  Belgium)  (fish  bolts  not  quoted  (or) . .  £19.930  — 

Bolckow.Vaugban&Co..Ltd 24,822  £26,072 

(recommpnded) 

J.  Batt  &  Co.  (London),  Ltd 24,470  25  599 

Walter  Scott,  Ltd 24,512  26,012 

A.    Brown    A    Co.   (Soc.   Anon,  des    Acieries 

d'Angleur,  Belgium) 26.892  27,840 

Barrow  Hrematite  Steel  Co.,  Ltd 26,526         (no  tender) 

Cammell.  Laird  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (fishplates  only  quoted  for) 

(3) 

Bolckow,  Vaugban  &  Co.,  Ltd £17,014  £17,476 

(recommended) 
Barrow  Hfpmatite  Steel  Co.  (no  bolts  quoted)  . .     17,441  (no  tender) 

J.  Batt  *  Co.,  Ltd 18,604  19,197 

Walter  Scott,  Ltd 19,481  30,106 

For  an  overhead  travelling  crane  for  the  permanent  way  depot, 
Leven  Road,  Poplar,  the  tenders  received  were  : — 

J.  Spencer  &  Co..  Ltd (recommended)  £72 

Hisginbottom  &  Mannock  84 

Thos.  Smith  ,&  Sons  90 

East  Ferry  Road  Engineering  Works  Co.,  Ltd 107 

The  Committee  has  extended  for  a  year  contracts  with  the 
Morgan  Crucible  Co ,  Ltd ,  the  Sloan  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.,  and 
Messr.s.  W.  Geipel  &  Co.,  for  carbon  traction  motor  and  other 
brushes  for  electrical  machinery. 

Bermondsey.— The  B.C.  received  tenders  for  time  switches  from 
the  Adnil  Electric  Co.,  the  Bat  Meter  Co.,  G.  Branlik,  Chamberlain 
and  Hookham,  Ferranti,  W.  Geipel  v^:  Co.,  Landis  ^:  Gyr,  Reason 
Manufacturing  Co.,  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  and  Veritys, 
Ltd.    The  offer  of  the  Reason  Co.  was  accepted. 

IMaidstone. — The  Electricity  Committee  of  the  T.C.  has 
accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Wm.  Cory  4;  Son,  Ltd.,  for  a  year's 
supply  of  coal  as  follows: — Northumberland  rough,  Kis.  6d.  per 
ton  ;  Yorkshire  house  screenings,  18s.  6d.  per  ton, 

Newport  (Mon.). — At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Elec- 
tricity Committee,  tenders  for  a  turbo-alternator  and  for  a  600- KW. 
n.c.  generator  were  considered,  and  after  careful  consideration  of  a 
report  of  the  tenders  (prepared  by  the  borough  electrical  engineer, 
Mr.  A.  Nichols  Moore),  the  Committee  recommended  for  acceptance 
the  tender  of  the  A. E.G.  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  .3,000-kw.  turbo- 
alternator,  and  that  of  the  Lancashire  Dynamo  Co.  for  a  (jOO-KW. 
ij.c.  generator.  We  understand  that  in  the  case  of  the  turbo- 
alternator  the  accepted  tender  was  the  most  favourable  and  advan- 
tageous, the  price  being  approximately  4;  1,000  lower  than  that  of 
any  English  tenderer,  and  earlier  delivery  was  guaranteed.  The 
Bteam  consumption  guaranteed  was  also  lower. 

According  to  the  discussion  which  took  place  at  the  special 
Council  meeting  on  Tuesday,  as  reported  in  the  'J'impn,  Mr.  John 
Moxon,  the  chairman  of  the  Electricity  Committee,  said  that  they 
had  no  option  but  to  ask  the  Council  to  go  outside  the  country  for 
the  bigger  plant.  There  were  36  tenderers  for  the  turbo-generator, 
and  28  for  the  direct-current  generator.  No  English  firm  came 
anywhere  near  the  price  quoted  by  the  German  firm.  It  was 
unfortunate  to  have  to  go  out  of  the  country,  but  they  as  a 
Corporation  could  not  afford  to  be  philanthropists.  The  matter  of 
the  Germans  being  able  to  supply  at  a  lower  cost  than  that  of 
British  manufactures  was  explained  by  the  existence  in  Germany 
of  a  "common  good  fund,"  provided  jointly  by  the  manufacturers 
and  the  State,  to  recoup  any  loss  a  manufacturer  may  sustain  in 
such  a  contract.     Another  point  was  that  the  English  firms  had 


modifled''thc*eontract  conditionn'iwt'down'by  the  Corporotion.  and 
no  Knglinh  firm  could  carry  out  the  whole  of  the  work.  If  th» 
contract  wrh  let  to  Knglixli  miiniifnottirerH,  it  would  mean  that  the 
Council  wouhi  have  todeol  with  three  tirmH,  and  they  ha»)  had  soma 
experien<!0  in  the  matter  of  dividing  reBpfinBihility  in  unch  cm#p. 

In  the  Bpccch  of  Mr.  Uobjent,  oh  refK)rt<!d  in  thfi  .Vnnmiiu/h/ihirf 
Emihiii  I'ott,  this  gentleman  said  that  aH  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mittee he  did  not  eonHent  to  the  main  contract  going  out  of  th« 
Tnited  Kingdom.  The  loiiH  of  wages  to  our  workp^'ople,  comparwl 
with  the  Bniiill  copital  coBt  Baving,  wa«  a  weighty  argument 
against  acceptance  of  the  tender.  While  the  British  mannfactorerH 
had  combined  together  and  inserted  in  their  tenderB  certain  con- 
ditions, which  were  not  conditions  acceptable  to  the  Committee, 
on  the  other  hand,  the  German  firm  had  practically  swx^pted  the 
whole  of  the  conditions  the  borough  electrical  engine<:r  pot 
forward.  A  good  many  things  had  happened  Rince  that  time. 
The  English  manufacturers  had  been  given  to  understand  the 
position,  and  the  result  had  been  that  they  agreed  to  the  whole  of 
their  conditions,  and  at  the  present  moment  they  compare*!,  to  all 
intents  and  purpoees,  with  the  German  manufacturer.  They  had 
modified  very  considerably  their  tenders,  and  whilst  the  A. E.G.  Co. 
had  imposed  fresh  conditions,  the  English  manufacturers  had  come 
down. 

NnneatOD. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
W.  Lucy  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  25  street  lamp  brackets,  at  14b.  6d.  each. 

Sal  ford. — The    following    tenders    have  been  accepted 

by  the  T  C.  :— 

J.  Gerrard  &  Sons,  Ltd.— Erection  of  new  extra-higb-tension  switch-house 
and  toundations  at  the  Frederick  Road  electricity  station,  £997. 

Bertram  Thomas.— Copper  strip  for  main  lighting  and  power  switch- 
board. £302. 

British  ThomsonHouston  Co.,  Ltd.— Switcheear  required  (or  the  bulk 
supply  meter  house  of  the  Lanes.  Electric  Power  Co.,  £1,352. 

Bell  Bros.— Annual  supply  of  natural  black  oil.  Is.  Id.  per  gallon. 

South  America. — IMessrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  ^A'orks, 
Ltd.,  have  received  a  contract  for  the  supply  of  "Wotan"  pure- 
drawn  tungsten  wire  lamps  for  a  large  town  in  South  America. 
The  lamps,  which  have  just  been  dispatched  from  their  Shacklewell 
Lane  stores,  are  mainly  intended  for  street  lighting.  The  total 
number  of  lamps  for  the  consignment  is  3(5,100,  and  the  total  c.p. 
2,117,000.  The  highest  c.p.  lamp  employed  will  be  400,  and  the 
lowest  1().  These  lamps  are  for  a  circuit  voltage  of  20i>.  "  Wotan  " 
lamps  were  decided  upon  after  exhaustive  tests. 

SouthamptOD. — The  following  tenders  were  received  by 
the  T.C.  for  the  installation  of  electric  light  at  the  Regent's  Park 
School : — 

L.  Groves  &  Co (accepted)  £121 

P.  W.Cook  &  Co 175 

J.  Davis  &  Co 185 

A.  Kingman  &  Co 189 

W.  Dibben  &  Sons  265 


rORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 


Boyal  Institution  of  Great  Britain.- Saturday,  June  7th.— At  8  p.m.  Lec- 
ture on  "Radioactivity;  The  Radioactive  State  of  the  Earth  and  Atmos- 
phere," by  Prof.  E.  Rutherford. 

Salford  Technical  and  Engineering  Association.— Wednesday  evening, 
June  11th.  Visit  -  Pollock  &  McNab,  Ltd.,  Britannia  Machine  Tool  Works, 
Bredbury. 

British  Engineers'  Association.— Thursday,  June  12th.  At  2.16  p  m.  At 
Institution  Rooms,  200,  Buchanan  Street,  Glasgow,  Meeting,  Mr.  T.  C. 
Stewart  presiding.  Addresses  by  Captain  T.  C.  FitzHugh  and  others 
on  "China." 

Tramway  and  Light  Railway  Association.— Thursday  and  Fiiday,  June  12th 
and  13th.  At  Blackpool.  Annual  Conference.  The  papers  to  he  read  are 
as  follows:- "Possibilities  for  Increasing  Profits  on  Interurban  Lines,"  by 
E.  H.  Edwavdes ;  "  Tramways— a  Resume,"  by  F,  Bland  ;  "  Railless  Traction 
and  Motor-'Buses,"  by  H.  England;  "Standard  Rules  for  Motormen  and 
Conductors,"  by  A.  V.  Mason. 

Physical  Society.— Friday,  June  13th.  At  8  p.m.  At  the  Imperial  College 
of  Science,  South  Kensington,  3  W.  Paper  on  "Boms  Experiments  on 
Tinfoil  Contact  with  Dielectrics,"  by  G.  E.  Bairsto.  Paper  on  "A  Method  of 
Measuring  the  Pressure  of  Light  bv  Mean-i  of  Metal  Foil."  by  G.  D.  West. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Oommandlng  OCBoer — Liktjt.-Col.  H.  M.  Leap. 
The  following  orders  have  been  issued  for  the  current  week : — 

Monday,  June  9th.— "A"  Company.    Infantry  drill,  7  to  9  p.m. ;   technical 
instruction  lor  all  members  on  the  6th  rate,  and  for  all  candidates  for 
higher  rating,  7  to  9  p.m. ;  musketry  instruction,  9  to  10  p.m. 
Tuesday,  June  10th,—"  B  "  Company.    Ditto. 
Thursday,  June  12tb.—"C"  Company.    Ditto, 
Friday,  June  13th.—"  D "  Company.    Ditto. 

Saturday,  June  14th.— Headquarters  will  be  opened  for  the  transaction  of 
regimental  bueiness  from  10  a.m.  to  12  noon. 

(Signed)        J.  H.  S.  Phillips,  Major,  L.E.E. 

For  Officer  oommaDdicg  L.B.E, 


940 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,854,  June  6,  191. S. 


NOTES. 


Wanted — Five  Hnndred   Pounds. — Our  readers  will 

have  noticed  that  an  invitation  has  been  eiven  in  eeveral  issneB  of 
the  Electrical  Review  for  six  frentlemen  or  firms  to  subscribe 
*100  apiece  so  as  to  enable  the  Electrical  Trades  Benevolent 
Institution  to  take  advantage  of  Mr.  E.  G.  By np's  offer  of  £100, 
provided  nine  other  offers  were  forthcominer  within  three  months 
from  April  Ifith.  Last  week  we  omitted  the  notice  with  a  feeling 
of  disappointment  that  generonsly-minded  men  were  of  so  very 
retiring  a  disposition,  but  we  are  only  too  plad  to  publish  the  table 
again  this  week,  for  the  fifth  hundred  pounds  has  come  along  from 
the  kindly  heart  of  a  veteran  of  the  industry.  Sir  William  H. 
Preeee,  K.C.B.,  F.R.S.,  in  his  advancing  years,  has  shown  lys  desire 
to  assist  the  Institution  of  which  he  has  for  a  number  of  years 
been  president,  and  his  name  accordingly  appears  below.  Five 
spaces  still  remain  open,  and  once  again  we  renew  our  appeal  to 
the  large-hearted  to  'phone  or  write  to  the  secretary,  or  to  tis, 
under  the  first  impulse  that  possesses  them  after  reading 
this  note.  Maybe  there  are  some  whose  nature  it  is  to 
shrink  from  publication  of  their  gifts  of  charity.  To  such 
we  would  put  it  that  the  effect  of  their  example  might  be  rightly  to 
influence  others,  but  we  would  also  add  that  there  is  always  the 
alternative  of  anonymity.  So  long  as  the  money  is  brought  to  the 
coffers  of  the  fund,  so  as  to  be  available  for  ameliorating  the  lot 
of  the  needy  sons  and  daughters  of  the  electrical  industry,  what 
matters  it  whether  the  hundred  pounds  be  by  name  or  anonymously  .' 
The  position  now  stands  as  follows : — 


1 

Mr.  E.  G.  Byng            

£100 

2 

Mr.  G.  Sutton 

£100 

3 

Mr.  H.  Hirst 

£100 

4 

Mr.  E.  Garcke 

...      £100 

6 

Sir  VV.  H.  Preeoe.  K  C.B.,  F.R.S 

i:ioo 

6 

*   .••         ...         ...         ... 

7 

8 

9 

10 



Electrical  Contractors'  Dinner. — The  annual  dinner 

of  the  Electrical  Contractors'  Association,  Inc.,  will  be  held  on 
Tuesday,  June  17th,  at  Frascati's  Restaurant. 

The  B.E.A.N.A. — The  following  firms  have  been  elected 
"Members'"  of  the  British  Electrical  and  Allied  Manufacturers' 
Association  : — 

The  Wilson- Wolf  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd. 
Tilghman's  Patent  Sand  Blast  Co.,  Ltd. 
The  following  firm  has  been  elected  an  Associate  : — 
Maschinenfabrik  Augsburg-Numberg  A.G. 

Institution  and  Lecture  Notes. — Junior  Institution 

OF  EXGINEEHS.— On  June  30th,  at  8  p.m.,  at  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  Engineers,  Victoria  Embankment,  the  Gustave  Canet 
Lecture  on  "  The  Working  Fluid  of  Internal  Combustion  Engines'' 
will  be  delivered  by  Dr.  Dngald  Clerk,  F.R.S.  Tickets  may  be  had 
on  application  to  the  Secretary,  ,S9,  Victoria  Street,  S.W.  Also  at 
8  p.m.,  at  the  Great  Western  Hotel,  Birmingham,  Dr.  Dugald 
Clerk's  lecture  wiU  be  delivered  before  the  Midland  Section  by  Mr. 
A.  A.  Remington.  Tickets  may  be  had  on  application  to  60, 
Anderton  Park  Road,  Moseley,  Birmingham.  From  July  4th  to 
7th  the  Institution  week-end  visit  to  Ghent  Exhibition  will  take 
place. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers. — At  the  meeting  on 
May  30th,  the  Report  of  the  Council  was  adopted,  and  it  was 
announced  that  the  following  gentlemen  had  been  elected  to  the 
Council,  the  list  of  Members  being,  otherwise,  as  given  in  our  issue 
of  April  4th  : — Ordinary  Member  of  Council  (one  vacancy)  Mr. 
R.  A.  Chattock  ;  Associate  Members  (three  vacancies),  Mr.  F.  E. 
Berry,  Capt.  Henrici  and  Mr.  A.  W.  Martin  ;  Associates  (two 
vacancies),  Mr.  E.  R.  Clarke  and  Mr.  A.  M.  J.  Ogilvie. 

Municipal  Tramways  Association  (Inc.).— A  meeting  of  the 
Managers'  Section  opened  yesterday  (Thursday  morning)  at  the 
Town  Hall,  Sunderland.  After  the  usual  Corporation  welcome, 
there  were  discussions  on  the  following  subjects  : — "  Description  of 
Sunderland  Corporation  Tramways  System,"  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Dayson  ; 
"  Interim  Report  of  Rail  Corrugation  Committee,"  introduced  by 
Mr.  R.  H.  Wilkinson.  After  luncheon  at  the  Town  Hall,  the  party 
went  by  steamer  to  South  Shields.  To-day,  again  at  Sunderland, 
the  following  subjects  will  be  introduced  for  discussion  : — "Petrol 
and  Trackless  Trolley  Vehicles,"  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Spencer  ;  "Standard- 
isation of  Specifications  for  Tramcar  Equipments,"  by  Mr.  J.  W. 
Ilawe. 

•■  Increased   Powers "   Bill. — We  read-in  the  Times 

that  on  Wednesday  afternoon  Sir  HoweU  Davies  (Bristol)  presented 
a  Bill  to  give  increased  powers  to  local  anthoritiee  with  regard  to 
electric  lighting  and  other  purposes  connected  therewith. 

DamasTPS  Apainst  the   L.C.r. — The  L.C.C.  was,  on 

May  2;'th.  .^ued  in  the  King's  Bench  Division  for  damages  before 
Mr.  .lu.otice  Bankes  and  a  common  jury,  for  the  loss  of  a  husband. 
The  action  was  brought  by  the  widow,  Mrs.  Lilian  Phyllis  Cobbett, 
on  her  own  behalf  and  on  behalf  of  her  two  young  children.  The 
deceased  man  was  driving  a  horse  and  cart  at  Lower  Tooting,  and 
he  turned  off  the  tramline,  the  wheel  of  hie  cart  caught  in  the 


rails,  with  the  result  that  he  wae  thrown  out,  run  over  and  killed. 
The  accident,  it  was  said,  arose  from  the  fact  that  the  rails  were 
much  worn,  and  that  the  guard  rail  was,  in  consequence,  \  in.  above 
the  other  side  of  the  rail.  The  jury  awarded  the  plaintiff  damages 
to  the  amount  of  £500. 

Appointments  Vacant. — Assistant  to  the  County  Elec- 
trician, Middlesex  Elncation  Committee  (42s.)  ;  Showroom  attend- 
ant for  the  Torquay  borough  electricity  department.  See  our  adver- 
tisement pages  to-day. 

Bombardment  at  Earl's  Court.— We  think  wc  can 

Fay  with  little  hesitation  that  the  Imperial  Services  Exhibition  at 
Earl's  Court,  which  was  opened  by  the  Duke  of  Connaught  on 
Saturday  last,  will  be  very  popular  during  the  coming  months. 
We  do  not  now  refer  so  much  to  the  exhibits  themselves,  as  these 
we  have  not  yet  closely  examined,  but  we  are  very  much  mistaken 
if  the  performance  or  display  of  naval  and  aerial  warfare  in  the 
Empress  Hall  is  not  going  to  "take"  with  the  public  in  these  days  of 
boy  scouts  and  of  increased  feelings  of  personal  responsibility  in 
the  matter  of  national  defence  and  self-preservation.  The  spec- 
tator witnesses  an  attack  on  a  fortified  coast  town  by  a  number  of 
warships,  some  of  19  ft.  and  others  30  ft.  length,  which  are  models 
of  modern  vessels  in  pur  fleet  to-day.  The  models  were  built  by 
Messrs.  Bassett-Lowke,  Ltd.,  at  Xorthampton,  and  they  are 
operated  by  a  couple  of  men  by  means  of  a  1  }-h  r.  electric  motor  of 
special  design  and  a  battery  of  28  Premier  cells.  The  public  will 
be  able  to  have  their  heart's  content  of  thrill  and  noise,  as  the 
forts  are  attacked  and  respond,  as  the  city  is  fired,  and  after  a 
more  or  less  stout  resistance  shows  the  white  flag — all  in  a  matter 
of  a  comparatively  few  minutes — quickly  almost  as  a  cinemato- 
graph film  tells  its  story.  The  interest  of  the  display  is  added  to 
by  the  control  by  the  Raymond  Phillips  wireless  system  of  a  22-ft. 
airship  which  manoeuvres  over  the  scene  prior  to  the  conflict. 
There  were  whispers  of  bomb-dropping  from  the  said  airship  and 
of  submarine  mines  in  the  lake,  but  these  were  were  not  in 
evidence  on  the  occasion  of  a  preliminary  Press  view  at  which  we 
were  privileged  to  be  present.  However,  there  was  quite  sufficient 
to  convince  us  of  the  popular  appeal  which  such  a  demonstration 
is  likely  to  make.     The  show  is  well  worth  seeing. 

Copper.  —  Messrs.  Merton's  monthly  circular  for  May 
shows  considerable  activity  in  the  market  for  this  metal,  the  total 
deliveries  (Europe)  reaching  the  extraordinarily  high  figure  of 
61,020  tons.  The  drop  in  visible  supplies,  however,  only  shows  as 
833  tons,  the  decrease  in  English  stocks  of  1 ,240  tons  being  largely 
compensated  for  by  increase  in  French  stocks  and  quantities  afloat. 
The  decrease  in  total  European  stocks  is  heavier,  the  drop  '^when 
including  Rotterdam,  Hamburg  and  Bremen  stocks,  and  quantities 
estimated  for  other  ports)  being  4,141  tons. 

Supplies  to  Europe  from  North  America  are  considerably  above 
the  average.  Spain  and  Portugal  send  a  small  quantity  to  England 
and  France.  Chile  shipments  are  rather  low,  and  Australian  not 
up  to  average.  The  drop  in  American  visible  supplies  during  April 
was  12,822  tons,  a  large  quantity,  and  the  decrease  in  the  world's 
visible  supply  (including  Holland  and  Germany)  was  14,068  tons. 

Celluloid  Regulations  Bills. — With  reference  to  our 
recent  comments  by  way  of  criticism  of  the  two  Bills  in  which 
unreasonable  provisions  were  set  forth  for  the  control  of  premises 
containing  small  quantities  of  celluloid,  it  is  satisfactory  to  note 
that  the  City  of  London  Celluloid  Regrulations  Bill  was  thrown  out 
on  the  second  reading  on  Wednesday  last  week.  The  House 
divided  on  5Ir.  Baird's  m«tion  for  the  rejection  of  the  Bill,  and  the 
voting  was  as  follows  : — For  the  rejection,  127  ;  against,  47  ; 
majority  for  the  rejection,  80.  The  London  County  Council  then 
withdrew  the  celluloid  part  of  its  Bill.  We  believe  our  readers 
will  agree  with  us  that  this  is  a  very  satisfactory  climax  to  a  piece 
of  unnecessary  and  grandmotherly  legislation.  Mr.  T.  R.  Brooke, 
of  the  British  Xylonite  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  others  who  took  early  and 
energetic  measures  in  connection  with  this  matter  are  to  be 
congratulated. 

More  strikes. — We  seem  to  be  again  in  the  midst  of 
wars  and  rumours  of  wars  in  the  industrial  world.  In  the  Midlands 
a  wide-spread  strike  is  in  progrees,  involving  the  Metropolitan 
Amalgamated  Railway  Carriage  and  Finance  Co.,  the  Midland 
Carriage  Works,  and  some  hundreds  of  men  employed  by  the  General 
Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  at  Witton.  The  trouble  at  Stewarts  &  Lloyds, 
Ltd.,  is  still  in  progress,  though  a  conference  between  the  men  and 
the  directors  is  proceeding.  At  Bedford  there  has  been  a  strike  of 
girls  employed  by  Cryselco,  Ltd.,  but  all  is  now  normal. 

The    Bolton    Vacancy. — In    regard    to  the    vacancy 

created  by  the  resignation  of  Mr.  A.  A.  Day,  borough  electrical 
engineer  and  tramways  manager  at  Bolton,  the  Corporation  Tram- 
ways Committee  has  appointed  a  sub-committee  to  confer  with 
the  Electricity  Committee  as  to  the  best  way  of  filling  the  office. 

Colliery  Fatality. — Mr.  0.  C.  Lewis,  coroner,  has  held 

an  inqniry  at  Old  Hill  respecting  the  death  of  Albert  Priest,  who 
was  killed  at  the  Fly  Colliery,  Old  HQl,  the  previous  Tuesday.  The 
evidence  adduced  showed  that  the  deceased  had  been  patting  apieoe 
of  wood  behind  the  electric  cable,  which  it  would  be  necessary  for 
him  to  move  ;  and  George  Hickman,  a  loader,  found  him  hanging 
by  three  electric  wires,  which  he  had  hold  of  with  both  hands.  The 
electrician  at  the  mine  said  the  cables  were  supported  by  string  and 
protected  by  rubber  ;  he  was  of  opinion  that  the  cable  had  been 
stripped  by  the  weight  on  the  timber.  The  jury  returned  a  verdict 
that  death  was  due  to  electric  shock,  and  expressed  the  opinion 
that  some  better  method  of  protecting  the  cables  should  be  adopted 
In  the  future. 

(O^ntiniifid  on  pagp  946) 


Vol.  Ti.     No.  1,8r,l,  Junk  r,,   liil.t. 


THE    ELECTRTCAl.    KI-:VIi:W. 


.141 


TWO  NEW  MEMBERS  OF  PARLIAMENT. 


Wk  count  ouraelvoH  liapiiily  jiluccd  in  bciiif,'  able  to  look  at 
I'arliamc'iitary  clcctioiiH  from  a  (IcLaclicd  point  of  view. 
AVitli  party  politics  in  the  },'eneraliy  accepted  sense  vvc,  as  a 
jonrnal,  have   nothing   to  do,  tlion^di   we  have  occasionally 


PUnto  hij]      "-^'^^^HIWBg''^       [Lafayette, 

Mr.  C.  G.  C,  Hamilton,  M.P. 

felt  it  our  duty  to  state  our  views  upon  legislative  ques- 
tions. This  has  not  been  done  with  any  desire  to  con- 
tribute to  party  controversies,  but  with  the  hope  that 
we  might  afford  assistance  in  the  consideration  of  i]uestions 
affecting  electrical  and  engineering  industries  and  the 
labour  and  other  problems  with  which  all  concerned  in 
those  industries  have  been  faced.  When,  therefore,  we 
express  satisfaction  at  the  result  of  certain  recent  by- 
elections,  it  need  not  be  inferred  that  we  are  glorying 
in  the  success  of  one  i)arty  over  the  other.  As  we 
indicate  in  our  leading  article  to-day,  we  wel- 
come the  return  of  Mr.  .1.  C.  Denison  -  Pender 
and  Mr.  (i.  C.  Hamilton  to  the  Parliamentary  councils  of 
the  nation,  not  so  much  as  the  IMenibers  for  Newmarket  and 
Altrincham  respectively,  as  because  of  their  specialised 
experience  in  fields  of  scientific  application  and  industry 
that  the  Electrical  Review  represents.  Both  of  these 
gentlemen  are  by  training  and  experience  well  qualified  to 
overwatch  the  interests  of  the  engineering  profession  and 
industry,  which  have  down  to  the  present  had  far  too  few 
spokesmen  at  St.  Stephens.  Both  are  young  men,  compara- 
tively speaking,  and  an  interesting  coincidence  is  that  both 
were  married  in  11)06,  and  each  of  them  has  one  son  and 
one  daughter. 

Mr.  Collingwood  George  Clements  Hamilton,  M.P.  for 
Altrincham,  is  the  youngest  son  of  the  late  Yen.  George 
Hans  Hamilton,  Archdeacon  of  Northumberland  and 
Canon  of  Durham,  by  his  marriage  with  I^ady  Louisa 
Frances  Clements,  sister  of  the  fourth  Earl  of  Leitrim.  He 
was  born  at  Eglingham,  Northumberland,  in  IS 78,  and  is 
accordingly  35  years  of  age.  Educated  at  Aysgartli 
School,  Yorkshire,  and  at  Charterhouse,  he  entered  upon 
the  career  which  gives  him  a  claim  upon  our  attention  in  this 


journal,  for  he  served  with  McBHrs.  Ernest  Hcott&  Moantain, 
litd.,  the  Xewca.stlo-on-Tyno  firm  who  for  so  long  u  fx:rio<l 
held  a  front-rank  place  among  engineering  (X)nccrnH  engage<l 
in  electrical  and  mining  installation  work.  In  these  days, 
when  we  are  all  saying  so  mmh  ulx)ut  the  necessity  of 
foreign  travel  for  electrical  engineering  men,  and,  indeed, 
when  prominent  after-dinner  sjxjakers  arc  expatiating  u[X)n 
the  importance  of  more  trips  abroad  by  Ministers,  it  is 
interesting  to  note  tiiat  Mr.  Hamilton  saw  "active  service" 
for  the  firm  with  which  he  was  apprenti(«d,  in  India,  Egypt, 
Bulgaria,  (ireece  and  ilussia.  He  is  now  joint  managing 
director  with  Mr.  15.  M.  Drake,  of  the  well-known  electrical 
firm  of  Drake  it  Gorham,  Ltd.,  of  London,  Manchester,  Xc. 
He  is  chairman  of  the  Knutsford  Conservative  Club,  and  a 
member  of  the  Knutsford  Urban  District  Council. 

Mr.  .fohn  Cuthbert  Denison  Denison-Pender,  the  new 
member  for  Newmarket,  is  tlie  eldest  son  of  Sir  .1.  Denison- 
i'ender,  K.C.M.(i.,  and  Lady  Denison-Pender.  Born  in 
1«82,  he  is  31  years  of  age.  After  his  education  at  Eton, 
he  passed  through  the  numerous  branches  of  the  Eastern 
Telegraph  Co.,  including  important  cable-laying  operations, 
and  he  is  to-day  a  director  of  the  Eastern  Telegraph  Co., 
Ltd.,  the  Eastern  and  South  African  Telegraph  Co  ,  lAd., 
and  the  West  African  Telegraph  Co.,  Ltd. 

Mr.  Denison-Pender  is  a  grandson  of  the  late  Sir  .John 
Pender,  who  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  submarine  telegraphy, 
and  who  represented  the  Wick  Burghs  as  a  Liberal  in  18x3,  and 
retained  his  seat  as  a  Liberal  LTnionist  in  issO  after  the  Home 
Rule  split.  He  is  also  a  nephew  of  Sir  .James  Pender,  Bart.. 
the  well-known  yachtsman,  who  captured  Mid-Northampton- 
shire from  the  Liberals  in  18'.*."),  defeating  the  Hon.  Robert 
Spencer.  The  new  member  contested  South  St.  Pancras  as 
a  Municipal  Reformer  in  the  L.C.C.  elections  of  li)lu  and 
1913,  winning  the  seat  on  each  occasion  by  majorities  of 
over  1,000. 


Mr.  J.  C.  Denison-Pexder,  M.P. 

To  both  of  these  gentlemen  we  wish  a  long  and  successful 
career  in  the  new  and  larger  sphere  of  life  upon  which  they 
have  now  entered. 


942 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,851,  June  6,  19i:i. 


THE    SPERRY    GYRO    COMPASS. 


As  our  knowledge  of  electrical  si'ience  advances,  each 
fundamental  step  forward  constitutes  the  basis  for  many 
useful  inventions  which  can  be  built  upon  it.  The  possi- 
bilities of  utilising  the  reaction  of  rotating  bodies  have  been 
known  to  mankind  for  years,  but  it  is  only  within  com- 
paratively recent  time  that  we  have  had  any  means  for  main- 
taining a  high  speed  of  rotation  while  at  the  same  time 
eliminating  brushes  and  moving  wires,  which  might  disturb 
the  ei|uilibrinm  of  the  wheel.  This  fundamental  step  was 
made  by  the  development  of  the  induction  motor,  and  as  a 
result  of  this  step  we  now  have  the  gyro  compass,  or,  we 
may  say,  the  electrical  compass,  inasmuch  as  its  operation 
depends  entirely  upon  the  application  of  electricity. 

The  development  of  the  gyro  compass  has  come  at  a 
very  opportune  time.  The  use  of  steel  in  our  modern 
ships  has  made  the  ship  a  magnetic  shell,  so  that  very 
little  magnetism 
reaches  the  mag- 
netic compass,  and 
it  is  consequently 
weak  and  vacillat- 
ing in  its  tendency 
to  hold  the  north, 
and  its  u-e  involves 
the  constant  appli- 
cation of  numerous 
corrections,  many 
of  which  are  very 
imperfectly  known. 

On  the  other 
hand,  the  gyro 
compass  depends 
for  its  directive 
force  upon  an 
earthly  phenomenon 
which  is  absolutely 
changeless  and 
undeviating.  This 
phenomenon  is  the 
rotation  of  the 
earth.  The  man- 
ner in  which  this 
phenomenon  might 
be  used  to  keep  the 
gyro  compass  in  the 
north  and  south 
meridian   has  been 


known  for  years, 
but  the  problem  has 
been  so  difficult  that 
few  have  attempted  it, 
and  hardly  any  have 
been  rewarded  with 
anything  like  success. 
A  brief  description 
of  the  theory  of  the 
gyro  compass  will 
give  the  reader  an 
understanding  of  the 
problem  involved  in 
its  development,  and 
will  enable  him  to 
understand  how  this 
problem  has  been 
solved  in  the  Spcrry 
gyro  compass. 


Fio.  3.— Model  Gyroscope. 


Fig.  1.— Sperry  Gyro  Compass,  with  and  without  Cover 


I'lo.  2. — PAitT  Vkktical  Skction  ok  the  Sperky  Gyro  Compass. 


The  inertia  of  a 
rotating  wheel  is 
relative  to  space, 
and  by  reason  of  its 
rotation  it  offers 
great  resistance  to 
any  angular  move- 
ment impressed 
upon  it.  Impres- 
sing any  angular 
force  on  a  rotating 
wheel  tending  to 
deflect  its  plane  of 
rotation  results  in 
an  angular  move- 
ment at  right  angles 
to  the  impressed 
force,  termed  pre- 
cession. 

For  instance,  we 
have  in  fig.  3  a 
gyroscope  sus- 
pended so  that  it  is 
free  to  rotate  about 
its  vertical  axis  b  b, 
and  free  to  move 
about  the  hori- 
zontal axes  E  E  and 
(;  (i.  If  we  impress 
a  force  about  the 
axis  (;  o  by  push- 
ing down  on  the 
near  side  of  the  horizontal  ring,  that  force  will  be  resisted, 
and  movement  of  the  gyro  will  take  place  about  the  axis  e  e, 
the  top  of  the  ring  c  moving  to  the  left. 

If  we  had  impressed  the  force  about  the  axis  e  e  by 
pushing  to  the  left  on  the  top  of  ring  c,  movement  about 
the  axis  c  c  would  have  taken  place.  In  other  words,  the 
gyroscope  tries  to  place  itself  so  that  it  is  rotating  in  the 
plane  of  the  force  impressed  upon  it. 

If  wc  had  maintained  the  impressed  force  on  the  near 
end  of  the  axis  e  e,  the  rotating  wheel  would  eventually 
have  turned  to  rotate  in  the  plane  of  the  force  we  had 
impressed  upon  it,  which  in  this  case  would  be  the  vertical 
plane. 

Inasmuch  as  the  inertia  of  the  gyro  is  relative  to  space, 
if  the  wheel  is  rotating  in  a  vertical  plane  with  the  axis  east 
and  west,  and  if  the  wheel  is  suspended  with  freedom  about 
all  axes,  the  earth  in  turning  will  tend  to  rotate  "out  from 
under"  it,  and  the  axis  of  the  gyro  will  apparently  incline 
relatively  to  the  horizontal  at  the  particular  spot  where  it  is 
situated.  If  we  use  gravity  or  some  other  means  to  suppress 
the  freedom  of  the  gyro,  so  that  it  inclines  against  an 
impressed  force,  precession  towards  the  meridian  will  be 
instituted.  This  precession  will  continue  until  the  axis  of 
the  gyro  processes  across  the  meridian  and  the  earth  turns 
"  out  from  under  "  it  in  the  opposite  sense,  thus  causing  it 
to  process  back.  If  freedom  is  further  suppressed  about  the 
vertical  axis,  the  gyro  will  not  only  process  towards  the 
meridian  when  its  axis  is  inclined,  but  will  also  process 
towards  the  horizontal,  so  that  the  oscillations  will  bo  damped. 


No.    I,H:M,    JlINK    (',,    l!tl:t. 


THE    ELE(yrUTCAT.    JiF.VU^ 


'Ji'A 


iiiid  tlio  (umipass  will,  wiLliiii  a  coriiiiiinilivtily  sliorL  liiiic, 
Hottlo  down  into  the  only  poHition  of  ciiuililnintn  it  ciin  find, 
wliicli  will  be  with  its  axin  on  tlic  nortli  and  Hoiitli  meridian, 
and  with  its  j)laiu'  of  rotation  coincident  with  tliat  of  the 
earth.     This,  hi'iedy,  is  the  [)rincij)l(!  of  the  i^^yro  compass. 

The  directive  force  of  th(!  f^yro  compass  depends  npon  the 
angular  velocity  of  the  eai'th  and  njion  tlie  spcicd  and  weii^ht 


Fig.  4. — Correction  Device. 

of  the  wheel.  Because  the  angular  velocity  of  the  earth  is 
so  very  small  (one  revolution  in  24  hours)  the  directive 
force  of  the  gyrocompass  must  be  very  minute,  and  the  pro- 
blem of  the  development  of  the  gyro  compass  becomes 
extremely  difficult.  We  find,  however,  that  the  directive 
force  varies  directly  as  the  speed,  but  as  the  square  of  the 
weight,  so  from  this  we  see  that  to  get  an  efficient  gyro 
compass  we  must  use  a  heavy  wheel,  inasmuch  as  a  large 
increase  in  speed  will  not  give  very  much  of  an  increase  in 
directive  force,  and  will  have  mechanical  disadvantages 
which  are  always  inseparable  from  high  speeds  of  rotation. 
No  matter  if  a  very  heavy  wheel  is  used,  the  directive  force 
will  still  be  very  small,  so  we  must  find  some  means  of  sus- 
pending this  wheel  which  will  almost  entirely  eliminate 
friction  about  the  vertical  axis. 

A  further  problem  is  involved  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
freedom  of  the  wheel  must  be  suppressed  about  the  hori- 
zontal and  vertical  axes  by  just  the  right  amount  for  the 
purpose  in  hand.  After  these  things  have  been  accom- 
plished, we  find  that  the  gyro  compass  has  a  certain  natural 
error  depending  upon  three  variables,  viz.,  the  speed  and 
course  of  the  ship  in  which  it  is  mounted  and  the  latitude. 
If  we  depend  upon  tables  to  correct  these  errors,  we  have 
not  made  much  of  an  advance  from  the  magnetic  compass, 
inasmuch  as  the  application  of  corrections  from  tables  is 
always  a  confusing  process  and  a  serious  disadvantage. 

The  instrument  must  also  be  made  substantial  and 
durable,  as  it  is  quite  likely  to  receive  considerable  knocking 
about  on  board  ship. 

To  summarise,  the  problems  involved  in  the  development 
of  the  gyro  compass  are  : — 

1.  To  provide  a  method  of  suspension  which  will  permit  of 
the  use  of  a  heavy  wheel,  while  at  the  same  time  providing 
perfect  freedom  for  the  wheel  to  move  about  the  vertical  axis. 

2.  To  provide  a  means  for  suppressing  the  freedom  of  the 
wheel  about  the  horizontal  and  vertical  axes  by  just  the  right 
amount  to  cause  it  to  settle  down  on  the  meridian. 

3.  The  force  used  for  suppressing  forces  about  the  hori- 
zontal and  vertical  axes  must  necessarily  be  some  form  of 
pendulum  or  device  acted  upon  by  gravity,  and  must  be 
such  that  the  acceleration  pressures  arising  from  roll,  pitch 
and  change  of  speed  of  the  ship  do  not  cause  deviations  of 
the  compass. 

4.  To  correct  the  natural  error  of  the  compass  auto- 
matically, so  that  no  tables  are  necessary. 

5.  To  make  the  instrument  substantial  and  durable. 

The  manner  in  which  all  of  these  problems  are  solved  will 
be  readily  understood  by  reference  to  fig.  2,  which  is  an 
elementary  partial  vertical   section  of  the  compass  through 


its  eaHt  an<l  west  piune.  The  wheel  in  liere  coti«idered  aH 
rotating  on  the  uxIh  a,  which  is  {xirjjcndicuiar  t«  the  plane 
of  tlu!  pa])er.  The  axis  a  is  carried  on  heiirings  in  tlie  air- 
tight caHing  It  ;  thiH  casing  m  further  Kii»{X;ndcd  on  hori- 
zontal pivots  in  the  vertical  ring  D. 

The  gyro  wheel,  its  caning  and  the  vertical  ring  u  are 
termed  the  sensitive  element  in  contradistinction  to  the  non- 
Hensitiv(!  frame.  The  ring  D  is  Hnsf>ended  by  a  strandwl 
steel  wire  i;,  the  top  of  wiiich  is  carried  in  the  Ht*,'m  ii. 
This  stem  forms  a  part  of  the  frame  sinTonnding  the 
sensitive  element  and  carrying  the  compass  card.  I'art  of 
this  frame  is  termed  the  **  phantom "  ring  (marked  <;  in 
fig.  2). 

Fastened  to  the  ring  n  and  projecting  through,  but  not 
touching  the  ring  ';,  is  a  small  post,  on  which  is  carried  a 
silver  trolley  wheel  v^.  'J'his  trolley  wheel  rests  on  contacts 
\v,,  which  are  carried  on  the  frame  surrounding  the  sensitive 
element.  Tlie  silver  trolley  wheel  co-operating  with  these 
contacts  controls  the  motor  m.  The  shaft  of  this  motor 
carries  a  pinion  which  drives  the  frame  surrounding  the 
sensitive  element. 

It  can  be  seen  that  the  stranded  wire  suspension  permits 
the  use  of  a  very  heavy  wheel.  As  the  wheel  tends  to  turn 
about  the  vertical  axis  in  its  tendency  to  place  and  keep 
itself  in  the  north  and  south  meridian,  the  silver  trolley 
wheel  co-operating  with  the  contacts  w,  operates  the  motor 
Ji  to  cause  the  stem,  frame,  and  phantom  ring  to  follow  the 
gyroscopic  or  sensitive  element.  It  can  be  seen  from  this 
that  friction  about  the  vertical  axis  is  almost  entirely 
eliminated,  inasmuch  as  the  top  of  the  suspension  wire  is 
constantly  made  to  move  to  follow  the  bottom  of  it,  so  that 
it  is  virtually  a  torsionless  wire.  The  gyroscopic  or  sensi- 
tive element  need  only  manifest  a  tendency  to  move,  all  the 
work  of  movement  being  assumed  by  the  motor  m. 

The  phantom  ring  c,  is  always  held  in  positive  relation  to 
the  ring  i),  but  is  nevertheless  quite  independent  from  it, 
and  consequently  can  be  used  as  a  base  from  which  to  sup- 
press the  freedom  of  the  gyro  wheel.  The  freedom  is  sup- 
pressed by  the  pendulum  h,  swung  in  horizontal  pivots  in 
the  ring  (i,  and  attached  to  the  gyro  casing  at  the  point  s. 
When  the  axis  of  the  gyro  is  perfectly  horizontal  the  pen- 
dulum K  has  no  effect,  but  if  the  axis  of  the  gyro  is  off  the 
meridian,  the  earth  will  cause  it  to  incline  against  the  weight 


Fig. 


Fig.  6. 


Repeater  Compass. 


of  the  restraining  pendulum,  which  will  impress  a  force 
about  the  horizontal  axis  and  also  about  the  vertical  axis, 
inasmuch  as  the  point  s  is  eccentric  to  the  vertical  axis  of 
the  gyro.  The  effect  about  the  horizontal  axis  institutes 
precession  towards  the  meridian,  while  the  effect  about  the 
vertical  axis  processes  the  axis  of  the  gyro  back  to  the  hori- 
zontal position,  and  so  damps  the  oscillation  of  the  gyro  to 


944 


THE    ELECTKICAL    KEYIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,8.">4,  June  G,  191;;. 


cause  it  to  settle  down  in  its  only  jxisition  of  einiilibrium, 
■which  is  with  the  axis  north  and  south  and  horizontally. 

To  correct  automatically  the  natural  errors  of  the  compass, 
an  arrangement  of  cams  is  used.  These  cams  are  laid  out 
on  curves  of  the  logarithmic  functions  of  the  variables.  The 
dials  of  the  cams  for  speed  and  latitude  can  be  seen  in  iig.  -2. 
These  are  set  to  approximate  speed  and  latitude  by  hand  ; 
the  cam  for  course  is  under  the  compass  card,  and  is  set  by 
the  compass  itself.  These  cams  serve  to  adjust  constantly 
and  automatically  a  system  of  levers,  which  are  so 
arranged  as  to  add  or  subtract  their  arms  and  adjust  the 
reference  point  or  lubbers'  line  of  the  compass  to  correct  its 
natural  error.  Kront  and  back  views  of  this  correction 
device  are  shown  in  fig.  4. 

It  can  be  seen  from  fig.  2  that  the  instrument  has  few 
parts,  and  is  consequently  very  substantial  and  durable,  and 
not  at  all  likely  to  get  out  of  order. 

Attached  to  the  gyro  casing  are  the  levels  v,  and  x,.     If 


position    in    the    ship,    and  is  used  to  operate  repeater  or 
auxiliary  compasses  utilised  for  steering  and  navigating  the 


Fig.  7.— Gvko  Wheel  and  Statmk. 


Fig.  8.  Fig.  !». 

Main  and  Synchronising  Switchboards. 


the  axis  of  the  gyro  should  for  any  reason  be  displaced  from 
the  meridian,  it  must  necessarily  incline,  and  this  inclination 
will  be  shown  by  the  levels.  Consequently  a  glance  at 
the  levels  will  always  reassure  one  as  to  whether  the  com- 
pass is  exactly  on  the  meridian  or  not.  In  fact,  if  one 
should  deliberately  try  to   force    it   off    the   meridian,  the 


ship.  These  repeater  or  auxiliary  compasses  are  operated 
by  a  rotary  step-by-step  system,  which  in  principle  is 
similar  to  that  used  in  electric  clocks  and  other  devices  for 
reproducing  movement  at  a  distance. 

Figs.  .')  and    Ci  are  illustrations  of  one  type  of  repeater 
compass.     The  small  switch  shown  is  used  for  varying  the 


REPCATtR    COMPASS 


pjtiitTap  I 


Fk;.  10.— Dia(;i!AM  of  Connections. 


levels  would  show  that  it  was  going  ofl'  before  any  devia- 
tion took  place. 

Fig.  1,  p.  !)42,  shows  the  appearance  of  the  master  com- 
pass with  covers  removed,  and  with  covers  in  place. 

The     master   compass    is    placed   in   a    well    protected 


amount  of  illumination  on  the  card,  which  is  obtained  by  a 
small  lamp  placed  behind  it. 

Another  type  of  repeater  compass  is  us('d  for  taking 
bearings.  The  repeater  compass  for  this  purpose  is  swung 
in  gimbal  rings,  and  is  used  in  conjunction  with  an  alidade, 


Vol.72.     No.  l,8r.l,  Junk  G,   101:1.1 


TTIK    ELECTRTCAL    REVIEW. 


945 


or  azimuth  circle,  with  which  the  true  bonriii}^  of  any  object 
can  ha  obtained  directly. 

Tiic  (]ev('loi)iiiont  of  tlic  pyroscopic  compasfl  lias  involved 
nuinoroiis  electrical  probloiDs  of  the  f^'rentcst  IntcreRt. 

The  {/yro  wheel  is  spun  by  nn  iiidiietion  motor  at  a 
normal  speed  of  about  H,(;00  n.r.M.,  altliou};h  the  directive 
force  is  (juite  sutlicicnt  when  the  spe(\d  is  anywhere  about 
3,000  ii.r.M.  The  wheel  is  shown  in  fij,'.  7,  and,  as  can  be 
seen  from  this  view,  the  inside  of  the  wheel  is  hollowed  out, 
and  the  internal  periphery  is  inlaid  with  the  short-circuited 
bars  of  the  induction  motor.  Attached  to  the  side  of  the 
wheel  (-asing;,  and  projoctinp  inside  the  wheel,  is  the  stator, 
which  is  shown  to  the  left  in  fig.  7. 

To  reduce  the  amount  of  power  used,  the  wheel  is  spun  in 
a  vacuum,  and  for  this  reason  the  major  problem  in  the 
design  of  the  induction  motor  was  to  arrange  the  windings 
and  laminations,  so  that  the  heat  ari.sing  from  the  current 
would  be  e'liciently  conducted  to  the  outer  fins  of  the 
casing  and  radiated  from  them.  A  surprising  degree  of 
success  has  been  attained  in  this,  which  makes  it  possible  to 
keep  the  wheel  quite  cool,  although  there  is  no  air  wash  to 
facilitate  the  removal  of  heat. 

Tho  design  of  the  contacts  for  controlling  the  azimuth 
motor  was  a  very  interesting  problem,  as  they  are  constantly 
making  and  breaking  contact,  and  must  be  so  designed  that 
this  constant  make  and  break  will  not  "  pit  "  them. 

After  a  great  many  trials  of  all  sorts  of  contact 
material  it  was  decided  to  use  tungsten.  The  eflficiency  of  a 
contact  which  is  constantly  making  and  breaking  depends 
upon  the  melting  point  of  the  material  used.  The  melting 
point  of  tungsten  is  far  above  that  of  any  conductor  except 
carbon,  and  carbon  is  prohibitive  for  contacts  on  account  of 
its  high  resistance  when  used  for  that  purpose.  As  a  solid 
block  of  tungsten  cannot  be  obtained,  it  was  necessary  to  use 
a  sheet  of  tungsten  "  wetted  "  to  a  steel  back  by  means  of 
copper.  The  tungsten  could  not  be  wetted  directly  to  the 
steel  back,  as  the  oxide  between  tungsten  and  steel  is  a  non- 
conductor. The  oxides  between  tungsten  and  copper  and 
between  copper  and  steel  are  conductors.  Wherever  used  on 
the  compass  the  contacts  are  made  quickly  detachable,  so  that 
they  may  be  conveniently  withdrawn  and  examined. 

The  silver  trolley  co-operating  with  the  tungsten  contacts 
controls  the  azimuth  motor  Mj  by  means  of  a  relay,  so  that 
the  current  broken  by  the  contacts  is  very  small.  Still 
further  to  reduce  the  spark  at  these  contacts  the  relay  coils  are 
wound  with  a  secondary  winding  of  exactly  the  same  size  as 
that  used  for  operating  the  relay.  This  secondary  winding 
is  short-circuited.  The  current  generated  in  the  secondary 
relay  coil  upon  making  and  breaking  exactly  counteracts  the 
induction  of  the  active  coil,  and  so  absolutely  eliminates  any 
spark  discharge  at  the  contacts. 

The  azimuth  motor  is  wound  with  two  separate  sets  of 
field  windings,  wound  in  opposite  directions.  This  makes 
it  possible  to  reverse  the  motor  with  one  contact.  It  also 
makes  it  possible  to  reverse  the  motor  almost  instan- 
taneously, inasmuch  as  the  current  does  not  have  to  die  down 
and  build  up  in  the  same  set  of  fields. 

The  commutator  of  the  azimuth  motor  is  novel,  in  that  the 
insHlation  between  the  commutator  segments  is  not  extended 
to  the  surface  of  the  segments.  This  gives  absolute  relia- 
bility in  the  azimuth  motor,  as  there  is  no  possibility  of  the 
insulation  holding  the  brush  off  the  commutator. 

The  transmitter  for  operating  the  repeater  or  auxiliary 
compasses  has  three  pairs  of  tungsten  contacts,  operated  by 
steel  cams  driven  by  the  master  compass. 

Three-phase  alternating  current,  at  a  voltage  of  about  100 
and  a  frequency  of  about  150  cycles,  is  required  for  spinning 
the  gyro  wheel.  The  relay,  azimuth  motor  and  repeater 
compasses  are  operated  by  means  of  20-volt  direct  current. 
The  ships  on  which  the  compass  is  used  usually  have  a 
supply  of  direct  current  at  a  voltage  of  125  or  220,  and  this 
current  is  converted  into  alternating  current  and  20-volt 
direct  current  by  means  of  a  so-called  dynamotor-dynamo. 
This  dynamotor-dynamo  has  two  sets  of  fields  both  ener- 
gised from,  the  current  of  the  ship.  Rotating  within  one 
of  these  fields  is  an  armature,  on  which  are  wound  the 
direct-current  motor  windings,  and  in  the  same  slots  the 
three-phase  alternating-current  windings.  Rotating  within 
the  other  set  of  fields  is  an  armature  wo\ind  to  produce 
20-24  volt  direU  current. 


A  10-cell  accumnlator  ia  floated  on  the  20-volt  line.  An 
automatic  cut-out  lK;tween  the  20-volt  generatr)r  and  the 
batt<:ry  Hntornaticaliy  (uits  out  the  generatfjr  if  ilR  voltage 
fulls  l)clow  that  of  the  buttery  and  uutomatically  cut*  it  in 
again  immediately  the  voltage  riH<;H  above  that  of  the  l^attcry. 
This  cut-out  has  two  coils  wounfl  on  the  same  cjure,  one  in 
series  with  the  current  and  one  in  shunt,  the  design  being 
similar  to  tliat  of  devices  used  on  auUtmobiles. 

Fig.  10  is  an  elementary  diagram  of  the  electrical  HyHtem. 
The  synchroniser  connections  there  shown  are  for  the  pur- 
pose of  adjusting  the  repeater  compasses  to  synchroniHC  them 
with  the  master  comfmss  when  first  starling.  When 
synchronising,  the  repeater  a)mpaBBC8  are  connecterl  to  the 
synchroniser,  which  is  a  liand-operated  transmitter,  and  a 
circuit  to  a  slop  magnet  within  the  repeater  is  connected. 
The  synchroniser  is  then  turned,  so  that  its  card  passe* 
through  300".  No  matter  where  the  repeaters  have  been 
previously,  the  synchroniser  must  turn  them  to  the  zero 
point.  When  they  are  near  the  zero  point,  contacts  on  the 
repeater  card  complete  the  circuit  to  the  stop  magnet,  which 
draws  a  latch  down  on  the  armature  shaft  of  the  repeater 
motor.  When  the  repeater  comes  to  exact  zero  this  latch 
falls  into  a  slot  on  the  armature  shaft,  and  thus  stops  and 
locks  the  repeaters  at  zero. 

The  operator  in  the  central  station  thus  knows  that  after 
he  has  turned  the  synchroniser  through  SCO'  the  repeaters 
must  all  be  at  zero.  He  then  turns  the  synchroniser  to 
zero,  and  releases  the  stop  magnet.  The  repeaters  most 
now  be  at  the  same  reading  as  the  synchroniser,  and  free  to 
turn  with  it.  As  the  synchroniser  or  repeater  switchboard  is 
immediately  adjacent  to  the  master  compass,  the  operator 
has  only  to  glance  at  the  card  of  the  master  compass  to  see 
what  the  reading  of  the  repeaters  should  be  ;  he  then  turns 
them  to  the  reading  of  the  master  compass,  and  switches 
them  off  the  synchroniser  and  on  to  the  compass. 

An  alarm  system  is  provided  which  immediately  gives 
notice  of  failure  of  the  supply  of  current  to  the  dynamotor- 
dynamo,  or  of  failure  of  the  20-volt  direct  current.  Contacts 
on  the  master  compass  also  serve  to  operate  this  alarm, 
in  case  the  frame  of  the  master  compass  fails  to  follow. 

After  much  study  and  experiment  a  very  convenient 
switchboard  has  been  evolved  for  the  supply  of  current  to  the 
gyro  compass  system.  The  most  convenient  feature  of  this 
switchboard  is  the  small  direct-current  voltmeter  and  volt- 
meter switch,  which  are  used  for  finding  the  voltage  of  the 
supply,  the  voltage  of  the  battery,  the  voltage  at  the  20-volt 
dynamo  terminals,  and  positive  or  negative  leakage  in  any 
part  of  the  circuit.  The  connections  to  this  voltmeter 
which  make  it  possible  to  find  the  leakage  at  any  time  are 
especially  valuable,  as  it  will  usually  be  found  that  the  only 
source  of  trouble  on  board  ship  with  electrical  apparatus  is 
leakage  in  the  wiring  of  the  ship  between  the  various  parts 
of  the  apparatus.  Leakages  are  usually  due  to  nothing  but 
neglect,  and  if  convenient  means  are  provided  for  ascer- 
taining whether  or  not  there  is  leakage  at  any  time,  it  is  a 
very  simple  matter  to  hunt  down  and  elirainat*  the  trouble. 

Fig.  8  is  a  view  of  the  main  switchboard,  and  fig.  9 
shows  the  switchboard  used  for  cutting  out  and  synchronising 
the  repeater  compasses. 

Space  does  not  permit  of  our  dwelling  on  the  many  advan- 
tages which  accrue  to  men-of-war,  submarines  and  merchant 
ships  by  the  use  of  an  absolutely  accurate  compass  withont 
"  lag."  Most  of  these  advantages,  however,  are  quite 
obvious.  It  may  be  interesting  to  add  that  repeated  tests  of 
the  Sperry  gyro  compass  under  the  most  severe  conditions 
of  roll,  pitch  and  change  of  speed,  have  failed  to  show  a 
deviation  of  more  than  ^  of  a  degree  at  any  time. 

A  branch  office  of  the  Sperry  Gyroscope  Co.  has  been 
opened  at  57,  Victoria  Street,  London,  S.W.,  and  in  this 
office  will  be  installed  a  gyro  compass  mounted  on  a  testing 
machine  capable  of  subjecting  the  compass  to  heavy  roll 
and  pitch  and  rapid  changes  of  course. 

The  Sperry  gyro  compass  is  now  in  successful  operation  on 
board  some  16  battleships  of  the  United  States  Navy,  in 
addition  to  eight  submarine?.  Wherever  it  is  used  the  com- 
pass is  depended  upon  for  all  purposes  connected  with  navi- 
gation, to  the  exclusion  of  the  magnetic  compass,  which  is 
used  as  an  occasional  check  ;  and  up  to  the  present  time  ita 
adoption  has  proceeded  without  encountering  that  manifesta- 
tion of  the  lawfe  of  inertia  kno"wn  aS  "  conferratfsYn." 


916 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  7?.    No.  1,854,  June  6,  191  :^. 


NOTES. 


( Conflvdfd  from  par/e  940.) 

:  "The  Point  Fives."— "We  are  informed  thai  Dr. 
Ferranti  will  open  the  discusBion  at  the  meetinfr  on  June  17th, 
which  will  take  place  at  the  Delico  Reetanrant  at  7  o'clock  (tickets, 
38.  6d.). 

At  the  recent  debate  on  the  etandardisation  of  cookers,  the  follow- 
inft  "five  points"  were  unanimously  aerreed  upon  : — 

"Whilst  "The  Point  Fives"  in  no  way  wish  to  hamper  the 
development  of  cookinp  apparatus  by  attempting:,  at  this  early 
stape,  to  standardise  details,  they  desire  to  place  before  manufac- 
turers a  number  of  general  preliminary  principles  which,  as  a 
result  of  their  use  of  various  types  of  cooking  apparatus,  they  con- 
sider to  be  of  importance: — 

"(n)  That  domestic  and  other  cookinsr  ranges  (consisting  of  oven, 
grill  and  hot  plates)  should  have  each  sub-circuit  separately  fused, 
and  each  protected  by  a  switch.  (The  oven  should  have  two  or 
more  circuits.) 

"(J)  That  switches  and  fuses  be  placed  in  such  a  position  that 
they  cannot  become  nndnly  heated,  that  they  cannot  be  damaged 
by  liquids  being  spilt  over  them,  and  that  they  are  easily 
accessible. 

. "  (f )  That  provision  should  be  made  for  efficiently  and  thoroughly 
earthing  all  apparatus. 

"  ((7)  That  cooking  ranges  be  fitted  with  at  least  one  indicating 
device  (separately  fused),  which  will  clearly  show  whether  any 
circuit  is  turned  on. 

"  (e)  That  manufacturers  and  designers  should  endeavour  to 
develop  a  hot  plate  which  will  work  satisfactorily  at  a  red  heat." 

In  the  time  available  it  was  found  impossible  to  deal  fully  with 
this  matter,  and  it  was  left  for  future  meetings  to  add  to  the  above- 
mentioned  points.  The  standardisation  of  electric  tariffs  was  also 
deferred  to  a  future  meeting. 

Electric  Vehicle  Progress  in   ED$>'1and. — Supporters 

of  the  movement  to  introduce  the  electric  battery  vehicle  into  this 
country  on  a  practical  scale  will  welcome  the  news  that  an 
unofficial  reliability  run  is  to  be  made  next  week  from  Dumfries  to 
London,  by  an  Arrol  Johnson-Edison  coup^',  a  product  of  the 
Arrol  Johnson  Co..  which,  as  previously  mentioned,  has  taken  up 
the  manufacture  of  electrical  vehicles,  and  judging  by  external 
appearance,  has  succeeded  in  producing  a  handsome  equipage. 

The  body,  of  aluminium,  is  mounted  on  an  underslung  chassis 
with  Lanchester  type  springing.  The  electric  motor  is  in  the 
centre  with  an  "under"  worm  drive,  which  is  somewhat  of  a 
novelty  for  this  type  of  car,  and  an  Edison  battery  is  placed  half 
under  the  bonnet  and  half  under  the  rear  seat. 

The  vehicle  is  a  three-seater  with  wheel  steering,  the  wheel  being 
inside,  as  in  the  majority  of  American  electrics. 

The  Dumfries-London  ran  is,  of  course,  partly  intended  for 
demonstration  purposes,  and  the  various  halts  are  more  numerous 
than  would  otherwise  be  the  case.  These  include  (Monday) 
Carlisle,  Penrith,  Kendal,  Lancaster,  Preston  and  Manchester, 
where  the  night  will  be  spent.  From  Manchester  (Tuesday)  the 
rnn  will  be  ria  Burslem,  Stafford,  Walsall,  Birmingham,  Rugby, 
Northampton,  Bedford.  Luton  and  Bamet,  at  each  of  which  a  short 
stop  will  be  made,  the  arrival  in  London  being  timed  for  about 
1  i  p.m. 

The  organisation  of  the  trip  is  due  to  Mr.  W.  H.  L.  Watson,  of  the 
Edison  Battery  Co.,  who  has  invoked  the  aid  of  the  numerous  central 
station  engineers  in  the  towns  visited.  We  understand  from  Mr. 
Watson  that  in  connection  with  the  paper  on  electric  vehicles  to  be 
read  at  the  Kingston  meeting  of  the  I.M.E.A.  on  June  19th  next. 
1 6  different  electrics,  of  both  the  pleasure  and  commercial  types, 
by  various  makers,  will  be  on  view  for  demonstration  purposes, 
thus  affording  an  excellent  opportunity  for  close  acquaintance 
with  the  modern  battery  car,  the  successful  introduction  of  which 
depends  so  largely  on  the  charging  facilities  which  the  municipal 
authorities  must  now  be  prepared  to  give. 

It  is  a  sign  of  the  times  that  H.M.  Post  Office  has  now  obtained 
a  trial  electric  mail  truck,  built  by  the  Silvertown  Co.,  for  postal 
deliveries  ;  we  understand  that  a  wholesale  adoption  of  these 
trucks,  in  place  of  horse  vans,  in  one  centre,  is  being  considered, 
the  Postal  authorities  possessing  exceptional  facilities  for  battery 
charging  from  their  own  plants.  In  London,  Messrs.  Liberty's 
have  obtained  the  first  of  .SO  Edison  battery  cars  for  town  delivery 
work  ;  Messrs.  Harrods  have  received  four  1-ton  Edison  battery 
vans,  and  are  proposing  to  introduce  <',0  for  London  deliveries,  while 
we  gather  from  Mr.  Watson  that  his  firm  has  inquiries  for  as  many 
more.  It  is  interesting  to  notice  that  the  (Hasgow  Corporation 
is  proposing  to  obtain  '2'>  battery-driven  scavenging  vehicles,  and 
the  Marylebone  Council  is  considering  the  adoption  of  1 8  similar 
vehicles. 

The  Ilford  authorities  have  an  Edison  battery  'bus  under  con- 
sideration, and  a  tower  wagon  for  tramway  repair  work,  equipped 
with  an  Edison  battery,  has  been  adopted  by  one  system. 

From  the  foregoing  it  will  be  gathered  that  station  engineers  must 
now  seriously  consider  the  matter  of  providing  adequate  charging 
facilities.  The  standardisation  of  the  charging  voltage  is  also  a 
matter  of  the  first  importance. 

The  I.E.E.  Conversazione. — Invitations  have  been 
issued  by  Mr.  W.  Duddell,  F.R.S,,  President,  and  Mrs.  .Tohn 
Smithers,  and  the  Council  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engi- 
neers to  the  conversazione  to  be  held  at  the  Natural  History 
Mneenm,  Cromwell  Road.  S.W.,  on  Thursday  evening,  June  26th, 
from  9  to  11.30  p.m. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

Ike  Editort  invite  electrical  engineert,  whether  connected  with  the 
technical  or  the  commercial  side  of  the  profemion  and  indv-ttry, 
alto  electric  tramway  and  railway  officiaU,  to  keep  readers  of  the 
Electrical  Review  posted  at  to  their  nwvements. 


Central  Station  Officials. — The  town  electrical  engineer 

and  tramways  manager  of  East  London,  South  Africa,  Me.  J. 
MORDY  LAMnE,  expects  to  arrive  in  this  country  in  June.  In  view 
of  the  considerable  extensions  in  the  electricity  supply  and  tram- 
ways undertakings  of  East  London  now  in  contemplation,  Mr. 
Lambe  is  i  articularly  interested  in  central  station  plant  and 
machinery  and  motor-'buses,  and  will  attend  the  Imperial  Motor 
Transport  Conference  to  be  held  in  England  in  July.  His  address 
will  be:— Care  of  Wni.  Dunn  &  Co.,  Broad  Street  Avenue, 
London,  E.C. 

Owing  to  the  operation  of  the  Glasgow  Boundaries  Act,  1912, 
Mr.  T.  C.  Parsons  and  Mr.  W.  Silleuv  have  retired  from 
the  management  of  the  Govan  and  Partick  electricity  undertakings 
respectively. 

At  the  Watford  Council  Offices  recently,  the  staff  presented  to 
Mr.  F.  W.  Purse,  the  electrical  engineer,  who  has  been  appointed 
to  a  similar  post  at  Carlisle,  a  silver  coffee-pot  and  four  silver 
vases.  The  presentation  was  made  by  Mr.  W.  F.  Goodrich,  chair- 
man of  the  CouncU. 

Accrineton  Electricity  Committee  has  engaged  Mb.  Habvev 
Whittle  as  a  special  canvasser  for  the  department. 

Having  concluiled  12  years'  service  at  Wey bridge  with  the 
Urbm  Electric  Supply  Co.  as  assistant  engineer.  Me.  Selby 
Howard,  has  been  presented  with  a  silver  cigarette  case  and  a 
cheque  by  the  employes.  Captain  H.  W.  Watts,  resident  engineer, 
made  the  presentation  on  Thursday  last  week,  at  the  Lincoln 
Hotel. 

Mr.  Arnold  Gill  has  been  appointed  second  assistant  elec- 
trical engineer  at  the  electricity  works  of  the  Hebden  Bridge 
District  Council. 

We  understand  that  our  notice  of  last  week  with  reference  to 
Basingstoke  electric  lighting  was  not  quite  correct.  Mr.  .Tohn  B. 
Morgan,  electrical  engineer  to  Horsham  U.D.C.,  only  asked  the 
permission  of  his  Council  to  render  assistance  to  Mr.  F.  R. 
Phipps,  the  Basingstoke  surveyor,  in  connection  with  the  pre- 
liminary preparations  for  the  electric  lighting  scheme  which 
has  been  placed  in  his  hands.  The  work  of  supervising  and  laying 
down  the  plant  will  be  undertaken  by  the  Basingstoke  officials. 

The  salary  of  Me.  J.  Sheppabd,  mains  engineer  of  the 
Southampton  undertaking,  has  been  advanced  from  £104  to  £130 
per  annum. 

Mb.  a.  G.  Low  has  resigned  his  position  with  the  Carlisle 
Corporation  to  take  up  the  post  of  shift  engineer  at  the  Stockton- 
on-i'ees  Corporation  Electricity  Works. 

Tramway  Officials. — The  Tramways  Committee  of  the 
Derby  T.C.  has  increased  the  salary  of  Mb,  P.  W.  Bancroft, 
chief  clerk,  from  £130  to  £15ri  per  annum. 

The  Blackpool  Tramways  Committtee  has  increased  the  salary 
of  JIr.  F.  S.  Field,  tramway  engineer,  from  £3  lOs.  to  £4  per 
week. 

At  the  West  Ham  Tramways  Committee  meeting  on  Tuesday  last, 
the  resignation  of  Mr  H.  E.  Blain  from  the  position  of  manager 
was  received  and  considered.  Mr.  Blain  is  about  to  take  up  an 
appointment  elsewhere  in  this  country.  The  Committee  decided  to 
recommend  the  Council  to  accept  the  resignation  with  regret,  and 
many  good  things  were  said  regarding  the  splendid  service  rendered 
to  the  borough  by  Mr.  Blain.  It  is  proposed  that  the  Council 
present  him  with  an  illuminated  testimonial  under  seal,  and  that  a 
successor  be  advertised  for  at  a  salary  of  .£550  per  annum,  advanc- 
ing by  £50  per  annum  up  to  £700. 

(ileneral.  —  Mr.  Lawford  (Jraxt  has  resigned 
his  position  as  president  and  managing  director  of  the  Canadian 
British  Insulated  Co.,  Ltd,,  Montreal,  to  take  over  the  manager- 
ship of  the  Eugene  F.  Phillips  Electrical  Works,  Ltd.,  Montreal, 
one  of  the  largest  wire  and  cable  factories  in  the  Dominion  of 
Canada.  Mr.  Grant,  who  is  the  honorary  secretary-treasurer  for 
Canada  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,  has  built  up  a 
large  business  for  the  Canadian  British  Insulated  Co.  He  went 
from  England  to  Canada  about  six  years  ago  as  manager  of  the 
company  in  the  Dominion,  and  later  assumed  the  position  of  presi- 
dent and  managing  director  of  the  Canadian  Co.,  which,  we  under- 
stand, now  numbers  amongst  its  customers  all  the  most  important 
power  supply  companies  and  cities  in  Canada. 

Mr.  Francis  W.T.  Brain,  Gloucestershire's  new  knight,  has  been 
closely  identified  all  his  life  with  the  mining  industry  of  the  Forest 
of  Dean.  We  are  informed  that  he  was  a  pioneer  in  the  application 
of  electricity  to  mining.  Our  correspondent  writes  : — "  It  was  at 
the  Trafalgar  Collieries,  with  which  he  is  still  associated  as 
managing  director,  that  electricity  was  first  applied  underground. 
This  was  in  January,  1883.  He  contributed  papers  explanatory  of 
the  work  done,  to  the  South  Wales  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers, 
and  also  to  the  Bath  Meeting  of  the  British  Association  in  ]>*9(i. 
Mr.  Brain  is  recognised  as  an  expert  in  electric  blasting.  Elec- 
tric fuses,  now  so  generally  used  in  collieries,  were  first  perfected 
and  supplied  by  him  more  than  25  years  ago,  and  the  Cinderford 
or  Brain's  fuse,  manufactured  under  his  patents,  is  still  well  known 
and  largely  used.  He  was  President  of  the  Mining  Association  of 
Great  Britain  in  1911-12." 


Vol.72.  No.  i,8M,  Junk  fi,  1913.1         THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


947 


On  tliooooHHioii  of  llid  viHit  of  Mi(.  .loliN  111  iiNs  to  Uuckmihuiii 
latit  Saturday  to  open  KnlHoy  Park  to  tho  puhlio,  ho  waH  wolcomed 
by  Mr.  fiHorjro  Sutton,  .1.1'.,  in  hJH  capncity  oh  ohairnian  of  the 
DiHtriot  Counoil.  A  commemorative  ouk  tree  weh  planted  by 
Mrs.  Sutton. 

Ml{.  \\.  J.  LlNc  haH  resiirned  hiH  pohilion  in  tho  electrical 
department  of  Mocprs.  A.  Kmanuel  k  Souh,  MancheBter,  and  has 
joined  Mr.  A.  Horjfhyd  (.trading:  a8  Iloyer  iV  BortrhyH,  tiU  and  lil.  Now 
Oxford  Street,  London,  W.C.)  aH  a  partner.  The  luime  of  the  firm 
will  be  unaltered. 

Ai.n.  II.  W.  Peal,  J. P.,  chairman  of  tho  Borony-h  of  Kalincr 
Electricity  Committee,  is  lyinjf  ill  at  Switzerland  with  rheumatic 
fever.  Thougfli  reported  to  bo  making-  Hati-^fnctory  proprrcHH,  it  will 
be  a  considerable  time  before  he  iH  able  to  return  home. 

The  A  ii.il  I- II  Hi  in  Miiiiinj  Sfn  nilun/  »ta,te»  that  Mu.  W.  M.  AiiSOT 
has  resigned  his  position  as  general  manager  of  Messrs.  Siemens 
Bros.,  and  intends  visiting  London  on  private  business  at  an  early 
date. 

Obituary. — Onr  readers  will  regret  to  hear  that  Catt. 
W.  R.  LuoAK,  who  had  been  in  bad  health  for  six  months, 
passed  awny  at  his  residence,  .'>,  South  Street,  Halifax,  N.S.,  at 
4.30  a.m.  on  May  2l8t,  in  his  fifty-ninth  year.  The  Nova  Scotia 
papers  pay  tribute  to  his  memory  and  to  the  esteem  in  which  he 
was  held  by  all,' and  his  English  friends  will  be  in  accord  with 
the  expressions  of  the  /fnHfu.r  J!rinri!ri\  which  says:  "Captain 
Lugar  was  highly  esteemed  for  his  many  sterling  qualities.  Con- 
scientious in  all  his  dealings,  he  has  passed  away  to  the  deep  regret 
of  those  with  whom  he  was  brought  in  contact."  We  extend  to 
Mrs.  Lugar  and  the  sons  and  daughters  our  deep  sympathy  in  their 
bereavement. 

We  regret  to  read  of  the  death,  which  occurred  on  May  30th, 
atCatford,of  Mu.  Fkedkrick  Henuy  Almhoth  Stevens,  who  was 
for  48  years  with  the  Telegraph  Construction  and  Maintenance 
Co.,  in  hU  sixty-third  year.  The  funeral  took  place  on  Tuesday 
Last  at  Hither  Green  Cemetery. 

Will. — Mr.  E.  M.  Underdovvn,  K.C,  chairman  of  the 
Direct  U.S.  Cables  Co.,  Ltd,,  who  died  in  April,  left  £108,556  gross 
and  net  personalty  £14,057. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Grompton  &  Co,,  Ltd. 

An  extraordinary  general  meeting  of  this  company  was  held  on 
Wednesday  at  Salisbury  House,  EC,  to  consider  a  scheme  for  recon- 
struction, and  to  pass  resolutions  adopting  same  and  winding  up 
voluntarily  (with  Mr.  E.  Reeves  as  liquidator)  for  the  purpose  of 
registering  a  new  company,  to  be  named  Crompton  it  Co.,  Ltd.  A 
second  extraordinary  general  meeting  is  to  follow  on  June  19th  for 
confirmatory  purposes.  The  letter  issued  to  the  shareholders  con- 
tains the  following  statement  explaining  the  reasons  of  the  board 
for  bringing  forward  the  scheme  at  the  present  time  : — 

"  For  some  time  past  the  directots  have  had  under  their  careful 
consideration  the  question  of  the  reorganisation  of  the  company's 
capital,  and  the  provision  of  further  working  capital  which  is 
urgently  required  to  enable  the  business  to  be  carried  on  at  a  profit 
to  the  shareholders.  The  demand  for  electrical  machinery  and 
appliances  is  increasing  and  prices  are  rising  ;  consequently  the 
present  appears  to  be  a  favourable  opportunity  for  placing  the  com- 
pany in  a  position  to  take  advantage  of  the  improved  trade  con- 
ditions. During  the  ten  years  ending  March  3 1st,  1909,  the  profits 
earned  by  the  company,  after  providing  and  paying  all  outgoings, 
including  depreciation,  interest  on  debentures  and  loans,  kc, 
amounted  to  .-6143,324,  or  an  average  of  £14,332  per  annum.  In 
the  years  ending  March  31st,  1910  and  1911,  and  in  the  first  half 
of  the  following  year,  there  was  a  scarcity  of  orders,  and  losses 
were  incurred,  due  partly  to  inability  to  keep  the  works  profitably 
employed  and  partly  to  losses  on  a  contract  abroad.  Since  1911 
the  position  has  much  improved.  The  volume  of  orders  has  in- 
creased, considerable  reductions  have  been  made  in  the  standing 
establishment  charges,  and,  with  adequate  working  capital,  it  is 
fully  anticipated  that  satisfactory  profits  will  be  earned.  With 
a  view  to  the  adjustment  of  the  capital  account,  and  to  the  intro- 
ducing into  the  business  of  the  necessary  working  capital,  the 
directors,  after  consultation  with  the  principal  shareholders,  have 
decided  to  recommend  the  scheme  of  reconstruction,  which  is  fully 
described  in  the  memorandum  enclosed  herewith,  and  which  can 
be  carried  through  with  but  little,  if  any,  interference  of  the 
company's  business.  The  directors  are  of  opinion  that  with  this 
fresh  capital  the  prospects  of  the  new  company  will  be  distinctly 
favourable.  The  amount  required  to  pay  7  per  cent,  dividend  on 
the  proposed  preference  shares  is  £9,520,  and  arrangements  have 
been  made  to  underwrite  the  issue."' 

The  scheme  of  reconstruction  submitted  by  the  directors  includes 
voluntary  liquidation  with  a  view  to  the  transfer  of  its  under- 
taking to  a  new  company  in  consideration  of  (a)  The  discharge  by 
the  company  of  the  debentures  of  the  present  company  and  the 
performance  and  fulfilment  of  the  pending  engagements  of  the 
present  company,  and  the  costs  and  expenses  of  and  incidental  to 
the  liquidation  of  the  present  company.  (h)  The  allotment  and 
issue  to  members  of  the  present  company  of  fully-paid  ordinary 
shares  provided  for  below,  (c )  The  rights  of  the  shareholders  of 
the   present  company  to  apply   for   and  have  allotted   to   them, 


and/or  their  nominecN,   partly-puid  Hharca  in   the  new  company  on 
tho  t<!rmH  Htated  bnlow. 

Tho  now  company  will  bo  Incorporated  with  a  capital  of 
t: 22 1,000,  divided  into  221,000  nhareH  of  }.]  each,  of  which  l.Vi.OOO 
nhall  bo  7  per  c<!nt.  non-cumulaUve  prirticiputinif  pr<:f(:r<;ncc  iihare* 
of  £1  each,  ami  K,"j,0<)0  ordinary  nhnreK  of  £1  each  for  the  purpOM, 
iritrr  itliii,  of  carrying  on  the  bupiin(*M  of  tlie  prcwint  wjmpany. 
Tho  prefrrenco  Mhares  will  \)c  preferential  \x>ih  ttH  U>  dividendii  and 
capital,  and  will  also  be  entitled,  aftiT  payment  of  a  non-';unial»- 
tive  dividend  on  the  ordinary  mhareH  of  the  company  for  the  time 
being  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum,  to  participate  in  the 
profitt  available  for  further  dividendn,  jmri  pan'ii,  with  Hnch 
ordinary  shareH,  and  after  repayment  of  the  capital  in  a  windiDK- 
up  to  participate  in  the  surplus  ascet",  jmri  piumii  with  Huch  ordinary 
shares  in  Vioth  cases  in  proportion  to  the  amounts  paid  or  credited 
as  paid  on  the  preference  and  ordinary  shares  respectively.  The 
85,000  ordinary  shares  will  be  allotted,  credited  oh  fully-paid  up. 
to  the  registered  holders  of  the  ordinary  shares  in  the  preiteDt 
company,  and/or  their  nominees,  in  the  proportion  of  one  ordinary 
share  for  every  one  existing  share  held  by  them  ;  the  preference 
shares  credited  with  12r.  lid.  per  share  paid-up,  to  be  offered  to  the 
registered  holders  of  shares  in  the  present  company,  and/or  their 
nominees,  in  the  proportion  of  eight  of  such  preference  shares  for 
each  five  shares  held  by  such  shareholder  in  the  present  company. 
Failing  acceptance  of  any  of  the  preference  shares  by  the  share- 
holders of  the  company,  and/or  their  nominees,  within  the  period 
specified  below,  such  shares  shall  be  issued  to  the  nominees  of  the 
liquidator  of  the  present  company,  credited  with  12b.  6d.  per  share 
paid  thereon. 

The  new  company  shall  be  at  liberty  to  issue  first  debentures  for 
€  100,000,  carrying  interest  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per  annum,  for 
the  purpose  of  being  exchanged  for  the  debentures  of  the  present 
company,  such  new  debentures  to  constitute  a  first  specific  charge 
on  the  freehold  and  leasehold  property,  patents  and  patent  rights  of 
the  present  company,  and  a  first  floating  charge  on  the  remainder  of 
the  property,  present  and  future,  of  the  new  company,  including  its 
uncalled  capital,  and  to  be  secured  by  a  trust  deed  in  a  form  to  be 
approved  by  the  trustees  of  the  trust  deed  securing  the  debentures 
of  the  present  company. 

The  period  during  which  the  holder  of  shares  in  the  present  com- 
pany shall  be  entitled  to  claim  as  of  right  by  himself  and,  or  his 
nominees,  an  allotment  of  preference  and  ordinary  shares  in  the 
new  company,  is  to  be  stated  in  the  notice,  or  notices,  inviting  appli- 
cations for  such  shares,  but  shall  not  be  less  than  seven  days  from 
the  posting  of  such  notices. 

The  unpaid  liability  of  7s.  (id.  per  share  on  the  preference  shares 
of  the  new  company  shall  be  payable  as  to  Is.  per  share  on  applica- 
tion, Is.  6d.  on  allotment,  and  the  balance  by  calls  not  exceeding 
2s.  rid.  per  share  at  intervals  of  not  less  than  three  months. 

The  new  company  shall  be  at  liberty  to  procure  the  under- 
writing of  the  whole  of  the  preference  shares  at  a  commission  of 
5  per  cent,  and  an  over-riding  commission  of  1  per  cent,  on  the  sum 
of  £51,000  which  will  be  provided  by  the  issue  of  those  shares,  and 
also  to  pay  the  expenses  of  and  incidental  to  the  formation  of  the 
new  company,  and  of  the  transfer  to  it  of  the  property  and  assets 
of  the  old  company.  . 

We  understand  that  at  the  meeting  on  Wednesday  the  resolutions 
were  carried  without  opposition. 


British  Thoinson-lfouston  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  eighteenth  ordinary  general  meeting  was  held  on  Wednesday, 
May  28th,  at  the  offices,  83,  Cannon  Street,  E.G.,  :Mr.  .1.  F.  Nauheim 
presiding. 

The  Chaikman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Elec. 
Rev.)  said  the  past  year  had  been  a  very  satisfactory  one  from  the 
point  of  view  of  orders  received.  Both  in  the  home  and  export 
trade  they  had  had  record  figures,  but,  on  the  other  hand,  their 
deliveries  had  not  been  satisfactory  owing  to  the  great  difficulties 
which  they  experienced  in  obtaining  raw  material  owing  to  the 
coal  strike.  Those  difficulties  continued  up  to  the  end  of  the  year 
and  seriously  affected  their  output,  and  it  was  largely  owing  to  this 
that  the  profit  for  1912  was  only  as  large  as  that  shown  for  1911. 
They  had,  however,  also  to  take  into  consideration  that  they  had 
had  to  pay  higher  wages,  the  cost  of  the  new  Insurance  Act  and  the 
increased  amount  for  interest  on  the  advances  to  pay  for  the 
various  extensions  mentioned  in  the  report.  Generally  speaking, 
they  had  made  good  progress,  and  the  volume  of  business  secured 
in  1912,  which  would  come  into  account  in  1913,  entitled  them  to 
look  forward  to  a  very  favourable  result  for  the  present  year,  all 
the  more  so  that  the  orders  secured  since  the  beginning  of  this  year 
showed  an  important  increase  over  those  secured  in  the  same  period 
of  1912.  The  workshops  were  fully  occupied,  and  the  additional 
facilities  which  they  had  provided  justified  entirely  the  large  outlay 
of  capital  already  expended  and  to  be  incurred. 

Mr.  G.  Franklin  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted. 

Itiriiiinsham  District  Power  and  Traction  Co.  Ltd. 

The  meeting  of  this  Company  wa.<;  held  on  May  28tb,  at  Elec- 
trical Federation  Offices,  Kingsway,  W.C,  Mr.  C.  S.  B. 
Hilton  presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Elec.  Rev.,  page  iiOT),  said,  that  at  the  meeting  last  year  he 
stated  that-  the  business  had  shown  expansion  in  both  branches, 
and  lie  was  happy  to  be  able  now  to  inform  them  that  those 
hopes  had  not  been  disappointed,  and  that  the  expansion  had 
been  continuous  throughout  the  past  year  and  showed  no  sign  of 


948 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.  fVol.  72.     No.  l.Sst,  June  6,  191H. 


abatement.  The  total  result  of  the  year's  operations  showed 
a  surplus  of  ^55,440  ISs.  6d.  This  compared  with  f  52,841  168.  Od. 
in  the  preceding  year.  Those  results  were  really  better  than 
they  appeared.  In  1911  they  had  an  exceptionally  fine  summer, 
which  had  a  beneficial  effect  on  the  general  traffic  of  the  tram- 
ways, while  last  year's  receipts  were  prejudicially  affected  by 
the  exceptionally  bad  weather,  in  spite  of  which,  however,  the 
traffic  receipts  showed  an  increase  of  f2,400,  and  the  receipt* 
from  parcels  an  increase  of  fTOO,  while  the  expenses  of  the 
tramways  department  showed  an  increase  of  only  i?400,  and  the 
receipts  of  the  tramways  of  the  subsidiary  companies  showed 
improvement*  in  all  cases.  Turning  to  the  electricity  supply, 
the  Company's  steady  progress  was  well  maintained.  The 
receipts  showed  an  increase  of  £3,000,  while  the  expenses  had 
increased  by  about  X2,300.  The  increase  of  profit  was,  though 
small,  satisfactory,  as  it  represented  current  sold  to  new  con- 
sumers, who  had  more  than  replaced  one  very  large  consumer 
who  was  supplied  at  a  very  low  rate.  Repairs  and  maintenance 
showed  a  slight  increase,  and  there  was  a  small  increase  in 
administration  and  general  expenses.  The  renewals  account 
had  again  been  crixlited  with  is.OOO;  £3,000  had  been  added 
to  the  reserve  fund,  against  £3,570  in  1911,  while  the  sinking 
fund,  under  the  operation  of  the  trust  deed,  received  £460  more. 
The  dividends  and  interest  received  on  investments  from  the 
associated  companies  amounted  to  £30,180,  compared  with 
£29,861  in  the  previous  year,  and  this  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
the  Electrical  and  Industrial  Investment  Company  paid  no 
dividend  on  its  ordinary  shares,  in  which  that  company  had  so 
large  a  holding.  The  renewals  account  now  stood  at  the  sub- 
stantial sum  of  £12,000,  and  the  reserve  account  at  about 
£12,500,  while  the  debenture  sinking  fund  stood  at  £27,919, 
making  altogether  over  £52,000  passed  to  various  reserve 
accounts  from  profits.  In  addition  to  these  sums  the  subsidiary 
companies  had  separate  reserve  and  renewals  funds,  the  total 
amount  of  which  was  £68,744.  Turning  to  the  capital  account, 
until  the  Smethwick  Electric  Lighting  undertaking  had  been 
transferred  to  the  Shropshire  Power  Company,  expenditure  on 
mains  and  additional  plant  must  be  provided  by  this  company, 
and  such  expenditure  as  had  already  taken  place  would,  it  was 
hoped,  be  adjusted  during  the  present  year,  when  the  under- 
taking of  Smethwick  was  transferred  to  the  Shropshire  Com- 
pany under  the  Board  of  Trade  Transfer  Order  now  awaiting 
confirmation  by  Parliament.  It  would  then  be  possible  to 
reduce  the  loan  from  the  Shropshire  Company,  standing  at 
£212,091  in  the  balance  sheet,  by  at  least  £166,347,  the  amount 
expended  up  to  December  31st  last  on  the  Smethwick  under- 
taking, and  the  balance  of  the  loan  would  be  still  further 
reduced  if  negotiations  now  in  progress  for  the  acquisition  of 
a  transfer  to  the  Shropshire  Power  Company  of  the  electricity 
supply  undertaking  in  Dudley  were  duly  completed.  An  amount 
of  £4,843  had  been  expended  at  December  Slst  on  the  purchase 
of  motor  omnibuses  out  of  a  total  liability  of  £21,698,  of  which 
at  present  about  £6,000  was  undischarged.  It  was  considered 
preferable  that  the  Company  itself  should  purchase  omnibuses 
and  lease  them  to  the  motor  omnibus  company  rather  than  that 
the  Company  should  further  increase  its  holding  in  debentures 
of  the  motor  omnibus  company.  This  method  had  the  advan- 
tage of  enabling  the  omnibuses  to  be  operated  by  the  company 
in  districts  away  from  Birmingham,  should  it  ever  be  necessary, 
as  that  company  was  not  restricted  in  its  operations  to  Birming- 
ham only.  It  was  hoped  that  by  the  end  of  the  present  month 
49  omnibuses  would  be  in  operation.  To  summarise,  the  com- 
bined working  balances  from  the  two  sections  of  the  under- 
taking amounted  to  £35,128,  an  improvement  of  £3,400. 
Sundry  receipts  were  about  £650  less,  interest  and  dividends 
from  investments  £319  more,  with  the  result  that  after  making 
all  the  provisions  he  had  referred  to,  they  were  able  to  recom- 
mend a  dividend  of  3J  per  cent.,  against  3  per  cent,  for  1911, 
and  to  carry  forward  a  rather  larger  sum.  While  all  these 
results  were  satisfactory  and  encouraging,  it  was  important  to 
remember  that  the  operating  costs  showed  a  tendency  to 
increase.  The  increased  cost  of  coal,  due  to  last  year's  strike, 
they  must  accept  as  permanent,  while  the  prices  of  all  stores 
and  materials  had  risen,  and,  in  addition  the  company  had 
been  faced  with  the  necessity  of  improving  the  rate  of  pay  of 
the  employees  all  round.  Early  in  April  considerable  agitation 
arose  amongst  the  men  employed  by  the  Company  and  the 
other  companies  operating  the  Black  Country  tramways,  for 
increased  pay  and  improved  conditions,  and  the  main  argument 
put  forward  was  the  increased  cost  of  living.  The  men  asked 
to  be  put  on  the  same  scale  of  pay,  etc.,  as  the  men  employed 
by  the  Birmingham  Corporation,  but  it  would  be  realised  that 
what  was  possible  to  a  municipal  system  running  in  a  city  like 
Birmingham  was  not  possible  for  a  company  serving  a  poorer 
and  more  widely  scattered  population.  The  cost  of  meeting  the 
men's  demands  on  all  the  Black  Country  tramway  companies 
would  have  meant  some  £7,500  a  year,  which  was  about  two- 
thirds  of  their  gross  increase  in  traffic  receipts  for  the  past  year 
before  providing  for  expenses.  On  May  16th  they  gave  the 
men  an  .ill-round  improvement  in  their  pay  and  other  condi- 
tions. The  men  recognised  that  the  board  had  done  all  that 
could  reasonably  be  expected  of  them,  and  he  was  hopeful  that 
things  would  now  resume  their  normal  aspect.  The  Chairman 
proceeded  to  deal  with  the  exchange  of  the  Company's  holding 
in  the  old  City  of  Birmingham  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  stocks  and  shares 
in  the  Electrical  and  Industrial  Investment  Company,  which 
was  sanctioned  Inst  year,  and  said  there  was  every  reason  to 
expect  that  for  the  present  year  a  substantial  dividend  would 
be  paid  by  the  Invcstmpnt  Company  on  its  ordinary  capital, 
und  a  larger  returti  inight  be  anticipated  on  the  inveetmenj; 
than  wKS  ^WSTVbd  on  the  old  mytsl'nrein;  prerviotrt  to  .191 1 .  All  to 
th«ir    inTfliiment    in    the     Bir'min(i;>)am     and     MldlaVid     Motor 


Omnibus  Company,  although  that  company  had  not  quite  re- 
covered from  the  losses  made  in  previous  years,  it  had  made 
substantial  progress,  and   the  outlook  was  encouraging. 

Mr.    S.    R.    Blundstonb  seconded   ihe    motion,    which    was 
carried    unanimously. 


Kal^oorlie  Electric  Power  and  Liigrhtin);  Corpora- 
tion, Ltd. 

The  seventh  ordinary  general  meeting  was  held  on  May  28th, 
at  Winchester  House,  E.C.,  Mr.  R.  W.  Wallace,  K.C, 
presiding. 

The  Chairman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Elec.  Rev.,  page  855),  said  that  last  year  he  told  them  they  were 
unable  to  pay  any  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares,  because  of 
the  cyclone  which  had  taken  place,  and  which  destroyed  their 
cooling  towers  and  a  large  number  of  their  transmission  lines. 
He  estimated  that  the  cost  of  repairing  the  damage  would  be 
about  £3,000,  but  fortunately  it  only  cost  them  £2,300.  The 
inconvenience  of  an  accident  of  this  kind,  over  which,  of  course, 
the  management  had  no  control,  did  not  only  extend  to  the 
replacing  of  the  damaged  plant,  but  it  also  affected  the  working 
during  the  year.  The  brunt  of  that  loss  had  fallen  upon  the 
present  accounts,  and  they  estimated  that  it  amounted  to  be- 
tween £2,500  and  £3,000.  Ho  was  glad  to  say  that  all  their 
difficulties  had  been  overcome  ;  they  had  no  trouble  with  their 
consumers,  and  except  for  the  delay  of  a  few  hours  they  kept 
their  tramways  running.  Another  matter  which  had  depreci- 
ated the  profits  last  year  was  the  change  in  the  working  of  the 
water  supply  company  from  Perth,  which  consisted  in  adding 
chemicals,  probably  lime,  to  their  water,  in  order  to  get  rid  of 
the  acidity  in  the  water  in  the  mains  running  from  Perth  to 
Kalgoorlie.  When  those  alterations  were  made  the  Company 
took  the  very  best  expert  advice  that  could  be  obtained,  for  the 
effect  of  using  that  water  with  the  chemicals  in  it  was  that 
coating  took  place  in  certain  of  the  tubes  in  their  boilers 
which  necessitated  the  use  of  more  fuel,  thus  adding  to  the 
expense  of  working.  He  was  gla<l  to  say  that  the  difficulty  had 
been  effectively  overcome  now.  V>  ith  regard  to  the  business, 
the  power  sales  were  very  much  larger  than  usual,  but  the  cost 
of  manufacturing  had  gone  up.  Last  year  he  told  them  they 
were  putting  down  a  new  unit  of  plant.  That  had  now  arrived, 
but  they  had  not  yet  had  the  benefits  of  its  working.  It  was 
satisfactory  to  be  able  to  say  that  the  new  plant  had  been 
entirely  paid  for  out  of  the  internal  resources  of  the  Company, 
and  they  expected  that  there  would  be  increased  profits  in  the 
future  as  a  result  of  further  economy  in  working.  In  con- 
clusion, the  Chairman  said  he  wished  they  had  been  able  to 
declare  a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares,  but  they  were  not 
justified  in  doing  so  at  the  present  moment,  and  it  was  only  by 
the  working  of  the  new  plant  that  they  could  anticipate  that 
their  profits  would  increase  to  enable  them  to  pay  a  dividend 
in  the  future. 

Mr.  Edward  Pope  seconded  the  motion. 

The  Chairman,  replying  to  Mr.  Crosse,  said  that  as  the 
Company  was  not  paying,  it  was  only  natural  that  the  share- 
holders might  think  that  the  directors  were  too  highly  paid, 
but  he  could  assure  them  that  the  work  of  the  board  was  no 
sinecure,  and  that  they  were  by  no  means  excessively  paid. 
Speaking  on  the  spur  of  the  moment,  he  should  say  that  the 
effect  of  the  new  plant  ought  to  mean  an  increased  profit  of 
between  £6,000  and  £7,000,  and  if  that  was  so,  it  would  enable 
them  to  pay  a  dividend  on  ths  ordinary  shares. 

The  report  was  adopted. 


Urban  Electric  Supply  Ca ,  Ltd. 

The  annual   meeting  was  held  on   Wednesday,   last  week,   at 
Salisbury  House,  E.C.,  Mr.  P.  D.  Tuckett  presiding. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see  Elec.  Rev.,  page 
862),  the  Chairman  said  that  the  first  and  most  important  item 
in  the  accounts  was  that  of  profits  earned  at  the  various  works, 
and  this,  he  was  glad  to  say,  showed  a  13  per  cent,  increase  of 
£6,586,  in  spite  of  the  coal  strike  last  Spring,  which,  apart  from 
the  indirect  loss  it  entailed,  had  directly  resulted  in  an  extra 
coal  bill  of  £4,427,  compared  to  what  it  would  have  been  at  the 
old  prices.  This  represented  an  increase  of  24  per  cent,  in  the 
price  of  coal,  and  he  need  not  tell  them  that  it  bad  proved  a 
heavy  burden.  It  was  all  the  more  fortunate,  therefore,  that 
trade  had  been  good  and  that  they  were  blesse<l  with  a  summer 
which,  in  spite  of  its  compensations,  he  imagined  few  of  them 
wished  to  see  repeated.  But  for  these  favourable  influences  he 
was  afraid  the  results  for  the  past  year  might  have  proved  dis- 
appointing, whereas  he  thought  they  would  agree  that  the  actual 
results  realised  were  not  unsatisfactory.  The  balance  of 
£54,265  carried  down  to  net  profit  and  loss  account  compared 
with  £47,649  a  year  ago.  Interest  charges  were  up  some  £3.560 
in  consequence  of  the  comparatively  heavy  capital  expenditure 
of  the  last  two  years,  and  the  provision  for  the  redemption  of 
debenture  stock  was  increased  by  £411,  leaving  a  net  disposable 
balance  of  £18,083.  This  they  proposed  to  apply  by  -appro 
priating  £10,000  to  reserve  for  depreciation,  and  £7,500  to  the 
payment  of  a  3  per  cent,  dividend  on  the  preference  shares, 
carrying  fonvard  £996.  Capital  expenditure  had  increased  by 
£54,079,  as  against  £68,606  the  previous  year,  the  issued  deben- 
ture stock,  less  amount  redeemed,  being  increased  from 
£3'2p,818  to  £867,534.  The  principal  change,  how'ever,  arose 
oiit  of  last  year'g  redv(fct\on  o!  tfapitlal.  The  ordinaty  share 
capital    now    stood     at    £^4h,or)h,     infit'ead    of    at     £400.000    a* 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,861,  Junk  (1,  1913.1 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


949 


r 


formerly,  the  dilTereuco  of  i'100,000  beina  reprfiiontfd  by  lh« 
now  capital  roaervo  fund,  againnt  which  TiimI  brcn  written  off 
the  expciiHCH  incurred  in  connection  with  the  reduction  of 
capital  and  the  coHt  of  plant  dismantled,  hitherto  appearing  as 
a  suMpenHo  account  ilem  on  the  asHcts  Hi<lo  The  existence  of  a 
fund  formed  in  tliia  way,  and  reprcHcnting  their  estimate  of  the 
depreciation  or  pcrniaiicMt  loss  of  capital  value  existing  at  the 
date  of  the  capital  re<lu(rtion,  was,  of  course,  unuBual,  but 
they  felt  that  in  the  case  of  a  company  whcjse  undertakings  were 
subject  to  purchase,  it  was  <lcsirablo  to  deal  with  the  matter  in 
this  way,  writing  <iiT  lossea  from  time  to  time  as  they  were 
actually  ascertained,  rather  than  to  reduce  their  assets  by  the 
full  amount  at  one  stroke.  The  existence  of  this  fund  in  no  way 
relieved  them  of  the  obligation  to  provide  for  current  and  future 
<lei)reciation.  It  was  essentially  a  fund  to  provide  for  a 
potential  loss  which  already  existed,  but  of  which  only  a  wniall 
part  had  yet  been  realised.  This  year,  as  he  told  them  last 
year  would  be  the  case,  they  would,  in  the  ordinary  course, 
have  also  written  off  against  this  fund  the  two  items  of  pre- 
liminary expenses  and  discounts  and  stamp  duty  on  debenture 
stock  issued,  but  the  recent  telephone  arbitration  had  sug- 
gested that  it  might  be  unwise  entirely  to  eliminate  such  items, 
and  consequently,  as  he  was  unable  to  give  the  matter  the 
careful  consideration  it  deserved,  owing  to  hie  having  been 
called  away  to  the  United  States  in  April,  they  decided  to  let 
these  items  stand  this  year  with  a  view  to  their  being  dealt 
with  next  year,  as  might  then  seem  best.  To  the  debenture 
re<lemption  reserve  they  had  this  year  added  £5,2,57  from  profit 
and  loss,  plus  £'618,  the  discount  on  the  debenture  stock  re- 
deemed, and  they  now  recommended  the  appropriation  of  a 
further  4;M0,000  to  the  depreciation  reserve,  making  the  joint 
total  f42,995,  a  figure  which  he  thought  they  would  agree  repre- 
sented a  substantial  beginning,  considering  the  short  time  those 
reserves  had  been  forming;  and,  in  addition,  some  jC1,800  had 
been  set  aside  during  the  year  for  battery  maintenance,  wiring 
stocks  had  been  written  down  by  i£434,  and  some  other  small 
reserves  made  in  the  branch  accounts.  Without  in  any  way 
unnecessarily  overdoing  it,  they  had  every  intention  of  safe- 
guarding the  future  by  the  provision  of  adequate  reserves,  and, 
as  their  prosperity  increased,  he  hoped  it  might  be  possible  for 
them  to  increase  still  further  the  amount  of  the  annual  provision 
now  made,  for,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  it  was  not  always 
recognised,  he  maintained  most  emphatically  that  the  strength- 
ening of  the  Company's  financial  position  by  the  provision  of 
adequate  reserves  was  in  the  real  permanent  interests  of  the 
ordinary  shareholders  no  less  than  in  that  of  the  debenture 
holders  and  preference  shareholders.  Proceeding  to  refer  to 
the  table  of  lamp  connections,  the  Chairman  said  they  would 
be  glad  to  see  that  they  had  increased  their  connections  by  the 
equivalent  of  87,758  33-watt  lamps,  an  increase  of  nearly  15  per 
cent.,  compared  with  increases  of  9  per  cent.,  10  per  cent.,  and 
12  per  cent,  in  the  three  previous  years.  This  steady  progress 
constituted  a  most  satisfactory  feature,  showing  as  it  did  the 
healthy  growth  and  active  potentialities  of  the  business.  It 
was  true  that  a  large  part  of  the  increase,  as  in  the  previous 
year,  was  attributable  to  Cornwall,  and  72  per  cent,  of  it 
represented  power,  but  it  was  all  good  business,  and  was  not  to 
be  despised  because  it  might  represent  a  somewhat  smaller 
proportionate  profit  than  an  equal  amount  of  lighting  connec- 
tions. As  compared  with  the  previous  year,  the  lighting  con- 
nections showed  an  increase  of  7  per  cent.,  and  power  an 
increase  of  26  per  cent.  The  output  for  the  past  year  increased 
by  5,494,331  units,  from  11,196,157  to  16,690,488,  a  49  per  cent, 
increase,  for  which,  as  in  the  case  of  the  lamp  connections,  Corn- 
wall was  principally  responsible,  the  power  and  heating  units 
representing  an  increase  of  66  per  cent.,  as  against  a  7  per  cent, 
increase  in  the  lighting  units.  For  the  first  quarter  of  the 
current  year,  they  had  connected  the  equivalent  of  14,585  33- 
watt  lamps  against  21,804  for  the  corresponding-period  last  year, 
when  they  had  an  exceptionally  large  connection  in  Cornwall. 
Consequently,  of  this  year's  total  the  lighting  connections  repre- 
sented 47  per  cent.,  as  against  only  16  per  cent,  a  year  ago. 
During  the  same  period  the  output  had  increased  47  per  cent., 
the  lighting  units  showing  a  5  per  cent,  increase  and  the  power 
units  a  64  per  cent,  increase,  and  these  increases  were  accom- 
panied by  a  satisfactory  growth  of  profit,  so  that  in  spite  of  the 
continued  high  price  of  coal,  he  thought  they  might  consider 
that  the  outlook  was  favourable.  Referring  to  the  results 
realised  by  the  individual  undertakings,  they  would  see  that 
Newton  Abbot  continued  to  show  a  steady  growth  of  profit,  as 
did  also  Grantham  and  Newbury,  those  three  towns  being  the 
ones  least  affected  by  the  increase  in  the  cost  of  coal,  Newbury 
being  a  water-power  station,  Caterham  had  also  done  well, 
and  it  might  be  a  source  of  satisfaction  to  them  to  notice  that 
the  return  on  the  capital  invested  there  was  now  over  5  per 
cent.,  whereas  it  was  little  more  than  1  per  cent,  when  he  joined 
the  board  five  years  ago.  The  poor  results  shown  by  Hawick 
were  principally  due  to  the  rise  in  the  price  of  coal,  which,  in 
the  case  of  an  undertakuig  like  Hawick  with  a  large  power  load, 
was  a  far  more  serious  matter  than  in  the  case  of  a  purely 
lighting  station.  Both  Weybridge  and  Twickenham  had  beeii 
adversely  afTected  by  dearer  coal,  and  apparently  the  influence 
of  the  metal  lamp  was  still  felt  in  a  greater  degree  there  than 
elsewhere,  since  in  neither  case  had  there  been  any  substantial 
diminution  in  the  growth  of  lamp  connections,  and  yet  the 
revenue  had  not  shown  a  corresponding  expansion.  Dartmouth 
had  suffered  from  dearer  coal,  and  also  from  the  adoption  of 
metal  lamps  bv  the  Naval  College,  which  constituted  a  large 
proportion  of  the  load.  For  the  bulk  of  their  increased  profit 
^hey  were  indebted  to  Cornwall.  a.s  was  only  natural  in  view  of 
ihe  large  amount  of  capital  spent  there  during  the  last  two 
years;  and  this  profit  should  again  show  a  large  increase  for  the 


current  year,  for  he  was  glad  to  lay  the  bubincM  Wal  dftv<:li<piiig 
in  tJKs  most  Hatisfactory  muniier,  and  gave  every  promitc  of 
fully  jubtifying  their  policy  in  embarking  on  it.  I'he  only 
drawbiu^k  was  that  it  watt  developing  hu  rapidly  and  tatiifac- 
torily  that,  to  cope  with  it,  they  were  reluctantly  obliged  to 
incur  fresh  capital  expenditure  before  they  hod  reaped  tlic  full 
benefit  from  their  original  expenditure,  bul  it  wai  a  purely  poAi- 
ing  phase,  and  however  inconvenient  it  might  prove  to  thone 
who  were  ru.spoiiHlble  for  Iho  raising  of  the  money  in  tbeito 
nnpropilious  times,  it  waH  not  a  matter  which  need  occasion 
them  any  anxiety,  for  they  could  nol  well  have  u  belter  or  more 
direct  indication  of  the  prosperity  awaiting  them.  The  other 
towns,  Stamford,  (Jodaluiing,  Glossop,  and  Berwick  had  all 
suffered  from  the  effects  of  dearer  coul,  and  Umm  principally 
accounted  for  the  poor  results  shown  by  them.  With  reference 
to  the  position  generally,  he  did  not  know  that  he  could  usefully 
add  anything  to  what  he  had  said  on  previrjua  occasions.  From 
the  particulars  be  had  already  given  them  they  would  have 
gathered  that  the  business  was  making  steady  progress,  and 
everything  pointed  to  its  continuing  to  do  so.  VVithout  entering 
into  further  details,  he  would  content  himself  by  saying  that  the 
increased  earnings  for  the  current  year  should  more  than  suffice 
to  pay  the  increased  cash  dividend  on  the  preference  sharefl. 

Mr.  FRANC18  E.  Gripper  seconded  the  motion,  and  the 
report  was  adopted  without  discussion. 

Replying  to  a  vote  of  thanks,  the  Cuairha.n  said  he  hoped  the 
shareholders  would  stick  to  their  holdings  and  not  throw  them 
away  at  the  present  low  prices,  for  he  was  certain  that  by 
holding  on  they  would  find  the  position  for  all  cloases  improve. 


Delhi  Electric  Tramways  and  Lighting;  Co.,  Ltd. 

Mr.  a.  W.  Tait  presided  on  May  29th  over  the  seventh 
ordinary  general  meeting  of  this  Company,  held  at  Basildon 
House,  E.C. 

In  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report,  the  Chairman  said  that 
the  results  for  the  year  1912  were  unsatisfactory,  but  there  had 
been  several  contributoiy  causes.  The  chief  causes  were  the 
low  receipts  and  high  traffic  expenses  of  the  tramway  system, 
the  abnormal  amount  of  repairs  executed  owing  to  the  poor 
condition  of  the  cars  and  their  equipments  and  the  amount  of 
overhauling  which  had  been  necessary  to  the  plant  in  the  Power 
Station.  The  year's  operations  had  also  been  affected  by  the 
considerable  rise  in  the  cost  of  coal,  which  might  be  emphasised 
by  the  fact  that  fuel  expenses  for  the  twelve  months  under 
review  were  nearly  as  high  as  the  figure  for  the  fourteen  months 
ended  December,  1911.  The  increase  in  the  cost  of  coal  was 
approximately  20  per  cent.,  and  he  did  not  see  any  prospect  of 
this  being  reduced  in  the  near  future.  It  was,  therefore,  all  the 
more  necessary  for  the  Company  to  consider  the  generation  of 
the  whole  of  the  power  required  by  Diesel  oil  engines,  which 
were  much  more  economical  in  operation.  Owing,  however,  to 
the  fact  that  the  existing  oil  engine  had  to  undergo  extensive 
overhaul  during  the  year,  the  generating  costs  were  adversely 
affected,  and  the  service  of  the  tramway  system  was,  therefore, 
on  various  occasions,  interrupted.  These  interruptions  natur- 
ally prevented  the  tramway  system  from  being  worked  in  an 
economical  manner,  and  this  part  of  the  Company's  business 
had  shown  a  loss  for  the  year.  They  had,  however,  during  the 
year,  done  a  great  deal  to  improve  the  condition  of  the  plant 
and  equipment  on  the  tramway  system.  The  Company  had 
also  had  to  contend  with  the  increase  in  labour  rates  "of  all 
classes,  and  this  rise  might  be  regarded  as  permanent.  Another 
difficulty  had  been  the  low  receipts  per  car  mile.  A  tramway 
expert  who  had  considerable  knowledge  of  Eastern  conditions, 
and  who,  at  one  time,  was  face  to  face  with  the  same  difiBcuIty 
and  had  successfully  overcome  it,  had  made  an  exhaustive 
report,  suggesting  drastic  changes  in  fares  and  traffic  condi- 
tions, and,  after  cojisideration,  the  Board  decided  to  adopt  his 
recommendations.  These  had  only  been  in  full  operation  for 
the  last  two  or  three  weeks.  For  sixteen  weeks  from  1st 
February,  the  traffic  receipts  showed  an  increase  of  approxi- 
mately Rs.  15,000,  which  was  equal  to  about  55  per  cent.  For  the 
period  since  Slst  December  to  date,  1,839,000  passengers  were 
carried,  as  against  708,000  for  the  corresponding  period  of  last 
year.  This  would  seem  to  prove  that  the  tramwa;;  system  was  now 
catching  on  with  the  native  population,  and  they  might,  there- 
fore, look  for  a  continuation  of  the  increase  in  receipts.  In 
order  to  deal  efficiently  with  the  traffic  under  the  new  con- 
ditions, a  European  traffic  superintendent  had  been  appointed. 
The  exceptional  expenditure  for  maintenance  would  no  doubt 
go  on  for  some  time  yet,  until  the  system  was  put  into  thorough 
working  order.  The  generating  costs  for  the  year  were  high- 
due  to  the  increased  cost  of  coal,  also  to  the  amount  of  expense 
incurred  in  overhauling  and  maintenance.  It  had  also  been 
necessary  entirely  to  renew  the  battery  equipment,  and  they 
had  purchased  a  condenser,  which  was  now  placed  in  position. 
It  was  the  hope  of  the  directors  that  the  position  of  the  Com- 
pany would  warrant,  in  the  near  future,  the  installation  of 
further  Diesel  plant,  not  only  to  meet  the  increased  demands 
which  were  coming  on  the  system,  but  also  to  supersede  the 
existing  steam  sets,  leaving  them  only  as  a  stand-by  in  case  of 
breakdown.  From  recent  information  received  from  the 
Manager,  it  would  seem  to  be  necessarv,  owing  to  the  growth 
of  the  load  on  the  station,  to  instal  further  plant  at  a  compara- 
tively early  date.  The  Board  hod  this  matter  under  consider- 
ation, and  were  obtaining  competitive  tenders  for  the  plant 
required.  With  regard  to  the  electric  supply  undertaking,  the 
gross  receipts  for  the  year  amounted  to  i'0,136,  as  compared 
with  £10,360  for  the  corresponding  twelve  months  of  the 
previous    year,    which   included    the    special    Durbar   receipts. 


960 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REYIEW.        [Voi.  72.  no.  i,864,  june  e,  i9i». 


For  the  four  mouths  to  80th  April,  1013,  as  compared 
with  the  corresponding  four  mouths  of  the  previous 
year,  there  was  an  increase  in  receipts  of  over  i£l,800, 
equal  to  over  65  per  cent.  In  addition  to  tlie  growth 
of  the  ordinary  lighting  demand,  the  demand  for  power  for 
small  motors  continued  to  grow  satisfactorily,  and,  in  order  to 
encourage  this  still  further,  the  Directors  had  recently  agreed 
to  a  reduction  in  the  scheduled  rates,  which  ihey  hoped  would 
attract  a  considerable  number  of  the  small  mill-owners  in  the 
city.  They  had  also  successfully  completed  negotiations  with 
the  Municipality  for  a  new  contra-ct  for  street  lighting  for  a 
period  of  five  years,  which  was  a  considerable  extension  on  the 
previous  coutract;  and  they  had  also  been  successful  in  recently 
connecting  to  their  mains  one  or  two  large  institutions  which 
would  take  a  fair  supply  for  lighting  and  fan  work.  The  num- 
ber of  units  which  had  been  generated  during  the  year  was 
999,347,  of  which  approximately  one-half  had  been  sold  for 
lighting  and  power  purposes,  the  balance  being  used  by  the 
tramway.  The  average  price  per  unit  sold  for  all  purposes  waa 
4.30d. ;  and  the  consumers  connected  during  the  year  amounted 
to  202,  as  compared  with  157  last  year.  The  total  number  of 
consumers  at  31st  December,  1912,  was  887,  and,  from  a  cable- 
gram which  they  had  just  received  from  the  General  Manager, 
this  had  now  risen  to  over  1,000.  The  number  of  fans  which 
they  had  connected  to  their  system  was  1,059  at  31st  December, 
1912,  as  compared  with  860  at  3l8t  December,  1911 ;  of  which 
194  were  connected  during  the  financial  year  as  against  162  in 
the  previous  financial  year.  These  statistics  showed  the  encour- 
aging progress  which  had  been  ma<le  by  the  lighting  section. 
They  were  also  in  negotiation  with  the  Government  for 
a  supply  to  their  temporary  works  to  the  north  of 
the  existing  city.  This  supply  would,  in  the  first 
instance,  probably  be  for  a  period  of  from  4  to  5  years,  although 
it  was  impossible  to  eay  for  what  time  it  would  be  extended  at 
the  expiration  of  that  period.  The  load  was,  however,  a  satis- 
factory one,  and  it  would  enable  the  Company  to  reduce  con- 
siderably the  generating  costs  per  unit  on  the  whole  system. 
With  regard  to  the  development  of  the  power  and  lighting 
station  in  the  new  City,  it  was  impossible  to  give  any  definite 
information  at  the  present  time.  As  they  knew,  the  Govern- 
ment experts  had  made  a  very  close  study  of  the  situation,  and 
it  was  only  comparatively  recently  that  they  had  definitely 
fixed  upon  the  site  for  the  new  City.  They  were  in  touch  with 
the  officials  of  the  Government — both  here  and  in  India — and 
had  received  intimation  from  them  that  when  the  Government 
plans  were  fully  developed,  the  Company  would  be  asked  to 
tender  for  the  supply.  They  must,  therefore,  wait  until  the 
scheme  was  developed,  and,  when  it  was  received,  it  would  be 
submitted  by  them  to  consulting  engineers,  in  order  that  they 
might  be  advised  as  to  the  best  and  most  economical  method  of 
carrying  out  the  work  and  the  form  of  tender  which  should  be 
sent  in.  Should  the  Company  be  successful  in  obtaining  the 
concession  for  the  new  City  and  the  contract  with  the  Govern- 
ment, this  would  involve  a  considerable  extension  of  its  capital 
account.  The  Company  would  have  to  provide  for  the  increas- 
ing load  on  the  power  station,  and  a  certain  amount  of  capital 
expenditure  would,  therefore,  be  necessary  very  soon.  The 
Board  had  the  matter  under  consideration  as  to  the  best  and 
most  economical  manner  in  which  the  necessary  capital  could 
be  raised.  lie  hoped  and  believed  that,  to  a  certain  extent, 
the  amount  required  would  be  minimised  by  the  profits  which 
should  now  accrue  from  the  system.  It  must  be  the  policy  of 
the  Board  for  some  little  time  to  come,  as  profits  were  made, 
to  retain  them  in  the  Company  for  the  purpose  of  providing 
for  the  necessary  capital  expenditure,  which  would  all  tend 
ultimately  to  improve  results.  The  affairs  of  the  Com- 
pany had  taken  a  decided  turn  for  the  better,  and  there 
was  every  prospect  that  its  position  should  slowly  but  gradually 
improve.  The  local  board  in  Delhi  was  no  longer  necessary 
and  had  been  dissolved.  It  would  be  better  that  all  matters 
of  administration  should  be  dealt  with  direct  between  the 
London  Boird  and  the  General  Manager  in  Delhi.  In  con- 
clusion the  Chairman  dealt  briefly  with  the  accounts,  and 
also  referred  to  the  retirement  of  Col.  Sir  Buchanan  Scott 
from  the  chairmanship  of  the  Company  owing  to  ill-health, 
although  he  retained  his  scat  on  the  Board. 

CoL.  Sir  Buchanan  Scott  seconded  the  motion. 

A  shareholder  pointed  out  that  last  year  they  were  told 
they  would  be  able  to  obtain  some  Diesel  engines  from  the 
Government,  but  they  still  appeared  to  be  working  by  steam. 
He  also  understood  that  another  company  was  going  to  bring 
current  from  some  falls  near  Delhi  where  it  could  be  generated 
much  cheaper  than  they  could  do  it,  and  it  was  suggested  that 
they  should  work  with  the  promoters  of  the  scheme. 

In  reply  to  this  and  other  speakers,  the  CHAIRMAN 
said  they  were  advised  locally  not  to  divide  up  the 
accounts  of  the  two  undertakings.  With  regard  to  the 
new  expenditure  they  had  got  out  certain  alternative  tenders 
for  plant  which  would  be  required  to  meet  their  own  normal 
increase,  and  also  the  supply  to  the  Northern  City.  These 
tenders  were  on  the  other  side,  and  until  they  received  them 
back  it  was  impossible  to  say  what  the  expenditure  would  be. 
He  believed  that  the  resources  they  had,  viz.,  the  balance  of 
debentures  not  yet  placed  and  the  profits  they  were  ivble  to 
make,  would  enable  them  to  finance  that  capital  expenditure. 
This  was,  of  course,  quite  apart  from  the  capital  expenditure 
involved  in  dealing  with  the  new  City  of  Delhi.  They  would  be 
very  glad  to  put  aside  depreciation  if  they  had  it.  He  agreed 
that  the  shareholders  had  had  a  long  time  to  wait,  but  they 
were  slowly  pulling  round.  They  were  Tke  others  learning 
by  experience. 

The  report  was  adopted,  and  the  retiring  directors  were 
re-elected. 


Hetalite,  Ltd. 

Thb  further  adjourned  ordinary  general  meeting  of  the  share- 
holders of  the  above  Company  was  held  on  Friday  at  the  offices, 
Christopher  Street,  Finsbury,  E.C.,  Mr.  Stewart  (Chairman) 
presiding. 

The  Chairman  said  be  understood  that  at  the  last  meeting 
Mr.  Bentley  presided,  and  informed  them  that  a  Receiver  had 
been  appointed  by  the  Bank,  and  that  arrangements  had  been 
made  by  which  uo  sale  should  take  place  up  to  the  end  of 
August,  to  enable  the  directors  to  form  a  scheme  of  reconstruc- 
tion. The  board  had  now  decided  on  the  general  outline  of 
such  a  scheme,  and  it  had  been  placed  in  legal  hands,  and 
would  be  issued  to  the  shareholders  he  hoped  by  the  eud  of 
next  week.  The  new  capitalisation  of  the  Company  would  be 
nominally  £80,000,  with  i'20,000  7  per  cent,  cumulative  prefer- 
ence shares  to  be  issued  for  cash;  a  distribution  of  i'20,000 
ordinary  shares  amongst  the  existing  debenture  holders  and  a 
further  i;20,000  of  5s.  ordinary  shares  credited  with  3s.  6d. 
paid  amongst  the  existing  ordinary  shareholders.  The  present 
Board  would  retire,  and  a  new  Board  would  be  elected  by  the 
shareholders  of  the  new  company,  for  which  a  special  meeting 
would  be  called.  However,  the  full  scheme  would  be  before 
the  shareholders,  and  a  meeting  would  be  called  to  consider  it, 
as  it  was  impossible  to  discuss  it  that  day.  He  thought  they 
would  agree  that  under  the  existing  unfortunate  circumstances 
it  was  the  best  thing  that  could  be  devised.  He  formally  moved 
that  the  meeting  stand  adjourned  until  August  2ytli,  in  order 
that  the  scheme  might  be  carried  into  effect, 

Mr.   Stone  seconded  the  motion. 

Mr.  Gregory  asked  if  August  29tli  was  not  too  long  an 
adjournment.  If  they  ^vere  to  assent  to  any  scheme  it  was 
important  that  matters  should  go  quickly. 

Mr.  Vincent  said  August  29th  was  purely  an  arbitrary  date. 
The  shareholders  would  be  notified  to  attend  an  extraordinary 
meeting,  and  if  a  scheme  was  carried  through  the  adjourned 
meeting  would  never  be  held. 

Mr.  Gregory  said  he  was  satisfied  with  that  explanation. 
He  would  like  to  know  if  it  was  intended  to  invite  the  share- 
holders to  confer  with  the  Board  before  a  scheme  was  finally 
drafted. 

Mr.  Vincent  said  it  was  intended  to  call  the  ten  largest 
shareholders  to  a  conference. 

Mr.  Anderson  said  that  in  a  public  room  in  Birmingham  he 
heard  it  stated  that  the  Company  had  no  lamps.  Such  a  state- 
ment was  calculated  to  prejudice  the  Company,  and  he  sug- 
gested that  in  issuing  the  scheme  the  Board  should  give  some 
information  about  the  lamp  and  its  present  position. 

Mr.  Gregory  said  there  was  no  justification  for  such  a 
statement. 

Mr.  Harrison  said  they  could  take  it  from  him  that  the 
Company  had  manufactured  lamps.  He  had  manufacturad 
many  thousands  of  them. 

The  motion  was  then  carried. 


Electrical  Apparatas  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  31st  December,  1912, 
states  that  the  profits  (after  providing  £502  for  depreciation 
and  £302  for  various  items  written  off)  amounted  to  £5,408  ;)/«»■ 
£132  brought  forward.  After  deducting  directors'  fees  £1,902, 
works  manager's  bonus  £32,  and  preference  dividend  for  the  year 
£285,  there  is  available  £3,322.  It  is  proposed  to  deal  with  this 
as  follows :  Dividend  of  8  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary 
shares,  £1,256;  reserve  account,  £1,000;  development  risk 
account,  £250 ;  appropriation  to  workmen's  bonus  account, 
£100;  writing  down  patents  account  to  the  nominal  amount  of 
Is.,  £348;  writing  off  the  balance  of  Milford  Works  account, 
appearing  in  balance  sheet  under  Nevv  Buildings,  £89 ;  writing 
off  the  balance  of  development  account,  £110;  leaving  to  be 
carried  forward,  £109.  The  rapid  expansion  of  the  Company's 
business  has  necessitated  an  extension  of  the  works  and  offices ; 
new  buildings  have  been  erected  this  year  at  a  cost  of  upwards 
of  £3,000,  giving  an  additional  floor  area  of  over  10,000  square 
feet.  To  provide  for  the  larger  volume  of  tratle  the  issued 
capital  was  increased  from  £13,550  to  £22,250,  and  the  Board 
was  augmented  by  the  election  of  Mr.  H.  R.  C.  Partridge,  who 
has  taken  over  the  works  management,  and  Mr.  H.  Taylor,  who 
retains  the  secretaryship.  The  sum  standing  to  the  credit  of 
reserve  account  on  31st  December,  1911,  with  the  further  sum 
set  aside  out  of  the  profits  to  that  date  amounted  to  £3,000. 
This  has  been  distributed  amongst  the  ordinary  shareholders 
by  the  issue  of  3,000  fully-paid  ordinary  shares,  being  equivalent 
to  a  dividend  of  37^  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  share  capital 
shown  in  the  last  balance  sheet.  The  turnover  of  the  Company 
shows  an  increase  of  nearly  60  per  cent  ,  and  the  net  profits 
66  per  cent,  over  the  previous  year's  trading.  This  satisfactory 
result  has  been  contributed  to  by  the  higher  prices  at  which 
the  Company's  products  have  been  sold  during  the  year  under 
review.  A  number  of  new  products  were  developed,  from 
which,  however,  the  Company  did  not  reap  ony  benefit  during 
the  year  covered  by  this  report,  but  it  is  anticipated  that  con- 
siderable improvement  will  result  therefrom  in  the  business  for 
the  curr'ent  year. 


Ciiwynnes,  Ltd. — The  directors  report  that  tlie  accounts 
for  the  year  to  January  3 1  st,  after  deducting  debenture  interest, 
Bhow  a  credit  balance  of  profit  and  loss  account  of  £237. 


Vol.72.    No.  l,8r,l,  Junk  <!,  19i:i.] 


THE    KLKCTUlCAfi    KIIVFIIW. 


961 


Kdisoii  ii^  Kwaii  I  nitcd  KIcctric  Li^lit  <o.,  Ltd. 

Tub  tliioctoia  liavo  iBSiicd  iiolicea  to  tho  4  per  cent,  first  dcbcri- 
tuio  BtocklKiUlci-H,  aii<l  tlio  flvo  per  cent,  gecond  tlobenturo 
linlili'is,  (.'iilliiiK  ovtrivDidiiiary  goiiural  niuetingB  of  such  stock- 
holders for  VVodiicaday,  Juikj  IHlli,  at  IVi.KO  and  2.!t0  o'clock 
respectively.     Tlie  circulars  read:-- 

"  Tho  ronsoii  for  asking  your  absent  to  tlicso  proposals  (see 
below)  is  to  provide  additional  working  capital  for  tlio  general 
(jurposes  of  tho  biisineaa.  Tho  progress  of  the  Company  is 
being  retarded  owing  to  insutTieiency  of  working  capital  caused 
mainly  by  the  heavy  outlays  which  it  has  been  ncccs«ary  to 
make  during  the  past  years  in  erecting  further  plant,  the  ex- 
penditure under  this  heading  since  lS)Or)  having  amounted  to 
upwards  of  X'00,()00.  Tho  projiosals  now  laid  before 'you,  which 
include  the  amalgamation  bf  both  cliisses  of  <lebenture  stock, 
have  been  submitted  to  several  of  tho  laigcst  debenture  stock- 
holders, and  the  scheme  has  met  with  their  approval.  You  will 
notice  that  tho  Resolutions  empower  the  <lirector8  to  ca,ll  up 
a  sum  not  exceeding  XT  per  share  of  tho  liability  now  existing 
upon  99,201  'A'  shares  of  tho  Company.  In  return  for  this 
the  directors  propose  to  hand  over  to  tho  trustees  for  the  stock- 
holders as  further  security  i'25,()()0  5  per  cent,  debentures  and 
n;t,31(J  shares  of  .£1  each  fully  paid,  held  by  the  Company  in 
the  Altrincham  Electric  Supply  Ltd.,  and  further  to  raise  the 
rate  of  interest  upon  tho  first  debenture  stock  by  \  per  cent., 
the  rate  of  interest  on  the  second  debenture  stock  being  corre- 
spondingly reduced.  (The  circular  to  the  second  debenture- 
holders  adds  at  this  point:  'but,  on  the  other  hand,  the  second 
debenture  stockholders  will  have  a  benefit  of  ranking  ;ja?i 
pa.isu  with  the  first  debenture  stockholders.')  In  addition,  one- 
third  of  the  profits  in  each  year  will  be  set  aside  for  redemption 
of  debenture  stock.  The  Altrincham  Co.  is  the  sole  supplier 
under  statutory  powers  of  electric  light  and  power  for  the  town 
of  Altrincham  and  surrounding  district,  about  eight  miles  from 
Manchester  ;  its  oioerations  are  very  successful,  as  will  be  seen 
from  the  profits  made  during  the  last  three  years,  which  are 
as  follows :— 1910,  XI, 586;  1911,  X4,74-l ;  1912,  X5,750.  For  the 
current  year  it  is  anticipated  that  they  will  amount  to  not  less 
than  X7,250." 

The  following  is  part  of  the  resolution  that  will  be  submitted 
authorising  and  agreeing  to  the  arrangement  between  the  Com- 
pany and  liolders  of  the  said  stocks  : — 

1.  The  £313,87'2  Fovir  per  cent.  First  Debenture  Stock  of  the  Company 
constituted  and  secured  l^y  Trust  Deeds  dated  the  12th  January  1897  and  the  22nd 
Novemlier  1898  respsctively,  and  now  outstanding,  and  the  £135,602  Five  per  cent. 
Second  Debenture  Stoclc  of  tho  Conipnny  constituted  and  secured  by  trust  deeds 
dated  til"  19th  June  1900  and  the  25th  November  1909  respectively,  and  now 
outstanding,  to  be  consolidated  into  one  stock  bearing  interest  as  from  the  1st  day  of 
•Tuly  1913  at  4§  per  cent,  per  annum,  and  so  that  tho  securities  respectively  constituted 
by  the  said  Trust  Deeds  shall  benceforih  be  held  by  the  Trustees  for  the  holders  of 
the  said  Consolidated  Stock  for  the  benefit  of  all  such  holders  pari  poisii  iu 
proportion  to  the  amount  of  the  Consolidated  Stock  held  by  them  respectively. 

2.  By  way  of  further  security  for  the  payment  of  the  principal  moneys,  interest 
and  other  moneys  to  become  payable  in  respect  of  the  said  Consolidated  Stock  the 
Compan  v' to  charge  by  way  of  specific  security  in  favour  of  the  Trustees  for  the 
holders  of  such  stock,  £25,000  of  Debentures  and  33,346  Shares  of  £1  each  fully  paid 
of  and  in  the  Altrincham  Electric  Supply  Limited,  but  so  that  such  Trustees  may  in 
their  discretion  permit  such  a  number  of  the  said  Shares  as  shall  be  necessary  to 
qualify  the  representives  of  the  Company  upon  the  Board  of  the  Altrincbam  Electric 
Supply  Limited  to  remain  registered  in  the  names  of  such  representatives  for  the 
time  behig. 

3.  The  Company  to  covenant  with  the  Trustees  for  the  holders  of  the  said 
Consolidated  Stock  that  in  evfry  year,  commencing  from  the  1st  day  of  July  1913, 
the  Company  will  apply  onc-thlr(l  of  the  profits  of  the  Company  available  for  the 
payment  of  dividends  upon  the  shares  of  the  Company  in  the  redemption  of  the  said 
Cousolidated  Stoctk  either  by  purchase  in  the  market  or  otherwise  at  or  under  par  or 
by  drawings  at  par. 

4.  Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  the  said  Trust  Deeds  and  the  charges 
thereby  respectively  constituted  the  Company  to  be  at  liberty  from  time  to  time  to 
call  up  the  capital  for  the  time  being  uncalled  ujion  the  shares  of  the  Company  for  the 
time  being  issued  to  an  extent  not  exceeding  in  the  aggregate  £1  per  share,  and  to 
apply  the  moneys  so  called  up  for  the  general  purposes  of  the  Company's  business. 

In  the  course  of  a  circular  addressed  to  the  "  A  "  shareholders, 
the  directors  say  that  they  regret  the  necessity  for  making  a  call, 
but  feel  that  if  the  business  of  the  company  is  to  be  successfully 
carried  on,  it  is  absolutely  essential  that  further  working  capital 
be  provided,  and  in  their  opinion  this  should  have  the  effect  of 
considerably  augmenting  the  future  profits.  The  call  will 
become  payable  by  intalments  not  exceeding  5s.  each,  at  inter- 
vals of  not  less  three  months. 


Stock  Exchangee  IVotices. — Applications  have  been 
made  to  th<^  Committee  to  appoint  a  special  settling'  day  in  and  to 
grant  a  quotation  to  :  — 

Mississippi  River  Power  Co. — Scrip,  fully  paid,  for  a  farther  issue  of 
$3,000,000  first  mortgage  5  per  cent.  40-year  gold  bonds. 

And  to  allow  the  following'  securities  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official 
List  :  — 

Consolidated  Gas,  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.  of  Baltimore. — Further 
Issue  of  $404,000  general  mortgage  4^  per  cent.  SOyear  gold  bonds  of  $1,000 
each  (Nos.  9,362  to  9,705). 

Madras  Electric  Tramways  (1904),  Ltd.— 20,000  0  per  cent,  cumulative  pre- 
ference shares  of  £5  each,  fully  paid  (Nos.  1  to  15,000  and  30,001  to  35,000) 
(renewed  special  application). 

National  Telewriter  Co.,  Ltd. — 1C6,989  preferred  ordinary  shares  of  £1  each, 
fully  paid  (special  application). 

Underground  Electric  Railways  Co.  of  London,  Ltd. — Further  issue  of 
21,000  shares  of  £10  each,  fully  paid  (Noa.  7,201  to  8,2C0  and  26,793  to  46,792). 

Consolidated  Gas,   Electric  Lio:ht  and  Power  Co. 

of  Baltimore. —The  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  of  li  per 
cent,  on  the  common  stock  for  the  quarter  ending  June  30tb,  being 
6  per  cent,  per  annum. 

Mackay  Companies. — The  (iirectors  have  cJeclared  the 
regular  quarterly  dividend  of  1  \  per  cent,  on  the  common  shares. 


New  General  Traction  Co,,  Ltd. 

TilK  oevcntcenth  annual  general  meeting  wah  held  on  Monday,  at 
tho  olIlcftH,  H,  CrOHby  Hquaro,  UiHhoiwgato,  K.<',,  Uaron  Ernlle  li. 
d'Erlanger  presiding. 

Tho  CiiAiKMAN,  in  moving  th«  a<loption  of  the  report  (tea 
rOLKCrKlOAi.  Kkvikw,  page  Wi>i),  said  it  would  be  noticed  that  tho 
aouoants  covered  a  period  of  eight  itionthH  only,  the  pruvioUH 
bulancc-Hhcot  covt^ring  a  period  of  lii  monthn.  In  future  the 
accounts  would  alwayw  be  made  up  to  March  3 1  it.  The  balance- 
sheet  was  now  u  wary  simple  affair,  duo  to  the  fa<:t  that  they  ba<l 
in  the  course  of  the  year  paid  olf  all  the  prior  lien  debcntares  and 
the  floating  debt  owed  by  the  company,  and  they  had  redeemed 
*4  1,700  of  the  .">  per  cent,  mortgage  detxintures,  leaving  iil.'>'<,3oO 
still  outftanding.  Those  debentures  were  now  covered  over  and 
over  again  both  as  regarded  capital  value  and  earningi*.  Kince  they 
had  now  entirely  sold  the  Coventry  tramways  they  had  only  the 
following  three  sources  from  which  they  could  hope  lor  profit— 
the  American  undertaking  from  which  they  got  a  fixed  and 
guaranteed  income  ;  the  profits  from  the  Douglas  Tramway  ('o.. 
which  was  a  small  concern,  whose  net  earnings  fluctuated  with  the 
weather  conJitions  prevailing  during  the  holiday  season;  and 
the  large  interest  they  still  retained  in  the  Norwich  Tramways. 
It  was  from  the  latter  source  that  they  could  hope  to  improve  the 
situation  either  by  increasing  their  profits  or  by  diminishing  their 
expenditure.  As  to  increasing  the  traffics,  they  were  in  the  hands 
of  the  public— all  they  could  do  was  to  give  as  good  a  service  aa 
possible.  They  were,  however,  in  hopes  of  decreasing  the  expendi- 
ture by  improving  the  generating  station.  By  a  capital  expendi- 
ture of  between  t:i,000  and  £  1,000  they  hoped  to  be  able  to  make  a 
reduction  of  some  £1,500  or  ^2,000  in  the  annual  expenditure. 

Mit.  R.  J.  West  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted. 


Provincial   Cinematograph   Theatres,   Ltd.— Xotice 

of  interim  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  has  been  declared,  payable  on  the 
ordinary  shares  to  shareholders  whose  names  appear  on  the  registers 
from  May  26th. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tuesday  Evening, 

To  deal  at  all  adequately  with  the  markets  this  week  a  thorough- 
going bear  would  be  required.  The  ordinary  man.  seeing  the 
prices  dwindle  of  securities  in  which  he  has  placed  his  faith  and 
his  money,  makes  a  poor  stick  to  deal  with  the  dismal  catalogues 
of  losses  shown  by  all  the  markets  of  the  Stock  Exchange  during 
the  past  few  days.  Everybody  clamours  for  a  reason  that  shall 
explain  the  fall,  but  the  real  cause  is  too  humdrum  to  satisfy  most 
people.  It  is  too  simple  a  thing  for  the  average  men  to  hear  that 
the  stream  of  new  issues  is  responsible  for  the  greater  part  of  the 
slump.  He  demands  an  explanation  of  more  exciting  character, 
and,  to  satisfy  his  appetite,  all  sorts  of  rumours  are  being  circulated 
with  reference  to  this,  that,  and  the  other  house  being  in  financial 
straits.  Naturally,  a  prolonged  and  a  heavy  fall  must  have  dis- 
quieting effects  upon  the  position  of  houses  speculatively  inclined, 
but  quite  a  lot  of  the  reports  are  manufactured  simply  in  order  to 
meet  the  demand  for  them. 

Money  isin  eager  demand  all  over  the  world.  London,  Canada,  South 
Africa,  Australia,  China,  Mexico,  and  the  South  American  Republics 
are  amongst  clamant  competitors  for  fresh  capital.  The  ordinary 
man  might  well  suppose  that  underwriters  could  put  the  brake  on 
new  issues  if  they  wished  to  do  so  ;  and  it  is  a  matter  of  astonish- 
ment to  many  people  that  they  do  not  consider  it  good  policy  to 
set  some  bounds  to  the  issues  which  they  are  prepared  to  under- 
write, knowing  full  well  that  the  success  of  them  with  the  public 
is  a  dubious  matter. 

Coming  to  our  own  particular  departments,  most  of  them  show 
losses  more  or  less  substantial  in  amount.  There  has  been,  and 
is  still,  a  good  deal  of  pressure  to  sell  on  the  part  of  people  who 
must  have  money  to  meet  calls  from  other  directions.  This  week 
and  last,  investment  stocks  have  been  coming  out  in  noticeable 
quantities  ;  and  in  the  House  it  is  becoming  more  and  more  difficult 
to  sell  what  is  commonly  described  as  rubbish. 

The  Home  Railway  industry  is  threatened  with  another  strike,  an 
extension  of  the  trouble  which  originated  in  the  shipping  yards. 
Much  bellicose  talk  characterised  the  week-end  meetings  of  the 
men,  but,  even  without  this,  stocks  would  probably  have  gone 
back.  Metropolitans  are  2}  down,  Districts  lost  3,  Central  London 
Deferred  2  and  the  Ordinary  stock  1.  The  slump  spread  to  Under- 
ground Electric  Railways  issuep,  where  the  £10  shares  in  particular 
were  acutely  depressed,  drooping  10s.  to  3i.  The  income  bonds  fell 
to  88i,  while  the  other  issues  also  declined.  British  Electric 
Tractions  have  quieted  down,  though  the  (i  per  cent.  Preferred  and 
the  Deferred  are  *  up  at  Hi  and  6i  respectively.  South  Metro- 
politan Tramways  fell  bark  to  iJ,  partly  on  a  fall  in  London 
Suburban  Traction  shares,  these  being  depressed  by  statements  that 
a  new  issue  is  in  contemplation. 

Something  akin  to  slump  has  befallen  the  Latin-Canadian  group. 
All  kinds  of  inferences  are  drawn  from  the  violence  of  the  drop, 
but  none  are  in  any  way  reliable.  Brazilian  Tractions  have  lost 
4i  points,  Mexico  Trams  3,  British  Columbia  Railway  issues  k  to 
2  points,  Montreal  Light  and  Power  ('>i,  and  so  on.  The  various 
companies'  bonds  and  Debenture  stocks  have  given  way  to  a  lesser 
degree,  the  principal  decline  is  2  points  in  Mexico  Tramway  Sixes 


952 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW. 


[VoL  72.    No.  1,854,  June  6,  1913. 


In  one  or  two  cases  the  sales  appear  to  hav6  come  from  stale 
"  bulls"  closing  their  accounts  ;  in  others,  they  are  evidently  due 
to  pressing  need  for  money,  a  need  the  satisfaction  of  which  has 
led  to  more  or  less  steep  falls  in  many  purely  investment  secnrities. 

Calcutta  Trams,  and  Anfflo- Argentine  First  Preference,  are 
amongst  the  few  shares  which  have  risen  superior  to  the  general 
tendency  of  depression.  In  both  cases  small  advances  have 
occurred. 

English  Electricity  Supply  descriptions  are,  in  the  words  of  a 
dealer  in  that  market,  stupid  to  dull,  the  last-named  being  the 
Stock  Exchange  way  of  describirg  slight  depression.  This  is  most 
noticeable  in  Charing  Cross  and  City  shares,  the  Ordinary  and  the 
City  undertaking  Preference  showing  losses  of  58.  Counties  are 
also  down.  Other  prices  are  not  qnotably  altered  to  any  extent 
worth  noticing.  Metropolitan  4}  per  cent.  Debenture  stock  is 
again  harder.  Regret  is  felt  at  the  way  in  which  the  cohesion 
of  the  Publicity  Committee  seems  to  be  in  peril,  eppecially  con- 
sidering the  vast  amount  of  time,  work  and  thought  spent  upon 
it  in  recent  years,  and  those  who  follow  the  matter  have  been 
overheard  to  hope  that  the  threatened  schism  may  be  averted  even 
at  this  eleventh  hour. 

The  scheme  for  reconstituting  the  finances  of  the  Edison  &.  Swan 
Company  is  an  elaborate  and  rather  an  involved  affair.  One  of  its 
first  consequences  was  to  raise  the  protest  that  the  proposals 
formed  an  attempt  to  tamper  with  the  security  of  the  proprietors  of 
the  First  Debenture  stock.  Following  this  there  came  other 
objections,  to  meet  some,  if  not  all  of  which,  another  circular  is  to 
be  issued  by  the  board.  On  the  first  one,  some  of  the  shareholders 
took  what  was  not  unnatural  alarm,  and  tried  to  give  away  their 
partly-paid  shares  for  nothing,  in  order  to  escape  the  liability.  It 
may  be  doubted,  however,  whether  many  shares  changed  hands  on 
this  basis.     The  Second  Debenture  stock  has  lost  several  points. 

It  is  refreshing  in  these  drab  markets  to  be  able  to  write  of 
cheerfulness  and  better  prices  in  the  British  Westinghouse  trio. 
The  shares  are  -^  higher  ;  the  4  per  cent.  Debenture  stock  has  put 
on  2  points,  and  the  prior  lien  J.  British  Aluminium  Ordinary 
have  hardened.  Sympathy  with  the  Telegraph  market  brought 
down  Telegraph  Constructions  lOs.  Castner-Kellners  are  i  lower, 
the  shares  being  quoted  ^./-rights.  Rubber  shares  rallied  a  little 
after  being  uncomfortably  flat,  but  the  results  of  this  week's 
auctions  are  rather  disappointing. 

Telegraph  descriptions  reflect  the  weakness  of  other  investment 
markets.  Eastern  Ordinary  is  marked  down  3,  and  Eastern 
Extensions  are  lOs.  lower,  for  both  of  which  the  dividend 
deductions  account.  Western  Telegraphs  lost  their  recent  im- 
provement. Anglo-Americans  continue  to  fall  away ;  West  India 
and  Panama  First  Preference  are  back  to  9}.  Cuba  Preference, 
however,  rose  Ss.,  and  Direct  United  States  have  improved.  United 
River  Plate  Telephones  fell  back  J. 

Marconis,  which  were  8f  §  when  we  last  wrote,  have  been  down 
to  3  since  then,  from  which  a  rally  on  bear-covering  lifted  the 
price  to  3-,^.  Americans  dropped  to  12s.  6d.,  Canadians  to  half- 
sovereign  before  support  came  to  brace  them  up  to  Hs.  and  Us. 
respectively.  In  National  Telephone  Deferred  stock  there  ha^'  been 
little  going  on,  the  price  remaining  about  2oi. 


ELECTRIC    TRAMWAY    AND    RAILWAY 
TRAFFIC    RETURNS. 


Month 

Receipts  for       No. 

Route 

Locality. 

ended 

the                of 

Total  to  date. 

miles 

(4  wks.) 

month.          wks. 

1 

open. 

£ 

*• 

£ 

£' 

1 

Bath 

May  28 

4,302 

-    721      22 

17,r92 

-     492  '. . 

Blackpool-PleetWd 

„    81 

8,725 

f    327      SI 

10,115 

+      6i7       8 

Bristol 

„    EO 

33,f>70 

.  8,7i'8       . . 

155,634 

'  15,370     80-5 

:Brit.Elec.Trac.Co. 

„    28 

104,378 

1  12,87(-     21 

483,761 

+  34,f!51 

Chatham  and  Dist. 

„    22 

8,695 

f    399      20 

16,875 

4-      660    14-98 

Cork 

„    29 

2,029 

-      78      21 

9,S26 

—      230    S.89 

Dublin 

,.    80 

24,710 

-518       .. 

121,788 

+      124    ,';4-25 

Hastiuga 

..    29 

4,222 

|.     548 

+      99)     19-8 

Lancashire  United 

,.    28 

6,476 

H    C82 

21 

30,295 

+  2,^84     39 

LlandudnoCol.Bay 

„    80 

l,f,08 

f    8M 

26 

6,460 

+      708      6'5 

London  United 

.,    23 

1.7,771 

f  1,885 

118,2K1 

-  1,750      . . 

Tyncside 

,.    28 

2,'06 

-       8 

22 

10,314 

<■      416     11 

Anglo-Argentine    . . 

,.    27 

■227,031 

(.  20,811 

1,175,^86 

+  92,667  '  . , 

Auckland 

.,      9 

21,6«2 

+  2,8J8 

44 

220,97j) 

i  80,166  .24-11 

•8 

Bombay  (B.E.T.)  . . 

..      8 

13,  (6 

h     710 

18 

56,-09 

*■  ?'"S2  i  •  - 

Brisbane 

April 

i<6,890 

t  4,710 

17 

9^*30 

1 86,196  '  . . 

Brit.  Columbia  Rly. 

Calcutta 

June   2 

16,225 

+  1,098 

•  ■ 

Cape  Electric  T.  Ld. 

.. 

.. 

1  . . 

Kalgoorlie,  W.A.  .. 

AprU 

8,078 

18 

11,318 

1  iW-6 

Lisbon 

.. 

j      .  . 

(Madras 

May  31 

1,889 

«.    162 

17,8  4 

f  1,2-29    16-25 

1 

Montevideo 

May 

29,816 

t  3,176 

80 

2i9,607 

+ 17,  .76      . . 

Cen.  London  Rly. 

May  31 

'  18,722 

H,619 

22 

114,238 

11,949     6-78 

-4 

City  4  B.  Lon.  Rly. 

,.    81 

10,165 

-i,';oo 

22 

68,993 

—  6,848     7-26 

DubUn-Luran  Kly. 

„    30 

607 

-      97 

22 

2,'i70 

-       67  1     7 

O.N.  and  City  Rly. 

„    24 

5,!I54 

-    817 

21 

30,740 

-  4,0«6  1   8-6 

L'pool  Ovcrh'd  Rly. 

„    S.5 

7,032 

f    6UB 

,    33,886 

4-  2,241  !   60 

London  Elec.  Ry.  Co 

„    81 

5?,6S5 

-    S05 

22 

315,400 

+   8,9-'6    21-25 

Mersey  Railway    . . 

,.    31 

P.BOfl 

.     5V6 

23 

49,423 

+  8,200      4-6 

Metropolitan  Rly. 

..    26 

68,8;  6 

f  1,200 

21 

.344,948 

♦   4,8i4    26-76 

Met.  District  Rly. 

1       ,.81 

61,669 

.+    627 

•a 

2tS,l61 

■t- 12,109     26 

*  Compared  with  the  corresponding  period  of  1912. 

t  Two  weeks  only. 

(  lacludes  horse,  steam  and  other  receipts. 


MARKET     QUOTATIONS. 

It  should  be  remembered,  in  making  use  of  the  fignres  appeaiin? 
in  the  following  list,  that  in  some  cases  the  prices  are  only  general, 
and  may  vary  according  to  quantities  and  other  circumstances. 


Wednesday,  Jiine  4th. 


CHEMICALS.  Ac. 


I  Add,  Uydrooblotlo         ..        ..  per  owt. 

I     „     Nitric 

■  „     Oxalic  per  lb. 

I     „      Sulphario percwt. 

I  Ammoniac  Sal        „ 

r  Ammonia,  Muriate  (large  crystal)  [er  ton 

r  Bleaching  powder „ 

I  Bisulphide  of  Carbon      . .        . .         „ 

I  Borax „ 

t  Copper  Sulphate „ 

r  Lead,  Nitrate         „ 

I       „      White  Sugar  . .        . .  „ 

[       „      Peroxide „ 

(  Methylated  Spirit per  gal. 

r  Potassium,  Bichromate,  in  ca  jks  per  lb. 

r  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %)  . .  per  ton 

I        „       Chlorate per  lb, 

I        „       Perchlorate         . .         . .         „ 
I  Potassium,  Cyanide  (98/100%)..         „ 

(for  mining  purposes  only) 

I  Shellac  percwt, 

■  Sulphate  of  Magnesia      . .        , .  per  ton 
I  Sulphur,  SubUmed  Flowers      . .  „ 

I        „         Recovered         . .        . .  „ 

I        „         Lump „ 

I  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/72  %)   . .  „ 

■  „     Chlorate        per  lb. 

I      „     Crystals         per  ton 

I  Sodium  Bichromate,  casks       . ,  per  lb. 


METALS,  <tc, 

b  Aluminium  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  . ,  per  ton 
b           „           Wire,  in   ton  lots  ) 
(1  to  14  8.W.G.)  )■ 

b           „           Sheet,  in  ton  lots   . .  „ 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots     . .        . .  „ 

c  Brass  (rolled  metal  2*  to  12*  basis)  per  lb, 

c      „     Tube  (brazed)         . .        . .  „ 

c      „         ,,     (solid  drawn)           , .  „ 

c      „     Wire,  basis „ 

c  Copper  Tubes  (brazed)     . .        . .  „ 

c        „           „      (solid  drawn)       . .  „ 

t       H      Bars  (best  selected)      ..  per  ton 

g       „       Sheet          „ 

g       „       Rod „ 

d       „      (Electrolytic)  Bars        . .  „ 

d       „                 „           Sheets     ..  „ 

(f       I,                 H           Rods        . .  „ 

d       „                 „           B.C.  Wire  per  lb. 

/Ebonite  Rod  

/       „         Sheet         , 

B  German  Silver  Wire        . .        . .  „ 

A  Outta-percha,  fine „ 

b  India-rubber,  Para  fine  . .        . .  „ 

/  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . .  pN:  ton 

/     „    Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual,  „ 

g  Lead,  English  Pig „ 

m  Manganin  Wire  No.  28  ..        ..  per  lb. 

g  Mercury         per  bot, 

e  Mica  (in  original  cases)  small  . .  per  lb, 

e     „               „           „      medium  „ 

e     ,.               „           ,.      large   ..  „ 

o  Nickel,  sheet,  wire,  &c ,, 

p  Phosphor  Bronze,  plain  castings  „ 

p         „            „    rolled  bars  &  rods  „ 

p         „           „  rolled  strip  &  sheet  „ 

o  Platinum       per  oz, 

d  Silicium  Bronze  Wire      . .        . .  per  lb. 

r  Steel,  Magnet,  in  bars      . .        . ,  per  too 

^  Tin,  Block  (English)        

n    „     Wire,  Nos.  1  to  16    . .        . .  per  lb. 

p  White  Anti-friction  Metals       . .  per  ton 

k  Zino,  Bb'l  (Vleille  Montagne  bnd.)  h 


Latest 

Fortnight's 

Price. 

Inc.  or  Deo 

6/- 

22/. 

2]d. 

6/6 

42/. 

£-29  10 

£6  6 

£18 

£17  10 

£23  6 

£27 

£25  6 

£32 

2/6 

Bid. 

£22  10 

Bid. 

4|d. 

7id. 

82/6 

£4  10 

^^ 

£610 

£5  10 

£6 

£10  6 

88d. 

,. 

£8  6 

,, 

Bd. 

•• 

£95 

£112 

£126 

£60  to  £221 

8Jd. 

lOd. 

Sd.dec. 

Hid. 

k<i.  dec. 
id. dec. 

7|Sd. 

lUd. 

|d.  dec. 

lojd. 

Jd.  dec. 

£85 

£86 

£85 

£',-i  10 

£15  dec. 

£89  10 

£15  dec. 

£77  10 

£1  5  dec. 

9id. 

id.  dec. 

4/6 

4/- 

I/IO 

,, 

7/-  to  8/- 

3/8J 

lid.  dec. 

.58/8 

9/C  dej;. 

£14 

£20  to  £20  5 

£1  inc. 

6/6 

£7  10 

6d.  to8a. 

8/6  to  6/. 

7/6  to  11/- 

3/6  to  4/6  nom. 

1/1  to  1/84 
l/OJ  to  l/S 

l/2i  to  1/5 J 

186/- 

lOJd. 

Jd.  dec. 

£66 

£213  to  £215 

£11  dec. 

2,8 

Id.  dec. 

£50  to  £J28 

£•27  58. 

£1 16s.  .l.r 

Qaotatlcni  supplied  by— 


m  Q.  Boor  &  Co. 

b  Tht  Br  ilsb  Aluminium  Co.,  Ltd, 
c  Thos.  tjolton  &  Sone,  Ltd, 
d  Frederick  Smith  &  Oo. 
e  F,  Wiggins  &  Sons, 
/India-Rubber,   Gutta-Percha    and 
Telegraph  Works  Co.,  LtA. 

f  James  A  Shakspeare. 
Edward  Till  A  Oo, 


/  Boiling  &  Lowe, 

k  Morris  Ashby,  Ltd. 

/  Richard  Johnson  A  Nephew,  Ltd, 

m  W,  T.  Qlovor  4  Co.,  Ltd. 

a  P.  Ormiglon  A  Bone 

o  Johnson,  Matthey  A  Oo.,  Ltd' 

» 

rW.  F,  Dennla&Oo. 


Prospectus. — Sir  W.  6.  Armstrong,  Whitworih  &  Co., 
Ltd. — This  company  has  been  making  an  issue  at  par  of  £1,000,000 
5  per  cent,  non-cumulative  second  preference  shares  of  £  1  each. 

Williiim  Beardmure  ,\-  Co.,  Ltd. — The  list  closes  to-day  in  an 
issue  of  1,000,000  6  per  cent.  cum.  pref.  shares  of  £1  each,  at  par, 
for  paying  off  £^06,400  outstanding  second  mortgage  debenturvc, 
and  for  general  purposes.  . 

Dooltoii  &  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors'  report  for  1^12  ■ 
states  that  after  providing  £14,000  for  debenture  interest,  and 
£711  for  depreciation  of  investments,  writing  .<G00  off  goodwill 
and  deducting  the  debit  balance  of  £9,782  brought  forward,  there 
is  a  credit  balance  of  revenue  account  of  £13,812,  which  it  is  pro- 
posed to  carry  forward. 

Mirrlees,    Bickerton   A;    Day,    Ltd.— At  the  annual 

general  meeting,  held  in   the  Chartered    Accountants'  Hall.  Man- 
chester, on  Tuesday  last,  the  directors  recommended  the  payment 
of  a  dividend  of  "i  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares  and  6J  PV^ 
cent,  on  the  preference  (hares,  which  was  approved. 


M 


Vol.  72.    No.  1.8VJ,  Junk  fl.  191H.1  THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW. 


W6 


SHARE     LIST     OF     BLXOTRIOAL     COMPAMIX8 


EN6LI8H    ELECTBICITT   8UPPLT   AMD  POWER  C0MFAS1XM, 


Boornemonth  ft  Pools,  Ordi    .. 

Do.    14%  Prof 

Do,     Bocond  6  %  Prel, 

Do.    4i  %  Dob.  Btook.. 
Brompton  a  Kennlngton,  Ord... 

Do.    7  %  Cum.  Pref 

Oenlrkl  Bleotrlo  Sopplj,  i  %\ 

Baar.  Deb.  I 

ObsrlDg  OroBs,  West  Bnd  A  Oil; 

Do,    «%Onm.  Pref 

Do,     "^raty     DnderUUng"! 
H  %  Oom.  Pref.  / 

Do.         Do.  «%Deb 

Cbelaea,  Ord 

Do.    M%Deb 

Olty  of  IJoodon,  Ord 

Do.    e%Onm,  Pref 

Do.    S%Deb 

Do.    4i  %  Second  Deb. 
OooDty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do,     4{  %  Second  Deb. 
BdmandBon'a,  Ord.  ..        .. 

Do.    6%0nm.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Non-Cam.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    4i%Flrst  Mori.  Deb.  .. 
Folkestone 

Do.    6%  Oom.  Pref 

Do.    li%FlrglDeb 

Hots 


10 

10 

10 

Slock 


100 

B 

Slock 

10 

10 

Stock 

100 


Slock 

Slock 

£8 

6 

6 

100 

C 

e 

100 
6 


DWidends 

for 

1011. 

iBia. 

SJ 

« 

4i 

A 

A 

*i 

«* 

10 

10 

T 

1 

i 

« 

S 

Bt 

4 

** 

4 

H 

4 

4 

6 

4) 

«* 

*fl 

H 

» 

A 

B 

S 

A 

a 

** 

A 

A 

0 

6 

1 

n 

Nil 

8 

ti 

H 

A 

6 

A 

A 

s* 

9I 

Oloiinf 
Qnolalloni 

.hini^  Urd. 


^1 
10  —  10{ 


4r-  81 
94  —  97  xd 

8i-    4 

»U-  984 
45-     Ei 

96-99 

154-  17 

12  -  18 
116  —120 
100  —109 

m-  m 
114-  12 

104  -106 
98  —101 

i-    a 

m-  a^ 
eS  —  E6 


J|= 


90  —  92 
7i-    7! 


Rlie 

Praient 

+  or 

Yield 

Fkll 

P.O. 

— 

M  1.  d. 

,, 

6  18    6 

,, 

«  14    9 

S  14    8 

4  U  10 

SOS 

4    0    0 

4    2    6 

-J 

fi  11     1 
4  16    0 

-i 

A  12    6 

4    6    7 
4  ir>    8 
4  10  11 
6    5  11 
4  10    7 
4    8    4 
4    8    8 

-  k 

E  10    4 

-  i 

6    0    0 
4    6    0 
4    9    1 

-A 

NU 

5  *.4    8 

6  0    0 
6    0    0 
4  17  10 
6  16    2 

KanilnKlOD  ft  Knlghlibrldge,  Ord 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Kent  Bleo.  Power,  44  %  Deb,  .. 
London  Kloolrto,  Ord 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    4  %  FInl  Mori.  Deb.    .. 
Melropolltan         

Do.    44  %  Oom.  Pref 

Do,    44  %  First  Mon,  Deb.  .. 

Do.    84%Mort.  Deb 

Midland    Elooirlc  Corporation  I 

44  %  P'lrBt  Mori.  Deb.  I 

North  Melropoliian  Poner  Sap- ) 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.)/ 

Netting    Hill,    6  %  Non-Cam.) 

Pref./ 

Oxford  ..        .... 

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Sonlh  London,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  First  Mon.  Deb,    .. 
SoDtb  Metropolitan,  7  %  Pref... 

Do.    44  %  First  Deb.  Slock  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6%0nm.  Pref 

Do.    44  %  First  Mon,  Deb, . . 
Weatmlnster,  Ord, 

Do.    44%ODm.  Pref 


Blook 

DtTldends 

Bhare. 

for 

1911. 

ina. 

B 

at 

Blook 

4 

4 

Blook 

^ 

44 

24 

A 

« 

Blook 

4 

4 

4 

4( 

4 

44 

Block 

4 

3 

Stock 

B         Bi 

100 

*i\   H 

100 

6 

E 

10 

6 

6 

6 

7J 

6i 

B 

10 

10) 

E 

7 

7 

100 

84 

84 

4 

s 

6 

100 

B 

B 

1 

t 

7 

100 

N^ 

i4 

£8 

B 

2 

t 

100 

«4 

H 

E 

10 

w 

E 

4 

«4 

Oloilnfl 
Qootalions 

J  lino  :ird. 


Ik-    71 

go  -98 
78  —  80 

45-    A* 
91  —  94 

99  —102 

81  —  84 
101-104 

98  —101 

9J—  10] 

el-  7| 

84  —  87 

9t*4-1014 

96  —  9i> 

zfH    3xd 
8»  —  87 


>  or  I   TUU 
Fall  I     P.O. 


4    B    1 


I  E    A 

f  4  14  9 

4    8  8 

4    8  4 

4    6  7 


COLONIAL  AND  FOREIGN  ELECTRICITY  SUPPLY  AND  POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Piel 

Oalontta,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Oalgary  Power,  Ist  Mori,  BdB, 
Canadian  Sen,  HI.  Oom. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Oordoba  Lt.,  Power  and  T.,  Ord, 

Do.    B%Deb 

Bleo.  Lt.  and  P.  of  Cootaabamba, ) 

1  %  Bonds  f 

Blec.  Supply  Viotoria,  6  %  1st  j 

Uort.  Deb. ) 

Bleo.  Dot.  Ontario,  6   %    1st) 

Mort.  Bonds  j 

Kalgoorlie  Bleo,  P.  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

EaministlqalaPower,E%  O.  Bg. 

Madras,  Ord 

Melboarne,  B  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  Bl.  Lt^  6  %  let  M.  Bds, 
Uexioan  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do.    7%  Cum.  Prel 

Do.    B  %  1st  Mori.  Qold  Bds, 


A 

fi 

A 

6 

84 

84 

B 

E 

A 

100 

E 

5 

$100 

7 

7 

$100 

7 

7 

1 

8 

100 

5 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

B 

E 

»600 

S 

E 

10/. 

Nil 

1 

« 

6 

9600 

E 

6 

B 

Nil 

100 

6 

B 

E 

E 

9100 

4 

4) 

$100 

7 

7 

• 

6 

E  —    6} 

934-  954 

116  -118 
119  —124 

9^*196* 

95  —  97 

90  —  93 

934-  954 

|-  r'a 
100  —102 
If—  IJ 
108  —106 
80  -  83 
72  -  75 
98  —102 
90-92 


E  14    8 

+  h 

6  17    3 

+  » 

4  15    3 

B    6    8 

— 1 

5  18    8 

6  13    0 

5  14    8 

£42 

-1 

6    3    9 

6    7    6 

-i 

6    4    9 

Nil 

-■?n 

10  13    4 

4  18    0 

" 

4  14    4 

6  19    1 

— 1 

6    6    8 

6  17    8 

6    8    8 

Monterey  Bly.  Light  ft  Power,  I 

6  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H,  and  Power  .. 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal, ) 

6  %  Ist  Mort.  Bonds  f 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref,     .. 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Roy,  Blec.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  I 

1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Bhawlnigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    5  %  Con.  1st  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44%  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb 

~        ~        "  I.,  P,  and  T.,  6  % ) 

1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 


Vera  Onu  Lt.,  P,  and  T.,  6  < 


Viotoria  Falls  Power,  Pref, 

West  Eootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 

IstMort.  6%aold/ 


100 

B 

B 

$100 

8 

Bt 

$600 

6 

6a 

Stock 

10 

in 

Do. 

6 

6 

Do. 

B 

6 

100 

t4 

a 

$100 

B 

5 

$500 

B 

5 

Stock 
Do. 

n 

n 

100 

6 

E 

1 

llld. 

17id. 

100 

6 

6 

80-  tS 

220  —230 

15  —  26 

207  —217 
102  —107 
100  —102 

100  —102 

133  —137 
107  —109 
974-1004 
99  —101 
92  —  86 
il-  H 
106—108 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amaion  Telegraph         ..        .. 

Do.    B%  Deb,  Red 

American  Telep.  ft  Teleg.,  Cap, 

Do.    OoUat,  Trust 
Anglo-Amerloan  Telegraph 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  •  Portnguese   Tel.,  E  %  \ 
Mort.  Deb.  I 

Ohlll  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Btlg.  4%  Deb, 
Oaba  Telegraph 

Do.     10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.     10  %  Cum.  Pref 

Dlreol  United  States  Cable 
Dlreol  W,  India  Cable,  44  %1 
Reg,  Deb.  / 
Baatem  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do.    84  %  Pref.  Stock. . 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Bastem  Extension  ..        .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  S.   Africa  Tel.  4  % ) 
Ml.  Db,  Mauritias  Bub.  J 
61obe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Brest  Northern  Telegraph       .. 
Indo-Boiopean  Telegraph 
Maokay  Companies  Common  . . 

Do.    4%  Cum.  Pref 

Uaroonl's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do,    7.%  Cum,  Partio,  Prel. 


10 

4 

44t 

stock 

6 

E 

$100 

B 

8t 

SIOOO 

4 

4 

stock 

8 

H 

Do. 

6 

A 

Do. 

80/. 

80/- 

100 

E 

B 

B 

7 

8 

Slock 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

4t 

E 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

100 

4 

4i 

Stock 

7 

7t 

Do. 

84 

84 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7 

Stock 

4 

4 

IB 

« 

4 

10 

6 

6+ 

10 

A 

6 

10 

18 

20 

SE 

18 

1.1 

100 

E 

A 

$100 

4 

4 

1 

20 

1 

17 

62-    71 

6    2    0 

97-99 

6    10 

131  -134 

—1 

6  19    5 

92  —  94 

4    5     1 

61  -  64 

-14 

4  13    9 

109  —110 

—  i 

6     9     1 

234—  24 

6    5    0 

104  —106 

4  15    3 

7f|-    7}i 

6     1     1 

84-86 

-4 

4  13    0 

8}—    9i 
16?-  ICl 

6    6    4 

+  i 

5  19     1 

Bf-    3| 

6    6    6 

65-    7J 

6  18    0 

5i-    6i 

+  * 

6    5    6 

99  -101 

4    9    0 

129  —132   xd 

6    6     1 

75  —  77   xd 

4  11    0  1 

90  —  92 

4    7    0 

ISi-  ISixd 

58    9 

92  -  94 

— i 

4    5     1 

984-1C04 

3  11    7 

"»-  118 

124—  13 

6    3    8 

4  12    4 

8O4-  824 

6    S    1 

66  -  58 

5  12    1 

83-86 

5  16    3 

69-  n 

6  11     1 

3}-    33 
24-    2| 

-  S 

5  18    4 

-i 

6    3    8 

1 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord. . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

New  York  Telep.,  44%  Gen.  Ends. 
Oriental  Telep,  and  Blec, 

Do,    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4%  Red.  Deb 

Paolflo  and  European  Tel.,  4  %  I 
Guar.  Debs.  J 

Beater's       

Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Bgypt,  44  % ) 
Deb.  Red,  J 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do,     4   %  Debs.,  1  to     ,6001 

guar,  by  Braz.  Bub.  Tel.  J 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg, 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  1st  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  2nd  Pref. 

Do.    6%  Debs 

Western 'Telegraph,  Lid, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg,  Bonds 


1 

A 

6) 

1 

E 

B 

100 

*4 

H 

1 

H 

10 

1 

A 

A 

Stock 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

10 

Cert. 

A 

6 

Stock 

4 

44 

E 

8 

8f 

5 

B 

A 

24 

iii 

100 

4 

4 

10 

1} 

1} 

10 

K 

K 

10 

6 

A 

100 

E 

A 

10 

7 

7t 

stock 

4 

4 

$1000 

4 

4 

1  —  ll 

i-     I 

974-  984 
If-    1| 

14-   H 

88  —  90 
98  — I'OO 
lOJ-  lOfxd 
124  -127 
964-  984 

6}i-    6^g 
64-    6| 

96-09 
2i-  3 
94-  10 
9i-  93 
101  -103 

134-  13i 

92  —  94 

90  —  93 


*UnIcs8  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid. 


a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrante. 


t  Interim  Dividend. 


I  86.  in  Funded  Dividend  Certs, 


CONTirtUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


954 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,864,  June  6,  1913 


SHARE    LIST    OP    ELECTRICAL    OOMPANIES.-(r.i/.«»/f<f.) 

ELECTBIC  BAILWAT8  AND  TBAlfWATS.— HOME. 


HAMB, 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Bath  Trams.  Prel.  Ord 

Do.    6%PTef 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Brit.  Eleo.  Trao,,  6  %  Pret,     . . 

Do.        Do.  Deferred 

Do.  6%Cum.Pr't 

7  '\,  Non-Cum.  Pr"J. 
.')  "„  Perp.  Deb.      . . 
4i  ",2nd  Deb. 
Cmlral  Londjn  Railway,  Ord. 

Do.     Pref.  

Do.    DeJ 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Cit;  A  B.  London,  R  %  Pret.,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1896     .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         lOOS    .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Great  Northern  A  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Hastings  Trams,  8  %  PreJ. 

Do.    44  %  Deb 

ele  of  Thanet  Trams,  S%  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Elec.  Railw'ys,4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 


Block 


1 

1 

100 
100 
IOO 
IOO 
100 
100 
100 
100 
IOO 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


Dlrldends 
lor 


1911. 
Nil 
6 


Closing 
Qootatione 
June  3rd. 


72  —  77 
lOi-  12i 
5J-  74 
84  —  87 
42  —  45 
89  —  93 

74  —  78 
81  —  83 
81  —  86 
78  —  80 
89  —101 

101  —103 
100  —109 
99  -102 
97  —100 
92  —  94 
2}-  2* 
5S-  Is? 
f.^  —  73 
2i-    28 

75  —  80 
73-80 
94  —  96 

4i—  6 
62-66 


Rise 

Present 

+  or 

Tleia 

FaU 

P.O. 

— 

Ml.  i. 

,, 

NU 

6    B    I 

6  17    0 

It 

-1 

6  17  11 

6  13    4 

6    7    6 

6  15    5 

1 

:4  16    6 

■i  13    0 

— a 

;5    0    0 

3  19    3   1 

+1 

4  17    1    ' 

4  18    0 

4  18    0 

6    0    0 

4    6     1 

Nil 

—  .i'^ 

7  13    7 

6    8    3 

4  15    3 

5    0    0 

6    6    0 

4    8    4 

6    1    3 

ttutm, 


Metropolitan  Railway  Oonsol. . . 

Do.     BarpluB  Lands     .. 

Do,    8i%Deb 

Do.    81%  Pref 

Do.    Bi%Con.  Pref 

Metropolitan  District  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4  %  Prior  Lien    .. 

Do.    41  %  First  Pref 

Do.    8i%Gtd 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Boutb  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Dndergroond    Blec.    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cum.  Inc.  Deb. 

Do.    44%  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Torkshlre  (West  Biding),  Ord, 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    41%  Deb 


IOO 
100 
100 
IOO 
100 


100 
100 
IOO 
1 
I 
IOO 
IOO 


IOO 
6 
0 

100 


DiTldends 
tor 


Closing 
Qnotatlons 
June  8rd. 


481-  19 
62'—  64 
86  —  67 
83  —  85 

81  —  88 
35i-  S5i 

139  —141 
94  —  96 
97  —  99 

86  —  87 
75  —  77 

r-t\ 

87  —  91 
91i-  941 

82  —  85 

i-     i 

65  —  70 
8i-     3« 

hi-   U 

ICM  —111 
97-99 

88  —  89 
i-     3 

81-  Si 
82  —  86 


Rise 
+  or 
Fall 


-A 


ELECTRICAL   BAILWAT8   AND   TBAHWAT8.— COLONIAL  AND  FOBEION. 


Anglo-Arg.  Trams,  Ist  Pret.     .. 

Do.    9nd  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4J%Deb 

Do.    6%Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Eleo.  6.  &  Trams,  Pret. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%  2nd  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light   and  \ 

Power  i 

Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ord.     .. 

Do.    6%  Pret 

Do.    44  %  Deb 

B.  Colombia  Eleo.  Rly.,  Det,    . . 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    41  %  Ist  Mort.  Deb.      . . 

Do.    44  %  Vancouver  Deb,    ,. 

Do.    4i%Con.  Deb 

Calcntta  Trams,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

City  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Colombo  Eleo.  Tr.  4  Lt.,  6  %  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Ealgoorlie  Eleo.  Trams  .. 

Do.    6%ADeb 

Do.    B%BDeb 


e 

6 

l\ 

l\ 

IOO 

4 

4 

100 

44 

44 

100 

6 

R 

100 

K 

R 

10 

6 

6 

100 

«4 

44 

IOO 

E 

E 

$100 

6t 

6 

8 

8 

6 

6 

fi 

IOO 

44 

41 

100 

8 

Si 

100 

6 

6 

100 

R 

R 

40 

« 

4 

100 

4 

4 

100 

4 

4 

6 

7 

5 

6 

6 

R 

IOO 

I 

.1 

44 

6 

5 

Bt 

IOO 

4 

4 

100 

B 

R 

91000 

6 

B 

I 

Nil 

IOO 

R 

B 

100 

6 

8 

.:i-.i? 

+iV 

B    7    4 

6  14    3 

914-  931 

4    5    7 

98  -100 

4  10    0 

964-  98J  xd 

-14 

6     1     6 

101  —103 

4  17    1 

101-  114 

5    4     4 

96  -  98 

4  11  10 

97  —  99 

6    10 

91  -93 

-4s 

6    9    0 

6Z-    71  xd 

,. 

6    8    G 

4|-    64  xd 

.. 

4    8  11 

99  -102 

4    8    8 

126  -130 

—2 

6    3    1 

109  -ua 

—1 

5    6    2 

iOO  -103 

-2 

4  17     1 

100  —103 

4    7    6 

100  -102 

4    8    3 

931-  954 

-4 

4     9    0 

5|-    6J 

6  12    0 

44-    64 

+A 

4    8  11 

974—1004 

4    9    7 

4*=  5^ 

4  ii    0 

93-97 

4    2    6 

904-  944 

6    5  10 

97  —101 

4  19    0 

^n-      A 

Nil 

85  -  90 

+2 

B  11     1 

26-85 

. 

La  Plata  Eleo.  Trms,  Ord, 

Do,    Pret 

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Bank  rat«  of  Discount  44  per  cent..  April  17th.  IBIS. 


Vol.72.    No.  1,8M,  Junk  fi,  191.'i.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


9C5 


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The  German  Accuraulatcr  Industry . — A  remarkable 

conflict  of  opinion  has  just  arisen  reerarding  the  situation  of 
business  in  the  German  trade  in  secondary  batteries.  As  in  con- 
nection with  the  Board  of  Trade  in  Great  Britain,  so  in  the 
Fatherland  there  exists  a  Government  official  organ  which  professes 
to  reflect  the  position  of  the  labour  market  and  of  trades  at  certain 
intervals.  On  the  present  occasion  the  organ,  apparently  referring, 
in  the  first  place,  to  last  year,  states  that  complaints  were  made  of 
inadequate  activity  in  the  manufacture  of  stationary  accnmulatora, 
whilst  the  works  engaged  on  the  production  of  portable  batteries 
were  only  moderately  employed.  The  decline  in  the  receipt  of  new 
orders  for  stationary  batteries,  which  started  in  the  autumn,  con- 
tinued at  the  opening  of  1913,  although  this  was  not  entirely 
surprising,  as  business  in  the  early  months  is  always  quieter.  In 
March  and  April  it  is  customary  for  orders  to  experience  a  large 
increase,  but  in  the  current  year  the  newspaper  declares  that  the 
decrease  has  become  accentuated,  whilst  the  call  for  delivery  on 
old  contracts  has  also  abated.  The  execution  of  the  latter  still 
permits  of  the  maintenance  of  full  working,  although  a  limitation, 
it  is  added,  will  be  inevitable  in  the  near  future.  Although  there 
are  various  manufacturers  of  storage  batteries  in  that  country,  the 
largest  individual  firm  is  the  Berlin-Hagen  Co.,  which  also  exercises, 
to  some  extent,  a  monopoly  in  the  trade,  owing  to  its  wide  con- 
nection with  the  largest  groups  of  manufacturers,  and  with  the 
central  stations  established  or  promoted  by  them  and  their  associated 
interests.  This  particular  company,  which  brought  over  into 
1913  orders  exceeding  by  £100,000  in  value  those  oc  the  books  at 
the  beginning  of  1912,  recently  reported  that  business  continued 
very  active,  and  that  a  further  development  was  taking  place  in  the 
portable  battery  trade.  If  then  the  smaller  makers  are  suffering, 
according  to  the  official  labour  organ,  it  is  apparent  that  the  largest 
undertaking  at  any  rate  has  no  grounds  for  complaining  of  the 
situation  of  the  trade. 


Mdallurri!/  of  Iron  and  Steel.     By   Mkhhr.h.    Sexto.v  and 
PniMno.si:.     .MunchcHttT  :  Tie  Scientific   I'ablUbing  Co. 

J'ricc  1 29.  0(1.  net. 

The  Hiibjeet  of  the  inetallurKy  of  iron  and  Ktcel  iB  at  the 
prcficiit  titiK;  ahiioHt  Ijcyi  rid  tlie  scope  of  any  one  individnal. 
All  volumes  containing  up-to-date  informiition  aie  afx-cptablc, 
and  the  prcHent  one  is  especially  ho,  as  it  is  written  with 
undoubted  authority.  It  forms  the  second  edition  of  a 
previous  work  with  the  same  title.  (ircat  prof^'rcss  lias 
been  made  during  the  last  few  years  in  the  Fcience  of  metal- 
lurgy, and  this  book  ha?,  tlierefore,  many  f(.atur(;s  of  an 
entirely  new  work.  The  authors'  aim  has  been  to  present  a 
text-book  of  moderate  dimensions  for  the  student,  but  at  the 
same  time  to  cover  the  whole  field  of  the  metallurgy  of  iron 
and  tteel.  A  work  of  this  nature  cannot  possibly  gain  the 
approval  of  every  reader,  but  the  authors  have  made  a  very 
careful  selection  of  the  more  important  facts  relating  to  this 
industry. 

The  volume  begins  with  a  somewhat  extensive  list  of  errors, 
which,  for  the  sake  of  appearances,  might  have  occupied  a 
less  conspicuous  position  ;  and,  after  a  quotation  from  Bacon, 
the  student  is  introduced  to  the  importance  of  iron.  The 
first  few  pages  are  devoted  to  introductory  remarks  on  the 
classification  of  iron  ores.  The  book  is  then  divided  into 
sections,  the  first  of  which  deals  with  the  production  of  pig- 
iron.  This  part  of  the  book  gives  a  very  clear  and  interest- 
ing account  of  our  present  knowledge  of  the  subject.  No 
important  facts  are  omitted,  and  such  vital  questions  as  cost 
and  durability  of  furnaces  receive  brief  but  necessary 
attention. 

Part  III  treats  of  malleable  iron,  and  deals  with  the  sub- 
ject in  a  very  comprehensive  manner,  especially  from  the 
point  of  view  of  the  English  manufacturer.  Part  IV  is 
devoted  to  the  production  of  steel,  and  a  considerable 
amount  of  space  is  given  up  to  the  important  and  interesting 
study  of  the  micro-structure  of  iron  and  steel.  The  authors 
touch  upon  the  subject  of  electric  steel,  but  this  is  disposed 
of  in  four  pages.  We  are  of  opinion  that  considerably  more 
attention  might  have  been  devoted  to  this  section  of  the 
book,  especially  in  view  of  the  growing  importance  of  this 
branch  of  the  industry.  Two  electric  furnaces  are  illus- 
trated, but  neither  of  these  has  come  into  extensive  use, 
whereas  other  types  are  now  well  known.  We  notice  that 
the  appendix  contains  a  diagram  of  an  electric  smelting 
furnace,  which  has  recently  been  undergoing  trials  in 
Sweden. 

The  book  throughout  is  exceedingly  interesting.  It  is 
copiously  illustrated,  both  with  diagrams  and  photographs, 
which,  besides  giving  a  fair  knowledge  of  the  principles 
involved,  offer  some  idea  of  the  actual  plant  in  action.  The 
volume  teems  with  useful  tables  and  information,  and  may 
be  recommended  to  anyone  interested  in  the  subject.  Our 
best  thanks  are  due  to  the  authors  for  presenting  such  a 
useful  and  valuable  compilation  compressed  into  so  small  a 
volume. 


R.   Barclay   and  C.   R. 
Edward     Arnold.     1012. 


Haixs- 
Price 


Electroplating.     By  W. 

WORTH.       London  : 

7s.  6d.  net. 

This  volume,  comprising  400  pages,  deals  with  the  sub- 
ject of  electroplating  in  a  very  comprehensive  manner.  It 
is  written  from  the  engineering  side,  and  is  eminently 
practical.  We  must  take  note,  however,  that  the  book  is 
not  intended  to  take  the  place  of  practical  experience,  but 
rather  to  supplement  the  already  acquired  knowledge  of  the 
electroplater.  The  writers  have  taken  as  their  basis  a 
course  of  lectures  delivered  to  students  in  the  technical 
classes  of  the  I'niversity  of  Sheffield,  supplemented  by  the 
syllabus  in  electrometallurgy  of  the  City  and  Guilds  of 
liondon  Institute. 

The  volume  commences  with  a  chapter  on  fandamental 
chemical  principles.  These  are  disposed  of  in  a  few  pages, 
and  will  be  of  very  little  use  to  anyone  who  has  no  previous 
knowledge  of  chemistry. 

Following  this  is  a  chapter  devoted  to  electrochemicsU 
principles,  which  is  very  simply  and  concisely  written.  The 
next  chapter  introduces  the  electroplater  to  fundamental 


956 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,85^  June  6,  1913. 


electrical  principles.  These  are  very  hurriedly  disposed  of, 
and  will  prove  somewhat  confusing  to  readers  who  are  not 
electricians.  Then  we  have  the  usual  theoretical  considera- 
tions relating  to  primary  and  secondary  cells  and  the  dynamo. 
These  chapters  should  prove  of  considerable  interest  to  the 
electroplater. 

The  authors  then  introduce  the  real  business  in  hand, 
namely,  the  practical  side  of  electroplating.  This  part  of 
the  book  is  by  far  the  most  interesting,  and  contains  a  very 
complete  resume  of  the  present  known  processes  of  plating. 
It  is  well  illustrated,  and  for  the  most  part  expressed  in 
language  that  will  commend  itself  to  the  class  it  is  written 
for.  Numerous  recipes  are  given  which  will  undoubtedly 
prove  of  great  value.  The  theoretical  considerations  are, 
as  a  rule,  clearly  expressed.  There  is,  however,  a 
tendency  to  give  information  whose  connection  with  the 
theory  and  practice  of  electroplating  is  not  at  once 
apparent.  We  find  several  passages  in  the  book  which  are 
likely  to  lead  to  misconception.  On  p.  240,  for  example,  the 
idea  of  catalysis  is  somewhat  confusing,  and  will  probably 
be  misunderstood.  The  authors  further  state  that  recent 
researches  suggest  that  colloids  added  to  the  electrolytic 
bath  move  to  the  cathode.  AVe  might  point  out  that  this  is 
an  actual  fact,  and  not  a  suggestion,  as  can  easily  be  demon- 
strated by  the  use  of  the  microscope.  The  subject  of  elec- 
trotypes is  touched  upon  rn  jiassant,  and  we  consider  that 
this  might,  with  profit,  have  been  considerably  elaborated. 
There  is  extreme  difficulty  in  gaining  accurate  information 
on  this  latter  subject,  and  more  precise  knowledge  would 
have  been  gratefully  received. 

Throughout  the  book,  simple  methods  for  the  analysis  of 
various  materials  are  described.  These  are  perfectly  clear, 
and  will  not  lead  to  ambiguity.  We  sincerely  hope  that  this 
volume  will  be  well  received.  It  deserves  the  careful  con- 
sideration, not  only  of  those  directly  employed  in  the  electro- 
plating industry,  but  also  of  those  interested  in  the  wider 
field  of  electrotechnics. 


Applied   Electrochemistry.     By    A.    J.    Allmaxd,    D.Sc. 

London  :  Edward  Arnold.     1912.     Price  18s.  net. 

It  is  a  lamentable  fact  that  this  country,  the  birthplace 
of  electrochemistry,  falls  a  long  way  behind  the  German 
Empire  in  the  production  of  standard  literature.  Neither 
country  has  any  great  natural  facilities  for  the  development 
of  water  power,  or  for  the  production  of  cheap  electricity, 
except  from  coal.  In  spite  of  this,  however,  Germany  has 
taken  the  lead  in  the  world  of  electrochemistry,  whereas 
England  has  fallen  considerably  behind.  There  are 
numerous  volumes  written  in  the  German  language  dealing 
with  electrochemical  processes,  but  hardly  any  in  English. 
Nevertheless,  electrochemistry  is  quietly  gaining  a  firm 
foothold  amongst  a  certain  class  of  English  manufacturers, 
who  are  ready  to  assimilate  new  facts  relating  to  their 
technical  processes.  The  present  volume  is  evidently 
intended  to  fill  their  requirements.  The  author,  in  bis 
preface,  states  that  he  has  designed  his  book  for  both 
technical  men  and  students ;  a  laudable  ambition,  but 
difficult  to  fulfil.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the  volume  will 
be  of  immense  value  to  the  student.  It  presents,  in  book 
form,  facts  relating  to  electrochemical  processes  which  have 
hitherto  been  confined  to  periodical  literature. 

Dr.  AUmand  commences  his  book  by  a  general  theoretical 
introduction,  and  deals  with  commercial  electrochemistry 
based  on  theoretical  considerations.  A  few  pages  are  devoted 
to  the  question  of  power,  and  the  information  is  of  necessity 
somewhat  fragmentary.  The  reader  is  then  introduced  to 
simple  problems  of  equilibrium,  whose  general  utility  is 
hidden  behind  involved  electrochemical  nomenclature.  This 
chapter  is  quite  comprehensible  to  an  advanced  student  of 
electrochemistry,  but  entirely  useless  to  the  average  technical 
man.  In  fact,  the  chief  fault  we  have  to  find  with  the  book 
is  the  too  fre(juent  use  of  complicated  formulie.  The  first 
part  of  the  work  deals  entirely  with  the  theoretical  side  of 
electrochemistry.  It  is  undoubtedly  well  written,  and  offers 
many  novel  conceptions  which  have  hitherto  not  been 
presented  in  book  form. 

The  second  part  of  the  book  deals  with  the  commercial 
side  of  electrochemistry.  There  are  the  usual  considera- 
tions of  primary   and    secondary  cells,   treated  from   the 


theoretical  side.  The  author  then  turns  his  attention  to  the 
refining  of  metals.  All  the  well-known  processes  are 
described  and  diagrammatically  illustrated.  Electro- 
plating and  typing  are  touched  upon  and  disposed  of  in  a 
few  pages.  Other  electrochemical  industries  are  dealt  with 
in  turn,  and  described  with  accuracy.  The  very  interesting 
work  on  the  fixation  of  Btmospheric  nitrogen  is  ably  dealt 
with  at  some  length  ;  also  many  other  industries  which 
have  not  been  so  fortunate  as  the  former  in  firing  public 
imagination. 

It  is  a  pity  that  working  costs  are  not  discussed.  To  the 
technical  man  this  is  of  primary  importance.  The  diagrams 
are  numerous  and  clear,  but  give  little  conception  of  the 
actual  plant.  Greater  elaboration  would  have  been  useful 
to  the  technical  man.  It  is  suggested  that  the  book  would 
have  been  more  useful  if  written  in  two  entirely  separate 
volumes  ;  the  first  volume  treating  of  the  subject  from  a 
theoretical  standpoint,  and  the  second  volume  designed 
exclusively  for  the  technical  man.  However,  it  is  pleasant  to 
notice  that  no  important  electrochemical  development  has 
been  omitted.  The  book  undoubtedly  fills  a  great  need,  and 
is  extremely  well  written  and  interesting.  The  thanks  of  all 
students  of  electrochemistry  are  due  to  Dr.  AUmand  for  his 
very  interesting  addition  to  our  standard  electrochemical 
literature. 


Measurement  of  Induction  Shocks.    By  Ernest  G.  Martin. 
1912.     London  :  Chapman  &  Hall,  Ltd. 

This  little  volume  gives  a  concise  account  of  an  improved 
apparatus  for  producing  standardised  electrical  stimuli  as  an 
aid  to  physiological  research. 

The  methods  adopted  by  the  author  are  the  outcome  of 
observations  carried  out  over  a  considerable  period,  during 
which  he  became  impressed  with  the  necessity  of  having 
exact  measurements,  with  a  view  to  obtaining  results  that 
could  be  compared  with  those  of  other  workers. 

The  earlier  chapters  are  devoted  to  an  explanation  of  the 
conditions  afifecting  the  character  of  Faradic  stimuli,  an 
historical  review  of  the  progressive  steps  taken  to  improve 
the  technique  of  the  Vf3Tk,  and  a  statement  of  the  various 
requirements  neceesofy  for  the  construction  of  an  ideal 
apparatus. 

The  suggestions  put  forward  by  the  author  to  overcome 
the  difficulties  encountered  are  extremely  ingenious,  and 
apparently  the  apparatus  made  in  accordance  with  his  ideas 
gives  uniform  and  satisfactory  results. 

Full  instructions  are  laid  down  in  connection  with  the 
calibration  of  the  instruments,  and  the  mathematical  issues 
involved  are  clearly  dealt  with,  forming  a  decidedly  unusual 
feature  of  electromedical  literature. 

It  is  to  be  feared  that  the  circulation  of  the  book  will  be 
limited,  as  it  can  only  be  of  direct  interest  to  physiologists, 
but  to  such  the  book  will  be  of  undoubted  value  and,  in  all 
probability,  it  will  be  instrumental  in  co-ordinating  future 
work  in  an  important  branch  of  science — important,  because 
physiological  knowledge  is  the  basis  of  medical  and  surgical 
procedure. 


Handbook  of  Wireless  Telegraphy.  By  J.  Erskink- 
MuiiRAY,  D.Sc.  London  :  Crosby  Lockwood  &  Son. 
Fourth  Edition.     Price  10s.  Gd.  net. 

Considerable  revision  and  additions  to  this  work  are 
features  of  the  fourth  edition,  and  Dr.  Erskine-Murray  is 
certainly  to  be  congratulated  on  his  endeavours  to  keep  the 
book  abreast  of  progress,  and  to  effect  improvements 
therein.  Much  new  matter  has  been  added,  mainly  in  con- 
nection with  more  recent  developments.  The  description 
of  the  Poulsen  system  is  amplified,  and  the  more  recent 
methods  and  types  of  apparatus  used  by  the  Telefunken 
Co.  are  fully  considered.  The  Goldschmidt  high-frequency 
alternator  and  the  Galletti  system  of  transmission  also 
receive  attention. 

In  reference  to  these  latter  the  descriptions  given  are  very 
meagre,  and  it  is  doubtful  whether'  more  than  a  vague  idea 
of  the  methods  vvill  be  conveyed  to  the  student.  Taking  the 
case  of  the  Goldschmidt  alternator,  it  is  suggested  that  an 
explanation  of  the  reactions  occurring  in  low -frequency  alter- 
nators when  the  power  factor  has  a  very  small  value  would 


Vol  72.     No.  1,864,  Junk  C,  lUiy.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


5i57 


fuivc  the  wiiy  for  tbc  studeut  to  iiii<lcrHtuii(l  the  principle 
involved  in  tlie  Ooldscliinidt  iniichine.  It  could,  with 
advantage,  bo  pointed  ont  liow  an  allcrnator  takes  upon 
itself  tiie  functions  of  a  tnuiHformer,  in  addition  to  theme  of 
a  generator  under  certain  conditions  of  working  ;  and  how 
the  frecjuency  (hie  to  rotation  is  added  to  tlie  armature  fre- 
quency when  this  transformer  elTect  comes  into  l)lay. 

The  high-speed  methods  and  api)liancc8  designed  for  use 
in  connection  with  the  Hnropean  I'ouiscn  system  are 
adcejuately  illustrated  and  described.  At  the  end  of  the 
book  extracts  are  given  from  the  Marconi  Co.'s  outline 
specifications  for  high-power  stations  proposed  for  the 
Imperial  wireless  chain. 


La  Telajraphif  sans  Fils  pour   Tovn.     By  F.  DURogUiKR. 
Paris  :  E.  Orlhac.     Price  3  fr. 

The  author  sets  out  to  provide  an  elementary  treatment 
of  the  construction  and  installation  of  wireless  apparatus  and 
the  applications  of  wireless  telegraphy.  "We  must  congratu 
late  him  on  his  happy  knack  of  spanning  wide  gulfs,  in 
the  theory  and  developments  of  apparatus  and  methods, 
in  such  a  manner  that  the  discontinuity  is  liardly  noticed, 
but,  at  the  same  time,  we  believe  that  few  non-technical 
readers  would  be  able  to  follow  the  book.  In  our  opinion, 
it  is  admirably  suited  to  the  needs  of  the  general  electrical 
engineer  who,  having  read  indiscriminately  a  certain  amount 
of  matter  dealing  with  wireless  telegraphy,  wishes  to  acquire 
a  good  elementary  grounding  in  the  subject,  either  with  a 
view  to  proceeding  to  a  more  advanced  study,  to  enable 
him  to  take  up  amateur  wireless  work  or  simply  to  enable 
him  to  read,  with  greater  intelligence  and  profit,  the  current 
"  wireless  "  Press. 

In  his  opening  paragraphs,  the  author  sketches  the  present 
importance  of  wireless  telegraphy  and  the  general  nature  of 
Hertzian  waves.  The  methods  of  generating  and  radiating 
the  latter  are  then  considered.  When  it  is  stated  that 
Transmission  is  dealt  with  in  4^  pages,  under  the  following 
paragraph  headings  :  Ruhmkorff  Coil,  Condensers,  Inter- 
rupters, Transmitting  Circuits,  Antennae,  Direct  and  Indirect, 
Shunt  and  Inductive  Excitation  of  the  Aerial,  it  will  be 
seen  how  summarily  these  matters  are  dismissed.  No  explana- 
tion is  given  of  most  of  the  technical  terms  employed,  hence 
the  layman  is  not  likely  to  derive  much  benefit  from  the 
book.  On  the  other  hand,  a  reader  grounded  in  general 
electrical  engineering  would  gain  a  good  elementary  under- 
standing of  the  subject  dealt  with.  If  suitably  amplified 
by  lectures,  the  book  should  prove  useful  for  students'  use. 

In  Section  III,  dealing  with  the  reception  of  Hertzian 
waves,  the  Branly  and  other  coherers  and  relay  circuits  for 
use  with  these  are  described  and  illustrated.  Various  forms 
of  detectors  and  their  advantages  in  conjunction  with  tele- 
phone receivers  are  next  considered.  Surely  it  is  too  sweep- 
ing a  statement  to  say  that  crystal  detectors  are  more 
sensitive  than  the  best  electrolytic  types  ?  .  Quite  the  best 
printed  explanation  and  distinction  which  we  have  seen  of 
and  between  the  telephone  sounds  produced  by  damped  and 
LQUsical  radiations  is  given  as  cr.  crrr  and  h7.  Ifimu  (French 
pronounciation).  The  author's  detector,  using  a  semi- 
conducting artificial  crystal,  appears  to  be  highly  sensitive, 
and,  by  the  uniformity  of  its  structure,  little  subject  to 
derangement  ;  tests  have  shown  it  to  be  eminently  suitable 
for  use  in  field  and  other  sets  exposed  to  rough  usage.  An 
explanation  of  the  nature  and  importance  of  syntony  leads 
to  an  explanation  and  comparison  of  various  arrangements 
of  the  receiving  circuit.  Considering  the  knowledge  assumed 
in  other  sections,  it  seems  to  be  unnecessary  to  explain  the 
distinction  between  series  and  parallel  connection  on  p.  22. 

The  second  part  of  the  work  (comprising  20  pages)  deals 
with  the  construction  and  installation  of  wireless  apjarat us 
for  amateur  work.  The  author  is  careful  to  explain  that 
no  apparatus,  methods,  tests  or  results  are  described  with 
which  he  has  not  had  experience  and  success  which  can  be 
realised  by  any  reader  following  the  instructions  set  forth. 
A  station  suitable  for  transmitting  messages  up  to  150  km. 
is  described,  but  this  is  rather  beyond  the  needs  of  the 
average  amateur,  and  the  equipment  suggested  would  cer- 
tainly be  too  expensive  for  the  latter.  The  construction  and 
use  of  a  number  of  pieces  of  apparatus — including  a  con- 
venient ball-interrupter — are  explained  and  clearly  illustrated. 


Some  UHefui  suggestions  are  made  as  to  nietliwls  of  arrang- 
ing and  HUHjiending  the  aerial  network  (olien  a  matter  of 
peri)lexity  to  the  amutcnrj,  and  a  Hniple  arrangement  in 
described  whereby  t<;lephone  BiilmcriberH  may  uw;  their 
exchange  line  as  a  receiving  aerial  without  in  any  way 
aiTecting  the  working  of  tlie  ordinary  telephone  service, 
'i'uning  circuitf  are  described  in  some  detail,  and  the  section 
concludes  with  an  enumeration  of  [K)int8  requiring  attention 
in  the  maintenance  of  a  wireless  ccjuipment. 

The  third  jiart  of  the  book  reviews  the  present  ajjplica- 
tions  of  wireless  telegraphy,  including  public  service,  time 
signals,  weather  reports,  naval  and  code  messages,  Press 
reports,  &c.,  and  sets  forth,  inter  ulia,  the  Morte  code,  a 
number  of  station  eall-cii)her8,  and  the  procedure  followerl 
in  transmitting  various  signals  and  reports. 

The  Appendix  includes  14  wiring  diagrarnp.  showing  the 
principal  arrangements  of  transmitting  and  receiving  circuits, 
and  commenting  briefly  on  the  characteristics  and  advan- 
tages of  each.  The  volume  suffers  from  the  defects, 
common  to  most  French  books,  of  having  no  index  and  of 
being  paper  bound,  but  it  is  certainly  to  i.>e  recommended  as 
a  reliable  work  and  a  good  investment. 


BUSINESS    METHODS    IN     NEW    ZEALAND. 


By  wigwam. 


In  some  previous  notes  on  electrical  matters  in  Xew  Zealand, 
we  foreshadowed  these  comments  on  usual  business  methods, 
and  in  view  of  difficulties  that  commonly  arise  in  importing 
plant  and  material,  we  are  led  to  believe  that  there  are  a 
number  of  English  manufacturers  who  might  read  them 
with  profit. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  State  controls  interests 
in  the  Dominion  that  are  commonly  in  the  hands  of  private 
individuals  at  home.  It  not  only  administers  the  Public 
Works,  and  Posts  and  Telegraphs,  but  also  the  railways,  two 
of  the  principal  coal  mines,  and  its  own  printing  depart- 
ments. Incidentally,  it  may  be  worth  mentioning,  as  showing 
the  extent  of  such  public  ownership,  that  the  State  runs  a 
Tourist  Department,  including  the  administration  of  the 
town  of  Rotorua,  which  is  the  centre  of  the  thermal  district, 
a  State  insurance  department,  and  a  number  of  experimental 
farms.  Recently  it  has  secured  control  of  all  the  latent 
water  power  in  the  waterfalls  and  rivers,  and  has  actively 
commenced  to  develop  it. 

To  the  operations  of  the  Government  departments  may  be 
added  the  activities  of  the  municipal  bodies.  Harbour  and 
River  Boards,  &c.,  and  together  they  may  be  taken  to  be 
the  purchasers  of  the  great  bulk  of  electrical  and  mechanical 
plant,  as  distinct  from  agricultural  and  allied  machinery.  It 
will  be  understood,  of  course,  that  such  materials  as  lighting 
accessories,  small  motors,  and  so  on,  are  purchased  and 
installed  by  private  traders  and  contractors.  But,  in  general, 
the  remarks  following  may  be  considered  applicable. 

Practically  all  important  contracts  are  publicly  adver- 
tised, and  tenders  are  invited  to  a  prepared  specification. 
So  far,  the  usual  practice  in  England  is  followed.  Where  it 
differs  is  in  that  there  are  almost  invariably  the  following 
conditions  :  First,  a  deposit  has  to  b3  paid  in  when  a  f,ender 
is  submitted  ;  secondly,  sureties  have  to  he  found  to  guarantee 
due  fulfilment  of  the  conditions  if  the  work  is  secured.' 
To  these  may  be  added  the  usual  payment  for  copy,  or 
copies,  of  specification  and  drawings,  and  penalty  for  delay 
in  completion.  The  deposit  is  generally  from  2^  to  5  per 
cent,  of  the  contract  price,  and  has  to  be  made  in  the  form 
of  a  marked  cheque  of  an  approved  bank  (the  tenderer's 
own  cheque  being  insufficient)  ;  it  is  held  until  the  contract 
has  been  signed  by  the  successful  tenderer.  Should  any 
hitch  occur  in  settling  the  final  details  with  the  successful 
firm,  the  deposit  of  the  next  in  order  of  merit,  or  even  of  all 
the  remainicg  firms,  may  be  held,  pending  settlement,  and 
no  payment  or  allowance  is  made  for  bank  interest.  Thus, 
on  a  tender  of,  say,  £30,000  value,  a  deposit  of  £750  might 
be  held  for  weeks,  and  even  months,  without  acknowledg- 
ment of  interest  due,  and  when  a  number  of  tenders  close  on 

*  "Wigwam"  is  apparently  not  aware  that  sureties  are  often 
required  in  this  country. — Eds.  Elec.  Eev, 


958 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,854,  June  6,  1913. 


or  about  the  same  date,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  total  amounts 
outstanding  in  that  way  may  be  considerable. 

The  second  condition  is  sometimes  even  more  difficult  to 
deal  with.  Two  sureties  are  generally  to  be  named,  who 
will  together  bind  themselves  in  a  sum  usually  of  about  10  per 
cent,  of  the  contract  price,  for  the  fulfilment  of  the  con- 
tractor's obligations.  These  sureties  are  to  be  approved  by 
the  purchasers,  and  usually  the  clause  is  so  drafted  that  it 
is  practically  essential  to  find  local  men. 

Thus  the  local  representative  of  an  English  firm  is  in  the 
position  of  having  to  find  two  bondsmen  to  back  him  up  on 
behalf  of  a  firm  who  may  be  totally  unknown  to  them. 
Not  only  has  he.  therefore,  to  add  their  payment  for  such 
bond  to  his  price,  but  unless  his  principals  guarantee  him, 
he  may  have  to  pledge  his  own  property  as  security.  If  to 
these  risks  is  added  that  of  a  penalty  for  delay  in  delivery 
or  completion,  it  will  be  seen  that  to  successfully  compete, 
there  must  be  entire  confidence  aad  trust  between  the  local 
and  the  home  house.  It  might  be  argued  that  the  home 
firm  might  tender  direct,  but  there  are  numerous  reasons  to 
be  urged  against  this,  of  which,  perhaps,  two  will  sutiice. 

A  firm  outside  the  Dominion,  and  doing  local  trade,  does 
not  thereby  escape  the  attentions  of  the  income-tax  depart- 
ment. The  Commissioner  of  Taxes,  in  the  absence  of  evi- 
dence in  the  shape  of  the  firm's  books,  may  assess  their 
profit  himself,  and  tax  them  on  his  own  assessment.  The 
possible  result  only  needs  a  little  contemplation  to  prove  the 
folly  of  risking  this  course. 

The  second  reason  is  that  very  frequently  the  time 
allowed  for  completing  estimates  and  making  up  tenders, 
does  not  admit  of  obtaining  detailed  prices  from  home,  even 
if  the  home  firm  knew  that  tenders  were  being  invited. 

It  will  be  seen,  then,  that  the  position  of  a  local  repre- 
sentative endeavouring  to  open  up  business,  particularly  for 
a  home  firm  whose  name  is  unknown,  is  not  altogether  an 
enviable  one,  and  that  he  needs  not  only  the  friendly  assist- 
ance but  the  active  co-operation  of  the  home  manufacturers. 
The  extent  to  which  this  is  forthcoming  will  be  largely  the 
measure  of  their  mutual  success,  or  otherwise. 

Competition  is  keen,  a  fact  which  many  manufacturers  do 
not  seem  to  realise.  There  is  a  certain  class  of  British 
manufacturer  who  invariably  quotes  for  cash  against 
shipping  documents  at  English  port,  involving  his  selling 
agent  in  a  further  expenditure  for  bank  exchange,  as  well 
as  interest  on  the  value  of  the  goods  while  they  are  at  sea, 
i.e.,  for  about  two  months.  He  further  throws  upon  the 
selling  agent  the  risks  of  making  good  defects  in  the 
material  itself,  breakages  in  transit  and  delays  in  shipment, 
or  disputes,  all  of  which  would  appear  to  be  difficulties 
in  which  he  might  reasonably  be  expected  to  bear  a  fair 
share. 

It  thus  often  happens  that  the  local  man  is  unable  to 
agree  to  some  clause  in  a  specification,  which  involves  too 
much  risk  to  himself  in  matters  over  which  he  has  no 
control,  and  by  striking  out  such  clauses,  he  places  himself 
at  a  cKsadvantage  with  competitors  whose  principals  support 
them. 

The  bank  exchange,  for  instance,  where  payment  is 
obtained  by  drawing  on  a  London  bank  on  production  of 
bills  of  lading,  costs  about  If  per  cent.,  a  sum  quite 
sufficient  on,  say,  a  contract  for  cables,  to  put  prices  out  of 
competition.  If  payment  is  made  by  cheque  through  the 
mail  on  receipt  of  invoices,  the  rate  can  be  reduced  to  about 
\  per  cent. 

It  may  be  argued  that  the  manufacturers  equally  cannot 
afford  to  stand  out  of  the  payments  for  the  time  the  stuff  is 
in  transit,  but  in  how  many  cases  of  similar  contracts  made 
at  home  would  he  receive  payment  in  less  time  ? 

To  turn  to  other  phases  of  the  subject,  wherein  the  makers 
can  materially  help  their  representatives,  as  has  already 
been  said,  tenders  are  often  called  at  short  notice,  and 
unless  local  people  have  up-to-date  prices,  it  is  important 
that  they  should  be  able  to  obtain  them  cheaply  and  accu- 
rately by  cable — i.e.,  a  complete  code  system  is  necessary. 
Recently  there  has  been  introduced  a  system  of  deferred 
cables  at  half  the  usual  rate  per  word.  They  are,  however, 
only  transmitted  after  all  the  ordinary  cables  have  been  put 
through,  no  code  words  or  figures  are  allowed,  the  message 
must  read  intelligently  and  convey  no  other  meaning  than 
its  text  implies. 


The   cost  of  cabling  special  points  of  a  specification  is 
heavy,    and    sometimes    the   time    allowed   for  completing  . 
figures  is  just   sufficient   to    allow   of  detailed   particulars 
being  sent  home  by  mail  and  the  prices  cabled  on  receipt. 

The  Customs  tariff  is  often  a  st^imbling  block.  Suppliers 
often  fail  to  make  the  necessary  declaration  as  to  the 
origin  of  the  material  on  the  back  of  their  invoice. 
British  material  is  admitted  at  preferential  rates,  in  most 
things  the  foreigner  being  liable  to  pay  150  per  cent,  of  the 
home  maker. 

The  duty  is  assessed  on  the  trade  value  of  the  material, 
plus  packing.  It  occasionally  happens  that  suppliers  quote 
c.i.f.  prices,  and  make  out  their  invoices  in  the  same  way. 
The  importer  may  thus  be  charged  duty  on  freight  and 
insurance  costs  included  in  the  total.  These  should  all  be 
shown  separately,  to  save  dispute.  Quotations  should  also 
show  both  f.o.r.  and  c.i.f.  costs,  and  give  both  shipping 
weight  and  dimensions,  since  local  railage,  wharfage  and 
cartages  vary  in  different  districts,  and  unless  the  local  man 
has  this  information,  he  must  either  guess  the  tonnage,  or 
allow  extra  for  contingencies. 

The  term  "  Trade  value "  is  the  price  at  which  the 
material  is  commonly  sold  to  the  trade,  i.n.,  list  price  less 
discount.  If  a  deduction  is  shown  as  commission,  this  is 
taken  to  mean  that  the  deduction  is  a  special  one  for  (^he 
benefit  of  that  particular  purchaser,  and  is  liable  to  duty. 
In  assessing  the  duty,  a  primage  of  10  per  cent,  is  added  to 
the  invoice  amount ;  i.e.,  the  duty  on  £100  worth  of  goods 
would  be  charged  on  £110. 

It  is  essential  to  detail  all  the  items  that  appear  on  an 
invoice,  and  to  avoid  showing  a  lump  sum  for  a  composite 
article  made  up  of  a  number  of  parts  subject  to  different 
rates  of  duty.  This  particularly  applies  to  electrically  driven 
machines.  For  instance,  machine  tools  are  admitted  free,  as 
also  are  certain  classes  of  mining  plant,  while  cranes  and 
machines  generally,  other  than  agricultural  plant,  are  clashed 
as  "  manufactured  aruicles  of  metal"  liable  to  duty  of  20  per 
cent.  The  motors  are  liable  to  10  per  cent.  only.  Insu- 
lators are  dutiable,  whilst  the  bolts  are  free.  It  may  be 
taken  that  the  Customs  officials  exact  the  maximum  amount 
to  which  they  can  lay  claim,  and  it  facilitates  matters  con- 
siderably if  manufacturers  make  out  their  invoices  showing 
the  separate  values  of  each  of  the  items  that  go  to  make  up 
the  total,  and  where  the  different  classifications  are  known, 
separate  invoices  should  be  made  out. 

It  should  also  be  borne  in  mind  that  mistakes  made  either 
in  this  connection,  or,  indeed,  in  any  business  transaction, 
require  practically  three  months  to  clear  up,  this  being  the 
length  of  time  that  usually  elapses  before  a  reply  is  received 
in  course  of  mail. 

The  tendency  of  most  public  bodies,  including  Govern- 
ment Departments,  is  to  purchase  through  local  houses 
rather  than  through  London  shippers,  as  used  to  be  the  case, 
and  to  hold  the  local  firm  responsible. 

There  is  a  greater  sense  of  security  in  having  the  principal 
accessible  in  case  of  difficulty  or  dispute,  rather  than  in 
relying  on  suppliers  who  are  some  14,000  miles  away,  and 
who  can  only  be  reached  by  correspondence. 

There  can  be  little  question  that  manufacturers  who  are 
represented  by  thoroughly  accredited  local  houses  of  good 
standing  and  with  a  working  knowledge  of  the  goods  to  be 
handled,  are  those  who  secure  the  bulk  of  the  business,  and 
that  the  most  successful  combination  can  only  be  attained 
by  complete  working  harmony  at  home  and  in  the  Dominion, 


An    International    Fire  Library.— The  British  Fire 

Prevention  Committee  having-  established  a  technical  library  that 
will  be  known  as  the  International  Fire  Library,  with  a  nucleus 
of  over  2,000  books  dealing  specifically  with  matters  of  fire  pre- 
vention, fire  service  and  fire  loss,  is  desirous  of  callinfif  the  attention, 
of  authors,  public  authorities,  publishers  and  collectors  to  the  fact 
that  a  new  catalog^ne  is  in  preparation,  and  that  any  books,  pam- 
phlets or  reports  which  they  are  able  to  spare  for  this  collection 
should  be  addressed,  as  soon  as  possible,  to  the  Honorary  Chief 
Librarian,  The  Intemational  Fire  Library,  8,  Waterloo  Place,  Pall 
Mall,  S.W.  The  chairman  of  the  Library  Committee  is  Mr.  Oswald 
Wylson,  FRI.B.A.,  and  the  hon.  secretary,  Mr.  D.W.Wood,  in- 
surance surveyor.  The  library,  which  is  the  first  of  its  kind  any- 
where in  Europe,  promises  to  be  a  very  complete  specialist  technical 
library,  and  will  be  made  easily  available  to  all  primarily  concerned 
in  the  subject  of  fire  protection. 


Vol.  72.     No.  I.Hi-.l,  JUNIO  f>,   l!li:i.J 


Till]  Mr.FxrriacAr.  jimvikw. 


{J59 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES,    riTTINQB 
AND    PLANT. 

Sfott's  Patent  Air  CoiiiprcsNorR. 

Mn.ssiis.  IhAac  Storkv  &  Sons,  Lid.,  of  KmpreHB  Foundry, 
Cornbrook,  Manchester,  have  introduced  the  Scott  patent  air  com- 
prepsor  in  which  an  inttreBtint;  type  of  valve  is  employed.  As 
Rhown  in  the  part  sectional  view,  fip.  1,  the  valve  consi«t«  of  two 
plates  and  a  number  of  small  hardened  steel  balls.  The  bottom 
plate  is  drilled  with  a  series  of  holes  of  two  dianieters,  the  top 
portion  slifjhtly  larf:er  and  the  lower  portion  smaller  in  diameter 
than  the  balls,  thus  forminp  a  pocket  for  the  ball  and  a  seat  for  it 
to  rest  on.     The  upper  plate  is  drilled  to  the  same  templet  as  the 


Fig.  1. — Ball  Valve  for  Scott  Patent  Air  Compressor 


lower  one,  and  is  fixed  so  that  the  holes  in  it  are  stagg-ered  with  those 
in  the  lower  plate,  the  bars  between  the  holes  forming  a  stop  for 
the  lift  of  the  balls.  The  plates  are  screwed  together,  and  the 
valve  is  thus  to  all  intents  end  purposes  a  one-piece  device,  with 
positive  and  rapid  opening,  large  area  with  small  lift  (^'g  in.),  no 
springs,  and  small  clearance  space.  The  wear  is  inappreciable,  and 
the  valves  cannot  be  broken. 

The  application  of  the  valve  is  shown  in  fig.  2,  a  section  of  a 
simple  single-crank  compressor.  '  The  end  of  the  trunk  piston  is 
closed  with   one   of    the    valve    plates    above    described,    which 


The  AiiKxr  Autoniutic  liruk<;  ,\(ljiistfr. 

An  ingenious  device  whifrh  in  being  market<'d  at  the  prenent  time, 
after  a  number  of  yearn  of  tenting  under  variuuH  conditionn  in  all 
parts  of  the  world,  is  tho  Anger  improved  automatic  brake 
adjusttir. 

This  device  is  the  invention  of  Mr.  John  pyJward  Aiig<-r,  the 
general  manager  of  the  L'liiled  Klectric  (,'ur  Co.,  and  i»  fwing  pla<:<;d 
on  the  market  by  the  An(;ku  Mamfacti  itl.v;  a.nIi  Si  i-ri.^  Co., 
Ltd.,  of  Preston.  The  company  lian  fa<ttoricM  at  Manchcnter. 
Paris,  HrusHelK,  and  is  at  prcKcnt  arranging  for  them  in  Canada  and 
the  United  States. 

The   priuoiple   of   this  apparatus    in  very  simple,  and  it  can  be 
applied  to  any  type  of  truck  with  any  tyjxj  of  platform  brake  gear. 
The  queetionof  automatic  slack  adjustment  in  brake  shoes  has  of 
late  become  quite  pertinent,  not  only  in  it«  relation  to  economies 
in  car  maintenance,  but  in  the  saving  that  results  from  reducing 
energy  consumption   and  preventing  acci- 
dents. 

Great  care  and  attention  should  be  given 
to  the  adjusting  of  brakes,  but  this  work 
is  often  more  or  less  overlooked  or  neglected, 
and  in  most  tramways  the  men  appointed 
to  do  this  kind  of  work  are  at  the  same  time 
called  upon  for  many  other  duties,  with  the 
retultthat  brake  adjustment  is  always  more 
or  less  attended  to  in  a  hurry,  and,  in  many 
cases,  not  idone  with  the  accuracy  that  is 
necessary  to  give  the  motorman  perfect 
control  of  his  car. 

It  is  an  established  fact,  and  well  known 
to  tramway  engineer."*,  that  the  proper  place 
to  adjust  or  take  up  the  slack  or  wear  of 
the  brake  shoes  is  at  the  point  nearest 
where  this  is  caused,  and  the  Anger 
adjuster  is  the  only  device  of  its  kind  that 
operates  on  the  brake  rods,  which  is  the 
nearest  point  in  the  brake  equipment  to 
where  the  slack  takes  place. 
The  action  of  the  adjuster  is  as  follows  : — 

In  the  application  of  the  brake,  the  brake  lever  is  drawn  outwards, 
which  causes  the  connecting  rod  to  move  the  casing  in  the  direction 
indicated  by  the  arrows,  fig.  .5.  Should  the  brake  lever  on  the  truck 
be  allowed  to  travel  farther  than  a  certain  point  (owing  to  the  wear 
of  the  shoes),  the  casing  which  carries  the  little  pawl  will  travel  on 
the  ratchet  nut,  the  pawl  engaging  with  it,  and  upon  the  brakes 
being  released  and  the  brake  lever  returning  to  its  normal  off 
position,  the  ratchet  will  be  moved  forward  one  tooth  and  thereby 
tighten   up  on  the  thread  on  the  rod  to  the  amount  of  the  wear 


FiQ.  2.— Sectional  View  of  Scott  Compressor. 


Fig.  3. — Plan  View  op  Axger  Brake  Ad.jcster. 


approaches  almost  to  touching  the  fixed  valve  plate,  so  that  the 
clearance  is  exceedingly  small.  The  inlet  air  passage  is  cast  in 
the  top  of  the  frame,  and  communicates  with  the  interior  of  the 
cylinder  through  inlet  ports  round  the  circumference.  The  upper 
end  of  the  cylinder  is  cooled  by  a  surrounding  water  jacket  con- 
taining a  large  body  of  water.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  momen- 
tum of  the  balls  in  the  piston  valve-plate  tends  to  open  and  close 
the  valves  automatically  at  the  right  moment. 

The  compressors  are  made  of  single  or  double  s*;age  type,  with  one 
to  three  cranks,  and  are  designed  for  driving  directly  or  through 
gearing  by  electric  motors,  as  well  as  by  various  other  means. 
The  air  pressure  is  up  to  100  lb.,  and  the  maximum  capacity 
3,000  ob.  ft.  of  free  air  per  minute, 

An  automatic  pneumatic-electric  control  system  has  been 
developed  for  use  with  these  compressors. 


that  has  caused  this  extra  travel  of  the  brake  lever.  Thus 
whenever  the  slack  increases  so  as  to  allow  the  brake  lever  to 
move  the  casing  a  greater  angular  distance  than  one  tooth,  upon  its 
return  the  slack  is  automatically  taken  up,  and  the  winding  upon 
the  brake  rod  is  always  in  one  direction  ;  the  ratchets  being  connected 
by  a  top  connecting  rod,  both  sides  are  simultaneously  wound  up  in 
one  direction,  and  the  brake  shoes  are  always  kept  the  proper  distance 
from  the  wheels  until  they  are  worn  out. 

It  is  only  necessary  to  press  down  the  thumb-lever,  when  the 
adjuster  becomes  a  simple  nut,  and  unwind  it  with  the  wrench, 
ia  order  to  replace  the  shoes. 

The  threaded  part  of  this  adjuster  is  made  of  best  phosphor 
bronze  to  prevent  jamming  on  the  thread,  and  ensure  perfect 
working  and  freedom  on  the  rods  ;  it  eliminates  the  old  trouble  of 
having  to  replace  rod  ends  by  cutting  them  off  when  the  hand  nuts 


960 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [voi.  72.  No.  i.854,  juke  e,  1913. 


were  corroded  and  jammed  on  the  rod.  This  device  is  at  the  present 
time  in  use  snccessfully  in  over  60  ey stems  in  this  country,  and 
75  other  systems  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  everywhere  we 
Rather  that  it  is  givintr  entire  satisfaction. 

_  The  company's  orders  for  Corporation  systems  at  the  present 
time  include  100  sets  for  Sheffield,  100  for  Birmingham,  and  60  for 
Cardiff,  and  it  has  executed  ita  third  order  for  Manchester 
and  its  second  order  for  Salford.  The  device  is  included  in  the 
new  specifications  for  trucks  for   the   Corporations   of   Sheffield 


On  removing  the  hand  from  the  handle,  the  two  contacts 
referred  to  close  again,  and  the  no  volt  coil  is  shorted  and  the  hub 
is  released  from  the  rim  and  returned  by  a  spring  to  the  "  off  " 
position.  The  starter  is  retained  in  the  "  full  on "  position  by 
destroying  the  short  circuit  across  the  no- volt  coil  when  the  hand 
is  released.     This  is  done  by  introducing  into  one  of  the  leads  from 


Fig.  4.— Axgee  Adjoktek  Applied  to  Standard  Gauge  Truck. 


Fio. 


AxGER  Ratchet  Adjustmk.nt. 


York,  Walthamstow,  Santos,  East  London,  Capetown,  Ayr,  Salford, 
and  many  other  places. 

All  of  the  cars  have  been  recently  equipped  for  the  Preston  and 
Blackpool  Corporation  tramways,  and  these  two  systems  have  placed 
orders  for  their  bogie  trucks  as  well. 

The  "  Rex  "  Totallj-Enclosed  Fuse. 

The  Gesekal  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  67,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  EC,  have  just  introduced  an  enclosed  cartridge  fuse, 
in  which  a  number  of  improvements  have  been  embodied.  It  is 
claimed  for  the  '"  Rex  "  fuse  that  it  is  reliable  in  operation  under 
the  most  severe  conditions  :  fuses  ',f  one  capacity  cannot  be  inserted 
in  bases  designed  for  fuses  of  another  capacity  :  all  metal  parts  are 
entirely  shielded,  rendering  it  impossible  to  touch  any  current- 
carrying   parts  when   inserting   or   removing   the   f  nse ;    and   an 


the  handle  to  the  no-volt  coil  terminal,  a  pair  of  contacts  arranged 
80  as  to  be  open- circuited  by  the  arm  in  the  "  full-on  "  position 
only.  Thus  when  the  arm  is  in  the  "  full-on  "  position,  it  is 
immaterial  whether  the  hand  is  removed  from  the  handle  or  not, 
because  there  is  a  break  introduced  into  the  short-circuiting  circuit 
as  described  above.  The  no-volt  coil  is  also  short-circuited  in  the 
usual  way  by  the  operation  of  the  overload  release. 

The  object  of  the  device  is  to  make  the  gear  automatic  and  quite 
independent  of  the  operator  for  returning  to  the  "  off  "  position, 
either  due  to  overload  or  failure  of  the  supply.  The  operator  is 
not  able  to  leave  the  starter  in  any  intermediate  position,  but  only  in 
the  "  full-on  ''  position.  The  gear  is  also  certain  in  its  action  ;  it 
does  not  rely  entirely  upon  a  strong  magnetic  pull  for  keeping  the 


Fig.  6. — "  Re.\  "  Enclosed  Fuse, 


allowance  is  made  for  blown  fuses  upon  their  r  turn.  The  fuse 
can  readily  be  fitted  on  exifting  fufeboardswith  the  ordinary  2J-in. 
break,  and  it  meets  the  requirementsof  the  Home  Office  and  Supply 
Authorities.  An  indicator  thows  clearly  whtn  the  fute  has 
blown. 

Slow-Motion  Starling  Gear. 

Messrs.  H.  T.  Booth royd.  Ltd.,  of  Bnotle,  have  brought  out  a 
Blow-motion  gear  for  operating  electric  starters  and  the  like  (fig.  7). 
It  consists  of  a  special  worm  and  wheel  device  arranged  to  be  double 
automatic  in  any  position  of  the  starter  arm,  and  also  arranged  to 
that  the  arm  cannot  be  moved  until  the  ni»in  switch  is  closed,  or 
left  in  any  position  oth'r  than  the  "fu'l  on  "  position. 

Toe  arm  is  fixed  t)  the  hub  of  the  worm  wheel,  whilst  the  rim 
of  the  whe»-l  is  lo  >»e  •  n  the  hub,  iir.d  the  worm  csn  firive  the  rim 
round  the  hub  «>  1  ng  a-  tlif-rn  ii.  r.n  i: 'nrie'-iion  betwftn  the  two. 
The  connection  i-  pr-.vi  IkI  by  a  cf>il— the  lo-vnlt  coil — which  is 
energi!<t-d  in  the  usual  way.  an-I  »hi<-h  ojieratps  an  armature 
carrying  a  trgerle  and  piwl,  the  '»tter  engairini.'  with  teeth  cant 
on  the  in-ide  rim  of  the  loope  wc  rm  wheel.  The  worm  handle 
c&Triei  two  contacts  connected  to  the  terminals  of  the  no- volt  coil, 
and  these  contacts  are  closed  (thereby  short-circuiting  the  coil) 
nntil  they  are  opened  by  pressure  of  the  hand  on  the  turning 
handle,  thus  removing  the  short  oircuit,  and  so  allowing  the  coil 
to  be  energised,  and  the  hub  of  the  worm  wheel  to  be  picked  up 
by  the  rim  clutch. 


Fig.  7. 


-Boothhotd  Slow  moti'  . 
Woollisceoft  Liquid 


MAKTtU. 


catch  in  position,  as  this  is  accomplished  by  a  toggle  arrangement, 
which  ri  quires  very  little  magnetic  energy  to  retain  the  pawl  in 
action,  and  thus  it  is  able  to  use  a  very  email  no-volt  coil,  which  is 
usually  not  in  service  with  the  field  circuit.  Also,  with  this  type 
of  gear  the  operator  is  able  to  rotate  the  switch  to  the  "full-on  " 
position,  or  bring  it  from  the  "  fuUon  "  position  gradually  to  the 
"  off  "  position,  which  is  very  ufeful  for  slowing-down  motors  for 
putting  on  belts,  kc,  when  it  ii<  not  required  to  stop  the  machine 
entirely.  The  worm  and  worm-gear  are  always  in  mesh,  and  one 
hand  only  is  r»qnir(-d  for  operating  the  starting  gear. 

Low-Water  Alarm  and  Feed  Regnlator. 

Messrs.  0.  Ellefsen  &  Co.,  of  26a.  Silver  Street,  Bradford, 
have  brought  out  a  T^ew  patent  low-water  alarm  and  feed  regulator 
of  very  ingenious  design. 

A  copper  tube  i-  attached  to  the  boiler  shell,  projecting  into  the 
interior,  and  carries  at  the  further  end  a  levf-r  at  right-angles  to  its 
axis.  The  lever  carries  at  one  end  a  bucket,  and  at  the  other  a 
counter-weight.  The  inner  end  of  the  tubii  is  closed,  and  Ifl 
supported  by  a  sling  from  the  bjiler  shell.  Within  the  tube  is  a 
steel  rod,  fastened  to  the  inner  end  and  projecting  through  the 
boiler  shell  at  the  base  of  the  tabe  ;  the  free  end  of  the  rod  carriei 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,851,  ,Ii;nk  <;,   l!)!.'!.] 


THE  i<;lf,ctri(Jal  liEvn^w. 


901 


part  of  a  Hwilch,  which  cIofch  an  olrctrio  circuit  when  tho  rod 
rotates. 

The  bucket  iti  open  at  tho  top,  and  in  normally  ininiemed  in  tho 
water  ;  when  tho  level  of  tho  water  falln,  tho  woi(^ht  of  the  full 
bucket  at  the  end  of  tho  lover  oxertH  atonjuc  upon  tho  end  of  the 
tube,  which  in  thus  slightly  twisted,  and  the  Mteol  rod  within  it 
actuates  the  switch,  closing  the  circuit  and  rintrinir  a  bell,  or  by 
means  of  a  relay  startinfr  a  motor  which  drives  tho  fpcd  pump. 
When  the  water  is  restored  to  the  proper  level  the  circuit  is 
broken. 

The  system  presents  the  advantat'cs  that  tho  inside  of  the  boiler 
is  completely  sealed  ;  there  are  no  slidinir  or  rotatinpr  joint?,  which 
are  apt  to  stick  or  leak,  and  at  the  best  offer  a  f^reat  deal  of 
friction  ;  and  the  movement  is  obtained  through  the  flexibility  of 


Fig.  8.— Electric  Low-wateb  Al.\bm. 


a  tube,  which  is  not  likely  to  vary  with  time.  There  is  no 
electrical  connection  to  the  boiler.  The  apparatus  can  be  employed 
to  start  a  steam  pump,  or  to  operate  the  feed  valve  if  several 
boilers  are  fed  from  the  same  pump.  It  is,  of  course,  applicable  to 
other  vessels  besides  boilers. 

Ynlcanwax. 

A  new  wax  for  insulating  and  impregnatinpr  cables  and  wires  has 
been  introduced  by  Messes.  Wekths  A:  Co,  of  41,  Aldersgfate 
Street,  E.G.,  under  the  above  title.  It  is  a  rubber-like  product, 
highly  resistant  to  weather  and  to  water,  acids,  A;c.,  with  a  high 
electrical  resistance,  and  can  be  vulcanised.  It  can  be  melted, 
becoming  fluid  at  75°  C,  for  impregnating  braiding,  \c.,  and  forms 
a  smooth  coaticg  on  the  cable,  which  is  not  sticky  in  hot  weather 
or  brittle  in  winter,  nor  does  it  smear  when  handled. 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Royal  Institution  Discourse  and  Exiiibition. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Royal  Institution,  on  May  23rd,  Prof.  S.  P. 
Thompson  delivered  an  interesting  discourse  on  "  The  Secret  of  the 
Permanent  Magnet.''  The  lecturer  remarked  that  artificial  magnets 
had  long  since  replaced  the  lodestone  for  practical  purposes  but, 
although  it  was  known  before  the  Christian  era  that  iron  was  mag- 
netic and  could  be  magnetised,  it  was  even  to-day  unknown  why 
iron  and  steel  could  be  magnetised  to  so  much  greater  an  extent 
than  any  other  materials.  Much  progress  had  been  made,  however, 
during  recent  years,  in  elucidating  the  actual  process  of  magnetis- 
ing iron,  and  in  determining  the  conditicns  essential  to  the 
manufacture  of  a  good  permanent  magnet.  About  150  years  ago, 
many  English  investigators  were  engaged  in  magnetic  researches 
and  English  magnets  had  a  world-wide  reputation.  Unfortu- 
nately, much  of  our  prestige  in  this  field  had  been  lost,  and  the 
further  study  of  the  causes  of  permanence  in  magnets  was  un- 
doubtedly a  legitimate  commercial  and  scientific  problem,  to 
which  greater  attention  should  be  paid  in  this  country. 

By  breaking  up  and  testing  the  fragments  of  a  hack  saw  and  by 
the  well-known  tube-of-filings  experiment,  the  lectarer  justified  the 
hypothesis  that  magnetisation  depended  on  the  orientation  of  the 
particles  of  the  material  concerned.  The  sound  of  a  bar  being 
magnetised  and  demagnetised  was  clearly  heard  all  over  the  audi- 
torium :  the  increasing  length  of  an  iron  bar  when  magnetised  was 
demonstrated  simply  and  effectively,  and  the  orientation  of  the 
particles  in  an  emulsion  of  lodestone,  when  subjected  to  a  mag- 
netising field,  was  beautifully  illustrated  by  showing  that  light 
could  then  pass  through  the  "cohered"  emulsion,  parallel  to  the 
direction  of  magnetisation  of  the  suspended  particles. 

The  genesis  of  the  hysteresis  loop  was  explained,  and  Dr. 
Thompson  showed  that  from  the  magnet-maker's  standpoint,  the 
important  section  of  the  curve  was  that  reproduced  in  fig.  1  here- 
with, in  which  O  R  was  a  measure  of  the  remanent  magnetism,  i  e., 
of  the  retentivity  of  the  iron,  while  o  c  expressed  the  coercivity 
or  fixidity  of  the  magnetisation.  Madame  Curie  had  found  that 
0'06  per  cent,  and  1'2  per  cent,  carbon  steels  had  roughly  equal 
retentivity,  but  the  coercivity  was  negligible  in  the  former  and 
high  in  the  latter  case.  The  famous  AUevard  (Savoy)  steel — 
made  from  a  material  which  was  no  good  as  iron — was  known  to  be  a 
splendid  magnet  material  for  years  before  the  cause  was  determined. 
Analysis  showed  that  this  steel  contained  o'.")  per  cent,  tungsten,  and 
it  had  since  been  discovered  that  tungsten,  vanadium,  molybdenum, 
nickel  and  chromium  all  gave  magnetically  valuable  alloy  steels. 
Manganese  steel,  on  the  other  hand,  was  practically  non-magnetic. 


At  the  profont  time,  a  romanonceof  HOO-'JOO  and  a  nzidlty  of  .'O-tiO 
in  carbon  and  70-fiii  in  Rpecial  nta-U  could  be  obtained,  and  the 
lecturer  believod  that  the  time  would  itoon  come  when  hin  lde*I 
magnet  iron,  with  a  romanence  of  1,000  and  a  flzirlity  of  IW, 
would  be  manufactured  commercially.  The  iwIf-dema((nctiiiatioii 
cocdlcicnt  of  a  magnet  could  bo  exproHWid  by  the  angle  a,  flif.  1, 
the  height  i)  P  roproHonting  tho  actual  'pornisnent  '  rct<:ntivity  of 
the  material.  By  dcmagnetiHing  the  hteel  somewhat  ffrom  v  to  M, 
fig.  1),  the  retentivity  would  bo  reduced  to  K  <,(,  but  the  flzldity 
would  bo  incroBHod  to  E  (;,  hence  the  ''lotting  down"  by 
prolonged  "  seasoning  '  of  magnets  in  ntcam  or  boiling  water  wan 
to  be  recommended  strongly.  Inspection  of  their  hyntoroHiH  loops 
showed  that  Kemy  steel  was  bent  for  short  and  Bohlor  «tcel  iKjHt  for 
long  or  nearly  closed  magnots.  The  form  of  magnet  most  favoar- 
able  to  permanence  was  the  horseshoe  with  closely  adjacent  poles. 
Lantern  slides  showing  micro-photographs  of  etched  steel  aections 


Fig.  1. 


were  exhibited,  and  it  was  explained  that  a  fine  granular  structure 
was  best  for  permanent  magnets  (as  would  be  expected  from 
Ewing's  hypothesis).  Summarised,  the  secrets  of  making  good 
permanent  magnets  were  : — The  use  of  tungsten  pteel  :  the  shaping 
of  the  metal  to  a  nearly  closed  magnetic  circuit  ;  the  forging  of  the 
metal  at  as  low  a  temperature  as  possible  ;  the  heating  of  the  steel 
above  the  temperature  of  retaleacence  ;  its  quenching  while  in  the 
non-raagnotic  state  ;  and  finally  the  prolonged  seasoning  of  the 
magnetised  metal.  The  actual  magnetisation  was  the  least  im- 
portant of  all  the  operations  involved.  The  great  problem  yet  to 
be  solved  was  why  iron  and  steel  could  be  magnetised  at  all. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  lecture,  the  working  of  Poulsen's  tele- 
graphone  was  demonstrated.  Among  the  exhibits  in  the  library, 
Messrs,  R.  Paul  showed  a  wide  range  of  "  Unipivot  '  instru- 
ments, for  simple  electrical  measurements,  insulation  and  bridge 
testa  or  use  in  conjunction  with  thermc-souples,  as  well  as  Camp- 
bell's vibration  and  bililar  galvanometers  and  an  inductometer 
bridge  and  other  instruments,  Messrs.  Everett,  Edgcumbe 
exhibited  portable  photometers,  a  reverse  .i.e.  relay  ;  power 
factor  and  frequency  meters  ;  charge  and  phase  indicators.  The 
phase  indicator,  comprising  essentially  a  small  three-phase  motor, 
is  most  useful  in  avoiding  incorrect  connections  in  phase  meters, 
&c.,  where  the  sequence  of  the  phase  connections  is  important. 
Messrs.  George  Cufsons  &  Son  showed  a  novel  form  of  Atwood's 
machine  and  other  interesting  mechanical  apparatus,  and  Dr.  \V. 
Rosenhain  exhibited  some  fine  etched  steel  sections,  A  number  of 
firms  showed  permanent  magnets  of  all  kinds.  The  Cambridge 
Scientific  Instrument  Co.  exhibited  the  Grassot  fluxmeter  and 
search  coils,  and  Mr.  F.  ,T.  Mudford  illustrated  the  practical  appli- 
cation of  the  magnetic  method  of  determicing  hardening  tem- 
peratures for  steel.  TheCOa  Thermoscrpe,  shown  by  the  Underfeed 
Stoker  Co.  should  do  much  to  popularise  flue  gas  analysis  and  the 
scientific  control  of  boiler  working. 


Prices  Charged  for  Electric  Power. 

By  Sidney  Simpson,  A.M.I.E.E. 

(.Abstract  of  paper  read  lefore.    the  INSTITUTION   OF   Electrical 
Engineers,  at  Leedx  and  ShefiieJd,  April,  1913.) 

The  position  of  an  undertaking  from  the  commercial  standpoint 
is  gauged  by  the  balance  available  after  meeting  all  debts  and 
liabilities  in  respect  of  capital  expenditure,  working  expenses  and 
depreciation. 

A  review  of  the  returns  of  many  electrical  supply  undertakings 
throughout  the  country  would  indicate  that  in  comparison  with 
most  industries  an  adequate  and  true  profit  on  capital  invested  is 
not  being  made. 

Whether  the  working  capital  be  obtained  in  the  form  of  a  loan, 
to  be  repaid  with  interest  within  a  fixed  number  of  years,  or  from 
the  issue  of  debenture  stock,  mortgages,  preference  and  ordinary 
shares,  when  the  time  arrives  that  the  plant,  mains,  buildings  and 
apparatus  require  renewal,  or  have  ceased  to  have  an  economical 
productive  value,  then  the  loan  covering  this  amount  or  the 
capital  originally  expended  should  have  been  redeemed,  and 
interest  on  outstanding  money  paid  annually  out  of  the  receipts 
from  the  undertakicg. 

Of  the  loan  repayment  and  depreciation  periods,  whichever  be 
the  shorter  period,  this  liability  should  be  met  by  an  annual  charge 
on  the  undertaking  before  any  true  profits  can  be  taken  out  of  the 


962 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ilE\iJE-«V 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,854,  June  6,  1913. 


businees.  Unless  adequate  provision  is  made,  a  time  must  arrive 
when,  owinp  to  some  of  the  plant,  mains  and  apparatus  havinpr 
Income  wholly  obsolete,  an  amount  will  have  to  be  debited  to 
profit  and  loss  account,  which  should  in  strictness  have  been  borne 
by  previous  years. 

There  is  the  certainty  of  deterioration,  and  always  the  risk  of 
obsolescence,  even  though  kept  in  prood  repair.  The  estimate  of 
the  period  of  useful  life  therefore  can  only,  after  all,  be  an  estimate. 
Very  seldom  does  plant,  \c..  wear  out  or  become  obsolete  exactly  in 
the  way  anticipated. 

The  method  of  dealing  with  depreciation  in  which  a  fixed  per- 
centagre  is  taken  annually  out  of  receipts  to  write  x>ff  the  original 
outlay  within  a  fixed  period,  paying  at  the  same  time  interest  on 
the  outstanding  amount,  appears  to  be  the  soundest  method  ; 
repairs  and  renewals  as  necessary  being  made  a  separate  charge 
to  revenue  accounts.  An  average  depreciation  or  writting-oflf  of 
the  capital  account  within  1.5  years  should  be  allowed  for. 

An  analysis  is  made  of  the  published  returns  for  the  year 
ending  March,  1!U2,  and  appearing  in  the  F.lecfneal  Tuiir.<.  This 
is  divided  as  follows  :— Table  A.,  covering  21  local  authorities  of 
more  than  15  years'  working.  Table  B,  covering  33  local 
authorities  of  l.i  years  or  less  working  :  each  with  2.000  kw.  or 
more  of  plant,  and  with  total  capital  costs  per  kw.  of  plant,  £60 
or  less. 

The  amortisation  of  the  capital  account  on  a  15-year  basis  to 
hear  3}  per  cent,  interest  on  outstanding  principal  is  taken  as  an 
annual  charge  per  £  100  of  capital  expended  of  £'.»  Hs.  This  figure 
covers  depreciation  and  minimum  interest,  to  this  amount  must, 
therefore,  be  added  working  expenses,  set  against  revenue  account 
before  contingencies  and  true  profit  can  be  arrived  at. 

On  this  basis  the  results,  as  summarised  below,  are  most  unsatis- 
factory. However,  since  a  few  undertakings  show  a  substantial 
profit,  the  soundness  of  the  basis  taken  is,  1  think,  confirmed  ; — 

From  Table  A.     From  TahU  B. 

Years  working         16  to  28  years  7  to  15  years 

Total  capital  cost  per  KW £4875  £42 

Per  cent,  revenue  to  capital          ...  14'6  %  16  /o 

Working  costs  per  cent,  of  revenue  45  %  53"8  ^ 

Load   factor  (based   on  maximum  11'65  %  to  13"9  %  to 

demand).  2516  %  29-4  % 

Standing  charge  per  unit  sold      ...  ■.S23d.  ■663d. 

Works  cost  per  unit  sold -eud.  '(iend. 

Total  net  production  costs  per  unit  r44d.  l'328d. 

sold. 

Average  price  obtained       l'375d.  r23d. 

Present  loss  per  unit          "Oesd.  ^^f^', 

Loss  as  %  of  revenue         4 '75  %  8'05  % 

A  consideration  of  these  results  indicates  that  an  increase  in  price 
is  necessary  to  bring  about  financial  stability. 

The  tariffs  as  set  forward  below  would  appear  to  meet  the 
respective  cases,  and  to  form  the  basis  of  a  scale  of  charges  which 
wbuid  meet  the  capital  and  working  costs  involved.  The  questions 
of  contingencies  and  profit  are  eliminated. 

Table  ^.— Total  capital  cost  per  kw.  =  X4875.  This  written  off 
in  15  years  at  3J  per  cent,  interest  =  £4'27  as  a  standing  charge 
per  annum  per  KW.  of  plant  in  commission — i.e.,  .£6"05  as  a  standing 
charge  per  kw.  of  plant  installed.  Th"  average  works  costs  = 
■617d.  per  unit  sold,  and  assume  this  on  20  per  cent,  load  factor  of 
station  plant. 

We  then  have  :— Standing  charge  £605  per  kw.  of  maximum 
demand  +  works  costs  per  unit  sold,  based  on  load  factor  of  use  of 
supply,  or  : — 

Per  unit. 
For  2ii  %  load  factor  supply  use,a  charge  =     '823  -H  '617  =  l'44d. 
10  %  „  =  1T.46  +  -812  =  2-458d. 

",     40  %         "  ',',  ,.  ■=  ■•1165  -f  -447  =  •S635d. 

Tahle  J?  —Total  capital  cost  per  kw.  =  £4875.  This  written  off 
in  15  years  at  3J  per  cent,  interest  =£3'65  as  standing  charge  pr 
annum  per  KW.  of  plant  in  commission— i.e.,  £4'85  as  standing 
charge  per  kw.  of  plant  installed. 

The  average  works  costs'  =  "GCSd.  per  unit  sold. 

We  then   have  :— Standing  charge   ■i;4'85  per  KW.  of  maximum 

demand  -I-  works  costs  per  unit  sold,  based  on  load  factor  of  use  of 

supply,  or  :— 

"^  Per  unit. 

For  20  %  load  factor  supply  use  a  charge  =     ■6()3  +  "665  --  l"328d. 

10  °  ■  „  =  r326  -f  -845  =  2171d. 

'!     40%         ,'  „  -,  -  -3315  +  -482  =  ■8135d. 

Present  prices  charged  for  supply  of  load  factors  up  to  }o  per 
cent,  are,  generally  speaking,  remunerative,  and  the  icsses  are  made 
on  the  supply  at  higher  load  factors— in  other  words,  on  the  in- 
dustrial power  supply.  Unless  the  charge  be  based  on  these  lines 
all  round  equity  is  not  obtained,  and  the  tariff  on  these  lines 
appears  to  be  the  only  basis  on  which  capital  expenditure  is 
justified. 

It  is  suggested  that  accounts  should  be  subject  to  revision— say, 
annually— with  regard  to  the  following  points  effecting  the 
tariff  :— 

/>iirr/ii/y.— This  factor  varies  from  time  to  time,  being  greater, 
the  greater  the  variety  of  industries  served. 

J'oirir  Factor  of  Load-^The  effect  of  low  power  factor  to  choke 
t*e  revenue-bearing  property  of  the  capital  outlay.  In  order  that 
the  importance  of  this  fact  may  be  brought  to  the  notice  of  the 
consumer,  it  is  necessary  that  he  should  contribute  his  proportv"-* 
of  the  extra  charges  involved. 


A  minimum  payment  equivalent  to  half  the  estimated  total 
revenue  should  be  enforced  in  order  that  the  tariff  shall  be  equit- 
able. Not  only  is  it  necessary  to  cover  the  standing  charges  of  the 
plant,  but  the  establishment  charges  have  to  be  met  whether  units 
be  taken  or  not. 

The  eiBciency  of  consumers'  working  capital  and  the  result  of 
putting  money  saved  on  power  plant  down  in  productive  machinery 
does  not  appear  to  have  had  the  proper  consideration  and  use  as  a 
very  real  argument,  that  it  might  have  had. 

Whereas  £100,  if  put  into  the  power  plant  yields  5  per  cent, 
interest,  if  put  into  the  business  instead,  for  productive  plant,  it 
yields  5  per  cent,  and  7  per  cent. 

The  inherent  advantages  of  the  electric  drive  are  becoming  more 
and  more  realised,  and  it  is  up  to  the  supply  undertakings  to  insist 
on  them  when  negotiating  business. 


Discussion  at  Leeds. 

Mb.  T.  Roles  said  that  no  doubt  the  author  had  based  his  figures 
on  a  general  principle  of  all-round  equity  to  all  types  of  con- 
sumers, but  he  (Mr.  Roles)  held  that  it  was  impossible  to  get  that. 
The  only  basis  upon  which  they  could  hope  to  run  a  supply  under- 
taking was  in  a  general  way  to  aim  at  charging  every  class  of 
consumer  at  a  price  somewhere  in  the  near  neighbourhood  of  the 
cost  at  which  he  could,  in  the  alternative,  supply  himself.  If  they 
wanted  to  get  a  large  power  user,  they  would  probably  have  to 
charge  him  in  the  neighbourhood  of  iJd.  or  'id.  :  and  in  his 
judgment  it  was  absolutely  necessary  to  get  the  large  power  user. 
If  the  amount  of  returns  irom  a  mill  was  sufficient  to  pay  the 
capital  charges  on  a  main  and  transformer  station,  they  could 
make  their  profit  on  the  lighting  consumers. 

Mr.  H.  H.  Weight  was  inclined  to  agree  with  Mr.  Simpson  that 
where  profits  had  been  made  at  all  they  had  been  made  on  the 
small  consumers,  and  he  contended  that  the  losses  which  were 
recorded  by  Mr.  Simpson  were  due  to  the  low  prices  charged  to  the 
larger  consumers.  The  actual  cost  of  driving  a  weaving  mill*with 
steam,  including  everything  that  ought  by  any  possibility  to  be  taken 
into  account,  was  I83.  In 3.  per  loom  per  year  of  2,73(i  hours,  or  4jd. 
per  week.  Upon  a  carefully  prepared  estimate  of  the  cost  of 
electric  driving  he  arrived  at  a  cost  of  oOs.  per  loom  per  year,  or  Is. 
per  week. 

Dh.  R.  Pohl  said  bethought  there  must  be  fundamental  mistakes 
at  the  bottom  of  both  the  author's  and  Mr.  Wright's  conclusions. 
Mr.  Wright  had  assumed  the  maintenance  of  the  maximum  load 
right  through,  whereas  he  thought  the  average  load  would  be  con- 
siderably less.  In  the  second  place,  if  they  had  a  shed  of  about 
100  looms  those  would  not  all  be  running  at  the  same  time.  There 
would  be  a  diversity  factor  that  might  be  anything  between  r,0  and  76 
per  cent.,  and  that  had  not  been  taken  into  account.  Mr.  Simpson's 
mistake  seemed  to  lie  in  the  standing  charge  per  unit  sold,  which 
Mr.  Simpson  calculated  at  a  depreciation  rate  which  wiped  out 
all  the  capital  in  15  years,  and  which  at  the  same  time  included 
3i  per  cent,  on  the  capital  standing  in  the  books  at  any  given 
time.  Surely  they  did  not  propose  to  depreciate  the  entire 
site  value  in  1.")  years  :  the  greater  probability  was  that 
the  site  value  would  appreciate.  Fifteen  years  might  be  all 
right  for  the  life  of  generating  plant,  but  the  depre- 
ciation was  surely  altogether  excessive  on  buildings  and  mains, 
the  latter  of  which  accounted  for  quite  .jO  per  cent,  of  the  capital 
as  a  rule.  Altogether,  he  considered  that  th?  figures  for  standing 
charges  were  quite  excessive,  and  that  was  sufficient  to  explain  the 
extraordinary  result  according  to  which  practically  every  central 
station  in  the  kingdom  was  losing  money  continually.  If  they 
were  to  accept  Mr.  Simpson's  suggestions  as  to  charge  for  maximum 
demand,  they  would  not  get  a  single  power  consumer,  and  would, 
in  effect,  be  definitely  declaring  themselves  bankrupt.  He  agreed 
with  Mr.  Simpson  that,  to  a  large  extent,  they  made  the  lighting 
consumer  pay  for  the  large  power  consumer,  and  that  was  the 
way  in  which  the  supply  authorities  managed  to  make  a  profit,  as 
he  contended  they  did.  Instead  of  increase  of  prices,  he  would 
suggest  a  very  considerable  reduction  of  the  lighting  rates,  so  that 
the  cooking  and  heating  load  would  increase  rapidly,  as  well  as  the 
lighting  load.  He  fully  believed  that,  if  they  took  their  courage  in 
both  hands  in  that  matter,  the  demand  would  increase  at  such  a 
rate  that  there  would  be  no  risk  of  having  to  increase  power 
charges. 

]\IK.  E.  S  Ravnkr  said  he  was  anxious  for  information  as  to  how 
to  tackle  the  power  load  question,  because  Doncaster  was  now  a 
centre  of  very  rapid  development,  and  he  did  not  see  how  it  was  to 
be  done  satisfactorily.  How  could  they  compete  with  a  firm 
putting  down  their  own  plant  in  the  case  of  a  place  which 
wanted  1,000,000  or  2.000,000  units  per  annum  .' 

Mi(.  ScHoriEi-D  agreed  with  Mr.  Simpson's  figures.  He  thought 
that  Mr.  Wright  had  made  a  mistake  somewhere  in  his  cost  of 
electric  drive  in  a  weaving  shed,  because  a  loom  of  the  kind  referred 
to  had  been  found  by  actual  tests  to  consume  about  10  units  per 
week,  and  at  a  Jd.  per  unit,  that  was  only  5d.  instead  of  a  Is. 

Mu.  .1.  C.  B.  iNGLEiiY  said  he  was  particularly  struck  with  the 
low  revenue  of  the  supply  authorities,  compared  with  the  amount 
of  capital  embarked.  Any  business  should,  surely,  at  least  turn 
over  its  capital  once  a  year.  The  only  way  to  do  this  was  to 
increase  the  load-factor,  and  reduce  the  capital  costs,  and  not  touch 
the  prices  at  all,  or,  if  anything,  reduce  them. 

Mu.  H.  Bhown  agreed  that  any  increase  of  prices  would  be  very 
diflioult,  and  thought  that  the  only  thing  to  do  was  to  increase  the 
load  factor,  and  keep  prices  as  they  were. 

Mu.  Si.Mi'HON,  in  reply,  defended  his  theory  of  charging  the 
various  classes  of  consumers  on  principles  of  equity,  and  argued 
the  matter  out,  at  some  length,  with  Mr,  Roles. 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,85i,  Jknu  6,  1918.] 


THE    KLKCTIOCAL    KKVIKW, 


{J<;8 


DlHOlJSSION    AT   SlIKri'IlCMi. 

Mk.  II.  K.  YniuiiniY  objiictod  thiit  tlm  nulhorV  period  of  K, 
years  for  rcimyincnt  of  oapital  wa»  too  nfiort,  and  did  not  bear  n 
oorroct  relation  to  actual  ex|)cricii(;o.  In  their  la^tt  rarliaraeiitary 
Bill  in  Shelllold,  for  inntance,  they  obtaine<l  a  20  years'  pc^riod  for 
power  HtatioHH  and  cablen.  Tho  really  (quitable  method  of 
charifinp;  appeared  to  him  to  be  for  eaeh  conHiimer  to  |iay  n  Hufli- 
cient  Huni  to  cover  standinj,'  charjjeH  on  tho  ))lant  re(iuired  for  hiB 
purpoHOH,  phiB  a  charKo  based  on  works  cost  and  a  reasonable  i)er- 
centauo  of  i)rolit.  Then  as  tho  ontput  for  any  station  increased 
the  customers  would  (j-et  the  benefit  of  tho  increase  by  way  of  tho 
lowering-  of  the  proportion  of  the  works  costs  charjfed.  The 
great  difficulty  about  the  proposition  for  an  increase  of  prices  was 
that  in  proportion  as  these  were  put  up  inducements  would  be 
offered  to  manufacturers  to  install  their  own  generatintf  plant. 
Low-priced  energy  was  one  of  the  means  of  attracting  new  under- 
takings to  a  city  for  the  benefit  of  tho  ratepayers. 

Mu.  II.  A.  \li\lLl,K  said  that  if  Mr.  Simi)son'B  l.'i  years'  pro- 
position meant  that  he  would  equate  all  loans  and  pay  them  out  in 
15  years,  he  could  not  agree  to  it  at  all.  The  principle  of  equated 
loans  seemed  to  him  to  be  absolutely  wrong.  The  only  tquitable 
basis  for  repayment  of  loans  was  to  take  each  section  of  the  works 
and  plant  at  its  own  determined  life  or  at  a  reasonable  estimate  of 
its  life,  and  reckon  a  varied  period  of  repayment  for  each  section. 
He  differed  from  Mr.  Simpson  in  regard  to  his  suggestion  that  the 
lighting  consumer  was  being  charged  a  high  price  in  order  to 
make  up  for  the  low  price  charged  for  power.  When  they  took 
into  consideration  the  load  factors,  it  was  easily  seen  that  the  long- 
hour  consumer  at  alow  price  was  a  much  more  profitable  consumer 
than  the  short-hour  consumer  at  a  high  price. 

Mk.  W.  N.  Y.  Kino  also  defended  the  position  of  the  larger  con- 
sumers who,  he  thought,  ought  to  be  credited  with  a  good  deal  of 
the  economy  on  the  running  costs,  as  well  as  on  the  capital  costs, 
and  he  agreed  with  Mr.  Yerbury  that  in  municipal  supply  there 
should  be  no  question  of  profit,  but  merely  a  desire  to  produce 
energy  as  cheaply  as  possible  in  order  to  assist  and  stimulate  pro- 
ductive industries. 

Mr.  J.  C.  B.  Inglhby  urged  the  importance  of  cuttin'g'  down 
capital  expenditure,  and  said  he  thought  that  the  most  expedient 
way  to  do  that  would  be  by  having  rather  less  expensive  buildings 
and  a  more  economical  management  of  the  laying  of  mains.  If 
thry  could  reduce  the  capital  expenditure  by  a  reasonable  amount 
mo3t  of  the  undertakings  dealt  with  in  Mr.  Simpson's  tables  would 
be  made  to  show  a  working  profit.  They  could  not,  in  his  opinion, 
increase  the  charges  for  electricity. 

Mk.  E.  J.  Marsh  pointed  out  that  in  Sheffield  they  had  to  com- 
pete with  gas  supplied  at  lid.  per  1,000,  which,  of  course,  meant  a 
very  low  power  figure.  He  thought,  too,  that  a  mistake  was  made 
in  having  too  many  systems  of  charging  for  electricity.  A  simple 
system  was  what  the  consumer  required.  If  he  had  the  choice  of 
30  different  systems  he  would  never  be  satisfied  that  he  had  selected 
the  right  system  for  himself. 

Mr.  Schofield  said  he  entirely  agreed  with  the  wisdom  of  the 
15  years'  period  for  repayment,  and  thought  that  they  should  con- 
sider, not  60  much  what  they  could  get  in  the  way  of  prices,  as 
what  was  profitable. 

Mr.  W.  E.  Burnand  said  that  in  regard  to  capital  expenditure, 
he  was  always  struck  by  the  very  large  amount  of  plant  that  had 
to  be  kept  up  for  the  sake  of  a  load  which  only  came  on  for  a  very 
few  hours  in  the  year.  This  plant  was  really  out  of  all  proportion  to 
the  amount  of  income  from  it.  In  Sheffield  the  spare  plant  to 
meet  the  needs  of  a  peak  load,  which  was  used  not  more  than  five 
hours  a  year,  represented  8,000  kw. 

The  Chairman  (Mr.  W.  B.  Woodhouse)  said  he  was  afraid  there 
was  only  one  ideal  system  of  charging,  and  that  was  on  the  simple 
principle  of  the  highwayman  who  demanded  :  "  How  much  money 
have  you  got .'  " 

Mr.  Simpson,  reverting  to  the  Leeds  discussion,  held  that  the 
final  effect  of  Mr.  Wright's  contrast  of  steam  and  electric  driving 
costs  was  that  by  the  use  of  electricity  in  such  a  case  £4,800 
would  be  saved  on  capital  account,  and  with  that  money  the  manu- 
facturers would  be  able  to  put  in  ItiO  more  looms,  and  that  meant 
?n  increase  of  profit  of  about  £760  per  annum,  in  addition  to 
which  there  must  be  considered  the  additional  advantages  of  the 
speeding-up  of  the  drive  and  the  extra  output,  which  would  result 
from  the  steadier  running.  As  to  his  \o  years"  period,  he  adopted 
it  as  a  conservative  figure,  which  was  hardly  likely  to  be  on  the 
wrong  side,  though  time  alone  would  show  that.  As  to  his  grading 
of  the  tariff,  unless  it  was  done  on  some  such  lines,  they  could  not 
justify  capital  expenditure.  There  was  this  to  be  remembered  in 
regard  to  the  loan  period,  that  whatever  the  loan  periods  were  it 
was  the  actual  life  of  the  plant  which  determined  the  soundness 
or  unsoundness  of  the  depreciation  basis. 


Recent  Developments  in  the  Street  Lighting  of 
Manchester. 

By  S.  L.  Pbauce,  M.I.E.E.,  and  H.  A.  Ratclifpe,  M.I.E.E. 

{For  iihxtriict  of  I'ajH'r  read  hrfore  the  INSTITUTION  OF  Electrical 
Engineeks,  see  our  i.iisiie  of  March  2l!it,  1913.) 

Discussion  at  Glasgow. 

Mr.  R.  D.  Mitchell  (Glasgow)  said  the  authors  referred  to 
lowering  gears  rather  to  their  detriment.  He,  personally, 
emphatically  endorsed  the  conclusion  come  to  at  the  recent  London 
conference,  that  lowering  gear  made  a  great  saving.  In  Glasgow 
they  had   not  only  gone  in   for  flame  lamps  with  lowering  gear. 


but  for  mairnetioally  operated  HwitohM  with  control  from  a  ccntrsl 
point.     Where   flame   an;  lampn  were  *uUtltut«d  for  ordinary  arc 

liinipe,  it  was  iilmoHt  neciMmry  to  adf)[)t  thine  appliuriccx  owinif  to 
the  greatly  increui-ed  cont  of  curbonM  with  llame  lainjw.  J^oiiomim 
had  to  bo  got  in  other  dirictionK,  ho  that  the  tot«l  cost  iiiiifht  Wil  U; 
seriouHly  affected.  Lighting  aulhoritien  in  general  were  quite 
willing  to  accept  the  greotly  inereoiwd  illumination  but  th«y  were 
not  willing  to  pay  more  ut  any  rate,  not  v»ry  mui:h  more-  for  the 
change.  It  wan  by  automatic  Hwituhing,  long-honr  lainpH  and 
lowering  gear  that  these  economlcH  might  be  c-lfectci.  In  Ola-gow 
they  had  H.')7  arc  lamjiH  now.  nearly  all  flame  arc  lampH,  and  they 
were  busy  fitting  the  last  100  lowering  gearK.  Wlicn  the  eleotrio 
control  was  first  put  into  use,  the  trimmint'  «talf  numl<erfd  2'i 
m(;n.  This  change  enabled  them  to  reduce  the  number  to  11.  With 
the  long-hour  magazine  lamps  and  lowering  g(;ur,  a  further  redac- 
tion to  four  regular  men  and  one  npare  man  would  be  brought 
about.  Each  man  attended  to  t;2  lamps  per  day  and  no  .Sunday 
work  was  nececsary.  In  the  summer,  out  of  the  four  men.  two 
could  be  taken  off  the  lamps  to  do  overhauling  in  the  shop.  The 
switching  was  done  by  the  inspectors,  who,  after  switching  on.  ott 
out  on  bicycles  to  do  their  rounds,  each  taking  one-half 
of  the  city.  All  the  lamps  were  switched  on  in  five  minuteB. 
He  considered  that  in  connection  with  any  new  schemp  of  street 
arc  lighting  electric  control  should  he  taken  into  account.  The 
control  cable  was  laid  at  small  expense  along  with  the  arc  leads. 
His  experience  was  that  the  candle-power  of  high-pressure  gaa 
lamps  did  fall  off  :>0  per  cent.,  and  that  quickly.  He  had  found  in 
high-pre»sure  gas  lamps  in  Glasgow  streets,  a  falling-off  of  about 
33',  per  cent,  in  one  week's  time,  the  first  reading  being  :'.,2imi  c.p. 
at  20°,  second  reading  2,200  c.p.  at  50°,  and  less  than  2,000  C.P. 
at  20°.  He  saw  it  remarked  by  the  authors  that  the  use  of  cleor 
globes  was  objectionable,  due  to  the  glare  causing  eye  strain.  He 
did  not  think  there  was  glare  to  that  extent.  Even  when  the 
globes  were  quite  clear  the  light  appeared  to  emanate  from  the 
whole  surface  of  the  inner'^  globe,  more  intense,  of  course,  but  the 
arc  itself  should  not  be  taken  as  the  source.  Clear  globes  with 
lower  surfaces  only  obscured  were  inevitable,  in  his  opinion,  in 
view  of  the  competition  to  be  faced.  The  gas  people  never  thought 
of  using  anything  else,  glare  or  no  glare.  With  reference  to  the 
experiments  made  with  dioptric  globes,  it  was  stated  in  the  paper 
that  the  tremendous  intensive  heat  was  due  to  the  open  lower  end 
of  the  globes.  Xo  doubt  that  was  so,  but  did  the  authors  not 
fiod  also  by  using  dioptric  globes  with  open  lower  ends  that 
the  fumes  from  the  carbons  condensed  on  the  cold  surface  of  the 
outer  globe,  and  in  a  very  short  time  obscured  it .'  Some  experi- 
mental lamps  in  Glasgow  had  shown  this  effect  after  having  been 
in  place  for  two  weeks. 

JlR.  Alex.  Wilson  (general  manager,  Glasgow  Corporation  ga.s 
department)  said  the  authors  stated  that  the  electric  lighting 
possessed  all  the  practical  advantages.  As  to  lower  cost,  he  agreed 
that  in  Manchester  they  might  be  quite  right  ;  the  arc  lighting 
there  had  been  taken  in  hand  in  a  scientific  way.  The  reason  for 
the  difference  between  the  state  of  affairs  in  Manchester  and  in 
London  was  the  excessive  gas  leakage  which  was  shown  to  have 
existed  in  Manchester.  With  regard  to  the  simplicity  of  switching 
operations  and  the  possibility  of  dispensing  with  lamplighters, 
they  in  Glasgow  had  a  large  proportion  of  lamps  where  the  switch- 
ing was  done  automatically,  and  automatic  switching  could  be 
carried  out  in  any  way  desired.  As  to  the  c.p.  of  the  lamps  in 
Manchester,  the  efficiency  of  these  was  far  too  low.  They  had  had  a 
great  deal  of  trouble  in  Glasgow  in  getting  the  lamps  adjusted,  but 
having  done  that,  they  got  an  efficiency  of,  say.  6ii  candles  per  cb.  ft. 
He  noticed  that  the  outlay  was  very  heavy  ;  the  actual  cost  was 
about  £30  a  lamp,  and  for  gas  £48.  In  Glasgow  they  would  want 
four  or  five  lamps  for  that. 

Mr.  J.  A.  RoBERTf^ox  (Greenock)  said  he  believed  that  in  the 
Westminster  lighting  district  the  maximum  candle-power  to  be 
obtained  was  specified  as  to  be  taken  at  20°  and  45°  from  the  hori- 
zontal. It  seemed  to  him,  looking  at  the  curves,  that  it  would  be 
a  comparatively  easy  thing  to  get  at  the  result  by  using  a  proper 
globe,  so  that  the  sj^ecification  which  called  for  a  particular  candle- 
power  at  a  given  angle  was  upon  the  basis  of  what  they  wanl:ed. 
So  far  as  lowering  gear  was  concerned,  he  could  understand  diffi- 
culties arising  with  types  of  gas  lamps,  but  it  was  exactly  here 
that  electricity  had  the  advantage.  His  belief  was  i  that  they 
should  always  try  to  get  an  illuminant  approaching  nearest  to  day- 
light. They  were  rushing  to  extremes  in  high  candle-power  for 
street  lighting,  and  when  that  was  taken  in  conjunction  with  the 
illumination  caused  by  shop-keepers  and  at  picture  palace  front- 
ages, there  was  sure  to  be  a  reaction,  if  for  nothing  else  than  for 
the  safety  of  the  public. 

Mr.  S.  Longlands  (inspector  of  lighting  to  Glasgow  T.C.) 
expressed  himself  as  not  altogether  favourable  to  lighting  tests  on 
the  streets,  for  many  matters  had  to  be  taken  into  consideration 
where  they  had  a  mixture  of  grey,  white  and  red  stone  buildings. 
He  thought  in  every  case  the  laboratory  test  was  best.  At  present 
his  department  was  equipping  a  laboratory  for  this  purpose,  so  that 
it  might  stand  in  perfect  fairness  right  between  the  gas  and 
electricity  departments. 

Mr.  Pearce,  in  the  course  of  his  reply,  said  he  quite  appreciated 
the  value  of  the  economies  which  could  be  obtained  by  using  raising 
and  lowering  gear,  but  those  who  knew  the  conditions  in  two 
typical  Manchester  streets  would  appreciate  their  position.  He 
was,  however,  open  to  conviction  on  the  general  question  of  fixing 
lamps,  and,  if  they  had  future  extensions  in  Manchester,  they 
would  consider  the  question  of  traversing  and  lowering  gear.  A  point 
which  weighed  with  them  in  this  connection  was  the  extreme 
difficulty  of  getting  the  necessary  permission  from  property  owners 
for  attaching  the  gear  to  the  walls  of  buildings.  In  connection 
with  the  depreciation  of  gas  mantles,  he  thought  street  tradini: 


964 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,854,  JrsE  6,  1913. 


had  a  preat  deal  to  do  with  that,  to  say  nothinp  of  heavy  vehicular 
traffic.  In  both  those  respects  Manchester  was  a  very  bad  city,  and 
m  one  of  the  districts  referred  to  in  the  paper  the  change  from 
gas  to  electricity  was  made  because  of  that.  Gas  leakage  was  inevit- 
able, and  he  admitted  that  in  Manchester  it  was  excf  SMve.  As  to 
the  efficiency  of  Manchester  lamps,  it  seemed  to  him  that  if  they 
wanted  to  get  up  to  the  neighbourhood  of  50  candles  per  cb.  ft.,  it 
must  be  got  by  gradually  increasing  the  pressure  and  renewing 
mantles  more  frequently  at  the  expense  of  maintenance.  The 
general  point  of  the  paper  was  that,  assuming  electricity  cost 
twice  as  much  as  it  was  stated  to  cost  in  the  paper,  or  assuming 
that  the  gas  lamps  were  twice  as  efficient  as  givrn,  the  result 
was  in  favour  ofc  electricity.  As  to  uniform  lighting,  that 
was  frequently  obtained  at  a  cost  out  of  all  proportion  to  tte 
advan'age  resulting  from  it. 

Mk.  Ratclufe  also  briefly  replied. 


PATENTS   EXPIRING    IN    1913. 


(.Continued  from  page  920.) 
7,427.  "RoUry  conTerters."  J.  Imbay.  (Poc.  AnonTme  pour  la  Trans 
mission  de  la  Force  par  rElectriciic.)  April  Sth.-Relates  to  a  converti?  or 
Dre?ei^W,*r^m™"""°^  '""P'"  °^»""'"'«i''K  currents.  Two  a™«ure° 
preferably  Gramme  rings,  are  mounted  on  one  shaft.  The  one  rinB  rotates 
wuhin  an  inauctor  of  an  asynchronous  motor  supplied  with  aUermTtinl 
current.  The  other  ring  rotates  between  field  magnets  in  the  polar  eiteSlioDf 
of  nhich  are  fitted  rmgs  connected  by  copper  bars.  "lensions 

7,525.  "Submarine  telegrsphy."  A.  Mitibhzad.  April  lOth.-Relates  to 
arrangements  m  connection  wuh  submatire  telegraphy  for  tranfmittlne 
recemngand  translating  either  in  single  or  duplex  working?  The  srcifl?!' 
.w^n*/"'"?  .*  °'""'^J  °'  "X'diflcatioDS  for  obviating  a  shifting  zeroTmpl" 
ing  and  regulating  curb  currents,  and  the  use  of  •' outflow  •■  and  "oVeiflow^' 
«i^^!/i!f."''"f""'°.'""'  ""^  "tifl''i«l  line  for  re  gulatirg  and  sharpening  The 
signals  in  translating  from  one  circuit  to  another.  y^umg  me 

7.892.  "Electric  batterieF."  E.  W.  JriiGNKB.  April  Hth.-Rflates  to  both 
primary  and  secondary  batteries,  and  consists  in  the  use  of  an  e  eVtrolyte 
r-r.f^  .T't'°f  ""^banged  daring  the  charging  and  discharging  of  the  ba»e?y 
h^St?,,  '*  '"  solvent  water  is  separated  Irrm  it.  Potassium  Md  sodfum 
hydrates  are  examples  cf  such  electroljtt  s.  The  plates  or  electrodes  cons^S 
of  insoluble  oxides  of  metals  or  finely-divided  metall.  •^'ectroaes  consist 

.  ^'^k  ."Electricity  measuring."  G.  C.  Fbasze  and  G.  K.  B  Elihikstokv 
April  19,1,._A  portable  apparatus  for  measuring  the  cunents  necessfrv  to  fire 
I'Trlll-J''^^"'^  ^l  k"°^  batteries,  and  for  listing  the  oondi°f,^  of  ^rimer^ 
l.H^?^^L  "  °'  ."  ^"Jb^t  ammeter,  connected  in  series  with  a  key  Md  a 
vanable  resistance  between  two  teiminalsin  a  case;  two  other  terminals 
connected  together,  are  also  provided.  leiminais, 

»^'^':-,o  v^^J?^,™P''  *°^  telephone  recording  apparatus."  V.  PonsKn 
April  2Sih.-Relates  to  means  for  recording  and  reproducing  messac^rsuch 
unon  of  h^.^"  °'  'e'^Pbonic  "nessages,  by  means  of  an  electfoma^lt  act°ng 
upon  or  being  acted  upon  by  a  magnetisable  wire  or  strip.  A  cylinder  i? 
covered  with  a  close  spiral  of  steel  wire,  which  is  to  take  he  placL  of  thi 
phonographic  plastic  cylinder,  and  an  electromagnet  is  mounted  in  a  s°dinl 

mbuTaf  frar^P^lnn'  P'"''"  "i  '^  ''V°'-  ^"^^  ''"""Se  is  mounted  on  a  roatiSI 
tubular  frame,  and  is  provided  with  a  centrifugal  lever,  which  brings  the  cc  re 
of  the  magnet  against  the  wire  while  the  frame  is  rotiting.  The  remcval  o? 
obliteration  of  the  messages  from  the  strips  is  obtained  by  trave^fng  ,he 
T^ril.J'i  ^h  *  magnet  carrying  a  steady  continuous  current.  (A  petition 
for  extending  this  patent  has  been  filed,  but  the  result  is  nill  pending^ 
M^.flmh'  ^L^h'ing  railway,  Ac.  vehicles."  E.  J.  Pbesion  and  A.  B.  Gnx. 
May  lOth.-Relates  to  improvements  in  train,  Ac,  lighting.  A  switching 
.nl'^^T,^""  for  controlling  the  number  of  lights  is  used.  The  cuTrent  if 
supplied  from  a  battery  or  other  source,  and  the  lamps  are  divided  into  two 
sets  connected  to  a  switch  consisting  of  two  drums  engaging  with  c?mac^ 
^r^fleaTv'^i^  "VT'^^t^^  drums  is  rotated  by  electrcma^gnltrc  means  cct 
i^^ilf.i,  •  .  "Tr""-  ^^^  1°°'*"  '"^s  °°  «»>«  ^'°™s  "^  so  arranged  thit  one 
or  both  sets  of  lamps  may  be  alight  or  both  may  be  extinguish,  d. 

13,f 09.  "Cranes."  J.  G.  W.  Aujridge.  -June  29th.-In  electric  crare's  the 
tharVf."""  "  '=°.°'>ected  by  liLks  to  the  clut.h  lor  the  hoistingdrum  so 
geared  wi.hth^.i,°n,."  w."^'-r\?^'^'''"°  *'  automatically  and  simultaneously 
Ir  other  brake    °'°'"-'''»"-      ^^^  d"'=«°«  "'  «be  lo»d  is  regulated  by  a  hand 

13,561.  "Electric  motors."  M.  J.  Babbeaw.  June  SOth.-Relates  to  a  con. 
strnction  of  electric  motors,  designed  to  secure  maximum  efiiciency,  notwith- 
al^  .^ni,J.*w*  .'°°^  '°  'P^^*^'  ^specially  applicable  to  electric  traction,  but 
«» .v.t^'^i  '°  navigation  and  transmission  of  motive  power.   The  windings 

?r.n  „^°';"k°  t°'''  *"  ^""^^^  '■"°  sections,  and  by  means  of  a  rotary  coL- 
Ihl^fhrK  f,  ^  ^^^,  sectioEs  are  variously  connected  into  sets  or  groups, 
^el  desired  "^  similarly  grouped,  in  order  to  give  the  variations  of 

(To  be  continued.) 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR, 

(NOT  TET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913. 


Compiled  expressly  for  this  Journal  by  Messes.  W.  P.  Thompsoh  A  Co  , 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holbom,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


11,551.  "Ratchet  and  pawl  free-wheel  driving  pulleys  fitted  to  dynamo 
used  for  electrically  lighting  motor-cars."    0.  Bibc.    May  19th. 

11,653.  "Method  of  and  means  lor  protecting  and  supporting  pipes,  tubes, 
condoits  and  the  like  when  exposed  to  furnace  flames  or  subject  to  other  high 
temperature."     R.  C.  Ltsess.     May  19th. 

„  ^JL"^'    "  System  of  enumerating  telephone  calls  and  apparatus  therefor." 
8.  D.  Williams.    May  19th. 

11,561.  "  Mariners'  compasses  of  the  projector  type."  Kelvib  and 
J.  White,  Ltd.,  and  M.  B.  Field.    May  19th. 

11,579.  "Selector  arrangement  for  several  stations  lying  on  a  common  line." 
K.  tSECEXAXK  and  Akt.  Ges.  Mix  &  Genest.     May  19th.    (Complete.) 

11,690.    "Graded  service  automatic  or  semi-automatic  telephone  system." 
H.   Sasoh.    (G.   Heiman,  Germany.)     (Addition  to  11,201,12.)    May  19th. 
(Complete.) 

11,609.     "  Telephony."     8.  G.  Bboati.    May  19th. 

11,623.  "  Electrically  operated  or  controlled  valve."  E.  C.  Ikvijio  and  J.  P. 
O'DoHMELL.    May  19th, 

11.629.  "  Trolleys  for  electric  traction  systems."  E.  M.  Munro  and  R.E.T. 
CoKBTBCciioii  Co.,  Ltd.    May  19th. 

11.630.  "  Circuit  arrangements  for  telephone  systems."  Siemens  &  Halske 
Akj.  GE8.    iConvention  date,  May  25th,  1912,  Germany.)    May  aSrd. 


11,634.  "Process  Icr  the  electrolysis  and  treatment  of  sulphate  liquors." 
E.  J.  HcNT  and  W.  T.  Giddek.     May  19lh. 

11657.  "Protective  device  tor  electric  distributing  systems."  Bbitish 
ThomsonHocstow  Co.,  Ltd.    (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)  May  19lh. 

11,658.  "  Electrical  control  clocks  for  trunk  line  switchboards."  Aktikbo- 
LAGFT  L.  M.  Kkicssom  t  Co.  (Convention  date.  May  21st,  1912,  Sweden.) 
Ma)  19th.    (Complete.) 

11,C73.     "Incandescent  electric  lamps."    C.  W.  Read.     May  20th. 

11,674.    "  Electrical  method  of  burning  lime."     G.C.Goodman.      May  20tb. 

11.677.  "Electric  heating  and  cocking  apparatus."  E.  W.  Lancasteb, 
May  20th. 

11.678,  "Electric  heating  and  cocking  apparatus."  E.  W.  Lakcasteb. 
May  30tb. 

11704.  "Arc  lamps"  H.  E.  MouL.  (Korting  &  MathiesoD  Akt.-Ges.,  Ger- 
macY.)    May -.^Oth.    ((  omplete.) 

11,715.  "  Electrically-operated  mechanism  for  advertising  and  other  pur- 
poses."   J.  R.  Bell,  jun.    May  20tb. 

11,737.  "Spark  plugs."  L.  J.  Diband.  (Convention  date,  October  23th, 
1912,  United  states.)    May  20th.    (Complete.) 

11750.  "Apparatus  for  the  production  of  alkali  metals  by  the  molten 
electrolysis  of  alkali  compounds."  G.  W.  Johnson.  (Deutsche  Gold  und 
Suber  Ucheide  Anstalt  vorm.  Rossler,  Oeiinany.)  (Addition  to  1,983,  1913) 
May  20th.     (Complete.) 

11,751.    "Electrical  relays."    J.  H.  Bakeb  andA.  E.  McKechkie.    MayaOtb. 

11,791.  "  Cramp  belts  adaptable  as  electro  contact  cramps  and  the  like." 
J.  B.  Romanes.    May  21st. 

11.825.  "Electricity  meters."  Compagnie  Iktebkationale  d'Electeicitb 
Soc.  AKON.  (Convention  date^  May  3Ist,  1911,  Germany.)  May  21bt. 
(Complete.) 

11,833.  "  Wireless  telegraphy."  H.  L.  Ehoht,  A.  E.  Eiiobt  and  H.  0.  Ehobt. 
May  21st. 

11,850.  "  Electric  cut-outs  with  multiple  safety  fuses."  R.  Despessailles. 
(Convention  date,  March  31et,  1913,  Belgium.)    May  21st.    (Complete.) 

11.852.  "  Electrostatic  apparatus  lor  separating  and  cleaning  grits,  grains, 
seeds  or  the  like."  J.  Krais.  (Convention  date,  April  30[h,  19i8,  Germany.) 
May  21st.    (Complete) 

11,858.  "  Electric  safety-lamps  for  use  in  mines  and  other  places."  T. 
Habkison  and  A.  Stboso  Fbazeb.    May  21st. 

11,860.    "  Electrical  equipment  of  motor  vehicles."    H.  Leitneb.    May  21st. 

11,872.  "  Electrolysis  of  aciueons  sjlutions."  Soc.  of  Chemical  Indi-sthv 
IN  Basle.  (Convention  date,  December  9th,  1912,  Germany.)  May  21st. 
(Complete.) 

11.896.  "Commutators."  C.  Zbkk.  (Convention  date,  May  2l6t,  1912, 
United  States.)    May  21st.    (Complete.) 

11,888.  "  Automa'.ic  or  semi-automatic  graded  service  telephone  system." 
H.  Babon.    (G.  Heimann,  Germany.)    May  21s>.    (Complete.) 

11,896.  "Electric  water  heaters  or  the  like."  B.  Weaving  and  FEBBA^TI| 
Ltd.    May  21st. 

11,905.  "Means  of  equalising  or  balancing  electric  currents,  applicable  to 
rotary  converters  or  other  dynamo-electric  machines."  A,  H.  Railing  and 
C.  C.  Gabbabd.    May  22nd. 

11,930.  "Construction  of  electrical  hot-plates,  boiler  rings,  and  the  like." 
C.  R.  Belling.    May  22nd. 

11,945.  "Contact  make  and-break  devices  adapted  for  use  in  wireless 
telegraphy  and  for  other  purposes."     L.  B.  Tcrneb.    May  22nd. 

11,960.  "  Electrical  connectors  of  the  plug  and  socket  type."  A.  P.  Lcnd- 
bebg,  G.  C.  Lu>dbebg,  p.  A.  Lcndbeeg  and  G.  Pegg.    May  22nd. 

11,970.  "Illuminated  signs."  J.  G.  A.  Tetabt  and  M.  J.  Btaibce. 
May  22nd. 

11,972.  "  Automatic  ships'  telegraph  alarms."  J.  A.  ScLLrvAH.  May  2rnd. 
(Complete.) 

11 975.  "  Production  of  electrical  resistance  materials."  Resibto-Elec- 
tbical  Mancfacicrikg  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  C.  Ruzicka,     May  22nd.    (Complete.) 

11,990.  "  Electric  ignitirn  generators."  B.  Lawbence.  (Addition  to 
14,324  and  21,582, 1912  )    May  22nd.    (Complete.) 

11,993.  "  Urns,  or  the  like,  for  heating  water  by  electricity."  J.  Mann. 
May  22nd. 

11,997.  "  Chemical,  electrochemical  and  electric  treatment  of  plants,  fields, 
seeds,  crops  or  the  like."    R.  Miis.    May22cd.    (Complete) 

11,S98.  "Telei hone  systems."  At:T0MATic Telephone  Makcfactcbikg Co., 
Ltd.    (Automatic  Electric  Co.,  United  Stales.)    May  22nd.    (Complete.) 

12,C01.    "  Igniters."    E.  C.  Jokes  and  J.  Peabsoh.    May  22nd. 

12,035.  "Telephone  systems."  Automatic  Telephone  Maniifactcrikg  Co., 
Ltd.  (Automatic  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)  (Addition  to  13,970/12.)  May 
23rd.     (Complete.) 

12,054.    "Incandescent  electric  lamps."    C.  A.  Habrison.    May  23rd, 

12.060.  "  Telephone  systems."  Siemens  &  Halsee-Akt.-Ges.  (Convention 
date.  May  25tl',  1912,  Germany.)    May  23rd.    (Complete.) 

12.061.  "  Trolleys  for  electric  traction  systems."  E.  M.  MrsBO  and  R.E.T. 
CoNSTBCCTios  Co.,  LTD.     May  19th. 

12,065.    "  Electric  welding."    E.  H.  Jones.    May  23rd. 

12.074.  "  Oscillation  spark  gaps."  W.  T.  Ditcham  and  Qbikdell-Matthews 
WiBELES.'>  Telephone  S^tsdicate,  Ltd.     May  23rd. 

12.075.  "  Microphones  for  use  in  wireless  telephony."  W.  T.  Ditcham  and 
Gbindell-Matthews  WiBELEss  TELEPHONE  SYNDICATE,  Ltd.     May  23rd. 

12.076.  "  Apparatus  for  use  in  wireless  telephony."  W,  T.  Dftcham  and 
Gbindell-Matthews  Wibeless  Telephone  Syndicate,  Ltd.    May  23rd. 

12,082.     "  Arc  lamps."    H.  Aybtos.    May  23rd. 

12,100.  "  Multiple  way  indicators."  T.  G.  Hodgeinson.  May  23rd.  (Com- 
plete.) 

12,115.  "Fittings  for  metallic  conduit  systems  for  housing  electrical  con- 
ductors, specially  applicable  to  ceiling  rose  fittings  and  the  Uke."  Suiplex 
CoNDt:iTS,  Ltd.,  and  L.  M.  Watebhocse.    May  24ih. 

12,129.  "Apparatus  lor  heating  liquids  electrically."  British  Electbio 
Heatf.b  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  C.  Kbatt.    May  24th. 

12,157.  "  Switching  arrangements  for  use  in  wireless  telephony  and  wireless 
telegraphy."  W.  T.  Ditcham  and  Gbindell-Matthews  Wibeless  Telephone. 
Syndicate,  Ltd.    May  24th. 

12,162.  "  Telephone  systems."  Al'tomatic  Telephone  MANrFACTcamo  Co. 
Lti>.    (Automatic  Electric  Co.,  United  States,)    May  21th,    (Complete.) 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  286,  High  Uolbom,  W.C,  and  al 
Liverpool  and  Bradford ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1812. 


Asc    Lamp    Blkctbodss.      British    Thomson  -  Houston    Co.,    Ltd,      (General 

Electric  Co.)    18,689.    August  14th. 
Contbollino  ob  Reoulatino  Devices  fob    Elictbic    Lamps.     E,  Johnson. 

22,127.    September  2Stb. 
Wall-pldos  eob  Electrical  Fittinos,    F.  Scheinig.    23,68?.    October  IBih. 

(October  ICtb.lDll.) 


rr»Ljb: 


kiije;cti?/Io.a.l  i^e^^ie'w. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


JUNE  13,  1918. 


No.  1,855. 


ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


THE     I.M.E.A.     CONVENTION. 


yol.  LXXII.] 


CONTENTS  :  Juno  111,  1918. 


¥ 


[Mo.  1,865. 
I'«g6 

The  I.M.E.A.  Convention 96.'; 

The  Lead  Market 96<) 

Guaranteed  Wiring           967 

Expert  Witnesses  in  America      ...  967 

The  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  in  Paris  (con/ini/ed)  968 

Notes  from  India 972 

Correspondence : — 

The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  Lifts 972 

Electric  Lifthting  Fittings 97:i 

Long-Range  In-struments 973 

The  Mutual  Protection  of  Engineers        974 

The  yVwc.v'  Time  and  Synchronising  Turret  Clocks        ...  975 

Parliamentary        97.5 

Legal           976 

Mining  Machinery  Exhibition    ...         .  .         ■       ...  977 

Business  Notes       978 

New  Diesel  Plant  at  Kingston-on-Thames  (i7/«/,9.)      98.5 

The  Chelsea  Railway  Power  Station  ((7i«.v.)    ..,         987 

New  Turbine  Plant  at  Poplar  (iii«.«.) 988 

Notes           991 

City  Notes 994 

Stocks  and  Shares 996 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies       997 

The  Progress  of  Three-Phase  Traction  on  Railways 999 

Electrical  Heating            1001 

Agreements  for  "  Hire  "  and  "  Hire-Parchaae  "          1002 

Trade  Statistics  of  Egypt,  1912 1004 

The  Electricity  Showroom          1004 

Proceedings  of  Institutions  : — 

Rontgen  Society        1005 

Municipal  Tramway  Managers       1005 

Our  Legal  Query  Column            1006 

Foreign  and  Colonial  Tariffs  on  Electrical  Goods       1007 

Patents  Expiring  in  191r(  (^continued) 1007 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 1007 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications 1008 


Contractors'  Column         Advertisement  pages  xxiv,  xxvi  and  xxviii 


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THE     UNIVERSAL     ELECTRICAL    DIRECTORY 

1913  EDITION. 

H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4,  Ludgate  Hill.  London.  E.C. 


Ox  Tuesday  next  week  the  Annual  Convention  of  the 
Municipal  Electrical  Association  will  l)e  commenced  at  the 
Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,  London.  It  is  seven 
years  since  last  the  Convention  was  held  in  the  Metropolis, 
and  we  can  assure  the  meml)ers  that  they  may  count  upon  a 
cordial  welcome  and  e.xcellent  entertainment.  Although  the 
Association  is  not  numerically  strong,  it  undoubtedly  repre- 
sents the  great  bulk  of  the  municipal  supply  undertakings  in 
this  country,  and  therefore  its  proceedings  are  vested  with  an 
importance  which  renders  the  Convention  one  of  the 
principal  events  in  the  calendar  of  the  electrical  year. 

Of  the  papers  to  be  discussed  one  cannot  say  much  at 
present ;  though  fewer  in  number  than  usual,  they  touch  on 
matters  of  great  interest  at  the  present  time,  and  ought  to 
lead  to  considerable  discussion.  Dr.  Ferranti's  paper  on  "  Prime 
Movers "  will,  we  believe,  somewhat  disappoint  those 
engineers  who  have  been  craving  for  information  as  to  the 
highly-superheated  steam  turbine ;  Mr.  Christie's  paper 
describes  a  useful  development  in  the  shape  of  a  water 
iiltering  plant  for  the  cooling  air,  in  connection  with 
turbo-generators ;  and  the  paper  by  Messrs.  Watson 
and  ]\Iitchell  deals  with  the  electric  battery  vehicle — 
a  subject  which  is  of  the  greatest  importance  to  central 
station  engineers  at  the  present  time.  In  view  of  the 
progress  which  the  authors'  firm  is  making  with  the  Edison 
battery  vehicle  in  this  country,  and  the  demonstration  of 
various  types  of  electrical  vehicle  which  follows  the 
reading  of  this  paper,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  visitors 
will  be  stimulated  into  displaying  rather  more  practical 
interest  in  the  subject  in  the  future,  than  has  l»een  the  case 
in  the  past.  A  most  urgent  matter  is  the  standardisation  of 
charging  voltages  and  appliances,  and  we  trust  that  the 
opportunity  will  be  seized  to  arrive  at  a  decision  on  this 
point. 

But  it  is  not  only  with  the  reading  of  papers  that 
the  Convention  is  concerned  :  visits  have  been  arranged  to 
the  historic  Deptford  generating  station,  the  West  Ham 
Corporation's  electricity  works,  the  Chelsea  Underground 
Railway  power  station  (which  we  illustrate  in  this  issue), 
and  to  the  Chingford  Reservoir,  to  view  the  celebrated 
Humphrey  pumps.  Many  of  the  visitors  to  Kingston-on- 
Thames  will,  no  doubt,  find  much  to  interest  them  in  the 
horizontal  Diesel  generating  plant  recently  installed  in  the 
Corporation's  electricity  works,  a  brief  illustrated  description 
of  which  appears  in  this  issue. 

On  this  occa^on  the  proceedings  will  be  conducted  partly 
in  camera,  the  discussion  on  the  Electric  Lighting  Bill  pro- 
moted by  the  Association,  and  on  Electric  Heating  and 
Cooking,  being  restricted  to  Members  and  Associates.  We 
have  received  a  copy  of  the  Bill  from  the  hon.  secretary,  Mr. 
H.  Faraday  Proctor,  it  having  been  introduced  on  Wednesday 
last    week  ;      most    of     its    provisions    are    of    a    ncn- 

[965]  P 


966 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  72.  no.  i.g.-.s.  jise  u,  1913. 


contentious  nature,  and  are  likelv,  if  approved  by  Parlia- 
ment, to  prove  beneficial  to  the  industry,  but  there  is  one 
clause  which  is  sure  to  arouse  the  bitter  opposition  of  the 
electrical  contractors — the  familiar  clause  which  confers  full 
powers  upon  the  local  authorities  to  provide,  sell,  let  for  hire, 
and  fix,  repair,  maintain  and  remove  electric  lines,  fittings, 
apparatus  and  appliances  for  all  purposes.  The  only  restric- 
tions imposed  upon  them  by  the  clause  are  that  the  local 
authorities  shall  not  manufacture,  shall  confine  their  activi- 
ties to  their  own  areas  and  their  own  consumers,  shall  adjust 
the  charges  so  as  to  cover  all  expenditure  (including  capital 
charges),  and  shall  separately  show  the  charges  made  for  such 
work  on  demand  notes,  and  the  expenditure  and  receipts  in 
their  published  accounts.  Similar  powers  are  conferred  upon 
companies  by  another  clause. 

It  will  be  seen  that  if  these  powers  are  granted,  the  local 
authorities  will  be  enabled  to  enter  into  direct  competition 
with  the  contractors,  and  the  latter  will  oppose  the  clause 
on  the  ground  that  such  competition,  supported  by  the  rates 
to  which  they  contribute,  is  unfair.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
municipalities  will  claim  that,  having  been  authorised  by  the 
State  to  embark  upon  the  supply  of  electricity,  they  are 
entitled  to  the  possession  of  full  power  to  conduct  the 
business  on  the  most  efficient  lines,  and  not  improbably  the 
matter  will  end  in  a  dead-lock,  as  usual.  It  is  most  unfor- 
tunate that  this  miserable  controversy  cannot  be  settled  by 
agreement  between  the  respective  parties.  We  have  often 
urged  the  desirability  of  compromise,  and  the  fact  that  this 
can  be  achieved  is  strongly  suggested  by  the  harmonious 
co-operation  which  obtains  in  several  towns  where  the 
municipality  has  succeeded  in  securing  the  powers  in 
question.  It  is  by  no  means  too  late  to  bury  the  hatchet 
even  now,  and  we  sincerely  trust  that  the  subject  will  be  dis- 
cussed by  the  M^E.A.  with  "Conciliation"  as  the  text. 
Compromise  demands  concession  from  both  sides.  The  con- 
tractors do  not  wish  to  clog  the  wheels  of  progress,  and  the 
municipalities  do  not  wish  to  ruin  the  contractors.  Surely 
they  can  agree  as  to  their  respective  spheres,  and  arrive  at  a 
reasonable  division  of  labour  •■ 

Another  clause  empowers  the  undertakers  to  provide 
showrooms,  hold  exhibitions,  and  carry  on  publicity  schemes, 
all  very  laudable  objects.  It  is  alleged  that  the  munici- 
palities are  at  present  unable  to  contribute  to  the  funds  of 
the  Publicity  Committee,  for  example,  and  that  the  latter  is 
thereby  crippled  for  lack  of  money.  AVhether  this  is  the 
fundamental  cause  of  the  notorious  failure  of  the  Committee 
to  exert  any  appreciable  influence  upon  the  progress  of  the 
industry  is  open  to  question  ;  we  fear  the  trouble  lies 
deeper,  and  that  the  only  remedy  for  the  disease  with  which 
it  is  afflicted  is  that  of  dissolution. 

Clause  4  authorises  the  sale  of  by-products,  and  CIau-:e  5 
the  imposition  of  a  minimum  annual  charge  for  a  stand-by 
supply  of  energy.  In  other  clauses  power  is  taken  to  pay 
subscriptions  to  associations,  such  as  the  M.E.A.,  and  the 
expenses  of  members  attending  conferences,  provisions  which 
are  certainly  highly  desirable  in  the  public  interest.  One 
clause  deals  with  the  allocation  of  surplus  revenue  to  the 
purposes  of  the  undertaking,  instead  of  carrying  it  to  the 
credit  of  the  local  rates  ;  the  intention  is  good,  and  the 
f)olicy  is  one  which  we  have  long  advocated — but  surely  an 
Act  of  Parliament  is  not  necessary  to  allow  it  to  be  carried 
out.  Other  clauses  facilitate  the  borrowing  of  money  for 
working  capital  to  a  limited  extent  without  the  trouble  and 
expense  of  an  inquiry,  and  enact  minor  provisions  in  con- 
nection with  the  conduct  of  the  business.  The  joint 
exercise  of  the  powers  to  supply  fittings,  Ac,  and  to  carry 
on  publicity  campaigns  with  other  bodies  or  persons  is  pro- 
vided for,  and  this  may  contain  the  germ  of  a  working 
agreement  with  the  contractors. 


THE     LEAD    MARKET. 


OxK  of  the  most  pronounced  and  striking  feature  in  the 
metal  markets  during  the  gloom  in  evidence  last  week  was 
the  firmness  of  lead,  the  price  of  which  hardly  flickered, 
even  when  tin  and  copper  were  pressed  for  sale  at  continually 
weakening  figures.  The  reason  was,  of  course,  that  the 
intrinsic  position  of  the  metal  is  one  of  wholly  exceptional 
strength,  the  causes  operating  in  connection  with  which  place 
the  article  in  a  category  by  itself.  The  consumption  of 
lead  naturally  increased  in  common  with  that  of  all  other 
metals  during  the  recent  period  of  exceptional  industrial 
activity,  but  for  reasons  quite  apart  from  those  operating 
elsewhere  (except  in  a  limited  degree  as  regards  copper), 
there  has  been  a  reduction  in  the  output,  and  it  is  this 
factor  which  has  placed  lead  on  the  very  strong  foundations 
seen  to-day.  The  whole  position  practically  arises  out  of  the 
long-drawn-out  revolutionary  disturbances  in  Mexico.  This 
country  is  reckoned  as  the  fourth  largest  producer  of  the 
metal,  occupying  this  position  for  a  number  of  years  up  to 
1911,  the  returns  for  which  year  are  the  latest  at  present 
available  ;  the  output  for  1909  was  113,000  tons,  for  1910 
115,000  tons,  and  for  the  following  year   118,000    tons. 

What  the  production  will  prove  to  have  been  last 
year  is  merely  a  matter  of  surmise,  but  there  is  not 
the  slightest  doubt  that  this  year  it  has  been  very  seriously 
.  reduced,  owing  to  the  revolution,  the  railways  being  cut, 
the  transport  of  fuel,  ores,  and  general  supplies  to  tie 
smelters  being  stopped,  and  the  forwarding  of  lead  from  the 
smelters  to  the  coast  for  shipment  to  Europe  being  sus- 
pended, and  these  conditions  still  continue  in  practically  full 
force.  The  troubles  will  also  be  reflected  in  a  falling-off  in 
the  United  States  lead  production,  for  very  large  quantities 
of  lead  ore  and  argentiferous  lead  are  sent  from  Mexico  to 
be  treated  at  United  States  plants,  the  total  in  1911  bein<: 
about  75,000  tons  in  soft  lead  contents. 

For  a  very  long  time  now,  the  Mexican  smelters  in  the 
Torreon  district  have  been  practically  at  a  standstill,  and  even 
though  a  small  quantity  of  metal  was  got  through  from  Torreon 
to  Tampico  last  week  for  shipment  to  Europe,  the  general 
situation  gives  cause  for  the  utmost  anxiety  to  those  who 
have  been  relying  upon  the  Mexican  product  for  their 
supplies  of  raw  material.  The  output  of  the  largest  smelter 
at  Torreon  is  taken  by  a  leading  firm  of  British  lead 
manufacturers,  and  their  buying  of  metal  to  replace 
the  Mexican  supply,  has  at  times  had  an  important 
influence  on  prices  in  the  London  market.  The 
restriction  of  supplies  has,  indeed,  been  felt  very 
severely,  and  the  position  does  not  seem  to  be  getting 
any  easier,  for  every  ton  of  lead  is  swept  up  as  soon  as  it 
comes  in  ;  the  prospect  is  exceedingly  uncomfortable  for 
those  consumers  who  have  not  had  the  foresight,  or  the 
proper  knowledge,  with  which  to  gauge  the  probabilities  of 
market  happenings.  It  is  to  be  feared  that  there  is  too 
often,  on  the  part  of  even  large  users  of  commodities,  an 
indifference  to  the  course  of  commercial  currents  directly 
affecting  their  interests,  an  indifference  which  at  times 
involves  them  in  difficulties  which  could  have  been  avoided 
easily  enough,  but  which  if  neglected  prove  costly,  and  on 
occasion  impossible  of  repair.  Ultimately,  of  course,  the 
situation  in  lead  will  be  relaxed,  but  that  can  hardly  occur 
until  the  normal  working  conditions  are  restored  in  Mexico, 
and  the  date  of  that  may  be  far  fff  even  yet,  though  one 
naturally  hopes  for  the  best.  ^Meanwhile,  consumers  who 
have  not  provided  for  their  needs  stand  in  an  unenviabb 


I 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,s...-,,  .luNio  1:;,  iyi:i. 


TIIK    IlLI'^CTinCAL    IIIIV  I  i:\v, 


907 


jx)BiLi()ii,    beciuiso    lend    for    iiiiiiicdiulo   and    near    delivery 
conimiuidrt  an  almost  proliihitivo  price. 

(Joiisuniers  arc  very  diHfcniHtful  of  lend  at  C2()  a  ton  and 
upwards,  and  truly  that  is  a  lii;;li  price.  'I'lic  averafjc  price 
of  soft  forei}fn  lead  was  .£17  ir)S.  lOd.in  r.ll2,  .Cl;!  IDs.  2^(1. 
ill  i;)ll,  L'12  I  Its.  in  llllO,  and  fl:;  Is.  Hd.  in  1!)0'.),  but 
in  11107,  the  bdoni  year,  it  was  CI!)  Is.  !td.,  while  in  11)02 
it  was  no  more  than  £1!  5s.  Jid.  'i'he  highest  fif(ure 
reached  was  L'-':?  ir)s.  a  ton  in  September  of  last  year,  and 
tlic  lowest  £1)  in  18!)l.  This  year's  montlily  averages  work 
out  as  follows  with  comparisons  for  the  two  previous  years. 


l«i:{. 

1912. 

11)11. 

January  ... 

February... 

March 

April 

May 

...     £17      1    11 

16  8     5 
15  1!)     8 

17  8  10 

18  14     ;i 

£15   11 
16  13 
!,->  19 
16     G 
16   10 

2 
9 
8 
6 
2 

£13     0     8 
13     1   11 
13     2   11 

12   18     5 
12   19     2 

No  doubt  the  spirit  of  caution  is  a  virtue,  even  with  the 
Mexican  trouble  looming  large,  but  the  point  must  be  kept 
in  mind  in  considering  the  position  that  one  of  these  days 
things  in  Mexico  will  settle  down,  and  when  the  news  comes 
that  the  country's  political  troubles  are  over,  one  of  *he  first 
events  will  be  a  readjustment  of  lead  prices  in  consonance 
with  the  altered  position.  For  the  time  being,  however, 
the  consuming  trades  have  been  pretty  hard  hit,  and  in 
more  than  one  direction  a  restriction  of  operations 
is  now  in  force,  users  not  having  bought  ahead 
or  against  contracts,  in  a  measure  sufficient  to  pro- 
tect themselves,  and  being  either  unable  or  unwilling  to 
purchase  at  current  figures.  The  supplies  coming  in  from 
abroad  are  very  moderate,  and  neither  Spain  nor  Australia 
is  increasing  output  to  an  extent  sufficient  to  fill  the  gaps 
left  by  the  shortage  from  Mexico.  Further,  Australia  has 
had  labour  troubles  to  face  which  have  tended  to  accentuate 
the  stringency  of  the  position.  Then,  again,  consumption 
has  increased  very  largely  in  the  Far  East,  and  important 
quantities  of  lead  which  formerly  came  to  London  are  now 
shipped  direct  from  Australia  to  Japan  and  China,  while 
a  good  deal  of  Eussia's  requirements  is  now  dispatched 
direct  from  Spain  to  St.  Petersburg,  all  of  which  tends  to 
restrict  the  tonnage  of  material  coming  to  this  country. 
In  the  long  run,  it  makes  no  difference  to  British  con- 
sumers, but  it  does  tend  at  times  to  narrow  the  market 
for  buyers.  If  ever  there  were  an  excess  of  supplies 
shipped,  it  would  no  doubt  be  London  which  would 
provide  the  temporary  home  for  metal  waiting  for  a 
market,  when  prices  would  naturally  be  expected  to 
suffer.  The  anticipation  that  a  period  of  lessened 
stringency  is  not  very  far  off  is  entertained,  is  shown  clearly 
enough  by  the  fact  that  while  the  price  of  June  shipment 
lead  is  over  £20  a  ton,  that  of  August  is  only  £19  7s.  Gd. 
The  discount  reflects  the  rparket's  estimate  of  the  chances 
of  a  restoration  of  reasonable  working  conditions  in  the 
areas  of  unrest.  Viewing  the  metal  markets  as  a  whole  the 
tendency  at  present  appears  to  be  towards  a  lower  level,  not 
only  because  trade  is  thought  to  be  waning,  but  also  because 
finance  has  developed  some  unsound  spots,  and  because 
trouble  of  this  kind  always  reacts  immediately  upon  public 
confidence,  and  through  this,  on  national  spending  capacity 
in  every  direction,  both  public  and  private.  It  is  too  much 
to  hope  when  once  fairly  normal  conditions  are  reSfJbred  in 
Mexico,  that  lead  will  prove  a  law  to  itself.  In  any  event, 
consumers  regard  lead  at  £20  a  ton  with  a  suspicion  born  of 
experience,  and  buying  is  restricted. 


Guaranteed 
Wirinj?. 


We  referred  some  time  ago  to  a  pro- 
posal of  the  Electrical  Contractors' 
Association  to  guarantee  the  work  of  its 
members.  The  proposal  has  not  yet  been  translated  into 
a  definite  scheme,  but  a  report  has  been  made  by  a 
Sub  -  Committee  of  the  Association  formulating  certain 
definite  suggestions  which  it  is  proposed  should  be 
incorporated  in  the  scheme. 

Briefly,  these  are  (1)  that  every  member  of  the  Associa- 
tion shall  undertake  to  carry  out  all  his  indoor  contracts 
within  the  British  Isles  in  strict  conformity  with  the  rules 


of  tiie  Institution  of  Klectrical  Engineers,  <;Xf;cpt  where 
some  other  Htundard  ifi  Hpecided  by  tin;  |»iin;huw;r  ;  ('!)  that 
the  Association  hIihII  indemnify  tiie  ernploy(!r  of  any  meriiher 
against  bad  workmanHhip  or  inateriais  supplied  by  Huch 
member,  subject  to  certain  limitatioiiH ;  {.'>)  limt  any 
member  failing  to  remedy  defective  work  after  l>eing  callwl 
upon  by  the  Association  to  do  so  shall  at  once  cease  to  be  a 
ineinb(;r  of  the  Association. 

A  i|uestion  which  naturally  suggests  itself  is,  who  is  to  be 
the  jiidire  ?  Many  members  might  coiifxjivably  object  to  the 
judgment  of  a  brother-member  or  a  committee  of  meml^ers 
who  might  be  competitors  of  his.  This  objection  is  met  by 
the  pro[)osal  of  the  Sub-Committee  to  api)oint  a  comj)etent 
engineer  to  inspect  and  report  on  work  which  is  called  in 
question.  In  the  event  of  an  adverse  report,  the  cf«t8  of 
the  inspection  are  to  be  borne  by  the  defaulting  contractor, 
whilst  the  employer  is  to  pay  if  the  report  is  favourable  to 
the  contractor. 

It  is  considered  in  some  cjuarters  that  the  proposals  aim 
at  the  elimination  of  slip-socket  conduit,  which,  whatever  its 
faults,  has  done  a  good  deal  to  cheapen  the  cost  of  wiring 
and  pave  the  way  for  screwed  conduit,  which  is  now  regarded 
as  an  essential  factor  in  really  good  work.  Slip  socket  has, 
in  fact,  had  its  day,  and  few,  if  any,  of  the  leading  insurance 
companies  look  with  favour  upon  it,  although  they  possibly 
accept  the  risk  in  ordinary  residential  property. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  one  of  the  chief  objects  of 
the  Electrical  Contractors'  Association,  in  formulating  the 
proposals  referred  to,  is  to  raise  the  general  standard  of 
wiring  and  to  eliminate,  if  possible,  the  jerry  wiring 
contractor,  and  these  objects  have  our  entire  sympathy. 


Witnesses  in 
America. 


It  would  seem  that  war  is  now  being 
Expert  waged  against  the  expert  witness  in  the 

Ignited  States.  According  to  a  leaderette 
in  the  Canadian  Engineer  (May  22nd),  a 
strong  opposition  to  the  present  method  of  securing  expert 
evidence  in  cases  at  law,  and  a  growing  feeling  that  expert 
witnesses  should  be  designated  by  the  Courts,  led  the 
American  Institute  of  Consulting  Engineers  to  hold  a  dis- 
cussion on  this  subject  a  short  time  ago.  The  American 
proposal,  apparently,  is  that  in  certain  classes  of  cases  which 
require  expert  testimony,  such  as  the  valuation  of  public 
utilities,  conflicting  claims  of  water-power  companies,  and 
the  like,  "  time  will  be  saved  and  cases  will  be  better 
presented  if  studied  from  ex  parte  points  of  view  before  the 
action  at  law  is  begun.  The  appointment  of  engineer 
associates  by  the  Court  would  probably  be  helpful  in  clearing 
up  conjlicting  and  confudnij  fcs/imoni/."  (The  italics  are 
ours.)  With  all  respect  to  the  president  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Consulting  Engineers  who  put  forward  this  view 
when  summing  up  the  discussion,  he  seems  to  us  to  beg 
the  whole  question.  What  is  the  "  conflicting  and  confusing 
testimony  "  which  the  engineer  associate  of  the  Court  is  to 
pass  in  review  ?  Surely  it  must  be  the  evidence  of  other 
experts.  We  make  bold  to  say  that  every  proposal  to 
abolish  the  expert  witness  in  technical  cases  which  has  ever 
been  brought  forward  in  this  country  has  always  had  a 
fundamental  flaw  :  no  efficient  substitute  has  been  suggested. 
We  recall  the  dictum  of  a  distinguished  Cambridge  scientific 
professor  who  was  asked  whether  he  favoured  compulsory 
Greek.  "  No,"  he  replied,  "  I  am  against  it."  "  But  will 
you  vote  against  it?"  was  the  next  question.  "Yes,"  he 
replied,  "  I  will,  as  soon  as  you  satisfy  me  that  you  are 
going  to  put  something  as  good  in  its  place."  Who  is  to 
replace  the  technical  witness  in  a  complicated  electrical 
patent  case  ?  The  plaintiff  and  the  defendant  must  both 
put  their  arguments  before  the  Court ;  and  the  arguments 
of  counsel  can  only  be  founded  upon  the  opinions  of  experts 
—  opinions  which  those  experts  are  prepared  to  uphold  in 
the  witness  box,  subject  to  the  searching  criticism  of  cross- 
examination.  True,  the  inquiry  may  be  long  and  tedious,  but 
the  results  are  generally  satisfactory.  Nor  are  our  judges 
wholly  incapable  of  dealing  with  a  purely  scientific  issue 
when  instructed  by  the  skilled  testimony  of  the  expert.  He 
who  commends  the  present  system  is  no  mere  laudator 
temporis  acli.     It  is  the  growth  of  hundreds  of  years. 


968 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,8.".5,  Jdne  1:!,  1913. 


THE  INSTITUTION  OF  ELECTRICAL  ENGINEERS  IN  PARIS. 


(Abstractt  of  Papen  dUcussed  in  Paris  at  the  Joint  Meeting  of 

the  Institution  of  Elkcteical  Enoineees  and  the  Societb 

Inteenationale  des  Electeiciens,  2Ut-2Alh  May,  1913.) 

(^Continued  J'loni  /uige  927.) 

The  Elactrification  Schemes  of  the  Chemin  de  Fer  du  Midi. 

By  Monsieue  Jullian. 

The  probiem  of  the  elev-tric  haulage  of  trains  presented  itself 
for  the  first  time  to  the  Coiupaguie  du  Midi  in  iyu2  at  the  time 
when  the  concession  for  the  development  of  the  line  from 
^'illef^anche-Vuruet  LesBains  to  Bourg-Madame  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Western  Pyrenees  was  ottered  by  the  State.  The 
conditions  for  the  building  of  the  line  differ  very  considerably 
from  those  inscribed  in  the  scale  of  rates  of  the  Compaguie  'du 
Midi.  Advantages  were  conceded  because  the  line  to  be  con- 
structed was  of  narrow  gauge,  with  sharp  curves,  and  because 
the  gradients  were  80  mm.  per  metre. 

The  question  of  the  electrihcation  again  presented  itself  to  the 
Compagnie  du  Midi  in  1907,  when  the  State  proposed  granting 
it  the  concession  for  lines  which  it  wished  to  construct  iu  the 
region  of  the  Central  Pyrenees,  including  gradients  up  to 
40  mm.  and  curves  of  radius  less  than  300  metres.  At  the 
moment  of  signing  the  convention  relating  to  these  lines,  the 
State  entered  upon  new  negotiations  for  the  line  from  Pau  to 
Uagetmau. 

The  Compagnie  du  Midi  made  a  new  proposal  with  a  view  to 
reconciling  the  interests  of  both  sides,  and  two  agreements  were 
signed   iu   1907   and  1908. 

When  all  the  lines  comprised  in  these  two  agreements  are 
working,  the  Compaguie  du  Midi  will  have  a  system  of  622  km. 
of  electrified  lines,  of  which  112  will  be  double  track,  that  is  to 
say : 

Lines  actually  working        327  km. 

Line  under  the  agreement  of  July  4,  1908    227     ,, 
Lines  crossing  the  Pyrenees  ...         ...      68    ,, 

The  equipment  of  the  lines  actually  working  is  in  course  of  conj- 
pletion,  and  will  be  finished  iu  the  month  of  July  next,  through- 
out about  half  of  this  length. 

Another  electrification  has  been  undertaken  for  other  reasons ; 
this  is  the  line  from  Perpignan  to  Villefranche  in  the  Eastern 
Pyrenees.  In  1911  the  company  equipped  this  line  electrically 
for  a  length  of  24  km.  in  order  to  make  some  tests  in  view  of  the 
electrification  of  the  Central  Pyrenees  line. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  outlay  for  these  tests  has  already 
been  incurred,  and  that  the  volume  of  mineral  traffic  on  this 
line  is  constantly  increasing,  there  is  no  doubt  that  electrifica- 
tion will  be  advantageous. 

The  Company  has  also  had  in  view  the  extension  of  the  elec- 
trification of  other  parts  of  its  system  by  prolonging  the  lines 
which  have  just  been  referred  to.  The  preliminary  investiga- 
tion into  these  electrification  schemes  has  been  made  with  fav- 
ourable results.  The  electrification  is  justified  by  the  extremely 
advantageous  economic  conditions  under  which  it  will  be  carried 
out.  It  is  also  justified  by  the  particular  features  of  the  system. 
The  lines  to  be  constructed  have  steep  gradients,  which  are  one 
of  the  main  factors  leading  to  electrification.  The  lines  now  at 
work  which  are  to  be  electrified  run  at  the  foot  of  the  ap- 
proaches of  the  Pyrenees,  and  often  penetrate  into  the  steep 
valleys.  They  have  gradients  of  which  the  greater  number  lie 
between  15  and  32  mm.  Except  over  the  section  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Pau  the  practicable  speeds  do  not  exceed  70  km. 
per  hour,  and  the  mean  speed  is  rather  nearer  60  km.  per  hour. 
These  conditions  are  excellent  for  traction  by  electric  motors. 
Finally,  during  a  part  of  the  year  these  lines  have  a  heavy 
service  of  passenger  trains,  for  the  hauling  of  which  electric 
traction  will  have  some  advantages. 

The  current  used  for  the  working  lines  is  single-phase  current 
at  16  periods  and  12,000  volts.  The  frequency  was  fixed  at  16 
periods  in  order  to  secure  the  best  working  conditions  for  com- 
mutator motors  of  the  series  type.  The  engineers  considered — 
and  experience  has  justified  them — that  repulsion  motors, 
although  possessing  a  series  characteristic,  would  not  be  suitable 
for  working  on  so  variable  a  load  as  required  in  this  particular 
case  of  electric  traction.  The  pressure  on  the  working  hue  was 
fixed  at  12,000  volts  for  economic  reasons. 

It  is  intended  to  distribute  energy  by  means  of  single-phase 
current  at  a  pressure  of  60,000  volts.  The  alternators  at  the 
station  will  generate  current  at  6,000  volts ;  the  transformers 
will  raise  this  pressure  to  60.000  volts,  and  in  the  sub-stations 
the  pressure  will  be  stepped  down  to  12,000  volts  for  the  supply 
of  the  overhea<l  conductor.  The  distribution  by  means  of 
simple  alternating  current  is  justified  from  the  standpoint  of 
economy. 

In  the  experimental  line  from  Villefranche  to  Vernet-les- 
Bains,  six  types  of  overhead  equipment  have  been  established  : 
four  of  these  belong  to  the  simple  catenary  type,  one  to  the 
double  catenary,  and  one  to  the  rigid  type.  The  spans  are  100 
metres,  60  metres,  or  50  metres,  and  the  longer  sections  are 
provided  with  compensating  arrangements. 

It  is  clear  from  these  tests  that  the  .'(implest  overhead  equip- 
ment is  the  hiest.  for  almost  all  acfidcnts  are  due  to  the  faulty 
working  or  breaking  of  apparatus  intro<luced  to  obtain  a  better 
compensatif)n  or  a  greater  flexibility  for  the  line,  and  the  efficacy 
of  such  apparatus  is  in  general  very  doubtful.  To  be  precise. 
on  the  lines  comprising  fairly  numerous  curves  of  a  radius  lying 
between  350  and  800  metres,  and  worked  over  by  trains  at  speeds 


between  75  and  80  km.  per  hour,  but  not  exceeding  90  km.  per 
hour,  the  choice  should  fall  upon  the  simple  uncompensated 
catenary  type  for  spans  of  between  50  aud  Ou  metres,  with  puU- 
ofis  on  the  curves  to  bring  back  the  overhead  conductor  towaixls 
the  centre  of  the  track  when  necessary.  The  catenary  cable 
should  in  this  case  invariably  be  anchored  to  the  insulator  at 
each  bracket. 

Poles  made  of  reinforced  concrete  are  too  expensive,  and 
owing  to  their  weight  too  difficult  to  erect  for  existing  lines. 
The  "Midi"  type  of  pole,  com^iosed  of  old  rails  fastened  to- 
gether, is  very  suitable  for  single-track  lines,  even  if  it  has  to 
support  high-tension  cables,  provided  that  these  cables  are 
epaced  at  equal  distances  with  reference  to  the  axis  of  the  pole. 
'ihey  cost  very  much  less  than  other  poles,  are  easy  to  erect, 
and  do  not  sensibly  obstruct  the  view. 

For  a  double  track  with  high-tension  cables,  the  "  Midi  "  pole 
made  up  of  rails  is  not  sufficiently  strong,  and  lattice-poles  must 
be  used. 

The  overhead  conductor  is  of  red  copper,  100  square  milli- 
metres in  cross-section,  of  circular  section,  grooved  for  taking 
the  suspension  clamps. 

The  liigh-tension  transmission  comprises  two  lines,  usually  in 
parallel,  each  consisting  of  two  aluminium  cables,  which  have 
131  square  millimetres  cross-section  on  the  branches  from  Arreau 
to  Pierrefitte,  and  81  square  millimetres  cross-section  on  the 
other  lines. 

The  insulators  are  of  porcelain  on  the  line  from  Lourdes  to 
Pierrefitte,  and  of  glass  everywhere  else.  The  high-tension 
insulators  have  been  tested  to  150,000  volts,  and  those  for  the 
overhead  conductor  at  4,500  volts. 

Opposite  each  pole,  to  ensure  that  the  rail  shall  not  have  a 
higu  potential  with  respect  to  the  earth,  the  track  rail  and  the 
pole  are  connected  together  and  to  earth.  The  rail  joints  are 
copper  bonded. 

On  the  first  section,  which  is  a  single  track,  of  which  the 
length  is  21  km.,  with  a  high-tension  transmission  line,  the  total 
cost  amounted  to  410,000  fr.,  including  the  equipment  of  the 
station  sidings,  except  those  at  Loiu-des,  and  all  accessories. 
The  equipment  works  out  then  at  19,500  fr.  per  kilometre. 

On  the  sections  from  Tarbes  to  Lourdes,  double  track  with 
high  voltage  transmission  of  which  the  length  is  21  km.,  the  cost 
of  equipment  reaches  450,000  fr.  under  the  same  conditions  as 
those  above.  The  equipment  works  out  in  this  case  at  21,500  fr. 
per  kilometre. 

The  cost  of  equipment  of  large  railway  stations  is  not  yet 
known ;  this  will  vary  with  each  station  in  accordance  with  local 
conditions. 

For  the  Central  Pyrenees  there  will  be  two  generating 
stations,  at  Soulom  and  Ejet.  For  the  lines  crossing  the 
Pyrenees  there  will  also  be  two  generating  stations,  at  Porte 
aud  Soussoueou.  For  the  line  between  Perpignan  and  Ville- 
franche the  generating  station  will  be  at  Fontpedrouse. 

At  the  station  at  Soulom  the  work  is  iu  the  most  advanced 
state.  The  power  continuously  available  amounts  to  a  total  of 
10,300  h.p.  This  power,  thanks  to  large  reservoirs  constructed 
at  the  head  of  the  pipe  lines,  may  reach  18,000  h.p.  for  periods 
sufficient  to  ensure  the  train  service. 

Tlie  four  transmission  lines  leaving  the  station  are  protected 
by  a  large  choking  coil,  an  electrolytic  lightning  arrester,  and  a 
water-jet  discharger.  A  Tirrill  regulator  is  provided  to  keep 
the  voltage  constant  in  spite  of  the  very  considerable  variations 
in  load  on  the  high-tension  line. 

It  appears  that  the  cost  per  horse-power  installed  will  work 
out  at  about  500  fr. 

The  station  at  Eget  has  not  yet  been  started.  It  will  have 
an  output  of  about  18,000  h.p. 

The  sub-stations  will  be  five  in  number,  and  are  placed  at 
Montrejeau,  Lannemezan,  Tarbes,  Lourdes,  and  Pau.  Their 
normal  output  is  2,500  k.v.a. ;  they  will  have  an  overload 
capacity  of  3,750  k.v.a.  for  one  hour,  and  of  5,000  k.v.a.  for  one 
or  two  minutes. 

Wor^on  the  generating  stations  at  Porte  and  Soussoueou 
has  no^'et  begun.  At  Porte  power  to  the  extent  of  3,500  h.p. 
will  be  continuously  available. 

The  work  at  the  generating  station  at  Fontpedrouse  is  as 
advanced  as  that  at  the  station  at  Soulom  ;  the  station  will  be 
put  to  work  towards  the  middle  of  June.  Tlie  continuous  power 
available  at  the  shaft  of  the  turbines  is  2,600  h.p..  and  this 
liower  may  be  increased  to  3,600  h.p.  for  an  hour  and  a  half  by 
making  use  of  the  storage  water  available  at  the  head  works  and 
in  the  reservoir. 

The  rolling  stock  consists  of  locomotives  and  motor-cars.  The 
locomotives  are  especially  intended  for  the  hauling  of  long  goods 
trains  coming  from  or  going  to  non-electrified  sections.  The 
motor-cars  are  provided  exclusively  for  branch  lines  and  for 
trains  working  on  the  electrified  section  only.  Chiefly  for  the 
purpose  of  gaining  the  necessary  information  to  decide  on  the 
type  of  locomotives  and  motor-car,  the  Compagnie  du  Midi  in 
li)12  arranged  for  the  tests  already  mentioned  on  the  line  from 
Perpignan  to  Villefranche.  /^ 

In  these  tests  locomotives  were  employed  capable  of  starting    ^ 
a  400-ton   train  on   an   up-grade  of  11    mm.   per  metre,   and  in    '- 
addition  of  hauling  a  train  of  100  tons  at  a  speed  of  60  km.  per   7, 
hour,  and  a  train  of  280  tons  at  a  spewl  of  45  km.  per  hour  over   .• 
the  hilly  section  from  Tile  to  Villofraiuho,  which  has  long  and 
numerous  gradients   of   17   mm.    per   metre   and   some   even   of 
21   mm.       On   a  down-gradient  those  locomotives  were  able  to 
deal,  by  electric  braking  alone,  with  the  same  loads  at  speeds 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,8..:),  June  i;;,  iyi:t. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


\H)'J 


capable  of  being  rogulatod  by  the  diivor  butwouii  llic  upgrade 
«uci!<1h  iukI  oiiolialf  of  those  speeilH.  Tho  electric  braking  can 
bo  obtained  by  returning  tiiu  energy  given  out  by  the  motor*, 
oitluT  to  tho  transiniHsion  (regenerative  braking),  or  el«o  to 
resistiineea.  i-     ■         ,      ■        f 

Tho  motorcars  can  haul  over  tho  above  gradients  a  tram  ol 
lOU  tons,  motorcar  included,  at  a  speed  ol'  05  km.  per  hour, 
jind  on  llio  down  grade  cluclrio  braking  ocuurs  under  the  condi- 
tions iiulicaled  above,  but  without  always  returning  current  to 
tho  line. 

Three  of  the  loconiolivcs  tested  aatisfied  the  conditions  im- 
posed. These  locomotives  were  conslructod  by  the  Ateliers  do 
■Constructions  Electricpies  du  Nord  et  de  I'Kat,  by  the  Com- 
pagnio  fraii(,ai80  Thonison-Iiousloii,  and  by  the  Compagnie 
fran(;aiso  Westiughouae.  Tiie  motor-car  constructed  by  this 
latter  linn  also  satislied  the  conditions.  These  tests  are  not 
yet  concluded.  ^_ 

In  the  locomotive  maAe  by  the  "  Ateliers  du  Nord  et  de  rEst 
tho  toi(iuc  of  tho  motor  is  transmitted  to  the  wheel  by  a  pinion 
keyed   to    tho   motor   shaft   and   a  spur  wheel  driving   the   axle 
through  a  spring  coupling. 

This  arrangement,  demanding  the  use  of  at  least  one  motor 
per  axle,  allows  the  power  to  be  divided  up  among  several 
motors,  which  simplifies  their  construction  and  also  the  design 
of  the  locomotive.  But  it  has  the  drawback  of  lowering  the 
centre  of  gravity  of  tho  locomotive,  which  results  in  punishing 
the  track.  The  test  locomotive  weighs  86  tons,  and  current  is 
taken  from  the  lino  by  two  pantographs.  Control  is  effected  by 
means  of  an  induction  regulator,  which  allows  of  contactors  be- 
ing dispensed  with.  The  working  of  this  regulator  gave  satis- 
faction during  the  tests. 

Tho  motors  are  of  the  Latour  series-repulsion  type.  They  are 
designed  to  start  as  repulsion  motors  and  to  change  to  series 
motors  automatically  us  soon  as  the  speed  reaches  25  km.  per 
hour,  which  corresponds  with  synchronism.  Each  motor  is  able 
to  develop  400  h.p.  for  6  hours,  and  500  h.p.  for  1  hour. 

During  the  repulsion  working  the  stators  of  the  three  motors 
are  connected  in  parallel,  so  that  each  rotor  cannot  take  up  a 
■speed  appreciably  different  from  that  of  the  other  two.  This 
provides  an  electric  coupling  which  has  given  good  results  dur- 
ing the  tests.     Forced  air  ventilation  of  the  motors  is  used. 

For  the  regenerative  braking  the  motors  working  as  genera- 
tors employ  for  their  excitation  current  lagging  90  deg.  behind 
the  supply  current.  This  current  is  furnished  by  a  winding  on 
the  stator  of  the  ventilating  fan  motors.  After  some  initial 
•trouble  the  regenerative  working  has  given  complete  satisfaction. 
On  test  this  locomotive  has  hauled  a  train  of  100  tons  on  an 
up-grade  of  17  mm.  at  a  speed  of  60  km.  per  hour,  taking  from 
the  station  860  kw.  ;  a  train  of  280  tons  on  the  same  incline  at 
a  speed  of  41  km.  per  hour,  taking  from  the  station  1,150  kw. 
The  electric  braking  requirements  on  descending  grades  have 
teen  fulfilled,  and  the  power  returned  to  the  line  has  often 
reached  350  kw.  With  regenerative  braking  the  power  factor 
is  very  nearly  unity.  The  current  given  out  by  the  motor  may, 
in  fact,  actually  be  in  phase  with  the  pressure,  or  even  leading 
in  phase. 

The  Compagnie  du  Midi  has  ordered  eight  locomotives  of 
this  type,  with  the  power  increased  to  1,500  h.p.  continuously, 
•or  1,800  h.p.  for  1  hour,  with  a  max.  speed  of  90  km.  per  hour. 
The  repulsion  working  at  starting  is  to  be  suppressed,  and  the 
electric  coupling  of  the  axles  to  be  retained  at  all  speeds.  The 
locomotive  to  weigh  90  tons. 

The  locomotive  made  by  the  Compagnie  frangaise  Thomson- 
Houston  is  equipped  with  two  motors  only,  and  the  use  of 
connecting  rods  has  been  unavoidable.  The  locomotive  weighs 
■S9  tons.  The  electric  control  is  effected  by  varying- the  voltage 
supplied  to  the  motors,  requiring  the  use  of  contactors  con- 
nected to  tappings  on  the  secondary  of  the  main  transformers. 

The  motors  are  of  the  series-repulsion  type,  and  the  connec- 
tions are  automatically  made  for  repulsion  working  for  speeds 
below  25  km.  per  hour.  The  working  of  this  arrangement  has 
given   trouble.     The  makers   are   engaged  on   a   new  design. 

The  Westinghouse  locomotive  is  equipped  with  two  motors, 
requiring  the  use  of  idle  shafts  and  connecting  rods.  The  trial 
locomotive  weighs  82  tons.  The  electrical  control  is  effected  by 
varying  the  voltage  supplied  to  the  motors  by  means  of 
contactors.  The  motors  are  of  the  compensated  series  type  and 
work  in  series  all  the  time;  they  have  forced  ventilation,  and 
■can  develop  600  h.p.  for  6  hours,  and  700  h.p.  for  1  hour.  The 
motors  are  not  designed  for  repulsion  working. 

When  a  high-tension  power  transmission  line  and  a  telephone 
or  telegraph  line  happen  to  run  close  together  for  a  considerable 
distance,  the  former  sets  up  induced  electromotive  forces  in  the 
latter,  resulting  in  disturbances  in  the  receivers.  Disagreeable, 
if  not  dangerous,  results  may  follow  to  workmen  and  to  the 
public.  These  phenomena  are  produced  with  special  intensity  if 
the  two  lines  are  alongside  railway  track,  and  if  alternating 
current  is  returned  by  the  running  rails.  In  such  a  ease,  the 
current  instead  of  returning  wholly  by  the  rails  returns  in 
greater  or  less  proportio  nthroiigh  the  earth,  thus  affecting  the 
telegraph   apparatus,   which  works  with   an   earth   circuit. 

Up  to  the  present  the  precautions  taken  to  avoid  these  dis- 
turbances are  neither  completely  efficacious  nor  practically 
realisable,  owing  to  their  cost.  This  applies  to  the  replacement 
of  the  lines  affected,  and  the  use  of  telegraph  circuits  without 
earth  connections. 

It  was  considered  hotter  to  find  a  solution  of  the  problem  by 
the  use  of  apparatus  capable  of  neutralising  the  effects  of  the 
disturbing  currents.  Among  those  which  have  been  considered, 
that  of  M.  Girousse  has  proved  successful  in  the  protection  of 
Morse  apparatus,  as  has  been  demonstrated  in  official  tests. 
The   company   is   about  to   apply   these   protectors   in   the   first 


place  to  the  railway  ittalinn  apparatuji  on  tho  line  from  lVTp)j5 
nan  to  Villefrunche,  and  will  bring  thcin  into  general  »»'■,  if 
rciiuired,  on  the  whole  of  the  ulectnlled  BCction.  The  I'ost  and 
Telegraph  AdiniiiiHlrulion  liaH  decidwl  t«  iiislall  thiii  appiiralun 
in  8ui.il  oflierrt  uu  are  alTcctiKl  by  tho  Irnttioii  current. 

In  order  to  ciiHure  HtttiMfiiotory  working  of  tho  !•  . 
Administration  is  about  to  replace  ordinary  insula''  ^ 

of  greater  insulation  nwiHtonoe,  to  traiiHpoiio  the  Iv.  ,  ly 

UOO  or  400  nietri.*,  and  to  insert  transformer*  belwei.ii  ili-:  luien 
and  tiic  receiving  upparatua.  This  last  arrangement,  the  obj»!Ct 
of  which  is  to  save  users  from  dangeroun  or  perhapH  only  dis- 
agreeable shock.s,  has  the  drawback  of  weokening  the  s^jund  of 
tho  voice;  it  is  the  name  fault  which  hitherto  ha«  prevented  the 
use  of  protectors  for  telephonic  apparatus.  Neverthele**,  ex- 
periments with  these  protectors  have  not  been  given  up. 

The  Compagnie  du  Midi  will  probably  have  to  pay  the  cost  of 
all  this  work.  That  will  not  prevent  it  from  trying  all  Huilable 
means  for  rendering  the  traction  current  as  harmleBO  as  possi- 
bio  to  telegraph  and  telephone  linee.  For  this  purpose  the  com- 
pany contemplates  the  addition  to  tho  alternators  and  to  the 
motors  of  arrangements  for  damping  the  high  harmonics,  to 
which  tho  disturbing  phenomena  should  be  attributed  to  a  large 
extent. 

From  the  foregoing  account  it  is  clear  that  the  electrification 
of  a  largo  railway  system  is  to  be  undertaken  by  the  Compagnie 
du  Midi,  under  conditions  as  advantageous  as  possible. 


Fetrol-Electric  Motor-Vehicles. 

By  Monsieur  J.  B.  G.  Damoiseau. 

Of  the  various  heat  engines  capable  of  application  to  antomobilea 
running  on  rails,  the  internal-combustion  engine  using  liquid  fuel 
— petrol  or  benzol — is  the  only  practical  type.  Continuous  current 
is  likewise  universally  employed. 

The  design  adopted  for  motor-vehicles  using  internal- combustion 
engines  is  necessitated  by  the  limitations  of  these  engines.  Thus, 
as  internal-combustion  engines  are  unable  to  start  under  load,  means 
must  be  provided  for  starting  them  light.  Moreover,  such  engines 
give  a  practically  constant  torque,  and  to  be  economical  should  run 
at  a  speed  below  that  corresponding  with  maximum  power  so  as  to 
prevent  the  engine  being  pulled  up  ;  but  as  they  must  operate 
somewhere  near  that  critical  speed,  it  follnws  that  it  is  essential  to 
introduce  gearing  between  the  engine  and  the  axles  so  that  the 
speed  of  the  car  can  be  varied  whilst  that  of  the  engine  remains 
uniform. 

As  the  internal-combustion  engine  can  work  either  at  constant 
or  variable  power  (.by  regulating  the  admission  of  the  fuel),  and 
the  power  required  for  traction  is  also  variable,  two  distinct 
methods  may  be  considered  : — 

(a)  An  arrangement  comprising  a  means  of  storing  energy  and 
for  dealing  with  the  fluctuations  in  the  demand  for  energy  whilst 
the  engine  generates  constant  output.  This  method  has  the  advan- 
tage of  allowing  the  energy  to  be  stored  which  is  produced  when 
the  car  runs  down  gradients,  and  whilst  braking. 

(J)  An  arrangement  in  which  energy  is  not  stored,  and  in  which 
the  engine  supplies  the  power  necessary  for  driving  the  vehicle. 

There  are  at  the  present  time  automobiles  with  internal- 
combustion  engines  and  mechanical,  electrical,  and  mixed  drive  ; 
but  those  with  the  mixed  drive  are  the  only  ones  in  which 
accumulators  are  utilised.  The  present  paper  deals  with  motor- 
cars with  internal-combustion  engines  and  with  electrical  or  mixed 
drive. 

In  1904-5  the  Societe  Anonyme  de  Locomotion  Electriqne, 
owners  in  France  of  the  Heilmann  patent?,  built  a  petrol-electric 
vehicle  to  demonstrate  its  practical  value.  At  about  the  same 
period  trials  with  motor-vehicles  were  being  carried  out  in  England 
by  the  North- Ea<itern  Railway  Co.  ;  the  petrol  engine  was  con- 
structed by  the  Wclseley  Tool  and  Motor-CarCo  ,and  the  electrical 
equipment  was  supplied  by  the  British  Westinghouse  Elfctrio  and 
Manufacturing  Co.  These  two  cars  were  only  test  cars  to  prove 
the  practical  value  of  this  form  of  traction. 

The  first  exploitation  of  petrol -electric  motor-vehicles  dates  back 
to  the  years  190.-)-(!,  and  was  undertaken  by  the  Hungarian  Arad 
Osanad  Railway.  This  railway  system  has  normal  gauge  and  a 
length  of  400  km.  It  was  worked  at  first,  as  f.ir  as  the  passenger 
trathc  was  concerned,  with  36  petrol-electric  car.^  of  two  types. 
Those  destined  for  flow  trains  had  each  a  petrol  engine  of  30  H.P., 
and  those  for  fa-?t  trains  a  70-H.P.  engine.  The  petrol  engines  and 
the  generators  of  all  these  cars  were  supplied  by  the  Societe  de 
Dion-Bouton. 

As  traffic  increased  in  consequence  of  the  introduction  of  this 
kind  of  traction,  the  railway  company  was  induced,  so  that  trailers 
could  be  added,  to  increase  the  equipment  from  30  h.p.  to  40  H.P. 
It  was  found  essential  t.i  increase  the  power  still  more.  A 
Hungarian  firm,  a  branch  of  the  Societe  Westinehouse  du  Havre, 
was  asked  to  undertake  this  transformation,  which  is  still  being 
carried  out.  The  cars  at  present  in  use  are  of  40  and  70  H.P. 
(Dion-Bouton)  and  60  and  !)0  h.p.  (Westinghnuse).  This  is  at 
present  the  most  important  application  of  this  kind  of  traction  in 
Europe. 

The  Dion-Bontnn  cars  have  each  a  petrol  engine  with  four 
vertical  cylinders  driving  through  a  flexible  couplinea  continuous- 
current  compound-wound  generator  running  at  .'lOO  volts.  This 
group  supplies  electrical  energy  to  two  electric  motors  which 
drive  the  two  asle^  of  the  car,  A  controller  ii  fitted  in  the  driver's 
cabin,  with  one  handle  for  operating  the  car  in  either  direction,  and 

B 


970 


THE    ELECTKICAL    EEVIEW 


[Vol.  72.     No.  l,8r,5,  June  i:i,  1913. 


connected  for  series-parallel  working:,  the  speed  of  the  car  being 
controlled  in  that  way.  This  controller  is  fitted  with  four  notches 
for  forward  running-,  and  only  one  for  reverse.  The  air  required 
for  ths  brake  is  supplied  by  an  air  compressor  worked  elec- 
trically and  provided  with  an  aatomatic  pressure  regulator. 
When  the  cnrrert  is  interrupted  by  means  of  the  controller 
the  engine  runs  at  the  reduced  speed  of  :500  b.p.m.  When  the 
controller  is  brought  into  operation,  the  current  supplied  by  the 
generator  has  the  effect  of  opening  gradually  the  regulating  valve, 
consequently  of  increasing  the  speed  and  the  power  of  the  engine. 
When  the  speed  of  the  engine  is  sufficiently  high,  the  car  starts, 
and  its  speed  can  be  regulated  by  the  controller. 

The  two  four-pole  motors  are  of  the  series  type.  The  field  coils 
of  each  motor  are  connected  two  in  series,  and  each  pair  can  be 
connected  in  series  or  parallel.  In  order  to  pass  from  one  notch 
to  another,  whether  for  increasing  or  decreasing  the  speed  of  the 
car,  the  driver  first  operates  the  control  valve  so  as  to  reduce  the 
speed  of  the  petrol  engine,  then  places  the  controller  in  the  posi- 
tion required  for  the  desired  speed,  and  finally  brings  back  the 
control  valve  to  its  first  position  corresponding  with  normal  speed. 
This  method  of  working  is  to  prevent  the  current  being  broken  at 
the  controller.  The  petrol  engines  have  four  cylinders,  and  run  at 
1,000  K.P  M. 

The  cars  are  heated  by  the  water  which  circulates  in  the  cylinder 
jackets,  and  are  lighted  by  means  of  acetylene.  The  -IO-h.p.  cars 
provide  sealing  accommodation  for  42  passengers,  and  weigh 
IH  tons  :  the  70-n.i>.  cars  seat  39  pacEengers,  and  weigh  lt>'.5  tons. 
Each  of  these  motor-cars  is  capable  of  hauling  two  trailers  with 
seating  siccommodation  for  9G  passengers,  and  of  a  total  weight  of 
12  ti  tons. 

The  motor  vehicles  on  the  Westinghouse  system  are  of  two 
types.  The  first  has  a  60-h.i>.  petrol  engine  with  four  cylinders, 
and  the  other  has  a  90-li.r.  engine  with  six  cylinders.  The  engine 
is  connected  through  a  flexible  coupling  to  a  continuous-current 
generator  with  shunt  excitation.  The  pressure  of  the  generator 
can  be  varied  between  300  and  .").50  volts  by  altering  its  excitation 
and  the  speed  of  the  engine.  The  generator  supplies  current  to  the 
two  electric  motors  driving  the  axles  of  the  car.  The  electrical 
plant  is  always  placed  crosswise  in  the  driver's  cabin. 

Each  driver's  cabin  contains  a  special  controller  with  two  handles 
for  connecting  the  motors  in  series  or  parallel,  adjusting  the  ex- 
citation of  the  generator,  varying  the  speed  of  the  petrol  engine  and 
of  the  car  in  either  direction  :  the  air  brake  is  generally  fed  by 
an  electrically-operated  compressor  having  an  automatic  pressure 
regulator. 

The  driver  starts  the  car  and  regulates  the  speed  by  means  of  the 
controller,  which  connects  the  motors  Ln  series  or  parallel,  and  also 
varies  the  excitation  of  the  generator.  To  vary  the  amount  of  air 
admitted  to  the  carburetter,  and  thus  the  speed  of  the  engine,  the 
driver  turns  the  top  portion  of  the  controller  handle,  which,  by 
means  of  a  connecting  wire,  acts  on  the  governor  of  the  engine. 
This  control  is,  therefore,  independent  of  the  field  circuit  of  the 
generator  and  the  connections  of  the  motors.  If  the  stud  in  the 
handle  is  released  the  engine  slows  down,  and  the  car  stops.  This 
contrivance  operates,  therefore,  in  the  case  of  any  failure  on  the 
part  of  the  driver.  The  Westinghouse  cars  are  able  to  haul  one  or 
two  trailers. 

The  Prussian  State  Railway  management  in  1907  adopted  some 
petrol-electric  cars  made  by  the  Allgemeine  Elektricitiits  Gelleschaft 
and  the  Bergmann  Elektricitiits-'Cnternehmnngen  Aktien-Gesell- 
schaft. 

Esich  of  the  cars  equipped  by  Messrs.  Bergmann  comprises  an 
electric  generating  set,  spring-supported,  which  rests  directly  on 
the  two  axles  of  one  of  the  two  bogies  of  the  car,  the  other  bogie 
carrying  two  electric  motors,  to  which  current  is  supplied  by  the 
generator.  This  arrangement  facilitates  the  rapid  replacing  of  the 
set,  and  avoids  the  transmission  of  the  vibrations  due  to  the  engine 
to  the  body  of  the  car.  The  hody  of  the  car  is  entirely  dintinct 
from  the  generating  plant,  the  engine  being  covered  with  a 
removable  hood.  The  benzol  engine  has  six  cylinders,  and  develops 
about  100  H.p.  at  700  k.p  si.  A  centrifugal  governor  controls  the 
admission  of  the  gas,  and  is  connected  to  the  controller  handle,  so 
that  the  speed  of  the  engine  is  reduced  automatically  to  one-third 
when  the  engine  runs  without  a  load. 

The  engine  is  started  by  means  of  compressed  air  obtained  from 
the  reservoir  for  the  air  brake,  the  air  compressor  being  driven 
by  a  benzol  engine.  The  engine  weighs  2, ,500  kilograms.  The 
liquid  fuel  is  stored  in  a  reservoir,  being  covered  with  an  inert  gas 
nnder  pressure,  either  nitrogen  or  carbonic  acid  gas  being  used  ; 
the  latter  are  stored  in  a  gas  cylinder.  The  continuous-current 
generator,  the  pressure  of  which  is  varied  by  altering  its  excitation, 
is  direct  coupled  to  the  engine,  and  is  fitted  with  commutating 
poles  and  a  compensating  winding.  It  can  develop  continuously 
6r>  KW.  at  300  volts  and  700  b.p.m.  As  the  speed  of  the  car  is  only 
controlled  by  varying  the  excitation  of  the  generator,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  use  accumulators  to  maintain  a  steady  pressure  for  the 
electric  lighting  of  the  car,  the  electric  alarm  bell,  the  field  wind- 
ings of  the  motors,  and  for  exciting  the  main  automatic  switch. 
By  means  of  a  special  arrangement,  this  generator  with  its  variable 
pressure  can  supply  current  to  the  auxiliary  circuit  for  charging 
the  battery. 

Each  of  the  two  electric  motors,  which  are  of  the  scrips  type 
and  are  fitted  with  commutating  poles,  can  develop  8.5  HP.  for  one 
hour.  The  controller  is  fitted  with  a  push  button,  so  that  should 
the  driver  remove  his  hand  from  the  controlling  handle  when  the 
latter  is  on  one  of  the  forward  notches,  the  whole  of  the  current 
is  cut  off  and  the  compressed-air  brake  is  immediately  brought  into 
action. 

This  car,  with  accommodation  for  100  passengers,  weighs  47  tons, 
and  reaches  on  a  level  a  speed  of  70  km.  per  hour. 


The  motor-vehicles  supplied  by  the  A. E.G.  Co.  for  the  Prussian 
State  Railways  are  arranged  to  a  considerable  extent  on  the  same 
plan  as  those  of  the  Bergmann  Co.  The  electric  lighting  of  the 
car  is  supplied  from  the  exciter  and  the  battery,  which  are  con- 
nected in  parallel  when  the  speed  of  the  electric  generator  is 
700  K.P..M.  When  the  speed  is  below  this,  the  exciter  is  auto- 
matically cut  out  of  circuit  and  the  lighting  is  obtained  from 'the 
battery.  The  car  provides  accommodation  for  9.5  passengers,  weighs 
55  tons,  and  has  a  speed  on  the  level  of  (15  km.  per  hour. 

The  same  company  has  built,  for  branch  lines,  another  type  of 
petrol-electric  car  of  65  H.P.,  which  was  recently  placed  in  service 
on  the  East  German  railway  system  at  Konigsberg,  East  Prussia. 

In  the  motor- vehicles  of  the  General  Electric  Co.,  U.S  A.,  the  two 
electric  motors  are  lodged  on  the  front  bogie  beneath  the  driver's 
cabin.  The  main  set  consists  of  a  gasolene  engine  driving  at  one 
side  an  electric  generator  and  at  the  other  an  air  compressor.  The 
auxiliary  set  comprises  a  petrol  engine  driving  an  electric  generator 
and  an  air  compressor. 

The  main  engine  has  eight  cylinders,  and  runs  at  55ii  b.p.m. 
The  generator  has  eight  poles  as  well  as  commutating  poles,  and 
supplies  100-KW.  continuous-current  at  000  volts.  The  voltage  of 
the  generator  varies  from  2C0  to  800  volts,  according  to  the  power 
required  for  traction. 

The  two  electric  motors,  which  are  fitted  with  commutating  poles, 
are  designed  for  a  pressure  of  GOO  volts  and  can  each  develop 
100  H.p.  for  one  hour. 

The  controller  connects  the  motors  in  series  and  parallel  and 
varies  the  excitation  of  the  main  generator. 

The  cars  are  constructed  entirely  of  metal,  having  seating  accom- 
modation for  GO  to  100  passengers,  and  weigh  from  40  to  50  tons. 
They  are  capable  of  developing  a  draw-bar  pull  of  about  5,500 
kilograms,  and  a  speed  on  the  level  of  about  90  km.  per  hour. 

The  Great  Western  Railway  Co.  of  England  is  at  present  experi- 
menting with  a  motor-vehicle  having  only  two  axles,  and  the 
electric  equipment  has  been  supplied  by  the  British  Thomson- 
Houston  Co. 

The  petrol  engine  of  40  h.p.  drives  a  dynamo  which  supplies 
current  to  two  electric  motors,  each  of  which  transmits  power  to 
one  axle.  This  car  weighs  14  tons,  and  has  seating  accommodation 
for  4  4  passengers. 

The  petrol-electric  motor- vehicles  at  present  undergoing  trials  on 
the  Swedish  State  Railways  are  the  first  to  be  equipped  with  Diesel 
engines  for  use  on  railways,  to  reduce  the  cost  of  fuel.  Each 
motor-vehicle  has  a  Diesel  engine  of  75  h.p.  at  700  revs,  per  minute, 
coupled  to  a  50- kw.  continuous-current  generator  feeding  the  two 
electric  motors,  each  of  30  h.p.  The  Diesel  engine  used  has  six 
vertical  cylinders,  water-cooled,  and  a  supplementary  cylinder  for 
supplying  the  compressed  air  necessary  for  starting  the  engine  and 
for  injecting  the  petrol  for  starting.  The  fuel  consumption  is  said 
to  be  225  grammes  of  oil  per  horse-power- hour  at  the  full  load  of 
75  H.P. 

The  generator  gives  a  variable,  pressure  from  zero  to  a  maximum 
of  440  volts  according  to  the  speed  of  the  engine.  It  has  commuta- 
ting poles  and  is  connected  to  the  engine  by  means  of  a  flexible 
coupling. 

A  battery  of  23  cells  and  of  200  ampere-hours  capacity  is  auto- 
matically connected  with  the  generator  when  running  without 
load,  i.f..  when  the  car  is  at  rest  or  running  down  an  incline.  This 
provides  the  lighting  of  the  car,  besides  supplying  the  auxiliary 
apparatus  used  in  working  the  car. 

The  speed  of  the  engine  is  regulated  by  a  small  electric  motor 
operated  from  the  controller.  No  starting  resistances  are  employed. 
When  the  normal  speed  of  the  engine  is  reached,  the  regulation  of 
speed  is  effected  automatically,  the  design  of  the  generator  and  of 
the  electric  motors  being  such  that  the  power  taken  from  the  petrol 
engine  is  remarkably  constant  and  cannot  exceed  the  maximum 
power  that  the  engine  can  give. 

The  arrangement  to  ensure  the  greatest  measure  of  safety  in 
working  is  as  follows,  one  attendant  only  being  required  :  On  the 
roof  of  the  car  and  on  each  side  wooden  bars  have  been  fixed  for 
keeping  a  spring  mechanism  in  position.  If  the  car  passes  beyond 
a  signal  which  is  at  danger,  one  of  the  bars  strikes  an  arm  fixed  to 
the  signal,  opens  a  switch  in  the  motor  circuit,  and  puts  the  air 
brake  in  action,  thus  stopping  the  train. 

These  motor-vehicles  seat  39  passengers,  weigh  26  tons  and  are 
built  for  a  maximum  speed  of  60  km.  per  hour.  The  electric  equip- 
ment was  supplied  by  the  Allmjiona  Svenska  Elektriska  Aktiebo- 
laget. 

The  automobiles  on  the  Pieper  system  are  of  the  mixed-trans- 
mission type,  with  energy  storage  and  regeneration.  In  this  system 
the  internal-combustion  engine  drives  the  axles  directly  by  means 
of  a  cardan  shaft  and  bevel  gear.  A  shunt-dynamo  fixed  on  the 
engine  shaft  is  connected  to  a  battery  of  accumulators. 

When  the  power  of  the  engine  is  insufficient,  the  battery  auto- 
matically supplies  energy  to  the  dynamo,  which  then  operates  as 
a  motor.  When  the  power  given  by  the  engine  is  in  excess  of  that 
required  for  traction,  or-when  the  kinetic  energy  of  the  car  can  be 
recuperated,  i.e.,  when  the  car  is  slowing  down  or  running  down  a 
gradient,  the  dynamo  works  automatically  as  a  generator  and 
charges  the  battery. 

The  admission  of  the  gas  to  the  engine  is  controlled  by  an  auto- 
matic regulator  consisting  of  a  differential  solenoid. 

The  driver  starts  the  engine  by  sending  the  current  from  the 
battery  into  th?  dynamo,  which  is  excited  to  the  maximum.  The 
engine  having  been  started,  the  driver  admits  current  from  the 
battery  gradually  into  the  electromagnetic  clutch.  This  starts  the 
car  smoothly,  and  its  speed  is  afterwards  increased  by  gradually 
diminishing  the  excitation  of  the  dynamo.  Its  control  is  after- 
wards effected  automatically. 

When  the  car  reaches  a  gradient,  should  the  resisting  torque  on 


Vol.72.      No.    I.K.-.f),  JUNIO    lit,    I9i:i.  I 


'I'll 


''J.KCTUICAL    UEVIKW. 


1)71 


the  whrolH  bcdonio  (trcater  than  tho  lurninir  moiiinnt  of  the  oiiifiiic, 
the  Hpood  of  tlie  latter  (limiiiiHhflH,  tho  voltotro  of  th(i  ilynaiiio  falU 
and  bcconu'H  Ichh  than  that  of  tho  batU'ry.  Thn  bultory  then  diH- 
chartjintf  into  tho  liynnmo  prodiiucH  u  toniiio  which  uhhIhIh  that  of 
the  oiitfino  until  it  biilancfH  the  reHiMtintr  toniuo  of  the  car.  The 
aBHintin(;  couple  produced  by  the  motor  if,  mortx)vcr,  a  maximum, 
since  tho  admiHsion  of  tho  pan,  which  in  (governed  by  the  diHchari^o 
current,  is  likewise  at  a  maxinimn. 

Similarly,  whon  tho  car  arrivcH  on  a  (rnidient,  if  the  reaiHtintt 
couple  in  less  than  tho  turnini;  moment  of  the  entfine,  the  Bpeed  of 
th«  latter  tends  to  increanc,  and  the  voltatfc  of  the  dynamo  rinoH  ho 
that  the  dynamo  bejf  ins  to  char(fe  the  battery.  ThiH  charging:  current 
passing''  through  the  regulator  rewults  in  the  rate  of  admiHsion  of  the 
f»aB  beinff  reduced  to  the  minimum  and  the  toniue  of  the  enifine 
becomes  zero.  For  each  section  of  the  route,  equilibrium  is 
obtained  between  the  three  torques,  viz.,  the  torque  of  the  car,  the 
toniue  of  the  enpfiue,  and  the  opposing  or  motorinf;  torque  of  the 
dynamo. 

In  order  to  .'"low  down  or  accelerate  at  will  the  speed  of  the  car, 
it  is  sufficient  to  upset  this  equilibrium.  To  slow  down,  the 
resistintr  tonjue  must  be  increased  ;  this  is  done  by  the  driver 
increasinfj  the  excitation  of  the  dynamo,  which  then  besins  tC' 
charije  the  battery.  This  charfjiner  current  diminishes  the  rate  of 
admission  of  the  (jas  and  consequently  the  drivinpr  toniue.  The 
kinetic  energy  stored  in  the  car  is  thus  restored  to  the  battery. 
For  accelerating  purposes  the  driving  torque  must  be  increased,,  i.f., 
the  excitation  must  be  diminished.  W'hen  the  car  is  at  rest,  fehe 
engine  clutch  is  disengaged.  The  engine  may  then  be  either  stopped 
or  changed  to  low  speed  in  order  to  charge  the  battery. 

This  description  shows  that  the  internal-combustion  engine 
owing  to  its  constant  connection  with  the  axles  of  the  car,  and 
owing  to  the  fact  of  its  being  automatically  governed,  works  with 
variable  cut-off.  This  type  of  motor-vehicle,  which  requires 
accumulators,  has  also  the  advantage  of  storing  energy  when  the 
car  is  slowing  down  or  running  down  gradients.  In  the  motor- 
vehicles  in  operation  on  the  Pieper  system  in  France,  by  the  Com- 
pagnie  des  Chemins  de  Fer  de  Grande  Banlieue,  from  Saint-Germain 
to  Poissy,  the  generating  set  with  its  two  clutches  is  suspended  on 
springs  by  two  longitudinal  girders  from  the  frame  of  the  car, 
between  the  two  bogies,  below  the  luggage  compartment.  This  set 
drives  the  extreme  axle  of  each  bogie  through  a  cardan  shaft  and 
bevel  gear.  The  engine  has  four  cylinders,  and  uses  benzol  as 
fuel.  The  car  has  seating  accommodation  for  33  passengers  and 
standing  room  for  16.  It  weighs  217  tons,  and  can  haul  twO' 
10-ton  trailers. 

A  motor-vehicle  on  the  Thomas  petrol-electric  system,  with 
mixed  transmission,  is  in  service  on  the  Central  South  African^ 
Railway.*  This  car  has  a  petrol  engine,  epicyclic  gear  and  two 
dynamos.  The  whole  works  on  M.  Gasnier's  electromechanical 
method  of  varying  the  speed.  The  electric  generating  set  is 
placed  in  the  centre  of  the  car,  and  drives  through  a  cardan  shaft 
and  gear  the  extreme  axle  of  each  of  the  two  bogies. 

The  dynamos  are  series  wound,  and  are  permanently  connected 
in  series.  The  car  is  started  and  its  speed  controlled  by  varying  the 
excitation  of  the  two  dynamos.  The  engine  develops  120  H  F.  at 
670  R.P.M. 

The  car  has  seating  accommodation  for  42  passengers,  and 
weighs  2 To  tons  :  when  running  without  a  trailer  a  speed  of 
80  km.  per  hour  was  reached  on  the  level,  and  with  a  16-ton  trailer 
a  speed  of  70  km.  per  hour. 

The  advantages  of  independent  motor-vehicles,  no  matter  of  what 
type,  depend  essentially  on  the  possibility  of  forming  trains  of  less 
weight,  and  consequently  of  employing  a  greater  number  of  trains 
than  is  the  case  with  steam  locomotives.  This  increase  in  the 
number  and  fre(iuency  of  the  trains  should  result,  in  general,  in  an 
increase  in  traffic,  and  consequently  in  the  revenue,  which  would 
cover — supposing  that  the  working  expenses  are  not  too  high — 
.the  initial  capital  outlay  of  certain  secondary  or  local  lines 
which,  if  operated  with  steam  locomotives,  could  not  give  such  good 
results. 

This  use  of  independent  motor-vehicles  could  even  be  extended  to 
certain  main  lines  of  important  railway  systems,  and  would  allow 
an  increase  in  the  actual  overall  spped  of  long-distance  trains,  by 
doing  away  with  stops  at  the  less  important  stations,  such  stations 
being  served  with  independent  motor-trains.  This  method  of 
working,  viz.,  separating  the  general  traffic  from  the  local  traffic, 
would  make  it  possible  to  do  justice  to  the  requirements  of  these 
two  kinds  of  traffic,  which  requirements  are  at  present  so  con- 
flipting  ;  and  in  that  way  it  would  bring  about  an  increase  in  the 
speed  and  frequency  of  communication,  both  of  which  are  so  much 
insisted  upon  by  the  travelling  public. 

The  introduction  of  petrol-electric  cars  has  numerous  advan- 
tages. 

By  using  internal-combustion  engines  the  car  is  always  ready  to 
start,  and  only  a  short  time  is  required  to  take  in  fuel,  &c.,  for  long 
journeys.  The  start  is  as  rapid  as  in  the  case  of  all  vehicles  adapted 
for  ele'stric  traction,  consequently  the  net  speed  is  increased.  One 
man  only  is  required  to  drive  the  car,  which  is  easy  and  safe  to 
work.  The  driver  can  concentrate  all  his  attention  on  the  speed  of 
the  car,  and  on  the  track  and  the  signals.  The  absence  of  smoke, 
and  the  fact  that  he  stands  at  the  front  of  the  car,  facilitate  his 
observation  of  signals,  ki. 

The  petrol-electric  cars  are  very  flexible  as  regards  their  opera- 
tion, owing  to  the  system  of  control  employed.  If  the  stops  are 
of  long  duration  the  engine  can  be  shut  down  and  any  waste  of 
fuel  thus  avoided.  The  maintenance  of  petrol-electric  cars  can  be 
attended  to  without  interrupting  the  ."ervice.      Repairs  are  rarely 

*  This  system  was  fully  described  in  the  Electrical  Review, 
May  5th  and  June  23rd,  1911,  and  September  27th,  1912. 


neccHHary,  and  the  removal   from  Hcrvi-je   for  thin  purpose  in,  cooM- 
c|uently,  of  short  duration. 

The  use  of  two  drivern  cabinM  diMpi-ni-eH  with  the  rie':<*nitjr  of 
turning  tho  car  at  the  terminuH.  The  reduwd  weight  of  the  jxitrol- 
electric  cars  and  their  Miiiooth  running  re<lucc  the  wear  of  the  rails 
to  a  minimum. 

The  carH  can  be  coupled  together  by  very  Dimple  contrivance*  to 
form  traiuH,  which  can  bu  operated  from  one  of  the  driver'8  cabina, 
as  is  dono  in  the  case  of  multiple-unit  electric  traction. 

Finally,  the  petrol-electric  car,  liaving  no  permanent  mechanical 
connection  betwf^en  the  engine  and  the  bxIoh,  may  \x:  pla<!ed  |>etwccn 
any  two  carriages  of  a  train  haule<i  by  a  nU:atn  lo''omotive,  and 
may  be  used  as  an  ordinary  carriage.  At  any  point '■« /-""'e  the 
petrol-electric  car  may  then  be  removed  and  Mtntinue  its  journey  in 
any  desired  direction  by  its  own  means  of  propulnion.  In  this  way 
several  dintinct  trains  may  be  combined  as  one  train,  each  iteutioD 
branching  off  as  reciuired. 

The  principal  disadvantage  of  the  petrol-electric  car  conBiBta  in 
the  danger  of  fire,  conHe(iuent  on  the  use  of  a  highly  inflammable 
liquid  fuel.     However,  this  danger  can  be  completely  overcome. 

The  component  parts  are  very  simple,  and  the  most  complicated 
part,  the  internal-combustion  engine,  has  been  bo  extensively 
adopted  that  this  point  need  not  be  discussed. 

From  a  comparison  of  various  systems  it  follows  that  the 
simplicity  of  the  electric  transmission  and  its  flexibility  jastify 
its  almost  exclusive  adoption. 

The  liquid  fuels  used  for  motor-vehicles  are  :  gasoline  or  petrol 
(density,  0680— 0'72(i)  and  benzol  (density,  O'HHr,).  In  countries 
where  there  are  no  supplies  of  petrol,  the  present  practice  is  to 
use  bpnzol,  which  is  a  natural  product  distilled  from  coal-tar.  These 
two  fuels  have  practically  the  same  calorific  value,  produce  almost 
the  same  power  from  the  engine,  and  can  be  used  alternatively 
without  any  modification  of  the  plant.  When  using  benzol  it  is 
necessary  to  start  with  petrol  because  benzol  requires  »  certain 
amount  of  pre-heating. 

In  France  the  price  of  benzol  is  about  0'2.i  franc  per  litre,  whilst 
petrol,  owing  to  the  duty,  costs  0'35  franc. 

The  cost  of  fuel  could  be  very  much  reduced  by  using  heavy  oils 
derived  from  the  distillation  of  petroleum  or  tar,  the  prices  of  which 
are  at  present  relatively  low.  The  price  of  the  generating  eet  is 
higher,  both  as  regards  the  engine  and  the  generator,  on  acconnt  of 
the  lower  speed. 

The  price  of  a  petrol- electric  car  varies  from  40,000  to  150,000 
francs.  A  90-h.p.  car  weighing  20  tons  and  having  seating 
accommodation  for  40  passengers  costs  about  50,000  francs.  The 
120-H.P.  car  of  the  type  used  on  the  Prussian  State  Riil ways,  which 
weighs  50  tons  and  provides  accommodation  for  100  passengers, 
costs  about  90,0011  francs  when  fitted  up  for  third  and  fourth-claea 
traffic. 

The  motor-vehicle  of  the  General  Electric  Co.,  weighing  from 
40  to  50  tons,  with  accommodation  for  from  60  to  100  passengers, 
costs  from  100,000  to  150,000  franqs  according  to  the  furnishing  of 
the  interior. 

The  consumption  of  fuel  depends  on  many  factors,  and  varies 
according  to  the  traffic  of  the  line  on  which  it  is  operated.  The 
consumption  of  fuel  per  ton-kilometre  varies  in  practice  between 
15  and  30  grammes  according  to  the  profile  of  the  line  and  the 
condition  of  the  track. 

Assuming  that  the  fuel  used  is  benzol,  as  is  the  case  in  France, 
the  cost  of  running  cars  on  the  petrol-electric  system  is  as  follows, 
the  figures  being  given  per  ton-kilometre  : — 


Fuel  (benzol)  ... 

Lubrication 

Repairs  and  maintenance 


00042  fr.  to  0"0084  fr. 
00005  „  ,,  0-0010  „ 
0-0015  ,.     .,  00040  ., 


Total  running  expenses     ...     000(t2  fr.  to  00134  fr. 
The  driver's  wages  may  be  taken  as  O'OOiO  fr.  per  ton-kilometre. 

Although  the  time  that  such  cars  have  been  in  use  is  too  short  to 
allow  the  "  wear  and  tear  "'  and  depreciation  to  be  determined  from 
experience,  it  appears  that  if  we  take  10  per  cent,  per  annum  of 
the  value  of  the  total  equipment,  including  the  car  itself,  this  esti- 
mate is,  if  anything,  rather  too  high.  As  an  annual  mileage  of 
50,000  km.  may  be  expected  per  car,  this  means  that  "  amortisation  " 
represents  about  0  005  f  r.  per  ton-kilometre. 

If  interest  on  the  capital  invested  is  taken  as  •">  per  cent.,  this  repre- 
sents 0  0025  fr.  per  ton-kilometre.  Thus  the  total  cost  of  running, 
if  wages,  ''  amortisation,"  and  interest  are  taken  into  account,  is 
00177  to  00-249  fr.  per  ton-kilometre. 

Lines  which  can  be  worked  by  petrol-electric  cars  mnst  have  a 
relatively  small  traffic,  because  the  working  of  a  line  by  petrol- 
electric  cars  can  only  be  economical  with  light  trains ;  and 
relatively  constant  traffic,  because  the  power  of  these  cars  does  not 
allow  heavy  trains  to  be  run.  It  is  necessary  for  the  goods  trains 
to  be  hauled  by  steam  locomotives. 

The  four  types  of  independent  motor-vehicles  are  at  present 
steam,  accumulator,  petrol  with  mechanical  tranmission.  and 
petrol-electric.  Accumulator  cars  have,  however,  been  abandoned, 
and  as  thp  petrol  engine  with  mechanical  transmission  has  not  been 
found  sufficiently  flexible,  there  remain,  therefore,  at  present  only 
the  steam  motor-car  and  the  petrol-electric  vehicle.  The  character- 
istics enumerated  for  petrol-electric  cars  emphasise  the  short- 
comings of  the  steam  motor-car,  and  the  conclusion  may,  therefore, 
be  drawn  that  if  the  use  of  independent  motor-vehicles  continues  to 
develop  —and  there  is  no  reason  why  it  should  not — then  oetrol- 
electric  motor-vehicles  will  preponderate. 

(TV)  be  coiUinufd.) 


972 


THE    ELECTRICAX,    KEVIE"W. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  l,8.-.5,  JcxE  i:i,  191 S, 


NOTES    FROM    INDIA. 


[from    OrR   OWN    CORRESPONDENT.] 

Darca. — The  new  company,  called  the  Dacca  Electric 
Supply  Co.,  has  begun  to  do  productive  work,  and 
promises  of  success  are  assured.  The  manaurinjr  apents  in 
Calcutta,  Messrs.  Octavius  Steele  &  Co.,  know  how  to  make 
a  sound  bargain  for  their  shareholders.  They  got  the 
Provincial  Government  to  guarantee  a  minimum  consumption 
per  annum,  which  will  at  least  pay  interest  and  standing 
charges,  thus  ensuring  that  all  sales  of  current  lieyond  this 
figure  go  towards  net  profit.  The  old  Dacca  Electric 
Lighting  Trust,  which  has  done  good  service  for  10  years 
back,  has  been  absorbed  by  the  new  company  ;  as  it'  had 
established  a  fairly  large  connection,  this  should  automatically 
go  over  to  the  new  company  and  become  a  valuable  asset. 
In  spite,  therefore,  of  the  degradation  of  Dacca  from  being^ 
the  capital  of  a  province  t«^>  its  present  position  as  a  pro- 
vincial town,  there  is  every  prospect  that  the  efforts  of  the 
promoters  of  this  enterprising  scheme  will  be  rewarded  by 
handsome  dividends  later  on.  Rig  developments  are  antici- 
pated, and  the  time  will  perhaps  come  when  Dacca  may  be 
justly  called  the  Oxford  of  India. 

Mculrns. — The  Madras  Electric  Supply  Co.  has,  for  the 
8<'cond  time  since  its  opening,  triven  notice  that  in  certain 
districts  its  mains  are  fully  loaded,  and  that  the  present 
machinery  in  its  power  house  is  not,  until  further  extension* 
are  carried  out.  able  to  cojie  with  any  more  load.  This 
points  to  wonderful  and  unexpected  development,  which 
should  be  pleasant  news  for  the  shareholders.  Power  user* 
in  and  about  Madras  have  been  quick  to  realise  the  benefits 
of  cheap  po^er.  The  Madras  Tramways  Co.,  having 
scrapped  or  sold  their  old  steam  generating  plant,  now  buy 
current  in  bulk  from  the  supply  company,  with  the  result 
that  even  their  shareholders  have  been  experiencing  profit- 
able returns  in  the  shape  of  a  good  dividend. 

Electric  street  lighting  has  marie  great  strides  in  Madras. 
A  very  few  years  ago  it  was  usual  to  carry  about  with  one 
after  dark  a  Hink's  or  similar  lantern  as  the  street  lighting 
was  so  bad  ;  now  some  of  the  principal  thoroughfares  are 
well  lit,  and  bear  favourable  comparison  with  those  of  any 
other  city  in  India. 

Lahme. — The  Electric  Supply  Co.  is  daily  adding  new 
consumers  to  its  mains  and  promises  to  show  good  financial 
results  in  the  near  future.  Local  power  users,  such  as  mill 
and  factory  owners,  are  beginning  to  see  that  there  are  many 
advantages  to  be  gained  by  using  electric  power,  and  spurred 
on  by  the  frequent  visits  of  contractors'  representatives,  they 
are  slowly  but  surely  coming  round  to  the  inevitable  opinion 
that  the  substitution  of  electric  drive  for  expensive  steam  is 
good  economy.  With  steam  coal  costing  24  lis.  a  ton  in  Lahore 
this  is  not  to  be  wondered  at — by  the  way,  good  steam  coal 
costs  .')  Rs.  per  ton  at  the  pit's  mouth  in  Bengal,  the  balance 
is  railway  freight. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


L'ttfrt  rmcnvfd  by  M  aftffr  5  P.M.  ON  TUESDAY  cannot  appear  until 
the  following  week.  CnrretpoTuientt  ihould  forward  their  communU 
eati/tnx  at  the  e^rhext  potnile  nittw>nt.  No  letter  can  he  pvhliihed 
unl^jis  we  hare  the  K>r?7.*»-r'f  n/7mj>  nrtd  nAd/rejn  in  *mr  vostiettxon. 


The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  Lifts. 

As  active  workers  for  many  years  in  the  field  of  invention 
for  the  above  object,  we  are  interested  in  the  recent  dis- 
cussion on  safety  locks,  and  the  more  so  as  our  work  and 
published  views  have  been  referred  to  more  than  once. 

Mr.  W.  J.  F.  Cooper  leads  off  in  his  first  letter  with  an 
attack  on  the  character  of  all  locks  of  a  date  prior  to  "  a 
few  weeks  back,"  basing  it  on  the  admittedly  hypothetical 
danger  that  the  interlocking  of  the  latch  may  never  take 
place. 

He  supports  his  argument  by  pointing  out  that  the  motive 
power  of  most  interl><'ks  is  gravity,  or  tlie  recoil  of  a  spring, 
which  powers  are  alleged  to  be  especially  likely  to  succumb 
to  rust  and  dirt. 


He  then  claims  to  have  seen  a  lock  which  avoids  this 
risk  and  "  overcomes  all  defects,"  &c.  But  he  does  not 
describe  the  mechanism  of  the  lock,  or  give  more  than  a  hint 
of  the  methods  adopted,  so  we  are  left  to  surmise. 

By  the  context,  however,  we  are  l)ound  to  suppose  that 
gravity  and  springs  are  barred  ;  the  motion  of  the  cage  is 
specifically  barred  ;  and  turning  to  Mr.  Cooper's  second 
letter  we  find  the  only  jwsitive  clue  in  the  words — "  No 
gate  can  be  opened  till  the  current  has  been  cut  off  from  the 
controller."  Conversely  we  may  therefore  assume  that  the 
locking  operation  is  effected  by  switching  current  on  to  the 
controller,  and  presumably  through  the  intermediary  of  one 
or  more  solenoids  or  magnets. 

In  any  case  the  duty  of  locking  and  unlocking  is  shifted 
to  the  controller,  and,  if  so,  why  find  fault  with  gravity  and 
springs?  Does  Mr.  Cooper  know  of  any  lift  controller 
worked  by  switches  whicli  does  not  depend  on  gravity  or 
springs  for  its  motion  in  one  direction  i- 

But  leaving  the  controller  and  coming  to  the  solenoid 
which  actually  does  the  locking,  is  it  seriously  contended 
that  the  magical  letters  SOLENOID  provide  un- 
limited power  to  overcome  dirt  and  rust. 

Those  who  know  most  about  them  know  that  their 
power  is  limited  as  definitely  as  that  of  a  spring  or 
of  a  falling  weight,  by  the  conditions  prescribed  by  the 
designer. 

The  secret  of  success  in  all  three  cases  is  the  provision  of 
an  ample  margin  of  power  to  overcome  all  reasonably  con- 
tingent obstacles. 

Mr.  Carroll  reminds  us  that  springs  break.  Just  so,  and 
solenoids  go  to  earth  or  short  circuit  and  burn  out — or  get 
overheated  and  jib — or  fail  to  get  current  at  all  through  their 
switches. 

As  to  the  liability  of  a  spring  to  break  (its  only  tangible 
defect,  in  our  recent  work,  not  only  in  locks  but  in  other 
directions)  we  have  devised  modifications  enabling  a  spring 
fractured  into  several  fragments  to  act  as  effectively  as 
when  intact. 

So  far  as  Mr.  Cooper's  description  carries  us,  it  is  there- 
fore difficult  to  see  how  the  lock  he  writes  of  advances 
matters  in  the  direction  of  security  against  the  only  danger 
he  describes,  that  of  the  interlock  failing  to  act.  Solenoids 
will  fail  as  often  as  springs  from  dirt  and  neglect,  and  will 
also  suffer  from  troubles  peculiar  to  themselves. 

But  Mr.  Cooj)er's  find  does  apparently  prevent  unfair 
interference  with  the  lift  when  passing  a  floor  by  persons 
who  have  not  called  it.  That,  however,  is  not  a  question  of 
safety,  but  purely  one  of  removing  a  nuisance. 

We  hold  no  brief  for  the  force  of  gravity  or  for  springs — 
there  is  no  need  ;  the  former  has  been  working  quite  satis- 
factorily for  much  longer  than  "  a  few  weeks,"  and  the 
latter  have  been  doing  good  service  at  least  since  the  days  of 
Archimedes. 

Our  object  so  far  is  merely  to  clear  away  some  confusion 
of  thought  and  false  reasoning,  as  will  apjiear  below. 

Mr.  Cooper  sa^s  he  has  "had  every-day  experience  of 
lifts  for  many  years ;  "  later  he  quotes  a  specification  of  ours, 
dated  W)^^  {eight  i/mrs  ago),  and  says  it  "fairly  represents 
modern  practice."  Is  that  quite  fair  ?  Or  is  it  a  com- 
pliment ? 

The  facts  are  that  in  15  years  we  have  improved  our  lock 
17  times,  we  have  issued  18  distinct  patterns,  and  the 
1905  pattern  referred  to  is  known  as  our  No.  9.  In  1905, 
however,  it  stood  for  a  long  step  in  advance  of  all  pre- 
decessors, and  therefore  appears  in  the  Patent  Office  files. 

Mr.  Cooper  stp.tes  that  the  lock  which  he  discovered  "a 
few  weeks  back  "  produces  tlie  following  results  : — 

"  The  gates  must  be  electrically  and  mechanically  locked  ,• 
(not  merely  latched)  before  any  movement  of  the  cage  can  . 
take  place,  and  the  locking  action  depends  in  no  way  upon  ^ 
the  motion  of  the  cage.  Also  the  gate  cannot  be  opened  i 
while  the  cage  is  passing  the  floor,  but  only  when  the  control  2 
current  has  been  cut  off  by  the  operator  or  the  control  gear."  5 

He  also  refers  to  it  as  "  unique,"  "  the  only  one,"  and  as  V 
the  "  one  type  of  lock  "  which  solves  the  problems,  and  he, 
therefore,    may    V)e    interested    in  the   following   additional   , 
information  : —  \ 

One  of  our  nine  patterns  introduced  since  1905  accords 
precisely  with  the  above  quoted  specification,  and  it  was 
designed  very  much  farther  back  than  "  a  few  weckj." 


I 


Vol.  Vi.    No.  l,b:./),  JoNE  1:1,  lOi:!. 


TIIK.    KLKCTKICAL    lUlVIIlW. 


'.)78 


We  have  been  acquainted  for  about  two  years  past  with 
two  different  Kyeteiim  in  U8(!  in  Cotitinental  cities,  achieving 
the  same  rcHuitH  with  more  or  Ioks  bhccchh.  We  have  reawon 
to  believe  that  such  iippiiratua  is  obtainable  in  tliis  country 
from  three  separate  sources. 

There  is,  however,  another  point  arisinfj  out  of  Mr. 
Cooper's  letter.  Unlockinfj  the  lutcli  at  the  proper  time  is 
often  more  important  than  detecting  the  correct  moment  for 
lockin{:j  it. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  we  are  not  told  exactly  how  it  is 
done.  We  know  that  it  follows  the  cuttinj;  off  of  current  to 
or  from  the  controller,  and  may  assume  that  only  the  latch 
on  the  floor  for  which  the  cage  is  destined  will  be  released. 

But  8upjK)se  that  for  any  one  of  a  dozen  possible  reasons, 
current  is  cut  off  when  the  ca<^e  is  between  floors  above  or 
below  its  destination — will  that  predestined  latch  be  released 
all  the  same  ? 

It  may  be  replied,  "  No,  the  cage  must  be  opposite  the 
floor."     Hut  what  is  meant  by  "  opposite." 

This  (|uestion  is  not  frivolous.  Much  play  has  been  made 
by  two  writers  on  the  fact  that  most  interlocks  act  only  after 
the  cage  leaves  the  floor.  Whatever  value  there  is  in  this 
point,  exists  equally  when  considering  the  (luestiou  of 
unlocking. 

Nothing  could  be  more  simple  than  to  confine  the  un- 
locked zone  to  a  space,  say,  i  in.  above  and  },  in.  below  the 
floor.  But  even  that  done,  with  high-speed  switch-con- 
trolled lifts,  with  a  new  boy  in  the  cage  missing  the  floor 
every  time  by  (!  in.,  the  apparatus  would  soon  be  scrapped. 

But  there  is  another  condition  to  be  considered.  Lifts 
will  overrun  occasionally  beyond  normal  limits,  and  the 
various  safeties  and  limit  switches  need  time  and  space  in 
which  to  act,  and  the  cage  may  be  from  i  ft.  to  ;!  ft.  beyond 
the  top  or  bottom  Hoor  when  finally  stopped.  Obviously, 
the  passengers  would  be  alarmed,  and  if  they  could  not,  then 
instantly  escape  through  an  unlnched  gale,  the  financial 
results  to  the  owners  might  be  emphasised. 

Experience  has,  therefore,  practically  determined  that  an 
unlocked  zone  measuring  about  2  ft.  0  in.  above  and  '1  ft.  G  in. 
below  the  floors  should  be  provided. 

When  that  phase  of  the  problem  is  faced,  the  designer  is 
apt  to  find  himself  once  more  in  close  com])any  with  the 
despised  inclined  plane,  spring  and  force  of  gravity,  or  some 
of  them. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  we  never  heard  of  any  accident 
arising  from  the  provision  of  an  unlncked  zone  extending 
2  ft.  6  in.  in  either  direction,  and  the  Due  de  Louge's  death 
was  in.  no  way  connected  with  that  feature. 

Most  of  Mr.  Carroll's  points  have  been  touched  on  above, 
but  his  ideal  lock  is  worth  summarising. 

It  is  to  be  automatic,  not  to  work  by  gravity,  springs,  or 
the  motion  of  the  cage,  and  it  is  to  act  before  current  is 
switched  on,  so  that  solenoids  are  ruled  out.  As  an  "  ideal  " 
we  lift  our  hats  to  it,  but  fear  it  will  remain  in  that  stage 
for  some  time  yet — though  little  is  really  impossible  in 
"  electrics  "  if  purchasers  will  pay  for  it. 

Mr.  Carroll's  la-t  six  lines  read  rather  like  a  misconceived 
paraphrase  of  something  we  have  often  written.  Our  letter  is 
already  too  long  to  correct  this  in  detail,  so  we  merely 
say  that  Mr.  Carroll's  words  do  not  represent  our  views.  It 
may  be  that  we  were  not  in  his  mind  at  all. 

Smith,  Major  &  Stevens,  Ltd. 

Northampton,  June  2nd,  1913. 


to  appreciate  the  technical   detaiJH  and   working   of   thMte 
ptjintH,  and  he  ban  to  place  rehancc  on  lift  tnukeni. 

It  would  be  of  interuHt  to  hear  other  opiniong  on  thiH  vital 
matter. 

ii.  W.  Newnaa. 
Brighton,  Sussex. 

J  una  'Jlh,  li>13. 


I  have  been  extremely  interested  in  the  recent  correspon- 
dence relative  to  the  above,  and  have  been  expecting  to  find 
the  matter  taken  up  by  some  of  our  lift  makers. 

From  an  architect's  point  of  view,  the  statements  made 
by  Mr.  W.  J.  F.  Cooper,  supported  by  Mv.  Carroll,  are 
somewhat  startling,  and  if  correct,  it  behoves  architects  to 
hesitate  before  accepting  the  advice  of  lift  exjjerts  when 
specifying.  Surely  the  subject  matter  of  your  correspondents 
is  not  too  trivial  to  l)e  allowed  to  pass  unchallenged  by  any 
of  them  ? 

One  can  only  conclude  that  the  letter  has  passed 
unnoticed,  or  that  the  alleged  inefficiency  of  safety  locking 
and  lift  control  is  a  fact. 

Generally  speaking,  it  is  not  within  an  architect's  power 


Electric   UkUUbk   FittlugH. 

Vour  correspondent,  "  B.  H.,"  prefaoeh  his  letter  with 
matter  not  likely  to  interest  your  readcm,  bo,  perbonalitiea 
aside,  let  us  proceed. 

No  matter  how  efficient  the  form  of  reflector,  there  is  no 
getting  away  from  the  fact  that  with  indirect  fittings  the 
light  is  first  projected  from  the  lamp  to  the  reflector,  thence 
to  the  ceiling  and  back  to  the  working  plane,  covering  part 
of  the  distance  for  the  third  time,  so  that  we  get — 

1.  liossfrom  lamp  to  fitting. 

2.  Loss  on  first  reflection. 

3.  Loss  from  reflector  to  ceiling. 

4.  Loss  on  second  reflection. 

5.  Loss  from  ceiling  to  working  plane. 

I  would  again  repeat  that,  in  these  days  of  competition, 
we  cannot  afl'ord  to  entirely  ignore  efficiency.  Surely  the  most 
efficient  method  of  lighting  is  direct  liehting,  and  if  we  can 
conceal  our  source  of  light  and,  at  the  same  time,  produce 
direct  lighting,  this  must  be  the  most  common-sense 
method  ;  to  my  mind  it  fulfils  all  the  physiological  points 
raised  in  "  R.  E.'s"  letter.  Is  it  not  possible  to  fit  the 
efficient  reflector  he  speaks  of,  so  as  to  reflect  the  light 
din  ctly  where  it  is  required,  and  without  the  intervention 
of  the  ceiling,  which,  by  the  way,  is  not  primarily  designed 
for  rtflccting  purposes  ?  It  should  be  an  easy  matter  to 
interpose  a  small  translucent  or  e\en  opacjue  screen  to  pro- 
tect the  eye  from  the  glare  of  naked  lamps.  This  should 
render  "  R.  E.'s  visual  activity  "  equal  in  both  cases.  I  do 
not  assume  that  it  is  impossible  to  direct  the  light  with 
indirect  fittings,  but  experience  teaches  that  you  cannot  pre- 
suppose that  every  man  who  installs  this  system  is  a  light- 
ing expert,  neither  is  the  working  plane  for  ever  a  fixed 
position.  I  take  it  that  any  alteration  of  this  would  mean 
a  different  set  of  reflectors  and  chain  lengths,  or  would  it  be 
necessary  to  alter  the  height  and  contour  of  the  ceiling,  in 
order  that  the  relative  positions  of  the  reflecting  surfaces 
might  remain  the  same  ?  It  certainly  seems  to  open  up 
prospects  of  good  business  for  the  consulting  engineer. 

I  would  ask  "  R.  E.  "  where  I  imply  that  indirect  fittings 
are  necessarily  ugly.  I  think  that  even  "  R.  E.  "  himself 
will  agree  that  some  indirect  fittings  beggar  description. 
Others  admittedly  look  very  nice  in  print,  but  in  use  tlie 
illumination  of  the  fitting  itself  is  such  as  to  render  its 
artistic  design  unnoticeable.  In  fact,  its  appearance  with 
lamps  burning  resembles  a  big  black  patch,  intensified  by 
the  white  background. 

Then  there  is  the  vital  question  of  dust  collection,  which 
"  R.  E.  "  does  not  touch  upon.  I  have  seen  fittings  which, 
after  a  month's  use,  cease  to  have  any  reflecting  value 
whatever.  No,  "  R.  E.,"  I  think  you  really  admit  to  your- 
self in  quiet  moments,  that  indirect  lighting  leaves  the 
Supply  Co.,  and  the  lamp  and  fittings  manufacturers,  with  a 
temporary  increase  of  profit,  which  will  rapidly  disappear 
when  the  user  awakens  to  the  fact  that  he  has  lieen  bluffed. 
Meanwhile,  our  competitors  concentrate  on  efficiency  and 
romp  ahead. 

H.  A.  W. 


Long-Range  Instruments. 

Mr.  Davies's  last  letter  on  this  subject  compels  me  to  point 
out  that  Mr.  Record  did  not  write  the  article  in  EJertricitij 
which  has  been  the  casus  belli.  I  might  reasonably  dilate 
upon  the  fact  that  it  was  hardly  courteous  of  Mr.  Davies 
not  to  have  contributed  his  letters  to  Elect ricitif  \?  well  as 
to  the  Electiucal  Review  and  the  Electrical  Times. 
Without,  however,  going  further  into  this  matter,  and  with- 
out entering  further  into  the  discussion  itself  than  to  point 
out  that  the  Record  instrument  possesses  merits  realised  in 
no  other  commercial  instrument,  may  I  emphasise  the  fact 
that  neither  ]klr.  Record  nor  his  representatives  framed  the 
article  in  question,  which,  moreover,  they  did  not  see  till 
after  its  publication.      The  article  was  written  after  hearing 


974 


THE    ELECTRICAL    SEVIER, 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,8:.5,  June  l:i,  1913. 


the  inventor's  views,  and  thoroughly  inspecting  the  instru- 
ment. As  to  the  wordins;;  of  Mr.  Kecord's  advertisements, 
I  disclaim  all  responsibility.  I  do  not  propose  to  contribute 
further  to  this  discussion  should  it  be  prolonged.  My 
present  motive  for  writing  is  to  free  ^Ir.  liecord  and  Elec- 
Iricitij  from  an  unjust  imputation. 

The  Writer  of  the  Article. 
London,  W.,  June  3nK  I'.ti:?. 


I  must  apologise  for  again  encroaching  upon  your 
valuable  space  to  continue,  as  "  Electricity '"  so  aptly  puts  it, 
an  "  unnecessary  correspondence,"  but  when  one's  veracity 
is  challenged,  defence  is  advisable. 

Mr.  Davies  now  knows,  to  his  discomfort,  the  result  of  his 
rashness  in  jumping  to  conclusions,  and  it  only  remains  for 
me  to  repudiate  the  alleged  inaccuracy  of  my  firm's  adver- 
tisement :  "  We  are  the  only  makers  of  long-scale  instru- 
ments for  direct  current ;  all  other  long-scale  instruments  are 
for  alternating  current,  and  will  not  work  on  direct  current." 
This  announcement  was  not  only  correct,  but  justified. 

Mr.  Davies  states  it  is  erroneous  in  a  twofold  sense — first, 
because  Messrs.  Johnson  &  Phillips  have  produced  a  hot- 
wire instrument,  and  second,  because  "  we  have  still  our  old 
friend  the  Cardew."  To  bring  in  the  Cardew  to  give  the 
lie  to  such  an  advertisement  is  ludicrous,  and  to  bring 
in  J.  &  P.  for  that  end  is  unfair,  because  Mr.  Davies 
must  know  that  Messrs.  Johnson  &  Phillips  only 
brought  their  instrument  to  public  notice  for  the  first  time 
three  months  aft«r  the  introduction  of  my  instrument,  and 
after  the  oj'jiearanc^  of  my  firm's  advertisement,  and  Messrs. 
Gambrell  have  not  yet  done  so.  This  disposes  of  Mr. 
Davies"s  unwarranted  attack. 

In  conclusion,  if  M.  Carpentier,  followed  by  Mr.  Davies, 
produced  long-range  instruments  of  the  moving-coil  type 
20  years  ago,  succeeded  by  several  years  in  which  long-range 
instruments  of  the  moving-coil  type  have  been  commercially 
unobtainable,  it  cannot  be  denied  that  the  Record  Electrical 
Co.,  Ltd.,  started  with  their  unique  instrument  a  new  era  in 
January,  1918,  so  far  distinguished  by  the  greatest  anxiety 
on  the  part  of  those  interested  to  make  it  appear  that  such 
instruments  have  always  been  available,  coupled  with  frantic 
haste  to  develop  rival  articles  to  support  the  suggestion. 

I  wish  to  thank  "  Electricity  "  and  the  real  "  Writer  of 
the  Article  "  therein  for  their  letter  of  June  5th,  and  for 
the  higli  tribute  they  have  paid  to  my  instrument. 

J.  Westmoreland  Record. 

Broadheath,  June  <)th,  1913. 


The  Mutual  Protection  of  Engineers. 

Our  suggestions  towards  the  formation  of  the  proposed 
Association  will  be  submitted  for  publication  in  your  next 
issue.  A  little  delay  is  almost  inevitable,  the  preliminary 
work  being  such  that  it  can  only  be  done  slowly.  The 
general  opmion,  so  far,  is  keenly  in  favour  of  the  Associa- 
tion. It  is  respectfully  requested  that  reports  be  sent  in  as 
soon  as  possible,  whilst  progress  would  be  facilitated  if 
engineers  in  general  would  kindly  canvass  their  friends  with 
a  view  to  our  securing,  at  an  early  date,  the  number  of  those 
gentlemen  who  would  be  likely  to  give  the  Association  their 
support. 

L.  H.  Fletcher, 
Hon.  Acting  Secretary,  Proposed  Association. 

31,  Queen  Victoria  St.,  London,  E.G., 
June  <dth,  1913. 


I  am  not  actively  concerned  with  the  formation  of  the 
suggested  Association,  but  I  have  drawn  my  own  conclusions 
as  to  the  reason  in  pressing  for  combination.  Xor  am  I 
sure  that  an  .\ssociation  could  eliminate  a  case  like  my  own  ; 
but  I  will  give  the  facts  just  as  they  are. 

Until  about  a  year  ago  my  career  was  all  I  could  desire. 
My  services  were  sought,  and  my  salary  was  a  good  one. 
Then  an  important  hitch  arose  a  few  months  ago.  I  applied 
at  once  for  another  position  with  a  competitive  firm  who 
had  always  been  friendly  towards  me,  and  though  I  requested 
almost  ■>()  per  cent,  increase  in  salary,  the  first  interview  was 
satisfactory. 

It  was  at  a  subfequent  interview  that  things  were  some- 


what different.  I  was  offered  \"ery  little  more  than  my  old 
firm  were  paying  me,  and  was  told  what  that  amount  was  to 
a  shilling.  My  blank  refusal  to  consider  such  a  proposal 
might  be  expected  ;  but  at  length  I  was  led  to  suppose  that 
the  position  would  be  ofl'ered  me  practically  at  my  own 
terms  when  the  preliminaries  were  completed. 

About  a  week  later,  to  my  surprise,  I  was  notified  that 
the  company  in  question  had  not  been  able  to  decide  in  my 
favour,  and  it  now  appears  that  each  apj^lication  I  make  to 
other  firms  gets  only  so  far.  I  do  not  wish  to  publish  my 
personal  conclusions,  but  it  is  apparent  that  as  engineers  we 
are  not  to  have  a  free  hand  in  estimating  our  own  commercial 
value.  An  Association  might,  therefore,  well  consider  such  cases, 
as  they  should  concern  every  engineer  who  is  an  employe. 

From  every  standpoint,  however,  I  wish  the  proposed 
Association  success,  despite  my  doubts  that  my  brother 
engineers  will  rally  round  it  in  time.  AVe  somehow  appear 
to  comprise  so  much  of  tliat  unique  stuff  of  which  the 
middle-class  man  is  made ;  and  instead  of  asserting  ourselves 
we  plod  on  patiently,  complaining  only  in  secret.  Those 
above  and  those  below  us  are  more  than  ever  at  pains  to  save 
their  own  skins,  but  we  middle-class  folk  do  nothing,  unless 
it  is  to  earn  the  contempt  of  the  two  sections  of  society 
between  which  we  are  situated. 

We  are  subject  to  ever-increasing  taxation  for  the  benefit 
of  the  workman,  the  particular  investments  of  our  own  class 
have  depreciated,  and  the  cost  of  living  has  risen,  but  we 
don't  stir  a  finger  for  our  own  good.  I  add  this,  of  course, 
because  members  of  the  engineering  profession  form  so  great 
a  part  of  tlie  middle-class,  whose  doom  it  is  to  be  harassed, 
taxed,  weighed  down  by  increasing  burdens,  and  left  vaguely 
to  mutter  and  grumble,  wondering  why  someone — anyone 
but  ourselves — doesn't  do  something. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  suggest  that  the  engineering  pro- 
fession represents  the  standard  of  ability  in  the  country,  and 
that  brains  were  never  of  such  account  as  now.  As  a  body, 
we  are  therefore  getting  our  deserts.  It  would  appear  that 
if  we  are  to  benefit  ourselves  to  any  extent  the  shackles  of 
apathy  and  snobbery  must  at  least  be  removed.  We  must 
adopt  the  team  spirit — the  spirit  of  cricket  as  opposed  to 
that  of  golf.  Indeed,  it  is  not  unlikely  that  we  will  soon 
have  to  go  to  Trade  Unionism  for  our  lesson,  and,  rejecting 
its  glaring  errors,  adopt  the  obvious  good  points.  Like  the 
mechanic  we  would  then  learn  to  speak  of  "  us,"  and  not 
of  "  me." 

If  the  Association  will  help  to  awaken  our  class  to  a 
sense  of  its  duty  to  itself,  I  sympathise  with  those  who  are 
striving  for  its  initiation. 

Salesman. 

You  do  well  to  call  attention  in  your  last  issue  to  the 
absence  of  honours  conferred  upon  those  directly  associated 
with  engineering.  Your  article  on  "  ilunicipal  Parsimony  " 
was  likewise  necessary,  since  such  instances  of  municipal 
ignorance  should  be  pointed  out.  Another  such  example 
was  referred  to  in  a  recent  issue  of  the  ^Janrlieslor  Guardian, 
and  should  be  of  interest  to  those  who  are  now  endeavouring 
to  improve  the  status  of  the  engineer.  The  latter  case  con- 
cerned an  advertisement  inserted  in  the  technical  Press  on 
behalf  of  the  Shambrook  Reformatory.  This  public  insti- 
tution is  in  need  of  a  tall,  smart,  young  engineer  and 
electrician,  apparently  to  look  after  its  heating,  lighting  and 
power  services.  In  addition,  he  has  to  assist  with  any  other 
institution  duties  ;  which  might  mean  anything  from  sweep- 
ing floors  to  teaching  a  class  in  grammar.  He  has  also  to 
be  fond  of  boys  (bad  boys,  presumably,  since  it  is  a  reform- 
atory), and  able  to  play  cricket  and  football  well.  In  return 
for  these  varied  services  he  will  receive  board  and  lodging, 
in  addition  to  the  prineely  salary  of  £40,  rising  to 
£48.  Forty  pounds  a  year  seems  to  be  about  1  Os.  a  week,  but 
the  advertisement  also  specified  that  the  successful  applicant 
should  not  have  been  guilty  of  the  indiscretion  of  marriage. 

Among  other  things,  such  advertisements  serve  to  demon- 
strate the  astounding  conception  which  even  public  officials 
have  of  the  status  of  an  engineer.  They  also  show  how 
much  skill  is  believed  to  be  necessary  to  take  charge  of 
engineering  plant  and  to  perform  all  repairs,  renewals,  and 
modifications  called  for  from  time  to  time. 

If  an  association  were  formed  as  suggested  it  might  turn 
its  attention  to  this  question   without  delay.      Perhaps  it 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,8,-.5,  .luNUi  lit,  19i:i.] 


THE    ELKCTKfCAL    flRVTEW. 


97/5 


mij^lil'    even   lie   i»l)l(^   in  soiiio  vviiy  to  rciKlei'  iiHsiHtiiiici!  to  iiii 

eiifjiinwr  whow!  ])ocuiiiary  circuinstiuiccs  tcinpL  him  to  iil)ply 

for  such  itositioiiH. 

I'.  V.  llobortKon. 

June  llh,  l!»i;5. 

Iluvinp;  read  and  re-read  Uie  illuminnLiiifj  letter  of 
"  M.Sc."  in  your  current  issue,  and  bein}^  Hulliciently  an 
engineer  to  refuse  to  iiekiKivvlcdge  niys-elf  beaten,  I  will  Ik; 
content  with  the  uou-c^oniniitiil  coninieut  of — "  l'lxa(;tly  !  " 

To  return  to  oui'  subject,  iiowever,  I  am  j,dad  to  note  that 
the  interest  of  the  men  concerned,  apjiears  to  have  been 
<awakened  by  the  letters  which  have  recently  appeared  in  your 
hospitable  columns,  and  I  believe  that  tlie  announcement 
promised  by  Mr.  Fletcher,  is  being  eagerly  looked  forward  to. 

I  make  no  doubt  tliat  a  very  few  years  ago  the  idea  of 
any  combination  of  the  members  of  the  engineering  and 
commercial  staffs  of  our  various  industrial  concerns  on  Trade 
Union  lines  would  have  been  very  repugnant,  but  there 
seems  to  be  little  question  now  as  to  its  necessity  and 
advisability.  With  a  combination  of  masters  on  the  one 
side,  and  of  operatives  on  the  other,  we,  the  individuals  (at 
the  present  stage),  must  be  wary  or  the  usual  fate  of  the 
unconsidered  trifles  caught  between  the  upper  and  the  nether 
millstones,  will  be  ours. 

Combination  of  some  kind  is  certainly  necessary,  and  I 
believe  any  steps  to  this  end  will  meet  the  hearty  response 
of  those  whom  it  is  intended  to  assist,  provided  only  that  it 
is  carried  out  on  satisfactory  lines,  and  is  used  as  a  weapon 
of  defence,  rather  than  of  offence. 

Mac. 

I  send  you  my  Play  on  this  particular  subject,  together 
with  a  cutting  from  the  Dailij  Telegraph,  which  recently 
reviewed  it  at  length,  and,  as  you  will  see,  glowingly.  Any 
electrical  engineer  who  is  interested  in  the  idea  of  bettering 
the  status  of  the  engineers''  dravglit&man  is  invited  to  com- 
municate with  the  Society  of  Engineers,  17,  Victoria  Street, 
and  to  apply  for  a  copy  of  the  book  as  a  loan  to  read,  as 
the  library  of  that  Institution  has  some  50  volumes  in  cir- 
culation and  is  doing  its  level  best  to  create  an  interest  in 
the  subject.  It  is  hoped  that  the  Play  will  be  produced 
later  in  one  of  the  more  important  London  theatres. 

Lloyd  St.  Clare. 

Twickenham,  June  lili,  1913. 

[The  title  of  the  play  is  "A  Woman  of  Imagination." — 
Eds.  E.R.] 

The  "Times' ".Time  and  Synchronising  Turret  Clocks. 

With  reference  to  the  article  in  your  issue  of  May  30th 
describing  Mr.  Kempe's  method  of  keeping  turret  clocks  to 
time,  we  would  refer  him  to  our  well-known  system  which  is 
working  satisfactorily  at  the  Times  office  and  many  other 
important  buildings. 

At  the  Times  offices  there  are  about  GO  dials  which 
receive  an  impulse  every  half-minute  from  a  transmitter. 
The  two  turret  clocks  also  work  on  the  same  circuit,  being 
electrically  escaped.  The  whole  of  the  system  has  now 
worked  many  months  without  attention,  and  keeps  time  to 
within  one  or  two  seconds. 

The  recent  reported  failure  of  the  bottom  turret  clock  was 
due  to  a  mechanical  accident  outside  the  clock,  in  which 
some  of  the  wheels  of  this  clock  were  smashed,  but  this 
accident  is  in  no  wise  attributable  to  us. 

The  system  is  checked  hourly  by  a  signal  bell  actuated 
from  Greenwich,  and  in  view  of  your  remarks  under  the 
heading  of  "  The  Times'  Time,"  you  may  be  interested  in 
this  statement,  especially  as  this  can  be  verified  by  reference 
to  the  engineering  officials  on  the  staff  of  the  Times. 

Gent  &  Co.,  Ltd.   A.  E.  Eats,  Za/uim  Manaf/er. 

London,  S.W.,  June  9(h,  1913. 

[As  we  understand  the  matter.  Mr.  Kempe's  suggestions 
apply  only  to  the  synchronisation  of  ordinary  existing 
clocks,  whereas  Messrs.  Gent  &  Co.'s  system  relates  to 
electrically-driven  clocks — a  totally  different  matter.  We 
were  not  aware  that  their  system  was  in  use  in  the  Times 
office,  nor  did  we  question  the  accuracy  of  the  indoor 
clocks  ;  our  comments  applied  only  to  the  public  clock  over 
the  front  door,  the  behaviour  of  which,  until  its  recent 
repair,  was  very  erratic. — Eds.  E.R.] 


PARLIAMENTARY. 
Wood  (<ir<>«'ii  KIcctric  Lig:htinic  rraiisft-r. 

Mil.  llKHiiioui  (JitAKi.-.  Sfilect  (;ornmitU-<!  of  tin;  lldnn;  of  CoinmonH 
hfiH  piiHHod  the  prciiiiibit;  of  the  Tottcrihoin  ari'i  Ivlmonton  'Jim  IJill, 
which  providcH,  i/i/rr  utm,  for  the  trannler  to  the  coiiipariy  of  the 
WoDil  (irecii  Irbiui  DiHtrict  CounoirB  Electric  Lii;htini;  Order. 

M«t.  IId.nhkai  r  s  Li.Dvi),  K.C.,  who  upiK-arcd  for  the  promotern. 
Buid  that  the  electric  li|;htiD(;  order  wan  granted  to  the  Woo<l  Orecn 
Urban  DiHtrict  Council  in  1902,  and  it  waH  at  their  Hii|r;;eittion  that 
it  Hhould  now  he  trannfcrrpd  by  agreement  to  the  uan  company. 
In  the  early  dayw  of  electric  li(fhtin(j  the  (jbh  company  contemplated 
Heekinn  powcrH  to  Hupply  electrical  ener(ry,  and  in  18'.i7  they 
communicated  with  the  variouH  local  authoritieH  in  their  area  to 
thin  (H'ect.  In  the  t'ollowinif  year  they  obtained  an  Act  which 
authorit-ed  them  to  apply  for  licenccB  or  provisional  orderH  to 
Hupply  electricity,  and  they  intimated  to  the  local  aathoritiefl 
their  intention  to  apply  for  proviHional  orderH.  On  the  local 
authorities  intimatinjf  that  it  waa  their  intention  to  moke  Himilar 
applications,  the  company  abandoned  their  Bcheme.  In  \'J()2  the 
Wood  (ireen  Council  obtained  their  electric  lightintr  order,  but 
although  various  achemea  had  been  put  forward,  nothinfr  bad 
actually  been  done  in  the  matter.  In  liUl  the  Council  approached 
the  promoters  and  inquired  whether  they  were  still  wiahful  to 
undertake  an  electric  lightinpf  Bcheme  for  the  diatrict,  and  after 
nepotiationa  between  the  partiea,  the  present  Bill  waa  afjreed  upon. 
The  Bill  contained  the  usual  provisions  for  purchase  under  the 
terms  of  the  Electric  Lifrhtinp  Act,  and,  in  addition,  there  was  a 
clause,  by  which  the  local  authority  could  purchase  the  undertakinfr 
in  1928  by  giving^  12  months'  notice,  on  payment  of  the  capital 
expenditure  plus  20  per  cent.  ;  in  11929  by  payment  of  the  capital 
expenditure  plus  19  per  cent.,  and  so  on  for  each  succeeding:  year 
until  1948,  when  the  Council  would  be  able  to  purchase  by  simply 
paying:  the  capital  expenditure.  The  maximum  charge  for  lightintf 
under  the  proposed  Order  would  be  5d.  per  unit ;  for  power  2d.  per 
unit;  and  for  public  lighting:  2id.  per  unit.  Having;  cited 
instances  to  show  that  it  was  not  a  new  idea  to  entrust  a  gaa 
company  with  an  electric  lighting  order,  Counael  proceeded  to 
deal  with  the  opposition  of  the  Printers'  Almshouse  Corporation, 
who  alleged  that  the  site  for  the  proposed  generating  station  would 
constitute  a  nuisance.  Mr.  Lloyd  contended  that  the  station  would 
neither  be  a  nuisance  nor  create  a  noise,  seeing  that  gas  engines  were 
to  be  used  for  the  generating  plant. 

After  hearing  evidence  for  and  against  the  Bill,  it  was  ordered  to 
be  reported  for  third  reading. 


West  Bromwich  Corporation  Bill.— The  Omnibus  Bill  of  the 
West  Bromwich  Corporation  which  includes  powers  to  provide  and 
work  trolley  vehicles  and  motor  omnibuses,  make  street  improve- 
ments, &c.,  has  been  approved  by  the  Select  Committee  of  the 
House  of  Commons,  presided  over  by  Mr.  E.  Gardner.  Mr.  C.  C. 
Hutchinson,  K C,  who,  with  Mr.  Jeeves  appeared  for  the  promoter.", 
said  the  total  tramway  capital  of  the  Corporation  was  £1 17,000. 
It  was  proposed  to  run  trolley  vehicles  on  six  routes  and  the 
estimate  for  the  proposed  new  trolley  vehicles  and  equipment  was 
£18,197  and  for  motor-'buees  £8,000.  The  new  lines  were 
intended  to  give  a  through  means  of  communication  to  the  workers 
in  the  industrial  areas  who  had  now  to  walk  long  distances 
between  their  homes  and  their  work.  Mr.  H.  Lloyd,  K.C.,  appeared 
for  the  South  Staffordshire  Tramways  Co  ,  who  are  the  lessees  of 
the  promoters,  and  who  contended  that  if  the  powers  were  granted 
their  traffic  would  be  taken  away.  After  a  consultation  with 
counsel,  the  Committee  passed  the  Bill  subject  to  the  route  from 
Greet's  Green  to  Greet  Bridge  not  being  constructed  or  worked 
except  with  the  consent  of  the  lessee  company  during  the  unex- 
pired term  of  the  compauy's  lease.  The  same  condition  was  laid 
down  in  the  case  of  the  AH  Saints  to  Wednesbury  and  All  Saints 
to  Walsall  routes. 

Various  Bills. — In  the  House  of  Lords  on  June  .5th  the 
Northern  Counties  Electricity  Supply  Bill,  Chesterfield  Corpora- 
tion Raillesa  Traction  Bill,  and  Westgate  and  Birchington  Gas 
and  Electricity  Bill  passed  second  reading. 

In  the  House  of  Lords  on  June  9  th,  the  Dundee  Corporation 
(Improvements  and  Tramways)  Bill  was  read  a  third  time  and 


In  the  House  of  Lords,  on  June  10th,  the  Kent  Electric  Power 
Bill  and  the  Rhondda  Tramways  (Railless  Traction)  Bill  were  read 
a  second  time.  The  Heme  Bay  Gas  and  Electricity  Bill  was  read 
a  third  time  and  passed. 

Coliuton  Tramways.— Mr.  Jeune,  Examiner,  has  found  that 
Standing  Orders  have  not  been  complied  with  in  the  case  of  the 
Colinton  Tramways  Bill,  owing  to  the  promoters  not  having 
obtained  the  consent  of  the  Edinburgh  Corporation,  who  are  the 
road  authority,  to  the  proposed  extension.  The  Bill  will  go  before 
the  Standing  Orders  Committee,  who  will  decide  whether  it  will  be 
allowed  to  proceed. 

Leatheriiead  and  District  Electric  Lighting. — The  oppo- 
sition threatened  to  the  Leatherhead  and  District  (Extension)  Order 
in  the  Electric  Lighting  Provisional  Orders  (No.  2)  Bill  has  been 
withdrawn,  and  consequently  the  order  to  commit  it  to  a  Select 
Committee  has  been  discharged. 


Electrioal  E.vhibition  in  Spain, — At  a  meeting  lately 

held  in  Barcelona,  at  which  representatives  of  about  Son  firms  were 
present,  it  was  decided  to  organise  an  International  Exhibition  of 
Electrical  Industries  in  that  city.  A  syndicate  was  formed  at  the 
meeting  to  take  the  necessary  steps  to  carry  out  the  idea. 


976 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,       rvoi.  72.    No.  1,855,  jume  13,  1913. 


LEGAL. 


The  National  Telephone  Award. 

In  the  House  of  Lords  on  Monday,  Jnne  3rd,  an  appeal  was  heard 
before  the  Lord  Chancellor  and  LcrdB  Loreburn,  Atkineon.  Shaw, 
Monlton  and  Parker  in  the  case  of  the  National  Telephone  Co.  (in 
liquidation)  and  Another  r.  His  Majestj's  Postmaster-General. 
The  appeal  was  from  an  order  of  the  Court  of  Appeal,  dated  April 
16th  this  year,  whereby  it  was  declared  that  the  Court  had  juris- 
diction to  hear  an  appeal  by  the  Postmaster- General  from  the  Court 
of  Railway  and  Canal  Commission  sitting:  under  the  authority  of 
an  agreement  between  the  company  and  the  respondent,  dated 
February  2nd  and  August  8th,  1905,  and  the  Telegraph  (Arbitration) 
Act,  1909. 

The  counsel  for  the  appellants  were  Sir  C.  Alfred  Cripps,  K.C., 
Mr.  Danckwerts,  K C,  and  Mr.  H.  H.  Gaine.  Counsel  for  the 
respondent :  The  Attorney-General,  the  Solicitor-General,  Mr. 
Buckmaster,  K.C.,  Mr.  Schwabe,  and  Mr.  Branson. 

The  Attokney-Genebal  said  he  desired  to  be  heard  on  the  pre- 
liminary objection  that  their  Lordships'  House  had  no  jurisdiction  to 
entertain  the  appeal.  He  submitted  that  there  was  an  appeal 
from  the  decision  of  the  Railway  and  Canal  Commission  to  the 
Court  of  Appeal  on  the  construction  of  the  Act  of  1909,  but  that 
their  decision  was  final. 

Lord  Loreburn  :  Can  we  properly  hear  your  objection  until 
we  have  heard  Sir  Alfred  Cripps,  vthose  argument,  1  understood, 
was  to  be  that  the  Court  of  Appeal  had  no  jurisdiction  to  make  the 
order  from  which  he  now  appealed  .' 

The  Attorney-General:  I  am  quite  content  that  appellants' 
counsel  should  be  heard.  I  only  desired  to  make  this  point  to 
your  Lordships  before  you  heard  the  appeal  opened. 

Sir  Alfred  Cripps,  K.C,  then  proceeded  to  open  at  some  length 
the  case  of  the  appellants.  He  argued  that  if  the  Railway  and 
Canal  Commission  had  the  power  to  entertain  the  arbitration  it 
was  apart  from  the  provisions  of  the  Arbitration  Acts  of  1873  and 
1888.  The  right  of  appeal  was  a  substantive  right  and  not  one  of 
procedure.  It  was  a  right  of  legislation  and  jurisdiction.  He  went 
on  to  quote  the  sections  of  the  Acts  of  1873  and  1888  and  also  the 
Act  of  1909  in  order  to  support  his  contention.  Xext  he  read  the 
judgments  of  their  Lordships  in  the  Court  of  Appeal,  maintaining 
that  there  could  be  no  proceedings  under  the  Act  of  1909  except  by 
the  consent  of  both  parties,  which  the  majority  of  the  Lords  Justices 
in  the  Court  below  had  overlooked. 

Mr.  Danckwerts,  K.C,  followed  on  the  same  side,  elaborating 
the  point  that  a  right  of  appeal  could  not  be  derived  by  implica- 
tion. That  right  could  only  be  given  by  direct  legislation,  and 
there  was  no  such  authority  here.  Even  if  jurisdiction  had 
been  given  to  the  Railway  and  Canal  Commission,  it  did  not 
necessarily  follow  that  jurisdiction  had  likewise  been  given  to  the 
Court  of  Appeal. 

The  Lord  Chancellor  said  :  Their  Lordships  were  unanimously 
of  opinion  that  the  preliminary  objection  raised  by  the  Attorney- 
General  to  this  appeal  being  heard  could  not  succeed,  and  that 
they  were  entitled  to  decide  the  appeal  which  had  been  opened  and 
argued  for  the  appellants.  No  case  had  been  made  out  which 
rendered  it  necessary  to  hear  the  respondent  in  reply.  They 
thought  the  appeal  failed,  and  they  would  give  their  reasons  in 
writing  hereafter  for  coming  to  that  conclusion.  But  aa  the  case 
was  one  which  ought  to  be  disposed  of  at  once,  they  proposed  in 
order  to  save  time  at  once  formally  to  dismiss  the  appeal,  with  costs, 
and  affirm  the  judgment  of  the  Court  below. 

The  Lord  Chancellor  then  put  the  motion  from  the  Woolsack, 
which  was  agreed  to. 

Solicitor  for  the  appellants,  William  E.  Hart  ;  for  the 
respondent,  the  Solicitor  to  the  Post  Office. 


X.  L.  Electric  Co.  r.  Aron. 

Before  Mr.  Justice  Neville  in  the  Chancery  Division  on  Friday, 
June  Gth,  was  renewed  the  motion  by  the  plaintiffs  in  this  action, 
by  which  they  sought  an  interim  injunction  to  restrain  the  de- 
fendant until  the  trial  or  further  order  from  dealing  with,  or 
disposing  of,  certain  patents  relating  to  electric  clocks,  and  from 
interfering  with  or  withdrawing  applications  that  were  pending 
for  protection  for  improvements  in  such  patent.",  or  for  foreign 
protection. 

Mr.  Moritz,  counsel  for  the  plaintiffs,  reminded  his  Lordship 
that  in  the  previous  week  the  defendant  had  given  an  undertaking 
and  the  matter  had  stood  over  for  further  evidence.  They  had 
just  received  an  affidavit  from  defendant  which  dealt  with  several 
fresh  matters,  but  with  regard  to  the  material  part  of  the  injunc- 
tion the  plaintiffs  were  asking  for,  he  was  quite  prepared  to  go  on 
with  the  motion.  The  position  was  that  there  were  pending  appli- 
cations with  regard  to  patents  which  came  within  the  scope  of  the 
contract  of  the  defendant  with  the  company,  and  tho.^e  applications 
he  was  threatening  to  interfere  with.  Clause  8  of  the  contract 
provided  that  if  at  any  time  the  defendant  ^hould  effect  any 
improvements  in  the  inventions  relating  to  the  patents  he  had 
assigned  to  the  company,  the  patents  for  such  inventions  should  be 
assigned  to  them  they  paying  the  necessary  expenses  incurred  in 
obtaining  protection.  The  defendant  had  made  an  invention  which 
came  within  that  clause  before  he  quarrelled  with  the  company  and 
at  the  company's  expense,  and  jointly  with  them  he  had  applied  for 
a  patent.  The  Comptroller  of  Patents,  in  the  exercise  of  the  dis- 
cretion vested  in  him,  had  declined  to  allow  the  spplication  to  pro- 
ceed as  an  application  for  protection  for  an  addition   to  a  previous 


patent,  and  had  decreed  that  the  application  must  be  for  a  sub- 
stantive patent.  The  only  difiference  was  a  question  of  expense, 
and  the  company  was  ejuite  prepared  to  proceed  with  the  applica- 
tion in  accordance  with  the  Comptroller's  ruling.  The  defendant 
had,  however,  threatened  to  withdraw  the  application  for  a  patent 
altogether.  The  attitude  he  took  up  was  that  if  he  could  not  pro- 
ceed with  the  application  as  a  patent  for  an  addition  he  would  with- 
draw the  application  altogether,  and  he  did  not  in  his  evidence 
deny  that  he  had  threatened  to  withdraw  it.  There  was  also  a 
threat  on  the  part  of  the  defendant  to  interfere  with  the 
foreign  protection  the  defendants  were  seeking  to  obtain, 
but  without  going  into  the  matter,  if  the  defendant 
would  undertake  that  he  would  not  until  the  trial  with- 
draw any  of  the  applications  that  were  pending  with  regard 
to  the  English  and  foreign  patents,  the  company  would  be  content, 
otherwise  he  must  proceed  with  the  motion. 

Mr.  Simmons,  for  the  defendant,  said  he  was  not  prepared  t* 
offer  any  undertaking, 

Mr.  Justice  Neville  asked  what  was  the  defendant's  point. 
Mr.  Simmons  said  that,  with  regard  to  the  English  patent,  a  time 
limit  had  been  fixed,  and  subject  to  that  time  limit  being  extended 
his  client  was  prepared  to  undertake  not  to  withdraw  the  appli- 
cation ;  but  with  regard  to  the  foreign  paterts,  he  could  not  give 
any  undertaking,  as  he  was  merely  a  joint  applicant.  His  Lordship 
ought  to  know  that  the  defendant  held  two-thirds  of  the  shares  in 
the  company. 

His  Lordship  asked  who,  under  the  agreement,  had  the  conduct 
of  these  patent  proceedings. 

Mr.  Moritz  said  that  the  action  was  undoubtedly  in  the  hands 
of  the  company.  Counsel  then  proceeded  to  read  the  affidavits  filed 
in  support  of  the  motion,  which  set  forth  that  the  company  was 
registered  on  November  28th,  1912,  and  was  formed  with  a  capital 
of  £20,000  to  take  over  the  defendant's  patents  for  un  electrically- 
controlled  clock,  and  up  to  the  present  time  the  defendant  had 
refused  to  make  any  assignment  of  the  patent. 

Mr.  Simmons  submitted  that  his  client  had  not  said  that  he  would 
not  carry  out  the  agreement.  The  whole  question  was  as  to  the 
manner  in  which  the  application  for  protection  should  be  prose- 
cuted. As  to  the  assignment  in  an  '  agreement  for  sale,  it  was 
always  a  condition  that  the  vendor  should  have  the  goods  to 
assign. 

Mr.  Justice  Neville  said  he  was  not  deciding  that  point.  What 
he  had  to  decide  was  what  was  to  be  done  with  regard  to  the  appli- 
cation for  a  patent.  Where  he  thought  the  defendant  was  wrong 
was  in  thinking  that  he  was  entitled  to  have  the  sole  right  cf 
saying  how  the  proceedings  with  regard  to  the  patent  were  to  be 
taken.  That  was  for  the  shareholders.  They  were  the  people  who 
had  control  of  the  matter. 

Mr.  Simmons  :  Your  Lordship  has  heard  how  the  shares  stand. 
His  Lordship  said  he  could  not  look  at  that.      What  he  had  to 
consider  was  what  the  rights  of  the  company  were. 

Mr.  Moritz  submitted  that  it  was  to  the  interest  of  everybody 
that  these  patents  should  not  fall  to  the  ground. 

Mr.  Simmons  said  that  there  was  an  application  for  a  patent  in 
the  joint  names  of  the  defendant  and  Mr.  Harrison.  Mr. 
Harrison  should  be  made  a  defendant.'  Mr.  Moritz  said  that  that 
was  the  first  he  had  heard  of  such  a  patent  having  been  taken  out, 
and  it  would  be  in  fraud  of  the  company's  rights 

Mr.  Simmons  said  that  the  company  would  be  in  a  better 
position  if  they  would  abandon  their  present  patent  and  take  an 
interest  in  this  new  patent  referred  to  in  the  affidavits.  If  that  was 
clearly  shown  on  the  evidence,  he  submitted  the  Court  would  not 
interfere  by  interlocutory  injunction.  If  the  matter  was  allowed 
to  stand  until  the  trial,  the  defendant  was  willing  to  give  any 
undertaking  his  Lordship  might  think  right.  With  regard  to  the 
foreign  patents,  it  was  entirely  a  matter  of  policy,  and  there  was  no 
ground  for  an  injunction,  as  the  defendant  had  shown  his  good 
faith  in  making  the  application.  With  regard  to  the  English 
patent,  if  it  was  allowed  to  go  forward  as  a  new  patent,  and  not  as 
an  addition  to  the  old  patent,  it  would  jeopardise  a  new  patent 
which  was  now  pending,  and  which,  in  the  defendant's  opinion,  was 
much  more  valuable. 

His  Lordship  asked  whether  the  company  were  prepared  to 
undertake  to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  pending  applications. 
Mr.  Moritz  said  they  were. 

Mr.  Justice  Neville  :  Then  I  need  not  trouble  you  further. 
In  giving  judgment,  he  said  that  on  that  undertaking  he  must 
grant  an  injunction  restraining  the  respondent  from  withdrawing, 
or  permitting  to  be  withdrawn,  any  of  the  existing  applications, 
and  from  opposing  or  preventing  or  permitting  to  be  opposed  or  pre- 
vented any  application  in  connection  with  the  patent  rights  subject 
to  the  agreement  made  between  the  parties.  The  injunction  would 
extend  until  the  trial  or  further  order,  and  the  costs  of  the  motion 
would  be  costs  in  the  action. 


A  Low-Compression    Diesel  Engine. — A  patent  haa 

been  recently  taken  out  by  Mr.  Heinrich  Zoelly,  of  turbine  fame, 
to  enable  much  lower  pressures  than  usual  to  be  used  in  the  Diesel 
engine.  According  to  llie  Motor-Ship  and  Muior-Boat^  the  idea  ia 
to  heat  the  mixture  of  fuel  and  air  before  it  is  injected  into  the 
cylinder  and  comes  into  contact  with  the  compressed  air,  eo  that 
the  temperature  of  the  latter,  or  rather  its  pressure,  need  not  be  so 
high  as  the  500  lb.  per  sq.  in.  pressure  usually  adopted.  The 
interesting  detail  of  the  proposed  system  is  the  provision  of  a  small 
electrical  heating  grid  immediately  under  the  fuel  inlet  valve,  to  heat 
the  fuel  mixture  as  it  passes  through.  If  the  idea  should  materialise, 
it  would  enable  a  lighter  type  of  engine  to  be  constnicted. 


I 


Vol.72.     No.  1,8:.5,  JtJNK  1.1,  1918,] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


977 


MINING    MACHINERY    EXHIBITION. 


T HK  Exhibition  of  Mininjf  Machinery,  which  wns  held  at  the  Royal 
Agricultural  Hall  from  May  29th  to  June  7th,  contained  an  un- 
expectedly largo  number  of  featurrn  of  interent  to  electrical 
engineers.  The  collection  of  coal-cutterH,  both  electrical  and 
pneumatic,  was  exceptionally  larfife  and  varior),  and  indicaten  the 
rapid  proi^rc.sa  that  is  buing  madn  in  the  adoption  of  up-to-date 
mothodH  of  coal-ptctting  in  our  collieries. 

No  attempt  waw  made  by  exhibitorB  of  pneumatic  coal-cuttera  to 
challcntfc  the  K't^'^t  economy  effected  by  the  «8e  of  electric  tranfl- 
mi.ssion — i)ractically  all  of  them,  in  fact,  showed  olectrically-driven 
machines.  Mks.sks.  Ma\ou  it  (Ioulson,  Glasffow,  had  a  very  large 
exhibit,  including  their  well-known  Pick-quick  bar  coal-cutters, 
driven  by  three-phase  and  direct  current  and  by  compressed  air ;  their 
Samson  disk  coal-cutters,  and  a  variety  of  other  mining  apparatus. 
A  special  feature  of  novelty  was  the  use  of  air-cooling  tubes  in  the 
Samson  disk  small  size  three-phase  machine,  in  order  to  get  the 
maximum  power  with  minimum  height.  The  motor  is  completely 
enclosed,  dust  and  flame-proof,  and  the  stator  is  provided  with 
groups  of  straight  brass  tubes  extending  through  the  shell  inter- 
nally from  end  to  end.  A  fan  on  the  motor  shaft  (outside  the  shell) 
propels  air  through  the  tubes,  and  another  fan  (inside  the  shell) 
circulates  the  internal  air  over  the  surface  of  the  tubes,  thus  cooling 
it  without  allowing  the  external  air  to  enter  the  interior  of  the 
motor  shell.  The  gears  in  these  machines  are  mounted  on  sleeves 
running  on  fixed  shafts,  so  as  to  give  a  very  longi bearing  surface, 
which  cannot  be  obtained  when  the  shafts  rotate  in  bearings  fixed 
to  the  frame. 

The  Diamond  Coal-Cutter  Co.,  Wakefield,  had  a  representative 
exhibit  of  their  manufactures.  Their  30-h.p.  disk  type  longwall 
coal-cutter  is  fitted  with  an  a.c.  ball-bearing  motor  of  the  totally 
enclosed  type  ;  the  gearing  is  all  machine-cut,  and  mounted  on 
substantial  bearings,  all  end  thrust  being  taken  by  ball  bearings.  A 
reversible  valveless  oil  pump  supplies  oil  to  all  bearings.  The  con- 
troller is  of  the  drum  type,  worked  by  hand  wheel  from  either  end 
of  the  machine.  A  pivoted  cable  connector  box  of  entirely  new 
design  is  fitted,  which,  by  releasing  one  thumb-screw,  enables  the 
adaptor  to  be  swung  round,  thus  ensuring  a  straight  lead  on  the 
trailing  cable.  This  prevents  the  cable  having  to  be  bent  over 
when  the  machine  is  cutting  back,  and  entirely  obviates  any  risk  of 
the  cable  being  nipped  between  the  machine  and  the  props.  The 
power  factor  of  the  motor  is  0'82  at  full  load,  and  the  efficiency  is 
very  high. 

A  bar  type  longwall  machine  was  also  exhibited,  driven  by  a 
four-cylinder  compressed-air  engine,  and  a  longwall  chain 
machine,  fitted  with  a  25-h.p.  patented  type  d.c.  compound-wound 
motor,  having  four  main  wound  poles  and  two  commutating  poles, 
and  ball-bearings.  This  is  the  firm's  standard  swinging  jib 
pattern  arranged  to  cut  at  floor  level,  and,  like  the  other  machines, 
is  interchangeable  for  alternating  current  or  compressed  air. 

A  new  gate-end  winch  for  trailing  cable,  which  should  effect  a 
great  saving  in  the  life  of  the  cable,  Blackett's  patent  coal-face 
conveyors  driven  by  electricity  and  compressed  air,  and  an  improved 
friction  clutch  for  use  with  A.c.  motors,  together  with  various 
patterns  and  sizes  of  this  company's  well-known  safety  type  gate- 
end  switch  boxes  and  other  accessories,  were  also  shown. 

Messes.  Andeeson,  Boyes  <.t  Co.,  Ltd.,  Motherwell,  showed 
two  disk  longwall  coal-cutters  and  one  of  the  chain  type,  all  elec- 
trically driven.  One  of  the  former  was  their  latest  pattern  of 
three-phase  machine,  8  ft.  overall  :  the  gear  ia  very  compact,  and 
is  provided  with  an  exceptionally  effective  oil-thrower  to  render 
creeping  impossible.  Oil  is  pumped  to  the  bearings.  The  shaft  of 
the  controller  handle  passes  from  end  to  end  of  the  machine  inside 
the  frame  ;  at  the  back  end  it  can  only  be  used  to  stop  the  machine, 
not  to  start  it,  so  as  to  ensure  safety  to  the  men.  The  controller  is 
of  steel  and  mica  construction,  and  the  trailing  cable  plug  is 
locked  in  place  when  the  circuit  is  closed.  Interlocking  gate-end 
switch  and  fuse  boxes  were  also  shown. 

Messes.  A.  Hiest  &  Son,  Ltd.,  Dewsbury,  showed  their 
"Crescent"  machines,  one  of  which  was  fitted  with  an  electric 
motor.  The  insulation  of  the  electrical  parts  of  this  machine  is 
of  mica,  and  flame-tight  joints  are  employed  throughout.  Both 
D.c.  and  A.c.  machines  are  made  of  the  disk  type.  The  drum  con- 
troller in  the  former  is  provided  with  blow-out  coils.  Interlock- 
ing gate-end  boxes  and  a  coal  drill  were  shown. 

The  Sullivan  Machinery  Co.,  of  London,  though  newcomers 
into  this  country,  have  many  machines  at  work  in  the  British 
Dominions,  and  have  sold  nearly  G,000  in  all.  The  special  feature 
of  their  three-phase  coal-cutter  was  the  small  space  occupied  and 
the  compactness  of  the  motor,  though  the  latter  was  rated  at 
30  H.P.  for  one  hour  continuously.  The  motor  runs  at  900  e.p.m. 
and  is  fitted  with  ball  bearings  ;  it  is  tested  with  a  pressure  of 
5,000  volts  A.c.  The  switchgear  also  occupies  very  little  space, 
being  simply  a  star-delta  starting  switch  with  no  regulating 
appliances.  The  body  of  the  machine  is  only  2  ft.  6  in.  wide.  The 
motor  is  started  on  light  load,  and  is  thrown  into  gear  with  a 
friction  clutch,  which  is  set  to  a  predetermined  maximum  torque ; 
a  two-speed  feed-gear  is  provided,  giving  a  slow  continuous  feed  for 
cutting  and  a  fast  speed  (7  :  1)  for  "flitting,"  which  renders  the 
machine  easy  to  handle  quickly.  A  chain  is  used  instead  of  a  rope 
for  the  feed,  and  in  the  event  of  jamming  in  the  cut  the  friction 
clutch  protects  the  machine  from  damage.  When  a  D.c.  motor  is 
used  it  ia  compound  wound,  preventing  runaway.  A  reversing 
switch  is  provided,  and  all  the  controlling  handles  are  close 
together  at  the  front  end  of  the  machine.  The  feed  can  also  be 
reversed  without  stopping  the  motor,  and  the  machine  can  be  run 
backwards  without  any  delay.    The  friction  clutch  and  change- 


gear  levofB  are  interlocked  no  that  the  pull   on  the  feed   chain 

cannot  bo  increaiied  beyond  the  normal  value.  The  change-gear 
ban  also  a  neutral  ponition,  and  the  cutter  chain  can  >)e  Iniitantly 
MtojjjM'd  with  a  jaw  clut<;h.  Altogidher  the  ma<:hiiii;  prRHentH  a 
nuinb«;r  of  intercHting  featuren  not  met  with  in  Britixh  typcii.  The 
exhibit  also  included  a  com|iro'U4C(l-air  machine  and  ro<;k  drilln. 

Turning  next  to  niinerii'  iampR,  the  "CkA';  "  Elkctkic  .Sai-ktv 
Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.,  London,  had  a  large  exhibit  of  their  lamp— the 
winner  of  the  first  prize  in  the  recent  competition  net  on  foot  by 
the  Home  Ollicc.  Equipincnts  were  ohown  for  charging  Himul- 
taneously  S(i,  111,  21,  12  or  6  "Ceag  '  lampH,  with  11iior22ii  voltn, 
the  smallest  of  these  Hets  being  constructed  in  the  shape  of  a 
"  rescue  shelf  "  in  accordance  with  the  new  Rules.  Racks  for  2'V) 
lamps  each,  with  number  [ilatc-H,  magnetos  for  opening  magnetically 
locked  lamps,  motor-driven  cleaning  machines,  lamp  wagons,  acid 
filling  apparatus,  \;c.,  were  exhibited,  as  well  as  new  and  improved 
designs  for  lamp  cabins,  facilitating  the  distribution  and  collection 
of  the  lamps.  Several  special  types  of  "Ceag'  lamps  for  ofTiciaU, 
lamps  fitted  with  bull's  eyes,  sinking  lamps  of  16  c.P.,  itc.,  were 
also  shown.  We  understand  that  many  thousands  of  the  "Ceag' 
lamp  have  been  supplied  to  British  collieries,  with  satisfactory 
results,  the  maintenance  costs  (inclusive  of  labour,  material, 
repairs  and  energy)  being  not  more  than  2Jd.  per  lamp  per  week — 
no  more  than  for  oil  safety  lamps.  The  works  can  turn  out  3,<)<)(> 
lamps  per  week. 

Messb.'j.  Ackroyd  &  Best,  Ltd.,  Morley,  showed  amongst  other 
lamps  the  Hailwood  electric  safety  lamp,  which  is  of  the  cylindrical 
type,  with  the  lamp  on  the  top.  A  single  cylindrical  accumu- 
lator cell  is  used,  and  the  construction  of  the  lamp  is  such  that  it 
is  flame-proof,  while  it  ia  easily  opened  for  charging.  A  pneu- 
matic or  magnetic  lock  is  provided,  if  desired.  Special  inspection 
lamps  with  lenses  and  reflectors  are  also  made. 

Messrs.  John  Davis  A:  Son  (Derby),  Ltd.,  Derby,  amongst  a 
great  variety  of  instruments  and  mining  apparatus,  showed  the 
Gray-Sussmann  type  of  electric  lamp  and  lamp  stands. 

Messes.  Manley  &  Sandy,  Ltd.,  London,  were  showing  a  new 
electric  gas  detector  and  indicator  which  they  have  devised.  This 
is  combined  with  a  miner's  electric  lamp,  and  is  housed  within  a 
small  gauze  cover  on  the  top  of  the  battery  case  ;  it  is  capable  of 
detecting  as  little  as  1  per  cent,  of  gas,  and  can  be  adjusted  in 
advance  to  a  given  percentage.  The  indication  is  produced  by  the 
catalytic  action  of  a  platinum  salt,  but  does  not  depend  upon 
current  flowing  through  the  platinum.  An  inspector's  lamp  is 
provided  with  a  deflecting  pointer,  which  shows  the  percentage  of 
gas  present  (down  to  i  per  cent.)  on  a  divided  scale.  The  lamp 
gives  1'2  C.P.,  and  the  battery  will  serve  for  one  or  two  shifts, 
according  to  size.  Effective  precautions  are  taken  to  provide 
against  explosion.  Charging  switchgear  and  a  special  small- 
power  gas  engine  for  driving  a  charging  dynamo  were  also  shown. 
Messrs.  James  Keith  &  Blackman  Co..  Ltd.,  London,  had  a 
large  exhibit  of  their  fans  and  blowers,  many  of  them  directly 
driven  by  electric  motors.  One  of  these,  a  ship  ventilating  fan, 
was  fitted  with  a  special  watertight  motor  to  run  on  deck.  In  the 
small  fans,  the  blades  of  the  runners  are  spot-welded.  A  mining 
fan  with  a  capacity  of  210,000  cb.  ft.  per  minute,  at  6-in.  water- 
gauge,  was  one  of  the  exhibits,  and  at  the  other  end  of  the  scale 
was  a  little  portable  blower  for  cleaning  motors,  &c.,  which  could 
be  carried  by  hand.  Forge  blowers,  portable  and  fixed,  and  a  gas 
compressor  for  the  Keith  high-pressure  lamps,  were  other  items  of 
the  exhibit. 

Messrs.  Hobdell,  Way  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  London,  had  a  very 
varied  exhibit  of  engineers'  supplies,  including  "Knlite"  cork  heat 
insulation  in  slabs  and  sections  of  all  sizes,  "  Dnrite "  belting 
suitable  for  the  individual  driving  of  looms,  and  for  use  in  a  moist 
atmosphere,  conveyor  belting,  "  Hobsleyte "  asbestos  sheets  suit- 
able for  the  cubicles  of  high-pressure  switchgear  and  for  roofing, 
and  cork  floor  slabs  for  switch  rooms.  A  special  novelty  was  a 
tube  scaler,  consisting  of  four  scrapers  mounted  on  springs,  which 
is  driven  by  a  flexible  shaft,  and  in  actual  practice  with  water-tube 
boUera  has  been  found  to  give  exceptionally  efficient  results.  The 
action  is  pure  scraping  without  hammering,  and  the  inside  of  the 
tube  is  left  bright  and  clean. 

Messrs.  Bleichert's  Aerial  Transporters,  Ltd.,  London, 
showed  a  model  of  their  ropeway  in  operation,  as  well  as  an  elec- 
trical automatic  telpher  for  conveying  coal,  &c.  The  whole  of  the 
control  ia  effected  from  one  spot,  the  tub  being  lowered  or  raised, 
and  traversed,  with  only  three  wires.  Very  many  such  telphers 
have  been  erected,  and  the  large  ropeways  have  been  built  to  carry 
up  to  450  tons  per  hour, 

Messrs.  John  Dugdill  &  Co.,  Failsworth,  showed  a  variety 
of  their  well-known  patent  movable  fittings,  and  Messrs.  Hann 
and  Ingle,  Manchester,  their  "  Adaptable "  earthing  and  con- 
tinuity clips,  which  should  be  found  very  useful  in  mines. 

Messrs.  Hans  Renold,  Ltd.,  Manchester,  had  an  exhibit  of 
their  silent,  roller  and  block  chains. 

The  Ingersoll-Rand  Co.,  London,  showed  a  large  compressor 
driven  by  a  Lancashire  Dynamo  and  Motor  Co.'s  motor,  and  various 
rock  drills,  etc  A  feature  of  the  exhibit  was  the  Temple-IngersoU 
"  Radialaxe "  coal-cutting  machine,  which  consists  of  a  motor- 
driven  pnlsator  connected  to  an  air  drill  by  two  short  lengths  of 
hose.  The  air  in  the  hose  forms  the  medium  by  which  power  ia 
transmitted  to  the  drill,  with  perfect  elasticity  and  high  economy, 
as  the  air  is  never  exhausted,  but  simply  pulsates.  The  machine 
thus  combines  the  advantages  of  electrical  transmission  to  the 
working  face  and  pneumatic  operation  of  the  tool.  The  whole 
equipment  is  mounted  on  a  wheeled  truck.  The  cutter  is  really  a 
drill  mounted  on  a  special  column,  and,  in  fact,  the  parts  are  in- 
terchangeable with  the  company's  rock  driU. 

Messes.  W.  &  T.  Avery,  Ltd.,  Birmingham,  exhibited  a  com- 
plete weighing  and  totalising  machine,  which  automatically  weighs 

F 


978 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  n.  No.  1,855,  junk  13, 1913. 


a  oonstant  length  of  the  conveyor  at  suitable  mtervals,  and  records 
the  total  weijrht  of  material  which  has  passed  over  the  machine. 
The  motive  power  is  derived  from  the  workinir  of  the  conveyor 
itself.  The  machine  was  shon'n  in  operation  with  a  Babcock  and 
Wilcox  gravity  backet  conveyor. 

Messrs.  Re.well  A:  Co.,  Ltd.,  Ipswich,  exhibited  their  axial 
type  compressor,  motor  driven,  with  an  oiler  at  one  end  of  the 
main  bearing',  whence  the  oU  is  forced  by  a  spiral  eroove  on  the 
shaft  to  the  working  parte.  The  qnadrnplex  compressor  is  fitted 
with  automatic  positive  lubrication,  the  oil  being  forced  through  a 
filter  to  a  tank,  whence  it  gravitates  to  the  working  parts.  A 
reversible  valveless  self-contained  pneumatic  mining  hoist,  sub- 
station cleaning  set,  \;c.,  were  also  shown. 

Messbs.  G.  M.  Callender  A:  Co..  Ltd.,  London,  showed  bitu- 
men sheeting,  and  "  Bitusol '"  paint  for  the  protection  of  iron  and 
steel  work. 

The  Electrical  Apparatus  Co.,  Ltd.,  London,  had  an  exhibit 
of  their  starters  and  switchgears  ;  a  novel  feature  in  an  automatic 
triple-pole  oil  switch  was  a  patent  oil  level  interlock,  which  pre- 
vents the  switch  from  being  closed  if  the  level  of  the  oil  is  so  low 
as  to  expose  the  contacts.  A  new  a.c.  meter  of  the  induction  type 
was  also  on  view. 

The  Tn-k-n  Cable  Co.,  Ltd.,  Dagenham  Dock,  appeared,  to  be 
the  sole  representatives  of  the  cable  makers,  with  an  exhibit  of 
all  kinds  of  cable,  including  bitumen-insulated  mining  cables  and 
boxes. 

The  Co\  extky  Chain  Co.,  Ltd.,  Coventry,  showed  samples  of 
their  noiseless  and  roller  chains  and  gears,  and  Messrs.  Davidson 
AND  Co.,  Ltd.,  Belfast,  had  a  large  exhibit  of  Sirocco  fans. 

An  ingenious  sprinkling  shovel  for  hand-stoking  was  shown  by 
Mr.  C.  a.  Fell,  of  Dronfield. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Heavy  Capacity  Lampholders  and  Adaptors.— We 

have  received  from  Messes  G.  St.  John  Day  (Patents).  Ltd.,  a 
letter  referring  to  the  letter  in  our  issue  of  June  6th,  by  Mr. 
C.  J.  Stonier.  Dundee,  in  which  they  inform  us  that  their  Mumps 
and  one-part  adaptors,  kc,  will,  and  do,  carry  the  same  current  as 
their  Mumps  holders  ;  they  guarantee  these  holders  and  adaptors, 
when  used  together,  to  carry  10  amperes.  The  only  difficulty  they 
experienced  with  large  current-carrying  capacity  holders, 
adaptors,  kc,  was  the  size  of  the  conductors  entering  or  connected 
to  such  appliances,  which  necessarily  required  large  holes.  This 
difiBculty  has  been  overcome,  and  we  have  before  us  a  Mumps  lamp- 
holder  and  one  part  adaptor,  coupled  and  wired  with  7/22  wire  and 
1.30  10  flex.  The  makers  inform  us  that  they  have  tested  the 
holders  and  adaptor  with  20  amperes  passing  continually  for 
IS  hours  without  heating'  up.  The  holder  sent  us  is  provided 
with  side  channels  in  the  barrel  to  observe  the  method  of  contact 
making,  as  well  as  for  heat  testing,  and  it  occurs  to  us  that  these 
channels  might  be  made  a  permanent  feature  of  the  holders  to 
allow  of  the  circulation  of  air. 

Electric  Lamp  Films.— At  the  Blue  Hall  Cinemato- 
graph Theatre.  2ii7,  King  Street.  Hammersmith,  during  this  week, 
at  8  p.m.  daily,  there  is  being  shown  a  special  film  illustrating  the 
operations  at  the  Osram  and  Robertson  lamp  works,  with  views  of 
the  employes  at  work  and  at  play. 

Dissolations  and  Liquidations. — Ioiixsun-Bii.m.v(;to.\ 

Electp-icitv  Meter.s,  Ltd.— A  petition  for  winding  up  this 
company,  presented  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Johnson,  62,  Langham  Road, 
Teddington,  a  creditor,  is  to  be  heard  on  June  17th. 

Traction  SrppLiES,  Ltd.— Creditors  should  send  particulars  of 
their  debts,  kc,  to  the  liquidator,  >Ir.  T.  Metcalf,  50,  Frederick 
Street,  Sunderland,  by  June  27th. 

Adamson,  Kamm'.ottom  A:  Co.,  Ltd. — Creditors  should  send 
particulars  of  their  debts,  ,V;o.,  to  Mr.  B.  Cookson,  6.  Castle  Street, 
Liverpool,  the  liquidator,  by  July  31st. 

Halpin's  Patent  Thermal  Storage,  Ltd.— A  meeting  is 
called  for  July  16th,  at  .'>,  Coleman  Street,  E.C.,  to  hear  an  account 
of  the  winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  S.  V.  Tiddy. 

Bankruptcy  Proce«'dings. — J.  G.  .M.  Hii.tox,  elec- 
trical engineer.  Iii3,  Exchange  Buildings,  Birmingham.  —  The 
first  meeting  of  creditors  herein  wa;'  fixed  for  Wednesday  of 
last  week,  at  Ruskin  Chambers.  Corporation  Street,  Birmingham, 
but  the  meeting  was  adjoume<l  in  order  to  enable  th«  debtor  to 
formulate  a  scheme  by  which  the  creditors  would  receive  a  com- 
position of  7s.  6d.  in  the  £. 

W.  LoNfJDON  and  V.  G.  Cobi:  (Longdon  A:  Cobb,  electrical 
engineers),  Nottingham.— Also  W.  Longdon  (separate  estate). — 
June  28th  is  the  last  day  for  receiving  proofs  for  dividend.  Mr. 
E.  W.  Humphreys.  Official  Retieiver.  4,  Castle  Place,  Nottingham. 

C.  S.  Northcote.  electrical  engineer,  Streatham.— A  first  and 
final  dividend  of  jiii.  in  the  £  is  payable  June  23rd,  at  132,  York 
Road,  Westminster  Bridge  Road,  S.E. 

Book    \otices. — lieid'x     Handy     Colliery    (Juide    for 

.\iiiilniiiihfirhniil.  hurhiim  and  YnrltxhiTf.  Newcastle-on-Tyne  : 
Andrew  Reid  in  Co.,  Ltd,  2s.  fid.— This  book  opens  with  a  large 
folded  map  of  the  district  named  in  the  title,  showing  the  position 
of  the  collieries  and  the  railways.  It  is  largely  a  directory  of 
colliery-owners,  collieries,  agents,  managers  and  engineers,  while 


it  also  contains  lists  of  associations  and  institutions  connected  with 
the  coal  trade,  and  names  and  addresses  of  H.M.  inspectors  and 
assistant  inspectors  of  mines.  The  latter  half  of  the  book  and 
more  is  occupied  with  copies  of  Acts  of  Parliament  and  Coal 
Mines  Orders,  also  the  special  rules  for  the  installation  and  use  of 
electricity.  Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  miscellaneous  informa- 
tion and  mining  statistics. 

7V/«  Prci,t\cnl  Ehctrknans  Pocket  Jiook  for  1H13.  Edited  by 
H,  T.  Crewe.  London  :  S.  Rentell  A:  Co.  Price  Is.  net— The  little 
red  volume,  which  comes  before  us  fatter  than  ever,  though  some  of 
the  old  sections  have  been  omitted,  is  nnusually  late  this  time  ;  it 
only  reached  us  last  week.  The  new  matter  deals  with  electrical 
coal-cutting  machines,  vacuum  cleaners,  generators  and  motors, 
control  of  lighting  circuits,  measurements,  ,vc.  The  field  covered 
by  the  book  is  so  wide  and  varied  that  it  resembles  an  encyclo- 
padia,  and  it  is  a  mine  of  information  in  brief  on  electrotechnology. 

The  Fariiday  Ilotme  Jonrmil.  Vol.  V,  No.  3,  for  June,  which  has 
just  been  issued,  contains  much  information  regarding  the  doings 
of  old  Faradians,  as  well  as  articles  on  the  Dyott  monoplane, 
Transformer  Regulation  on  Inductive  Loads,  the  Inductive  Coupling 
of  Oscillatory  Circuits,  and  Electric  Winding  Plant  for  Collieries, 
with  other  matter,  making  it  a  very  readable  issue. 

"Electric  Wiring.'  By  W.  C.  Clinton.  Third  Edition.  1913. 
London  :  John  Murray.     Price  l's. 

"The  Modem  Bioscope  Operator.''  1913.  London:  Ganes,  Ltd. 
Price  3s,  6d. 

"Science  Abstracts.'  VoL  XVI,  Part  5,  May  30th,  1913. 
Sections  A  and  B.  London  :  E.  &  F.  N.  Spon,  Ltd.  Price  Is.  6d. 
net  each. 

"  Electricity  in  Mining."  By  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd. 
London  :  Charles  Griffin  A:  Co.,  Ltd.     Price  10s.  6d.  net. 

"  Jotirnal  of  the  Institution  of  Municipal  Engineers."  Vol.  IV, 
No.  16.    May,  1913.    London  :  The  Institution.     Price  Is. 

"Jnurnal  of  the  South  African  Institution  of  Engineers," 
VoL  XI,  No.  10.  May,  1913.  Johannesburg  :  The  Institution. 
Price  2s. 

"Journal  of  the  United  States  Artillery.'  Vol.  XXXIX,  No.  3. 
May- June,  1913.  Fort  Monroe,  Va. :  Coast  Artillery  School 
Press. 

"  Prorprdini/.s  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Eogineers." 
Vol.  XXXIX.No.  5,     May,  1913.    New  York  :  The  Society. 

>ew  Electric  Stove  and  Toaster. — A  new  and  cheap 

form  of  combined  electric  etove  and  toaster  has  just  been 
placed  on  the  market  by  Messes.  F.  A.  Wilkinson  and 
Partners,    Ltd.,    of     Hatfield,    Herts.       The    framework    is 


Electric  Stove  and  Toaster. 


constructed  of  bright  wire,  attached  to  which  is  a  polished 
aluminium  tray  containing  a  simple  form  of  heating  element. 
The  consumption  is  600  watts,  and  the  apparatus  is  of  high 
efficiency.  A  slice  of  bread  can  be  toasted  both  sides  in  IJ  minutes, 
while  3  pints  of  water  can  be  boiled  in  22  minutes.  Ordinary 
honeehold  utensils  are  employed,  it  being  unnecessary  to  use  those 
with  flat  bottoms. 

CatalojTUCS  and  Lists. — Messrs.  (Jrhkiths  Bros,  and 

C".,  Macks  Road,  Bermondeey.  London. — 36-page  booklet  containing 
much  information  relating  to  their  various  insulating  varnishes 
and  compounds  (Ohmaline,  Armaoell,  Pakyderm,  Insulderm,  &c,) 
and  the  purposes  to  which  they  are  applied. 

Messrs.  Veritys,  Ltd.,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W,C.- 
Folder  No.  746  illustrates  and  gives  prioes  of  "  Aston  "  fireproof  and 
insulated  lampholders,  house  service  boards,  tumbler  switches, 
automatic  two-part  lampholders,  ceiling  roses  and  other  devices. 

The  British  Alvminiu.m  C".,  Ltd,,  109,  i,»ueen  Victoria 
Street,  London,  E,C. — 8-page  pamphlet  (No.  133)  containing  fully 
illustrated  information  relating  to  the  erection  and  jointing  of 
aluminium  bm-bars  and  connections  :  tabulated  areas,  weights  and 
other  particulars  of  aluminium  rod,  bar  and  strip,  are  tabulated. 
Leaflet  No.  222a  shows  the  use  of  aluminium  feeders  for  railway 
electrification.     A  special  binder  file  accompanies  the  lists. 

The  Schxiewindt  Electric  Co.,  40  and  41.  Staniforth  Street, 
Birmingham. — Ten-page  list,  describing  their  electric  stoves,  in 
which  Schniewindt  resistance  grids  are  used.  Illustrations  appear 
of  some  17  designs,  and  prices,  weights  and  dimensions  are  tabu- 
lated. Prices  and  particulars  of  the  resistance  grids  are  fully  set 
forth. 

Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  38  and  39, 
Upper  Thames  Street,  London,  E.G. — Leaflet  relating  to  the  "  chain- 
pull'"  switch  lampholder,  and  a  supplementary  price  list  of 
tumbler  and  other  switches. 

Messr,s.  Ross  i  Co.,  62,  Robertson  Street,  Glasgow. — Twenty- 
four-page    illustrated  wholesale  and   export  price  list  of  rubber 


L 


Vol.  72.    No.  I,8n6,  .IiJNio  1.1,  19i:«.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


Ji79 


wires  and  cablon,  lloxibleH  for  liifhtliiK  luid  motor-car  mtrvice,  bell, 
telephone,  nhot-flrinif  and  fuBo  wired,  enamelled  copper  wires, 
cable  BOoketH,  HundrieH  for  dynamo  repairs,  lo. 

MEsyiis.  Maihc  Ai-I'MANckh,  Ltd.,  (5,  Farrinirdon  Avenue, 
London,  E.G. — Folder,  (fivintf  brief  pnrticulurR,  illustration  and 
price  of  the  "  Mogic  "  olectrio  blower  for  factory  and  workshop 
service. 

Mil.  KiiKu.  .1.  Down,  (i,  7  and  ,S,  (Jriilchcd  I'riarf,  London,  M  C. 
UluHtrated  lists  descrihinu  u  Hpriiij^  hammer  and  drills  for  drilllni; 
holes  in  (concrete,  brick  and  stone.  An  extension  for  overhead 
drillini;  is  shown,  and  typioal  ways  of  usinff  thv  hammer  are 
pictured..  Other  lists  ^ive  particulars  of  Rear  shield — a  graphite 
jtear  lubricant  such  as  is  in  use  on  a  larufe  number  of  tramways 
and  railways. 

Thk  Kr.Kci'UTCAL  Co.,  Ltd,  122-12I,  Charintr  Cross  Uoad,  London, 
W.C.— Twenty-four  yiage  cataloffue,  illustrated,  and  Rivintr  prices, 
speeds,  dimonsions,  wcipfhts,  &(•.,  of  electric  fans-  ceiling,  desk, 
porthole,  swivel  and  trunnion,  and  other  types. 

Mksskh.  Kuupka  it  Jacdiiy,  Ltd.,  2t;-;!(!,  Chapter  Street,  West- 
ininster,  London,  S.W. — Illustrated  and  priced  leaflet  ("  F  "),  ftivinp 
particulars  of  electric  fans — universal  joint,  swivel  and  trunnion 
movement,  ceiliner,  porthole,  propeller  and  desk  types  ;  also  a  list 
of  prices  ol'  small  power  motors. 

Messks.  K.  Bennis  &  Co,  Ltd.,  l'8,  Victoria  Street,  London, 
S.W. — 28-pa(!:e  oatalofjue  in  a  brilliant  "  fiery  cover,"  containing 
introductory  comments  on  "  cheap  steam  and  a  smokeless  chimney," 
followed  by  a  description  of  the  construction  and  operation  of  the 
Bennis  stoker.  Tests  results  are  tabulated  both  for  a  power-house 
and  a  cotton  mill.  Nine  pages  of  interesting  drawinprs  follow 
showing  the  application  and  general  arrangement  of  these  stokers 
and  furnaces  to  different  types  of  boilers.  One  of  the  pictures 
shows  the  stoker  arranged  for  gas  firing  as  an  alternative  to  coal 
tiring  ;  and  another  shows  a  Cheshire  power  station  where  12 
lioilers  are  fired  by  the  firm's  machines,  the  coal  used  being  a  small 
slack. 

Thk  Stebmng  Telephone  &  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  200,  Upper 
Thames  Street,  London,  E.G.— Folder  (No.  210),  showing  their 
receivers  for  wireless  telegraphy,  and  stating  prices. 

Wheatstone   Nlip. — We  have   received  from   Messrs. 

H.  EUHARDT  1^  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  9-10,  Bond  Court,  Walbrook,  EC,  a 
sample  roll  of  their  Wheatstone  slip,  which  is  said  to  be  free  from 
oil,  grease  and  fluff,  and  to  keep  in  condition  for  any  length  of 
time  in  any  climate.  The  sample  is  strong  and  crisp,  with  a  clean 
sharp  edge,  and  should  prove  admirably  adapted  for  use  with 
telegraph  and  time  recording  instruments. 

Installation  Contracts. — Mr.  .John  Richards,  elec- 
trical contractor  of  Burton-on-Trent,  has  a  number  of  complete 
plant  installations  in  hand,  particularly  for  country  houses  and 
industrial  works.  The  country  house  installations  include  Wychnor 
Park,  Lichfield  ;  Coton  Hall,  Sudbury  ;  The  Gables,  Rangemore  : 
and  Croft  House  at  Grendon,  where  he  has  recently  completed  the 
electric  lighting  of  Grendon  Hall.  Other  work  now  in  hand 
includes  the  complete  equipment  of  the  Nestl6  &  Anglo  Swiss 
Condensed  Milk  Co.'s  new  factory  at  Ashbourne,  Derbyshire,  with 
some  28  motors,  3.50  lights,  intercommunication  telephones,  electric 
clocks,  kc. ;  Messrs.  Warwicks  &  Richardsons'  Brewery,  Newark-on- 
Trent,  with  some  30  motors  and  2.'")0  lights  ;  Messrs.  James  Hole 
and  Co.'s  Brewery,  Newark-on- Trent,  with  some  300  lights,  besides 
numerous  installations  on  town  supplies. 

The  British  Engineers'  Association  and  merchant 

Firms. — The  Secretary  of  the  British  Engineers'  Association 
(Caxton  House,  S.W.)  writes  to  correct  a  misapprehension  that  the 
Association  intends  working  against  the  interests  of  merchant 
firms.  He  thinks  its  existence  is  probably  due  to  the  Association 
having  had  to  decline  to  elect  a  number  of  merchant  firms  of 
highest  repute  "  simply  because  the  membership  is  confined  strictly 
to  manufacturers."  The  Association  being  purely  an  organisation 
of  manufacturers,  a  merchant  or  agent  is  not  considered  eligible 
Its  members  are  at  liberty  to  deal  with  merchants  as  much  as 
and  however  they  choose.  It  is  sometimes  asked  whether  the 
Association  is  working  with  the  merchants,  but  the  secretary  says 
that  as  an  Association  it  cannot  do  so  ;  its  members,  however,  do 
as  they  please.  The  Association's  aim  is  to  influence  trade  for  the 
benefit  of  its  members,  the  latter  taking  orders  through  any 
channel  they  may  find   convenient. 

British  Electrical  Developments  in  China. — While 

increased  attention  is  being  devoted  to  the  Chinese  market  in  the 
hope  of  preventing  golden  opportunities  slipping  past  our  manu- 
facturers, both  now  and  in  the  future,  it  is  satisfactory  to 
learn  that  the  Genebal  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  whose  efforts  in 
China  are  not  unfamiliar  to  our  readers,  are  very  satisfied  with 
their  experience  there.  The  General  Electric  Co.,  of  China,  Ltd., 
report  that  recently  they  have  secured  several  contracts  for  the 
supply  of  electrical  machinery  for  the  Chinese  cities  of  Soochow  and 
Changchow,  in  Kiangsu  Province.  All  electrical  plant  and 
materials  in  these  places  will  be  of  British  make  and  manufactured 
at  the  works  of  the  G.E.  Co.,  Ltd.,  in  England.  For  Soochow  a 
Witton  single-phase  alternator,  capacity  375  kw.,  with  high-tension 
switchboard,  is  being  supplied  as  an  extension  of  the  present 
generating  plant.  In  the  case  of  Changchow,  which  is  a  similar 
city,  a  Chinese  company  has  been  formed,  and  the  contract  secured 
for  a  Witton  alternator  of  about  200  kw.,  complete  with  high- 
tension  switchboard,  Allen's  engines,  &c.  Another  contract  recently 
secured  has  been  for  three  Witton  high-tension  alternators,  with 
14-panel  switchboard,  for  the  lighting  of  Fatchan,  in  Kwangting 
Province.  The  General  Electric  Co.,  of  China,  Ltd.,  was  only 
established  in  1911  ;  its  headquarters  are  at  Shanghai,  and  sub- 
branches  are  located  at  Hong:  Kong,  Tientsin  and  other  places. 


Trade  AnnoiincciiientH.  Wc  underfitund  that  nnau: 
uonfuHion  and  inconvenience  hoH  ariiien  owing  to  corr»;iipondent« 
foiling  to  luldresH  Idtters  correctly  for  firms  of  Homcwhut  nlmllw 
title  at  WuiHttll.  Readers  ore  wki-A  to  take  note  that  the  addrew 
of  the  Walsall  Klectricol  Co.,  LUl.,  ix  r,7,  Bridge  Street,  Waliifcll. 
and  that  of  the  WalHull  Hardware  Co.,  who  manufa<;ture  condnii* 
and  fittings,  in  the  directories  is  Wolsoll  only.  MistakeH  have  alio 
occurred  in  the  corrcHpondcnco  of  these  two  coiicernM  and  that  of 
the  Mechanical  and  Kngineering  Co.  Each  of  the«e  firms  ha*i 
lately  received  letters  intended  for  one  of  the  others. 

The  Hai.lamhhire  Electhic  Co.,  Ltd.,  boH  rtiuoved  to  16, 
Carver  Street,  Shetfield. 

Tnr.  Ben.iamin  Electhic,  Ltd.,  announce  that  their  acconnbi 
and  order  departments  are  now  managed  at  the  company's  work* 
at  lA,  Rosebery  Avenue,  E.C.  (telephone  No.  "City  2107  '  ),  and  all 
communications  relating  thereto  should  be  sent  to  that  addrewi. 
The  sales  olficc  and  showrooms  are  still  at  117,  Victoria  Street,  S.W. 
(telephone  No.  "  Victoria  1297  '). 

Messrs.  Falk,  Stadel.mann  A:  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  arranged  for 
permanent  showrooms  at  107/111,  Shudehill,  Manchester,  for  the 
display  of  electrical  fittings  and  acceHSories  of  every  description, 
and  a  complete  stock  will  be  carried. 

■  We  understand  that  Messrs.  Ba.xteb  iV  Cad.stek,  of  219, 
Tottenham  Court  Road,  W.C,  are  rearranging  their  switchboard 
department,  putting  it  under  new  management,  particulars  of 
which  will  be  duly  announced.  Mr.  L.  B.  Best  is  no  longer 
associated  with  the  firm. 

Low-Water  Alarm  and  Feed  Regulator.— We  regret 

that  the  address  of  Messrs.  Ellefsen  &  Co.,  makers  of  this  device, 
was  wrongly  given  in  our  last  issue.  It  is  26a,  .Silver  Street, 
Bedford  (not  Bradford). 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Ashford  (Kent). — At  a  meeting  of  the  U.D.C.  on 
June  5th,  an  application  was  received  from  the  East  Kent  Electric 
Supply  Co.  for  permission  to  use  overhead  wires  for  the  supply  of 
current  under  the  order  held  by  the  company.  The  matter  was 
referred  to  a  Committee  for  the  collection  of  further  information. 

Banft'. — The  Lunacy  Board  has  under  consideration  the 
lighting  of  Ladysbridge  Asylum  with  electricity,  at  an  estimated 
cost  of  £1.100.  It  is  calculated  that  by  adopting  electricity  a 
saving  of  about  £10o  per  annum  would  be  effected,  as  the  gas 
installation  costs  a  good  deal  annually  for  repairs. 

Barnstaple. — The  income  from  the  electricity  under- 
taking for  the  year  ending  March  31st,  1913,  amounted  to  £.'),400. 
The  expenditure  totalled  £3,o62.  There  is,  therefore,  a  profit 
balance  to  carry  forward  of  £2,337.  The  capital  account 
shows  an  unexpected  balance  of  £99,  the  expenditure  being 
£33,385. 

Bedford.— The  L.G.B.  has  informed  the  T.C.  that  the 
inquiry  into  the  application  for  a  loan  of  •Cll,.")90  for  additional 
plant  at  the  electricity  works  will  be  reopened  on  June  18th  by 
Mr.  T.  C.  Ekin.  There  have  been  two  previous  inquiries  concerning 
the  loan,  particulars  of  which  have  appeared  in  the  Electrical 
Review. 

Belfast. — The  two  years'  discussion  on  the  proposed  new 
power  station  does  not  appear  to  bring  the  matter  any  further 
towards  a  settlement.  Mr.  Bloxam's  report  upon  the  estimated 
comparative  capital  and  working  costs  of  the  various  sites  has  been 
issued,  showing  considerably  in  favour  of  the  harbour  sites  in  the 
matter  of  working  expenses.  The  capital  expenditure  on  an 
18,000  KW.  station,  including  over  £100,000  for  machinery,  is 
estimated  at  between  £183,000  and  £202,000  according  to  the  site 
selected. 

For  the  year  ended  March  31st  last,  the  Electricity  Department 
shows  a  working  profit  of  .£34,947  carried  to  net  revenue  account, 
to  which  has  been  added  £1,380  for  bank  interest,  making  a  total 
of  £36,827.  After  providing  for  fixed  charges,  amounting  to 
£22,478,  income-tax,  \.c.,  there  remained  to  the  credit  of  the  new 
revenue  account  a  disposable  balance  of  £13,175.  The  appropriation 
of  this  sum  will  be  considered  at  a  later  meeting  of  the  T.C. 

Bradford. — The  city  electrical  engineer  has  been 
instructed  to  furnish  members  of  the  Electricity  Committee  with  a 
copy  of  the  report  presented  by  him  upon  suggested  extensions  of 
the  generating  plant,  together  with  an  estimate  of  the  capital  cost 
involved.  The  Committee  is  to  hold  a  special  meeting  at  an 
early  date,  and  to  proceed  to  Newcastle,  Manchester  and  other  towns 
to  inspect  the  electrical  undertakings. 

The  electrical  engineer  has  also  been  instructed  by  the  Committee 
to  proceed  with  the  work  of  extending  existing  e.h.t.  feeders  at  an 
estimated  cost  of  £5,4.')8. 

Burnley. — A  statement  prepared  by  the  borough 
treasurer  and  submitted  to  the  T.C.  shows  that  the  actual  profits 
from  the  electricity  undertaking  on  the  past  year's  working  amount 
to  £7,926.    This  is  £3,133  more  than  the  amount  estimated, 


980 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [voi.  72.  no.  i.g-o,  juke  i:*,  1911. 


Bristol. — In  his  annual  report  tx3  the  City  Council,  Mr, 
Proctor,  the  city  electrical  engineer,  eays  the  Electrical  Committee 
has  agreed  to  reduce  the  charge  for  public  street  lighting  by  £2,000 
per  annum  and  to  give  a  supply  of  current  free  of  all  charge  to 
numerous  incandescent  electric  lamps  on  the  line  of  route  of  the 
mains.  Cooking  by  electricity  has  been  introduced,  and  is  rapidly 
becoming  popular.  The  number  of  cooking  stoves  in  use  would 
have  been  appreciably  larger,  but  for  the  difficulty  experienced  in 
obtaining  sufficient  deliveries  from  the  manufacturers,  who 
throughout  the  country  are  overcrowded  with  orders.  The  increase 
in  the  connections  to  the  mains,  reduced  to  thp  equivalent  of 
30-watt  lamps,  is  6.5,068.  This  is  the  greatest  increase  in  any 
year  since  the  commencement  of  the  undertaking,  excpt  only  the 
year  1908-9.  The  total  connections  to  date  amount  to  63;»,.")23  ; 
15,000  H.p.  of  motors  on  consumers'  premises  are  now  supplied, 
over  2,000  h.p.  having  been  added  during  the  year.  The  total  sale 
of  energy  has  increased  25  per  cent.  The  total  revenue  from  the 
current  sold  has  risen  from  £73,3:i.")  to  £82,130,  an  increase  of 
£8,795,  aa  compared  with  an  increase  of  £5,072  for  the  former 
year.  The  gross  profit  on  the  years  working  is  £5(),129.  The 
Committee  has  opened  a  general  reserve  fund  this  year,  to  the 
credit  of  which  it  has  placed  the  sum  of  £6,0(i0. 

BartOll-00-Trent. — Application  has  been  made  to  the 
L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  the  borrowing  of  jto.OuO  for  25  years  for 
mains  and  feeders,  £1,500  for  15  years  for  services,  and  £2,000  for 
l.°i  years  for  transformers  and  sub  stations. 

Bury. — Mr.  S.  J.  "Watson,  the  borough  electrical 
engineer,  in  his  just-published  annual  report,  states  that  the  total 
units  sold  for  all  purposes  were  5,076,634  (of  which  1,370,266  were 
for  tramway  purposes),  as  %gainst  4,220,191  (1.340,355  for  tram- 
ways) in  the  preceding  year.  The  total  generating  costs  were  "Sod. 
per  unit  sold,  compared  with  '62d.  per  unit  last  year,  and  the  average 
price  obtained  for  the  total  output  was  I'Ood.  per  unit,  compared 
with  riOd.  per  unit  for  the  previous  year.  After  payment  of  all 
working  expenses  there  was  a  gross  profit  of  £10,577,  equal  to 
6"49  per  cent,  on  the  average  capital  employed,  compared  with 
£8,472,  equal  to  5'65  per  cent,  on  the  capital  for  the  previous  year. 
The  sum  of  i!ll,219  was  required  to  pay  interest  on  loans  and 
sinking  fund,  leaving  a  debit  balance  of  £642,  which  had  been 
taken  from  the  reserve  fund.  During  the  year  £7,06i'>  had  been 
expended  on  new  mains,  services  and  transformers.  Although  a 
loss  of  .t642  has  to  be  recorded,  adds  Mr.  Watson,  the  general 
position  of  the  undertaking  shows  a  marked  improvement  over  the 
previous  year,  and  the  next  accounts  will  probably  show  that  the 
undertaking  is  once  more  established  on  a  profit-earning  basis. 
Commenting  on  the  report  at  the  T.C.  meeting  on  June  5th, 
Councillor  Jamieson  said  the  capital  charges  and  the  working 
expenses  had  now  reached  a  normal  level,  and  all  additional 
income  would  consequently  yield  a  much  larger  percentage  of 
profit. 

Canterbury. — Daring  the  year  ended  ^larch,  1913,  the 
sum  expended  on  capital  account  on  the  electricity  undertaking 
amounted  to  about  £766.  making  a  total  expenditure  of  £70,188- 
up  to  date.  The  income  from  sales  amounted  to  £10,088,  as 
against  £9,557  in  the  previous  year.  An  Increase  of  7  per  cent,  in 
private  consumers  is  reported.  The  expenditure  was  £5,706, 
against  £5,263  ;  the  gross  profit  of  £4,954  shows  a  return  of  7  per 
cent.  The  net  profit,  after  providing  for  interest,  income-tax, 
capital  repayment,  and  sinking  fund  of  £3,981,  wass  £972;  £174 
had  been  expended  for  the  purchase  of  the  free  wiring  installations, 
and  apart  from  that  the  profit  would  have  amounted  to  over  £l,(iOO 
during  the  year. 

Cliarnmouth. — An   electric   lighting  scheme   for    the 

village  has  been  propounded  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Steele,  who  proposes  to 
use  local  water-power  and  to  invoke  the  aid  of  the  Dorset  Electric 
Lighting  Co. 

Cheltenham.— The  T.C.  has  applied  to  the  L.G.B.  for 
a  loan  of  £2,000  for  prospective  mains  extensions. 

China. — According  to  the  Indian  Tex/ile  Journal,  the 
Kwangtung  Electric  Co.  is  extending  its  lighting  cable  to  Fati, 
on  the  other  side  of  the  Canton  river.  The  town  named  is  the 
terminus  of  the  Canton-Samshni  Railway  and  boasts  of  quite  a 
number  of  European  godowns  and  residences.  To  meet  the  new 
supply,  two  additional  Diesel  engines  and  dynamos  of  300  kw. 
each  are  to  be  installed,  capable  of  giving  30,n0ii  lights.  These 
additions  will  bring  the  company's  plant  up  to  12  engines. 

Claeton-on-Sea. — The  U.D.C.  has  received  from  the 
L.G.B.  sanction  to  a  loan  of  £C,fif"i  for  electricity  purposes, 
£5,390  being  for  a  Diesel  engine,  and  £610  for  extensions  to  the 
generating  station. 

Colne, — The  Corporation  has  received  the  sanction  of 
the  L  G.B.  to  the  borrowing  of  £2,000  for  the  purpose  of  extending 
the  electricity  mains. 

Crewe. — The  T.C.  has  received  the  sanction  of  the 
L.G.B.  to  a  loan  of  £430  for  converting  to  electric  lighting  certain 
street  lamps  in  the  Xorth  Ward  of  the  borough. 

After  paying  all  costs,  there  is  a  surplus  of  £1,329  on  the 
electricity  undertaking  for  the  year  ended  March  3iBt.  Of  this 
amount,  £000  is  to  be  applied  in  aid  of  the  general  district  rate  for 
191314. 

Dart  ford. — The  electrical  engineer  has  been  authorised 

to  Issue  an  illustrated  pamphlet  calling  attention  to  the  cheap 
rates  at  which  energy  is  supplied  to  power  consumers  and  to  the 
advantages  which  the  locality  affords  for  the  erection  of  factories. 


Dudley. — In  connection  with  the  sale  of  the  Corpora- 
tion's electricity  undertaking,  a  deadlock  arose  owing  to  the 
limitation  on  both  sides  of  the  statutory  powers  ;  but,  as  a  result 
of  a  special  meeting  of  the  Council  in  reference  to  this  matter,  all 
difficulties  have  now  been  overcome.  Under  the  new  agreement, 
as  under  the  original  one.  all  losses  which  the  Corporation  has 
sustained  in  connection  with  electrical  supply  will  be  refunded.  A 
rearrangement  of  the  working  plant,  to  be  carried  out  at  a  cost  of 
£20,000,  is  to  include  the  erection  of  transforming  plant  to  givej 
high-pressure  current  on,  it  is  believed,  more  favourable  conditiona 
to  consumers.  It  is  understood  that  the  sale  can  now  be  complet 
without  any  public  inquiry. 

Dundee. — Treasurer  Soutar,  dealing  with  the  Corporation 
electricity  accounts  at  a  meeting  of  the  Town  Council,  said  the  ye 
had  closed  with  a  net  profit  of  £7,028.      Although  this  was  fullyl 
£3,000  less  than  in  the  previous  year,  it  was  accounted  for  by] 
the  increase  in  coal  cost  and  assessments.     The  total  units  sold  were! 
over  10,000,000,  showing  an  increase  of  IJ  millions,  and  the  total j 
revenue  was  ^52,390,  an  increase  of  £3,000,  in  spite  of  the  fact  o| 
considerable  reductions  made  in  the  price.      Practically  the  whol 
of  the  increased  units  sold  had  been  for  power  purposes,  althougli 
there  was  also  a  gratifying  increase  in  the  units  sold  for  lightingf.l 
The  whole  of  the  net  profit  had  been  placed  to  reserve  fund,  whioh| 
now    amounted     to     £21,781.       Councillor     Don     congratulab 
iMr.  Richardson,  the  Corporation  engineer,  and  said  the  result  wa 
an  ample  answer  to  the  complaints  about  continuous  expenditure  on] 
capital  account,  and  to  the  criticism  which  was  offered  when  theyj 
decided  to  go  to  Carolina  Port  ;  he  thought  it  was  only  after  thejr] 
had  increased  the  power  demand  that  they  could  hope  to  grant  any' 
advantage  to  the  consumers  for  lighting.      The  accounts  and  esti- 
mates were  approved,  the  charges  remaining  unchanged. 

Eastbourne. — The  annual  report  of  Jtlr.  J.  K.  Brydgea, 
the  borough  electrical  engineer,  on  the  work  of  his  department, 
shows  that  the  income  of  the  year  was  £27,860,  the  gross  profit 
£14,176,  and  the  net  profit  £2,49.'),  which  compares  with  £1,089 
in  1911-12.  The  total  energy  sold  was  1,620,648  units,  as  com- 
pared with  1,132,:!23  units  in  1911-12. 

Eccles. — In  regard  to  the  figure  of  £112,  given  as  the  net 
profit  of  the  electricity  department  for  the  past  year.  Alderman 
Pearson  explained  to  the  Council  last  week  that  the  sum  was  esti- 
mated at  the  time  the  price  to  be  paid  by  Salford  was  in  dispute. 
The  Council  had  now  practically  agreed  as  to  a  price,  and  the  profit 
would  be  £380.  That,  however,  was  a  decrease  on  the  amount 
under  the  old  arrangement.  Referring  to  the  revenue  account,  he 
pointed  out  that,  after  paying  for  all  working  expenses,  the.-e  was 
,a  gross  profit  of  £4,193,  which  was  slightly  over  7  per  cent,  on  the 
capital  invested. 

Epsom. — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  apply  for  sanction  to 
a  loan  of  £480  to  carry  electrical  cables  to  the  Woodccte  Park 
Estate.  If  supplied  with  current,  the  Royal  Automobile  Club, 
which  has  premises  on  the  estate,  has  guaranteed  £60  revenue  per 
annum  for  three  years. 

Elland. — The  Council  last  week  confirmed  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  Electricity  Committee  that  in  future  electricity 
for  public  lighting  be  charged  at  the  rate  of  1  Jd.  per  unit.  It  was 
reported  that  the  number  of  consumers  was  now  349.  The  total 
output  for  last  month  was  3.^,440  units,  a  decrease  of  1,331  on  the 
previous  month,  and  an  increase  of  16,419  on  the  corresponding 
period  of  last  year. 

Felixstowe. — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  not  to  reopen 
negotiations  with  Dr.  C.  H.  Lieberbrand  on  the  subject  of  the 
transfer  of  the  electricity  undertaking,  or  to  have  any  further 
correspondence  with  him  on  the  matter. 

Gillin^ham  (Kent). — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  supply 

electrical  energy  to  the  Admiralty  for  the  Naval  Hospital,  for  heating 
and  cooking,  at  1  d.  per  unit  on  a  guaranteed  minimum  consumption 
of  50,000  units  per  annum,  or  lid.  per  unit  without  such  guarantee. 

Gloucester. — Subject  to  a  satisfactory  agreement,  the 
T.C.  has  decided  to  supply  current  for  lighting  and  power  to 
Messrs.  Spillers  &  Bakers'  flour  mill.  A  cable  will  be  run  through 
a  pipe  under  the  oinal. 

IIalifa.\. — At   a  meeting  of  the  T.C.   last  week,   the 

Electricity  Committee  recommended  that  the  charges  for  electricity 
for  lighting  purposes  be  4d.  per  unit  for  accounts  up  to  1,200  units 
a  quarter  and  2d.  per  unit  for  energy  supplied  in  excess  of  that 
amount.  The  vice-chairman  of  the  Gas  Comcnittee  moved  that  the  ' 
minute  be  referred  back,  and  was  supported  by  several  speakers, : 
including  the  Mayor,  who  said  that  competition  between  the  Elec- 
tricity and  Gas  Committees,  if  carried  to  extremes,  would  kill  both] 
departments.  The  chairman  of  the  Electricity  Committee,  inj 
answer  to  the  Mayor,  said  the  two  Committees  had  already  met,j 
but  had  not  been  able  to  come  to  any  agreement.  The  war- 
fare between  the  Committees  was  ridiculous.  The  motion  to  refeij 
back  was  carried. 

llastin|!^8. — At  last  Friday's  meeting  of  the  Corporation 
the  annual  accounts  of  the  electric  light  undertaking  (up  to  Harot 
31»t)  were  submitted  by  the  borough  accountant,  and  showed  th 
considerable  progress  had  been  made.     From  the  time  when  thtj 
undertaking  was  purchased   by  the  Corporation  from  a  local  ooin-| 
pany — in  1898— the  financial  position  has  been  handicapped  by  th* 
heavy  capital  involved. 

The  income  for  the  year  was  £22,327,  showing  an  increase  of 
£1,719  on  the  previous  year;  the  expenditure  was  £10,669   and 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,8.'iB,  Junk  l:i,  191!!.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


981 


he  RrroHfl  profit  £  1 1,R58.  After  meetinf;  uapital  char|;cH,  the  nut 
roflt  nmounttid  to  £557,  and  comparoH  with  £'.)0  in  the  previous 
ear.     ISjth  thoHc  amountH  were  tranHferrcd  to  reaorvo. 

Hull, — Oil  .Iiiiio  Ml  a  L.O.B.  iiKjuiry  was  held  by  Mr. 
[ooper  roBpentinir  the  application  of  the  T.C).  for  a  loan  of  £1,800 
Dr  eleotrio  liirht  fittinps  for  the  new  (iuildhall.  Mr.  Hooper 
ointed  out  that  the  propoHcd  outlay  wbb  very  hitfh,  beinff  £  I  Be. 
er  liRht,  and  it  was  intimated  that,  if  neceHsary,  the  Council 
rould  try  and  reduce  the  cost. 

India, — Tlie  cliicf  onfjineer  of  the   Karachi  Port  Trust 

as  licen  instructed  to  estimate  the  cost  of  the  general  liRhtinp  by 
lectricity  of  the  Port  Trust  properties  at  Keamari  from  the  board's 
wn  installation. —  Indioti  hhiiihirrriiKi. 

Kinj^'s  Lynn, — 'I'hc  abrid<i;c(l  returns  of  the  Electricity 
lepartment  for  the  last  year's  working  show  a  total  income  of 
7,314,  and  after  meeting  working  expenses  and  financial  charfres, 
net  profit  of  £87{)  remains,  as  compared  with  ,C."i03  in  the  previous 
ear 

Kirkcaldy, — The  Electric  Lighting  Department  returns 
jow  a  loss  of  £37  on  the  last  year's  workinfj.  It  was  estimated, 
Bwever,  that  the  deficit  would  have  been  greater,  but  the  raising 
E  the  rate  for  current  supplied  to  the  tramways  from  Jd.  to  Id. 
it  unit  has  considerably  improved  matters. 

The  Council  proposes  experimenting  with  a  new  type  of  arc  lamp 
ir  street  lighting,  with  a  view  to  economising  in  that  department. 

Korea. — The  total  amount  of  capital  invested  in  elec- 
ioal  concerns  in  Korea  is  about  £1,225,000.     Of  this  sum  £980,000 

invested  in  concerns  already  working,  and  the  balance  in  elec- 
ical  works  which  are  in  course  of  construction.  During  the  year 
TO  new  companies  commenced  operations.  One  supplies  the  town 
'  Gensan  with  light  and  power,  and  is  the  only  hydro-electric 
impany  in  the  country.  The  other  supplies  light  and  power  to 
le  town  of  Taikyu.  Eight  more  companies  which  have  already 
oeived  official  sanction  are  expected  to  commence  work  during 
•  13. — Board  of  Trade  Jonrnal. 

Leigh  (Lanes.). — It  was  reported  last  week-end  that  the 
•ofit  on  the  municipal  electricity  department  last  year  was  £1,080. 
1  increase  of  over  £500  upon  the  previous  year. 

London, — Stei'J^ey. — The  income  of  the  electricity 
idertaking  for  the  year  ended  March  31st  last  amounted  to 
78,4:U,  being  an  increase  over  the  previous  year  of  £9,154,  whilst 
,e  total  expenditure  amounted  to  £39,208,  an  increase  of  £8,123. 
lis  leaves  a  gross  surplus  of  £39,226,  as  compared  with  £38,196, 
id  represents  a  gross  profit  of  8}  per  cent,  on  the  capital  employed, 
tich,  in  view  of  the  very  low  tariff  in  force,  the  Electricity  Supply 
tmmittee  deem  satisfactory.  There  has  been  an  increase  in  the 
imber  of  units  sold  during  the  12  months  from  11,972,955  to 
,580,982.  With  reference  to  the  net  revenue  account,  the  total 
come,  including  the  balance  from  revenue  account,  amounted  to 
59,834,  against  which  are  charged  £27,278  for  loan  charges  paid, 
300  for  stand-by  charges,  £8  additional  provision  for  accrued 
arges,  and  £441  for  certain  temporary  work,  leaving  a  balance 
rried  to  appropriation  account  of  £11,507,  as  compared  with 
12,757  the  previous  year.  As  regards  this  latter  account,  the  total 
lount  available,  including  £  1 1,507  from  the  net  revenue  account  and 
!,2.51  brought  forward  from  the  previous  year,  amounts  to  £13,760, 
d  it  is  proposed  to  charge  against  this  account  the  following  :  — 
1,125,  representing  expenditure  in  the  nature  of  capital  not 
me  by  loan  ;  £2,711  written  out  of  the  capital  account  in 
spect  of  assets  ((.f.,  machinery,  meters  and  house  services), 
iw  non-existent  ;  and  £8,443  transferred  to  reserve,  carrying 
rward  £1,482  to  next  year's  account.  The  available 
lance  on  the  reserve  account  was  £21,193  (including 
6  £8,443  transferred  from  the  appropriation  account),  against 
lich  has  been  charged  £193  cost  during  the  year  of  removing 
mt  from  Whitechapel  to  Limehouse,  leaving  £21,000  carried 
rward  to  next  year's  account.  Of  this  latter  sum,  <;  1,000  is 
served  in  respect  of  bad  and  doubtful  debts.  The  known  bad 
bts  have  been  actually  written  off.  The  capital  commitments 
ling  the  year  amounted  to  £26,834,  and  new  loans  amount- 
f  to  £23,250,  were  taken  up  to  meet  this.  The  aggregate 
pital  expenditure  amounted  to  £461,114. 

St.  Pancras. — The  terms  upon  which  the  Council  is  to  enter 
to  an  agreement  with  the  London  Housing  Society  for  a  supply 

current  to  its  residences  in  Judd  Street  are  to  be  altered  so  as 

provide  that  no  supply  shall  be  given  except  on  the  under- 
mding  that  no  gas  is  to  be  used  in  the  buildings  for  lighting 
rposes.  The  Council's  opposition  to  the  London  Electric  Rail- 
kys  Bill  has  been  settled  by  an  agreement  being  entered  into  by 
lich  the  promoters  promise  to  pay  to  the  Council  £300.  The 
ectricity  Committee  anticipates  that,  when  the  plant  for  the 
rther  extension  of  the  principal  generating  station  is  installed,  it 
ly  be  able  to  make  a  further  favourable  revision  of  charges. 
I6L1>GT0N. — Application  is  to  be  made  to  the  L.C.C.  for  sanction 

borrow  £10,000  required  in  respect  of  high  and  low-tension 
(tributing  mains,  meters,  services  and  transformers  for  the 
aning  year. 

Hacknev. — In  connection  with  the  coal  contracts  to  March, 
14,  for  the  first  time  alternative  tenders  were  asked  for  "  named  " 
d  "guaranteed  "  coal.  The  Electricity  Committee,  after  analysing 
B  tenders,  feels  obliged  to  recommend  "  named ''  coal,  as  in  no 
le  are  the  "  guaranteed "  coal  prices  sufficiently  low,  when  the 
iins  for  superiority  to  standard  is  taken  into  account.  Offers  by 
»Brs.  Cory  and  Sons,  at  16s.  7d,  and  17e.  6d.  per  ton  for  "  named  " 
il  were  accepted;  the  "guaranteed"  prices  comparable  were 
!.  lid,  and  17s,  Id, 


Manchester, — 'I'he  V\.\,.  ConmiiLU;*:  ImH  adopted  the 
"  Norwich  "  Hystem  of  charging  an  an  altornativc  rate  Cat  the 
option  of  the  conHumer)  to  the  exintlng  tarifTit  for  domeiitic 
oupplleH.  Thfi  new  rate  iH  ba'cd  on  a  fixed  charge  of  121  per  cnt. 
on  the  net  rateable  value  of  the  dwelling  houne,  pIuB  jd.  per  unit 
metered  for  all  supplieR.  The  adoption  of  the  new  tariff  ht 
further  contingent  on  the  conHumer  agreeing  to  inHtafI  for 
domestic  power  purpnsRH  a  certain  minimum  number  of  kilowattH, 
according  to  the  rateable  value  of  the  premises,  in  addition  to  the 
existing  lighting  roquiremonta. 

Niddleton, — There  is  a  loss  on  the  year's  working  of 
the  electricity  department  of  £1,800,  after  allowing  for  £500  for 
depreciation.  This  is  due  chiefly  to  the  high  price  of  caal  and  to 
the  breakdown  which  occurred.  Although  there  in  an  increase  in 
the  number  of  consumers,  the  amount  consumed  ban  not  increaned, 
and  the  department  haa  received  £476  less  for  electricity  supplied 
for  traction  purposes.  The  deficiency  on  revenue  account  is 
£1,124. 

Morocco, — La  Sociedad  Hispano-Marrocpii  de  Oas  y 
Electricidad  is  the  name  of  a  company  which  has  lately  been 
formed,  with  a  capital  of  £200,000,  to  acquire  and  carry  on  the 
central  electric  lighting  station  in  the  town  of  Melilla.  The 
plant,  which  hos  a  capacity  of  800  H.P.,  is  to  be  inoreaped  by  the 
establishment  of  a  new  600-H  i".  station  to  enable  current  to  be 
supplied  to  Xadar  and  other  small  towns  in  the  district.  A  gsia- 
works  is  also  to  be  established  at  Melilla  by  the  company. 

Nnneaton, — The  T.C.  has  reduced  the  price  of  current 
on  the  flat  rate  to  4d.  per  unit  with  ordinary  meters,  and  to4id. 
per  unit  with  slot  meters. 

Itochdale. — The  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  has 
under  consideration  the  terms  on  which  a  bulk  supply  shall  be 
granted  to  the  Hey  wood  Corporation. 

Rhosllanerclirugog, — As  the  outcome  of  inquiries  made 
by  the  local  Traders'  Association,  the  Welsh  EL.  Syndicate  has 
intimated  that  it  is  prepared  to  supply  electricity  to  the  town  at 
6d.  per  unit.  Another  scheme,  whereby  current  could  be  obtained 
from  Wrexham  by  means  of  overhead  lines,  has  been  submitted  by 
the  borough  electrical  engineer.  The  matter  Is  being  considered  by 
a  Lighting  Committee  appointed  by  the  Association. 

Roscrea, — The  Council  has  granted  to  the  Roscrea 
Co-operative  Bacon  Factory  a  lease  for  2 1  years  to  put  up  poles 
and  do  other  necessary  work  so  as  to  supply  the  town  with  electric 
light  and  power,  the  factory  to  pay  to  the  Council  a  nominal  rent. 

St.  Helens, — At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C,  Sir  Joseph 
Beecham,  reviewing  the  work  of  the  electricity  department,  said 
the  income  during  the  year  amounted  to  £27,365,  an  increase  of 
£1,33'.'  over  the  previous  year.  On  the  expenditure  side,  the 
working  expenses  were  reduced  by  £599  to  a  total  of  £13,344,  so 
that  the  gross  profit  amounted  to  £14,821,  which  was  a  return  of 
1\  per  cent,  on  the  capital.  After  deducting  capital  charges,  there 
remained  a  surplus  of  1 1,629,  compared  with  £518.  The  total 
number  of  units  sold  was  4,890,438,  an  increase  of  73.506  units. 
The  power  units  amounted  to  2,998,83ii,  an  increase  of  5}  per  cent, 
over  the  previous  year.  In  connection  with  the  tramways  supply, 
there  was  a  decrease  in  the  amount  of  energy  taken  of  57, 6i  i9  unit#, 
or  4  2  per  cent. 

Salford, — At  the  T.C.  meeting  last  week,  the  question  of 
the  public  lighting  of  the  borough  was  referred  to  the  Lighting 
and  Cleansing  Committee  for  a  report  as  to  whether  the  lighting  is 
efficient. 

Sheffield.— The  T.C.  has  engaged  Mr.  Haydn  Harrison, 
of  Westminster,  at  an  inclusive  fee  of  100  guineas,  to  go  into  the 
question  of  the  relative  cost  and  efficiency  of  gas  and  electricity 
for  street  lighting. 

Siberia. — According  to  a  St.  Petersburg  paper,  the 
Minister  of  Commerce  has  decided  to  equip  the  Port  of  Vladivostok 
with  a  number  of  electric  cranes  and  other  cargo-handling  appli- 
ances, for  which  is  allocated  1,000,000  roubles.  A  complete  dredg- 
ing plant  is  also  to  be  acquired,  at  a  cost  of  300,00o  roubles, 
for  use  at  Ust-Kamchat  Va,  on  the  east  coast  of  the  Island  of 
Saghalin. 

South  Africa, — Relative  to  the  supply  of  electric  current 
by  the  Durban  Corporation  at  reducd  prices,  with  a  view  to 
encouraging  its  use  for  domestic  heating  and  cooking,  H,M.  Trade 
Commissioner  for  South  Africa  reports  that  the  efforts  of  the 
Corporation  are  meeting  with  considerable  success,  and  that  electric 
heating  and  cooking  are  now  fairly  well  established  in  popular 
favour  in  Durban. 

Spennymoor  (Co,  Durham), — By  10  votes  to  6  the 

U.D.C.  has'decided  to  utilise  electricity  for  public  lighting,  and  the 
tender  of  the  E.L.  Co.  at  £2  lOs.  per  lamp  per  annum  on  a  three 
years'  contract,  has  been  accepted. 

Tilbury, — The  County  of  London  Electric  Supply  Co.. 
which  is  applying  for  a  prov.  order  for  electric  lighting,  has 
informed  the  U.D.C.  that  it  cannot  include  in  the  order  the  con- 
ditions desired  by  the  Council  as  to  the  payment  of  Trade  Union 
rate  of  wages,  as  it  considers  it  outside  the  scope  of  the  order. 
The  question  of  opposing  the  company's  application  will  be  O0n« 
.sidered  at  a  future  meeting  of  the  Council. 


982 


THE    ELECTKICAL   REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,865,  Juke  13,  1913. 


Wakefield. — The  City  Council  last  week  decided  to  make 
application  to  the  L.G.B.  for  powers  to  borrow  £12,806  for  the 
porpcseB  of  txtensiong  to  the  electricity  undertaking.  Durinp  the 
last  two  years,  it  was  stated,  the  expansion  of  business  had  been 
srreater  than  during-  any  similar  period  in  the  life  of  the  nnder- 
takiner.  The  output  rose  from  U  million  units  in  1911.  to  2' 
millions  in  1912,  and  3^  millions  in  the  year  just  completed,  and  it 
was  expected  that  the  output  would  be  at  least  4  million  units  in 
the  current  year.  The  extensions  consist  of  new  generating  plant, 
additional  condensing  plant,  an  additional  boiler  and  the  provision 
of  a  high-tension  distributing  station  at  the  bottom  of  Kirkg-ate. 

Wallasey. — The  T.C.  has  adopted  the  recominendation 
of  the  Electrical  Commjttee,  referred  to  in  our  last  issue,  which 
proposes  to  construct  a  new  three-phase  power  station  at  a  cost  of 
£65,000.  near  the  Great  Float,  which  offers  facilities  for  obtaining 
both  coal  and  water.  The  present  generating  station  will 
ultimately  be  used  as  a  transforming  station  and  the  Diesel  engine 
set  will  be  retained  there  for  the  time  being. 

Walsall.— The  B.  of  T.  has  revoked  the  Midland  Elec- 
tric Power  Distribution  and  Lighting  (Extension)  Order.  19iil,  for 
the  Parish  of  Great  Barr.  in  the  Rural  District  of  Walsall. 

The  sanction  of  the  L.G.B.  has  been  received  to  the  borrowing  of 
£3,000  in  respect  of  prospective  expenditure  on  mains. 

WaiTinpton. — At  the  T.C.  meeting  last  week,  Alderman 
Smethwick  said  the  financial  result  of  the  working  of  the  electri- 
city department  during  the  past  year  was  very  satisfactory,  a 
profit  of  close  upon  £3,000  having  been  made.  There  had  been  a 
large  increase  in  the  consumption  of  energy  for  power  and  light- 
ing, despite  strikes  and  advanced  coal  prices. 

Watford.— At  the  last  meeting  of  the  U.D.C.  the 
Chairman  of  the  Electricity  Committee  said  that  during  the  past 
year,  though  the  charge  for  energy  hawl  been  reduced  id.  per  unit, 
which  represented  a  loss  of  £1,000,  the  profit  for  the  year  worked 
out  at  £1,110,  and  after  giving  £850  in  aid  of  the  rates,  they  had 
carried  forward  t;261  to  the  reserve  fund,  bringing  that  fund  up 
to  £1,533. 

Wijran. — The  T.C.  has  decided  to  apply  to  the  L.G.B. 
for  sanction  to  borrow  £i),700  for  the  purpose  of  meeting  the 
expenditure  estimated  to  be  necessary  for  the  installation  of  a  new 
turbine  and  accessories  at  the  electricity  works.  The  Council  was 
informed  by  the  Mayor  that,  at  the  present  time,  the  engines  were 
running  at  their  fullest  load,  and  in  view  of  the  large  consumers 
that  were  coming  on,  the  Corporation  had  to  make  provision  for 
an  increased  output. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Aberdeen. — The  revenue  on  the  Corporation  tramway 
system  for  the  past  year  amounted  to  £80,150,  an  advance  over  the 
previous  year  of  £2,970,  and  an  increase  in  three  years  of  £9,029. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C,  a  scheme  for  an  important  development 
of  the  system  was  adopted,  and  it  was  agreed  to  borrow  i:  50,000  to 
carry  it  out.  Application  will  be  made  to  Parliament  for  power  to 
extend  the  track  to  the  city  boundary  at  Craiginches  ;  to  use  rail- 
lees  trolley  cars  between  Castle  Street  and  York  Place,  and  between 
Schoolhill  and  ForresterhQl  Road  ;  and  to  use  motor-omnibuses 
within  and  outside  the  city.  It  was  also  agreed  that  power  be 
sought  to  apply  one-third  of  the  surplus  receipts  to  the  Common 
Good  fund  or  towards  the  reduction  of  rates. 

At  a  later  meeting  of  the  Tramways  Committee,  it  was  agreed  to 
extend  the  route  in  the  west  end  a  distance  of  1,263  yd.  at  a  cost  of 
£12,560.  The  Committee  also  recommended  that  the  tramway 
manager's  salary  be  increased  by  £50  to  £4.")0. 

Belfast. — The  amount  at  the  credit  of  the  tramway  net 
revenue  account  for  the  last  year  was  £28,801,  and  it  has  been 
agreed  to  apportion  this  as  follows  : — £13,000  to  the  depreciation 
fund,  and  £  15,801  to  the  general  purposes  fund  for  the  relief  of 
rates.  The  city  accountant  also  presented  the  accounts  of  the  elec- 
tricity undertaking. 

Birkenhead. — It   has    been   decided    to   add    to    the 

renewals  fund  of  the  tramway  department  the  whole  of  the  profits 
from  the  undertaking  for  the  year  ended  March  3l8t.  1913. 

Black  Country. — AVith  the  object  of  averting  a  strike 
the  directors  of  the  various  eleitric  traction  companies  operating  in 
this  district— including  the  South  Staffordshire  Tramways  (Lessee) 
Co.,  Ltd. :  Dudley.  Stourbridge  and  District  Electric  Traction  Co., 
Ltd. ;  Wolverhampton  District  Electric  Tramways.  Ltd.,  and  Bir- 
mingham and  District  Power  and  Traction  Co..  Ltd. — have  had 
posted  in  the  depots  of  the  companies  official  notices  authorising 
alterations  and  additions  to  be  made  to  the  terms  offered  to  the 
men  as  set  out  in  the  notices  of  May  15th  and  2l8t.  The  new  terms 
came  into  operation  on  Saturday  last. 

Barnley. — The  annual  report  of  the  Tramways  Com- 
mittee states  that  the  year  ended  March  31st  last  has  been  the 
most  successful  on  record  in  every  respect.  The  number  of  pas- 
sengers carried  was  15,9-19,359,  an  yicrease  of  1,481,128  on  the 
previous  year.  The  total  revenue  was  £79,890,  an  increase  of 
£7,181  ;  working  expenses  amounted  to  £49,430,  an  increase  of 
it3,975.  The  sum  of  £5,791  has  been  placed  to  the  reserve  fund, 
and  £8,750  ba»  been  allocated  to  the  borough  fund  out  of  the 
prefite. 


Croydon. — The  Tramways  Committee  has  under  con- 
sideration the  question  of  extending  the  tramways  from  Norwood 
to  Addiscombe. 

Dewsbury. — The  Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee 
has  decided  to  sanction  the  proposals  of  the  Dewsbury,  Ossett  and 
.Soothill  Xether  Tramways  Co.  for  the  extension  of  double  lines 
of  rails,  and  application  is  being  made  to  the  L.G.B.  for  sanction  to 
borrow  £1.0i"i  for  this  purpose. 

Dover. — Our  contemporary,  the  Kentish  Express,  draws 
the  attention  of  the  T.C.  to  what,  if  correctly  described,  must  be  a 
most  extraordinary  state  of  affairs  in  connection  with  the  local 
tramway  track.  Thus  we  gather  that  on  the  Folkestone  Road 
"  there  were  no  less  than  four  pieces  of  the  line  missing,  the  lengths 
varying  from  a  yard  to  a  foot."  A  further  reference,  this  time  to 
Snargate  Street,  states  that  "  three  pieces  of  rail  about  a  yard  long 
were  missing."  Is  it  possible  that  our  contemporary  viewed  the 
scene  in  the  pale  morning  light — when  repairs  are  sometimes 
carried  out .' 

Glasgow.  —  This  week  the  final  adjustment  of  the 
balance-sheet  in  connection  with  the  Glasgow  Corporation's 
tramway  department,  for  the  year  ending  May  31st.  was  submitted 
to,  and  approved  by,  the  Committee.  The  figures  showed  that  the 
surplus  over  the  year's  working  accounts  to  be  handed  over  to  the 
Common  Good — a  general  fund  which  holds  a  lien  upon  the  under- 
taking— was  £33,003,  as  compared  with  £52,067  for  the  preceding 
year,  and  £68,678  for  the  year  1910-11.  A  number  of  factors  con- 
tributed to  the  decreased  surplus.  These  included  the  following 
increases  in  expenditure : — Wages  of  motormen  and  conductors, 
£6,l',i0  ;  wages  of  cleaners,  £3,145  ;  local  rates,  £7,615  ;  mainten- 
ance of  track,  £17,207  ;  ^uel  for  Pinkston,  £2,826  ;  interest  on 
capital,  £6,681  ;  sinking  fund,  £3,214  ;  and  renewal  and  deprecia- 
tion, £2,053— a  total  of  £48,931.  On  the  revenue  side  the  ordi- 
nary receipts  showed  an  increase  of  £20,468,  and  the  interest  on 
investments  an  increase  of  £8,859 — a  total  increase  of  £29,327. 
Deducting  this  from  the  excess  of  expenditure,  the  balance  is  a  sum 
of  a  little  over  £19,000,  which  represents  a  shortage  in  the 
surplus  as  compared  with  the  surplus  of  the  preceding  year.  As 
already  reported  in  the  Review,  the  traflBc  receipts  exceeded 
£1,000,000  sterling  ;  they  amounted,  in  fact,  to  £1,007,6.".2,  a  cir- 
cumstance largely  attributable  to  the  working  of  the  extended  Jd. 
stage.  The  total  working  expenses  were  £619,346  ;  the  balance 
carried  to  net  revenue  account  was  £392,196  ;  this,  with  interest 
on  investments,  made  a  total  of  £450.827,  from  which  are  deducted 
rent  of  lines,  capital  charges,  renewals  and  deprecialion  (£215,756), 
leaving  the  net  surplus  mentioned  above. 

Hove. — In  connection  with  the  trolley  'bi'.i  q-jestion.  the 
General  Purposes  Committee  of  the  T.C,  afar  considering  a 
detailed  report  on  the  inspection  of  the  systems  of  railless  electric 
traction  established  in  Bradford  and  Leeds,  has  decided  that  as  the 
proposals  for  the  trolley  bus  system  through  Brighton  and  Hove 
were  made  in  reliance  upon  licences  being  granted  for  the  ufe  of 
double-deck  cars  ;  and  as  the  non-granting  of  such  licences  might 
seriously  affect  the  success  of  the  scheme,  it  is  of  opinion  that 
before  the  Hove  Corporation  expends  the  large  sum  required  for  the 
installation  of  the  trolley  'bus  system,  it  should  be  ascertained 
whether  such  licences  will  be  granted,  and  that,  if  not,  an 
opportunity  should  be  afforded  for  reconsideration  of  the  joint 
system  to  be  adopted  on  the  through  routes.  Also  that  it  would 
be  more  satisfactory  to  the  Hove  Council  if  the  original  proposal  of 
the  Brighton  Corporation  to  test  the  system  in  the  first  place  upon 
a  portion  of  the  route  only  were  carried  out. 

Kirkealdy. — The  returns  of  the  year's  working  of  the 
tramways  show  a  profit  of  £1,370,  as  compared  with  £1,351  for 
the  previous  year. 

Leeds. — Various  developments  are  contemplated  by  tie 
tramway  authorities.  The  Tramways  and  Electricity  Committof 
recently  recommended  an  application  for  powers  for  tramway 
railless  traction  extensions,  but  the  Parliamentary  CommittK 
decided  that  it  was  inexpedient  to  attempt  to  promote  a  Bill  il 
Parliament  in  the  next  session,  and  recommended  the  Tramwayi 
Committee  to  consider  only  extensions  for  which  powers  could  b( 
obtained  by  prov.  order.  This  will  limit  extensions  for  the  tiiBi 
being  to  within  the  city  boundary,  and  will  not  include  those  beyOBi 
that  limit  which  were  thrown  out  of  the  Bill  now  before  Parliament 
by  a  ratepayers'  meeting  last  January.  It  is  understood  tkfti 
25  new  cars  are  to  be  constructed  in  Leeds,  and  about  a  simflai 
number  are  to  be  purchased  elsewhere.  Halfpenny  fares  are  to  bi 
instituted  on  the  Headingley,  Chapeltown  and  Roundhay  routes— flw 
only  routes  which  have  not  .vet  tried  this  system  ;  the  expcri 
mental  trial  of  fare  collecting  on  the  platform  is  to  be  extendac 
throughout  the  system,  a  six  months'  trial  on  all  routes  being  gifV 
before  finall.v  adopting  this  arrangement. 

Liverpool. — The  Tramways  and  Electricity  CommitiBi 
has  been  instructed  by   the  City  Council  to  consider  the  praollB 
ability   of   utilising  the   tramway  pystem  for   the    conveyance  o| 
goods  to  neighouring  towns.     Mr.  P.  D.  Holt,  who   brought   th'j 
proposal  forward,  said   he  thought  that  at  least  the   experlmnl 
could  be   made   at  very    little   cost.     Sir  Charles  Petrie  did  aol 
oppose  the  motion,  but  pointed  out  that  some  few  years  ago  IhH 
Corporation    sought   the   co-operation  of   neighbouring  towns   fo 
dealing   with    goods  in  this  way.     The   unfortunate   p.'»rt  of  th 
business  was  that  Bootle  would  under  no  circumstances  allow  then 
to  draw  goods  traffic  through  the  streets,  and  without  the  outlet  ai 
the  north   end   they  could  not  go  on  w  ith   the   scheme,  and  th| 
matter  had  to  be  dropped  from  the  Parliamentary  Bill. 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,8,'.n,  Junk  i:t,  19i:t.l 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW 


988 


Shrflicld, — Acconlini,'  L(»  LIks  HtntcineiiL  of  accounts  the 
total  nxpemliture  of  tho  tramway  undertaking'  for  tho  yoar  enrlrd 
March  .'ilHt  laHt  nncliidinir  motor-'bnfoM")  amounted  to  f207,<iH(t, 
or  an  averaee  cost  per  car  mile  run  of  iil7d.,  compirod  with  fi'lld. 
in  the  prnviouR  year.  AirainRt  thiH  total  there  waH  an  income  from 
both  carH  and  'hu»eH  of  ii:i(i2,127,  Icavinir  a  (rrocH  profit  for  the  12 
months  of  C  1  .'i  l.:U):t.  After  proviilinir  for  variouH  charifOH,  intercHtn, 
ka.,  there  remainBa  balance  of  t  77,2;ni,  which  representaan  increoHO 
of  C  8,.'ifil  over  the  previous  year.  This  balance  is  to  bo  appropriated 
Bfi  follows  :  —  Street  improvements,  proportion  of  service  of  debt, 
.1!7,(>:U  ;  renewals  fund  (includiiiir  interest  on  investment  and  bank 
interest),  i::iii,]8(;  ;  special  purposes  fund,  £2,00(i  ;  accumulated 
surplus  fund,  C7,2II  :  transfer  to  ereneral  district  rate,  i;:in,2;5l. 
The  amount  to  be  transferred  to  tho  tramway  renewals  fund,  iic, 
is  to  be  increased  from  tliO.ooii  to  i;:i.5,n(iO  per  annum. 

South  Shields, — At  a  meeting?  of  the  T.C.,  on  the  Itli 

inst..  Aid.  Wylie  moved  the  adoption  of  the  annual  report  on  the 
tramways  for  the  past  12  months,  and  congratulated  the  Council 
on  the  success  that  had  attended  the  system.  The  Committee's 
8U(rerestion  was  that  X.^>00  should  be  paid  to  the  insurance  fund 
and  the  balance  should  po  to  the  depreciation  fund,  and  he  said 
that  it  was  essential  that  there  should  be  a  substantial  reserve  fund. 
Aid.  Redhead  moved  an  amendment  to  the  effect  that  £l,(iOO  of  the 
profits  should  iro  to  the  relief  of  the  rates.  Tie  pointed  out  that 
with  the  addition  of  the  £4,217  that  wonld  be  left,  the  reserve 
fund  would  amount  to  about  £20,000,  which  he  sugpested  was 
adequate.      The  amendment  was,  after  long  discussion,  carried. 

Torquay. — The  T.C.  has  instructed  the  borough  surveyoi' 
to  make  inquiries  of  certain  towns  were  cliff  lifts  are  installed,  and 
to  communicate  with  the  makers,  and  report  thereon.  This  has 
reference  to  the  proposed  cliff  railway  at  Babbacombe. 

Warrios:ton, — The  net  profit  on  the  working  of  the 
tramways,  for  the  year  ended  March  last,  is  t:3,32ii,  of  which 
£1,, 5(11 1  has  been  handed  over  towards  the  relief  of  the  rates. 

Wolverlianipton. — The  annual  report  of  the  Tramways 
Committee  for  the  year  ended  March  :ilst,  on  the  workingr  of 
the  Corporation  Tramways,  shows  there  has  been  a  gross  profit  for 
the  year  on  electric  traction  accountof  i;24.232.  To  this  sum  should  be 
added  the  balance  of  £30t)On  motorchar-a-bancaccount,  representine 
a  total  of  £24, .538,  which  has  been  disposed  of  in  the  following 
manner: — Interest  on  capital,  £6,964  ;  income-tax,  £100;  repay- 
ment of  loans,  t5,14ti.  To  the  renewals  account,  £3,809  ;  additions 
and  improvements,  £1,105.  On  account  of  extensions  at  car  depot, 
1913-14,  £.3,630  ;  borougfh  rate,  1913-14,  £3,777.  The  sum  of 
£50,220  now  stands  to  the  credit  of  the  reserve  and  renewals 
fund.  The  traffic  receipts  for  the  year,  the  Committee  states,  have 
been  hierhly  satisfactory,  and  constitute  a  record  in  the  history  of 
the  undertaking-.  The  eamings  have  averaged  over  £1,000  per 
week.  The  total  working  costs  per  car-mile  are  6'27d.,  or  an 
increase  of  'Ood.  per  car-mile  over  last  year's  figure.  Taking  into 
consideration  the  extra  cost  of  material,  as  well  as  the  concessions 
made  to  the  employes  during  the  year,  this  figure  is  considered 
quite  satisfactory.  With  reference  to  the  Fallings  Park  Motor 
Char-a-banc  Account,  the  Committee  considers  the  result  satis- 
factory. The  working  costs,  including  depreciation,  amount  to 
8'107d.  per  mile,  which  is  a  very  favourable  figure  for  operatinp 
motor  bus  services. 


Martha  will  communicato  wi*h  nhipH  Routh  of  the  Hfpublic.  The 
report  of  thn  Mini"tcr  of  Marine  Htaten  that  tho  n»v»l  wirolean 
tflicirraph  stutionH  have  worked  with  unfailinu'  r<volarity.  New 
Mantoni  stations  have  b«!<;n  purcha'wjd,  and  the  eood  rerolta 
obtained  justify  the  adoption  of  the  Marconi  ayHtem  in  the 
ISra/.ilian  .Navy. 

Cables    and    Trawlers. — An    int^jmatioiml    wnf^rcncfi 

has  be(!n  sitting'  in  London  since  Thurwlay  la«t  week,  to  conxider 
what  Ht<>ps  can  be  taken  to  protect  sabmarine  cableH  from  damage 
due  to  trawling. 

China. — Tlie  Ifepnblican  Oovcrnment  has  appointed  Mr. 
Nakayama  Ryuji,  an  engineer  attached  to  the  .lapaneMe  Department 
of  Communications,  as  Adviser  of  Telegraphs  and  Telephones  in 
the  Chinese  Department  of  Communicationp. 

Formosa. —  It  is  reported  that  the  l-'onnosan  Govern- 
ment ia  considering  the  question  of  laying  a  submarine  cal>Ie 
between  the  Island  of  Formosa  and  IIong-Kong. 

Imperial  Wireless  System. — On  Thursday  last  weeit, 

the  Select  Committee  on  the  ^larconi  Contrect  examined  Mr.  F.  S. 
Salaman,  trustee  of  the  estate  of  Mr.  C.  E.  Fenner.  a  stockbroker, 
who  appears  to  have  absconded.  His  evidence  showed  that  the 
Master  of  Elibank.  who  purchased  l.OuO  American  Marconi  shares 
from  Sir  Rufus  Isaacs,  also  purcha,scd  3,000  American  shares 
through  Mr.  Fenner — 2,500  on  April  18th  at  3',.  and  500  on  May 
14th,  1!)12,  at  2/b.  On  Monday  Mr.  Percy  Illingworth,  Chief 
Government  Whip,  stated  that  he  was  informed  on  May  31  at  that 
Lord  Murray  (the  Master  of  Elibank)  had  purchased  these  shares 
on  behalf  of  the  Liberal  Party,  while  as  Chief  Whip  he  had  sole 
control  of  the  funds,  but  the  shares  had  not  been  handed  over  to 
him.  His  name  was  associated  with  that  of  Lord  Murray  as 
co-trustee,  but  he  had  no  knowledge  of  the  purchase  until  the  end 
of  May.  The  chairman  stated  that  Lord  Murray  in  April,  in  answer 
to  a  telegram,  replied  that  he  could  not  return  before  July  to  give 
evidence  before  the  Committee,  owing  to  his  business  engagements. 
On  Tuesday,  Captain  Murray,  brother  of  Lord  Murray,  informed  the 
Committee  that  the  shares  were  left  in  his  possession  by  Lord 
Murray,  who  said  he  had  purchased  them  on  behalf  of  the  party, 
but  proposed  to  keep  them  until  the  Marconi  business  was  cleared 
up,  so  that  nobody  shonld  be  involved  but  himself.  The  Committee 
afterwards  proceeded  to  consider  the  interim  report. 

On  Wednesday  a  telegram  from  Lord  Murray  was  read,  stating 
that  he  had  had  no  dealings  in  Marconi  shares  other  than  those 
mentioned  above.  He  would  make  a  sworn  statement,  or  would 
return  at  once  if  the  Committee  desired  it. 

It  is  understood  that  the  Committee  on  Wednesday  rejected  the 
chairman's  draft  report,  and  adopted  a  report  declaring  that 
Ministerial  dealings  in  American  shares  did  not  concern  the 
Committee. 

Libel  Action. — The  result  of  the  action  brought  by  Mr. 
Godfrey  Isaacs  against  Mr.  C.  Chesterton  for  criminal  libel  was 
that  the  defendant  was  found  guilty  and  was  fined  £100  and  costs. 
In  passing  sentence  Mr.  Justice  Phillimore  commented  very  severely 
on  the  cruelty  of  the  charges,  which,  he  said,  were  largely  due  to 
ignorance  and  prejudice  on  the  part  of  the  defendant. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


A  Bedstead  Antenna, — Mr.  A.  A.  Campbell-Swinton, 

who  recently  discovered  that  various  metal  fittings  in  his  house 
gave  out  telephonic  vibrations,  has  continued  his  domestic  investi- 
gations, and  writes  to  .Xatvre  of  June  5th  to  say  that  he  finds  that 
an  iron  bedstead  with  wire  mattress  on  the  top  (fourth)  floor  of  the 
house  answers  quite  well  as  an  antenna  for  the  receipt  of  wireless 
signals.  It  is  only  necessary  to  connect  the  receiving  apparatus, 
which  includes  a  Brown  relay,  between  the  bedstead  and  the  water- 
pipe  to  receive  the  Admiralty  signals  loudly,  and  others  from 
various  unidentified  stations  faintly  but  quite  audibly.  He  finds, 
also,  that  with  the  bedstead  antenna  it  is  possible  to  get  the  time 
aignals  from  the  Eiffel  Tower.  The  signals  are  not  very  lond,  but 
are  sufficiently  audible  to  be  recognised  and  read  easily. 

For  a  portable  station  we  suggest  that  it  may  yet  be  possible  to 
use  an  umbrella,  connected  to  the  nails  in  one's  boots,  thus 
approaching  a  step  nearer  to  the  vest-pocket  apparatus  fore- 
shadowed, we  believe,  by  Prof,  Ayrton. 

Australia, — Recent  tests  in  IMelbourne  show  that  out  of 
338  calls  from  subscribers'  premises,  80  per  cent,  were  answered 
within  10  seconds  ;  only  17  took  over  half  a  minute.  Apparently, 
therefore,  a  marked  improvement  in  the  service  has  been  effected. 

Tenders  involving  an  expenditure  of  £90,172  have  been  accepted 
by  the  Minister  of  Home  Affairs  for  material  to  be  used  in  the 
construction  of  a  telegraph  line  along  the  route  of  the  Kalgoorlie 
to  Port  Augusta  Railway.  The  greater  portion  of  the  amount  is 
for  the  purchase  of  tubular  iron  poles  and  copper  wire. 

Brazil.  —Government  wireless  stations  are  to  be  erected 
at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Bauru  and  Porto  Murtinho,  by  Marconi's  Wire- 
leas  Telegraph  Co. 

These  stations  will  enable  communication  to  be  established  with 
the  base  of  the  Matto  Grosso  Squadron,     Another  station  at  Santi^ 


OPEN. 


Australia. — Victoria. — June  :-^4th.     H.D.  copper  wire, 

telephone  parts  and  telephones,  for  the  P.M.G.  See  "OflBcial 
Notices  "  May  23rd. 

July  1st.  Telephone  instruments  and  submarine  cable,  for  the 
P.M.G.     See  ''  Official  Notices  "  May  23rd. 

July  8th.  —  Common  -  battery  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.'s 
Department.    See  '"Official  Notices  "  June  6th. 

July  8th. — Rubber-covered  wire,  batteries,  telephone  switch- 
boards, measuring  instruments  and  telephone  instruments,  for  the 
P.M.G.     See  '  Official  Notices  "  May  30th. 

July  22nd.~Telephone  material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department. 
See  '■  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  29th.  —  Detectors,  for  the  P.SI.G.'s  Department.  See 
'■  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

August  4th.  (r/)  Twin  surface  condensers,  hotwells,  piping  and 
sundries;  (//)  air  and  water  extraction  pumps  and  motors:  (r) 
circulating  water  and  sump  pumps,  with  motors,  for  the 
Melbourne  Suburban  Railways  power  house.  See  "  Official  Notices  " 
to-day. 

Queensland. — August  27th.  Five  sections  of  common- battery 
multiple  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

September  10th, — Nine  sections  of  trunk  line  switchboard,  for 
the  P.M.G.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Western  Australia.— July  30th  and  August  6th.  Telegraph 
and  telephone  material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

July  23rd.  —  Telegraph  and  telephone  instruments,  for  the 
P.M.G.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  23rd. — Telephone  switchboards  and  parts,  for  the  P.M.G. 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  30th.— Cable,  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.  See  "  Official 
Notices"  to-day. 


084 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.        LVoi. 72.  no.  1,8,5,  june  13, 


191S. 


South  Australia. — July  16th.  Telegraph  and  telephone 
material,  for  the  P.M.G.'b  Department.  See  "  OflScial  Notices  " 
to-day. 

New  South  Wales. — July  9th.  Switohboarde,  for  the  P.M.G. 
See  "  Official  Notices"  May  30th. 

Belg;inra. — June  18th.  The  municipal  authorities  of 
Li^fre  are  invitinp  tenders  for  a  large  quantity  of  armoured  cables 
required  in  connection  with  the  electric  lighting  undertaking  in 
the  city.  Particulars  can  be  obtained  from  the  Bureau  des 
Adjudications  (Annexe  de  I'Hotel  de  Ville),  Liege. 

The  Belgian  Telegraph  authorities  in  Brussels  have  just  issued  a 
notice  to  the  effect  that  early  in  August  next  they  will  be  inviting 
tenders  for  the  supply  and  laying  of  underground  cables  between 
Brussels  and  Antwerp,  and  between  Ane  and  Verviers.  Those 
interested  in  the  matter  are  invited  to  at  once  commence  their 
Inquiries  as  to  the  requirements,  particulars  of  which  may  be 
obtained  from  the  2me.  Direction  Technique  des  Telegraphes,  Hotel 
Centrale  des  Postes  et  des  Telegraphes  (ler  Etage,  Local  No.  32), 
Place  de  la  Monnaie,  Brussels. 

Carlisle. — June  2.'}rd.  («)  Extensions  to  coal  storage 
»nd  conveying  plant ;  (J)  extensions  to  8t«am  and  water  piping,  for 
the  City  Electricity  Department.  F.  W.  Parse,  City  Electrical 
Engineer,  Victoria  N'iaduct. 

Eccles. — June  16th.  Electricity  Supply  Committee. 
Coal  and  coke  for  1 2  months.  Borough  Electrical  Engineer,  Cawdor 
Street,  Patricroft. 

Elian d. — July  2nd.  Street  lighting  lanterns,  for  the 
tU.C.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

France.  —  The  municipal  authorities  of  Foix,  in  the 
Pyrenees,  are  about  to  invite  tenders  for  the  concession  for  the 
supply  of  electrical  energy  for  lighting  and  power  purposes  in  the 
town. 

Paris.— June  l(ith.  The  Administration  des  Chemins  de  Per  de 
I'Etat  are  prepared  to  receive  tenders  for  two  batteries  of  electric 
accumulators  for  the  Garenne-Bezons  lighting  and  power  sub- 
station. Particulars  from  the  Bureaux  du  Service  Electrique, 
Ire  Division,  43,  Rue  de  Rome,  Paris. 

June  20th.  Tenders  are  invited  by  the  State  Railway  Administra- 
tion for  electric  machinery  equipment  of  the  Meudon-Val  Fleury 
traction  sub-station.  Particulars  from  the  Bureaux  du  Service 
Electrique,  2me  Division,  43,  Rue  de  Rome,  Paris. 

Versailles. — Shortly.  The  Conseil  General  de  Seine-et-Oiee 
have  decided  to  call  for  tenders  for  a  concession  for  the  establish- 
ment and  working  of  a  line  of  electric  tramways  from  the  station 
at  Enghien  to  Ermont-Eaubonne,  passing  through  Soisy,  Audilly, 
Margency,  Montlignon  and  Eaubonne.  Particulars  from  and 
tenders  to  M.  Monet,  ingenieur  en  chef  des  Ponts  et  Chaus^es, 
2  bis,  Rue  Colbert,  Versailles. 

Germany.  —  Brk.mkx.  —  The    plans    drawn    up    for 

increasing  the  accommodation  at  the  port  of  Bremen  contemplate 
the  outlay  of  £260,000,  part  of  which  is  allotted  for  electric  grain 
loading  and  unloading  appliances,  electric  cranes,  and  the  erection 
of  a  power  house.  Particulars  from  the  Deputation  flir  Hiifen  und 
Eisenbahnen,  Bremen. 

Leyton. — June  24th.  Electric  lighting  and  hot-water 
heating  for  the  new  Church  Road  Schools,  for  the  U.D.C.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Limerick. — July  .'ird.  Switchboard  and  gallery,  battery, 
motor-driven  booster,  balancer,  &c.,  for  the  County  Borough 
Council.    See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

London. —  L-CC. —  June  24th.  One  50-ton  overhead 
travelling  crane  for  Greenwich  generating  station.  See  "Official 
Notices"  June  <ith. 

June  25th. — Electrical  installation  at  Randall  Place  Elementary 
School,  Greenwich,  S.E.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  June  6th. 

July  2nd. — Electrical  installation  at  the  Caldecot  Road  Elementary 
School,  Denmark  Hill,  Camberwell  (192  lighting  points).  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

The  Fire  Brigade  Committee  is  inviting  tenders  from  selected 
Arms  for  a  motor-generator  and  switchboard  for  electric  charging 
apparatus  for  use  at  the  new  Hammersmith  fire  station. 

Ha.mmersmith. — June  18th.  Air-cooled  static  transformers,  for 
the  Borough  Council.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  June  6th, 

Stepnet. — The  Electricity  Committee  invites  tenders  for  two 
E.H.T.  converting  plants  suitable  for  6, 000- volt  three-phase  A.c.  to 
L.T.,  D.C.,  for  Limehouse  and  'Whitechapel  stations.  See  "Official 
Notices'  to-day. 

June  30th.  Arc  lamp  carbons,  for  a  year,  for  the  Borough 
Counoil.    See  '  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Newcastle-under-Lyme.  —  June    2l8t.      Supply   and 

laying  of  cables,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "Official  Notices" 
June  6th. 


Rochdale. — Cable. 

Works,  Dane  Street. 


Mr.   C.   C.   Atchison,   Electricity 


Ilotherhani. — Annual  supply  of  coal  to  the  Electricity 
Department  ;  also  stores  for  the  Tramway  Department. 

Salford. — June  23rd.  4,000  steel  tie-bars,  for  the  Tram- 
ways Committee.    General  Manager,  32,  Blackfriars  Street. 

Servia.  —  Belgbade. — Tenders  are  required  for  the 
supply  of  telephone  apparatus  and  instruments — 226  wall  tele- 
phones a  batterie  commune,  200  portable  and  200  table  telephones. 

Soatb  Africa. — Cape  Towx. — July  4th.  High-tension 
switchgear,  feeder  pillars  and  three-phase  transformers,  for  the 
Corporation.  Particulars  from  the  City  Electrical  Engineer  on 
payment  of  deposit  of  £1  Is.  per  section  (three  sections). 

Southampton. — June  19th.  Electric  lighting  of  the 
old  pavilions  at  the  Infirmary,  Shirley  Warren.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  May  30th. 

Spain.  —  The  municipal  authorities,  of  Aldearaayor 
(province  of  Valladolid)  have  just  invited  tenders  for  the  concession 
for  the  electric  lighting  of  the  town  during  a  period  of  four  years. 

Madrid.— July  7th.  The  Minister  of  the  Marine  has  been 
authorised  to  acquire,  by  way  of  public  tender,  from  foreign  manu- 
facturers, two  wireless  stations  of  great  range  for  installation  on 
board  the  craisers  Entramadura  and  llio  de  hi  Plata  ;  also  of  two 
others  for  erection  in  the  naval  school. 

Sweden. — June  16th.  Tenders  are  invited  by  the 
Swedish  State  Railways  Administration  for  the  supply  of  (1) 
20(;,700  arc  lamp  carbons,  and  (2)  44.100  electric  incandescent 
lamps.  Tenders,  marked  "  Anbud  a  baglampskol  "  in  the  case  of 
(1)  and  "  Anbud  a  glodlampor"  in  the  case  of  (2),  to  "  Kungliga 
Jiirnvagsstyrelsens  Forradsbyra,"  Stockholm,  whence  copies  of  the 
specifications  and  forms  of  tender  may  be  obtained.  Copies  of  the 
specifications  and  forms  of  tender  (in  Swedish)  may  be  seen  by 
manufacturers  in  the  United  Kingdom  at  the  Commercial  Intelli- 
gence Branch  of  the  B.  of  T. 

Swindon. — June  23rd.  Cooling  tower,  water  softening 
plant  and  flanged  cast-iron  piping,  for  the  Electricity  Department. 
See  "Official  Notices"  June  6th. 

Torquay. — The  Electrical  Engineer  has  been  instructed 
to  prepare  a  specification  for  illuminating  the  Pavilion  and  Gardens, 
and  to  invite  local  tenders  for  carrying  out  the  work. 

West  Hartlepool. — June  14th.  Two  300-KW.  rotary 
converters,  complete  with  transformers,  switchgear,  &c.,  for  the 
Corporation.    See  "Official  Notices"  May  30th, 


CLOSED. 


Newport  (Mon.).— July  let. 

I.e.     Borough  Engineer  Town  Hall. 


Refuse  destructor  for  the 


Ays^arth. — The  B.  of  G.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  Burton,  of  Askrigg,  for  installing  the  electric  light  at  the 
Workhouse. 

Belgium.  —  Eight    concerns — two    Belgian    and     six 

German— submitted  tenders  last  week  to  the  municipal  authorities 
of  Sohaerbeek  for  the  establishment  of  a  low-tension  network  in 
connection  with  the  municipal  electricity  supply  undertaking.  The 
lowest  offer  was  that  of  the  Society  des  Ateliers  de  Constractiona 
Electriques,  of  Charleroi. 

Bolton. — The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  the  Electrical  Apparatus  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  the  supply  of  3  and 
5-amp.  direct-current  meters. 

Bradford. — Messrs.  Roberts  &  Co.,  l-td.,  whose  tender 
had  been  recommended  for  acceptance  for  steelwork  for  workshop 
extensions  at  Thornbury  tramway  depot,  withdrew  their  tender, 
owing  to  an  alleged  clerical  error  therein,  and  the  Tramways  Com- 
mittee has  decided  to  accept  in  lieu  thereof,  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Henry  Barrett  k  Sons  for  the  execution  of  the  work,  at  £1,230. 

The  tender  of  Messrs.  Beecroft  tV  Wightman,  Ltd.,  has  been 
accepted,  at  £265,  for  a  supply  of  hardwood  paving  blocks  to  the 
Tramways  Department  ;  also  that  of  Messrs.  John  Brown  and  - 
Co.,  Ltd.,  at  £350,  for  200  steel  tramcar  tires  ;  that  of  Messrs. 
Collier  Bros.,  at  £408,  for  4  miles  of  0000  grooved  copper  trolley 
wire. 

The  following  tenders  for  electric  lighting  at  schools  have  been  j 
accepted  by  the  Education  Authority  : — 

Belle  Vue  Boys"  Secondary  School.— R.  Crust,  £222. 
Deat  and  Cripple  School.— R.  Crust,  £208. 

The  Corporation  Libraries  and  Arts  Committee  has  acoepted  th« 
tender  of  Messrs.  A.  Bidgway  4:  Co.  for  the  installation  of  eleotria 
light  at  Manchester  Road  Branch  Library,  for  £67,  and  at  Girlinff- 
ton  Branch  Library,  for  £65, 

Burton-upon-Trent. — The  Gas  and  Electricity  Com^ 

mittee  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Salisbury  &  Wood  for ' 
upplying  1,000  tons  of  fine  slack  to  the  electricity  works, 

(ri'»/'ni>,r,l   ,<n    pnof   989) 


Vol.  71".     No.  I,8:.r,  Junk   i:;,   I!)i:;.l  TTT  K      FA  J^XTlilO/h      VKYfFjYi . 


1.-H5 


NEW  DIESEL   PLANT  AT   KINGSTON-ON-THAMES. 


Ai/i'iiol'dii  tlie  oHiciiil  proi,'riiiiiiiu!  of  tlu;  Mniiici[jii 
I'llocbrical  Convention  iiiiikcs  no  luoiititm  of  tlic  new  Diesel 
f,'on('nitin<^  plant 
whicli  is  just  beinf^ 
coMiplctod  lit  the 
K  i  n  j^  8  t  o  n  -  o  u  - 
Thames  Hlectricity 
Works,  yet  wo  do 
not  doubt  that 
lunongst  the  numer- 
ous visitors  to  the 
riverside  borou<,'h 
on  Thursday  next, 
many  will  take  the 
opportunity  cf  in- 
specting this  plant, 
which  is  practically 
the  first  of  its  kind 
to  be  installed  in  this 
country,  being  of 
the  horizontal  type. 
Two  Diesel- 
engine  units  have 
been  installed,  one 
being  of  the  four- 
cycle and  the  other 
of  the  two-cycle 
type;  each  is 
coupled  to  a  270- 
KW.  Siemens  alter- 
nator of  the  fly- 
wheel type,  the  con- 
tract for  the  com- 
plete plant  having  been  entrusted  to  the  ^Maschinenfabrik 
Augsburg-Niirnberg  A.O.,  whose  reputation  for  Diesel 
engines  is  of  the  highest. 


HoRiziiNTAL  4CYCLE,  4-Cylikder  Diesel  Esgise,  Kixgston-on-Thames ; 
Compressor  End. 


house.     Mr.  .1.  ]•].  EJgcomfi,  the  borough  electrical  eni^inccr, 
tlierefore  dceidi"!  to  have  oi:c  four-cycle  set  with  the  lowest 

poHHilde  fuel  con- 
sumption U)  take 
the  wliole  load  of 
the  station  for  an 
average  of  1 0  hoars 
a  day,  and  t)  shat 
down  the  boiiers 
entirely  during  such 
hours. 

Further,  in  order 
to  obviate  the  risk 
of  stoppage,  it  was 
decided  to  l)e  less 
costly  to  install 
another  Diesel  set 
rather  than  to  keep 
the  necessary  boilers 
banked  during  the 
day.  This  second 
set,  in  addition  to 
its  stand-by  duties, 
will  assist  the  steam 
plant  on  peak  loads, 
and  the  less  costly, 
though  slightly  less 
efficient,  two-cycle 
engine  was  selected 
as  the  best  for  the 
purpose. 

The  views  on  this 

page  are  of  the  four- 

(7linder  four-cycle  engine,  rated  at  400  k.h.p.,  with  a  speed  of 

192  R.P.M.    The  alternator,  to  generate  2,100  volts,  77  cycles, 

single-phase  current,  is  placed  between  the  pairs  of  cylinders  ; 


HoHizoNTAL  4-Cycle,  4-Cyli.\dek  Diesel  Engine,  .showing  Cylinder  Heads,  Valve  Geah.  a:c.,  Kingmun-on-Thames 

Electricity  Works. 

When  the  engines  were  ordered  it  was  the  intention  to        a  110-volt  exciter  is  mounted  on  one  extremity  of  the  crank- 
decrease  both  fuel  costs  and  wages  and  repairs  in  the  boiler        shaft  and  a  direct-driven  air  compressor  on  the  other. 

a 


986 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,8"..-),  June  i:!,  I9i:f, 


■\ 


The  engine  is  all  euciosed.  and  one  governor  controls  the 
oil  pumps  for  all  the  cylinders  ;  the  fuel  injection  valves  are 
situated  behind  the  cylinder  heads,  the  air  inlet  valves  on 
the  top,  and  the  exhaust  vahes  underneath. 

The  air  for  com- 
bustion purposes  i.s 
drawn  through  pipes 
from  the  crank 
chambers,  entering 
the  covers  through 
small  inspection 
doors.  This  ar- 
rangement not  only 
provides  for  cooling 
the  crank  chambers 
themselves,  but  it 
also  sucks  into  the 
cylinders  oily  futn'^s 
which  would  other- 
wise escape  into  the 
engine-room,  and, 
moreover,  is  very 
silent  in  opera- 
tion. 

The  valves  and 
oil  pumps  are 
worked  by  small 
eccentrics  on  a  lay 
shaft  worm  geared 
to  the  crankshaft. 

The  two-cycle 
two-cylinder  engine, 
a'so  rated  normally 
at  400  Ji.H.i'.,  has  a  .«peed  of  1C)5  r.p.m.  ;  both  alternator 
and  exciter  are  mounted  on  one  side,  while  at  the  other  end 
of  the  crankshaft  are  a  direct-driven  compressor  and 
scavenging  pump  facing  each  other  on  opposite  sides 
of      the      shaft.       in     this      engine      the      pistons     are 


HiJlilZONTAL   2-C'Vl'LE.    2-CvLIXDEK   DiESKL   ENGINE  SkT.    KINGSTONoN-THAMES 

Electricity  Works. 


cooler,  the  cylinder  jackets  of  the  air  compressors,  the  working 
cylinder  jackets  and  cylinder  heads  in  both  engines,  back  to 
the  river.  For  the  piston  cooling  of  the  two-cycle  set, 
however,     small     electrically-driven    plunger     pumps    are 

installed  to  force 
the  water  through 
the  pistons.  Dupli- 
cate pumps  are 
installed  in  each 
case,  but  only  one 
is  normally  in  use. 
Both  the  com- 
pressors are  pro- 
vided with  inter- 
coolers  between  u. 
and  I,. I',  stages  ; 
t  w  o  starting  and 
two  injection  bottles 
are  provided  which 
are  cross-connected 
to  both  engines. 

A  central  lubri- 
cating and  o  i  1  - 
filtering  plant  is 
provided,  and  both 
gravity  and  forced 
lubrication  are 
adopted  in  the 
engines. 

Two  60-ton  fuel 
storage  tanks  ha\-e 
been  installed  in 
the  boiler  house, 
and  these  will  be  filled  from  tank  barges  in  the  Thames, 
200  yards  distant,  by  electrically-driven  pumps,  and 
will  contain  sufficient  fuel  to  provide  for  average  day  and 
night  load  running  of  the  4-cycle  engine  for  20  weeks.  From 
these  tanks  a  small  electrically-driven  pump  (with  a  stand-by 


Genekal  View  showing  the  New  Diesel  Plant  at  Kingston-on-Thames. 


water  cooled.  The  cooling  water  system  is  of  interest ; 
river  water  is  pumped,  by  means  of  small  motor-driven 
centrifugal  pumps,  into  an  overhead  .j.OOO-gallon  tank,  and 
from  this  flows  by  gravity  through  the  compressed  air  inter- 


hand  pump)  lifts  the  fuel  oil  into  a  .service  tank,  which  is  sub- 
divided to  serve  for  both  tar  oil  and  crude  oil  residues,  which 
latter  is  the  so-called  ignition  oil  when  working  with  tar  oil. 
From  the  service  tank  the  fuel  gravitates  through  filters  to 


Vol.72.    No,  l.H...-.,  Junk  1:;,  1913.1 


TIIK.    KLECTKICAL    JiEVIKW. 


fiH7 


the  iimiu  fuel  pumps,  and  smaller  "  ignition "  oil  pumps, 
which  are  provided  to  each  cylinder,  the  foiinor  beiiij^ 
fjovenior  (^oiitiolied.  'I'lii!  ^'iiunuitciHl  fiKil  <;()iiHiitii])ti()n  of 
the  l-cycle  eiif^iiie  on  normal  loud  in  M  lb.  j)er  ii.ii.i'.diour, 
and  of  the  :.'-cyclc  (siij^nne  about  Id  per  c(!nt.  more. 

In  view  of  the  hi{(h  price  of  ordinary  oil  fuel,  Mr. 
Edgcome  proposes  to  use  water-}>;a3  tar  as  u  fuel,  its 
cost  being  considerably 
less,  and  the  engines 
being  adapted  for  using 
either  water-gas  tar  or 
coal  tar  oil  in  place  of 
the  normal  oil  fuel. 

The  two-cycle 
engine  has  a  consider- 
able overload  capacity, 
equivalent  to  2.'> 
per  cent,  for  two 
hours. 

As  the  horizontal 
Diesel  engine  will,  no 
doubt,  be  viewed  with 
critical  eyes  in  this 
country,  it  may  be 
worth  while  to  point 
out  its  good  features. 
These  are  mainly  con- 
cerned with  accessi- 
bility. It  is  possible 
to  withdraw  the  piston 
from  the  crank  end  and 
without  interfering 
with  the  cylinder  liead, 
which,  necessary  in 
the  case  of  the  vertical 
engine,  means  disturbing  all  the  pipe  connections.  The 
whole  of  the  valves  are  within  easy  reach,  and  more  likely 
to  receive  regular  supervision,  and  dismantling  is  a  somewhat 
easier  operation. 

The  cylinder  heads  are  fitted  underneath  with  blow-off 
valves  which  are  opened  every  time  the  engine  stops,  allow- 


THE    CHELSEA    RAILWAY    POWER 
STATION. 


TifK  (y'lielsea  jjower  station  of  the  London  Underground 
Railways  system,  at  Lot's  Koad,  which  will  be  visited  by  the 
Municipal  Electrical  .\s80ciation  during  the  forthcoming  Con- 


5,500  — 6,0o0-K\v.  Pahsoxs-Westinghodse  Turbine  Set  at  the  Chelsea  Power  Station  of 
THE  London  Undehground  Railways. 


vention,  has  long  been  a  feature  of  electrical  London,  its  size, 
constructional  features,  and  the  services  which  it  is  called  on 
to  render  being  matters  of  considerable  interest  to  the  engi- 
neering fraternity.  The  plant,  which  was  very  fully 
described  and  illustrated  in  our  columns  when  first  opened,' 
supplies  three-phase  current  at  11,000  volts,  33.5  cycles,  for 

transmission  to  rotary 
sub-stations  on  the 
routes  of  the  Metro- 
politan District,  with 
its  connecting  lines  to 
Barking  and  rit'i  the 
recently  -  electrified 
East  London  Railway 
to  Xew  Cross,  the 
Piccadilly,  Bakerloo, 
and  Charing  Cross- 
Hampstead  tubes,  and 
the  Kiagston-Wimble- 
don  sections  of  the 
London  United  Tram- 
ways. The  accom- 
panying views  give  a 
good  idea  of  the 
modern  Parsons- 
Westinghouse  turbo- 
alternator  plant  in- 
stalled in  this  station, 
the  eight  sets  each 
having  a  normal  rating 
of  5,r)00-i'.,000  Kw. 

These  turbines  ex- 
haust into  vertical  con- 
densers situated  in  a 
deep  central  pit  run- 
ning the  length  of 
the  engine  room  be- 
tween the  lines  of 
turbines  :  the  circulating  water  is  drawn  in  through  strainers 
and  6(;-in.  pipes  from  the  river  Thames. 

Each  turbine  consists  of  separate  high  and  low-pressure 
sections,  coupled  through  a  steam  chest  below  floor  level. 
Solid  forged  steel  h.p.  rotors  and  built-up  \..v.  rotors  are 

*  See  Elecirical  Review,  June  9th  and  ItUh,  1905. 


General  View  of  the  Engine  Room,  Chelsea  Railway  Power  Station. 


ing  the  deposit  and  grit  to  be  blown  into  the  exhaust  piping, 
and  incidentally  enabling  the  pistons  to  be  kept  at  work  a 
much  longer  period  than  when  this  cannot  be  done.  The 
makers  claim  a  good  many  other  advantages  in  addition 
to  the  above. 

In   conclusion,    we   are    indebted   to    ilr.    Edgcome  for 
facilitating  the  preparation  of  this  short  description. 


9!- 8 


THE    ELECTMCAL    REVTEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  l,8.-..5,  Ju>E  l:!,   1913. 


fitted,  while  eadi  section  has  its  own  thrust-block  adjust- 
ment allowing:  of  tiner  clearances  being  used  in  the  ii.r. 
sections. 

Steam  at   1^5  lb.  pressare,  superheated  150%  is  admitted 
through  a  Ferranti-Hopkinson   valve  at  the  high-pressure 


the  end  of  the  building,  has  led  some  people  not  unmindful 

of  the  American  features  of  the  plant,  to  liken  the  station  to 

a  srigantic  teddy  bear  upside  down. 

The  ii.T.  switchgear,  as  shown  in  our  view,  is  arranged  on 

three  galleries  running  along  one  side  of  the  spacious  engine 
house,  while  the  auxiliary  switchgear  is 
installed  on  galleries  at  one  end  of  the 
buildiiiir.  This  was  all  supplied  by  the 
15.T.H.  Co. 

.\  feature  of  the  station  is  the  oil- 
cooling  plant  for  a  total  capacity  of 
20.000  gallons :  the  station  output 
amounts  to  about  l.'.O  million  units  per 
annum. 


NEW    TURBINE    PLANT    AT 
POPLAR. 


The  Chelsfa  (Lfn's  R(i.\d)  Railway  Power  Station. 


end.  into  a  steam  chest  which  carries  an  emergency  stop 
valve — automatically  controlled  by  an  auxiliary  governor — 
the  main  governor-controlled  stop  valve  and  an  automatic 
by-pass  valve,  spring  controlled,  which  admits  live  steam  to 
a  second  group  of  Mades  on  the  h.p.  rotor,  and  thus  enables 
the  turbine  to  (juickly 
follow  sudden  changes 
of  load,  such  as  may 
occur  in  a  plant  of  this 
kind. 

The  turbines  were, 
of  course,  built  to  suit 
existing  foundations 
and  to  drive  existing 
alternators  (speed 
1,000  iM'.M.,  efficiency 
95  per  cent.)  and  the 
steam  consumption  is 
14  lb.  per  Kw.-hour, 
with  a  2^!-in.  vacuum. 
The  normal  rating,  as 
already  mentioned,  of 
the  machines  is  5,500- 
6,000  Kw.,  but  we 
gather  that  they 
periodically  work  up 
to  !»,U00  KW.  or  more. 

According  to  re- 
port, it  is  intended 
to  install  a  15,000-kw. 
turbine  unit  at  no  dis- 
tant date. 

This  turbine  plant 
is  supplied  with  steam 
by  64  Babcock  boilers, 
arranged  on  two  floors 
and  equipped  with 
economisers,  chain- 
grate  stokers,  super- 
heaters, iV.c.  A  very 
complete  coaling  plant 
is  installed  for  filling 

the  bunkers,  of  15,(»0(i-ton8  capacity,  from  a  barge  basin 
on  the  river  side,  the  coal  being  mostly  water  borne. 

The  chimneys,  four  in  number,  11)  ft.  diameter  internally 
and  275  ft.  high,  are  familiar  landmarks  for  miles  round — 
indeed,  their  symmetrica!  arrangement  on  the  boiler  house, 
two  and  two,  together  with  the  projecting  conveyor  trunk  at 


On  Friday  last  we  were  privileged  spec- 
tators at  the  otticial  inauguration  of 
tlie  extensions  recently  carried  out  at 
the  Poplar  Borough  Council's  generating 
station  at  Bow.  Prior  to  the  actual 
s(:arting  up  of  the  machinery,  the 
assembled  guests  were  welcomed  outside 
by  Councillor  H.  R.  Barge,  chairman 
of  the  Electricity  Committee  :  Mr. 
Horace  Bowden.  the  borough  electrical 
engineer,  briefly  described  the  features 
of  interest  of  the  new  plant,  while  the  Mayor  (Councillor 
Aldrick),  Aid.  Bussey,  and  several  others  also  spoke. 

Though  the  showery  weather  somewhat  damped  the 
municipal  eloquence  wliich  one  naturally  associates  with  an 
occasion  of  this  sort,  the  new  turbine  sets  subsequently  got 


.3,000kw.  Willass  G.EC.  TtiiBiNE  Sets  Lnstalled  at  the  Poplar  Elect  Riciti  Works  E.xtension. 

to  work  in  a  most  busicesslike  manner,  and  the  visitors  were 
then  free  to  explore  the  works. 

The  Borough  Council's  electricity  undertaking  was  origi- 
nally started  in  \x'.)'.),  Mr.  A.  S.  Blackmail  being  retponeiblfr 
for  the  scheme,  which  was  for  direct-current  supply  ;  its 
limitations    led  in   l!)04-5   to    the    introduction   of   three- 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,8^r),  Junk  i:t,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIi^W. 


W.i 


plmse  alleniating-current  Hiipply  of  (1,000  volu  pi'cssure,  in 
connection  with  snb-stutions  which  were  OHtiihhHhcd  in  the 
IbIo  of  l)o{^8  luul  near  Victoria  Park,  and  whicli  contain 
motor-convertin;,'  plant  for  the  sn|)ply  of  direct-current 
at  4(U)  volts.  The  last  extensions  which  have  now  l)cen 
broiijiiit  into  use  add  some  (J.OOO  kw.  of  three-phase  plant 
to  the  Council's  resources,  and  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the 
output  hist  year  rose  to  12,000.000  units,  from  D.riOO.OOO 
units  in  the  previous  year,  it  will  be  seen  that  tiiis  plant  is  a 
very  necessary  addition.  Briefly,  larjjjc  additions  have  been 
made  to  the  boiler  and  enfjine  houses,  the  area  occupied 
being  some  S,000  s(i.  ft.  'I'he  new  boiler  house  is  designed 
to  accommodate  four  large  boilers,  of  which  two  have  been 
installed,  together  with  a  40()-ton  coal  bunker,  ash  hoppers, 
conveying  i)lant,  feed  pumps,  &c. 

The  boilers  are  of  the  Habcock  marine  type,  each 
normally  rated  at  .8(1,000  lb.  per  hour  evaporative  capacity, 
with  a  maximum  of  41,500  lb.  ;  each  has  a  heating  surface 
of  (1,295  sq.  ft.,  and  an  integral  superheater  of  1,108  sq.  ft. 
One  is  fitted  with  two  underfeed  stokers  giving  154  sq.  ft. 
grate  area,  an  air  heater  in  the  uptake  to  the  steel  chimney 
and  a  fan  for  driving  the  air  through  the  furnaces ;  the  other 
boiler  has  two  modern  Babcock  chain  grates,  giving  224  sq.  ft. 
grate  area,  and  a  Babcock  feed-water  heater  below  the  chimney, 
which  is  equipped  with  the  Prat  induced  draught.  Both 
chimneys  stand  91  ft.  high  above  firing  level.  The  boilers 
are  designed  for  200  lb.  working  pressure,  but  actually 
supply  st«am  at  185  lb.,  and  the  two  typical  equipments 
provided,  have,  we  understand,  given  some  interesting  com- 
parative data,  which  as  regards  steaming  power  was 
apparently  much  in  favour  of  the  boiler  equipped  with  the 
Prat  draught  system  and  chain  grate  stoker. 

The  coal  conveyor  has  a  capacity  of  40  tons  an  hour,  and 
together  with  an  ash  hoist,  was  supplied  by  the  New  Conveyor 
Co.  Messrs.  Weir  supplied  a  "  Rotofeed "  turbine-driven 
single-stage  feed  pump,  for  delivering  10,000  gallons  per 
hour,  in  which  the  steam  consumption  at  full  load  is  GO  lb. 
per  w.H.p.  per  hour  ;  a  Boby  Simplex  continuous  automatic 
water  softener  has  been  provided,  which  stands  over  a 
14,000-gallon  storage  tank.  The  reagents  used  with  this 
softener  are  distributed  to  the  water  in  powder  form. 

The  engine  room  plant,  which  we  illustrate,  consists 
orimarily  of  two  3,000-K\v.  Willans-G.E.C.  turbo-alternators, 
but  a  1,000-K\v.  Peebles  motor-converter,  and  a  1,000-k\\'. 
Westinghouse  rotary  together  with  switchgear  by  the 
Westinghouse  Co.,  have  also  been  installed. 

The  turbines  are  of  the  disk  and  drum  type,  with  an 
overload  capacity  of  50  per  cent,  for  half  an  hour  and  25  per 
;ent.  for  three  hours  ;  the  guaranteed  steam  consumption  is 
18  follows  : — 

Load  ...  6/4  4jl  3/4  2/4  1/4 

Lb.  steam...         VdS        137         Hi        167         197  net 

Steam  pressure  180  lb.,  superheat  150°,  and  vacuum 
?8^  in.  ;  with  the  higher  steam  pressure  possible,  corres- 
)ondingly  lower  consumption  figures  would  be  obtained, 
rhe  alternators  are  excellently  finished  machines,  turned  out 
it  the  Witton  Works  of  the  General  Electric  Co.,  and  have 
ihe  following  guaranteed  efficiencies  : — 

Load  ...  5/4  4/4  3/4  2/4  1/4 

Efficiency  ...        !I4  %       93  %       92  %       8i).i  %     83  % 

Each  machine  weighs,  complete,  38  tons,  and  has  an 
sxciter  mounted  on  an  extension  of  the  main  shaft. 

The  Willans  condensing  plant  is  of  normal  type,  arranged 
(nder  the  turbines,  with  triple  crank  single  acting  air  pumps, 
iirect-driven  at  125  r.p.m.  by  30-h.h.p.  B.T.H.  motors  :  the 
lir  pump  discharges  are  measured  by  Lea  recorders. 

The  circulating  water  for  this  plant  is  obtained  from  an 
idjacent  canal,  where  a  pumping  plant  has  been  installed 
MO  ft.  distant  from  the  engine  room.  The  plant  consists 
>f  three  Rees  Roturbo  vertical  spindle  circulating  pumps, 
ach  to  deliver  4,800  gallons  of  water  per  min.,  when 
unning  at  625  R.P.M.,  and  coupled  to  Peebles  100-b.h.p. 
Qotors.  At  full  load  the  pump  efficiency,  w.h.p./b.h.p.,  is 
0  per  cent. 

The  pumps  draw  from  a  settling  chamber  where  the  water 
>asses  through  C.I.  screens  ;  it  is  interesting  to  record  that 
luring  the  reconnection  of  the  ch'culating  water  piping, 
?hich  took  36  hours,  the  load  of  the  stacion  was  taken  up 
ly  the  adjoining  Stepney  undertaking,  in  order  to  avoid 


running  non-condeuHing,  thuH  jjfoving  the  emergemy  valup 
of  the  electrical  linking  up  of  the  two  conwroH,  which  was 
originally  engineered  in  i;»08. 

To  return  to  the  engine-room  plant,  both  the  Pecblen 
motor-converter  and  Westingliousc  rotary  f»rivert<!r  are  rated 
at  1,000  KW.,  and  installed  for  converting  (1,000-6,500- volt 
alternating  current  to  4  TO-.OiO-volt  direct  current. 

The  former  has  guaranteed  ediciencieH  of  1)2  j  pf;r  cent., 
1)1^  percent,  and  IIO  [)er  a-nt.  at  full,  threc-quaru;r  and  half 
load  respectively,  these  figures  comparing  wii,h  HI.);  per  f;ent , 
'.)3i  per  cent,  and  l)l.\  per  cent,  overall  elliciencieH  Cinclnd- 
ing  transformer)  guaranteed  for  similar  loadings  in  the  case 
of  rotary  plant. 

The  Westinghduse  rotary  is  a  12-pole  com  pound- wound 
machine  running  at  500  ili'.-M.  (as  against  375  k.c.m.  in  the 
case  of  the  motor-converter),  and  is  Kup|)lied  with  six-ifhase 
350-volt  current  from  an  oil-insulated  self-cooled  transformer 
situated  in  the  basement  below  the  switchboard. 

The  business  end  of  the  new  switchgear  i.s  placed  in  a 
disused  battery  room  behind  the  switch  gallery.  The 
switches  have  a  normal  breaking  capacity  of  0,000  kw., 
and  an  emergency  capacity  of  1H,000  kw.  ;  the  Stepney  link, 
of  l,500-KW.  capacity,  is  protected  by  ilerz-Price  relays 
and  transformers,  and  the  new  engine  room  is  spanned  by 
a  Royce  30-ton  electric  travelling  crane.  The  extensions 
have  been  carried  out  by  Mr.  Horace  Bowden,  the  borough 
electrical  engineer,  to  whom  we  offer  our  congratulations. 


CONTRACTS    CLOSED. 


(Concluded  from  page  984.) 

Canterbury. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  ]Mr. 
R.  E.  Connold,  Canterbury,  for  electrical  work  for  the  ensuing 
half-year. 

Cheltenham, — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  following 
tenders : — 

Ferranti,  Ltd.,  and  British  Westinghouse  Co.,  Ltd.— Electricity  meters. 

Geipel  &  Co. -Arc  lamp  carbons. 

Webster  &  Co.— Flame  carbons. 

E.  Le  Baa  &  Co.— Cast-iron  pipes  tor  new  condensing  plant,  f65. 

Cleckheatou  (Yorks). — The  tender  of  ilessrs.  F.  W. 

Birkett  6c  Sons,  Ltd.,  has  been  accepted  for  the  electric  light 
installation  at  Whitclifife  Road  Wesleyan  Church. 

Croydon. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
Newbold  &  Co.,  of  Sutton,  for  electric  lighting  installation  at  the 
fire  station,  at  £216  10s.,  and  at  the  Library,  at  £129  lOs. 

Devonport. — The  Electric  Power  Committee  of  the 
T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  A.  J.  Smith  &  Co.,  of 
Bristol,  for  0,000  tons  of  coal,  at  £1  Os.  2d.  per  ton. 

Donoaster. — The  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  has 

considered  tenders  for  generating  plant  for  the  electricity  works, 
and  recommended  that  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Siemens  for  the 
alternator  be  accepted,  and  that  the  order  for  the  turbine  and 
condenser  be  placed  with  Messrs.  Willans  \-  Robinson,  Ltd.,  or 
Messrs.  J.  Howden  &  Co.  These  recommendations  have  been 
adopted  by  the  Council,  who  agreed  to  leave  the  decision  in  the 
latter  matter  to  the  chairman  and  vice-chairman  on  the  receipt  of 
further  particulars  from  the  engineer. 

The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the  Lancashire  Dynamo  Co  . 
Ltd.,  for  a  dynamo,  at  £168. 

Dover. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 
Featherstone  Colliery  Co.  for  coal  for  the  electricity  works,  at 
17s.  per  ton. 

Dundee, — The  offer  of  IMessrs.  Babcock  it  AVilcox,  Ltd., 
at  £2.510,  for  steam,  feed  and  drain  piping,  &c  ,  have  been  accepted 
by  the  Electricity  Committee. 

France. — The  French  Post  and  Telegraph  authorities  in 
Paris  last  week  placed  contracts  as  follows  :  — 

La  SociiHe  des  Ateliers  lo  Constructions  du  Nerd  et  de  I'Ect,  of  Jeuinont 
(Nordi.— 100  km.  of  single-conductor  lead-covered  telephone  conductor  : 
80  km.  ditto,  with  two  conductors;  25  km.  ditto,  with  seven  pairs  of 
conductTors  ;  125  km.,  with  two  conductors. 

La  Society  des  Trefileries  du  Havre. -50  km.  ditto,  with  single  conductor; 
40  km.  ditto,  with  two  conductors;  25  km.  ditto,  with  seven  pairs  ot 
conductors;  and  125  km.  ditto,  with  two  conductors. 

GIas<^OW. — The  following  contracts  have  been  accepted 

by  the  T.C.  Tramways  Committee  : — 

Steel  rails  and  fishplates.- Bolckow,  Vaughan  A  Co.,  Ltd. 
Lighting  fittings.- Drake  &  Gorbam,  Ltd. 

In  connection  with  additional  plant  for  Pinkston  power  station, 
offers  have  been  opened  for  a  5,000-kw.  turbo-alternator,  and  the 
estimate  of  the  British  Thomaon-HoustoB  Co.  has  been  accepted. 


990 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,855,  June  13,  1913. 


Uaslin^den. — Mr.  A.   M.  Cramp,  of   Haslingden,  has 

secured  the  contract  for  the  electric  liphtingr  and  electric  organ- 
blowinir  plant  at  the  Trinity  Baptist  Chapel  and  Schools,  Blackburn 
Road  ;  also  the  order  for  an  electric  ligrht  and  power  and  vacuum 
cleaning  plant  at  Carr  Hall,  the  residence  of  Mr.  .T.  Lambert,  and 
at  "  Knowl  Gap,"  the  residence  of  Councillor  A.  Bailey. 

Liverpool. — A  further  order  for  4,000  Robertson  lamps 
has  been  secured  from  the  Corporation  by  the  General  Electric  Co., 
Ltd.  We  understand  that  these  lamps  have  been  specially  ordered 
for  the  purpose  of  illoniinatinp  a  certain  part  of  the  city  in  honour 
of  the  forthcoming  visit  of  the  Kinff. 

London, — L.C.C. — The  Fire  Brigade  Committee  received 
the  followinp  tenders  for  an  electric  lighting:  installation  for  the  new 
fire  station  at  Hammersmith  : — 

A.  Hawkins  &  Sons (recommended)  £205 

Pincliing  Jt  Wftlton        218 

W.  C.  Tttckley  &  Co.,  Ltd 288 

Electrical  Contracts  and  Maintenance  Co.,  Ltd.  . .    282 

Engineer's  estimate,  £200 
The  "Cedes"  Electric  Traction,  Ltd.,  which  recently  received  a 
contract  for  the  supply  of  a  petrol-electric  motor  chassis  for  con- 
verting a  turntable  ladder  for  motor  traction,  has  been  in  com- 
i  munication  with  the  Committee,  as  the  result  of  which  the 
Committee  has  rescinded  its  resolutions  on  the  matter.  It  expresses 
the  opinion  now  that  an  electrically-driven  chassis  would  probably 
be  more  suitable  than  a  petrol-electric  one  for  the  purpose. 

In  connection  with  the  alterations  required  to  the  parapet 
lanterns  on  Westminster  Bridge  in  connection  with  the  conversion 
of  the  existing  arc  lighting  to  metallic-filament  lighting,  the 
following  tenders  were  received  :  — 

S.  Pontifex  4  Co (accepted)  £12 

John  Bipgs 160 

W.  Sugg  &  Co.,  Ltd 216 

Hackney. — The  Electricity  Committee  recommends  that  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  W.  Cory  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  for  Cowdenbeath,  Edinburgh 
and  Hillhouse  coals  for  nine  months  to  March  next,  be  accepted. 

Poplar. — The  Electricity  Comniittee  recently  reported  that,  in 
order  to  cope  with  the  estimated  demand,  it  was  necessary  that  the 
order  should  now  be  placed  for  the  remaining  two  boilers  to  equip 
the  station.  The  firm  price  of  £9,975  for  the  supply  and  erection 
of  two  boilers  exactly  similar  to  Xo.  1 0  boiler,  already  installed,  had 
been  obtained  from  Messrs.  Babcock  &  Wilcox.  Boiler  shops  were 
extremely  busy,  and  any  delay  by  advertising  for  and  considering 
tenders  would  render  it  impossible  to  complete  the  installation  next 
winter,  whereas  Messrs.  Babcock  &  Wilcox  promised  completion  in 
January  next.  In  addition  to  the  boilers,  it  would  be  necessary  to 
obtain  prices  for  the  steam,  feed  and  blow-down  piping,  and  also  for 
one  additional  ash  hoist.  The  Committee  recommended  the  accep- 
tance of  the  offer  of  Messrs.  Babcock  i;  Wilcox,  and  this  the  Council 
agreed  to. 

The  B.C.  has  received  the  following  tenders  for  the  supply  of  a 
1,000-KW.  converter  at  the  MillwaU  sub-station  : — 

Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works  Co  ,  Ltd £2,185 

General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd 2,196 

Brnce  Peebles  &  Co.,  Ltd (recommended)  2,285 

Viokers,  Ltd 2,473 

British  Westinghouse  Co.  2,507 

British  Thomson-Houston  Co 2,516 

Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd 2,618 

The  Electricity  Committee  states  that,  in  view  of  the  small 
d  ffirence  in  price  (£100)  between  the  tender  of  Messrs'.  Bruce  Peebles 
and  Co.,  whose  converters  are  already  in  successful  operation  in  the 
Council's  stations,  and  the  lowest  tender,  it  would  be  advantageous 
to  the  Council  that  such  tender  for  a  motor  converter,  identical 
with  that  supplied  last  year,  should  be  accepted,  and  it  has  been 
decided  accordingly. 

Manchester. — The  following  tenders  have  been  recom- 
mended for  acceptance  by  the  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  : — 

E.  Green  &  Son,  Ltd.— Replacement  o(  No.  3  economiser. 

S.  P.  Bidder  &  Co. -Repairs  to  chimney  and  exhaust  pipe. 

General  Electric  Co  ,  Ltd.— Two  50-H.r.  three-phase  motors. 

Alton  &  Co. — L  i>.  steam  and  water  x'ipes. 

Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works  Co,,  Ltd.— Switcbgear,  busbars,  &c. 

Holden  &  Broo>,  Ltd. — One  electrically-driven  boiler  feed  pump. 

Sturtevant  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.— Air  filtration  plant. 

De  Bergue  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Steelwork  lor  foundations  of  15,000-Ew.  turbo- 
generator. 

Bruce  Peebles  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Two  750-Kw .  motor  converters. 

British  Electric  Transformer  Co.,  Ltd.— Kequirements  of  76-K.v.l.  trans- 
formers. 

W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd.— l.t.  cable  and  paper-insulated 
cable. 

Electrical  Engineering  and  Equipment  Co.,  Ltd.— l.t.  cable. 

Charles  Macintosh  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Rubber-insulated  cable. 

The  Corporation  Tramways  Committee  has  recommended  the 
following  tenders  for  acceptance  : — 

Drake  &  Oorham,  Ltd.— Traction  tyi)e  incandescent  lamps. 
Estler  Bros.- Canopy  trolley  standards. 
Bolckow,  Vaughan  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Steel  fishplates. 
Bayliss,  Jones  4  Bayliss,  Ltd.— Steel  tie  bars. 

Rochdale. — The  Corporation  is  recwminended  to  accept 
the  tenders  of  the  Vulcan  Pump  and  Engine  Co.  and  Mesars. 
Marshall,  Osborn  ,V  Co.  for  the  supply  of  boiler  feed  pumps  for  the 
electricity  works. 

Sal  ford. — The  tender  of  ^Ir.  Bertram  Thomas  for  copper 
strip  required  for  the  main  lighting  and  power  switchboard  at  the 
electricity  station,  at  £302,  hag  been  recommended  for  acceptance 
by  the  Electricity  Committee. 

Stoke-on-Trent. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 

Callender's  Cable  k  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  feeder  oables,  at  £500, 


Sheffield.— The  tenders  of  the  Tinsley  Park  Colliery  Co., 
Ltd.,  and  Messrs.  M.  L.  Bumby  &  Son  have  been  accepted  for  an 
annual  supply  of  washed  coal  to  the  Kelham  Island  power  station, 
at  13s.  6d.  per  ton,  and  13s.  2jd.  and  13s.  5d.  per  ton  respectively. 
For  the  erection  of  a  building  to  house  the  new  rotary  converting 
plant  at  the  Kelham  Island  power  station,  the  tender  of  Messrs. 
W.  &  A.  Forsdike,  Ltd.,  has  been  accepted,  at  £3,210. 

Sunderland. — The    T.C.   on   Wednesday  accepted   the 

following  tenders  : — 

Sturtevant  Engineering  Co.— Air  filter  (or  new  alternator. 

A. E.G.  Co.,  Berlin.— Short-circuiting  device  for  new  alternator,  also  spars 

parts  fir  alternator. 
Dick,  Kerr  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Spare  parts  for  iilternator. 
Pbienix  Dynamo  Co.  -Re-insulafng  one  7.50-kw.  alternator. 
J.  Thompson  &  Co. — 1,500  vd.  wood  troughing. 

B.L  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd  —4,000  yd.  l.t.  cable :  ."lOO  yd.  e.h.t.  cable. 
Crewdson  &  Hardy.— 1,250  yd.  w.i.  piping  and  bends. 

Tonbridffe.— The  U.]).C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  :— 

Mirrlees,  Bickerton  &  Day,  for  additional  plant  for  the  electricity  works, 

£1,884. 
Western  Electric  (3o.— Cables. 

Walsall. — The  Corporation  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
the  British  Westinghouse  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  100-kw.  rotary  converter 
at  the  Sandwell  Street  sub-station,  including  station  transformer 
and  other  accessories,  for  £036,  and  for  the  erection  of  a  high- 
tension  feeder  at  the  generating  station,  at  rtTO  10s. 

The  tender  of  the  Electrical  Power  Storage  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  been 
accepted  by  the  T.C,  at  £26,  for  renewing  the  storage  batteries  at 
three  stations.  The  price  quoted  is  subject  to  an  allowance  of 
£12  10s.  per  ton  for  all  old  plates  removed. 

Wimbledon. — The  tender  of  Messrs.  E.  Foster  &  Co.  has 
been  accepted  by  the  T.C.  for  an  annual  supply  of  about  4,000  tons  of 
Kingsbury  Rider  small  nuts  coal  to  the  electricity  works,  ai 
178.  lOd.  per  ton. 

Molverhampton. — The  Corporation  has  accepted  the 

following  tenders : — 

Amies  &  Sharratt.— Additions  to  the  electricity  stores,  £728. 

Davies  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.— Materials  required  in  the  construction  of  safety 
guides  for  the  bucket  conveyor,  £66. 

Vaughan  .1-  Sons.— One  5-ton  and  one  8-ton  overhead  travelling  cranes,  £105. 

Electric  Construction  Co.,  Ltd.— Direct-current  switcbgear  for  the  con- 
verter plant,  £172. 


FORTHCOMINQ    EVENTS. 


Tramways  and  Light  Railways  Association.— Friday,  June  13tb.   At  Black- 
pool.   Annual  Conference  concludes. 
Physical  Society.— Friday,  June  ISth.     At  8  p.m.    At  the  Imperial  College 
of  Science,  South  Kensington,  S  W.     Paper  on  "Some  Experimects  on 
Tinfoil   Contact  with   Dielectrics,"  by  Mr.  G.  E.   Bairsto.    Paper  on  "A 
Method  of  Measuring  the  Pressure  of  Light  by  Means  of  Metal  Foil,"  by 
Mr.  G.  D.  West. 
North  of    England  Institute  of  Mining  and  Mechanical  Engineers.— 
Saturday,  .June  14tb.    At  2  p  ni.     At  the  Wood  Memorial  Hall,  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne.     General  meeting. 
Municipal  Electrical  Association.~Eighteenth  Annual  Convention. 

Tuesday.  June  ntb.— At  10  a.m.  At  the  I.E.E.,  London.  Opening  bv 
Mr.  W.  Duddell,  P.R.S,  Address  of  Mr.  C.  E.  C.  Shawfleld.  Paper  oi'i 
"  Prime  Movers  for  Electric  Power,"  by  Dr.  8.  Z.  de  Ferranti.  At  2.30  p.m. 
—Leave  for  visits  to  Deptford  power  station  and  West  Ham  electricity 
works. 

Wednesday,  June  18th.— At  10  a.m.  Discussion  in  camera  (members 
and  delegates  only;.  Subjects  :-(l)  The  I.M.R  A.  Bill;  (2)  Heating  and 
Cooking.  At2.80  p.m.— Leave  for  visit  to  Lot's  Road  power  station,  Chelsea. 
At  7  p.m.—  Annual  dinner  at  the  Hotel  Cecil  imembers.  visitors  and  ladies). 

Thursday,  June  19th.— At  10.15  a.m.  Meeting  in  thn  Empire  Theatre, 
Kingston  upon-Thames.  Address  of  welcome  by  the  Mayor.  Papers  on 
"  Air  Filtration,"  by  Mr.  J.  Christie,  and  "  Electric  Vehicles,"  by  Messrs. 
W.  H.  L.  Watson  and  R.  J.  Mitchell.  Demonstration  following.  At 
1.80  p.m.— LuEcheon  at  Nuthalls,  Ltd.  At  3  p.m.— River  trip.  At  7.30  p.m. 
-  Dinner  at  Nuthalls,  Ltd. 

Friday,  June  20ih.— At  10  a.m.    At  the  I.E. E.    Annual  general  meeting. 

Saturday,  June  21st.— At  9.80  a.m.  Leave  for  visit  to  Cbingford 
reservoir. 


Institution    of    Electrical    Engljieers     (Scottish    Section).  —  Tuesday, 

June  17th.    Annual  summer  outing  to  Inversnaid, 
Boyal  Society  of  Arts.— Tuesday,  June  17th.     At  9  p.m.     At  the  Natural 

History   Museum,   South   Kensington,  8.W,    Conversazione  and  reception 

by  Lord  Sanderson. 
Chemical  Society.— Thursday,  June  19tb.    At  8.80  p.m.    Ordinary  meeting. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


i 


Oommandlog  Officer— Luiit.-Col.  H,  M,  Leaf, 
The  following  orders  have  been  ieened  for  the  current  week  s— 

Monday,  June  16th.—"  A  "  Company.  Infantry  drill,  7  to  9  p  m. :  technical 
in<.tructirn  for  all  members  on  the  5ih  rate,  and  for  alt  candldateo  for 
higher  rating,  7  to  9  p  m. ;  musketry  instruction,  9  to  10  p.m.  I.,eal 
Cup  competition  will  take  place  on  n)iniaturc  range,  commencing  at 
7  p.m. 

Tuesday,  June  17th.—"  B "  Company.  Ditto.  Advance  party  for  Beta 
Island  parade  at  Headquarters  at  12  noon. 

Thursday,  June  lOth.— "C  "  Company.    As  for  16th  inst. 

Friday,  June  20th.—"  D  "  Company.    As  for  16th  Inst. 

Saturday,  June  21st.— Main  body  for  Bcre  Island  parade  at  Headquarters  at 
12  noon.  Headquarters  will  be  opened  for  the  transaction  of  regimental 
business  from  10  a,m.  to  12  noon. 

(Signed)       P,  H,  Campbell,  Capt.  B.E.,  Adjutant, 

For  OfBcer  oommandlng  L.R.B. 


Vol.  7l'.     No.  l,8:.r,,  Junk  I:i,  liii:i. 


TUL:    ELECTUICAL    KKVIKW. 


nia 


NOTES. 


Wanted — Three  Hundred  IViunds. — We  arc  pleased 

to  bo  ablo  to  make  two  ndditionB  to  th(!  liht  of  donorH  of  L  100  who 
desire  to  enable  the  Mlectrical  TradeH  licnevolont  liiHtitution  to 
take  advanta(;e  of  Mr.  E.  0.  Byntr'H  offer.  iMr.  .limtuB  Eck,  who 
has  jusl  returned  to  theBe  shores  from  a  lenffthy  tour  in  the 
ColonieH,  made  it  one  of  hia  first  duties  to  communicate  to  the 
secretary  his  wish  to  co-operato  to  the  full  in  thin  matter.  IVlr. 
Eck  has  done  for  this  fund  ri(»ht  from  its  very  be(;innin(r  more 
than  many  people  can  over  know,  and  he  ajjain  showB  the  sincerity 
and  zoal  with  which  he  reerardB  his  ott'sprinp:  by  puttinjf  his  name 
in  the  accompany injf  list.  Mr.  Dane  Sinclair  has  also  generously 
forwarded  to  us  personally  a  cheque  for  £100,  which  we  have 
handed  on  to  the  secretary.  The  deep  concern  with  which  Mr. 
Sinclair  has  noted  our  continued  appeals  for  the  fund,  and  his 
great  desire  to  prevent  the  movement  beint;  unsuccessful,  will 
appear  from  the  foUowinff  letter  which  accompanied  his  dona- 
tion : — 

"  Dear  Mr.  Gatehouse. — Considering  the  best  interests  of  the 
electrical  fraternity  in  this  country,  I  have  been  sorry  to  see  that 
it  has  been  necessary  for  the  Ruview  to  ask  so  often  for  the  total 
of  £1,000  to  be  subscribed  to  the  Electrical  Trades  Benevolent 
Fund,  and  had  hoped  to  see  what  one  mi^ht  term  the  more  wealthy 
members  com inp:  forward  and  doing:  the  necessary;  but  the  time- 
limit  is  now  approach intr,  and  I  should  be  sorry  to  see  this  pood 
cause  fallinpr  throujjh  for  lack  of  funds,  and  have  therefore  pleasure 
in  enclosintr  my  cheque  for  £100  t  shall  be  glad  if  you  will  add 
my  name  to  the  list  of  those  who  have  already  subscribed,  and 
1  trust  that  this  week  will  see  the  full  amount  raised. 

"  I  think  the  thanks  of  everyone  are  due  to  you  for  the  trouble 
your  paper  has  taken  in  this  matter. —  Yours  faithfully, 

"Dane  Sinclaih. 
"June  W/i,  1918." 

Three  spaces  still  remain  open,  and  once  again  we  renew  our 
appeal  to  the  large-hearted  to  'phone  or  write  to  the  secretary,  or  to 
us,  under  the  first  impulse  that  possesses  them  after  reading  this 
note.    The  position  now  stands  as  follows  : — 


1 

Mr.  E.  G.  Byng            

£100 

2 

Mr.  G.  Sutton 

£100 

3 

Mr.  H.  Hirst 

£100 

4 

Mr.  E.  Garcke 

£100 

5 

Sir  W.  H.  Preece.  K.C.B.,  F.R.S.      ... 

£100     { 

6 

Mr.  Justus  Eck           

£100 

7 
8 

Mr.  Dane  Sinclair      

£100 

9 
10 

* :;:    :::    :;;    ;:;    :;:    ::: 

:::    ::: 

It  has  been  suggested  that,  as  all  the  donations  down  to  date  are 
from  individuals,  the  company  contributions  are  long  overdue. 
But  then  it  takes  longer  to  get  a  proposal  passed  by  a  board  of 
directors  than  for  a  private  gentleman  to  settle  the  matter  with 
his  own  heart  and  conscience.  After  all,  "  company  "  proposals 
generally  have  an  individual  origin.  We  hope  that  both  boards 
and  private  individuals  will  speedily  find  the  remaining  three 
hundreds. 

Foreign   Trade  in  May. — The  returns  published  this 

week  show  that  during  the  month  of  May  imports  advanced  by 
ir2  per  cent,  (nearly  6i  million  sterling),  exports  by  12'9  per  cent, 
(over  5  million  sterling),  while  re-ezports  fell  by  l.Tl  per  cent, 
(nearly  li  million  sterling).  The  electrical  and  machinery  figures 
for  the  month,  and  for  the  five  months,  are  as  follows  : — 


Imports. 

Mc/ith  of 

Inc. 

Five 

Inc. 

Electrical  goods  and 

May 

or 

months 

or 

apparatus,  exclud- 

1913. 

dec. 

1913. 

dec. 

ing  machinery  and 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

insulated  wire     ... 

118,723 

+  18,576 

624,868 

-6,091 

Machinery 

650,362 

-18,623 

3,162,493 

+  278,970 

Exjwiis. 

Electrical  goods  and 

apparatus,  exclud- 

ing machinery  and 

insulated  wire     ... 

46,5,072 

+  163,595 

2,381,357 

+  636,603 

Machinery 

3,255,976 

+  496,550 

15,190,633  +2,060,971 

Tramway    Appeal   in   the   Lords. — At  the  time  of 

going  to  press,  the  appeal  in  the  case  of  the  Tottenham  Urban 
District  Council  r.  the  Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways,  Ltd.,  is 
being  heard  in  the  House  of  Lords. 

Lead  Prices. — The  agreement  as  to  lead  cjuctations 
recently  arranged  by  Hamburg  manufacturers  has  now  been  ex- 
tended to  the  whole  of  Germany  under  the  following  conditions  ; — 
The  basis  price  for  leaden  articles  is  raised  r50  marks  per  100 
kilog.,  the  sale  prices  being  as  follows  : — For  the  Rhineland  and 
Westphalia,  freight  basis  of  Cologne,  45'10  marks ;  for  South 
Germany,  45  maiks,  freight  basis  of  Mannheim,  Mayence  and 
Strassburg  ;  for  Middle  Germany,  44'50  marks,  freight  basis  of 
Hanover  and  Hamburg  ;  for  Brandenburg,  44"50  marks,  freight 
basis  of  Brandenburg  ;  for  Berlin,  40'60  to  43'50  marke,  freight 
basis  of  Berlin— all  per  100  kilog..  payable  within  14  days,  with 
1 J  per  cent,  discount, 


NeetinK  of  London  Flectrical  and  other  llorkers. 

—  W<i  are  iiifonrii:(l  tliiit  u  iruM'ting  of  i'l<!(;tri':iil  work<T>(  wan  held 
at  Caxton  Hull  on  ./uin!  2nd,  iiniler  th«  chairmanship  of  Mr.  (i)^jTge 
Dew,  L.C.f;.,  th(!  Secretary  of  the  London  Buildinif  InduHtrien 
Federation,  who  hoped  that  that  splendid  (rathpriiiir  wan  an  aut^ury 
for  a  brJKhter  future  for  the  clcctricianH  of  the  .MetrofKiliH.  Mr. 
.lack  Potter,  the  diMtrict  wicretary,  moved  aretvilution  ple<l(ring  the 
meeting  to  Hupport  the  ( IfortH  of  the  London  DiHtri:t  <,'oramittce  to 
secure  an  advance  of  wa^tM  nnd  better  worklni;  wmditiouH  for  thoM 
engaged  in  the  induntry.  lie  stated  that  Kome  of  the  employers 
were  making  a  very  definite  attempt  to  reduce  the  wajfew  of  the 
wiremm  a  miserable  '.tjd.  j)er  hour.  Thf-y  were  approaching  the 
London  County  (;ouncil  and  the  Govemintnt  departments  to  get  the 
schedule  rates  reduced,  and  unless  the  men  put  up  a  iitrenuouM 
fight,  they  would  go  down,  lie  appealed  to  the  audience  to  go  into 
the  highwaysand  imbue  their  fellowH  with  the  Bpirit  of  solidarity, 
so  that  they  could  stand  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  the  workers  of  other 
industries,  to  create  a  social  order  where  poverty  and  low  wages  would 
be  iiiiposBible.  Mr.  H.  Roll,  of  the  Electrical  Tra^ies  Union,  Hecondfd 
the  resolution.  Other  speakers  were  :  .Mr.  Hen  Tillett,  Mr.  .lomt-* 
Macdonald,  the  late  secretary  of  the  London  Trades  Council,  and  Mr. 
Jack  Kinniburgh,  the  organiser  of  the  E.T.U.,  who  said  it  was  a  dis- 
grace to  the  electricians  that  they  were  not  yet  on  the  move.  The 
E.T.U.had  raised  wagesin  all  industrial  centres  ;  London  alone  had  not 
moved,  but  he  hoped  that  that  meeting  would  inspire  them  with  the 
determination  not  to  re-t  until  they  had  secured  more  of  the  good 
things  of  this  life.  Mr.  Harry  Adams,  of  the  Bricklayers'  Society, 
promised  the  support  of  their  members  in  whatever  efforts  were 
made,  and  Mr.  Hugo  Beazley,  the  organiser  of  the  Plasterers'  Union, 
thanked  the  electricians  for  the  splendid  support  they  had  rendered 
the  plasterers  in  their  dispute  with  the  master  builders.  A  speech, 
urging  the  necessity  of  combination  among  all  workers,  from  Mr. 
Fred  Knee,  the  secretary  of  the  London  Trades  Council,  concluded 
the  meeting,  which,  we  are  informed,  carried  the  resolution 
untmimously. 

London    Railway  Contracts. — The   l-'inatirial  Tinier 

stated  last  Saturday  that  the  contract  for  electrifying  a  portion  of 
the  London  and  South-Western  Railway  at  a  cost  of  just  under 
£300,000  had  been  given  to  the  British  Westinghonse  Electric  and 
Manufacturing  Co.  '•  The  order,  it  is  stated,  is  the  largest  single 
one  of  its  kind  ever  handed  out,  and  the  British  Westinghonse  Co. 
is  to  be  congratulated  on  having  secured  it  on  terms,  it  is  to  be 
presumed,  which  will  keep  its  plant  profitably  employed  for  a 
considerable  period.  The  contract  of  a  similar  nature  of  the 
London  and  North- Western,  involving  a  sum  of  1 160,000,  has  gone 
to  the  Oerlikon  Co.,  of  Zurich.  Great  disappointment  is  felt  in 
engineering  circles  that  a  British  firm  has  failed  to  obtain  this 
order,  and  private  conferences  are  being  held  to  discuss  the  causes 
of  the  unsuccessful  tendering  of  home  manufacturers.  The  two 
contracts  alluded  to  do  not  include  power  stations,  the  details  of 
which  have  not  yet  been  settled,  but  relate  solely  to  railway 
equipment." 

Our  contemporary  added  in  its  Monday  issue  :— '"  The  contract  for 
the  construction  of  the  necessary  power  houses  has  still  to  be 
awarded,  and  in  engineering  circles  it  is  generally  believed  that 
this  work  also  will  be  given  *o  the  British  \Vestinghou.«e.  The 
sum  involved  will  be  large,  precisely  how  much  cannot  be  stated, 
but  probably  over  £200,000,  acd  the  contract  will  naturally  be 
greatly  sought  after.  Doubtless,  however,  the  successful  tenderers 
will  come  to  terms  with  the  rest  of  the  trade,  it  being  customary 
among  the  big  engineering  interests  to  sub-let  portions  of  works  of 
the  magnitude  of  these  railway  electrification  schemes." 

The  li<iilu\tij  Times  says  that  the  Oerlikon  contract  is  for  the 
electrical  equipment  of  over  40  trains.  We  understand  that  the 
contracts  for  the  boilers  and  rotary  converters  for  the  L.  .t  S.  W. 
Railway  have  also  been  given  out. 

Association    ot    Electrical   Station   Engineers. — A 

meeting  was  held  at  Birmingham  on  June  10th,  at  which  Mr. 
McKee  was  in  the  chair,  and  a  branch  was  definitely  formed  for 
the  Midlands.  Mr.  E.  A.  Gordon  was  elected  hon.  secretary,  and 
representatives  from  Worcester,  Birmingham,  Walsall,  Wednesbury 
and  West  Bromwich  were  elected  on  the  Committee.  The  hon. 
secretary  was  elected  delegate  for  the  Conference,  and  the  meeting 
passed  a  few  resolutions,  which  the  delegate  was  instructed  to  put 
before  the  Conference.  A  similar  meeting  was  held  recently  at 
Liverpool,  when  Mr.  A.  C.  Black  was  elected  delegate  for  the  Con- 
ference. The  date  of  the  general  meeting  of  the  whole  Association 
has  been  fixed  for  June  24th,  to  be  held  at  Chandos  Hall.  Maiden 
Lane,  W.C. 

Contracts    and     Fair    Wages. —  In    the    House   of 

Commons  questions,  Mr.  O'Grady  asked  the  First  Lord  of  the 
Admiralty  whether  he  was  aware  that  the  firms  of  Spagnoletti, 
Ltd.,  Shepherd's  Bush  ;  Johnson  &  Phillips,  Charlton,  Kent  :  Keith 
and  Blackman,  Holloway  Road  ;  and  ^Messrs.  Crompton,  Chelms- 
ford, contractors  to  the  department,  paid  instrument  makers  in 
their  employ  wages  ranging  from  7d.  to  8d.  per  hour,  the  standard 
rate  being  9d.,  and  also  employed  a  very  large  amount  of  boy  labotur 
on  similar  work  at  rates  ranging  from  2d.  to  4d.  an  hour,  thus 
enabling  these  firms  to  compete  unfairly  with  firms  employing' 
adult  labour  ;  and  whether  he  would  make  inquiry  into  the  matter 
with  a  view  to  enforcing  the  provisions  of  the  Fair  Wages  Clause. 
Dr.  Macnamara  replied  that  he  was  not  aware  of  the  circumstances 
referred  to,  but  would  have  inquiries  made.  He  might  add  that 
the  Trade  Union  had  recently  instanced  one  of  the  firms  named  in 
the  question  as  being  a  firm  who  paid  9d.  per  hour. 


992 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,8.15,  JCNB  l.'^,  1913. 


Electricity    Supply    Rifle     I.eajrne.— The  following 

matches  were  decided  during  May  :— Hackney  (Smith  9.5),  ,5.50  ; 
Westminster  (Winchombe.  Herley  98),  5fi7.  Hackney  (Hillinp  96), 
559  :  Shoreditch  (East  99),  570  Phoreditch  (Weeks  100),  .578  ; 
life-''  (^R.  Tnfnall  97).  656.  St.  James's  (Green,  Young  93),  521  ; 
HfordCR  Tnfnell,  McKelvpy  95),  553.  Central  (Law  97),  5  G-t  ;  West- 
minster (Partridge  99).  576.  Central  (Rhodes  98),  575  :  Poplar 
(Mogg  93).  490.  St  James's  (Strange  98),  567  ;  Stepney  (Heavi- 
side  96).  539.  Stepney  (Barber  98).  556  :  Brompton  (Mugford  96), 
559.  Poplar,  507  ;  St.  James's  (Hooking  96),  547. 
The  following  are  the  positions  to  date  : — 

S/iot.  U'un.  Lost.  PoiiitK.  For.  Ayainst. 

Shoreditch        ...  6  f>  0  12  3,441  3,278 

Westminster     ...  6  5  1  10  3,414  3,302 

Ilford     6  5  1  10  3,383  3,210 

Central 6  3  3            6  3,369  3.284 

St.  James's       ...  6  3  3             6  3,196  3.265 

Brompton          ...  5  2  3             4  2,778  2,767 

Stepney 6  15             2  3,256  3.190 

Hackney           ...  6  1  5            2  3,221  3,259 

Poplar 5  0  5             0  2,264  2,767 

The  Dumfries-London  Electric  Vehicle  Trial.— We 

understand  that  the  380-mile  trial  run  of  the  Arrol  Johnson- 
Edison  battery  vehicle,  to  which  reference  was  made  last  week, 
terminated  snccessfully  on  Wednesday.  Xo  electrical,  mechanical 
or  tire  troubles  were  experienced  ;  but  due  to  adverse  weather,  and 
the  limited  maximum  speed  of  the  vehicle,  which  is  fitted  with  a 
nominal  3J-H.P.  series  motor,  the  run  took  rather  longer  than 
intended.  It  is,  howevw,  stated  to  be  the  first  time  that  ench  a 
long  run  has  been  carried  out  by  an  electrical  car  in  Europe. 

.innual  Outini^s. — For  their  annual  outing  on  June  4th, 
the  staff  of  the  Guildford  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  went  for  a 
trip  to  Portsmouth.  They  were  accompanied  by  Mr.  H.  L. 
Alderton,  engineer  and  manager,  and  Mr.  R.  Harold  Piper,  secretary 
and  accountant,  together  with  several  guests.  Luncheon  was 
served  at  Scullard's  Victoria  Hotel,  Southsea,  and  later,  trips  were 
made  to  the  Isle  of  Wight  and  other  places  in  the  vicinity  of 
Portsmouth.  In  the  evening  the  party  were  present  at  the  Ports- 
mouth Hippodrome. 

iDstitDtion  and  Lectnre  Notes.  —  Association  of 
Mining  Electrical  Engineers— East  of  Scotland  Branch. 
— At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  branch  held  at  Dunfermline,  Mr. 
C.  A.  Carlow,  of  the  Fife  Coal  Co ,  who  has  been  the  president  of 
the  branch  since  its  inception  three  years  ago,  resigned,  and  Mr. 
H.  G.  Eraser,  Leven,  chief  electrician  to  the  Fife  Coal  Co.,  was 
nominated  for  the  vacancy.  Mr.  R.  W.  Peters,  electrician  to  the 
Lochgelly  Iron  and  Coal  Co.  was  appointed  to  the  joint  post  of 
secretary  and  treasurer,  and  Mr.  N.  A.  Wilkie,  Cardenden,  was 
elected  as  auditor.  After  the  business  meeting,  the  members  were 
socially  entertained  by  Mr.  C.  A.  Carlow,  the  retiring  president. 

A  meeting  of  the  Association  was  held  at  Hednesford,  on  Saturday. 
Mr,  A.  Hall  was  unanimously  re-elected  president  for  the  ensuing 
year ;  Messrs.  C.  F.  Jackson,  M.  J.  Moffeth,  Chris  Jones  and  J.  R. 
English  were  elected  vice-presidents.  Mr.  H.  Arnoth  was  re-elected 
as  secretary  and  treasurer.  A  discussion  took  place  on  Mr.  Bolton 
Shaw's  paper  on  "Notes  on  Colliery  Generating." 

Victorian  Institute  of  Electrical  Engiseebs.— At  the 
meeting  of  this  Institute,  held  at  Melbourne  on  May  1st,  there  was 
a  discussion  on  the  notes  on  his  "  Trip  Abroad,"  read  at  a  previous 
meeting  by  the  hon.  secretary,  Mr.  Westwood,  and  three  10-minutc 
papers  followed  ; — "  Wire  Drawing  :  A  New  Australian  Industry,'' 
by  J.  K.  McDougall  ;  "  Use  of  Aluminium  Coiiductors,"  by  6.  B. 
Lincolne  ;  "  Fire  Resisting  Materials,"  by  Noel  Murray. 

Physical  Society  of  London. — At  the  meeting  on  May 
16th  a  paper  on  "Some  Experiments  to  Detect  /S-rays  from 
Radium  A,"  by  Dr.  W.  !Makower  and  Dr.  S.  Russ,  was  read  by  Dr. 
Rubs.  A  paper  on  ''Vibration  Galvanometer  Design,"  was  read  by 
Dr.  Haworth.  The  author  states  that  it  is  an  advantage  to  be  able 
to  increase  the  useful  power  input  per  unit  voltage.  To  do  this 
the  resistance  of  the  instrument  must  be  decreased.  This  can 
be  done  by  leading  the  current  in  and  out  at  the  bottom  bridge 
and  short-circuiting  the  wires  at  the  top  bridge,  and  it  results  in  a 
great  increase  of  sensibility.  At  high  frequencies  the  flux  density 
required  is  large.  In  order  to  obtain  this  result  economically  it  is 
convenient  to  make  the  depth  of  the  poles  small  compared  with  the 
maximum  length  of  the  wires.  The  result  is  a  very  satisfactory 
instrument  with  a  much  Hatter  voltmeter-sensibility-freqnency 
curve  than  obtained  usually.  Mr.  W.  Duddell  remarked  that  it  it 
was  required  to  make  a  really  efficient  galvanometer  for  high 
frequencies  it  was  best  to  redesign  the  whole  instrument.  When  a 
very  low  resistance  was  wanted  silver  wires  could  be  used.  A  strong 
field  necessitated  using  an  electromagnet,  against  which  he  had  a 
prejudice,  for  vibration  galvanometers.  Mr.  A.  Campbell  pointed 
out  that  in  some  cases  it  was  current  sensitivity  that  was  required. 
Thii  depended  upon  the  bridge  the  galvanometer  was  nstd  with. 

At  the  meeting  on  May  :iOth,  a  paper  on  "  Electro-thermal 
Phenomena  at  the  Contact  of  Two  Conductors  with  a  Theory  of  a 
Class  of  Radio-Telegraph  DetectorB,"  was  read  by  Dr.  W.  H. 
Eccles.  Toe  paper  is  a  purely  theoretical  one,  and  deduces  mathe- 
matically the  laws  connecting  the  current  and  the  applied  e.m  f.  in 
a  circuit  containing  a  light  contact  of  two  conductors.  The  bulk 
of  the  wireless  telegraphy  of  the  world  is  carried  on  by  such  con- 
tacts ae  these,  and  the  present  paper,  therefore,  constitutes  a  theory 
of  the  action  of  these  detectors.    It  is  shown  that,  in  general,  when 


a  contact  is  used  as  a  radiotelegraph  detector,  there  may  be  some 
coherer  action  mixed  up  with  the  thermoelectric  "  rectifying " 
action  ;  and  that,  whether  there  is  or  is  not  any  coherer  action,  the 
principal  features  of  the  charaoteri'tic  curve  connecting  current 
and  E  M.F.  are  determined  by  the  Thomson  rather  than  by  the 
Peltier  effect.  Dr.  J.  A.  Fleming  communicated  a  statement  to  the 
effect  that  a  large  number  of  measurements  of  characteristic  curves 
of  his  valves  and  other  detectors  had  shown  that  there  were  sudden 
changes  of  curvature  in  them.  The  results  did  not,  however,  fall 
in  with  any  very  simp^.e  theory  of  such  rectifying  detector?. 

ISSTITrTION  OF  ELECTRICAL  ENGINEERS  (StODENTS'   SECTION). 

— The  officers  of  the  Students'  Section  for  the  session  1913-14. are 
as  follows  ; — Chairman,  Mr.  S.  M.  Hills  :  vice-chairman,  Mr.  R  E. 
Dickinson  ;  hon.  secretary,  Mr.  E.  T.  Driver ;  hon.  assistant 
secretary,  Mr.  R.  A.  McMahon. 

Newcastle  Local  Section.— The  report  of  the  Committee 
for  the  se.^sion  1912-13  states  that  the  total  membership  of 
the  Section  is  319,  a  decrease  of  two  on  last  year's  figure.  The  full 
members,  associate  members,  associates  and  graduates  have  in- 
creased by  47,  and  the  student  members  decreased  by  49.  The  average 
attendance  was  52.  The  Tees-side  members  have  held  several 
meetings  in  Middlesbrough,  under  the  direction  of  a  Local  Sub- 
Committee  This  activity  has  been  much  to  the  advantage  of  that 
district  and  also  of  the  Institution,  as  its  membership  has  thereby 
materially  increased.  There  are  now  about  56  members  in  the 
Tees- side  District.  The  Student  Section  has  done  good  work,  and 
two  of  the  students  have  been  awarded  premiums  for  papers. 
The  Committee  has  some  prospect  of  concluding  arrangements  by 
which  the  members  will  be  at  liberty  to  attend  the  ordinary 
meetings  of  other  Societies  in  exchange  for  similar  privileges.  The 
officers  and  Committee  for  the  ensuing  session  are  as  follows  : — 
Chairman,  Mr.  C.  Vernier  ;  vice-chairmen,  Mefsrs.  P.  V.  Hunter 
and  J.  H.  Holmes ;  past  chairmen,  Messrs.  C.  Faraday  Proctor,  ('.  S. 
Vesey  Brown  and  W.  C.  Mountain.  Committee,  Messrs.  W. 
McLellan,  R,  P.  Sloan,  C.  TumboU,  G.  Stoney,  A.  H.  Marshall, 
J.  R.  Andrews,  Wm.  Thornton,  H.  Stroud,  J.  R.  M.  Elliott,  A.  P. 
Pyne,  G.  L.  Drury,  J.  A.  Anderson,  C.  H.  Davidson,  and  E.  Fawssett. 
Hon.  treasurer,  Mr.  W.  A.  Clatworthy  ;  hon.  secretary,  Mr.  H.  W. 
Clothier  ;  assistant  hon.  secretary,  Mr.  W.  G.  Guns  ;  hon.  auditors, 
Messrs.  H.  L.  Riseley  and  F.  0.  Hunt. 

The  Committee  of  the  Newcastle  Students"  Section  reports 
that  the  membership  at  the  end  of  the  session  1911-12  was  151. 
During  the  past  year  there  have  been  29  additions,  but  owing  to 
the  large  number  of  removals  and  transfers  the  total  has  decreased 
to  102.  It  has  been  thought  that  the  Committee  of  the  Students' 
Section  in  London  is  officially  in  a  somewhat  false  position. 
Recent  correspondence  suggests  that  the  "  London  Students'  Sec- 
tion "is  to  be  60  named,  and  that  a  satisfactory  definition  of  the 
functions  of  the  "  London  Students'  Committee  '  has  now  been 
made.  The  Students'  annual  tour  this  year  is  to  take  the  form  of  a 
visit  to  Newcastle  from  July  3rd  to  5th.  The  officers  for  the  new 
session  are  Messrs  J.  Hacking  (chairman),  E.  W'yatt  (vice-chairman), 
H.  V.  Henniker  (hon.  sec.). 

Iron  .^nd  Steel  Institute. — The  preliminary  programme  of 
the  Brussels  meeting,  from  September  Ist  to  4th,  has  been  issued. 
A  number  of  papers  are  to  be  read  and  discussed  ;  Ghent  Exhibi- 
tion is  to  be  visited  ;  and  there  are  to  be  excursions  to  Liege  and 
Charleroi,  where  important  works  will  be  visited. 

Illuminating  Engineering  Society. — The  report  of  the 
Council  for  the  session  to  May,  1913.  refers  to  the  effective 
co-operation  of  the  Society  with  other  bodies,  and  to  its  growing 
prestige  on  the  Continent.  Dr.  R.  T.  Glazsbrook  has  been 
nominated  a  Vice-President.  The  membership  of  the  Society  now 
exceeds  400.  With  the  co-operation  of  the  Society,  a  similar 
association  has  been  formed  in  Germany,  supported  by  the 
Reicheanstalt,  and  has  made  good  progress.  The  finances  of  the 
Society  are  in  a  satisfactory  condition. 

Strikes. — The  Times  on  Monday  stated  that  the  works 
of  the  General  Electric  Co.  at  Witton  had  been  closed  down  for  a 
week,  the  office  staff  taking  a  holiday.  The  firm  were  willing  to 
concede  the  minimum  wage,  but  would  not  consent  to  wipe  off  the 
debts  which  the  emplojes  h&d  accumulated  in  connection  with 
their  work.  The  total  amount  of  the  debt  was  said  to  be  at  least 
£l,oOO,  and  the  individual  sums  ranged  from  £3  to  £60. 

Appointments  Vacant. — Assistant  lecturer  in  electrical 
engineering,  Manchester  School  of  Technology  (£200) :  sales 
engineer,  for  the  York  electricity  department  (£12U);  foreman 
electrician  and  electrical  foreman,  for  locc  motive  workshop  power 
house  (Rs.  250  per  mensem),  for  the  South  Indian  Railway ; 
mechanic  and  blacksmith,  for  the  Watford  U.D.C.  (32s.).  Twenty 
electrical  fitters  are  wanted  for  II. M.  Dockyard  at  Devonport  (38s.)  ; 
assistant  superintendent  for  Sheffield  installation  and  motor  depart- 
ment (£  160).    Bee  our  advertisement  pages  to-day. 

Batti-Wallab  Hirer  Trip. — The  raotor-boat  .5"/.  George, 

which  took  the  Batti-Wallah  party  on  their  down-river  trip,  came 
to  grief  by  colliding  with  some  floating  wreckage  off  the  Ovens 
Buoy.  One  of  her  planks  was  knocked  in  and  she  sank  in  7i 
minutes.  The  engine  kept  going  until  half-submerged,  assisted  by 
the  crew  paddling  with  floor  Ixjards,  kc,  and  the  party  reached 
shore  in  4  ft.  of  water.  We  understand  that  interesting  photo- 
graphs will  be  exhibited  to  those  forming  the  Up-River  party  on 
28th  inet. 


Vol.72.    No.  l,8.-.r),  Junk  i:i,  19i:t.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


\m 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

7h«  EdUurt  invite  fleatrioal  engiiwen,  whether  conMotod  with  tlu) 
uvhnical  or  the  commercial  aide  of  the  profenion  and  induntry, 
aho  electric  tramway  and  railway  o/fwialit,  to  keep  readern  of  the 
Elkotuioal  Review  iiosted  at  to  their  morementt. 


<'entral  Station  Officials.— On  leaving  tlic  pciierating 

Btation,  OloiiccHter,  for  a  poHition  in  Canatia,  Mb.  T.  H.  Mouhih 
was  presented  ly  the  chief  en^'incer,  on  behalf  of  the  staff  and 
workmen  of  the  department,  with  a  Huit  case. 

Our  Cnpe  CorreHpondent  writes  :  "  The  town  clerk  of  Port  Eliza- 
lielh  haH  received  a  cable  atatinjf  that  Mil.  H.  J.  HoLrjKU,  the 
municipal  electrical  engineer,  who  is  atpreeenton  leave  in  England, 
met  with  a  serious  accident,  as  a  re^ult  of  which  he  has  btcn  un- 
conscious for  a  week.  The  cable  stated  that  an  operation  had  been 
successfully  performed  on  ttie  sknll,  but  that  a  further  operation 
might  bo  necessary. " 

The  Leek  U.D  C.  has  increased  the  salary  of  Mb.  Carr,  electrical 
engineer,  by  ii'2^)  a  year. 

Tne  electric  supply  and  tramway  staff  at  Ipswich  have  pre- 
sented an  oxidised  silver  table  standard  lamp  with  silk  ehade,  to 
Mr.  Gko.  L.  Gauton,  who  has  charge  of  the  installation  depart- 
ment, on  his  marriage.  From  the  wiremen,  i:c,,  of  the  installation 
department,  Mr.  Garton  received  a  tea  service. 

Mb.  S.  T.  Allen,  late  city  electrical  engineer  at  Carlisle,  on 
leavinjf  to  become  electrical  engineer  at  Wolverhampton,  has  been 
presented  by  the  staff  with  a  g'old  watch  and  oxidised  silver 
inkstand. 

The  Elland  U.D.C.  has  increased  the  salary  of  Me.  Wm.  C. 
Knowles,  chief  electrical  engineer,  from  £15t>  to  £165  per 
annum. 

Mb.  T.  R.  Sta.ncombe  has  resigned  his  position  of  installation 
superintendent  to  the  York  Corporation  Electricity  Department, 
and  has  been  appointed  engineering  representative  for  power 
purposes  to  the  Bristol  Corporation  Electricity  Department. 

Tramway  Officials. — The  members  of  the  Metropolitan 
Association  of  Electric  Tramways  Managers,  are  entertaining  Mr. 
H.  E.  Blain  to  dinner  on  Friday,  the  Ith  prox.,  at  the  Municipal 
and  County  Club,  Whitehall,  on  his  resignation  as  tramways 
manager  at  West  Ham,  and  also  as  Chairman  of  the  Association. 

General. — Mk.  .Jt:stus  Eck,  whose  departure  we 
announced  last  October,  has  now  returned  to  London,  after  many 
months  spent  in  visiting  Australia,  Tasmania,  New  ZeaJand,  Canada, 
and  the  United  States,  in  the  interests  of  the  Union  Electric  Co.,  of 
Southwark.  During  his  visit  to  Melbourne  he  read  a  paper  on 
"  Indirect  Lighting  by  Arc  Lamps,"  before  the  Victorian  Institution 
of  Electrical  Engineers,  and  received  an  invitation  from  the 
Engineering  Society  of  Queensland,  to  read  a  paper  before  that 
body.  Unfortunately,  lack  of  time  compelled  him  to  decline. 
Mr.  E  ik  expresses  himself  satisfied  in  every  way  with  his  tour,  and 
particularly  with  the  cordial  reception  universally  extended  to  him 
by  members  of  all  branches  of  the  electrical  industry. 

C'lnadfi  states  that  the  Hon.  Adam  Beck,  chairman  of  the 
Ontario  Hydro-Electric  Power  Commission,  arrived  in  London  last 
week. 

Mr.  W.  p.  Bubtox,  who  has  been  invited  by  Sir  T.  Lipton  to 
command  the  new  America  Cup  Challenger,  is  the  vice-chairman 
of  the  Ipswich  Electric  Supply  and  Tramways  Committee.  He  is 
also  the  Master  of  the  East  Suffolk  Foxhounds  and  Master  of  the 
Staghounds. 

Me.  W.  Hayes  has  resigned  his  position  in  the  Supply  Depart- 
ment of  British  Westinghouse  Co.,  Ltd.,  Manchester,  and  has  joined 
the  staff  of  Messrs.  Falk,  Stadelmann  .Jc  Co.,  Ltd.,  as  outside  repre- 
sentative for  their  new  branch  establishment,  now  open  at  lii7-lll, 
Shudehill,  Manchester. 

The  marriage  took  place  at  St.  Matthew's  Church,  East  Croydon, 
on  June  3rd,  of  Mr.  John  W.m.  Holdeon,  only  son  of  the  late  Mr. 
John  Holdron,  of  Holdron  &  Son,  electrical  engineers,  of  Market 
Street,  Ashby-de-la-Zouch,  and  Miss  Marguerita  Pullen,  youngest 
daughter  of  the  late  Mr.  John  Pollen,  of  East  Croydon. 

A  marriage  took  place  at  St.  Gabriel's  Church,  Cricklewood, 
London,  on  June  4th,  of  Me.  Robt.  Baeeon,  electrical  engineer, 
of  Fleetwood,  and  Miss  Winifred  Baxter.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Barron 
were  the  recipients  of  a  large  number  of  presents,  including  silver 
plate  from  the  bridegroom's  Fleetwood  employes,  and  a  clock  from 
the  members  of  the  Fleetwood  Canine  Society,  of  which  the 
bridegroom  is  hon.  secretary. 

Me.  J.  E.  Spagnoletti  has  severed  his  connection  with  the  firm 
of  Spagnoletti,  Ltd. 

Dr.  Cael  Hering  is  at  present  in  London  from  the  States  on  a 
business  trip. 

Me.  W.  Lewis  has  been  presented  with  an  illuminated  address 
on  his  retirement  from  the  secretaryship  of  the  sick  benefit  society 
founded  by  the  employes  of  Messrs.  Spagnoletti,  Ltd.,  Shepherd's 
Bush.  Mr.  John  GriflBths  made  the  presentation  at  a  large 
gathering  of  the  staff. 

Me.  M.  N.  Jacks,  director  of  Messrs.  Humphreys,  Ltd.,  and 
Me.  J.  NoEiiAN  Awblee,  have  joined  the  board  of  Scholey  and 
Co.,  Ltd. 

Obituary. — Mr.  J.  W.  Courtenay. — We  deeply  regret 

to  learn  of  the  death,  which  occurred  very  suddenly  at  his  residence 
at  Stevenage,  on  Sunday,  June  Ist,  of  Mr.  James  Watts  Courtenay. 
The  deceased  gentleman  was  better  known  to  that  section  of  our 
readers  who  are  interested  in  tramway  matters  by  reason  of  his 
being  managing    director    of    our    esteemed    contemporary,   the 


Tramway  and  Ilailway  l\'orld.  For  m»ny  y<ani  h«r  carri«d  on 
bunincHi)  an  a  troiiiway  wlvcrtlninif  contractor  with  braxiche*  in 
various  citieo,  but  in  IS'tU  he  aii(io<;int<'d  himiielf  with  other*  in  the 
entabliHhnientof  the  j  ii|i<-r  mentioned  alxjve,  niiliM'queritly  a(r|ulrinir 
a  controlling  intiTCKt  anrl  U-coiiiiii(f  itn  munnieiuu  dirictor.  The 
Tramway  and  Light  luilwuy  Exhibitionn  held  mm<;  yearM  aifo  ftt 
the  AKricultural  Hull,  iHlington,  were  mainly  due  to  hin  cnt*rpriiie 
and  oiganihing  geniun,  and  in  other  conntctionn  both  the  Municipal 
Tramways  Association  and  the  Tramway*  and  Light  Railway* 
Association  have  paid  a  tribute  to  the  useful  services  rendered  by 
Mr.  Courtenay  to  tie  tramway  industry.  For  s<ime  years  he  bad 
suffered  from  a  heart  affection,  but  he  bore  up  under  this  burden 
with  remarkable  bravery.  For  years  he  ha<l  faced  imminent 
death  without  the  Ipast  complaint.  Latterly,  however,  he  had 
appeared  to  be  in  better  health,  and  his  death  at  the  age  of  only 
."<i;  years,  came  as  a  shock  to  all.  Those  who  were  so  long  associated 
with  him  in  the  offices  of  our  contemporary,  will  greatly  miss  a 
personal  friend,  for  he  was  a  man  of  exceptional  charm  to  his 
intimates.  To  these  we  extend  the  sympathy  of  ronfrrres.  We 
understand  that  Mr.  Courtenay 's  death  will  not  entail  any  change 
in  the  policy  or  staff  of  the  paper,  and  that  his  advertising 
business  had  recently  been  converted  into  a  limited  liability  com- 
pany, under  the  style  of  J.  W.  Courtenay,  Ltd.,  and  it  will  be  con- 
tinued as  before. 

A  number  of  our  readers  will,  we  are  sure,  desire  to  associate 
themselves  with  us  in  expressing  sympathy  with  Mr.  W.  S.  Foale, 
engineer  and  manager  of  the  Portsmouth  Corporation  electricity 
works,  in  his  bereavement.  His  wife  passed  away  on  Monday  laat, 
after  an  illness  of  some  weeks. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Electrical   Eiife'Iuecring   and   Motor  Co.  (Carlisle),  Ltd. 

(129,213).— This  company  was  registered  on  May  2«th,  with  a  capital  o(  .£3,0CO 
in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on  the  business  of  automobile  ergineers  and  store  and 
garage  keepers,  suppliers  of  electricity  and  other  motive  power  for  motors, 
motor-engines,  motor-boats,  flying  machines,  carriages,  4c.,  and  to  adopt  an 
agreement  with  C.  Armstrong  Lamb  and  W.  R.  Ai  nutrong  Lamb.  The  sub- 
scribers (with  one  share  each)  are :— C.  Atmstrotg  Ltimb,  Lowther  Street, 
Carlisle,  electrical  engineer;  W.  R.  A.  Lamb,  Lcwlbor  Street,  Carlisle,  elec- 
trical engineer ;  A.  Castigbone,  Lowther  Street,  Carlisle,  motor  engineer, 
Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  three  or 
more  than  five;  Annstrong  Lamb  is  first  managing  director.  Solicitors,  E, 
and  Kighley  J.  Hough,  Carlisle.  Registered  by  UocrisOD  &  Powell, 5,  Baymond 
Builoings,  Gray's  Inn,  W.C. 

Beatson  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (129,208).— This  company  was  registered 

on  May  28th,  with  a  capital  of  £3,0C0  in  £1  shares,  to  take  over  the  business  of 
anelectrical  engineer,  carried  on  by  B.  Btatson  at  14,  Waingate,  fchtffleld, 
and  76,  Fredeiick  Street,  Rolherham.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  tacb) 
are:— H.  Beatson,  5,  Owleiton  Green,  Sheffield,  electrical  engineer;  H.  A. 
HoUiday,  8,  Park  View  Road,  Sheffield,  secretary.  Private  company.  The 
numbar  of  directois  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  five;  the  first 
are  H.  Btatson  (permanent)  and  others  to  be  appointed  by  the  subsciibers; 
quahflcalion,  £50;  remuneration  as  fixed  by  the  company.  Solicitor,  B. 
Aryton,  17,  Bank  btreet,  Sheffield.  Registered  by  Jordan  a  Sons,  Ltd.,  116  17, 
Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

"Wireless    Electric    Light    Co.,    Ltd.    (129,284).— Registered 

May  30th,  by  H.  G.  Campion  &  Co.,  23,  Old  Broad  Street,  EC.  Capital, 
£75,000  in  70,000  ordinary  "A"  shares  of  £1  each,  and  lOO.OCO  ordinary  ••  B  " 
shares  of  Is.  each.  Objects  :  To  carry  on  the  business  of  electric  lighting  and 
general  engineers  and  contractors,  suppliers  of  electricity,  manufacturers  of 
and  dealers  in  electric,  magnetic,  galvanic  and  other  apparatus,  Ac,  and  to 
adopt  an  ageement  between  0.  Maikiewicz,  M.  J.  btoeck,  and  R.  H. 
Markiewicz  of  the  one  part,  and  J.  L.  Gilmore  of  the  other  part.  The 
signatories  (with  one  share  each)  are  :— E.  Wilding,  22,  Mildmay  Chambers, 
7,  Union  Court,  B.C.,  chartered  accountant;  J.  L.  Gilmore,  6,  Broad  Street 
Place,  E.G.,  merchant;  R.  Lee,  Belaugh,  Woodmansterne  Road,  Purley, 
engineer;  L.  Perry,  16,  Sunderland  Terrace,  Westboume  Gardens,  W.,  engi- 
neer ;  E.  R.  Baines,  Green  Street  Green,  Orpington,  accountant ;  W.  B. 
Bannerman,  i,  The  Waldrens,  Croydon,  secretary;  T.  H.  Browton,  23,  Old 
Broad  Street,  E.G.,  clerk.  Minimum  cash  subscription,  100  ordinary  "A" 
shares,  The  first  directors  (to  number  not  less  than  three  or  more  than  seven) 
are  E.  Wilding,  J.  L.  Gilmore,  and  M.  Stoeck.  No  qualification  required  till 
nine  months  after  statutory  meeting  ;  afterwards  £100  (managing  director 
excepted) ;  remuneration  (except  managing  director),  £200  each  per  annum 
(chairman,  £250),  and  2J  per  cent,  of  the  net  profits,  after  10 per  cent,  dividend 
is  paid,  divided  between  them.    Registered  office,  6,  Broad  Street  Place,  E.C. 

Morris  &  Lister  (London),  Ltd.  (129,269).— This  company  was 

registered  on  May  30i,h,  with  a  capital  of  £3.000  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on  the 
business  of  agents  for,  and  dealers  in,  electrical  and  engineering  machinery  and 
plant,  electricians,  engineers,  suppliers  of  electricity,  4o.,  and  to  adopt  as 
agreement  with  Morris  &  Lister,  Ltd.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each) 
are  :— F.  J.  Bakewell,  Northcliffe,  St.  Margaret's  Bay,  Dover,  engineer;  P.  A. 
Lanbach,  26,  West  End  Lane,  West  Hampstead,  11. W.  Private  company. 
The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  three  .  the 
first  are  P.  J.  Bakewell  and  D.  J.  Morris.  Registered  office,  3  and  4,  Palace 
Chambers,  Bridge  Street,  Westminster. 

W.  E.  L.,  Ltd.  (129,282). — This  company  was  repistered  on 
May  SOth,  with  a  capital  of  £2,000  in  Is.  shares,  to  carry  on  the  business  of 
electric  lighting  and  general  electiical  engineers  and  contractors,  suppliers  of 
electricity,  carriers  ol  passengers  and  goods,  .So.  The  subscribers  (with  one 
share  each)  are  ;— J.  L.  Gilmore,  6,  Broad  Street  Place,  EC,  merchant;  S, 
Wilding,  22,  Mildmay  Chambers,  7,  Union  Court,  B.C.,  chartered  accountant. 
Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  more  than  five  ;  th« 
first  are  not  named  ;  remuneration,  £10  each  per  annum  (chairman  £16). 
Registered  office,  6,  Broad  Street  Place,  E.C. 

Magnetaire,   Ltd.   (129.366).  —  This  company  was  resistered 

on  June  4th,  with  a  capital  of  £100  in  Is  shares,  to  take  over  the  bu!-ine»3  of 
therapeutis'ts  and  manufarture  s  of  and  dealers  in  electrical  and  magnetic 
applianies  carried  on  by  W.  Light  and  A.  W.  Light,  as  "Crpson.  Garrati  and 
Co.,"  at  11  and  12,  Finsbuiy  tquare,  E.C.  The  subscribers  (with  one  thare 
each)  are:— W.  Light,  '■  Lutterworth,"  Surrendon  Road,  Biighton,  publisher; 
A.  W.  Light,  3,  Priory  Road,  West  Hampstead,  N.W.,  medical  electrician. 
Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more 
than  five  ;  the  first  are  W.  Light  and  A.  W,  Light,  Registered  office,  11  and 
12,  Finabury  Square,  E.C. 


994 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,8."5,  June  i:t,  191.'t. 


CITY    NOTES. 


Bombay  Electric  Sapplj  and  Tramwajs  Co,,  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  that  the  total  revenue  for  the  year  to 
December  31st  from  all  soarcefi.  including'  the  amount  represented 
by  sale  of  current  to  the  tramways,  amounted  to  £2.5ri,6".'9,  an 
increase  of  -t  17. .394.  or  7  27  per  cent,  over  the  previous  year.  The 
total  expenditure  (says  the  /"/flrtHciV/O  amounted  to  1 128,017,  an 
increase  of  C2,292,  or  1\S2  per  cent.,  compared  with  1911.  The  net 
profit  from  the  year's  working,  which  asrprefrated  £123,082,  shows 
an  increase  of  £15,101,  or  13'28  per  cent.  After  deductintr  interest 
on  the  debenture  debt,  amounting  to  £3(1,452,  placin?  £22,000  to 
depreciation  account,  and  £(>.548  to  sinking:  fund  for  capital 
redemption,  there  remains  £03,682,  plus  £7,385  brought  forward, 
making:  an  available  total  of  £71,067.  The  directors  recommend 
that  this  sum  should  be  applied  to  dividend  on  the  6  per  cent, 
cumulative  preference  shares,  and  a  dividend  on  the  ordinary  shares 
at  the  rate  of  .I  per  cent,  per  annum,  £30.000,  leaving:  to  be 
carried  forward  £5,072.  The  tramway  traffic  receipts,  which 
amounted  to  £161,013,  compare  with  £157,807  for  the  previous 
year.  The  working:  expenses  in  Bombay  amounted  to  £78,842, 
airainst  £74.449.  The  balance  of  receipts  over  expenses  in  respect 
of  the  year's  working:  is  £84.820,  compared  with  £86,074  for  the 
previous  year.  The  tramway  receipts  for  the  previous  year  received 
an  abnormal  increase  from  the  additional  traffic  which  resulted 
from  the  Royal  visit  to  Bombay  in  December,  1911.  The  receipts 
for  the  last  three  months  of  1912  suffered  from  the  refusal  of  the 
Corporation  to  continue  the  increase  in  some  of  the  long:-distance 
fares  to  which  it  had  accorded  temporary  sanction  during  the 
preceding:  2J  years.  On  the  other  hand,  the  expenses  in  1912  were 
swelled  by  the  thorough  overhaul  of  the  company's  rolling-stock 
then  undertaken.  The  gross  receipts  from  electric  supply  for  the 
year,  including  the  amount  represented  by  the  sale  of  current  to 
the  tramways,  amount  to  £91,413,  compared  with  170  530  for  the 
preceding  year.  The  working  expenses  were  £45,083,  against 
£48,204  for  the  previous  year.  The  receipts,  exclusive  of  the 
revenue  represented  by  the  current  supplied  for  the  tramways, 
amount  to  £61,402,  compared  with  £47,895  for  1911.  The  balance 
of  £45,730,  as  the  result  of  the  year's  operations,  compares  with  a 
balance  of  £28  260  for  1911. 


llnminiQiu  Corporation,  Ltd. 

The  directors'  report  for  the  12  months  ending  December  31st, 
1912,  states  that  the  operations  of  the  company  were  subject  to 
many  adverse  factors,  but  a  net  profit  is  shown  for  the  first  time 
in  the  history  of  the  company.  The  coal  and  transport  strikes 
caused  very  serious  inconvenience  and  loss,  and  the  abnormal 
depression  in  the  price  of  the  metal  which  prevailed  until  towards 
the  end  of  1912,  naturally  militated  against  a  more  successful  work- 
ing. The  completion  of  the  new  carbon  works  at  Dolgarrog  has 
been  considerably  retarded  by  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  the  necessary 
building  material.  The  machinery  and  plant  having  been  maintained 
in  a  high  state  of  efficiency  out  of  revenue,  it  is  not  deemed  necessary 
in  the  present  accounts  to  make  any  provision  for  depreciation. 
An  arrangement  has  been  completed  with  the  British  Aluminium 
Co.,  Ltd..  whereby  that  company  has  acquired  a  substantial  interest 
in  the  Bauxite  Refining  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  exten- 
sions at  present  being  made  to  these  works  will  prove  to  be  of 
considerable  advantage  to  the  Corporation.  Mr.  A.  F.  Bott  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  board  in  January  last. 


Stock  Kvchanffe  Xotices. — The  Committee  have 
ordered  the  undermentioned  securities  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official 
List  :— 

CoDsolidfkted  Diesel  Engine  Mannfsctarers,  Ltd. — Farther  issae  of  4,413 
shares  o(  £1  each,  fully  paid  (Nos.  294  547  to  598,959);  aod  100,000  venders' 
shares  of  £1  each,  fully  paid  (Nos.  427,077  to  527,076i. 

Consolidated  Gas,  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  of  Baltimore.— Further 
Issue  of  84(M,nOO  general  mortgage  ii.  per  cent.  SO^year  gold  bonds  of  ?1,000 
each  (Nos.  9  362  to  i),7(;5). 

London  and  Suburban  Traction  Co  ,  Ltd. — 1,411,409  ordinary  shares  of  £1 
each,  fully  paid  (Nos.  1  to  1,411,409) ;  1,018,1785  per  cent,  cumulative  preference 
shares  of  £1  each,  folly  paid  (Nos.  1  to  1,018,176) ;  and  £144,441  4^  per  cent,  flrst 
mortgage  debenture  stock. 

River  Plate  Electricity  Co.,  Ltd. — Farther  issue  of  £30,000  ordinary  stock. 

Underground  Electric  Railways  Co,  of  London,  Ltd.— 21  000  additional 
shares  of  £10  each,  fully  paid  (Nos.  7,201  to  8,200  and  2C.793  to  46,792). 

Victoria  Falls  and  Transvaal  Power  Co.,  Ltd  -  £1.000,000  EA  per  cent,  second 
mortgage  debentures.  Series  "  A  "  (Nos.  1  to  9,(>10  of  £100,  and  9,6>1  to  11,440  of 
£20  each),  in  lieu  of  the  scrip. 

Applications  were  made  to  the  Committee  (1)  to  appoint  a 
special  settling  day  in  and  to  grant  a  (|notation  to  : — 

Bra;<ilian  Traction,  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— 100,0006  percent,  cumalative 
preference  shares  of  $100  each,  fully  paid. 

And  allow  the  following  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official  List : — 
Montreal  Tramways   Co.— Further  issue  of   $2,890,000  first  and   refunding 

mortgage  5  per  cent.  30-year  gold  bonds,  Nos.  Dl,047  to  1,21()  ($500)  and  M9,923 

to  12,712(81,000). 

India-Kobher,  Gntta-Percha  and  Telf(rrapli  Works 

Co.,  Ltd. — A  half-yearly  meeting  will  be  held  at  100,  Cannon 
Street,  E.C.,  on  24th  inst.,  at  11.30  o'clock  a.m.  Dividends  are 
proposed  as  follows  : — Preference  shares,  5s.  per  share,  less  income- 
tax,  being  half-yearly  dividend  due  on  July  Ist,  at  the  rate  of  6 
per  cent,  per  annum.  Ordinary  shares,  5s.  per  share,  free  of 
income-ta.T,  being  an  interim  dividend  of  2  J  per  cent. 

Provincial  Tramways  Co. — An  interim  dividend  of  8d. 

per  share  on  the  ordinary  shares  is  announced  for  the  half-year 
ended  March  3 let. 


The  American  Westinj^hoase  Electric  and  Mann- 

factnrin^  Co.— The  report  for  the  year  ended  March  31st,  1913 
as  abstracted  in  the  Financial  JVetis,  states  that  the  sales  billed 
for  the  year  were  in  excess  of  any  previous  year  in  the  history  of 
the  company.  The  ratio  of  manufacturing  profit  to  sales  billed 
increased  over  last  year,  but  unusually  keen  competition  in  all  the 
company's  activities  prevailed  and  still  continues.  The  value  of 
unfilled  orders  as  of  -March  3l8t,  1912,  was  98,137,901  and  as  of 
March  31st,  1913,  $12,001,473.  The  surplus  as  of  March  Slst.  1912, 
was  $6,648,964.  This  balance  was  increased,  by  the  net  income 
for  the  year  and  various  items  detailed  in  the  statement  of  profit 
and  loss,  to  a  gross  surplus  of  $9,932,203.  .Against  this  surplus 
have  been  charged  dividends  declared  during  the  year  on  the  pre- 
ference stock  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum  ($279.!i09),  three 
dividends  of  1  per  cent.  each,  aggregating  Sl,053,6(")0,  on  the 
common  stock,  and  miscellaneous  charges  totalling  $283,187.  These 
charges  reduced  the  surplus  to  $8,315,442.  against  which  depre- 
ciations of  investments,  aggregating  $966,919  were  written  off, 
leaving  the  surplus  as  of  March  31st.  1913,  shown  in  the  same 
balance-sheet,  of  $7,348,522.  So  far  as  the  foreign  companies  are 
concerned,  while  further  depreciation  is  possible  in  some  of  them, 
it  will  probably  be  more  than  offset  by  the  appreciation  of  others  ; 
so  that,  after  the  final  adjustment  resulting  from  liquidation  of 
the  Russian  company,  it  is  believed  that,  under  existing  conditions, 
their  aggregate  book  value  will  be  a  fair  actual  value.  The  four- 
year  notes  issued  under  the  plan  for  the  discharge  of  the  re- 
ceivers of  the  company  matured  January  lat,  1913,  and  were  paid. 

Electric  and  General  Investment   Co,,   Ltd. — The 

directors  recommend  the  following  dividends  for  the  year  ended 
May  31st : — Ordinary  shares,  the  full  dividend  of  2a.  per  share, 
being  10  per  cent,  per  annum,  of  which  Is.  per  share  was  paid  on 
a'jcount  in  January,  leaving  Is.  per  share  to  be  now  distributed  ; 
deferred  shares,  a  dividend  of  6d.  per  share. 

.1.  G.  White  iV:  Co..  Ltd.— The  directors  have 
declared  a  dividend  of  6  per  cent.,  less  income-tax,  on  the  cumu- 
lative preferred  shares  for  the  half-year  to  February  28th.  making 
12  per  cent,  for  the  year,  and  a  dividend  of  0  per  cent ,  less  income- 
tax,  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the  half-year  to  February  28th, 
making  12  per  cent,  for  the  year,  and  an  extra  dividend  of  10s.  j)er 
share,  less  income-tax,  on  the  ordinary  shares  for  the  year  to 
February  28th,  making  a  total  of  02  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  share 
capital. — Fi  nu  ncier. 

Prospectus. — Midland  Eleclric  Corporation  for  Power 
BiKtrihiition,  Ltd. — The  list  was  to  close  yesterday  in  an  issue  of 
£400,000  5  per  cent,  first  mortgage  debenture  stock,  which  is 
guaranteed  absolutely  as  to  principal  and  interest  by  the  British 
Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.  The  matter  was  referred  to  in 
the  report  of  the  meeting  of  the  latter  company  recently.  The  pre- 
sent issue  is  made  to  replace  the  whole  of  the  company's  outstantiing 
debentures,  amounting  to  £250,ii(i0,  and  to  provide  the  additional 
capital  required  for  its  extended  and  rapidly-extending  business. 
After  providing  for  the  replacement  of  such  debentures,  and  for  the 
payment  to  the  British  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd..  of 
£92.000  or  thereabouts  (being  the  estimated  cost  up  to  June 
30th,  1913,  of  the  new  turbo  and  other  extensions),  the  present 
issue  will  provide  -C 58,000  in  cash  for  the  general  purposes  of  the 
company,  including  further  extensions,  and  for  the  expenses  of 
this  issue. 

Pnlford  Bros.,  Ltd. — The  fifteenth  annual  meeting 
was  held  at  the  office,  ICs,  Whitechapel,  Liverpool,  on  June  .'■>th. 
We  are  informed  that  Mr.  Egerton  G.  Pulford,  who  presided, 
reported  that  the  business  during  the  past  year  again  showed  a 
satisfactory  increase.  Resolutions  declaring  a  dividend  of  'iO  per 
cent.,  free  of  income-tax  for  the  year  ended  March  31st  last,  and 
carrying  the  balance  to  reserve  account,  were  passed.  The  chairman 
also  reported  that  a  contract  had  been  signed  to  purchase  106 
and  108,  Whitechapel,  with  a  view  to  rebuilding  the  preniises  to 
suit  the  growth  of  the  company's  business.  At  an  extraordinary 
general  meeting  held  immediately  afterwards  it  was  resolved  to 
increase  the  capital  by  issuing  3,000  0  per  cent,  cumulative 
preference  shares  of  £1  each. 

Bahia  Tramway,  Light  and  Power   Co. — Sir  \Vm. 

Plender  presided  at  a  meeting  of  the  holders  of  the  ■''  per  cent, 
.'id-year  first  mortgage  gold  debentures"  held  at  Winchester  House, 
E.C.,  on  .'ith  inst.,  when  the  contract  for  the  sale  of  the  company's 
properties  to  the  municipality  of  Bahia  was  ratified.  Bondholders 
receive  approximately  i:'<S  for  each  •*5ii0  debenture. 

Official  Announcements  re  Companies,  —  The  fol- 
lowing companies  have  been  struck  off  the  Register,  and  are 
accordingly  dissolved  :— 

Bartitsu  Light  Cure  Institute. 
Carnarvonshire  Electric  Traction  Syndicate. 
Empire  Electric  Light  and  Power  Uo. 
Improved  Electric  Supplies. 

Unless  cause  is  shown  to  the  contrary,  the  following  companies 
will  be  struck  off  the  Register  at  the  expiration  of  three  months  — 
Hnste  Pump  Co. 

Midgley's  Electro-Therapeutical  Co.,  Ltd. 
Motor  Traction  Co.  (1905),  Ltd. 

Victoria  Fails    and  Transvaal  Power  Co.,  Ltd. — 

The  directors  have  declared  a  dividend  on  the  preference  shares  at 
the  rate  of  0  per  cent,  per  annum  for  the  year  ended  December  31st, 
1911. 

Western  Teleirraph  Co.,  Ltd. — Third  quarterly  interim 

dividend  of  3a.  per  share,  free  of  income-tax,  for  the  year  ending 
June  30th,  1913,  being  at  the  rate  of  0  per  cent,  per  annum, 


11 


Vol.72.    No.  l,8:,r,,  Junk  i:t,  191.S.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW, 


'J96 


British  Electric  Traction  Co.,   Ltd. 

TuK  ilirectoTB'  report,  which  is  to  ho  Hubmitted  at  the  annual  niect- 
intr  at  the  Ilolborn  IlcHtaurant,  on  Monday,  .hino  ir>t>i,  Htatea  that 
during' the  year  ended  March  HlHt,  lOK),  irood  pro(frtHH  haH  been 
made  by  the  AsHOciated  (j'onipar;es  in  rcy-ard  to  tramway  tradic,  the 
Bale  of  electricity  for  li(fht  and  power  purpofCH,  motor-oninibuH 
nervicep,  and  in  other  renpectB.  The  total  tradic  receipts  on  the 
lines  which  were  in  operation  both  last  year  and  the;  proccdinjf 
ypar  show  an  increase  for  last  year  of  £f)l,lil7,  and  the  number  of 
paBBcnprers  carried  an  increase  of  i:!,C07,818.  The  atrarreifatc  traffic 
receipts  were  JE1,7I'.»,246,  as  compared  with  t;l,770,7ls  for  l!ill,a 
decrease  of  .C21,502.  The  aprRrei^ate  of  paseenpers  carried  also 
shows  a  small  decrease,  but  these  decreases  are  due  to  the  com- 
pany's intereet  in  several  undortakinffs  havintj  been  dis- 
posed of.  The  electricity  supply  receipts  amount  to  JE35:i,002, 
an  increase  of  JE.'iS.rn;!  as  compared  with  1911.  The 
directors  consider  that  the  increases  in  the  (jross  receipts  from 
both  the  trallic  and  electricity  supply  branches  of  the  business 
are  satisfactory,  but  they  renret  that  the  net  profits  of  the 
Associated  Companies  have  not  increased  proportionately  to  the 
larjfer  volume  of  business.  The  coal  strike,  the  strike  of  transport 
workers  and  other  labour  troubles,  have  abnormally  increased  the 
cost  of  fuel,  materials  and  stores  of  all  kinds. 

"The  directors  have  for  some  time  past  felt  that  the  advent  of 
the  modern  and  improved  motor-omnibus  would  still  further  dis- 
courage the  extension  of  tramways  and  light  railways  in  Great 
Britain,  and  in  some  cases  would  have  an  important  bearing  on  the 
profits  of  existing  undertakings.  There  is  a  large  scope  for  the 
employment  of  motor-omnibuses,  especially  in  London,  where  the 
tramways  do  not,  as  is  the  case  in  provincial  town.«,  serve  the 
central  and  most  populous  areas,  while  in  the  provinces  the  cost  of 
permanent  way  for  tramways  to  serve  outlying  and  sparsely 
populated  places  is  not  justified  under  existing  legislative  conditions. 
The  Associated  Companies  have  accordingly  taken  steps  to  provide  a 
number  of  motor-omnibuses  for  working  in  connection  with  their 
tramways,  and  the  British  Automobile  Traction  Co.,  which  is 
practically  owned  by  this  company,  is  establishing  and  developing 
motor-omnibus  systems  in  districts  not  served  by  tramways  and 
light  railways.  It  is  the  policy  of  that  company  to  assist  local 
undertakings  and  to  work  in  co-operation  with  local  authorities  and 
railway  companies."  The  directors  go  on  to  refer  to  arrangements 
made  with  the  L.  G.  Omnibus  Co.  in  regard  to  motor-omnibus  and 
other  traction  business  in  London  and  the  provinces,  and  to  the 
formation  of  the  London  and  Suburban  Traction  Co. 
■  The  last-named  company  will  control  123  miles  of  line,  and  several 
important  electricity  supply  undertakings,  and  will  operate,  either 
directly  or  through  its  Associated  Companies,  about  380  motor- 
umnibuses.  The  British  Automobile  Traction  Co.  is  also  operating  a 
Heet  of  motor-omnibuses  in  Loudon  and  the  suburbs. 

The  British  Canadian  Power  Co.,  in  which  as  stated  in  the  last 
report  the  company  had  taken  an  important  participation,  has 
during  the  year  been  amalgamated  with  the  Northern  Ontario  Light 
md  Power  Co.,  by  means  of  an  exchange  of  bonds  and  common  stock 
3f  the  British  Canadian  Power  Co.  for  bonds,  preference  stock 
ind  common  stock  of  the  Northern  Ontario  Light  and  Power  Co. 
rhe  latter  company  has  an  issued  share  and  debenture  capital  of  over 
ll,.')Ou,000  dols.,  and  is  the  only  company  supplying  electric  power, 
sompressed  air  and  electric  light  in  Cobalt  and  the  surrounding 
iistricts.  The  yield  on  the  company's  holding  shows  a  good  return 
>n  the  cost  at  which  it  stands  in  the  books  of  the  company, 
^.rrangements  have  been  completed  for  the  formation  of  a  syndicate, 
n  which  the  company  has  retained  a  substantial  participation,  for 
providing  additional  capital  for  the  Maritime  Coal  Railway  and 
Power  Co.  in  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia.  The  reports  of  the  com- 
jany's  representatives  and  other  experts  who  have  examined  the 
jroperty  are  favourable.  The  company  has  in  conjunction  with 
Jrazilian  interests  formed  the  Rio  Grandense  Light  and  Power 
Syndicate,  Ltd.,  with  a  subscribed  capital  of  £100,000.  The 
lyndicate  has  contracted  to  purchase  the  concession  for  electric 
iramways,  lighting  and  power  in  the  town  of  Pelotas  in  the  Province 
)f  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Brazil,  and  the  works  are  now  under  con- 
itraction.  The  syndicate  has  also  obtained  options  upon  other 
ilectrical  undertakings  in  the  same  district. 

Negotiations  are  proceeding  with  regard  to  the  establishment  of 
•ther  undertakings  in  England  and  abroad.  The  cost  of  these 
legotiations  has  been  included  in  the  expenses  of  the  year  and 
lebited  to  revenue  account. 

The  Electrical  and  Industrial  Investment  Co.  is  now  established 
vith  a  subscribed  share  and  debenture  capital  of  £480,000. 

Increased  dividends  have  been  paid  by  the  following  companies, 
'iz. :  Airdrie  and  Coatbridge  Tramways,  Auckland  Electric  Tram- 
ways, Birkdale  District  Electric  Supply,  Birmingham  District 
'ower  and  Traction,  Bombay  Electric  Supply  and  Tramwrys, 
)evonport  and  District  Tramways,  Gateshead  and  District  Tram- 
ways, Greenock  and  Port  Glasgow  Tramways,  North  Metropolitan 
Slectric  Power  Supply,  Tramways  and  Light  Railways  Estates,  and 
rorkshire  (Woollen  District)  Tramways,  and  several  other 
Lssociated  Companies  show  improved  results.  There  are,  however, 
I  few  companies  which  show  diminished  profits.  The  investments 
nd  undertakings  of  the  company  have  in  several  instances  been 
aaterially  improved  as  the  result  of  negotiations  and  agreements 
with  local  authorities  and  in  other  ways  which  are  not  reflected 
tt  the  present  accounts.  The  work  done  by  the  Federation  for  the 
LSSociated  Companies  is  proving  of  great  advantage  in  such  matters 
f  common  interest  as  mutual  insurances,  rating  and  assess- 
nents,  collective  purchases  of  stores,  the  securing  of  advertise- 
lents  on  cars  and  the  development  of  parcels  carrying  business. 
)nring  the  year  the  company's  interest  in  the  Leamington  and 
Warwick  Electrical  Co.  has  been  sold  for  cash,  and  the  Hartlepool 


Klectric  Tram wayn  Cn  ban  >M'en  liquidated  on  itali:  lit  the  tmm wmys  to 
the  Corporation.  The  difference  l,»tween  the  amountn  at  which  tbt 
invcHtmentH  stood  in  thi-  Uiokn  of  the  company  and  the  proceed*  of 
theno  Hales  ban  l)een  debiU'd  to  reserve. 

The  groHH  profit  for  the  year  amounts  to  i;2IO  880,  ax  compared 
with  £iy.-.,010  for  l!»ll  12.  After  deducting  mmiBgement  ex- 
penses and  other  charges,  including  the  expenditure  durlnir  the 
year  on  surveys  and  negotintions  in  regard  to  new  buHinem,  there 
rtmains  a  balance  of  <;1h;»,7I2  pluH  £10,7.11  brought  forward. 
After  deducting  debenture  stock  interest,  £'.(1,807.  th( re  remafnii  a 
balance  of  £108, c,.-,:.  The  revenue  account  ha«  Jxen  debited  with 
£7,7:i2,  being  the  amount  reserved  againi-t  or  writt*  ii  off  variooH 
assets.  This  include,-;  £l,iiOO  in  renpat  of  goorlwill,  which  item 
now  disappfars  from  the  a(;countH,  and  K  1  ,.100  in  respect  of  previooa 
expenditure  on  surveys  and  negotiations,  reducing  that  item  in  the 
balance-sheet  to  the  nominal  amount  of  £1,000.  The  directors 
have  in  addition  placed  £40,imi()  to  reserve  for  depreciation,  and 
they  recommend  the  payment  of  the  dividend  for  the  year  upon  the 
6  per  cent,  cumulative  preference  stock  and  a  dividend  of  3  per 
cent,  upon  the  7  per  cent,  non-cumulative  preference  stock,  together 
amounting  to  <;48,4:fl,  carrying  forward  *;12,  l'j:(.  During  the 
year  the  directors  purchased  in  the  market  and  cancelled  £5,100 
■)  per  cent,  perpetual  debenture  stock  and  £18,26.'j  li  percent, 
second  debenture  stock  of  the  company.  The  outstanding  deben- 
ture stocks  have  been  reduced  by  these  amounts  and  the  difference  of 
C4,3r)8  between  the  nominal  value  and  the  purchase  price  has  been 
added  to  reserve.  Investments  and  undertakings,  after  deductings 
the  reserve  for  depreciation,  stand  at  £4,690,0.".3.  The  yield  for  the 
past  year  was  4  11  per  cent,  as  compared  with  ;i  77  per  cent,  for  the 
preceding  year  on  t4,C!tr),103.  Investments  which  stood  in  the  books 
at  March  Hist,  1912,  at  a  cost  of  £472,994  were  realised  during  the 
year,  while  investments  were  acquired  during  the  year  which  stand 
in  the  books  at  £404,185. 

The  reserve  against  depreciation  of  investments  has  been  in- 
creased by  £4,308  in  respect  of  debenture  stocks  purchased  and 
cancelled  ;  by  £9,115  profit  on  sale  of  sundry  investments,  and  also 
by  £40,000  transferred  out  of  the  profits  of  the  past  year.  The 
reserve  has  been  debited  with  £124,759,  being  the  deficiency  in 
book  value  on  realisation  of  the  Leamington  and  Hartlepool  under- 
takings above  referred  to,  fale  of  Consols  and  other  investments, 
and  sundry  investments  written  off.  The  balance  at  credit  of  this 
account  is  now  £5."i2,457,  which  amount  is  shown  in  the  balance- 
sheet  as  a  deduction  from  the  amount  at  which  the  investments 
and  undertakings  stand  in  the  books.  There  are  additional  reserves 
against  specific  assets  of  £04,299,  and  a  balance  carried  forward 
amounting  to  £12,493.  The  reserves  of  the  Associated  Companies, 
including  the  balances  carried  forward,  amounted  at  December. 
1912,  to  £1,128,444. 


Imperial   Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  as  follows  for  the  year  ended  December  Slst 
last. 

Middlesbrough,  Stockton  and  Thornaby  Electric  Tramways. — 
The  gross  receipts  were  £56,719,  as  compared  with  £50,686  for  the 
preceding  year,  an  increase  of  £33.  Passengers  carried  were 
11,214,750,  against  11,221,028,  a  decrease  of  6,878.  Net  profit 
£17,413,  as  compared  with  £i:i,305.  The  work  of  reconstructing 
the  permanent  way  has  been  continued,  with  the  result  that  during 
the  last  two  years  two-thirds  of  the  track  has  been  re-laid.  The 
reconstruction  of  the  remaming  portions  is  being  proceeded  with, 
and  it  is  expected  that  the  work  will  be  completed  by  the  end  of 
the  summer. 

The  working  of  the  Corris  Railway  Co.'s  undertaking  shows  an 
increase  in  net  profit  of  £34. 

The  scheme  for  the  consolidation  of  the  interests  of  the  London 
United  Tramways  with  those  of  other  companies  is  referred  to. 

The  opportunity  having  offered  of  disposing  of  a  portion  of  the 
company's  investment  in  the  London  United  Tramways,  Ltd.,  the 
directors  decided  to  reduce  the  holding  in  that  company  by  selling 
20,000  shares  out  of  the  44,446  .')  percent.  £10  preference  shares. 
They  hope  to  obtain  an  improved  return  upon  the  re-investment 
of  the  sum  thus  realised,  whilst  it  is  anticipated  that  the  amount 
remaining  in  the  London  and  Suburban  Traction  Co.,  Ltd.,  will 
contribute  its  quota  to  the  future  revenue. 

The  scheme  of  arrangement  has  received  the  sanction  of  the 
High  Court,  and  accordingly  the  arrears  of  dividend  on  the  prefer- 
ence shares  to  December  Slst,  1911,  have  been  cancelled  and  the 
ordinary  shareholders  have  relinquished  their  exclusive  rights  to 
the  ordinary  shares  dividend  fund,  which  wOl  in  future  form  part 
of  the  dividends  equalisation  fund  applicable  to  maintenance  of  the 
dividends  on  both  preference  and  ordinary  share  capital.  It  has 
been  deemed  advisable  to  write  down  the  investment  in  the 
London  United  Co.,  and  £85,000  has  been  transferred  from  the 
reser.e  fund  for  renewals  and  contingencies  for  that  purpose.  The 
reserve  funds  will  therefore  now  stand  as  follows  :— For  renewals 
and  contingencies,  £23,872  ;  for  Middlesbrough  S.  &  T.  renewals 
fund,  £11,500  ;  for  dividends  equalisation  fund,  £29,750. 

In  view  of  the  various  changes,  information  will  doubtless  be 
desired  as  to  the  future  prospects  of  the  company,  and  the  directors 
therefore  state  that  in  their  opinion  the  shareholders  may  now 
look  for  the  regular  payment  of  the  preference  dividend  and  the 
maintenance  of  at  least  4  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  share  capital, 
and  in  arriving  at  this  conclusion  they  have  only  taken  into 
account  the  receipt  of  dividends  on  the  preference  portion  c  f  the 
holding  in  the  London  and  Suburban  Traction  Co.,  though  there  is 
no  reason  to  doubt  the  statement  made  by  the  new  company  that 
there  will  also  be  a  fair  return  upon  its  ordinary  share  capital. 


996 


THE    ELECTRICAL    KEVIEW.        [Voi.  7?.  No.  i.s.ss,  june  i\  1913. 


The  revenue  account  for  the  year  shows  an  a\  ailable  amount  of 
£24^56,  and  after  payment  of  interest  on  debenture  stock  for  the 
whole  year  there  is  a  balance,  including  £7,678  brought  forward, 
of  £19.221,  which  the  directors  recommend  should  be  appropriated 
as  follows  : — Dividend  at  6  per  cent,  for  the  year  on  the  preference 
capital,  £11.300;  dividend  at  4  per  cent,  for  the  year  on  the 
ordinary  capital,  £7,5.33,  carrying  forward  £388. 


.i692,7&l 

.*84,276 

£147,401 

£17,931 

40,736,20-2 
7.079.175 

C,C74,064 
721,118 

I  Dited  Electric  Tramways  of  Monte  Video,  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  for  the  year  to  March  Slst,  191:^,  contains  the 
followinp  particulars  of  results  of  the  operation  of  the  tramway 
system  for  the  year  to  October  3l8t,  1912  (the  fiijcal  year  of  the 
T'rupuayan  Co.)  : — 

Increase  over 
191112.  1910-11. 

Qrcss  receipts  .         .        81.627,636  8224,436 

Operating  expenses  ..  934,852  140,160 

Net  receipts 

At  exchange  of  $4'7  to  i.'  . 

Passengers  carried 

Car-miles  run         

Percentage  ol  operating  expenses  to  gross 

receipts 67'44  'ei 

The  increase  in  the  ratio  of  working  expenses  to  gross  receipts 
is  partly  accounted  for  by  the  increase  in  rates  of  wages  granted 
by  the  company  having  been  in  operation  during  the  whole  year, 
as  compared  with  a  period  of  about  five  months  of  the  previous 
year.  Fuel  costs  were  also  increased  as  a  result  of  the  coal  strike 
in  this  country.  The  results  for  the  year,  however,  again  show 
satisfactory  expansion.  The  extension  of  the  Colon  line  was  com- 
pleted during  the  year  under  review,  and  has  been  in  operation 
since  June  20th,  1912.  This  increases  the  total  mileage  of  the 
system  from  86J  to  88J  miles  of  single  track.  The  additional 
rolling  stock  has  been  in  use  since  December,  1912.  Sites  have 
been  secured  for  the  erection  of  two  sub-stations,  and  the  necessary 
plant  has  been  ordered.  To  increase  the  accommodation  for  rolling 
stock,  a  new  car-shed  is  in  course  of  erection.  The  existing  central 
car- shed  is  also  being  extended,  so  as  to  provide  additional  space 
for  repair  and  paint  shops.  Considerable  expenditure  will  be 
necessary  during  the  next  year  or  two  in  connection  with  an  exten- 
sive scheme  for  repaving  of  streets  which  has  been  commenced  by 
the  Municipality  of  Monte  Video.  These  works  will  cause  a 
temporary  interference  with  some  of  the  company's  services.  The 
amount  received  from  La  Sociedad  Commercial  de  Monte  Video  in 
respect  of  dividend  and  interest  was  £138,084.  The  profit  and  loss 
account  for  the  year,  after  providing  for  administration  expenses, 
and  charging  £44,440  for  debenture  interest,  shows  a  credit  balance 
of  £87,721.  Adding  £13,467  brought  forward  there  is  a  total  to 
be  dealt  with  of  £101,188.  The  following  amounts  have  been  set 
aside  : — For  redemption  of  debenture  stock,  £2,.sl0  :  for  redemp- 
tion of  the  preference  and  ordinary  share  capital,  £2,.500  ;  for 
renewals  and  contingencies,  £30,000.  Interim  dividends  were  paid 
in  December  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  on  the  preference  and  6  per 
cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares,  absorbing  £24.041.  The  directors  now 
recommend  dividends  for  the  half-year  to  March  Slst,  1913,  on  the 
preference  shares,  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum  (£12,712), 
and  on  the  ordinary  shares,  at  the  rate  of  8  per  cent,  per  annum, 
making  7  per  cent,  for  the  year  (£1.5,104),  leaving  to  be  carried 
forward  £14,020. 

The  meeting  will  be  held  in  London  on  June  16th. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tuesday  Evening. 
Stock  Exchange  markets  are  passing  through  an  extremely 
uncomfortable — not  to  say  grave — period,  and  although  the 
sentiment  alters  a  little  from  day  to  day,  for  the  last  week  it  has 
leaned  strongly  to  the  side  of  flatness.  Put  in  a  nutshell,  the 
causes  of  the  trouble  are  nothing  more  sensational  than  our  old 
friends  the  Balkans  War  and  new  issues,  although  arising  out  of  these 
there  are  a  variety  of  minor  reasons  which  have  contributed  to  the 
slump  in  speculative  departments.  On  all  hands  one  hears  the 
question  asked  whether  or  not  the  Stock  Exchange  is  drifting 
towards  panic ;  and,  viewed  with  what  impartiality  can  be 
expected  from  members  of  the  House,  the  position  is  generally 
declared  to  be  one  which  is  susceptible  of  being  weathered  without 
panic  supervening.  For  all  that,  brokers  and  jobbers  alike  will 
sleep  more  comfortably  in  their  beds  after  the  turn  of  the  present 
week. 

The  markets  with  which  these  notes  are  concerned  have  suffered 
in  company  with  the  rest  of  the  Stock  Exchange.  The  slump  in 
Home  Rails  swept  Metropolitans  to  4.5J,  a  fall  of  3i  on  the  week, 
Surplus  Lands  stocks  losing  1  at  62.  Districts  fell  2J.  Great 
Northern  and  City  Preferred  i  to  2,  Central  London  Preferred  4, 
the  Ordinary  and  Deferred  2  points  apiece.  It  is  not  as  though 
the  falls  were  confined  to  this  week's  list  of  prices  ;  they  follow 
upon  heavy  declines  previously,  and  it  is  this  cumulative  flatness 
which  weighs  so  heavily  upon  the  markets.  Various  causes  are 
assigned  to  account  for  the  various  falls.  In  Metropolitan,  for 
instance,  the  weakness  is  said  to  be  due  to  the  opposition  that  is 
to  be  offered  to  the  company's  absorption  of  the  Great  Northern 


and  City  line,  though  a  little  reflection  would,  no  doubt,  remark  aa 
anomalous  the  drop  in  the  shares  of  both  companies  concerned. 

The  truth  of  the  matter  Is  that  in  any  stock  where  a  "  bull " 
account  exists,  stale  holders  have  been  doing  their  best  to  get  out 
while  they  were  able.  The  news  that  the  London  and  South- 
western electrification  is  about  to  be  taken  in  hand  made  no  differ- 
ence to  the  prices  of  the  stocks  of  that  company  ;  while  the  issues 
of  the  British  Westinghouse  Company,  which  has  secured  the  con- 
tract, are  unchanged.  Possibly  the  sharp  improvements  of  the 
past  fortnight  in  Westinghouse  may  be  due  to  advance  buying  on 
the  expectation  that  the  company  would  be  given  this  Important 
work. 

It  is  not  only  ordinary  stocks  which  have  given  way  amongst 
Home  Rails,  but  a  number  of  the  more  gilt-edged  varieties  are 
down  also,  as  may  be  seen  by  a  reference  to  our  lists.  British 
Electric  Tractions  are  reasonably  steady  on  the  issue  of  the  report, 
but  three  of  the  stocks  are  }  to  1  lower. 

The  market  for  English  Electricity  Supply  shares  is  weak,  for  no 
reason  other  than  that  money  has  to  be  provided  by  the  sale  of 
actual  investments  in  order  to  pay  for  other  obligations.  The 
dullness  this  week  has  affected  more  particularly  the  preference 
shares  of  the  various  companies,  losses  being  sustained  by  those 
issues  in  the  Westminster.  Metropolitan,  Edmundsons'  and  City  of 
London  Companies.  "  City  Lights  ''  ordinary  have  dropped  to  16J, 
the  other  ordinary  shares  in  the  catalogue  maintaining  their 
quotations  with  a  good  deal  of  firmness.  One  or  two  of  the  Deben- 
ture stocks,  however,  show  small  falls  ;  and,  like  a  good  many 
investment  securities  round  the  Stock  Exchange  at  the  present 
time,  it  is  difficult  to  deal  readily  in  some  of  those  stocks  where  the 
market  is  not  distinguished  for  its  freedom  in  the  ordinary  way. 
The  prospectus  ,of  the  Debenture  issue  by  the  Midland  Electric 
Corporation  is  out  this  week  ;  advance  particulars  were  given  here 
last  month. 

The  report  of  the  Bombay  Electric  Tramways  Company  caused 
some  little  disappointment.  It  had  been  thought  from  the 
dividend  announcement,  which  raised  the  rate  from  3  per  cent, 
to  .'•  per  cent.,  that  a  better  showing  would  be  made.  Perhaps  the 
optimists  expected  a  little  too  much,  for  certainly  the  company  is 
doing  very  well  ;  and  it  is  remarkable  in  these  days,  when  securities 
are  offered  to  pay  such  big  rates  of  interest,  that  Bombay  Tramway 
should  stand  at  13i,  at  which  the  return  is  but  3i  per  cent,  on  the 
money.  The  6  per  cent.  Preference  pay  .5}  per  cent.  :  but  as  the 
part  of  the  recent  buying  of  the  Ordinary  came  from  India, 
evidently  the  local  investors  have  a  high  opinion  of  the  undertaking. 

The  Anglo-Argentine  Tramways  group  is  a  little  dull,  the  last- 
issued  Debentures  showing  slight  falls,  while  City  of  Buenos 
Ayres  Trams  are  I  lower.  No  change  occurred  in  United  Electric 
Tramways  of  Monte  Video  upon  the  appearance  of  a  report 
showing  fine  progress.  Para  Electric  Trams  are  easier,  both  as 
regards  the  Ordinary  and  Preference. 

News  from  Mexico  is  not  bad,  but  the  market  in  Mexican  Power 
and  similar  concerns  remains  subservient  to  the  depression  pre- 
vailing through  the  rest  of  the  House.  In  consequenoe  of  this, 
Mexican  Light  and  Power  Common  show  a  loss   of  5,  and  the 

5  per  cent.  Mortgage  bonds  are  down  2i,  the  yield  at  their  present 
quotation  being  over  .5  J  per  cent,  on  the  money.  In  view  of  the 
security  which  these  offer,  the  return  looks  tempting,  for  the 
lately-issued  report  was  quite  a  good  one.  In  view  of  the  fact, 
however,  that  the  Mexican  Government  itself  is  about  to  issue  a 

6  per  cent,  loan  at  96J,  upon  which  the  return,  taking  redemption 
into  account,  will  work  out  to  6J  per  cent.,  it  is  not  surprising 
that  bonds  in  the  utility  companies  should  suffer  by  comparison. 
At  the  same  time,  some  investors  take  it  as  axiomatic  that  a 
well-secured  bond  from  an  industrial  corporation  may  in  some 
circumstances  form  a  better  security  even  than  that  offered  by 
the  loans  of  the  country  itself  in  which  the  company's  works  is 
situated. 

Montereys  are  a  point  down,  and  Mexico  Trams  lost  2.  A  decline 
of  10  is  marked  in  Montreal  Light  and  Power  shares.  Shawinigan 
Water  fell  4,  Canadian  General  Electrics  3,  these  high-priced  shares 
offering  a  target  for  the  sellers.  Brazil  Traction  Ordinary 
have  undergone  sharp  changes  during  the  past  few  days,  and 
at  88,  the  price  is  4  points  down  on  balance,  while  Rio  Tramways 
Second  Bonds  are  3J  lower  at  90.  The  Victoria  Falls  Power  report 
failed  to  realise  some  of  the  "  bulls' "  anticipations,  and  the  price  is 
dull  at  178.  Gd.  sellers. 

The  Telegraph  market  is  troubled  by  realisations  of  actual  stock 
on  behalf  of  people  who  want  money.  The  Eastern  group  is 
depressed,  and  Western  Telegraphs  are  i  down.  New  York  4  J  per 
cent,  bonds  shed  1.  The  quotation  for  West  India  and  Panama 
shares  is  broadened  by  the  dropping  of  the  lower  price.  United 
River  Plate  Telephones  have  gone  back  to  6!  ;  and  the  Anglo- 
American  Telegraph  division  continues  to  shrink.  Marconls  were, 
of  course,  unaffected  by  the  decision  in  the  Chesterton  case.  T" 
price  has  again  dwindled,  Cansidians  going  back  to  10s.,  Amerii 
to  l.Tj.  9d.  Men  in  the  market  were  not  the  only  ones  to  be  amused 
by  the  tone  of  Lord  Murray's  replies  to  Sir  Albert  Spicer's  invita- 
tion to  come  back  before  July  in  order  to  give  evidence  before  the 
Marconi  Commission. 

The  Manufacturing  section  presents  few  alterations.  Cael 
Kellners  are  a  little  easier,  and  it  has  already  been  remarked 
the  British  Westinghouse  issues  retain  their  previous  rises.  Oppo* 
tion  is  offered  to  the  Edison  &  Swan  scheme.  The  price  of  the  "  A  ' 
shares  is  nominally  nothing  to  i,  but  some  of  the  shareholders  have 
been  trying  to  rid  themselves  of  the  liability  by  offering  to  give 
money,  if  they  can  find  a  buyer  who  will  take  it,  with  their  shares. 
The  Rubber  department  is  as  weak  as  the  rest  of  the  Stock 
Exchange  ;  and  it  is  noteworthy  that  the  issue  of  Preference  shares 
by  the  Armstrong,  Whitworth  Company  the  other  day  resulted  ia 
the  underwriters  being  left  with  66  per  cent,  of  their  obligations. 


itner^l 

thaXS 


Vol.72.    No.  l,8.-.r,,  Junk  i:i,  li)l:).] 


TUl]    l-yLRCTRKlATi    IIHVTKW. 


!)!i7 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELZCTRIOAL     COMPANIXB. 


ENGLISH    ELECTRICITY    8UPPLY   AND   POWER   COMPANIES. 


Boarnemoath  A  Pools,  Ordi    .. 

Do.    4J%Pret 

Do,    Booond  B  %  Fret, 

Do,    «i  %  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Brompton  i  KonBln^^on,  Ord,.. 

Do.    T  3f,  Cum.  Prof 

Central  Blectrlo  Bopiily,  4  %\ 

GaBr.  Deb. ) 

Obering  OrosB,  West  Bnd  &  Olty 

Do,    ii  %  Onm.  Pref 

Do,     "^Olty     Dndertnklng  " ) 
*i  %  0am,  Prel,  / 

Do.  Do,  4%  Deb 

Obelsee,  Ord 

Do,    4^%  Deb 

Olty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    6%0ani,  Prel 

Do,    B%Deb 

Do,    4i  %  Seoond  Deb, 
Ooonty  of  London,  Ord 

Do,    8%  Pref 

Do,    41%  Deb 

Do,    4}  %  Second  Deb, 
Bdmnndeon's,  Ord, 

Do,    6%  Onm.  Pref 

Do,    6%  Non-Gum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    4i%FirBt  Mort.  Deb.  .. 
Folkestone 

Do,    5%  Onm,  Pref 

Do,    4ii%FlretDeb 

BoTe 


10 
10 
10 

Stock 


Stock 

10 

10 

Stock 

100 

10 

10 

Stock 

Stock 

£S 

6 

6 

100 

e 

B 

100 

B 


DlTldendB 
for 


Oloalng 
QnotkUoni 
Jane  lOtli, 


9»-  1' 
84—    9i 

10  —  ir 

96  —  08 


81-  83 
94  —  97  xd 

44-  li 
8J-     4 

91*  -  984 

43-  6i 
96  -  99 
15  —  164 
UJ-  125 

116  -lao 

100  —103 
log-  lOJ 
114-  12 

104  —106 
98  —101 

4-  44 

11-  24 
83  —  86 

44-  6 
44—    5 

90  —  9Q 
7i-     72 


Rlie 

+  or 
Fall 


PreienI 

Yield 

P.O. 

M  a,  d. 

6  18   e 

4  14     » 

B  14     8 

4  11  10 

B    6    8 

4    0    0 

4    2    6 

6  11     I 

4  17    4 

E  12    6 

♦    B    7 

4  l.'i    8 

4  10  11 

6    9     1 

4  10    7 

4     8    4 

4    8    8 

6  10    4 

e    0    0 

4    5    0 

4    9     1 

Nil 

3    6    8 

5     4    8 

6    0    0 

6    0    0 

4  17  10 

6  16    a 

Kenalngton  A  Knightabrtdge,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  Bleo.  Power,  41  %  Deb,  .. 
London  Blectrlo,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.  4  %  First  Mori.  Deb.  . . 
Hetropolltan  

Do.    4i%  Onm,  Pref 

Do,    41  %  FIral  Mort,  Deb, . . 

Do.    84%  Mort.  Deb 

Midland    Rloctrlo  Oorporstlon  I 

44%  First  Mort.  Dob./ 

HorlhMolronollian  Power  Bap- 1 

ply,  6  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  J 

Nolting    Hill,    6  %  NOD-Oam.  I 

Prel./ 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Prel 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Sooth  London,  Ord 

Do.  6  %  First  Mort,  Deb.  .. 
South  Metropolitan,  T  %  Pref.. . 

Do.  44  %  First  Deb.  Stock  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Onm.  Prel 

Do.  41  %  First  Mori,  Deb, . . 
Westminster,  Ord,  ..        ,. 

Do,    44%Clam.Fiel 


B 
Stock 
Stock 


Block 

B 

B 

Stock 

Stock 

100 
100 


100 

£a 

B 

100 

B 

B 


OlTldanda 
tat 


BiM 
■•■  Of 
■Wl 


-A 


PraMDl 
TUM 


S  1.  d. 

B  i«  a 

«  e  0 

■  la  8 

4  1  » 

B  17  1 

4    6  1 

sea 

4  17  4 

4    8  8 

4    4  4 

4    8  7 

4  U  0 
8  11  1 

B  18  9 

5  12  8 
4  18  8 
4  0  8 
7  7  8 
4  18  6 

6  17  11 
4  10  6 


COLONIAL   AND    FOREIGN    ELECTRICITY    SUPPLY    AND   POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Prel 

Oalcntta,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  Ist  Mort,  Eds. 
Canadian  Qen,  El,  Com. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt.,  Power  and  T.,  Ord. 

Do.    5%  Deb 

Bleo.  Lt.  and  P.  of  Cochabamba,  1 

1  %  Bonds  ( 

Bleo,  Supply  Victoria,  5  %  1st ) 

Mort,  Deb,  I 

Bleo,  Dev,  Ontario,  6   %   Ist ) 

Mort,  Bonds  / 

Kalgoorlie  Blec,  F,  and  L„  Ord, 

Do,    6%  Pref 

KaminlBtiqala  Power,  E%  Q,  Ba, 

Madras,  Ord,  

Melbourne,  6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt.,  5%  Ist  M.  Bds. 
Mexioan  Lt.  &  Power,  Common 

Do.    7  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    B  %  Ist  Mori,  Qold  Bda, 


6 

6 

8 

E 

84 

84 

6 

E 

B 

100 

S 

E 

$100 

7 

7 

$100 

7 

7 

1 

H 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

E 

$500 

E 

E 

10/- 

Nil 

1 

« 

6 

$600 

E 

fi 

6 

Nil 

100 

E 

B 

E 

E 

$100 

4 

H 

$100 

T 

1 

B 

E 

-    6i 

:-  vj 

,-  954 
-115 
—123 


34-  954 


100  —102 
If-     li 

108  —106 
80  —  83 
67  -  70 
98  —102 
87  —  90 


6  14     8 

6  17    3 

-A 

4  16    5 

5    5     8 

-3 

6    1     9 

—1 

6  13  10 

6  14     3 

5     4    2 

6    3    9 

5    7    6 

6    4    9 

Nil 

10  13    4 

4  18    0 

4  14    4 

5  19     1 

-6 

5  14     4 

6  17    3 

-'4 

5  11     1 

Monterey  Bly,  Light  &  Power, ) 

6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb,  / 

Montreal,  Lt,,  H,  and  Power   .. 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal,  I 

6  %  Ist  Mort.  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref,      . . 

Do.    5  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Roy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  ) 

let  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Sbawinigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  iBt  Mort,  Bonds 

Do,    44%  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb. 
Vera  Oru«  Lt.,  P.  and  T.,  E  %  1 
Ist  Mort.  Deb.  / 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Prel. 
West  Kootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 
Ist  Mort.  6  %  Qold  / 


100 

E 

E 

$100 

8 

9t 

$500 

6 

6a 

Stock 

10 

in 

Do. 

H 

6 

Do. 

E 

E 

100 

44 

44 

$100 

6 

6 

$500 

5 

E 

Stock 
Do. 

J^ 

n 

100 

6 

6 

1 

Hid. 

I7i(d. 

100 

6 

6 

79  —  82 

210  —220 

15  —  25 

207  -217 
102  —107 
ICO  —103 


129  -183 
107  —109 
97  —100 
99  —101 
93  —  95 

ih-     ii 

106  —108 


-4 

-■4 
+   i 


2    0 
1  10 


4  8  0 

5  9  1 
4  18  0 

4    8  8 

8  15  2 

4  11  9 

4  10  0 

4  9 

5  5 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amaion  Telegraph 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep.  &  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do.    Collat.  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    8%  Prel 

Do.    Del 

Anglo  ■  Portagnese   Tel.,  E  %  1 
Mort,  Deb.  / 

Chill  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Btlg.  4%  Deb. 
Caba  Telegraph 

Do.    10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do,    10%  Cum,  Prel 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W,  India  Cable,  44  % ) 
Reg,  Deb,  / 
Bastern  Telegraph,  Ord,  Stock 

Do.    84%  Pref,  Stook.. 

Do.    4%  Mort.  Deb 

Bastern  Extension 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Bast  and  B.   Africa  Tel.  4  %) 
Mt.  Db.  Manritins  Bab.  / 
Globe  Telegraph  and  Trasl 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Qreal  Northern  Telegraph       . . 
Indo-Earopean  Telegraph 
Uackay  Companies  Common  .. 

Do.    4  %  Cam.  Pref 

Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    T  %  Com.  Partio,  Prel. 


10 

4 

44+ 

stook 

E 

E 

$100 

8 

Bt 

$1000 

4 

4 

Stook 

H 

H 

Do, 

6 

6 

Do, 

80/- 

3U/- 

100 

6 

E 

E 

7 

R 

Stock 

4 

4 

10 

6 

6 

10 

10 

10 

E 

4 

4t 

E 

lU 

10 

10 

E 

4 

100 

44 

44 

Stook 

7 

7t 

Do, 

B4 

84 

Do, 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7 

Stock 

4 

4 

SB 

i 

4 

10 

6 

fit 

10 

« 

« 

10 

IH 

20 

95 

18 

13 

100 

fi 

5 

$100 

4 

4 

1 

30 

1 

17 

97  -  99 
129  —132 

92  —  94 

61  -  64 
1074-109 

234—  24 

101  —106 

m-    751 

84  —  86 
8J- 
155- 


123  - 
744- 


i6i 

81 
7i 


■131 

■  76A 
92" 


984- 

114- 
12g- 

SO4- 


3A- 


94 
-1004 

-  m 

125 
824 

58 
86 
72 

21 


124-  12g         - 


6    2    0 

BIO 

2 

6    12 

4    5     1 

4  13    9 

— 1 

5  10    0 

6    5    0 

4  15    S 

6     1     1 

4  13    0 

6    6    4 

5  19     4 

5    6    8 

6  18    0 

6    5    6 

4    9    0 

_1 

6    6  10 

-4 

4  U     6   i 

4    7    0 

_  1 

5  11     0 

4     5     1 

3  11     7 

6     3    3 

-  4 

4  13    a 

6    8    1 

5  12    1 

5  16    8 

5  11     1 

-A 

6     1     7 

6    3    8 

Monte  Video  Telephone,  Ord, .. 

Do,    5%  Pref 

New  York  Telep,,  41%  Gen,  Bnds, 
Oriental  Telep,  and  Eleo, 

Do,    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4%  Red.  Deb!     .. 
Pacific  and  Earopean  Tel.,  4  % ) 
Qaar,  Debs.  / 

Renter's       

Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co.  of  Egypt,  44  %  1 
Deb.  Red,  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    5%  Cum.  Prel 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do,     4  %  Debs.,  1  to     ,600) 

guar,  by  Bras,  Bab,  Tel,  / 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg, 

Do,    6  %  Cum,  iBt  Pref, 

Do,    6  %  Cum,  2nd  Pref, 

Do,    5%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %Fdg,  Bonds 


1 

8 

6t 

1 

B 

6 

100 

44 

44 

1 

8 

10 

I 

6 

6 

stook 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

10 

Cert, 

8 

6 

Stook 

44 

44 

E 

8 

8t 

S 

B 

6 

34 

24 

.. 

100 

4 

4 

10 

^ 

li 

10 

6 

6 

10 

6 

« 

100 

6 

E 

10 

7 

7+ 

stock 

4 

4 

$1000 

44 

44 

1  —  'i 

1 

964-  974 

m-  m 

14-    li 
88-90 

— i 

98  —100 

.. 

lOj-  lOfxd 

124  -127 

964-984 

64-    7 
64-    5i 
lA-  li'sxd 

-A  ; 

96-99 

24-    8 

94-  10 

9i-    9S 

101  —103 

-4 

12i-  131 
92  —  94 

-i 

90  —  93 

t 
1 

6    6  8 

E  14  8 

4  12  4 

I  6  10  2 

!  4  16  0 

4  8  11 

4  0  0 

9  0 

4  14  6 

4  11  E 

E  14  4 

4  9  0 

4  7  0 


4    8  4 

6    0  0 

6    0  0 

4  17  1 

E    4  8 

4    5  1 

4  16  9 


^Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.  a  Paid  in  deterred  interest  warrants.  t  Interim  Dividend. 


Be.  in  Funded  Dividend  Certa, 


CONTINUED     ON     NEXT    PAGE. 


998 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.72.    No.  1,855,  Junk  i:!,  igi.'J. 


SHARE    LIST    Or    ELECTRICAL    COTHPANlES-iCmtinved.) 

ELECTBIC    RAILWAYS    AND   TBAJTWAIS.— HOME. 


Bath  Trame,  Pret.  Ord.  .. 

Do.    6%Pref 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Brit.  Elec.  Tr«c„  6  %  Pref. 


Do, 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Do. 
Do. 


Deferred 

6%Cum.Pr'f 
NonCum.  Pr'f. 
,  Perp.  Deb.  .. 
,  2nd  Deb. 


Central  London  Railwa;,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Def 

Do.    4%  Deb 

City  A  B.  London,  6  %  Pref.,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1896     .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1908    .. 

Do.    «%Deb 

Great  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
HaatingB  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4*  %  Deb 

sle  of  Thanet  Trams,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Lancashire  United,  6  %  Deb,  .. 
London  Eleo,  Railw'ys,  4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.  4%  Deb 


1 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 

6 

100 

100 
100 


DtrtdendB 

for 

1911. 

1913. 

Nil 

Nil 

5 

*i 

'6 

6 

«4 

B 

4 

9 

4 

6 

5 

6 

I 

4 

Nil 

Nil 

6 

n 

^ 

4 

6 

4 

Nil 

4 

Closing 
Qnotations 
June  ICth. 


72  —  77 
10  —  12 
54-  7J 
83  —  86 
42  —  45 

88  —  92 
74  —  78 
79-81 
60  —  62 
76  —  78 

89  —101 
101  —103 
100  —103 

99  -102 
97  -100 

92  —  94 
14-    2i 

6i  —  73 

24-  sa 

76  —  80 
73-80 

93  —  95 
4i—    6 

62  —  66 


Rlae 

+  or 
FaU 


PreBenI 
Tleld 

P.O. 


-4 


£  8.  d. 

Nil 

6  a  1 
e  17  0 


6  19  6 

6  13  4 

6  8  8 

6  15  6 

:4  18  9 

:4  17  7 

!5  2  7 

3  19  8 

4  17  1 
4  18  0 
4  18  0 

6  0  0 
4  6  1 

NU 

7  13 


6    8    3 
4  16    3 


Metropolitan  Railway  Ooniol. . . 

Do,    Sarplna  Landa    .. 

Do,    Bi%  Deb 

Do.    8{  %  Pref 

Do.    8i%Con.  Pret 

Metropolitan  District  Ordi 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

Do,    4J%  First  Pref 

Do.    8J%Gld 

Metropolitan  Eleo.  Tramg,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do,     5%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    4i  %  Deb 

Bontb  Metro.  Trams,  6  %  Pret. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Underground     Eleo.    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do,    6%  First  Cam.  Inc.  Deb 

Do,    44  %  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Yorkshire  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    44%  Deb 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 
100 

1 
1 

100 

1 

100 
10 

1/- 

100 

100 

100 

E 

e 

100 


Rise 
+  or 
Fall 


-i 


ELECTRICAL    RAILWAYS    AND    TRAMWAYS.— COLONIAL    AND    FOREIGN. 


Anglo-Arg,  Trams,  let  Piet,     .. 

Do.    Snd  Pref 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Do,    44%  Deb 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  6  %  Deb, 
Bombay  Elec.  B.  &  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do,    6  %2nd  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  1 

Power  J 

Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ordi     .. 

Do.    5%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

B,  Colambia  Eleo.  Rly.,  Det,    .. 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do,     6%  Pref 

Do.    4*  %  Ist  Mort,  Deb.      . . 

Do,    44  %  Vancouver  Deb,    ., 

Do.    4i%Con,  Deb 

Calcutta  Trams,  Ord, 

Do.    B%Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

City  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1804) 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Colombo  Elec.  Tr,  A  Lt,,  6%  Deb, 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  E  %  Bonds 
Ealgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  .. 

Do,    6%  A  Deb 

Do,    6%BDeb 


E 
6 

n 

It 

100 

4 

4 

100 

H 

«4 

100 

E 

E 

100 

E 

E 

10 

6 

6 

100 

«4 

4 

100 

E 

E 

SlOO 

6+ 

6 

8 

8 

5 

E 

5 

100 

iti 

4* 

100 

8 

Hi 

100 

6 

6 

100 

E 

E 

40 
100 

1 

* 

i 
4 

100 

4 

4 

E 

7 

5t 

6 

E 

E 

100 

1 

n 

a 

s 

6 

Et 

100 

4 

4 

100 

E 

S 

tiooo 

E 

E 

1 

Nil 

100 

E 

E 

100 

B 

a 

4:1=^. 

574! 

5  14    3 

914—  934 

4    5    7 

97-99 

1 

4  11     0 

96  —  98 

-1^ 

6    2    0 

101  —103 

4  17    1 

io|-  114 

6    4     4 

96-98 

4  11  10 

97-99 

6     1     0 

87-89 

-4 

6  14  10 

K-    7gid 
41-    54  xd 

6    8    6 
4    8  11 

99  -102 

4    8    3 

124  -128 

— 2 

6    5    0 

108  -112 

— \ 

5    7    2 

99  —102 

— 1 

4  18    0   ; 

100  —103 

4    7    6   1 

100  -102 

4    8    3 

92-94 

~^h 

4  10    5 

51—    6 

6  12    0 

•*i-    64 
974—100 

4    8  11 

4    9    7 

.t'-^ 

-i 

4  is   0 

93  —  97 

4    2    6 

904-  944 

E    5  10 

97  -101 

4  19    0 

^r-     A 

NU 

85  —  90 

S  11     1 

26-36 

La  Plata  Eleo,  Trme,  Ord. 

Do.    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec.  Trams,  Ord. 

Do,    6%  Pret 

Do,    B%Deb 

Madras  Eleo,  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  .. 
Manaos  Trams  &  Lt.,  Ist  Deb, . . 
Manila  Elec,  R.and  Ltg,,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Qen,  Con.  6  %  Bonds    .. 

Do.    6%  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys.  &  Lt.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    5%  1st  Deb 

Perth  (W, A.)  Elec.  Tr.,  Ord.    .. 

Do.    6%l8t.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Sop,,  Pref,  .. 

Do.    44%  1st  Deb 

Riode  Janeiro  Trams,  Ist  Mort.  1 
5  %  Bonds  I 

Do,    6%  Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Paulo  Tram,  Lt.  and  P.  \ 
6  %  1st  Deb.  / 
BIngapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb. 
Bouthem  El,  Tr.  B,A.,  6  %  Deb. 
Un.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    6%  1st  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo,  Rly,,  44  %  Deb. 


1 

Nil 

1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

4W. 

1 

6 

100 

E 

100 

6 

100 

6 

$1000 

E 

»100 

1 

V 

E 

100 

8 

E 

10 

10 

E 

6 

100 

E 

1 

5 

64 

100 

6 

E 

6 

100 

*4 

a 

E 

100 

S 

9600 

E 

100 

E 

100 

E 

E 

T 

fit 

E 

6 

« 

100 

E 

E 

100 

4 

4 

^-  i 

l.i?3-  1:. 

1-      1; 

92  —  97 
103  -106 
90  —  93 
98  —100 
98  —100 
8S  —  91 

95  —  98 
61-  7i 
4|-    6 

98  -100 

lA-lJi 

105  —108 

6i-    6i 

97  —  99 

994-1014 
£84-  914 

98  — lOOxd 

834-  874 

96  —  98 
6-63 
il-    5i 

964-  984 
984-1014 


-4 


MANTTFACTURING   COMPANIES. 


Aron,  Ord 

Do,    8%  Pref 

Babeock  A  Wilcox 

Do.     Pref.  

British  Alnminium,  Ord, 

Do.     6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.    Deb.  Stk 

&I.  A  Belsby  Cables 

Do.     Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Brit.sb  Thomson  Houston,  Deb. 
British  Westinghouse,  Pref.    .. 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    8  %  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do,     Pref.  

Brash,  7%  Pref 

Do.    B  %  Prior  Lien  Deb.     .. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb. 
Ca'.lendtr's  Cable 

Do.     Fref,  

Do,     Deb 

Castner-Eellner 

Do.    Dsb 


100 

100 

1 

1 

S 

100 

100 

100 

E 


n 

6 

fi 

38 

16 

6 

6 

Nil 

Nil 

fi 

5 

6 

6 

6 

10 

1(1 

6 

6 

1 

Nil 

4 

4 

6 

6 

Nil 

Nil 

6 

6 

n 

3 

16 

15 

E 

E 

♦4 

♦4 

30 

30 

«4 

4 

li.-    H 

i-  8 

93  —  96 

83  —  86 

74—    8 

6Z-    6g 

102  —104 

97-99 

67  —  71 
99  — 1C2 
3/.-«/. 
4/6 -fi/. 
0-  i 
73  —  78 
88  —  43 
26  —  29 

11  -  m 

H-   64 

98  —101 
35i-    3f!4 
lOtI  —106 


8    0    0 

7    2    2 

6    4    6 

4     7    3 

5  17    2 

6    4     2 

6  16    8 

6    5    0 

4  14     1 

4    6     7 

4  11    0 

.. 

Nil 

5  12    fl 

6  17    8 

Nil 

NU 

NU 

6    8    3 

10    9     4 

16  13    4 

6    7    8 

4  17    7 

.. 

4     9     1 

-nS 

6    9    6 

4     4  11 

Crompton  &  Oo 

Do.    Deb 

Dlok,  Ken 

Do.    Pref. 
Edison  &  Bwan,  A,  tS  paid 

Do.    fully  paid  .. 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

Do.    6  %  Beoond  Deb. 
Electric  Construction    ., 

Do,     Pref, 
Greenwood  A  Batley,  Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

General  Electric,  6%  Pret. 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Indla-Rubber,  Q.  &  T,    . . 

Do.     Pref 

Telegraph  Constrootion.. 

Do.    Deb 

Wlllans  &  Robinson 

Do.     Pret 

Do.     Deb 


8 

Nil 

100 

E 

1 

E 

Ni 

I 

n 

6 

E 

Nil 

E 

Nil 

100 

4 

4 

100 

E 

E 

3 

a4 

SJ 

3 

7 

7 

10 

7 

T 

100 

E 

6 

10 

E 

6 

100 

4 

4 

E 

15 

16 

E 
100 

n 

St 

10 

74 

10 

5 

6 

13 

174 

20 

100 

4 

4 

1 

Nil 

E 

Nil 

100 

i 

4 

66  —  67 

IJ-  1* 

60  —  64 
65  —  70 
lA-     lA 


8 
93  —  94 

10  —  101 
88-93 
12i—  18 

4J—  6 
994-1014  xd 

11  —  12 
9  —  10 

35  —  87 
96-99 

^      t 


Dtueis  otherwise  stated,  all  shaies  are  taUy  paid.       {  Interim  dividend.        1  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Electric  Railways 


Banii   'at*  ol   ni*rount  4}  D*»  nant..  Aorll   I  7tt<,  IBIS. 


Vol.  Tl.    No.  l.K.r.,  Junk  i:!,  19i:i.l 


TlIFi    ELECTIUCAL    REVIEW. 


W.)\) 


THE    PROGRESS    OF     THREE-PHASE    TRAC- 
TION   ON    RAILWAYS. 


By  "DELTA." 


TiiK  first  practical  appliciition  of  tliree-])haHo  \.v.  for  electric 
traction  was  tlicc(iuippiii^M)f  tlie  liUjj;aiio  tnunwaysin  lH;)r)-(; 
by  Messrs.  I5ro\vii,  Hoveri  &  Co.,  vvitli  tbree-pbase  induction 
motor  equipments. 

Since  that  time,  the  tliree-phase  system  has  made  slow 
but  steady  headway,  especially  in  its  application  to  heavy 
traction  and  railways.  Several  small  lines  were  electrified 
in  and  around  Switzerland,  but  the  adoption  of  three-phase 
workiiif^  by  the  Italian  State  Railways  for  nearly  ITjO  miles 
of  track  on  their  various  lines,  immediately  followed  by  the 
successful  apjilication  of  the  system  in  the  Simplon  Tunnel 
in  Europe  and  the  Cascade  Tunnel  in  America,  seems  to 
indicate  that  it  deserves,  and  will  hold,  a  high  place  in  rail- 
way electrification  of  the  future.  Wherever  the  system  has 
been  tried  it  has  proved  hi<^hly  satisfactory  in  operation. 

It  is  the  author's  intention  to  set  forth  the  main  points 
to  which  the  induction  motor  and  the  three-phase  system  in 
general  owe  their  success  in  the  electrification  of  railways, 
and,  further,  to  briefly  deal  with  the  applications  of  the 
system  up  to  the  present  date. 

The  relative  advantages  claimed  by  the  three-phase 
system  of  railway  electrification  may  be  enumerated  : — 

1.  No  commutators  are  required  whatsoever,  and  all  com- 
mutation difficulties  are  obviated.  The  majority  of  induction 
motors  used  for  traction  are  of  the  slip-ring  type,  but  the 
more  recent  locomotives  of  Messrs.  Brown,  Boveri  &  Co. 
employ  squirrel-cage  motors,  thus  dispensing  with  everything 
of  the  nature  of  a  moving  contact. 

2.  The  induction  motor  is  capable  of  exerting  two  or 
three  times  its  full-load  torque  for  starting.  The  G.E.C. 
motors  for  the  Cascade  Tunnel  of  the  Great  Northern  Rail- 
way Co.,  of  America,  are  designed  to  exert  three  times  full- 
load  torque  at  any  speed  from  standstill  to  within  a  few  per 
cent,  of  synchronism. 

3.  The  efficiency,  power  factor  and  speed  are  constant  for 
a  considerable  range  of  output. 

4.  High  voltages  are  employable  on  the  motors  them- 
selves ;  thus  there  is  no  necessity  to  load  up  the  locomotives 
with  transforming  plant.  Up  to  the  present,  3,000  volts  has 
only  been  exceeded  in  Europe  in  one  case — the  Gergal  Sante 
Pe  line  in  southern  Spain,  which  operates  on  5,500  volts,  but 
the  Cascade  Tunnel  line  in  America  is  supplied  from  G,000- 
6,600-volt  trolley  wire.  The  standard  voltage  adopted  by 
the  Italian  State  Railways  is  3,000  volts  at  15  cycles. 

5.  Electrical  braking  and  regenerative  control  is  possible 
since  the  motors  may  be  made  to  run  as  generators,  with 
their  rotors  excited  from  low-voltage  D.c,  and  supply  current 
back  to  the  line.  The  speed  of  the  motors  is  then  limited 
to  approximately  that  of  synchronism,  and  this  may  be  made 
considerable  use  of,  especially  on  mountain  lines  and  very 
heavy  grades.  The  tendency  to  limit  the  speed  should  not 
be  afifected  by  the  removal  of  one  bow  or  trolley  from  contact 
with  the  overhead  wire. 

fi.  When  squirrel-cage  motors  are  used  there  are  no 
rheostatic  losses  at  starting,  and  the  starting  efficiency  may 
be  brought  up  to  97  per  cent. 

7.  By  a  suitable  arrangement  whereby  resistances  may  be 
inserted  in  the  rotor  circuits,  lost  time  may  be  made  up  on 
down  grades. 

8.  The  comparative  cheapness  of  three-phase  generating 
plant  and  sub-station  plant  in  comparison  with  low-tension 
direct-current  plant  is  yet  another  advantage  of  the  system 
under  some  circumstances. 

The  advantages  of  the  induction  motor  system  are  thus 
seen  to  be  many,  and  although  the  control  systems  now  in 
use  for  three-phase  work  appear  to  be  elaborate,  the  follow- 
ing table  shows  them  to  be  comparable  in  weight  with  the 
D.c,  and  superior  to  the  single-phase  equipment. 

The  disadvantages  of  the  system  are  : — 

1.  The  necessity  of  employing  two  overhead  wires  which, 
to  some  extent,  limits  the  voltage  allowable  owing  to  the 
difficulty  of  insulating  one  from  the  other,  especially  in 
tunnels  where  there  is  much  moisture  present.       The  two 


overhead    wireH   are   uIho   liuble   to   Hliort-circuit   ul   <riim- 
overs. 

2.  The  increased  rail  drop  conwquciit  on  tlie  use  of  any 
A.f;.  ByHlem  prcHented  another  dillicully,  which  huH  l»eeu, 
however,  largely  overcome  by  the  uho  of  a  low  frc<juency. 
The  freriuency  employed  on  the  earlier  ihrec-phaHO  railways 
ranged  roiuid  10  cycles.  In  recent  practice  l.'Jand  H;  cyclcH 
are  mon;  g(;nerally  adoj)ted,  us  in  th<;  caw;  of  the  Himplon 
tunnel  line. 

3.  Where  heavy  trains  are  employed  and  two  locomotivtH 
are  used  for  hauling,  it  is  esHential  that  their  wheel  diametern 
should  be  identical,  otherwise  they  will  not  share  the  load. 

Both  the  Italian  Westinghouse  Co.  and  McHsrs.  <ian/,  and 
Co.  have  an  ingenious  metliod  of  overcoming  this  difficulty 
by  the  use  of  a  water  resistance  in  the  rotor  circuit,  in  whi(;h 
the  water  level  can  be  automatically  controlled  by  compressed 
air. 

Yet  another  feature,  repeatedly  put  forward  as  a  disadvant- 
age, is  that  induction  motors  require  a  very  small  air-gap  to 
maintain  a  decent  power  factor.      In  the  old  tyjje  150-u.i'. 

TABLE  I. 


Railway. 

■a  g 
.Sf  o 

4 

o 

-2 

If 
o 

si 

a 

li 

8  a 

3S 

Controller 

weight  in  toiu 

per  H.p. 

i 
s 

ts 

Pennsylvania 

118 

4,000 

40 

17 

■0.S7 

•0042 

D.c. 

Detroit  River  Tunnel 

90 

1,200 

18-8 

62 

•085 

•0052 

D.c. 

New  York,  New  Haven 

and  Hartford 

90 

1.000 

264 

221 

•090 

•0221 

1  ph. 

Lotschberg-  Tunnel  ... 

8(3 

2,000 

196 

22-4 

043 

•0112 

1  ph. 

Simplon  Tunnel 

68 

1,700 

245 

10-5 

•040 

•0062 

3  ph. 

Valtellina*    ... 

62 

1,500 

131 

18-9 

•041 

0126 

3  ph. 

*  This  includes  weight  of  twin  L.T.  motor  for  starting. 

motors  of  i\Iessrs.  Brown,  Boveri  and  ilessrs.  Oerlikon  the 
gap  was  lu  in.  on  a  24-in.  diameter  rotor.  In  the  G.E.C. 
motors  for  the  Cascade  tunnel  ]  in.  air-gap  has  been  allowed, 
and  yet  the  power  factor  has  been  kept  up  to  80  and  8(5  per 
cent.  It  is  obvious  that  |  in.  air-gap  will  allow  for  a  great 
deal  of  bearing  wear  and  of  the  rough  usage  a  railway  motor 
is  bound  to  encounter  in  the  shape  of  sudden  and  heavy 
starting  strains.  The  actual  motors,  taken  all  round,  are 
well  suited  to  traction  work.  This  may  also  be  said  of  the 
control  systems.  The  series  parallel  arrangement  in  direct 
current  work  only  allows  of  two  economical  speeds  in  which 
to  run  the  motors  : — (1)  Full  series  ;  (2)  full  parallel. 

This  is  not  the  case  with  induction  motors.  By  suitably 
arranging  the  poles  so  that  they  may  be  changed  in  number, 
three  and  four  synchronous  speeds  may  be  obtained.  This 
is  also  true  where  the  cascade  or  concatenated  arrangement  of 
motors  is  used.  Hence  the  induction  motor  may  be  provided 
with  two,  or  more  than  two,  economical  working  speeds  in 
excess  of  those  which  the  ordinary  D.c.  series  motor  possesses. 
There  is  a  considerable  amount  of  choice  in  the  control 
system  for  induction  motors.  The  simplest  is  that  employed 
on  the  earlier  locomotives  in  Europe  and  more  recently  on 
the  locomotives  in  the  Cascade  Tunnel.  This  consists  of  the 
ordinary  secondary  rheostatic  control,  where  resistances  are 
placed  in  the  rotor  circuit  at  starting  and  cut  out  as  the 
speed  increases.  Such  an  arrangement  possesses  but  one 
economical  working  speed  and  allows  heavy  rheostatic 
losses. 

The  next  system  was  that  employed  in  the  Simplon 
Tunnel  locos,  and  also  by  Messrs.  Oerlikon,  of  changing  the 
number  of  stator  poles  as  the  speed  increased.  Thus  a 
motor  would  be  started  up  in  the  usual  manner  with  control 
through  rotor  resistances  and  run  up  to  full  speed  as  a 
16-pole  motor.  The  pole-changer  would  then  change  it  to 
an  eight-pole  motor  and  re-insert  the  resistances,  which  would 
again  be  slowly  cut  out  till  the  motor  ran  at  full  speed  as  an 
eight-pole  motor.  Messrs.  Oerlikon  have  in  some  cases  con- 
structed motors  capable  of  four  arrangements  of  poles,  thus 
giving  four  speeds.  For  lines  where  there  are  frequent 
stops  the  arrangement  allowed  of  heavy  rheostatic  losses  as 
before  mentioned,  hence  ^lessrs.  Canz  &  Co.  developed  the 
cascade  arrangement  of  motors  to  suit  traction  work.  They 
arranged  to  insert  a   separate  low  voltage  motor  in  series 


1000 


I  i  K.    ELEC'iiUCAL    REVIEW.         [Voi.  72.   ko.  i.fc-.s,  jcne  13,  lyis- 


TABLE  II. 

— Thbee-phask  Railways 

IN  Opbration. 

B>nwm;. 

Finn. 

L'gth. 

Date. 

Volt*. 

Pre- 
qutnoj. 

LiCCOB. 

Motor- 
c»rs. 

B.P. 

pec 
motor. 

Kn. 
motors 

Wght. 

MuE. 

speed. 

Bnrpdoif  Thnn 

Brown, 

M. 

1899 

750 

40 

2 



150 

2 

30 

11-2/22-4 

Squirrel  -  Caere  fonr-speed 

Boveri 

25-2 

1 

6 

250 
60 

2 

4 

42 
32 

224 

motor,  with  pole-chan^- 
ing  device. 

VaUellina  Railway 

6anz\:Co. 

65-8 

1902 

3,000 

15 

2 

— 

225 

4 

46 

21 

Loco.  B-B. 

1903 

3 

— 

750 

2 

62 

42 

Loco.  1-C-l  Cascade  motors 

1905 

4 

— 

l,500& 

2 

62 

42 

Loco.  lC-1.     See  text. 

1907 

1,200 

Loco.  -E-. 

2 

— 

1,000 

2 

60-2 

30 

Cascade  motors. 

— 

10 

75 

2 

63 

43 

Simplon  Tunnel 

Brown, 

4-3 

1906 

3,000 

16 

2 

•   — 

650 

2 

63 

218 

Loco.  1-C-l  pole-chanping- 

Boveri 

2 

850 

2 

436 

device.  16  and  8-pole  and 
rheoatatic  control. 
Loco.  D.    See  text. 

Brnnnen  Morechbach      ... 

Oerlikon 

1-7 

1906 

750 

50 

1 

— 

86 

2 

Cascade  Tunnel 

American 
G.E.C. 

3-6 

1907 

6,000 

25 

4 

— 

326 

4 

104 

16 

Loco.  B.B.  rheostatic  con- 
trol. 

Sante  Fe  Gnpal  (Spain) ... 

Brown, 
Boveri 

15 

1908 

5,500 

25 

5 

~~ 

160 

2 

26 

7-8/15-6 

Squirrel  -  cape  locos, 
coupled  in  pairs. 

Campaeso  Bneeala 

Westing- 
fa  onse 
(Italian) 

13 

1911 

3,000 

15 

40 

1,000 

2 

60-2 

,  Loco.  -E-  similar  to  later 
Valtellina  locos. 

Savona  Guisseppe 

Westingr- 
house 

13o 

1911  & 
1912 

3.000 

15 

1 

15 

~ 

1,000 

2 

60-2 

~ 

'  Same  as  above. 

Hcxlane      Bardonnchia 

Brown, 

32-2 

1912 

3,500 

,     161 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Loco,  at  present  borrowed 

Buseeleno  (Tnnnel). 

Boveri 

from  Campasso  Bussala 
line. 

with  the  H.T.  motor  rotor  in  starting.  This  gave  an  addi- 
tional economical  speed  to  the  loco.  Originally,  the  low 
voltage  motor  was  built  into  the  same  frame  as  its  high 
voltage  companion.  The  arrangement  wa-s  iised  in  the 
earlier  Valtellina  locomotives  with  great  success,  as  it  gave 
the  locomotive  two  economical  speeds.  (1)  Fuil  cascade 
connection  ;  and  (2)  full  short-circuited  rotor  connection  of 
the  H.T.  motor.  This  success  led  Messrs.  (ianz  A:  Co.  to 
still  further  develop  their  system.  The  more  recent  loco- 
motives of  the  Valtellina  line  are  equipped  with  two  motors 
each,  one  an  eight-pole  motor  and  the  other  a  l2-pole  motor, 
each  capable  of  working  the  train  alone,  and  thus  giving  two 
synchronous  speeds  to  the  locomotive.  A  lower  synchronous 
speed  is  attained  by  placing  the  12-pole  motor  in  cascade 
connection  with  the  eight-pole  machine.  Using  the  h.t. 
1 2-pc)le  motor  for  cascade  connection  necessitates  its  being 
arranged  to  work  at  a  reduced  voltage.  This  is  done  with- 
out the  aid  of  any  au.xiliary  transformer  by  changing  the 
stator  windings  from  their  h.t.  arrangement  of  three  coils  in 
each  phase  in  series,  with  the  phases  star  connected,  to  the 
lower  tension  arrangement  of  thrte  coils  in  each  phase  in 
parallel,  with  the  phases  mesh  connected. 

This  cascade  arrangement  gives  a  speed  equivalent  to  that 
of  a  20-pole  motor.  In  each  arrangement  the  rotor  resist- 
ances are  cut  out  in  the  usual  manner,  giving  a  fine  regula- 
tion of  speed.  This  is  done  with  water  rfsistances  instead 
of  rheostine  wire,  as  in  the  original  locomotives.  These  loco- 
motives then  have  speeds  corresponding  to  20,  1 2  and  eight- 
pole  motors,  at  which  they  can  operate  with  perfect  economy. 
These  actually  correspond  to  IG.  20  and  40  m.p.h. 

The  induction  motor  for  traction  is  very  similar  in  con- 
struction to  the  ordinary  motor  used  for  other  commercial 
purposes.  AVhere  the  motors  have  to  be  placed  within  the 
wheel  truck,  it  is  necessary  to  employ  recessed  bearings. 
The  frame  for  carrying  the  laminated  core  is  made  as  light 
as  possible. 

Messrs.  Ganz  \-  Co.  found  they  had  not  room  to  spare  for 
the  slip- rings  inside  the  frame,  since  it  was  more  necessary  to 
bring  the  cranks  as  near  the  motor  as  possible,  hence  the 
slip-ring  leads  were  carried  through  the  crank  to  a  set  of 
rings  outside  the  frame  of  the  locomotive. 

Having  dwelt  on  the  most  prominent  jx)ints  in  connection 
with  the  three-phase  system,  the  author  will  briefly  deal  with 
three  of  the  most  important  undertakings  now  in  operation. 

The  Valtellina  line  runs  along  the  shores  of  Lake  Como 
between  Lecco  and  Callico.  with  branches  to  .Sondrio  and 
Chiavenna.  The  electrical  equipment  is  by  ilessrs.  (ianz 
and  Co..  and  on  the  motor-cars  consists  of  four  motors  per 
car — two  high-tension  :^,000-volt,  200  -  h.p.  motors  and 
two  low-tension  300-volt  motors  for  cascade  connection  in 
starting.     The  freciuency  is  15. 


Three  locomotives  were  also  supplied,  in  the  first  instance, 
of  the  four-axle  type,  and  having  a  speed  of  18|  Ji  r.H., 
equipped  with  two  750-H.i'.  motors. 

Soon,  however,  some  1,500-H.i'.  locomotives  were  added, 
which  had  two  speeds  of  20  and  40  m.p.h.  In  these  loco- 
motives the  motors  were  mounted  high  up  in  the  cabs,  thus 
securing  a  higher  centre  of  gravity  and  also  allowing  the  use 
of  fewer  and  larger  motors.  This  ktter  is  a  great  advan- 
tage, since,  in  all  traction  work,  the  weight  per  h.p.  of  a 
large  motor  is  always  much  less  than  that  for  an  equivalent 
output  in  smaller  motors. 

The  power  is  transmitted  to  the  driving  wheels  through 
a  form  of  scotch  yoke.  Three  pairs  of  .")'J-iii.  drivers  are 
coupled  together.  The  yoke  which  transmitted  the  ])Ower 
from  quartered  cranks  on  the  motor  shafts,  drives  down  on  to 
the  middle  pair  of  drivers  through  a  special  sliding  bearing 
which  will  allow  for  the  vertical  movement  of  the  axles 
independently  of  the  locomotive  main  structure.  Connecting 
rods  to  the  two  other  pairs  of  drivers  are  taken  from  the 
yoke  at  points  near  this  bearing.  This  arrangement  has 
proved  light  in  construction  and  very  successful  in  opera- 
tion.    The  control  systems  have  already  been  dealt  with. 

2.  Following  the  Valtellina  line,  the  Simplon  Tunnel  was 
electrified  with  three-phase  a.c.  by  Messrs.  Brown,  P>overi  at 
their  own  risk,  and  proved  so  successful  that  the  inter- 
national authorities  controlling  this  important  line  have 
taken  over  the  system  to  work  the  tunnel  permanently. 

The  original  locomotives  are  practically  identical  in  con- 
struction with  those  of  the  Valtellina  line,  both  being  built  to 
the  designs  agreed  upon  by  the  engineers  of  the  governments 
and  firms  concerned. 

The  mechanical  construction  is  by  the  f-'wiss  Locomotive 
Co.   of   Wintertbur.     These   motors   had  two  synchronous 
speeds  of  22  and    44  m.I'.h.,  and  employed  the  usual  pole- 
changing  apparatus.     Rheostine  wire  resistances  in  the  rotor . 
circuit   allowed  speed  regulation.     The   rated  output  wa 
1,100  h.p. 

Later.  Messrs.  Brown.  Boveri  put  some  further  locomotive 
in  service,  which  have  four  pairs  of  drivers  and  no 
pony  wheels.  These  are  rated  at  1.700  HP.,  and  emplof 
two  motors.  The  motors  have  no  slip  rings,  and  no  rotoij 
resistances  are  used.  The  stators  are  capable  of  liaviDH 
their  windings  arranged  so  that  speeds  corresponding  to  16J 
12,  8  and  (I-pole  motors  are  obtained.  This  is  done  by 
compressed  air  of)erated  pole-changer,  which,  together  witS 
an  auto  -  transformer  for  reducing  the  heavy  current 
starting,  eonstitutes  the  whole  of  the  control  apparatus, 

3.  Outside  Europe,  little  three-phase  work  has  been  donej 
but  the  Cascade  Tunnel  of  the  Great  Northern  Railroad  of 
America,  equipped  by  the  G.E.C,  is  the  exception.  These 
locomotives  develop  1,900  h.p.,  and  are  operated  from  6,000- 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,8.-.,',,  JrNK  l.t,  19i:i. 


Tim    KLECTKIGAL    HEVIIsW. 


ICOl 


<;, GOO- volt  ovcrliead  liiicB.  Jlowovor,  in  tlicir  coimtructioti 
fiiiii|iliciLy  seems  to  Imve  Inieii  tlic  f^reut  iiim,  and  rconomy 
ill  service  was  set  aside  to  {;aiii  tliis. 

'I'lie  motors  operate  at  r)00  volts,  and  the  loco,  tliercfore 
carries  transformers  to  step  the  line  voltage  down  to  this 
value.  The  freijuency  is  2;")  periods  and  the  sped  about 
!.'■)  Ml'. II. 

l''r()ni  this  summary  of  the  profiress  of  thrce-plmse  traction 
it  ajjjwars  the  fiysteni  is  becomin},'  more  popular,  and  the 
author  ventures  to  predict  that  the  electrification  of  the 
future  will  find  the  high-tension  direct-current  and  the 
three-phase  systems  occupying  higher  places  as  rivals  to  the 
single-phase  system.  One  advantage  of  the  n.T.  D.r.  is  the 
gnat  ease  with  which  the  voltages  may  be  varied  from  h.t.  in 
<50unt.ry  districts  to  i.  j'.  in  the  towns,  and  yet  permit  the  use 
of  the  same  eiiuipmcnts.  This  is  not  so  easily  accomplished 
with  the  three-phase,  and  is  perhaps  one  of  the  greatest  limita- 
tions of  the  systi'in.  On  the  other  hand,  the  direct-current 
system  does  not  allow  of  so  many  economical  working  speeds 
as  the  induction  motor  fitted  with  pole-changing  gear  does. 
This  may  be  a  disadvantage  in  the  d.c.  system. 

Some  authorities  pay  more  attention  to  economy  in  the 
construction  and  operation  of  the  plant  up  to  ihe  trolley 
wire  rather  than  the  actual  rolling  stock.  In  this  respect 
■the  three-phase  system  possesses  many  advantages.  For 
■any  given  output  the  cost  of  generation  and  of  generating 
stations  is  approximately  e<|ual,  but  the  three-phase  railway 
■sub-station  is  simply  a  transformer  house,  whereas  with  n.c. 
it  is  necessary  to  employ  rotating  converting  plant  often  in 
•conjunction  with  transformers.  However  efficient  these  sets 
may  be,  they  must  constitute  an  additional  source  of  expense. 
Whether  this  expense  is  justified  by  the  simplicity  of  roiling- 
«tock  equipment  secured  with  d.c,  is  a  debatable  point 
^Deyond  the  scope  of  this  article. 


ELECTRICAL    HEATING. 


[COMMXTNICATED.] 

The  writer's  attention  has  Ijeen  drawn  by  the  Electrical 
Review  to  the  increasing  prominence  given  every  year  to 
•questions  concerning  the  application  of  electricity  to 
domestic  uses,  such  as  heating  and  cooking.  Almost  every 
•electric  supply  company  or  Corporation  realises  the  advan- 
tages it  will  reap  if  only  it  can  popularise  the  con- 
sumption of  electricity  in  this  direction,  and  the  larger 
supply  companies  and  Corporations  now  give  annual  exhi- 
bitions, with  the  view  of  educating  the  general  public  to 
the  possibilities  and  advantages  of  electricity  in  the  home. 
"There  is  no  doubt  that,  due  to  these  exhibitions  and  also  to 
the  lower  rates  per  unit  now  being  charged  for  energy  used 
for  this  purpose,  electricity  is  being  adopted  on  a  larger  scale 
•every  year  by  ordinary  domestic  consumers  in  this  connection. 
Is  this  progress  as  rapid  as  it  might  be  ?  Most  people  will 
agree  that  it  is  not.  It  is  true  that  supply  authorities  have 
to  overcome  a  prejudiced  public,  which  cannot  be  done  in  a 
•day,  but  the  lack  of  progress  is  also  due  to  the  unscientific 
manner  in  which  the  subject  has  been  tackled  both  by  the 
manufacturers  ard  by  those  engineers  who  advocate  its  use. 
It  is  the  object  of  this  article  to  give  to  those  who  are 
interested  in  this  question  the  conclusions  arrived  at  by  the 
writer  as  a  result  of  his  investigations  in  this  field. 

A  few  years  ago  the  writer  had  occasion  to  carry  out 
•some  research  work  to  investigate  the  respective  merits  and 
demerits  of  various  makes  and  types  of  electrical  heating 
apparatus  then  on  the  market.  The  great  argument  then  in 
favour  of  electrical  heating  apparatus  was  that  all  the 
energy  expended  in  the  different  apparatus  was  turned 
into  heat,  and  therefore  the  heater  had  an  efficiency  of 
100  per  cent.  At  first  sight  this  argument  seemed  quite 
plausible  to  those  who  had  not  given  much  thought  to  the 
question,  but  it  must  have  occurred  to  many  that  it  was  at 
least  curious  that  every  electrical  apparatus,  quite  irrespec- 
tive of  design,  could  possibly  be  equally  good  and  (fficient, 
and  that  it  only  remained  for  the  manufacturers  to  turn 
out  reliable  and  attractively-designed  heaters. 

Before  going  any  further  it  would,  perhaps,  be  just  as 
Tvell  if  the  term  "  efficiency,"  as  applied  to  electric  heaters 


(or  any  heater,  for  that  matUT),  were  di-lined.  Kllifiency 
used  in  this  Hensc  shotdd  be  rei)rcM'nU:d  by  the  following 
Cfpiation  :  — 

rscfiil  heat  developed. 

KfiicieiK^y    =   Ti : : — ; : — : 

''  Heal  uljHoilxtil  in  ilie  liigiier. 

The  denominator  of  this  e<|Uution  is  easily  (let<:rmiried,  afi 
the  heat  units  alworlwid  per  hour  is  simply  the  numUir  of 
H.  of  T.  units  (^onsumefl  multiplied  by  :'>,1 12.  The  numerator, 
on  the  other  hand,  m  not  so  easily  defined,  and  can  only  be 
arrived  at  as  the  result  of  ex[»erimcnt. 

J  t  would  appear  that  manufacturers  start  away  with  tbc 
idea  that  the  ofliciency  of  any  electrical  heater  is  100  per 
cent.,  and  that  it  only  rests  with  them  to  introduce  cheap 
and  attractive  designs.  This  is,  of  course,  a  mistake.  It  is 
possible  to  conceive  of  a  convector  (non-luminous  radiator) 
placed  on  the  floor  of  a  room  in  such  a  position  relatively  to  a 
ventilator  that  the  convector  would  tak>j  the  place  of  an 
exhaust  fan,  and  tend  to  cool  the  room  rather  than  heat 
it.  For  instance,  a  popular  way  of  testing  a  convector 
is  to  sprinkle  some  ciiarred  paper  over  the  top  of  the  con- 
vector and  observe  whether  the  paper  is  blown  up  to  the  top 
of  the  room  or  not:  if  the  paper  is  carried  up,  the  convector 
is  supposed  to  be  very  good,  as  it  produces  a  strong  circula- 
tion of  hot  air.  Xow,  imagine  there  is  a  ventilator  in  the 
ceiling  immediately  above  the  convector  which  can  produce 
this  supposed  desirable  circulation  of  air :  it  would  Ije  found 
if  the  paper  test  were  applied  that  the  paper  would  be  blown 
to  the  top  of  the  room  and  out  at  the  ventilator,  and  so 
also  would  the  hot  air  which  was  intended  to  heat  the  room. 
A  heater  of  such  a  type  and  placed  in  such  a  position 
relatively  to  the  ventilator  would  be  worse  than  useless. 

The  foregoing  remarks  prove  pretty  clearly  that  the 
question  of  heating  cannot  be  considered  apart  from  the 
ventilation  scheme,  that  is  to  say,  if  it  is  to  be  carried  out 
successfully  and  efficiently.  This  applies  to  all  heating 
systems,  but  especially  in  the  case  of  electric  heating,  because 
if  electric  heating  is  to  compete  successfully  with  coal  and 
gas  fires  as  to  running  costs,  it  must  necessarily  be  run 
efficiently.  We  may  safely  say  therefore  that  electric  heaters 
should  be  chosen  with  due  regard  to  the  ventilating  scheme. 
As  a  rule,  in  most  dwelling  rooms  and  offices  there  is  no 
definite  scheme  of  ventilation,  and  in  such  rooms  where 
artificial  heating  is  resorted  to  a  cold  draught  of  air  along 
the  floor  results. 

The  next  question  to  lie  considered  is  what  we  mean  by 
an  ideal  syt-tem  of  heating.  It  will  be  generally  admitted 
that  the  ideal  would  be  a  room  evenly  heated  throughout, 
and  thus  free  from  cold  draughts,  due  regard,  of  course, 
being  given  to  the  ventilation.  The  temperature  in  the 
room  should  not  be  any  higher  than  is  necessary,  in 
order  to  keep  the  body  comfortable.  iMost  people  will 
agree  that  if  one's  feet  are  warm,  it  is  a  simple  matter  to 
keep  the  rest  of  one's  body  warm.  A  heating  system  should 
be  such,  therefore,  that  the  hottest  part  of  the  room  is  near 
the  floor  and  not  the  ceiling.  With  such  a  system  the  rest  of  the 
air  in  a  room  could  be  kept  at  a  minimum  temperature,  which, 
from  a  health  point  of  view,  is  very  desirable,  as  one  would 
not  run  the  same  risk  of  catching  a  chill  by  going  into  the 
cooler  outside  atmosphere  that  one  would  if  the  room  tempe- 
rature were  excessively  high.  A  heater  that  can  be  made  to 
perform  the  above  functions  is  much  to  be  preferred  to  one 
that,  however  it  may  heat  the  air  of  the  room  near  the 
ceiling,  induces  a  cold  draught  near  the  floor,  as  this  means 
"  hot  heads  and  cold  feet."  The  writer  arrived  at  the  above 
conclusions  after  can-ying  out  a  number  of  experiments  with 
various  kinds  and  types  of  electric  convectors  and  radiators. 
The  tests,  which  were  carried  out  in  a  small  room,  consisted 
of  placing  a  number  of  thermometers  (about  14)  in  the  room 
in  different  positions  and  at  different  heights,  and  observing 
the  temperature  rise  of  each  after  stated  intervals,  and  so 
determining  the  manner  in  which  each  different  device  heated 
the  room.  None  of  the  heaters  which  were  experimented  with 
heated  the  room  efficiently  ;  some  of  them  heated  the  ceiling 
first,  and  others  concentrated  the  heat  too  much  in  one 
part  of  the  room.  After  due  consideration  the  writer  came 
to  the  conclusion  that  his  ideas  could  only  be  successfully 
carried  out  by  means  of  luminous  radiatoi-s.  as  the  difficulty 
with  convectors  was  that  it  was  not  possible  to  direct  the 
heat  where  it  was  wanted,  whereas  radiant  heat  could  by 
means  of  suitable  reflectors  be  directed  to  any  part  of  thQ 


1002 


THE    ELECTRICAL    JKEVEEW.       [Voi.72.   No.  i.s-.s,  juke  1:!,  1913. 


room  without  difficulty.  Some  people  are  inclined  to  imajfine 
that  a  certain  amount  of  power  is  wasted  in  a  luminous 
radiator  because  it  gives  off  light  :  this  loss  of  power 
is  80  small,  however,  that  it  can  be  neglected,  and  is 
more  than  counterbalanced  by  the  cheerier  appearance 
obtained. 

In  order  to  carry  the  above  ideas  into  practice  a  luminous 
radiator  was  designed  which  consisted  of  ah  ordinary 
horizontal  radiator  lamp  having  a  consumption  of  250 
watts,  placed  horizontally  and  at  the  focus  of  a  parabolic 
reflector.  The  lamp  and  the  reflector  were  lixed  relatively 
to  one  another  and  the  reflector  which  held  the  lamp  was 
supported  on  a  frame  which  stood  some  12  in.  off  the  floor. 
The  reflector  was  held  in  such  a  manner  that  it  could  be 
tilted  so  that  the  heat  rays  given  off  could  be  directed  at 
practically  any  desired  angle  with  the  floor.  As  the  rays  given 
off  by  such  a  reflector  would  be  in  parallel  lines,  by  tilting  the 
reflector  any  desired  heat  density  could  be  arranged.  The 
radiator  was  purposely  designed  in  small  units  so  that  by  placing 
these  at  suitable  points  round  the  room  concentration  of  all 
the  heat  at  any  one  point  was  avoided.  In  the  subsequent  tests 
with  this  form  of  radiator,  the  heaters  were  placed  in  such  a 
position,  and  the  reflectors  tilted  at  such  an  angle,  that  the 
floor  ap])eared  to  be  equally  well  covered  by  luminous  heat. 
The  results  obtained  were  almost  exactly  what  might  have 
been  anticipated,  i.p.,  the  atmosphere  throughout  the  room 
was  very  nearly  uniform  whilst  the  hottest  i)art  of  the  room 
was  the  floor  which  was  in  direct  contact  with  the  radiant 
heat  rays.  The  tests  were  particularly  satisfactory,  as  they 
showed  that  it  was  possible  to  utilise  all  the  power  absorbed 
by  the  radiator  as  useful  heat.  Very  little  heat  was  given 
off  from  the  radiator  by  convection,  the  reflectors  remaining 
practically  cold  after  the  heater  had  been  on  for  some  hours  ; 
it  was,  therefore,  safe  to  assume  that  all  the  heat  given  off 
was  in  the  form  of  radiant  heat,  and  as  this  was  all  reflected 
on  to  the  floor  the  heat  was  all  turned  to  a  useful  purpose. 

One  of  the  great  advantages  of  radiant  heat,  apart  from 
its  pleasing  effect,  is  that  it  is  not  necessary  to  switch  on 
the  radiator  for  any  length  of  time  before  using  a  room,  as 
its  full  heat  becomes  apparent  directly  one  comes  in  line 
with  the  heat  rays. 

One  of  the  chief  arguments  pub  forward  by  opponents  to 
electrical  heating  (although  they  admit  the  system  is 
feasible)  is  that  it  is  much  too  costly  for  the  ordinary  man 
in  the  street.  Any  such  statement  can  safely  be  refuted 
provided  that  electricity  can  be  obtained  at  Id.  per  unit,  as 
against  gas  at  2s.  (>d.  per  1,000  cb.  ft.,  as  if  electricity  is 
properly  applied  it  is  just  as  cheap  as  gas. 

To  take  a  concrete  case  where  a  man  has  a  small  office  in 
which  he  spends  most  of  his  time  sitting  at  a  roll-top  desk  ; 
one  radiator  such  as  described  above  placed  in  the  knee  hole, 
screwed  to  the  back  and  at  the  top,  the  reflector  being 
tilted  to  reflect  the  heat  on  to  the  floor,  should  prove  ample 
to  keep  that  man  warm.  The  cost  per  hour  with  electricity 
at  Id.  per  unit  is  only  [d.,  and  it  is  doubtful  whether  either 
a  coal  or  gas  fire  could  show  such  good  results  at  the  price. 

A  room  having  a  floor  area  of  200  s(j.  ft.  should  not 
require  more  than  a  unit  of  electricity  per  hour  to  heat  it 
under  ordinary  winter  conditions  in  England,  provided,  of 
course,  the  heat  is  used  to  the  best  advantage. 

The  scheme  the  writer  would  like  to  see  adopted,  and, 
no  doubt,  it  will  some  day  come  along,  is  that  every  house 
should  have  a  projier  system  of  ventilation.  A  very  good 
form  of  ventilation  to  adopt  with  a  heating  system  sufh  as 
outlined  above,  is  to  draw  fresh  air  in  and  alone  one  side  of 
the  room  near  the  top,  and  expel  the  vitiated  air  by  means 
of  an  exhaust  fan  placed  in  the  opposite  wall  and  at  the 
same  height.  Suitable  convectors  could  be  placed  in  the 
air  inlet,  which  could  be  switched  on  in  very  cold  weather 
to  augment  the  heat  given  off  by  the  radiators. 


AGREEMENTS    FOR     "HIRE"    AND     "HIRE- 
PURCHASE." 


Bv  "EXCELSIOR.' 


Electricity  in  Ajrricoltnre. — The  Fruit  Grower  states 

that  very  careful  trials  in  electro-cnltnre  are  beitiEr  carried  ont  this 
year  at  Dumfries  and  Balmakewan,  as  well  ashy  the  U.S.A  Depart- 
ment nf  Aerricultnre,  to  which  a  set  of  Lodgp  hierh-tension  discharge 
apparatus  has  been  supplied.  The  Efryptian  GoTernment  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  baa  also  a  set  on  order. 


It  is  generally  recognised  that,  where  the  law  permits, 
electrical  undertakings  should  have  a  department  for  hiring 
out  motors  and  other  consuming  devices  whose  purchase 
prices  are  high.  It  is  incumbent  on  these  undertakings 
also  to  see  that  their  interests  in  this  connection  are  safe- 
guarded from  unscrupulous  consumers,  by  having  definite 
regulations  laid  down  for  the  operation  of  these  appliances, 
and  to  have  concise  terms  formulated,  so  that  no  dubiety 
can  possibly  exist  in  the  consumer's  mind  as  to  the  con- 
ditions under  which  the  "  hire  "  or  "  hire-purchase  "  is 
granted.  It  is  necessary,  therefore,  that  an  agreement  should 
be  drawn  up  in  each  case  so  that  the  obligations  of  both  parties 
may  be  clearly  set  forth  before  the  hiring  is  commenced. 

An  agreement  has  been  defined  as  "  An  act  in  the  law 
whereby  two  or  more  persons  declare  their  consent  as  to 
any  act  or  thing  to  be  done  or  forborne  by  some  or  one 
of  those  persons  for  the  use  of  the  others  or  other  of  them." 
Some  Corporations  and  Borough  Councils  are  content  with 
the  hirer's  simple  note  of  hand,  while  others  draw  up 
elaborate  instruments  and  have  them  embossed  with  10s. 
seals  to  ensure  their  legality  in  case  of  disputes  arising 
between  the  hirers  and  the  supply  authority. 

The  validity  of  an  agreement  does  not,  however,  depend  on 
the  seal  which  it  bears.  If  it  is  a  simple  unsealed  document,, 
there  must  be  some  worthy  consideration  for  the  promises  made 
by  either  party  to  the  agreement  before  it  can  be  held  as  valid ; 
while  an  agreement  under  seal  is  binding  even  without  any 
consideration.  It  is  not  necessary,  therefore,  to  affix  a  seal 
to  an  agreement  for  the  "  hire  "  or  "  hire-purchase  "  of  a 
motor  or  cooker,  as  both  parties  have  certain  obligations  to- 
fulfil.  A  hire  agreement,  written,  printed,  or  partly  written 
and  partly  printed,  will  be  held  as  quite  satisfactory  in  a 
court  of  law,  provided  a  sixpenny  stamp  has  been  cancelled 
on  the  agreement  form.  The  wording  should  be  almost 
always  of  a  formal  nature,  expressing  tbe  intention  of  the 
parties  in  correct  legal  language,  and  avoiding  punctuation 
as  much  as  possible. 

The  commencement  of  the  agreement  should  be  "  An 
Agreement  made,"  and  then  the  date  should  follow.  After 
an  accurate  description  of  the  parties,  including  the  names, 
residences  and  occupations,  each  party  may  be  subsequently 
indicated  by  reference  to  the  character  in  which  they  enter 
into  the  agreement,  as  "  the  owners  "  or  "  the  hirer."  The 
order  in  which  the  parties  are  placed  at  the  beginning  should 
be  maintained  throughout  the  document.  With  regard  to 
the  remainder  of  the  agreement,  brevity  and  simplicity  will 
be  attained  by  following  the  order  in  which  the  subject- 
matter  would  seem  naturally  to  fall  ;  for  example,  after  the 
introduction  and  particular  promises  of  both  parties  have 
been  set  forth,  the  agreement  should  wind  up  with  general 
provisions  relating  to  valuations,  arbitration,  kc. 

In  drafting  agreements  for  "  Hire  "  or  "Hire-Purchase," 
extreme  conciseness  is  required,  and  as  far  as  possible,  avoidance 
should  be  given  to  the  words  "  reasonable  "  and  "  proper," 
as  these,  in  many  cases,  leave  the  matter  open  to  question  as 
to  what  is  reasonable  or  proper  ?  In  certain  instances, 
however,  these  terms  may  be  used  where  the  intention  leaves 
no  room  for  doubt.  The  signatures  of  both  parties  should 
be  appended  to  all  agreements,  as  difficulties  often  arise  in 
proving  assent  by  the  non-signing  party.  It  is  not  essential 
that  the  signature  of  a  party  should  be  attested  by  a  witness, 
but  a  testing  clause  may  be  added  as  follows  :  "  In  witness 
whereof  the  said  (parties)  have  hereunto  set  their  hands  the 
day  and  year  first  above  written." 

An  adhesive  stamp  of  the  value  of  sixpence  should  be 
cancelled  by  the  person  by  whom  the  agreement  is  last 
signed.  A  full  inventory  of  the  apparatus  supplied  on 
"Hire"  or  "  H  ire-Purchase"  should  be  included  in  the 
form,  and  reference  to  the  details  should  be  made  in  the 
agreement.  If,  through  any  special  circumstance,  marginal 
additions  or  corrections  recjuire  to  be  written  on  the  printed 
form,  the  initials  of  both  parties  must  be  placed  in  proximity 
to  the  additions  or  corrections  to  show  their  respective 
concurrence  in  the  alterations.     It  is  better  that  two  copies 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,Hr.r>,  JiiNK  i:i,  l!M:i.  ] 


'I'lri*:   i<:iii<:(;'nu('Aii   ni'ivii'.w. 


lOO:; 


(if  the  n<,'r('('iiiciil,  be  iimde  luid  Hi^'tied  l)y  liotli  iiiirLieH,  caeli 
piirt.y  rcUiiiiiiii^  a  copy  in  his  poHHOHsioii.  This  iirniiif^e- 
itieiit  irt,  of  (;oiira(',  ((iiifce  ailiiLriiry,  liiiL  tli(!  o()imiirn(!r 
eoiisidci'M  liiirisclf  in  ii  Hiifer  position  when  lie  ciiii  refer 
to  tlie  signed  a^n^enient  should  lie  he  in  doulit  about 
his  oblij;ations  at  any  time. 

The  following'  form  of  ap;rocinent  has  been  drafted  for  the 
f!;ui(huice  of  su|i])ly  authorities  who  let  out  motors  and 
otlier  appliances  on  "Hire"  or  "Hire-Purchase"  terms. 
Witii  little  correction  it  may  be  achipted  to  suit  tlie 
requirements  of  many  undertakings  whose  conditions  of  hire 
vary  from  the  conditions  given  in  tlie  specimen  form. 


Hire  of 


An    agreement   made   the 


day   of 


between 


(hereinafter   ualled  the   owners)    of   the   one   part,  and 
(hereinafter  called  the  hirer)  of  the  other  part.     Whereby 


it  is  aprreed  as  follows  : 

1.  The  owners  will  let  to  the  hirer  a (hereinafter  called 

the )   detailed    in   the   schedule    hereunder    written,   to 

consume  electricity  from  the  owners'  mains,  and  on  or  before  the 

day  of to  be  placed  in  the  premises  occupied  by 

the  hirer,  situate  at ,  for  the  term  of  one  year  from  the 

day  of  — next,   at  the  yearly  rental  of 

payable  quarterly  in  advance  on  the  day  of 

day   of  ,   the   day  of 

bhe day  of 


day  of 


next. 


-,  the 
,   and 
-,  the  first  payment  to  be  made  on  the 


2.  The  owners  will  supply  and  fit  up  the on  a  founda- 
tion to  bo  prepared  and  paid  for  by  the  hirer.  The  cables,  tubing, 
switches  and  cut-outs  between  the  owners'  service   fuses  and  the 

shall  also  be  provided  and  paid  for  by  the  hirir,  and  the 

work  will  bo  subject  to  thi'  conditions  and  regulations  issued  by  the 
for  the  wiring  of  consumers'  premiees. 

3.  The   owners   will,  during    the   period  of    hire,    inspect   and 

.'xamine  the from    time   to    time,  and    will  replace,  on 

request,    such  part   of   the  said  • as  shall  be  worn  out  or 

Jeatroyed  or  damaged  by  damp,  or  by  the  ufe  and  wear  thereof 
be  rendered  unfit  or  unsuitable  for  the  use  of  the  hirer. 

i.  The  owners  will  indicate  by  a  plate  affixed  to  the  -^ 

that  the  same  is  the  property  of  the  owners,  and  the  hirer  shall 
aot  remove  the  plate  without  the  written  consent  of  the  owners. 

5.  The  hirer  will    pay  the  said  rent  without  any  deduction,  keep 

the  said clean  and  in  good  order  and  condition  (in  which 

bie  admits  the  same  now  to  be),  and  preserve  the  same  from  injury, 
Bxcept  such  as  may  be  occasioned  by   damp  or  by  the  use  and  wear 

thereof,  and  deliver  up  the  said  ■ to  the  owners,  or  to  such 

Dther  person  as  they  shall  by  writing  appoint  at  the  end  of  the 
birer's  tenancy,  clean  and  in  good  order  and  condition. 

6.  The  hirer  shall  pay  the  cost  of  all  lubricating  oil  and  carbon 
brushes,  which  must  be  purchased  from  the  owners. 

7.  The  hirer  shall  permit  all  servants  of   the    owners  to    have 

iccess  to,  and  inspect,  the at  all  reasonable  times,  every 

iuch  servant  producing  to  the  hirer  on  demand  a  card  authorising 
Wm  to  inspect  the  said . 

8.  The  hirer  will  not  remove  all,  or  any  part  of,  the  said 

to  any  other  place  or  places  without  the  consent,  in  writing,  of  the 
Dwners,  nor  without  such  consent  underlet  or  otherwise  part  with 
the  possession  thereof  to  any  other  person  or  persons  whomsoever, 
anless  by  law  required  so  to  do. 

9.  In  case   the   said  ,  or   any   part    thereof,   shall    be 

iamaged  by  fire  or  water,  or  negligently  or  wilfully  destroyed  or 

rendered  useless  by  the  hirer,  the  hirer   will  within  ■ days 

Qext  after  such  destruction  or  damage  respectively,  either  replace 

the or  part  thereof  with  a  similar  article  of  equal  value, 

3r  pay  unto  the  owner  the  full  value  of  such  article  or  articles  as 
shall  be  so  destroyed  or  damaged. 

10.  The  owners  may  determine  the  agreement  and  take  possession 

of  the  said and  for  that  purpose  enter  upon  any  premises 

on  which  the  same  shall  be  if  default  is  made  for days 

in  payment  of  any  instalment  of after  the  same  is  due  or 

if  the  hirer  commits  any  breach  of  any  stipulation  hereby  made 
binding  upon  him. 

11.  The  hirer  may  determine  the  hiring  at  any  time  by  requir- 
ing in  writing  the  owners  to  remove  the  said at  his  risk 

and  cost  and  paying  up  all  payments  which,  at  the  date  of  such 
removal,  have  accrued  due  hereunder. 

12.  The  determination  of  the  hiring  by  either  party  shall  not 
aflfect  the  right  of  the  owners  to  recover  from  the  hirer  all  rentals 
which  shall  have  accrued  due  at  the  date  of  such  determination 
and  damages  for  the  breach  of  this  agreement. 


In  witness  whereof  the  said 
unto  set  their  hands  this  - 
year . 


-  and 

day     of ■ 


have  here- 
in     the 


Signature  of  Owners 
Signature  of  Hirer  .. 


6d.  Stamp. 


SCMKOI-I.I-,    AliOVK    ltK|-KI(lti;l)    TO. 

Type  of    

Maker   Maker'*  No 

II. I- VoltH AmpH K.I'.M. 

Diameter  of  pulley Hlide  railH  or  bedplaAe 

Typo  of  starting  switch  

Maker Maker'*  No Amp« 

Ammeter    AmpH 

D.I'.  Switch    Amp« 

D.I'.  Fuses  AmpH 

Other  appliances    


The  "  Hire-Purchase  "Agreement  will  be  almost  identical 
to  the  "Hire"  form,  with  the  following  exceptions: — In 
Clause  No.  I  the  \vord,s  "one  year"  will  be  altered  Uj  suit 
the  period  of  hire-purchase,  and  a  conclusion  to  this  clause 
appended  as  follows  : — 

"  Upon  payment  by  the  hirer  of (|uarterly  pay- 
ments of each  to  the  owners  the  said shall 

become  the  absolute  property  of  the  hirer,  but  until  such 

payment  has  been    made   the  shall   remain  the 

sole  property  of  the  owners." 

In  Clauses  4  to  '.)  inclusive,  the  phrase  "during  the 
period  of  hire-purchase  "  should  be  inserted  at  a  suitable 
place  in  the  composition.  The  word  "  rentals "  in 
Clause  12  should  be  replaced  by  the  expression  "hire- 
purchase  instalments." 

Under  the  Electric  Lighting  (Amendment)  Act,  the 
proprietor's  power  of  distraint  does  not  apply  to  electrical 
apparatus  on  "  hire  "  or  "  hire-purchase  "  in  a  consumer's 
premises,  so  that  it  is  not  absolutely  necessary  to  obtain  the 
proprietor's  signature  to  the  agreement. 

The  proprietor's  consent  to  the  placing  of  tlie  motor  or 
cooker  in  the  premises  should,  however,  be  obtained  in 
writing,  and  it  will  add  to  the  effectiveness  of  the  docu- 
ment if  a  note  regarding  his  power  of  distraint  is  also 
inserted  in  the  proprietor's  memorandum.  A  suitable  form 
is  given  below  : — 

Peopeietor's  Memoeandum. 

—   the  undersigned,    hereby    agree   to    the    installation 

in  the  premises  at occupied  by and 

also  agree  that  should  the  tenancy  of  the  within  mentioned 

hirer  beoome  determined  at  any  time  the  within  mentioned  owners 
shall  be  at  liberty  to  enter  the  said  premises  and  remove  the  said 
and further  agree  that powers  of  dis- 
traint shall  not  apply  to  the  said . 

Signature  of  proprietor"!  

Or  agent  J  

Address   

Date 


of  a  ■ 


Worm-Gear      Testing. — A    paper     read    recently   by 

Mr.  F.  W.  Lanchester  referred  to  a  new  method  of  testing  intro- 
duced in  a  machine  built,  to  the  author's  design,  by  the  Daimler 
Co.  With  it  efficiency  tests  can  be  made  with  great  accuracy,  the 
average  error  being  probably  less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 
The  National  Physical  Laboratory  certifies  the  accuracy  as  within 
one-fifth  of  1  per  cent.  In  the  course  of  his  remarks,  the  author 
said  that  many  facts  of  importance  had  been  elucidated  by  the 
new  method,  among  them  that  the  loss  of  efficiency  at  reduced 
speeds  is  far  less  than  previously  supposed — in  motor-car  work  it 
rarely  falls  below  ',i4  per  cent.  The  importance  of  lubrication  was 
shown  ;  mineral  oils  were  found  inferior  to  others,  the  viscosity  of 
the  oil  is  no  guide  to  its  suitability,  and  too  much  lubricant  lowers 
efficiency.  The  heavier  loads  are  carried  with  the  best  results  at 
high  speeds  of  revolution. 

Booming^  the  Electric  Motor  Vehicle. — Further  evi- 
dence of  the  activity  of  the  Electrical  Vehicle  Association  of 
America  in  booming  the  use  of  electric  motor  vehicles  was  seen  in 
the  two-day  Congress  just  held  in  Boston,  when  about  1,000  central 
station  men  were  present.  Among  the  papers  read  was  one  on 
"The  Growing  Popularity  of  Electrics,"  by  Mr.  H.  II.  Rice: 
another  on  "  How  a  Central  Station  can  develop  its  Electric 
Vehicle  Load,"  by  Mr.  W.  C.  Anderson,  and  one  on  "  What  Service 
should  the  Central  Station  furnish  Owners  of  Electric  Cars,"  by 
Mr.  L.  R.  Wallis. 

Canadian  Taritf  on  Electric  Stoves. — The  Canadian 

Customs  authorities  have  lately  given  a  decision  to  the  effect  that 
the  duty  to  be  imposed  on  electric  stoves  is  at  the  rate  of  27  i  per 
cent,  ad  tnlon'm,  under  the  general  tariff,  25  per  cent,  under  the 
intermediate,  British  goods  being,  however,  dutiable  at  only  15  per 
cent. 


1001 


■'S:hJiit    ^JLJSOTKlCAx.    i^VlEW         [Vol  72.   No.  1,855,  jukk  13,  1913. 


TRADE     STATISTICS    OF    EGYPT.     1912. 


The  following  statement,  showing:  the  imports  of  electrical  and 
similar  goods  into  Egrypt  during  the  year  1912.  is  taken  from  the 
recently-issued  trade  statistics.  The  figures  for  1911  are  added  for 
purposes  of  comparison,  and  notes  of  any  increases  or  decreases  are 
given  : — 


1911. 

Steam  engines,  including  £E. 
hoilerf,  ^-c. — 

From  Great  Britain         ...  91,000 

„      Germany 15,000 

„      Belgium      1,000 

,,      France        5,000 

„      United  Stat«s        ...  — 

„      Holland      5,000 

„      Italy            8,000 

„      Switzerland            ...  4,000 

„      Austria-Hungary  ...  3,000 

„      Other  countries      ...  — 

Total 

Electric  viachinevy  (^including gas 
engines  and  petrol  engines). — 

From  Great  Britain         ...  62.000 

„      Germany     .S2,000 

„      Austria        2,000 

„      Belgium      3,000 

„      rnit«d  States         ...  2,000 

„      France         8,000 

„      Italy             13.000 

,,      Switzerland            ...  28,000 

,,      Other  countries      ...  — 

Total 


Other  machinery  (except  agrtcultvral). — 
116,000 

41.000 
3.000 
3,000 

48.000 

37,000 
4,000 

10,000 
2,000 
1,000 


From  Great  Britain 

„  Germany     ... 

„  Austria 

.,  Belgium 

„  United  States 

,,  France 

„  Italy 

„  Switzerland 

„  Turkey 

„  Other  countries 

Total 


Railway  and  tramway  carriages. — 
From  Great  Britain         ...  1,000 

,,      Austria       19,000 

„      Belgium     11,000 

„      Other  countries     ...  — 


Total         ...  31,000 

Lamps  of  all  kinds. — 

From  Great  Britain         ...  8,000 

,,      Germany 24.000 

„      Austria        36,000 

.,      Belgium      — 

„      France        7,000 

..      lUly           1,000 

„      Sweden       10,000 

„      Other  countries     ...  3,000 

Total         ...  89,000 

India-rubber  and  gutta-prrcha, 
raw  or  manufactured. — 

From  Great  Britain         ...  7,000 

„      Germany 15.000 

.,       Austria        7,000 

„      France        13,000 

„      Italy            4,000 

„      Switzerland           ...  — 

„      Bflgium      1,000 

„      Other  countries     ...  2,000 

Total         ...  49,000 

Electric,  telegraphic  and  telephonic 
apparatus. — 

From  Great  Britain         ...  50,000 

Germany 22.000 

Austria        19,000 

Belgium      11.000 

United  States        ...  1.000 

France        20,000 

Italy           2,000 

Sweden       7,000 

Switzerland           ...  6,000 


1912. 

£E. 

97,000 
15,000 

4,000 
1,000 
2,000 
8,000 
5.000 
15,000 
3,000 


Inc.  or  dec. 
£E.     . 


6,000 

1,000 
1,000 
1,000 
3,000 

1,000 
12,000 
.3,000 


132,000         150,000         -f       IS.OOC 


78.000 
32,000 
9.000 
3,000 
7,000 
6,000 
12,000 
32,000 
2,000 


+       16,000 


150,000         181,000 


88,000 
49,000 
4,000 
4,000 
42,000 
39,000 
3.000 
4,000 
2,000 
3,000 


265,000         238,000 


22,000 

42,000 

28.000 

7,000 

99.000 


7.000 

20,000 

32,000 

1,000 

11,000 

1,000 

6,000 

1,000 


7.000 

5  00(1 
2,000 
1,000 
4,000 
2,000 

31,000 


-  28,000 
+  8,000 
+  1.000 
+  1,000 

-  6,000 
+  2,000 

-  1,000 

-  ^.000 

+  2,000 

-  27,000 


21,000 

23.000 

17,0C0 

7.000 


68,000 


1,000 
4,000 
4,000 
1,000 
4,000 

4,000 
2,000 


79,000         —      10,000 


8,000 
16,000 
4,000 
12.000 
3.000 
1,000 
1.000 
1,000 


l.OCO 
1,000 

3,oeo 

1,000 
1,000 
1,0"0 

1,000 


46,000         —        3,000 


Total 


138,000 


57,000 

+ 

7.000 

20,000 

— 

2,000 

26,000 

+ 

7,000 

5,000 

— 

6,C00 

1.000 

— 

13.000 

— 

7,000 

3,000 

+ 

1,000 

5,000 

— 

2  000 

3,000 

3,000 

133,000 

5,000 

Scientific  instruments. — 

From  Great  Britain 
Germany    ... 
,,       Austria 
,,      United  States 
,.      France 
„      Italy 
.,      Switzerland 
„      Other  countries 


Total 


1911. 

1912. 

7.7 

'.  or  dec. 

£E. 

£E. 

£E. 

19,000 

17,000 



2,000 

20,000 

16.000 

— 

4,000 

2,000 

1,000 

— 

1,000 

2,000 

2,0C0 

— 

14,000 

13,000 

— 

1,000 

2,000 

1,000 

— 

1.000 

1.000 

1,000 



— 

2,000 

+ 

2,000 

60,000 


53,000         —        7.000 


Hails.— 

From  Great  Britain 
„      Germany    ... 
„      Belgium 
,,      France 

Total 

Copper,  hammered,  drawn  or  sheet. — 

From  Great  Britain 
„      Germany    ... 

„      Belgium     

„      France 

„      Other  countries     . 


60,000 

22,000 

21,000 

5,000 

35,000 
60,000 
21,000 

+ 

31,000 
38,000 

5,000 

114,000 

116,000 

+ 

2,000 

218,000 

7,000 

1,000 

10,000 

2.000 

160,000 
11,000 
2,000 
11,000 

+ 
+ 
+ 

58,000 
4,000 
1,000 
1,000 
2,000 

Total 

Copper  manufactured. — 

From  Great  Britain 
„      Germany    ... 
„      Belgium 
„      France 
„      Italy 
„      Other  countries 

Total 


238,000         184,000         —      54,000 


13,000 

17,000 

+ 

4,000 

14,000 

16,000 

+ 

2,000 

1,000 

1,000 

— 

17,000 

18,000 

+ 

1,000 

6,000 

7,000 

+ 

1,000 

5,000 

2,000 

— 

3,000 

56,000 
£E  =  £1  Os.  6id. 


61,000 


5,000 


THE    ELECTRICITY    SHOWROOM. 


By  "ATTENDANT." 


Of  all  places  of  interest  and  amusement  none  can  compare  with  an 
electricity  showroom. 

Designed  entirely  for  the  purpose  of  advertising  the  supply 
company,  the  showing  of  new  electrical  appliances  and  fittings, 
and  for  advocating  the  general  use  of  electricity,  it  becomes  by 
force  of  circumstance  converted  into  a  haven  and  refuge  from 
the  weather,  an  inquiry  bureau  for  any  and  every  subject  under  the 
sun,  a  receiving  office  for  complaints,  and  has  even  been  used  as  a 
medium  for  practical  joking. 

The  writer,  in  this  short  article,  is  endeavouring  to  interest  his 
readers  by  recalling  a  few  of  the  most  amusing  incidents  which  it 
has  fallen  to  his  lot  to  hear  of  or  to  witness. 

It  has  been  stated  above  that  the  showroom  is  looked  upon  by 
some  as  a  haven  in  the  storm,  and  it  is  indeed  a  fact  that  not  only 
travellers  and  contractors,  but  the  public  generally  often  use  it 
for  that  purpose.  Some  of  these  people  even  go  so  far  as  to  say 
that  they  have  just  dropped  in  till  the  rain  has  ceased,  while 
others,  not  so  straight-forward,  proceed  to  occupy  the  attendant 
in  eome  conversation  until  the  weather  outside  is  more  inviting. 
It  is  needless  to  add  that  these  people  can  always  be  distinguished 
from  genuine  inquirers,  for  their  conversation  usually  lags,  and 
more  often  than  not  bears  on  any  subject  other  than  electricity. 
Possibly  they  are  under  the  imprefsion  that  the  duties  of  an 
attendant  are  merely  to  attend,  and  they  little  think  that  while 
they  are  so  wasting  his  valuable  time  he  has  other  more  important 
matters  to  deal  with. 

Sometimes,  by  way  of  a  change,  persons  having  no  intention  of 
purchasing  fittings,  or  even  installing  electricity  at  all.  will  bounce 
inte  the  showroom  with  a  question  such  as  this  :  "  Is  this  the  only 
showroom  that  you  have,  or  is  there  another  upstairs  .'  "  Or  they 
will  ask,  "Do  electric  heaters  give  out  heat .'  "  and  forthwith  pro- 
ceed to  warm  their  chilled  bodies.  You  can  nearly  always  rely  on 
these  people  being  weather-bound,  and,  the  fterm  havirg  passed 
over,  or  they  themselves  having  been  sutficiently  warmed,  they 
proceed  on  their  journeys  feeling,  no  doubt,  a  sense  of  satisfaction 
at  having  patronised  the  Electricity  Department,  by  visiting  their 
showroom  and  learning  a  little  of  the  grt  at  value  of  electricity. 

It  is.  however,  as  an  inquiry  bureau  that  the  showroom  is  at  its 
b«-3t.  Here  are  a  few  of  the  inquiries,  tome  by  personal  investiga- 
tion, others  over  the  "phone : — 


Vol  72.    No.  l,H.-,f),  JoNK  l:t,  I'Ji:!. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    hEYIRW, 


1005 


A  lady  called  ia  a  certain  Hbowrooiii  one  afternoon  to  inquire  if 
they  had  any  houHOB  to  lot.  Slill  another  lady  wanted  to  know  if 
they  Hold  weducH  for  windowH. 

By  way  of  voriation,  u  (fcntlomon  ran(r  up  to  know  whether  there 
was  any  electrical  incanH  of  niaintainintf  a  ga.»  tinme  at  a  definite 
hei|;ht,  and  how  many  heat  unit«  there  were  in  a  unit  of  electricity. 
These  may  be  fairly  sonHible  questionH,  but  they  are  rather  a  tax  on 
the  averapo  Bhowroom  atbondact. 

Another  (jfcntlenian  called  in  to  know  "  why  two  lompH  burning 
in  Beries  consumed  less  electricity  than  one  in  parallel."  He  had  in 
this  case  been  instructed  by  a  local  contractor,  who  merely  knew 
that  it  was  so,  but  could  not  (jive  the  reason.  When  the  absurdity 
of  the  proposition  was  pointed  out  to  him  and  the  true  facts  were 
(fiven,  he  would  not  believe  it,  because  he  said  the  company  did 
not  like  series  wiriner  owing  to  its  economy,  and,  moreover,  it 
was  not  to  the  advontajje  of  the  contractor  to  deceive  him. 

A  "  Ratepayer  "  called  in  one  day,  and  asked,  "  Is  the  electricity 
undertakiujj  run  for  the  benefit  of  the  ratepayers  .' "  On  beinp 
told  that  it  was  so,  he  wanted  to  know  why  there  were  no  mains 
in  the  particular  street  in  which  he  lived.  He  was  then  told  that 
the  Council  did  not  lay  mains  for  the  mere  fun  of  the  thinpf,  and 
could  not  undertake  to  do  so  unless  they  received  some  sort  of 
guarantee  that  it  would  not  be  wasted  expenditure.  lie  was  not 
satisfied  however.  He  seemed  certain  that  the  Council  had  some 
ulterior  motive  in  refusing-  to  lay  mains  except  on  these  terms, 
and  went  away  in  a  wrath  promising  the  attendant  that  he  would 
hear  more  of  the  matter.  As  it  was  just  before  the  Council 
election  it  seems  probable  that  the  gentleman  wanted  his  informa- 
tion for  some  party  purpose,  but  whether  that  be  so  or  not,  no  more 
was  heard  of  a  "  Ratepayer.' 

"  Do  you  want  to  buy  a  second-hand  gas-engine  cheap  1 "'  8uch 
was  the  question  that  fell  on  the  startled  ears  of  an  attendant  on 
one  occasion.  He  replied  that  the  showroom  was  the  property  of 
the  Electricity  Supply  Co.,  and  that  they  did  not  deal  in  gas- 
engines,  much  preferring  electric  motors.  But  the  inquirer  was 
unabashed.  "  I  thought  perhaps  you  could  use  it  to  drive  some  of 
your  electrical  motors  with,"  he  replied,  much  to  the  amusement  of 
the  man  in  charge. 

The  persons  who  come  to  pay  the  gas  account  or  who  want  a 
wick  to  fit  the  top  of  some  particular  make  of  oil  lamp  are  in- 
numerable ;  but  there  is  another  type  of  inquirer  who  pesters  the 
life  out  of  the  average  showroom  attendant. 

The  showroom  is  usually  situated  in  some  conspicuous  place,  and 
it  is,  perhaps,  for  this  reason  that  it  becomes  the  happy  hunting 
ground  for  so  many  professional  canvassers  or  cadgers,  whichever 
you  like  to  call  them.  In  any  case,  they  number  occasionally  any- 
thing up  to  six  per  day,  inquiring  "  would  you  like  to  subscribe  to 
this  or  that  .'  '  As  the  attendant  has  to  keep  up  a  good  personal 
appearance,  it  may  be  that  he  looks  wealthy  and  prosperous  ;  and 
if  that  reason  suits  the  case  we  have,  at  least  from  the  attendant's 
point  of  view,  a  sound  argument  in  favour  of  the  simple  life. 

One  naturally  expects  complaints  in  a  showroom,  but  some  of 
those  received  can  only  be  described  as  exceeding  the  limit.  Take 
the  following  as  an  instance  ; — A  reverend  gentleman  complained 
one  day  that  the  company  in  laying  the  electric  light  next  door  had 
broken  the  flag  at  the  gateway,  thereby  causing  the  gate  support 
to  tilt  over,  so  that  he  (the  reverend  gentleman)  could  not  open  or 
shut  his  gate.  The  attendant  thought  it  unlikely  that  their  work- 
men had  been  guilty,  since,  as  he  pointed  out,  they  did  not  in  any 
way  touch  the  stone,  but  simply  ran  through  under  it,  at  a  distance 
of  some  3  ft.  below  it.  But  the  reverend  gentleman  persisted  ;  he 
had,  in  fact,  been  pointing  it  out  to  everybody,  telling  them  "that 
is  what  the  electricity  people  do  for  you,"  for  quite  a  long  time. 
On  asking  what  his  reverence  meant  by  a  long  time,  the  attendant 
was  very  surprised  to  hear  that  it  occurred  10  years  ago.  The  chief 
engineer,  who  happened  to  be  standing  in  the  showroom,  over- 
heard the  remark  and  took  up  the  case,  pointing  out  that  it  was 
hardly  in  keeping  with  the  gentleman's  profession  to  "slaug" 
the  Supply  Co.  for  10  years,  and  then  ask  them  to  repair  what 
might  have  been  an  accident  on  their  part. 

Almost  as  curious  was  the  complaint  of  the  lady  who  wanted  the 
Supply  Co.  to  alter  their  voltage  to  suit  a  kettle  she  had  picked  up 
cheaply.  "  Why  did  not  all  the  companies  work  at  the  same  volt- 
age .'  '  she  asked,  and  indeed  why  .' 

There  ia  plenty  of  scope  for  practical  joking  in  a  showroom,  but 
the  following  is  an  example  of  the  worst  kind. 

A  "  lady "  one  day  called  at  one  of  our  suburban  showrooms 
and  giving  an  address  in  Park  Lane  ordered  a  large  quantity  of 
elaborate  fittings  and  appliances,  none  of  which  were  in  stock. 
The  attendant,  however,  was  a  bit  suspicious,  and  did  not  get  the 
goods,  and  it  was  as  well,  for  although  the  "  lady  "  promised  to 
look  in  again  on  the  following  Tuesday,  she  was  neither  seen  nor 
heard  of  afterwards. 

The  following,  although  it  was  taken  as  a  joke,  was  probably 
not  intended  as  one.  A  lady  called  in  with  a  box  containing  a 
small  bell  and  battery  which  she  wanted  repaired.  She  was  in- 
formed that  work  of  that  nature  was  not  undertaken  by  the 
department,  but  out  of  kindness  the  attendant  offered  to  look  at 
the  job,  and  finding  that  it  required  a  new  battery  told  the  lady 
to  go  to  a  contractor  who  would  supply  her  with  one.  Judge  of 
his  astonishment  when,  a  little  later  in  the  day,  he  received  the 

following  note  :  ''  Mrs. regrets  that  the Borough 

Council  is  not  capable  of  mending  her  small  bell." 

The  writer  has  endeavoured  to  select  the  best  out  of  an  almost 
limitless  supply  of  incidents,  but  without  doubt  there  are  many 
more  favoured  persons  who  could  give  experiences  which  would 
provide  even  more  interesting  reading  than  the  examples  selected 
here.  However  that  may  be,  no  one  will  venture  to  dispute 
that  the  Electricity  Showroom  is  one  of  the  funniest  places  ever 
invented. 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    INSTITUTIONS. 


Ituntg(>D  Hocietf. 

A  rjKNKUAL  meeting  of  the  R().s'r<;i;s  Socikty  wa«  h»>ld  on 
Juno  :ird,  when  Piior.  C.  O.  lUitKi.A  delivered  a  lecture  on  ,Y-ray 
rellection.  Thin  line  of  work  waH  Htartcd,  he  Haid,  by  Krierlrich, 
Knipping,  and  Luue  nonio  iiionthH  ago  in  'iermany,  and  thecc 
physicists  proved  that  when  a  beam  of  X-rayH  wa-s  tranHmittod 
through  a  cryBtallinc  Btructure  impreHsions  were  obtained  on  a 
photographic  plate,  not  only  of  the  direct  beam,  but  of  a  large 
number  of  faint  Becondary  pencils,  rcHulting  in  a  complete  inter- 
ference pattern,  as  though  it  might  have  been  produced  by  a  beam 
of  light  passing  between  a  series  of  regularly  .spaced  obstacles. 
After  recounting  the  work  of  Bragg,  father  and  son,  and  otheni 
along  this  line  of  investigation,  I'rof.  Barkla  said  that  in  his  own 
experimenta  he  had  used  -X-rays  emerging  from  a  pinhole  aperture 
and  projected  them  through  a  sheet  of  rock-salt,  2  mm.  in  thick- 
ness, placed  some  40  or  .lO  cm.  from  the  anticathode.  By  the 
effects  obtained  on  a  photographic  plate  after  the  -X-rays  had 
passed  through  the  crystal,  he  was  able  to  demonstrate  that  the 
laws  of  regular  reflection  were  observed  by  the  Rontgen  rays.  The 
reflections  obtained  were  due  to  the  vibrations  set  up  by  the  imping- 
ing waves  upon  the  constituent  electrons  within  the  molecules  of  the 
crystal  surface?,  and  from  this  point  of  view  a  crystal  surface  was 
different  from  a  surface  of  mercury  or  of  any  polished  metal.  The 
X-rays  were  not  rt fleeted  regularly  from  a  surface  of  mercury, 
because  such  a  surface,  although  appearing  to  be  a  plane,  had  in 
reality  irregularities  of  molecular  structure  which  were  large  as 
compared  with  the  wavelength  of  the  Rontgen  radiation.  Every 
molecule  in  a  surface,  on  being  submitted  to  the  X-ray  beam,  sent 
out  a  train  of  rays  :  but  unless  certain  relations  held  as  to  the  dis- 
tance between  molecule  and  molecule,  there  would  be  destructive 
interference,  with  consequent  effaoenient  of  the  effect.  In  a 
crystal,  however,  the  molecules  were  arranged  perfectly  in  definite 
planes,  giving  a  surface  of  sufficient  regularity  to  produce  regular 
reflection.  Prof.  Barkla  showed  a  large  number  of  photographic 
results  with  selenite,  tourmalin  and  other  crystals,  and  pointed  out 
the  arrangement  of  the  numerous  secondary  pencils  around  the 
central  opaque  patch,  which  was  due  to  the  direct  beam.  The  in- 
tensity of  these  secondary  reflection  effects  was  in  no  case,  he  said, 
near  1  per  cent,  of  that  of  the  primary,  but  the  phenomena  were 
sufficient  to  prove  that  the  X-rays  were  regularly  reflected  exactly 
like  light  from  the  planes  in  the  crystal.  Dr.  R.  W.  A.  Salmond 
also  read  a  short  paper  on  a  cognate  subject,  expressing  the^view 
that  in  crystallography  was  to  be  found  the  most  promising  field 
for  X-ray  investigation,  and  the  chairman  (Mr.  Duddell),  in  sum- 
ming up  the  discussion,  said  that,  it  having  been  proved  that 
X-rays  could  be  reflected,  they  would  probably  be  found  capable 
of  being  refracted,  approximating  to  light  in  their  properties, 
so  that  there  would  be  no  further  need  to  call  them  "  X  '-rays. 


Municipal  Tramway  Managers. 

Akkual  Conference  at  Sundeblasd. 

The  annual  Conference  in  connection  with  the  Managers'  Section 
of  the  Municipal  Tramways  Association,  was  held  in  the  Town 
Hall,  Sunderland,  on  Thursday  and  Friday  last  week.  Between  .5ii 
and  (ji»  delegates  attended  the  opening  session,  which  was  presided 
over  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Fearnley.  A  detailed  description  of  the  methods 
under  which  the  Sunderland  system  is  worked  was  given  by  the 
general  manager  (Mr.  A.  R.  Dayson),  who,  at  the  close  of  his 
address,  was  closely  questioned  in  regard  to  transfer  tickets,  which 
are  extensively  used  in  all  sections  of  the  system.  During  the 
debate,  it  transpired  that  not  more  than  S  per  cent,  of  the  municipal 
tramway  systems  in  the  kingdom  utilise  the  transfer  ticket,  and 
the  general  opinion  of  the  Conference  was  against  any  further 
extension  of  its  use  on  the  ground  that  it  tended  greatly  towards 
the  encouragement  of  fraud  both  on  the  part  of  conductors  and 
passengers. 

A  paper  on  the  ''  Interim  Report  of  the  Rail  Corrugation  Com- 
mittee," read  by  Mr.  R.  H.  Wilkinson,  was  discussed  at  con- 
siderable length.  The  general  trend  of  opinion  was  that  the 
vibration  theory  would  prove  the  most  likely  in  regard  to  the 
cause,  and  the  Special  Sub-Committee  dealing  with  the  question 
was  requested  by  resolution  to  pay  particular  attention  to  this 
phase  of  the  problem. 

Under  the  presidency  of  the  Mayor  (Alderman  Richardson),  the 
delegates  were  entertained  to  luncheon,  and  in  replying  to  the  toast 
of  the  "  Municipal  Tramways  Association,"  Mr.  Feaenley  said 
that  that  body  fully  realised  the  responsible  position  they  now  filled. 
They  represented  a  capital  of  55  millions  sterling  invested  in 
municipal  tramways,  which  were  returning  an  aggregate  revenue 
of  12  millions  per  annum.  A  few  years  ago  the  numbers  of 
passengers  carried  by  railways  and  tramways  were  about  equal,  but 
last  year  the  latter  carried  double  the  number  of  passengers 
accounted  for  by  the  former. 

A  sea-trip  along  the  coast  of  Durham  and  Northumberland 
followed,  after  which  the  delegates  were  landed  at  South 
Shields,  and  there  the  delegates  partook  of  tea  in  the  Town 
Hall  as  guests  of  the  Mayor  (Councillor  .1.  W.  Henderson). 
In  the  course  of  a  brief  speech  his  Worship  illustrated  the 
advantage  of  a  municipal  tramway  service  over  one  controlled 
by  private  enterprise,  so  far  as  the  community  were  con- 
cerned, by  quoting  the  experience  of  South  Shields.  In  the 
early  days  of  their  system  they  received  invaluable  advice  and 
assistance  from  the  neighbouring  borough  of  Sunderland,  which 
could  not  have  been  given  or  expected  had  the  tramways  there 


1006 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi.  72.  No.  i,8.-,5,  jdne  1:^,  1913. 


been  in  the  hands  of  a  private  company.  A  cruiee  up  the  Tyne, 
past  the  Elswick  Works  of  ArmstroDjr,  Whitworth  &  Co.,  concluded 
the  day's  entertainment. 

Practically  the  whole  of  Friday  morninpr  was  devoted  to  the  dis- 
cussion of  a  paper  by  the  secretary,  Mr.  C.  J.  Spencer  (Bradford), 
on  "Petrol  and  Trackless  Trolley  Vehicles."  At  the  outset  Mr. 
Spencer  said  he  tackled  the  question  with  an  absolutely  open  and  un- 
prejudiced mind.  It  was  common  {{round  that  some  cheap  form  of 
transit  was  needed  in  many  districts  where  tramways  proper  were 
prohibitive  owingr  to  the  he  ivy  capital  expenditure.  That  fact  was 
amply  proved  by  the  frreat  number  of  applications  before  the 
current  session  of  Parliament  for  railless  trolley  and  motor-omnibus 
powers  in  various  part?  of  the  country,  even  having-  full  regjard  to 
the  uncertainty  of  the  law  on  the  question  of  who  was  to  bear  the 
fall  burden  of  road  maintenance.  He  did  not  doubt  for  a  moment 
that  if  that  question  could  be  satisfactorily  settled  without  any  very 
serious  burden  being:  thrown  upon  either  motor-omnibus  or  railless 
trolley  operators,  there  would  be  an  enormous  development  of  these 
means  of  transit  throujfhout  the  country.  Speaking:  from  the 
public  point  of  view  regrarding  both  railless  trolley  vehicles  and 
motor-omnibuses,  he  would  wipe  out  of  consideration  the  experiences 
with  the  very  early  types  and  consider  what  they  mipht  reasonably 
expect  with  vehicles  constructed  in  the  ligrht  of  modern  experience 
and  capable  of  efficiently  providing  public  service.  The  modern 
motor-bus  certainly  did  not  run  so  smoothly  as  a  rail-borne-car  and 
could  not  be  expected  to  do  so.  With  the  motor-'bus  the  noise  of 
moving  machinery  was  reduced  to  a  minimum,  and  with  proper 
maintenance  and  care  should  not  exceed  the  tramcar  in  that 
respect.  Bit  whatever  might  be  the  case  at  present,  it  should 
be  possible  to  construct  railless  trolley  vehicles  to  run  more 
quietly  and  with  less  vibration  than  motor-omnibuses.  The 
absence  of  spur-geatinpr,  or  chains,  in  the  case  of  future 
railless  trolley-cars  was  bound  to  result  in  less  vibration  and 
noise,  and  consequently  smoother  running,  than  could  possibly  be 
the  case  with  the  internal-combustion  types.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  motor-omnibus  had  no  trolley  pole,  and  consequently  no  hiss- 
ing noise  from  that  source,  and  it  might  be  admitted  by  even  the 
railless  trolley  bigoted  expert  that  the  petrol  omnibus  did  not 
need  to  stick  to  a  silly  groove,  but  could  wander  over  fields,  hedges 
and  pavements  at  its  own  sweet  will.  With  regard  to  convenience 
and  facility  of  operation,  it  had  been  argued  that  there  was  a  con- 
siderable advantage  in  a  railless  trolley  extension  system  in  con- 
nection with  an  existing  tramway  system  of  con.siderable  size,  on 
account  of  the  fact  that  after  all  a  raillees  trolley-car  was  little 
more  than  a  tramcar  running  on  road  wheels,  the  overhead  equip- 
ment being  the  sam<i.  On  the  other  hand,  if  a  small  number  of 
motot-'bnses  were  purchased  the  position  was  altered  ;  their 
design  was  altogether  different  from  a  tramcar,  their  inspection 
and  maintenance  were  of  a  far  higher  order  and  quite  another  type 
of  fitter  and  staff  was  required  to  handle  them,  and,  where  their 
number  was  small,  it  was  diflScult  to  get  the  fullest  economy  and 
eflBciency  from  a  special  staff.  In  regard  to  traffic  expenses,  he 
submitted  that  an  average  figure  in  a  semi-industrial  area  would 
be  2"67d.  for  the  motor-'bus  and  2'5d.  per  car  -  mile  for 
the  railless-trolley  vehicle,  the  extra  'IXd.  in  regard  to  the 
motor  -  'bus  being  for  lubrication.  Under  the  head  of 
general  expenses  they  might  fairly  assume  that,  with  two  excep- 
tions, all  were  common  to  both.  As  the  law  stood  at  present  the 
rates  on  railless  trolley-cars  were  in  excess  of  those  paid  for  omni- 
buses. Sd  far  as  his  knowledge  went,  the  railless  trolley-car  would 
be  rated  on  its  revenue-earning  capacity  and  the  petrol  omnibus 
on  the  rateable  value  of  the  garage.  What  the  ratio  of  these  two 
figures  really  was  he  could  not  say.  On  the  other  hand,  he  thought 
it  might  be  fairly  argued  that  the  liability  to  accident  with  a  rail- 
less trolley-car  was  less  than  with  a  motor-omnibus,  and  certainly 
the  amount  paid  for  fire  insurance  would  be  higher  in  the  case  of 
the  motor-omnibus.  After  discussing  general  repairs  and  mainten- 
ance, which  he  estimated  at  I'T'Jd.  for  the  railless  trolley-car  and 
2  24d.  for  the  motor-omnibus,  and  power  at  2d.  per  car-mile  for  petrol 
and  Id.  for  electric  energy,  he  summed  up  the  total  cost  per  car- 
mile  of  running  the  respective  vehicles  as  G'09d.  for  the  railless 
trolley-car  and  7'71d.  for  the  motor-omnibus.  Turning  to  capital 
costs,  he  argued  that  the  petrol  vehicle  was,  and  would  continue  to 
be,  the  most  expensive,  and  if  they  took  its  useful  life  at  IhO.OOO 
miles  and  the  capital  cost  at  £iS.50,  with  a  life  of  five  years,  they 
would  have  to  pay  a  sum  of  2'27d.  per  car-mile  for  interest  and 
depreciation  charges.  In  the  case  of  the  railless  trolley  £7.')ii  should 
be  a  fair  cost  of  the  vehicle,  and  with  a  life  of  10  years,  or  200,000 
miles,  the  cost  per  car-mile  in  interest  and  depreciation  charges 
would  be  r09d.  Thus  they  had  a  total  cost,  including  capital 
charges  of  9'98d.  for  the  motor-omnibus  and  7'18d.  for  the  railh-ss 
trolley  car. — Mr.  J.  W.  Hame  next  submitted  a  paper  on  ''  The 
Standardisation  of  Specifications  for  Tramcar  Equipments,"  alter 
discussing  which  the  fJonference  terminated  with  a  brief  meeting 
of  the  Executive  Council. 


OUR  LEGAL  QUERY  COLUMN. 

[ Qvettiom  addressed  to   this   column   s/un/ld   be  uiitten  on  one  side 
of  the  pajigr  only.] 


"An.xious"  writes:—'  I  am  desirous  of  erecting  private  overhead 
telephone  wires  in  a  town,  but  am  informed  that  it  is  necessary  to 
obtain  permission  from  the  Postmaster-General.  Will  you  kindly 
say  if  such  is  the  case,  and  if  so,  is  it  necessary  to  pay  an  annual 
way  leave .' " 

*,*  It  is  well-settled  law  that  the  telephone  is  part  of  the 
monopoly  of  the  Postmaster-General,  and  that  it  can  only  be  used 
underlicence  from  him.  Even  the  late  National  Telephone  Co. 
were  his  licensees.  The  only  exception  to-  the  rule  is  that  a  man 
may  sometimes  have  a  private  telej  hone  between  one  part  of  his 
business  premises  and  another,  or  between  his  house  and  his  business 
premises  ;  but  in  that  case  he  must  obtain  way  leaves  from  private 
persons  over  whose  property  he  carries  his  wires. 


"Unit"  writes: — "I  received  an  order  for  a  small  plant  com- 
plete with  wiring  for  a  certain  number  of  lights.  During  the  pro- 
gress of  the  work  additional  lights  were  added,  by  the  client's 
instructions,  to  quite  twice  the  original  number.  This  necessitated 
a  Urger  engine,  dynamo  and  battery,  which  was  put  in  also  to  the 
client's  verbal  instructions,  and  now  that  the  account  has  been 
sent  in  he  refuses  to  pay.  I  might  say  that  the  account  is  quite 
twice  the  amount  of  my  original  estimate.  I  am  quite  agreeable 
to  have  an  independent  valuation  made,  but  this  the  client  will  not 
entertain." 

*,*  It  is  not  easy  to  give  a  satisfactory  answer  to  this  query 
without  access  to  the  documents.  Assuming,  however,  that  a 
certain  number  of  lights  of  a  certain  candle-power  were  specified, 
it  is  manifest  that  "  Unit"  was  only  obliged  to  provide  an  engine, 
dynamo  and  battery  of  sufficient  capacity  for  the  purpose.  If,  as 
is  apparently  the  case  from  the  statement  of  the  facts,  the 
employer  not  only  ordered  the  extra  lights,  but  the  engine,  &c.,  of 
greater  power,  it  is  clear  that  a  new  contract  has  come  into  exist- 
ence, which  "Unit"  can  enforce,  by  suing  on  what  the  lawyers 
call  a  (jvaufvDi  iiiernit.  It  should  be  observed  that  the  mere  tisaent 
of  an  employer  to  alterations  is  not  generally  sufficient.  So  in  the 
case  of  Lovelock  c  King,  1831,  1  Mov.  and  Rob.  60,  a  carpenter  had 
agreed  to  alter  certain  premises  for  a  fixed  sum.  Considerable 
deviations  were  made  from  the  original  plan,  which  it  was  alleged 
the  employer  had  seen  and  not  objected  to.  The  carpenter  sued 
for  the  "measure  and  value  "  price  of  all  the  work  done.  It  was 
laid  down  that  the  employer  was  not  liable  for  any  larger  sum 
than  that  paid  by  the  contract,  by  reason  of  his  assenting  to 
deviations,  unless  he  was  expressly  or  impliedly  informed  that  such 
deviations  would  increase  the  cost. 

\ 


"Trop"  writes: — "The  supply  of  energy  over  a  considerable 
area  is  controlled  by  a  public  supply  company  ;  this  company 
supply  to  a  works  in  a  village  about  (!  miles  distant  a  load  of  about 
200  KW.,  where  it  is  transformed  and  converted  to  220- volt  d.c.  and 
4-10  A.c.  The  village  authority  are  taking  up  the  question  of  light- 
ing the  streets,  and  are  met  at  the  outset  by  a  rival  company 
promoted  by  certain  officials  of  the  works  mentioned.  The  Council 
maintain  that  the  works  supplied  by  the  supply  company,  who 
would  thus  become  secondary  supply  authority,  would  be  benefiting 
themselves  on  account  of  lower  price  obtainable  for  larger  quantity 
of  power  passed  through.  Do  you  consider  it  would  be  within  the 
legal  right  of  the  Council  to  insist  on  the  supply  authority  giving  a 
supply  independently  of  the  works  mentioned,  and  is  there  a  statute 
price  of  current  which  the  suppliers  (whoever  they  may  be)  are 
bound  to  accept .' " 

*,,'  This  is  a  problem  which,  in  one  form  or  another,  has  fre- 
quently been  discussed  in  this  Review.  It  is  evident  that  those  who 
control  the  works  in  the  village  intend  to  take  current  at  one  price 
from  the  supply  authority  and  farm  it  out  in  the  village  at  a 
profit.  It  is  very  much  in  doubt  whether  this  is  legitimate,  but  it 
appears  to  be  a  question  as  between  the  supply  authority  and  the 
works,  not  as  between  the  village  Council  and  the  supply  authority. 
If  the  latter  body  is  not  sufficiently  vigilant  to  prevent  a  supply 
being  transformed  and  used  in  this  way,  that  appears  to  be  a 
matter  for  the  shareholders  or  ratepayers  to  take  up. 

As  to  the  second  question  put  by  "  Trop,"  this  is  clearly  answered 
by  Sec.  l".t  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Act,  1S82,  which  provides  that 
"  where  a  supply  of  electricity  is  provided  in  any  partof  an  area  for 
private  purposes,  then  except  in  so  far  as  is  otherwise  provided 
for  by  the  terms  of  the  licence,  order,  or  special  Act  authorising 
such  supply,  every  company  or  person  within  that  part  of  the  area 
shall  on  application  be  entitled  to  a  supply  on  the  same  terms  on 
which  any  other  company  or  person  in  such  part  of  the  area  is 
entitled  under  similar  circumstances  to  a  corresponding  supply." 


Oxygen   and   H.vdrojfen. — Kefcrring  to  the  article  in 

our  issue  of  May  Mlh  on  "The  Commercial  Production  of  Oxygen 
and  Hydrogen"  with  the  I.O.C.  electrolytic  plant,  the  British 
minufacturers,  Mtssn.**.  Aktiii'b  Lvox  A;  Co.,  ask  us  to  state  that 
their  address  is  608,  Caxton  House,  Westminster,  S.W. 

Anglo-Grrman    E.\hiliition.  —  The    Lord    Mayor  of 

London  opened  thi.s  Exhibition  at  the  Crystal  Palace  on 
Wednesday. 


The    Holidays. — Tuk  Gue.\t  Eastehn  IIailway  Co. 

have  issued  a  handbook,  "On  the  East  Coast,"  giving  prominence 
to  some  of  the  less  known  parts  of  East  Anglia  and  to  the  country 
between  the  Cromer  and  Hunstanton  coast  and  the  Norfolk  Broads. 
The  book,  which  is  attractively  illustrated  in  colour,  can  be 
obtained  free  from  the  superintendent  of  the  line,  Liverpool  Street 
Station,  London,  E.C. 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,8r.B,  JnNR  i:i,  I9i:i. 


Till 


\'\\.KCT\i\C\\,    HI'lVIKW. 


1007 


rOREIGN    AND    COLONIAL    TARIFFS    ON 
ELECTRICAL    GOODS. 


Amendmenih. 

TRINIDAD  AND  TOBAGO.— In  accordance  with  the  termn  of  the 
Canadian- West  Indies  Treaty,  it  is  proposed  to  revise  the  TarilF  of 
Trinidad  and  Tobajro  for  the  purpose  of  establishinfj  a  system  of 
prcfcrontial  duties  on  liritish  (and  Canadian)  (roods  as  n(rain8t 
forcifrn  ifoods.  The  new  TnriiT  will  come  into  force  at  a  date  to  ho 
fixed  later,  and  the  following  are  some  of  the  new  rates  which  will 
affect  readers  of  the  ELKCriticAi,  llicviicw  :— 


Glass  and  f^lassvare,  lamps,  ^^c. 

Electric  machinery  not  provided 
for  below,  and  electric  dental 
appliances        

Iron  wire...  


Preferential 
tarilT. 

S  %  ad  val. 


8% 

8% 


Uenernl 

tar  i  IT. 

10  "o  ad  val. 


10% 
10% 


The  followingr  are  to  be  admitted  free  of  duty  : — 
Articles  imported  by  or  for  the  use  of  the  Colonial  Government  ; 
electric  lifjhting-  and  power  plant  on  estates  or  mines  ;  plant  for 
railways  and  tramways  on  estates  or  mines,  including  rails  and 
rolling  stock  ;  mining:  plant  of  all  sorts,  including  machinery  and 
pipes  for  the  sinking  of  oil  and  artesian  wells. 

CANADA.  —  The  Canadian  Customs  authorities  have  issued 
revised  regulations  as  to  the  Customs  treatment  of  samples 
imported  into  the  Dominion  which  it  is  intended  subsequently  to 
re-export.     These  revised  regulations  read  as  follows  : — 

1.  Samples  of  dutiable  goods,  solely  for  use  in  taking  orders  for 
merchandise,  imported  temporarily  into  Canada  direct  by  non- 
residents from  any  British  country,  may  be  admitted  upon  deposit 
of  a  sum  equal  to  the  duty,  to  assure  the  re-exportation  of  such 
samples  within  one  year. 

2.  A  temporary  entry  of  such  samples,  in  duplicate,  with  certified 
invoices  annexed  in  the  usual  form,  shall  be  presented  to  the 
collector  of  Customs  at  the  port  of  entry. 

The  importer  shall  make  and  subscribe  to  a  declaration  on  the 
face  of  the  temporary  entry  that  the  goods  described  therein  are 
buna  fiilc  samples  for  use  only  in  taking  orders  for  mechandise  and 
to  be  re-exported  within  12  months. 

3.  When  the  samples  are  marked  by  a  Customs  officer  for  identi- 
fication and  the  temporary  entry  duly  completed,  the  collector  may 
issue  his  permission  for  the  release  of  the  samples,  upon  receiving 
from  the  importer  a  sum  of  money  equal  to  the  duty,  so  as  to 
assure  the  re-exportation  of  all  the  samples. 

4.  The  permission  for  the  release  of  the  sample  goods  shall  be 
in  duplicate,  with  a  notation  thereon  that  the  money  deposited 
with  the  temporary  entry  of  samples  shall  be  returned  to  the 
importer,  provided  the  whole  of  the  said  samples  be  exported  within 
12  months  from  the  time  of  entry,  with  proof  of  such  exportation 
furnished  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Collector. 

One  copy  of  the  temporary  entry,  with  invoice  and  permission 
annexed,  shall  be  delivered  to  the  importer,  so  that  the  same 
may  be  presented  to  the  Customs  Officer  when  samples  are  re- 
exported. 

Note. — The  foregoing  privilege  does  not  extend  to  articles  which, 
owing  to  their  quality  or  value,  or  which,  owing  to  their  nature, 
could  not  be  identified  upon  re-exportation. 

UNITED  STATES.— With  reference  to  the  recent  decision  of  the 
United  States  Customs  authorities  regarding  the  admission  free  of 
duty  of  materials  for  the  construction  or  repair  of  vessels  built  in 
the  United  States,  and  of  all  such  materials  as  are  necessary  for  the 
building  or  repair  of  their  machinery,  it  has  now  been  decided  that 
electric  light  bulbs  and  fixtures  for  vessels,  and  ship  telegraph  and 
signalling  apparatus  and  telegraph  and  telephone  apparatus  on 
naval  vessels  for  controlling  gun  fire,  constitute  articles  of  outfit 
and  equipment  which  are  admitted  free  of  duty. 


PATENTS   EXPIRING   IN    1913. 


(.CotUinved  from  page  964.) 

13,646.  "  Electric  motors."  T.  D.  Hoixick.  .Jnly  1st.— Relates  to  means 
for  stopping,  startiog,  reversing,  and  varying  the  speed  of  electric  motors  used 
for  driving  cranes,  hoisting  gear,  and  other  machinery,  or  for  electric  traction. 
The  armature  and  Held  magnets  are  arranged  so  as  to  rotate  in  opposite 
directions,  the  field  magnets  being  supported  by  a  sleeve  on  the  armature 
spindle.  The  gearirg  is  such  that  if  the  field  magnets  are  stopped  by  apply- 
ing a  brake  to  the  drum,  the  armature  will  drive  the  pulley  at  half  its 
own  speed.  Similarly,  the  armature  may  be  stopped  by  a  brake  acting  on  a 
drum,  in  which  case  motion  in  the  opposite  direction  is  derived  from  the  field 
magnets. 

14,304.  "  Motor  road  vehicles."  W.P.Thompson.  (Cantono,  E.)  July  11th. 
— Relates  to  the  application  of  electric  motors  to  automobile  vehicles, 
especially  motors,  in  which  the  power  is  regulated  by  varying  the  excitation 
of  the  field  magnets.  The  invention  comprises  a  series-parallel  controlling 
system,  a  switch  acting  in  conjunction  with  both  the  electric  controller  and 
the  mechanical  means  for  operating  the  fore-carriage,  and  a  resilient  woim 
driving  gear  for  facilitating  ihe  starting  of  heavy  vehicles  without  shock, 

14,703.  "Electric  lamps."  H.  Bremer.  July  nth.— Electrodes  are  made 
of  carbon  uniformly  mixed  with  luminiferous  matter,  such  as  alkaline  earths 
or  calcium  carbonate,  lluoride,  or  silicate,  to  increase  the  prcduction  of  light, 
and  are  coated  with  material  adapted  to  form  a  fused  slag  therewith,  this 
dropping  off  near  the  arc.  The  coating  also  protects  the  carbons  from  the 
air.  Suitable  coatings  are  produced  by  electroplating  with  metal  or  by  dipping 
red-hot  carbons  in  fused  boric  acid,  borax  or  a  neutral  or  acid  borate  or 
alkaline  silicate. 


li,7tH.     "  Elftrtrlo  tampii."     II.   DiirMiiii.     .Iiilr   '"'"■       "' ' ■>■'' 

of    carbon    mlicil    with    lame   proporllona  of 

■trontluro  or  other  tmitnlH,  t'>  Inrrcaae  thii  prul  >i 

th^  elcctrodoa  contain  at  IrnHl  6  pnr  lunt.  of  ui 

form  fuHlbIn  hIikh  with   the   baiioii,  which  fall  '.rr  jn  nmail  >if,in  n'  kr  tlm  af. 
Calcium  lluorldo  and  rryolito  are  moit  Hultablo. 

18,118.    "Klunrlcrondiinlorii."     H.  Enn  hi,  .  J.My  CTili.-ron.Iu'iori   are 

coated  with  HplralH  of  i)ap(;r.  and  arc  flrmii  '             ^                              '  riK 

and   watorproolliiit   noinprntltlonri.      (J'lv  il 

armourlngH  limy  alHO  III!  urnployo'J.      'II      ;  > 

with  (1)   a  uoallng  or  watorproollng  ci  u  ;  'jf 

roalnouH  matter,  such  a*  colophooy,  and  uxiJisicd  oil,  tm  h  aa  blown  vegetable 

or  flab  oil,  and  (2)  an  oily  matter,  aucb  a«  a  heary  mineral  oil,  with  or  wllboat 
iiilnoral  wax. 

1C,005.  "  Incandeaconl  lamps."  A.  Bwak.  Auguit  Elb.— Bulbi  are  atlaebed 
to  stoma  carrylnK  the  leading  In  wirca  and  fllamonta,  and  their  necka  are 
expanded  cltlnr  in  moulda  ao  that  tlity  will  fit  capa,  or  directly  In  iodoLted 
caps,  by  the  macbino  dcacribed  In  the  apcciflcation. 

16,900.  "  RhcoatatB  and  switchea."  C.  dk  Kardo.  Augnat  21at.— A  llqnld 
reaiatanco  la  controlled  pneumatically,  together  with  a  abort-clrciiltlog  awiicb, 
Blectrodea  arc  fixed  in  a  vessel,  in  which  la  a  boll,  the  veaael  and  bell  normally 
communicating  through  ii  valve,  ao  that  the  rcalatant  liquid  standa  level  In 
them,  below  the  electrodes.  Compreased  air  may  be  admitted  from  a  resf  r- 
voir,  to  close  the  piston  valvo  in  oppoaltion  to  a  apriog. 

16,S01.  "  Electric  tramcara,  &c."  C.  de  Kando.  Auguat  21st.— Relatea  to 
electric  motors  or  motor  casings  for  tramway  vehicles  and  the  like  In  which 
the  motors  are  disposed  on  the  wheel  axlea.  While  retaining  the  largcat 
possible  diameter  for  the  rotating  parts  in  order  to  preserve  a  high  circum- 
ferential velocity,  the  motor  casing  la  brought  within  the  limited  ipace 
allowed  between  the  lower  part  of  the  car  and  the  rails  by  official  regulatiooB 
by  forming  or  cutting  it  horizontally. 

17,880.  "Electric  switches."  M.  Gi  eit.  Auguat  28lh.—Bwitchea  giving  a 
quick  make  and  break.  The  contact  lever  carrying  the  contacts  is  pivoted  at 
one  end,  and  is  formed  with  shoulders  c',  c-.  Th3  tumbler-lever  la  formed 
with  two  shoulders  o',  o',  the  loraer  engaging  with  the  contact-lever,  and  the 
latter  with  a  spring,  which  also  embraces  the  shoulder  > '.  On  moving  the 
handle  the  rpring  is  put  in  tension  until  the  shoulder  o'  clears  the  cboulder 
c^,  when  the  spring  snaps  the  switch  off.  The  shoulder  <•:'■  then  paeaea  lafB- 
oiently  below  the  shoulder  c-'  to  hold  up  the  contact-arm. 

17,786.  "Telegraphic  apparatus."  B.Q.Brown.  September  2nd.— Relates 
to  translating  or  receiving  telegraph  apparatus  in  which  the  periods  of  4  and 
—  currents  received  in  submarine  tcltgraphy  are  broken  up  into  their  initial 
impulses  for  retransmission  eitht  r  directly  with  or  without  curb  currents,  or  by 
means  of  a  perforated  strip,  the  strip  being  the  form  in  which  the  message  is 
received. 

18.457.  "  Tramcars."  J.  Tidswell,  September  13tb.— Obstruction 
removers  for  electrio  and  other  tramcars.  Should  the  hinged  "feeler"  meet 
an  obstruction  a  pivoted  catch  is  released,  and  allows  a  bell  crank  to  lower  the 
spring  fender  close  to  the  track.  The  "feeler"  is  reset  by  depressing  a 
pedal. 

20,655.  "  Electrical  conduits,  drain  pipes,  Ac."  Albion  Clay  Co.  and  S. 
Lawton.  October  14th. — Relates  to  apparatus  fcr  moulding  the  spigot  aud 
socket  ends  of  drain  pipes  and  multiple  conduits.  The  spigot  end  of  the 
conduit  is  inserted  in  a  mould  mounted  on  a  base-plate,  and  a  core  is  lowered 
down  on  guide  rods  into  the  centre  of  a  socket.  Bituminous  composition  or 
cement  is  then  introduced  between  the  mould  and  core  and  the  ends  of  the 
pipe  to  form  a  spigot  ard  socket  accurately  in  line  with  one  another. 

21.354.  "Electric  winding-mechanism."  H.  Aron  and  Aron  ELEcraiciiY 
Meter,  Ltd.  October  25lh. — Relates  to  improvements  in  mechanism  for 
winding  up,  or  givirg  tension  to,  driving-springs.  The  arm  carried  by  the 
swinging  aimature  and  insulated  from  it,  is  provided  with  two  pins.  The 
driving-spring  is  connected  to  one  pin  and  convejs  the  current  from  the  ener- 
gising coil.  The  other  pin  makes  and  breaks  the  circuit.  An  adjustable 
cylinder  fixed  by  a  screw,  serves  to  adjust  the  tension  of  the  spring,  and 
thereby  control  the  play  of  the  return  stroke  of  the  armature. 

21.355.  "  Electricity,  measuring."  H.  Aron  and  Aron  Electricity  Meier, 
Ltd.  October  25th.— Work  supplied  on  a  four-wire  three-phase  alternating 
system  is  measured  by  a  pendulum  or  motor  meter  in  either  of  two  ways.  The 
mains  may  be  cmnected  in  any  way,  and  unequally  loaded.  In  one  arrange- 
ment, the  three  principal  mains  contain  stationary  ceils  a,  b,  c,  inSuencing 
two  pendulums,  which  carry  coils  connected  between  the  two  mains  a,  b,  aid 
the  fourth  or  "  neutral  "  mains  d;  the  effects  of  the  coils  a,  b  on  the  pendu- 
lums are  summed,  but  the  middle  coil  c  is  placed  and  connected  so  that  it 
reduces  the  effects  of  both  coils  a,  b, 

21,637.  "Electric  lamps."  H.Bremer.  October  30th.— Reds  are  made  of 
angular  sections,  of  mixtures  of  powdered  carbon  with  large  proportions  of 
powered  metals  or  metallic  salts,  to  produce  incandescent  vapours,  and  with 
the  addition  of  1  per  cent,  or  more  of  boron,  liquid  fluorine,  or  other  material 
to  render  metallic  accumulations  sufficiently  fusible  to  drop  off  the  edges  of 
the  rods.  The  light  may  be  coloured  by  a  further  addition  of  25  per  cent,  of 
fluorine  bromine,  or  iodine,  or  magnesia.  Opposite  edges  of  the  rods  may  be 
notched  at  intervals  to  cause  the  breaking  off  of  projecting  corners,  if  the  arc 
burns  inward. 

(To  be  continued.) 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 


1913. 


Compiled  expressly  for  this  journal  by  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  &  Co., 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  ail  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


12,208.  "Electrolytic  cells."  E.  C.  R.  Marks.  (Hooker  Electrochemical 
Co.,  United  States.)     May  20th.    (Complete.) 

12.218.  "Means  for  automatically  operating  electrical  switches  for  stopping 
and  restarting  motors  for  compressing  air  and  other  fluids  into  cylinders  and 
other  receivers."  T.  C.  Walter  and  Displayeb  Co,  Ltd.  May  26th. 
(Complete.) 

12,235.  "  Electrically-driven  automatic  lathes."  H.  Kieszlk.  May  26th. 
(i;omplete.) 

12,238.  "Extensible  electric  light  fixtures."  F.  Garrecht.  May  26th. 
(Complete.) 

12,246.    "  Electric  sadiron."    W.  H.  Dalton.    May  26th.    (Complete.) 

12,253.  "  Metal  filament  incandescent  electric  lamps."  Ehrich  &  Gbabtz. 
(Convention  date,  April  4th,  1913,  Germany.)    May  26th.     (Complete.) 

12,311.  "Magnetic  separators."  H.  H.  Thompson  and  A.  E.  Davies. 
May  27th. 

12,335.  "  Telephone  receiver  or  transmitter."  E.  Byan  and  H.  W.  Brown. 
May  27th. 

12,308.  "Magnetic  separators."  H.  J.  H.  Nathobst.  (Convention  date, 
June  4th,  1912,  bweden.)    May  i7th.    (Complete.) 

12.377.  "Manufacture  of  stable  boron  nitride."  BBixisa THOMSOH-HotiSTON 
Co.,  Ltd.    (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    May  27th. 

12,404.  "  Means  for  securing  shades,  reflectors  or  other  attachments  to  elec- 
tric lampholders  and  the  like."    G.  St.  J.  Day.    May  28th. 

12,417.  "  Wire-drawing  apparatus."  G.  Watson,  and  W.  and  D.  Hocohton 
AND  Co.,  Ltd.    May  2Sth.    (Complete.) 


1008 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,8:)5,  J0NE  13,  191:!. 


ia,43l,    "  Manufactare  of  tungsten  metal  bodies."    C.  Qladitz,    May38sb. 

13,438,  "  Machine  telephone  snitching  s;steniB."  Western  Electbtc  Co., 
Lti>.  (P.  T.  Woodward,  United  States.)  (Divided  application  on  15,953, 
1913,  Jul;  8th.)    May  28(h, 

13.434.  "  Machine  telephone  switching  systems."  Wkstekn  ELErrRic  Co.. 
Ltd.  (F.  T.  Woodward,  United  States.)  (Divided  application  on  15,953. 
1912,  July  Sth.)    May  28lh. 

11.435.  "  Machine  telephone  switching  system?."  Western  Elkctric  Co.. 
Ltd.  (F.  T.  Woodward,  Lnited  States.)  (Divided  application  on  16,953, 1912, 
July  Sth.)    May  28th. 

13.436.  "  Machine  telephone  switching  systems."  Western  Electric  Co., 
Ltd.  (T.  T.  Woodward,  United  States.)  (Divided  application  on  15,592, 1913. 
JulySlh.)    May  28th. 

13,42H.  "Antomatic  electric  contact  apparatus."  V.  von  Vangel. 
May  28th. 

13.437.  "  Means  for  electrically  indicating  or  counting  revolotions  of 
shafts,  axles  and  the  like."  Siemens  Bros.  4  Co.,  Ltd  ,  and  F.  Hi&D.  May 
28th.     (Complete.) 

12,444.  "Electric  furnaces."  Comi'Agnie  rouH  le  traitement  des  Metaxjx 
et  des  W^'ERals  I'AH  l'Electbicite.  (Convention  date,  January  10th,  1913, 
France.)    May  28th.    (Complete.) 

12, nil.     "  Electric  radiator."    A.  H.  Brackensieck.    May  28th. 

13,463.    "  Retleclors  for  electric  lamps."    C.  C.  Rehnart.    May  28th. 

13.471.  "Vapour  electric  devices."  F.  Conrad.  (Convention  date,  June 
2l8t,  1913,  United  SUtes.)    May  28th.    (Complete.) 

12,477.  "Governing  mechanism  for  engines."  British  Thohsom-Hou.ston 
Co.,  Ltd,    (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    May  2Sth. 

12,499.  "  Means  and  method  of  ch^npicg  the  frequency  of  alternating 
currents."    A.  M.  Tavlor.    (Addition  to  8,853  of  1911.)    May  29th. 

12,527.  "Means  for  indicating  or  recording  or  indicating  and  recording 
when  a  storage  battery  has  been  charged  or  discharged  to  a  detired  limit." 
R.  Rankin  and  Electrical  Powkr  Storage  Co.,  I/rn.    May  39th. 

12,544.    "  Shade  or  globe  for  electric  light  bulbs."    N.  8.  Corney.   May  29tb. 

12,5G5.  "  Inductance  coils  for  telephone  or  other  circuits."  Siemens  and 
Halske  Akt-6es.  (Convention  date.  May  29th,  1912,  Germany.)  May  29th. 
(Complete.) 

12,5f>G.  "  Circuit  arrangements  for  telephone  systems."  Siemens  Bros,  and 
Co.,  Ltd.    (Siemens  4  Halske  Akt.-Ges.,  Germany.)    May  29th.    (Complete.) 

19,575.  "Electric  arc  lamps."  Siemens  Bros,  Ditjamo  Works,  Ltd. 
(Siemens-Schuckertwerke  G.m.b.H.,  Germany.)    May  29th.    (Complete.) 

12.578.  "  Electrical  regulating  systems."  W.  J.  Mellersh  -  Jackson. 
(United  States  Light  and  Healing  Co.,  United  States.)    May  29th.     (Complete.) 

12,587.  "  Method  and  means  whereby  equalisation  of  light  from  an  artificial 
illuminant  is  obtained."    S.  Maddick.     May  30th. 

12,628.  "Automatic  electrical  advertising  writing  reproducer."  L.  J.  Cole- 
brooe.    May  30th. 

13,635.  "  Arrangements  for  eliminating  irregularities  in  electric  signalling." 
A.  Orling  and  Orling's  Telegraph  Isstklments  Svndk  ate,  Ltd.    May  30th. 

13,G38.  "  Apparatus  for  transmitting  synchronous  movements  by  rotating 
magnetic  field."  R.  Fedekico  and  L.  Seoalin.  (Convention  date.  May  Slst, 
1912,  Italy.)    May  80th.    (Complete.) 

13,639.  "  Apparatus  for  use  in  charging  electric  accumulators."  H.  Leitnee. 
May  30th. 

12,651.  "Circuit  arrangements  for  telephone  systems."  Siemens  &  Hai,ske 
Akt.-Ges.  (Convention  date,  July  8th,  1912,  Germany.)  May  30th.  (Com- 
plete.) 

12,658.  "  Automatic  light-extinguisher."  L.  Radet.  (Convention  date, 
July  17th,  1912,  France  )    May  30th.    (Complete.) 

12,670.  "Means  for  adjusting  the  accumulators  of  electric  safety  lamps  on 
charging  benches."    P.  Wolf.    May  30th.    (Complete.) 

12,672.  "  Means  for  and  methods  of  changing  the  frequencv  of  alternating 
currents."    A.  M.  Taylor.    (Addition  to  8,853/11.)    May  31st. 

12,695.  "  Electrical  switches."  A.  P.  Lusdiserg,  G.  C.  Lundbebg,  P.  A. 
Lcndberg  and  G.  Pego.    May  31st. 

12,710.  "  Circuit  breakers  and  the  like  for  the  protection  of  alternating- 
current  indu>>tion  electric  motors."  G.  Ellison.  (Addition  to  13,285/07 ) 
May  8l8t.    (Complete.) 

12.723.  "Testing  insulation  and  other  purposes."  Everphed  &  Vignoles, 
Ltd  ,  and  S.  Eversued.    May  31st. 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
et  Messrs.  W.  P,  Thompson  &  Co.,  286,  High  Holborn,  W,C.,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps), 


1912. 


Ststeh  for  the  Electrical  Regulation  or  Clocks  and  the  Like.    L.  J. 

Aron.    23,690.    October  15th.    (October  16th,  1911.) 
Reception  of  Electric  Waves  in  Wireless  Telegbaphy.    R.  Goldschmidt. 

28,734.    October  17th.    (October  18th,  1911.) 
Electrical  Heating   Units.    E.  C.   E.   Marks.      (Landers,  Frary  &   Clark.) 

24,776.    October  29th.     (Divided  application   on  No.  10,029  of  1912,  April 

27th.) 
Ignition   Devices  for  Internal-combistion  Engines.     E.  Podlesak.    25,646. 

April  30tb.    (Divided  application  en  No.  10,209  of  1912,  April  SOtb.) 
Pocket  loNiTEBs.     K.  Jabrciss.    26,861.    November  16th. 

Theft  Alarm  Bo.teb  and  the  Like.    R.  M.  Brydone.    27,002,    November  23rd. 
Electric  Lamps  for  Adtomobiles.    J.  Gallay.    27,783.    December  3rd. 
SiONAL  Lamps   for  Automobiles  and  the   Like.     W.   J.   Mellersh-Jackson. 

(Wright.)    29,071.    December  17th. 
Primary  Galvanic  Cells.    J.  A.  E.  Achenbach.    29,847.    December  27th. 
Method  of,  akd  Means  for.  Heating  Water  a>d  other  Media  or  Fluids. 

G.  G.  Bell.    2,873.    February  3rd. 
Electric  Railway  Systems.    E.  E.  Stuart.    2,957.    February  Sth. 
Electric  Lampholdebs.     H,   Hale.    7,652.      March  28lh,      (September  SOtb, 

1913.) 
Reoclation  of  the  Freqiency  PRonrcED  BY  Polyphase  ISDrcTioN  Generators. 

Siemens-Schuckertwerke  Ges.    8,070.    April  3rd.    (April  3rd,  1911.) 
Method  of,  AND  Aitasatcs  for,  Mocldino  Silicon  and  Silicon  Alloys,  and 

the  Application  of  the  Proditcts  as  Electric  Resistances  and  Heaters, 

G.  Gualtierrotti,    10,657.     May  4tb. 
Means   fob  Establishing   Elkctbical    Comminication    between   Ships    and 

other  Vessels  AND  THE  Shore.    A.  G.  PoseoIo.    10,701.    May  6th. 
Electric  Incandescent  Lamps  and  Lampholdebs.    J.  Stone  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and 

A.  C.  T.  Myers.     10,969.    May  Hth. 
Electric  Switches.    A.  H.  F.  Perl.    11,^51.    May  9th. 
Electric  Arc  Welding,    A.  P.  Strohmenger.    11,079.    May  9th.    (Addition  to 

No.  1,274  of  1912.) 
Graded    Service    Automatic   Telephone  System.     H.  Baron.     (Heimann  ) 

11,261.     May  nth. 
Electrical  Measuring  Apparatus  of  the  Moving  Coil  T^te.    W.  H.  Apthorpe 

and  Cambridge  Scientitic  Instrument  Co.,  Ltd.    11,379,    May  Iltb. 


Remote  Control  for  Electrically-operated  Apparatus.    W.  P.  Thompson, 

(Ateliers  de  Constructions  Electriques  de  Charleroi,)    11,697.    May  15th. 
Devices  for  Setting  ihe  Selective   Controlling  Apparatus  on  a  Moving 

Automatic  Goods  Convevok   or  Tbucker  from   a    Fixed    Station.      L. 

Rottenburg  and  New  Transport  Co.    11,681.    May  16th. 
EcoNOMisEBS  OR  SHIELDS  FOR  MULTIPLE  Arc  Lamps.    Gcs,  fur  Maschincn-  und 

Mctall-Industrie.    11,812.    May  18th.    (May  19th,  1911.) 
Arbangf.meni  of  Receiving  Stations  for  Wireless  Telegraphy.    Capt.  Z. 

Dan  and  G.  Rotblander.    12,444.    May  25th. 
Testing  of  Engines.     Electric  and  Ordnance  Accessories  Co.  and  J.  Etchells, 

13,9e3.    June  IStli. 
Method  of,  and  Apparatus  fdr,  the  Production  of  Alternating  Currents 

OF  High  FREguENcv.    U.  Scfton-Jones.    (Ges.  fur  Drahtlose  Telegraphie.) 

14,390.    June  19th. 
Means  for  Obtaining  Two  Separate  and  Opposite   Drives  from  a  Single 

Electric  Motor.    H.  T.  Holiiies  and  J.  Kemp-Welch.    14,5S0.    June  3l8t. 
Holders    for    Electric    Incandescent    Lamps.      R,    Wankniiiller.      14  760, 

June  24th. 
Leading-in  Conductors  for   Sealing   into  Electrical  Apparatus.     British 

Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.    (General  Electric  Co.)    15,642.    July  1st. 
Photometers.    Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  and  B.  H.  Callow.    15.G60. 

July  4th. 
Fire  Alarms.    A.  Kirk  and  C.  J.  Baker.    15,676.    July4tb. 
Selector  Switching  Device    for  Automatic  Telephone  Systems  and    the 

Like.    Telephon  Apparat  Fabrik  E.  Zwietusch  &  Co.  Ges.    16,151.    July 

10th.     (January  ]8th,  1912.) 
Apparatus  for  Projecting  on  to  a  Screen  Images  of  Objects  which  may  bi 

Opaoue  to   Light.     W.  H.   S.   Mairiott.     16,542.     July  15th.      (Cognate 

application  No.  123  of  1913.) 
Locd-speakiso  Att.^cbment  for  Telephones.    H.  W.  Prance.    17,857.    July 

2Cth. 

COMIIINATION    OF    SUBSTANCES    FOR     USE    AS    CATTLE    FOOD,     OR    FOR    INSCLATINQ 

Purposes,  and  for  the  Preparation  of  Coated  Fabrics  and  Artifioial 

Boards,    A.  S.  Rowe.    17,564.    July  29th, 
Mariners'  Compasses.    L.  W.  P.  Chetwynd.    17,768.    July  Slat. 
Electholytes  for  Use  in  Electrometallurgy.    N,  H,  M,  Dekker.    17,686. 

August  Ist. 
Electbicallv-heated  Kettles,  Saucepans  and  the  Liee.    G.  H.  Collins  and 

H.  F.  Collins.    18,911.    August  19th. 
Incandescent  Electiuc  Lamps.    C.  Joly.    20,861.    September  6th. 
Calculating  Apparatus  particularly  Adapted  for  Beckoning  Out  Charges 

FOR  the  Use  of  Electricity-,  Gas,  Water  and  so  forth,    H,  Biuckmann. 

21,445.    September  2Cth. 
Dynamos.    J.  Polkej  and  George  Poikey,  Ltd.    22,.50O.    October  Srd. 
Lead  Alloys  FOR  Tapes.    Western  Electric  Co.    (Western  Electric  Co.  )    35,090, 

November  1st. 
Sourdines   or    Dampers   for   Telegraph    or   Telephone  Conductobb.     R. 

Schaeffer.    25,449.    November  6th. 
Supports  for  Collector  Poles  for  Use  with  Aerial  Conductors.    C.   L. 

Delachaux.    25,i')77.    No%ember  7th.    (December  4tk,  1911.) 
Electric  Electrode  Furnaces.    Jossingfjord  Manufacturing  Co.,  A/S.    26,166. 

November  14th.    (April  4th,  1911.    Divided  application  on  No.  8,193  of  1912. 

April  4th.) 
Tilting   Arrangement  for  Metallurgical    Furnaces.    Jossingfjord    Manu- 
facturing Co.,  A;S.    26,lCti.     November  14th.     (April  4th,  1911.    Divided 

application  on  No.  8,193  of  1912,  April  4th.) 
Apparatus  for  Use  in  Forming  Joint  Ends  on  Electrical  CoNDcrrs,  Drain- 
pipes and  the  Like.    R.  Lanton.    27,610.    November  29th. 
Electric  Incandescent  Lamps.    M.  Sidon.    27,813.    December  f  rd. 
Apparatus  for  Cooling  Incandescent  Wire  and  Like  Rolled  Goods.    G. 

Moller  and  J.  Konig.    27,950.    December  4th.    (December  4th,  1911.) 
Non-shunt  Electric  Arc  Lamps.    W.  Rodgers  and  G.  Rowe,    28,627,    Decem- 
ber 12th. 
Manufacture  of  Negative    Electrodes   for   Secondary   Alkaline    Cells. 

H.  P.  R.  L.  Porscke  and  J.  A.  E.  Achenbach.    29,848.    December  27th. 
Method  of  Reforming,  Vulcanising  and  SIMIL.^RLY  Treating  India-rubber. 

T.  Gare.    8,554.    April  11th. 
Apparatus  for  THE  Production  OF  Ozone.     W.  Dubilier.    11,090.    May  9th. 
Manufacture  OF  Electric  Resistance  Bodies.    G.Cooper.    11,380.    May  13th. 
Means  for  Starting  Internal-combustion  Engines  (more  especially  those 

OF  Motor-cars    or  the    Like)    and    for    Generating    Electricity    for 

Lighting  or  other  Purposes.     W.H.Scott.     11,S88.    May  13th. 
Systes!  of  Fire  Control  for  Self-propelled  Torpedoes.    H.  W.  Shonnard. 

11,459.    May  14th. 
Mfthod  of,  and  Means  for,  Closing  Electric  Circuits.    G.  C.  Pillinger  and 

L.  Sunderland.     11,486.    May  14tb. 
Electric  Switches.    P.  V.  Hunter  and  W.  L.  Shand.    11,586.    May  151h. 
Vapour  Electbic  Apparatus.    E.  E.  Darmois  and  M.  A.  E.  Leblanc.    11,870. 

May  18th. 
Telephone  By&te.mb,    E.  A.  Mellinger.    11,964.    May  20th. 
Mercury  Vapour  Lamps.    P.  G.  Triquet.    12,270.    May  28rd.    (August  80tli, 

1911.) 
Car  and  Track  Signalling  Apparatus.    J  Treacher.    12,633.    May  28th. 
Railway  Signalling  Apparatus,    J.  Stitt.    12,649.    May  29th. 
Bi-POLAR  Form-wound  Rotor  Windings  for  Dynamo-electric  Machines.    H. 

Schneider.    12,766.    May  30th. 
Automatic  Electric  Tbeemal  Contbol.    S.  L.  R.  Price.    16,178.    June  28th. 
Electric  Heater.    H.  W.  Purle.    15,429.    July  2nd. 
Pboduction  of  Magnetic  or  Electbic  Fields  Applicable  for  Chakoino  the 

Frequency  of  Alternating  Currents  and    for    other    Purposes.     M. 

Plohl.    15,774.    July  5th.    (July  llth,  1911.) 


1913. 

Electbic  Furnaces  for  Fixing  Nithcoem  from  the  Air.    6.  Barker  and  E.  K. 

Scoit.    666.    January  llth. 
Apparatus  for  Controlling  Motion    from  a    Distance,    Applicable    more 

particulably  to  the  Contbol  of  Seabcklights  or  Projectors,  Steering 

Gear  AND  THE  IjIke.    Siemens-Schuckertwerke  G.m.b.H.    1,047.    January 

Hth.    (July  24th,  1912.    Addition  to  9£6  of  1912.) 
Insulating  Sectional  Iron  Masts.     Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  G.  W. 

Perry.     1,899.    January  23rd. 
Hailw  AY  on  Liee  Signalling  or  Indicating  Systems  and  Apparatus  therefob. 

K.  K.  Btuart.    3,.088.     February  Sth.    (Divided  application  on  2,967  of  1913, 

February  .^th.) 
Field  Magnets  for  Dvnamo-electeic  Machinery.     Siemens-Schuckertwerke 

G.m.b.H.    8,627.    Febiuary  12th.    (February  17th,  1912.) 
F.LECTRic  Regulating  Liquid  Resistances.     H.  C.  E.  Boutard,     8,866.    Feb- 
ruary 14tb. 
Transmitters  for  Use  in  Wireless  Telegbaphy.    J.  Sahulka.    6,479.    March 

l.lth.    (March  JOth,  1912.) 
Electric    Motor    Meters.      H.    Aron    Elektricitalszahlerfabrik    Ges.      792, 

January  lOtb.    (August  28th,  1912.) 
Distributor  for  Electric  Ignition  in  Internal-combustion  Enoineb.    Finn 

of  Robert   Bosch.     6,682.      March  6tb.      (April  I2th,   1912.     Addition  to 

No.  9,840  of  1911.) 


#1 


\i^Jt£JEi 


H3XjECTI?/IC-A.Xj    I?/E'VIE'W. 


Vol.  LXXII. 


JUNE  20,  1918. 


No.  1,866. 


ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


CURRENT    TOl'ICS    AT   THE     I.M.E.A. 


Vol.  LXXII,] 


CONTENTS  :  Juno  20, 1918. 


[No.  l,8r.6, 
I'ago 
...      1009 
...      1010 
...     1010 


Current  Topics  at  the  I.M.E.A 

The  Endowment  of  Research     

The  Position  of  Rubber 

The  Tramways  and   Light  Railways  AsBOciatica's  Annual 

Congress  ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  1011 

Notes  from  India lOl.'i 

Correspondence : — 

The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  Lifts 1014 

Bedstead  Antenna     1014 

Long-Scale  Instruments       1014 

The  Electrical  Industry  in  China 1015 

The  Mutual  Protection  of  Engineers        ...         101.5 

Proposed  British  General  Engineering  Staff  Association  1015 

Agreements  for  "Hire"  and  "Hire-Purchase" 1016 

Heavy  Current  Lampholders  ...         ...         1016 

Legal  1016 

Parliamentary        1017 

Municipal  Electrical  Association  : — 

Abstract  of  Address  of  Mr.  C.  E.  C.  Shawfield 1019 

Prime  Movers  for  Electric  Power 1019 

Business  Notes       1020 

Notes  1027 

City  Notes 1031 

Stocks  and  Shares 1035 

Market  Quotations  1036 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies       1037 

Reviews       1039 

Notes  from  Canada  1040 

Some  Methods  of  Detecting   Leakages  on  Alternating  and 

Continuous-Current  Systems  ()7Z«.«.) 1041 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (illus.) 1043 

The  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers  in  Paris  {coTicluded)  1045 

Foreign  and  Colonial  Tariffs  on  Electrical  Goods       1047 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 1048 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications 1048 

Contractors'  Column  Advertisement  pages  xxii,  xxiv  and  xxvi 

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THE     UNIVERSAL    ELECTRICAL    DIRECTORY 

1913  EDITION. 

H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO.. 
4,  Ludgate  Rill.  London,  E.G. 


TnK  procep(]iii{(8  of  the  Municipal  Convention  this  week 
have  been  favoured  with  ideal  weather — weather  most 
appropriate  to  the  discussion  on  "  Heatinj^  and  C'wjkinj^," 
wliich  is  in  progress  as  we  write  these  lines— and  the  con- 
ditions generally  are  conducive  to  the  most  satisfactory  and 
successful  results.  The  cool  rooms  of  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  Engineers  afford  a  welcome  and  refreshing 
shelter  from  the  solar  rays,  and  dispel  the  languor  which 
might  otherwise  hamper  the  elcxiuence  of  speakers. 

The  unabated  energy  and  zeal  of  Dr.  Ferranti  must 
surely  inspire  enthusiasm  in  the  hearts  of  his  hearers. 
With  a  prophetic  vision  reaching  far  beyond  their  view, 
and  a  breadth  of  ideas  which  embraces  the  whole  field 
of  the  electrical  industries,  he  continues  to  preach  the 
doctrine  of  "  l*rogress  " — downwards  as  regards  the  price 
of  energy,  but  upwards  as  regards  the  prosperity  of  the 
industry  and  of  the  whole  nation — which  he  so  ably 
expounded  from  the  Presidential  chair.  We  are  glad  to  see 
that  Mr.  Shawfield,  ex-Presidential  author  of  the  Presidential 
address,  strongly  supports  a  similar  policy.  He  firmly  believes 
that  there  is  room  for  drastic  reductions  in  price,  and  that 
the  outcome  of  such  a  policy  would  be  prosperity  to  the 
municipal  undertakings  and  to  the  community  in  general — 
a  view  which  we  have  consistently  favoured  for  some  years. 

The  trouble  is  that,  unlike  Dr.  Ferranti,  the  managers  of 
electricity  works  are  far  too  prone  to  confine  their  considera- 
tion to  the  needs  and  prospects  of  the  immediate  future.  We 
do  not  forget  that  they  unfortunately  have  to  bear  in  mind  the 
limitations  imposed  by  their  committees  (though  this  excuse 
is  wanting  in  the  case  of  the  company  undertakings,  which, 
strange  to  say,  are  even  more  timorous  than  their  municipal 
confreres) — but  enthusiasm  is  contagious,  and  a  man  who  is 
really  earnest  and  enthusiastic  can  carry  with  him  his 
associates.  We  could  instance  striking  examples  of  success 
resulting  from  a  policy  which,  at  first  sight,  might  be 
stigmatised  as  not  merely  bold  but  reckless. 

In  this  connection  it  is  significant  to  note  that  whereas  at 
the  formation  of  the  "  Point  Fives  "  at  Harrogate  last  year 
but  seven  were  mustered,  at  the  meeting  on 
Tuesday  evening  held  under  the  auspices  of  this 
young  Association,  no  fewer  than  120  persons  were  present, 
and  the  proceedings  were  marked  by  the  greatest  interest 
and  enthusiasm.  Although  the  Association  numbers  only 
15  actual  members,  it  has  accomplished  splendid  work  in 
less  than  1 2  months — and  on  what  basis  ? — the  adoption 
of  the  charge  of  one  halfpenny  per  unit  for  heating  and 
cooking.  We  have  heard  that  all  the  manufacturers  of 
apparatus  for  these  purposes  are  "  full  up  "  with  work,  and 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  movement  has  acquired  an 
impetus  which  will  carry  it  far  beyond  our  wildest  dreams  of 
a  year  ago.  Such  men  as  Dr.  Ferranti  and  Mr.  Chattock 
thought  it  worth  their  while  to  attend  the  meeting  :  we 
have  already  mentioned  that  the  former  continued  his 
compaign  in  favour  of  the  lower  price,  and  he  also  expressed 
the  view  that  the  policy  of  the  "  Point  Fives  "  should  be 
energetically  pursued  in  order  to  extend  tlie  market  for 
the  apparatus  employed,  and  thus  bring  about  the  much-to- 
be-desired  reduction  in  manufacturing  costs.  To  improve  the 
load  factor  he  advocated  the  adoption  of  thermal  storage,  but 
we  fear  that,  in  view  of  past  attempts,  this  is  not  a  proposi- 
tion likely  to  evoke  enthusiastic  support.  But  this 
is,  of  course,  only  one  of  many  ways  to  fill  up  the  load 
curve.  Why  not  charge  storage  batteries — the  batteries  of 
electric  vehicles  r  In  view  of  our  incessant  advocacy  of  the 
adoption  of  these,  we  are  almost  afraid,  though  by  no  means 
ashamed,  to  return  to  the  subject :  but,  fortunately,  the 
exhaustive  paper  on  "  Electric  Automobiles,"  read  by  Messrs. 


[1009] 


1010 


:bJi    ELECTRICAL    EEVTSWc        [Vol  72.  no.  i,8.->6,  june  20,  1913. 


Watson  and  Mitchell,  under  the  aegis  of  Mr.  A.  Hugh 
Seabrook  (who  is  also  a  confirmed  advocate  of  electric 
vehicles),  relieves  us  of  the  responsibility.  We  cannot  help 
feeling  that  this  question  is  one  of  the  utmost  importance  to 
the  supply  industry,  and  is  bound  to  compel  close  attention 
to  its  merits  in  the  very  near  future  ;  and  we  are  glad 
to  learn  that  active  steps  are  in  progress  to  bring  the  matter 
to  a  head. 

Considerations  of  space  preclude  further  comment  on  the 
doings  of  the  M.E.A.,  but  the  indications  are  that  this  year's 
meeting  will  reach  the  high-water  mark  of  enjoyment,  profit 
and  success. 


A  FORTNIGHT  ago  Mr.  Balfour  opened 

"■"^  the  new  buildings  of  the  medical  school  at 

Endowment      r-     ,     u      •.  i        j  jj 

of  Besearch.      ^"^  ^  Hospital,  and  gave  an  address,  m 
the  course  of  which  he  touched  upon  the 
subject  indicated  in  the  title  of  this  article. 

There  can  be  no  possible  divergency  of  opinion  as  to  the 
necessity  for  research  in  every  scientific  profession  or  industry. 
The  (juestion  that  arises,  however,  when  the  subject  is  con- 
sidered, is  :  Who  is  to  do  the  work  ?  The  ordinary  pro- 
fessional or  business  man  in  active  practice  cannot  spare  the 
time  from  his  customary  avocations.  The  professor  or  teacher 
has  more  opportunity,  but  in  this  country  administrative 
and  detail  work  takes  up  the  greater  part  of  their  time.  So 
we  see  at  once  that  we  must  have  men  for  this  work  who 
are  not  bound  to  mix  it  with  other  work — not  unimportant, 
but  distracting,  and  fatal  to  that  acl,ivity  of  mind  and  brain, 
that  clearness  of  perception  and  mental  vision,  which  are, 
perhaps,  more  vital  to  achievement  in  discovery  than  to 
success  in  any  other  direction.  The  investigator  must,  in 
Mr.  Balfour's  phrase,  possess  that  kind  of  originality  which 
will  enable  him  to  point  out  in  what  direction  the  nest 
advance  should  be  made,  and  where  progress  might  be 
expected,  "  and  who  could,  by  a  happy  inspiration  of  genius, 
perhaps  suggest  a  solution  of  some  long-standing  difficulty 
which  might  throw  light  on  a  multitude  of  apparently 
separate  phenomena  and  suggest  one  line  of  successful 
investigation." 

Such  a  man  must  live,  and  must  be  sure  that,  in  turning 
his  talent  to  the  work  in  which  he  is  able  to  excel,  he  is 
not  prejudicing  his  worldly  prospects  or  sacrificing  the 
interests  of  those  who  look  to  him  for  support. 

The  employment  of  researchers  in  industrial  undertakings, 
and  notably  in  electrical  concerns,  has  made  much  more 
progress  in  Germany  than  here,  iloreover,  the  encourage- 
ment given  to  research  in  educational  institutions  by  manu- 
facturers has  been  greater.  This  part  of  the  question  was 
thoroughly  ventilated  in  an  important  article  by  one  of  the 
professors  of  ilanchester  University,  in  the  Manrhesler 
Guanlian  of  November  20th,  1912.  His  opinion  is  that 
Germany  has  here  got  so  far  ahead  that  this  country  can 
never  hope  to  make  up  the  leeway. 

The  endowment  of  electrical  research  is  not  unknown 
here,  but  is  in  much  the  same  position  as  any  other 
privilege  in  which  electricity  is  concerned.  The  wealthy 
world  cares  for  none  of  these  things.  It  is  notorious  that, 
on  every  occasion  on  which  an  honours  list  is  publishedj 
electricity  and  engineering  hardly  figure  in  it  at  all.  The 
services,  politics,  the  law — these  are  the  favoured  pro- 
fessions. The  moneyed  clas-ses  turn  their  sons  into  them, 
and  maintain  them  until  they  can  look  after  themselves — 
that  is  to  say,  they  endow  them.  The  average  electrical 
man,  with  very  few  exceptions,  starts  right  in  on  the  bread- 
and-butter  tack  as  soon  as  he  has  had  a  couple  of  years  at 
college.  How,  then,  can  he  afford  time  or  money  for 
investigation  ? 

In  any  scheme  for  the  endowment  of  research  care  must 
be  taken  that  the  right  men  are  aided.  Every  earnest 
student  thinks  he  would  like  to  be  a  rcFearcher,  but  it  would 
never  do  merely  to  provide  a  man  with  means  whereby  he 
should  be  enabled  to  loaf  away  his  time  in  a  laboratory. 

Why  is  it  that  our  great  concerns  find  it  so  difficult  to  pay 
their  way  .''     Many  will  jump  up  at  once  with  suggestions, 


but  the  fact  is  that  the  difficulty  is  cumulative.  Lack  of 
money  gives  rise  to  lack  of  educational  facilities,  and 
especially  to  lack  of  facilities  for  research.  Lack  of 
educational  facilities  reacts  upon  the  financial  question. 
The  work  of  research  and  the  establishment  of  laboratories 
for  experiment  are  the  last  things  thought  about — if,  indeed, 
they  are  considered  at  all.  Plenty  of  skill,  plenty  of  thought, 
plenty  of  energy,  are  devoted  to  office  organisation,  order- 
getting,  and  so  on,  but  it  is  not  yet  properly  realised 
that  the  investigator  and  experimenter  is  as  great  an  asset 
to  a  business  concern  as  the  most  successful  salesman  or 
accountant. 

Mr.  Balfour  appealed  to  the  liberality  of  the  general 
public  on  behalf  of  a  true  organisation  of  medical  research  ; 
and,  if  the  general  public  is  wise,  it  will  respond,  because 
medical  research  repays  the  community  a  thousandfold  in 
the  lessening  of  suffering.  It  would  pay  equally  well  to 
develop  the  application  of  electricity  by  the  organisation  of 
electrical  research,  for  none  can  deny  that  the  increased 
and  increasing  use  of  electricity  has  tended  in  the  past,  is 
tending  now,  and  will  tend  in  the  future,  to  the  greater 
happiness  of  the  nations. 


The  price  of  crude  rubber  is  now  getting 
The  Position  ,  ,      ,.  n.     j_     •      fV.1 

*•  m  v.,  very   low,   standmg  as    it    does  in    tbe 

of  Rubber.  .,,,,,  „    ,       ,      , 

neighbourhood  of  3s.  per  lb.  for  the  best 

plantation  grades.  This  figure  is  considered  far  more  repre- 
sentative of  actual  market  conditions  than  the  rather 
fictitious  and  artificially  high  quotation  of  hard  Para,  which 
shows  a  premium  over  the  former  of  about  9d.  per  lb. 

Plantation  rubber  has  now  a  very  free  and  wide  market, 
and  with  the  method  of  selling  in  vogue  at  the  auctions,  at 
which  increasingly  larger  quantities  have  been  handled  of 
late  years  in  consequence  of  the  rapid  expansion  of  the  out- 
put in  the  Middle  East,  trade  buyers  have  been  enabled  to 
secure  supplies  at  constant  concessions.  Yet  the  expansion 
of  the  world's  consumption  has  been  fully  as  great  as  that 
of  the  output,  thanks  to  the  steadily  increasing  uses  for  the 
product  at  the  persistently  falling  prices.  Indeed,  con- 
sumption and  production  have  since  1911,  the  year  of  the 
big  boom,  been  running  together  pretty  closely,  hence  the 
statistical  position  of  rubber  appears  to  be  healthy.  The 
huge  quantities  which  have  become  available  this  season 
have  been  remarkably  well  absorbed  by  manufacturers  in 
spite  of  the  unusually  adverse  conditions  which  have  con- 
fronted the  market. 

Notwithstanding  the  severe  political  and  fi^nancial  diflB- 
culties  and  the  set-back  in  the  American  manufacturing 
trades  through  labour  troubles  and  the  damage  wrought  by 
floods,  the  absorbing  power  of  the  market  has  been  really 
wonderful,  and  there  is  certainly  no  reason  to  despair 
of  the  future  of  the  plantation  industry,  whose  extension 
will  probably  be  at  a  much  slower  rate  in  a  few  years'  time. 
This  season's  Brazilian  harvest,  now  nearing  an  end,  will 
show  a  surplus  of  roughly  3,000  tons  over  that  of  the  previous 
season,  while  the  1913  output  of  Malaya  alone  is  expected  to 
show  an  increase  of  nearly  10,000  tons,  making  a  total 
surplus  of  13,000  tons  apart  from  the  notable  increase  from 
the  Ceylon  and  other  Eastern  plantations. 

Yet  the  available  stocks  of  crude  rubber  are  apparently  a 
good  deal  less  than  two  years  ago,  the  visible  supply  of  Para 
grades  being  actually  .50  per  cent,  smaller.  About  the  same 
increase  as  for  1913  is  looked  for  in  the  output  of  the  Malay 
peninsula  for  each  of  the  next  three  years,  but  in  view  of  the 
low  prices  ruling,  the  prospective  increase — assuming  that 
normal  progress  is  not  interfered  with  by  unforeseen  causes — 
may  be  easily  taken  care  of  by  the  rapidly  increasing  outlet 
for  the  product.  The  steady  growth  of  the  electrical  trades 
and  other  manufacturing  branches  largely  using  rubber  is 
calculated  to  ensure  a  constant  expansion  of  consumption. 
During  the  great  boom  of  1911  the  price  of  fine  plantation 
rubber  rose  to  1 2s.  lOd.  per  lb. :  it  has  since  been  brought  down 
to  at)out  38.  per  lb.,  and  it  may  possibly  dip  temporarily  to 
2s.  (id.  per  lb.,  pending  a  further  increase  in  consumption, 
but  stocks  do  not  accumulate  at  the  present  low  level. 


Vol.72.   No.  1.8.-..;,  jnNB  20.  i9i:t.]        THE    ELECTUKJAL    KE\IEW. 


1011 


THE    TRAMWAYS    AND     LIGHT     RAILWAYS 
ASSOCIATION'S    ANNUAL    CONGRESS. 

BLACKPOOL. 
WiiKiii':  llBAr/i'ii   AND  IIai'I'Inkss  Join   Hands. 

Such  is  the  legend  which  lirat  meets  the  eye  on  o[)eiiinf? 
the  oiliciai  f^'uidc!  to  the  (^ueeii  of  West  Coast  W'uterin}^ 
Places.  However,  one  in  tin;  throes  of  an  acute  bronchial 
attack  does  not  quite  afjpreciiate  the  joinint;^  of  hands  at 
its  true  worth.  But  all's  well  that  ends  well,  and  although 
we  missed  tlu;  lovely  country  and  picturca(]UO  scenery  in  tlio 
neighbourhood  of  last  year's  gathering,  for  nothing  will 
grow  in  or  near  the  town,  there  is  no  doubt  about  Black- 
pool being  an  ideal  meeting-place  for  the  members  of  the 
Tramways  and  Light  Railways  Association,  and  the  record 
in  point  of  numbers  attending  the  Convention  was  attained. 
The  sources  of  Blackpool's  witchery  are  its  resources.  It  is 
well  served  by  railways,  no  praise  of  Blackpool  as  a  health 
resort  can  be  over-stated,  it  possesses  a  record  of  municipal 
achievements  unecjualled  by  any  corporate  body,  and  it 
combines  all  the  good  points  of  other  watering  places  with- 
out any  of  their  faults,  and,  as  Mr.  G.  R.  Sims  has  it,  it 
strikes  the  top-note  of  human  happiness. 

After  the  Reception  on  Thursday  moniing  by  the  Mayor 
and  members  of  the  Corporation,  and  Boards  of  the 
Blackpool  and  Fleetwood,  and  Blackpool  and  St.  Anne's 
Companies  respectively,  most  of  the  delegates  settled  down 
to  the  discussion  of  the  papers  presented  by  Mr.  E.  H. 
Edwardes  and  Mr.  Fred  Bland. 

After  luncheon,  the  party  left  the  Imperial  Hotel  in 
special  cars  provided  by  the  general  manager  of  the  Black- 
pool, St.  Anne's  and  Lytham  Tramways  Co.,  for  Lytham, 
a  delightful  journey  of  7  miles  along  the  sea  coast.  The 
day  was  perfect,  and  we  all  appreciated  the  trip  to  the  full, 
for  at  every  turn  we  were  met  by  objects  of  interest  and, 
after  a  time,  with  pleasing  scenery.  During  a  long  run 
through  golf  links  and  sandhills  we  passed  the  Thursby 
Holiday  Home  for  Children,  where  poor  boys  and  girls 
from  Manchester  were  enjoying  themselves  to  their  hearts' 
content,  and  looking  the  picture  of  health  and  happiness. 
How  they  must  have  blessed  the  founder,  Sir  John  Thursby, 
of  Burnley. 

Lytham,  the  terminus  of  the  tramway,  is  a  sweet  old 
town,  well  wooded,  abounding  in  delightful  walks,  and  having 
a  long  stretch  of  greensward  on  the  front,  where  we  were 
glad  to  stretch  our  legs  after  a  long  spell  on  the  cars. 
Returning,  we  broke  the  journey  at  St.  Anne's,  another 
charming  and  peaceful  resort,  where  the  company  had  very 
thoughtfully  provided  an  elegant  tea  for  the  delegates  and 
their  ladies  in  the  imposing  and  splendidly  appointed 
Imperial  Hydro.  In  1875  the  site  of  St.  Anne's  was  a  waste 
of  sandhills,  overgrown  with  starr  grass  and  wild  flowers. 
Now  there  is  a  residential  population  of  11,000  to  12,000, 
■and  a  visiting  population  of  30,000  in  the  summer  months. 
This  and  Lytham  appear  to  be  ideal  places  for  a  quiet  holiday, 
amidst  beautiful  surroundings  and  health-giving  air. 

In  the  evening  we  were  entertained  to  dinner  at  the 
invitation  of  the  Mayor  of  Blackpool,  Councillor  Milton  G. 
"Wilde,  J. P.  The  banquet  was  most  choice,  excellently 
served,  and  reflected  much  credit  upon  the  management  of 
the  Imperial  Hydropathic  Hotel.  The  speeches,  too,  were 
of  unusual  merit  for  post-prandial  efforts,  especially  those  of 
the  Hon.  Arthur  Stanley,  M.P.,  Chairman  of  the  Associa- 
tion, Mr.  Harry  England,  Mr.  Alderman  Brodie,  the  genial 
and  breezy  chairman  of  the  Blackpool  Corporation  Tramways 
and  Electricity  Committee,  Councillor  Collins,  the  ex-Mayor, 
in  the  absence  of  Mr.  Alderman  Heap,  and  Sir  Edward 
White,  chairman  of  the  L.C.C.  Highways  Committee. 

In  speaking  of  the  L.C.C.  tramways.  Sir  Edward  deplored 
the  unfavourable  returns — we  had  not  then  seen  the  result  of 
the  year's  working — but  he  hoped  that  the  falling-off  in 
revenue,  owing  to  motor-'bus  competition,  was  only  temporary. 
The  wish  is,  no  doubt,  father  to  the  thought,  but  if  we 
are  not  mistaken,  the  excessive  outlay  on  the  conduit  will 
prove  to  be  an  insupportable  burden  on  the  finances  of  the 
undertaking,  and  the  policy  advocated  by  the  Electrical 
Review  years  ago  will  be  amply  vindicated.  As  Alderman 
Brodie  said,  the  conduit  system  was  a  costly  affair,  though 


London  hud  Kr;en  (it  to  adopt  it,  but  the  only  nynUim  that 
would  pay  at  the  j)rcH<;nt  time  wuh  the  overheiwl. 

The  Mayor,  in  Hubmitting  the  Uninl  of  the  AHMKtiation, 
referred  U)  tho  pioneer  efftjrta  of  Mr.  Ii(jlr«yd  Smith, 
which  brought  Imck  U>  ua  many  old  and  half-forgotten 
reminiscences  of  the  curly  diiyH  of  eIectri(;ttlly-pro|K.-lM 
tramcars. 

The  contributors  to  the  music'ul  programme  were  Madame 
Susie  IligHon,  Miss  Eccleston,  Mr.  (.'rumblehulme  and  Mr. 
Ben  .'\damH  (hnniorist;,  with  Mr.  W.  1'.  Young  at  the  piano, 
an  instrument  which,  we  imagine,  he  curiied  lor  all  he  waH 
worth  I  In  the  noti(;e  to  members  concerning  the  arrange- 
ments of  the  (JongresH  it  was  ho|)ed  tliey  would  bring  their 
wives.  Many  did  so,  and  we  are  fain  to  believe  that 
much  heart-burning  resulted  amongst  the  .ladies,  who 
had  to  seek  their  own  amusements  during  the  time 
the  male  things  were  engaged  in  the  gentle  art  of 
gastronomy.  Perhaps  the  size  of  the  dining-room  was  the 
cause,  but  as  they  joined  the  delegates  at  dinner  last  year  at 
the  Mumbles,  it  seemed  too  bad  that  they  should  be  deprived 
of  the  same  privilege  on  the  present  occasion. 

The  next  morning,  Friday,  was  devoted  to  the  papers  of 
Mr.  Harry  England  and  Mr.  A.  V.  Mason,  and  then  special 
care  conveyed  the  members  and  their  ladies  to  the  Xorbreck 
Hydro,  for  lunch  as  guests  of  the  Blackpool  and  Fleetwood 
Tramroad  Co.  ;  thence  to  Fleetwood  to  board  the  steamer 
Ltu///  lUoi/ra,  for  Barrow  and  Furness  Abbey,  returning  to 
the  Imperial  Hotel  for  the  members'  supper  and  dance. 

Not  all  of  us,  however,  were  allowed  to  remain  to  listen 
to  the  eloquence  of  those  who  discussed  the  papers,  for  the 
ladies  were  bound  for  the  south  shore  "  Pleasure  Beach," 
and  Alderman  Brodie  commandeered  the  great  majority  of 
the  male  persuasion  to  accompany  them  to  "  The  Sands  of 
Pleasure,"  where  all  the  fun  of  the  fair  was  at  their 
disposal  upon  presentation  of  their  badges.  The  representa- 
tion of  the  naval  battle  between  the  Monitor  and  the 
Merrimac,  showing  the  first  engagement  between  ironclads, 
was  a  marvellous  spectacle,  but  this  was  only  the  central 
attraction  in  the  midst  of  water  chutes,  scenic  railways,  river 
caves,  switchbacks,  and  innumerable  other  side  shows,  which 
made  one  think  of  the  White  City,  Earl's  Court,  and  the 
Crystal  Palace  rolled  into  one. 

To  us,  and  to  several  of  our  intimates  who  are  not 
votaries  of  Terpsichore,  the  ball  room  of  the  Imperial  offered 
no  attraction,  so  we  quietly  wandered  down  to  the  Tower, 
and  later  sauntered  through  the  ferneries,  floral  halls,  and 
palm  houses  of  the  wonderful  Winter  Gardens,  finally 
finding  our  way  to  the  Empress  Ballroom,  where  we  dis- 
covered an  elderly  Councillor  in  full  evening  warpaint  of 
"  clean  biled  rags  and  claw-hammer,"  who  had  evidently 
wandered  from  the  fold,  footing  it  merrily  with  the  ladies  of 
his  choice.  He  hails  from  the  outskirts  of  London,  but 
wild  horses  would  not  drag  his  name  out  of  us.  We 
watched  him  for  some  time,  and  concluded  that  he  was 
making  the  best  use  of  the  privileges  his  badge  conferred 
upon  him,  as  the  Gardens  afford  an  unlimited  range  of 
entertainments  to  "  Improper  Peter." 

A  courtesy  which  was  most  acceptable  was  that  extended 
by  the  directors  of  the  Athena'um  Club,  offering  us  the  use 
of  the  club  premises  during  our  stay  in  the  town  for  the 
most  successful  conference  yet  held. 

Invitations  from  the  management  of  the  Tower,  the 
Palace,  the  Opera  House,  the  tramway  systems  and  the 
South  Shore  Golf  Club  were  also  generously  proffered  to  the 
delegates  and  ladies. 

To  Mr.  Brodie,  whose  acquaintance  we  first  made  some 
18  years  ago,  we  owe  our  thanks  for  many  kindnesses,  and 
each  succeeding  year  only  gives  us  a  higher  appreciation  of 
the  sterling  qualities  of  Blackpool's  popular  Alderman.  To 
the  Mayor,  whom  we  visited  in  the  Town  Hall  Council 
Chamber,  and  to  the  Blackpool  Corporation,  to  Mr.  England, 
to  Mr.  Furness,  who  was  here,  there  and  everywhere,  to  those 
who  offered  us  their  hospitality  at  St.  Anne's  and  Norbreck,  and 
last,  but  not  least,  to  Mr.  de  Turckheim,  the  tactful,  energetic 
and  ever  courteous  secretary  we  wish  to  make  our  salaams. 

No  wonder  that  the  Hon.  Arthur  Stanley  should  conclude 
his  speech  by  hoping  that  the  Association  would  be  invited 
to  Blackpool  on  many  other  occasions  of  the  kind,  and  be 
given  the  same  good  cheery  welcome,  to  which  we  will  add, 
may  we  be  there  to  see  ! 


1012 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [voi  72.  No.  i,8.->6,  june  20.  1913. 


Report  ok  the  Proceedings. 

The  fifth  annual  Congrees  of  the  Tramways  and  Lipht  Railways 
Association  took  place  at  Blackpool  on  Thurtday  and  Friday  of  last 
week,  and  was  highly  successfnl.  both  from  the  standpoint  of 
interest  in  the  papers  and  discussione,  and  from  the  standpoint  of 
enjoyment  of  the  social  functions  and  outings  arranged  for  the 
delegates.  The  business  proceedings  took  place  in  the  handeomely- 
appointed  ball-room  of  the  Imperial  Hydro  Hotel. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Council  (the  Hon.  Arthur  Stanley,  MP.) 
was  unable  to  be  present  at  the  opening,  and  Mr.  Harry  England 
(the  Vice-Chairman)  occupied  the  chair.  He  was  supparted  by 
members  of  the  Council,  Mr.  A.  de  Turckheim  (Secretary),  and 
other  ofBcialf,  and  nearly  2(»>  members  were  present. 

A  very  cordial  official  welcome  to  the  town  was  extended  by  the 
Mayor  (Councillor  M.  G.  Wilde),  who  incidentally  paid  tribute  to 
the  excellent  management  oi  the  local  tramway  undertakings  ;  and 
Mr.  R.  B.  Barningham  (Director  of  the  Blackpool  and  Fleetwood 
Tramroad  Co,  Ltd.),  and  Mr.  C.  E.  Riding  (Secretary  of  the 
Blackpool,  St.  Anne's  and  Lytham  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd.)  also 
offered  words  <ff  welcome. 

The  Chairman  made  a  suitable  response  on  behalf  of  the 
members.  Proceeding  to  open  the  business  proceedings,  the  chair- 
man referred  in  sympathetic  t«rms  to  the  death  of  Mr.  Conrtenay, 
through  whose  assistance  the  Association,  some  years  ago,  was  able 
to  tide  over  a  period  of  difficulty,  and  become  firmly  established  ae 
a  sound  and  vigorous  body.  He  suggested  that  a  resolution  of 
condolence  should  be  sent  to  the  bereaved  family,  and  the  members 
agreed,  rising  in  their  places. 

In  calling  upon  Mr.  E.  H.  Edwardes  to  read  his  paper  theCHAiR- 
M.\N  mentioned  that  the  Liverpool  Corporation,  at  a  forthcoming 
meeting,  was  to  consider  a  motion  with  reference  to  the  possibility 
of  using  the  tramways  for  the  conveyance  of  goods  to  neighboni- 
ing  towns. 

Mr.  E.  H.  Edwardes,  A.M.I.E.E.,  general  manager  of  the  Lanca- 
shire United  Tramways  Co.,  then  read  a  paper  on  "  The  Possibilities 
of  Increasing  Profits  on  Inter-Urban  Tramways,"  pointing  out 
that  many  such  lines  had  been  constructed  which  presented  little 
prospect  of  dividends,  so  that  economies  were  essential.  The  cost 
of  electrical  energy  could  hardly  be  reduced,  nor  could  the  wages 
of  employes  be  altered,  but  the  author  considered  an  elaborate 
uniform  unnecessary.- 

The  chief  maintensince  charge  was  the  maintenance  of  cars  : 
these  were  often  gorgeously  painted  and  decorated,  with  unneces- 
sary brass  hand  railing  and  other  superfluities.  An  absolutely 
plain  car,  built  mainly  of  iron  and  painted  plainly  was  all  that 
was  requisite  in  the  country,  as  a  tramcar  was  an  object  of  utility 
and  could  never  become  a  thing  of  beauty. 

The  wear  of  track  and  paving  was  largely  due  to  the  ever- 
increasing  motor  traffic,  which  favoured  the  tramway  track. 
The  electrical  equipment  of  the  lines  was  cheap  and  satisfactory, 
but  could  be  made  a  source  of  unnecessary  extravagance.  Ornamental 
bases  and  collars,  massive  finials,  elaborate  scroll  work  were  costly 
to  maintain  and  were  not  needed.  In  the  author's  experience,  a 
10  or  20  minutes'  service  was  better  than  TJ  or  1.5  minutes,  simply 
because  the  former  was  an  easier  multiple  of  time. 

The  carriage  of  goods  offered  an  important  opening  for  increased 
receipts,  besides  tending  to  diminish  the  use  of  the  track  by  motor 
lorries.  On  one  road  alone  between  Bolton  and  Manchester, 
150  motor  lorries  passed  daily,  and  .50  per  cent,  of  them  had 
trailers.  The  carriage  of  goods  by  motor-lorry  cost  about  4 id.  per 
ton  per  mile,  and  the  cost  was  likely  to  increase,  owing  to  the 
rising  price  of  petrol.  An  efficient  system  of  electric  wagons  with 
two  or  three  trailers  carrying  about  8  tons  each  would  enable  them 
to  improve  on  this  figure  and  make  a  considerable  profit.  Most  of 
the  haulage  would  have  to  be  done  at  night,  and  the  electrical  plant 
would  then  be  working  throughout  the  24  hours,  improving  the  load 
factor.  The  tramway  systems  of  South  Lancashire,  shown  in  the 
figure,  offered  extraordinary  possibilities  for  the  carriage  of  goods. 


From  the  statistics  of  12  typical  undertakings,  the  author  showed 
that  the  average  cost  of  energy  was  316  per  cent.  ;  wages  (includ- 
ing uniforms),  40'1  per  cent.  ;  maintenance  and  cleaning  of  cars, 
18'2  percent.  ;  maintenance  of  track,  6'9  per  cent.  ;  maintenance 
of  electrical  equipment,  2 '9  per  cent,  of  the  total.  Two  of  the 
above  were  private  companies,  and  the  statistics  showed  that  their 
cost  of  energy  was  33  per  cent,  less,  wages  10  per  cent,  more,  and 
maintenance  of  track  76  per  cent,  more  than  the  above  averages. 


Plan  ok  Ixtercoxkected  Electric  Tramway  Stste.ms  ok 
South  Lancashire. 

At  present,  owing  to  the  enormous  congestion  of  traffic,  the  rail- 
way companies  could  not  cope  with  the  demand,  and  delays  of  a 
week  or  10  days  took  place  before  the  mills  could  obtain  goods  from 
the  docks.  Therefore  the  shippers  and  manufacturers  would 
welcome  any  such  proposition.  It  would  not  pay  to  lay  a  siding 
into  every  mill,  but  central  goods  yards  could  be  established  in  the 
manufacturing  areas  and  the  goods  transhipped  to  lorries  for 
delivery.  Such  a  scheme  would  offer  a  fair  return  on  the  capital 
outlay,  and  would  diminish  the  motor  traffic  over  the  tramway 
tracks.  It  could  only  be  carried  out  by  co-operation  between  the 
various  adjoining  tramways. 


Mr.  Paris  (Heavy  Woollen  District  Tramways),  in  opening  the 
discussion,  remarked  that  running  costs  were  practically  standard- 
ised to  a  certain  extent,  but  when  they  came  to  be  divided  under 
five  headings,  as  was  done  in  the  paper,  there  were  found  to  be 
many  discrepancies,  although  the  totals  might  almost  approxi- 
mate. In  the  case  of  electrical  energy  generated  by  a  company  or 
a  corporation,  the  charge  was  Id.  to  I  Jd.  lower  than  his  company 
had  to  pay  to  some  four  local  authoritit  s  in  whose  districts  their 
cars  ran.  If  his  company  were  able  to  produce  their  own  elec- 
tricity, they  would  effect  a  saving  of  from  £4,00»»to  dt: 0,000  per 
year,  or  from  2  to  3  per  cent,  on  the  capital  expended  on  the  under- 
taking. That,  of  course,  was  a  very  big  thing.  In  regard  to  the 
heading  of  wages,  they  were  now  in  a  very  unhappy  position.  All 
their  emplojes  were  wanting  more  money.  They  had  had  to  face 
the  question,  and  increase  the  wages.  He  did  not  see  finality  in 
it  ;  he  was  afraid  the  wages  bill  was  going  to  be  still  higher,  and 
they  had  to  consider  how  they  could  recoup  themselves.  As  to 
maintenance  of  cars,  bethought  Mr.  Edwardes's  remarks  were  quite 
right.  The  question  of  track'was  a  very  serious  item.  Tracks  got 
older  and  more  dilapidated,  and  road  traffic  increased.  The  Act  of 
1872  made  the  undertakers  repair  the  track,  but  in  the  days  when 
that  Act  became  operative,  the  cars  were  drawn  by  horses,  and 
the  track  was  naturally  destroyed  by  them.  Nowadays, 
the  tramway  companies  and  undertakings  did  not  destroy 
the  track.  They  only  used  the  lines.  Yet  they  went  on,  year 
after  year,  promoting  Bills  with  all  the  old-fashioned  "liabilities  " 
hanging  on  to  them.  Why  should  they  have  to  pay  for  the  track 
that  they  did  not  wear  out .'  Fortunately,  a  prominent  electrical 
engineer,  Mr.  Hamilton,  who,  no  doubt,  knew  their  needs  and 
requirements,  had  just  been  returned  to  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  he  hoped  that  his  knowledge  of  all  the  disabilities  with  which 
the  electrical  and  tramway  industries  of  this  country  were  saddled 
would  lead  him  to  make  a  firm  stand  on  their  behalf.  He  had 
ruminated  over  the  problem  of  the  carriage  of  goods  on  the  tram- 
way systems  for  the  last  ten  years,  but  could  not  see  his  way  out 
of  it.  In  the  district  that  he  represented  they  had  no  fewer  than 
four  different  gauges — 4  ft.  8i  in.  in  Leeds,  Wakefield,  Ossett  and 
the  Yorkshire  Woollen  district  :  4  ft.  7  J  in.  in  Huddersfield  ;  4  ft. 
in  Bradford  ;  and  3  ft.  6  in.  in  Halifax.  How  were  they  going  to 
run  through  cars  .'  Through  goods  traffic  in  the  way  suggested 
would  be  impossible  in  the  W'est  Riding.  On  the  other  hand,  it 
seemed  to  be  the  ideal  thing  in  Lancashire,  and  ought  to  be  done. 

Ai.DEBMAN  Smith  (Liverpool)  remarked  that  the  figure  of  41d. 
per  ton  per  mile  was  given  as  the  cost  of  carriage  of  goods  by 
motor  lorry.  If  they  could  put  three  tons  of  goods  upon  an 
electrically-hauled  truck,  and  convey  them  at  the  rate  of  about  Is. 
per  mile  during  the  night  time,  it  appeared  to  him  that  it  would  be 
quite  as  good  as  was  the  carrying  of  passengers  on  some  of  their 
best  lines  during  the  day  time.  They  would  be  making  a  decent 
income.  There  were  difficulties  in  regard  to  the  extraction  of  goods 
from  the  docks,  and  certain  other  difficulties  had  been  touched  upon 
in  the  paper,  but  he  thought  these  might  be  overcome. 

Mr.  W.  Clough  (Bury)  said  that  with  regard  to  the  maintenance 
of  car  bodies,  even  in  the  Black  Country  it  might  be  more 
economical  to  have  the  interiors  of  cars  finished  with  what  the 
author  of  the  paper  described  as  "  finest  figured  wood."  Then  they 
only  required  to  be  periodically  cleaned  and  varnished,  which  was 
much  less  costly  than  repainting  in  the  style  he  recommended.  To 
some  extent  this  applied  to  the  out«ide  panels.  The  fact  that  the  ■ 
bodies  were  well  finished  in  the  painting  and  varnishing  rendered 
the  nightly  cleaning  much  cheaper.  He  had  taken  out  the  figures 
for  both  classes  of  work,  and  he  found  that  the  reduction  in  cost 
which  Mr.  Edwardes  suggested  was  small  in  comparison  with  the 
extra  cost  of  maintenance  and  cleaning  which  would  be  entailed. 
He  could  not  agree  that  a  10  or  20  minutes' service  was  better 
than  a  7 '.  or  1 5  minutes'  service,  simply  because  the  former  w^as  an 
easy  multiple  of  time.  The  author  ought  to  look  for  some  other 
cause  for  the  increase  in  receipts.  A  20  ipinutes'  service  might  be 
altogether  insufficient,  and  10  minutes'  service  might  be  too 
frequent.  He  would  not  allow  the  difficulties  to  prevent  his 
arranging  the  exact  time-table  which  the  traffic  required — run 
with  the  least  possible  number  of  cars  and  with  the  least  possible 
running  time.  The  author  suggested  that  the  carriage  of  goods  on 
tramways  could  help  them  in  two  ways — by  increasing  the 
receipts,  and  by  driving  off  the  road  motor  vehicles  which  did  so 
much  damage  to  the  tracks.  They  should  look  at  the  difficulties 
they  had  to  overcome  before  they  could  secure  those  advantages. 
There  was  no  prospect  of  getting  suitable  trucks  and  overhead 
equipment  installed  in  the  dockyards  and  railway  sidings,  or  in 
the  mill  yards  and  warehouses.  Seeing  that  the  tramways  would 
approach  this  matter  as  competitors  with  railway  companies,  the 
latter  could  not  reasonably  be  expected  to  give  the  tramways  any 
facilities.  If,  however,  the  railways  and  tramways  were  prepared 
to  work  a  combined  scheme,  it  would  be  possible  to  devise  a  means 
of  conveying  a  railway  wagon  direct  from  the  sidings  to  the  mills 
and  warehouses.  In  fact,  at  the  present  moment  he  had  under  con- 
sideration the  conveyance  of  coal  wagons  from  a  private  siding  to 
a  proposed  coal  yard,  a  distance  of  five  miles.  It  was  proposed 
to  construct  a  tramway  track  as  a  short  extension  of 
the   railway    track,     but  at     a    lower    level,     and    to    run    the 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,S.-.(!,  Junk  20,  I'Jll). 


THK    l^hECmiCAL    K>; /lEW 


101  a 


railway  wajforiH  on  to  tho  hUhIIow  tramway  truukM,  and 
BO  convey  tho  railway  waf^ons  alon|{  tho  tramway.  Co-operation 
betwoon  railway.i  and  tramwayH  wat  out  of  tho  >|uontion  ; 
therofore,  an  the  author  itaid,  it  would  bo  neuoHsary  to  have 
central  (food.s  yardH  in  tho  various  towuH.  Huppowo  tho  tram- 
way authorities  formed  a  joint  board  with  jjoodH  warohounoH 
throujrhout  tho  manufauturint;  distriet  of  LancaHhiro.  Tho  tram- 
way companies  would  bo  in  tho  Hamo  pouition  aH  tho  railway  com- 
paiiin.s  wore  in  to-day.  On  tho  one  hand  they  would  have  a  Hot  of 
warohousea  or  depots  connected  by  tramways.  On  tho  other  hand 
thoy  would  have  a  sot  of  warehouHOS  connected  by  railways,  with 
the  admitted  additional  advantajres,  in  the  case  of  tho  railwayH, 
that  there  existed  facilities  for  the  exchanRo  of  nfoods,  and  they 
were  able  to  got  into  tho  warehouses  alonf^side  the  docks.  The 
only  way  in  which  the  tramways  could  possibly  secure  any  advan- 
tajre  would  be  in  the  cost  of  haulaffe.  Could  the  tramways  carry 
l^oods  at  a  cheaper  rate  than  the  railways  now  ohar(?ed  /  The 
railway  company  was  asked  to  convey  25  tons  of  cotton  poods  from 
Bury  to  Liverpool,  a  distance  of  35  miles,  and  quoted  a  rate  of  lOs. 
per  ton,  station  to  station.  The  total  cost  was  £12  lOs.  To 
convey  those  '25  tons  by  tramway  they  would  require  three 
vehicles,  for  they  must  remember  the  bulk,  as  well  as  the  weip^ht 
of  the  materials.  One  vehicle  fitted  with  electrical  equipment 
would  cost,  say,  £7.">0,  and  the  other  two,  without  electrical  equip- 
ment, would  cost  £500  each,  a  total  of  £1,750.  Giving  a  10  years' 
life,  and  tho  money  borrowed  at  .'ij  per  cent.,  the  annual  charge 
of  £230  53.  for  interest  and  depreciation,  provided  the 
vehicles  were  in  use  six  days  per  week,  equalled  158.  9d.  per 
day.  The  wages  and  expenses  of  two  men  taking  the  vehicles  to 
Liverpool  would  be  7s.  tJd.  ;  the  cost  of  electrical  energy,  1  unit  per 
vehicle  per  mile  at  Id.  per  unit  would  be  8s.  9d.  ;  the  maintenance 
and  repair  of  vehicles  at  id.  per  mile  run  would  be  68.  7d. ;  the 
mileage  to  be  paid  to  other  authorities,  say,  (id.  per  car-mile,  which 
was  sufficient  to  cover  wear  and  tear  and  renewals  of  track  and 
overhead  equipment,  was  £2  123.  6d.  :  making  a  total  cost  of 
£4  Us.  Id.,  provided  there  was  a  return  load.  If  the  vehicles 
had  to  return  empty  there  required  to  be  added  : — Wages,  7s.  Gd.  ; 
energy,  8s.  9d.  ;  maintenance  and  repairs,  63.  7d.  ;  and  mileage 
£2  123.  6d.,  which  amounted  to  £3  15s.  id.,  or  to  a  total  of 
£8  63.  5d.  Compared  with  the  present  charges  of  the  railway 
company  this  left  a  balance  of  £4  33.  7d.,  with  which  to  pay  for  the 
cost  of  warehousing  at  eajh  end  of  the  line.  Now  take  the  case 
of  the  goods  carried  by  motor.  At  the  author's  figure  of  4  id.  per 
ton  per  mile,  this  equalled  £16  8s.  Id.,  but  for  this  amount  the 
goods  were  conveyed  direct  from  the  mill  at  one  end  to  the  ship- 
ping warehouse  at  the  other.  Therefore,  to  compare  the  costs 
there  must  bi  added  on  to  the  tramway  costs  the  expense  of  cart- 
ing and  handling  at  each  end  of  the  line.  One  mile  of  carting 
at  each  end  would  be  a  fair  average,  and  that  would  amount 
to  £2  lOs.  The  tramway  cost  would  therefore  be  increased  to 
£10  16?.  5d.,  and,  cjmpared  with  the  motor,  this  left  a  balance  of 
£5  11 9.  8d.  in  favour  of  the  tramway,  plus  any  advantage  from  a 
return  loid.  There  would  scarcely  be  time,  he  thought,  to  travel 
the  70  miles  of  the  return  journey  between  the  hours  of  11  p.m. 
and  4.30  a.m ,  but  this  difficulty  could  be  overcome  by  an 
exchange  of  crew.^,  which  would  be  possible  if  worked  under  a 
joint  control.  He  balieved.  with  the  author,  that  now  that  rail- 
way rates  had  been  so  much  increased,  and  with  the  increasing 
cost  of  petrol,  the  tramways  were  to-day  in  a  position  to 
compete  with  railways  or  motor  haulage,  and  he  would  be 
prepared  to  meet  any  others  to  consider  whether  a  joint  board 
could  be  formed  to  take  up  this  question  of  additional  means  of 
revenue.  One  of  the  first  questions  they  would  have  to  ask  would 
be  whether  the  tramway  authorities  had  power  to  enter  into  this 
traffic.  In  the  case  of  his  own  system,  they  had  power  provided 
that  not  more  than  4d.  per  ton  per  mile  was  charged. 

Me.  J.  W.  DUGDALE  (Oldham)  said  it  was  quite  feasible  to 
arrange  for  a  board  to  deal  with  this  traffic.  He  represented  the 
important  spinning  town  of  Oldham,  where  there  were  89  cotton 
mills,  with  6,250,000  spindles.  In  Oldham  and  district  there  were 
197  cotton  firms,  with  14,750,000  spindles.  The  amount  of  raw 
material  used  in  Oldham  was  5,000  tons  per  week.  There  were 
i  ,700  tons  of  raw  material  brought  by  road  from  Manchester  to 
Oldham,  and  the  total  quantity  of  yarn  dispatched  by  road  from 
Oldham  to  various  places  amounted  to  2,500  tons  per  week,  the 
quantity  to  Manchester  being  1,000  tons  per  week.  There  was  a 
great  field  there  for  them. 

Me.  C.  D.  Stanley  (St.  Helens)  said  the  statement  had  been 
made  that  "  Bright,  nicely -painted  cars  attracted  traffic."  In  an 
industrial  town  in  Lancashire  the  one  thing  that  attracted  traffic 
was  a  good  and  convenient  service.  To  spend  15s.  on  elaborate 
decoration  of  each  tramway  pole  per  annum  was  not  only  wasteful 
but  artistically  wrong.  A  tramway  pole  was  for  use,  and  should 
be  strong,  plain  and  straight ;  elaborate  work  was  out  of  place. 
In  regard  to  tramway  services,  on  one  of  their  routes  they  had 
recently  discontinued  a  15  minutes'  service,  and  had  put  on  a 
20  minutes'  service  instead,  with  the  result  that  the  service  was 
actually  more  popular,  and  there  was  an  increase  in  receipts.  Very 
largely  the  reason  was  that  the  loops  were  in  very  bad  places,  and 
the  16  minutes'  service  did  not  run  well,  whilst  a  20  minutes' 
service  happened  to  fit.  As  to  the  carriage  of  goods,  he  thought 
a  scheme  could  be  devised  by  which  a  railwav  and  a  tramway 
could  co-opprate,  just  as  railway  companipsand  other  haulage  firms 
co-operated  at  present.  The  carriage  of  goods  on  the  tramways 
between  Liverpool  and  the  manufacturing  districts  of  Lancashire 
was  bound  to  come. 

Me.  Edwardes,  in  the  course  of  his  reply  upon  the  discussion, 
said  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  the  carriage  of  goods  were 
iiicreased  enormously  when  all  the  gauges  in  a  district  were 
different,    Fortunately,  in  Lancashire  they  were  not  different.    A» 


to  the  oar  dm;orittlon,  if  the  innidt;  of  a  cur  wan  lined  with  dekl  and 
Htuliii'd  and  variiinhed,  it  wan  c^iually  ah  k<">(I  an  thrcivpjy  maple 
and  tlgiircd  ouk.  It  wan  quite  an  CB.<<y  to  clean,  and,  in  regard  to 
the  out>tida,  it  was  the  varninh  that  h  inpliBcd  tho  cleanloK,  net  the 
brightly  coloured  paiiitH  and  traniifern.  Clean  cam  did  attract 
train.);  beautiful  earn  did  not  at  any  rate  in  Lintuwhiro.  He 
thought  tho  diflii;ulty  of  running  truekn  on  railway  linen  <xiuld  be 
overcome.  At  Liverpool  ho  b'llicved  the  linen  at  the  dock*  were 
owned  by  the  Dock  and  Harlwur  Board,  and,  therefore,  they  would 
not  have  to  ank  the  railway  companieH  for  their  linen.  Another 
point  was  that  tho  railwayn  did  not  run  BidingH  int<j  tho  Lancnthire 
mills. 

(7V;  hi'  continufd.') 


NOTES    FROM    INDIA. 


[t'K(Jit   OUR   OWX  COHKESrOXDKXT.] 


Lahore. — lb  was  obvious  from  the  beginning  that  an 
electric  supply  company  would  be  a  success  in  this  very 
important  capital  of  the  Punjab.  The  capital  has  been 
subscribed  by  a  coterie  of  local  Indian  magnates — men  of 
shrewdness  and  enterprise,  who  foresaw  a  good  return  for 
invested  money.  New  consumers  continue  to  be  added  to 
the  mains  daily,  both  for  lighting  and  power  purposes,  and 
most  of  the  Government  buildings  have  been  or  are  being 
electrically  wired.  Hence  local  wiring  contractors  have  been 
reaping  a  good  harvest,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  they  will 
continue  to  do  so  for  some  years  to  come  as  the  mains  are 
extended.  A  good  few  motors  have  been  connected  on  to 
the  system  ;  and  these  are  being  watched  with  considerable 
interest  by  some  of  the  more  conservative  steam  users  in 
local  mills  and  factories. 

Lahore.  North-  Western  Raitway. — Mr.  Cardew,  who  for 
some  years  held  the  impoi'tant  post  of  Electrical  Inspector  to 
the  Madras  Government,  has  been  recently  appointed 
Chief  Electrical  Engineer  to  the  North-Western  Railway, 
whose  headquarters  are  at  Lahore.  His  predecessor,  Mr.  G.  H. 
Wright,  who  held  the  position  for  many  years,  has  retired 
— young  in  years,  robust  in  health  and,  runmur  has  it, 
robust  in  wealth  to  boot. 

Amritzar,  close  to  Lahore,  and  remarkable  for  its  wonder- 
ful Golden  Temple  of  the  Sikhs,  sent  out  inquiries  not  long 
ago,  through  its  enterprising  municipal  engineer,  for  schemes 
for  electric  lighting  and  power.  Much  money  and  labour 
were  spent  by  several  firms  of  contractors  both  in  Bombay 
and  Calcutta  in  planning  out  suitable  schemes  and  estimates  ; 
but  so  far.  nothing  seems  to  have  resulted.  The  pity  of  it  is 
that,  when  lighting  and  power  schemes  of  this  nature  are 
contemplated,  the  authorities  concerned  do  not  either  appoint 
a  reputable  consulting  engineer  for  a  fixed  fee  to  draw  up 
plans  and  specifications,  or  appeal  to  Government  to  help  by 
lending  one  of  their  many  capable  electrical  engineers  to  do 
so.  This,  of  course,  would  be  a  business-like  way  of  doing 
things,  but — we  are  in  India. 

Xagpur. — Messrs.  Crompton  &  Co.,  of  Bombay,  who  are 
the  main  contractors  for  the  electrical  equipment  of  the 
Nagpur  Electrical  Supply  Co.,  are  proceeding  with  the 
work  in  not  too  rapid  a  manner.  It  was  hoped  at  one  time 
that  possibly  current  might  be  available  for  at  least  some 
fans  for  this  hot  weather,  but  according  to  the  look  of 
things  this  will  not  be  so.  Contracts  have  not  as  yet  been 
given  for  the  wiring  of  the  many  Government  buildings, 
current  for  which  will  at  first  go  to  form  the  major  portion 
of  the  power  house  load.  Several  Bombay  and  Calcutta  firms 
have  put  in  tenders,  varying  from  £1  to  £1  10s.  per  point, 
including  drop  pendants,  and  prices  for  fans  vary  from 
£5  lOs.  to  £6,  with  regulators  thrown  in.  As  there  is  no 
official  electrical  engineer  }et  in  the  Central  Provinces,  the 
responsibility  of  deciding  on  the  above  varying  figures  may 
be  the  cause  of  the  delay. 

Port  Trust,  Calcutta.— 'Messrs.  Pyne,  Hughman  it  Co. 
recently  obtained  a  contract  for  supplying  IS-  electric  2-ton 
lifts,  at  a  cost  of  just  under  one  lac  of  rupees,  for  the  new 
extensions  at  the  Port  Trust.  This  very  enterprising  young 
"firm  is  forging  ahead  rapidly.  On  most  of  the  large  new 
buildings  in  Calcutta  their  name-boards  testify  that  they 
have  almost  a  monopoly  of  passenger  lift  work. 

D 


1014 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.         [Vol  72.  No.  i.sse,  June  20,  1913. 


"  Henley's  metal-covered  wire  "  system  has  caught  on 
rapidly,  and  is  being  generally  specified  for  important 
buildings.  It  is  cheap,  fairly  easily  fixed,  and  when  carefully 
put  up  looks  neat  and  does  not  interfere  with  decorative 
schemes  of  interiors.  If  it  is  found  to  be  lasting  in  our 
Indian  climate  it  should  eventually  oust  from  the  market 
most  of  the  other  "  systems  "  which  have  held  the  field  for 
years  back  ;  but  its  lasting  qualities  have  still  to  be  proven. 
In  India  one  has  to  hasten  slowly  with  innovations,  be  they 
ever  so  certain  in  their  behaviour  at  home. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Lettert  reoeivfd  by  tu  after  6  P.M.  ON  Tuesday  cannot  appear  ittUil 
the  follmoing  week.  Correipcmdenti  thould  forward  their  communi- 
caiiont  at  the  earliett  posrihle  moment.  No  letter  can  he  puhlithed 
unlett  UM  have  the  writer' t  name  and  addreit  in  our  voitettion. 


The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  LiftH. 

Whilst  agreeing  with  several  points  put  forward  by 
Messrs.  Smith,  Major  &  .Stevens,  Ltd.,  in  their  letter  dated 
•June  2nd,  I  think  they  have  misunderstood  my  idea  of  an 
ideal  lock.  To  make  matters  more  clear,  I  should  have 
added  that  though  gravity  or  springs  may  take  a  part  in  the 
operation  of  the  lock,  should  these  fail  the  gate  or  door  shall 
not  open  unless  the  car  is  at  that  floor.  This,  I  contend,  is 
not  the  case  with  the  most  up-to-date  locks  fitted  by  different 
makers  at  the  present  day — not  even  with  the  locks  manu 
factured  by  Messrs.  Smith,  Major  &  Stevens,  Ltd.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  within  the  last  two  months,  I  have  on  two 
occasions  experienced  failures  of  their  lock  patent  No. 
2,7G(;,  fitted  to  the  doors  of  a  totally  enclosed  well  of  a 
push-button  lift  installed  in  a  private  house  in  the  West 
End  of  London.  On  the  first  occasion  the  butler  telephoned 
up  in  much  alarm,  he  having  found  that  the  door  on  the 
ground  floor  could  be  opened  whilst  the  lift  was  away  from 
that  floor.  On  the  second  occasion,  I  discovered  the 
defect  whilst  inspecting  the  lift.  In  both  cases  broken 
springs  were  the  cause  of  failure,  and  marred  what 
was  otherwise  a  very  etiScient  lock.  This  lift 
was  installed  two  years  ago,  and  is  therefore  practically  up 
to  date.  I  do  not  quarrel  with  the  use  of  long  inclined 
planes  in  order  to  give  a  good  margin  for  the  unlocking  of 
gates.  What  I  do  raise  objection  to  is  the  fact  that  owing 
to  the  interlocking  device  being  independent  of  the  switch 
and  latch,  there  is  the  possibility  of  the  gate  or  door  not 
being  securely  locked  without  interfering  with  the  running 
of  the  lift.  At  the  time  of  writing,  I  have  been  brought 
into  touch  with  the  inventor  of  a  lock  which,  strange  to  say, 
as  far  as  I  can  at  present  see,  practically  covers  all  the 
requirements  of  my  ideal  lock,  but  not  as  yet  having  seen 
one  in  actual  use,  I  cannot  state  definitely  whether,  to  my 
mind,  the  absolutely  safe  lock  has  at  last  been  invented. 

W.  H.  Carroll. 

London,  V^.,  June  Hjl/i,  r.tl8. 


The  attempt  made  by  Messrs.  Smith,  Major  &  Stevens, 
Ltd.,  in  your  last  issue  to  clear  away  "  confusion  of  thought 
and  false  reasoning "  in  the  very  clear  remarks  of  Mr. 
Cooper,  appears  to  be  singularly  unfortunate. 

Referring  to  the  sentence  :  "  No  gate  can  be  opened  until 
the  current  has  l«en  cut  oflf  from  the  controller,"  your 
correspondent's  assumption  that  the  locking  and  unlocking 
is  shifted  to  the  lontroller  is  surely  without  good  ground, 
as  there  is  no  necessary  connection. 

As  regards  types  of  locks  in  use  at  present,  it  will,  I 
think,  ^  admitted  that  any  lock  which  is  operated  by  an 
inclined  plane  or  tappet  of  any  kind  fixed  to  the  cage,  and 
which  is  locked  after  the  cage  leaves  the  landing,  by  any 
means  whatever,  must  possess  that  element  of  danger  which 
Mr.  Cooper  claims  is  overcome  in  the  new  lock  in  condition 
(1  j:  "  Cage  cannot  move  until  the  gates  are  both  mechanic- 
ally and  electrically  locked."  That  Messrs.  Smith,  Major 
and  Stevens  have  not  successfully  provided  against  the  above- 
mentioned  point  is  clear  from  their  argument  as  to  the 
necessity  for  an  unlocked  zone  extending  about  2  ft.  6  in. 
above  and  below  each  landing. 


As  to  the  passengers  becoming  alarmed  owing  to  the  lift 
stopping  between  floors,  and  their  not  being  able  to  escape 
from  the  cage,  surely  this  is  better  than  risking  their  lives 
by  providing  inefficient  locking  systems. 

The  assumption  that  even  this  last  point  is  not  provided 
against  in  the  new  lock  is  characteristic  of  Messrs.  Smith, 
Major  &  Stevens's  adventurous  methods  of  discussion. 


honAon,  June  liil/i,  1913. 


Helicon. 


We  have  been  reading  with  considerable  interest — not 
unmixed  with  some  amusement — the  correspondence  in  your 
columns  in  reference  to  the  above,  but  we  had  not  proposed 
to  intervene  for  fear  it  should  look  as  if  we  were  endeavouring 
to  obtain  an  advertisement  for  our  manufactures. 

In  view,  however,  of  the  letter  by  ilr.  G.  W.  Newman, 
written  from  the  architect's  point  of  view,  we  should  like  to 
ask  you  to  allow  us  to  make  a  statement  which  is  the  result 
of  our  very  large  experience,  as  wc  have  fitted  some  hundreds 
of  automatic  lifts,  which  we  regularly  inspect  and  maintain, 
and  are,  therefore,  thoroughly  familiar  with  all  the  points  in 
coiniection  with  the  same.  From  this  exj)erience  we  should 
have  no  hesitation  whatever  in  assuring  architects  that  the 
automatic  lift,  as  now  supplied  by  us,  reaches  all  the  require- 
ments of  practical  safety,  and  that  the  locking  gear  which 
is  fitted  to  our  lifts,  on  the  design  and  manufacture  of 
which  we  have  spent  a  large  amount  of  time,  meets  all 
likely  contingencies. 

In  reference  to  the  point  raised  by  Mr.  Cooper,  while,  in 
the  ordinary  way,  it  is  frequently  possible  for  a  landing  gate 
to  be  opened  at  the  moment  the  cage  is  passing,  this  would 
have  the  efi'ect  of  stopping  the  travel  of  the  lift,  which 
would  therefore  necessarily  cover  the  opening  produced  l)y 
the  removal  of  the  gate,  and,  consequently,  there  would  be 
no  real  danger  of  accident  from  this  cause,  although  there 
might  be  some  inconvenience  to  the  person  travelling  in  the 
lift.  It  is,  however,  quite  easy  to  overcome  this,  and  we 
have  done  so  in  some  cases,  by  fitting  an  additional  elec- 
trical attachment,  which  prevents  the  gates  being  opened 
until  the  lift  has  been  stopped,  or  by  another  arrangement 
by  which  the  gate  lock  will  be  released  at  the  floor  at 
which  the  lift  is  intended  to  stop.  This  is,  of  course,  an 
advantage  so  far  as  the  convenience  of  the  lift  is  concerned, 
and  can  be  fitted  in  any  case  where  it  is  desired. 

It  is  necessary,  however,  to  bear  in  mind  that  all  these 
additional  precautions  involve  additional  complicationa,  and 
therefore  add  to  the  pos-ibiiity  of  getting  out  of  adjustment 
and  stoppage  of  the  lift. 

For  R.  Waygood  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
H.  Habmswoeth, 


Director  ami  Salen  Matiayer. 


London,  S.E.,  June  17 fh,  1913. 


Bedstead  Antenna. 

In  connection  with  the  note  under  the  above  heading  on 
page  983  of  your  current  issue,  I  enclose  herewith  an  extract 
from  the  "London  letter  "of  the  Yorks/u're  Obscrrer  for 
the  lljth  inst.,  in  which  the  writer  states  that  the  even 
burning  of  arc  lamps  in  Tjondon  has  been  affected  by  the 
time  signals  from  Paris. 

Do  yon  know  if  there  is  any  truth  in  this  statement  '' 
It  seems  scarcely  credible  1 

W.  H.  B. 


LoD^  Scale  Instrnments. 

It  was  somewhat  with  surprise  that  I  read  .Mr.  .J.  W. 
Record's  last  communication  to  you.  I  should  be  the  last 
to  wish  to  charge  him  with  the  intention  to  mislead,  but  I 
can  show  you  a  price  list  of  the  Davies  instrument,  whicli«j| 
was  published  at  the  time  when  Mr.  Record  was  in  his  elec-  ^t  | 
trical  short  clothes.  It  is  consequently  quite  possible  that 
he  is  not  aware  of  the  whole  history  of  the  subject,  though, 
making  the  claims  he  has  done,  he  ought  to  have  acquainted 
himself  with  this  history,  and  not  ask  the  public  to  believe 
ex  parte  statements  which  are  not  warranted  by  facts.  His 
ex  parte  statements  do  not  confer  upon  him  any  right  to 


Vol.  72.     No.  l.Sr.t;,  Junk  20,  1918.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


1015 


cluiai  ori);^iimlity  fnr  l(jii>{-sculu  luuviug coil  iiistriimciiLH  in 
the  way  he  huR  done,  by  ignoring  the  jjrevioiiH  work  f)f  Mr. 
Uavies  and  others. 

You  can,  Ijy  referring  to  your  advertisenient  coluinnH  of 
the  Kamo  period,  see  advertiseuienta  hy  MessrH.  Mnirhen<I 
offering  the  Duvicb  long-scale  inBtrunients,  not  once  but 
many  times,  and  they  had  a  sale. 

1  enclose  my  card,  and  have  the  honour  to  Hulmcritic 
myself  as 

An  Kh'ctrical  Instniiiienl  Maker 

nlio  lias  some  Knowledge  of  the  History 

of  tlie  Trade. 


."(ociuiy  of  Engineers  ( InforjXJi'aLeiJ;  ih  at  work  at  the  wuhject, 
and  feel  aure  they  would  Ik:  glad  of  any  asswtance  thai 
(iiginetrs  (;an  give  them  in  the  matter  of  informatiou, 
•'\|ii'rience,  and  suggestifjns. 

More  societies  are  not  ref|uired.  .No  profession  «;an  have 
more  sociftics  (!onncct<'d  with  it  than  engineering.  What  is 
wanted-  is  the  hearty  Hupjx^rt  by  engineers  of  ihriw.  Ixxliex 
which  are  tryinn  to  raise  the  status  of  tlie  profeHsion  in  tlie 
iiuinner  that  the  [{..M.A.  has  raised  tliat  of  medicine. 


I/ondon,  S.W.,  June  I2lh,  \'.)\:',. 


A.  S.  v..  Ackerrimiiii. 


The  Electrical  Industry  in  China. 

In  reference  to  my  recent  articles  ou  the  future  of  the 
electrical  industry  in  North  China,  I  enclose  a  letter  received 
by  my  Chinese  engineer  relative  to  his  son's  progress  whilst 
serving  his  apprenticeship  in  one  of  the  big  German  elec- 
trical firms.  V'ou  will  see  that  the  letter  is  written  in 
perfect  English,  and  first  Hatters  the  boy's  father  with  a 
position  he  doesn't  hold,  and  then  tells  him  of  the 
curriculum,  which  begins  with  six  mouths'  instruction  into 
"German  business  life,"  "German  custom"  and  "how  to 
make  himself  understood  in  the  German  language." 

The  letter  itself  is  exceedingly  interesting  as  to  the  size  of 
the  undertaking,  and  the  cloven  hoof  is  only  exhibited  in 
the  last  sentence,  where,  through  services  rendered,  orders 
are  respectfully  solicited.  Have  we  in  England  any  manu- 
facturing firm  as  enterprising  as  this  i-' 

Alfred  R.  Sillar,  M.I.E.E.,  M.I.Mech.E., 

Eitijineer-in-  Ch  irf. 

Peking,  May  21th,  i;>13. 

In  compliance  with  your  request,  I  am  glad  to  inform  you  that 
your  son  is  going-  on  with  his  study  quite  satisfactorily.  When  he 
first  came  over  to  Berlin,  he  was  for  about  six  months  in  our  office 
(foreign  department),  which  is  one  of  the  largest  offices  here  in 
Germany.  The  reason  for  this  was  to  give  him  at  first  an  insight 
into  German  business  life  and  German  customs,  as  without  this 
knowledge  it  would  have  been  quite  impossible  for  him  to  continue 
his  studies.  After  he  had  gathered  a  fair  general  knowledge,  and 
knew  how  to  make  himself  understood  in  the  German  language,  he 
attended  a  technical  college  for  about  a  year,  and  for  the  last  about 
six  months  he  has  been  in  our  machine  factory  as  an  apprentice, 
80  as  to  obtain  a  practical  knowledge  of  all  the  work  required  for 
his  future  career. 

In  order  to  give  you  an  idea  of  our  machine  factory,  I  would 
mention  that  this  one  department  only  employs  about  15,000 
workmen. 

I  take  it  that  you  have  received  likewise  reports  from  your  son, 
and  I  hope  that  you  will  be  quite  satisfied  when  he  returns  to 
China. 

As  far  as  business  is  concerned,  I  regret  to  say  that  I  hare  heard 
nothing  from  i/our  company  fur  some  considerable  time,  but  I  hope  you 

will  do  your  best  in  the  interests  of and  Messrs. as  soon  as 

business  in  our  line  should  turn  iip. 

With  kindest  regards, 

I  remain, 

Yours  faithfully, 


The  Mutual  Protection  of  Engineers. 

It  is  gratifying  to  see  the  letter  of  Mr.  Frank  Gill  in 
your  issue  of  the  6th  inst.,  proposing  that  engineers  should 
have  a  body  to  do  for  them  what  the  British  Medical  Asso- 
ciation does  for  the  medical  profession.  There  is  a  very 
general  feeling  abroad  to  this  effect  which  augurs  well  for  the 
success  of  such  a  movement  if  engineers  are  prepared  to 
forego  a  little  of  their  individualism  and  become  more 
cohesive.  They  must  also  be  prepared  for  long  and  hard 
work  to  attain  the  desired  end.  Lastly,  these  things  can- 
not be  done  free  of  cost,  and  a  subscription  of  probably  a 
guinea  per  annum  or  more  will  be  necessary.  The  British 
Medical  Association  has  about  27,000  members,  and  yet  their 
subscription  of  25s.  is  found  scarcely  large  enough.  A  very 
great  deal  can  be  done  by  such  a  voluntary  body,  as,  for 
example,  was  made  very  evident  in  connection  with  the 
Insurance  Act.  Many  think  that  the  success  of  the  work 
of  the  British  Medical  Association  is  due  to  the 
Statutory  Registration  of  medical  men.  This  does 
no  doubt  assist  them,  but  the  principal  Medical  Acts  (which 
deal  with  registration)  are  those  of  1858  and  1886,  whereas 
the  B.M.A.  was  started  in  1832.      I  am  pleased  to  say  the 


Proposed  British  General  Engineering  Staff  Association. 

Your  correspondents  and  readers  will  Ije  glad  to  learn  that 
it  is  delinitely  proposed  t(j  form  a  new  and  separate  asswiia- 
tion  for  the  Mutual  Protection  of  Engineers.  Ho  far,  indeed, 
the  movement  has  met  with  every  encouragement.  Those 
representative  gentlemen  who  have  most  keenly  considered 
its  inception  are  now  hoping  for  general  support. 

You  will  recollect  that  a  recent  correspondent  referred  to 
the  "  trust  "  which,  it  would  appear,  ha.s  been  formed  already 
by  our  large  employers.  It  was  suggested  that  this  powerful 
body  has  as  one  of  its  main  objectives  : — "  The  prevention  of 
an  engineer — who  may  have  displeased  those  in  authority — 
from  obtaining  employment  in  any  constituent  firm  ;  the 
regulation  of  interchange  of  staff,  should  an  engineer 
endeavour  to  improve  his  position  ;  the  extension  of  the 
hours  of  staff  employment ;  the  reduction  in  holidays,  with 
abolition  of  payment  for  that  period ;  and  the  general 
lowering  of  the  status  of  engineers." 

Such  charges  are,  of  course,  most  serious,  and  may  or  may 
not  be  disproved.  The  certainty  is  that  manufacturers, 
being  primarily  concerned  with  profit-making,  could  mutually 
deem  it  to  their  monetary  advantage  to  impose  such  con- 
ditions upon  us.  And  it  must  also  be  admitted  that,  with- 
out organisation,  our  position  is  a  perfectly  helpless  one. 

This  latter  fact  is  demonstrated  once  more  by  the  result 
of  a  recent  dispute  between  the  directorate  and  staff  of  one 
of  our  principal  companies.  Into  the  offices  of  this  com- 
pany has  been  introduced  a  system  to  which  a  large 
proportion  of  the  staff  openly  objected.  The  outcome  at 
best  may  be  simply  a  formal  "  Staff  Protest,"  directed  to 
the  board,  and  summarised  as  below  : — 

"  \yhilst  reluctantly  accepting  the  uncompromising  ruling 
of  the  directorate,  we  regretfully  enter  this  our  deliberate 
protest  against  the  enforcement  of  a  system  which  impairs 
the  cordial  relationship  hitherto  existing  between  the 
management  and  the  staff." 

The  position  is  surely  one  of  failure — dismal  and  un- 
dignified. Yet  little  other  than  this  was  expected.  Most  of 
us  feel  that  it  is  almost  futile  to  insist  upon  the  maintenance 
of  our  professional  status  at  present.  We  lack  the  support 
of  an  association  which  would  represent  the  engineering  staff 
throughout  the  country  as  a  whole. 

It  is  proposed  that  membership  of  such  an  institution 
should  be  opened  to  all  engineers — mechanical,  civil,  elec- 
trical, &c.  The  Official  Committee  of  the  Association  will 
undoubtedly  confirm  that  decision  later.  The  widespread 
conclusion  of  the  moment  is  that  the  new  Association  itself 
is  an  absolute  necessity,  especially  as  the  existing  institu- 
tions— the  I.C.E.,  I.M.E.,  and  the  I.E.E. — are  concerned 
solely  with  the  purpose  of  promoting  and  furthering  the 
technical  aspects  of  engineering. 

The  aims  of  the  suggested  federation  are  practically 
obvious.  One  need  merely  say,  therefore,  that  its  members 
would  co-operate  for  the  maintenance  and  furtherance  of 
their  economic  and  social  interests.  And  this  object  could, 
perhaps,  be  attained  as  follows  : — 

((/)  By  the  study  of  social -economic  questions,  and  by  the 
development  of  the  spirit  of  unity. 

{h)  Through  the  medium  of  statistical  information  and 
extensive  inquiries  into  existing  conditions  of  employment 
(including  remuneration!,  with  a  view  to  their  regulation. 

(c)  By  the  systematic  airing  of  grievances  in  the  Press. 

{(l)  By  means  of  monetary  assistance  to  members. 

(fl)  By  the  aid  of  vacancy  lists. 

( f)  By  means  of  free  advice  in  law  cases  of  professional 
intereat,  with  partial  or  total  assistance  in  defence. 


1016 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,856,  Jdne  20,  191.'? 


(jl)  By  free  advice  in  coui^gclion  with  patents. 

(A)  By  influencing  the  framing  of  laws,  in  so  far  as  they 
concern  members  of  the  Association  :  and 

(/)  By  means  of  local  branches  of  the  Association. 

Such,  of  course,  arc  mainly  the  aims  of  the  German  Bund 
der  Technisch-Industriellen  Beamten.  In  fact,  those  who 
are  interested  will  fini  the  current  report  of  that  Society 
most  instructive.  It  readily  convinces  one  that  co-opera- 
tion alone  is  of  mutual  advantage.  As  an  instance  of  its 
utility,  during  1912— the  year  on  which  the  report  is  based 
— the  (ierman  Institution  concerned  itself  with  almost  every 
kind  of  legal  action.  Such  actions  were  fought  mainly  with 
the  object  of  eliminating  inferior  working  conditions, 
systematic  overtime  without  extra  remuneration,  and  adverse 
clauses  in  contracts,  and  of  procuring  employment  references 
and  salaries  wrongfully  withheld,  &c.  And  no  less  than 
70  per  cent,  of  these  "  defensive  actions  "  and  85  per  cent, 
of  the  '*  actions  for  improvements "  appear  to  have  been 
successful. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  proposed  British  Association  will  soon 
be  established  on  equally  progressive  lines,  and  that  its  work 
will  ensure  its  rapid  growth.  As  many  as  250  members  of 
the  staff  of  one  firm  alone  have  already  signified  their 
approval  of  the  s?ciety,  and  reports  from  various  quarters 
are  similarly  gratifying.  The  engineers  attached  to  the 
largest  companies  are  specially  in  favour  of  the  movement. 

Meanwhile,  each  gentleman  who  is  interested,  or  eacli 
intending  member,  is  kindly  requested  to  send  his  name, 
with  that  of  his  employer,  to  the  undersigned,  supplemented 
by  any  suggestions  he  may  care  to  offer.  Every  communi- 
cation will,  of  course,  be  treated  as  perfectly  confidential 
and  private.  It  is  alsD  important  that  the  Association  be 
given  as  much  publicity  as  possible. 

L.  H.  Fletcher, 
/foil.  Acting  .'<eerefari/,  Pro/xusfd  AxxntinfiiDi. 

:il,  (^)ueen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.G., 
June  IGth,  1913. 


Agreements  for  "Hire"  and  " Hire-Purchase." 

Although  not  a  practical  electrical  man,  but  only  a 
practi-ing  solicitor,  I  am  a  constant  reader  of  the  Elec- 
trical Review  in  its  less  technical,  and  especially  in  its 
legal  parts.  I  was  much  interested  in  "  Excelsior's " 
article  with  the  above  title  in  your  issue  of  June  l?.th.  It 
is  a  thoroughly  useful  article,  and  contains  nothing  to  mis- 
lead the  practical  man  (except  possibly  on  the  question  of 
stamp  duty),  but  will,  on  the  contrary,  prove  exceedingly 
helpful  to  "Owners"  and  "Hirers"  alike.  Such  docu- 
ments, although  always  described  as  agreements,  were  not 
always  reckoned  agreements  for  stamp  duty  purposes. 
With  the  probable  exception  undernoted,  they  are  now 
liable,  if  under  hand  only,  to  the  agreement  stamp  duty  of 
fid.,  and  if  under  seal,  to  the  deed  duty  of  10s.,  like  any 
ordinary  agreement ;  but  that  is  only  in  virtue  of  the  pro- 
visions of  Sec.  7  of  the  Finance  Act,  1907,  a  comparatively 
recent  Act.  Previously  to  the  coming  into  force  of  that 
.\ct,  such  documents  were  dealt  with  as  follows  :— If  merely 
for  "  hire,"  they  were  not  considered  by  the  revenue  autho- 
rities to  be  liable  to  agreement  duty,  not  even  to  lease 
duty,  as  one  might  suppose  would  be  the  case,  but  to 
bond  or  covenant  duty,  which  in  cases  where  the  pay- 
ments were  to  continue  for  a  definite  period,  so 
that  the  total  amount  to  be  ultimately  payable  could 
be  ascertained,  was  the  same  as  mortgage  duty 
(2s.  fid.  per  £1(»0),  and  in  cases  where  the  period  was 
indefinite,  was  2s.  fid.  per  £5  of  the  sum  periodically  pay- 
able. I  am  rather  inclined  to  think  (difTering  apparently 
on  this  point  from  "Excelsior")  that  mere  "Hire  Agree- 
ments "  are  still  liable  to  the  bond  or  covenant  stamp,  for 
the  proviso  in  the  Finance  Act  of  1907  refers  only  to  agree- 
ments "  whereby  the  goods  in  consideration  of  periodical 
payments  I'iU  or  may  become  Iftc  iiropfiiy  of  the  person  to 
whom  they  are  supplied."  If  for  "  hire-purchase,"  it 
depended  on  the  terms  of  the  document  whether  it  was 
liable  to  duty  or  not.  If  it  contained  a  proviso  that  the 
article  supplied  was  to  remain  the  property  of  the  owners 
until  full  payment  had  been  made,  it  was  reckoned  a  bond 
or  covenant,  and  held  liable  to  a  duty  of  2s.  Gd.  per  £100 


on  the  total  amount  of  the  purchase  price.  I  have  before 
me,  as  I  write,  a  "hire-purchase  agreement,"  dated  in  1902, 
relating  to  printing  machinery,  on  which  the  duty  is  adjudi- 
cated by  the  Inland  Revenue  at  28.  fid.  per  £100  of  the 
total  amount  payable  in  hire  before  the  machinery  could 
become  the  property  of  the  hirer.  If,  however,  the  docu- 
ment implied  an  out-and-out  sale,  the  price  being  payable 
by  instalments,  with  or  without  a  clause  of  forfeiture  in  the 
event  of  default  in  payment  of  the  instalments,  it  was 
reckoned  an  agreement  for  the  sale  of  goods  and  so  exempt 
from  any  duty,  by  virtue  of  a  proviso  in  the  Stamp  Acts  to 
that  effect,  which  is  now  repealed  so  far  as  hire-purchase 
agreements  are  concerned  by  the  section  of  the  Finance 
Act  of  1907  above  cited. 

It  may  be  useful  to  many  of  your  readers  to  know  that  in 
Scotland  a  document "  under  hand  "  means  a  document  with- 
out a  consent  to  registration,  and  that  a  document  "  under 
seal  "  means  a  document  icith  a  consent  to  registration. 
"  Registration  "  means  registration  in  the  Books  of  Council 
and  Session.  Registration  in  those  books  involves  the  giving- 
up  of  the  deed  to  be  preserved  in  the  archives  of  Scotland 
and  gives  the  "  extract "  or  office  copy  issued  in  lieu  of  the 
original  the  effect  of  a  decree  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Scotland.  In  Scotland,  therefore,  it  may  be  well  worth  while 
to  spend  the  extra  9s.  fid.,  and  put  a  consent  to  registration 
into  the  document,  becsuse  in  the  event  of  its  being 
necessary  to  enforce  the  "  agreement."  that  can  then  be  done 
without  the  delay  and  expense  of  bringing  an  action  in 
Court. 

W.  P.  M.  Black. 

(ilasgow,  June  IGth,  1913. 


Heavy  Current   Lampholders. 

With  reference  to  your  remark  on  page  978  of  the  current 
issue,  June  loth,  191  ;>,  under  "Heavy  Capacity  Lamp- 
holders  and  Adaptors,"  namely,  "  it  occurs  to  us  that  these 
channels  might  be  made  a  permanent  feature  of  the  holders 
to  allow  of  the  circulation  of  aT,"  we  wish  to  point  out 
that  we  build  our  lampholders  so  that  they  will  not  heat  up 
with  the  current  they  are  guaranteed  to  carry,  and  we  do 
not  require  or  rely  upon  any  auxiliary  means  to  keep  the 
contacts  cool.  As  it  is  just  possible  some  of  your  readers 
may,  through  your  remarks,  think  our  lampholders  are  defi- 
cient in  construction  or  liable  to  heat  up,  we  shall  be  obliged 
if  you  will  make  the  above  point  clear. 

With  regard  to  permanent  holes  in  the  cases  of  lamp- 
holders, these  holes  would  have  to  be  much  smaller  than 
those  in  the  sample  you  sent,  otherwise  there  is  a  danger  of 
shock  and  shorts  to  persons  handling  same. 

We  can,  of  course,  supply  holders  with  ventilating  holes  if 
required  ;  but  we  do  not  think  they  are  necessary. 

Per  Pro.  G.  St.  John  Day  (Patents),  Ltd. 

G.  St.  John  D.\y,  Director. 

Oldham,  June  16/A,  1913. 


A  letter  has  come  to  hand  from  "  W.  E.  P."  without  the 
writer's  name  enclosed.  Owing  to  pressure  on  our  space, 
several  letters  have  been  held  over  to  our  next  issue. 


LEGAL 


LtND   V.  ExCELStOB  CHEMICAL  Co. 

In  the  City  of  London  Court,  on  13th  inst,  before  .Tudpe  Rentonl, 
K.C.,  Mr.  Richard  Lnnd,  carrying  on  business  as  Lund  Bros,  k  Co^  ■ 
motor  and  electrical  engineers,  78,  Qaeen  Victoria  Street,  B.C., 
sued  the  Excelsior  Chemical  Co.,  20,  Old  Church  Road,  E.,  for 
£G  98.,  balance  of  account  amounting  to  f  27  lOs.  for  work  done 
in  wiring  and  fixing  a  20-ii.P.  motor  for  the  defendants  for  use  in 
their  factory  in  driving  machinery. 

Mr.  n.  GoRNBLEET,  who  represented  the  defendants,  said  that 
the  balance  was  not  due.  The  work  was  included  in  the  £17 
estimate  for  wiring  and  installing  the  whole  apparatus  connected 
with  supplying  a  motor,  cleaning  and  reversing  it. 

Mr.  Kchn,  plaintiffs'  counsel,  said  that  the  defendants  made  an 
arrangement  with  Messrs.  Pooley  .*c  Austin  to  do  the  work,  and 
Messrs.  Pooley  k  Austin  employed  plaintiffs  to  carry  it  out. 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,8r,(>,  JoNK  20,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAT.    EEVIEW 


1017 


Mil.  Wool),  plaintiffH'  manager,  Haid  that  after  the  work  wuh  done 
he  went  ovor  with  tho  IU)roii({h  (!ouncil'H  en(;ineor.  The  oiii^incor 
anirifefited  that  there  nhould  he  extra  fuHCH  plaouii  on  the  inotorH, 
one  on  the  motor  olready  running  at  the  defendants'  workH,  and  one 
for  a  new  20-li.l>.  motor  which  they  were  puttini;  in,  ond  whioh  the 
plaintiffa  wired  for  them,  The  enpinoor  Hoid  he  could  not  paHH  the 
work  unlcHB  the  fnHCB  were  fixed.  He  told  the  defendantn  it  waH 
outside  their  contract  to  supply  the  fuHcs,  and  the  defendants  K^ve 
them  an  order  accordiiijfly  anci  the  work  was  done. 

Mk.  OouMiMOiii'  said  that  the  defendants  were  not  electrical 
engineers,  an<i  it  was  no  use  for  the  plaintilVa  to  fix  a  motor  unlees 
it  was  workable  accordini;  to  the  rejjulations  cf  the  liorouRh 
Council. 

Mb.  Wood  added  that  one  motor  was  passed  by  the  Council. 
It  was  the  other  whioh  they  supplied  fuses  to  that  had  to  be  passed 
by  the  boroupfh  enpineer.  They  could  not  supply  the  fuses  for  the 
oriprinal  price. 

Mk.  Hammonf),  in  the  plaintiffs'  service,  said  he  found  that  the 
defendants'  motor  was  running  in  the  wrong  direction,  and  he  was 
told  to  remedy  that. 

JUDGK  Rentoul  said  that  what  Messrs.  Pooley  &  Austin  ordered 
plaintiffs  to  do  the  defendants  were  responsible  for,  as  they  were 
their  agents.    Judgment  for  the  plaintiffs,  with  costs. 


MoN'TREAr.  TrAiMways  and  Power  Co. 

In  the  Chancery  Division,  on  13th  inst.,  Mr.  Justice  Warrington 
heard  a  motion  in  the  matter  of  the  Montreal  Tramways  and 
PowejkCo.,  Ltd.,  to  extend  the  time  for  registering  two  debentures. 

The  defendant  company,  Mu.  Goke  Browne,  K.C,  explained, 
was  registered  in  England  in  December,  1910.  In  1912  the 
company  made  two  issues  of  stock  notes,  which  were  secured  by  a 
deposit  of  a  number  of  Stock  Exchange  securities.  The  company 
was  advised  in  Canada  by  two  King's  Counsel  that  it  was  not 
necessary  to  register  the  notes,  as  they  were  not  debentures  within 
the  meaning  of  the  Act.  The  transaction  went  through,  but 
afterwards  the  English  solicitor,  on  hearing  that  the  notes  had  not 
been  registered,  informed  the  company  that,  according  to  English 
law,  it  was  necessary  that  they  should  be  registered,  because  they 
were,  in  fact,  debentures. 

His  Lordship  granted  an  extension  of  time  for  30  days  from  that 
day. 


J0HN.SON-B1LLINGTON  Electricity  Mettsks,  Ltd. 

A  petition,  presented  by  Mr.  H.  Johnson,  for  the  winding-up  of 
this  company,  was  before  Mr.  Justice  Neville,  sitting  for  the 
disposal  of  company  business,  on  June  17th. 

Counsel  for  the  petitioner,  ho^-ever,  stated  that  evidence  had 
been  filed  against  the  petition  which  he  desired  to  answer,  and  the 
hearing  was  accordingly  adjourned  for  a  week. 


PARLIAMENTARY. 


Jllexboroug:h  and  Swinton  Railless  Traction  Bill. 

After  a  hearing  extending  over  a  fortnight,  the  Select  Com- 
mittee of  the  House  of  Commons,  presided  over  by  Sir  Ivor 
Herbert,  has  come  to  a  decision  on  the  Bill  promoted  by  the 
Mexborough  and  Swinton  Tramways  Co.  for  the  construction  of 
railless  traction  along  several  routes. 

Mb.  E.  H.  Lloyd,  K.C,  who  appeared  for  the  promoters, 
explained  that  they  had  already  constructpd  tramways  in  Swinton 
and  Mexborough  running  to  Rotherham,  and  they  now  afkfd  for 
powers  to  construct  railless  traction  from  Swinton  to  West  Melton, 
from  Mexborough  to  Ardwick  ;  and  from  Conisborough  to  Mex- 
borough. These  routes  were  3J,  1  and  IJ  miles  respectively. 
Borrowing  powers  to  the  extent  of  £35,000  were  sought.  The 
Mexborough  Urban  District  Council,  who  opposed  the  Bill,  alleged 
that  the  financial  position  of  the  promoters  was  unsound,  but  as  a 
matter  of  fact  they  were  earning  enough  to  pay  3  per  cent,  on  the 
total  cost  of  construction,  and  were  beginning  to  reap  the  benefit 
of  their  past  efforts. 

Mr.  D.  L.  Winter,  a  director  of  the  company,  gave  evidence  in 
support  of  the  Bill,  and  was  cross-examined  by  Mr.  Fitz(;erald, 
K.C.  (for  the  Urban  District  Council),  at  considerable  length,  with 
regard  to  the  financial  position  of  the  company.  He  said  the 
original  capital  was  £180,000,  but  he  did  not  know  that  £825  was 
paid  in  cash  and  the  rest  of  the  shares  were  issued  as  fully  paid. 
Mr.  Binns  was  the  original  promoter,  and  he  sold  the  undertaking 
to  the  New  Traction  Co.  He  was  not  aware  that  on  April  19th, 
19U5,  the  New  Traction  Co.  sold  the  undertaking  to  Mr.  Godfrey 
Isaacs,  or  that  on  May  4th  Mr.  Isaacs  sold  it  to  another  company. 
The  National  Construction  Co.  was  connected  with  the  present 
company  as  undertakers.  It  was  proposed  to  raise  the  £35,0OO  by 
debentures. 

Mr.  W.  B.  Cownie,  another  director,  gave  evidence,  and  said  the 
company  were  prepared  to  be  put  under  an  obligation  to  construct 
within  two  years. 

In  orosS'examination  by  Mb.  Weddebbcen  (aleo  appearing  for 
the    Urban   District  Co«noil),   Witnege   said   that    the    lyndioftte 


bought  the  undertaking  from  Mr.  (iodfrey  lHaR<;ii  for  £1  l,oi»0  In 
eush  and  £ll,iii)0  in  sharcM.  ilu  did  not  think  Mr.  iMiai;*  made 
anything  out  of  the  traiiHaction. 

A  number  of  local  wilncHHOH  were  called  inHup|K>rtof  the  iKsheme, 
who  Huid  that  this  tniiiiwuy  company  had  fulfilled  a  public  nerviue. 
One  witnetH,  Mu.  II.  ('•.  Kakeu,  of  Swinton,  oh  a  large  ratepayer, 
said  h(!  was  hiinply  appalled  at  the  idea  of  the  municipality  under- 
taking any  such  Hcheine. 

Mu.  F.  E.  Stanley,  chief  engineer  of  the  National  Con»truc- 
tion  Co.,  gave  evidence  as  to  the  populationH  in  the  diHtricti  pro- 
posed to  bo  served,  and  paid  the  total  cost  of  actual  irmftruotion, 
exclusive  of  the  cost  of  the  Act,  would  be  about  £22,f;37.  He 
estimated  that  I33,.'')00  car-miles  would  be  run  per  year,  which,  put- 
ting the  earnings  at  lOd.  per  car-mile,  would  produce  £6,.')f)2  10». 
The  estimated  cost  of  working  was  Oid.  per  mile,  leaving  a  balance 
of  £I,y4(!,  out  of  which  any  contribution  towards  road  maintenance 
would  have  to  come.  They  were  willing  to  pay  £210  for  road 
maintenance. 

Mr.  E.  Cros^s,  electrical  engineer  of  Rotherham,  gave  it  as  hi* 
opinion  that  the  earning  power  of  the  cars  would  be  lOd.  per  mile. 
The  Rotherham  trolley  i-ystem  had  proved  a  good  feeder  to  the 
trams. 

Mb.  E.  Martin,  borough  engineer,  Rotherham,  gave  evidence  B8 
to  the  developments  of  the  South  Yorkshire  coalfields.  He  did  not 
think  the  promoters  should  be  called  upon  to  make  any  contribu- 
tion towards  road  improvement,  as  the  damage  would  be  recouped 
by  increased  rateable  value.  Tf  the  powers  were  not  given  to  the 
company,  it  would  mean  the  introduction  of  raotor-'buses,  and  then 
the  local  authorities  would  get  no  contribution. 

Mr.  J.  E.  Waller,  consulting  engineer,  also  gave  evidence  in 
favour  of  the  Bill. 

Mu.  Keen  addressed  the  Committee  for  the  Swinton  Urban 
District  Council,  and  contended  that  whilst  further  travelling 
facilities  were  undoubtedly  needed  in  the  district,  the  proper  way 
of  meeting  the  want  w  as  for  the  local  authorities  to  join  together 
and  provide  a  comprehensive  scheme.  He  objected  to  the  proposals 
of  the  promoters  as  being  a  bad  one. 

Mr.  S.  C.  Ward,  chairman  of  the  Highways  Committee  of  the 
Swinton  District  Council,  was  called  in  support  of  counsel's  con- 
tention. In  cross-examination,  he  admitted  that,  in  his  opinion, 
trolley  vehicles  would  pay  in  the  district. 

The  Hon.  J.  D.  Fitzgerald,  K.C,  on  behalf  of  the  Mexborough 
U.D.C.,  urged  that  the  scheme  should  be  rejected  as  being  unsatis- 
factory, and  also  that  the  financial  history  and  position  of  the 
company  was  unsatisfactory. 

Several  witnesses  were  called  for  the  Mexborough  U.D.C.,  who 
generally  opposed  the  promoters'  scheme  as  being  defective,  and 
supported  the  contention  that  the  matter  should  be  left  to  the  local 
authorities. 

The  Committee  found  the  preamble  of  the  Bill  proved  with  the 
exception  of  the  proposed  route  from  Swinton  to  West  Melton, 
which  they  did  not  consider  was  well  planned.  Further,  they 
decided  that  the  promoters  should  pay  one-third  of  the  cost  of 
adapting  the  roads  to  the  traffic,  such  sum  not  to  exceed  i;350  per 
mile,  and  thereafter  to  pay  id.  per  car-mile  for  the  maintenance  of 
the  roads. 


Leicester  Corporation  Bill. 

The  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Lords,  presided  over  by 
Lord  Clinton,-  has  passed  the  preamble  of  the  Bill  of  the  Leicester 
Corporation,  which  seeks  to  extend  the  existing  tramway  system, 
to  extend  the  area  of  supply  for  electrical  purposes,  and  to  run 
motor-'buses. 

Mb.  H.  Lloyd,  K C,  who  represented  the  promoters,  explained 
that  most  of  the  opposition  to  the  Bill  had  been  withdrawn.  The 
main  purpose  of  the  Bill  was  to  extend  the  tramways  within  the 
borough,  and  to  this  there  was  no  opposition.  'The  tramway 
undertaking  of  the  borough  had  been  carried  on  for  many  years 
and  had  been  very  successful.  By  clause  15,  power  was  a?k(d  to 
run  motor-'buses  partly  inside  and  partly  outside  the  city  and  the 
routes  propped  were  :  (1)  from  the  tramway  terminus  in  Melton 
Road  toThurmaston  ;  (2)  from  the  tramway  terminus  in  Groby  Ri'ad 
to  Anstey  ;  and  (3)  for  the  London  R  ad  tramway  terminus  to 
Oadby.  For  years  there  had  been  a  demand  for  increased  travelling 
facilities  in  these  districts,  and  some  ten  years  ago  the  County  Council 
asked  the  Corporation  if  they  would  take  a  lease  of  tramways  in 
the  districts  if  the  County  Council  constructed  them.  The 
Corporation  felt  that  tramways  were  impossible,  and  that 
motor-'buses  would  best  meet  the  needs,  and  hence  the 
question  of  the  contribution  which  the  Corporation  should  pay  to 
the  cost  of  upkeep  of  roads  would  come  in.  In  previous  Bills 
Select  Committees  had  fixed  the  crntribution  at  three-eighths  cf 
a  Id.  per  car-mile,  and  the  Corporation  considered  that  thi?  would 
be  reasonable.  The  Corporation  were  asking  also  for  authority  to 
extend  their  area  for  electric  lighting  purposes.  At  present  they 
supplied  in  the  borough,  and  by  their  1909  Act  they  had  power  to 
come  to  the  Board  of  Trade  and  the  Local  Government  Board  if 
they  wished  to  supply  outside  district".  They  now  asked  to  be 
allowed  to  supply  within  the  parish  of  Birstall.  the  parishes  of 
Humberstone  and  Evington,  and  the  parishes  of  Oadby  and  New- 
Parks.  The  only  petitioners  against  the  Bill  were  the  County 
Council,  in  respect  of  the  contribution  towards  roads,  and  the 
Leicestershire  Power  Co.,  who  had  powers  to  supply  the  areas 
scheduled  in  the  Bills.  He  submitted  that  the  Power  Co.  would 
not  be  interfered  with  under  the  Bill. 

Mr.  a.  Maconachib,  on  behalf  of  the  Power  Co.,  offered  to 
withdraw  the  opposition  if  this  was  made  quite  clear. 

After  consultation,  the  Committee  decided  to  insert  a  clanse 
offered  by  Mr.  Lloyd,  to  the  effect  that  nothing  in  the  Bill  should 


1018 


THE    ELECTEICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,8.S6,  June  20,  1913. 


be  deemed  to  give  the  Corporation  the  right  of  an  ezcluBiye  supply 
in  the  districts  in  question  ;  and  on  the  point  of  the  contribntion 
to  the  cost  of  the  roads  used  by  motor-'buses,  they  inserted  a  clause 
to  the  effect  that  for  three  years  from  the  running  of  the 'buees 
the  Corporation  should  pay  to  the  County  Council  three-eighths  of  a 
penny  per  car-mile  :  and  at  the  end  of  three  years  the  matter  should 
be  submitted  to  an  arbitrator,  who  should  decide  what  extra  cost 
had  been  involved  by  the  running  of  the  'buses,  and  the  Corpora- 
tion should  then  contribute  one-third  of  such  extra  cist. 


Iluddersfield  Corporation  Bill. 

LoED  Clinton's  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Lords  has  had 
under  consideration  the  Bill  promoted  by  the  Huddersfield  Corpora- 
tion, which,  amongst  other  things,  proposes  an  extension  of  the 
tramway  undertaking  to  Slaithwaite  and  Marsden  along  the 
Manchester  Road,  and  to  extend  the  Birchencliffe  route  to  EUand 
and  Greetland.  There  were  also  a  number  of  proposals  for 
diversions  of  authorised  lines.  Mr.  Balfour  Browne,  K.C,  Mr. 
Harper  and  Mr.  .Jeeves,  appeared  for  the  Corporation  ;  and  Mr. 
Freeman,  K.C,  and  Mr.  Tyldesley  Jones,  for  the  Yorkshire  Electric 
Power  Co.,  who  opposed  the  proposed  extension  to  Greetland. 

Mr.  Browse,  K.C,  contended  that  what  the  opposition  of  the 
Power  Co.  amounted  to  was  that  if  the  Corporation  made  the  line 
it  must  buy  its  electric  current  from  the  company.  Elland 
had  its  own  electric  lighting  order,  and  Greetland  had  a  lighting 
order  which  it  was  bound  to  transfer  to  a  company,  which  appeared 
to  be  an  offshoot  of  the  Yorkshire  Power  Co.  In  Greetland,  how- 
ever, there  were  already  tramways  worked  by  the  Halifax  Corpora- 
sion  and  supplied  by  Halifax.  The  Huddersfield  Corporation 
merely  proposed  to  do  the  same  thing  as  the  Halifax  Corporation 
was  doing. 

Mr.  K.  Campbell,  borough  engineer,  of  Huddersfield,  stated  that 
the  cost  of  Huddersfield's  electric  current  delivered  on  the  trolley 
wires  did  not  exceed  ■62d.  per  unit.  He  was  informed  that  the 
Power  Co.  was  supplying  electricity  in  bulk  at  lid.  a  unit  to 
Sowerby  Bridge  from  an  electric  main  crossing  the  projected  tram- 
way route.  The  Corporation  used  direct  current,  whilst  the  Power 
Co.'s  current  was  alternating,  and  would  need  transformation.  He 
considered  that  the  extra  cost  of  the  company's  power  would  eat  up 
all  the  profits  of  the  tramway. 

Evidence  was  called  from  the  localities  affected  in  favour  of  the 
extension. 

Mk.  Tyldesley  Jones  stated  that  the  real  objection  to  the 
company  was  to  the  wording  of  Clause  15,  under  which  it  seemed 
to  them  the  Corporation  might  seek  to  supply  tramways  in  other 
districts  adjacent  to  those  named. 

Mk.  Balfouu  Browne  said  that  was  not  the  intention  of  the 
Corporation,  and  he  was  prepared  to  amend  the  clause  so  as  to 
make  it  clear. 

Subsequently  the  Power  Co.  withdrew  their  opposition,  and  the 
Committee  passed  the  preamble  of  the  Bill. 


Morlej  Corporation  Bill. 

The  Duke  of  Bedford  s  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Lords 
has  passed  the  preamble  of  the  Bill  of  the  Morley  Corporation, 
which  deals  with  railless  traction  and  the  gas  and  water  under- 
takings. The  only  part  of  the  Bill  which  was  opposed  was  that 
relating  to  trackless  trams. 

Mr.  Balfour  Browne,  K.C,  represented  the  promoters,  and 
said  the  West  Riding  County  Council  opposed,  and  contended  that 
aa  the  trolley-cars  would  run  over  main  roads,  the  Morley  Corpora- 
tion ought  to  contribute  to  the  cost  of  extra  wear  and  tear.  Some 
of  the  original  proposals  in  the  Bill  had  been  dropped,  and  it  was 
now  proposed  to  run  the  cars  through  Drighlington,  Gildersome, 
Morley  and  East  and  West  Ardsley,  the  local  authorities  of  which 
districts  were  in  favour  of  the  scheme.  It  had  been  agreed  that 
the  Leeds  Corporation  should  work  the  system,  and  should  pay  to 
Morley  Corporation  a  rent  sufficient  to  meet  the  interest  on  capital 
expended  and  the  sinking  fund. 

Subsequently  Mr.  Hutchinson.  K.C,  who  represented  the 
County  Council,  announced  that  an  agreement  had  been  arrived  at, 
by  which  Morley  should  contribute  to  the  cost  of  main  roads  at  the 
rate  of  ii.  per  car-mile. 

The  Committee  thereupon  inserted  a  clause  to  this  effect,  and 
ordered  the  Bill  to  be  reported. 


Folliostone,  Hfthe  and  Sandgnte  Railless  Traction.— it  is 

understood  that  the  Bill  of  the  Folkestone.  Hythe  and  Sandgate 
Tramways  Co.,  to  provide  a  system  of  railless  traction  between 
these  town*",  his  been  withdrawn. 

Varions  Bills. — In  the  House  of  Commons  on  IGth  inst.,  the 
Metropolitan  Railway  Bill  was  read  a  second  time. 

In  the  House  of  Lords  on  June  12th,  the  City  and  South  London 
Railway  Bill  and  ^he  Central  London  Railway  Bill  passed  their 
third  readine. 

Iq  the  House  of  Lords  on  June  16th,  the  Metropolitan  Electric 
Tramways  (Railless  Traction)  Bill  was  read  a  second  time,  while 
the  following  BilU  passed  third  reading  :  Richmond  (Surrey)  Elec- 
tricity Supply  Bill,  the  Cleveland  and  Durham  County  Electric 
Power  Bill,  and  the  Northern  Counties  Electricitv  Supply  Bill. 

Post  OfQce  (London)  Railiray  Bill.— In  the  House  of 
Commons  last  week,  there  was  some  criticism  offered  regarding 
certain  points  in  this  Bill,  the  second  reading  of  which  was 
moved  by  the  Postmaster-General.  The  second  reading  was 
carried  by  a  majority  of  170.  and  the  financial  resolution 
in  connection  with   the  Bill   (£l, 100,000")  was  also   pasped.      Mr 


H.  Samuel,  in  the  course  of  his  reply  to  criticisms  and  questions, 
said  that  the  power  for  working  the  railway  would  be  obtained 
from  the  Post  Office  station  at  Blackfriars,  which  could  be  extended 
at  a  comparatively  small  cost. 

Portlicavrl  and  District  Gas  Bill.— This  Bill  has  passed  the 
Unopposed  Bill  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons,  but  the  elec- 
tricity clauses  have  been  dropped.  It  was  originally  proposed  to 
erect  a  generating  station  and  supply  electricity. 


THE    I.M.E.A.     CONVENTION,     1913. 

This  year's  Convention  of  the  Incorporated  Municipal 
Electrical  Association,  the  eighteenth  in  the  series,  was 
opened  on  Tuesday  morning  last  at  the  Institution 
of  Electrical  Eugineers.  London.  Excellent  weather  con- 
ditions prevailed,  but  despite  external  attractions, 
the  large  lecture  theatre  of  the  Institution  was  well 
filled  with  members,  delegates  and  visitors — many  of 
the  latter  being  ladies — when  Mr.  W.  Duddell,  the 
President  of  the  Institution,  rose  to  welcome  the  visitors. 
It  was  very  right,  he  considered,  that  such  an  important 
body,  so  closely  allied  to  the  I.E.E.,  should  meet  in  their 
building,  and  the  Council  welcomed  them  and  would  do 
anything  it  could  to  assist  them  in  their  work. 

Subsequently  Mr.  J.  E.  Edgcome  (Acting  President, 
I.M.E.A.)  explained  the  circumstances  under  which  Mr. 
C.  E.  C.  Shawfield,  who  was  originally  elected  President  of 
the  Association  for  the  year  1912-13,  had  had  to  resign 
office,  and  how  he  (the  speaker),  as  a  Past- President,  had 
been  selected  to  fill  the  office  for  the  remainder  of  the  year. 
Mr.  Shawfield  was  not  able  to  be  present,  but  he  had  pre- 
pared an  address,  which  the  speaker  subsequently  read. 

In  his  preliminary  remarks,  Mr.  Edgcome  urged  the  neces- 
sity of  forming  an  information  bureau,  a  matter  which  he 
had  brought  forward  seven  years  previously  during  his 
period  of  office  as  president:  unfortunately  he  afterwards 
found,  in  his  capacity  as  treasurer,  that  there  were  no 
funds  available  for  such  a  purpose.  He  suggested  that 
this  matter  should  be  considered  afresh,  and  that  its  cost 
could  be  defrayed  by  subscription. 

He  further  referred  to  instances  of  age  limits  being 
imposed  by  some  municipal  authorities  when  appointing  new 
engineers,  which  was  a  mistaken  policy.  Experience  and 
age  were  interdependent,  and  a  Council  should  always  exercise 
its  discretion  in  regard  to  age  when  selecting  a  candidate. 

Mr.  Edgcome  then  read  the  Presidential  Address,  which 
we  abstract  elsewhere,  and  the  usual  vote  of  thanks  wa.s 
awarded  to  Mr.  Shawfield.  Dr.  Ferranti  then  gave  an 
interesting  resumi'  of  the  principal  points  covered  in  his 
paper,  the  greater  portion  of  which,  together  with  the 
interesting  discussion,  we  give  below. 

The  paper,  as  Dr.  Ferranti  mentioned  in  his  opening 
statement,  deals  with  the  general  question  of  prime  movers, 
the  conclusion  arrived  at  being  all  in  favour  of  the  steam 
turbine  for  the  near  future,  with  coal  as  a  fuel  in  any  case. 
Needless  to  add  that  while  he  found  a  considerable  majority 
in  support  of  his  conclusions,  there  were  those  present  who 
disagreed  with  him  and  emphasised  the  attractions  of  the 
Diesel  and  producer  gas  engines. 

To  some  extent  we  believe  this  criticism  to  be  due  to  lack 
of  comprehension  of  Dr.  Ferranti's  ideal  big  power  station  of 
the  future,  heartily  agreeing,  as  we  do,  with  one  speaker, 
that  one  of  the  greatest  faults  of  the  past  has  been  the 
inability  to  look  ahead  in  the  electrical  industry. 

Indeed,  when  one  remembers  the  number  of  turbine  sets 
of  10,000  to  20,000  Kw.  output  in  actual  use  on  the  Con- 
tinent and  in  America  and  turns  to  what  is  being  done  in 
this  country,  it  seems  certain  that  very  few  of  our  central 
station  engineers,  with  big  industrial  loads  to  develop,  are 
looking"  ahead  to  the  extent  which  circumstances  appear  to 
justify.  Nothing  can  shake  Dr.  Ferranti's  sanguine  views 
as  to  the  great  future  before  the  electrical  industry,  and  we 
would  that  there  were  more  practical  evidence  of  our 
leading  engineers  sharing  in  this  optimism. 

The  question  of  the  sufficiency  of  oil  fuel  raised  by  one 
speaker  is  of  considerable  interest ;  we  have  never  gathered 
that  there  was  likely  to  be  a  permanent  shortage,  but  rather 
that  the  possibilities  of  rigging  the  market  were  such  as  to 
render  the  price  uncertain. 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,8,^6,  June  30,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


1019 


At  tho  conclusion  of  the  meeting,  the  members  adjourned 
for  lunclieon,  many  of  them,  however,  payinj^  a  visit  t<^)  the 
interestiiifj  oxhiliit  of  cool<infj,  hoating  and  other  electrical 
applianccH  which  has  boon  Kuthercd  to^'ether  by  several  well- 
known  lirnis  in  tho  (Common  Room  of  the  Institution. 

The  afternoon  was  spent  in  visiting?  the  Deptford  anrl 
Wcgt  Tlam  f,'eneratin}j  stations,  while  the  event  of  the 
evening  was  undonbtcdiy  the  meeting  of  the  "  I'oint Fives" 
at  the  "Dehco"  electric  restaurant,  where,  after  an 
informal  dinner,  the  enthusiasts  and  their  friends,  numbering 
about  120,  spent  a  busy  evejiing  discussing  the  pros  and  cons 
of  electric  cooking  and  heating. 

Prominent  among  the  numerous  sfKjakers  was  Dr.  Fcrranti, 
who,  amongst  other  matters,  referred  to  the  urgent  necessity 
of  cultivating  a  L'l -hour  load,  hinting  at  the  possibility  of 
devising  electrical  heat  storage  apparatus  towards  this  end, 
with  a  view  to  filling  up  tlie  gap  in  the  load  curve  which 
occurs  in  the  small  hours  of  the  morning. 

AVe  would  emphasise  the  fact,  however,  that  the  early 
morning  loivd  is  already  to  hand  in  the  shape  of  vehicle 
charging,  while  tlie  heat  storage  problem  still  awaits  prac- 
tical solution.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  one  half-ton  electric 
may  take  25  units  a  night,  and  larger  sizes  up  to  7^  units 
a  night  for  a  5-ton  vehicle,  it  is  clear  that  the  battery 
vehicle  will  materially  assist  in  the  problem. 

As  to  the  proceedings  of  the  rest  of  the  week,  including 
the  annual  dinner  on  "Wednesday  evening,  and  yesterday 
spent  at  Kingston-on-Thames  in  discussing  the  electric 
vehicle  and  admiring  the  scenic  beauties  of  the  river,  we 
must  refer  our  readers  to  our  next  week's  issue. 


Abstract  of  Address. 


By  Mr.  C.  E.  C.  Shawfield,  Ex-President,  late  Chief  Electrical 
Engineer  to  the  Corporation  of  Wolverhampton. 

It  is,  I  believe,  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  your  Association 
that  the  opening:  address  at  the  annual  Convention  has  been  given 
by  other  than  the  President  for  the  time  being,  and  I  deeply 
appreciate  the  compliment  which  your  Council  have  paid  me.  It 
was  with  very  real  regret  that  I  found  myself  compelled  to  lay 
down  the  reins  of  office,  owing  to  my  vacating  municipal  service. 

One  of  the  most  curious  anomalies  of  the  present  position  of  the 
public  supply  of  electricity  in  this  country  is  that  whilst  a  muni- 
cipality is  empowered  to  generate  and  distribute  electricity 
throughout  its  area,  and  to  make  contracts  with  consumers  as  to 
the  terms  and  conditions  of  supply,  it  is  practically  debarred  from 
installing  in  a  consumer's  premises  the  apparatus  which  is 
necessary  to  enable  that  consumer  to  utilise  the  electricity  which 
the  municipality  has  for  sale. 

In  London,  and  in  a  few  of  the  larger  provincial  towns,  this 
necessity  can  be,  and  is,  to  a  large  extent  provided  by  private  enter- 
prise, but  many  of  you  who  are  associated  with  stations  in  smaller 
communities  know  only  too  well  that  the  average  wiring  con- 
tractor has  not  the  capital  or  the  staff,  and  too  frequently  also  has 
not  the  ability,  to  adequately  supply  the  requirements  of  con- 
enmers.  It  is  true  that  some  municipalities  have  been  fortunate 
enough  to  obtain,  by  means  of  private  Acts,  full  powers  to  carry  out 
wiring  and  installation  work  of  all  descriptions  and  to  sell  and  fix 
electricity  consuming  devices.  The  Corporation  of  Wolverhampton 
has  possessed  these  powers  since  1899,  and  after  14  years'  experi- 
ence of  the  practical  operation  of  these  powers,  I  can  unhesitat- 
ingly affirm  that  both  the  electricity  department  and  the  local 
wiring  contractors  are  in  a  flourishing  condition.  If  a  muni- 
cipality has  only  the  restricted  powers  given  under  the  Electric 
Lighting  Clause  Amendment  Act — by  which  wiring  work  can  only 
be  carried  out  through  a  contractor — the  result  is  of  very  little  use 
to  either  party. 

I  sincerely  trust  that  this  Association  and  the  municipalities 
which  it  represents  will  continue  to  press  for  the  general  concession 
of  those  powers  to  all  municipalities,  which  are  at  present  confined 
to  a  section  only. 

I  am  entirely  opposed  to  what  I  regard  as  the  vicious  practice  of 
rate  relief  from  the  profits  of  electricity  undertakings,  and  I 
sincerely  trust  that  the  members  of  this  Association  will  do  what- 
ever lies  in  their  power  to  discountenance  these  donations.  WhOst 
municipally  owned  electricity  undertakings  should  be  self- 
supporting,  their  surplus  earnings  should  be  allocated,  first,  to  the 
accumulation  of  an  adequate  reserve  fund  ;  secondly,  to  the  pro- 
vision of  working  capital,  and  any  balance  remaining  should  be 
devoted  to  the  extension  and  improvement  of  the  undertaking. 

Much  has  been  done  in  recent  years  in  the  direction  of  lowering 
the  average  rate  of  charge  per  unit  to  all  classes  of  consumers,  but 
much  still  remains  to  be  done  in  this  direction  ;  if  municipally- 
owned  electricity  undertakings  as  a  body  were  to  go  boldly  for  a 
drastic  reduction  in  prices,  they  would  not  only  be  more  faithfully 
performing  their  duties  ^o  the  community  as  a  whole,  but  they 
would  also  reap  a  rich  reward  in  the  shape  of  increased  output  and 
better  financial  results.  As  a  general  principle  I  believe  that 
practically  every  central  station  can  afford  to  sell  electricity  at  a 
profit,  at  a  lower  price  than  that  at  which  none  but  a  specially 
circumstanced  private  generating  plant  can  produce  it,  and  it  should 


be  the  aim  of  every  undertaking  to  irapply  from  it*  main*  every 
unit  of  clootriolty  oonHumed  within  Itii  area. 

Tho  time  ih  now  rapidly  approaching  when  a  large  part  of  th« 
proRent  capital  liubilitiuH  of  flfctricity  nndertakingn  will  b« 
liquidated  by  the  operation  of  the  Hinking  fund,  and,  wh«-n  thlHday 
arrivcH,  it  Hcems  probable  that  Huch  a  general  reduction  in  the 
selling  price  of  electricity  will  bo  poHHible,  that  ita  practically 
universal  adoption  for  lighting  and  motive  power  pnrpoBM  will 
become  inevitable. 

The  chief  engineer  of  every  electricity  undertaking  itbould  be 
given  full  control,  not  only  of  the  technical,  but  also  of  the 
financial  side  of  his  department — subject,  of  courhe,  to  the  strictest 
audit  by  the  accountants'  department  and  the  public  auditors.  He 
should  have  complete  control  of  the  general  staff  of  the  depart- 
ment, and  all  matters  of  discipline  and  of  the  remuneration  of 
employi's  should  be  left  to  his  discretion,  lie  should  also  be  pro- 
vided with  a  competent  and  well-paid  technical  staff.  In  too  many 
cases  the  rates  of  pay  of  the  technical  assistants  in  some  of  our 
large  undertakinifs  are  entirely  inadequate  to  their  duties  and 
responsibilities.  The  best  asset  that  any  electricity  undertaking 
can  possess  is  a  loyal  and  zealous  staff,  who  have  at  heart  the  com- 
mercial and  technical  well-being  of  the  concern,  and,  in  order  to 
secure  this,  it  is  necessary  that  every  member  of  the  staff  of  every 
grade  shall  be  made  to  feel  that  he  is  a  trusted  and  responsible 
official,  and  that  he  is  adequately  remunerated  for  his  services. 


Prime  Movers  for  Electric  Power. 

By  Dk.  S.  Z.  De  Ferbanti,  Past  President  I.E  E. 

(Abxtracf.^ 

Notwithstanding  the  amount  that  has  been  written  regarding 
the  different  systems  of  driving  electric  generators,  the  subject 
still  seems  to  be  one  of  considerable  interest. 

The  position  to-day  is  that  the  steam  turbine  is  in  possession  of 
the  field,  and  that  gas  and  oil  engines  are  looked  upon  as  likely 
alternatives.  Many  people  believe  that  it  is  only  prejudice  or  the 
fear  of  doing  something  new  that  prevents  engineers  from  using 
these  two  latter  methods  for  generating  their  power.  I  do  not, 
however,  agree  with  this  view,  and  believe  that  engineers  are  using 
the  only  means  that  are  at  present  economically  available  for  the 
work  they  have  to  do. 

As  we  are  a  coal-producing  country,  it  is  evident  that  coal  is  our 
natural  fuel.  The  very  fact  of  oil  being  so  sought  after  as  fuel 
for  certain  purposes  puts  it  out  of  the  question  for  general  power 
production. 

A  good  steam  turbine  and  boiler  plant  will  to-day  give  back 
15  per  cent,  of  the  energy  of  the  fuel  as  electricity.  As  high  an 
efliciency  as  18i  per  cent,  has  actually  been  obtained  in  practice. 
It  is  probable,  however,  that  this  is  by  no  means  the  limit  of 
economy,  and  that  developments  in  this  class  of  machinery  will 
result  in  an  efficiency  of  25  per  cent,  being  obtained  in  the  near 
future. 

The  next  coal-burning  machine  that  we  have  to  consider  is  the 
gas  engine.  With  it  we  have  to  consider  not  only  the  efficiency  of 
the  machine  itself,  but  also  that  of  the  gas  producing  plant. 
When  the  system  is  considered  from  this  point  of  view,  its 
efficiency  is  probably  between  20  per  cent,  and  22  per  cent. 
With  this  process  there  should,  of  course,  be  worked  by-product 
recovery.  Although  it  appears  evident  that  in  the  future  all  coal 
must  be  gasified,  and  its  by-products  recovered,  it  does  not  seem 
that  present  knowledge  enables  this  to  be  done  at  sufficient  profit 
for  it  to  be  generally  adopted. 

In  the  oil  engine  we  have  a  machine  which  represents  the  highest 
efficiency  yet  realised.  Moreover,  test  figures  and  those  obtained  in 
practice  agree  very  closely.  The  efficiency,  as  already  defined,  may 
be  taken  as  between  28  per  cent,  and  30  per  cent. 

The  question  of  stand-by  losses  may  next  be  considered.  In  the 
oil  engine  there  is  practically  no  loss  under  this  heading.  In 
the  gas  engine  there  is  the  producer  loss,  and  in  the  turbine 
the  boiler  loss.  These  will  vary  very  much  with  the  nature  of  the 
load,  and  where  the  plant  is  well  designed  and  run,  and  the  load 
factor  is  good,  they  may  be  reduced  to  a  small  quantity. 
Both  the  oil  engine  and  the  gas  engine  are,  however,  badly 
handicapped  in  relation  to  the  steam  turbine  by  their  incapacity 
for  dealing  with  overloads  which  the  station  must  always  be  in  a 
position  to  meet. 

With  regard  to  the  question  of  the  labour  involved  in  running 
and  maintaining  the  plant,  as  matters  stand  to-day  the  turbine 
installation  is  undoubtedly  the  best,  but  it  is  hard  to  make  a  direct 
comparison,  as  the  number  of  generating  units  with  either  gas  or 
oil  would  be  so  great.  It  is,  however,  certain  that  the  plant  which 
is  the  simplest  will  always  have  the  advantage,  and  where  one  is 
purely  rotary  and  the  other  reciprocating  there  can  be  no  question 
at  all. 

In  the  matter  of  capital  cost  the  turbine  system  is  again  much 
the  best,  the  simplicity,  large  units  and  small  space  occupied  con- 
tributing to  this  result.  The  size  of  the  units  on  the  turbine 
system  compared  with  those  on  the  other  systems  is  perhaps  the 
greatest  determining  factor  in  the  case.  The  turbine  is  to-day 
adequate  in  fulfilling  the  demand,  whereas  the  other  two  systems 
are  not.  Moreover,  combined  with  its  boilers  and  auxiliary  plant, 
it  is  a  simple  means  of  generating  power. 

Reliability  of  operation  is,  of  course,  vital,  and  here  again  the 
turbine  system  scores  on  account  of  its  simplicity  and  because  in 
working  its  parts  are  not  subjected  to  either  high  or  uncertain 
stresses.  In  practice  the  turbine  system  has  proved  its  capacity  to 
meet  the  demand  that  is  made  on  power-producing  plant.  All  this 
goes  to  shpw  that  the  course  now   oUowed  by  engineers  in  the 


1020 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW.        [Voi.  72.  No.  i,856,  jukk  20, 1913. 


eeleotion  of  theb  plant  is  the  rigfht  one,  and  that  they  really  have 
no  option  in  the  matter. 

Looking  at  the  question  in  the  light  of  popsible  developmentB  in 
the  future,  I  cannot  help  thinking  that  as  long  as  enprines  are  used 
the  rotary  principle  will  be  followed.  For  the  moment  the  steam 
turbine  system  will  be  perfected  so  as  to  improve  its  efficiency  and 
fuel  consumption  ;  later  on,  when  the  turbine  can  ba  made  of  the 
internal -oombastion  type,  better  eoonomies  still  will  be  obtained. 


DiSCDSSIOX. 


Aldebman  Sinclair  (Swansea),  who  opened  the  discussion  on 
the  above  paper,  agreed  with  the  speaker's  concludinff  rtuiarka,  but 
said  that  these  applied  to  large  stations  only  :  for  small  stations  the 
reciprocating  engine  would  always  find  a  place.  As  an  instance  of 
what  the  reciprocating  engine  could  do,  he  cited  his  own  experience 
with  two  .'iOO-KW.  uniflow  type  engines  in  use  some  two  years,  with 
steam  superheated  22.5°.  These  operated  on  9  lb.  steam  per  i.h.I'.- 
hourand  consumed  3\  lb.  ol  coal  per  unit,  the  total  operating  cost 
being  "Md.  per  unit.  The  plant  was  worked  in  conjunction  with  a 
battery 

Mb.  a.  E.  Seaton  in  the  course  of  a  humorous  speech 
dwelt  on  the  necessity  of  engineers  ensuring  that  their  guarantees 
on  new  plant  were  obtained.  He  pointed  out  that  no  engineer 
could  claim  that  he  knew  all  about  "diddling,"  consequently 
it  was  necessary  that  tests  of  new  plant  should  be  carried  out  by  an  ' 
independent  party,  as,  for  instance,  one  of  the  well-known 
insurance  companies.  Under  no  circumstances  whatever  would  he 
(the  speiker)  allow  the  contracting  firms  to  have  anything  to  do 
with  the  testing. 

Me.  H.  S.  RrssKLL  (Mirlees,  Bickerton  i  Day)  took  up  the 
cudgels  on  behalf  of  the  Diesel  oil  engine,  attacking  the  author's 
assumption  that  it  was  necessary  to  have  a  big  power  station, 
transmission  line  and  sub-stations.  It  would  be  more  economical  to 
install  Diesel  engines  in  sub-stations  (requiring  no  more  attendance 
than  previously)  and  to  dispense  with  the  power  station  and  trans- 
mission, as  there  was  not  much  use  in  trying  to  save  10  per  cent. 
in  generating  costs  if  1 5  per  cent,  was  going  to  be  lost  in  trans- 
mission. The  question  whether  coal  was  the  most  suitable  fuel  for 
power  station  purposes  depended  entirely  on  economic  conditions  ; 
it  might  pay  better  to  export  it.  In  any  case,  in  view  of  the 
important  by-products  of  coal  distillation,  particularly  the  tar  oil 
obtainable  which  was  suitable  for  Diesel  engines,  it  seemed  that  the 
latter  was  the  best  prime  mover  even  with  coal  as  a  fuel.  He 
pointed  out  that  there  was  a  considerable  diflPerence  between  coal 
stored  and  coal  burnt  due  to  fuel  depreciation,  and  the  coal  stored 
figure  should  be  used  for  comparisons.  Steam  plants  on  the  average 
always  exceeded  their  rated  consumption  (German  statistics 
showed  that  they  tonk  over  100  per  cent,  more  than  their  rated 
consumption),  while  Diesel  plant  worked  within  a  narrow  margin 
of  guarantees.  The  high  price  of  oil  fuel  now  was  entirely  due 
to  lack  of  transport  facilities  ;  huge  stocks  of  oil  were  being  held 
up,  and  there  was  no  appearance  of  shortage  of  production. 
Moreover,  the  use  of  the  Diesel  engine  in  the  Navy  would  lead  to  a 
substantial  reduction  of  the  oil  consumed  for  naval  requirements 
as  compared  with  its  use  for  boiler  firing. 

Mk.  R.  a.  Chattock  (Birmingham)  did  not  consider  the 
criticism  of  Dr.  Ferranti's  remarks  as  justified  in  view  of  the 
ascertained  facts.  In  connection  with  the  large  Birmingham 
extension,  he  (the  speaker)  had  carefully  considered  the  relative 
costs  of  steam  and  gas  plant  for  their  new  station,  and  taking 
capital  and  all  the  items  usually  entering  into  works  costs,  he 
found  that  for  a  gas-engine  station,  running  on  a  27  per  cent, 
load-factor,  the  cost  would  be  12  per  cent,  higher  than  if  a 
steam  turbine  plant  were  used.  Further,  if  town's  gas  were  used 
at  only  6d.  per  1,000  cb.  ft.  in  large  gas  engines,  the  working  cost 
would  be  41  per  cent,  higher  than  with  steam  turbines.  The  load 
factor  was  low  for  a  gas-engine  plant,  but  taking  an  all-round  25  per 
cent,  load  factor  of  supply,  he  did  not  see  how  it  would  be  possible 
to  get  more  than  from  27  to  30  per  cent,  on  the  gas  plant.  The 
turbine  units  were  of  5,U00  kw.,  and  the  gae-engine  sets  of 
4,000  KW.,  which  was  the  largest  size  commercially  made.  If 
smaller  gas  engines  were  considered  the  labour  charges  increased 
unduly.  With  regard  to  the  previous  speaker's  suggestion  for 
Diesel  engine  sub-stations,  with  a  Iuu.oOO-kw.  scheme  as  at 
Birmingham,  it  appeared  that  some  2i"i  Diesel  engines  would  be 
retjuired,  and  the  labour  costs  would  be  appalling.  Lack  of  over- 
load capacity  in  internal -combustion  engine  plants  was  a  serious 
drawback,  as  if  the  plant  would  not  stand  up  to  the  load  it  might 
mean  a  total  shut-Iown. 

Mit.  R.  VV.  Weekes  referred  at  some  length  to  the  economy  to  be 
derived  in  industrial  plants  where  the  steam  required  for  elec- 
trical generating  purposes  was  subsequently  used  for  heating 
and  boiling,  as  was  the  case  in  the  sugar  and  soap-making 
industries. 

Mr.  H.  Gray  (Accrington)  remarked  that  all  were  well 
acquainted  with  the  steam  turbine  and  what  it  could  do,  but  only 
the  Accrington  Council  had  so  far  installed  large  producer  gas 
engines  with  by-product  recovery  plant,  and  their  experience 
only  covered  eight  months  as  yet.  This  plant  was  intended  to  run 
fully  loaded,  but  due  to  the  poor  Sunday  load  the  load  factor  had 
only  reached  S2  per  cent.  The  running  conditions  suggested  by 
Mr.  Chattock  were  unsuitable  ;  such  a  plant  must  run  night  and 
day.  The'r  output  fr<im  the  gas  engines  had  been  80,000  units  per 
week;  the  fuel  consumed  was  I'SG  lb.,  costing  ■12.5d.  per  unit, 
taken  over  a  period  of  three  months.  From  by-products  there  was 
a  credit  of  '07d.  per  unit,  or  more  than  half  the  total  fuel  cost, 
and  this  was  obtained  with  local  coal.  It  was  a  question  whether 
It  would  pay  to  inoreaae  the  by-prodHct«  return  by  using  better 


coal.  Keeping  a  1,250-n.P.  producer  ready  for  working  for  one 
week  required  i  ton  of  coal,  which  compared  well  with  any  steam 
plant.     For  overload  purposes  steam  plant  should  be  installed. 

Mu.  E.  E.  Hoadley  (Maidstone)  said  that  consideration  of  a  smaller 
extension  scheme  at  Maidstone,  where  the  question  of  steam  or  oil 
plant  arose,  had  led  him  to  decide  on  a  7.")0-KW.  steam  set,  as,  taking 
carefully  ascertained  costs  for  an  output  of  2}  million  units  by 
this  set,  he  found  that  steam  plant  was  the  cheaper,  although  he 
had  himself  favoured  oil-engine  plant  in  the  first  instance. 

Mb.  C.  H.  WoBDiKtiHAM  suggested  that  the  author  dealt  entirely 
with  the  future,  which  was  some  way  off.  Present  requirements 
pointed  to  the  small  station  as  a  necessity,  and  he  adhered  to  his 
opinfon,  expressed  recently,  that  the  practical  solution  of  the  prob- 
lem was  to  u^  small  gas  engines  running  in  conjunction  with 
the  existing  gas  works.  He  knew  they  were  in  general  disagree- 
ment with  him,  and  that  they  favoured  Dr.  Ferranti's  views. 

Mr.  II.  Richard.son  (Dundee)  said  that,  in  connection  with  h.t. 
supply  in  Dundee,  he  had  considered  the  question  of  steam  and  oil 
generating  plant,  having  had  the  idea  of  assisting  the  sub-station 
plant  by  means  of  Diesel  engines.  He  found  that  a  B,000-KW. 
turbine,  with  boilers,  bunkers,  ice,  would  cost  £8(»,000,  while  four 
Diesel  units,  to  give  the  same  output,  would  cost  £  58,000,  neglecting 
the  greater  space  taken.  With  the  Diesel  plant  the  fuel  cost 
would  be  'l.-jd.  per  unit  generated,  while  they  were  then  generating 
at  their  own  steam  station  for  'lid.  per  unit  coal  cost.  The  oil 
engine  was  suitable  for  small  lighting  areas,  but  could  not  com- 
pete in  power  areas.  The  Sunday  interval  which  Mr.  Gray 
deplored  was  often  highly  valued  by  those  using  gas  engines.  He 
agreed  with  the  author  on  the  necessity  of  looking  ahead  ;  it  had 
been  a  great  fault  in  the  past  that  this  had  not  been  done.  The 
capital  cost  of  hydro-electric  works  rendered  it  hopeless  for  water 
power  to  compete  with  steam  generally. 

Mb.  W.  a.  Chasikn  (S.  Wales  E.P.D.  Co.)  said  he  had  been  much 
disappointed  on  looking  into  the  question  of  oil  and  gas  plant  in 
his  area.  He  pointed  out  that  sub-station  attendance  was  not 
nearly  so  serious  an  item  as  was  made  out  by  the  Diesel  engine 
people,  as  many  sub-stations  were  of  the  static  type.  Transmission 
losses  were  also  less  than  had  been  suggested. 

Mr.  J.  E.  Edgcome  (Kingston-on-Thames)  said  his  interest  in 
the  paper  was  aroused  by  the  remarks  on  fuel.  At  Kingston  he 
was  hoping  to  run  his  Diesel  plant  on  water  gas  tar,  but  found 
it  was  nearly  all  exported  to  Germany. 

Dr.  Ferranti,  in  replying,  said  that  what  could  take  place  in  the 
future  was  likely  to  help  greatly  in  the  decisions  of  the  present. 
He  thought  it  possible  that  he  mijrht  be  charged  with  dealing  too 
much  with  the  present,  in  view  of  his  remarks  on  the  turbine. 

The  plant  one  would  have  to  use  was  really  settled  by  what 
one  could  use.  In  America  he  found  huge  gas  engine-plants  in 
use,  under  ideal  conditions,  at  the  Gary  plant  of  the  U.S.  Steel 
Corporation  and  elsewhere,  yet  the  Commonwealth  Edison  Co., 
at  Chicago,  were  installing  25,000-kw.  steam  turbines,  and  were 
considering  one  of  30,000  kw.  capacity,  despite  their  full 
knowledge  of  the  use  of  gas  engines.  The  question  of  prime 
movers  was  closely  allied  with  extension  of  distribution  ;  if  large 
communities  could  supply  smaller  adjoining  ones,  it  would  be  very 
beneficial  to  the  country  at  large. 

(7"o  be  continued.) 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Earl's  Conrt  Exhibits. — The  visitor  to  this  Exhibition 
will  observe  among  the  other  objects  of  military  interest  a  display 
of  telegraphic  equipment  for  field  service  loaned  by  the  Secretary 
of  State  for  War.  The  Harper  Electric  Piano  Company  relieves  the 
quietness  of  the  hall  wherein  this  exhibit  is  to  be  found,  and  else- 
where we  observed  Mr.  Heathman's  show  of  portable  and  other 
ladders,  and  an  exhibit  of  the  Acme  patent  ladders.  From  the 
electrical  point  of  view  the  finest  show,  in  our  opinion,  is  that  of 
the  International  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Kilburn.  who  have  an 
excellent  collection  of  military  and  naval  telephones,  selective 
railway  signalling  sets  and  other  manufactures  well  worthy  of  a 
visit, 

"  Paraxon  "     Interoal-Coiultusticn    Locomotive. — 

A  manufacturing  licence  foT  the  construction  of  this  interest- 
ing locomotive  has  been  purchased  by  Messrs.  Hawthorne, 
Leslie  &.  Co.,  locomotive  engineers,  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne.  The 
power  transmission  in  these  locomi  tives  is  on  the  'Paragon"  vari- 
able-frequency polyphase  alternating-current  system  (Durtnall's 
patents).  The  electrical  plant  will  be  manufactured  by  licensed 
manufacturers  of  the  "Paragon"  plant.  ]\Ir  Durtnall  informs 
us  that  a  large  amount  of  business  is  opening  up  in 
various  parts  of  the  world,  judging  from  the  nnmber  of 
inquiries  both  himself  and  his  partner.  Mr.  Herbert  H.  B, 
Deane,  of  Sydney,  Australia,  have  received  for  these  loco- 
motives, which  are  being  designed  for  use  with  both  residue 
oil  and  coal  gas  as  fuel.  Designs  are  now  being  got  out  for  loco- 
motives up  to  800  H.r.  for  a  large  Colonial  railway,  on  which  this 
system  will  be  used.  The  principle  on  which  these  engints  work 
was  explained  in  our  issue  of  January  10th,  I'JIS. 

<)sram  Motor  Vans.  —  The  Gexerai,  Electric  Co., 

Ltd.,  have  just  put  on  the  road  two  new  motor  delivery  vans 
(40-H.P.  Daimler),  devoted  exclusively  to  the  distribution  of  Osram 
drawn-wire  lamps 


#1 

I 


Vol.  72.    No.  l.M.'.fi,  Junk  20,  191!).] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


1021 


Lamn-iuaklnif  Films.— Mksshs.Sikmkxs  Hums.  DvNA.MO 

WouKs,  Lid.,  of  DalHton,  mode  arranifcinontH  for  the  exhibition 
of  their  "  Wotaii  '  and  Tiiutaluin  lainp-ninkini;  lilmg  at  the  KiDK«- 
land  Kmpire  OinematoKrapb  Theatre,  DalstoD,  on  Monday  afternoon 
laut. 

Book  IN'oticfS. — Kkilnv  Wiritui.  By  \V.  C.  Clinton, 
B.So.  London  :  .Fohn  Murray.  Price  28.— This  book  has  been 
revised  and  the  type  han  been  entirely  reset,  with  new  illuB- 
trations,  and  a  new  chapter  on  dynamos  and  motors  ;  it  has  been 
reprinted  five  times,  and  is  now  in  its  third  edition.  The  voice  of 
(food  report  has,  therefore,  spoken  in  its  favour,  and  we  need  only 
say  that  it  is  u  neat  and  handy  little  volume,  clearly  printed, 
clearly  worded,  and  coverin(?  the  ground  very  well.  The 
subjects  dealt  with  are  elementary  principles,  calculations, 
insulation  and  wiring;,  switches  and  lamps,  installations,  bolls, 
batteries,  testing,  and  dynamos  and  motors. 

"Jiitiriia/  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers." 
Vol.  XXXV,  No.  G.  June,  1913.  New  York  :  The  Society.  Price 
35  cents. 

", foil  nidi  of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects."  Vol.  I,  No.  6. 
.Tune,  1913.     Washingrton  :  The  Institute. 

"i?()ZW/'«  de  Ingenieros."  Vol.  Ill,  No.  9.  May,  1913.  Mexico: 
Secretaria  de  (Juerra. 

"  llidlrtiii  Seientifique  de  I'AsBOciation  des  Eloves  des  Ecoles 
Spt'-oiales."     April,  1913.     Lioge  :  Lahaye  &  Co.     Price  75  cents. 

"  Memoir.i  of  the  College  of  Science  and  Engineering,  Kyoto 
Imperial  University."  Vol.  IV,  Nos.  1  and  2.  Novemljer  and 
December,  1912.  Vol.  V,  Nos.  1  to  5.  September,  1912,  to  April, 
1913.     Kyoto,  Japan  :  The  University. 

Cataloji'ues  and  Lists. — The  Oener.u,  Electric  Co., 

Ltd.,  67,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.G. — The  company  have 
issued  their  1913  fan  catalogue.  Early  in  1912  they  erected 
at  Witton  a  separate  factory  which  is  devoted  to  the  construction 
of  fans,  and  this  catalogue  covers  the  whole  field  of  the  application 
of  electricity  to  ventilating  work.  Beginning  with  a  small  desk 
fan  taking  20  watts,  the  catalogue  concludes  with  centrifugal 
fans  and  exhaust  fans  with  diameters  of  60  in.  ;  ceiling  fans, 
oscillating  fans  and  punkahs  in  great  variety  are  included. 
Amongst  the  various  designs  of  "  Freezor  "  desk  fans,  the  "Lite- 
weight  "  fan  may  be  mentioned.  It  consumes  25  watts  and  weighs 
10  lb. — a  point  which  will  appeal  to  shippers,  especially  where 
Customs  duties  are  charged  on  a  weight  basis.  For  use  aboard 
ship,  a  back  plate  pattern  of  fan  has  been  introduced,  which  can 
be  fixed  to  a  ceiling  and  withdrawn  from  the  plate  and  disconnected 
at  will.  The  air  can  be  thrown  in  any  direction  by  an  adjustment  of 
the  fan,  which  is  effected  by  merely  turning  a  screw.  Illustrations 
and  particulars  are  given  of  the  desk  and  bracket  fans  made  to 
British  Admiralty  specification  ;  the  Swan  fan  ;  Fitter  blades  for 
fitting  in  place  of  the  ordinary  blade  ;  exhaust  fans  of  both  c.c. 
and  A.c.  types  having  either  induction  or  repulsion  motors  ;  a  large 
range  of  centrifugal  fans,  for  which  a  big  order  was  recently 
placed  by  the  Admiralty.  The  speed  regulators  listed  include  a 
neat  device  not  much  larger  than  an  ordinary  tumbler  switch  by 
which  the  speed  of  a  fan  can  be  varied  as  desired.  All  Freezor 
desk  fans  have  a  special  regulator  fitted  in  their  base,  so  that  no 
additional  speed  regulator  is  necessary.  Moreover,  since  the  speed 
regulator  also  includes  an  "off"  position,  the  installation  of  a 
switch  is  obviated.  In  the  sweltering  weather  that  we  have 
just  passed  through,  the  very  name  of  the  General  Electkic 
Co.'s  fan  is  refreshing,  and  we  are  informed  that  the  company  have 
inaugurated  a  special  express  delivery  service  to  enable  their  trade 
customers  to  cope  with  the  demand  without  carrying  large  stocks. 

The  Cambbidge  Scientific  Instrument  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cam- 
bridge.— New  catalogue  (No.  107)  of  about  40  pages,  dealing  very 
fully  with  electro-cardiographic  apparatus,  including  full  descrip- 
tions and  cost  of  outfits  suitable  for  taking  electro-cardiograms  and 
phono-cardiograms.  Several  special  pieces  of  apparatus,  such  as 
the  cardiograph  switchboard  and  time  markers,  &c.,  have  been 
designed,  and  complete  outfits  are  arranged  in  every  way  to  meet 
the  requirements  of  either  the  ordinary  medical  practitioner  or 
the  research  physiologist.  The  pamphlet  is  well  and  fuUy 
illustrated. 

Allgemeixe  Elektkicitats  -  Gesellschaft,  Berlin.  — 
Pamphlets  relating  to  "  Electricity  in  Farmers'  Houses,"  and 
"  Tube-wire,"  an  insulated  wire  with  a  metal  sheath  which  is  used 
in  installation  wiring. 

The  ScHNiEwaNDT  Electric  Co.,  40  and  41,  Staniforth  Street, 
Birmingham. — New  illustrated  price  list  No.  H.P.  loO.  giving 
particulars  of  "  asbestos  cement "  electrically-heated  hot-plates, 
cast-iron  cooking  plates,  and  large  enamelled  iron  cooking  plates 
with  nickel-plated  feet. 

Messrs.  J.  Burns,  Ltd.,  187  and  189,  Central  Street,  London, 
E.C. — Price  list,  No.  513,  giving  tabulated  sizes  and  prices  of 
vulcanised  fibre,  and  ebonite  sheets,  tubes,  rods,  &c. 

Messrs.  Scholey  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  151,  Queen  Victoria  Street, 
London,  E.C. — The  Scholey  Magazine,  of  which  No.  1  is  before  us, 
is  a  booklet  specially  intended  for  shippers  and  exporters,  con- 
taining a  description  of  a  number  of  the  firm's  manufactures — 
Graham  electric  lifts,  electric  soldtring  and  branding  irons,  indes- 
tructible cables,  tool-steel  gears  and  pinions,  and  switchgear. 
There  are  some  notes  entitled  "  Why  Australia  Buys  So  Cheaply.'' 

The  Do\vsin(;  Radiant  Heat  Co.,  Ltd.,  105,  Great  Portland 
Street,  London,  W. — Eighteen-page  list  containing  a  number  of 
illuBtiations,  with  brief  particulars  and  prices,  of  their  Solarium  or 


electric  \\\i\\t  cabinet  biithn.  Th«  foldlnir  and  reclliiinir  |>»tterD» 
shown  have,  we  undorHtand.  been  inntBlIed  In  many  wjontry  hooar*, 
Including  thone  of  the  Duke  of  WeM minuter,  Duk«  of  Portland, 
and  Lord  ^t.  Oswalrl.  Portable  electric  bathn,  nupplled  for  (tivinj 
local  light  and  heat  treatment  to  particular  limVj*  or  part*  of  the 
body,  are  among  the  lines  included  in  the  list. 

Mk.ssii.s.  Ohkau  VVkiier,  25,  ParifrrBtrawie,  Berlin,  W.  15, 
announce  the  idsue  of  their  new  catalogue,  No.  2'>'\  of  numerotu 
types  and  fittings  for  wire  lamps  of  all  sizes,  and  installation 
materials,  in  five  languages. 

Mes.sus.  MAriic  Af'PLiANCEH,  LTD.,  6,  Karringdon  Avenne, 
London,  E.G.— Illustrated  folder  (for  consumers'  education) 
entitled  "  A  Scandal  in  High  Society, "  dealing  with  the  "  Matric  ' 
suction  cleaner,  and  a  leaflet  "  Aids  to  Health  and  Comfort,'^ 
showing  and  pricing  the  "  Oscillus  '  vibrator  and  the  "Hotwynd  ' 
hair  dryer,  A:c. 

Messrs.  Siemkns  Brcs.  *  Co.,  Ltd.,  Woolwich.— CataloRoe 
No.  513  (2.S  pages)  fully  illustrating  and  describing,  also  statintr 
prices  of,  their  electric  apparatus  for  mines,  including  luminous 
and  combined  visual  and  recording  mine  shaft  signalling  apparatus, 
bell  indicators,  hooters,  bells,  loud-speaking  'phones,  dial  signalling 
apparatus,  &c. 

Messr.^.  R.  H.  Patterson  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Forth  Street  Works, 
Newcastle-on-Tyne.— June  catalogue  of  new  and  second-hand 
machinery  for  sale  or  hire. 

The  National  Electric  Time  Co.,  Ltd.,  15,  Great  Sutton 
Street,  Clerkenwell,  London,  E.C— Several  publications  relating  to 
their  electric  impulse  clocks,  headway  indicators,  and  train  time 
recorders.  One  is  entitled  "  Electric  Time  Service  for  Railways," 
and  another  gives  descriptive  notes,  with  illustrations  and  prices,  of 
the  Dallett  controlled  system  of  electric  impulse  clocks.  These 
clocks  are  now  being  installed  at  the  northern  stations  of  the 
Bakerloo  section  of  the  London  Electric  Railway,  and  the  company 
have  devised  a  system  to  meet  the  special  requirements,  including 
the  transmission  of  time  impulses  imparted  over  the  long  distances 
entailed. 

Strike  Settled.— The  Daily  Express  says  that  the  first 
settlement  of  importance  in  connection  with  the  Black  Country 
strikes  took  place  on  Monday,  when  the  General  Electric  Co.,  of 
Witton,  decided  to  concede  the  238.  minimum  wage. 

Montreal  Kxhibition.— f«n«(/«  says  that  an  electrical 
exhibition  is  to  be  held  in  the  city  of  Montreal,  at  the  Arena,  from 
October  18th  to  25th.  The  Montreal  Light,  Heat  &  Power  Co.  are 
taking  a  special  interest  in  the  exhibition,  and  are  arranging  to 
have  a  very  elaborate  display. 

Hendon  Cottage  Hospital.— Messrs.  Fhancis  Reade 

AND  Co.,  of  Finchley,  carried  out  the  electrical  work  at  the  Hendon 
Cottage  Hospital,  which  was  opened  last  Saturday  by  Princess 
Henry  of  Battenburg. 

Electrical  Industry.— The  annual  report  just  issued  by 

the  Wolverhampton  Chamber  of  Commerce  contains  the  following 
reference  to  the  electrical  engineering  trade  : — "  This  industry  has 
been  very  busily  engaged  during  the  past  12  months.  The  use  of 
electricity  for  a  large  variety  of  purposes  continues  to  increase  and 
expand.  Wireless  telegraphy  has  caused  a  large  demand  for  special 
types  of  electric  generators,  and  large  power  plants  have  been  put 
down  nearly  all  over  the  country,  while  at  the  same  time  there  has 
been  a  steady  flow  of  good  shipping  business.  The  local  factories 
are  full  of  work,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  a  heavy  demand  will  be 
made  upon  them  for  a  long  time  ahead.  Prices  are  better,  and  the 
industry  on  the  whole  is  in  a  much  more  satisfactory  condition." 

Malleable   Iron. — Messrs.  .Ta^ies  Simmonds  &  Co., 

Ltd.,  of  Whitmore  Reans,  Wolverhampton,  inform  us  that  by  an 
entirely  new  process  Blackheart  malleable  iron  is  being  produced 
giving,  as  certified  by  Prof.  Dixon,  of  Birmingham  University,  a 
tensile  breaking  strain  of  208  tons  per  sq.  in.,  and  with  a  bending 
strain,  on  a  bar  1  sq.  in.  in  section,  between  points  12  in.  apart, 
weight  in  centre  27  tons,  a  deflection  of  i  in.  The  material  with- 
stands repeated  shocks  better  than  mild  steel,  and  can  be  worked 
under  the  hammer  hot  or  cold,  in  very  much  thfe  same  way  as  mild 
steel.  It  can  also  be  machined  with  ease.  They  are  the  sole  selling 
agents  for  this  material. 

English  Steel  Works  in  Canada.— The  Times  corres- 
pondent at  Montreal,  reports  that  Messrs.  Arjjstrong,  Whit- 
worth  are  about  to  erect  steel  works  on  the  south  shore  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  River,  opposite  Montreal.  The  site  cost  *:  80.000.  and 
the  first  series  of  buildings  will  cost  £200,000.  The  works  will 
be  in  operation  on  May  1st  next  year.  They  will  employ  500  men 
to  start  with,  and  in  two  years'  time  2,000  men.  The  undertaking 
is  not  designed  for  warship  building.  It  is  proposed  to  establish 
later  subsidiary  plant  throughout  the  Dominion. 

Dissolutions    and     Liquidations.  —  Oeje    Dyxamo 

Brush  Co.,  Ltd.— A  meeting  will  be  held  at  233,  Park  Lane, 
Aston,  Birmingham,  on  July  14th,  to  hear  an  account  of  the  wiad- 
ing  up  from  the  liquidator,  ilr.  J.  W.  Massey. 

Thorp  &  Arkell,  motor  and  electrical  engineers,  Marlborough 
Street,  Faringdon.— Messrs.  J.  Thorp  &  T.  Arkell  have  dissolved 
partnership.  Mr.  Thorp  attends  to  debts  and  will  continue  the 
business  as  James  Thorp  ik  Co, 


1022 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,8:.6,  June  20,  1913. 


H.  Barder  A:  Co.,  Johannesburg. — Messrs.  H.  Harder  &  Alex- 
ander Sjlomon  have  dissolved  partnership.  Mr.  Solomon  will  con- 
tinue the  business  (under  the  old  style  until  August)  at  the  same 
addros'*,  li'.y,  Siniinonds  Street,  Kox  2,r)S7.  Mr.  Barder  has  com- 
menced business  with  Mr.  T.  H  W.  Williams,  M.E.,  as  H.  Barder 
and  Co.,  Ltd.,  doinir  business  in  electrical  and  mechanical  appliances. 
Catalogues  and  terms  are  invited  by  the  new  company  at 
Box  2,587  as  above. 

Meter  .Approved. — The  JJoard  of  Trade  has  approved 
of  the  polyphase  meter  type  D.a.  submitted  by  the  Electrical 
Co.,  Ltd.,  in  April  last. 

Fire. — It  is  reported  that  a  serious  fire  occurred  on 
Sunday  morning:  at  the  work-*  of  Messr.s.  Yates  &  Thom  at 
Blackbarn,  doinpr  damage  to  the  tune  of  £1.50,000. 

Bankrnptcy  Proceedinjrs. — Frank  Hucks,  electrical 

enfrineer,  lately  carryinpr  on  business  at  2,  Adelaide  Road,  Hampstead, 
under  the  style  of  Frank  Hucks  A:  Co.  -The  first  meetinff  of 
creditors  was  held  on  Tuesday  at  the  London  Bankruptcy  Court, 
under  a  receiving'  order  made  in  this  case.  It  transpired  that  the 
debtor  commenced  business  in  May,  1901),  having  a  seat  in  his 
father's  otlice  in  James  Street,  Camden  Town.  He  removed  a  year 
later  to  IS,  Charing  Cross  Road,  and  from  thence,  in  February, 
1911,  to  Hampstead,  where  he  carried  on  the  business  until  last 
February,  when  he  relinquished  it  and  became  managing  secretary 
to  a  company.  The  business  was  never  a  success,  and  the  debtor 
kept  it  aftoat  from  the  beginning  with  the  aid  of  borrowed  money  ; 
he  eventually  gave  a  bill  of  sale  over  the  furniture,  and  sold  his 
reversion  under  his  father's  will  ;  but  owing  to  pressure  by 
creditors,  he  closed  down.  Since  then,  a  creditor  continued  to 
exercise  pressure,  with  the  result  that  the  debtor  tiled  his  petition 
on  June  tth.  He  attributes  his  failure  and  insolvency  to  loss  on 
contracts  through  under-estimating,  and  to  further  losses  caused  by 
a  li'  weeks'  illness  in  the  spring  of  I'.Ml.  The  liabilities  are  esti- 
mated at  £775,  and  the  assets  consist  of  "book  debts,  £110.''  In 
theabience  of  any  proposal,  the  estate  was  left  to  be  wound  up  by 
the  Official  Receiver  in  bankruptcy. 

Fred.  Shaw,  electrical  contractor,  Hessle  Road,  Kingston-npon- 
HuU. — A  supplemental  dividend  of  Hd.  and  4  per  cent,  interest  is 
payable  J  nne  20th,  at  York  City  B»nk  Chambers,  Lowgate,  Hull. 

RoRT.  E.  Joy  (Bristol  Electrical  Co.),  electrical  engineer,  14.!, 
Cheltenham  Road,  Bristol.— Discharge  suspended  for  two  years,  to 
take  effect  from  May  23rd,  191."). 

Tom  Arthur  Flather,  electrical  engineer,  of  406,  Mendwood 
Road,  Leeds. — At  the  Leeds  Bankruptcy  Court,  last  Tuesday,  before 
his  Honour  Judge  Graham,  K.C,  application  for  discharge  from 
bankruptcy  was  made.  The  liabilities  in  the  case  were  £3,'J7,  and 
the  assets  totalled  to  only  £23.  The  discharge  was  suspended 
subject  to  the  debtor  consenting  to  judgment  for  £100. 

J.  G.  S.  CrNSi.N(;T0.\  .V:  H.  P.  Alison  (Laing  Wharton  i;  Cun-' 
nington),  electrical  engineers  and  contractors,  7,  Great  Newport 
Street.  London.— Third  and  final  dividend  of  1  Jd.  in  the  £,  payable 
at  2H,  King  Street,  Cheapside,  EC. 

Cecil  Wray,  electrical  and  mechanical  engineer,  Bradford, — A 
first  dividend  of  lOd.  in  the  £  is  payable  at  12,  Duke  Street, 
Bradford,  by  the  Official  Receiver. 

J.  A.  Bauer  (Electrical  and  General  Engineering  Co),  17. 
Gracechurch  Street,  E,C.— Trustee  released,  May  28th. 

Trade  innoancements. — Messrs.  Naldku  Bros,  and 

Thompson,  Ltd  ,  announce  that  they  will  shortly  be  moving  their 
factory  and  head  office  from  Queen  Street,  E  C„  to  very  much 
larger  premises  now  building  at  'J7a  Dalston  Lane,  N.E.  They  will 
retain  an  office  and  showroom  at  (^ueen  Street  which  will  be  in 
communication  with  the  head  office  by  means  of  a  private  telephone 
extension  line.  The  existing  part  machine  shops  at  Kingsland 
Green  will  be  continued  as  heretofore.  The  new  premises  will 
afford  the  firm  largely  increased  facilities  both  for  output  and 
for  prompt  delivery. 

The  South  Loxdo.n  Conduit  Fittings  Co.,  of  Kennington, 
are  removing  to  larger  and  more  convenient  premises  at  10-1(>, 
Marlborough  Road,  0;d  Kent  Road,  S.E.,  where  they  are  putting 
down  more  extensive  machine  shops  and  a  malleable  and  common 
iron  foundry. 

Mr,  G.  E.  Hii'kins,  formerly  with  Mr.  O.  C.  Knight,  has 
commenced  business  as  an  electrician  and  electrical  goods  dealer  at 
48,  Wolverhampton  Street,  Dudley. 

The  Electrical  Esoineebino  and  Equipment  Co.,  Ltd,, 
1C9-U1,  New  Oxford  Street,  London,  W.C,  are  taking  up  the  sale 
of  the  "  Pelapone  "  oil  and  gas  engines. 

Messrs.  Eumiston,  Brown  ic  Co.,  mechanical  and  electrical 
engineers,  have  removed  to  219,  St.  Vincent  Street,  Glasgow. 
Telephone  numbers:     C-ntral  1189  and  1190  (two  lines). 

In  our  paragraph  regarding  Messrs.  Baxter  &  Caunteu  last 
week  we  mentioned  their  '•  switchboard  "  department  in  error.  We 
should  have  said  "export"'  department.  For  Mr.  Best  read  Mr. 
Betts.    Some  words  sound  very  similar  on  the  telephone. 

The  Bastian  Electric  Heating  Syndicate,  Ltd.,  are,  to- 
morrow (Saturday),  removing  their  sales  oflBce  from  Palmerston 
House,  E.C.,  to  185,  Wardonr  Street,  W.  (near  Oxford  Street  end). 

Messrs.  British  Insulated  and  Helsisy  Cahles,  Ltd.,  last 
week  removed  their  Manchester  branch  to  Orme  Buildings,  Par- 
sonage, Manchester,  where  more  commodious  premises  have  been 
secured.   The  telephone  and  telegraphic  numbers  remain  unchanged. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Arjfentina.— The  Mayor  of  Santa  I-Y-  has  stated  that  as 

soon  as  the  additions  to  the  electric  light  station  have  been  com- 
pleted it  will  be  the  fourth  in  importance  in  the  Republic.  The 
inhabitants  of  that  city  are  of  the  opinion  that  it  would  be 
advantageous  to  the  authorities  if  they  were  to  reduce  the  present 
rate  charged  for  energy  which  is  considered  to  be  excessive  — 
lii'iii'w  of  Rirer  Plate. 

The  Cesellschaft  Columbus  fiir  Elektrisohe  I'nternehmnngen, 
which,  as  stated  in  a  recent  issue,  has  been  formed  at  (Jlarus, 
Switzerland,  will  devote  itself  to  the  development  of  electrical 
undertakings  in  the  Argentine  Republic ;  to  this  end  it  ha* 
acquired  three-fourths  of  the  shares  of  the  Compagnie  Italo- 
Argentine  d'EIectrioitc'. 

Barnstaple. — The  increased  stability  of  the  municipal 
electric  light  undertaking  is  shown  in  the  result  of  the  past  year's 
working.  The  gross  profits  amount  to  £2,337,  compared  with  a 
five  years' average  of  £l,4o(i,  and  show  an  increase  of  £871  over  last 
year.  There  have  been  increased  receipts  for  private  lighting 
amounting  to  £198,  and  for  power  and  heating  amounting  to  £1iil'. 
Public  lighting  has  cost  £49  less.  By  the  mstallation  of  new 
accumulators,  a  reduction  of  no  less  than  £345  was  effected  in  the 
cost  of  production,  although  the  output  was  largely  increased. 
Capital  charges  amounting  to  £2,124,  left  a  net  profit  of  £213  on 
the  year's  working.  But  the  new  accumulators  were  paid  for  out 
of  revenue,  and  this  left  a  debit  balance  of  about  £20.  Extensions 
of  the  service  and  other  indications  point  to  a  further  increased 
output  next  year. 

Barrow-in-Farness.— The   L.Ci.B.   has  sanctioned   an 

expenditure  of  £704  by  the  B.  of  G,  for  lighting  the  workhou.w 
by  electricity.  Of  this  sum  £(i50  is  to  bo  obtained  on  loan,  and 
repaid  in  10  years, 

Bedt'urd, — For  the  convenience  of  consumers,  the  T.L'. 
has  decided  to  allow  connections  for  one  or  two  lamps  to  the  power 
supply  for  the  purpose  of  lighting  isolated  motors  or  machines. 
For  this  a  fixed  charge  is  to  be  made  of  2s.  per  quarter  for  each 
30-watt  point  et  pro  rata  in  addition  to  Id,  per  unit  for  energy  used. 
The  minimum  charge  per  point  is  to  be  2s.  per  quarter.  A  cable  is 
to  be  placed  under  the  railway  in  order  to  supply  current  to  the  new 
works  of  Messrs.  Peek,  Frean  ^V  Co. 

Bedwortli. — The  P.O.  has  decided  to  have  experiments 
in  public  lighting  made  by  the  Leicestershire  and  Warwickshire 
Electric  Supply  Co.  and  the  Gas  Co.  The  former  offers  to  supply 
10i»  5<i.c.P.  lamps  at  ,£3  10s.  per  lamp  per  annum. 

Bexhill. — The  financial  report  of  the  borough  electric 
light  undertaking  for  the  year  ended  March  Slst  shows  a  gross 
profit  of  £6,173,  as  compared  with  £.'.,247  in  the  previous  year.  A 
sum  of  £611  is  brought  forward  from  last  year's  account,  and  after 
providing  for  the  repayment  of,  and  interest  on,  loans,  thero 
remains  a  balance  of  £1,875,  which  has  been  allocated  as  follows  : 
— Meters,  .£,320;  public  lighting,  £lo(i;  income-tax  on  profits, 
£125  ;  depreciation  account,  £51  ;  balance  carried  forward  to  next 
account,  £1,275.  There  has  been  no  borrowing  during  the  year. 
The  total  capital  sanctioned  and  borrowed  amounts  to  £74,148,  of 
which  £23,359  has  been  repaid,  leaving  an  outstanding  debt  of 
£,-.0,752  at  March  31st. 

Biugley.— The  U.D.C.  has  applied  to  the  L.G.B.  for  a 
further  loan  of  £l,5O0for  electricity  purposes.  The  Council  has 
sealed  an  agreement  with  the  Keighley  T,C.  for  a  supply  of  current 
in  bulk, 

Bradford. — The  Pjlectricity  Department  of  the  Corpora- 
tion reports  that  the  past  year's  trading  shows  a  net  profit  of 
£8,477,  an  increase  of  £425  upon  that  of  the  previous  year.  The 
income  has  increased  by  £9,802,  of  which  £8,969  is  in  respect  of 
the  sale  of  electricity  ;  expenditure  on  coal  has  increased  by  £4,955 
to  £17,909  ;  the  total  cost  of  generation  was  £35,120  ;  the  cost  of 
distribution  was  £4,921  ;  and  repairs,  £7,736,  an  increase  of  £480. 
The  gross  profit  on  the  year's  working  waa  £60,743,  as  compared 
with  £04,808  a  year  ago;  £21,614  has  been  paid  for  interest  on 
loans  and  income-tax,  and  £36,652  has  been  set  aside  to  the  sink- 
ing fund  for  paying  off  the  debt.  The  total  capital  expenditure 
on  the  undertaking  has  been  £877,000,  in  respect  of  which  the 
present  debt  is  now  only  £502,382.  The  total  number  of  units  sold 
during  the  year  was  21  i  millions,  an  increase  of  2^  millions  as 
compared  with  a  year  ago  ;  the  tramways  absorbed  lOi  million 
units  of  the  total  sold. 

Colchester. — A  L.G.B.  inquiry  was  held  on  June  10th 
by  Mr.  T.  C.  Bkin,  relative  to  the  Corporation's  application  for  a 
loan  of  £7,660  for  electricity  pnrpo-es,  viz.,  services,  mains,  feeder 
pillars,  feed  pump,  condenser,  375-KW.  set,  a  booster  and  switch 
panel.    There  was  no  opposition. 

(»ar(frave. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Parish  Council, 

the  matter  of  electric  lighting  was  considered  and  a  suggested  con- 
tract with  Messrs.  Crompton  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Chelmsford  and 
Manchester,  was  read.  In  this  the  company  proposed  to  make 
arrangements  with  the  Rural  District  Council  in  regard  to  road 
breaking  ;  the  sum  of  £2,000  would  be  required  for  the  electric 
undertaking,  and  the  company  would  be  glad  if  the  money  could 
be  raised  locally  for  the  formation  of  a  company  to  be  called  the 
Gargrave  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  After  some  discussion  on  the 
subject   the    following    resolation    waa    unanimously  adopted  : — 


Vol.  72.   No.  i,H,-,<;,  juNH  I'o,  i9i:i.i         TFIK    KJ;KCTRICAL    HHVIKW. 


lO'li'. 


"  Thivl  tluH  (!oiiiu!il  ni)proveH  of  the  Bohoiiio,  ivncl  would  bo  willin(f 
to  ttoci'pt  tho  offered  tfiriiis  of  tho  promoterH  for  Btrcct  li);litinK  pur- 
po»op." 

(liravesend. —  In  order  to  furtlicr  (incouriif^c  tlio  f^reulor 
U80  of  clrctricity  the  T.C.  hnH  adopted  an  altornativo  tariff  to  the 
prem'nt  tl  it  rate,  viz.  : — A  fixed  ohar(jo  of  itn  per  annum  per  25-f;  P. 
;W-watt  lamp,  with  Biipply  for  li^'htincr,  heatinir,  or  cooking  at  Jd. 
per  unit,  or  a  contract  rate  of  12h.  per  25-0. f.  32-watt  lamp  per 
annum. 

(ilrfat  lumlcy  (Co.  Diirhaiii). —  It    was  reported  at 

the  last  nuctiiiir  of  tho  V.C,  that  the  local  Colliery  Co.  had 
sienificd  itH  Wlllin^'ne88  to  take  over  the  CouncilV  electric  li^htinK 
plant,  to  li^rht  up  the  difitrict  on  certain  conditions,  and  also  to 
supply  current  to  private  coiiauiuers. 

llebbiirn-oii-Tyne. — At    the    meetin}^    of   the    Urban 

Council  on  the  '.»th  inat,,  the  (leneral  Purposew  Committee  reported 
that  the  clerk  had  written  to  the  1{.  of  T.  recjuestincr  it  to  hold  an 
in(iuiry  into  the  circumBtances  of  the  explonion  on  March  HOth, 
anil  the  board  had  replied  that  it  was  making-  certain  investi^a- 
tiona  with  refrard  to  the  layiner  of  mains  in  the  district,  and  that 
on  the  completion  of  the  inveBtigation,  the  board  would  communi- 
cate further  with  the  Council.  The  Committee  recommended  that 
the  cleik  be  instructed  to  write  again  to  the  Board  urginir  upon 
it  the  necefsity  of  holding  an  inquiry.  It  was  further  reported 
that  a  letter  had  been  received  from  the  Northern  Counties' 
Electricity  Supply  Co.  stating  that  the  cables  to  be  laid  to  the 
C  pit  would  be  lead-covered  with  steel  armour  and  laid  direct  in  the 
ground  without  any  troughing.  in  accordance  with  the  company's 
usual  and  most  recent  practice.    The  report  was  adopted. 

llull. — The  Sculcoates  District  Council  has  sanctioned 
the  application  of  the  Corporation  for  the  supply  of  electricity  to 
the  village  of  Sutton.  The  price  is  to  be  J  id.  per  unit,  being  a  id. 
higher  than  the  price  charged  in  Hull. 

Iiivergordou      (uear    Croiiiartj). — The    T.C.    has 

appointed  a  Committee  to  inquire  into  the  advisability  of  intro- 
ducing electric  light  into  the  burgh. 

Rettlewell  (Yorkshire). — In  the  upper  reaches  of  the 

river  Wharfe,  high  among  the  Craven  Hills  of  West  Yorkshire,  last 
Saturday  was  a  day  of  festivity,  when  the  new  electric  lighting 
installation  of  the  village  of  Kettlewell  was  inaugurated.  The 
affair  is  under  the  control  of  a  little  local  company,  the  Kettlewell 
Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  which  has  i:f)2."i  capital  in  £1  shares, 
fully  paid  up,  and  of  which  the  village  postmaster  is  secretary  and 
the  village  schoolmaster  one  of  the  directors,  with  the  support  of 
other  local  gentlemen.  The  plant  consists  of  a  '"  Turgo  "  turbine 
of  10  H.P.,  and  a  dynamo  of  6  kw.  at  230  volts,  r)\5  B.P..-M.  The 
plant  i"  in  a  stone  power  house,  erected  on  a  concrete  foundation 
on  the  bai  k  of  a  stream,  the  waters  of  which  drive  the  turbine. 
The  village  is  connected  by  four  miles  of  aerial  cable.  The 
installation  is  probably  the  smallest  and  cheapest  public  one  in  the 
country.  It  was  provided  at  a  cost  of  £560.  The  lighting  in  this 
village  is  a  change  direct  from  oil  and  candle  to  electricity.  The 
local  council  is  considering  the  question  of  lighting  by  electricity 
streets  which  have  never  been  lit  by  anything  before. 

KitoTiiiisrIcy. — The  U.D.C.  on  June  12th  passed  a 
r«-bolu!i(>n  for  application  to  be  made  to  the  B.  of  T.  fT  a  prov. 
orderforelectric  lighting.  It  was  also  decided  that  Messrs. Crompton 
and  Co.  be  inforuied  that  the  Council  cannot  at  present  enter 
into  any  arrangement  with  them,  and  that  the  Electricity  Com- 
mittee should  prepare  a  scheme  for  the  consideration  of  the 
Council. 

I  f  ek. — The  U.D.C.  on  June  10th  decided  that  it  had 
no  power  to  grant  the  facilities  for  laying  cables  across  part  of  the 
town,  applied  for  by  Messrs.  Brough,  Nicholson  it  Hall,  Ltd.,  silk 
manufacturers,  in  order  to  convey  current  for  use  at  their  works, 
in  lieu  of  steam  as  at  present  used.  Particulars  of  the  firm's 
scheme  appeared  in  a  recent  issue  of  the  Electeical  Review. 

London. — Fulha.m. — Application  is  to  be  made  for 
sanction  to  borrow  £5,oCU  to  cover  the  estimated  expenditure  for 
mains  extensions  during  the  ensuing  two  years.  The  accounts  of 
the  electricity  undertaking  for  the  year  ended  March  31st  last, 
show  an  excess  income  over  expenditure  of  .4:4.665,  which  is 
arrived  at  after  debiting  the  revenue  account  with  £631  in  respect 
of  new  meters,  and  £722  for  house  connections.  If  these  items 
had  been  charged  to  capital  account  in  the  usual  way,  the  total 
surplus  would  have  been  £6,020.  The  total  available  surplus, 
including  the  amount  brought  forward  from  the  previous  year,  now 
amounts  to  £7,898,  and  of  this  amount,  £5, GOO  is  to  be  trans- 
ferred to  reserve  account. 

Hammersmith. — The  Council,  in  May,  1912,  decided  to  set  aside 
a  sum  of  £100  for  the  purchase  of  electric  fans  for  hiring  purposes 
at  the  following  rates  for  12-in.  fans: — Minimum  terms,  78.  Gd. 
each  ;  first  month  of  hire,  7s.  6d.  each  :  second  month,  5s.  each  ; 
third,  and  each  subsequent  month,  or  part  of  a  month,  33.  each. 

SOTJTHWAKK, — At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Guardians  on 
Friday,  the  medical  superintendent  of  the  infirmary  (Dr.  Bruce) 
submitted  in  his  annual  report  that  the  electric  light  should  be 
Bubatituttd  for  gas  throughout  the  building.  The  new  nurses' 
home  had  been  fitted  with  electric  light,  and  its  extensions.  Dr. 
Bruce  stated,  would  result  in  advantageous  terms  all  round.  "  The 
advantages  of  electric  light,"  Dr.  Bruce  wrote,  "  in  an  institution 
for  the  sick  are  enormous.  It  reduces  dirt  and  greatly  facilitates 
the  nursing  of  the  sick  during  the  night.  Its  installation  would  be 
an  improvement  of  the  first  magnitude."     Acting  on  this  advice 


the  OuiirdiiiMB  have  ilccidi-d  to  iick  th<!  London  Kl<';lri(:  .«iipply  Co. 
to  fiiriii«h  them  with  a  <|uotution  for  iiiitalliDK  the  eUctric  liKht, 
and  to  give  tho  price  per  unit. 

Batteiihea.  Th(!  B.C.  han  decided  not  to  takf;  any  further 
action  to  restrain  the  London  PMtctric  Supply  ('<>.,  Ltd.,  from 
laying  maiim  through  the  Borough.  The  Court  of  .\ppi^ I  ordered 
that  the  action  of  tho  Council  should  be  dihrnincpd,  w.lh  co»tH,  and 
it  was  then  agreed  that  the  hearing  of  the  ap[M-al  nhould  be  treated 
as  tho  trial  of  the  action.  The  Council  proponed  tha'  the  B.  of  T. 
be  urged  to  apjirove  an  alternative  route  for  the  in  linn.  The 
ooinpany  desiriHlo  lay  its  mains throuf^h  Nine  PMms  Laii.-,  Battentea 
Park  Hoad,  and  York  Koad. 

Wooi.wK'ii.— An  iii'iuiry  has  been  received  from  the  chief 
engineer  of  the  L.C.C.  as  to  the  probability  of  the  B.C.  1  einu  able 
to  give  a  supply  of  electricity  for  lighting  and  power  purposes  at  the 
North  Woolwich  pumping  station,  which  would  ne<^  ^aitate  the 
laying  of  mains  through  a  portion  of  the  East  Ham  arr  rx.  Subject 
to  a  definite  application  being  made  Vjy  the  County  Council,  an 
agreement  is  to  be  entered  into  with  the  East  Ham  authority  to 
allow  of  the  necessary  mains  being  laid. 

HoLiioH.N. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  B.C.,  the  Works  Committee 
reported  having  considered  the  question  of  the  desirability  of  extin- 
guishing a  proportion  of  the  public  lamps  at  or  about  midnight. 
Having  regard,  however,  to  the  difficulty  and  expense  which  would 
be  incurred  in  rearranging  the  conditions  of  the  present  lighting 
contracts  by  which  the  contractors  are  paid  a  gross  sum  per 
annum,  the  Committee  thinks  that  any  saving  in  the  cost  of  light 
would  be  outweighed,  and  it  has  therefore  decided  not  to  take  any 
further  action  on  the  suggestion. 

Mauyleuone. — Special  protest  has  been  made  against  the  claase 
of  the  Post  Office  London  Railway  Bill,  which,  if  carried,  will 
empower  the  Postmaster-General  to  supply  with  electricity  any 
Post  Office  premises  in  the  borough  from  the  generating  station 
of  the  proposed  undertaking. 

Londonderry. — At  a  L.G.B.  inquiry  held  on  tht  14th 
inst.  into  the  proposal  of  the  Corporation  to  borrow  .C13,000  for 
electric  lighting  extension,  the  town  clerk  stated  that  the  electric 
lighting  undertaking  was  proving  most  successful.  This  year  the 
Corporation  would  have  a  profit  of  £1,247.  Mr.  Macrory.  elec- 
trical engineer,  said  the  necessity  for  the  contemplated  expenditure 
arose  through  the  re-opening  of  the  shipyard,  which  was  taking  all 
its  power  from  the  Corporation.  The  Inspector  asked  whether  the 
losses  to  the  ratepayers  in  the  early  years  of  the  undertaking  had 
yet  been  made  up.  Mr.  Algoe,  city  accountant,  said  there  was  still 
a  deficit  of  £2  426  to  be  made  up.  The  town  clerk  said  the  wiping 
of  this  out  would  only  be  a  matter  of  time.  There  was  no 
opposition. 

Luton. — The  total  working  expenses  of  the  electricity 
undertaking  during  the  year  ended  March  31st  last  amounted  to 
£13,485,  as  against  £9,384  the  previous  year,  an  increase  of  £4,100. 
The  income  amounted  to  £23,039,  as  compared  with  £17,767,  an 
increase  of  £5,272.  The  revenue  account  shows  a  gross  profit  of 
£9,553,  an  increase  of  £1,171  over  last  year,  and  this  profit  equals 
10'68  per  cent,  of  the  capital  expenditure,  as  against  10'43  per 
cent,  for  1911-12.  The  net  profit  amounts  to  £3,135,  being  £590 
less  than  last  year,  and  equal  to  35  per  cent,  of  the  capital  expendi- 
ture, comparing  with  464  per  cent,  in  1911-12.  Amounts  have 
been  charged  against  profits  totalling  £1,957,  leaving  a  balance  of 
£1,177  to  be  appropriated.  The  reserve  and  renewals  fund 
amounted  to  £6,925  at  March  31st,  being  equal  to  7'74  per  cent,  of 
the  capital  expenditure  at  that  date.  The  expenditure  on  capital 
account  during  the  year  was  £8,929,  making  the  total  capital 
expenditure  at  the  end  of  the  year  .£89,260.  The  amount  repaid  or 
in  sinking  fund  is  £23,316,  leaving  a  net  debt  of  £63,297. 

Morley. — Under  the  auspices  of  the  Corporation  Elec- 
tricity Committee,  and  by  arrangement  with  Messrs,  Gillespie  and 
Beales,  a  series  of  demonstrations  and  lectures  on  electrical  cooking 
with  the  "  Tricity ''  cookers  has  been  given  in  the  King's  Hall, 
Town  Hall,  by  Mr.  F.  S.  Grogan. 

IV'ewport  (Mon.). — On  Friday  a  fire  occurred  at  the 
Corporation  electricity  works,  at  Newport  (3Ion.),  and  practically 
destroyed  one  of  the  old  turbo-generators,  doing  damage  to  the 
extent  of  about  £500. 

New  Zealand. — A  private  company  has  agreed  with  the 
Devonport  B.C.  to  erect  an  electric  lighting  and  power  station  for 
that  town,  and  to  spend  about  £20,000  upon  the  system.  The  new 
Plymouth  municipality  is  raising  £55,000  for  an  electric  tramway 
service. 

ShreAVsbury. — In  presenting  to  the  T.C.  the  report  of 
the  Lighting  Committee,  Aid.  T.  P.  Deakin  stated  that  the  total 
income  of  the  electricity  undertaking  for  the  year  was  £S,38S,  an 
increase  of  nearly  £5(iO  on  last  year.  The  capital  raised  for  the 
undertaking  was  £59,289,  and  they  had  already  paid  ctf  nearly 
£30,000  on  it.  With  their  reserve  fund  they  had  made  on  the 
undertaking  about  £32,000.    The  report  was  adopted. 

Southend-on-Sea. — On  June  11th  a  L.G.B.  inquiry 
was  held  by  Mr.  T.  C.  Ekin,  relative  to  the  application  of  the  T.C. 
for  a  loan  of  £  1 1,000  for  boilers  and  other  plant  at  the  electricity 
works.     There  was  no  opposition. 

Swindon. — The  T.C.  has  instructed  the  electrical  engi- 
neer to  prepare  plans  and  specifications  for  the  provision  of  an 
additional  cooling  tower  at  the  electricity  works.  A  loan  of 
£9,200  for  extensions  to  the  plant  has  been  applied  for. 


1024 


THE    ELECTRICAL   REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  l,8.->fi,  June  20,  1913. 


I 


Taunton. — The  T.C.  on  Jane  10th  decided  to  apply  to 

the  L.G.B.  for  a  loan  of  ^'2,000  for  extensions  to  the  electricity 
works,  for  which  a  site  has  been  obtained. 

Tyneniouth. — In  order  to  improve  the  lighting  of  the 

borouph,  the  Electricity  Committee  has  rescinded  its  resolution  to 
extinsruish  400  lamps  dnrinjr  the  four  summer  months.  The  extra 
cost  will  amount  to  about  £120  a  year. 

Truro. — The  T.C.  has  been  informed  that  there  is  now 
no  opposition  to  the  Bill  in  which  a  prov.  order  for  electric  light  is 
applied  for. 

Whitworth    (near    Rochdale).— The  B.  of  T.  has 

deferred  th"  question  of  the  revocation  of  the  Whitworth  Electric 
LiVhtinff  Order,  lyni,  until  the  end  of  the  year. 

The  U.D.C.  decided  at  its  last  meetinj;  to  apply  for  sanction  to 
borrow  £10,ii05.  the  estimated  cost  of  the  work  iu  connection  with 
the  electricity  scheme. 

AVest  Broniwich. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  T.C. 
a  report  was  presented  which  showed  that  on  the  electricity 
undertaking  there  was  a  balance  of  £337. 

West  Ham. — At  the  last  meeting  of  the  T.C.  the  elec- 
trical engineer  (Blr.  J.  W.  Beauchamp)  submitted  a  detailed  report 
upon  the  use  of  electricity  for  domestic  cookinp  and  heatintj,  with 
recommendations  for  a  domestic  tariff  suitable  to  the  needs  of  the 
borouph.  and  ba-sed  upon  the  ascertained  costs  of  supply.  There 
has  been,  the  report  states,  considerable  development  durinp  the 
past  year  in  the  production  of  electric  heating  and  cooking  appa- 
ratus for  domestic  use.  but  before  a  cooking  and  heating  load  of 
considerable  magnitude  could  be  developed  at  all,  it  would  be 
necessary  to  offer  a  suitable  tariff.  In  framing  a  domes-tic  tariff  it 
becomes  necessary  to  keep  in  mind  several  points  of  importance, 
which,  in  the  case  of  West  Ham,  are  ; — (1)  The  present  flat-rate 
charge  for  lighting  (3d.  per  unit)  is  already  quite  low  in 
comparison  with  gas  at  2s  rid.  per  I.Chhi  cb.  ft.  (2)  A  suitable  tariff 
would  put  within  the  reach  of  the  private  house  consumer  a  supply 
of  electricity  at  a  cost  which  would  compete  with  gas  or  coal  for 
heating  and  cooking  ;  and  (3)  It  is  desirable  that  the  tariff  should 
be  so  designed  that  the  consumers  are  encouraged  or  discoursiged  in 
proportion  to  the  hours  of  use  during  which  they  employ  their 
apparatus  ;  that  is  to  say.  in  proportion  to  their  desirability  or 
otherwise  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  supply  derartment.  The 
following  is  the  tariff  which  the  engineer  proposes 
to  make,  and  which  will  be  applicable  only  to  private 
houses,  and  the  family  residence  portions  of  business  premises 
where  electric  light  is  in  general  use.  In  the  latter  it  is  proposed 
that  all  electricity  supplied  for  the  business  portion  of  the  premises 
shall  be  treated  separately  and  kept  electrically  distinct  from  any 
residence  portion  in  which  this  tariff  is  adopted  : — (1)  An  annual 
charge  payable  in  advance,  on  account  of  lamps  or  apparatus  used 
directly  or  indirectly  for  the  production  of  light,  at  the  rate  of  Cln 
per  annum  per  1,000  watts  installed  (a)  with  a  minimum  annual 
payment  of  .<2  for  any  lamps  or  lighting  apparatus 
installed  up  to  20ti- watts  capacity  ;  (^l>)  beyond  the  limit 
of  2011  watts,  the  annual  charge  of  £10  per  annum 
per  1,000  watts  will  be  suViject  to  division  into  one- 
hundredths  (being  2s.  per  lu  watts  per  annum),  (c)  Where  the 
agarregate  capacity  of  lamps  or  lighting  apparatus  is  less  than  or 
equal  to  2iiO  watte  it  will  be  taken  as  2ii0  watts,  and  where  more 
than  2o<i  watts  it  will  be  taken  at  the  next  higher  value  in  tens  of 
watts.  ((/)  In  assessing  the  fixed  charge  an  allowance  up  to 
25  per  cent,  may  be  made  off  the  aggregate  capacity  of  lamps  and 
lighting  apparatus  connected  in  ord<"r  to  allow  the  installation  of 
lamps  for  occasional  use  free  of  fixed  charge.  (2)  An  annual 
charge  payable  quarterly  in  advance  on  account  of  all  other 
apparatus  used  for  heating,  cooking,  power,  and  other  uses  of 
electricity  permitted  by  the  Supply  Department,  and  in 
accordance  with  the  following  schedule  : — lOs.  per  annum  for  the 
first  1,000  watts  capacity  of  permanently  connected  or  portable 
apparatus,  with  a  minim  am  annual  payment  of  10s.  for  apparatus 
up  to  1 .000  watts  capacity  ;  lOs.  per  annum  for  the  second  l,00o 
wa'.ts  capacity  of  permanently  connected  or  portable  apparatus  ; 
6s.  tJd.  per  annum  per  1.000  watts  beyond  2,000,  and  within  such 
limits  as  may  be  allowed  by  the  supply  department  for  apparatus 
under  this  tariff.  (3)  In  addition  to  the  above  charges,  electricity 
consumed  for  all  approved  purposes  will  be  registered  by  one  meter 
(supplied  free),  and  charged  at  id.  per  unit.  Concluding,  the 
engineer  states  that  he  considers  the  tariff  proposed  will  be  suflB- 
ciently  attractive  to  bring  about  a  very  great  increase  in  the 
present  heat  business,  and  that  a  subsidiary  advantage  of  the 
cystem  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  consumer,  is  that  the  bulk 
(about  gth-)  of  the  electric  lighting  bill  is  known  accurately  in 
advance,  whilst  the  actual  ra'.e  per  unit  which  is  to  be  paid  for 
the  heating  and  cooking  is  very  much  in  the  consumers'  hands,  if 
he  is  properly  advised  with  regard  to  the  type  of  apparatus  and 
method  of  use. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Argentina. — Work  has  commenced  on  the  electrification 

of  the  Santa  Fe  tramwayp,  and  it  is  hoped  to  have  the  first  section 
ready  for  service  by  the  middle  of  next  year.  The  work  is  being 
carried  out  by  Messrs.  J.  G.  White  .t  Co.— J/eiiru:  of  the  Rirer 
Plate. 


Itirminiifhaiu. — It  is  stated  that  the  Tramways  Com- 
mittee contemplates  introducing  an  ambitious  scheme  for  linking 
up  the  various  tramway  routes  in  the  centre  of  the  city. 

Chesterfield. — The  Tramways  Sub-Committee  is  to 
report  upon  the  type  and  number  of  motor-'buses  to  be  obtained  for 
route  trials  consequent  on  the  passing  of  the  Corporation  Raillees 
Traction  Bill. 

Dumbarton. — Subject  to  the  interests  of  the  county 
being  safeguarded,  the  Eastern  District  Committee  of  Dumbarton 
County  Council  has  expressed  approval  of  the  scheme  to  extend  the 
tramways  from  Clydebank  to  Duntocher. 

Dunfermline. — The  T.C.  has  offered  to  relieve  the 
Tramways  Co.  of  the  annual  payment  of  £100  per  mile  for  upkeep, 
provided  that  the  company  extends  the  line  to  Milesmark. 

Edinliarjfh. — At  a  meeting  of  the  T.C.  last  week  the 
town  clerk  stated  that  they  had  got  a  definite  offer  from  the 
Colinton  Tramway  Co.  to  sell  their  undertaking  to  the  Corporation 
at  a  given  sum.  That  offer  was  under  the  consideration  of  the 
Tramway  Committee.  The  Council  agreed  to  meet  on  July  Ist  to 
deal  with  the  (|uestion. 

Farnboroufth  (Hants.). — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to 

offer  no  opposition  to  the  application  of  the  Aldershot  and  Farn- 
borough  Light  Railway  Co.  for  a  further  extension  of  time  until 
June  Ith,  1911,  for  the  completion  of  the  proposed  electric 
tramways. 

Little  Hulton. — It  was  announced  on  Monday  that  cars 
will  probably  be  running  by  the  end  of  September  or  the  beginning 
of  October  on  the  South  Lancashire  Tramways  Co  "s  new  lines 
through  Little  Hulton,  near  Bolton,  connectiog  up  at  Walkden  and 
Farnworth. 

Ilford.  —  The  U.D.C.  has  under  consideration  the 
question  of  purchasing  a  motor-tower  wagon. 

London. — L.C.C. — The  figures  for  the  past  year's 
working  of  the  Council's  tramway  system  are  eloquent  of  the 
effect  of  the  strenuous  competition  of  the  motor-bus.  Although 
the  cars  travelled  3i  million  more  miles  in  1912-13  than  in  the 
previous  year,  they  carried  20,787,uCii  fewer  passengers,  with  the 
result  that  the  gross  earnings  fell  by  £19."i,1.59.  After  dfdncting 
debt  and  other  charges,  the  surplus  remaining  is  only  £497,  com- 
pared with  £222,702  in  1911-12.  Appended  are  the  figures  for  the 
two  years  :  — 

1911-12.  liU2-13. 

Car-miles  run  .'")0,457,812  53,943,104 

Passengers  carried 533,440.235        512.6.52.G53 

Gross  earnings  £934,212  £739,it53 

Net  surplus £222,702  £497 

The  surplus  of  £497  is  all  that  is  available  for  the  renewals  fund, 
for  which  a  resolution  of  the  Council  provides  that  two-thirds  of 
a  penny  for  each  car-mile  run  on  the  electric  system  must  be  set 
aside  each  year.  On  this  basis  the  provision  for  1912-13  should 
amount  to  £150.309.  Nothing  is,  of  course,  available  for  the 
general  reserve  fund,  to  which  any  surplus  remaining  after  providing 
for  renewals  is  carried.  On  March  31st  the  renewals  fund  amounted 
to  £633,010,  and  the  reserve  fund  to  £273,786.  How  the  position 
as  regards  these  funds  compares  with  the  previous  year  may  be 
thus  stated  : — 

1911-12.        1912-13. 

Available  for  renewals        1:138,151  £497 

Available  for  reserve  ...         ...       £84,551  Nil 

The  year's  income  amounted  to  £2,251.729;  working  expenses 
were  £1,512,676,  leaving  a  surplus  of  £739,053.  Of  this  amount, 
debt  and  other  charges  absorbed  £738,566,  and  a  balance  of  only 
£497  remained. 

The  following  table  shows  the  position  of  affairs  during  the  past 
few  years : — 

Receipts  Receipts 

Miles  per  per  Gross 

open.         track-mile.        car-mile.  receipta. 

1906  7 40-66  £19.929  ll'gsd.  £81o.32n 

1907-8 61-91  2ii;>23  ir74d.  l,2.->2,U(il 

1908-9 77  94  19,752  ir56d.  1,539,434 

1909-111 99-61  18,.-.46  1121d.  1,817,327 

191(1-11 116-98  17,925  lid.  2,096,914 

1911-12 127-55  17,498  lir98d.  2,231,902 

1912-13 13249  16,179  9-7.3d.  2,143,559 

The  Highways  Committee,  discussing  the  question  of  successfully 
meeting  this  competition,  considers  that  the  linking  up  of  the 
London  termini  and  a  rearrangement  of  services  and  fares  wonld 
meet  the  position.  Reference  is  also  made  to  the  burden  of  road 
widening  at  the  expense  of  the  tramways,  which  facilitates 
'bus  competition  ;  also  to  the  all-night  services  and  workmen's 
fares,  the  burden  of  which  falls  only  on  the  tramways. 

Oldbury. — The  Light  Railway  Commissioners  have 
granted  an  order  for  the  extension  of  the  electric  tramways  from 
Birmingham  to  Warley,  in  the  area  of  the  Oldbury  U.D.C. 

Searborough. — The  South  Cliff  Tramways  improve- 
mente  are  now  nearly  completed.  The  old  steam  power  plant  haa 
been  superseded  by  an  electric  pump,  and  a  new  type  of  car  is  to  be 
used  which  will  enable  the  ofiBcials  to  deal  more  effectively  with 
heavy  trafiSc. 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,8.-,r.,  June  20,  1913.1 


THh:    KLKCTRTCATi    Rl'.VIEW. 


1020 


TyncilKMitll, — Tlic  Tyncmonth  and  DiHtrict  Klectric 
Traction  (!o.  recently  propomid  oxtRndini;  the  truinway  Hyhtom  to 
PreRton,  l)ut  has  now  been  informed  by  the  I'ftrliamcntary  Com- 
mittcfl  of  the  local  Corporation  that  it  cannot  entertain  the 
propoHftl. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Arjjfntina. — Sliarcs  are  bein<i;  placed  in  Rosario  for  tlie 
construction  of  a  network  of  telephone  lineB  which  will  join  up 
Galvez,  Hafaela,  Eaperanza,  Serodino.  Irijroyen,  Maoiol,  Caboto  and 
San  Carlos  with  Rogario. — Jlrriew  of  tlio  Riifr  J'luh: 

Canada. — The  Navy  Department  intends  to  erect  a  wire- 
less station  in  Toronto,  a  link  in  a  chain  of  wireless  stations, 
desiprned  to  communicate  with  shippinfr  on  the  Great  Lakes. 

Dutch  East  Indies. — Rapid  progress  is  being  made  in 
the  Dutch  East  Indies  with  the  erection  of  wireless  stations.  The 
most  powerful  station  is  at  Sabang,  an  inland  and  coalinpr  station 
north  of  Sumatra,  with  a  minimum  rangfe  of  1,000  miles,  which 
brings  it  within  reach  of  Colombo  on  one  side,  and  Batavia  on  the 
other.  Other  wireless  stations  have  been  installed,  and  are  now 
working  at  Batavia,  Sitoebondo  (East  .lava),  Koepang  (the  capital 
of  Dutch  Timor),  and  Amboina  (Moluccas),  and  a  sixth  is  to  be 
erected  at  Menado  (Celebes).  Koepang  lies  within  .500  miles  of 
Darwin,  and  could,  therefore,  communicate  with  the  proposed 
station  at  this  port,  which  would  then  give  Australia  direct  wireless 
communication  with  the  Dutch  Ewt  Indies. 

France. — A   new  telephone  cable  is  to  be  laid  between 

Marseilles  and  Algiers. — African  Engineering. 

South  Africa.—  A  submarine  bell  worked  by  electricity 
has  been  fixed  near  the  Green  Point  Lighthouse,  Cape  Colony. 

Telephone  Service. — The  Council  of  the  London 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  at  a  meeting  last  week,  decided  to  make 
representations  to  the  Postmaster-General  on  the  questions  of  the 
terms  of  telephone  contracts  ;  the  system  of  registering  calls  ;  the 
provision  of  additional  junction  lines  ;  the  desirability  of  modern- 
ising the  London  telephone  exchanges  ;  improvements  in  the  trunk 
line  service  ;  the  need  for  greater  efficiency  and  supervision  of 
telephone  operators;  and  the  inconvenience  of  the  "pillar" 
instrument. — Dtiily  Ti'legraph. 

Wireless  Telephony. — Last  week  experiments  were 
carried  on  between  Northampton  and  Letchworth,  a  distance  of 
42  miles,  with  the  Grindell- Matthews  system  of  wireless  telephony, 
by  representatives  of  the  Daily  £.cj)res)i,  who  reported  that  they 
were  very  successful. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Australia. — Victoria. —  July  Ist.  Telephone  instru- 
ments and  submarine  cable,  for  the  P.M.G.  See  '"OflBcial  Notices" 
May  23rd. 

July  8th.  —  Common  -  battery  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.'s 
Department.    See  "  OflBcial  Notices  "  June  6th. 

July  8th. — Rubber-covered  wire,  batteries,  telephone  switch- 
boards, measuring  instruments  and  telephone  instruments,  for  the 
P.M.G.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  May  30th. 

July  29th.  —  Detectors,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See 
"  Ofi&cial  Notices"  to-day. 

August  4th.  («)  Twin  surface  condensers,  hotwells,  piping  and 
sundries ;  (.1/)  air  and  water  extraction  pumps  and  motors  ;  (c) 
circulating  water  and  sump  pumps,  with  motors,  for  the 
Melbourne  Suburban  Railways  power  house.  See  "  Official  Notices  " 
June  13th. 

September  16th. — Switchboard,  c.b.  or  automatic  or  semi- 
automatic, at  CoUingwood.    See  "  OfBoial  Notices  "  to-day. 

Queensland. — August  27th.  Five  sections  of  common-battery 
multiple  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official 
Notices"  to-day. 

September  10th. — Nine  sections  of  trunk  line  switchboard,  for 
the  P.M.G.    See  "Official  Notices"  to-dsy. 

Western  Australia. — July  30th  and  August  6th.  Telegraph 
and  telephone  material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 

July  23rd.  —  Telegraph  and  telephone  instruments,  for  the 
Pjyi.G.    See  ■'  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  23rd. — Telephone  switchboards  and  parts,  for  the  P.M.G. 
See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

July  30th.— Cable,  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.  See  "  Official 
Notices  "  to-da^. 


HouTH  AuHTBAMA.— July  l«th.  Telegraph  iind  t<>lpphoi>« 
material,  for  the  P.M.G.'h  Department.  K*"Ofn  ial  Noti'M,-* " 
to-il'iy. 

Nkw  South  Walks.— July  flth.  Hnritohboardu,  t<tT  the  P.M.G. 
See  "  Official  Noticen"  MBy  30th. 

Austria-Hungary. — Ckacow. — .July  .Mli.    The  >f(igi»- 

trate  of  Krakau  calU  for  teiiderM  for  the  Rupply  of  two  iit«mm 
turbinoH,  two  lioilers,  piping,  feed  pumps,  a  turbo-genorat^ir,  • 
flwitchboard,  ironwork,  \';.  I'urticularx  and  plann  (\0  kronen) 
from  the  Bureau  des  Slii'ltiwhen  KlektricitiitswerkeH,  Krakau. 

Hel<i'iani. — S<;ptemV)er  iith.  The  municipal  authf»ritieH 
of  Antwerp  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  supply  and  erection  of  '.',<> 
electrically-operated  cranes  for  the  extension  of  the  BaHnin  Canal. 

.luly  2nd. — The  Belgian  Telegraph  authoritiew  invite  tendem  for 
I, '<!.').">  metres  of  armoured,  lead-covered,  pajKir-insulated  cabU  with 
accesuories,  as  per  Cahier  des  charges  spi'iiial  No.  ir,2.  It  is  a^Ivisiable 
to  send  in  tenders  by  .June  2.Hth.  Deposit  1,300  fr.  Apply  AdmlnlH- 
tration  des  T('l<'?raphes,  Salle  de  la  Madeleine,  Brussels. 

July  2nd. — Telephone  cable  and  accessories  for  the  city  of 
Antwerp.  Deposit  10,000  fr.  Price  of  plans  21-30  fr.  Cahier  des 
charges  special  No.  146.  It  is  recommended  to  forward  tenders  on 
June  28th.     Salle  de  la  Madeleine,  Brussels. 

Carlisle. — June  2.'ird.  («)  Ivxtensions  to  coal  storage 
and  conveying  plant ;  (*)  extensions  to  steam  and  water  piping,  for 
the  City  Electricity  Department.  Mr.  F.  W.  Parse,  City  Electri.-al 
Engineer,  Victoria  Viaduct. 

Eccles. — June  2.Sth.  Electric  lighting  of  Green  Lnne 
Council  School,  Patricroft.  Mr.  S.  H.  Neave,  Secretary  to  the 
Education  Committee. 

Elland. — July  2nd.  .Street  lighting  lanterns,  for  the 
U.D.C.    See  "Official  Notices"  June  13th. 

France. —  .June  ;iOth.  The  French  State  Railway 
authorities  in  Paris  (Bureaux  du  Service  Electrique,  4:!,  Rue  de 
Rome)  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  supp'y  of  IS  electrically- 
operated  capstans  for  the  St.  Lazire  Station. 

July  5th. — Telegraph  office  instruments.  Particulars,  and  leave 
to  compete,  from  the  Ministire  du  Commerce,  de  I'lndustrie,  des 
Pdstes  et  des  Telcgraphes,  103,  Rue  de  Grenoble,  Paris,  before 
June  2(;th. 

Leeds. — June  23rd.  Electric  light  installation  in  Church 
and  School,  for  the  Trustees  of  Clowes  Primitive  Methodist  Church, 
Meanwood  Road.  Mr.  F.  S.  Morland,  Secretary,  18,  Cambridge 
Road,  Leeds. 

LeytOD. — June  24th.  Electric  lighting  and  hot-water 
heating  for  the  new  Church  Road  Schools,  for  the  U.D.C.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  June  13th. 

Limerick.^ — July  3rd.     Switchboard  and  gallery,  battery, 

motor-driven  booster,  balancer,  &c.,  for  the  County  Borough 
Council.    See  "Official  Notices"  June  I3th. 

London. —  L.C.C.-»- June  24th.  One  50-ton  overhead 
travelling  crane  for  Greenwich  generating  station.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  June  6th. 

June  25th. — Electrical  installation  at  Randall  Place  Elementary 
School,  Greenwich,  S.E.    See  " Official  Notices"  June  6th. 

July  2nd. — Electrical  installation  at  the  C'aldecot  Road  Elementary 
School,  Denmark  Hill,  Camberwell  (192  lighting  points).  See 
"  Official  Notices"  June  13th. 

Stepney. — July  3rd.  The  Electricity  Committee  invites  tenders 
for  two  E.H.T.  converting  plants  suitable  for  (),000-volt  three-phase 
A.c.  to  L.T.,  D.c,  for  Limehouse  and  Whitechapel  stations.  See 
"Official  Notices  '  June  I3th. 

June  30th.  Arc  lamp  carbons,  for  a  year,  for  the  Borough 
Council.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  June  13th. 

Royal  Mint.— June  26th.  1 00  tons  of  copper  in  ingots.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Hackney.— July  24th.  Extra-H  T.  ring  main  conduits,  sub- 
station plant,  switchgear  and  cranes,  for  the  B.C.  electricity 
department.    See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

H.M.  Office  or  Works. — Incandescent  electric  lamps  for  one 
year.    See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Newcastle-under-Lynie.  —  June    2ist.      Supply   and 

laying  of  cables,  for  the  Corporation.  See  "Official  Notices" 
June  6th. 

Newport  (Mon.). — July  1st.  Refuse  destructor  for  the 
T.C.     Borough  Engineer,  Town  Hall. 

Norway. — June  26  th.  The  electrical  department  of  the 
Municipal  Council  of  Christiania  is  inviting  tenders  for  the  supply 
of  a  25-toa  travelling  crane. 

June  28th.— Norwegian  State  Telegraph  Department.  400,000 
metres  of  double  wire. — Board  of  Trade  Journal. 

Oldham. — One  2,000-kw.  steam  turbine,  coupled  to 
extra-H.P.  A.c.  generator,  also  barometric  condenser,  pumps,  &o., 
for  the  Corporation.    See  "  Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Ramsey  (Hunts.). — June  30th.     Street  lighting,  for  the 

U.D.C.     Mr.  R.  F.  Serjeant,  Clerk. 

Rotherham. — July  8th.  Tramway  stores,  coal,  cable 
and  meters,  for  the  Corporation     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 


1026 


THE     ELECTRICAL     RE^TEW.  [Vol.  72.    No.  1,8:.6,  June  20,  191S. 


Salford.— June  23rd.  4,000  steel  tie-bare,  for  the  Tram- 
ways Committee.     General  Manager,  32,  Blackfriars  Street. 

Sonth  Africa. — Cape  Towx. — July  4th.  High-tension 
.iwitchgear.  feetier  pillars  and  three-phase  traneforiners,  for  the 
Corporation.  Partionlars  from  the  City  Electrical  Engineer  on 
payment  of  deprsit  of  £1  Is.  per  section  (three  sections). 

Spain. — August  Ist.  The  Harl)our  Works  authorities 
at  Barcelona  n:c  invitice  tenders  for  the  conversion  to  electric 
operation  of  Iw  hydraulic  cranes. 

The  raunicij  al  authorities  of  Sax  (Province  of  Alicante)  have 
just  invited  tiiijers  for  the  concession  for  the  electric  lighting  of 
the  town  durii  jr  a  period  of  10  years. 

Swindon  — Tune  23rd.  Cooling  tower,  water  softening 
plant  and  flitrijed  cast-iron  piping,  for  the  Electricity  Department. 
See  "Official  N  tices""  June  6th. 

AVakffield. — .Tune  21st.  Calder  Vale  electricity  works. 
Tenders  for  l.t'OO  tons  of  good  round  slack,  or  alternatively 
"  through  "  coal      Town  Clerk,  Town  Hall,  Wakefield. 

West  Stanley  (Co.  Durham). — Electrical  work  for  new 
Royal  Hippodrome  Theatre  of  Varieties.  Mr.  Frank  Sinclair, 
lessee  and  manager.  The  Rink,  West  Stsmley. 


CLOSED. 

ltradfi)rd. — The  tender  of  !Mes^rs.  J.  Dyson  &  Co.  has 
been  accep'ed  by  the  (iuardians  for  the  supply  of  an  E.P.S. 
battery,  for  £140,  less  £1.t  for  old  material. 

Colchester. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  following  tenders 

for  coal  for  the  electricity  works  :  — 

Wm.  rory  &  Co..  Ltd.— About  3,500  tonB  of  Shirebrook,  15s.  lid.  per  ton. 
A.  J.  lia>H£id.— .\bout  1.500  tons  tf  Digby  Gildiog,  15s.  4d.  per  ton. 

Chile. — It  was  recently  mentioned  that  the  Siemens- 
Schuckert  Works  had  secured  a  large  contract  for  the  tquipment  i  f 
a  central  station  and  sub-station  in  Chile,  of  the  value  ot  £(500.000. 
The  contract,  which  has  been  obtained  in  competiticn  with  the 
large  ekutrical  firms  in  the  United  States,  has  now  been  signed, 
the  order  liaving  been  placed  by  the  Chile  Explorat  on  Co.,  which 
has  been  formed  by  the  Guggenheim  syndicate  lor  the  working  of 
copper  ore  in  the  north  of  Chile,  and  in  anticipation  of  the  great 
developmc  :it  of  trade  which  is  expected  to  occur  on  the  west  coast 
of  South  America  after  the  opening  of  the  Panama  Canal.  It  is 
understood  that  the  order  comprises  boilers,  machinery,  trans- 
formers and  switchboards,  and  four  turbo- generators  of  10,000  kw. 
will  first  be  installed  at  the  coastal  generating  station.  The  trans- 
mission to  the  sub-station  at  the  mines,  which  are  situated  about 
124  miles  distant,  is  to  be  effected  at  110,000  volts,  and  the  sub- 
station will  be  equipped  with  seven  rotary  converters  of  2,.500  kw. 
at  the  beginning  of  working. 

France.— The  French  Post  and  Telegraph  authorities  in 
Paris  last  week  gave  out  orders  as  follows  :  — 

La  Socif  t<^  des  Trf  tileries  du  Havre— liO  tons  of  bronze  wire  11/10  mm.  dia. ; 

lO  tons  ditto  15/10  mm.  dia.  and  700  tbDS  of  high  conductivliy  copper 

"ire.  2^  mm.  dia. 
M.  (irammont.  of  Pont-deCheruv.— 50  tons  of  brorze  wire,  11/10  mm.  dia. 

and  iiOO  tons  of  higli  conduciivity  c  ipper  wire.  2$  mm.  dia. 
La  (onipaKoie  II   nerale  d'Electricilr.  Paris. — 60  tons  of  bronze  wire,  16/10 

mm.  dia.  and  5(0  tons  of  high  conductivity  copper,  21  mm.  dia. 
La  (Jompagni"!  Krancaise  du  bimetal,  Paris!— 30  tons  o'f  high  conductivity 

copper  wire,  2  mm.  dia.  and  1(J0  tons  ditto,  4  mm.  dia. 
La  Sociiti-  d'Electrometallursfia  de  Dives —200  tons  ditto,  8  mm.  dia. 
La  Compaenie  Francaise  des  Metaux.  Paris.— SOU  f  ns  ditto. 
La  Socittc  de  Pontgibaud  — 100  tons  ditto,  4  mm.  dis. 

Government  Contracts. — The  following  tenders  have 

been  accepted  during  the  past  month  by  the  Government  depart- 
ments named  : — 

Admibaltt— Contract  Depabtmekt. 
Bteel  masts  for  wireless  telegraphy.-  Sitmens  Bros  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

India  Oiuce. 
Cells.— J.  Stone  &  Co. 

Telephone  excha  ige. — Automatic  Telephone  Manufacturing  Co. 
Copper  wire.— Uallender'a  Cable,  Ac,  Co. 

Cbown  Aokstr  fob  thk  Coloa-ies. 

Underground  telegraph  cable.— W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works  Co. 

Aimoured  telegraph  cable.— Siemens  Bros.  ,t  Co.,  LtS. 

Porcelain  insulators. — Bullers,  Ltd. 

Steel  telegraph  poles.— Bullers,  Ltd. 

Post  Oftick. 

Telephonic  apparatus. — Antomatic  Teleiihone  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd. ; 
D.  H.  Bonnella  4  Son.  Ltd.;  B.l.  and  Hclsby  Cables,  Ltd.;  British 
L.  M.  Ericsson  M^iniifacturing  Co.,  Ltd  ;  Karabon  Co.,  Ltd.:  London 
Electri"  s\  ire  Co.  and  Pmiths,  Ltd.:  Peel-Conner  Telephone  Works, 
Ltd.;  hi(  ijiens  Bros.  .V  Co..  Ltd. ;  Sterling  Telephone  and  Electric  Co., 
Ltd. ;  W.  st.!ii  Electrii:  Co  ,  Ltd. 

Telegraibic  njipaatus.- Gell  Teieg.  Appliances  Syndicate,  Ltd. 

Woad  arms. — H.  Lander  Jt  Co. 

Silence  cabinets  —Siemens  Br.  s.  A  Co.,  Ltd. 

Telephonic  calilc  -B.I.  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd.;  Callender's  Cable  and 
C  inslriietmn  Co.,  Ltd.;  Western  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 

Telet'raph  c«l>lr.— CKlUndfr's  Cable  and  Coistruclion  Co.,  Ltd. 

No.  2  delector*.— 'ienerai  Electric  C  j.,  Ltd. 

Solder. -B  I.  and  llel.bv  Cables,  Ltd. 

Bronze  wire.  — Ho  ton  iV  Sons,  Ltd.;  Shropshire  Iron  Co.,  Ltd.;  F.Smith 
and  Co.,  Ltd. 

O.I.  strand  wire  — Rjlands  Bros.,  Ltd, 

Annealed  cipper  wire.— T.  Bolton  &  Sons,  Ltd. 

yiameproot  wire.-t.  Macinloslj  ((  Co,,  Ltd,;  l^ondoo  Electric  Wire  Qo, 
aud  Smiths,  (^td. 


Leclancb^  rod  zincs.— Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Steel    mast.    Malin    Bead,    co.    Donegal.  — Marconi   Wireless   Telegraph 

Co.,  Ltd. 
TeUphone   exchange    equipment,   Tunbridge   Wells.— Western    Electric 

Co.,  Ltd. 

Great  1  arniontb. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of 
Messrs.  E.  Fester  A:  Co..  Ltd.,  for  slack  coal  for  the  electricity 
works,  at  Hs.  .")d.  per  ton. 

London. —  Jj.C.C. — The    Highways  (,'ommittee   received 

the  following  tenders  from  scl"icted  firms  for  two  hydraulic 
accumulators  and  a  pump  for  the  third  section  of  the  central  car 
repair  depot  :  — 

Leeds  Engineering  and  Hydraulic  Co..  Ltd.,  (accepted),  £206. 
W.  H.  BKiley  &  Co..  Ltd 
(ilenlleld  &  Kennedy,  Ltd. 

L.  AND  S.-\V.  Railway.— With  further  reference  to  this  matter, 
the  Jitidiniy  G<t:rtli'  states  that  the  London  and  Soufh-Western 
Railway  has  let  the  contract  for  motors  and  train  equipment  for 
the  first  portion  of  its  electrification  scheme  to  the  British  Westing- 
house  Kltctric  and  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.  The  conductor  rails 
it  is  purchasing  from  Messrs.  Bolckow,  Vaughan  &  Co.,  Middles- 
brough, and  these  will  be  laid  down  under  the  supervision  of  Mr. 
J.  W.  Jacomb  Hood,  M.Inst  C.E.,  and  his  department.  The  high- 
tension  cables  are  being  obtained  from  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  A:  Co., 
Ltd.,  Woolwich.  The  contract  for  the  power  house  has  not  yet  been 
let,  but  it  is  understood  that  10,000  kw.  and  5,000  kw  units  will  be 
installed,  generating  at  a  pressure  of  ll,0o0  volts.  The  substation 
equipments  have  been  placed  with  the  British  Thomson- Houston 
Co.,  Ltd.  The  first  section  to  be  completed  will  be  the  two  lines  to 
Hampton  Court.  The  electrical  work  is  being  carried  out  by  the 
company's  electrical  engineer,  Mr.  Herbert  Jones,  the  whole  of  the 
work  being  under  the  supervision  of  Messrs.  Kennedy  X  Jeiikin. 

Maryi.ehone.— The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  .7. 
Simpson  &  Son,  at  £234,  for  carrying  out  certain  alteration!  at 
the  Aybrook  Street  sub-station  in  order  to  house  the  new  rotary 
converters.  The  tenders  of  Messrs.  Pirelli  and  Messrs  Siemens 
have  also  been  accepted  for  a  supply  of  rubber  tubing  and  rubber 
gloves  respectively. 

The  Metropolitan  Asylums  Board  has  received  the  following 
tenders  for  installing  internal  telephones  at  the  Western 
Hospital : — 

S.  W.  Vaughan  &  Co..  Ltd (accepted)  £284 

Toy  \  Wins. uw         318 

Eiec  r  cat  Installat  ons.  Ltd 3a6 

Electrical  <  cnti acts  and  Maintenance  Co.,  Ltd 320 

Private  Tel  phi  ne  Co.,  Ltd StO 

C.  H.Cathcart&Co 887 

J.  W.  Gray  (S  Son 45U 

British  Hi.nie  and  Office  Telephone  Co 183 

Thomas  Williams  &  Co .489 

SHOUEDITCH. — The  B.C.  Lierhting  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  Harrison,  Tidswell  &  Co.  for  a  nine  months' 
supply  of  Manners  Kilburu  D/S  nuts,  at  17s.  6d.  per  ton,  and  Whit- 
wick  D/S  nuts,  at  178.  od.  per  ton. 

Bebjiondsey. — The  B.C.  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  G.  Hinchliffe  &  Co.  for  an  annual  supply  ot 
Stockingford  nutty  slack,  at  138.  lid.  per  ton;  also  the  tender  of 
A.  Usher  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  supply  of  Exhall  D/S  nuts,  at  17s. 
per  ton. 

Fn.HA.M  • — The  following  tenders  have  been  accepted  by  the  B  C. 
for  suppl  es  of  coal  to  the  electricity  department : — 

Oilman  &  Co —3,000  tons  of  Mapper  ey,  l.'Js.  4d.  per  ton. 

Cory  Bros.— 2.C00  ions  of  Geddlings.  13s.  Id.  per  ton. 

Harrison  &  Tidswell.— 1,000  tons  of  Bedworth,  Vis.  lid.  per  ton. 

Haji.mehs.mith— Mr.  E.  C.  Berridge  is  to  supply,  at  £10,i,  a 
Mi-in.  twin  strainer  for  fitting  to  the  condem-er  of  set  >"o.  12  at 
the  generating  station,  that  already  fitted  to  another  set  having 
proved  of  very  great  advantage  in  enabling  the  rubbish  contained 
in  the  river  water  to  be  cleared  away  without  shutting  down. 

Sontlianipton. — The  Post  Office  has  submitted  an 
estimate  of  the  cost  of  installing  the  "Gamewell"  fire  alarm 
system  between  Cobden  Bridge,  Bitterne  Park  ;  the  junction  of 
St.  Denys  Road  with  Kent  Road  and  the  Brigade  headquarters  in 
St.  Mary's  Riad.  For  wiring  only,  £22  10s.  per  aniitim  is  quoted, 
with  £36  10s.  per  annum  for  apparatus  only  ;  and  £2  2s.  lid.  per 
annum  for  providing  two  pedestals  for  carrying  the  apparatus  at 
the  first  two  points.  The  terms  are  stated  to  be  inclusive  and 
cover  all  charges  for  provision  and  maintenance  under  agreement 
for  10  years.  Twelve  fire  helmets  are  to  be  fitted  with  electric 
lamps,  at  lis.  per  helmet,  and  a  quotation  is  to  be  obtained  from 
the  patentee  for  the  equipment  of  the  whole  of  the  helmets  of  the 
Brigade. 

Soatliport. — The  T.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  >ressr8. 
Babcock  i:  Wilcox,  Ltd.,  for  steel  pipes  and  valves  for  the  boilers  at 
the  electricity  works,  at  £1,032. 

Snindon, — The   T.C.  has  accepted   the  tender  of  the 

Bru  h  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  a  500-KW.  turbo- 
generator with  surface  condensing  plant,  at  £.5,.")67. 

>Voolwich. — The  tender  of  Messrs.  Switchj;^car  and 
Cowans,  Ltd.,  has  been  accepted  by  the  B.C.,  at  £100,  for  two  com- 
plete panels,  with  all  the  necessary  controller  gear  mounted 
thereon,  required  in  centralising  the  switchboard  in  connection 
with  the  Woolwich  works  extensions. 

AVorhsop. — The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  the 

Wigan  Coal  and  Iron  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  nutty  slack  coal  for  the 
electricity  works ;  and  that  of  the  tender  of  the  British  Ineulat^  Mid 
Helsbj-  Cables,  Ltd.,  for  material*  for  overhead  wiring,  i^Q 


Vol.  72.    No.  1,8:.B,  JnNR  L'O,  19i;j.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


1027 


FORTHCOMINQ    EVENTS. 

Municipal  Eloctricnl  AsKoclnlion.    EluJitccnth  Anniml  Oonvontlon. 

Friday,  .liinii 'JOih.     At  Id  h.iii.     Al  tlm  I.K  K.    Aiiniml  Rpiirrnl  mnotlni;. 
fiatiinlay,   .Junr   DlHt. -At  U.HO  n.iii.      Leave    for    vinll    to    Cliingford 
roHcrvoir. 

Association  of  Electrical  Station  Eni!lncors(Ncwcastle-on-Tyne Section)- 
Mnnd  'y,  June  'ilin).     At  7  MO  p  m.     At  the  DrawuiK  Ilooni  CnU,  Northuni- 
borlaiul  Htrcnt.     (Innoral  meting,  to  form  a  bninili. 

(London  Section). -TiuMday,  Jimo  aitli.  At  H  ii.m.  At  Cliandnn  Hall, 
Maldi-n  Iniiin,  Strnnd,  W  C.  lloneral  m«'OMnK.  I'apnr  on"Th«  flIfitiiH  of 
Klxctrioal  Ulatioa  KiiRincorH,  and  the  Need  of  an  AuBOciation,"  by  Mr.  J.  \V. 
ThoniaH. 

Institution  of  Municipal  Enfilnecrs.- Wrdnniiday,  .lunn  26th.  At  lO.IlOa.m. 
to  1  p.m.  At  tlio  hisdtiilii  II  oniccs,  I);),  Viotori*  Street,  H.W.  An  Informal 
moetinK  io  faoilittUi'  int'Tfoinsti  between  memberH  <  aminj;  to  London  for 
llic  Intoniiitional  Roiui  Cniit;ress.  At  7.  ITi  p.m.  In  tlie  Council  Chomber, 
4,  Koiiilisiiipt  n  How,  W.O.  Payer  on  "  'I'lio  KelationH  of  the  Kngineor  and 
tile  Miinieipal  KnRinecr,"  by  Mr.  If.  <;.  H.  Hhcnton  (ineinbor). 

Notional  Physical  Laborotory.— Tluirnday,  June  iiOtb.  At  3  p.m.  Opcninc 
of  tlio  now  liiiil.liiiKS  liy  Mr.  A.  .1.  Balfour. 

Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers.— Thursday,  June  il6th.  At!)  p.m.  At 
the  Natural  History  Museum,  a. W.     Annual  Conversaiiiono, 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  OCBoer— Likot.-Ool.  H.  M.  Lkap, 
The  followiner  orders  have  been  issued  for  the  current  week  : — 

Monday,  June  23rd. — "  A  "  Company.    Infantry  drill,  7  to  9  p  m. ;  technical 
in-truoiii  n  for  all  members  on  the  .5ih  rate,  and  for  all  candidates  for 
higher  rating,  7  to  9  p  m.  ;  musketry  instruction,  9  to  10  p  m, 
Tuesday,  Juno  21th.—"  B  "  Company.     Ditto. 
Thnrsdav,  June  26th.—"  C  "  Company.    Ditto. 
Friday.  June  27th.— "D"  Company     Ditto. 

Saturday,  June  asth. — All  Compunies  The  whole  corps  will  parade  at 
Head(|uarters  at  5  p.m.  Ceremonial  parade  on  Wimbledon  Common. 
Dress:  Drill  order,  service  dress,  black  brot"  and  putt  es  will  be  worn. 
The  Officers'  Drill  Cup  Compptition  wi  1  be  deoirled  on  the  turn-out  for 
this  and  the  Koyal  Review  Parades.  Members  are  ri quested  to  turn 
up  at  Headquarters  as  earlyas  pi  sj-ible,  on  account  of  the  ^'reat  number 
of  arms  to  be  issued.  Regimental  butiness  will  be  transacted  from 
10  a.m.  to  12  noon. 

(Signed)        P.  H.  Campbell,  Capt.  R.E.,  Adjutant. 

For  Uffloer  oommaDdmg  L.B.E, 


NOTES. 
Wanted  —  Two    Hundred    and    Fifty   Pounds. — 

Three-fourths  of  the  .-CI, 000  which  it  is  hoped  to  britig  to  the 
Electrical  Trades  Benevolent  Fund,  consequent  upon  the  movement 
set  on  foot  at  the  annual  dinner,  is  now  promised,  and  the  list  of 
donors  griven  below  includes  an  amount  gfeneroualy  olfered  by 
Messrs.  A.  P.  Lundberg;  &  Sons,  on  condition  that  other  offers 
afrerregratinsr  i;250  are  forthcomingr  before  the  closings  date. 

It  seems  to  us  that,  with  both  Mr.  Byng-'s  and  Messrs.  Lundberg's 
otters  as  an  inducement,  there  should  be  little  difficulty  in 
obtaining-  this  further  £250.  We  are  sure  that  good  resolu- 
tions have  been  formed,  or  half-formed,  by  a  number  of  our 
well-to-do  readers  during-  the  past  few  weeks  as  they  have 
read  our  appeals ;  but  they  have  been  too  busy,  or  it  has 
been  too  hot.  or  they  have  been  to  Crhent  or  to  Paris,  or 
to  Blackpool  or  the  I.M.E.A  ,  and  their  good  intentions  have 
been  unwittingly  smothered  up  by  a  hundred  pressing  matters. 
We  trust  that,  as  to-day  they  open  out  their  Electrical  Review, 
and,  suddenly  remembering  the  Fund,  turn  over  to  this  note  to 
see  what  progress  is  being  made,  they  will  take  out  that  cheque- 
book and  draw  a  crossed  cheque  for  £100  or  £50,  payable  to  "  The 
Electrical  Trades  Benevolent  Institution,"  and  dispatch  it — before 
interviewing  even  that  man  who  is  waiting  to  eee  them — to  Mr. 
F.  B.  0.  Hawes,  the  secretary  (18,  Park  Mansions,  Vauxhall  Park, 
South  Lambeth  Road,  S.W.),  or  to  us. 

The  terms  of  Messrs.  Lundberg's  offer  are  as  under  : — 

"  We  are  surprised  to  notice  the  very  poor  response  to  the  appeal 
to  subscribe  the  £1,000  for  the  Electrical  Trades  Benevolent 
Institution,  of  which  £700  has  already  been  promised,  for  we  quite 
thought  the  few  hundreds  necessary  would  have  been  immediately 
forthcoming. 

"  Possibly  were  it  made  more  widely  known  that  donations  of 
£50  would  be  thankfully  accepted  to  make  up  the  required  amount, 
the  difficulty  might  be  overcome. 

"  In  order  to  start  the  ball  rolling,  we  will  follow  on  Mr.  Byng's 
offer  to  the  effect  that  we  will  give  £50,  providing  the  remaining 
£250  is  made  up  in  amounts  of  not  less  than  £50  before  the  time 
stated  at  the  Dinner. 

"  As  only  a  few  weeks  now  remain,  may  we  ask  you  to  make  a 
special  appeal  on  these  lines. 

"  A.  P.  L0NDBEKG  &  Sons. 

"  Liverpool  Road,  N." 

The  following  is  the  list  down  to  date  :— 


1 

Mr.  E.  G.  Byng            

...     £100 

2 

Mr.  G.  Sutton 

...      £100 

3 

Mr  H.  Hirst 

...      £100 

4 

Mr.  E.  Garcke 

...     £100    ! 

5 

Sir  W.  H.  Preece.  K.C.B.,  F.R.S 

...      £100     1 

6 

Mr.  Justus  Eck           

...      £100 

7 

Mr.  Dane  Sinclair      

...      £100 

8 
9 
10 

Messrs.  A.  P.  Lundberg  &  Sons        

£.-,0 

* 

Imperial      Motor     TranKport      ConfereDce.      The 

folbiwiig  are  the  «ul.j.x;tii  to  be  dlMOUHned  at  the  forthcomlnir 
confiironce  : 

Monday,  .July  2 Int.— The  fuel  qneBtion  and  the  fioinnbilltie*  of 
creating  an  adequate  fuel  Hupply  fur  intcrnalcombuMtion  cnirinea 
within  the  Empire.  Particular  streHH  will  b<!  laid  on  qu'otion* 
relating  to  the  production  and  uho  of  Blc<jhol  a«  a  fuel.  I'apen 
will  l)c  cubmittcd  by  Sir  Itovertou  liedwnnd.  Prof.  Vivian  Lewei. 
Mr.  A.  ,J.  Butteilii'ld,  and  Dr.  W.  It.  Oniiaiidy. 

On  WedncHday.  July  2:ird.  Motor  vehicles  for  military  use,  and 
tho  production  of  vehicIcH  Huitable  for  luilitsry  purpow-c,  ond  alflo 
for  ordinary  iuduBtrial  use  throughout  the  Empire.  Oflicial  Htate- 
ments  will  be  made  on  behalf  of  the  Army  f.'ouncil  by  Col.  H.  ('.  L. 
Iloldcn  and  Capt.  A.  K.  Davidson,  secretary  of  the  Mechanical 
TrnuHport  Technical  Committee.  Further  papers  will  be  Bubmitt«d 
by  Col.  R.  E.  Crompton  and  others. 

On  Friday,  .luly  L'5th.— The  discusHion  will  be  upon  the  fmbject 
of  the  carriage  of  goods  and  paHHcnprerH  by  motor  vehicle.  Pajjera 
will  be  submitted  by  Mr.  W.  Worby  lleaumont.  Col.  R.  B. 
Crompton,  C.B.,  and  others. 

The  President  of  the  Conference  iB  H.R.H.  Prince  Arthur  of 
Connaught,  K.G.,  and  the  chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  is 
the  Hon.  Arthur  Stanley,  M.P.,  chairman  of  the  Royal  Automobile 
Club.  The  Conference  opens  on  July  18th,  when  the  delegates  will 
he  entertained  at  luncheon  at  Olympia,  Kensington,  by  the 
President  and  Council  of  the  Society  of  Motor  Mamifacturers  and 
Traders,  on  the  occasion  of  the  opening  of  the  Kxhibition  of 
Industrial  Motor  Vehicles  organised  by  that  Society. 

In  the  list  of  overseas  representaHves  we  observe  the  following 
names:— Mr.  Matthew  <!.  Coates,  A.M.I. E.E.,  com-ulting  engineer, 
Melbourne  ;  Mr.  Stephens,  electrical  engineer  to  the  Public  Works 
Department,  South  Africa,  and  Mr.  II.  Twycross,  under-secretary 
for  Posts  and  Telegraphs,  South  Africa  :  Mr.  J.  Mordey  Lamb, 
town  electrical  engineer  and  tramway  manager,  East  London  ;  and 
Mr.  H.  Willsmer,  representing  the  Department  of  Railways, 
Telegraphs  and  Telephones,  Saskatchewan. 

German  Wire  Lamp  Prices. — It  was  stated  at  the 

recent  general  meeting,  held  in  Berlin,  of  the  Julius  Pintsch  Co., 
thafthe  prices  of  incandescent  lamps  had  recently  further  receded, 
and  that  the  reduction  would  probably  become  of  a  more  pronounced 
character  in  the  future.  The  fact  could  not  be  concealed  that  the 
industry  was  now  under  the  influence  of  a  price  war,  and  those 
who  were  equipped  so  ns  to  fight  it  out  would  finally  become 
victorious,  (^uite  a  number  of  undertakings  would  probably  be 
unable  to  hold  out,  but  the  company  would  be  able  to  retain  its 
position.  It  was  added  that  the  contest  appeared  to  be  driving  in 
the  direction  of  the  formation  of  a  syndicate  for  this  type  of 
lamp. 

Kelvin    Memorials.  —  The    statue    of    liord    Kelvin, 

executed  by  Mr.  Albert  Bruce-Joy,  was  unveiled  at  Belfast  yester- 
day. The  7VwA^■  states  that  the  Kelvin  memorial  window  in  West- 
minster Abbey  is  to  be  unveiled  on  July  15th,  and  that  Mr.  Birrell 
will  unveil  a  statue  at  Glasgow  University  on  October  8th,  when 
Mr.  Balfour  will  deliver  an  appreciation  of  the  great  scientist. 

Annual  Outings. — The  annual  outing  of  the  employes 
of  the  Siemens  "  Wotan  "  and  "  Tantalum  "  Lamp  Works,  Dalston, 
was  held  on  Saturday  last,  Uth  inst.,  when  a  party  of  over  500 
made  a  journey  to  Ramsgate.  The  firm  made  a  new  departure  on 
this  occasion,  bearing  the  expense  of  travel,  and  thus  leaving  the 
members  of  the  party  free  to  make  their  own  arrangements  for 
refreshments  and  entertainment.  As  there  was  no  organised 
programme,  visitors  were  not  invited,  but  everybody  had  a  right 
royal  time.  The  company  went  down  by  a  specially  chartered  train, 
which  left  London  Bridge  at  7.15  a.m. 

Austrian  Electrical  Mail  Vans.— Thirty  new  electric 

motor  mail  vans  have  just  been  put  in  service  in  Vienna  by  the 
Austrian  postal  authorities.  The  vehicles  are  mainly  employed  in 
transporting  the  mails  to  and  from  the  railway  stations.  A  new 
Post  Office  garage,  for  the  storage  of  50  electric  vans,  is  being 
erected  in  the  Austrian  capital. 

.Tapan  Cable  Making. — It  is  reported  from  Japan  that 

the  Yokohama  Cable  Manufacturing  Co.  has  decided  to  establish  a 
branch  factory,  with  a  view  to  starting  the  manufacture  of  wire 
rope  as  an  addition  to  its  operations. 

The  Strike  at  Leeds. — The  reports  in  the  local  news- 
papers of  the  strike  of  Leeds  municipal  employes  have  been  some- 
what exaggerated.  We  understand  that  the  following  accurately 
represents  what  has  occurred  :  — 

The  strike  originated  amongst  labourers  in  the  Highways  Depart- 
ment, who  sought  an  increase  of  wages  and  other  concessions,  and 
ultimately  the  Gas  Workers"  and  General  Labourers"  I'nion  called 
upon  all  its  members  employed  by  the  Corporation  to  cease  work. 
The  call  was  pretty  generally  responded  to.  but  the  only  effect  upon 
the  operations  of  the  Electric  Lighting  Department  was  to  cause  a 
suspension  of  cable  laying  for  a  few  days.  A  number  of  members 
of  the  Union  engaged  inside  the  generating  station  also  ceased 
work,  but  their  places  were  readily  filled  by  loyal  officials  and 
workmen  usually  engaged  in  the  outdoor  operulions  of  the  depart- 
ment, with  the  result  that  no  occasion  was  given  for  a  moment" 8 
anxiety  as  to  the  maintenance  of  the  supply.  Threats  were  flying 
broadcast  as  to  the  cessation  of  work  by  the  remaining  workmen 
of  the  Corporation,  but  the  department  was  fully  prepared  to 
maintain  a  complete  supply  of  energy  for  all  purposes  for  an  in- 


1028 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Vol  72.  No.  i.sse,  jumi  20,  1913. 


definite  period.  Many  offers  of  help  were  received,  and  althongh  it 
was  not  necessary  to  take  advantaire  of  these,  the  gratitude  of  the 
department  and  of  Mr.  C.  Nelson  Hefford,  the  manaeer,  is  none  the 
less  sincere.  The  strike  was  settled  at  the  end  of  three  or  four 
days  by  substantial  concessions  to  the  workmen  in  other  depart- 
ments. 

Cable-Stealing:  on  the  Rand.— r^eports  received  by  this 
week's  mail  show  that  there  have  been  further  large  thefts  by  a 
pan?  of  "copper  thieves."  As  a  result  of  their  operations,  the 
Kleinfontein  Group  have  been  robbed  in  the  most  audacious  fashion 
of  something  like  .5  miles  of  copper  wire,  valued  at  over  *30ii,  and 
weiphinp  approximately  i  tons.  The  private  wire  connection  of 
the  New  Boksburp  Gold  Mines  with  the  Kleinfontein  Group  central 
administrations  was  entirely  removed  from  the  standards  and 
carried  away.  Some  2j  miles  of  copper  wire,  of  the  value,  roujrhly, 
of  £175,  had  been  stolen.  The  New  Kleinfontein  Gold  Mininp  Co. 
later  discovered  that  four  drums  of  copper,  weiphinp  in  the 
neiphbourhood  of  i-ton  each,  had  been  stolen  from  the  stores-yard. 
The  thieves  broke  off  the  locks  of  the  stores,  and  rolled  the  drums 
out  of  the  yard,  over  the  railway  line  to  a  point  where  they  were 
loaded  on  a  trolley  and  carted  off.  Two  native  police  boys  patrol 
round  the  stores  every  night '. 

Report  of  the  Marconi  Committee.— On  Friday  last 

the  report  of  the  Select  Committee  of  the  Ilouse  of  Commons  on 
the  Marconi  Contract,  dealing  only  with  the  rumours  regarding  the 
actions  of  Ministers,  was  published,  together  with  the  minutes  of 
proceedings.  The  official  report  is  that  of  the  majority  of  the 
Committee  ;  it  states  that  the  allegations  reflecting  on  the  conduct 
of  Ministers  ranged  themselves  under  two  heads  :  that  they  had 
exercised  undue  influence  to  procure  for  the  company  a  Government 
contract,  and  that  they  had  made  use  of  knowledge  acquired  in 
their  official  capacity,  and  had  purchased  shares  in  the  English 
company  with  a  view  to  selling  them  later  at  a  profit.  On  October 
11th,  1912,  Sir  Rufus  Isaacs,  on  behalf  of  himself  and  his 
colleagues,  the  Postmaster- General  and  the  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  described  the  allegations  as  baseless  fabrications,  and 
the  report  states  that  "  it  has  been  proved  to  the  Committee  that 
there  is  no  foundation  for  any  of  the  charges  made  against  these 
Ministers."  The  Committee  publicly  invited  evidence  relevant  to 
the  subject  matter  of  the  inquiry,  and  summoned  various  journalists 
and  others  responsible  for  the  publication  of  the  charges.  The 
papers  in  which  the  charges  appeared  are  named.  The  report  states 
that  there  is  no  foundation  for  the  suggestion  that  the  contract 
was  obtained  through  the  influence  of  the  Attorney-General,  and 
the  latter  had  no  negotiations  with  any  official  or  member  of  the 
Government.  No  evidence  has  been  submitted  to  the  Committee  to 
justify  any  of  the  charges  regarding  alleged  transactions  by 
Ministers  in  shares  of  the  English  company  daring  the  course  of 
the  negotiations  prior  to  the  acceptance  and  publication  of  the 
company's  tender  on  March  8th,  1912,  and  these  charges  have  been 
denied  on  oath  by  the  Minifeters  concerned.  The  Committee 
cannot  adopt  the  view  that  the  Postmaster-General  unduly  pressed 
for  the  approval  of  the  agreement  before  the  rising  of  the  House 
of  Commons  on  August  7th,  1912  ;  the  construction  of  the  Imperial 
Chain  of  Wireless  Telegraphy  was  declared  by  the  Imperial  Defence 
Committee  to  be  a  matter  of  extreme  urgency,  and  the  Committee 
considers  that  the  P.5I,G.  was  bound  to  do  everything  in  his  power 
to  secure  the  approval  of  the  agreement  at  the  earliest  possible 
date.  No  evidence  has  been  forthcoming  in  support  of  any 
suggestion  that  any  member  of  the  Government  exercised  any 
influence  to  procure  for  the  English  company  a  Government 
contract,  or  that  he  took  advantage  of  any  knowledge  acquired  in 
his  official  capacity  in  relation  to  the  purchase  or  sale  of  shares  in 
the  English  company  or  otherwise. 

The  Committee  reports  that  the  charges  made  against  Sir  Rufus 
Isaass,  Mr.  Lloyd  George  and  Mr.  Herbert  Samuel  are  absolutely 
untrue,  and  strongly  condemns  the  publication  in  such  a  way  of 
unfounded  charges  against  the  honour  and  integrity  of  public  men. 

Regarding  the  purchase  of  shares  in  the  American  company  by 
the  Attorney-General,  Mr.  Lloyd  George  and  Lord  Murray,  the 
Committee  finds  that  in  these  transactions  there  is  no  ground  for 
any  charge  of  corruption  or  uniaithfulness  to  pjniic  ijuiy  :  the 
American  company  were  not  parties  to  the  agreem-nt,  and  could 
have  no  interest  in  the  construction  of  the  stations  to  be  erected 
under  it,  or  in  any  profit  derived  by  the  English  company  from 
the  contract.  Neither  the  English  company  nor  its  managing 
director,  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs,  was  a  party  to  any  of  the  transactions 
in  question,  and  the  Ministers  named  received  no  favour  of  any 
kind  from  the  English  company  or  Mr.  (iodfrey  Isaacs. 

The  report  concludes  that,  on  the  whole,  all  the  Ministers  con- 
cerned acted  in  the  sincere  belief  that  there  was  nothing  in 
their  action  which  would  in  any  way  conflict  with  their  duty  as 
Ministers. 

In  the  draft  report  by  the  chairman,  Sir  A.  Spicer,  the  oircum- 
Btances  are  reviewed  at  length,  and  the  conclusions  with  regard  to 
the  contract  and  the  shares  of  the  English  company  are  sub- 
stantially the  same  as  those  of  the  Committee's  majority  report ; 
but  the  draft  report  states  that  in  view  of  all  the  circumstances, 
Sir  Rufus  Isaacs  would  have  been  well  advised  if  he  had  had 
nothing  to  do  with  the  issue  of  shares  in  the  American  company, 
and  if  it  had  occurred  to  Ministers  on  October  llth,  1912,  to 
disclose  the  facts  regarding  these  shares,  their  statement  would 
have  tended  to  avert  much  misunderstanding. 

A  draft  report  submitted  by  Lord  Robert  Cecil  points  out  that  a 
contract  between  the  Government  and  the  Jinglifh  Marconi  Co. 
would  indirectly  benefit  all  the  subsidiary  companies  of  the 
Marconi  system,  and  that  an  erroneous  version  of  the  terms  of  the 
contract,  circulated   by  the  company  on  March  7th,  1912,  was  not 


corrected  by  the  P.M.G.  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs's  account  of  his 
position  with  regard  to  the  American  share  dealings  is  not  regarded 
in  the  draft  report  as  satisfactory  ;  the  .')00,000  shares  in  the 
American  company  belonged  to  the  English  company,  and  were  at 
the  disposal  of  Mr.  Godfrey  Isaacs  as  the  agent  of  that  company. 

The  transaction  between  the  Attorney-(ieneral  and  Mr.  Harry 
Isaacs  "appears  to  us,"  say  the  draft  report,  "to  have  been  gravely 
improper,  because  a  Minister  of  the  Crown  made  an  advantageous 
purchase  of  shares  upon  advice  and  information  not  then  fully 
available  to  the  public,  given  to  him  by  the  managing  director 
of  a  company  which  was  in  course  of  obtaining  from  the  Govern- 
ment a  contract  of  the  greatest  importance."  The  draft  report 
further  expresses  the  view  that  the  new  capital  was  raised  for  the 
American  company  largely  on  the  strength  of  the  indirect  advan- 
tages conferred  by  the  contract  upon  the  whole  Marconi  system, 
and  that  there  was  a  speculative  element  in  the  whole  of  the 
transactions  of  Ministers.  The  charges  alleging  corruption  are 
stated  to  be  without  foundation,  but  they  were  due  to  a  distorted 
account  of  the  transactions  in  American  shares.  Ministerial  reticence 
was  mainly  to  blame,  and  is  described  as  "  a  grave  error  of 
judgment,  and  as  wanting  in  frankness  and  in  respect  for  the 
House  of  Commons." 

The  Committee's  report  was  under  discussion  in  the  House  of 
Commons  on  Wednesday  and  Thursday  this  week. 

The  British  Engineers'  Association. — This  Associa- 
tion held  its  fifth  provincial  meeting  at  Glasgow  on  June  12th. 
Mr:  T.  Cuthbert  Stewart  (Stewarts  i:  Lloyds)  was  in  the  chair,  and 
he  was  supported  by  Jlr.  James  Downs,  member  of  the  council, 
and  several  other  members  ;  Captain  Fitz-IIugh,  the  Chief  Com- 
missioner of  the  Association  in  China  :  Prof.  C.  A.  M.  Smith,  Dean 
of  the  Faculty  of  Engineering  at  the  Hong-Kong  University  ;  Mr. 
Stafford  Ransome,  Organiser  of  the  Association,  and  others.  The 
meeting  was  well  attended  by  directors  and  other  representatives 
of  the  Scottish  engineering  firms.  The  chairman  said  that  they  had 
now  170  members  representing  firms  with  a  capital  of  about 
7n  millions  sterling,  and  if  they  reckoned  the  many  verbal  promises 
they  had  received  from  other  firms,  the  membership  might  be  said 
to  have  very  nearly  reached  2(mi.  There  were  22  Scottish  members, 
which  was  not  a  large  percentage  on  the  whole,  and  he  hoped  that 
the  result  of  that  meeting  would  be  to  induce  a  great  many  more 
to  join. 

Captain  Fitz-IIugh  first  dealt  with  the  progress  of  events  in  China, 
and  pointed  out  how  it  was  bound  to  become  a  huge  market  for 
engineering  plant. 

Prof.  Smith  dealt  more  particularly  with  the  technical 
educational  problem.  When  he  was  sent  out  to  China  to  take 
charge  of  and  open  the  engineering  department  of  that  University 
he  was  firmly  convinced  that  British  engineering  interests  were 
paramount  in  China.  He  was  astounded  to  find  that  there  was  a 
general  impression  that  British  influence  was  on  the  wane,  and 
more  astonished  still  to  find  that  British  residents  in  China  were 
not  slow  to  admit  that  allegation.  When  they  heard  that  the 
British  Engineers'  Association  had  been  started  they  were  enthusi- 
astic at  the  idea  of  our  manufacturing  engineers  becoming  alive  to 
the  trade  possibilities  of  the  country.  It  was  essential  to  our 
future  success  that  the  prestige  of  British  engineering  and 
machinery  should  be  upheld  in  the  eyes  of  the  Chinese,  and  the 
Hong-Kong  University,  purely  a  British  institution,  though  certain 
Chinese  tiibscribed  largely  to  the  funds,  was  there  to  educate  the 
Chinese  engineer  of  the  future  on  British  lines,  and  now  they  had 
the  British  Engineers'  Aesociation  to  strengthen  the  business 
interests.  These  were  the  two  great  factors  working  side  by  side 
which  should  do  more  than  anything  else  to  maintain  British 
engineering  prestige.  They  could  rest  assured  that  the  Hong-Kong 
University  would  do  its  share,  and  the  British  Engineers'  Associa- 
tion had  already  begun  to  bear  a  portion  of  the  burden.  It 
remained  for  British  manufacturing  engineers  throughout  the 
country  to  support  the  Association  in  a  manner  which  would 
render  it  all-powerful  for  the  good  of  their  industry. 

Mr.  James  Downs  said  that  the  time  was  ripe  for  a  combination 
like  the  Briti.-h  Engineers'  Association,  as,  without  it,  we  could  not 
hope  to  capture  our  proper  share  of  the  Chinese  market.  His  firm 
(Messrs.  Ruse,  Djwns  A;  Th)mpson)  had  sp.nt  a  gooJ  deal  of  money, 
and  ha.)  taken  a  great  deal  of  trouble  to  obtain  Chinese  trade,  and 
he  had  himself  visited  the  country  for  the  purpose  of  a^udving  tie 
question  on  the  spot.  The  result  of  his  investigations  had  been 
the  conviction  that  British  engineers  should  combine  to  retain  and 
increase  their  trade,  and  he  agreed  with  the  previous  speakers  that 
British  prestige  should  be  upheld.  The  Association,  which  had 
already  done  something,  would,  when  supported  by  all  the  principal 
firms  in  the  country,  possess  a  power  which  would  give  its  voice 
weight  with  the  Government  and  in  financial  circles.  A  bankiug 
system  which  would  advance  to  an  engineering  firm  £500  on  the 
security  of  a  £1,000  Bank  of  England  note  was  not  one  which  was 
likely  to  promote  the  interests  of  its  clients,  and  he  considered  that 
it  was  worth  while  having  an  Association  even  if  its  effect  were  only 
to  render  British  bankers  more  reasonable  in  their  treatment  of 
engineering  propositions.  He  then  dealt  with  the  various  reasons 
why  engine<»ring  firms  should  give  their  support  to  the  Associa- 
tion, and  urged  all  those  Glasgow  firms  who  had  the  interest  of 
British  engineering  at  heart  to  become  members. 

Alnmioium  Conductors. — 'I'lie  use  of  bare  overhead 

conductors  of  aluminium  was  discussed  at  the  recent  meeting  of 
the  Association  of  Electricity  Works  held  at  Triar.  Mr.  H»nney, 
who  staled  that  the  town  of  Triar  had  obtained  favourable  resnlts 
from  aluminium  mains,  mentioned  that  the  total  length  amounted 
to  .S22  miles,  and  the  saving  as  compared  with  the  use  of  copper 
reached  the  sum  of  £6,750. 


Vol.72.  No.  ),Hf,,  jnNK.'o.  iDin.i       TTIE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


](yz'.) 


Electrical  €(»ntractorN'  AMsociation  (Incorporaffd). 

— Anntai,  DiNNK.ll. — On  Tuecday  last  tlio  iirmuul  iliniiiT  of  tlio 
ABDooiatioii  waH  hold  at  KruHcatirt  lloHtaiirunt  ;  the  PrcHidnnt,  Mr. 
W.  A.  Shaw,  oocupiiid  tho  chair,  and  was  Hiipport'Ml  by  Mr.  S.  II. 
Wobb,  I'reHidtint-l'lloot,  Mr.  J.  E.  Ivluconio,  Mr.  A.  Itruuo  AnderHon, 
and  other  frucHtH  and  meniberH  to  the  iinmbcr  of  about  HO. 

After  the  loyal  toastH,  Mr.  M.  N.  I)ruc((unr  propoflod  "The 
Electrical  Oontraotor«'  AKmiciation  (Incorporated),"  reoallinp 
bytfoue  battlcH  in  which  ho  had  acted  on  behalf  of  mem- 
bers of  the  AHBociation,  with  the  invaluable  awiHtanco  of  the 
secretary,  Mr.  L.  (■.  Tate,  whoHO  lucid  explanationH  in  the 
witness  box  were  irresistibUi  to  any  judjje.  The  Association  never 
failed  to  achieve  any  jjurpose  that  it  aet  out  to  aocomplish,  and  it 
had  now  attained  a  membership  of  fiitii,  which  rendered  it  a  powiirful 
body.  He  referred  to  the  victories  over  the  LeicoHter  and  Sheltield 
Corporations,  and  said  that  if  the  Asaooiation  wished  to  continue 
its  existence,  it  must  present  a  united  opposition  to  municipal 
tradinET.  In  reply,  Mr.  Wtl)b  said  that  the  Association 
only  took  to  laiv  in  the  last  resort,  and  it  had  always 
been  successful  in  the  Courts.  lie  rejfretted  that  the 
municipal  engineers,  with  whom  they  wished  to  cultivate 
a  better  feelingr,  had  introduced  a  Bill  that  they  wh.sY  oppose.  lie 
had  never  seen  a  true  b.ilance-sheet  for  the  wirini;  department  of  a 
municipality,  includinfj  all  the  items  of  expenditure  that  were  in 
fact  incurred  ;  they  felt  keenly  the  competition  of  these  depart- 
ments, and  must  fi^^ht  the  Bill,  though  really  their  interests  were 
identical  with  those  of  the  station  engineers.  It  was  most 
desirable  that  all  contractors  should  join  the  Association,  not  only 
for  the  strength  of  union  but  also  to  iget  to  know  each  other. 

At  the  request  of  the  President,  Mr.  W.  R.  Rawlings  pre- 
sented to  Mr.  A.  Davidson  an  illuminated  addresa,  remarking  that 
they  owed  him  a  great  debt  for  his  services  to  the  contractors  of 
Great  Britain  in  leading  the  successful  attack  on  the  Sheffield 
wiring  department.  Mr.  Davidson  expressed  his  thanks  for  the 
honour,  which  he  shared  with  his  colleagues,  and  stated  that  he 
was  about  to  start  another  fight  which  would  have  still  more  far- 
reaching  (;onse(iuence8.  He  was  going  to  urge  the  Chambers  of 
Commerce  of  the  United  Kingdom  to  press  for  the  impartial  audit 
of  all  municipal  accounts,  in  view  of  the  "  disgraceful  state  "  of 
the  accounts  of  the  Corporation  of  Sheffield.  He  referred  to  the 
great  personal  merits  of  the  secretary,  Mr.  Tate,  whose  policy,  at 
first  cold-shouldered,  had  eventually  borne  fruit  owing  to  his 
untiring  energy. 

The  President  then  presented  an  illuminated  address  and  a 
cheque  to  Mr.  Tate,  expressing  the  hearty  good  wishes  of  all  con- 
tractors and  station  engineers  that  he  and  Mrs.  Tate  should  enjoy 
every  happiness.  He  was  a  born  secretary,  and  had  rendered 
magnificent  services  to  the  Association  in  Parliament  and  else- 
where. Mr.  Tate  brieliy  expressed  his  appreciation  of  the  gifts 
and  good  wishes,  remarking  that  at  times  he  had  been  down- 
hearted, but  those  times  had  passed. 

Mr.  E.  C.  Wallis,  in  a  humorous  speech,  proposed  "The  I.M.E.A., 
the  B.E.A.M.A.  and  Kindred  Associations,"  hoping  the  latter  would 
back  the  Association  up  in  resisting  the  aggression  of  municipal 
authorities.  The  President  pointed  out  that  the  contractors  had 
always  had  a  good  friend  in  Mr.  J.  E.  Edgcome  (President  I.M.E.A.), 
who,  in  his  reply,  said  that  the  questions  at  issue  between  their 
respective  Associations  were  questions  that  ought  to  yield  to 
treatment — there  must  be  some  way  of  reconciling  their  diflfer- 
ences.  His  Council  had  had  full  powers  since  1900,  and  had  prac- 
tically acted  as  bankers,  preparing  specifications  and  placing  con- 
tracts with  the  lowest  tenderer ;  they  advanced  the  money  to  pay 
the  contractors,  who  thus  made  no  bad  debts,  and  they  collected 
the  cost  from  the  consumers,  to  the  advantage  of  all  parties.  He 
hoped  some  means  would  be  found  to  bury  the  hatchet. 

Mr.  A.  Bruce  Anderson  (Chairman  B.E.A.M.A.)  also  rfplied, 
reiterating  his  gospel — that  all  their  interests  converged  in  the 
common  interest  of  the  British  electrical  industry  ;  they  were  all 
interdependent  and  must  work  for  one  another  as  well  as  for 
themselves.  The  same  argument  applied  to  the  whole  of  British 
industry.  When  that  great  fact  was  realised,  they  would  be  doing 
all  in  their  power  to  give  employment  to  the  working  classes  of 
this  country. 

"  The  President "  was  proposed  by  Mr.  R.  Tweedy  Smith,  who 
remarked  that  the  Association  went  to  the  north  country  for 
fighting  men.  In  his  reply,  Mr.  Shaw  acknowledged  his  indebted- 
ness to  all  his  colleagues  for  the  great  kindnesses  accorded  to  him 
during  his  year  of  office. 

An  excellent  musical  entertainment  was  provided,  and  the  pro- 
ceedings throughout  were  "  merry  and  bright." 

Appointments  Vacant. — The  appointment  of  Professor 
and  Head  of  the  Department  of  Civil  Engineering  at  the  Imperial 
College  of  Science  and  Technology  (£1,000)  is  vacant,  and  applica- 
tions are  invited  by  the  Delegacy  (City  and  Guilds  Engineering 
College)  ;  the  appointment  of  Professor  of  INIechanical  Engineering 
at  Manchester  Municipal  School  of  Technology  (£700),  rendered 
vacant  by  the  death  of  Prof.  J.  T.  Xicolson,  is  also  advertised  in  the 
Times  ;  lecturer  in  wiieless  telegraphy  for  Royal  Technical  College, 
Glasgow  (£150)  :  telegraph  inspector  for  the  Posts  and  Telegraphs 
Department  of  Northern  Nigeria  (£250  -f  quarters)  ;  mechanic  for 
the  Middlesex  Education  Committee  (42s.).  See  "  Official  Notices" 
to-day. 

Colliery  Fatality  at  Redbill. — Referring  to  the  note 

in  our  issue  of  the  6th  inst..  which  stated  that  the  faulty  cable 
was  "  protected  by  rubber,"  we  regret  to  learn  from  the  St.  Helens 
Cable  and  Rubber  Co.,  Ltd.,  that  this  expression  has  been  taken  to 
mean  that  the  cables  were  of  the  "c»b-tire  sheathed"  type.  In 
point  of  fact,  the  cable  was  insulated  with  rubber,  and  protected 
with  tapes  and  braids  in  the  ordinary  way.    The  cab-tire  rubber 


compound  with  which  the  oomimny'M  patent  (J.T.H.  cable  in  pro- 
tooted  haH  acquired  a  utiique  reputation  for  Hafety.  thou(fh  it  is 
used  utuler  the  moHt  Hevcrn  condition»,  and  wo  arc  pleaiM-d  to  ht 
able  to  clear  it  of  any  imputation  in  connection  with  tbiii 
unfortunate  accident. 

ln(|UiricM. — A  oorrctitoii'lont  wants  fiiiiall  arrnatn re-corn 
plates,  or  the  addrcHseH  of  makerH  of  notching  presHeo  for  these. 
Makurs  of  the  "  ftrecht"  ceiling  fan  are  awked  for. 

Institution    and     I,<Mture    IVotPS.  —  I.vstiti  tb  of 

Mauink  Enoinkkus. —  A  party  of  momberH  of  the  Institute  on 
.lane  f>th  made  a  visit  of  inspection  to  the  G.S.N,  iiteimer 
l''iiiii-rtli\  at  present  engaged  in  the  L'indon-Hordeanx  service, 
which  is  the  latest  addition  to  the  company's  fleet  and  haH  been 
constructed  and  fitted  throughout  on  a  generom  scale.  A  complete 
installation  of  electrically-operated  windlass,  cranes,  winches, 
capstans,  A:-;.,  has  been  supplied  by  Messrs.  Clarke.  Chapman  4:  Co., 
Ltd.  The  windlass  has  two  cast-iron  cable  holders,  each  suitable 
for  working  two  IJii -in.  diameter  cables.  The  six  cranes,  each  with  a 
lift  of  1 J  tons  at  12o  ft.  per  minute,  or  3  tons  at  CO  ft ,  are  of  the 
two-motor  type,  thehoistingand slewing  motionsea<;h  being  operated 
by  a  separate  motor.  There  are  two  capstans,  and  each  barrel  has 
two  diameters,  the  larger  diameter  at  the  bottom  being  necessary 
to  give  room  for  the  gear  case  ;  this  also  gives  a  quick  speed  neces- 
sary for  hauling  in  slack  rope.  They  give  a  pull  of  H  tons  at  40  ft. 
per  minute.  There  are  two  winches,  one  with  a  lift  of  5  tons  at 
60  ft.  per  minute,  or  2i  tons  at  120  ft.,  and  the  other  of  .3  tons  at 
60  ft.  per  minute,  or  IJ  tons  at  120  ft.  The  pressure  of  supply 
from  the  two  li)0-KW.  power  generating  sets  is  220  volts,  and  from 
the  lighting  plant  llii  volts.  The  power  installation  is  quite 
separate  from  the  lighting  installation  as  regards  both  wiring  and 
machines.  The  ab.-ience  of  deck  steampipes  is  a  noticeable  feature, 
and  the  silent  running  and  absence  of  viOration  are  distinct  advant- 
ages in  a  passenger  vessel  of  this  description.  The  masthead, 
stern,  anchor  and  side  lights  are  all  electrically  operated,  and  are 
connected  to  an  electric  ship  log  in  the  captain's  room.  The  vessel 
is  equipped  with  a  wireless  telegraph  outfit. 

Royal  Socikty  of  Akts.  —  On  Tuesday  the  annual  conver- 
sazione of  the  Society  was  held  in  the  galleries  of  the  Natural 
History  Museum,  the  guests  being  received  by  Lord  Sanderson, 
chairman,  and  the  Council.  Music  was  provided  by  the  bands  of 
the  Royal  Artillery  and  the  University  of  London  O.T.C.,  and  a 
concert  was  given  ;  a  large  number  of  members  and  guests  were 
present  and  passed  an  enjoyable  evening. 

Junior  Institution  of  Engineers. — The  second  Gustave 
Canet  lecture  will  be  delivered  on  Monday,  June  30th,  by  Dr. 
Dugald  Clerk,  F.R.S.  Sir  Trevor  Dawson,  who  delivered  the  first 
Canet  lecture  in  1909,  is  this  year  the  president,  and  has  consented 
to  preside.  Visitors  wishing  to  attend  should  make  early  applica- 
tion for  tickets,  which  can  be  obtained  from  Mr.  A.  Clifford  Swales, 
secretary,  39,  Victoria  Street,  S.W. 

Society  op  Engineers  (Incorporated). — A  large  party  of 
members  of  the  Society  visited  the  Chingford  Reservoir  of  the 
Metropolitan  Water  Board  on  the  17th  inst.  to  see  the  Humphrey 
pumps. 

Association  of  Electrical  Station  Engineers.— At  a 

number  of  meetings  held  during  the  past  week  at  Manchester, 
Dublin,  Glasgow,  Bradford,  Birmingham,  Liverpool  and  Grimsby, 
delegates  were  appointed  to  attend  a  Conference  with  the  London 
Organising  Committee  to  be  held  in  London,  June  23rd,  the  object 
of  which  is  to  ratify  a  set  of  rules  and  finally  fix  the  policy  of  the 
Association.  The  delegates  will  also  attend  a  general  meeting  to 
be  held  at  Chandos  Hall,  Maiden  Lane,  London,  W.C,  June  24th, 
at  8  p.m.,  when  a  report  on  the  result  of  the  Conference  will  be 
givftn 

An  informal  meeting  was  held  on  Friday  last  at  the  Y.M.C.A., 
Newca?tle-on-Tyne,  with  the  object  of  forming  a  branch.  A  tem- 
porary committee  was  appointed,  which  has  arranged  to  hold  a 
general  meeting,  at  which  all  station  engineers  will  be  welcomed, 
at  the  Drawing  Room  Cafe,  Northumberland  Street,  Newcastle-on- 
Tyne,  on  June  23rd.  A  branch  had  not  been  formed  previously, 
owing  to  the  fact  that  a  gentleman  could  not  be  found  to  under- 
take the  onerous  duties  of  hon.  secretary,  but  this  difficulty  has 
now  been  overcome. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 

The  Editors  invite  electrical  engiiieers,  whether  connected  with  th» 
technical  or  the  commercial  side  of  the  profession  and  industry, 
also  electric  tramway  and  railway  officials,  to  heep  readers  of  tl. « 
Electrical  Review  posted  as  to  their  morements. 


Central  Station  Officials.— Our  Australian  exchange, 
Teiidi'rs,  says  that  Mr.  George  Crowther,  of  the  Melbourne  (3ity 
Council  electrical  engineer's  staff,  has  been  appointed  electrical 
engineer  to  the  Inverell  municipality,  N.S.W. 

Mr.  L.  H.  King,  on  relinquishing  the  position  of  electrical 
engineer  to  the  Whitby  Urban  Council,  has  been  presentsd  by  the 
staff  with  a  leather  travelling  bag. 

Mr.  G.  p.  Farkek  has  been  appointed  assistant  manager  of  the 
Brighouse  electricity  works,  of  which  Mr.  A.  Aspinall  is  the 
manager.  •  . 

Mr.  Oliver  H.  Barker,  of  Charlton,  Kent,  has  been  appointed 
to  fill  the  post  of  switchboard  attendant  at  the  Portsmouth  Cor- 
poration electricity  works,  which  was  recently  advertised. 


1030 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        LVoi.  72.  No.  i,856,  june  20. 1913. 


Mr.  Harry  E.  Betts  has  resiernftd  hia  position  as  district  repre- 
sentative with  the  South  London  Electric  Supply  Corporation,  Ltd., 
in  order  to  t*ke  up  a  position  as  engrineerinp  representative  with 
the  City  of  SheflBeld  electric  supply  department. 

The  Mininfi  and  Knyineering  Ueiirw  states  that  Mb.  F.  J. 
Cau.mody,  late  of  the  Melbourne  Municipal  electrical  supply  depart- 
ment, has  been  appointed  electrical  superintendent  to  the  Footscray 
(Vic.)  Council. 

Toe  Whitehaven  T.C.  has  decided  to  increase  the  salary  of  the 
borougrh  electrical  engineer,  Mr  15.  Sankey,  bv  £2.">  ayear  to  £275. 

Mk.  CH.\.'i.  F.  Wells,  of  the  staff  of  the  Isle  of  Wijrht  ElectricLitrbt 
and  Power  Co.,  has  been  appointed  commercial  representative  at 
the  electricity  works  of  the  Dundee  Corporation. 

Tramway    Officials.— The    Sonthport   Electricity   and 

Tramways  Committee  at  the  end  of  May  received  a  letter  from 
Messrs  Briphouse,  Jonps  \  Co.,  claiminfj  damagres  on  behalf  of  !\Ih. 
B.  Andrews,  of  Bradford,  who  had  been  recommended  by  the 
Electricity  and  Tramways  Committee  for  the  position  of  tramways 
manager.  The  Committee  approved  of  the  reply  thereto  of  the 
town  clerk,  and  decided  that  Jlessrs.  Brighouse,  Jones  &  Co.  be 
informed  that  the  Committee  cannot  admit  any  liability,  nor  agree 
to  make  the  payment  to  Mr.  Andrews  which  they  suggested. 

General. — The  marriage  took  place  at  .\11  Saints'  Church, 
Whittle  (Essex),  on  June  12th,  of  Mr.  Fkeiik.  Rice  Maukham,  eldest 
son  of  Col.  Markham,  of  ::^Iorland  House,  Westmorland,  and  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Bray,  Markham  i:  Reis^,  electrical  engineers  and  manu- 
facturers, of  Blackhorse  Lane,  Walthamstow,  London,  and  Miss 
Elizabeth  W.  Wondhouse,  daughter  of  Mr.  Robert  Woodhouse,  of 
Longmeads,  Writtle. 

Congratulations  and  best  wishes  to  Mr.  W.  MfiiRAY  Morrison, 
M.Inst.C.E.,  M.I.E.E.,  general  manager  of  the  British  Aluminium 
Co.,  Ltd.,  who  was  married  on  Friday  last,  13th  inst.,  to  Marie  Vera, 
only  daughter  of  K.  E.  Markel,  Ph.D ,  and  Mrs.  Markel,  of  20, 
Queen's  Gate  Terrace,  S.W. 

Mrs.  J  Devonshire,  wife  of  the  managing  director  of  the 
London  United  Electric  Tramways,  Ltd..  will  distribute  the  prizes 
at  the  annual  sports  of  the  emplojos  to  be  held  at  the  Brentford 
Football  Ground  on  July  9th.  One  of  the  leading  events  will  be  the 
tng-of -war  for  the  Lady  Robinson  Challenge  Cup,  to  be  competed 
for  by  tramway  teams  of  the  United  Kingdom. 

Mr.  F.  Gill,  late  engineer-in-chief,  and  Mr.  W.  W.  Cook,  late 
assistant  cngineer-in-chief  for  many  years  to  the  National 
Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  entered  into  partnership  as  consulting 
engineers,  specialising  particularly  in  the  work  of  telephone  under- 
takings. Associated  with  them  are  MKSstis  D.  B.  Filton,  J.  H.  H. 
Boyd,  S.  H.  Pook,  E.  Williams,  and  H.  Green,  all  of  the  National 
Telephone  Co.'s  staff.  Messrs.  Gill  &  Cook  will  remove  their  offices 
on  the  24th  inst.  from  Hamilton  House,  Temple  Avenue,  to  Win- 
chester House,  Old  Broad  Street. 

Mr.  R.  W.  Weekes,  Whit.  Sch.,  M.I.E.E.,  informs  us  that  he  is 
taking  into  partnership  Mr.  Alfred  0.  Kolkhorst,  M.I  E  E.,  and  that 
in  future  the  name  of  the  firm  will  be  Messrs.  Weekes  .t  Kolkhorst. 
The  latter  gentleman  has  resided  for  many  years  in  Chile,  where  he 
has  carried  out  some  of  the  largest  electrical  undertakings,  includ- 
ing the  Valparaiso  tramways  and  electricity  supply,  of  which  he 
was  general  manager  from  1903  to  lin2,  besides  being  manager  of 
the  Chilian  Electric  Tramways  and  Light  Co.,  of  Santiago.  The 
capital  expended  on  these  undertakings  and  the  Chile  hydro- 
electric plant  (also  under  Mr.  Kolkhorst's  management)  was  about 
3}  millions  sterling.  As  for  Mr.  Weeke.s,  much  of  whose  work 
has  been  done  in  our  midst,  no  introduction  is  necessary  ; 
but  we  may  remind  our  readers  that  amongst  the  im- 
portant undertakings  with  which  he  has  been  connected 
as  electrical  adviser  are  the  South  London,  Chiswick,  Aberyst- 
wyth, and  Kandy  Electric  Supply  companies,  in  addition  to 
numerous  large  factory  installations  such  as  the  Tate  Sugar 
Refineries  at  Liverpiol  and  London,  the  Xylonite  Co.'s  two  works, 
Broadwood's  and  Marshall's  piano  factories,  and  various  foreign 
and  colonial  gas  works,  mining  plant.  &c.  We  join  with  Mr. 
Weekes's  many  friends  in  wishing  him  and  his  partner  (one  of  his 
oldest  electrical  friends)  all  success  and  prosperity  in  their  joint 
career. 

Obituary. — ]\Ir.   R.  S.  Euskink. — We  deeply  regret  to 

learn  of  the  death  of  Mr.  Robert  Steuart  Krrtkine,  secretary  of  the 
Kensington  and  Knightsbridge  Electric  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd..  which 
occurred  on  Saturday  last,  llth  inst.,  at  10,  Ovington  Gardens, 
S.W.  The  deceased  gentleman  was  only  52  years  of  aee.  The 
funeral  service  took  place  at  St.  Stephen's,  Glouce-ter  Road,  on 
Wednesday  afternoon,  and  was  followed  by  interment  in  Brompton 
Cemetery.  Mr.  Erskine  was  an  old  Crompton  man,  and  he  went 
straight  from  the  service  of  that  firm  many  years  ago  to  the 
Kensington  and  Knightsbridge  Electric  Lighting  Co.,  being  associ- 
ated with  it  from  its  beginning.  He  will  be  remembered  by  many 
of  our  readers  by  reason  of  his  connection  with  the  Electrical 
Eagineers  Volunteers,  of  which,  with  Dr.  Hopkinson.  Col.  Crompton 
and  others,  he  was  one  of  the  originators,  and  in  which  he  w.as  a 
major.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical 
Engineers. 

Mb  Oswald  Dewey. — We  regret  to  record  the  death  of  Mr. 
Oswald  Ddwey,  which  occurred  suddenly  in  Blackpool,  the  cause 
being  acute  pneumonia.  The  deceased  gentleman  had  been  on  the 
representative  staff  of  Messrs.  Ferranti,  Ltd.,  and  the  Reason  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  representing  Messrs. 
Inarla,  Ltd.  Mr.  Dewey's  sudden  death  has  come  as  a  shock  to  bis 
many  acfjuftlnt^nces  and  friendp  in  the  electrics!  profeBsion. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Electric  Utility  Co.,  Ltd.  (129,420) -This  company  was  r«.j 

gistercd  un  June  Gib,  with  n  capknl  of  iC20,OrO  in  58.  shares,  to  acquire  BDyj 
inTentioii  rnlacing  lo  electric  and  other  lamps  and  accessories,  and  Konerallyl 
any  invention  or  business  relating  to  lighting  or  illumiunnts,  to  acquire  ihel 
business  and  assets  of  Klectric  Ijamp  Regenerators,  Ltd.  (in  liquidation),  aiidJ 
to  carry  on  the  business  of  manufacturers  and  repairers  of  and  dealers  inl 
eld-tric    lamps,    relleotcrs,    lenses  and   other  articles,  &e.      The  subscriberal 
(with  one  share  eaclil  are  :--E.  Edwards,   112,  Turner's  Road,  Burdeit  Road,] 
Bow, clerk;    H.   E,  West,  19,  Kay  Road,  fitockwell,  S.W. .  clerk  ;    A    W.8kan,| 
4,  Ciiplhall  Chnmbers,  E  C,  solicitor;    P.  H.  Brashier,  29,  Kha  Avenue,  <  lap-| 
Imm  Common,  S  W.,  gentleman  ;    H.  E.  Bkan,  5,  Kilburn  friory,  Maida  Vale,! 
N.W,,  clerk  ;  F   W.  Beard,  23,  SummerflBid  Avenue,  Kilburn,  N.W..  secretary;! 
L.  M.  Howe,  24.  Ellingham  Koad,  bhipbcrd'B  Bush,  W., clerk.    Minimum  cash  1 
subscription,  ao.OCO  shares;    the  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than 
three  or  more  than  seven  ;  the  first  are  H.  A.  Herbert,  E   B.  Sargant,  R.  Bell, 
J.  M.  Ijonge  and  H.  8.  Hohne  ;  qualifh-a'.ion  (except  Br<tdirectors),  SOOshares ; 
remuneration,  £l.'SO  per  annum  and  5  per  cent,  of  the  net  profits,  divisible. 
Registered  ofllce,  Caxton  House,  Westminster,  S.W. 

(iarrett,  Hartiey&   Co.,  Ltd.  (129.357).— This  company  was 

registered  on  June  4lh,  with  a  capital  of  £l,5f0  in  £\  shares,  to  take  over  the 
bu.siness  of  an  electrical  engineer  and  cnntractor,  carried  on  by  C.  W.  Ciarrett, 
at  Morena  Htreel,  Catford.  H.E.,  as  "Garrett's  Eugineering  Co."  The  sub- 
scribers a. o:  C.  W.  Garrett,  31,  Tulverley  Road.  Catford,  8.E.,  electrical 
engineer,  7  lO  shares;  H,  Hartley,  B  8c  ,  A.VI.I.UE,  Crauford,  Grand  Drive, 
Kaynes  Park,  H.W.,  engineer,  400  shares.  Private  compiny.  The  number  of 
directors  is  not  'o  be  Ici-s  than  two  or  mure  than  live;  the  first  are  C.  W, 
Garrett  and  8.  Hartley,  seoretaty.  Registered  office,  Morena  Street  Works, 
Catford,  H.E. 

W.   N.   Berry    &    Co.,    Ltd.    (129.459).— This  company  was 

regi^tcrcd  on  .lune  7th,  with  a  capital  of  £1,000  \t\  £\  shares  (10  deferred),  to 
takeover  the  buine^s  <  1  electrii'al  and  nieehsnicai  engineers  cariedon  by 
W.  N.  Berry  and:  H.  Bhniber,  at  32  ginen  Street,  Mai  Chester,  as  "  W.  N.  Berry 
and  Co.,"  and  to  adopt  an  sgreemei.t  with  W.  H.  Edne.  The  subcribers  (with 
one  hhare  each)  are  : -W.  N.  Ber>y,  40,  Kllesmcre  Road,  Didtbury,  electrical 
engineer;  H.  Bamber,  S3.  Ansdell  Street,  Chettham  Hill,  Manrlietter, 
electrical  engineer  Private  company.  The  firs',  directors  are  W.  N  Beriyaod 
H.  Bamber;  quilifioation,  i'lOO.  Registered  office,  32,  Queen  Street,  Albert 
Squnre,  Muncbesier. 

L.  Apple,  Lid.  (129,39fi). — This  company  was  registered  on  June 

.Ith,  with  a  capital  of  i'lOO  in  JEI  shares,  to  take  over  the  business  carried  on  by 
Ls/'.arus  *pple  a-i  Iha  West  E'ld  Ir  nin"iigery  fltorts  and  Klcctrical  Engineers, 
at  13.  Brewer  Street,  Siiho,  W.  The  subscribers  (with  one  share  each)  are  ;— 
L.  Apple,  13,  Biewer  Street,  W.,  ironmonger  anil  electrical  engineer;  B. 
Apple,  81,  Berwick  Street,  W.,  ironmonger's  assistant.  Piivate  company. 
Table  "  A  "  mainly  applies.    Registered  ofhce,  18,  Brewer  Street,  Soho,  W. 

Wireless   Telepliones,    Ltd.    (129. .-)33).  — This  company  was 

register  d  on  June  lUn,  with  a  capital  of  £.500  in  i'l  chares,  to  acquire  inven- 
tions relatir'g  t'l  or  in  connection  with  telephones,  wireless  telephones,  and 
the  transniis.iion  of  graphic  and  acoustic  signa's,  to  car  y  (n  the  busine-s  of 
electricians,  manufacturers,  generators,  accumulators  and  suppliers  of  elec- 
tricity and  clectricil  energy  f^  r  lighting,  beating,  telegraphic  and  telephonic 
comniunif  ati'ns,  telegraphists,  pioprieltrs  and  managers  of  le  ephone  and 
tiUgraph  works,  lines,  synteras,  stations  and  excl  angts,  lic.  The  subscribers 
(witli  one  share  each)  are  :— E.  Ronaldion,  4,  Branaville  Ri  ad.  West  Dravton, 
dirictor;  P.  Airris,  145,  East  Uulwich  Grive,  S.E.,  clerk;  F.  A.  Cobn,  Holy- 
ro-d,  Brudenell  Road,  Upper  Tooting,  8  W.,  lioguis'j.  F.  Chanipness.  131, 
Fanshawe  Avenue,  Barking,  clerk  ;  Lilian  Ford,  77,  Ruskin  Avenue,  Manor 
Park,  E  ,  cle.k;  J.  Ranks.  91,  Alberta  Street,  Kennington,  S  E.,  clerk:  A.  F. 
Na'ih,  31,  Matham  Grove,  iiast  Uulwich,  S.E.,  seereary.  Minimum  casli  snb- 
scription.  seven  s-hares  1  lie  number  of  direct- rs  is  nit  to  be  bss  than  two 
or  m  rre  than  seven;  the  subscribers  are  tr  appnint  the  first :  H.  Bricnn,  of  62, 
London  Wall.  E.G.,  is  the  first  secretary;  quahfication,  £1;  remuneration, 
£150  each  per  annum  (cl>airman,  £200),  and  a  percentage  of  the  profits. 
Directors'  borrowing  powers  resricted  to  the  nominal  amonnt  of  the  com- 
pany's capitil  tor  the  time  being.  Regis.ered  by  F,  Aitris,  62,  London  Wall, 
E.C 

tJlobe  Associated  Cal)lc  and  Telesrrapljic  Co.,  Ltd.  (I29,J66). 

— This  company  was  regi.^tered  on  June  Dtli,  with  a  capital  of  £15,000  in 
12.500  preference  tliarcs  ol  £1  each,  and  50,(I0U  ordinary  shares  of  Is.  each,  to 
cirry  on  and  exicnd  the  business  of  cab  e  and  telegraphic  services  as  formerly 
carried  on  by  tlie  Universal  Cable  Code  (Parent)  Co.,  Ltd,  at  20  23,  Boib-m, 
E.C.  The  subscribers  are  :  —  W.  Newman,  20,  Holborn,  EC,  secretary,  260 
preference  shares  ;  H.  Palmer,  Greenwood,  Bushey,  Herts,  assistant  manager 
to  Cable  Services,  200  preference  shares;  J.  P.  Bal  ard,  24,  Egniont  Avenue, 
Surbiton,  private  secretary,  150  preference  shares  ;  W.  G.  Godber.  33,  Braemar 
Avenue,  Wood  Green,  N.,  supervisor,  150  preference  shares  ;  D.  S.  Carlisle, 
114,  Palace  Gates  Road,  Alexandra  Park,  N.,  supervisor,  150  preference 
shares;  B.  A.  Biddulph,  11a,  Frederick  Koad,  Chingford,  superintendent  of 
representatives,  150  preference  shares ;  F.  E.  Grifflths,  59,  Ramuz  Drive, 
Westcliffon-Sea,  supervisor,  liiO  preference  fliires.  Private  company  The 
number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  seven  ;  the  sub. 
ecibers  are  to  appoint  the  first.  W.  Newman  is  the  first  secretary;  qualili- 
cation  (except  first  directors),  500  shares.  Registered  office,  Ualion  House, 
20  23,  Holborn,  E.C. 

Continuous    Reaction    Co.,    Ltd.  (12!),54(i).— This   company 

was  registered  on  Jui:c  12. b,  with  a  capital  of  £16,.500in  30,000  shares  of  lOs, 
each,  and  311,000  shares  of  Is  each,  to  cmry  on  the  business  of  concentrators, 
smelters,  reoucers  and  treaters  of  ores  manufacturers  of  electrical  or  other 
furnaces  for  smelting  or  other  pjrp^'ses,  Ac  ,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with 
W.  B  Ballantine  and  U.  C.  Lee.  The  subscribers  (with  one  preference  share 
each)  are  :— W.  B.  Ballantine.  5,  Brunswick  Court,  Hove,  metallurgist;  D.  C. 
Leo,  4,  Paper  Hui'diDgs,  Temple,  E.C,  barrister.  Private  company.  The 
number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  three  or  more  than  five  :  the  sub 
scribers  are  to  appoint  the  first;  qualification,  £50;  remuneration  £150  each 
per  annum.  Registered  by  Asburst,  Morris,  Crisp  &  Co.,  17,  ThrogmortoD 
Avenue,  E.C. 

Mudie's  Electrical  Co.,  Ltd.  (l29,B4f>).— This  company  was 

registered  on  June  12tb,  with  a  capital  of  £1,500  in  £1  shares,  to  take  over  the 
buoiness  of  a  manufacturing  electrician  and  electrical  engineer,  carried  on  by 
A.  B.  Mudie  at  117,  Shetb  irne  Road,  Balsall  Heath,  Birmir  gham,  as  "  Mudie'l 
KlectiiCHl  Oo."  The  snh.scribers  (with  one  share  each)  are;-A.  B  Mudie, 
117,  Sherborne  Road,  Balsall  Heath,  Birniingbaiii,  mechanical  engineer;  H.  Ai 
Pepper,  14,  Temple  Street,  Birmingham,  chartered  accountant.  Private 
company.  The  number  of  directors  is  not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than 
five  .  the  first  are  A.  B.  Mudie  and  H.  A.  Pepper  (both  permanent);  qualifica- 
tion, £100;  solicitors.  Rowlands  &  Co.,  41.  Temple  How,  Birmingham.  Regis- 
tered by  Waterlow  Bros.  &  Layton,  Ltd  ,  Birchin  Lane,  K.C. 

Magneta  Guarantee  Syndicate,  Ltd.  (129  585)  —This  company 

was  registered  on  June  14th,  with  a  capital  of  £12,250  in  11,000  ordinary 
.■•hares  of  £1  each,  and  2.'),0()0  deferred  ►hares  of  Is.  each,  to  cany  on  the  busi- 
ness of  financiers,  Cumpany  promoters,  stock  and  share  brokers,  concession-.! 
sires,  contractors,  constructors  and  controllers  of  roads,  tramwavn,  lelegrapblir 
telephcnes,  electrical  woiks.  Ac.,  and  to  adopt  an  agretnieni  with  W.  Holl. 
The  subscribers  (with  one  sbaie  each)  are  :— F.  B.  Turner,  35,  UartmoDtb 
Park  Road,  Higbgate  Road,  N.W.,  solicitor;  H.  W.  Pollard,  24,  Aberdeen 
Road,  Highbury,  N.,  clerk.  Private  company.  The  number  of  directors  is 
not  to  be  less  than  two  or  more  than  five;  the  subscribers  are  to  appoint  the 
flri't ;  qualification  (except  first  directors,  who  require  none),  100  shares  > 
remuneration,  £60  each  per  annum  (chairman,  £75),  and  5  per  cent,  of  the  net 
profits  divisible,    Peg'ntered  by  Bpyer  A-  Sonfl,  Au«tin  Friars  Rouse,  K,C, 


I 


11 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,s,m;,  Junk  20,  l!)i:!.] 


THE    ELECTRTCATi    REVIEW. 


]o:u 


OrFICIAL    RETURNS    OP    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


Asltpstos     and     Asbcstic     (;«.,     L<(1.--  T>pn<\    of     hypothio 

mnrtit:i>(<>  Htid  trust,  o.tnciiluil  Hlinmil,  nii<l  date  I  April  !3.'ith,  lUl.'l,  to  aeoure 
$IU)(),(UII),  Phiii'k'iid  on  minuH,  iiiiiiliiK  pntpnny  mid  rliditii,  biiildiiiRa  and 
inikoliliuiry,  i<i«,,  in  Rhlploii,  C>inn,dit.     HolduiH  :   Hoyiti  TiuhC  Co.,  Montro»l. 

Rciidiii};  Elo«'lrlc,  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  (:<r.,f,r) l).— Return  dated 
Ap'il  lAih,  lUIII.  (Vipitiil  JllMniM  ill  li>  NliiiioH.  2'J,4'jr>  eliiirog  taken  up. 
i.'ll7/l7r>  paid.     MortKaKi'H  mill  chark-  H  :  i;6U,UUJ. 

I'ani  Klcctrlc,  HiiilMays  and  Inirlitinp  Co.,  Ltd.  fSB.SC.S).— 

Return  datud  Maroli  lltb,  I'Ji:)  CHpitni  i;7HilK):l  m  X'fi  aliHreR  (7H.000pref.  and 
7rt,lX)0  onl.i.  (11,000  prcf.  and  7H,0()U  ord.  »li*ri'H  lak.n  up.  i.')  por  uliaro  oalled 
upon  ,5,000  pref  and  eight  ordinary.  X  jfi  04U  paid.  X'('<HI,<J(iO  coniiiderud  aa 
p»ld  on  59,000  pret.  and  77,'Ji)J  ord,  MoitKaBos  and  cliargea ;  i'(i84.2'J0  5  per 
cent,  flrdt  debenturn  stoclt. 

Johnson-Itillin^ton  IMet'trldty  .Molcrs,  Lid.— Particulars  of 

£S00  debcnturee,  oroaiud  March  Urd.  ItlMI,  lii.^d  purnuaiit  to  8eo.  9t)  (9)  of  the 
Companl«8'  (Consolidation)  Act,  1008,  tlio  urn  >u>it  »(  tlie  present  issue  being 
£300.  Property  cliargod  :  The  ooiupany's  undertaking  and  property,  prcaent 
and  future,  including  unc  tiled  capital.    No  trustees. 

Vorkshirc  (West  Rftlin.-)  Klcctric  Trnniwiiys    ("o.,   Ltd. 

(Hl,l()7|.-Koturn  dated  Pi-bruaiy  14i,h,  lOlli ;  CHpir.al.  iliUO.OOO  in  £5  Hharee  ; 
87,aa8  shares  taken  up  ;  i'i:)(i,lOO  paid.     MoitgaijOb  and  charges,  i:i75,0U0. 

Premier    Aroiimiilator    Co.,    Ltd.    (y(;,l2i).— Return    dated 

April  .'lid.  191:1;  capital,  i'i5,00J  in  21, !iO0  paiticipiiing  pref.  shares  of  £1  each, 
and  10,000  oid  shares  of  Is.  t-ach;  9  8:12  pr.  f.  and  10,000  ord.  thaios  taken  up; 
i.'l  per  share  called  upon  1,321,  10s  on  (JOO,  and  6s.  on  1,511 ;  £'.1,024  (is.  paid; 
£7,000  considered  as  paid  ou  10,100  ord.  and  6,500  pref.  Mortgages  and 
charges:  Nil. 

Unlver.-Jal  Cable  Code  (Parent)  Co.,  Ltd.— Mortgrntje  deben- 
ture da'ed  April  iiOth,  1913,  to  securo  £'2  5u0.  cbarped  on  the  company's  under- 
taking and  property,  present  and  future,  incliidiug  uncalled  capital.  Holder: 
W.  Newman,  Halton  House,  Holboru,  tl.C, 

Chelsea  Eleetrieity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.  (20,458).— Retnm  dated 

March  'itlth,  191:!.  Capilal,  f  IOO,UOO  in  £:>  shares  (6,000  pref  ),  49,436  ord.  and 
6,000  pref  shares  taken  up;  £'>  per  uhare  called  up  on  37.770  ord  and  6,000 
pref. ;  i'aiS.RW  paid  ;  i'  H,.-),*  oonsiaered  a;,  paid  on  11,666  ord.  Mortgagts  and 
charges :  i;i7.'),000  debenture  stock. 

Broinpton  and  Kensinierton   Eleelricity  Supply  Co.,  Ltd. 

(25  913).— Krtturn  dated  M*rch  a7t"h,  1913.  i  iipital,  ±':^00  000  in  £5  hhares  (20,000 
pref.);  8.468  pref.  and  3l,5:i'i  ord.  shires  taken  up;  £5  per  share  called  up  on 
8,468  pref.  and  30,532  ord.sha'e<;  i:i93,0L0  paid;  £5,000  considered  as  paid  on 
l,000ord.     Mortgages  and  charges  :  Nil. 

Northampton  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.— Issue  on 

May  8th.  I9i3,  cfilOO  debenturts,  pirt  of  a  Series  of  which  particulars  have 
already  been  filed. 

Khondda  Tramways  Co.,  Ltd. — A  memorandum  of  satisfac- 
tion to  the  extent  of  i'7uO  on  May  8r,h,  1913,  of  charges  dated  March  24th,  1911, 
and  November  13iih,  1912,  securing  £240,100,  has  been  filed. 

Metalite,  Ltd. — Mort^agre  dated  April  3()th,  but  executed  on  May 
23rd,  19H(a8  verified  by  statutory  declirationl,  to  secure  £I,:M6.  charged  on 
land  at  Osmaston,  U  rby,  with  factory,  w  rRfhop  and  buildings  thereon,  with 
fixtures,  &c.,  therein,  and  the  company's  undertaking  and  property,  present 
and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.  Holders:  U.  B.  Uolding,  Cambridge, 
and  .J.  McUougal,  Wednesbuiy. 

Eieetrom(»biIe  (;o.,  Ltd.— Particulars  of  £6,000  debentures, 
created  May  19ib,  and  secured  by  trust  deed  and  land  registry  charge  both 
dated  May  2i)th,  1913,  filed  pursuaat  to  Kec.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies' (Consoli- 
dation) Act,  1918;  the  amount  of  the  pr.js'-nt  issue  being  i'i.OOO.  Property 
charged:  Land  in  paricli  of  Ht.  George,  Hanover  tquare  W,  with  buildings 
erected  thereon,  93  electromobile  cairing.s  and  cjmpany's  other  assets, 
present  and  future,  included  uncalled  capital.    Trustee  :  U.  Fletcher. 

Lamploil^tl  &  Sons,  Ltd.  (in  liquidation). — A  memorandum 
of  snitfactioii  in  full  on  February  1st,  1913,  of  mortgage  dated  October  29th, 
1912,  securing  £200,  has  been  filed. 

Mills,  Eng'li'>ll  &  Co.,  Ltd. — A  memorandum  of  satisfaction 
to  tha  extpnt  of  £3,000,  on  Mny  31st,  19l:i,  of  first  mortgage  debenture,  dated 
November  3i'd,  19U4,  securing  £8,0J0,  his  bjen  filed. 

Lancashire  Power  Construction   Co.,  Ltd.— Particulars  of 

£100.000  5  per  cent,  prior  lien  debeutur.  s,  created  April  Woh,  1913,  and  secured 
by  trust  deeds  dated  April  27ih,  1911,  and  May  29  h,  1913,  filed  pursuant  to 
Bee.  93  (3)  of  the  Companies'  (Consolidatiiii)  Ant,  1908,  ihe  whole  amount  being 
now  issued.  Property  charged:  Certain  di-beiiture  stock  and  shares  in 
Lancashire  Klectric  Power  ^  o.,  and  the  company's  undertaking  and  property, 
present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capicai,  ranking  pani  p(vi»u  with 
£30,000  existing  bonds.  Truhtees  :  S.  C  Boulter,  41,  Threadneeule  Street, 
E.C;  and  N.  Spens,  1213,  Nicholas  L,ane,  E.G. 

James  Keith  &   lilncliman  Co.,    Ltd. — A"  memorandum  of 

satisfaction  in  full  on  M^y  15, h,  1913,  of  dtbenrures,  dated  March  10th  and 
December  Sth,  1903,  and  May  I9th,  1910.  securing  £750,  has  been  filed. 

Issue  ou  May  30th,  1913,  of  £100  debentures,  part  of  a  series  of  which  par- 
ticulars have  been  filed. 


CITY    NOTES. 


We  are  glad  to  note  an  improvement  in  the 
B.E.T.  Report,  condition  of  this  company  since  our  criticisms 
during:  the  past  few  years.  The  report  for 
the  financial  year  ended  March  31 -t,  1913,  which  was 
adopted  at  last  Monday's  meeting',  exhibits  a  satisfactory 
increase  on  the  credit  side  of  the  revenue  account,  at  £210,880 
(described  as  "gross  profit'),  compared  with  the  previous  year, 
the  result  of  the  year's  operatioQS  enabling  the  directors  to 
satisfy  the  6  per  cent,  dividend  on  the  cumulative  preference  stock 
and  3  per  cent,  for  the  year  on  the  7  per  cent,  non-cumulative 
preference  stock  ;  the  preferred  ordinary,  the  deferred  ordinary, 
and  the  holders  of  £2.'56,371  non-interest  bearing  income  certiflcatea 
redwwable  out  of  profits,  only  looking  into  8pa(5e,  The  position  is  ;— 


Iticomo  for  tho  year 
l')«penHeK 


Dobonture  intnrcRt  ... 

Araount»  written  off  anil  rcHcrvcd 

Amount  brought  into  the  account 

Dividends,  alluded  to  above         

Amount  carried  forward  to  next  account 


£12,493 


Some  £23,000  of  the  'i  per  cent,  and  IJ  per  cent,  debenture  st-cks 
has  been  purchased  and  cancelled  during  the  year  under  review, 
which  is  a  favourable  feature,  but  probably  unHatinfactory  to  the 
late  holders,  since  the  purchases  have  yielded  to  the  company  a 
profit  (difference  between  nominal  amount  and  purchase  price)  of 
£1,3()7,  which  has  been  added  to  the  reserve.  Included  in  the 
£17,r.'52  indicated  in  our  stntement,  is  £40,000  reserved  in  respect 
of  investments  and  undertakings,  and  £1,000  written  off  goodwill, 
which  latter  item  now  disappears  from  the  balance-sheet.  Perhaps 
the  outstanding  item  on  the  liabilities  side  of  the  balance  sheet  is 
a  mortgage  on  Federation  Offices,  Kingsway.  of  £20,000. 

Investments  appear  in  the  balance-sheet  at  £5.109.t>31.  Thoee 
standing  in  the  books  at  £  1.3."i.s.i  17  did  not  yield  any  return  in 
respect  of  the  year,  the  amount  of  the  non-yielding  return  invest- 
ments for  the  previous  year  lieing  l!  l..'ilS..".7!i.  Investments  stand- 
ing in  the  books  at  £.i,7."il..")i:i.  yielded  an  average  of  ri'2  per  cent., 
a  slight  improvement  upon  111!  1-12,  At  the  date  of  the  accounts 
there  are  uncalled  liabilities  on  the  investments  amounting  to 
£  100. 7S().  The  auditors  report  that  securities  standing  in  the  books 
at  £9(U, 4.-1.1,  which  had  published  values,  or  were  dealt  in  on  the 
London  Stock  Exchange  at  March  3 1st.  UH3  showed  a  depreciation. 
at  middle  prices,  of  £214. .M  1,  and  that  they  are  unable  to  form  an 
opinion  of  the  value  of  the  remaining  investments.  Schedule  II — 
Dividend  and  interest  (receivable  in  cash)  from  investments  for  the 
year  ended  March.  l'.U3.  is  not  of  value,  since  it  does  not  disclose 
the  amount  of  shares  and/or  debentures  and  rates  in  each  case 
whilst  the  expense  of  printing  Schedule  IV.  which  represents 
amounts  set  aside  by  associated  companies  for  reserves,  including 
balances  of  profit  carried  forward,  might  be  avoided,  as  the  state- 
ment, as  at  present  prepared,  is  also  valueless. 

Amounts  due  to  the  company  by  associated  companies  and  others. 
less  a  reserve  of  £35,207,  total  £164, .392,  a  figure  which  is  still  too 
large. 

During  the  year  there  was  a  profit  on  the  sale  of  investments  of 
£i),115,  but  there  were  losses  on  sale  or  realisation  of  investments 
and  sundry  investments  written  off  totalling  £124,7.5!^,  all  of  which 
have  been  dealt  with  in  the  reserve,  which  now  stands  at  £.5.52,457, 
and  which  appears  in  the  balance-sheet  in  reduction  of  the  items  of 
investments  and  undertakings.  From  the  report,  the  B.E.T.  are 
still  looking  out  for  openings  abroad,  though  not  neglecting  any 
suitable  home  outlets  which  may  be  discovered,  or  which  may 
present  themselves. 


Narconi  Russian  Co.  of  Wireless  Telegraphs  and 

Telephones. — This  company  met  in  St.  Peter.iburg  or:  May  31st. 
Mr.  M.  G.  Sdlberg  read  the  directors'  report,  which  showed  great 
improvement  for  the  year,  with  a  gross  profit  of  2.50,189  roubles, 
as  compared  with  62  850  roubles  in  the  previous  year.  After 
making  provision  for  reserve,  depreciation,  &c,,  a  dividend  of  6  per 
cent,  is  paid  on  1,800,000  roubles.  The  full  report  appears  in  the 
Times  for  Wednesday  last. 

Montreal  Lig:ht,  Heat  and  Power   Co. — Dividend, 

2 J  per  cent,  for  the  quarter  ended  July  Slst  (10  per  cent,  per 
annum),  as  compared  with  2}  per  cent,  last  year. 

Reduction  of  Capital. — A  petition  to  the  Court  to  con- 
firm the  reduction  of  the  capital  of  Messrs.  Bayliss,  Jones  and 
Bayliss,  Ltd.,  from  £400,000  to  £25o,00o,  is  to  be  heard  in  London 
on  July  4lh. 

Aron  Electricity  Meter,  Ltd. — The  directors  are  stated 

to  have  declared  a  dividend  of  7  per  cent,  for  the  past  year. 

Siemens  Brothers  &  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors  (says 

the  Finiincicy),  have  declared  a  dividend  of  4  per  cent.  (48.  per 
share)  for  the  year  to  December  iUst,  £1,489  being  carried 
forward. 

Japanese  Electrical  Dividends. — The  Tokyo  Electric 

Light  Co.  is  declaring  a  dividend  of  10  per  cent,  for  the  last  half- 
year,  the  Yokohama  Electric  Light  Co.  one  of  12  per  cent.,  find  thei 
Tokyo-Naritft  Electric  Tramway  Po.  one  of  5  per  cent. 


1032 


■IHE     SLEGTRICAI.     EEYEEW,         [Vol.  -2.    No.  l.Sr.S,  June  20,  1913. 


Alaniinium  Corporation,  Ltd. 

Mr.  Kenketii  M.  Clakk  presided  at  the  meetiner  of  this  com- 
pany held  at  Salisbury  House,  E.C  ,  on  Monday.  In  movin?  the 
adoption  of  the  report  (see  Elec.  Rev.,  pagre  990,  he  referred 
to  the  addition  of.  £lii,000  second  mortfrasre  debentuies,  £fi,oOii  of 
which  had  been  paid  up  at  the  date  of  the  accounts,  the  whole 
amonnt  beinfj  an  explained  last  year,  provided  by  himself  to  enable 
the  company  to  remove  its  carbon  works  from  Wallsend  to 
Djlg-arrosr.  There  had  been  an  addition  of  £  13, 8.">7  to  the  capital 
account.  This  consisted  of  £4,997  spent  on  the  erection  and  equip- 
ment of  a  laboratory  at  Doltrarrogr.  additions  to  the  hydraulic  works, 
power  house  and  reduction  works,  wharf  and  tramway,  togrether 
with  certain  preparatory  work  in  connection  with  a  cansl  from  the 
river  to  the  works,  and  a  tunnel  to  connect  the  Dutyn  water  to  the 
present  lake.  Also  additions  to  the  rolling  stock  and  the  purchase 
of  certain  neces-tary  freehold  land,  buildiufrs  and  water  riprhts. 
£7.S84  had  been  expended  to  the  date  of  the  accounts  on  the 
erection  and  equipment  of  the  new  carbon  works  and  Mendheim 
farnace  at  Dolgrarrop.  £92.S  had  been  spent  in  buying  a  site  and 
building  a  new  bauxite  store  at  St.  Raphael,  and  making  some  new 
roads,  together  with  extensions  and  improvements  found 
necessary  at  St.  Rirnabe  Mine.  The  new  laboratory 
at  Dolgarrog  had  proved  a  very  great  advantage  to  the  com- 
pany. A  number  of  new  furnaces  had  b^en  erected  in  the  reduction 
works,  and  it  had  been  decided  to  proceed  with  the  construction  of 
the  tunnel  necessary  to  connect  the  Dulyn  water  to  the  company's 
present  lake,  as  the  directors  felt  confident  that  they  could  dis- 
pose of  the  increased  metal  output  which  would  be  obtained  thereby 
upon  a  profitable  basis.  The  erection  and  equipment  of  the  new 
carbon  works  was  taken  vigorously  in  hand  in  the  latter  part  of 
last  year,  and  very  considerable  progre?8  made,  but,  unfortunately, 
during  the  spring  of  this  year,  when  completion  was  expected,  it 
was  found  impossible  to  obtain  deliveries  of  material  from  the 
manufacturers,  an  experience  which  was  shared  by  every  other 
trader,  and  there  still  remained  some  two  or  three  weeks'  work  to 
be  done  before  the  new  furnaces  could  actually  be  started  up,  but 
the  benefits'  that  they  would  obtain  from  this  up-to-date  plant 
would  more  than  compensate  for  all  the  anxiety  and  worry  that 
the  work  had  caused.  The  bauxite  oncessions  in  France  would  prove 
of  great  value  to  the  company.  Under  the  heading  of  "  Invest- 
ment account ''  there  was  a  decrease  of  £14,900.  This  had  been 
caused  by  the  sale  to  the  Britiih  Aluminium  Co.  of  15,000  shares 
in  the  Bauxite  Refining  C"..  and  was  looked  upon  by  the  directors 
as  a  most  satisfactory  arrangement.  The  works  of  the  Bauxite 
Refining  Co.  were  designed  very  much  in  excess  of  the  capacity 
of  Dolgarrog,  and,  in  consequence,  it  was  found  extremely 
difficult  to  run  these  alumina  works  at  a  reasonable  cost, 
when  only  half  the  output  could  be  consumed.  In  con- 
junction with  the  British  Aluminium  Co.  they  were  at 
present  engaged  in  considerably  extending  the  bauxite  works,  and 
as  soon  as  these  extensions  were  completed,  they  would  have 
secured  to  this  corporation  a  supply  of  alumina  of  a  quality,  and 
at  a  price,  it  was  quite  impos.^ible  for  them  to  obtain  under  the  old 
conditions.  Preliminary  expenses  they  hoped  to  deal  with  in  the 
near  future.  They  brought  forward  a  debit  balance  of  £9,989 
last  year,  to  which  had  been  added  £3.745,  the  adverse  balance 
on  the  Bauxite  Refining  Co.,  for  which  under  agreement  this 
corporation  was  liable.  The  7  per  cent,  dividend  on  the  prefer- 
ence stock  became  cumulative  in  the  year  under  review,  and  the 
directors  regretted  that  it  had  not  been  possible  for  them  to  earn  a 
sufficient  profit  to  meet  this  charge.  They,  however,  felt  that, 
in  allowing  only  two  years  for  the  bringing  of  this  very  compli- 
cated and  diiBcult  manufacturing  concern  into  full  bearing,  the 
time  was  short  enough,  but  they  hoped  on  the  next  occasion  of 
meeting  to  show  a  more  satisfactory  result.  It  was  satisfactory 
that  a  net  profit  was  shown  this  year,  but  this  could  only  be 
regarded  as  a  start,  and  the  figures  must  be  very  considerably 
increased  before  they  could  be  considered  in  ary  way  satisfactory. 
With  regard  to  the  future,  he  had  very  great  faith  in  the  market 
price  of  aluminium  being  maintained  at  a  reasonable  figure,  but 
their  first  and  essential  necessity  was  the  increase  in  the  output. 
They  had  had  many  difficulties,  but  the  outlook  was  very 
encouraging,  and  they  now  considered  that  the  company  was  about 
to  become  a  successful  trading  concern. 
The  report  was  adopted. 


Edison  &  Swan  United  Electric  Light  Co.,  Ltd.— 

The  meeting  of  the  first  debenture-holders  was  held  on  Wednesday 
to  consider  the  resolutions,  already  referred  to  in  these  columns. 
Mr.  Ellice  Clarke  presided.  Mr.  Lea  Smith  said  he  opposed  the 
entire  scheme,  and  after  discussion  the  resolutions  were  carried  by 
9  votes  ti  8.  Mr.  Lea  Smith  then  demanded  a  poll,  and  it  was 
annonnced  that  the  result  would  be  declared  to-day  (Friday).  A 
meeting  of  the  second  debentures  was  suhse()uently  held,  when  the 
resolutions  were  carried  with  one  dissentient.  Our  report  of  the 
proceedings  will  appeal-  next  week. 

James  Keith  &  Blncknian  Co.,  Ltd. — Dividend    on 

ordinary  shares  10  per  cent,  per  annum  for  past  year,  with  £9,immi 
put  to  reser/e  and  £3,55(i  carried  forward.  BuiiinesB  done  exceeds 
that  of  any  previous  year. 

Sheernessand  District  Electric  Power  and  Tr.iction 

Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  December  3lBt 
showed  a  total  revenue  of  £1I,0G5.  After  meeting  debenture 
interest  and  other  charges  the  net  profit  is  £783,  and  the  debit 
balance  brought  forward  is  converted  into  a  credit  of  £329. 


German  Sooth  American  Teleprraph  Co. 

The  report  for  1912  of  the  Deutsch-Sadamerikanische  Telegraphen 
Gesellschaft,  of  Cologne,  states  that  the  company's  activity  was 
mainly  devoted  to  the  securing  of  agencies  in  South  America  in 
order  to  obtain  as  large  a  share  as  possible  of  the  telegraph  traffic 
to  Europe.  The  results  were  very  gratifying,  as  the  traffic  con- 
siderably increased  in  both  directions  and  already  exceeded  the 
original  anticipations,  although  the  greater  activity  naturally 
involved  larger  expenses.  A  further  satisfactory  development  of 
business  had  taken  place  in  the  new  financial  year.  The  cable 
station  in  Liberia  was  not  affected  by  the  political  unrest,  and  the 
erection  of  a  cable  station  for  the  company's  account  at  Pernam- 
buco  had  been  commenced.  As  is  known,  the  banking  group 
closely  associated  with  the  company  held  80  per  cent,  of  the  share 
cupital  of  the  Compsnia  Telegrafico-Telefonica  del  Plata,  of  Buenos 
Ayre.^,  which  was  only  able  to  pay  5  per  cent,  in  consequence  of 
additional  expenses  due  in  part  to  transitory  causes.  Neverthelew", 
the  gross  receipts  of  the  latter  in  1912  seemed  better  than  those 
for  1911,  having  regard  to  the  reduction  of  telegraphic  rates  in 
May,  1912.  The  negotiations  for  the  extension  of  the  South 
American  Co.'s  cable  from  Monrovia,  ri<i  Lome  (Togoland)  to 
Dnala  in  the  Cameroons  were  concluded,  and  the  new  cable  was 
brought  into  use  on  January  19th,  191.'!,  thus  raising  the  total 
length  of  the  cables  to  7,7<;2  miles.  Xew  shares  of  £125,000  and 
debentures  for  £192,500  were  issued  to  defray  the  cost  of  this  ex- 
tension. The  total  receipts  from  traffic  and  interest  amounted  to 
£lf)K,000  in  1912,  as  compared  with  £150,000  in  1911.  After 
making  provision  for  working  expenses  and  interest  charges  on 
loans,  and  placing  £8,60O  to  the  cable  redemption  fund,  as  against 
£6,000  in  1911,  the  accounts  show  net  profits  of  £54,000,  as  con- 
trasted with  £49,000,  It  is  intended  to  pay  a  dividend  oiE  «-5  per 
cent,  on  share  capital  of  £500,000,  this  comparing  with  i)  per  cent, 
in  1911. 


I 


Narconi  International  Marine  Communication 
Co.,  Ltd. 

The  directors  report  that  the  business  has  continued  to  show  very 
satisfactory  progress  during  the  year  ended  December,  1912.  The 
net  profit  amounted  to  .£24,43(i,  after  deducting  £10,781  for  depre- 
ciation and  allowing  for  debenture  interest,  as  compared  with 
£15,028  in  the  preceding  year.  The  revenue  from  ships'  t^'le- 
grams,  tralfi';,  subsidies,  &c,,  amounts  to  £100.325,  again  show  a 
substantial  increase  over  the  amount  of  £64,160  for  the  year  1911, 
and  £40,53i;  for  the  year  1910.  Some  further  indication  of  the 
substantial  development  of  the  company's  business  is  shown  by  the 
number  of  telegraph  stations  owned  and  worked  by  the  company 
on  l)oard  ships  on  the  high  seas,  the  number  of  which  increased 
from  250  at  the  end  of  1910  to  3.">0  on  December  Slst,  1911,  and  on 
December  31.st,  1912,  the  actual  number  of  stations  in  work  had 
increased  to  580.  To  the  present  date  progress  continues  on  much 
the  same  scale,  the  number  of  ships  actually  equipped  by  this  com- 
pany being  686,  and  considerable  additional  orders  are  in  hand. 
There  are  now  some  1,700  s-hips  of  different  nations,  exclusive  of 
ships  of  war,  fitted  with  Marconi  wireless  stations.  With  every 
prospect  of  the  company's  business  continuing  to  show  further 
substantial  development,  for  which  additional  capital  will  be 
required,  it  is  the  intention  of  the  directors  in  the  early  future  to 
place  a  further  portion  of  the  unissued  capital,  and  this  in  the 
first  instance  will  be  offered  to  the  shareholders.  The  directors 
now  recommend  the  payment  of  a  dividend  for  the  year  1912  at 
the  rate  of  10  per  cent.,  which  will  absorb  £20,105,  and 
allocate  £3,500  to  the  repayment  of  debenture  account,  leaving 
£3.142  to  be  carried  forward. 


Marconi  Wireless  Telejrraph  Co.,  of  America.— Tlie 

report  for  the  year  ended  January  Slst,  1913,  shows  a  profit  of 
$211,245.  A  dividend  of  2  per  cent,  is  announced.  The  annual 
meeting  was  held  in  Jersey  City  on  Monday,  and  a  report  of  the 
proceedings  appeared  in  the  Tiiups  on  Wednesday. 

Credenda  Condaits  Co.,   Ltd. — J'he  directors'  report 

for  the  four  months  ended  April  30th  states  (says  the  FiTiancial 
Tiiiirs)  that  the  profit,  after  providing  for  repairs,  depreciatio 
directors'  fees  and  reserve  for  income-tax,  amounts  to  £2,401 
After  writing  off  stamp  duties  on  registration  and  transfer,  £467 
there  remains  a  balance  of  £2,003.  The  directors  recommend  a 
dividend  at  the  rate  of  f<  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  ordinary 
shares  for  the  four  months,  carrying  forward  £670. 

The  directors  of  Tubes,  Ltd.,  mention  in  their  report  that  last 
December  they  decided  todisposeof  their  electrical  conduit  busineM, 
and  in  January  a  company  was  formed  with  a  capital  of  £50,000, 
of  which  £30,000  was  offered  to  the  public,  the  remaining  £20,000 
being  retained  in  shares  by  Tabes,  Ltd. 

Prospectus. — Bus/on,  Proctor  <{■  ('o..  Lid. — The  list 
of  applications  is  to  close  next  Monday  in  an  issue  of  100,000 
ordinary  shares  of  £1  each.  The  turnover  of  the  business  con- 
tinues to  increase,  and  the  volume  of  trade  is  bigger  than  ever 
before,  rendering  additional  capital  necessary.  For  the  last  sev 
years  the  ordinary  dividend  has  been  8  i>er  cent,  per  annum. 

Winnipejf    Electric    Railway    Co.  —  The    director'' 

announce  a  dividend  at  the  rate  of  3  per  cent,  for  the  quarter 
ending  June  30th. 


Vol.  72.    No.  l.S.-.fi,  Junk  20,  191  :t. 


THR    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


1088 


Itritisli  Eli'ctric  Traction  (o.,  Ltd. 

Mu.  K.  Oakokl  (obairinanj  premdoil  iit  tlio  llolhoni  RoHtaurant 
on  Monday  over  the  Buvonttunth  ordinary  ^fncrul  nioi-tiij)(  of  the 
ubivH  0'>m()!iny. 

The   Cii.MKMAN,    in    movinsr   the   Bdnptinn   of   the  report  (nee 
Elkctkicai.  Ukvikw,   patre  WK,),   nai<l    tliat  at    thti    luMt  annual 
meetinjir  ho  h((ld  out  the  hope  that  tho  company  would  in  future  con- 
tinue to  make  steady  protfrfsH,  and  he  was  i^lad  to  bi;  able  on  thin 
occasion  to  offer  them  a  further  instalment  towards  fultiluient  of  this 
promise.   The  not  profit  made  in  the  year  was  .C1n'.),712.   The  result 
of  the  year's  workinur  was  better  than  that  of  the  year  before,  but  the 
increase  in  profits  was  not  as  ijreat  as  they  had   hoped  it  would  be, 
cousidoriiitr  that  they  had  done  more  work,  that  was  to  say,  carried 
more  passeneors  per  route  mile,  and  had  earned  more  trross  receipts 
per  route  mile,  and  had  sold  a  larjrer  number  of  units  of  electricity  ; 
in   other    words,   the  net  profits  had    not   increased    in    the  same 
ratio   as   the   press   receipts.      The   explanation   of  this  fact  was 
piven  in  the  report.     Labour  troubles  were  likely  to  continue.     The 
return  on  the  investments  had   steadily   improved  durinjj  the  last 
five  years.     For   \'.MS  it  was  2'8  percent.,   for  1!)0'.)  it  was  it  per 
cent.,  for  11)  10  it  was  3'1  per  cent.,  for  liM  I  it  was  H7  per  cent,  and 
for  the  past  year  it  was  4'1  per  cent.     The  proportion  of  the  total 
investments  which  were  yieldinfr  revenue  was  increasing.    The  pro- 
portion of  remunerative  investments  to  the  total  was  now  734  per 
cent.,  compared  with  70't)  per  cent,  in  liill,  (W.'S  per  cent,  in  1910, 
66  (■)  percent,  in  1!)09,  and  5S  j<  per  cent,  in  1908.     Before  recom- 
mending the  payment  of  a  dividend  on  the  7  per   cent,  preference 
stock,  the  directors  had  ag'ain  carefully  weifrhed  the  question  of 
the  depreciation  which  had  taken  place  in  the  assets  of  the  com- 
pany.    The  directors  bad  previously  stated  on    several  cccasions 
that  whilst  s(  me  depreciation  of  the  investments  bad  und(.ubtedly 
taken  place,  such  depreciation  was  not  so  grreat  as  might  be  inferred 
from  the  decline  in  the  matket  prices  of  the  company's  capital,  but 
the  directors  bad  never  before  expressed  even  an  approximate  fif;nre 
which,  in  their  opinion,  represented  the  actual  depreciation  of  the 
investments  and  nndertakinfrs.     He  was  now  in  a  position  to  carry 
the  matter  a  step  further  and  give  the  shareholders  an  idea  of  what 
provision   would   be  necessary  to   meet    this  depreciation.      The 
directors  still  maintained   that  to    make  an  accurate  valuation  of 
each  undertakiBjf  was  practically  impossible,  and,  moreover,  inadvis- 
able, but  every  year  they  were  aciiuirinij  additional  experience  as  to 
the  basis  on   which   thrse  undertakings   would    be  valued  if   and 
when  they  were  taken  over  by  the  local  authorities,  and  several  of 
the  directors  and  the  managers  had  made  separate  estimates  of  the 
probable  value  of   their  undertakings   from  the  point  of  view  of 
their  present  condition   and   future  prospects.       Thei^e    estimates 
necessarily  differed  widely  in  detail,  but  taken  collectively  they  gave 
an   approximation  of   the   aggregate  value   of    the   undertakings. 
In  his  opinion  and  in  that  of  those  directors  who  had  made  such 
estimates,  the  depreciation  of  the  investments,  having  regard  to  the 
reserves  which  had  been  made  by  the  Associated  Companies  them- 
selves, could  be  met  by  the  existing  reserves  of  this  company  supple- 
mented by  a  turn  which  approximated  to  between  itwo-thirds  and 
three  quarters  of  a  million  pounds,  but  the  board  as  such  had  not 
come  to  any  definite  decision  on  the  figure.     Large  and  regrettable 
though  these  figures  were,  they   were  less  than  one-third  of  the 
present   market    depreciation    of    the    company's    capital.       The 
problem  of  what  was  the  best    way    to    deal    with  this  deprecia- 
tion in  the  book  value  of  the  assets  required  careful  consideration. 
It  was  a  matter  which  was  receiving  the  earnest  consideration  of 
the  directors,   and    they   would    not   hesitate  to   deal  with   the 
situation   at  such  time  and  in  such  manner  as  the  best  interests 
of  the  company  dictated.  The  reserves  of  the  company  at  March  31st 
last  amounted  to  £<11G,756.     They  had  realised  the  Hartlepool  and 
Leamington  undertakings  during  the  past  year,  and  the  deficiency 
in    book  value  on  their  realisation  had    been  debited   to  reserve. 
There  were  other  undertakings  in  the  course  of  realisation,  and  the 
deficiency,  when  ascertained,  would  be  dealt  with  in  the  same  way. 
Investments  which  had  cost  them  £472,994,  were  realised  during 
the  year,  and  new  investments  were  acquired  during  the  year  at 
a  cost  of  £404,185.    It  was  by   changes  of  this  kind  that  they 
hoped  to  still  further  improve  the  position  of  the  company,  for 
it  was  obviously    better  that   investments  yielding  no   return,  or 
which  did  not  possess  the  potentiality  of  improvement,  should  he 
sold,  even  at  a  loss,  and  that  the  proceeds  should  be  re-invested  in 
better  yielding  and  improving  investments.    The  chairman  referred 
to  their  Associated  Company — the  Electrical  and  Industrial  Invest- 
ment Co.    They  had  written  off  the  item  of  "goodwill"  entirely, 
and  had  written  down   to  a  nominal   figure  of   .£1,000  the  past 
expenditure  on  surveys  and  negotiations.     Apart  from  the  question 
of  depreciation,  the  balance-sheet  now  presented  would,  he  feltt 
sure,  be  recognised  as  showing  a  thoroughly  sound  position,  and 
considering  that  they  owed  at  the  date  of  the  balance-sheet  less 
than   £5,000  to   sundry    outside   creditors   while    they  possessed 
between  four  and  five  millions  of  as.sets,  they  were  entitled  to  say 
that  the  financial  position  of  the  company  was  a  strong  one.     They 
had  appointed  Mr.  Dade,  the  former  secre^ry  of  the  company,  and 
Mr.  Howley,  who  formerly  acted  as  chief  inspecting  officer,  as  joint 
managers  of   the  company.    These  two    gentlemen  had  been   for 
many  years  in  the  service  of  the  company  and   had  an  intimate 
knowledge  of  the  business.    Thf  y  were  also  well  served   by  Mr. 
Walmsley,  who  has  been  the  accountant  of  the  company  since  its 
formation,  and  by  the  numerous  other  expert  oflBcers  and  com- 
mittees of  the  Federation.    If  they  looked  through  the  particulars 
and  statistics  of  the  Federation,  they  could  not  fail  to   recognise 
that  most  of  the  companies  were  improving.     Of  course  there  were 
some  undertakings  which  did  not  admit  of  great  improvement,  and 
they  recognised  that  the  right  policy  in  regard  to  these  was  to  sell 
them  when  opportunity  offered,  rather  than  allow  them  to  absorb 


cfTortii  and  enerKioH  which  were  capable  of  Muu   more  profltAblj 
employed  in  oth«fr  directions.     For   tho    lirht  time  for  many  yeara 
tho  ugKreguto  receiptM  and  the  paHit«ni;erH  curried  by  the  Federated 
CoinpunieH   Hliowcd    a  die reiitwi   oh    compared    with    tin;  |iri-':«dinif 
yi'ar,  bul,  this  was  due  to  n  uti:  of  the  liner     (;ity  of   llirioiot'liam, 
Cavetiill,  Leuiiiiiigtoii  and    Wurwii  k,  and    Ilirtli'|>ool,  bu-.  if.i;    bwn 
dii-jxiHcd   of.     it    was,    however,   very  encoii ruling   to  ot^-erve  that 
the  average  receipts   and   pasnengcrH  carried  per  route  mile  nhowtd 
a  steady  increase.     This   might  tje  regorded  an   a  very  Katinfactory 
feature,    for    although     the    rate    of     increase     wan     ar.celeratcd 
by  the  prosperous  condition  of  trade  in  the  country,  they  lielieved 
that  part  of    the  increase  in   wages  which  the  working  man  now 
received,  as  compared  with  a  few  years  ago,  wbh  being  i-{ient  in  the 
more  fruiuent  use  of  the  cais,  anc^thut  a  large  part  of  the  increaoed 
trullic  would   be  maintainid,  even  whfn  a  hettack  took  place  in 
traoe.       The  electricity   supply  side  of  the  buhinets  coutinoed  to 
increai-e   satisfactorily.      Wiih    one   or   two   exceptnonB,   all    their 
electricity    supply    undertakings    showed     a    substantial     increaae 
in  tho   number  of  units  sold.     The  developmf  nt  of  this  branch 
of   the  businets   was   even   surer  than  that  of  the  traction  side. 
They   looked   forward    with    confidence    to    a    steady    increaM   in 
the   returns' from    their    investments     in     these    t-mall    lightioff 
undertakings.       The  report  contained   particulars  of  fcome  of  the 
undertakings  abroad  in  which  they   had    recently  taken  interest, 
and   negotiations   were   pendirg   in   regard  to  others  which  they 
expected  would  mature  in  the  courte  of  the  current  year.       Their 
investment  in   the   Northern  Ontario  Light  and   Power  Co.  was 
showing  a  return  of  .s  per  cent,  on  the  cost,  and  was  expected  to 
improve.      The  Maritime  Coal  Railway  and  Power  Co.  had  in  it, 
they  believed,  the  elements  of  a  profitable  undertakicg.      Their 
representative  was  now  in  Brazil  in  connection  with  their  interests 
there,   and  during  the  past  few   months  he  had,   together   with 
some  of  their  officers,  made  several  visits  to  the  Continent  in  con- 
nection with  new  enterprises.     Another  matter  to  which  he  wishtd 
to  refer  was  the  important  bearing  which  the  advent  of  the  modem 
and  improved  motor-omnibus  had  upon  the  tramnsf^  nndertakicgs 
in  London  aiid    the  provinces,  and  upon  their  business  generally. 
On  the  last  occasion  when  speaking  of  the  metropolitan  electric 
tramways  he  informed  them  that  they  had  decided  to  run  motor- 
omnibuses  through  London  in  connectfon  with  their  tramways,  and 
that    they    had    adopted     this     policy    in     order    to    meet    the 
competition     by    motor  -  omnibuses     on    their    tramway    rentes. 
The     speaker     next     referred     to     the     London    and     Suburban 
Traction    Co.,    Ltd.,  in  which  the  B.E.T.   holding   was  £850,000. 
It  was    too   early    (or   him  to   make    any   definite   statement    in 
regard  to  the  profits  w  hich  they  hoped  to  derive  from  their  invest- 
ment in  this  company,  but  they  had   every  reason  to  expect  that 
the  return   on  their  investment  in   the  London   and    Suburban 
Traction  Co.  would  be  larger  than  it  was  on  the  eeparate  under- 
takings before  the  amaleamation,  and  they  had  no  doubt  whatever 
as  to   the    wisdom  of  the   policy   which    dictated   this   union  of 
interests,  for  the  only  alternative  would  have  been  the  continuance 
and  accentuation  of   a  destructive  competition.    He  had  already 
explained  on  other  occasions  that  the  motor-omnibus  was  a  severe 
competitor  of  the  tramways  in  the  Metropolis,  because  their  tram- 
ways did  not  serve  the  central  parts  of  London  and  the  omnibuses 
were   able   to    overlap    the    tramway    terminal    points.      It    was 
interesting  to  note  in   this  connection   that   the   London  County 
Council  had  agreed  with  the  Metropolitan  Electric  Trumways  Co. 
for  through  running  of  cars  over  tome  lines  of  the  Council  and 
company,  and  so  well  were  these  services  appreciated  by  the  public 
that   it    was    now    proposed    to    extend   the    policy   of    through 
running    to    other    lines.      Tramways    in    the    provinces    were 
not      so      exposed      to      this      danger      of      over-lapping       by 
motor-omnibufes    because     there     the     tramways    radiated    out- 
wards   from   the  centre    of    the  towns.    Nevertheless,  there  was 
also  scope  for  the  employment  of  omnibuses  in  the  provinces  in 
conjunction  with  existing  tramways  and   light  railways,  and  also 
in   districts  which   were   at    present    not    served    by   tramways. 
They   had   constituted   the   British   Automobile  Traction   Co.  for 
the  purpose  of  organising  motor-omnibus  services  wherever  suit- 
able openings  presented  themselves.     It  had    been   said   that  the 
situation  presented  by  this  company — formed  to   promote  electric 
traction — adopting  motor- omnibufes,  was  not  without  its  ironical 
features,  and  that  it  was   a   significant  sign  of  the  ever-changing 
possibilities  of  mechanical  invention,  but  that  was  not  a  complete 
statement.     He  still  considered  that  given  sensible  legislation,  elec- 
tric traction   on   rails  was   capable  of  holding  its  own,  but  the 
feature  which  he  hoped  shareholders  would   recognise  and  appre- 
ciate in  their  new  policy  with  regard  to  motor-omnibuses  was  that 
the  management  of  the  company  was  moving  with  the  times,  and 
was  alert  to  take  advantage  of  any  opportunity  which  might  present 
itself  to  compensate  for  past  misfortunes  and  improve  their  future 
prospects.      In  conclusion,   he    referred   to    changes  which    had 
been     made     in     the    constitution    of    the     British     Electrical 
Friendly    Society  and    the    British    Electrical  Endowment  Fund. 
Mr.  C.  G.  Tegetmeiek  seconded  the  motion. 
Several   shareholders  asked    questions    and    made    suggestions. 
Among  them  was  Mr.  Parker,  who  said  that  a  reduction  of 
capital  was  hinted  at  by  the  chairman,  and  he  suggested  it  might 
be  considered  by  the  Committee  who  conferred  with  the  board  on 
the  question  of  the  rearrangement  of  capital  some  time  ago.     He 
trusted  also  that  the  board  would  not  be  led  away  by  the  attractive 
side  of  the  motor-"  bus  business,  because  there  could  be  no  doubt 
that  the  time  was  coming   when  the  question  of  rating  motor- 
'buses  would  become  a  very  live  one. 

The  Chairman,  in  replying  to  all  questions,  said  they  took  the 
Bideford  Railway  by  way  of  a  bad  debt,  and  the  best  thing  was  to 
hold  on  to  it  and  wait  for  better  times.  They  had  a  perpetual  tenoio 
of  it    He  thought  the  board  woold  have  been  subjected  to  a  gntX 


1034 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  n.   No.  i,856,  June  20,  1913. 


deal  of  adverse  criticism  had  they  proposed  to  carry  money  available 
for  divilend  to  a  reserve  fund.  The  item  of  the  Brighton  and 
Shoreham  Tramway  vronld  appear  in  the  accounts  for  the  last  time 
next  year.  They  had  been  awarded  ;£  1,000  by  way  of  com- 
pensation for  one  portion  of  the  line,  and  had  arranged 
with  the  other  local  authorities  for  the  dismantlement 
of  the  line.  Thfy  had  had  a  pad  experience  with  regard  to  the 
line.  They  bonerht  a  steam  tramway  and  submi^^ed  a  s' oA  scheme 
for  an  electric  tramway,  but  the  opppfition  of  Hove  was  too  preat 
for  them.  As  to  Mr.  Parker's  observations,  the  board  recognised 
that  depreciation  had  taken  place,  and  that  it  would  have  to  be 
dealt  with  in  some  way  or  another,  but  they  would  rather  not  be 
pres-ied  to  take  unduly  early  action  in  the  matter.  So  long  as  they 
recognised  the  position,  it  was  better  to  leave  the  matter  to  be 
dealt  with  at  the  right  time. 

The   motion   was  then   carried   unanimously,  and   the   retiring 
directors  and  auditors  were  re-elected. 


Madras  Electric  Supply  Co..  Ltd. 

Mr.  a.  M.  H.  Wai.kond  (chairman)  presided  at  I,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.C .  on  Friday,  over  the  ordinary  meeting  of  the  above 
company. 

Ttie  Ch.\irmax,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the  report,  said  that 
since  the  last  meeting  they  had  issued  a  further  £117.875  six  per 
cent,  debentures  and  20,000  preference  shares  of  f .">  each.  The 
principal  capital  expenditure  had  been  £6  (529  for  new  mains, 
£1,984  for  quarters  for  the  staff,  and  £542  for  new  plant 
foundations.  The  revenue  account  receipts  were  an  encourage- 
ment for  the  future.  They  showed  an  actual  increase  of 
revenue  for  units  sold  of  £7,noo,  the  return  being  £;$0:ilC  this 
year,  an  increa.se  of  over  S8  per  cent.  He  intimated  last 
year  that  their  present  plant  was  proving  itself  expensive 
in  coal  consumption,  maintenance  and  wages.  This  was  plainly 
shown  on  the  other  side  of  the  revenue  account,  as  there 
was  an  increase  in  nearly  every  item  of  the  working  costs.  The 
principal  item  was  coal,  the  expenditure  on  which  had  gone  up 
from  *:7,140  to  «;ll,r)99,  part  of  which  they  must  attribute  to  the 
increased  output.  They  were  compelled  to  purchase  a  highly 
volatile  coal,  the  supply  of  which  was  limited,  snd  the  price  high. 
The  price  had  largely  increased,  and  was  still  increasing,  the 
average  cost  during  the  year  being  £1  Os.  6d.  per  ton,  against 
Ifis.  2d.  per  ton  the  year  before,  or  an  increase  of  2s.  4d.  per  ton, 
this  extra  charge  accounting  for  £l.S.5ti  of  the  increased  expendi- 
ture. The  new  boilers  would,  however,  be  capable  of  burning 
ordinary  Indian  coal,  at  a  cheaper  price,  and  with  the  new  plant  in 
full  working  order,  there  would  be  a  saving  of  about  3ii  per  cent. 
They  were  also  now  inserting  in  all  their  agreements  with  large 
power  consumers  a  coal  clause  which  would  protect  them  to  some 
extent  against  dearer  coal.  The  repairs  of  mains  and  maintenance 
had  increased  by  a  large  figure,  but  £2,o(i(iof  this  increase  was  excep- 
tional, being  due  to  the  replacement  of  defective  armoured  services. 
The  net  result  was  a  loss,  after  paying  debenture  interest  of  £2,2,36. 
In  the  general  balance-sheet  they  must  add  to  this  a  loss  of  £1,803  for 
sales  of  fans,  and  £.5G3  on  sale  of  investments.  They  were  obliged  to 
realise  last  year  their  holding  of  tramway  preference  shares  in 
order  to  pay  ofif  moneys  they  had  borrowed.  The  loss  on  fans 
would  not  occur  after  this  current  year,  as  they  now  had  only  821 
left  in  stock.  This  left  £18,399  against  them  at  suspense  account, 
which  would  subsequently  have  to  be  dealt  with.  To  this  they 
would  have  to  add  the  Iofs  they  would  make  during  the  curnnt 
year,  and  the  shareholders  must  bear  in  mind  that  no  allowance 
had  been  made  for  depreciation.  As  foon  as  the  earning  capacity 
of  the  undertaking  had  been  gauged,  it  might  be  desirable  to 
reorganise  the  capital  of  the  company.  Matters  were  not  going  to 
be  improved  until  the  new  plant  came  into  operation.  The  board 
realised  this  position,  and  as  they  knew,  advised  the  share- 
holders at  their  last  meeting  to  take  immediate  steps 
to  remedy  matters  by  raising  money  by  »n  issue  of 
debentures  to  install  a  new  turb^-generator  plant,  with 
a  modem  boiler  plant  which  they  were  advised  would  be 
capable  of  burning  ordinary  Indian  coal.  Ttie  money  was 
raised,  and  by  the  end  of  the  year  this  plant  should  be 
in  commission.  Certain  of  the  new  boilers  would,  they  hope, 
be  connected  up  in  about  four  months  ;  the  present  boiler 
house  equipment  was  giving  them  a  very  great  deal  of  trouble, 
and  the  difficulties  the  staff  had  had  to  contend  with  to  keep  the 
supply  going  were  very  great.  They  had,  in  fact,  been  obliged  to 
put  into  commission  the  old  tramway  plant  to  help  them  out. 
From  what  he  was  telling  thfm  they  would  understand  what  their 
position  would  have  been  if  they  had  not  the  prospect  of  the  new 
plant  being  ready  before  long.  Their  consulting  engineers  informed 
them  that  had  the  new  plant  hern  responsible  for  the  balance-sheet 
now  before  them,  the  generating  costs,  instead  of  being  £19.o00, 
would  have  been  approximately  £13,000.  The  significance  of  these 
figures  in  r(  gard  to  their  future,  he  need  not  emphasise.  They  would 
see  by  the  report  that  the  increase  in  consumers  and  units  taken 
was  satisfactory,  and  they  must  bear  in  mind  in  this  cc  nnertion 
that  they  had  been  afraid  to  push  this  sideof  the  business  until  their 
new  plant  was  in  order.  There  was  no  doubt  whatever  that  if  they 
could  only  generate  their  current  at  a  reasonable  ccst,  they  could 
secure  a  large  and  profitable  business.  They  would  havenoticfd  what 
was  said  about  future  management  in  the  report.  This  matter  had 
had  their  most  serious  censideration,  but  before  deciding  anything, 
they  thought  it  advisable  to  await  the  result  of  Mr.  Merz's  visit  to 
Madras,  and  for  the  arrival  in  England  of  Mr.  Simpson,  a  member 
of  Mei-srs.  Binny  &  Co.,  their  managing  agents'  firm,  who  particularly 
attended  to  their  business.  They  had  now  htid  the  advantage  of  fully 
diiKsnaaing  matteia  with  them,  with  the  result  that  they  had  arranged 


that  the  management  of  the  tram  way  s  and  themselves  would  be  closely 
identified.  Messrs.  Binny  would  generally  supervise  as  managing 
agents  both  concerns,  and  thi-ir  r  present.itive,  Mr.  Simpson,  would 
be  appointed  local  director.  Toere  would  be  one  chief  engineer 
and  a  commercial  enginee-r  for  bi'th  properties,  and  the  accounts 
and  correspondence  would  be  rrmoved  to  their  own  offices. 
Referring  to  their  holditig  in  the  tramways,  they  would  have 
read  in  the  rep-irt  that  their  l»st  \  ear's  working  was  good,  there 
being  an  available  balance  of  £43,0(iil  more  than  in  the  previous 
year,  and  that  aftHr  paying  a  4  pi-r  cent,  dividend  they  carried 
forward  .<:3,732.  which  was  equivalent  to  a  further  dividend  of 
over  fi  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  capital. 

Mu.  J.  G.  B.  Stoxk  seconded  the  motion,  and  it  was  carried. 


Traftord  Power  and  Light  Supply  (l«oa),  Ltd. 

The  report  for  the  year  ended  March,  1913,  states  (accordirg 
to  the  Fhtancial  Tiiin's)  that  after  charging  interest  on  the 
debenture  stock,  inte'est  on  loans,  current  expenses,  debenture 
trustc'-s'  remuneration,  debenture  stock  redemption  fund, 
transferring  to  depreciation  account  £8,000,  and  writing  off 
plant,  &c.,  £2,322,  the  accounts  show  a  balance  of  £1,509, 
as  compared  with  £512  for  the  prece-iing  year.  The  debit 
balance  is  thereby  reduced  to  £803.  Ac'ditional  generating  plant 
has  been  installed  in  the  station  in  anticipation  of  increased 
demand.  On  June  15th,  1910,  to  provide  for  the  general  growth 
of  the  business,  £25,000  (i  per  cent,  second  mortgage  debentures  of 
£100  each  were  offered  to  the  shareholders  and  the  debenture 
stockholders.  Xo  application  being  forthcoming,  W.  T.  Glover  and 
Co.,  Ltd., 'the  largest  shareholdt-ra  of  the  company,  undertook  to 
provide,  on  loan,  at  5  per  cent,  interest  per  annum,  such  an  amount 
as  might  be  required  from  time  to  time  not  exceeding  £25,000  ; 
and  until  January  1st  last  (by  which  date  the  loan  amounted  to 
£25,000  and  was  then  satisfied  by  the  issue  to  them  of  the  above- 
mentioned  t)  per  cent,  debentures  to  such  an  amount,  redeemable  in 
1915)  the  company  availed  itself  of  this  facility,  which,  during  a 
period  of  some  2J  years  afforded  an  advantage  to  the  com- 
pany of  1  per  cent,  per  annum.  The  aggregate  amount  of 
the4j  per  cent,  first  mortgage  debenture  stock  of  the  company 
purchasfd  and  cancelled  amounted  on  March  31st  last  to  £13,600. 
The  trustees  of  this  stock  have  invested  £1,519  during  the  past 
financial  year,  and  at  the  end  of  that  period  had  in  hand  for  a 
similar  purpose  or  further.purch'se  of  the  company's  first  deben- 
ture stock  a  balance  of  £589.  It  being  considered  more  expedieut 
that  the  two  joint  managing  director-  of  the  company  should  both 
be  resident  in  the  Manchester  district,  Mr.  Atkinson,  who  resides 
near  London,  has  already  resigned  his  position  as  joint  managing 
director  (but  retains  bis  seat  upon  the  board),  and  Mr.  A.  E. 
Tanner,  who  resides  in  Manchester,  has  been  elected  a  director  by 
the  board  and  appointed  a  joint  managing  director  with  Mr.  E.  A. 
Claremont,  who  has  for  many  years  served  in  that  capacity. 


United  Electric  Traiinvajs  of  Monte  Video,  Ltd. 

The  ninth  ordinary  general  meeting  of  the  shareholders  of  the 
above  company  was  held  on  Monday  at  Winchester  House,  Old 
Broad  Street,  Mr.  G.  A.  Touch<>,  M.P.,  presiding. 

The  Ch.mrman,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report  (see 
Elec.  Rev.,  page  996),  said  that  the  capital  expenditure  during 
the  year  had  amounted  to  £78,288,  increasing  the  property  account 
to  £l,910,2t!9.  A  portion  of  this  expenditure  was  forecasted  at  the 
last  general  meeting,  vizr.,  the  provision  of  further  additional 
rolling  stock  ;  the  completion  of  the  extension  to  Colon,  and  the 
erection  of  new  administrative  offices,  the  building  of  which  was 
now  proceeding  Those  items  came  to  about  £36,000.  The 
additional  25  cars  had  been  in  use  since  December  last.  The 
extension  of  the  Colon  line  was  inaugurated  on  June  20th,  1912, 
and  the  results  of  the  working  so  far  had  been  satisfactory.  That 
was  the  last  extension  the  company  was  bound  to  mfke  under 
concessions.  The  line  showed  signs  of  being  successful.  Sites 
had  been  secured  for  the  erection  of  two  substations,  and  the 
renewal  car-shed  was  being  erected.  The  cost  of  the  sites  and 
some  of  the  preliminary  expenditure  in  connection  with  the  cost 
of  sundry  additional  permanent  way,  and  feeder  works  accounted 
for  a  further  £21,000.  The  balance  of  the  capital  expenditure 
during  the  year  was  represented  chiefly  by  the  cost  of  paving 
and  reconstruction  of  the  track.  Practical 'y,  all  that  work  was 
still  in  progress.  Considerable  sums  would  have  to  be  expended 
in  the  next  few  years,  as  under  their  concession  they  were  obliged 
to  pay  for,  and  keep  in  repair,  the  paving  between  and  a  certain 
distance  on  each  side  of  their  track.  Expenditure  on  improvements 
of  one  kind  or  another  was  practically  inevitable  and  much  of 
it  must  be  borne  by  revenue.  Within  the  next  few  years  it  would 
be  necessary  to  make  still  further  additions  to  the  plant  and  the 
rolling  stock,  which  was  only  to  be  expected  in  a  developing  city 
like  Monte  Video.  The  iiicrea?ed  traffic  was  due  solely  to  the 
internal  growth  of  the  city  and  the  development  of  its  activities. 
There  had  been  no  further  trnub'e  with  their  employes,  and  the 
weather  had  been  decidedly  better  than  in  1911.  The  traffic  receipts 
for  the  year  had  amounted  to  £346,306,  compared  with  £298,5.53 
during  the  previous  year,  an  increase  of  £4  7,753,  or  nearly  16  per 
cent.  The  passengers  carried  showed  an  increase  of  6,074, <i64- 
about  17 J  per  cent.  Thf>  operating  expenses  showed  an  incresie 
of  '81  per  cent,  which  was  partly  accounted  for  by  the 
increase  of  wages  to  the  stuff  granted  in  1911  which  had  been 
in  operation  during  the  whole  of  the  year  as  compared  with  a 
period  of  abr ut  five  months  in  the  previous  year.  The  wages  bill 
was  about  £9,160  heavier  than  in  the  previona  year  and  fuel  costs 


Vdl.  72.    No.  I, H:.f),  Junk  20,  l»i:t.l 


'J'lIK     KLIW'TKrCAL    ilKVIKW. 


1035 


incrouHud  liy  ii^i,K72.  KopairH  and  iiiiiintenuiiUH  ciihIh  h)i()W('i1  an 
inuri'aHO  nl'  £l),(>2:!.  I'tgrinanent  way,  plant  and  rcillini;  Hlock  muHt 
be  k('|it  in  tirnt  uIrhr  order  and  it  wan  unly  natiirtil  to  expect  uiinual 
increiineH  in  niiiintununoo  diirinf;  tlio  tirnt  deuudx  of  iiprratiun. 
There  hail  been  important  eoononiieH  in  oth«>r  direct  ionH. 
The  not  triilllu  rcueiplH  for  the  year  ainuunt(d  to  i.' 117,101,  an 
incrcaHc  of  £  17,'.i:!l  or  I  It  tto  per  cent.  Kor  the  firHt  half  of  the 
current  year  to  April  Moth,  thetrafTic  rccciptH  amounted  to  C  rj'.>,7<i2, 
an  iucreasa  of  Cll.lOoor  about  7'|  percent.  'I'hat  percentnifc  of 
inereane  was  not  bo  i;reat  an  in  the  previouH  year  when  they  were 
favoured  with  an  exoeptionally  fine  Humnier.  The  working  px- 
penHeH  were  ").')'">  per  cent,  as  compared  with  h'i'M  per  cent.  The 
increase  was  partly  attributable  ai;ain  to  an  increase  in  repairH  and 
maintenance  chartrcH  and  fuel  expennes.  There  was  an  amount 
available  for  distribution  of  £101,187,  as  compared  with  ji;ii2,yHS 
a  year  airo.  For  the  redemption  of  debenture  stock  an  amount 
of  i;2,81U  had  been  sot  aside  ;  and  an  initial  appropriation  of  C'J.TiOO 
had  been  made  for  the  purpose  of  redeeming  the  preference  and 
ordinary  share  capital  on  the  expiry  of  the  company's  concesnions, 
which  was  some  tiO  or  70  years  ahead.  A  further  sum  of  £lf0,000 
had  been  placed  to  renewals  and  continfjency  ai'count,  makinjf  a 
total  of  a  100,000.  There  he  wished  to  say  that  the  board  did  not  con- 
sider that  they  had  yet  reached  the  limit  as  retjarded  that  provision. 
Havintr  referred  to  the  fact  that  Senor  Catt,  the  tfO'ieral  manatrer 
in  Uru};uay,  was  present,  haviu(!:  come  to  Europe  to  confer  with 
the  board  on  important  matters  of  policy,  the  chairman  quoted  at 
length  from  a  report  which  Senor  Catt  had  prepared  regardinj?  the 
prospects  of  the  company,  in  which  that  t;entleman  referred  to  the 
possibility  of  the  Urutruayan  Oovemment  nationalising  the  means 
of  transport  in  the  country.  That  proposnl,  said  Mr,  Touche,  led 
led  him  to  refer  to  what  had  happened  in  London  in  regard  to  the 
tramway  service  under  the  L,C.C.,the  figures  respecting- the  last  year's 
working  having  just  been  published.  The  tramways  were  acquired 
on  behalf  of  the  ratepayers  on  a  promise  that  there  was  going  to 
be  a  reduction  of  rates  by  the  application  of  profits.  Some  11 J 
millions  of  the  ratepayers'  money  was  invested,  and  now  the 
property  was  very  seriously  threatened  by  competition.  Last  year 
20  million  fewer  passengers  were  carried  than  in  the  previous 
year,  and  there  was  a  decline  of  £88,000  in  the  passenger  receipts. 
On  all  sides  they  heard  a  great  cry  raised  in  favour  of  doing  tome- 
thing  to  handicap  competing  forms  of  traction.  It  was  not  in  the 
public  interest  that  that  should  be  done,  but  it  placed  the  L.CC.  in 
a  very  false  position.  Their  duty  and  their  interest  conflicted. 
Their  duty  was  to  exercise  judicial  controlover  all  formsof  traction, 
and  their  interest  was  to  handicap  competitive  forms  of  traction. 
That  pointed  at  once  to  the  great  danger  of  these  Socialistic 
methods — the  public  became  tied  to  some  particular  method  of 
traction,  even  after  it  might  have  become  obsolete.  Their  electric 
tramways  were  very  far  from  that,  but  it  was  a  very  great  dis- 
couragement to  progreFs,  even  if  it  did  not  mean  the  death  of  all 
progres". 

Mr.  H.  a.  Tkotter  seconded   the   motion,    and   the  report  was 
adopted  without  discussion. 


Globe   Telegraph   and  Trust  (o.,  Ltd.  —  The    net 

revenue  of  the  company  for  the  year  ended  May,  1913,  after 
deduction  of  expenses,  amounts  to  £209  828,  and  makes,  with  the 
balance  of  £27,997  brought  forward,  a  total  of  .^:237,825.  From 
this  amount  there  has  been  distributed  £131.085  in  interim  divi- 
dends, leaving  an  available  balance  of  £10<i,739.  The  directors 
now  recommend  the  payment  of  the  following  final  dividends,  viz., 
3s.  per  share,  less  income-tax,  on  the  preference  shares,  making, 
with  previous  distributionp,  a  total  dividend  for  the  year  on  thofe 
shares  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum,  less  income-tax  ;  and 
6s.  per  share  net  on  the  ordinary  shares,  making,  with  previous 
distributions,  a  total  dividend  on  these  shares  at  the  rate  of  6  per 
cent,  net  for  the  year.  These  dividends  will  absorb  £79,922,  and 
leave  £26,817  to  be  carried  forward.  During  the  year  £4,500 
Anglo-American  Telegraph  Co.'s  preferred  stock  has  been  sold,  and 
If)  of  the  certificates  of  the  Submarine  Cables  Trust,  belonging  to 
this  company,  have  been  drawn  for  payment  at  £120  per  certificate  ; 
part  of  the  proceeds  have  been,  and  the  remainder  will  be,  reinvested 
in  suitable  securities. 

Electric  and   General    Investment  Co.,  Ltd. — The 

directors  report  that  the  gross  profit  for  the  year  to  May  Blst  was 
£14,797.  After  df^ducting  all  general  charges,  interest  on  debenture 
stock,  the  interim  dividends  already  paid  on  the  preference  and 
ordinary  shares,  and  providing  for  the  proportion  of  the  final 
dividend  accrued  on  the  preference  shares  to  May  3l8t,  there 
remained  a  balance  of  £5,268,  plus  £2,726  brought  forward, 
making  £7,994.  Of  this  amount  £3,072  has  been  carried  to  the 
contingencies  fund,  making  the  amount  to  the  credit  thereof 
£81,000,  leaving  abilanceof  £4,922,  which  is  to  be  appropriated 
as  follows  : — Balance  dividend  of  Is.  per  share,  which,  with  the 
interim  dividend  of  Is.  per  share  paid  in  January  will  make  the 
full. rate  of  10  per  cent,  on  the  capital  paid  up  on  the  ordinary 
shares,  £1,0(0;  dividend  of  6d.  a  share  on  the  deferred  shares, 
£1,000  ;  leaving  to  carry  forward,  £2,922. 

Antomatic  Telephone  Mauufaeturins:  Co.,  Ltd. — 

The  share  and  transfer  bocks  will  be  closed  from  19th  to  26th  inst., 
inclusive,  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  the  warrants  for  the  6  per 
cent,  preference  shares  for  the  half-year  ending  30th  inst.,  on  which 
date  the  warrants  wUl  be  posted. 

National    Electric    Supply  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors 

have  declared  an  interim  dividend  of  38.  per  .'^hare,  on  the  ordinary 
ahares  for  the  half-year  ending  June  30th, 


Tracfion  and  Power  NecurllieH  (o.,  Ltd. 

Mit.  II.  A.  Veils KT  prenided  a  few  iuynuttont  the  annual  u\r.rlu\y(  held 
at  2,  Norfolk  Street,  Htrrtnd,  W,C.  \\i-  naiil  that  th«  ntil  iniMime  had 
incruuseil  to  £.13  212,  uT  inorL-thun  3j  \h:t  cnxt.  on  the  fhare  capital, 
but  whili!  under  onlinary  circumntui.cvH  they  wuuM  protnbly  have 
rue  imin-nced  paying  dividendH,  it  Wiut  thought  that  under  prem-nt 
circumstanceH  it  would  be  well  to  trttn»fer  >;30,0W  to  rewrv«-,  and 
carry  forward  the  balance.  The  Clyde  Valley  Co.,  in  which  they 
were  the  largest  shareholderH,  hntl  advanci-d  coriHiderably  in  recent 
years,  and  the  net  profit  for  1912  was  £54,440,  as  compared  with 
£45,781  in  1911.  In  a  few  years  he  ex[)e<:ted  to  sec  rtgular  divi- 
dends on  the  ordinary  shares  in  that  company.  Ouring  March 
last  the  (;iy<ie  Co.  made  a  pul>lic  ii-sue  of  £30')()C0  in  6  per  cent, 
preference  shares  at  par,  and  was  able  to  repay  this  company's  loan 
in  full.  The  Mersey  Railway  was  also  hhowing  pr<  gress.  When 
the  company  was  f ormei)  in  19iil  a  large  portion  of  its  capital  wag 
sub.scribed  by  a  strong  grcjup  of  Americans  who  were  familiar  with 
the  operations  of  the  VVeslinghouse  Electric  and  ManiifHctnring 
Co.,  at  Pittsburg.  The  idea  was  that  it  would  work  with,  and  be 
of  assistance  to,  the  British  Westinghoui-e  Co.,  which  at  that  time 
had  recently  started  taking  contracts  which  involved  accepting 
payments,  in  whole  or  in  part,  in  securities  rather  than  in  cash. 
This  idea  was  duly  carried  out.  The  securities  proved  iiot  to  be 
worth  the  money  paid  for  them,  and  the  shareholders  had  bad  to 
go  without  dividends  for  a  great  number  of  years,  the  depreciation 
in  their  investments  having  receseitattd  carrying  to  reserve  the 
meagre  revenue  received,  instead  of  paying  it  out  in  dividends.  The 
surplus  revenues  which  had  been  kept  in  the  company  had 
enabled  it  to  finance  the  Clyde  Valley  Co.  until  it  could 
take  care  of  itself.  In  recent  years  the  British  Westinghouse  Co. 
had  not  been  taking  contracts  involving  payment  to  any  large 
extent  in  securities,  but  there  was  a  wide  field  of  invettment  which 
was  open  to  their  company  just  as  it  was  to  other  investmtnt  trust 
companies  which  had  done  well  for  their  shareholders.  Had  the 
shareholders  so  wilhd  they  could  have  reinvested  the  money 
received  from  the  Clyde  Valley  loan  to  advantage  and  have  paid 
moderate  (probably  ii  creasing)  dividends  with  the  prof-pect  that 
the  shares  would  become  saleable  at  par  in  shorter  time  than  by 
adopting  any  other  course.  An  alternative  had,  however,  been  put 
forward  by  some  of  the  American  shareholders,  namely,  that  the 
greater  part  of  the  available  cat-h  should  be  distribut"  d  in  the  form 
of  a  return  of  capital.  These  sharehi  Iders  argued  that  the  or  ginal 
purpose  of  the  C(  mpany  was  at  an  end.  Had  the  board  been  able 
to  induce  their  American  friends  to  see  eye  to  fye  with  them  they 
would  have  preferred  carrying  on  the  company  as  an  investment 
trust  company,  because  he  believed  that  in  that  way  the  share- 
holders would  get  their  money  back  most  quickly,  but  as  these 
important  shareholders  took  the  opposite  view,  and  as  majorities 
controlled,  they  were  proposing  to  proceed  with  the  other  alterna- 
tive, and  ask  the  shareholders'  assent  to  the  resolution  for  the 
reduction  of  capital. 

A  resolution  was  passed  to  reduce  the  capital  from  £2  000,000 
to  £1,829,180  by  returning  to  the  holders  of  the  85,410  shares  that 
had  been  issued  paid-up  capital  to  the  extent  of  £2  per  share. 


Venezuela  Telephone  and    Electrical   ippliaicps 

Co.,  Ltd. — Meetings  of  the  holders  of  the  first  and  second 
debentures  were  called  for  yesterday  to  consider  resolutions 
authorising  the  creation  and  issue  of  additif  nal  first  debentures 
■for  a  total  of  £80,000,  carrying  interest  at  the  rate  of  .'>  per  cent, 
per  annum,  the  first  £30,000  to  be  applied  in  discharging  prior 
lien  bonds. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Tuesday  Evening. 

The  stormy  settlement  of  the  mid-June  account  passed  off  with 
fewer  failures  than  had  been  expected.  Prices  recovered  fubstan- 
tially  from  the  lowest  ;  members  began  to  talk  hopefully  of  a 
return  of  confidence  ;  the  bargain-hunter  was  seen  in  the  land. 
A  good  sign  is  the  maintenance  of  the  investment  securities, 
although  prices  of  the  speculative  stocks  and  shares  swing 
erratically.  An  evening  newspaper  amused  the  city  with  a  placard 
on  Monday  announcing  a  "burst  of  activity"  in  the  Stock 
Exchange.  Prices  are  higher,  but  of  public  activity  there  has  been 
all  too  little.  In  fact,  so  slender  has  been  the  outs-ide  support 
accorded  to  maikets,  that  general  opinirn  throughout  the  Houfe 
was  EC mewhat  inclined  to  regard  the  swiftness  of  the  rise  as  in 
some  measure  cverdcne.  It  is  noticeable  that  Consols  nmain 
depressed.  The  Approach  of  the  end  of  June  is  a  reminder  that 
the  window-dressing  process  may  bring  about  seme  depree  of 
stringency  in  the  money  maiket  at  the  time  of  the  next  Stock 
Exchange  settlement.  All  things  considered,  see-saw  markets  are 
only  what  can  be  expected  for  some  time  to  come,  and  Tuesday's 
setback  surprised  nobody. 

One  of  the  principal  features  in  the  sections  with  which  we  deal 
has  been  the  improvement  in  Underground  Electric  Railways. 
Metropolitans,  after  touching  45,  spurted  to  49,  and  Districts, 
which  had  fallen  to  32i,  jumped  op  to  35^.    The  full  extent  of 


1036 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [voi.  72.  no.  i.sr.e,  June  20,  1913. 


these  recoveries  was  not  maintained,  but  both  prices  show  rises  on 
the  week.  The  Central  London  trroup  failed  to  recover  from  its 
last  week's  depression  ;  East  Londons  made  a  rapid  rally  to  8  J 
before  reacting  to  8.  I'ndergrround  Electric  Railway  "  A  "  shares 
came  into  favour.  From  8s.  the  price  jumped  to  10s.  (id.,  while 
the  t>  per  cent,  stocks  of  both  kinds  improved,  the  income  bonds 
being:  2i  points  higher  at  yo.  Tuesday's  depression  brought 
relapses  from  the  best.  The  1 10  shares  fell  i  to  Sj.  Considerable 
speculation  as  to  the  probable  dividend  on  the  shilling  shares  is 
rife,  and  all  kinds  of  estimates  are  being  made  as  to  what  the 
profits  of  the  'Bus  Company  must  be  at  the  present  time. 

The  London  County  Council  has  just  issued  the  report  on  its 
tramways  system  for  the  past  year,  and  it  must  be  admitted  that 
the  showing  is  a  sorry  one.  There  is  scarcely  a  redeeming  feature 
to  U;  fouQd  in  the  statement,  and  this  is  an  indirect  factor  which 
holders  of  the  omnibus  issues  will  do  well  to  bear  in  mind.  For  it 
would  be  against  human  nature  were  the  L.C.C.  to  submit  to  the 
losses  now  being  made  on  their  tramways  system  without  drawing 
comparisons  between  these  and  the  profits  of  the  Hus  Company. 
To  redress  the  balance,  it  is  at  least  possible  that  the  municipal 
authorities  may  take  repressive  action  against  the  prosperous 
motor-buses,  and  some  of  the  ways  in  which  they  could  do  this 
were  set  out  here  not  very  long  ago. 

Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways  shares  have  been  withdrawn 
from  the  Stock  Exchange  Official  List,  since  they  are  now 
practically  incorporated  in  the  London  and  Suburban  Traction 
shares.  The  Suburban  Ordinary  are  quoted  at  6s.  :id.,  the 
Preference  about  lis.  6d.,  while  the  4^  per  cent.  First  Debenture 
Btock  stands  at  80,  at  which  price  the  return  works  out  to 
£5   12s.  fid.  on  the  money. 

The  Telegraph  market  has  thrown  off  some  of  its  recent 
depression,  and  the  cessation  of  sales  of  real  shares  has  caused 
recoveries  of  ;!  in  Eastern  Extension  shares,  J  in  Western  Tele- 
graphs, and  so  on.  The  Anglo-American  group  continues  dull, 
consequent  upon  the  uncertainty  which  is  felt  with  regard  to  the 
American  position,  and  some  of  the  other  higher-priced  shares 
have  given  way.  Great  Northern  at  31  are  Id*,  down.  Indo- 
Europeans  at  50  are  1  lower.  West  India  and  Panamas  have 
further  receded.  Amongst  the  telephone  stocks,  American  Tele- 
phones regained  a  point,  the  feature  in  this  section,  however,  being 
a  smart  recovery  in  National  Telephone  Deferred,  where  the  price 
jumped  to  L'l.  Reuters  went  back  to  lOJ,  a  fall  of  los.  New  York 
Telephone  Bonds  are  J  down  at  'Mil,  although  this  is  one  of  the 
securities  which  the  investor  has  been  picking  up  as  being  well 
secured  and  showing  a  fair  rate  of  interest  on  the  money. 

The  Marconi  market  has  been  alternately  good  and  dull.  On  the 
week,  the  parent  shares  show  a  rise  at  :>,j;g,  this  being  due  to  the 
circulation  of  estimates  as  to  the  forthcoming  dividend.  Two  or 
three  weeks  ago.  when  the  shares  stood  about  3.  rumour  scoffed  at 
the  idea  of  the  Company  paying  anything  at  all  ;  now.  the  report 
goes  that  it  will  declare  anything  up  to  35  per  cent.  Between 
these  two  boundaries  there  is  ample  scope  for  the  directors  to 
surprise  the  market.  We  should  say  that  the  one  estimate  is  just 
about  as  unlikely  to  ba  consummated  as  the  other.  The  Marconi 
subsidiaries  moved  in  sympathy  with  the  parent  share?.  Canadians 
toiiched  lis.  and  Americans  £1.  the  price  in  both  cases  going  back 
a  little  from  the  top.  South  American  Telephone  shares  are  steady. 
Rises  in  the  electric  bghting  market  have  been  secured  by 
Bournemouth  and  Poole  Ordinary  and  Preference,  in  consfquence 
of  a  little  demand  that  there  has  been  from  local  inquirers,  who 
possibly  think  that  there  is  a  chance  of  the  company  being  taken 
over  by  the  municipal  authorities.  The  rest  of  the  market, 
however,  is  very  dull,  and  there  are  falls  of  Is.  8d.  to  1  in  City 
Preference,  London  Preference  and  the  Ordinary  shares  of  the 
Westminster,  Metropolitan,  St.  James',  and  Brompton  Companies. 
London  Electric  Preference  can  be  picked  up  at  about  i'i,  at  which 
the  return  is  the  handsome  one  of  £(i  tis.  per  cent,  on  the  money. 
The  decline  in  their  case  was  brought  about  by  pressure  to  realise, 
which,  although  not  undue,  came  upon  an  unwilling  market  ;  and 
the  shares  are  thought  by  some  people  to  look  attractive,  in  view 
of  the  high  yield  which  they  pay.  Obviously,  however,  with  so 
many  other  good  investments  to  be  obtained  on  which  the  return 
ranges  from  5  to  i",  per  cent.,  it  requires  especially  strong  attraction 
to  induce  purchases  of  industrial  shares  at  present.  It  will  be 
noticed  from  our  lists  that  the  ordinary  shares  of  the  best  electric 
lighting  companies  can  be  bought  to  yield  nearly  Bi  per  cent,  on 
the  money.  Moreover,  the  market  in  illumination  shares  is  always 
a  dull  one  during  the  summer. 

The  Latin-Canadian  group  remains  fairly  steady,  and  no  net 
changes  of  importance  have  occurred  in  the  Mexican  division. 
Sao  Paulo  Debentures  are  a  little  better.  The  report  of  the 
Montreal  Light  i;  Power  Company  shows  steadily  increasing 
progress,  and  the  dividend  has  been  put  on  a  9  per  cent,  basis  for 
the  year  recently  ended,  while  the  new  year  starts  with  2i  per  cent, 
for  the  quarter.  The  Shawinigan  Company,  whose  shares  have 
been  lately  particularly  depressed,  and  which  show  another  fall  of 
3  this  week,  issues  a  report,  showing  an  increase  in  the  profit  of 
300,001)  dollars  ;  and  the  dividend  in  its  case  is  raised  to  6.i  per  cent, 
for  the  year,  an  advance  of  the  fraction.  Montreals  have  not 
recovered  the  10  points  which  they  were  marked  -idown  last  week. 
The  Anglo-Argentine  Tramways  group  is  dull,  and  blocks  of  the 
5  per  cent.  Debenture  Stock  keep  on  coming  to  market.  This 
security  can  be  obtained  at  !t<;j,  and  (in  view  of  the  ample  margin 
for  its  interest  and  principal)  is  being  recommended  as  one  of  the 
bargains  to  be  obtained  at  the  present  time.  The  Company's  4  per 
cent.  Debenture  is  J  higher  on  the  week. 

A  rise  of  2  wiped  out  half  last  week's  loss  in  Brazilian  Traction 
shares,  and  the  Company's  new  6  per  cent.  Preference,  from 
being  97,  moved  up  to  99.  In  their  case  also  the  security, 
according  to  the  prospectus  issued  last  month,  is  ample.    Calcutta 


Trams  fell  J,  and  Madras  Ordinary  went  down  the  same  amount 
upon  a  mere  handful  of  share.i  being  offered.  City  of  Bnenoa 
Ayres  Trams  are  a  good  market.  British  Columbia  Electric 
Deferred  fell  a  further  two  points,  but  the  Preferred  and  the 
Preference  stocks  are  both  1  up.  There  has  been  some  inquiry  for 
the  West  Australian  Tramways  shares.  Kalgoorlie  Preference,  for 
instance,  were  ^,  up,  and  Perth  Ordinary  hardened  to  H. 

The  Miscellaneous  group  is  steady.  .*.rons  have  advanced,  both 
as  regards  the  Ordinary  and  Preference.  Castner-Kellners  are  ^ 
higher  at  3},J.  There  is  no  change  in  the  Edison  &  Swan  issnev, 
the  battle  which  is  raging  over  the  reconstruction  propcals  not  ' 
affecting  the  market  prices,  although,  of  course,  it  is  difficnlt  to 
deal.  British  Westinghouse  Debenture  at  68  is  1  lower,  and  the 
public  announcement  of  the  company's  having  secured  the  London 
and  Sonth-Western  electrification  contract  has  aroused  no  further 
demand  for  its  issues. 


MARKET     QUOTATIONS. 

It  should  be  remembered,  in  making  use  of  the  figures  appearing 
in  the  following  list,  that  in  some  cases  the  prices  are  only  general, 
and  may  vary  according  to  quantities  and  other  circumstances. 


Wednesday.  June  18th. 


CHEMICALS,  Ac. 

Latest 
Price. 

Fortnight's 
Inc.  or  Deo 

M  Acid,  Hydrochlorlo 

per  owt. 

e/- 

a     „     Nitrio 

22/- 
25d. 

a     „     Oxalic            

per  lb. 

a     „      Sulphurio 

per  cwt. 

6/6 

a  Ammoniac  Sal        

42/- 

a  Ammonia,  Muriate  (large  crystal)  per  ton 

£29  10 

a  Bleaching  powder 

£6  6 

«  Bisulphide  of  Carbon 

£18 

a  Borax  

" 

£17  10 

a  Copper  Sulphate 

£23  10 

16/-'dea. 

a  Lead,  Nitrate         

£27  10 

10/-  inc. 

a      „      White  Sugar 

£26 

16/.  inc. 

«       „      Peroxide 

£83 

e  Methylated  Spirit 

pcr'gal. 

2/6 

a  Potassium,  Bichromate,  in  casks 

per  lb. 

8M. 

a  Potash,  Caustic  (88/90  %) 

per  ton 

£!£110 

a        „       Chlorate 

per  lb. 

8*d. 

a        „       Perchlorate 

4|d. 

a  Potassium,  Cyanide  (98/100  %) . . 

II 

7id. 

(for  mining  purposes  only) 

a  Shellac         

per  cwt, 

85/- 

2/6  inc. 

a  Sulphate  of  Magnesia 

per  ton 

£4  10 

a  Sulphur,  Sublimed  Flowers 

£610 

a        „        Recovered 

£5  10 

a        „        Lamp      

£6 

a  Soda,  Caustic  (white  70/72  %)    . . 

„ 

£10  S 

a      „     Chlorate        

per  lb. 

Bgd. 

a      „     Crystals         

per  ton 

£8  6 

a  Sodium  Bichromate,  casks       . . 

per  lb. 

8d. 

METALS,  *c. 

6  Aluminium  Ingots,  in  ton  lots  . . 

per  ton 

£96 

,, 

b           „           Wire,  in  ton   lots  i 
(1  to  14  8.W.G.)  ; 

„ 

£151  6  8 

£9  13  4  inc. 

b           „          Sheet,  in  ton  lots   . . 

X126 

p  Babbitt's  metal  ingots     . . 

£50  to  £231 

c  Brass  (rolled  metal  2"  to  13*  basis) 

per  lb. 

8id. 

id.'dec. 
|d. inc. 

c      „     Tube  (brazed) 

mi- 

c     ,1         „     (solid  drawn) 

9d. 

id.  inc. 

c      „     Wire,  basis 

8Jd. 

|d.  inc. 

c  Copper  Tubes  (brazed)     . . 

II 

lUd. 

c        „           „      (solid  drawn) 

^, 

io5d. 

t       „       Bars  (best  selected) 

per  ton 

£82 

£3'aeo. 

g       „       Sheet          

£82 

£3  dec. 

g       „      Rod 

£82 

£3  dec. 

d       „       (Electrolytic)  Bars 

,, 

£70 

£2  10  dec. 

d       „                 „           Sheets     .. 

£87 

£2  10  dec. 

d       „                 „          JRods 

II 

£75  5 

£2  5  dec. 

d       „                 „           H.C.  Wire 

per  lb. 

9id. 

/Ebonite  Rod           

II 

4/6 

/       „        Sheet        

4/- 

o  German  Silver  Wire 

1/10 

,, 

h  Guttapercha,  fine 

II 

7/-  to  8/. 

,. 

b  India-rubber,  Para  One  . . 

B/9 

id.  inc. 

y  Iron  Pig  (Cleveland  warrants)  . . 

per  ton 

55/4 

3/11  dec. 

/     „    Wire,  galv.  No.  8,  P.O.  qual. 

£14 

^  Lead,  English  Pig 

II 

£21  to  £21  5 

£ltao.' 

nj  Manganin  Wire  No.  28  . . 

per  lb. 

6/6 

,, 

g  Mercury         

per  bo». 

£7  10 

,,       '■* 

e  Mica  (in  original  cases)  small  . . 

per  lb, 

6d.  to  Bs. 

4 

e      „                „            1,      medium 

II 

8/6  to  6/- 

••    "Ha 

e     ,.               „           „      large   .. 

II 

7/6  to  11/- 

'j| 

o  Nickel,  sheet,  wire,  &c 

3/6  to  4/6  nom. 

jH 

p  Phosphor  Bronze,  plain  castings 

II 

1/1  to  l/3i 

S 

p         „            „    rolled  bars  &  rods 

« 

l/OJ  to  1/9 

-^1 

p          „            „  rolled  strip  &  sheet 

„ 

1/2J  to  1/51 

**    -v 

o  Platinum       

per  oz. 

186/- 

'^1 

dSilicium  Bronze  Wire      .. 

per  lb. 

KMd. 

^.  deOi^l 

r  Bteel,  Magnet,  in  bars      . . 

per  ton 

£66 

~  -^1 

r  Tin,  Block  (EDglisb) 

,1 

£208  to  £209 

£11  deri^l 

n    „     Wire,  Nos.  1  to  16    . . 

per  lb. 

9/7 

Id.  cleM^I 

p  White  Anti-f rictiun  Metals 

per  ton 

£50  to  £238 

•  •^^H 

k  Zinc,  Bh't  (Viellle  Montsgne  bnd.) 

" 

£27  5s. 

"  9 

Qootatloni  sapplied  by— 


a  Q.  Boor  A  C!o. 

b  The  British  Alumlniam  Co.,  Ltd, 
c  Thos.  Bolton  ft  Sons,  Ltd. 
d  Frederick  Smith  A  (3o. 
e  F.  Wiggins  ft  Bens. 
/  Indla-Rnbber,  Gatla-Peroha   and 
Telegraph  Works  Go.,  Ltd, 

fJamea  ft  Bhakipeart, 
Bdward  Till  A  Oo. 


/  Boiling  ft  Ejowe. 

Jt  Morris  Asbby,  Ltd. 

J  Richard  Johnson  ft  Nephew,  1 

m  W.  T.  Glover  ft  Co.,  Lid. 

a  P.  Ormiston  ft  Sons 

o  Jobneon,  Matlbey  ft  Co.,  LM< 

r  W,  r,  DennU  ft  OOi 


Vol.  72.   No.  i,8m;,  Junk.  20,  lyi.t.]        THE    ELECTKICATi    KI'LVll'AV. 


10:i7 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELEOTRIOAL     OOMFANIZB. 


ENOUSH   ELECTBICITT   8DFPLT   AND  FOWEB   COHFAIOES. 


Boarnamontb  A  Pools,  Ord,    ,. 

Do.    4*%Pret 

Do.    Second  6  %  Fret. 

Do.    4i  %  Deb.  Btock  . . 
Brompton  i  KenslngtoD,  Ord... 

Do.    T  %  Cum.  Pref 

Genual  Bleolrlo  B^ply,  <  %l 

Qd»,  Deb.  f 

Ohkring  Gross,  West  End  A  Olty 

Do.    41%0uni.  Pref 

DOi     "City     Undertaking  "  1 
<i  %  Cum.  Pref.  J 

Do,         Do.  4%  Deb 

Obelees,  Ord 

Do.    44%  Deb 

OttT  of  London,  Ord 

Do,    8%0nm.  Pref 

Do.    B%Deb 

Do.    4i  %  Second  Deb, 
Ooonty  of  London,  Ord 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do,    4{  %  Second  Deb. 
BdmondBon's,  Ord. 

Do.    8  %  Oum.  Pre! 

Do.    6%  Non-Cum.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    4i  %  First  Mori.  Deb.  . . 
Folkestone 

Do.    6%0am.  Pref 

Do.    4i%  First  Deb 

BOTe 


B 

100 

S 
B 


Stock 

100 

10 

10 

Stock 

Stock 

^3 

S 

e 

100 

B 

B 
100 

B 


DlTldends 
for 


I 


Closing 
Qnotatlons 
June  171)1. 


4-  93 

10  —  101 

96  —  08 
83-  9i 
8i-    8| 

94  —  97 
4  -  4i 
4*-  48 
Si-     4 

90  —  9'.!  xd 

43-  6i 
96  —  99 
15  —  16) 
Hi-  r^i 

116  —120 
100  —109 

loa-  m 

Hi-  la 

104  -106 
98  —101 

44-  4? 

83  —  86 

44—  e 
44-  5 

90-93 
7i-    11 


Rise 

Present 

+  or 

Yield 

Fkll 

P.O. 

— 

«»■  d. 

:t 

6  17    1 

4  12    4 

BUS 

4  11  10 

-  4 

5    8     1 

4    0    0 

.. 

«    3    6 

,, 

6  11     1 

4  17    4 

S  12    6 

4    7    0 

4  16    B 

4  10  11 

5    9     1 

- 1 

4  16    0 

4    8    4 

4    8    8 

6  10    4 

6    0    0 

4     6    0 

4    9     1 

Nil 

3    6    8 

6    4    8 

6    0    0 

6    0    0 

4  17  10 

B  16    3 

Kensington  A  Knlgbtsbrldge,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  Bleo.  Power,  44  %  Deb.  .. 
London  Blectrlc,  Ord 

Do.    e%Pre( 

Do.  4  %  First  Mori.  Deb.  .. 
Melropolilan         

Do.    41  %  Cam.  Pref 

Do.    4{  %  First  Mori.  Deb.  . . 

Do.    84  %  Mori.  Deb 

NortbMelropollten  Power  flap. ) 

ply,  B  %  Mortgages  (Red.)  / 

Nolllng    Hill,   e  %  Mon-Cam. ) 

Pref./ 

Oxford  

81.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Sootb  London,  Ord 

Do.  B  %  First  Men.  Deb.  . . 
Sootb  Metropolitan,  T  %  Pref.. . 

Do,  44  %  First  Deb.  Block  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.  44%Flrst  Mori.  Deb. .. 
Weslmineter,  Ord,  ..        .. 

Do.    44%  0am,  Pref 


Blook 

Dividends 

Bbare. 

(or 

• 

ini. 

1919. 

6 

9 

81 

1  Blook 

4 

4 

!  Btock 

a 

^ 

44 
24 

B 

R 

It 

Btock 

4 

4 

:     B 

4 

41 

6 

4 

H 

Btock 

4 

H 

Btock 

B 

Bj 

100 

B 

e 

10 

6 

6 

B 

li 

64 

B 

10 

lot 

6 

7 

7 

100 

84 

84 

4 

6 

6 

100 

R 

6 

1 

7 

7 

100 

«4 

«4 

£8 

Nil 

B 

3 

t 

100 

«4 

*4 

B 

10 

10 

B 

a 

44 

Oloiint     I  BIm  PnwDl 

Qaolalloni      -f  or  I  Ttold 
Junn  17tb.       Fall  I     p.O. 


71-    71 

90  —  »8 
76  —  80 

n-   11 

44-    8 
HH  —  91  Id 
B4-    Bt 

*i-   «» 

99  —102 

to  —  88 
98  —101 
9I-10J 

6iii 

84  —  87 

9BJ  -1014 

96^  99 

2fl    3xd 
81-87 
8—84 


-  4 


-4 


COLONIAL  AND  FOREIGN  ELECTBICITT  SUPPLY  AND  POWER. 


Adelaide,  6  %  Pret 

Oalcatta,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Calgary  Power,  Ist  Mori.  Eds. 
Canadian  Oen.  Bl.  Com. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Cordoba  Lt,,  Power  and T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Bleo.  LI.  and  P.  of  Oochabamba, ) 

S  %  Bonds  I 

Bleo.  Supply  Victoria.  6  %  Ist ) 

Mori.  Deb, ) 

Bleo.  Dot.  Ontario,  6   %    Ist) 

Mori.  Bonds  i 

Kalgoorlle  Bleo.  P.  and  L,,  Ord. 

Do.    8%  Pref .. 

KamlnlBtiqalaPower,6%  Q.  Bs. 

Madras,  Ord 

Melboarne,  E  %  Isl  Mori,  Deb. 
Mexican  Bl.  LI.,  S%  Isl  M.  Eds. 
Uexloan  Lt,  A  Power,  Common 

Do.    7%  Oum.  Pref 

Oo.    6  %  Isl  Mori.  Qold  Eds, 


100 
$100 
$100 


$600 

10/- 
1 

$600 
6 
100 

$160 
$100 


A 

6 

84 

84 

£ 

6 

6 

6 

7 

7 

7 

7 

a 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

E 

E 

B 

Nil 

6 

6 

E 

6 

Nil 

E 

6 

E 

6 

4 

*\ 

7 

7 

B 

E 

6  —    Bi 

6?-  7} 
4}S-  5,% 
984—  954 
112  —115 
118  —123 
H-  I 
94  —  96 

90  —  92  xd 
90  —  93 

924-  944 

t'a —     i 

ICO  —102 
li-    li 

1084-1064 
80  —  83 
67  -  70 
98  —102 
87  —  90 


E  14    8 

6  17    3 

4  16    6 

6    6    8 

6    1     9 

6  13  10 

6  14     3 

6     4    2 

-2 

6  10    6 

5    7    6 

-1 

5    5    9 

Nil 

H-i'fl 

9  12    0 

4  18    0 

—  4 

+  4 

4  14    0 

6  19     1 

6  14    4 

6  17    3 

5  11    1 

Monterey  Bly.  Light  A  Power,  \ 

6  %  Ist  Mori.  Deb.  | 

Montreal,  LI.,  H.  and  Power  . . 

Northern.  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal,  I 

5  %  iBt  Mort.  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do,    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref.     . . 

Do.    6  %  Deb.  Stock    . . 

Roy.  Eleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %) 

let  Mort.  Deb.  J 

Bhawlnigan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con,  let  Mort.  Bonds 

Do.    44  %  Per.  Deb 

Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb, 
Vera  Crui  Lt„  P.  and  T.,  6  %) 
Isl  Mort.  Deb.  J 
Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 
West  Eootenay  Power  and  Lt., ) 
Isl  Mort.  6  %  Qold  [ 


100 

E 

6 

$100 

8 

9t 

$500 

6 

6a 

Btock 

10 

10 

Do. 

6 

6 

Do. 

B 

6 

100 

«4 

44 

8100 

B 

£4 

$500 

5 

5 

Stock 
Do. 

11 

n 

100 

6 

B 

1 

llgd. 

"id. 

100 

6 

6 

79  -  82 

210  -220 

15  —  25 

207  —217 

102  -107 

ICO  -102 

100  —102 

126  —180 

-3 

107  —109 

97  -100 

97  — lOOxd 

93  —  95 

ll-  a 

106  -108 

TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


Amaion  Telegraph         . . 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Red 

American  Telep,  &  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do,    OoUat.  Trust 
Anglo-American  Telegraph 

Do.    6%  Pref. 

Do.    Def 

Anglo  •  Fortaguese   Tel.,  6  %  1 
Mori.  Deb.  / 

Cblll  Telephone 

Commercial  Cable,  Sllg.  4%  Deb. 
Ooba  Telegraph 

Do.    10%  Pref 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.    10  %  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W,  India  Cable,  44  %) 
Reg.  Deb,  I 
Bastem  Telegraph,  Ord.  Stock 

Do,    84%  Pref.  Stock.. 

Do.    4  %Mort.  Deb 

Bastern  Extension 

Do.    4%  Deb. 


Bast  and  B.   Africa  Tel.  4  %) 
Ml.  Db.  Mauritius  Bub.  f 
Qlobe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Sreal  Northern  Telegraph 
Indo-European  Telegraph        ,. 
Idaokay  Companies  Common  .. 

Do.    4%  Oum.  Pref 

Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    1.%  Cam.  Fartio.  Pref. 


10 

4 

*»+ 

stock 

E 

6 

$100 

H 

Ht 

$1000 

4 

4 

Stock 

B 

B 

Do, 

6 

H 

Do. 

80/. 

30/- 

100 

E 

E 

6 

7 

R 

Stock 

4 

4 

10 

» 

K 

10 

10 

10 

6 

4 

4t 

E 

10 

10 

10 

5 

4 

100 

4 

4 

Stock 

7 

7t 

Do. 

84 

84 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

7 

7 

Btock 

i 

4 

9E 

« 

« 

10 

B 

6t 

10 

S 

6 

10 

18 

20 

36 

IB 

18 

$100 

6 

6 

$100 

4 

4 

1 

30 

1 

17 

6i-  71 
97  -  99 
130  —133 

91  —  93 
61  —  64 

1074-109 
23  —  23J 

104  —106 

7H-   tii 

834—  854 
84-  94 
15|-  16l 
BJ—  Si 
63-  7i 
6i-  61 
99  —101 
129  —131 
74  —  76 
90  —  92 
124-  13 

92  —  94 
984-1004 

114-  US 

12i-  12i 
30-32 
55  —  57 
80-83x3 
67  —  70  xd 
33—  34 
23—    3 


6    2    0 

6    1     0 

+  1 

6    0    4 

4    5     1 

4  13  -9 

6  10    0 

-4 

6    7    8 

4  15    3 

6     1     1 

-4 

4  13    7 

+  i 

6    6    4 

5  19     4 

6    6    8 

6  18    0 

6    5    6 

4    9    0 

6    6  10   1 

-  4 

4  12    1    , 

4    7    0 

+  S 

5    7    8 

4    5     1 

8  11    7 

6    3    8 

4  13    3 

-  4 

6    5    0 

5  14    0 

-14 

6    0    6 

6  14     4 

:1 

6  14     3 

5  13    4 

Monle  Video  Telephone,  Ord. .. 

Do.    6  %  Pref 

New  Tork  Telep.,  44%  Gen.  Ends. 
Oriental  Telep,  and  Gleo. 

Do.    8  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4  %  Red.  Deb 

Paoiilo  and  European  Tel.,  4  % ) 
Quar.  Debs.  J 

Router's       

Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Oo.  of  Egypt,  44  % ) 
Deb.  Red.  ] 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6%  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  ,. 

Do,     4  %  Debs.,  1  to     ,6001 

guar,  by  Braz.  Sub.  Tel.  J 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  let  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Com.  3nd  Pref. 

Do,    6%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

6 

6t 

1 

B 

6 

100 

44 

44 

I 

R 

Ifl 

1 

6 

6 

stock 

4 

4 

Do. 

1 

4 

10 

10 

10 

Cert. 

(f 

6 

Stock 

44 

44 

E 

8 

8t 

5 

B 

B 

ii4 

!i4 

100 

4 

i 

10 

li 

li 

10 

6 

6 

10 

6 

6 

100 

6 

B 

10 

7 

7t 

stock 

4 

4 

$1000 

44 

44 

^1=1 

96i-  97i 
1}^-     IH 

14-  U 
88  —  90 

98  -100 

9|—  10| 
124  -127 
964-  984 
64—  7 
64-  Bi 
lA-  lA 
96  —  99 

n-  n 
94— 10 

9i-  9i! 
101  —103 
13  —  134 
93  —  95" 
90  —  98 


^Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  fully  paid.  a  Paid  In  deterred  interest  warrants. 


\  Interim  DlTidend. 


8e.  In  Funded  Diridend  Certs. 


CONTINUED    ON    NEXT    PAGE. 


1038 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW,     [voi.  72.  No.  i.sse.  June  20,  1913. 


SHARE    LIST    OF    ELECTRICAL    COMPANIES.-«%n^i)t««<i.) 

ELECTBIC   RAILWAYS   AND   TBAMWAY8.— HOME. 


Bath  TniDi,  Pref.  Ori 

Do.    B%Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Brit.  Eleo.  Tr»o.,  6  %  Pref.     . . 

Do,        Do.  Deferred      .. 

Do.        Do.  6%Cum.Pr'( 

Do.  7%  Non-Cum.  Pr'f. 

Do.  6  %  Perp.  Deb.      . . 

Do.  4i  %  toa  Deb.       . . 

C  antral  London  Railway,  Ord, 

Do,    PreJ 

Do.    DeJ 

Do.    4  %  Deb 

City  A  B.  London,  6%  Pref.,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1896     .. 

Do.         Do.         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         190S     .. 

Do.    (  %  Deb 

Breat  Northern  4  Cfty,  Pr'f.  Ord 
HaetlngB  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4)  %  Deb 

ele  of  Thanet  Trams,  6%  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Lancaebire  Dnlted,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
London  Eleo.  Ralln'ys,  4  %  Deb, 
London  United  Trams,  4  %  Deb. 


1 
1 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 
6 
100 
100 
100 
100 


Dividends 
(or 


1911. 
NU 
B 


Closing 
Qaotations 
June  17th. 


72  -  T7 
9J-  114 
5J-  74 
88  —  66 
42  —  45 
88  —  92 

74  -  78 

75  -  77 
eo  -  82 

76  —  78 
it9  —101 

101  —103 
100  -109 
99  -102 

97  —ICO 
92  —  94 

6?  -  73 
24-  2i 
76  —  80 
73-80 

98  —  95 
62-66 


Rise 
+  or 
Fall 


-i 


Present 
Tleld 

P.O. 


/  a.  d 

mi 

6    8    I 
6  17    0 


6  19  6 

6  13  4 

6  8  8 

5  IS  6 

t6  4  0 

:4  17  7 

16  2  7 

8  19  8 

4  17  1 

4  18  0 

4  18  0 


6  0  0 
4    6  1 

NU 

7  13  7 
6  8  3 
4  16  8 
6  0  0 
6  6  0 
4  4  4 
6    13 


■Am, 


HatropoUtan  BaUway  Ooniol. . . 

Do.    Bnrplns  Landa    .. 

Do.    84  %  Deb 

Do,    Bi%Pre( 

Do.    8i%  Con.  Pre! 

Metropolitan  DUtrlot  Ord, 

Do.    8%  Deb 

Do.    4  %  Deb •      .. 

Do.    4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

Do.    4*%  First  Pref 

Do.    84%Qtd 

Metro.  Eleo.  Trams,  44  %  Deb, 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

South  NIetro.  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Dndergrotmd     Eleo,    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cam.  Ino.  Deb, 

Do.    44%  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Torkshlre  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pre! 

Do.    44%  Deb 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 
10 
!/• 
100 
100 
100 
6 
6 
100 


DlTldends 
for 


Closing 
Quotations 
June  17th. 


BUe 

+  or 
Fall 


+  li 


-4 

ti^ 


Present 
Yield 

P.O. 


RLECTBICAL    RAILWAYS    AND   TRAMWAYS.— COLONIAL   AND    FOREIGN. 


/Uiglo-Arg.  Trams,  let  Pret.     .. 

Do.    9nd  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Auckland  Trams,  B  %  Deb. 
Bombay  Elec.  8.  &  Trams,  Pref. 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.     6%  2nd  Deb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light    and  \ 
Power  / 
Brisbane  Trams  Invt.,  Ord. 

Do.     B%Pre( 

Do.     44%  Deb 

B.  Columbia  Eleo.  BIy.,  Del,    .. 

Do.     Pref.  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44  %  let  Mort.  Deb. 

Do.     44  %  Vanoonver  Deb,    . . 

Do.    4|  %  Con.  Deb 

Calcutta  Trams,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Cape  Electric  Trams 

City  Buenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Colombo  Eleo,  Tr.  &  Lt.,  6%  Deb. 
Havana  Elec.  Rly.,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Elec.  Trams  .. 

Do.    6%  A  Deb 

Do,    6%BDeb 


6 
6 

^ 

l\ 

100 

4 

t 

100 

<4 

44 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

10 

6 

6 

100 

«4 

44 

100 

6 

E 

«100 

6t 

t 

8 

H 

5 

6 

6 

100 

44 

H 

100 

8 

«+ 

100 

6 

6 

100 

6 

E 

40 

t 

4 

100 

4 

4 

100 

4 

4 

6 

7 

6 

6 

6 

6 

100 

1 

>1 

44 

5 

6 

6 

6t 

100 

4 

4 

100 

S 

E 

tiooo 

8 

E 

1 

Nil 

100 

5 

E 

100 

6 

8 

4^4l| 
92  —  94 
97  -  99 
964-  974 
101  —103 
lOi-  114 

96  -  98 

97  —  99 

89  -91 

6Z-  71 
4|-  54 
99  —102 
122  -12G 
109  -112 
100  -103 
100  —103 
100  —102 

92  —  94 
6|--    64 

97|-10o|^ 

H-   a 

H  -    5,'„ 

93  —  97 

904-  944 

97  -101 

85  —  90 
26  —  85 


6    7    4 

6  14    3 

+  4 

4    6    2 

4  11    0 

-4 

6    2    6 

4  17    1 

6    4    4 

4  11  10 

6     1     0   1 

+  2 

6  12    0 

6    8    6 

4    8  11 

4    8    3 

—2 

6    7    0 

+  4 

5    7    2 

+  1 

4  17     1 

4    7    6 

4    8    8 

4  10    5 

-  4 

6  14    3 

+  A 

4  16    5 

4    9    7 

6    3    1 

+  •(5, 

4  12    0 

4    2    6 

6    6  10 

4  19    0 

Nil 

E  11     1 

La  Plata  Eleo.  Tnna,  Ord, 

Do.    Pref.  

Lisbon  Elec.  Trama,  Ord,         .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr.  (1904),  Deb.  .. 
Manaos  Trams  &  Lt.,  Ist  Deb. . . 
Manila  Elec.  R.  and  Ltg.,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do.    Gen.  Con.  5  %  Bonds    . . 

Do.    6%  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Blys.  &  Lt.,  Ord.     .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    6%  Ist  Deb 

Perth  (W.A.)  Eleo.  Tr„  Ord,    .. 

Do.    6%  1st.  Deb 

Rangoon  El.  Tr.  &  Sup.,  Pref. .. 

Do.    44%  1st  Deb 

Rlode  Janeiro  Trams,  IstMort. ) 
6  %  Bonds  ; 

Do.  6  %  Mort.  Bonds 
Bao  Paulo  Tram,  Lt.  and  P.  1 
6  %  Ist  Deb.  ; 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb.  . . 
Southern  El.  Tr.  B.A.,  B  %  Deb, 
On.  Elec.  Trams  Monte  Video  .. 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do.    B%^l8tDeb 

Winnipeg  Elec,  Bly,,  44  %  Deb. 


1 

Nil 

1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

44d. 

1 

6 

fl 

100 

E 

100 

B 

100 

6 

<1000 

6 

•100 

T 

tt 

6 

100 

6 

6 

10 

10 

E 

6 

100 

B 

1 

5 

64 

100 

B 

E 

« 

100 

44 

44 

6 

100 

6 

•600 

6 

100 

6 

100 

6 

E 

7 

6t 

E 

6 

6 

100 

E 

S 

100 

44 

44 

+  4 


-4 
+1 
+1 

-i 


MANUFACTURING  COMPANIES. 


Aion,  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Babcock  ft  Wilooz 

Do.    Pref.  

British  Aluminium,  Ord. 

Do.     6  %  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

Do.     Deb.  Btk 

B.I.  ft  Eelsby  Cables 

Do.    Pref.  

Do.    Deb 

British  Thomson-Houston,  Deb. 
British  Westinghouse,  Pref.    . . 

Do.    Deb 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  Lindley,  Ord 

Do.     Pref 

Brush,  7%  Pref 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb,     . . 

Do.    44%  Deb 

Do.    44  %  Second  Deb, 
Callender's  Cable 

Do.     Pref 

Do.    Deb 

Uastner-Eellner 

Do.    Dab 


1 

R 

1 

6 

6 

1 

SH 

1« 

1 

R 

6 

1 

Nil 

1 

Nil 

6 

100 

E 

B 

100 

E 

6 

6 

10 

lU 

E 

6 

« 

100 

44 

4 

100 

4 

4 

8 

NU 

Ni 

100 

4 

4 

100 

6 

6 

I 

1 

s 

Nil 

Nil 

100 

6 

6 

100 
100 

« 

8 

E 

U 

16 

E 

6 

B 

100 

44 

44 

1 

90 

90 

IQO 

41 

44 

it  It 


74-    8 

BJ-    61 

102  —104 

97  —  99 

66  —  70 
99  -102 
2/--fl/- 
4/6-6/- 

0-  i 
73  —  78 
88-48 
25  —  29 
11  -  11! 

il-    64 

98  —101 
8i-     Si 

lOU  —106 


+A 

7    7    8 

+A 

6  17    2 

5    4    6 

4    7    3 

6  17    2 

6    4    2 

B  16    8 

6    5    0 

4  14     1 

4    6    7 

4  11    0 

Nil 

1 

5  14    4 

B  17    8 

Nil 

Nil 

NU 

6    8    9 

10    9    4 

16  18    4 

6    7    8 

4  17    7 

4    9    1 

+^ 

6    6    8 

4    4  11 

Crompton  &  Co,    ..        .. 

Do.    Deb 

Dick,  Eerr 

Do.    Pref 

Edison  &  Swan,  A,  48  paid 

Do.    fully  paid  .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    6  %  Beoond  Deb. 
Electric  Constraotion     .. 

Do.    Pref 

Qreenwood  &  Batley,  Pref. 

Do.    Deb 

General  Electric,  6%  Pref, 

Do.    Deb 

Henley's,  Ord 

Do.    Pref 

Do.    Deb 

India-Robber,  a,  &  T.    . . 

Do.    Pref 

Telegraph  Oonstmotion.. 

Do.    Deb 

WUlans  &  RoblnaOD 

Do.    Pref. 

Do.    Deb 


8 

100 

1 

1 

E 
E 

100 

100 
9 
i 
10 

100 
10 

100 
E 


10 
19 
100 
1 
B 

too 


Dnlei  s  otherwise  stated,  all  share   are  folly  paid.       t  Interim  dlTidend.       t  Dividend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Undergronnd  Eleotrlo  Ballwaya. 


Bank  rate  ol  Discount  4^  par  o«nt.,  April  17th.  191?. 


Vol  72.    No.  l.sr.fi,  June  20,  191."?.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


1089 


REVIEWS. 


f  I  anil  buck  der   EhklrizHal   itnil  den  Magnnlisiniix.     Edited 

bv   Dr.  L.  Draetz.      Vol.   I,  Section    I.      Price    (I  M. 

Vol.  II,  Section  I.     Price  18  M.     Leipzig  :  J.  A.  Hartli. 

This  work,  which  is  to  be  completed  in  five  volumes,  is 
intended  aw  a  complete  survey  of  the  theoretical  and  experi- 
mental field  of  electricity  and  magnelisin,  giving  the  latest 
information  on  the  subject  and  all  necessary  references  to 
enable  the  reader  to  follow  up  any  jiarticular  point 
thoroughly.  The  engineering  and  technical  side  of  the 
subject  is  not  dealt  with. 

The  various  sections  are  to  be  handled  by  experts,  the  list 
of  names  including  those  of  some  of  the  foremost  German 
physicist;?. 

As  far  as  can  be  judged  from  the  present  portions  of  the 
first  two  volumes,  the  treatment  \i  thorough  and  complete. 
At  the  same  time,  a  fair  knowledge  of  the  ordinary  theory 
of  the  subject  is  assumed,  so  that  the  matter  can  be  dealt 
with  concisely  as  is,  of  course,  necessary  in  a  l)ook  of 
moderate  price  covering  so  large  a  ground. 

The  first  section  of  Vol.  I  contains  articles  on  "  Krictional 
Electricity,"  by  Dr.  L.  (^traetz  :  on  "  Electrical  Machines 
and  Apparatus,"  by  Dr.  W.  H.  Schmidt  ;  and  on  "Electro- 
static Apparatus  and    Measurements,"  by   Dr.  P.  Oermak. 

In  the  first  section  of  Vol.  II  are  articles  on  "  Stationary 
EJectric  Currents,"  by  Dr.  Felix  Auerbach  :  on  "  Measuring 
Instruments  and  Methods,"  and  on  "Absolute  Measurements 
and  Units,"  by  Dr.  W.  Jaeger. 

It  is  intended  to  publish  the  whole  of  the  remaining 
sections  and  volumes  within  a  period  of  two  years. 


The  Practice  of  Electrical  Wiring.     By  Donalj)  Smeaton 

MuNRO.       London  :    H.    Alabaster,   r4atehouse    &    Co. 

Price  ?>?,.  net. 

A  good  many  books  have  been  written  on  wiring,  some 
intended  for  the  householder  or  consumer,  others  for  the 
wireman  or  plumber,  others  for  the  contractor,  and  others  for 
no  one  in  particular. 

In  the  introductory  chapter,  the  author  tells  us  that  his 
book  is  not  intended  for  the  non-electrical  reader,  but  rathei- 
for  those  who  have  had,  or  are  now  receiving,  a  certain 
amount  of  practical  training  in  applied  wiring.  It  is 
intended  also  to  prove  useful  to  architects,  engineers  and 
others  who  are  interested  in  this  branch  of  electrical  work. 

The  author  has  succeeded  uncommonly  well  in  writing  a 
book  which  in  every  way  fulfils  his  intentions,  and  the 
reader  will  find  something  of  practical  interest  on  almost 
every  page. 

Glancing  through  the  pages  wliich  deal  with  early  instal- 
lations, one  cannot  help  remarking  on  the  differences  between 
modern  practice,  and  the  crude  methods  of  30  years  ago 
when  bare  wires  were  run  on  varnished  wood  battens.  This 
method  was  followed  by  the  zinc  tubing  system,  two  tubes  at 
first  being  employed,  each  containing  one  conductor  insulated 
with  pure  rubber.  The  tubes  were  kept  separate  from  each 
other,  just  as  though  they  were  the  actual  conductors. 

Some  of  these  pioneer  installations,  erected  in  the  early 
eighties,  are  still  in  satisfactory  use,  although  the  pressures 
have  been  raised  to  a  much  higher  figure  than  was  ever 
contemplated.  Such  an  installation  put  up  nowadays  would 
be  considered  quite  unsafe,  and  would  not  be  passed  by  any 
fire  office.  No  doubt  the  safety  of  those  early  installations 
is  due  largely  to  the  fact  that  they  were  put  up  by  elec- 
tricians, men  who  to-day  would  be  regarded  as  amateurs. 

Turning,  however,  to  present-day  practice,  one  is  pleased 
to  note  the  author's  criticism  of  the  "  looping "  system, 
which  is  often  carried  to  absurd  lengths  :  to  save  a  soldered 
joint,  we  may  have  to  put  up  with  the  disadvantage  of  a 
plurality  of  insecure  connections. 

Discussing  conduit  wiring  on  page  17,  the  author  recom- 
mends us  to  "  Keep  away  from  hot  pipes,  keep  far  away 
from  gas  pipes,  and  avoid  possibility  of  contact  with  all 
other  metal  work."  This  sounds  very  much  like  an  extract 
from  the  rules  of  an  insurance  company,  and  it  is  advice 
which  cannot  always  be  followed.  Take  the  case  of  a 
modern  factory.     The  electrical  conduits  must  be  fixed  to 


the  steel  girders,  Rtanchions,  Ac,  which  form  the  con- 
structional framework,  and  wliilst  they  may  he  kept  quite 
clear  of  gas  or  other  pipes,  these  pijies  arc  also  fixfd  to  the 
same  metal  work,  and  are,  theref(jre,  in  metallic  contact 
with  each  other.  The  rule  on  which  this  advice  is  founded 
has  always  struck  us  as  illogical,  arid  it  wf)uld  \x'.  \tcXUiT  to 
insist  on  ellicient  earthing  and  mechanical  iKjnding  tf^gether 
of  nil  pi|)es  and  metal  work  than  to  recommend  that  they 
should  be  kept  apart — a  separation  which  is  generally  only 
apparent  and  not  real. 

The  author  rightly  points  out  that  "  witli  A.r.  the  sum 
of  all  currents  flowing  at  any  moment  in  the  wnductorH 
within  a  metal  tube,  or  near  other  metal,  must  be  zero," 
but  is  not  this  put  rather  too  academi(;ally  in  a  lKK)k  of 
this  character  ?     It  will  be  double  Dutch  to  some  readers. 

The  remarks  on  the  treatment  of  cables  are  very  sound, 
and  some  of  these  might  with  advantage  l>e  reprinted  by 
wiring  contractors  and  handed  out  to  their  men,  as  it  is 
almost  heart-breaking  to  see  the  careless  manner  in  which 
cables  are  generally  treated  prior  to  erection. 

There  is  an  excellent  section  on  jointing,  and  the  remarks 
on  jointing  tlcxibles  to  solid  wires  are  particularly  interesting. 
The  author  a|ipears  to  apply  to  the  term  "  married  "  joint, 
a  specialised  meaning.  South  of  the  Border  "  married  "  and 
"  spliced  "  arc  practically  synonymous  terms,  whether  applied 
to  cables  or  to  human  beings,  and  the  terms  "  brush  "  and 
"  spigot "  joint  would  also  appear  to  be  localised  terms. 
Married,  or  spliced,  and  telescopic  are  the  more  usual  terms 
employed. 

The  author  has  a  good  word  to  say  for  wood  casing,  and 
there  is  no  doubt  that  for  some  classes  of  work  it  is  quite 
good,  and  is  preferable  under  practically  any  circumstances 
to  slip-joint  conduit. 

There  is  some  extremely  practical  advice  to  be  found  in 
the  conduit  section — but  why  particularise  further  ?  The 
book  is  good  from  cover  to  cover,  and  is  obviously  the  out- 
come of  an  intimate  acquaintance  with  practical  wiring  as 
applied  to  electric  lighting,  for  there  is  no  mention  of  motors. 
— F.B. 


Design  of  Polyphase  Generators    and  Motors.     By    H.  M. 

HoBART.     London  :  Hill  Publishing  Co.     Price  128.  6d. 

net. 

Mr.  Hobart  is  a  most  energetic  producer  of  books  on  elec- 
trical subjects,  and  his  works  cover  a  remarkably  wide  range 
— from  electrical  propulsion  of  ships,  electric  railways,  and 
books  on  design  similar  to  the  one  under  review,  to  ele- 
mentary text-books  on  the  principles  of  electricity.  Occa- 
sionally, the  author — or  compiler — of  this  mass  of  literature 
does  not  pay  the  slightest  regard  to  conventional  methods 
or  terms;  he  strongly  "says  his  say"  on  highly  controversial 
matters,  and,  in  consequence,  some  of  his  books  are  rather 
painful  reading  in  places,  and  altogether  unreasonably  expen- 
sive at  the  price  asked  for  them.  (Others  are  fairly  wel- 
come, and,  on  the  whole,  this  latest  treatise  is  of  this 
character. 

Mr.  Hobart  commences  by  giving  his  views,  based  on  the 
experience  gained  at  three  of  the  technical  schools  in  London, 
at  which  he  recently  lectured  on  the  design  of  electrical 
machinery,  on  meth  ds  of  teaching  and  the  "  sandwich " 
system  of  engineering  education.  Briefly,  it  may  be  stated 
that  he  favours  the  "sandwich  "  system,  and  thinks  that  it 
is  the  function  of  the  professional  teacher  to  supply  the 
student  with  essential  preparatory  information,  and  for  an 
outside  practitioner  to  lecture  on  subjects  with  which  he  has 
occasion  to  be  especially  familiar.  In  the  same  preface  he 
gives  a  list  of  subjects  relating  to  the  subject  matter  of  this 
book,  but  which  he  does  not  discuss.  These  include  the 
stresses  calkd  into  play  when  generators  are  short-circuited 
or  put  to  work  partly  unsynchronised.  parallel  operation,  and 
wave  form,  which  is  rather  a  piiy  since,  although  there  have 
been  a  number  of  papers  recently  read  dealing  with  these 
subjects,  the  information  is  not  accessible  to  students  in  a 
text-book,  while  the  bulk  of  the  information  contained  in 
this  book  already  exists  in  text-book  form. 

Chapter  I  is  introductory,  and  might  have  been  omitted 
without  disadvantage. 

Chapter  II  deals  with  the  design  of  three-phase  alter- 
nators.    It  contains  a  large  nqmbpr  of  formnlae  and  tables. 


1040 


THE    ELECTKICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  7?.  No.  i.sr.e,  june  20,  i9is. 


and  the  design  of  a  low-speed  alternator  is  worked  through 
as  an  example.  The  method  of  determining  the  funda- 
mental dimensions  is  by  means  of  a  table  giving  the  pole 
pitch,  and  by  an  output  coefficient.  A  table  of  specific 
loadings  is  given,  but  this  is  only  used  for  finding  the 
number  of  conductors  required.  The  reviewer  has  checked 
a  number  of  these  constants,  and  they  appear  to  be  well  on 
the  safe  side.  A  quantity  of  quite  elementary  matter  is  to 
be  found  in  this  chapter,  e.g.,  how  to  find  the  number  of 
poles  required  for  an  alternator,  dynamic  induction,  &c. 

Polyphase  generators  with  distributed  field  windings  are 
di.scussed  in  Chapter  III.  The  treatment  is  very  meagre — 
the  whole  chapter  only  consisting  of  five  pages.  Since  the 
modern  tendency  is  almost  entirely  towards  using  this  type 
of  rotor  for  high-speed  alternators,  more  attention  should 
have  been  given  to  the  subject  even  in  a  test-book  for 
technical  schools. 

The  design  of  squirrel-cage  induction  motors  is  treated  in 
the  succeeding  chapter.  A  table  of  pole  pitches  and  output 
coefficients  is  again  used  for  determining  the  leading 
dimensions.  For  predetermining  the  dispersion  coefficient, 
or  "  circle  ratio "  as  the  author  calls  it,  a  lengthy  table  is 
given,  and  also  a  formula.  Stress  is  rightly  laid  on  the 
approximate  character  of  this  predetermination.  A  small 
amount  of  information  is  given  in  this  chapter  on  works 
cost,  together  with  some  useful  data  regarding  the  total 
weight  in  relation  to  weight  of  effective  material.  The 
design  of  totally  enclosed  motors  leceives  no  attention 
whatever. 

Following  this  we  have  eight  pages  devoted  to  the  design 
of  slip-ring  motors.  "We  are  afraid  that  the  information 
given  relating  to  rotor  windings  will  be  insufficient  for  the 
average  student.  The  method  of  calculating  the  necessary 
external  resistance  for  obtaining  maximum  starting  torque 
should  also  ha-Fe  been  given. 

Chapter  YI  is  a  reprint  of  certain  portions  of  articles  con- 
tributed by  the  author  to  the  General  Electric  Revittv  A^sXmg 
with  synchronous  motors  i\  induction  motors,  and  is  very 
good.  An  outline  of  the  design  of  an  induction  generator  is 
given  in  Chapter  VII,  and  as  far  as  it  goes,  is  remarkably 
good.  Some  useful  methods  of  ventilating  this  type  of 
machine  are  given. 

In  connection  with  the  lecture  courses  given  by  the 
author,  he  has  had  occasion  to  set  a  number  of  examination 
papers,  and  some  of  these  papers  are  reproduced  in 
Chapter  VIII.  These  examples  comprise  various  problems 
connected  with  the  design  of  alternators  and  motors,  and 
should  prove  useful  to  teachers  and  students. 

There  are  four  appendices  to  the  book  giving  biblio- 
graphies connected  with  the  subject-matter,  trigonometrical 
and  wire  tables.  As  is  becoming  common  in  books  of  this 
character,  several  coloured  winding  diagrams  are  included. 

The  reviewer  would  have  liked  to  see  some  information 
regarding  the  mechanical  design  of  machines  incorporated 
in  the  book,  since  this  class  of  work  is  at  least  as  important 
as  the  purely  electrical  design,  and  is  often  quite  ignored,  or 
receives  inadequate  treatment  in  books  on  the  design  of 
electrical  machinery. — H.  G.  S. 


NOTES    FROM    CANADA. 


[from  ouk  own  corukspondent.] 


Iniversify  of  lIonn:-Koii(^. — We  have  received  from 

Tfof.  C.  A.  M.  Smith,  Dean  of  theFacuUy  of  Engireerinp,  a  hrochvrr 
containing  particulars  recardirp  the  Faculty  of  Enginefrinjr  at  the 
University — explaining  the  echtme  of  study,  regulations  for  the 
degree  of  B.Si.Eng.,  the  syllabus  of  subject?,  and  the  cost  of 
instruction,  residence,  &c.  An  historical  sketch  of  the  University 
is  included.  An  important  section  of  the  volume  gives  details  of 
the  engineering  equipment  already  presented  to  the  University, 
with  the  names  of  the  donors,  which  we  are  glad  to  see  makes  a 
very  good  show  ;  particulars  are  also  given  of  other  apparatus 
which  are  urgently  needed  for  the  engineering  laboratories  and 
workshops.  In  an  introduction  by  the  Dean  two  important  facts 
are  emphasised  :  the  almost  complete  absence  of  science  in  China, 
and  the  insatiable  desire  of  the  Chinese  for  scientific  knowledge. 
The  University  is  in  its  infancy  ;  it  may  become  an  immense  power 
in  the  development  of  British  trade  in  the  East,  and  if  we  at  home 
support  it  as  we  ought,  undoubtedly  it  will.  Hong-Kong  is  already 
a  noted  centre  for  general  education,  and  if  we  see  to  it  that  it 
becomes  the  focus  of  engineering  training,  drawing  towards  it  the 
yonng  men  who  have  been  awakened  by  the  revolution  to  the  need 
for  acquiring  "Western  learning,"  the  eupremacy  of  British 
enRrineering  in  the  East  will  b«  assured. 


The  Mayor  of  Vancouver  has  just  issued  a  public  warning, 
according  to  the  daily  papers,  that  "  too  many  people  are 
coming  to  Vancouver  seeking  work,  giving  up  good  posi- 
tions in  the  Old  Country."  The  Mayor  is  afraid  tbat  there 
will  be  many  of  the  new  arrivals  out  of  work  next  winter. 

The  Campbell  River  Power  Co.  proposes  to  erect  a  hydro- 
electric power  plant  to  sup[>ly  electricity  all  over  Vancouver 
Island.  Three  hundred  thousand  horse-power  is  to  be 
developed  at  a  cost  of  from  £2,400,000  to  £3,000,000. 

Petrol-electric  cars  are  to  be  used  by  the  Pacific  Great 
Eastern  .Railway  on  a  new  section  of  line  now  being 
constructed. 

The  plant  of  the  Dawson  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co., 
of  Dawson  City,  in  the  Yukon,  was  totally  destroyed  by  fire 
last  month.  The  loss  must  have  been  very  serious,  as  all 
light  and  power,  and  even  the  water  supply,  were  dependent  on 
the  supply  of  electricity.  The  money  loss  is  placed  at  about 
£40,000. 

The  town  of  Edmonton,  Alberta,  has  decided  to  lay  about 
21  miles  of  track  for  tramways  this  summer ;  extra  cars 
also  have  just  been  ordered. 

The  question  of  technical  education  has  been  reported 
on  recently  by  the  Royal  Commission  on  Industrial  Training 
and  Technical  Education.  The  chief  recommendation  is 
that  the  Dominion  Government  should  annually,  for  ten 
years,  furnish  £000,000,  to  be  divided  among  the  Provinces 
on  a  basis  of  population.  The  establishment,  or  extension, 
and  maintenance  of  classes  for  industrial  training  and 
technical  education  ;  the  provision  of  suitable  apptiancee, 
&c. ;  and  the  publication  of  scholarships,  are  among  the  recom- 
mendations of  the  Commission.  The  importance  of  having 
the  manufacturing  and  commerc.'al  interests  of  any  locality 
ready  and  able  to  co-operate  in  carrying  out  the  work  is 
also  emphasised. 

The  Commission  states  that  : — 

1.  Secondary  vocational  education  should  be  provided  for  those 
who  follow  manual  industry  vocations. 

2.  Such  persons  should  have  opportunities  for  acquiring  secondary 
education  which  would  be  as  fully  advantageous  to  them  in  their 
vocations  as  the  secondary  education  provides.  General  school 
system  has  been  advantageous  to  those  who  enter  into  learned 
occupations. 

Secondary  education  for  those  who  have  gone  to  work  should  be 
provided  in  day  and  evening  classes  in  close  co  relation  with  their 
occupations,  while  they  are  still  learners,  also  when  they  have 
become  skilled  workmen  or  journeymen,  or  have  come  to  fill 
positions  as  foremen,  superintendents,  or  managers. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  these  recommendations  will  be  acted 
upon,  as  in  this  country  the  facilities  for  technical  education, 
outside  of  the  large  cities,  are  few  and  far  between,  and, 
apart  from  the  correspondence  schools,  there  is  no  way  by 
which  the  younger  generation  of  residents  in  the  rural 
districts  can  gain  much  knowledge  beyond  the  mere  rudi- 
ments. Of  course,  those  whose  parents  can  afford  to  do  so,  send 
their  children  to  the  technical  schools  and  colleges  in  the  big 
towns,  but  there  are  many  young  people  for  whom  such  a 
course  is  impossible,  and  who  have  to  start  work  at  an  early 
age,  having  little  or  no  chance  of  fitting  themseh'es  for  the 
higher  positions.  Distances  between  towns,  absence  of  good 
roads,  the  severe  winters  atid  the  poor  train  fervices  (due  to 
scanty  population)  are  some  of  the  difficulties  which  mili- 
tate against  young  men  and  women  living  outside  the  towns 
getting  any  secondary  education  at  present,  but  these 
proposals  are  a  decided  step  in  advance  and  in  the  right 
direction. 


Terrestrial  ^lagnetisiu. — In  the  report  of  Greenwich j 
Observatory  for  the  past  year,  it  is  stated  that  the  magnetic  j 
elements  for  1912  were: — Declination,  15°  24 '3' west ;  horizontal^ 
force,  0'18528  (c.G  s.  units)  ;  dip,  66°  51'  46".  It  has  been  decided  ' 
to  build  a  new  magnetic  observatory  in  the  park. 

Wireless  time  signals  are  received  daily  from  the  Eiflfel  Tower 
and  Korddeich,  and  can  be  read  with  an  error  not  exceeding  0  06 
second.  Both  the  French  and  the  German  times  appear  to  be 
0'8  second  late  on  the  average,  as  compared  with  the  Greenwich 
determinations. 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,8f.6,  Jdnk  UO,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


1041 


SOME    METHODS    OP     DETECTING 
LEAKAGES    ON    ALTERNATING    AND    CON- 
TINUOUS-CURRENT   SYSTEMS. 


Uv  U.  D.  GIFFORD,    M.So.,  A.M.I. E.E. 


l.N  view  of  the  interesting  discussion  on  the  subject  of 
"  Earthed  v.  Unearthed  Neutrals,'"  iirisin<,'  from  a  paper 
recently  read  before  the  Institution,  the  writer  feels  that 
this  would  be  an  appropriate  time  to  briiij;  before  those 
interested  some  methods  of  detecting  leakages  in  electrical 
power  circuits. 

That  this  matter  is  one  of  importance  is  attested  by  the 
fact  that  several  members  in  the  discussion  made  direct 
reference  to  the  necessity  for  some  means  of  ascertaining,  at 


Pig.  1. — Electrostatic  Three-Phase  Ground  Detector. 

all  times,  the  condition  of  the  insulation  of  the  system,  and 
of  cutting  off  the  supply  in  cases  of  dangerous  faults. 

Many  attempts  have  been  made  to  find  a  simple  and  satis- 
factory solution  to  this  problem,  and  have  been  met  with 
varying  degrees  of  success. 

Electrostatic  Geoukd  Detector. 

On  high-tension  alternating-current  systems,  one  of  the 
most  usual  forn^s  of  apparatus  is  the  electrostatic  ground 
detector.  An  instrument  of  the  type  suitable  for  use  on 
three-phase  circuits  is  illustrated  in  fig.  1.  The  internal 
arrangement  consists  of  two  electrostatic  movements,  each 
having  two  fixed  quadrants  and  a  moving  needle.  One 
quadrant  of  each  movement  is  com  ected  to  Phase  A,  and 


Fig.  2. — A.c.  Leakage  Indicator  arranged  foe  System 
WITH  Insulated  Neutral. 

the  other  quadrants  to  Phases  B  and  C  respectively.  Both 
needles  are  earthed.  Under  these  conditions  it  will  be  seen 
that  if  a  fault  occurs  on  Phase  A,  the  needles  will  move 
towards  quadrants  B  and  C,  the  pointers,  therefore,  taking 
up  the  position  marked  "  Fault  on  Phase  A." 

If  a  fault  occurs  on  Phase  B  or  C,  a  corresponding  move- 
ment takes  place  on  one  or  the  other  of  the  pointers. 

Although  this  form  of  instrument  is  to  some  extent  dis- 
criminating it  is  not  altogether  so,  for  if  the  insulation  of  all 
three  phases  becomes  impaired  but  remains  equal  in  each 


(a  very  improbable  condition)  the  needled  will  not  be 
defl(!Ctod.  It  will,  tlierefore,  be  seen  timt  ihew;  inRtrumentu 
cannot  be  caliiirated  to  read  in  definite  units  of  innuiation 
resistance  or  leakage  current,  nor  do  they  lend  themseivefl 
readily  to  function  as  relays  for  opening  the  circuit  in  caac« 
of  dangerous  faults. 

liKAKAlii;    ('l  HUENT     I.VDICATOK   A.NIJ    UeCOKOEIC    KOh 

A.C.  Systems. 

An  alternative  method,  applicable  to  both  insulated  and 
earthed  systems,  and  one  that  gives  highly  accurate  resnltfl 
will  now  be  described. 

The  principle  involved  is  that  of  superimposing  on  the 
A.c.  mains  a  small  direct  current  supplied  from  a  battery 
of  dry  cells  or  other  source. 

Fig.  2  shows  the  connections  for  an  insulated  system. 
Between  one  bus-bar  and  eartli  are  connected  in  aeries  a 
choking  coil,  circuit  breaker,  insulation  recorder,  an  indi- 
cating relay,  and  the  battery. 

In  case  of  a  fault  arising  on  the  system  as  shown  at  i> 
a  direct-current  flows  via  the  fault  through  the  apparatus. 
The  choking  coil  is  designed  to  have  a  comparatively  low 
resistance  and  very  high  impedance,  so  that  the  apparatus, 
although  connected  between  the  mains  and  earth,  cannot  be 


FiQ.  3. — Insulation  Recorder. 

considered  as  earthing  the  system.  An  actual  choking  coil 
of  this  type  was  found  to  pass  only  a  few  milliamps.  with  the 
full  line  voltage  of  3,300  volts  across  it,  which  condition  can 
only  arise  if  one  of  the  other  mains  goes  dead  to  earth. 

The  recorder  and  relay  are  of  the  moving-coil  pattern, 
and  therefore  are  unaffected  by  the  alternating  current 
passing  through  them,  but  respond  only  to  the  D.c.  detecting 
current. 

The  recorder  is  calibrated  to  read  the  insulation  resist- 
ance of  the  system  to  earth,  and  the  indicating  relay  indi- 
cates the  maximum  leakage  current  flowing  between  mains, 
consistent  with  the  resistance  recorded  at  the  moment. 
This  statement  may  be  explained  as  follows :  — 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  insulation  to  earth  may  be  due  to 
the  imperfect  insulation  of  one  main  only,  any  two  mains,  or 
all  three  mains.  Each  of  these  possibilities  can  give  rise  to 
somewhat  different  currents  flowing  between  mains  for  a 
given  insulation  resistance  to  earth.  The  condition  chosen 
for  calibrating  the  indicator  is  that  one  which  gives  the 
maximum  leakage  current,  so  that  at  all  times  the  engineer 


1042 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,85«,  June  20,  191.S. 


can  be  oertain  that  there  is  never  more  leaking  currant  than 
i»  being  indicated.  Combined  with  the  indicator  is  a  relay 
of  special  design,  so  arranged  that  when  the  insulation 
resistance  falls  below  a  predetermined  value  the  relaj 
operates,  connecting  terminals  2  and  8,  thus  throwing  the 
battery  directly  across  the  circuit-breaker.  This  opens  the 
instrument  and  relay  circuits  y,  closes  the  alarm  bell  circuit  .\, 
and,  if  necessary,  it  can  also  be  arranged  to  trip  the  circuit- 
breakers  or  oil  switches. 

Fig.  3  shows  the  recorder,  which  is  of  special  design,  as  it 
is  essential  that  it  should  be  extremely  sensitive  and  free 
from  the  usual  pen  friction  errors,  &c.  These  have  been 
eliminated  by  allowing  the  j>en  to  swing  clear  of  the  chart. 
The  pen  is  kept  moist  by  capillary  feed  from  the  trough,  and 


AMPS     T  I   ''<'—'»-' 


■--[D 


Fig.  4.— a.c  Leakage  Ixdicatob  akraxqed  for  System 
WITH  Xkctbai.  Point  Earthed. 

is  electromagnetically  tapped  on  to  the  chart  at  frequent 
intervals.  The  result  is  a  series  of  semi-superimposed  dots 
having  the  appearance  of  a  continuous  line. 

In  the  case  of  earthed  neutrals  a  modification  is  made  in 
the  connections,  as  shown  in  fig.  4.  Xo  choking  coil  is 
necessary,  the  recorder  and  indicating  relay  being  connected 
directly  between  neutral  and  earth  until  the  resistance  falls 
below  the  allowable  value,  when  the  auto  switch  cuts  the 
instruments  out  of  circuit  and  puts  the  neutral  point  to 
earth,  either  directly  or  through  a  limiting  resistance.  This 
automatic  may  be  made  to  trip  the  circuit-breakers  if  desired, 
the  limiting  resistance  in  that  case  being  unnecessary. 

Groind  Detector  for    CoxTixrous-CrRREXT  Systejis. 

We  may  turn  now  to  means  employed  for  the  detection  of 
leakage  current  on  continuous-current  mains.  A  method 
which  has  been  adopted  largely  is  shown  in  fig.  5. 

A  suitably  calibrated  voltmeter  with  central  zero  has  one 
terminal  permanently  earthed,  and  the  other  connected  to  a 


Fig.  5.— Ground 

Dktectok  for  d.c. 

Sistkms. 


Fig.  6.— DC.  Three-Wire  Sy.stem 

Diagram    of  Conxectioxs  for 

Leakage  Current  Recorder. 


three-way  switch,  as  indicated.  The  resistance  /-  r  has  an 
extremely  high  value,  and  is  placed  directly  across  the 
mains,  c  being  a  mid-point  tapping. 

Normally  the  switch  is  on  contact  c,  and,  therefore,  when 
the  resistance  of  one  main  to  earth  falls  below  that  of  the 
other,  a  deflection  is  produced  to  right  or  left,  according  to 
which  main  is  faulty.  When  it  is  desired  to  take  the  actual 
insulation  resistance  of  each  main  to  earth,  readings  are 
taken  on  the  meter  with  the  switch  successively  on  a  and  b. 
Let  these  readings  be  respectively  \\  and  v,. 


If  P  be  the  resistance  of  the  meter,  it  can  be  shown  that — 
Insulation  re8i8tanc«  r,  =  p  - — — — ^-^ — si-, 


and  similarly. 


(E   —    V, 


Vb) 


The  total   insulation  resistance  of   the   system    t^   ear 
will  lie — 


and  the  leakage  current  from  +  to 

E  V,  V. 


mam  is — 


P  (V*  +  ^b)  (e  -  V,  -  v„)  R,  +  R, 

It  will  be  seen  that  it  is  not  possible  to  calibrate  the 
instrument  directly  in  any  of  these  required  (juantities,  but 
by  assuming  various  successive  values  of  v^  and  \\,  the 
resulting  values  of  R,,  E.,  iJ,  and  /  can  be  found  and  tabu- 
lated on  a  chart  accompanying  the  instrument. 


Fig.  7. 

As  an  example,  take  the  case  of  a  220-volt  system.  The 
instrument  would  be  adjusted  to  have  a  full  deflection  from 
central  zero  to  right  and  left  with  220  volts.  Suppose  the 
resistance  to  be  10,000  ohms.  Then,  if  readings  v^  =  100 
and  \\  =  20  are  obtained,  we  have — 

^     10.000  (220  -jm    ^  50,000, 
'  20 


_     10,000  (220  -  120)    _ 


100 


=  10,000. 


Total  insulation  to  earth  =  8,350  ohms,  and  leakage 
current  =  3"7  milliamperes. 

A  recording  instrument  is  now  made  operating  on  this 
principle,  the  switching  being  performed  by  the  recorder 
clock  at  regular  intervals. 

Three-Wire  System. 

For  the  detection  of  leakage  current  to  earth  occurring  on 
three-wire  systems  in  which  the  mid-wire  is  always  earthed, 
the  usual  method  is  to  place  a  central  zero  indicating  or 
recording  ammeter  in  the  earth  connection. 

The  recording  instrument  should  preferably  be  of  the  type 
shown  in  fig.  3,  this  being  sufficiently  sensitive  accurately  to 
record  small  earth  currents  without  introducing  any  appre- 
ciable resistance  into  the  earth  connection. 

In  order  to  protect  the  instrument  from  damage  in  the 
event  of  a  heavy  fault  on  either  outer,  it  is  provided  with  a 
relay  circuit  as  described  above,  which  places  the  tripping 
coil  across  the  mains,  opens  the  instrument  circuit,  puts  the 
mid-wire  direct  to  earth,  and  rings  the  alarm  bell,  as  shown 
in  fig.  6.  Fig.  7  shows  the  automatic  switch  used  in  the 
last  diagram  and  in  fig.  4. 

It  will  be  understood  that  these  notes  do  not  claim  to  be  a 
complete  survey  of  the  means  at  the  disposal  of  the  central 
station  or  colliery  engineer  for  safeguarding  both  the  public 


I 


Vol.72.   No.  1,860,  JuNB  20,  1913.]        THE    ELECTKICAL    KEVili^'A, 


1048 


and  th«  sontiuuity  of  supply  from  tlin  danger  of  faulty 
insulation,  but  it  is  hoped  that  the  inethodi  described  may 
be  of  interest  to  those  who  recogtiiso  the  necessity  of  keeping 
u  watchful  eye  on  the  (condition  of  the  insulation  of  tlur 
circuit. 

In  conclusion,  the  writer  wishcH  to  acknowledge  the 
kindness  of  Messrs.  Nalder  Bros.  <fc  ThompHoii  in  lending 
the  electrotypes  illustrating  Lliis  article. 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    riTTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 

Generator  Protection  for  ('liicago. 

The  accompanying  illustrations  will  be  of  interest  at  the 
moment,  as  showing-  the  details  of  the  protective  (rear  apparatus 
which  Mkssbs.  a.  Reykollk  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Hebburn,  are  supplyinj? 
for  the  26,000-KW.  turbo  alternator,  which  is  now  beinf;  made  in 
England  for  the  Chicagro  Edison  Co.     The  system  of   protection 


adopted  li  the  well-known  Invoiitlon  of  Meaan.  CbM.  Um  Mid 
Bernard  Price.  A  diui^ram  of  coiincotionn  In  ahown  In  tig.  1,  Th4 
ootaal  curr«nt  traiiHfiiriiKiri  iiru  i-w:l<>M:<\  in  iron  ciiwt  and  are  flll«d 
in  Bolid  with  coinfKiuiirl.  It  will  k)«  mien  from  fii^.  2  that  provition 
is  mado  for  a  Miniflc-tiirii  primary  conductor,  whirli  will  [«m 
htraikcht  throiiKh  tho  cfjiitn-  of  fh<;  coriv  KuiteH  are  iiw-d  for  th<' 
puriHiHo  of  providint;  a  timivlimit  overload  protection.  An  nhowti 
in  the  diiiKram,  the  fuHes  are  connected  in  the  main  itecjndary 
liircuit.  Under  ordinary  circumHtanccH  the  fuMCH  would  be  net  to 
blow  at  a  heavy  current,  no  that  they  would  only  melt  in  the  i-vent 
Of  a  persistcint  busbar  fault.  The  relay  is  connected  to  the  main 
secondary  circuit  across  phustes  at  points  which  are  normally  at 
etjual  potential,  and  it  is  set  to  release  the  Hwit<:h  for  a  fault  t<i 
earth  or  between  phases  on  the  armature  or  on  the  (X)nnc<;tions 
between  the  machine  and  the  current  transformer,  which  is  fixed 
on  the  switchboard.  The  operation  of  the  relay  is  instantaneons  , 
therefore,  in  the  event  of  a  fault  between  phages  or  to  earth 
occurrin(?,  the  (generator  will  be  cleared  from  the  bus- bars,  and  the 
whole  operation  will  take  no  more  time  than  that  re<)uire<l  by  the 
switch  in  moving  the  mass  of  its  mechanical  moving  parts  from 
the  positions  which  correspond  to  the  "clo.Htd  '  and  'open" 
positions  of  the  sparking  contacts.  This  time  lag  is  exceedingly 
small,  and,  in  accordance  with  the  experience  obtained  elsewhere 
on  the  Merz-Price  protection,  it  is  expected  that  a  faulty  machine 
will  be  cleared  from  the  system  without  causing  a  disturbance  to 
the  sound  running  plant,  other  than  throwing  additional  load  on 
the  sound  generators. 


Fiu.  I.— Mebz-Peice  Cueeent 
Balance  Connections. 


Fig.  2.— Retrolle  Current  Transformiri. 


Arc  Welding  Plant. 

The  Parsons  Motoe  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Town  (juay,  Southampton, 
have  sent  us  particulars  of  an  arc  welding  plant  which  they  have 
just  supplied  to  an  important  firm  of  engineers  and  shipbuilders  on 
the  Continent.  From  the  illustration  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
whole  plant  is  self-contained,  and  can  be  placed  where  requiri^d. 
The   engine  is  a  28H.P.    four-cylinder  standard   pattern   Parsons 


Fig.  3.— Eblays  fob  Mekz-Pkice  Sistem. 


Fig.  4.— Parsons  28-h.p.  Paraffin  Engine  and  Self- 
contained  Aec  Welding  Set. 


1044 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,856,  June  20,  1918. 


paraffin  enffine,  fitted  with  mafrneto  isrnition  and  patent  timinir  drive, 
havin?  an  enclosed  sensitive  vertical  type  governor  driven  by 
enclosed  (rears  at  the  forward  end,  which  reirnlates  the  speed 
within  1'05  per  cent.  The  lubricating  oil  tank,  with  sight  feeds,  is 
at  the  back  of  the  engine,  and  the  brackets  for  the  blow  lamps  for 
eUrting  up  on  paraffin  are  seen  on  the  bedplate.  The  cooling 
water  is  circulated  by  a  Parsons  pnmp  at  the  forward  end  of  the 
engine,  and  the  fuel  is  carried  in  the  tank  situated  above  the  engine. 

The  dynamo  has  an  output  of  250  amps,  at  65  volts,  and  in  this 
case  is  of  the  Holmes  type.  The  voltmeter  and  ammeter  are 
placed  on  a  teak  board  at  the  forward  end  of  the  engine  ;  the 
resistance  is  on  the  opposite  side  to  that  seen  in  the  view,  also 
carried  on  a  board  at  the  top,  and  next  to  it  will  be  seen  the  main 
switch  and  cut-outs. 

At  the  commutator  end  of  the  dynamo  there  is  a  pulley- 
driven  fan  fixed  at  the  back  of  the  radiator,  running  in  a  casing. 
Having  a  very  wide  experience  of  the  difficulties  connected  with 
the  efficient  cooling  of  these  arc  welding  sets  on  stationary  work, 
the  makers  have  made  provision  for  ample  cooling  surface  and  a 
large  displacement  of  cold  air,  so  that  even  on  long  runs  at  full 
power  the  water  never  boils,  although  there  is  no  reservoir  beyond 
that  formed  in  the  radiator. 

The  silencer  itself,  seen  in  front,  is  of  the  ordinary  type,  with 
the  usual  diaphragms,  &e.,  and  is  carried  from  the  upper  frame. 
The  six  columns  are  securely  attached  to  the  cast-iron  base  plate, 
and  the  upper  frame  is  of  welded  construction.  The  makers  have 
turned  out  many  of  these  plants,  and  are  in  a  position  to  appreciate 
the  difficulties  that  have  to  be  overcome  in  order  that  the  results  may 
be  absolutely  satisfactory.  There  are  many  instances  where  such  a 
plant  would  effect  an  enormous  saving  in  connection  with  dock  work, 
ship  work,  bailer  work,  \;c. 

The  Polish-Grindingr  Machine. 

Messrs.  A.  T.  Mukuay  &.  Sons,  of  ;iO,  Great  Charlotte  Street, 
Liverpool,  have  introduced  a  little  machine  for  putting  a  straight 
polish  on  to  metallic  and  other  articles.  It  is  impossible  to  obtain 
this  straight  polish  from  disk  grinders  or  emery  wheels,  their 
grinding  lines  being  curved.    In  this  case  an  endless  emery  band 


specially  designed  fuse  and  junction  boxes  ;  in  fact,  the  complete 
installation  is  standardised,  and  can  be  fitted  to  any  type  of  car  and 
make  use  of  any  type  of  lamp. 

Our  illustration  gives  a  good  idea  of  a  Pape  car  lighting  equip- 
ment;    the  arrangement  has  been  successfully  applied  for  yacht 


Fig.  6. — Arrangement  of  "Pape"  Equipment  fob  Car 
Lighting. 


lighting,  and  in  this  case  includes  dynamo,  accumulator,  switch- 
board, together  with  cabin  lamps,  port,  starboard,  masthead  and 
searchlights. 

"Magic"  Electric  Blower. 

8  Messes.  Magic  Appliances,  Ltd.,  of  6,  Farringdon  Avenue, 
B.C.,  have  introduced  the  "  Magic "  electric  "blower,  for  blowing 
dust  out  df  any  kind  of  machinery,  and  for  a  variety  of  other  uses 
in  factories  and  workshops.  The  blower  is  fitted  with  two  handles 
for  convenience  in  operation.    One  of  the  handles  serves  as  a  foot. 


Fig.  5. — The  Polish-Grinding  Machine. 


Fig.  7. — "Magic"  Blower. 


4  in,  wide  and  running  at  .S50-500  R.P.M.,  is  employed  ;  this  is  sup- 
ported on  overhung  pulleys  and  kept  taut  by  means  of  a  tension 
pulley,  and  it  can  be  removed  without  loosening  a  single  screw. 
The  part  of  the  band  on  which  the  grinding  is  done  is  supported  by 
a  table  to  ensure  accurate  results,  the  arrangement  being  shown  in 
fig.   5. 

The  "Oriona"  Lamp. 

A  lamp  in  which  the  metal  filament  is  held  stretched  in  the 
horizontal  plane  is  described  in  a  recent  issue  of  V Elcctr'icien.  It 
is  made  by  M.  M.  du  Moulin,  86,  Boulevard  Leopold,  Tournai 
(Belgium).  In  a  plane  at  right  angles  to  the  filaments  the  candle- 
power  curve  approximates  to  a  complete  circle.  The  spherical 
candle-power  cannot,  of  course,  be  increased  by  this  device,  but  for 
certain  purposes,  such  as  street  or  passage  lighting,  with  a  suitable 
reflector,  the  lamp  presents  advantages. 

Electric  Lighting^  for  Motor  Cars. 

We  have  received  from  Messrs.  Richard  Pape,  Ltd,,  of  Belve- 
dere, Kent,  their  catalogues  of  car  and  launch  lighting  equipments. 
Messrs.  Pape  have  introduced  a  simple  system,  which  includes  a 
constant  voltage  dynamo  and  a  Fors  car  lighting  battery,  which 
together  with  the  head  and  side  lights,  tail  lights  and  dash  light  in 
series  with  the  latter,  are  wired  up  to  a  small  switchboard  consist- 
inf  of  a  volt  and  ammeter  amd  four  pnsh-bntton  switches,  one  of 
which  connects  the  dynamo  to  the  battery,  and  one  each  for  con- 
trolling the  headlights,  side  lights  and  tail  light.  The  wiring 
system  uses  a  special  armoured  braided  concentric  cable,  the  outer 
braiding  being    used   as   the   negative   wire,  in  conjunction  with 


upon  which  the  machine  may  rest  when  not  in  use.    Connection  to ' 
the  lighting  circuit  is  obtained  by  means  of  a  flexible  specially 
designed  for  rough  usage,  and  a  switch  plug  or  B.C.  adaptor.    The 
power  consumption  is  110  watts,  and  the  total  weightis  10  lb.  R  isa 
handy  little  thing,  as  will  be  gathered  from  the  illustration. 


Fire  Bris;ade  Competition. — The  fire  department  of" 

the  British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  recruited  from  members  of  their 
staff  and  works,  have  been  drilling  assiduously  with  a  view  to 
reaching  the  highest  possible  state  of  efficiency,  and  have  attained 
a  remarkable  degree  of  proficiency  which  is  evidenced  by  their 
success  in  the  recent  firemen's  competition  at  the  National  Fire 
Brigade  Union  camp,  held  at  the  Crystal  Palace  on  June  2nd  and 
5  th,  where  they  secured  three  first  prizes  and  one  second.  In  the 
Ponoerot  Ambulance,  Silvester's  method  of  artificial  respiration, 
their  representative,  3rd  Officer  Moseley,  secured  fint  prize  with 
the  maximum  number  of  marks  obtainable.  In  the  Junior  Escape, 
they  were  first,  doing  the  drill  in  o 7 jf  sec,  as  against  60|  sec,  by, 
last  year's  winners.  In  the  Sacks  Hose  Cart  Drill  they  were  first, 
doing  the  drill  in  25j  sec,  as  against  last  year's  winner  in  27|  sec. 
In  the  Horsed  Escape  they  were  second,  doing  the  drill  in  64J  sec, 
as  against  last  year's  first  in  68^  sec.  In  the  Dixon  Memorial 
Shield  combined  Steamer  Escape  and  Hose  Cart,  owing  to  their 
horses  bolting,  they  were  placed  fifth,  the  winners'  time  beinjf 
2  min.  )  8f  sec,  as  against  their  time  of  3  min.  32  sec. 


Vol.  72.    No.  l,8:.fi,  Jdnk  1!(),  I'Jl.t. 


THE    KLECTllK'AL    PJ':VIKW. 


lO-JO 


THE     INSTITUTION    OF    ELECTRICAL 
ENGINEERS    IN    PARIS. 


(Abslractt  of  Va-pert  discussfd  in  Paris  at  the  Joint  Mtiling  of 
the  Institution  of  Klbotricai,  Enoineekh  «/id  the  Socibtb 

INTBRNATIONAI.E    DE8   ELBCTKICIBNa.  'llstUth   May,   1918.) 

( ('oiirliidi'd  fitim   pmie  971.) 

Railway  Electrification  Problems  in  tlio  United  States. 

IJy  MoNSiEUK  H.  Pauodi. 

In  this  pnpor  the  author  confiderH  the  various  onrfcts  of  the 
problems  met  with  in  eleetrifyinn  railways  in  the  United  States, 
where  the  conditions  are  very  different  from  those  obtainini;  on  the 
Continent  of  Europe.  Numerom  statistical  tables  are  Riven,  and 
the  author  shows  that  the  tendency  on  the  lonp  lines  is  constantly 
to  increase  the  power  of  the  steam  locomotives  and  the  length  and 
weffrht  of  the  trains,  to  reduce  working-  expenses  as  much  as 
possible,  while  on  the  urban  railways  and  tramways,  on  the  con- 
trary, electric  traction  is  almost  exclusively  employed  with  frequent 
trains  or  cars.  TraflBc  on  urban  transport  systems  prrows  in  pro- 
portion to  the  square  of  the  population  of  the  area  served,  a  fact  of 
immense  importance  in  America,  where  in  certain  towns  the 
population  has  doubled  in  less  than  10  years.  In  1910  the  United 
States,  with  a  population  of  90  millions,  had  railways  aETg^refratinpr 
400,000  km.,  while  France,  with  a  population  of  39  millions,  had 
40,438  km.  of  railway,  and  Germany  .55,731  km.  In  France  the 
average  capacity  of  a  goods  truck  is  10  tons  ;  in  America  it  is  33 
tons. 

The  cost  of  electrification  of  a  railway  ranges  between  100,000  and 
200,000  fr.  per  kilometre  of  single  track,  according  to  conditions. 
The  total  net  cost  of  working  with  continuous  current  on  the 
Camden-Atlantic  City  Railway  in  1910  was  0T)8  fr.  per  car- 
kilometre,  compared  with  O'SO  fr.  for  steam  operation.  Companies 
which  use  single-phase  alternating  current  are  reticent  as  to 
their  costs.  In  the  case  of  tramways  using  d.c.  and  A.c. 
under  comparable  conditions,  the  costs  are  avaUable.  Excluding 
the  cost  of  energy,  on  account  of  the  great  differences  in  the 
generating  conditions,  the  average  cost  per  car-kilometre  for  repairs 
and  maintenance  of  the  cars  and  the  working  conductors,  with  the 
cost  of  running  the  sub-stations,  is  for  D.c.  00795  fr.,  and  for  A.c. 
0'17t)  fr.  The  total  cost  for  the  former  averages  0'5  fr.,  so  that  the 
total  for  the  latter  should  come  to  0  59  or  0'6  fr.,  working  conditions 
being  supposed  to  be  the  same  in  both  cases. 

The  problem  of  the  electrification  of  suburban  railways  presents 
no  technical  difficolty,  and  has  become  almost  exclusively  financial 
and  economic  in  its  nature.  Even  when  the  substitution  of  electric 
for  steam  traction  might  appear  financially  unsound,  the  increase 
in  traffic  resulting  from  the  improved  service  would  often  justify 
the  change. 

The  suburban  lines  of  the  New  York  Central  Railway  are  worked 
with  D.c.  motoi'-car  trains  of  variable  composition,  while  those  of 
the  New  York,  New  Haven  and  Hartford  Railway  are  worked  with 
single-phase  A.c.  locomotives  ;  on  the  latter  line  four  single-phase 
motor-cars  are  used,  but  it  is  believed  that  their  number  has  not 
been  increased  on  account  of  the  weight  and  high  price  of  these 
cars.  With  D.c.  motor-cars,  6'8  h.p.  per  ton  of  train  is  available  ; 
with  A.c.  only  3'5  h.p.  The  dead  weight  per  seat  in  the  former 
case  is  670  kg.,  and  in  the  latter  750  kg.  The  single-phase  service 
is  the  more  expensive,  owing  to  this  greater  weight,  and  is  inferior 
owing  to  the  lack  of  power  of  the  motor-cars.  The  motor-cars  used 
in  the  Lotschberg  tunnel  were  to  weigh  55  tons  and  to  carry  four 
motors  of  250  HP.  each,  but  it  was  found  impossible  to  equip 
them  with  more  than  half  that  power.  Similarly  the  New  Haven 
and  Hartford  s.r.  locomotives  have  only  half  the  power  of  the  D.c. 
locomotives,  and  their  maintenance  cost  18, OUO  fr.  each  in  1911,88 
compared  with  ■l,7r)0  fr.  for  the  latter.  The  maintenance  cost 
per  locomotive-kilometre  for  the  former  was  0225  fr.  in  1911, 
and  for  the  latter  0'106  fr.  in  1912,  though  the  former  are  of 
■",000  HP.  and  the  latter  of  2,000  h.p.  Steam  locomotives  in 
1911,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railway,  cost  0'47  fr.  per  locomotive 
kilometre. 

There  exist  scarcely  any  examples  of  the  application  of  electric 
traction  to  the  main  lines  of  the  United  States  railways. 

The  only  systems  of  traction  actually  considered  in  America  to 
be  capable  of  giving  satisfactory  results  in  drawing  heavy  trains 
over  considerable  distances  are  the  high-tension  continuous-current 
system  at  1,200,  1,500,  or  2,40ii  volts,  and  the  simple  alternating- 
current  system  at  11,000  or  22,oo0  volts  and  a  frequency  of  25 
periods.  Three-phase  traction  seems  systematically  excluded  in  the 
United  States. 

As  regards  ordinary  alternating-current,  there  is  reason  to  believe 
that  a  method  of  supplying  current  will  be  adopted  similar  to  the 
three-wire  continuous-current  distribution  by  connecting  the 
running  rails  to  the  centre  of  a  transformer  winding  at  22,000  volts, 
of  which  the  terminals  would  be  connected  to  the  two  overhead 
conductors  serving  adjacent  lines.  This  arrangement  will  allow  a 
reduction  of  the  very  considerable  fall  of  pressure  which  occurs 
even  in  the  case  of  single-phase  distribution  at  11, Coo  volts. 

Serious  electrostatic  and  electromagnetic  inductive  effects  on 
neighbouring  telegraph  and  telephone  wires  are  experienced,  due 
to  the  presence  in  their  neighbourhood  of  conductors  carrying 
large  high-tension  single-phase  currents  :  and  both  in  America 
and  Germany  it  has  been  necessary  to  replace  the  overhead  network 
of  telegraph  and  telephone  wires  by  underground  cables  near  rail- 
way lines.  The  cost  of  installing  single-phase  traction  has  thereby 
been  increased  to  a  considerable  extent. 


Whatever  HyRt«m  of  tra':tion  Im  adopted,  thn  old«r  mctho'l  of 
working  ruilwayH  ought  to  1k!  r<-taini'(l,  and  the  trairiit  iihould  be 
drawn  l)y  uh  ixjwcrful,  light   and  (a-t  a  Idcomolivc  an  \H)f*\\>\r. 

In  rcH|M!(:t  of  power,  wi-iifht  and  fifHt  crjnt,  Ihn  a/lvanta(fK  without 
a  doubt  licH  with  Hteara  loooiiiotivfu.  The  very  |>ow<-rful  "  I'aciflc  " 
and  "  Atlantic  "  typcH  of  locomotive  actually  in  uh«  in  Americs, 
which,  at  a  speed  of  120  km.  \w.x  hour,  i:;in  give  continuooHly  tStnnX. 
2,<;0()  I.II.I-.  an<l  1,H()<)  draw  liar  III-.,  weigh  only  I  13  tonr,  with 
90  tons  for  adhcHion.  Thi  ir  powiir  can  probably  t>c  Htill  fortbrr 
increased  by  the  upc  of  grates  of  7-H  n\.  m.,  provided  with  auto- 
matic stokers. 

The  electric  locomotivfs  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railway,  weicrhinir 
150  tone,  with  90  tons  for  adhesion,  can  only  develop  at  Hpeedn  of 
100-1 10  km.  pt-r  hour.  1.300  H.P.  at  the  arlen,  and  about  800  draw- 
bar n  p.  Th«  most  rtc<rnl  «-xprecB  Hinglp-[>haKC  locomotives  of  the 
New  York,  New  Haven  and  Hartford  Railway,  weighing  92  toni), 
scarcely  give  at  90  km.  per  hour  700  h.p.  at  the  axles,  and  400  draw- 
bar H.P. 

In  the  United  States  there  are  no  continuous-current  or  sinffle- 
phase  locomotives  which  are  really  very  powerful  at  their  mazimom 
running  speed.  The  three-phase  locomotives  now  in  nse  in  the 
Simplou  Tunnel  develop  at  70  km.  p»-r  hour  a  draw-bar  pull  of 
t!,0O0  hg.  ;  the  new  locomotives  which  are  under  conBtrnction, 
however,  will  weigh  H(!  tons,  and  will  develop  3.000  HP.  at  this 
speed.  The  Italian  State  Railways,  also  using  three-phase  equip- 
ment, have  ordered  10  locomotives  able  to  develop  2,000-2,400  h  p. 
at  100  km. 

Whilst  the  three-phase  locomotives  can  develop  their  maximum 
power  at  full  speed,  continuous  or  sirgle-phase  locomotives,  /,''., 
machines  with  a  series  characteristic,  only  develop  their  maximum 
power  at  a  speed  of  ."lO  or  (iO  per  cent,  of  their  maximum  speed. 
Whilst  tractors  having  a  series  characteristic  appear  quite  suitable 
for  suburban  service,  ».^.,  for  drawing  comparatively  light  trains  at 
a  high  acceleration  and  at  a  low  mean  speed,  those  tractors  with  a 
shunt  characteristic  are  likewise  perfectly  adapted  for  main  line 
working,  i.e.,  to  drawing  heavy  trains  at  high  speeds  on  long 
stretches  of  track  where  the  gradients  are  small,  and  where  accele- 
ration is  only  of  secondary  importance. 

The  obtaining  of  high-speed  locomotives  with  total  adhesion  and 
as  light  as  possible  appears  to  be  the  vital  problem  of  main 
line  traction.  The  New  York  Central  Railway  and  the  General 
Electric  Co.  are  actually  experimenting  with  2,400-H.P.  600- 
1,200- volt  total-adhesion  locomotives. 

The  Pennsylvania  Railway  has  been  making  interesting  tests  to 
measure  the  lateral  force  to  which  the  rails  are  subjected  when 
heavy  locomotives  of  various  types  are  passing  at  various  tpeeds. 
In  steam  locomotives  having  a  very  high  centre  of  gravity  and 
with  the  axles  distributed  in  an  unsymmetrical  arrangement, 
the  shocks  are  feeble  and  distributed  in  an  irregular  manner 
throughout  the  length  of  the  track,  the  highest  value  correspond- 
ing with  a  steady  force  of  about  2,400  kg.  With  electric  loco- 
motives having  a  low  centre  of  gravity  the  conditions  are  no  longer 
the  same,  and  it  is  proved  that  not  only  are  the  blows  much  more 
violent  but  they  are  produced  at  a  regular  frequency,  showing  that 
resonance  is  present.  With  an  experimental  electric  locomotive  of 
the  "  gearless "  type,  the  maximum  blows  corresponding  with  a 
steady  force  of  12,000  kg.  in  the  case  of  locomotives  with  gear^ 
were  still  dangerous,  and  of  the  order  of  about  6,000  or  7,000  kg. 
In  view  of  these  results  the  Pennsylvania  Railway  have  decided  to 
construct  locomotives  with  a  very  high  centre  of  gravity.  These 
locomotives  are  formed  in  two  parts,  each  part  carrying  four 
driving  wheels  and  a  supporting  bogie.  The  axles  of  the  wheels 
are  driven  through  connecting  rods,  cranks  and  intermediate 
shafts  by  a  1,000-h.p.  motor.  On  test,  the  machines  have  given 
satisfactory  results.  We  thus  see  that  in  America,  as  in  Europe, 
those  railway  companies  who  themselves  make  a  study  of  electric 
locomotivas  seem  to  prefer  the  connecting-rod  drive  which  proves 
so  satisfactory  for  steam  locomotives. 

To  sum  up,  it  seems  that  the  problem  of  the  electrification  of 
main  lines  can  still  not  be  considered  either  in  America  or  Europe 
from  an  entirely  financial  or  economic  point  of  view.  A  large 
number  of  technical  problems  are  still  waiting  a  definite  solution. 

The  advantages  offered  by  electric  traction  on  mountain  lines 
are  of  the  same  nature  as  those  pointed  out  for  suburban  lines.  The 
problems  are  very  similar,  since  in  both  cases  a  large  draw-bar  pull 
must  be  obtained  at  a  comparatively  low  speed,  but  whilst  the 
working  of  suburban  lines  seems  to  tend  more  and  more  towards 
motor-cars,  the  operation  of  mountain  lines  calls  for  two  or  three 
locomotives  in  the  case  of  long  trains. 

The  construction  of  locomotives  of  low  speed  and  large  power 
no  longer  seems  to  offer  any  particular  technical  difficulty.  A  large 
number  of  three-phase  locomotives  exist  of  a  power  equal  to  or 
greater  than  2,ouo  h.p.  Such  locomotives  can  make  use  of  the 
whole  of  their  weight  for  adhesion.  The  electrification  of  a  line 
having  steep  gradients  thus  seems  to  be  purely  an  economic  and 
financial  problem. 

Whilst  with  electric  traction  the  maximum  draw-bar  pull 
allowable  with  the  given  adhesion  can  be  made  use  of  up  to  a  speed 
of  about  35  km.  per  hour,  with  steam  locomotives  the  maximum 
pull  can  only  be  maintained  up  to  speeds  of  6  km.  or  12  km.  per 
hour. 

The  Cascade  Tunnel  trains  weighing  2,100  tons  are  hauled  by 
three  electric  locomotives,  each  of  102  tons  weight,  one  being  plaesed 
at  the  front  and  two  at  the  back  of  the  train.  With  electric 
traction  it  will  be  possible  in  some  cases  to  deal  with  a  traffic  two 
or  three  times  greater  than  that  possible  with  steam  traction. 

As  the  weight  increases,  the  cost  of  steam  traction 
rises  much  more  rapidly  than  in  the  case  of  electric 
traction.  There  is  thus  a  certain  weight  above  which  electrical 
working  is  much  more  economical  than  steam  working. 


1016 


:KE     electrical     review,  rVol  72.     no.  1,856,  June  20,  191». 


After  the  electrification  of  the  Giovi  Tunnel,  near  Genoa,  in  Italy, 
a  notable  decrease  in  the  cost  of  track  maintenance  was  found, 
due  to  a  reduction  in  the  wear  of  the  running  rails  and  the  brake 
gear.  Three-phase  workinfr  allows,  owing  to  the  powerful  braking 
provided  by  automatic  regeneration,  of  the  descent  of  the  long 
gradients  of  35  mm.  per  metre  almost  without  the  application  of 
mechanical  brakes.  The  saving  in  upkeep  and  repairs  to  the  track 
— particularly  the  down  track — appears  to  be  sufficient  to  pay  for  a 
considerable  part  of  the  initial  cost  of  the  electrification. 


Application  of  Mechanical  Devices  to  the  Assistance  of 
Manual  Operating  in  Telephone  Exchanges, 

By  W.  Slixgo,  M.I.E.E. 

In  ordinary  circumstances  an  operator  at  a  manual  telephone 
exchange  has  the  load  of  her  position  so  arranged  that  she  is  left 
with  a  fairly  large  percentage  of  unoccupied  time  in  the  busy  hour  : 
this  is  necessary  to  enable  her  to  cope  with  the  traffic  during  short 
rush  periods.  Also  during  the  slack  periods,  when  several  posi- 
tions are  coupled,  the  conditions  of  operating  are  such  that  the  load 
efficiency  per  position  is  considerally  reduced.  Some  considera- 
tion, therefore,  has  been  given  to  the  feasibility  of  utilising  auto- 
matic equipment  in  such  a  manner  that  when  a  subscriber  lifts  his 
receiver  his  call  will  be  transferred  immediately  to  an  idle  operator. 
By  this  means  it  is  expected  that  the  percentage  of  idle  operating 
time  in  the  busy  hour  will  be  considerably  reduced,  and  also,  as  it 
will  be  arranged  that  a  position  can  be  rendered  inoperative,  when 
not  required,  the  whole  of  the  traffic  during  slack  periods  can  be 
thrown  on  to  one  or  two  positions  which  will  be  operated  with  the 
same  efficiency  as  obtained  during  the  busy  hour. 

The  experimental  arrangement  which  will  shortly  be  installed  in 
one  of  the  London  exchanges  will  provide  for  the  replacement  of 
the  existing  lamps  and  jacks,  individual  to  the  subscribers  on  each 
position,  by  others,  say  in  to  20  in  number,  common  to  the  traffic- 
distributing  apparatus.  Each  position  will  only  be  able  to  receive 
one  call  at  a  time,  i.e..  whilst  an  operator  is  answering  one  call 
one  further  glow  can  be  received.  AU  further  traffic  will  pass 
forward  to  other  positions. 

The  proposal  outlined  above  provides  only  for  the  introduction 
of  traffic-distributing  equipment  such  as  can  be  readily  introduced 
at  an  existing  exchange,  and  such  as  will  permit  of  the  continued 
utilisation  of  the  existing  cord  circuits.  If  such  a  scheme  proves 
satisfactory  in  practice,  future  installations  involving  traffic- 
distribution  apparatus  will  be  designed  on  the  basis  of  single  cord 
connecting  circuits  without  answering  jacks.  The  traffic  distributor 
will  pass  the  call  direct  to  the  answering  side  of  the  cord  circuit, 
and  a  single  operation  only  will  be  involved  in  completing  the 
connection  with  the  subscribers'  multiple. 

Much  difficulty  has  been  experienced  during  recent  years  in  large 
cities  owing  to  the  poor  transmission  conditions  involved  when 
several  underground  call-wires  are  connected  to  the  same  "  B  " 
position.  It  is  proposed  to  install  experimentally  a  simple  automatic 
call-seeking  device  which  will  enable  one  call-wire  at  a  time  to 
have  access  to  the  "  B  "  operator.  It  will  be  arranged  so  that  the 
"B""  operator  can  trip  the  apparatus  in  order  that  only  one  call 
can  be  passed  by  a  particular  exchange  before  the  other  exchanges 
working  to  the  same  position  have  each  had  an  opportunity  of 
passing  a  call.  The  ''  B  "  operator  will  be  made  awaie  of  the 
necessity  for  using  this  tripping  apparatus  by  the  glowing  of  a 
lamp  on  her  position,  which  will  indicate  the  fact  that  an  outlying 
f  xchange  wishes  to  pass  a  call.  By  giving  improved  transmission 
it  is  expected  that  quicker  operating  will  result,  with  comparative 
immunity  from  "wrong  numbers."' 

On  groups  of  outgoing  call-wires  between  very  busy  exchanges 
much  trouble  has  been  experienced  as  a  result  of — 

(«)  Confusion  during  busy  periods  owing  to  one  operator  inter- 
rupting another  in  their  desire  to  dispose  of  the  traffic  ;  and 

(i)  Delay  experienced  by  the  "  A  "  operators  in  finding  a  slack 
call-wire  at  such  periods. 

Both  these  troubles  result  in  reducing  the  load  efficiency  of  the 
"A"  operator  and  increasing  the  liability  to  "  wrong  numbers." 
An  automatic  call-wire  selecting  equipment  has  been  installed  at 
the  Central  Exchange,  London,  which  has  for  its  object  the 
selection  and  isolation  of  a  call-wire  when  one  is  required  by  an 
"A"  operator.  There  are  10  call-wires  in  the  group  affected,  and 
they  were,  before  the  introduction  of  the  new  conditions,  operated 
from  10  call-wire  keys,  the  circuits  of  which  were  multipled  over 
16"  "A"  positions.  When  the  selecting  equipment  was  intro- 
duced the  1 0  keys  per  position  were  replaced  by  1  key  per  position. 
Each  operator  is  given  a  selector  which  rotates  when  she 
depresses  her  call-wire  key.  The  rotation  continues  until  the 
wipers  find  an  idle  "  B  "  operator,  when  the  "  A  "'  operator  is  able 
to  pass  her  call.  The  following  are  some  of  the  facilities  thus 
obtained  : — 

When  an  "  A  "  operator  depresses  her  call-wire  key.  she  is  auto- 
matically connected  to  a  disengaged  "  B  "  operator. 

More  than  one  "  A  '"  operator  cannot  obtain  connection  with  the 
same  "  B  "  operator  at  the  same  time. 

A  click  is  heard  in  the  "  A  "  operator's  receiver  when  a  dis- 
engaged call-wire  is  obtained. 

During  periods  when  none  of  the  "  B  "  positions  are  open  a  call- 
ing lamp  on  the  "  B  "  position  switchboard  glows  when  any  of  the 
call-wire  keys  on  the  "  A  "  positions  are  depressed.  The  night  bell 
also  rings  under  these  conditions. 

Any  "  B "'  position  is  capable  of  being  rendered  inaccessible  to 
the  "  A  "  operators  by  throwing  a  call-wire  circuit  key  situated  on 
the  "  B  "  operator's  keyboard  ;  as,  for  instance,  in  cases  where  the 


position  is  closed  or  when  all  the  junctions  terminating  on  the 
positions  are  engaged. 

The  motor  interrupter  which  supplies  driving  current  to  the 
selectors  can  be  closed  down  during  the  period  of  night-working, 
but  will  be  restarted  automatically  when  a  call-wire  key  on  an 
"  A  "  position  is  depressed,  and  will  continue  running  until  the 
selector  has  found  and  stopped  on  the  contacts  corresponding  to  an 
accessible  and  disengaged  "  B  "  position,  or  until  the  call-wire  key 
is  released. 

An  alarm  is  given  when  any  of  the  spring  sets  belonging  to  the 
interrupter  in  use  fail  to  make  proper  contact.  Also  in  this  case 
a  lamp  lights,  indicating  which  spring  set  requires  attention. 

The  experimental  equipment  has  l>een  installed  for  the  British 
Post  Office  by  Messrs.  Siemens  Brothers  i:  Co.,  Ltd. 


The   Transmission   of    Electrical   Energy   by    Continoous 
Current  on  the  Series  System. 

By  J.  S.  HiGHFiELD,  M.I.E.E. 

It  is  due  to  the  skill  and  persistence  of  M.  Thury  that  a  practical 
method  of  using  the  constant-current  series  system  for  long 
transmissions  has  been  evolved,  and  he  has  carried  out  many 
schemes  of  considerable  magnitude.  There  has  been  a  tendency  in 
discussing  the  use  of  the  continuous-current  series  system  to  treat 
it  as  a  rival  of  the  alternating-current  parallel  system.  It  is  a 
very  natural  point  of  view,  but  it  is  not  a  correct  one.  When 
existing  methods  and  standard  apparatus  offer  a  satisfactory  com- 
mercial and  technical  solution  to  an  engineering  problem,  there 
is  no  reason  to  depart  from  existing  practice.  In  the  transmission 
of  electrical  energy  over  very  long  distances,  the  cost  of  the  trans- 
mission line  is  often  the  most  important  element  in  determining 
the  commercial  success  of  the  scheme,  and  it  is  notably  in  such 
cases  that  the  continuous-current  series  system  offers  advantages. 
The  schemes  carried  out  by  M.  Thury,  and  also  that  carried  out  by 
the  author,  were  decided  on  only  after  the  fullest  consideration  of 
all  the  factors  in  each  case,  and  they  have  all  resulted  in  most 
satisfactory  operation.  Many  schemes  for  the  electric  transmission 
of  power  necessitate  the  use  of  an  underground  line,  and  in  others, 
although  an  underground  line  is  not  absolutely  necespary,  it  is 
desirable.  It  would  be  commercially  and  technically  most  difticult 
to  carry  out  some  of  these  schemes  with  underground  cables, 
except  by  the  use  of  continuous  current.  In  short,  there  are 
limiting  conditions  where  it  is  less  costly  to  carry  fuel  than  to 
carry  electricity  by  means  of  an  expensive  transmission  line,  and 
these  limiting  conditions  are  reached  at  a  much  less  distance  with 
alternating  current  than  with  continuous  current 

The  chief  characteristic  of  the  machinery  used  in  all  parallel 
systems  is  that  it  generally  tends  to  run  at  nearly  constant  speed 
from  the  inherent  qualities  of  its  design.  Where  from  the  nature 
of  the  work,  variable-speed  motors  are  required — as,  for  instance,  in 
mining  work — considerable  difficulties  and  complications  are  intro- 
duced with  the  parallel  system.  The  constant-current  series 
machine  is  naturally  capable  of  running  at  variable  speeds  without 
complicated  regulators  and  with  high  efficiency.  In  a  mine  the 
ventilating  fans,  pumps,  winders,  hoisting,  and  air-compressing 
machinery  are  all  preferably  driven  with  variable-speed  motors. 
Air  compressors  can  be  driven  with  constant-current  series  motors 
without  any  regulating  gear  ;  as  the  pressure  rises  the  motor  will 
slow  down,  and  will  stop  when  the  pressure  exceeds  any  pre- 
determined limit,  which  can  be  adjusted  by  giving  the  brushes  of 
the  motor  the  proper  lead.  Such  an  arrangement  is  more  efficient 
and  less  complicated  that  any  of  the  parallel  systems  for  driving 
compressors.  There  is  no  doubt  that  in  many  cases  where  variable- 
speed  motors  are  required,  a  local  constant-current  series  plant 
would  give  excellent  service.  The  system  is  inherently  suited  to 
such  work,  and  the  author  is  of  opinion  that  it  requires  only 
careful  development  to  be  used  to  an  increasing  extent  for  such 
purposes. 

The  plant  and  apparatus  described  in  the  paper  are  mainly  those 
used  by  the  author  in  the  Western  area  of  the  Metropolitan 
Electric  Supply  Co.,  and  were  fully  described  by  him  in  a  paper  read 
at  Glasgow  last  year  at  the  summer  meeting  of  the  Institution  of 
Electrical  Engineers.* 

With  the  continuous-current  series  system  it  is  usually  convenient 
to  use  one  line  from  a  small  station,  and  perhaps  two  lines  from 
a  large  station,  and  the  system  does  not  lend  itself  to  a  large 
number  of  automatic  contrivances  such  as  are  generally  used  in 
the  parallel  system.  It  is  necessary,  therefore,  to  install  the  cable 
system  in  the  strongest  possible  way,  so  that  the  chances  of  failure 
are  removed.  Similar  care  should  be  taken  in  the  design  of  the 
station  plant  and  of  the  little  switchgear  and  accessory  apparatus 
required. 

The  generators  are  provided  with  a  short-circuiting  switch, 
which  is  closed  mechanically  and  automatically  should  the 
generators  reverse  their  direction  of  rotation  due  to  a  breakdown 
of  the  prime  mover.  A  slipping  coupling  protects  the  prime  mover 
from  the  generator  in  the  event  of  a  very  sudden  short-circuit. 

The  line  current  is  kept  constant  by  a  form  of  regulator  which 
may  vary  either  the  speed  of  the  prime  mover  or  the  position  of  the 
brashes  where  constant  speed  is  required. 

The  Moutier-Lyons  cable  has  been  in  use  since  1906,  first  at  a 
pressure  of  .57,600  volts  and  recently  at  7.'). 000  volts. 

The  whole  of  the  Western  area  cables  have  been  subjected  to  a 

Electbical  Review.  June  14th,  1912,  pp.  970  and  986,  and 
Jane  21st,  p.  1021. 


i 


4 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8r.6,  Junk  20.  i9i:t.]        TJTK    ELECTKK'Ar.    liKVIKW. 


ion 


Hteady  preHsure  of  150,000  volts  for  a  period  of  about  80  minntea. 
The  joints  have  been  tested  at  altcrnatinpr  preHBures  up  to  ino.OOO 
voUh.  The  cablcH  are  intondod  for  a  r(!i,'ular  workiiiK  preHHure  of 
100,000  voltH,  and  it  ih  anticipated  that  there  wouhl  be  nodifflculty 
in  workinir  thorn  at  a  still  hi(;her  presHure.  For  makintf  these  testH 
two  speuial  machines  have  boon  built.  The  first  consists  of  an 
infiuenco  machine  (fivintf  a  direct  presHurc  of  rather  ovi'r  130,000 
volts.  The  second  machine  consists  of  a  contact  maker  working-  in 
conjunction  with  condensers  and  a  step-up  transformer,  and  is 
expected  to  (five  pressures  np  to  300,000  volts. 

The  Western  Area  underpround  system  consists  of  the  two  single 
cables  referred  to  above,  laid  in  cast-iron  pipes.  This  cable  system, 
at  a  pressure  of  100,000  volts,  will  carry  a  load  of  12,000  K\v.  In 
^iddition  to  the  cables,  provision  is  made  for  workinp;  with  an 
earth  return,  and  for  considerable  periods  the  whole  of  the  power 
has  been  supplied  through  a  single  cable  and  the  earth.  The  two 
cables  with  the  earth  return  provide  a  system  having  a  capacity  of 
12,000  KW.  in  complete  duplicate. 

The  difficulties  of  running  in  parallel  are  entirely  avoided,  so 
that  several  power  stations  may  be  connected  to  the  same  ring  as 
the  total  load  increases,  thus  allowing  the  effective  working 
pressure  to  be  raised  far  above  any  figure  possible  with  any  other 
system.  In  this  respect  the  uniform  section  of  the  cable  renders 
the  series  system  far  more  flexible  than  any  parallel  system. 

Difficulties  due  to  the  capacity  and  inductance  of  the  line  are 
eliminated,  and  where  an  underground  system  is  necessary,  owing 
to  the  high  pressure  that  can  be  used  with  continuous  current, 
energy  can  be  transmitted  to  a  far  greater  distance  than  is  possible 
with  alternating  current. 

Broadly,  it  may  be  said  that  where,  owing  to  the  great  length 
of  the  line,  the  cost  thereof  is  the  dominating  factor  from  a  com- 
mercial point  of  view,  then  the  continuous-current  series  system 
will  show  an  advantage  over  the  alternating-current  parallel 
system.  Where,  however,  the  cost  of  the  line  is  not  the  important 
point,  the  latter  system  will  usually  show  to  the  greatest  advantage. 

At  the  present  time  the  maximum  pressure  for  underground 
cables  for  alternating  current  over  a  long  transmission  is  probably 
25,000  volts,  and  even  when  working  with  a  frequency  of  25  cycles 
the  capacity  current  presents  considerable  difficulties. 

The  cost  of  an  overhead  three-phase  line,  even  at  equal  pressure, 
is  greater  than  that  of  a  series  continuous-current  line. 

In  many  cases  the  cost  per  kilowatt-mile  of  overhead  lines  is 
greater  than  the  cost  of  the  underground  continuous-current  cable 
system. 

Quite  apart  from  the  question  of  cost,  the  underground  system 
offers  definite  advantages  over  the  overhead  system.  It  is  possible 
to  run  underground  cables  in  urban  districts  where  overhead  lines 
would  not  be  permitted.  Then  the  overhead  system  is  more  subject 
to  wilful  damage,  and  suffers  far  more  harm  from  storms  and 
lightning  ;  also  the  cost  of  maintenance  is  much  heavier  with 
overhead  lines,  the  cost  of  maintaining  underground  lines  being 
an  almost  negligible  quantity.  Therefore,  other  things  being  equal, 
where  continuity  of  supply  is  of  the  first  importance,  the  under- 
ground system  will  usually  be  chosen. 

Where  continuous  current  is  used,  the  earth  can  be  employed  as 
part  of  the  circuit.  The  earth  may  be  used  either  as  a  permanent 
conductor  for  the  return  current,  or  it  may  be  used  as  a  stand-by 
in  the  event  of  the  failure  of  one  of  the  insulated  lines.  In  either 
case,  but  particularly  in  the  former,  this  use  of  the  earth  on  a  long 
transmission  is  of  immense  commercial  importance.  When  the 
earth  is  used  as  the  return  circuit  two  single  lines  in  parallel  would 
take  the  place  of  four,  thus  reducing  the  weight  of  copper  and 
the  number  of  insulators  by  one-half. 

Before  making  use  of  the  earth  connections  near  London  careful 
experiments  had  to  be  made  in  order  to  prove  that  no  damage  was 
caused  to  other  users  of  the  soil.  These  experiments  were  described 
by  the  author  in  June,  1912.  It  is  of  interest  that  the  Board  of 
Trade  and  the  Post  Office  Authorities  will  allow  the  earth  connec- 
tions to  be  used  in  the  case  of  a  breakdown. 

It  is  a  simple  matter  to  make  earth  connections  having  a  joint 
resistance  of  not  more  than  1  ohm.  The  total  resistance  of  a  line 
100  miles  long  with  two  conductors  of  0125  sq.  in.  section,  in- 
cluding the  resistance  of  the  earth  connections,  would  be  18  ohms, 
and  the  number  of  kilowatts  required  to  keep  the  line  charged 
would  ba  180,  or  1  5  per  cent,  of  the  capacity  of  one  of  the  con- 
ductors of  which  the  line  consists,  so  that  complete  duplicate  trans- 
mission is  provided  for.  With  the  two  lines  in  series,  without  the 
earth  connections,  the  total  resistance  would  be  68'3  ohms,  and  the 
number  of  kilowatts  required  to  keep  the  line  charged  would  be 
683,  or  nearly  6  per  cent,  of  the  maximum  capacity  of  the  line. 

The  chief  diflBculties  in  the  series  system  arise  in  connection  with 
the  power  station.  The  generator  is  subject  to  rigid  restrictions  as 
to  size.  It  is  possible  to  build  machines  giving  100  to  200  amperes 
at  a  pressure  of  5,000  volts  ;  it  may  be  possible  to  go  up  to  a  pres- 
sure of  6,000  volts  if  suitable  speeds  can  be  chosen.  For  generators 
of  300  amperes  probably  a  lower  pressure  would  be  necessary,  say, 
4,000  volts.  Consequently,  the  maximum  size  of  a  generator  at  the 
present  time  may  be  taken  to  be  1.200-1,500  kw.,  the  larger 
machines  running  at  250-300  R.P.M.,  and  the  .smaller  ones  at  about 
400  500  R.P  M.  Consequently,  to  make  up  a  large  power  unit,  it 
is  necessary  to  couple  two  or  more  generators  to  a  single  prime 
mover. 

In  the  case  of  an  hydraulic  power  station  where  the  turbine 
speed  is  suited  to  the  generators,  the  overall  cost  of  the  power 
station  will  be  similar  to  that  of  an  alternating-current  station. 
When  it  is  necessary  to  drive  the  generators  by  means  of  steam 
turbines  or  high-speed  hydraulic  turbines,  double-helical  gear  pro- 
vides a  satisfactory  means  of  reducing  the  high  speed  of  the  prime 
mover  to  the  most  suitable  speed  for  the  generators.  The  power 
station  would,  in  this   case,  generally  cost   more   than   a  power 


station  of  similar  size  for  alternating  current.  Where  the  Rizc  of 
the  units  is  very  large,  the  cost  of  the  power  house  on  th<;  Herieii 
Hystem  will  \u;  considerably  higher  than  that  of  a  similar  station 
containing  alternatiiig-ciirreiit  plant. 

The  energy  lost  in  the  line  with  constant  current  will  usually 
be  higher  than  with  *ho  constant-proHsure  systems.  Thd  high-load 
factor  with  which  most  lonif-diHtance  transmiHsion  syHt^^ms  must 
work  in  order  to  show  commercial  advantage  makes  the  large 
amount  of  energy  represented  by  the  constant  Iohhch  a  wjmparati  vely 
small  percentRge  of  the  energy  transiiiitted.  Where  the  fre'inency 
of  the  transmission  system  is  different  from  the  frequency  r'j'juired 
in  the  distributing  circuits,  the  continuous  and  alternating-current 
sub-stations  will  be  equal  in  cost.  In  other  cases  the  alternating- 
current  station  will  usually  have  the  advantage. 

There  are  certain  clearly  defined  cases  where  the  series  system 
offers  an  advantage  ;  for  instance,  where  a  load  of  abr;ut  7,000  kw. 
had  to  be  supplied  at  various  points  in  a  scattered  district,  involving 
a  length  of  approximately  100  miles,  by  underground  mains  and 
where  the  cost  of  energy  was  comparatively  small,  the  series- 
system  was  the  only  system  commercially  possible. 


FOREIGN    AND    COLONIAL    TARIFFS    ON 
ELECTRICAL    GOODS. 


Amendments. 


COLUMBIA. — The  Board  of  Trade  have  received  a  copy  of  a 
resolution  of  the  Columbian  Ministry  of  Finance,  in  which  it  is 
provided  that  all  materials  which  are  necessi^ry  for  the  establish- 
ment or  extension  of  electric  plants,  so  far  as  they  can  be  con- 
sidered as  forming  part  of  one  and  the  same  installation,  and 
provided  that  the  weight  of  each  importation  exceeds  3.000  kg. 
(about  59  cwt.),  are  entitled  to  duty  free  admission  into  Columbia. 
The  following  list  of  articles  entitled  to  duty  free  admission  in 
virtue  of  the  above  provision  is  given  in  the  resolution : — 
Generators  (dynamos)  and  electromotors,  with  their  rheostats,, 
accessories,  and  measuring,  safety,  regulating  and  governing 
apparatus ;  mechanical  cranes,  with  their  support  blocks  and 
running  tracks  ;  wires,  cables  and  bars  of  copper,  uncovered  or 
insulated  ;  insulators  weighing  over  50  grammes  each,  and  iron 
supports  therefor ;  cloth  and  bands  of  rubber  and  insulating 
materials  and  substances,  in  forms  for  use  in  electrical  industry  ; 
transformers,  and  oil  for  the  same ;  fusible  wires  of  metallic 
alloys ;  switches,  cut-outs  and  valves,  which  are  not  expressly 
excepted  ;  accumulators  and  condensers  ;  lightning  conductors  ;. 
sheets  of  marble  or  slate,  smooth,  not  carved  nor  ornamented, 
suitable  for  the  mounting  of  switchboards.  The  resolution  also 
contains  a  list  of  certain  materials  and  elements  for  electric  in- 
stallations inside  buildings  in  respect  of  which  duty  free  admission 
cannot  be  claimed. 

AUSTRALIA. — The  Australian  Commonwealth  Customs  authori- 
ties have  issued  the  following  decisions  as  to  the  duties  to  be  levied 
on  certain  electrical  goods  on  importation.  The  duties  in  each  case 
are  those  leviable  under  the  preferential  tariff  for  British  goods  ; — 

Earth  detectors  : 

Which  merely  indicate  without  measuring        ...  10  % 

Which  indicate  earth  and  measure  the  insulating 

resistance  ...         ...         ••■         .-.         ...         ...  free 

Indicators,  ringing  : 

Telephone  types       ...         •  ■         free 

House  bell  indicators  ...         ...         ...         ...     10%adval.. 

Rods,  ebonite    ...         ...         -..         ■••         ■  •         ••■     20        ,, 

Tubes,  ebonite 20 

Magnetos    for    use  on    home    cinematograph    or 

similar  machines ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     20        „ 

SWEDEN. — A  Swedish  Royal  Decree  provides  that  private 
merchants  and  firms  and  companies  carrying  on  commercial  opera- 
tions in  Sweden  may  be  accorded  the  right  of  receiving  a  refund  of 
Customs  duty  on  the  re-exportation  from  Sweden  of  goods  on 
which  duty  was  paid  when  they  were  imported.  The  Customs 
authorities  are  to  grant  permission  to  reputable  merchants  and 
firms  that  avail  themselves  of  this  right  for  certain  classes  of  goods. 
In  the  fcase  of  some  goods,  refund  of  duty  is  to  be  allowed  only 
when  the  person  re-exporting  them  makes  a  sworn  declaration  that 
to  his  knowledge  the  goods  are  not  intended  to  be  returned  to  the 
country  of  production  or  purchase,  or  to  the  agent  of  the  producer 
or  of  the  original  seller  in  another  country.  In  order  to  receive  a 
refund  of  duty  under  this  decree,  merchants  must,  when  entering 
the  goods  for  payment  of  duty,  declare  their  intention  of  claiming 
such  refund.  In  this  ca.se  a  special  tax,  amounting  to  j  per  cent, 
of  the  import  duty,  will  be  levied  at  the  same  time  as  the  latter. 

BRITISH  GUIANA.— The  Government  of  British  Guiana  have 
been  authorised  to  make  regulations  for  the  carrying  into  effect  of 
the  Canada- West  Indies  treaty,  which  provided  for  the  establish- 
ment of  a  preferential  tariff  for  British  and  Canadian  goods  on 
importation  into  the  West  Indies. 

SOUTH  AFRICA.— The  South  African  Customs  authorities  have 
decided  that  lamp-locks  and  keys  are  to  be  dutiable  at  the  rate  of 
3  per  cent,  ad  rtdorem  if  of  other  than  British  origin,  whereas 
British  goods  of  the  same  class  are  to  be  admitted  free  of  duty. 


1048 


IRE,    ELECTRICAL    BEVIEW. 


[VoL   72.    No.  l,8.-.6,  June  20,  1913 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOR.     1913. 

(NOT  YKT  PUBLISHED.) 

Compiled  expressl;  for  this  journal  by  Messrs.  W.  P.  Tbomfson  &  Co., 
Electrioal  Patent  Agents,  '28S,  High  Holbom,  London,  W.C.,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


12,753.  "Supports  for  the  filaments  of  glow-lamps."  Wolfrau  Lauien 
Akt.Qes.    (Convention  date,  June  3rd,  1912,  Qermaoj.)  Jane  2nd.  (Complete.) 

12,809.  "Generators  for  high-frequency  currents."  E. Oi&uu>EAn.  ((inven- 
tion date,  June  3rd,  1912,  France.)    June  2nd.    (Complete.) 

12,813.  "  Electrical  mine-igniting  machinee."  Eleetrotechni-schr  Faiirik 
8cuA>'rLER  &  Co.  (Convention  date,  February  Stb,  1913,  Qermany.)  June  2nd. 
.(Complete.) 

12  827.  "Means  for  overcoming  electrical  disturbances."  J.  8.  Witheks. 
<E.  8.  Beurtley,  Germany.)    June  2nd. 

12,837.  "  Method  of  construction  of  electrical  heating  resistances  particu- 
larly applicable  to  electrical  furnaces."  Hoc.  Generals  des  Nitrcres. 
(Convention  date,  July  26th,  1912,  France.)    June  2nd.    (Complete.) 

12.839.  "Electrical  measuring-inetraments."  British  Thomson-Houston 
Co.,  Ltd.,  and  F.  Holuen.    June  2ad. 

12,811.  "Power-transmission  and  control  apparatus  on  motor-vehicles." 
-J.  O.  P  TuoM.ts  and  Thouas  Transmission,  Ltd.  (Divided  .\pplication  on 
17,1S0;12.    July  23rd.)    June  2nd. 

12,652.    "  Adjustable  telephone  arms."    M.  J.  D.  Carter.    June  4th. 

12,871.  "Timing  gear  in  electric-ignition  devices."  W.  Rdthardt.  June 
4th.    (Complete.) 

12,dS2.  "Controllers  for  electric  motors  and  like  apparatus."  G.  Ellison 
and  M.  R.  H.  Mceller,  (Divided  application  on  22,959,  October  8th,  1912.) 
June  4tb. 

12,919.    "  Electric  arc  lamps."    A.  H.  Railisc.  and  A.  E.  Anoold.    June  4tb. 

12.935.  "  Switch  arrangement  for  electric  heating  apparatus."  R.  Weaving 
.and  Ff.bkanti,  Ltd.  (Divided  application  on  17,837,  August  1st,  1912.) 
June  4tb. 

12.936.  "  Electric  motor  starters."  J.  Rootbaan  and  Fekbanti,  Ltd. 
June  4tb. 

12,942.  "  Wireless  transmitter  and  automatic  recording  apparatus."  W.  A. 
f  REEMAN.    June  4th. 

12,956.  "Multipole  ignition  magneto  with  rotary  field  magnets."  Necfeldt 
and  Ki  HNKE,  (Convention  date,  January  13th,  1913,  Germany.)  June  4tb. 
(Complete.) 

12,966.  "Calling-device  for  telegraph  r>r  telephone  circuits."  C.  W,  Lukd 
and  New  PiioNOPORE  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.     June  4th.    (Complete.) 

13,006.  "  Magneto-electric  ignition  apparatus."  Unterbehg  &  Helmle. 
(Convention  date,  March  15th,  1913,  Germany.)    June  4tb.     (Complete.) 

13,019.  "  Mechanical  and  electrical  device  for  starting  and  stopping  a  stop 
watch,  primarily  intended  for  timing  motor-cycle  and  motor-car  racing,  but 
applicable  to  all  other  forms  of  racing  without  alteration."  H.  R.  Haigh. 
Jane  5th, 

13,023.     "  Form  of  electric  dimming  switch."     L.  Hulbert,    June  6th. 

13,034.  "  Electrically-operating  governors  for  marine  engines."  T.  Parker, 
Jane  Stb. 

13,046.  "  Means  for  use  in  controlling  electric  motors."  Electric  Con- 
struction Co.,  Ltd.,  and  N.  Pensabene.    June  5th.    (Complete.) 

13,053.  "  Apparatus  for  detecting  and  magnifying  minute  electric  impulses." 
T.Harvey.    June  Stb. 

13,064.    "  Receivers  for  wireless  telegraphy."    T.  Harvey.    June  Sth. 

13,063.     "  Electrically-heated  flat-iron."    F.  8.  Rippjnoillb.    Jtme  Sth. 

IS.OW.  "  Electric  railway  signal  relay  to  be  operated  by  alternating  or 
-pulsating  currents."     A.  H.  Johnson  and  W.  J.  Tborbowgood.    June  Stb. 

13,(]65.  "  Calling  or  alarm  apparatus  for  use  in  wireless  signalling."  W.  T. 
DiTCHAM  and  Grisdell-Matihlwb  Wireless  Telephone  Syndicate,  Ltd. 
June  Stb. 

13,078.  "Automatically  reversing  overhead  collector  for  electric  trains  and 
the  like."    P.  Alexander  and  R.  F.  Stedmah,    June  Stb. 

13,084.  "  Systems  employing  electric  motors  controlled  synchronously  from 
a  distance."  J.  L.  Routin.  (Divided  application  on  735/13,  January  9tb.) 
-June  Sth.    (Complete.) 

13,089.    "Telegraphic  transmission."    C.  ScHon.    June  Sth.     (Complete.) 

13,093.  "  Safety  device  and  signals  for  electric  cars,  motors,  motor-buses, 
and  other  mechanical  or  horse-propelled  vehicles."  E,  6.  H.  Pyle  and 
H.  Ptle.    June  Sth. 

13.106.  "  Cooking  apparatus."    A.  F.  Berry.    June  Sth. 

13.107.  "  Cooking  ovens."    A.  F.  Berry.    June  Stb. 

13,109.  "Apparatus  for  covering  the  silvering  of  glass  by  the  galvanic  de- 
position of  a  protecting  metal."  J.  J.  Declerb,  A.  L.  E.  Qbesv  and  G. 
Pascalis.    (Convention  date,  June  6th,  1912,  France.)    June  Sth.     (Complete.) 

13,115.  "  Control  apparatus  of  electrically-driven  hoists  or  other  machinery 
fally  or  partly  automatically  operated  on  the  potentiometer  principle."  J. 
Waoneb.    June  6th, 

13.142.  "Electric  incandescent  lamps."    C.  W.  Read.    June  6tb. 

13.143.  "  Loud-speaking  telephonic  apparatus."    E.  A.  Orahau.     June  6th. 

18.144.  "  Movable  radium  ray  carrier  for  medical  purposes."  O.  Walker. 
Jime  6th.    (Complete.) 

13.145.  "  Devices  for  medical  administration  of  electricity.  J.  Schneidrizik, 
Jane  6tb.     (Complete.) 

13,148.  "Controlling  electric  motors  for  ship  propulsion  and  other  purposes 
and  means  therefor."  SiEMCNS-ScBticKERTWERKE  O.m.b.H.  (Addition  to 
3,186  of  1913.)      Jane  6th.    (Complete.) 

13,159.     "  Electric  fuse  switches."    A.  L.  Weekeb,    June  6tb, 

13,175.  "  Portable  electric  lamps."  G.  F.  Hitzelberoeb  and  New  British 
Ever  Ready  Co.,  Ltd.    June  6tb.    (Complete.) 

13,177.  "  Process  for  coating  metal  plates  and  the  like."  B.  O.  Cowper- 
Coles.    June  6tb. 

13.242.  "Electrical  train-control  system"  W.  B,  Mirrav.  June  7tb. 
Complete.) 

13.243.  "Electrical  train-control  tystem."  W.  B.  Mirbay.  June  7th. 
(Complete.) 

13.249.  "  Electric  light  fittings."    O.  Vale  and  R.  H.  Best.    June  7th. 

13.250.  "  Electric  furnace  with  rotary  flame  for  the  treatment  of  gases  and 
steam."    I.  Moscicei.    June  7tb.    (Complete.) 

13,262,    "  Ammeters."    W.  Duddell,    June  7th. 


1912. 

Means  for  Oiitainino  a  Protective  Layer  on  Iron  t\D  Steel  Electbodfs 

AND  OTHEB  Articles.    A.  E.  Gibbs.    15,852.    July6t4. 
Systems  of   Cable  Workino  for  Electric  Teleobaphs.     J.   Qott.     22,864. 

October  1st.     (May  2nd,  1912.) 
Electhomagnetic    Apparatus   fob    Drivino    the    Pendulums    of    Electbic 

Clocks.    A.  Jabs.    24,313.    October  24tb.    (October  25th,  1911.) 
Electromagnetic  Sui-pension  Devices.    B.  Gracmiser.    24.499.    October  a6th. 

(October  27tli,  1911.) 
Method  of  Uniting  Sheets  of  Brass,  Aluminium  and  other  Metals  or  High 

Conductivity  for  Heat.      N.    Prostler  and  Ges.   fur    Elektrotecbniscbe 

Industrie.    25,987.    November  12tb. 
Selective  Sionallino  Apparatus  for  Telephone   and  Telegraph  Instru- 
ments.    H.  E.  R.  Roose  and  W.  T.  Finlay.     28,488.     December  10th. 
Electrio  Relays.     F.  H.  Nicholson.     30,05J.     December  81st.    (March  8th, 

1912.) 

Automatic  Telephonic  Apparatus.    B.  Degenhardt,  nie  Rcntz.    8,978.    Feb- 
ruary 16tb. 
Telephony.    8.  Q.  Brown.    4,067.    February  17th. 
Means  for  Producing  Electromagnetic  Waves  of  High  Group  Frequency, 

and   in    the    application    thereof  to  wireless   telephony.      w.    t. 

Ditcham,   H.  G.   Matthews  and  Grindell   Matthews  Wireless  Telephone 

Syndicate,  Ltd.    6,486.     March  16th. 
Distribution  op  Electric  Energy.    E.  G.  Waters.    11,,'>59.    May  16th. 
Electric  Current  Dibtriudtion  System.    E.  Bloustein.     11,684.    May  15th. 
Methods  of  Equalising  the  Load  on  Systems  of  Supply  for  Direct- Current 

Electric  Motors.     8.  Eckmann.    11,597.    May  ISth. 
Wireless  Telegraphy  or  Telephony.     H.  Merton.    11,714.    May  16tb. 
Devickb  for  Damping  the   Oscillations    set   up    in   Alternating-Current 

Dynamo-Electric  Machines.    Siemens-ScbuckertwerkeQes.    11,957.    May 

20th.    (May  lOth,  1911.) 
Electric  Lamp  Apparatus  for  Signalling   by  Semaphore  and  like  Codes, 

C.  W,  G.  Hill.     11,997.     May  21st. 
Electric  Heating  Device.     H.  S.  Martin.     12,075.    May  21st. 
Apparatus  fob  Operating   Electric  Seabch-Liohts  fbom  a  Distance,    Soc. 

Anon.  Officine  Galileo.     12,449.     May  25tb.     (May  31st,  1911.) 
Stobino  and  Charging  of  Electric  Hakd-Lahp  and  like  Seconbary  batteries, 

AND  Apparatus  therefor.     W.  M.  Maurice.     12,605.     May  28th. 
Electrical  Resistances  made  in  the  Form  of  Woven  Nets  or  Mats.    A.  B. 

Boar.     13,213.     June  Sth. 
Means  for  Supporting   Engin'es  more   Particularly  Applicable  to  Self- 
propelled   Vehicles.    British   Thomson  Houston  Co.    (General  Electric 

Co.)    13,767.    June  12th. 
Manufacture  of  Articles  of  Ceramic  Refractory  Material.    G.  B.  Schwerin. 

14,235.     June  18th.     (Addition  to  2,626  of  1911.) 
Appahatus  designed  Primarily  for  Starting  an  Internal-combustion  Engine 

by  means  of  Electric  Energy.     E.  V.  Hartford  and  L.  Mastrangel.     14,929. 

June  26th.     (July  27th,  1911.) 
Elkctbomagnetically-opebated  Switches,  Cut-outs  and  the  like,    Siemens 

Bros.  Dynamo  Works.  Ltd.,  and  R.  Brooks.    15,659.    July  4lh. 
Electrically-heated  Wearing  Apparel,  such  as  Gloves,  Mittens  and  the 

LIKE.    A.  L.  Carron.     18,080.    August  6th.    (September  9th,  1911.) 
Ironclad  Electric  Switch  and  Distribution  Boards.    H.  H.  Berry  and  W.  J. 

Mai'kham.    18,849.    August  9th. 
Generatob    Regulators.      W.    T.    Lake.      (J.B.M.    Electric    Co.)      18,425. 

August  10th. 
Electric  Flame  Arc  Lamps  of  the  Magazine  Type.    H.  F.  Angold.    18,908. 

August  19th. 
Electric  Switches.    A.  Page.     18,980.    August  19tb. 
Furnaces    of  the  Tunnel  or  Channel  Type.    E.  C.  R.   Marks.    (Electrio 

Smelting  and  Aluminium  Co.)    19,607.    August  27th. 
Contact  Fingers  or  Bbushes  fob  Electbic  Contbollers  and  likb  PiniPOSES. 

W.  G.  H.  Cox.    19,740.    August  29th. 
Electric   Indicating  Apparatus,    Tyler  Apparatus  Co. :  and  E.   H.   Bishop- 

21,179.    September  17th. 
Electrical  Regulating  Apparatus.    Soc.  Ed.  Gabreaa  et  P.  Dalaax.    21,813. 

September  25th.    (February  9th,  1912.) 
Indicators  for  Electric  Switches.    H.  H.  Berry,    22,539.    October  3rd. 
Production  OF  Light  AMD  other  Radiations.    8.  O.  BotTman.    22,972.    October 

Sth. 
Portable  Self-contained  Electric  Tell-tale  and  Dashboard  Lights  for 

Motor  Vehicles  and  the  Like.    W.  H.  Cole.    23,732.    October  17ih. 
Fitting  Electric  Lamps  to  Firemen's  Helmets.    W.   C.  Angel  and  E.  A. 

Creane.     23,814.     October  18tb. 
Electromagnetic    Obb-sepabatobs.      O.    Rietkotter    and    P.    Claes.     34,485, 

October  25th. 


1913. 

Connecting    Terminal    for    High -voltage    Circuits.      E,    Haefely.      119 

January  2od. 
Combined  Mechanical  Locks  and  Electric  Cibccit  Bbeakers  for  Lift  Doors 

AND  Gates.     Electromotor  Equipment  Co.  and   W.   H.   Brenner.     1,488, 

January  17tb. 
Devices  for    Electboctting    Animals,      B.    Smith.     3,152.     Janaary   27tb. 

(February  3rd,  1912.) 
Apparatus  for   Electrocuting  Animals.     H.  Smith.     2,199.    Janaary  27th. 

(February  17th,  1912.) 
Process  of   Making  an   Alkaline  Gelatinous  Electrolyte    for    Galvanic 

Battebies.    G.  S.  Engle.    2,b9S.    January  29th.    (October  8th,  1912.) 
Copper  Oxide  Plate  for  Use  in  Electric  Batteries  and  Process  of  Pao- 

DuciNG  Same.    G.  S.  Engle.    2,396.    January  29lh.    (October  Stb,  1912.) 
Devices  for  Automatically  Adjusting  the   Time  of  Ignition  in  Intbbnal- 

combustion   Engines.     Robert  Bosch  (Firm  of).     4,693,     February  24th. 

(March  14i.h,  1912.) 
Pendulum  Indicators  for  Use  with  Electric  Bell  Systems  or  for  Liki 

Purposes.    I.  H.  Parsons  and  H.  R.  Waddington.    4,890.    February  26th. 
Electric  Alarm  Signalling  Apparatus  for  Ordnance.    Fried.  Krupp  Akt.- 

Ges.     6,872.     March  10th.     (April  22nd,  1912.) 
Windings  of   Alternati.sg-current  Dynamo-electric  Machines.    Allmanna 

Svenska  Elektriska  Aktiebolaget.    7,776.    April  2nd,    (April  6th,  1913.) 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompson  A  Co.,  286,  High  Holbom,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


'Dtvamo-Elbctric  Machines 
38rd,  1912.) 


1911, 
J.   Lecoche. 


29,766.      December  .2l8t.     (May 


Drivinfi:  Chains. — JIkssus.  Haxs  Rexold,  Ltd.,  have 

sent  us  particulars  of  recent  tests  on  two  identical  pear-cutting 
machines  in  their  shops,  one  belt-driven  and  the  other  fitted  with 
their  silent  chain  drive.  It  is  found  that  the  chain-driven  machine 
gives  <>0  per  cent,  more  output  for  10  per  cent,  more  p3wer,  or  at 
equal  output  rc(|uires  14  J  per  cent,  less  power.  It  is  claimed  also 
that  the  tools  lawt  longer.  The  drives  fitted  with  their  chains  are 
increasing  at  the  rate  of  about  25,000  h.p.  a  year. 


Vol.  I.XXir. 


JUNE  27,  1918. 


No.  1,857. 


ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


THE    L.C.C.    TRAMWAYS    EErORT. 


Vol.  LXXII.] 


CONTENTS  :  Juno  «,  1918. 


The  X..C.C.  Tramways  Report      

Ministers  and  Marconis 

Copper        

The  L.C.C.  and  its  Employes      

The  Tramways  and   Ligrbt  Railways  AsBociation'i 
Congress 

Correspondence : — 

The  Mutual  Protection  of  Engineers 
The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  Lifts 
Ventilation  of  Electrical  Machinery 
Hedstead  Antenna 


(No.  I,eri7, 

I'ago 

...  1019 

...  Ui50 

...  io.->o 

...  lU.Ol 
1U..1 

...  10.")1 

...  10.-,  I 

...  \{i:a 

...  lUoG 

...  I0.5rt 

Proposed  British  General  Engineering  Staff  Association  1056 

Legal  1057 

Parliamentary        lO.TJ 

Basinesa  Notes       10.^9 

Notes  10r,7 

Memorials  to  Lord  Kelvin  ((Hm*.)  1069 

The  I.M.E.A.  at  Hampton  Court  (in?i«.)  1071 

Recent  Developments  at  Stuart  Street  Station,  Manchester 

(^illus.)      1071 

City  Notes 1074 

Stocks  and  Shares ...  1080 

Share  List  of  Electrical  Companies       lOi;! 

International  Time  Service         IflS.i 

Reviews       10S4 

Air-Gaps  in  Movingr-Coil  Instruments  ((VZh.v.) 108.5 

The  I.M.E.A.  Convention,  1913 US6 

Air  Filtration,   Cooling  and   Ventilation   of  Electrical 

Machinery  (i?Z?(.0 1088 

New  Electrical  Devices,  Fittings  and  Plant  (iZZw.) loco 

Our  Legal  Query  Column  lO'.U 

Patents  Expiring  in  1918  (cowc/wrfeif) I(i9l 

New  Patents  Applied  For,  1913 1092 

Abstracts  of  Published  Specifications  ...         ...         ...         ...  lii'J2 

Contractors'  Column  Advertisement  pages  xxvi,  xxviii  and  szx 


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THE     UNIVERSAL     ELECTRICAL 

(<T.  A..  Reply's)* 


DIRECTORY 


1913  EDITION. 

H.  ALABASTER,  GATEHOUSE  &  CO., 
4.  Ludeate  Hill.  London.  E.C. 


Hv  tlie  time  that  tliis  articl'r  ai)pear8  in  print  our  rcadere 
will  be  well  aware  of  the  result  of  the  year's  workinj(  of 
London's  tramway  system.  This  result  is  welcomed  in 
difTerent  ways  by  different  papers.  The  fact  that  under 
company  manaf^emciit  there  would  have  been  a  surplus  for 
dividends,  renewals,  and  depreciali'  n  (but  probabiy  divi- 
dend.") of  £7;i'.),05;i,  is  hailed  with  delight  by  advocates  of 
municipal  ownership.  The  fact  that  £7:')8,.^ij()  of  this  is 
swallowed  up  hy  debt  charges,  leaving  only  £407  net  sur- 
plus, is  hailed  with  a  great  air  of  "  I  told  you  so  "  by  the 
opposite  party.  We  have,  then,  at  once,  the  first  and 
greatest  argument  against  public  ownership — that  is,  that 
any  result  at  all  is  used  as  a  peg  to  hang  party  politics 
upon.  Moreover,  in  the  case  of  public  ownership  of  pro- 
perty of  any  kind,  the  caprice  of  the  individual  is  as 
powerful  as  it  is  in  private  ownership  ;  and  continuity  of 
policy  is  difficult  to  preserve,  because  the  process  of 
educating  a  kaleidoscopic  succession  of  inexixirienced 
people  aspiring  to  local  honours  has  to  be  repeated  over 
and  over  again. 

Apart  altogether  from  the  political  aspect  of  the  matter, 
the  financial  result  cannot  be  regarded  as  satisfactory.  By 
the  Council's  own  resolution  the  renewals  fund  should  receive 
a  contribution  of  £150,309 — and  it  gets  £497.  The 
primary  caus3  of  the  w  h  ^le  trouble  is  to  be  found  in  the 
enormous  and  unneces^sary  capitalisation  of  the  system.  The 
installation  of  the  conduit  system  involved  a  vast  expense 
which  might  have  been  avoided  by  the  use  of  the  overhead 
system  ;  and  in  the  .Minutes  now  under  consideration  we 
learn  that  the  Bermondsey  Metropolitan  Borough  Council 
refuses  its  consent  to  the  use  of  the  latter  in  its  area.  If 
Berlin  can  put  up  with  the  overhead  system,  surely  Ber- 
mondsey should  be  able  to  do  so.  Aberdeen  and  Liverpool, 
both  stately  cities,  use  the  trolley.  It  ought  net  to  be  possible 
for  obstacles  to  be  placed  in  the  way  of  the  development  of  a 
huge  and  necessary  system  of  rapid  transit  in  this  unreason- 
able manner.  The  use  of  the  conduit  s}  stem  renders  the 
roadways  at  points  such  as  the  Elephant  and  Castle 
positively  dangerous  to  pedestrians  and  horsed  vehicles.  The 
road  is  covered  with  interlacing  steel  plates,  all  highly  polished 
and  slightly  rounded,  half  of  which  are  due  to  the  condnit. 

The  cost  of  street  widenings  has  added  much  to  the  capital 
expenditure,  and  the  only  offset  against  this  burden  is  the 
fact  that  it  is  yearly  diminishing  and  must,  in  course  of 
time,  disappear.  The  fact  that  the  tramways  have  to  pay  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  middle  part  of  the  roadway,  which 
they  do  not  use,  is  a  long-standing  grievance,  which  is,  in 
general,  admitted  to  be  just. 

We  say  "  in  general."  Our  contemporary  Emjimering, 
in  its  issue  of  .Tune  20th  last,  does  not  admit  the  justice 
of  the  complaint  at  all.  It  refers  to  the  tramways  as 
"  a  system  of   transport   which  is  being  rapidly  rendered 


[1049] 


1050 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,857,  June  27,  1913. 


obsolescent  by  the  march  of  progress."  It  refers, 
none  too  graciously,  to  what  it  describes  as  the 
*'  whining "  and  "  peevish  whimpering "  of  those  who 
are  responsible  for  the  construction  and  working  of  the 
tramways.  Everyone  knew,  it  is  said,  that  these  charges 
would  have  to  be  met,  and  in  this  knowledge  promises  were 
made  of  lavish  financial  assistance  to  the  rates.  Qur  readers 
will  remember  that  we  have  never  failed  to  point  out  the 
unfairness  of  saddling  the  tramways  with  such  liabilities,  nor 
have  we  ever  countenanced  the  paying  over  of  either  tram- 
way or  electricity  profits  in  aid  of  rates.  The  case  of  the 
railways  is  entirely  different.  They  have  a  monopoly  of  the 
use  of  their  track,  and  they  can,  and  generally  do,  charge 
higher  fares.  Farther,  they  do  not  have  to  repay  their 
capital,  but  always  issue  more  for  extensions — sometimes  for 
objects  properly  chargeable  to  obsolescence.  They  pay  for 
the  property  they  demolish  in  constructing  their  lines, 
and  rightly  so,  because  they  leave  in  its  place  a  tract  of 
private  land.  The  tramways,  on  the  other  hand,  leave  a 
better  road,  and  a  wider,  than  existed  before ;  and  it  is  not 
private,  but  is  there  for  the  use  of  everyone — including  their 
severest  competitor,  the  motor-'bus.  Euginecring  objects  to 
the  use  of  stone  setts  between  the  rails,  and  we  candidly 
admit  that  we  do  not  know  why  they  are  necessary.  We 
82em  to  have  seen,  however,  stone  setts  recently  laid  in 
Oxford  .Street  and  HolbDrn,  with  which  the  tramways  have 
not  been  concerned.  The  contention  as  to  injury  of  road 
surfaces  is  summarily  dismissed  with  the  remark  that  the 
motor-' buses  are  no  more  destructive  than  the  fast  motor 
delivefry  vans.  It  shpuld  be  remembered  that  there  are  many 
more  of  them. 

For  good  or  for  ill,  we  have  got  the  tramways,  and  we  must 
make  them  pay.  The  money  has  been  spent,  and  must  be 
repaid.  Competition  must,  therefore,  be  made  fairer,  and 
there  must  be  no  factitious  difficulties  placed  in  the  way  of 
the  undertaking,  either  as  regards  development  and  extension, 
or  working.  We  note  that  between  January  1st  of  this  year 
and  June  10th  the  police  issued  2'.t  summonses,  the  alleged 
offence  being  failure  to  stop  in  time  to  avoid  an  accident. 
Of  these  29,  no  fewer  than  19  were  dismissed  :  in  one  case 
the  magistrate  awarded  a  guinea  costs  against  the  police. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  tramways  are 
heavily  burdened  with  the  obligation  to  carry  workmen  at 
fares  which  entail  an  enormous  annual  loss  ;  if  the  tramways 
were  shut  down,  would  the  motor-'buses  fill  their  place  in 
this  respect  ?  We  think  not.  The  cost  of  providing  a  night 
service — a  great  boon  to  many  workers — and  the  loss  on  half- 
penny fares,  are  other  items  contributing  to  the  deficit.  The 
advocates  of  motor-'buses  fail  to  take  account  of  the  heavy 
handicap  imposed  upon  the  tramways  as  a  public  under- 
taking, from  which  their  rivals  are  free,  to  say  nothing  of 
the  fact  that  at  least  twice  as  many  'buses  would  be  required 
to  deal  with  the  same  traffic  as  the  tramcars  in  fine  weather, 
and  four  times  as  many  in  wet. 

London  has  no  local  patriotism.  Let  anyone  try  to  start 
and  work  a  system  of  motor-'buses  in  Glasgow  :  nobody  is 
likely  to  do  so,  for  it  could  never  be  made  to  pay.  When 
the  horse-drawn  tramcars  became  public  property,  an  attempt 
was  made  to  compete  with  them  by  means  of  horse-'buses. 
The  attempt  met  with  no  success  at  all. 

The  present  financial  position  is  unsatisfactory,  but  it 
cannot  be  said  to  be  unnatural,  or  even  unexpected.  There 
is  no  need  to  be  despondent  about  the  future,  provided  that 
the  concern  continues  to  run  on  business  lines.  There  is 
room  for  all  systems  of  traction  in  London — train,  tramcar 
and  motor-'bus — and  in  the  course  of  a  few  years  they  will  all 
settle  down  nicely  into  their  stride.  Censure  is  equally  out 
of  place  with  "  peevish  whimpering." 

I^et  all  extensions  be  made  as  cheaply  as  possible.  Let 
none  be  made  that  will  not,  either  now  or  in  the  near  future, 
pay  their  way.  Let  no  money  be  spent  outside  the  under- 
taking, even  if  there  be  a  surplus.  Finally,  let  the  people 
of  London  support  what  is  their  own.  If  these  things  be 
done,  the  position  cannot  fail  to  improve. 


.  Tin:  publication  of  the  interim  report 

Marconis  ^°*^  minority  reports  of  the  IMarconi  Com- 
mittee enabled  the  House  of  Commons  last 
week  to  debate  the  issue,  so  far  as  Ministers  were  concerned. 
Efforts  by  old  Parliamentary  hands  to  carry  the  discussion 
on  a  high  plane  and  remove  it  from  the  party  groove  were 
unsuccessful.  The  party  character  of  the  Committee  pro- 
ceedings was  reflected  in  the  reports,  and  the  House 
eventually  decided  the  issue  by  a  party  vote. 

The  essential  difference  lay  in  the  expression  of  regrets. 
The  Ministers  concerned  expressed  theirs  in  no  measured 
terms,  and  it  was  desired  by  the  Opposition  that  the  House 
should  record  their  regret  also.  As  this  would  have  been  a 
vote  of  censure  which  ihe  majority  were  not  prepared  to 
endorse,  it  was  decided  to  be  content  with  the  expressions  of 
the  Ministers.  The  sincerity  of  those  expressions  is 
beyond  question,  and  the  generously  minded  would  hardly 
desire  to  press  matters  further.  The  Iklinisters  have 
had  a  lesson,  and  the  whole  incident  should  have  a  healthy 
effect  on  public  life.  Accused  of  corruption  by  irresponsible, 
and  of  indiscretion  by  responsible,  persons,  the  Ministers, 
unhappily,  attached  undue  importance  to  the  former,  and 
only  tardily  realised  the  gravity  of  the  latter.  The  incident 
ends  with  the  recognition  of  the  fault  and  the  expression  of 
regret,  and  it  only  remains  to  draw  useful  lessons  from  it. 
One  of  these  lessons  is  to  emphasise  the  utility  of  the  expert. 
Politicians  whose  activities  and  interests  extend  over  a  wide 
sphere  should  recognise  their  limitations,  and  acquire  the 
habit  of  leaning  to  some  extent  at  least  on  others.  In  their 
confessional  speeches  both  the  Attorney-General  and  the 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  revealed  the  extent  to  which 
they  had  absorbed  a  view  of  wireless  telegraphy,  which  may 
be  described,  without  offence,  as  the  "  Marconi  atmosphere." 
Sir  Rufus  Isaacs  thought  wireless  telegraphy  and  ]\Iarccni 
were  synonymous  terms.  In  the  midst  of  his  own  troubles,  lilr. 
Lloyd  George  interpolated  a  quite  unnecessary  reference  to  the 
illustrious  inventor  and  the  verdict  of  history.  These  are  features 
upon  which  from  the  nature  of  the  case  they  could  not  be 
fully  informed.  Wireless  telegraphy  as  a  science  is  one 
thing  ;  as  a  business  it  is  another.  There  are  experts 
capable  of  pro])erly  appraising  the  merits,  historically,  scien- 
tifically and  financially.  Their  judgment  would  be  free 
from  l)ias  by  reason  of  any  mysteries  or  marvels  upon  which 
the  lay  mind  loves  to  dwell.  Amongst  the  mass  of  evidence 
given  before  the  Committee,  that  of  Mr.  Lloyd  George's 
own  broker  stands  out  in  its  clearness  and  frankness.  It 
shows  the  value  of  the  expert  with  a  sense  of  responsibility 
and  illustrates  the  general  lesson  which  we  wish  to  draw, 
though  necessarily  our  remarks  apply  more  particularly  to 
the  scientific  and  engineering  side.  The  layman  and  the 
politician  must  cultivate  a  mistrust  of  his  own  judgment  on 
points  beyond  his  experience  and  place  liimself  more  fully  in 
the  hands  of  the  best  experts  that  are  available  on  any  tech- 
nical or  scientific  question  that  may  present  itself  for  solu- 
tion. The  earlier  application  of  this  principle  would 
probably  have  avoided  much  unpleasant  controversy,  and 
the  failure  to  apply  it  in  the  future  will  be  inexcusable. 


Copper  prices  have  had  a  very  nasty 
Copper.  fall  within  the  past  week  or  so,  and  the 
market  has  at  times  verged  upon  a 
condition  of  semi-demoralisation.  For  some  little  time 
consumers  have  not  been  at  all  too  well  satisfied  with  the 
position,  even  though  it  was  not  easy  to  put  a  finger  on  a 
really  weak  spot,  the  favourite  argument  being  that  the 
statistics  issued  for  the  information  of  the  trade  were  not 
reliable.  There  certainly  is  not,  however,  the  slightest 
ground  for  impugnine  their  good  faith,  and  all  attempts  to 
discredit  their  accuracy  have  failed  in  the  matter  of  proof. 
As  to  surmise,  it  is  always  easy  to  cast  doubts,  and  a 
much  more  difficult  matter  to  carry  conviction.  Really 
there  is  not  the  slightest  reason  to  be  sceptical  as  to  the 
essential  correctness  of  the  European  returns,  and  the 
American  statistics  are  also  quite  reliable  so  far  as  they  go ; 
but  in  times  such  as  those  just  passed  through  there  is  no 


Vol  72.    No.  l,8r,7,  Junk  27,  I'Jl.t.l  -"j^HE     ELECTIUCAL     UKYIKW. 


1051 


room  for  (jveii  moderate  optimism,  the  iiiiirl<(!t  liiivinf^  bwiii 
infecLod  with  nuil<  dlHtniHt  of  overythiii},',  and  HoliitiK 
prcHsuic  oil  a  inrf^e  Hcalo  tiiidiiijr  an  entire  iu<;k  of  siipi)ort  on 
thf  f)art  of  Htront,'  houscH  wIioho  attitude  lias  for  a  lonj^  period 
been  one  of  friendliness  towards  tlio  inctul.  What  really 
brouf^ht  about  the  deln'iclc  was  a  succession  of  unfavourable 
outside  influences,  notably  the  weakness  of  the  New  York 
and  I'aris  Bourses,  on  each  of  which  drives  were  made 
against  copper  shares,  especially  Tintos  and  Aiiialgamateds ; 
this,  tojjether  with  the  restriction  of  credit  facilities  and 
the  heavy  realising  of  speculative  coinniitnieiits,  combined  to 
bring  about  a  flood  of  selling,  and  prices  broke  sharply. 

So  far  as  the  statistical  situation  is  concerned,  matters  liave 
improved  very  considerably  this  year,  for  the  world's  visible 
supply  has  decreased  from  1)8,101  tons  at  the  end  of  January 
to  71,«0'.»  tons  at  the  end  of  May,  but  it  may  well  be  con- 
sidered whether  the  best  of  the  returns  has  not  now  been 
seen.  For  one  thing,  the  production  in  the  ITnitcd  States 
is  apparently  increasing,  notwithstanding  certain  local 
difficulties,  caused  in  part  by  the  Mexican  Revolution,  and 
output  seems  to  be  headed  for  a  fresh  new  record,  the 
highest  figure  yet  reached  being  Gr),012  tons  in  August  of 
last  year,  while  the  total  last  montli  was  63,08!)  tons.  This 
is  one  thing  which  gives  pause  to  those  who  entertain  a 
moderately  good  opinion  of  the  market.  Another 
is  the  huge  deliveries  of  the  last  three  months 
— 68,877  tons  in  March,  73,230  tons  in  April, 
and  71,80!)  tons  in  May.  It  is  felt,  and  with  reason, 
that  the  world  cannot  go  on  taking  copper  at  this  rate.  The 
total  American  home  trade  deliveries  and  exports  for  the  five 
completed  months  of  this  year  were  323,737  tons,  against 
291,5G7  tons  last  year,  an  increase  of  some  32,000  tons,  or 
C.,400  tons  a  month.  The  average  of  March,  April  and 
May,  is,  however,  over  ()6,000  tons  a  month,  and  this  surely 
implies  a  falling  off  in  the  takings  during  the  next  few 
months,  even  though  consumption  remains  as  good  as  ever. 
With  a  reduction  in  the  deliveries  by  the  American  pro- 
ducers, we  shall  be  brought  face  to  face  with  increasing 
stocks  either  in  America  or  Europe,  and  either  contingency 
in  the  present  temper  of  the  markets  might  be  sufficient  to 
give  prices  a  further  twist  downwards.  It  is  a  question, 
however,  whether  the  events  of  the  past  week  or  so  have  not 
pretty  well  discounted  bad  figures  at  the  end  of  this  month, 
in  which  event,  especially  if  the  outside  conditions  which 
have  been  such  a  drag  on  the  market  improve,  there  might 
easily  be  a  rather  sharp  recovery. 

The  reduction  in  prices  recently  declared  by  the  Amal- 
gamated Copper  Co.,  and  later  followed  by  other  leading 
interests,  further  unsettled  the  market,  not  so  much  because 
of  the  cut,  but  because  the  reduction  was  not  sufficient  to 
stimulate  buying.  At  all  events,  the  producers  have  not,  so 
far,  made  any  sales  worth  considering  ;  and  what  business  is 
about,  has  gone  to  the  dealers.  That  there  is  buying  to  be 
done,  however,  nobody  doubts,  and  a  restoration  of  con- 
fidence in  trade  and  financial  circles  would  work  wonders  as 
regards  the  appearance  of  the  market,  which,  moreover,  is 
greatly  oversold  speculatively. 


The   Central  ConciUation  Board,  con- 

,  '  *  *      sisting    of    representatives    of    both   the 
flDil  its 
Employes,       Council  and   its   employes,  has   just  pre- 
pared an  amended  scheme  for  the  tram- 
way  department.     The  scheme  has  been  presented  to  the 
Council  by  the  Highways  Committee,   which  is  responsible 
for  the  working  of  this  section  of  the  Council's  activities. 

The  questions  which  may  be  dealt  with  under  the  new 
scheme  relate  to  differences  in  rates  of  wages,  hours  of 
labour  and  general  conditions  exclusive  of  discipline  and 
•management.  It  is  proposed  to  classify  the  various  workers 
into  four  sections  :  one  dealing  with  traffic,  one  with  rolling 
■stock,  one  with  the  electrical  operatives,  and  the  fourth  with 
permanent  way  and  buildings.     Each  section  is  to  have  12 


nicinberH,  six  apfniinUid  by  llic  Council,  of  whom  not  more 
than  two  are  to  be  onic<irH  of  the  Council  and  tlie  rr:mainin(r  nix 
are  to  lie  chosen  by  the  men.  I'or  the  piirjKiw;  of  chfx>Hing  their 
rcpreHciitativcH  the  employi -i  in  wicli  H<clion  are  dividf;d  into 
groups,  each  of  which  elects  oik;  or  two  rejirewmtJiLiveH.  Each 
sirle  KelecU  its  own  secretary,  and  the  arrangements  for  diicting 
the  representatives  are  left  in  their  liandH.  On  the  men's 
side  those  nominated  must  belong  Ut  the  group  they  wish  U> 
represent,  and  must  have  the  support  of  six  or,  in  sfirne  caBCH, 
20  of  tlieir  colleagues.  At  each  meeting  of  the  Hcctions 
each  side  appoints  its  own  chairman,  and  after  diH<;uKHionB 
the  sides  vote  apart,  all  binding  decisions  being  arrived  at 
by  agreement  between  tlie  two  sides.  Jf  after  full  diwrossion 
the  two  sid'.'s  of  a  board  fail  to  arrive  at  any  agreement,  the 
matter  is  left  for  decision  by  a  court  of  arbitration,  to  Ije 
appointed  by  the  Board  of  Trade ;  each  side  of  a  sectional 
board  is  to  have  the  right  to  present  its  ca.se,  but, 
except  in  the  case  of  a  joint  re(|uest  by  the  two  parties  and 
the  consent  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  no  legal  assistance  is  to 
bs  obtained. 

The  sectional  boards  are  not  to  be  called  on  to  meet 
oftener  than  every  two  months,  and  the  question  of  payment 
for  loss  of  time  and  expenses  of  the  workers'  representatives 
is  left  to  their  discretion. 

In  the  event  of  any  decision  arrived  at  by  any  of  the 
sectional  boards  involving  increased  expense,  the  matter  is 
to  be  brought  before  the  Council  for  its  decision  by  the 
Highways  Committee  within  28  days. 

The  scheme  is  to  remain  in  force  until  six  months  after 
March  31st,  191(5,  unloss  terminated  earlier  by  mutual  con- 
sent. No  decision  arrived  at  by  a  board  is  to  be  reopened 
for  a  period  of  1 2  months. 

We  think  that  the  scheme  outlined  above  has  in  it  the 
groundwork  of  an  acceptable  working  plan.  Much  will 
depend  upon  the  spirit  in  which  the  parties  enter  upon  it, 
but  given  the  determination  on  both  sides  to  Ije  fair  and 
reasonable,  it  should  provide  a  means  for  settling  the  dis- 
putes which  are  sure  to  arise  in  any  large  undertaking. 
This  principle  of  conciliation  boards  is  now  on  its  trial  ;  if 
it  succeeds  it  may  be  found  applicable  to  smaller  under- 
takings where  disputes  of  the  same  class  have  to  be  settled. 


THE    TRAMWAYS    AND     LIGHT     RAILWAYS 
ASSOCIATION'S    ANNUAL    CONGRESS. 


{Concluded  fram  page  1013.) 

Mr.  Fred  Bland,  M.I.Mech.E.,  gave  a  resume  from  a  mannfac- 
facturer's  standpoint  of  "  Tramway  Track,  1883  to  1913  " — a  subject 
with  which  he  was  familiar,  having  been  closely  identified  with 
tramway  construction  fnr  30  years.  He  mentioned  that  steel-tired 
wheels  had  been  generally  adopted  in  preference  to  chilled  iron,  an 
American  importation  to  which  he  had  been  opposed  from  the  com- 
mencement. Since  1907,  12.'5,895  tons  of  British  Standard  section 
rails  had  been  rolled  in  this  country,  as  against  38,537  tons  of  other 
sections  ;  but  the  matter  was  again  under  revision  by  the  Engineer- 
ing Standards  Committee.  The  general  tendency  was  towards  more 
massive  construction.  Now  manganese  steel  was  the  rule  for 
points.  The  paper  contains  a  mass  of  information  regarding  old- 
time  practice,  showing  also  the  tendencies  of  modern  designs. 

In  submitting  his  paper,  Mr.  Bland  said  he  would  like  the 
members,  as  tramway  men,  to  consider  the  following  points  : — 

1.  Why  should  they  have  so  many  rail  sections  .'  Why  not  have 
two  or  at  the  outside,  three,  say  6  in.,  6J  in.,  and  7  in.,  and  adopt 
these  generally  .'  This  would  simplify  matters  for  manufacturers, 
and  there  would  be  cheaper  production  and  improved  deliveries,  as 
they  could  stock  with  some  degree  of  safety.  Personally,  he 
selected  No.  4,  7  in.  rails  as  the  best  standard  at  present. 

2.  Adopt  standard  radius  points  in  renewals  ;  take  150  ft.  radius 
as  the  standard  as  experience  showed  that  this  radius  would  replace 
their  old  loops  the  most  economically.  Then  have,  say  100  ft.  and 
20O  ft.  for  special  work,  and  either  200  ft.  or  240  ft.  equilateral  for 
diamond  loops. 

8.  Adopt  standard  types  of  points — automatic  and  open  mates  on 
country  roads  ;  double-tongue  points  in  towns  (where  the  jwints 
were  constantly  cleaned)  and  upon  all  facing  points. 

4.  Should  the  tongue  be  fitted  with  a  heel  pin,  or  be  pinless  ?  He 
advised  a  pin  with  a  heel  adjuster,  as  the  tongue  could  not  then 
work  forward. 

.").  Raise  all  grooves  of  open  points  and  crossings  on  turn-outs, 
&c.,  to  i  in.  deep,  but  in  double  junctions  where  cast  connected 
crossings  were  used,  as  at  present,  he  suggested  carrying  the  raised 
groove  throughout,  and,  if  they  would  pay  more,  then  carry  the 
grooves  out  square  across  the  track.  This  would  ensure  easier 
running. 


1052 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi  72.  No.  i.s.-.r,  jdne  -7,  1913. 


6.  He  advocated  the  use  of  a  rail  with  a  raised  proove  rolled  in 
for  curves,  ice. 

7.  What  type  of  renewable  g-uard  was  most  suitable  for  sharp 
curves  .' 

S.  On  emergency  crossovers,  otherwise  than  terminals,  abolish 
the  old  crossings,  and  put  in  an  unbroken  tread,  or  ufe  a  long  rail 
and  bolt  on  winer  crossings  for  the  crossover  track.  They  would 
thereby  reduce  their  repairs  and  give  easier  running. 

Mr.  H.  M.  Sayebs  (Brazil),  in  opening  the  discussion,  said  the 
main  thing  on  which  improvements  were  required,  in  his  view,  was 
the  special  work,  points  and  crossings.  Daring  the  last  three  years 
he  had  been  using  crossings  for  grooved  rails  made  by  two  English 
manufacturers,  and  for  Vignoles  rails  by  an  American  manufacturer. 
He  had  had  to  send  all  the  crossings  into  the  machine  shop  before 
they  could  be  put  into  the  track,  because  the  raising  of  the  grooves 
was  insufficient  or  misplaced,  so  that  the  wheel  flanges  caught  the 
points  of  the  diamond.  Manufacturers  succeeded  very  well  in  con- 
structing special  work  for  curves,  crossings  and  junctions,  where 
they  were  given  the  full  elements.  During  the  period  mentioned 
he  had  had  to  put  in  about  96  crossings  and  junctions  of  various 
sorts,  all  of  which  were  constructed  in  England — the  drawings 
being  sent  from  Brazil — and  in  very  few  cases  had  any  adjustment 
had  to  be  made  when  they  came  to  fit  them  together.  He  was  very 
well  satisfied  as  to  the  groove  rails  with  the  British  standards,  but 
all  the  heads  should  be  similar  in  width  acd  inclination,  so  that 
they  ivould  butt  up  and  meet. 

Mr.  \V.  B.  Pickering  (Sheffield)  said  that  the  difficulty  of 
renewing  point  tongues  was  a  matter  which  tramway  engineers 
themselves  were  responsible  for  in  great  measure.  The  manu- 
facturers to-day  turned  out  tongues  from  the  same  pattern  which 
were  absolutely  interchangeable.  In  regard  to  the  standardisation 
of  the  rail  section,  he  hoped  that  the  Standards  Committee  would 
not  increase  the  present  number  of  sections.  The  question  of  raised 
grooves  on  curves  was  a  very  debatable  one.  He  hsd  talked  with 
engineers  abroad,  particularly  where  the  raised  groove  had  been 
carried  right  through  the  grade  of  the  curve,  and  he  believed  they 
were  gradually  dropping  the  idea  altogether. 

Mb.  E.  H.  Edwardes  (Athertoo)  said  that  whereas  in  1882  the 
length  of  points  was  7  ft.  6  in.,  they  had  got  the  length  to  1.5  ft. 
in  1912.  There  must  be  some  advanta<;e  to  the  manufacturer  of 
points,  but  there  was  not  a  great  amount  of  advantage  to  the 
user,  and  they  were  getting  very  expensive.  His  experience  of 
silencers  had  not  been  satisfactory. 

Mr.  F.  Hf.wer  (Lorain  Co.)  said  it  had  been  proved  in  several 
places  that  insert  work  stood  up  and  was  more  economical  than  solid 
manganese.  He  thought  that  9  in.  manganpse  tongues  in  practice 
gave  bad  results.  Manganese  steel,  although  having  high  resistance 
to  abrasion,  had  a  tendency  to  flow,  or  cold-roll,  and  did  not  possess 
the  resilience  necessary  for  a  tongue,  unless  it  was  reinforced  to 
give  lateral  stiffness.  The  ordinary  single  tongue  in  manganese 
steel  was  liable  to  be  bent  by  the  car  wheel  and  would  cause 
derailment. 

Mb.  Charles  Fckness  (Blackpool)  said  that  more  than  70  per 
cent,  of  the  trouble  experienced  by  tramway  managers  in  track 
maintenance  was  due  to  bad  foundations  ;  he  had  endeavoured  to 
persuade  the  Blackpool  surveyor  to  lay  his  track  on  a  cushion 
foundation.  i<\,  placing  a  timber  medium  between  the  rail 
and  the  concrete.  They  had  a  length  in  Station  Road,  and  he 
was  watching  it  very  closely  ;  there  had  been  no  movement  of  the 
rails  during  the  last  25  years,  since  the  track  was  laid  down.  It 
was  laid  on  timber  about  9x5,  and  was  a  very  good  job. 

Mr.  R.  Humphuies  (Black  Country)  said  they  had  a  great  deal 
of  track  that  ran  over  pit  subsidences,  and  in  some  cases  they  lost 
their  concrete  years  ago.  The  track  was  originally  laid  en  a  con- 
crete bed.  but  now  they  ran  on  sleeper  construction  for  miles,  and 
they  found  that  the  permanent  way  laid  on  that  type  of  construc- 
tion gave  them  less  trouble,  the  cars  ran  far  sweeter,  and  they 
could  maintain  it  far  cheaper  than  the  tracks  where  concrete  was 
used.  Since  they  had  scrapped  their  chilled  wheels  and  equipped 
everything  with  tired  wheels,  the  trouble  on  their  special  work 
had  wonderfully  decreased. 

Mr.  C.  G.  Tegetmeier  (British  Electric  Traction  Co.)  said  that, 
as  chairman  of  the  Auckland  Tramways  Co.,  he  could  corroborate 
the  remarks  of  previous  speakers  upon  the  foundation  of  track. 
Sleepers  laid  upon  broken-up  msisses  of  concrete  formed  an  ideal 
track.  The  running  of  the  cars  was  much  more  easy  and  the  cost 
of  repairs  very  much  less.  The  main  street  in  Auckland  was 
originally  the  bed  of  a  creek.  There  was  about  20  ft.  of  made 
ground  on  which  the  track  was  laid.  The  track,  originally  laid 
upon  longitudinal  concrete  sleepers,  subsided,  and  the  remedy  was 
to  reconstruct  the  track  entirely,  driving  into  the  ground  wooden 
piles  20  ft.  to  40  ft  in  length.  These  were  driven  until  they  reached 
a  solid  bottom,  and  upon  them  a  longitudinal  1  S-in.  sleeper  was 
put.  Between  the  sleeper  and  the  base  of  the  rail,  which  was  laid 
over  the  sleeper,  there  was  about  2J  to  :!i  in.  of  concrete.  That 
was  about  seven  years  ago.  Now  the  concrete  between  the  rails 
and  the  longitudinal  wooden  sleeper,  resting  upon  the  20  to  30-ft. 
wooden  pilcj,  had  all  disintegrated,  and  the  track  had  to  be  recon- 
structed again.  The  method  now  was  to  put  an  additional  long 
wooden  sleeper  upon  the  top  of  the  previous  one,  and  to  lay  the 
rail  direct  upon  the  wood,  resting  upon  the  wooden  piles.  The 
cost  of  course  had  been  very  considerable,  but  when  the  work  was 
completed,  they  thought  they  would  have  a  track  that  would  last 
a  good  many  years.     There  was  no  concrete  used  in  the  process. 

Mr.  a.  W.  a.  Chiveks  (E.T.  Co.)  said  the  method  of  construction 
advised  by  the  permanent-way  engineer  of  the  British  Electrical 
Federation  was  a  combination  of  the  concrete  foundation  with 
sleepers,  and  had  been  so  devised  that  they  got  a  very  sourrd 
foundation,  which  was  very  satisfactory  for  heavy  vehicular 
traffic,  and  at  the  same  time  there  was  sufficient  resilience  to  give  a 


very  even   running.     That   track    was    advised   with    a    view    to 
meeting  all  conditions  where  they  were  not  subject  to  subsidences. 

Mr.  BLAsn,  in  reply  to  the  discussion,  said  that  they  did  not 
want  to  make  any  longer  points,  but  they  had  to  meet  the  demands 
of  engineers.  As  to  inserts  and  manganese,  the  Sheffield  manu- 
facturers made  both,  and  it  was  immaterial  which  was  used.  He 
thought  that  if  maintenance  engineers  would  consult  constructional 
engineers  on  the  actual  road  itself,  they  would  possibly  meet 
difficulties  better. 


On  Thursday  evening  the  members  of  the  Association  were  the 
guests  of  the  Mayor  and  Corporation  at  dinner  at  the  Imperial 
Hydro.  The  Mayor  (Councillor  M.  G.  Wilde)  presided,  and  was 
supported  by  members  of  the  Corporation  and  officials  of  the 
Association. 

The  Mayor  proposed  "The  Tramways  and  Light  Railways  Associa- 
tion," and  said  it  was  appropriate  that  the  Congress  should  be  held 
in  Blackpool,  as  the  borough  was  almost  the  pioneer  of  electric 
street  tramways,  as  it  was  also  a  pioneer  of  the  lighting  of  streets 
by  electricity.     Mr.  Harry  E.sgland  responded  to  the  toast. 

The  Hon.  Arthur  Stanley.  M.P.  (chairman  of  the  Association), 
proposed  "The  Blackpool  Corporation."  Alderman  Brodie 
(chairman  of  the  Tramways  Committee),  in  responding,  said  the 
electric  cars  had  been  running  in  Blackpool  for  about  28  years. 
He  had  thought  that  no  other  town  would  adopt  the  conduit 
system,  but  London  had  seen  fit  to  do  so.  The  conduit  was  a 
costly  system,  and  the  overhead  system  was  the  only  one  that 
would  pay  at  the  present  time.  CVjcncillor  Collins  (ex-Mayor), 
who  also  responded,  said  the  members  would  readily  understand  the 
difficulty  of  making  a  concern  such  as  the  Blackpool  tramways 
successful  when  they  were  told  that  tbey  had  to  deal  with  3ti(i,(i00 
people  at  one  time  of  the  year,  although  at  another  time  they  had 
to  meet  the  requirements  cf  a  population  of  only  6o,niMi.  They 
had  a  capital  expenditure  of  half  a  million,  and  last  year  their  cars 
travelled  a  million  miles  and  carried  12^  million  passengers. 
Tramways  had  led  to  the  extension  and  improvement  of  rural  areas, 
and  it  was  likely  that  in  the  future  they  would  perform  an  even 
more  important  function  than  they  hart  done  in  the  past. 

Mb.  Charles  Fdrness  (manager  of  the  Blackpool  Corporation 
Tramways)  also  responded,  and  pointed  to  the  fact  that  the  Cor- 
poration could  afford  to  lay  up  during  nine  months  of  the  year 
practically  75  per  cent,  of  the  rolling  stock. 

Sir  Edward  White  (chairman  of  the  Highways  Committee  of 
the  L.C.C.).  who  proposed  '  The  Mayor,"  said  that  unfortunately 
in  London  they  had  very  serious  competition  with  the  motor-buses, 
and  the  result  was  that  there  had  been  a  considerable  falling  off 
in  their  revenue,  but  he  hoped  that  it  was  only  temporary,  and  that 
in  the  near  future  they  would  recover  the  prosperous  position  they 
formerly  held.  He  strongly  advised  Blackpool  not  to  have  Jd.  fares. 
In  London  they  carried  20  per  cent,  of  the  passengers  at  id.  fares  ; 
they  also  carried  a  large  body  of  workmen  by  early  cars,  and  they 
ran  all-night  cars ;  on  those  services  alone  they  were  losing 
£l(i0,o00a  year. 

The  Mayor  briefly  acknowledged  the  toast,  and  the  proceedings 
ended. 


The  Congress  resumed  on  Friday,  June   13th,  under  the   chair- 
manship of  the  Hon.  Arthur  Stanley,  M.P. 

Mr.  Harry  England  presented  his  paper  on  "  Railless  Traction 
Legislation,"  and  explained  that  he  held  no  brief  for  railless  trac- 
tion ;  he  did  not  entertain  the  idea  that  railless  trolley  cars  were 
superior  to  motor-'buses  under  all  conditions,  and  certainly  he  would 
not  admit  th«  converse.  Touching  upon  road  maintenance,  he  said 
that  whether  their  leanings  we.e  to  motor-buses  or  trolley  cars 
they  would  agree  that  a  tax  which  was  applicable  to  one  particular 
form  of  mechanical  traction  only  was  inequitable.  Further  pro- 
motions and  extensions  of  the  railless  trolley  system  would  be 
governed  largely  by  the  amount  of  the  tax  which  Parliament 
put  upon  the  industry  for  road  maintenance  purposes.  By 
some  means  or  other  all  forms  of  traction  should  pay  for 
the  road  they  used,  according  to  the  weight  and  speed  of  the 
vehicle,  and  the  mileage  run.  He  referred  to  the  mutilation 
of  the  Government  Light  Railway  Act  last  year,  whereby  the 
attempt  to  facilitate  the  construction  of  railless  trolley  systems 
was  defeated,  and  the  position  remained  unchanged.  There  was  a 
crying  need,  he  said,  for  legislation  to  cheapen  and  accelerate 
applications  for  powers  to  run  trolley  cars,  which,  at  present,  cost 
practically  12  months'  time  and  hundreds  or  thousands  of  pounds, 
so  that  companies  were  driven  to  use  motor-'buses  in  preference  to 
applying  for  powers.  Eighteen  private  Acts  had  received  the 
sanction  of  Parliament,  15  promoted  by  local  authorities  and  three 
by  companies.  The  time  allowed  for  completion  ranged  from  two 
to  five  years.  The  type  of  vehicle  was  generally  left  open,  subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  Board  of  Trade.  Powers  to  carry  goods 
were  usually  restricted,  only  Brighton  and  Stockport  having  full 
powers  ;  as  the  railless  systems  penetrated  into  districts  where 
other  transport  facilities  were  lacking,  adequate  powers  in  this 
respect  were  very  desirable,  more  especially  as  the  railless 
system  enabled  connection  to  be  provided  to  manufac- 
turers' premises  at  small  cost.  It  would  be  to  the  advant- 
age of  the  railways  to  cease  their  opposition  to  these  facilities, 
as  road  motor  vehicles  were  rapidly  multiplying  and  would  capture 
much  of  the  railway  traffic  if  the  railways  did  not  co-operate  with 
the  railless  trolley  promoters.  Several  local  authorities  hud  taken 
powers  to  use  trolley  vehicles  for  the  conveyance  of  sanitary  refuse, 
road  metal,  i:c.  The  powers  of  the  Board  of  Trade  in  some  casfs- 
to  sanction  the  extension  of  authorised  trolley  vehicle  systems 
were  valuable,  and  should  be  incorporated  in  all  future  Acts. 
Powers   to  convert  the  system  into  a  tramway  when  the  traffic 


Vol.  73.     No.  1,887,  JoNB  27,  191 M.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


1068 


provpd  KnlTloicnt  would  bo  unefiil.  FiidiliflcH  for  through  riinninR' 
and  interohanife  of  tralllo  botwccii  iidjoiiiln«'  HyHterrm  Hliould  ho 
obtained.  U»ually  no  proviHion  whh  miido  for  rtninir)f  trnilprn. 
Practico  varied  an  re^ardod  the  cant  of  road  wid(^nin«'H  and  pavii)(^. 
RailloKH  Byfltema  onirlit  not  to  be  ninjflcd  out  from  all  other  fornm 
of  road  trafflo  for  a  npcoial  road  tax,  which  wan  Htronifly  objected 
to  ;  Insevcrnl  caHes  a  liability  to  this  end  had  been  laid  upon  llic  pro- 
moterR.  When  thin  liability  was  Rtrictly  defined  (aH  at  Ilhoiidda, 
Jd.  per  oar-inile)  the  cont  of  operatiii^f  trolley  oarH  coulii  bo 
definitely  estimated,  but  where  the  liability  wan  indefinite  inveHtorH 
woald  not  provide  tho  nocosHary  capital.  Railway  authoritien 
ahould  not  bo  given  Hpocial  protection  asrainet  tho  ownerH  of 
trolley  vehiolea  usinir  their  bridpfep,  and  tho  Baine  applied  fo 
county  brid(fefl,  tho  mains  of  gtrn  companies,  and  sewern, 
for  heavy  motor  trallio  was  increasinfr,  and  was  likely  to 
do  far  more  damapfo  than  trolley  vehicles.  The  removal  of 
snow  from  the  road  was  the  duty  of  the  local  authorities, 
and  should  not  be  imposed  upon  raillei's  traction  systems.  The 
competition  of  motor-omnibnses  ought  to  be  prohibited  on  all 
routes  where  trolley  vehicles  were  installed,  as  in  the  Briprhton 
Corporation's  Act.  The  author  proceeded  to  quote  in  abstract  the 
Acts  relatinpr  to  the  18  undertakinpfs  referred  to,  and  gave  a 
summarised  account  of  their  route  milagre,  number  of  vehicles,  &c. 
Those  in  operation  aro  at  Dundee,  Leeds,  Bradford,  Rotherham  and 
Stockport,  and  several  have  been  described  in  the  Elkctbicai, 
Revikw.  The  others  are  at  Ohiswick,  Halifax,  Northampton,  Aber- 
dare,  Brifrhton  (company),  Hove,  Brighton  (Corporation),  Sheffield, 
Keifrhley,  Ormesby,  Ramsbottom,  Chesterfield  and  Rhondda.  In  all 
cases  the  maximum  fare  is  Id.  per  mile  or  less  ;  in  four  cases  a 
minimum  fare  of  2d.  is  authorised,  the  minimum  otherwise  being  Id. 
Workmen's  fares  are  at  the  rate  of  Jd.  per  mile.  The  periods  for 
repayment  of  loans  nnder  the  various  Acts  are  as  follows  : — 


Trolley  vehicles 
Electrical  equipment 
of  line 

Cost  of  Act 

Electricity  works    ... 
Land... 


10  years. 

20  „ 

5  „ 

20  „ 

60  „ 


Land  for  street   im- 
provements        ...  50  years. 
Land  for  dejots      ...  55      „ 
Depot  accom'tn.      ...  20      ,, 
Bridges         50      ,, 


The  cost  of  operating  railless  trolley  vehicles  at  Bradford,  Leeds 
and  Rotherham  was  given  : — 

Bradford  Corporation,  April  1st,  1911— March  31st,  1912. 
Traffic  expenses      .S'860d. 


General        

0-448d. 

Repairs  and  maintenance            

r087d. 

Power  expenses  (Id.  per  unit)     

r228d. 

Total  working  expenses  per  car-mile    .. 

6-623d. 

Oar-miles  run         

28.485 

Average  revenue  per  car-mile     

7148d. 

Route  mileage        

H  miles 

Passengers  carried 

332,800 

Units  per  car-mile 

126 

Average  fare  charged  per  mile    ... 

0'8d. 

Cost  of  overhead  equipment        

.     £1,381  per  mile 

Total  cost  per  mile            

£1,654 

Leeds  Corporation,  April  1st,  1912- 

-March  31st,  1913. 

Traffic  expenses 

l-98d. 

General      „           

0-15d. 

Repairs        

2-12d. 

Power  expenses  (■44d.  per  unit) 

0-40d. 

Total  working  expenses  per  car-mile 

4-65d. 

Miles  run     ... 

80,605 

Route  mileage        ...         

4i 

Passengers  carried 

379,271 

Interest  and  sinking  fund  per  car-mile 

211d. 

Units  per  car-mile 

087 

Average  fare  charged  per  mile   ... 

O'Sd. 

Cost  of  electrical  equipment 

£4,723 

Cost  of  four  Tailless  vehicles 

£3,048 

Rotherham  Corporation,  October  3rd,  1912  — 
.January  SKst,  1913. 

Working  expenfes  per  car-mile 6'61d. 

Miles  run 38,918 

Receipts  per  car-mile       10'07d. 

Passengers  carried  ...  ...        126,028 

Interest  and  sinking  fund  per  ear-mile...  ...  r20d. 

Net  profit  per  car-mile     2'26d. 

The  rest  of  Mr.  England's  paper  was  devoted  to  brief  descrip- 
tions of  the  Cedes-Stoll,  R.E.T  .  Bremen,  and  Filovia  railless 
systems. 

In  opening  the  discussion.  Alderman  Ivey  (London)  said  that 
if  they  could  only  get  the  Government  to  treat  motor-'buses  and 
railless  trolley  cars  in  exactly  the  same  way  as  they  treated  tram- 
ways, the  greater  part  of  their  troubles  wouM  disappea'.  What 
they  felt  in  London  was  the  excessive  and  unfair  competition  which 
was  brought  about  by  the  privileged  user,  such  as  the  proprietor  ( f 
motor-buses  and — when  they  came — railless  trolley  cars.  As  to 
working  costs,  he  thought  it  was  distinctly  unfair  to  saddle  a 
tramway  undertaking  with  a  large  addition  in  the  way  of  running 
and  administrative  work,  as  had  been  done  in  connection  with  the 
railless  cars  at  Leeds.  It  was  not  a  fair  return  of  costs  at  all,  and 
when  they  added    the   manBgfmei.t   costs  he  did   not  think  the 


railless  syntcm  pre«entpd  a  ponitlon  which  was  mueh  lx-tt<'r  than 
that  of  thn  tramways.  Perconiilly,  he  thenitht  that  if  they  wanted 
any  addition  to  their  cxiHtIng  tramwayit,  a*  a  fwder  to  their 
existing  systems,  they  could  not  do  better  than  go  In  for  motor- 
'buses.  They  wore  utill  looking  to  Parliament  to  promote  a  general 
Bill  in  the  intorestn  of  all  road  trafllc,  which  would  really  bring 
some  uniformity,  and  remove  many  of  tho  disabilities  from  which 
they  suffered. 

Mit.  R.  M.  DiCKPEi>r)iE  (Edinburgh)  Kaid  he  represented  the 
Cable  Tramway  Co.,  of  Edinburgh,  and  would  like  information  aa 
to  the  probable  results,  economically  and  otherwise,  of  working 
self-propelled  vehicles. 

Mil.  W.  CL0U(ill  (Bury)  remarked  that  Mr.  England  had  st*t(d 
that  there  was  a  stipulation  placed  in  all  (Corporation  Acts  to  the 
effect  that  the  accounts  of  the  railless  car  nndertakings  should  be 
kept  separate.  lie  would  like  to  know  how  Leeds  managed  to  get 
outside  that  stipulation.  Mr.  Hamilton  made  it  quite  plain  that  be 
never  intended  to  put  certain  costs  in,  such  as  the  superintendent's 
office  and  depot  expenses,  and  even  the  ticket  check  he  had  only 
charged  at  the  rate  of  2s.  per  wtek.  They  should  have  the  matter 
quite  clear,  because  if  those  figures  went  forth  some  little  urban 
district  might  base  its  expenditure  on  the  Leeds  figures  with 
serious  results.  He  noticed  that  the  wages  of  motormen  and 
conductors  in  Bradford  were  extraordinarily  high — 2'836d.  The 
vehicles  got  a  good  speed  per  hour,  in  Bradford  7'66,  and  in 
Leeds  8  miles  per  hour.  The  wages  of  motormen  and  condnctont 
.  ought  to  come  out  more  like  r8d.  than  2  8d.  There  was  also  a 
big  difference  in  the  number  of  units  per  car-mile.  In  the  case  of 
Bradford  they  got  126,  and  in  the  case  of  Leeds  '87  unit  per  car- 
mile.  Again,  in  Leeds  the  cost  of  electricity  was  'I  Id.  per  unit,  an 
extremely  low  figure.  That  also  was  a  misleading  figure  withont 
some  explanation.  Taking  the  total  working  expenses,  they  found 
that  the  Bradford  figure  was  6  62:Jd.  per  car-mile.  They  were  not 
given  the  interest  and  pinking  fund,  but  they  had  the  Leeds 
interest  and  sinking  fund,  and  there  would  not  be  much  difTerence 
between  them.  If  they  added  2-llOd.to  6'623d.  they  got  8  733d., 
and  on  to  that  they  had  to  put  road  maintenance,  which  he  did  not 
think  they  could  get  out  of  with  less  than  '375d.  That  gave  them 
9'108d.  for  working  the  railless  trolley  system.  He  thought  Mr. 
England  was  quite  right  when  he  said  that  it  was  hopeless  to 
expect  investors  to  put  money  into  an  undertaking  of  that  descrip- 
tion. Whilst  they  got  a  railless  trolley  system  worked  as  part  of 
an  existing  system,  there  must  and  would  be  expenses  that  were  not 
put  in  the  railless  trolley  accounts.  At  Ramsbottom.  three  miles  from 
his  own  system,  a  railless  trolley  system  Was  being  put  up,  and  he 
intended  to  get  the  railless  trolley  system  figures  quite  separate 
from  any  other  figures.  He  was  sorry  the  through  running  system 
arrangement  they  had  in  regard  to  cars  had  not  been  included  in 
the  railless  trolley  system. 

Mr.  Shepherd  (Edinburgh)  observed  that  the  railless  trolley 
system  at  Leeds  came  almost  to  the  centre  of  the  city.  From  the 
Monday  to  the  Friday  he  believed  the  earnings  came  out  at  some- 
thing like  2  Jd.  per  car- mile,  and  on  the  Saturday  and  Sunday  they 
went  as  high  as  2s.  6d.  and  2s.  7d.  per  car-mile.  He  contended  that 
wherever  railless  trolley  vehicles  could  be  used,  the  motor-'bus 
would  always  be  more  favourable. 

Councillor  Isherwood  (Oldham)  said  that  in  his  town  they  had 
motor-'buses  working  to  a  residential  district,  where  there  were  no 
tramlines,  and  also  to  another  district  where  there  had  been  no 
house  property  at  all.  In  the  first  case  they  were  getting  a  revenue 
of  13d.  per 'bus-mile;  in  the  other  district,  where  the  property  was  not 
built  but  where  rapid  developments  were  taking  place,  they  wer« 
getting  12d.  to  13d.  per  'bus-mile,  made  up  chiefly  of  traffic  at  the 
week-ends.  The  rateable  value  of  the  town  was  being  increased 
very  greatly  in  the  part  of  the  borough  in  which  the  'buses  were 
running.  Although  they  had  had  several  complaints  from  resi- 
dents about  the  shaking  caused  by  the  'buses,  and  the  splashing  of 
mud  from  the  want  of  some  effective  mud-guard,  he  thought  that 
instead  of  removing  the  'buses  they  would  be  compelled  to  put  more 
on  the  roads. 

Councillor  J.  H.  Rodgers  said  that  in  Newcastle  they  were 
running  Tilling-Stevens  motor-'busea  simply  as  feeders  to  thetr 
tramcars.  They  ran  3^  miles  into  the  country,  to  a  place  with  a 
population  of  about  2,000,  they  were  handicapped  last  year  because 
they  commenced  with  only  one  'bus,  but  they  had  carried  no  fewer 
than  277,000  people  in  the  12  months  ending  May  24th  last.  Their 
earnings  had  been  lOd.  per  'bus-mile,  and  their  expenses  worked 
out  to  between  7d.  and  8d.,  including  depreciation  for  a  five  years' 
write  down  ;  the  service  had  proved  an  excellent  feeder  for  their 
tramways.  The  'buses  ran  to  a  tram  terminus,  where  the  greater 
proportion  of  the  passengers  got  out  and  boarded  the  tramoar  for 
the  city.  The  income  from  that  source,  which  they  reckoned  at 
£20  per  week,  went  to  the  credit  of  the  tramcars,  but  he  thought 
it  should  go  to  the  credit  of  the  'bus.  So  far  as  his  experience 
was  concerned  he  voted  for  the  motor-'bus. 

Mr.  R.  Humphries  (Birmingham)  said  that  steady  progress  was 
being  made  in  the  Black  Country  with  the  use  of  motor-'buses, 
in  some  instances,  as  feeders  to  existing  tramways.  A  great  pull 
that  the  motor-'bus  had  over  the  railless  trolley  car  was  its 
mobility.  Recently  a  route  was  laid  down,  and  it  was  found  a 
little  later  that  it  was  not  the  right  thing.  Consf  quently  the  route 
was  altered,  and  the  result  was  a  wonderful  improvement. 

Sir  Edward  White  (L CO.)  said  that  the  other  day,  in  giving 
evidence  before  a  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  new  inquir- 
ing into  the  qu  stion  of  London  traffic,  he  made  the  suggestion 
that  either  motor-buses  should  be  called  upon  to  pay  something 
towards  the  maintenance  of  the  roads,  which  they  destroyed  much 
more  than  did  the  tramcar.s,  or  that  the  tramway  authorities  should 
be  relieved  of  the  cost  of  maintaining  their  thoroughfares.  He 
was  g^lad  to  hear  that  Mr.  England  had  advocated   that.    To-day 


1054 


THE    ELECTBICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.   72.    No.  1,867,  J0NE  27,  1913 


tramways  did  practically  no  damage  whatever  to  the  roadway.  He 
waa  all  in  favour  of  a  cheap  service  of  locomotion,  and  therefore 
he  objected  to  any  tax  beinf;  put  either  on  motor-'buses  or  on  tram- 
oari.  He  had  nr^red  upon  a  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons 
that  instead  of  having:  to  go  before  the  Board  and  two  Committees, 
and  employ  counsel,  one  step  in  the  direction  of  lesseniDgr  the  cost 
would  be  tbat  a  Joint  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  and 
the  House  of  Lords  should  sit  and  hear  the  evidence.  Practically 
the  same  evidence  was  now  jriven  before  both  Committees,  and  it 
was  a  duplication  of  work  which  might  well  be  avoided,  whilst  the 
saving  would  be  substantial.  In  many  respects  London  could  not 
be  compared  with  the  provinces,  the  conditions  were  so  diflferent. 
They  had  to  contend  with  no  fewer  than  28  local  roaid  authorities, 
all  of  whom  w^ere  anxious  to  get  something  out  of  the  tramways, 
and  if  a  road  authority  objected  to  a  Bill,  their  veto  was  fatal,  and 
the  scheme  was  stillborn.  Those  were  diflSculties  which  they 
thought  were  very  unfair  ;  they  wanted  as  much  freedom  in  deal- 
ing with  those  matters  as  possible. 

Mr.  de  TcRCKHEii]  (secretary)  read  a  letter  which  Mr.  England 
had  received  from  Mr.  Edward  Cross,  engineer  and  manager  of  the 
Rotberham  Tramways  Department,  in  which  he  said  that  in  their 
case  the  estimate  for  their  proportion  of  the  cost  of  road  widenings 
was  tremendous,  and  would,  no  doubt,  have  the  effect  of  the  Cor- 
poration reluctantly  abandoning  two  routes  out  of  the  three. 
There  was  no  doubt  in  his  mind  that  county  councils,  urban  and 
rural  authorities  were  combining  to  obtain  precedents  enormously 
beneficial  to  themselves,  and  which  would  be  of  great  benefit  to 
them  in  opposing  in  subsequent  years. 

Iq  another  letter  which  was  read  from  Mr.  Stephen  Sellos 
(London),  the  writer  pointed  out  that  there  was  no  obligation  on 
the  part  of  the  Aberdare  Council  to  construct  any  bridges,  or 
maintain  the  same,  over  the  Great  Western  Railway,  as  stated  in 
the  paper.  The  Aberdare  Act  of  1911  was  an  Omnibus  Act,  and 
by  the  fault  of  the  Parliamentary  agent.  Sec.  43  thereof  was  in- 
serted under  Part  HI  (viz.,  Riilless  Traction)  instead  of,  as  it  should 
have  been,  under  Part  V  (street  improvements  and  bridge  works). 
The  statement  in  the  paper  was  not,  of  course,  an  error  on  the  part 
of  Mr.  Englind. 

The  Hon.  Abthub  Stanley,  M.P.,  in  expressing  thanks  to  Mr. 
England,  said  that  for  all  forms  of  traction  in  regard  to  which 
application  had  to  be  made  for  sanction.  Parliament  was  the  very 
worst  body  before  whom  those  things  could  go.  In  the  present 
state  of  business,  and  until  they  had  a  very  radical  change  in  the 
system  in  which  the  House  of  Commons  did  its  business,  it  was 
possible  for  almost  any  obstinate  member  to  make  the  carrying 
of  a  new  Tramway  Act  so  diflScult  and  so  expensive,  that  it  gave 
the  promoters  reason  to  wonder  whether  it  was  a  good  thing  to 
bring  forward  a  Bill  at  all.  He  believed  that  the  only  way  of 
dealing  with  this  problem  was  that  there  should  be  one  central 
road  authority,  which  would  be  free  from  all  local  jealousies,  and 
would  be  able  to  decide  on  the  general  merits  of  the  case.  Once 
that  had  been  decided  they  would  have  to  look  into  the  local  con- 
ditions to  see  that  all  received  fair  play,  but,  as  they  knew,  it  would 
be  a  very  different  thing  dealing  with  local  and  individual  interests 
after  they  had  once  got  permission  to  have  a  particular  form  of 
traction  upon  a  particular  road.  He  felt  very  strongly  that  as  far 
as  possible  they  ought  to  get  some  fair  system  of  taxation  from  all 
who  used  the  roads,  and  that  that  taxation  ought  to  go  not  only  to 
the  improvement  of  roads,  but  to  the  maintenance  of  roads.  There 
was  not  the  slightest  doubt  that  they,  as  tramway  men,  were 
unfairly  taxed. 

Mb.  England,  in  reply  to  the  discussion,  said  that  Mr.  Hamilton 
contended  that  he  had  charged  against  his  railless  system  every 
penny  that  system  had  cost.  As  a  tramway  man,  he  did  not  want 
to  employ  highly  skilled  labour  in  his  repair  shops  if  he  could  get 
other  labour.  If  he  got  motor-'buses,  he  would  want  an  entirely 
different  class  of  mechanic — an  expert  on  engines,  ignition  and 
carburetters  and  the  like.  They  could  not  afford  that.  He  was 
quite  prepared  to  discuss  the  cost  of  capital  charges  of  both 
systems,  and  he  thought  he  could  substantiate  his  contention  that 
it  was  much  cheaper  to  run  railless  cars  than  motor-'buses  in  pro- 
vincial towns.  The  costs  at  Bradford  were  very  high,  but  wages 
were  very  high  ;  and,  Bradford  being  an  exceedingly  hilly  city,  the 
costs  were  accounted  for  to  some  extent  by  that. 


Mb.  a.  V.  Mason,  M.I.E.E.  (general  manager  of  the  South 
Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways  and  Lighting  Co.),  then  read 
his  paper  on  "  Standard  Rules  for  Motormen  and  Conductors," 
explaining  the  basis  on  which  they  were  compiled.  No 
rule  was  included  that  could  not  be  reasonably  enforced, 
and  the  rules  for  inspectors  were  omitted  because  they  were 
of  a  private  nuture.  Forms  of  instructions  for  dealing  with 
various  eventualities  were  included.  A  written  agreement  was 
necessary  to  legalise  the  proposed  deductions.  The  author  con- 
sidered that  every  man  taken  on  as  a  conductor  should  be  pre- 
pared to  qualify  as  a  driver  within  a  given  period.  In  view  of  the 
increase  of  speed  of  all  vehicles,  drivers  should  pass  a  medical 
examination  on  joining,  and  subsequently  periodically,  especially 
for  eyesight. 

Mb.  a.  W.  a.  CHiVEna  said  he  thought  deviation  from  certain 
rule*  might  be  allowed  under  certain  circumstances,  and  he  thought 
if  provision  was  made  in  the  rules  to  allow  a  little  flexibility,  it 
would  be  a  good  thing. 

Mb.  C.  D.  Stanley  (St.  Helens)  asked  what  they  could  do  with 
persons  who,  having  committed  an  offence,  gave  a  false  name  and 
address. 

5Ir.  Mason  replied,  that  if  a  man  who  had  committed  an  offence 
again-t  a  by-law  gave  a  name  and  address,  they  had  to  be  content 


with  it.  If  they  had  reason  to  think  it  might  be  false  they  might 
instruct  an  inspector  to  follow  the  person.  They  could  only  detain 
a  man  for  assault  or  wilful  damage. 

The  business  proceedings  closed  with  an  expression  of  thanks  to 
the  Corporation  and  the  local  tramway  companies  for  their 
hospitality,  and  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  chairman. 

Subsequently  the  members  went  by  special  cars  to  the  Norbreck 
Hydro,  where  they  were  entertained  at  luncheon  by  the  Blackpool 
and  Fleetwood  Tramroad  Co. 

The  Hon.  Aktuuk  Stanley,  M.P.,  proposed  "  Our  Hosts,"  to 
which  Mb.  R  H.  Pbestwich  and  Mii.  John  Cameron  responded  ; 
and  later  on,  by  invitation  of  the  Blackpool  and  Fleetwood  Tram- 
road  Co.,  the  delegates  and  lady  friends  enjoyed  an  outing  to 
Barrow  and  Furness  Abbey.  The  social  functions  oonoluded  the 
same  evening  with  a  members'  supper  and  dance. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Lettert  received  by  Wi  after  6  P.M.  ON  TUESDAY  oantiot  appear  vnM 
the  follounng  week.  Coi~re»pondetUt  thould  forward  their  oommuni- 
cation*  at  the  earliest  potfihle  moment.  No  letter  can  he  pullithed 
unleii  we  have  the  writer' t  name  and  addrett  in  our  vottettion. 


Tbe  Mutual  Protection  of  Engineers. 

I  beg  to  direct  attention  to  a  matter  that  might  well 
claim  the  notice  of  the  new  Association.  That  is  the  dis- 
ability we  all  more  or  less  labour  under  owing  to  employers 
advertising  for  engineers  and  draughtsmen  under  an  office 
number.  This  undoubtedly  places  the  applicant  at  a  serious 
disadvantage.  In  the  usual  formula  he  is  requested  to 
"  state  full  particulars  "  (essentially  of  a  private  and  con- 
fidential character),  without  having  the  faintest  idea  into 
whose  hands  his  application  may  fall.  For  aught  he  knows, 
he  may  be  applying  for  the  very  post  he  at  present  fills,  or 
wasting  time  and  paper  in  seeking  service  with  some  com- 
pany of  which  he  has  no  desire  to  become  a  member.  To 
such  an  extent  is  this  sub  rosd  business  carried,  that  even 
should  the  firm  to  which  he  has  applied  have  occasion  to 
communicate  with  him  the  name  is  not  disclosed,  unless  he 
has  been  successful. 

I  am  more  than  a  little  surprised  that  a  body  of  self- 
respecting  and  educated  men — such  as,  I  think,  the  average 
engineer  may  claim  to  represent — should  have  submitted  to 
this  indignity  so  long.  Surely  we  have,  collectively,  the 
remedy  in  our  own  hands  by  undertaking  not  to  recognise 
any  adveitisement  which  is  not  accompanied  by  the  necessary 
bona  fides. 

To  be  perfectly  just,  I  ought  to  add  that  firms  of  the 
highest  status  in  the  profession  usually  do  advertise  under 
their  own  names,  but  these  are  remarkably  few. 

Vertebra. 

June  \(Mh,  l'J13. 


The  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  Electric  Lifts. 

I  am  glad  to  see  the  matter  of  lift  safety  locks  taken  up 
at  last  by  one  well-known  firm  of  lift  manufacturers.  Messrs. 
Smith,  Major  &  Stevens,  Ltd.,  in  their  letter  which  appeared 
in  the  June  13th  issue  of  this  journal,  make  many  startling 
assumptions,  and  from  these  assumptions,  by  a  process  of 
reasoning  peculiar  to  themselves,  arrive  at  the  conclusions 
which  they  particularly  desire  ;  in  other  words,  "  the  wish 
is  father  to  the  thought." 

In  the  third  paragraph  of  their  letter  they  refer  to  the 
new  lock  mentioned  by  myself,  assuming  that  the  locking 
operation  is  effected  by  switching  current  on  to  the  con- 
troller ;  further  on,  we  are  told  that  "in  any  case  the  duty 
of  locking  and  unlocking  is  shifted  to  the  controller." 
Before  remarking  further  on  this  assumption  and  deduction 
therefrom,  I  would  suggest  that  it  is  a  little  indiscreet  to 
criticise,  make  assumptions  and  definite  statements,  about 
something  of  which  it  is  acknowledged  no  definite  particulars 
are  available.  I  have  no  hesitation  in  informing  my  corres- 
pondents that  their  assumptions  and  arguments  in  this 
particular  case  arc  like  beating  the  air,  and  as  far  from  being 
in  accordance  with  facts  as  it  is  possible  to  be. 

Messrs.  S.  M.  &  S.  then  go  on  to  discuss  the  merits  and 
demerits  of  solenoids.  Of  course,  there  is  no  harm  in  this, 
but  the  matter  is  quite  irrelevant.  As  our  friends  thera- 
selvei  are  apparently  obsessed  by  solenoids,  I  may  say  that 


Vol  72.  No.  1,867,  Junk  27, 1913. ]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


1066 


the  lock  in  (juebtion  may  Ijc  coiiHtructod  to  work  e(jually 
well  with  or  without  the  uHBiBtauce  of  theae  useful 
appliances. 

Coming  to  the  paragraph  in  which  our  friends  mention 
their  invention  for  making  a  fractured  spring  act  as 
effectively  as  when  intact,  most  i)eople  will  admit,  I  think, 
that  a  piece  of  mechanism  which  dispenses  with  springs  and 
appliances  for  dealing  with  their  failures,  is  superior  thus 
far  to  one  which  includes  both  these  adjuncts.  Therefore, 
from  this  stand[)oint  alone,  the  new  lock  mentioned  is 
superior  to  one  which  includes  springs. 

Referring  again  to  the  third  paragraph  of  their  letter, 
they  say  that  they  are  bound,  by  the  context,  to  suppose 
that  gravity  and  springs  are  barred.  Why  'i  This  is 
another  pure  assumption.  Gravity  and  springs  may,  if 
desired,  both  be  used  in  the  example  of  the  lock  which  1 
have  seen,  and,  assuming  for  argument's  sake  that  both  these 
elements  are  present,  if  either  of  them  fail,  the  gate  will  not 
be  locked,  and  therefore  the  cage  cannot  move.  Again, 
should  the  supposed  failure  take  place  after  the  cage  has 
commenced  to  move,  the  worst  that  can  happen  is  that  the 
lift  will  stop  at  the  first  floor  it  arrives  at. 

Messrs.  S.  M.  &  S.  state  that  "it  is  difficult  to  see  how 
the  lock  in  question  advances  mattei-s  in  the  direction  of 
security  against  the  only  danger  he  (myself)  describes, 
that  of  the  interlocking  failing  to  act."  I  think  I  have 
made  it  clear  in  my  previous  letters  that  with  this  new  lock, 
if  the  interlocking  does  not  take  place,  the  lift  cannot  move. 
If  my  correspondents  will  carefully  read  the  short  specifica- 
tion which  was  given  in  my  second  letter,  they  will  see  that  I 
laid  it  down  as  a  condition  to  be  fulfilled  that  "cage 
cannot  move  until  the  gates  are  both  mechanically  and 
electrically  locked."  The  new  lock  is  in  accord  with  this, 
and  therefore  it  should  be  easily  seen  that  if  for  any  reason 
the  lock  fails  to  act,  the  lift  cannot  move  away,  and  conse- 
quently no  danger  exists. 

On  really  serious  consideration,  I  think  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  paragraph  in  which  our  friends  discuss  this  matter 
has  no  point,  and  that  they  have  completely  failed  to  grasp 
the  implications  of  the  condition  mentioned  above.  Again, 
referring  to  the  1905  patent.  Is  not  this  lock  covered 
by  the  description  which  1  gave  in  the  second  paragraph  of 
my  first  letter  ?  Of  course  it  is,  and  whether  small  details 
have  been  altered  since  the  first  pattern  was  produced  or 
whether  the  patent  is  eight  or  eight  hundred  years  old 
matters  not  one  iota.  Therefore,  it  is  quite  fair  to  claim 
this  1905  specification  as  representing  modern  practice 
generally.  Further,  I  am  aware  of  at  least  one  lift  installed 
by  our  friends  nothing  approaching  eight  years  ago,  the 
locks  of  which  bear  the  patent  number  2,766.  If  these 
locks  are  not  covered  by  the  patent  in  question,  what  right 
has  this  number  on  the  locks  at  all  ?  But  if  these  said 
locks  have  been  made  and  sold  under  this  patent,  I  again 
fail  to  see  the  force  of  their  remarks  as  to  whether  it  is  fair 
to  quote  the  1905  patent.  They  claim  to  have  improved 
their  lock  seventeen  times  in  fifteen  years.  One  can  only 
think  that  for  so  many  improvements  to  be  possible  con- 
siderable scope  must  have  been  allowed  in  the  original 
design,  and  hope  that  its  evolution  is  not  yet  ended. 

It  is  claimed  that  one  of  our  friends'  many  locks  accords 
precisely  with  the  specification  given  by  myself.  If  this  is 
so,  I  must  conclude  that  it  had  some  defect  either  in  design 
or  manufacture  which  precluded  it  fi'om  general  use,  for  it 
must  be  acknowledged  that  a  lock  which  conforms  to  the 
specification  quoted  must  be  vastly  superior,  if  properly 
designed,  to  one  which  does  not. 

Again,  we  are  informed  that  in  Continental  cities  for  about 
two  years  past  locks  have  been  working  on  two  different 
systems,  which  achieve  the  same  results  with  more  or  less 
success.  Messrs.  S.  M.  &  S.,  as  pointed  out  earlier  in  this 
letter,  are  not  quite  clear  on  the  working  of  the  new  lock, 
and  all  the  functions  which  it  fulfils,  therefore  their  statement 
of  any  similarity  between  this  lock  and  any  others  must  be 
taken  with  considerable  reserve. 

Going  a  little  further,  we  are  told  that  "  unlocking 
the  latch  at  the  proper  time  is  often  more  important  than 
detecting  the  correct  moment  for  locking  it."  Surely  we 
ai"e  not  to  believe  that  it  is  seriously  contended  that  it  is 
better  in  the  majority  of  cases  to  risk  a  broken  neck  rather 
than  a  shock  to  the  nerves  ?    Their  remark  on  an  unlocked 


zone  hIho  call  for  commitnt.  Nothing  in  nv^vx  with  the 
new  lock  than  to  give  not  only  any  length  of  unifx-ked  vm% 
desired,  but  give  it  ut  the  right  time ;  that  in  Ut  Hay,  the  gate 
is  not  unlocked  every  time  the  cage  hapjK-ns  Uj  [law!  it,  but 
only  when  re()uired.  Should  the  lift  for  any  reason  itop 
between  floors,  the  lock  can  bo  released  iu  a  mauD«r  timilar 
to  that  used  in  other  types  of  locks. 

With  regard  to  the  I)uc  de  Lorge's  death,  perhaps  Mean. 
S.  M.  A  S.  will  Ije  goad  enough  tfj  furnish  me  with  cr^rrcct 
details,  but  1  find  in  an  account  of  the  inquest  that  two 
witnesses  agreed  that  "  the  Due  had  his  hand  on  the  handle 
of  the  door  and  was  pulling  it  towards  him  when  the  lift 
touched  the  clip.  The  pulling  oix;n  of  the  door  would  stop 
the  cage,  and  no  doubt  the  Due,  thinking  the  cage  was  at 
the  door,  stepped  into  the  pit."  AVhether  an  unlocked  zone 
of  2  ft.  6  in.  more  or  less  is  desirable,  does  not  affect  my 
argument,  that  if  it  had  not  been  possible  for  the  Due  to 
stop  the  lift  by  opening  the  door  when  the  cage  tripjxid  the 
lock  instead  of  being  obliged  to  wait  until  the  cage  stopped 
at  the  floor,  he  might  have  been  alive  to-day. 

I  regret  that  I  am  unable  to  go  into  other  points  raised 
without  making  the  length  of  this  letter  prohibitive  ;  but 
sufficient  has  been  said  to  show  that  Mr.  G.  W^  Newman's 
remarks  on  the  necessity  of  exercising  caution  when  accepting 
the  advice  of  lift  makers  are  amply  justified. 

As  regards  the  new  lock  in  question,  I  can  say  that  the 
set  which  I  have  examined  (not  5  miles  from  Finsbury 
Pavement)  are  giving  every  satisfaction,  and  I  understand 
from  the  inventor  that  the  time  will  not  be  long  before  the 
details  become  public  property. 

W.  J.  F.  Cooper. 

London,  June,  llth,  1913. 

[We  must  urge  our  correspondents  to  exercise  brevity  in 
their  communications. — Eds.  E.R.] 


Our  first  letter  was  written  chiefly  by  way  of  protest 
against  a  comparison  drawn  between  a  lock  patented  by  us 
eight  years  ago,  and  one  discovered  by  your  correspondent 
"  a  few  weeks  back." 

We  were  able  to  show  that  during  the  intervening  eight 
years  we  had  made  many  improvements,  including  a  realisa- 
tion of  all  the  results  catalogued  in  praise  of  the  new  dis- 
covery, and  therefore  thought  the  comparison  scarcely 
fair. 

Mr.  Carroll,  on  the  16th  inst.,  in  a  letter,  the  general 
fairness  of  which  we  fully  recognise,  argues  that  a  lock  in- 
stalled two  years  ago,  and  which  was  probably  manufactured 
three  years  ago,  must  be  "  practically  up  to  date."  This  is 
not  so  bad  as  Mr.  Cooper's  logic,  but  still  does  not  take 
account  of  the  rapid  pace  of  modern  progress. 

In  the  interests  of  clearness,  may  we  digress  for  a  moment 
to  protest  against  some  confusing  words.  "  Locking  "  is 
frequently  used  where  latching  is  meant.  "Electrical 
locking  "  is  used  for  closing  a  switch. 

"  Electrical  interlocking  "  is  used  to  indicate  a  mechanical 
inert  connection  between  a  switch  and  a  latch.  "  Inter- 
locking "  sometimes  means  the  action  of  fixing  a  latch, 
sometimes  of  fixing  a  switch  and  sometimes  both. 

With  all  respect,  we  suggest  that  the  terms  "  latching," 
"  closing  the  switch,"  and  "  counterlocking  "  more  correctly 
cover  the  ground,  without  leading  to  so  much  confusion. 

Resuming,  eight  years  ago  we  were  the  only  lift  makers 
pressing  the  desirability  of  first  latching  ;  secondly,  closing 
the  switch  ;  and,  lastly,  counterlocking.  We  believe  at 
that  date  every  other  maker  omitted  either  the  latch  or  the 
counterlock. 

I>ater  that  omission  was  corrected  by  one  or  two  makers, 
but  there  was  still  no  certainty  about  the  order  of  latching 
and  closing  the  switch.  It  was  pure  chance  which  happened 
first ;  and  still  hundreds  of  locks  were  going  out  without 
any  counterlock  at  all. 

That  was  the  state  of  affairs  three  years  ago,  the  date  of 
the  lock  now  arraigned  by  Mr.  Carroll  on  account  of  a 
broken  spring  in  the  counterlock. 

But  from  the  first  we  were  perfectly  alive  to  the  short- 
comings of  springs,  and  never  ceased  experimenting  and 
improving  till  we  were  able  to  make  the  statement  contained 
in  our  first  letter,  to  the  effect  that  in  our  latest  patterns  a 
spring  in  several  fragments  is  still  effective  for  its  purpose. 


1056 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW.        [Vol  72.  no.  1,857,  jctb  27,  1918. 


That  stage  was  reached  long  before  this  correspondence 
commenced. 

"  Helicon  "  considers  oar  "  methods  of  discussion  adven- 
turous." Bat  Mr.  Cooper's  magnificent  edifice  of  claim  was 
based  on  such  a  minute  foundation  of  description,  that  we  were 
compelled  to  be  "  adventurous  "  or  dumb,  and  the  reference 
to  our  own  patent  left  us  but  little  choice. 

As  to  the  result,  which  we  avowedly  put  forward  as 
inductive  reasoning,  we  are  content  to  let  it  stand  as  a  working 
hypothesis  till  more  details  are  forthcoming. 

'•  Helicon  "  appears  to  understand  what  "  danger "  was 
in  Mr.  Cooper's  mind  when  writing  about  the  moment  at 
which  the  counterlocking  is  efifected.  Frankly,  we  do  not, 
nor  can  we  find  it  defined  in  that  gentleman's  letters.  Mr. 
Cooper  certainly  started  out  to  describe  a  danger,  but  what 
followed  referred  merely  to  an  irritating  annoyance. 

If,  for  instance,  someone  writes  of  the  *'  death  traps " 
arising  out  of  leaving  your  umbrella  on  the  landing,  and 
proceeds  to  point  out  that  all  such  dangers  could  be  avoided 
by  not  buying  umbrellas,  no  one  is  bound  by  that  argu- 
ment to  believe  in  the  alleged  danger. 

Be  that  as  it  may,  an  "  uncounterlocked  zone "  is 
demanded  by  experience ;  Mr.  Carroll  joins  us  in  "  not 
quarrelling  with  a  good  margin  for  the  un(counter)-locking 
of  gates  "  ;  and  Mr.  Harmsworth,  who  is  certainly  not  with- 
out experience  either  as  lift  manufacturer  or  an  advertiser, 
says  "  there  would  be  no  real  danger." 

On  another  point,  "  Helicon  "  has  misread  our  letter.  We 
made  no  reference  to  passengers  "  stopping  between  floors." 

Smith,  Major  &  Stevens,  Ltd. 

Northampton,  Junf  2Srd,  1918. 


I  might  add  that  I  have  a  set  of  locks  working  on  a  busy 
lift  in  the  city,  and  they  are  giving  every  satisfaction. 

Frank  Barlow,  KngiHefr, 
London,  N. 


As  the  inventor  of  the  lock  to  which  Mr.  Cooper  alludes, 
I  am  naturally  very  icterested  in  the  discussion  which  is 
taking  place  under  the  above  heading,  and  have  in  mind 
Messrs.  Waygood's  letter.  I  notice  that  the  main  points 
claimed  for  my  lock,  as  set  out  by  Mr.  Cooper,  have  not 
been  fully  grasped  by  those  who  would  now  criticise.  This 
is  not  surprising  considering  that  Mr.  Cooper  (at  my  express 
wish)  made  no  attempt  to  describe  the  lock  in  detail, 
obviously  to  avoid  advertisement  (in  which  case  our  sales 
manager  would  have  wanted  to  say  something). 

Much  of  the  discussion  is  centred  round  the  use  of  springs, 
which,  of  coarse,  cannot  'oe  relied  upon  and  are,  in  most 
cases,  a  source  of  danger  in  themselves.  Realising  this  (and 
agreeing  with  Messrs.  Smith,  Major  &  Stevens  that  the 
spring  should  be  arranged  to  do  duty  after  breakage),  I 
turn  to  Patent  No.  13,183,  1911,  and  notice  that  this  lock  is 
provided  with  five  springs  and  two  flexible  connections, 
which  means  that  with  an  average  lift  of  eight  floors,  as 
many  as  40  springs  and  16  flexes  with  necessary  attach- 
ments would  be  used. 

Taking  this  lock  as  a  fair  example  of  modern  practice, 
it  is  difficult  to  see  how  Mr.  Harmsworth  can  be  satisfied 
with  a  lock  of  this  description,  but,  perhaps,  he  is  not  in 
touch  with  the  Repairs  Department.  So  much  for  springs. 
Needless  to  say,  I  do  not  find  them  necessary  in  my  lock. 

It  should  be  thoroughly  understood  that  as  the  lift  passes 
the  floor,  the  gate  is  unlocked  and  locked  again,  but  should 
the  locking  action  fail,  it  is  quite  obvious  that  the  lift  moves 
away  leaving  the  gate  unlocked.  In  these  circumstances 
anyone  may  open  the  gate  in  the  ordinary  manner,  possibly 
with  disastrous  results.  Unlike  other  essential  parts  of  the 
lift,  the  defect  is  not  at  once  apparent,  and  the  lift  may  con- 
tinue to  work  with  the  lock  or  locks  out  of  order,  thus 
constituting  a  death-trap.  Assuming  that  Mr.  Harmsworth 
is  thoroughly  familiar  with  all  the  points  in  connection  with 
lift  locks,  it  is  diflBcult  for  one  to  understand  how  he  comes 
to  state  that  his  locking  gear  (which  docs  not  provide 
against  the  above  defects),  "  meets  all  likely  contingencies." 
I  believe  veiy  few  people  realise  this  danger,  and  I  thoroughly 
endorse  Mr.  Carroll's  remarks  on  this  point. 

I  am  pleased  to  say  I  have  succeeded  in  producing  a  lock 
which  excludes  all  the  objectionable  features  above  referred 
to,  and  hope  to  furnish  particulars  in  this  journal  at  a 
later  date. 


Ventilation  of  Electrical  Machinery. 

In  your  paper  of  September  15th,  1911,  there  was  a 
review  of  my  book  "  Ventilation  of  Electrical  Machinery  " 
(Whittaker  &.  Co.). 

The  reviewer  quotes  the  passage  which  occurs  in  the 
section  dealing  with  the  refrigerator  as  a  cooling  agent,  viz  , 
"  that  the  author  is  very  hopeful  that  refrigeration  may  form 
a  useful  adjunct  to  the  generator,"  and  adds  that  "  the 
reviewer  thinks  it  will  be  rather  a  long  time  before  we  find 
an  ammonia  or  carbonic  acid  refrigerator  used  to  cool  turbo- 
generators." 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Mr.  Christie,  in  his  paper  at 
Kingston,  considers  that  with  wet  cooling  and  a  small 
rffrigeraior  25  per  cent,  increased  output  will  be  obtained. 
This  was  not  pooh-poohed  by  any  one  of  the  engineers 
present. 

W.  U.  F.  Murdoch. 

Mill  Hill,  June  21s/,  1913. 


Bedstead  Antenna. 


With  reference  to  the  query  in  your  last  issue,  as  to  the 
efl'ect  on  arc  lamps  of  wireless  sisals,  I  might  mention  that 
I  have  noticed  an  arc  lamp  acted  upon  by  what  would 
undoubtedly  be,  wireless  signals,  in  the  following  circum- 
stances. A  few  months  ago,  I  was  burning  an  enclosed  type 
lamp  under  open  type  conditions  in  the  test  room,  with  an 
abnormal  arc  voltage,  approximately  90,  coupled  between 
positive  and  neutral,  when  the  arc  emitted  sounds,  un- 
questionably in  Morse,  at  the  equivalent  rate  of  wireless 
sending,  and  pitched  in  like  tune. 

I  have  since  endeavoured  to  obtained  a  repetition  of  this 
phenomenon,  but  the  results  obtained  have  not  been  so  posi- 
tive as  on  this  particular  occasion. 

A.  U.  B. 

[The  idea  of  distributing  time  signals  by  means  of  public 
arc  lamps  was  suggested,  we  believe,  by  Mr.  Duddell  him- 
self, years  ago ;  but  their  use  as  detectors  of  the  wireless 
time  signals  appears  to  be  novel. — Eds.  E.K.] 


Proposed  British   General  Engineering  StalT  Association. 

At  last  the  lethargy  of  the  "  middle  man  " — between  the 
capitalist  on  the  one  hand  and  the  workman  on  the  other, 
the  man  of  brains  and  education — seems  to  be  passing  away 
and  he  is  awakening  from  his  slumber  of  disastrous  isolation 
and  individualism. 

We  see  before  us  Unions  amongst  capitalists — the  very 
essence  of  selfishness  and  commercial  tyranny  ;  foes  to  all 
honourable  men.  The  idea  of  the  strong  and  wealthy  com- 
bining together  to  subdue  those  by  whom  their  wealth  and 
comfort  have  been  obtained,  those  from  whose  ranks  they 
have  for  the  most  part  arisen,  is  a  ghastly  spectacle.  That 
the  strong  should  combine  with  the  strong  to  protect  their 
delicate  selves  at  the  expense  of  those  who  are  really  their 
benefactors  is,  I  say,  repugnant  to  the  mind  of  every  true 
Britisher.  The  Germans  would  not  stand  it,  and  they  have 
their  protective  association  ;  are  we  going  to  be  so  foolish 
and  blind  as  to  neglect  this  golden  opportunity  that  now 
presents  itself  to  us  .'  Remember,  "  there  is  a  tide  in  the 
affairs  of  men  "  ;  let  us  take  it  at  the  flood. 

The  time  has  come  to  act,  and  abandon  mere  words  and 
laissez-faire  policies — or  rather,  impolicies.  All  who  can 
should  give  wide  publicity  to  the  cause,  and  might  I  suggest, 
as  one  on  an  engineering  stafl",  that  not  only  fully  qualified 
engineers  be  admitted  to  the  association,  but  alto  those 
employed  on  the  staffs  of  engineering  firms  and  who  have  a 
useful  and  thorough  knowledgeoftheenginecrinp  business  field. 
These,  if  not  admitted  at  the  same  rate  as  qualified  engineers, 
could  be  enrolled  as  members  at  a  lower  rate  if  necessary,  with 
corresponding  benefits.  This  oould  apply  to  those  below  a 
certain  salary,  or  arranged  according  to  some  other  agreed 
proposition.       Thi«   wonld    augment   both  the  ranks   and 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,8f.7,  Jdnk  ar,  191.'!.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


10^7 


funds   of  the   association,   and   would  bring   in   many  who 
oould  not,  perhaps,  afford  a  very  large  Huni. 

If,  as  suggested  in  the  last  issue  of  the  Kkvikw,  only  a 
£1  Is.  or  258.  subscription  per  annum  was  fixed  upon,  the 
above  distinction  may  not  bo  dcenaed  a  wise  one,  as  most  can 
afford  that  sum. 

May  I  also  suggest  that  a  circular  letter  be  prepared,  and 
distributed  individually  in  sufficient  quantities  to  all  the  staff 
men  with  the  various  firms,  in  order  to  stimulate  interest, 
invite  membership,  and  obtain  support.  These  could  be 
sent  to  the  supporters  of  the  movement  for  distribution  in 
their  firms. 

If  this  Association  fails,  and  there  is  no  excuse  if  it  does, 
then  we  shall  deserve  all  the  plagues  of  Egypt,  and  our  best 
men  will  go  abroad  and  get  on  better.  For  the  sake  of  our 
manly  honour,  then  let  us  shake  off  this  deathly  lethargy, 
and  protect  our  citadel. 

S.  Don^las. 

The  proposed  formation  of  an  Association  for  the  ^Mutual 
Protection  of  Engineers  savours  rather  of  Trade  Unionism, 
and  would  tend,  if  anything,  to  lower  the  prestige  of  the 
engineer.  Why  not  at  once  enter  into  an  arrangement 
with  a  large  society  to  look  after  their  interests,  pay  a 
higher  premium,  and  be  done  with  it  ?  There  is  no  doubt 
that  engineers  are  often  placed  in  more  or  less  difficult  posi- 
tions, but,  at  the  same  time,  the  status  of  an  engineer 
very  often  depends,  to  a  very  great  extent,  on  himself,  his 
general  behaviour  and  his  abilities. 

The  law  of  supply  and  demand  holds  good  in  electrical 
work  as  in  other  professions,  and  may  possibly  account  for 
the  low  salaries  offered ;  but  there  are  positions  which  do 
not  require  to  be  filled  by  a  highly  trained  man,  and  the 
latter  takes  it  for  lack  of  any  other  very  often. 

In  some  few  works  there  may  be  wanting  that  cohesive 
spirit  mentioned  in  one  of  the  letters  in  this  week's  issue, 
which  is  80  essential  to  the  successful  working  of  all 
industrial  concerns.  It  may  be  due  to  the  individual  com- 
petition of  a  certain  type  which  prevails  in  some  places, 
where  so  many  are  criticised  adversely  by  some  members  of 
the  staff — sometimes,  perhaps,  unconsciously,  but  still  use- 
lessly— and  casting  reflection  unnecessarily.  Not  that  it  is 
worth  much,  but  that  it  exists  ;  for  to  a  man  of  average 
strength,  certain  kinds  of  criticism  would  probably  be  like 
water  on  a  duck's  back  ! 

It  is  hardly  feasible  to  have  an  Engineering  Association 
analogous  to  the  B.M.A.  under  present  conditions,  for,  let 
an  unskilled  man  attempt  to  operate  on  human  beings,  with, 
perhaps,  fatal  results,  and  the  State  will  no  doubt  have 
something  to  say  on  the  matter.  On  the  other  hand,  let 
him  operate  on  inanimate  bodies,  and  the  case  has  a 
different  aspect,  whatever  the  results. 

A  reasonable  suggestion,  which  has  probably  been  already 
made,  would  be  to  have  an  amalgamated  committee  of  the 
I.C.E.,Mech.E.  and  I.E.E.,  partly  composed  of  the  permanent 
staff  of  each,  to  deal  with  certain  matters  intended  to  further 
the  interests  of  engineers  in  the  various  ways  desired. 

W.  E.  P. 


LEGAL 


The  XL  Electric  Co.  r.  Arox. 

In  the  Chancery  DiviBion,  before  Mr.  Justice  Neville,  the  motion 
by  which  the  plaintiffs  soncrht  to  prevent  the  abandonment  of  pro- 
tection for  certain  inventions  said  to  have  been  sold  by  the  defen- 
dant to  the  company,  was  again  mentioned  on  June  20th. 

Mr.  Moritz  (plaintiffs'  counsel)  said  that  the  motion  was  for  an 
injunction  to  restrain  the  defendant  from  interfering  with  or 
delaying  the  completion  of  British  patent  rights.  His  Lordship 
had  granted  an  injunction  not  precisely  in  the  terms  of  the  notice 
of  motion,  but  giving  the  plaintiffs  what  they  asked  for. 
Before  the  injunction  was  granted,  however,  the  Court  had 
exacted  from  the  plaintiffs  an  undertaking  In  accordance  with  the 
contract  to  pay  the  expenses  that  the  defendant  would  be  put  to 
in  carrying  out  his  obligations.  On  attending  to  settle  the  terms 
of  the  order  a  difiBculty  had  arisen  ;  the  plaintiffs  sought  to  limit 
their  undertaking  to  expenses  that  might  arise,  while  the  defendant, 
on  tSie  other  hand,  sought  to  have  inchidert  expenses  that  he  had 
jncnttcS  prior  to  the  contract.  ' 


liis  LoRDHniP  said  that  the  undertakiMir  ougbt  to  follow  th« 
termK  of  the  contract.  That  wan  what  hn  Intended  Mhould  be 
done.  It  should  be  that  the  plaintifr><  undertakt;  tn  pay  the 
expennes  properly  to  be  borne  by  them  under  the  contract. 

Mlt.  SiMMONH,  for  the  defendant,  iiaid  that  bin  contention  wm 
that  there  wax  a  clause  in  the  contract  which  covRrnd  the  prior 
ezponseH. 

Mil.  Mokitz  caid  that  wan  the  point  Ijetwoen  them.  The 
whole  point  waH,  oould  the  defendant  make  them  liable  for  all  the 
costs  inourre<l  prior  to  thfnr  ontoriiig  into  the  contract  ' 

Mil.  Simmons.  Not  the  whole  of  the  cost*. 

His  LouD.sHiP  said  he  wan  not  going  into  the  terms  of  the  con- 
tract at  that  stage  of  the  proceedings.  The  undertaking  the 
plaintiffs  bad  to  give  was,  as  he  took  it,  that  they  would  fulfil  their 
part  of  the  contract,  that  was  to  say,  they  would  pay  such  part  of 
the  costs  as  they  were  liable  to  pay  under  the  terms  of  the  agree- 
ment. The  order  would  be  that  there  should  be  an  injunction  as 
granted,  on  the  company's  undertaking  to  pay  such  expenser.  if  any, 
as  the  defendant  might  incur,  as  they  had  contracted  with  him 
to  pay. 

Mu.  Simmons  suggested  that  the  words  of  the  injunction 
restraining  the  defendant,  not  only  from  "  delaying  or  preventing," 
but  also  from  "allowing  to  be  delayed  or  prevented,"  were  too 
wide.     It  amounted,  he  suggested,  to  a  mandatory  injunction. 

His  LoKDSHiP  said  it  was  not  intended  to  do  so. 


The  Ratino  of  Tramways. 

In  the  House  of  Lords  before  the  Lord  Chancellor  and  Lords 
Shaw  and  Moulton,  arguments  were  begun  on  Friday  (June  20th) 
in  an  appeal  by  the  Urban  District  Council  of  Tottenham  against 
an  order  of  the  Court  of  Appeal,  dated  February  8th,  1912,  in 
favour  of  the  respondents,  the  Metropolitan  Electric  Tramways, 
Ltd. 

The  decision  of  their  Lordships  will  be  one  of  far-reaching 
importance  to  all  tramway  companies  throughout  the  kingdom  as 
it  will  decide  the  moot  point  whether  the  land  used  by  tramway 
companies  for  their  lines  is  to  be  treated  as  "  land  used  only  as  a 
railway."  In  that  case,  as  hitherto,  such  tramway  companies  can 
claim  to  be  rated  for  the  general  district  rate  under  Sec.  211  (1) 
(B)  of  the  Public  Health  Act,  1875,  in  respect  of  their  lines  in  the 
proportion  of  one-fourth  part  only  of  the  net  value  thereof.  The 
appellants  contend  that  the  word  "  railway  "  in  the  section  ought 
to  be  read  so  as  to  exclude  what  is  ordinarily  understood  as  a 
"  tramway,"  and  on  various  grounds  they  submit  that  the 
respondent  company  ought  to  be  assessed  at  the  higher  value. 

Mr.  Macmorran.  K  C,  Mr.  Walter  Ryde,  K.C.,  and  Mr.  Cartwright 
Sharp  appeared  in  support  of  the  appeal  (instructed  by  Mr.  Frtuicis 
Shelton) ;  while  Mr.  Danckwerts,  K.C.,  and  Mr.  C.  C.  Hutchinson, 
(instructed  by  Messrs.  Ashurst,  Morris,  Crisp  i:  Co.),  were  for  the 
respondent  company. 

Mr.  Macmorran,  in  opening  the  case,  said  that  the  tramway 
was  constructed  under  Parliamentary  powers  obtained  for  its 
construction  as  a  "  tramway  "  and  not  as  a  light  railway.  The 
man  in  the  street  might  not  be  able  to  say  whether  he  came  to 
business  by  a  light  railway  or  a  tramway,  because  to  the  man  in 
the  street,  the  appearance  of  the  two  being  identical,  he  would 
have  no  means  of  deciding  the  point.  The  true  test  as  pointed  out 
in  the  Swansea  case  was  what  powers  did  the  private  Acts  confer 
on  the  undertakers  ?  Their  Lordships  would  bear  in  mind  that 
when  power  was  obtained  to  construct  these  tramways,  they  were 
to  be  propelled  by  horse-power.  The  Acts  he  should  have  to 
refer  the  Court  to  were  the  North  London  Tramways  Acts  of 
1882,  1897  and  1902  ;  the  North  London  Suburban  Tramways 
Order,  1879  (confirmed  by  the  Tramways  Orders  Confirmation  Act. 
1879),  and  the  Tottenham  Improvement  Act,  1902.  In  all  of  those 
Acts  the  lines  were  dealt  with  as  tramway  lines.  They  purported 
to  incorporate  the  Tramway  Act  :  there  was  no  mention  in  any  of 
them  of  the  Railway  Clauses  Consolidation  Act.  Later, 
horse-power  was  replaced  by  electrical  traction,  but  it  was 
still  a  tramway.  Light  railways  were  constructed  under 
Acts  of  Parliament  which  were  differently  drawn  to  Acts  of 
Parliament  for  the  construction  of  tramways.  In  the  present  case 
their  Lordships  would  have  to  consider  the  County  of  Middlesex 
Light  Railway  Orders  of  1901  and  1903,  both  made  and  confirmed 
under  the  Light  Railways  Act,  1896.  His  submission  was  that  this 
case  was  governed  by  the  Wakefield  case,  1908,  A.C.  293.  That  was 
a  decision  as  to  light  railways,  and  it  was  held  that  by  virtue  of 
the  Light  Railways  Act,  1896,  the  light  railway  was  a  railway  to 
which  Sec.  211  (1)  (B)  of  the  Public  Health  Act,  1875,  applied. 
The  decision  in  that  case  went  on  the  ground  that  the  undertaking 
was  not  constructed  originally  as  a  tramway,  and  was,  therefore,  a 
light  railway,  and  the  House  of  Lords  adopted  the  view  expressed  by 
the  Court  of  Appeal.  The  Swansea  case  which  was  then  decided — 
it  was  reported,  1892  (1  Q.B.  357)— on  which  the  Divisional  Court 
acted,  presumably  was  brought  to  the  notice  of  this  House  when  the 
Wakefield  case  was  argued,  and  if  they  had  thought  it  not  good  law 
their  Lordships  would  have  overruled  it. 

The  Lord  Chancellor  :  Yon  invite  us  to  hold  that  the  Swansea 
case  governs  this  case,  and  that  the  Court  of  Appeal  were  wrong  in 
overruling  it,  and  following  the  case  of  Thornton  Urban  District 
Council  r.  Blackpool  and  Fleetwood  Tramways  Co.  decided  in  1909. 

Mr.  Macmorran  replied  in  the  aflBrmative.  and  went  on  to 
explain  the  history  of  the  Tottenham  Tramways.  He  mentioned 
that  the  tramway  and  light  railway  had  a  junction  with  each  other 
and  had  junctions  with  other  tramways  and  railways  outside 
the  district,  and  all  of  them  were  worked  by  the  respondents 
as  one  connected  system.  The  carriages  or  cars  used  on 
eacji    were    the    same,   the    wheels    had    thf    same    flftnge    and 


1058 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  73.  No.  i,8ft7,  June  27, 191s 


•onld  nrn  orer  all  p»rt«  of  the  dystem.  The  electrical 
•nerjry  nwd  now  for  workinpr  the  system  was  jreneratfd  at 
on«  power  station,  and  thence  traninnitted  over  a  common  fystem 
of  cables  and  mains  to  pnb-stations.  Prior  to  1904  the  respondents, 
in  respect  of  the  tramway,  were  assessed  by  the  appellants  to  the 
(renoral  rate  of  the  district  as  a  milway  was  assessed  under  Sec.  211 
(1)(B)  of  the  Act  of  1875 — namely,  in  the  proportion  of  one-fourth 
part  only  of  the  net  annual  value  ;  they  then  came  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  they  were  tramways,  and  therefore  not  entitled  to  the 
redaction.  Accordinjrlv.  in  the  assessment  appealed  aerainst  they 
assessed  them  at  the  full  net  annual  value — namely,  £495  128.  fid. 
The  respondents  paid  £12,3  ISs.  2d.,  but  refused  to  pay  the  balance, 
£371  14s.  4d.  On  a  complaint  by  the  Council  to  the  Justices,  the 
Justices  made  an  order  for  payment  bv  the  respondents  of  the 
balance  of  this  £371  148.  4d..  and  costsof  the  complaint  were  ordered 
to  be  borne  by  them.  The  Divisional  Court  affirmed  the  Justices' 
order,  but  the  Court  of  Appeal  reversed  their  decision.  Hence 
this  appeal.  On  Monday,  June  23rd,  the  learned  counsel  continued 
his  argument,  and  was  followed  by  Mr.  Ryde. 

Mr.  Dakckwebts,  K C,  then  opened  the  case  for  the  respondents, 
There  was  nothing'  mysterious  in  the  word  "  railway."  Rails  fixed 
to  sleepers  on  the  pround  were  as  much  a  railway  if  used  for  car- 
riasres  to  pass  over  whether  the  undertakine  was  promoted 
under  a  private  Bill  for  a  tramway  or  a  lieht  railway.  Mr. 
Ryde  had  tried  to  make  out  that  in  several  respects  there  was 
a  difference  between  the  two.  For  himself,  he  thonpht  the  learned 
counsel  for  the'appellants  had  drawn  legislative  distinctions  which 
in  no  way  affected  the  question  before  the  House.  The  important 
point  was  that  the  railway  was  constructed  on  the  land  under 
powers  of  an  Act  of  Parliament.  That  distinguished  it  from  a 
railway  put  down  by  a  company,  for  example,  to  link  up  their 
colliery  with  a  railway  company's  sidings.  The  tramways 
and  light  railways  described  in  the  case  were  identical, 
and  their  user  and  working  were  identical  and  as  one  system, 
and  each  was  used  under  statutory  powers,  and  it  was  an  unreason- 
able conclusion  to  hold  that  the  light  railways  were  land  used 
only  ae  a  railway  constrncted  under  statute,  while  the  tramway  was 
not.  He  submitted  that  the  decision  of  the  Court  of  Appeal  was 
right,  and  the  appeal  should  be  dismissed  on  the  facts  as  found  or 
admitted  by  the  appellants.  But  apart  from  that  ground  for 
dismissing  the  appeal,  it  was  quite  clear  that  the  respondents  were, 
in  law,  entitled  to  this  ptirtial  exemption.  In  all  the  early 
statutes,  a  railway  was  always  spoken  of  as  a  "  railway  or  tram 
road."  Therefore,  when  the  legislature  used  the  words  "  the 
occupier  of  any  land  used  as  a  railway,"  they  must  have  contem- 
plated a  railway  as  being  a  railway  or  "tramroad."  He  dealt  with 
the  judgments  in  the  Swansea  case,  and  submitted  that  they  were 
not  in  accordance  with  various  other  cases  which  he  cited.  The 
true  view  of  the  matter  was  that  taken  by  this  house  in  the  Thorn- 
ton case,  and  applying  that  principle  here,  the  tramway  was  a 
railway  within  the  meaning  of  Sec.  211  of  the  Public  Health  Act, 
187.5. 

The  hearing  was  adjourned  to  Thursday,  June  26th,  subject  to 
a  part  heard  case  being  finished. 


Bell  r.  Milne. 


LOBD  HrNTEB  and  a  jury,  in  the  Court  of  Session,  this  week 
began  the  trial  of  an  action  by  James  A.  Bell,  electrical  engineer, 
of  the  city  of  Aberdeen,  against  Alfred  Edward  Milne,  solicitor, 
Aberdeen,  hon.  secretary  of  the  Aberdeen  branch  of  the  Electrical 
Contractors'  Association  of  Scotland,  for  £1,000  damages  in  respect 
of  alleged  slander,  said  to  be  contained  in  a  letter  written  by  the 
defender  to  the  town  clerk  of  Aberdeen.  The  matter  has  already 
been  fully  referred  to  in  our  pages. 

Pursuer  says  that  the  statements  in  the  letter  are  falee  and 
slanderous,  and  that  the  letter  contains  serious  reflections  on  his 
ability,  and  imply  ignorance,  incompetence,  and  want  of  profes- 
■ional  skill.  The  letter,  he  contends,  further  falsely  states  that 
the  pursuer  was  guilty  of  making  grave  and  slanderous  charges 
against  Aberdeen  contractors,  reflecting  upon  their  honesty.  The 
defender  pleads  privilege,  and  says  he  was  instructed  to  write  the 
letter  by  the  Association,  for  the  purpose  of  its  being  submitted  to 
the  Town  Council.  He  says  that  the  letter  does  not  represent  that 
the  pnrsner  was  ignorant,  incompetent,  and  had  no  professional 
skill. 

Counsel  are  : — For  the  pursuer,  Mr.  Cooper,  K.C.,  and   Mr.  Lippe. 
Agents — Scott  i:  Glover,  W.S.     For  the  defender,  Mr.  Murray,  K.C., 
and  Mr.  Wilton.     Agents — Davidson  &.  Syme,  W.S. 
{To  be  coKtinved.") 


Laubach  t.  Kinzbbcnneb. 

At  the  Bamet  County  Court  on  Tuesday,  an  action,  remitted  from 
the  High  Court,  was  heard,  in  which  Phillip  Laubach,  26, 
West  End  Lane,  West  Hampstead,  electrical  engineer,  wss 
plaintiff,  and  Charles  Kirzbrunner,  12,  Fortune  Temple  Lane, 
Hendon,  defendant.  Plaintiff  claimed  the  sum  of  £3.5  68.,  which 
he  reduced  to  £34  lOs.  Mr.  Salter  was  counsel  for  plaintiff. 
Defendant  was  not  professionally  represented.  The  claim  was  for 
translating  into  Englit-h,  Prof.  Edler's  German  work  on  "  Elec- 
trical Switches  and  Switchgears,"  and  for  typing  the  manuscript. 

Plaintiff  said  that  in  consequence  of  the  time  occupied  in  the 
translation,  he  paid  out  of  his  own  pocket  to  his  brother  £15  for 
assistance  in  hi*  office,  and  never  received  a  penny  from  the 
defendant.     He  paid  also  £4  Qs.  for  typing. 

Defendant  said  the  agreement  was  that  he  should  pay  plaintiff 
on  the  publication  of  the  book.  He  had  a  letter  from  the 
publishers  that  the  book  would  t)e  out  on  the  following  day.  The 
action,  he  added,  ought  never  to  have  been  brought. 


Plaintiff  said  there  was  no  such  agreement.  Nothing:  waa  said 
about  the  publishers  or  the  time  of  publication. 

Defendant  stated  that  originally  his  name  was  to  have 
appeared  on  the  title  page  of  the  book  m  joint  translator 
with  the  plaintiff,  but  he  consented  later,  at  the  request  of 
the  plaintiff,  to  only  the  plaintiff's  name  appearing.  This  was  to 
be  part  compensation  for  his  (plaintiff's)  work  as  translator.  It 
meant,  added  defendant,  a  great  deal  to  the  plaintiff  to  be  the  sole 
translator  of  the  book.  Plaintiff  denied  the  statement  of  the 
defendant,  who  said  he  was  to  get  £50  for  the  book,  which  had  cost 
him  so  far  £.52. 

His  HoNOUB  said  upon  the  evidence  he  must  find  for  the  plaintiff. 
He  could  not  find  that  payment  was  to  be  delayed.  As  to  the 
typing,  that  was  an  expense,  not  for  the  benefit  of  the  translator, 
but  for  the  benefit  of  the  owner  of  the  copyright. 

Defendant  (interposing)  :  But  I  am  not  the  owner. 

His  Honour  :  You  are  the  person  who  made  the  contract  with  the 
publishers. 

Judgment  was  entered  for  plaintiff  for  £34  lOs.  and  costs. 


PouLSEN  Patent. 
In  the  Chancery  Division  on  Tuesday,  on  the  application  of  Mr. 
Byrne,  Mr.  Justice  Warrington  directed  that  the  petition  for  the 
extension  of  the  Poulsen  patent  relating  to  a  dictating  machine 
worked  by  electricity,  should  be  heard  on  July  1st,  subject  to 
another  case  he  had  fixed  for  that  date.  Counsel  stated  that  the 
Crown  officers  would  be  able  to  attend  on  that  day.  Some  witnesses 
had  to  come  from  Denmark. 


The  Telephone  Tbansfer  Settlement. 
In  the  Court  of  Appeal  on  Monday,  before  the  Master  of  the  Rolls 
and  Lords  Justices  Kennedy  and  Swinfen  Eady,  the  matter  of  the 
National  Telephone  Co.,  Ltd.,  against  His  Majesty's  Postmaster- 
General,  was  down  for  hearing  upon  the  appeal  of  the  Postmaster- 
General  and  the  cross  appeal  of  the  company,  from  the  judgment 
of  the  Railway  and  Canal  Commission  (Mr.  Justice  Lawrence,  the 
Hon.  A.  Gathome  Hardy  and  Sir  James  Woodhouse),  upon  the 
application  of  the  National  Telephone  Co.  to  have  determined  the 
differences  which  had  arisen  between  the  company  and  the 
Postmaster-General  as  to  the  terms  on  which  the  business  of  the 
company  should  be  taken  over  by  the  State. 

Shortly  before  11  a.m.  the  Attorney -General  and  the  Solicitor- 
General  representing  the  Postmaster-General,  and  the  leading 
counsel  representing  the  National  Telephone  Co.,  together  with  the 
solicitors  of  both  parties,  had  an  interview  with  their  Lordships  in 
the  private  room  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls. 

Upon  their  Lordships  coming  into  Court,  the  Attorney-General 
stated  that  he  was  very  much  indebted  to  their  Lordships  for  the 
time  granted  to  them,  and  for  the  assistance  they  had  all  received, 
and  the  result  was  that  they  had  arrived  at  a  compromise  in  all 
the  outstanding  matters.  He  would  not  trouble  their  Lordships 
with  details,  but  he  must  ask  their  Lordships'  indulgence  to  allow 
the  formal  application  to  stand  out  until  Tuesday  next.  Their 
Lordships  would  appreciate  that  there  were  certain  formalities  to 
be  gone  through,  and  the  result  of  their  deliberation  had  to  be  put 
in  writing,  which  would  take  some  litfle  time.  He  thought, 
however,  their  Lordships  would  not  be  troubled  with  the  appeal  or 
cross-appeal,  and  if  their  Lordships  would  allow  the  matter  to  be 
put  on  the  list  for  Tuesday  next  to  be  mentioned,  that  would  meet 
the  situation. 

Sib  Alfred  Ceipps,  K.C,  on  behalf  of  the  company,  said  that  he 
desired  to  associate  himself  with  everything  the  Attorney-General 
had  said,  and  that  he  thought  all  the  differences  were  settled. 
Certain  formalities  had  to  be  gone  through,  which  could  be  done  by 
Tuesday  next. 

Their  Lordships  agreed  to  this  arrangement. 


Braulik  v.  Vaughan. 


In  the  City  of  London  Court,  on  Tuesday,  before  his  Honour  Judge 
Rentoul,  K.C,  Mr.  George  Braulik  sought  to  recover  £6  128.  8d.  from 
Messrs.  T,  W.  "V^aughan  k.  Co.,  Ltd.,  electrical  engineers,  Islington, 
balance  of  account  for  eight  arc  lamps  supplied.  The  claim  was 
admitted,  but  defendants  raised  a  counterclaim  for  £48  69.  as 
damages  sustained  by  them  through  the  lamps  being  defective. 
Mr.  Lever  appeared  for  the  plaintiff,  and  Mr.  Giveen  for  the 
defendants. 

Mb.  Giveen  stated  that,  in  1911,  plaintiff  used  to  Bell  a  certain 
type,  now  extinct,  of  German  arc  lamps  for  using  outside  picture 
palaces.  Defendants  had  a  contract  for  the  installation  of  electric 
lamps  at  the  HDlloway  Picture  Palace.  The  plaintiff  knew  the 
purpose  for  which  the  defendants  wanted  the  lamps  which  were 
now  in  dispute.  Under  the  Sale  of  Goods  Act  there  was  an  implied 
condition  that  the  plaintiff  should  supply  arc  lamps  reasonably  fit 
for  the  purpose  for  which  they  were  required.  In  .Tanuary  18th. 
1911,  defendants  ordered  from  the  plaintiff  four  arc  lamps,  but 
there  had  been  a  long  series  of  disasters  in  connection  with  them. 
They  were  to  be  alternating-current  flame  arc  lamps,  10  amperes. 
10  hours,  suitable  and  to  be  burnt  four  in  series  on  200  volts, 
50  periods  (Islington  supply),  and  supplied  with  necessary  resis- 
tance. In  consequence  of  the  coils  not  bieing  fit  to  take  the  current, 
when  the  lamps  were  started  two  of  the  coils  at  the  top  burnt  out. 
Plaintiff's  engineer  came  down  and  "had  a  shot  at  them."  De- 
fendants did  everything  they  possibly  oonld  to   make  the  lamps  go 


Vol.  73.     No,  l,8ftr,  JuNic  27,   I9n. 


I'lIF.    KLECTRICATi    RKVrilW 


1059 


rlfirht,  but  thfy  nnvor  all  worked  properly  toifnthcr.  Tho  dofcndanti 
bought  a  number  of  nrw  coIIh  nnd  had  npent  £20  in  tryins'  to  make 
thfl  lampH  go  n'lfht.  Thoy  were  charRinir  plniiitifT  with  £12  of  the 
£20.  Tn«  theatre  peoplo  becBiuo  diBconfented  with  the  lamp'«  and 
the  defcndontH  had  to  take  them  down,  putting:  in  now  onep,  which 
were  bouirht  elnewhere  for  f.Tl.  Two  of  the  InnipB  which  were 
taken  do".vn  were  uped  elsewhere,  but  with  dinautrouH  rcBHttB. 

One  of  the  defendantB'  clectricianf,  named  Mifter,  caid  in  all  they 
had  ei({ht  lamps  from  the  plaintift>,  but  pome  of  the  coils  were 
thoroHjrhly  charred  and  burnt  after  use.  Whin  the  (lilk-covered 
wire  was  burnt  there  was  simply  a  solid  mass  of  copper.  For  no 
hnifthened  period  did  the  lamps  burn  topether,  certainly  not  more 
than  a  month  at  a  time.  He  and  other  electricians  continually 
had  to  po  down  to  the  theatre  from  time  to  time.  In  cross- 
examination,  witness  denied  that  the  defects  in  the  lamps  were 
caueed  by  their  workmanship,  or  by  the  way  in  which  the  lamps 
were  treated  by  the  people  at  the  theatre. 

In  answer  to  the  counterclaim,  one  of  the  plaintiff's  electrical 
engireers,  named  Berners,  was  called,  and  he  said  that  there  was 
no  truth  in  the  sugrpestion  that  the  lamp  was  obsolete.  They  were 
still  supplying  it  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business.  The  plaintiff 
was  one  of  the  larpest  arc  lamp  manufacturers,  and  the  lamp  in 
question  was  the  Eclipse.  There  was  absolutely  nothinfr  to  com- 
plain about  in  regard  to  the  lamp  itself,  as  he  found  whenever  he 
tested  it  after  complaints.  It  was  only  the  fusing  of  the  coils 
about  which  there  could  be  any  complaints,  and  that  was  not  the 
plaintiff's  fault.  They  were  insulated  as  well  as  any  coils  could 
possibly  be.  Until  they  came  into  Court  there  had  never  been 
any  suggestion  that  thecoils  were  not  properly  insulated.  The  lamps 
were  badly  used  through  the  mechanism  being  stuck  up  so  that  the 
shunt  coils  could  not  feed  the  carbons.  He  found  in  one  instance  that 
the  flexible  connector  had  been  put  round  the  wrong  side  of 
the  carbon,  and  he  called  the  defendants'  attention  to  that  fact. 
Several  times  he  advised  the  defendants  to  have  safety  coils,  but 
they  did  not  do  so.  The  defendants  had  no  business  to  take  off  the 
top  part  of  the  lamp  at  all.  Then,  again,  he  found  that  a  broken 
carbon  was  the  cause  of  the  lamps  not  burning.  They  had  supplied 
200  lamps  of  the  same  type  to  other  customers  in  various  places, 
and  they  had  always  had  satisfaction  from  them.  There  had  been 
very  few  complaints  about  Eclipse  lamps,  and  that  was  the  first 
occasion  on  which  he  had  known  so  many  fuses  to  burn  out  since 
he  had  been  in  the  trade. 

At  this  stage  the  further  hearing  was  adjourned  until  a  date  to 
be  fixed,  Judge  Rentoul,  K.C,  observing  if  the  parties  in  the 
meantime  could  settle  the  case  amongst  themselves  they  would  be 
taking  a  sensible  course.    Mr.  Lever  hoped  they  might. 


PABLIAMENTARY. 


JOHNSON-BlLLINGTON   ELECTRICITY   MeTEES,   LTD. 

The  petition  presented  by  W.  H.  Johnson  for  the  winding-up  of 
this  company  was  again  before  Mr.  Justice  Neville  in  the  Com- 
panies' Court  on  Tuesday,  June  24th.  Counsel,  however,  stated  that 
further  Evidence  had  been  filed,  which  raised  contentious  matter, 
and  it  was  desirable  that  the  new  aflBdavits  should  be  answered. 
With  the  consent  of  all  parties  the  petition  stood  over  for  a  week. 


JOHNSON-BlLLING-TON  ELECTEICITY  METEBS,  LTD,,  i'.  BILLIKOTON. 

In  the  Court  of  Appeal  on  Monday,  June  23r(J,  before  Lords 
Jnetices  Vanghan  Williams,  Buckley  and  Hamilton,  an  application 
was  made  in  this  caee,  in  which  the  defendant  had  given  rotice  of 
appeal  against  a  verdict  and  judgment  entered  at  the  trial 
before  Mr.  Justice  Coleridge  and  a  special  jury.  The  company 
sued  the  defendant,  Mr.  Arthur  Marston  Billington  (formerly  one 
of  its  directors),  for  damages  for  alleged  negligence  aid  breach  of 
duty.    The  defence  was  a  denial  of  the  allegations. 

Counsel,  on  behalf  of  the  defendant,  applied  with  the  consent 
of  the  company  that  the  time  allowed  to  the  defendant  for  giving 
security  for  costs  of  his  appeal  should  be  extended  by  14  days.  The 
reason,  said  connfel,  was  that  the  parties  had  very  nearly  ccme  to 
an  arrangement  which  would  dispose  of  the  appeal. 

Their  Lordships  assented. 


Accident. — "Whilst  engaged  on  altering  points  and 
changing  the  trolley  of  a  tramcar  in  St.  George's  Square,  Hudders- 
field,  last  week,  James  Armitage,  tramway  inspector,  and  J.  H. 
Oldham,  tram  conductor,  were  knocked  down  by  a  passing  motor- 
wagon.  Armitage  was  rendered  nnconsciou»,  and  had  his  fhoulder 
dislocated,  and  one  of  Oldham's  arms  was  crushed  and  bruised. 

Trade    OpeniDg;s    at    Smyrna. — According   to   the 

report  to  the  directors  of  the  representative  of  the  Deutsche  Levant 
Line,  at  Smyrna,  that  city  has  escaped  the  effects  of  the  late  war, 
and  the  credit  of  local  fiims  stands  high.  Among  articles  whose 
importation  will  pay  at  present,  are  electric  motors,  electric  trans- 
mission and  installation  plants,  &c. 

Sun  Power. — It  is  reported  that  several  installations  are 
at  work  in  California  employing  solar  heat  for  generating  steam 
with  the  aid  of  r<  fleet ors  ;  the  steam  is  used  for  pumping  water 
for  the  purpose  of  irrigation. 


London  Coiinlj  fourcll  Tramwavs  and  ImproTe- 
nients  Bill. 

On  this  Bill  roming  np  for  the  a^juittro«nt  of  olaun**,  the  qoe«tion 
arooe  as  to  Clani>«  44  giving  the  Cf  unty  Council  pf»wer  to  work  the 
London  United  TramwayM  in  A>k( w  Iload  and  Paddfnswlck  Ro»d, 
Hammercmith,  whirh  are  within  the  LCC,  boundary.  The  Com- 
mittee gave  the  daufe,  but  added  the  condition  that  the  County 
Council  should  give  the  Tramway  Co.  the  p<)wer  to  run  over  theM 
routes  on  terms  to  be  fixed  hy  agreement,  or,  failing  agreement,  by 
arbitration. 

Mil.  E.  Pollock,  K.C,  pointed  out  that,  having  regard  to  the 
circumstances  of  Londor,  which  was  surrounded  by  autboritief 
working  tramways,  the  County  Council  could  not  accept  the  con- 
ditions, and  askfd  leave  to  withdraw  the  clause. 

Mk.  Balfoik  Bbow.sk,  K.C  ,  argued  that  unlesa  the  claufe  wm 
inserted  as  added  to  by  the  Committee,  the  public  would  be 
deprived  of  facilities  which  the  Committee  naid  nhould  V>e  given 
them. 

The  Chaikman  said  that  Mr.  Pollock  muft  understand  that  if 
the  clause  was  withdrawn,  it  would  mean  that  the  preamble  of  the 
Bill  was  dropped,  becau,-e  the  clause  wa«  included  in  the  preamble 
of  the  Bill.  Either  the  clause  must  be  put  in  to  protect  the  public, 
or  the  Bill  would  not  go  through. 

Mb.  Pollock  thereupon  said  he  would  leave  the  matter  to  the 
Committee,  and  the  Ch.mbman  said  the  Committee  bad  decided  that 
the  clause  should  be  inserted. 

On  June  17th  the  Committee  passed  the  preamble  of  the  Bill. 
Practically  all  the  powers  for  the  construction  of  new  tramways 
were  dropped  from  the  Bill  owing  to  the  refufal  of  the  local 
authorities  to  consent  to  the  proposed  tramway  from  the  Marble 
Arch  to  Cricklewood  ;  and,  owing  to  the  decision  of  the  House 
of  Commons  regarding  the  veto  of  the  road  authorities,  the 
trackless  trolley  provisions  were  withdrawn.  The  Committee 
passed  a  number  of  street  widenings,  and  in  connectitn  with  the 
miscellaneous  tramway  clauses,  allowed  a  clau?e  by  which  the 
Commissioner  of  Police  on  special  occasions  may  permit  paesengerg 
to  stand  inside  the  tramcaiB. 


Tarions  Bills.— In  the  House  of  Commons  on  23rd  inst.  the 
Mexborough  and  Swinton  Tramways  (Railless  Traction)  Bill  wsi 
ordered  for  third  reading,  and  the  following  were  read  a  second 
time  ;— Central  London  Railway,  City  and  South  London  Railway. 


BUSINESS  NOTES. 


Consular  Notes.— iustralia.— In  a  recent  report  the 

American  Consul  at  Sydney  refers  to  the  fact  that  in  1912  the  first 
automatic  telephone  switchboard  was  installed  in  Australia,  the 
work  being  carried  out  under  the  supervisicnof  a  representative  of 
an  American  firm,  to  whom  is  due  the  credit  of  the  intrcducticn  of  the 
systtm  to  the  Commonwealth.  Geelong,  in  Victoria,  was  selected  by 
the  authorities  for  the  initial  experiment.  As  the  letult  of  the  satis- 
factory workirg  of  that  exchange  20  suburban  exchanges  near 
Sydney  are  to  be  similarly  equipptd,  and  there  is  every  probability 
that  before  the  end  of  the  present  year  still  further  expansions  of 
the  automatic  system  will  have  been  inaugurated.  At  present  there 
are  eight  high-powered  wirelefs  stations  in  the  Ccmmonwealth 
transmitting  public  messages.  These  are  at  Sydney.  Melbourne, 
Adelaide,  Fre mantle,  Hobart,  Brisbane,  Thursday  Island  and  Port 
Moresby.  The  near  future  will  see  stations  opened  at  TounsviUe, 
Cooktown,  Rockhampton,  Mount  Gsmbier,  Geraldtown  and 
Esperance,  and  a  little  later  at  Rosburne,  Wyndham  and  Brocme, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.  The  appropriation  passed  by  the 
Federal  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  1912-13  was  f. =50,000,  and  of 
that  £40,000  had  been  spent  by  January,  1913.  There  is  hardly  a 
steamer  of  any  size  trading  on  the  Australian  coast  to-day,  either 
in  the  inter-State  or  foreign-going  service,  that  is  not  equipped 
with  wireless  apparatus.  The  small  boats,  however,  have  not  yet 
fallen  into  line,  but  this  is  probably  due  to  the  absence  of  a  law 
making  such  equipment  compulsory. 

Sonth  America.— A  Canadian  Government  representative  at 
Buenos  Ayreg  in  a  recent  report  refers  to  the  importance  of  credit 
and  packing  in  export  trade  with  Argentina.  As  regards  the 
former,  he  states  that  it  is  a  source  of  some  complaint  amongst 
South  American  business  men  that  North  American  shippers  will 
not  grant  their  customers  the  terms  of  credit  given  by  large 
European  houses.  It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  a  house  which 
can  easily  purchase  on  a  three  months'  draft  frcm  a  European 
exporter,  has  not  infrequently  to  furnish  a  bark  credit 
before  a  United  States  firm  will  consent  to  Jo  business.  This  pre- 
dilection for  ready  cash  on  the  part  of  United  States  firms  should 
certainly  suit  European  shippers,  as,  on  anything  like  equal  terms, 
the  latter  will  get  the  business.  It  is  convenient  for  the  South 
American  to  have  the  accommodation  so  readily  grant* d  to  reliable 
firms  by  European  shippers,  and  it  hurts  his  pride  to  some  titent 
that  so  many  United  States'  firms  demand  to  see  his  money  before 
dealing  with   him.     There   is  also   a   need   for    credit    in    Sotith 


1060 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.       [Vol.  72.    No.  l.SS?,  June  87,  1918. 


America,  owing  to  the  fact  that  it  is  a  new  land,  and,  therefore, 
cash  is  not  always  abundant.  It  imports  most  of  the  manufactured 
(foods  which  it  consumes,  and,  beiner  a  lon^  w»y  from  the  source  of 
supply,  it  is  necessary  to  carry  large  stocks.  Rome  firms  may 
argne  that  it  is  not  because  they  do  not  trust  South  American 
business  men  that  they  require  cash  payments,  but  because  the 
extent  of  their  capital  does  not  permit  of  their  etsndinp  out  of 
their  money  for,  say,  four  to  six  months.  Granting  that  the 
former  is  bona  fide,  the  latter  can  only  be  the  result  of  a  lack  of 
familiarity  with  international  banking  operations  or  the  lack  of 
adequate  bank  credit.  The  usual  methods  of  paying  for  merchandise 
are  not  more  than  four  in  number  :  — (1)  The  importer  can  open  a 
bank  credit  in  favour  of  the  exporters  ;  (2)  he  can  remit  with 
order  ;  (3)  he  can,  if  he  is  buyiner  on  open  account,  remit  at  his 
convenience  ;  (4)  he  can  pay  by  acceptinjr  a  bill  drawn  on  him  by 
the  shipper  at  sight,  or  allowing  whatever  interval  of  time  may 
have  been  previously  arranged.  To  the  North  American  manu- 
facturer, it  is  needless  to  say,  the  first  two  methods  would  be 
most  satisfactory,  and  particularly  the  second  one,  but  it  is  so  dis- 
advantageous to  the  payer  as  to  be  almost  negligible  in  practical 
business.  The  first  is  only  a  little  less  unpopular  than  the  second, 
because  the  firms  who  have  to  put  up  the  credit  are  restricted  in 
their  basiness  thereby.  It  means  that  from  the  time  the  credit  has 
been  drawn  upon  by  the  shipper,  until  the  goods  are  disposed  of, 
the  credit  representing  the  value  involved  is  dead  unlees,  of  course, 
the  goods  have  been  sold  previously  on  negotiable  security.  The 
foutth  is  the  most  general,  and  as  a  rule  the  fairest  method.  The 
exporter  draws  a  bill  on  his  customers  at,  say,  three  months"  sight. 
or  what  is  more  general  locally,  three  months  from  arrival  of 
shipment.  The  question  of  credit  as  it  affects  international 
trading,  is  a  large  one,  and  has  naturally  been  reduced  to  a  more 
exact  science  amongst  European  and  Eastern  traders  than  amongst 
those  of  the  Western  Hemisphere.  A  most  important  factor  in 
deciding  upon  a  question  of  granting  credit  abroad  is  the  present 
and  future  economic  condition  of  the  country  under  consideration. 
Credit  caa  be  granted  much  more  readily  when  a  country  is  enjoying 
an  extraordinary  wave  of  prosperity  than  at  other  times.  If  dis- 
crimination, based  upon  the  advice  of  reliable  correspondents,  be 
employed  in  choosing  customers,  if  economic  conditions  be  care- 
fully studied  from  various  points  of  view  and  diligence  be  exercised 
in  sifting  all  reports  from  the  country  under  review,  there  is  no 
more  reason  to  apprehend  losses  from  oversea  than  from  home 
trade. 

The  question   of  packing,    too,   is    of  very   great    importance. 
Packing   in    Europe   has    reached    a   very   much  higher   state    of 
efficiency  than    in    either    the    United    States  or   Canada,    whose 
exporters  show  much  indifference  as  to  the  fate  of  their  shipments 
when  once  they  have  left   the  factory.      In  Europe,  however,  the 
subject  is  much  more  closely  studied,  with  the  result  that  each  con- 
signment is  more  often  given  just  the  kind  of  casing  that  best  suits 
the  goods  which  it  contains,  and  the  country  to  which  they  are  to 
be   sent.       It   is  a   waste  of  material  and  money    to    put    light 
goods   into    heavy    cases,   and    the    contrary    practice    generally 
entails     actual     loss.       For      machinery,     special    cases    should 
be    designed.      Large     cases     should    be      braced     in    one      or 
more  places,    and  round   them   a    band    painted    plainly    on    the 
outside,  and  in  English,  and  also  in  the  language  of  the  country 
"  chain,"   "  sliog,"  or  some  such  word  should  be   plainly  stencilled, 
also  a  note  to  the  effect  that  the  sling  is  to  be  adjusted  at  those 
bands.     Failure  to  do  this,  results  in  the  pinching  in  or  smashing 
of  the  case  when  the  sling  takes  the  strain.    At  most  of  the  ports 
in  South  America,  the  discharging  is  done  into  lighters,  sometimes 
in  rather  open  roadsteads  where  the  sea  may   be  -rough.     At  the 
best,  stevedoring  is  not  gentle,  and   in  this  part  of  the  world  the 
eling  is  used  freely,  often  to  drag  a   box  from  the  comer  of  the 
nold    when  it   might  properly   be    moved   by   hand.     It  is  very 
essential   that  every   case    be  nnmbered,  and  the  contents  plainly 
stated.     If  this  is  not  done,  the  Customs  may  insist  on  opening  the 
cases  to  the  damage  of  the  contents,  and  entailing  a  waste  of  time. 
One  of  the  very  best  examples  of  paokintr  was  recently  inspected. 
It  was  part  of  a  shipment  of  calculating  machines  consigned  from  a 
factory  in  the  United  States.     Each  box  was  of  bright  new  wood, 
and  splendidly  made,  and    was  practically  as  intact  as  on  the  day 
when  it  left  the  works.    Each  case  bore  the  name  of  the  corsignee 
plainly   stencilled,   also   the  name  of  the  makers.     Furthermore, 
there  was  securely  tacked  on  to  one  of  the  faces  a  card  bearing  a 
list  of  the  contents.     The  list  printed  legibly,  contained  the  name 
of  each  article,  even  to  the  literature  accompanying  the  machine. 
Against  each  of  these  was  typed,  not  written,  the  number  of  that 
particular  article  which  the  case  held.     There  was  no  need  to  open 
the  cai-e,  and  in  another  part  of  the  town  a  day  or  two  after,  the 
same  cases  were   seen  being  shipped   from   the    agent's  place  of 
basiness,  apparently  without  having  been  distributed  in  anv  way. 
There  have  been,  and  are  to-day,  complaints  about  United  States" 
packing,  but  it  is  noticeable  that  when  an  American  exporter  gives 
his  mind  to  the  details  of  his  work,  he  does  it  in  a  manner  which 
leaves  very  little  to  be  desired. 

The  GlasjTOM  Electrical  Exhibition.— This  exhibition. 

to  which  full  reference  was  made  in  our  issue  of  April  11th.  is 
now  an  assured  success.  We  have  before  us  a  plan  showing  that 
by  far  the  larger  part  of  the  space  is  let,  though  there  are  still 
some  good  positions  open.  We  understand  from  the  manager  that 
the  B.E.A.M  A.  has  agreed  to  gi?e  its  support  in  regard  to  all 
sections  of  the  industry  concerned.  From  the  names  of  the 
exhibitors  (see  below)  we  judge  that  an  excellent  display  is  certain, 
but  we  have  no  doubt  that  this  list  will  speedily  be  added  to  by 
other  firms  who  will  desire  to  benefit  from  a  really  good 
exhibition  under  the  anspicos  of  the  Corporation  at  the  beginning 
of  the  next  lighting  season  (opening  day,  October  2Srd)  — 


Glasgow  Corporation  Electricity  Supply  Department;  B  I.  and 
Hel-by  Cables,  Ltd.  ;  "Veritys  Ltd.  ;  Edison  i"  Swan  Co.  ;  Callenders 
Cable  Co.  ;  Simplex  Conduits.  Ltd.  ;  Brown,  Biveri  k  Co.  ;  Electric 
Applianfips  Co.,  Ltd.  ;  The  Electric  Co.,  Ltd  ;  M.  K.  Cooper  &  Co.  ; 
Electric  Control,  Ltd.  ;  British  Electric  Plant  Cn..  Ltd. ;  Scottish 
Vacuum  Cleaner  Co.;  Magic  Appliances,  Ltd.;  James  Keith' and 
Blackman  ;  Sifmens  Bros.  :  B  T  H.  Co.  ;  JVaser  &  Borthwick  ; 
W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Wire  Co.  ;  General  Electric  Co.  ;  British 
Westinghonse  Co.  ;  Kelvin  i;  Jamps  White  ;  Anderson  k  Munro  ; 
Bonham,  Scott  &  Co.  ;  British  Heaters  Co.,  Ltd.  ;  Carron  Co.  ; 
Yates  Bros.  ;  J.  Dugdill  &  Co.  ;  Edward  &  Sons  ;   and  Waygoods. 

German  E.\ports. — Some  figures  have  just  been  pub- 
lished in  relation  to  the  course  of  the  German  impart  and  export 
trade  in  electrical  and  other  machinery  and  cables  in  recent  years. 
It  is  shown,  in  the  first  place,  that  the  value  of  the  imports  of  all 
classes  of  machinery  and  electrical  manufactures  has  decreased 
from  £7,700.000  in  1907  to  £6.450,000  in  1912,  whereas  the  exports 
have  advanced  from  £3fi,7.^0,0i>0  in  1907  to  £52.800,000  in  1912. 
The  figures  for  the  electrical  trade  alone  are  as  follows  : — 

Imports:—  1912.  1907. 

Dynamos,  motors,  transformers,  &c £107. OCO        £94,000 

Electric  cables 49,8C0  76,000 

Export »  : — 

Dynamos,  motors,  transformers,  &c. ...    £2,506,000    £1,716,000 

Electric  cables 1,643,000      2,2t,0,000 

It  is  claimed  by  a  Frankfort  newspaper  that  Germany  now 
occupies  the  first  position  in  the  supply  of  the  markets  of  the 
world  with  all  classes  of  machinery,  including  electrical,  and  that 
the  United  States  holds  the  second  place  and  Great  Britain  the 
third.  As  compared  with  19ii9,  the  German  exports  have  increased 
in  value  by  54  per  cent.,  and  those  of  the  United  States  by  82  per 
cent.,  whereas  those  from  Great  Britain  are  credited  with  a 
decline  of  1  per  cent,  as  against  1909. 

Antomatic    Brake    Adjuster. — The    Anger  Maxi- 

KACTUBING  AKD  SUPPLY  Cc,  LTD..  of  Fishergate,  Preston,  have 
received  a  number  of  contracts  for  their  Anger  improved  auto- 
matic brake  adjuster  recently  described  in  our  pages,  including  the 
following  :  — 

Sheffield  Corporation  Tritmwaye.— Additional  order  for  61  cets,  makiog 
n  total  of  100  eetB ;  all  of  the  new  trucks  being  built,  are  to  be  fitted  nitb  the 
brake  adjuster. 

One  bundred  sets  for  new  bogie  trucke,  for  Biimingbem  Corporation 
Tramways.  ^ 

One  hundred  and  thirty  sets  for  Cardiff  Corporation  Tramways,  beini^'octh 
Binete  and  bogie  tmcks. 

Santos  Development  Co.— Sixty  sets  for  the  Santos  Tramways,  Brazil. 

The  tpeciflcations  nlso  include  the  brake  a(1j utter  for  the  rew  trucks  for 
York,  Kast  London,  Waltbamstow,  Darlington,  <So-.  and  duplicate  orders  have 
been  received  from  Buddersfleld,  Bastings,  WaUall,  Ducdae,  Aberdeen,  Cape- 
town. &o. 

They  have  also  received  further  orders  from  Blackpool,  for  six  bogie  trucks 
to  be  equipped,  and  for  seven  more  sets  for  the  bogie  trucks  tor  Preston 
Corporation  Tramways. 

Tbey  have  made  shifments  to  Japan,  amounting  (o  80  sets;  and  have 
farther  orders  for  bogie  trucks  for  several  systems  in  Japan. 

The  company  has  recently  made  arrangements  with  another 
factory  to  manufacture  the  various  parts  of  the  device  at  Hapton, 
near  Burnley,  and  the  specialities  are  al.=o  handled  at  factories 
at  Newton  Heath,  Brussels,  ard  Paris.  The  company  has  just 
made  agreements  with  the  Ackley  Brake  and  Supply  Co.,  of 
New  York  City,  who  will  manufacture  and  sell  the  device  in 
the  United  States,  Mexico,  Cuba,  Porto  Rica.  Central  America 
and  Philippine  Islands. 

Catalflgraes  Wanted  Abroad. — Manufacturers  of  elec- 
trical supplies  and  appliances  for  domestic  and  office  use  (beaten, 
cookers,  fans,  irons,  &c.),  and  also  manufacturers  of  tramway 
supplies,  workshop  plant  and  tools,  are  invited  to  send  recent 
catalogues  (with  prices  and  discounts)  to  the  manager  of  each  of 
the  following  companies  : — 

Pnr4  KVctrlc  Railways  and  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd.,  Caiza  No  Correio  No.  39, 
Par6,  Brazil. 

Mai  60S  Tramways  and  Light  Co.,  Ltd.,  Caixa  No  Correio  Mo.  148,  Mar&os, 
Brazil, 

Venezuela  Electric  Lisht  Co.,  Ltd.,  Apartado  176,  Caracas.  Venezuela. 

Compania  de  Luz  y  Fnerza  Motriz  de  Cordoba,  Calle  Rivera  Indarte  165, 
Cordoba,  Argentine  Republic. 

Compania  Luz  y  Fnerza  de  Parari,  Parami,  Entre  Rios,  Argentine 
Republic. 

Compania  de  Electricidad  de  M^rida,  S.A.,  M^rida  de  Tucatan,  Mexico. 

North  Melbourne  Electric  Tramways  and  Lighting  Co.,  Ltd.,  Mount  Alex- 
ander Road,  Ascot  Vale,  Victoria,  Australia. 

Lead. — Following  upon  our  recent  comments  upon  the 
position  of  lead,  we  may  quote  a  report  on  the  matter  issued  by 
Messrs.  James  Forster  &  Co ,  of  141,  Fenchurch  Street,  London, 
B.C.,  under  date  June  2l8t : — 

"  The  course  of  the  market  this  week  has  amply  confirmed  all 
we  have  written  for  a  long  time  past.  We  have  urged  that  the 
position  is  due  to  consumption  overlapping  production;  others 
affirm  that  it  is  due  to  restriction  of  output  in  Mexico,  a  country 
producing  normally  120,000  tons  a  year.  We  think  we  can  con- 
clusively prove  that  this  is  not  the  explanation. 

'■  Imports  into  this  country,  January  to  May  SIst,  for  the  last  two 
year8,are;— 1912,91,221tons;  1913,  91,417  tons.  From  Mexico  :  1912, 
9,315  tons;  1913,  8,033  tons.  Our  imports,  therefore,  are  practi- 
cally the  same  as  for  the  same  period  last  year. 

"  We  give  our  opinion  for  what  it  is  worth,  and  affirm  that  the 
scarcity  of  prompt  lead,  which  has  been  more  or  less  in  evidence 
for  12  months  past,  is  due  almost  entir«ly  to  the  increase  in  con- 
sumption in  the  electrical  trades.  Copper  and  loiul  run  together 
In  this  respoct.  What  do  we  find  in  the  forfner  article  7  The  pro- 
duction has  increased  60  per  cent,   in  the  la:it  few  years,  and  has 


Vol.  72.     No.  l,8r)7,  Jdnb  27,  I9i:i.] 


THE    ELECTJftlCAL    iii'lVI^^W 


1081 


Jiot  cvnn  k('|)t  up  with  oonHumption,  whoroas  the  production  of  lead 
i«  Htiitiouiiry.  Th(i  larifoly-incroiiHcd  dcmandH  of  Ruhhiii  for  lead 
thirt  yoar  are  duo  to  Iho  (^xtcnHioii  of  clcctriual  work.  StookH  in 
Eiinlaiid  and  Aniorioa  two  yearn  ui?o  aaiountt'd  U)  r>i),000  tonn  ; 
Americftn  htockH  in  bond  to-day  are  '.l.dOO  ton",  and  thoro  are  nono 
in  l')r)t;lan(l.  The  HoriouH  poHition  in  intenHifitul  hy  the  rcHlriction  in 
Mexico  due  to  tlio  revolutionary  troublcH,  and  unlefH  a  normal 
condition  rapidly  HupurvencH  Ihere.it  in  impoHHiblo  to  put  a  limit  to 
valnoH.  Kurtluir,  thoro  in  a  bitf  '  bear  '  account  on  thiH  market  for 
July  and  Auirunt.  ValucH  incniuHed  daily  thin  week  until  ycHterday, 
when  £2\  KM.  wuh  done  for  .June  and  £21  for  July.  At  the  cIohc 
we  had  a  couKiderable  setback,  .June  Hollinir  at  £21  and  July  at 
C20  lOs.  ;  sellerH  for  August  at  £20,  and  September  £19  78.  6d." 

Book  !\IotiCfS, — La  'IV/ryrd/ihic  sans  Jil,  la  Tele- 
nii'u'riiiii/iii'  ct  la  'I't-I<'phiiiiic  miiis  /(/.  Uy  E.  Monier.  Seventh 
edition.  Paris:  Dunod  at  I'inat.  Price  2  fr.  50  c- -The  new 
edition  has  been  revised  and  enlarged,  and  now  includes  sections 
on  musical  sparks,  directive  aerialp,  coastal  signal  stations  for 
the  guidance  of  ships  in  fogs,  kc.  The  Eiflftl  Tower  installation 
receives  special  attention,  in  view  of  its  growing  importance  as  one 
of  the  most  powerful  stations  in  the  world,  and  the  official  centre 
of  the  international  wireless  time  service.  The  control  of  opera- 
tions at  a  dintance,  styled  toli'mia'anique  by  Prof.  Bracly,  and  the 
possibility  of  television  by  wireless,  are  among  the  subjects  dealt 
with  in  this  brighlly-written  little  book. 

Munual  of  Wireless  Teleii ra phij  and  Telei'honij.  By  A.  F. 
Collins.  Third  edition.  London  :  Chapman  &  Hall.  Price  68.  (id. 
net. — The  developments  constantly  taking  place  in  wireless  systems 
have  necessitated  a  revision  of  Mr.  Collins's  manual,  and  the  oppor- 
tunity has  been  taken  to  rearrange  the  contents.  The  book  deals 
with  the  theory,  the  apparatus  employed  for  sendiug  and  receiving, 
the  aerial  wire  system,  wiring  diagrams  for  transmitters  and 
receivers,  and  the  methods  of  operation.  Various  types  of  ecpiip- 
ment  are  described,  and  chapters  are  included  on  "  Suggestions  to 
operators  "  and  wireless  telephony.  The  book  is  well  illustrated, 
and  contains  a  great  deal  of  useful  information. 

^'  .1(111  mill  oi  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers."  Vol.  .50, 
No.  219,  with  Index  to  Vol.  -,0.  London  :  E.  &  V.  N.  Spon,  Ltd. 
Price  53. — The  issue  for  May,  191:?,  contains  the  following  papers  : 
"  Parallel  Operation  of  Alternators,"  by  A.  R.  Everest  ;  "The  Ohm, 
the  Ampere  and  the  Volt  :  a  Memory  of  .50  Year?.  1862-1912,"  by 
R.  T.  Glazebrook  ;  "Developments  in  the  Street  Lighting  of  Man- 
chester," by  S.  L  Pearce  and  H.  A.  Ratcliflf ;  "  Tramway  Feeding 
Networks,"  by  J.  G.  and  R.  G.  Cunliffe  ;  "  The  '  Knight '  Fire  Alarm 
System,"  by  E.  E.  Moore  ;  "The  Nature  of  Dielectric  Fatigue,"  by 
W.  Holttum. 

"  Annual  Tables  of  Constants  and  Numerical  Data — Chemical, 
Physical  and  Technological."  Vol.11,  1911.  London:  J.  &  A. 
Churchill.     Price  28s.  6d.  net. 

"Modern  Electrical  Theory."  By  N.  R.  CampbeH.  1913. 
London  :  Cambridge  University  Press.    Price  9s.  net. 

"  Practical  Alternating  Currents  and  Alternating  Current  Test- 
ing." By  C.  F.  Smith.  Price  (is.  net.  "  Engineering  Tables  and 
Data."  By  W.  W.  F.  PuUen.  Price  Is.  6d.  net.  Manchester  : 
Scientific  Publishing  Co. 

"Logarithms  for  Beginners."  By  C.  N.  Pickworth.  Fourth 
Edition.     1912.     London:  Whittaker  &  Co.     Pricels.net. 

"  ProceeiliiK/s  of  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers." 
Vol.  XXXII,  No.  6.  June,  1913.  New  York  :  The  Institute.  Price 
Sl.OO. 

"  Transact'wns  of  the  Illuminating  Engineering  Society."  Vol. 
VIII,  No.  5.     May,  1913.     New  Y'ork  :  The  Society.     Price  75  cents. 

"Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute."  Vo'.  CLXXV,  No.  6. 
June,  1913.     Philadelphia,  Pa.  :  The  Institute.     Price  50  cents. 

"  Atti  della  Associazione  Elettrotecnica  Italiana."  Vol.  XVII, 
No.  11.  June  15th,  1913.  Milan  :  Stucchi,  Ceretti  &  Co.  Price 
L  1-50. 

"  Memoria  leida  en  la  Junta  General  de  Senores  Accionistas  de 
la  Compania  Blectrica  de  Alumbrado  y  Traccion  de  Santiago." 
February,  1913.     Havana  :  Rambla,  Bouza  y  Ca. 

A.Ij.  Electric  Company  v.  Aron. — Mr.  H.  S.  Chambei-^ 

lain,  solicitor  for  the  plaintiff  in  this  case,  writes  as  follows  ; — 
"  Referring  to  the  article  appearing  in  the  Irgal  column  of  your 
issue  of  June  13th,  I  have  been  directed  to  draw  your  attention  to 
the  fact  that  Mr.  Aron  does  not  hold  two-thirds  of  the  shares,  but 
is  the  registered  holder  of  4,601  ordinary  shares,  and  25  founders' 
shares  out  of  a  total  issue  of  about  12,000.  Will  you  kindly  correct 
the  statement  in  your  next  issue  .'  " 

Australia. — The  principal  of  a  Sydney  firm,  visiting 
London,  wishes  to  get  into  touch  with  United  Kingdom  manufac- 
tnrers  of  all  classes  of  electrical  goods  and  machinery. — Board  of 
Trade  Journal. 

Annual  OutinjfS. — On  Saturday  last  about  70  of  the 
employes  of  Messks.  E.  Beook,  Ltd,  of  Huddersfield  went  for 
their  ninth  annual  excursion  to  Worksop,  and  had  a  drive  round 
the  Dukeries.  The  day  proved  exceptionally  fine,  and  everything 
was  carried  out  in  a  first-class  manner  by  Messrs.  Dean  and 
Dawson,  Ltd. 

The  oflSoe  staff  of  the  Sterling  Telephone  and  Electric  Co., 
Ltd.,  had  their  annual  outing  on  Saturday  last,  when  they  were 
invited  to  spend  the  dav  at  the  residence  of  the  managing  director, 
Mr.  Guy  Burney,  at  Westcliff- on-Sea.  Ample  facilities  were  pro- 
vided for  sailing,  motoring  and  sports.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Burney  were 
quite  ideal  as  host  and  hostess,  and  a  most  enjoyable  day  resulted. 

A  large  number  of  the  members  of  the  head  office  staff  of  W.  T. 
Henley's  Telecraph  Works  Co.,  Ltd.,  participated  in  the  annual 
trip  up  the  river  on  Saturday  last.  The  party,  consisting  of  about 
100  ladies  and  gentlemen,  left  Paddington  Station  by  the  915  a.m. 


train  for  Bourne  End,  and  embarked  there  on  the  titeam  launch  //-< 
Mnjeslij,  prucerdinir  up  the  river  to  Hhiplakit.  Lunrh  wan  Hervcl 
on  lK)Brd,  and  at  intorvaU  a  munical  programtrio  waji  providfrd  by 
mombers  of  the  party.  On  th<!  r»-tnrn  jotirn<y  a  iit^jp  wan  made  at 
Henley  and  alho  at  Mai  low,  in  order  to  view  the  Jt<-i;atta  which 
waH  in  progrcHH  there.  The  launch  th'-n  proceeded  to  .Maidenhnwl, 
where  the  company  entrained  for  IVldington.  Alt^jgcthcr  it  waa 
an  exceedingly  (iiijoyable  outirif.  Thi;  weather  wan  gloriously  line, 
the  river  was  at  its  bHttt,  and  great  praiHO  wa«  due  to  the  Btewardr, 
who  admirably  carried  out  the  arrangcmentH. 

DLssnlutionH    and    Mqiiidatlon.H.— loir.v.^o.v  Hkcrkt 

WiUELKK.s  Ti;lk<;iiaimi  A.sr)  Tki.ki-moni;  Tkm  i.s<;  Hv.shicatk, 
Ltd. — This  company  i>*  winding  up  voluntarily,  with  Mr.  J.  A. 
Robertson,  38  and  39,  Billiter  Square  Buildings,  K.C.,  ax  liquidator. 
A  meeting  of  creditors  is  called  for  Jane  2t>th  at  40,  K'ng  Street, 
E.C. 

DinivOT  Gas  Fuel,  Ltd.— A  meeting  will  be  held  at  318,  Moor- 
gate  Station  Chambers,  E.C,  on  July  2lHt,  to  hear  an  account  of  the 
winding  up  from  the  liquidator,  Mr.  A,  W.  (iood. 

Pekuv  A;  Co..  gas  and  electric  light  fitting  manufacturers  and 
electricians,  21,  Grafton  Street,  and  Avery  Row.  Brook  Street, 
London.  Messrs.  R.  Wason,  J.  F.  I'lelding,  J.  St.  J.  Smith  and 
B.  G.  St.  J.  Smith  have  dissolvpd  partnership,  Mr.  Fielding  retiring. 
Debts,  ..tc,  will  te  attended  to  by  Mr.  Wason.  who  will  continue 
the  business  with  the  other  two  partners  under  the  old  style. 

Catalos:nes    and   Lists.— .Mkssrs.    KKcor,K   Markixi 

AND  Co.,  26,  Garlick  Hill,  London,  E  C— Catalogue  No.  H  I  giving 
full  information  describing  their  centrifugal  electric  pumps  with 
excellent  illustrations  and  a  great  deal  of  tabulated  detail,  includ- 
ing dimensions,  weights,  and  prices.  • 

The  General  Electric  Co,  Ltd.,  67,  Queen  Victoria  S'reet, 
London,  E.C. — Leaflet,  No.  0  1,704,  giving  illustrated  particulars 
and  price  of  the  "  Victor "  electric  battery  fan  for  motor-boat, 
motor-'bus  and  other  service. 

The  British  Thomsos-Hodston  Co.,  Ltd..  Rugby.— Price  list, 
No.  4,125,  describing  the  B.T.H.  field  discharge  switches  ;  al-iO  an 
attractive  folder  particularising  and  pricing  their  electric  fans — 
desk  and  bracket  types. 

Trade  Announcements. — Tiik  Auc  Lamp-Lowkrixg 

Gear  Co.,  Darlington,  have  appointed,  as  their  sole  agents  for 
London  and  district,  for  the  sale  of  their  lowering  gear  and 
accessories,  Messrs.  Neale  \'  Freund,  Ltd.,  who  will  keep  samples 
at  their  offices  at  31,  Budge  Row,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.C. 

The  KomrxD  Co.  have  removed  their  offices  and  warehouses  to 
329,  Bank  Chambers,  High  Holborn,  W.C,  where  all  communica- 
tions should  be  addressed.  We  have  received  a  list  reprinting  a 
number  of  testimonials  from  users  of  their  special  foundation 
plates. 

Messrs.  Balfour,  Beatty  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  have  removed  to  66, 
Queen  Street,  London,  E.C.     New  telephone  No.  "  503  City." 

The  telephone  numbers  of  Messrs.  Osram  Lamp  Works,  Ltd., 
Hammersmith,  have  been  altered  to  "Hammersmith  1500  and 
1501." 

Bankruptcy    Proceedings.—  James    Edwix    Stott 

(James  E.  Stott  &  Co.),  electrician,  Huddersfield. — Application  for 
discharge  to  be  heard  on  July  3l.'<t  at  Huddersfield. 

At  the  public  examination  in  bankruptcy  of  Messrs.  Taxnett- 
Walker,  Ltd.,  of  Hunslet,  Leeds,  Mr.  Arthur  Tannett-Walker,  in 
answer  to  questions  by  the  OIti  :ial  Receiver,  said  that  he  attributed 
the  failure  of  the  firm  to  the  fact  that  there  were  cleverer  people 
than  they  were,  and  people  were  going  in  more  for  electric  than 
for  hydraulic  power.  The  liabilities  of  the  firm  are  given  at 
£85,295,  and  the  assets  are  estimated  at  £2,051. 


LIGHTING  and  POWER  NOTES. 


Abingdon. — Progress  is  being  made  with  the  electric 
light  scheme  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Edwards,  of  Bristol,  who  has  acquired 
from  the  T.C.  its  rights  under  a  prov.  order.  A  local  Electric 
Light  and  Supply  Co.  has  been  formed,  and  a  contract  entered  into 
for  the  erection  of  the  necessary  buildings. 

Algeria, — A  proposal  to  establish  a  central  electric 
lighting  station  in  the  little  town  of  Stoueli  is  at  present  under 
consideration. 

Bath.— The  E.L.  Committee  of  the  T.C.  has  recom- 
mended the  Council  to  open  a  showroom  and  offices  in  connection 
with  the  electricity  undertaking  in  Dorchester  Street. 

Batley. — In  the  annual  report  upon  the  working  of  the 
electricity  department  during  the  year  ended  March  31st,  which 
has  been  presented  to  the  Electricity  Committee,  it  is  stated  that 
whereas  a  deficit  was  made  a  year  ago,  the  last  12  months  have 
yielded  a  small  net  profit.  The  revenue  had  increased  from  £7,934 
to  £8,626,  there  being  increases  of  £431  in  the  lighting  receipts 
and  an  increase  of  £742  in  the  receipts  from  the  power  supply, 
whilst  the  traction  supply  had  increased  by  £75.  The  net  cost  of 
working  was  £5,354,  and  the  gross  profit  wa-s  £3,271,  a  decrease  of 
about  £207. 

E 


1062 


THE    ELECTRICAL    BEVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,857,  Jdne  27,  1913. 


Bexhill. — A  L.Cr.H.  inquiry  respecting;  the  application 
of  the  Council  for  sanction  to  borrow  £400  for  land,  and  two  sump 
of  £1,.">00  for  mains  and  house  services  during  the  next  two  years, 
has  been  held.  The  Town  Clerk  stated  that  the  new  sub  station  was" 
retiuired  owinp  to  the  rapid  development  of  Cooden  Beach  and  the 
west  of  Bexhill  generally.  Commander  Loane,  chairman  of  the; 
Electric  Light  Committee,  in  answering:  a  question,  paid  they  were 
carrying  forward  £l.l'iiO  this  year,  but  the  question  of  the  relief 
of  the  rates  depended  largely  on  the  assessment  of  the  undertaking 
which,  in  this  case,  was  very  high.  The  Council  had  appealed,  but 
had  only  succeeded  in  getting  the  amount  reduced  by  £100. 

BiD(^Iey. — The  District  Council  has  decided  to  apply  for 
powers  to  borrow  a  further  £l,.500,  for  the  purposes  of  the  electric 
supply  to  be  obtained  from  Keighley,  and  to  apply  for  sanction  for 
the  laying  of  cables  and  mains  from  the  Keighley  boundary  to 
various  points  in  Bingley.  Mr.  W.  Emmott  has  been  appointed 
consulting  engineer. 

ltiriuiD<cham. — In  order  to  provide  means  of  cooling 
the  circulating  water  for  the  two  5,i"i0-kw.  turbo-generators  which 
will  shortly  be  erected  at  the  Summer  Lane  Station,  the  Electricity 
Committee  recommends  that  it  be  allowed  to  expend  £6,300  on 
two  additional  cooling  towers,  and  that  sanction  to  a  loan  for  this 
amount  be  obtained. 

Blackpool. — Arrangements  have  been  made  with  the 
L.  a;  Y.  and  L.  A;  N.W.  Railway  Co.'s  whereby  the  latter  have 
agreed  to  continue  with  a  few  exceptions  the  summer  train  service 
to  October  IMh,  and  keep  on  a  better  service  than  hitherto  to 
the  end  of  Ootober.  This  will  enable  the  Corporation  to  carry 
out  an  ambitions  scheme  of  electrical  illumination,  com- 
fliencing  in  the  middle  of  September  and  continuing  till  the 
end  of  October.  The  scheme,  which  provides  for  the  electrical 
illumination  of  the  whole  of  the  promenade  from  the  Gynn  to 
South  Shore,  with  special  effects  at  the  various  squares  I'u  raiilr, 
is  expected  to  cost  several  thousand  pounds. 

Bri(IliDg;ton, — The  report  of  the  past  year's  work  in 
connection  with  the  Corporation's  electrical  undertaking  states 
that  the  gross  income  for  the  twelvemonth  amounted  to  £  7,1-19.  as 
compared  with  £ii,889  for  the  previous  year.  The  net  profit  is 
returned  at  £1,324.  Of  this  sum  £  198  is  to  be  expended  on  meters, 
£.'>00  allocated  to  a  machinery  and  batteries  renewal  fund  and  the 
remainder  to  a  floating  balance  fund. 

Brierfield. — The  r.D.C.  has  decided  to  apply  to  the 
L.G.B.  for  a  further  loan  of  £200  for  electrical  purposes. 

Brip^hton. — The  net  profit  on  the  Corporation  electricity 
department  for  the  past  year  was  £l,4o6,  as  compared  with  £8,4.")0 
in  the  previous  year.  The  falling  off  is  attributed  to  decreased 
revenue  both  from  lighting  and  tramways,  due  in  the  former  case 
to  the  Early  Closing  Act.  On  the  other  hand  fuel  charges  and 
taxes  were  higher.  Over  10  million  units  were  sold,  and  the 
revenue  was  £91,231.  Curiously  enopgb,  the  Finance  Committee 
had  already  arranged  to  appropriate  t;2,3iiO  from  electricity  profits 
in  aid  of  the  rates,  against  the  wishes  of  the  Electricity  Committee, 
with  the  usual  object  in  view — to  keep  the  rates  from  "  going  up."' 
However,  it  appears  that  the  balance  will  probably  find  its  way 
into  the  right  place,  viz.,  the  reserve  fund. 

Barj. — Important  alterations  and  mill  extensions  at 
Bury  promise  to  be  of  immense  benefit  to  the  electricity  under- 
taking. The  Bury  Papermaking  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Gigg  Mills,  has 
applied  to  the  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  for  a  supply  of 
current  for  about  1,000  h.p.  of  motors.  The  proposal  will  mean 
abolishing  the  present  steam  drive,  and  the  substitution  of  electri- 
city for  driving  and  lighting.  It  is  estimated  that  electrical 
driving  will  mean  a  considerable  saving  in  cost  of  production.  It 
is  understood  that  the  new  system  will  be  installed  at  the  earliest 
possible  moment.  The  Peel  Spinning  and  Manufacturing  Co., 
Ltd.,  proposes  to  erect  a  third  mill,  which  will  be  electrically 
driven  by  about  1,000  h.p.  of  motors.  It  will  be  one  of  the  largest 
electrically-driven  works  in  Lancashire.  The  two  firms  will  pro- 
bably consume  about  7  miUion  units  a  year  between  them. 

Chester. — The  proposal  of  the  Corporation  to  borrow 
£7.."j.^0  for  the  provision  of  a  storage  battery  in  connection  with 
the  works  in  course  of  erection  on  the  site  of  the  Old  Dee  Mills, 
has  formed  the  subject  of  an  inquiry  by  Mr.  Hooper,  of  the  L.G.B. 
In  making  the  application,  the  town  clerk  said  the  Committee, 
after  carefully  considering  the  reports  of  the  electrical  engineer, 
had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  most  economical  course  to 
adopt  was  to  provide  a  storage  battery  at  the  Crane  Street  works, 
with  a  net  capacity  of  550  KW.  for  three  hours,  at  an  estimated 
cost  of  £11, 5.0U,  made  up  as  follows:  Building,  £1,70U;  battery, 
£8,100;  battery  booster,  £1,200;  switchgear  and  instruments, 
£300  ;  connections,  £250.  Of  the  amount  named  it  was  intended 
to  defray  £4,000  from  the  reserve  fund.  The  Corporation  asked 
that  the  loan  in  respect  of  the  battery  should  be  for  a  period  of 
30  years,  and  in  respect  of  the  other  items  for  a  period  of  7  years. 
Particulars  of  the  scheme,  and  evidence  supporting  the  previous 
speaker's  observations,  were  given  by  Mr.  S.  E.  Britton,  the  elec- 
trical engineer.  At  the  close  of  the  inquiry  the  Inspector  visited 
the  site  of  the  new  works. 

Clones. — Messrs.  Henry  Jenkinson  &  Co.,  Belfast,  are 
promoting  a  company  to  introduce  electric  light  into  the  town  of 
Clones.  Mr.  Charles  Ferguson,  of  Clones,  has  consented  to  act  as 
manag^g  director. 


Continental  \otes. — Sweden. — The  British  Vice-Consul 
at  Nykoping  reports  that  a  powerful  syndicate  under  the  anspices 
of  the  Traffic  Co.  of  Griingesberg-OxeUijund  Ltd.,  the  most 
important  limited  company  in  Sweden,  is  planning  the  erection 
of  large  iron  works,  electricity  works,  and  coke  ovens  in  Oxelusund, 
which  may  be  considered  as  an  exterior  port  of  Xykiiping. 

The  electric  power  plant  will  be  of  large  capacity,  able  to  supply 
electric  power  at  a  great  distance  and  at  cheap  rates. 

The  capital  necessary  for  all  these  undertakings  amounts  to 
between  £400.000  and  £4r)0,000,  and  has  already  been  fully 
guaranteed. — JSoard  of  Traih-  Journal. 

Ri">siA. — The  Socicte  des  Tramways  de  Konrsk  which 
supplies  current  for  lighting  purposes,  as  well  as  running  the 
tramways  in  the  town  of  Koursk,  is  adding  a  new  225-H.i>.  Diesel 
engine  and  generator  to  its  central  station  with  the  view  of 
meeting  the  increased  demand. 

Italy. — The  projected  construction  of  a  great  ship  canal  between 
Milan  and  Venice,  in  which  much  activity  is  now  being  shown 
by  the  organising  committee,  will  have  an  electrical  aspect,  as  it  is 
expected  that  considerable  electrical  power  will  thereby  be  pro- 
vided, which  will  Set  off  about  one-ciuarter  of  the  aggregate  cost 
of  the  undertaking.  The  salient  items  of  the  scheme  are  the  con- 
struction of  two  canals,  the  one  connecting  MiUn  with  the  lliver 
Po  and  the  other  connecting  that  river  with  the  Venetian  Lagoon. 
The  length  of  the  new  waterway  will  be  380  km.  It  is  stated  that 
electric  locomotive  trains  will  work  traffic  on  the  canals,  rackwork 
steam  trains  on  the  Rivers  Adda  and  Po  and  steam  tugs  on  the 
Lagoon, — /ritschr.  des  Oc.tt.  Iikj.  vixl  Arli. 

A  new  co-operative  as30ciation,  with  the  title  La  Associazione 
Italiana  fra  Co'nsumatori  di  Energi  Electica.  has  just  been  formed 
in  Milan  to  protect  the  interests  of  consumers  of  electrical  energy, 
and  p-)seibly,  to  establish  a  power  supply  station  on  its  own  account. 

FuASCE. — The  authors  of  the  two  schemes  for  developing  the 
water-powers  of  the  Upper  Rhone,  namely,  the  Blondel-Harl^- 
Mabl  t-cheme  and  the  Bellegarde-Malpertuis  scheme,  have  come  to 
an  understanding  to  work  together  the  one  chosen  by  the  Ministre 
des  Travaux  Publics  for  execution. 

La  Socicte  Electricite  et  Gaz  -du  Nord,  which  has  an  electric 
generating  station  of  19,00ii  kw.  capacity  at  .leumont  (Nord),  pro- 
poses to  establish  a  new  power  statTion  near  Maubeuge.  which  will 
be  connected  up  to  the  same  network  of  mains,  in  order  to  guarantee 
an  uninterrupted  supply  of  electrical  energy  for  power  purposes  to 
the  large  number  of  industrial  establishments  in  the  district. 

Denmark. — According  to  some  statistics  recently  published  in 
the  Elfhtroteltnikoroi,  of  Copenhagen,  the  official  organ  of  the 
Danish  Society  of  Electrical  Engineers,  57  new  central  electric 
lighting  stations  were  established  in  Denmark  during  1911,  repre- 
senting a  total  of  4,645  h.p  .  these  figuree  comparing  with  46  new 
plants,  of  an  aggregate  of  2,462  h.p.,  in  1910.  Of  the  57  stations 
mentioned,  10  were  erected  for  town  supply  and  47  in  country 
districts.  During  the  year  extensions  representing  an  expenditure 
of  £198,000  were  made  to  existing  stations,  the  similar  outlay  in 
1910  being  only  i:99,000.  Excluding  the  stations  in  Copenhagen 
and  Fredericksberg,  which  have  a  total  capacity  or  33,240  H.P., 
there  were  altogether  in  Denmark  at  the  end  of  1911,  293  electric 
lighting  stations,  representing  31,100  h.p,,  and  an  outlay  of  about 
£3,500,000,  these  figures  comparing  with  respectively  23^, 
24,650  H.P.,  and  £1,325,000  at  the  end  of  1910.  The  article  con- 
cludes with  the  statement  that  now  that  central  stations  have  been 
established  at  Silkeborg  and  Hilbaek.  every  town  in  Denmark  with 
over  5,000  inhabitants  is  provided  with  electric  lighting. 

Dundalk. — At  the  bi-monthly  meeting  of  the  Urban 
Council,  Mr.  P.  A.  Spalding,  resident  electrical  engineer,  in  his 
report,  stated  that  the  total  number  of  services  in  connection  with 
the  electric  lighting  of  the  town  amounted  to  276  to  date. 

Dandee. — The  Corporation  has,  fixed  the  price  of 
electricity  for  each  unit  in  the  first  2,500  units  per  quarter  at  3id., 
in  the  second  2,500  units  3d.,  in  the  third  2,500  units  2Sd.,  in  the 
fourth  2.500  units  2Jd.,  in  the  fifth  2,500  2id.,  and  above  that 
2d.  per  unit.  The  ordinary  rates  for  power  supply  for  the  first 
10,000  units  are  l-Jd.  per  unit,  between  10,000  and  50,000  id.,  and 
above  that  li.  For  heating  and  cooking  lid.  per  unit  is  charged 
for  the  first  100  units,  and  |d.  per  unit  above  that. 

Dewsbury. — The  Assessment  Committee  of  the  local 
B.  of  G ,  in  considering  the  classes  of  property  in  the  borough 
which  shall  form  the  subject  of  a  new  valuation,  has  decided  to 
include  in  that  category  telephones  (a)  call  offices,  (i)  wires  ; 
electric  power  ;  (a)  stations,  (J)  cables  ;  pumping  station,  mains, 
elestricity  works  ;  and  tramways  (a)  depots,  (i)  lines  of  rails. 

East  Ham. — Negotiations  are  being  carried  out  with  a 
view  of  supplying  power  to  sewage  works  of  the  Wanstead 
U.D.C. 

Glasgoii'. — Extensive  additions  are  being  made  in  con- 
nection with  the  electricity  department.  The  Corporation  is 
modernising  the  plant  and  greatly  increasing  the  output.  For  this 
year  the  output  is  estimated  at  63,000,000  units.  The  total  plant  at 
present  installed  in  the  power  stations  amounts  to  37,000  KW. 
Since  June,  1912,  applications  have  been  received  for  suppliee 
equivalent  to  12,000  KW.,  but  a  considerable  proportion  of  this, 
however,  has  not  yet  been  connected  to  the  mains. 

Orders  have  been  placed  for  two  6,000-KW.  turbo-alternators, 
one  with  the  Westinghouse  Co.,  and  the  other  with  Messrp. 
Howden  ;  and  two  pairs  of  marine  water-tube  boilers  are  on  order 
from  Messrs.  Babcock,  and  two  pairs  from  the  Howden  Boiler  Co. 
The  whole  of  this  plant  is  due  for  delivery  in  time  to  meet  next 
winter's  load.  A  new  generating  station  is  also  to  be  erected  on  a 
Bite  near  the  Dalmarnook  Bridge,  whioh,  when  complete,  will  hare 


Vol.  Tl.     No.  1,857,  Junk  2V,  191:).1 


T£{E    ELKCTmCAL    KKYO^rv/, 


1068 


a  plant  capacity  of  I(j0,00(»  kw.  Thi.s  new  Htation  will,  ho  far  an 
the  planH  have  ifono,  be  i)rol)abIy  erected  in  three  HectionH,  When 
the  full  complement  of  plant  Ih  inHtalled  it  iH  anticipated  that  the 
new  works  will  take  over  the  bulk  of  the  supply  for  the  whole  areo, 
antl  that  the  present  main  ijfeneratintr  stations  at  Port  Dundas  and  St. 
Andrew's  Cross  will  be  uRcd  for  peak  load  purposes  only  durint;  the 
winter  months.  Thej-oneratinfir  stations  at  I'urtick  and  (iovan  will 
then  have  been  converted  into  sub-stations. 

The  consumption  of  coal  per  unit  (fenerated  has  been  reduoed 
durini;  the  past  seven  years  from  ii\  lb,  to  :i.i  lb.  ;  this,  on  a  total 
oonBumption  of  10(i,(iOii  tons,  is  etjual  to  a  savinjj  of  £iy,ii()0  per 
annum. 

The  supply  of  electrical  energy  in  Glasuow  is  to  ordinary  oon- 
Bumers  a  low-tension  supply  at  2.'>0  and  500  volts,  and  to  consumerB 
who  make  a  lartre  demand  there  is  also  available  extra-hiprh-tension 
energy  at  6,500  volts.  The  Corporation  has  done  much  to  encourage 
the  use  of  electrical  energy  for  power  purposes.  About  11, 000  h.p. 
of  motors  at  work  in  private  premises  take  current  from  the 
Corporation  mains.  Where  the  energy  is  metered  on  the  high- 
tension  side  the  charge  may  be  as  low  as  £:{  lOs.  per  KVV.  of 
maximum  demand  per  annum  plus  ■15d.  per  unit  consumed,  and  if 
the  energy  is  metered  on  the  low-tension  side  the  charge  may  be  at 
the  rate  of  £5  lOs.  per  kw.  of  maximum  demand  per  annum  plus 
'18d.  per  unit  consumed.  In  certain  cases  these  charges  bring  the 
average  price  per  unit  below  a  halfpenny.  The  charge  in  Glasgow 
for  public  street  arc  lamps  is  £12  10s.  per  lamp  per  annum. 

Greflioek. — At  a  nieetin<^  of  the  Corporation  it  was 
agreed,  in  view  of  the  agreements  having  been  signed  by  the  power 
users  in  Port  Glasgow,  to  apply  for  the  order  by  the  B.  of  T.,  and 
to  negotiate  for  suitable  sites  for  sub-stations  in  Port  Glasgow. 
The  meeting  also  authorised  the  signing  of  the  agreements  by  the 
Corporation.  It  was  reported  that  the  electricity  generated  in 
May,  compared  with  the  eame  month  last  year,  showed  an  increase 
of  !»(i,28:i  units. 

Hertford. — The  R.D.C.  has  decided  to  assent  to  the 
application  of  the  North  Metropolitan  Electric  Power  Supply  Co. 
for  powers  to  supply  electricity  within  the  Council's  area. 

Iloliiifirlli  (Vorkshire). — In  reference  to  the  invita- 
tion issued  by  the  District  Council  for  competitive  schemes  for 
generation  and  supply  of  electricity  in  the  Council's  area,  the  offer 
of  Mr.  Mountain,  consulting  engineer,  of  Huddersfield,  to  adjudge 
the  schemes,  has  been  accepted  by  the  Council.  Three  schemes  and 
tenders  have  been  submitted  by  the  firms  of  T.  W.  Broadbent, 
Huddersfield,  F.  Parkinson  i:  Co.,  Leeds,  and  Drake  &  Gorham,  Ltd., 
Manchester. 

Hornsey. — The  L.G.B.  has  sanctioned  the  borrowing  of 

£3,U00,  repayable  in  15  years,  for  house  services  in  connection  with 
the  electricity  undertaking.  The  total  receipts  from  the  electricity 
undertaking  for  the  year  ending  March  Blst  last,  amount  to 
£22,3B»;,  as  against  £21,215  for  the  previous  year,  or  an  increase  of 
£1,121,  The  receipts  from  private  consumers  total  £20,4(19,  asagainst 
£19,401,  or  an  increase  of  £1,U68.  Distribution  and  management 
expenses,  iVc,  amounted  during  the  year  to  £9,843,  as  against 
£8,510,  or  an  increase  of  £1,333,  of  which  £033  was  for  coal.  The 
amount  to  be  transferred  to  net  revenue  account  is  put  at  £11,790, 
as  against  £12,015  in  the  previous  year,  or  a  decrease  of  £225  The  net 
revenue  account  shows  that  during  the  period  under  review  the 
repayment  of  loans  and  interest  accounts  for  £10,639,  as  against 
£10,083,  and  that  the  net  profit  for  the  year  is  £1,289,  as  against 
£2,038,  or  a  decrease  of  £748.  The  amount  brought  forward 
last  year  was  £4,156  ;  this  year  it  is  proposed  to  carry  forward 
£5,446,  of  which  about  £4,0o0  is  required  for  working  capital. 

Hoylake    and    West    Rirby. — The    Electric    Supply 

Committee  of  the  U.D.C.  has  approved  of  an  estimate  submitted  by 
the  engineer,  amounting  to  £1,010,  for  structural  alterations  to  the 
generating  station  and  the  laying  of  foundations  for  the  engine 
beds  and  the  condensing  plant.  Application  is  to  be  made  to  the 
L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow  an  additional  sum  of  £440,  with  a 
further  £60  for  contingencies,  making  a  total  of  £6,000  in  respect 
of  proposed  extensions. 

Japan. — It  is  reported  that  the  Anglo-Japanese  Water 
Power  Co.  is  in  negotiation  for  the  purchase  of  the  Tomoyegawa 
power  station  of  the  Nagoya  Electric  Co.  If  the  deal  is  consum- 
mated the  company  will  be  able  to  supply  electrical  energy  for 
lighting  and  power  purposes  to  the  extent  of  4,200  h.p.  to  the  town 
of  Hamamatsu  from  November  next.  The  dams,  power  station  and 
transformer  sub-stations  of  the  Katsuragawa  Water  Power  Co. 
have  just  been  completed  and  passed  by  the  Government  inspectors. 

Kettering. — A  L.G.B.  inquiry  has  been  held  into  the 
application  of  the  U.D.C.  for  a  loan  of  £1,600  for  the  laying  of  a 
new  feeder,  and  there  was  no  opposition. 

King;8tO'n'n  (Co.  Dublin). — The  preliminary  arrange- 
ments in  connection  with  the  proposed  electric  supply  at  Kings- 
town are  being  actively  pushed  forward  by  the  company  incor- 
porated to  proceed  with  the  undertaking.  Several  sites  for  the 
erection  of  a  power  station  have  been  visited  and  inspected  at 
Sandyoove  by  the  company's  engineer,  Mr.  Tatlow,  and  it  is  under- 
stood the  erection  of  the  building  will  commence  in  or  before 
October. 

Lincoln, — The  chairman  of  the  Electricity  Committee, 
in  presenting  thn  annual  report  of  the  department,  recently  said 
they  had  sold  2,236,687  units,  an  increase  of  over  21  per  cent.  ;  the 
^088  profit  amounted  to  £6,502,  a  decrease  of  £418  on  the  previous 


year,  and  the  net  profit,  after  nubMiili«ing  the  rat«-H  to  the  titent 
of  £1,500,  was  £l,ii:tH.  This  waM  carriid  to  depr<;<.iati(<ii  ac-(X>Dnt, 
which  now  stands  at  £8,836.  Ife  oommiiiU-d  on  the  increMied  cost 
of  coul  and  the  extensions  tteing   mu<le  to  plant. 

LittlehorouKb    (near    Itocbdale).  —  The    Tramwayg 

and  Klectricity  Committee  has  dcidcd  that,  Mubject  to  the  Ilochdale 
Canal  Co.'s  being  agreeable  to  take  current  for  power,  the  »<;hemc 
for  the  laying  of  a  cable  from  the  kiOHk  in  the  Kjuare  to  the  canal 
wharf  in  ('anal  Street  be  proceeded  with  at  onix:. 

London. — Sr.  1*,\.mkas. — MiKlern  llfime  aruH  arc  to  Ijc 
substituted  for  eleven  old  arc  lamps  on  the  circnit  in  Tottenham 
Court  Koad  and  along  Euston  Uoad  to  Portland  Itoad  Station  at  an 
approximate  cost  of  £l.'>ii. 

The  Uees  lloturbo  Manufacturing  Co.  has  l>een  aitked  to  submit 
a  scheme  and  estimate  for  placing  a  high  speed,  electrically-driven 
pump  in  the  workhouse  well  at  or  near  the  water  level. 

Louu'lihorouKb. — The  General  I'urixDsos  Committee  haa 
agreed  to  a  scheme  for  making  extensions  at  the  electricity  works 
at  a  cost  of  £11,0(mi  and  for  extending  the  mains  at  a  cost  of 
£3,Oiio.  The  Brush  Electrical  Engineering  Co.  is  the  only  maker 
of  the  special  generator  required,  and  is  prepared,  if  this  is  put 
down,  to  let  out  on  hire  machinery  to  carry  over  the  next  winter's 
load.  It  is  proposed  that  the  electrical  engineer  be  entrusted  with 
the  carrying  out  of  the  work,  and  that  his  salary  be  increased 
from  £250  to  £350  for  the  next  three  years,  the  increase  to  cover 
his  remuneration  for  all  extensions  during  that  period.  The 
scheme  is,  of  course,  subject  to  confirmation  by  the  T.C.  and  the 
L.G.B.,  to  whom  application  will  be  made  for  a  loan. 

Mark  (Somerset). — A  representative  Committee  of 
ratepayers  has  been  appointed  to  ascertain  what  number  of 
prospective  consumers  of  electricity  there  are  in  the  village,  with 
a  view  to  the  Wedmore  Electric  Lighting  Co.  extending  the  mains 
to  the  pariah. 

Mexborou^b. — The  L.G.B.  has  sanctioned  the  applica- 
tion Qf  the  U.D.C.  to  borrow  £4,082  for  a  turbo-generator,  excluding 
spares  ;  £3,914  for  buildings;  £l,6nO  for  boilers,  &c.  ;  £1,060  for 
cooling  tower  ;  £30U  for  expenditure  on  proposed  public  lighting 
works  ;  and  £300  for  the  provision  of  services  in  connection  with 
the  proposed  public  lighting  works. 

Oldbani. — The  Corporation  Electricity  Committee  has 
decided  to  grant  free  electricity  for  illuminations  after  9  p.m.  on 
the  day  of  the  King's  visit,  to  consumers  willing  to  provide  and  fix 
devices. 

Peterboro". — The   sanction    of    the   L.G.B.   has   been 

received  for  borrowing  £4,430  for  a  generating  set,  and  £2,570  for 
boilers  and  mechanical  stokers. 

On  consideration  of  the  price  charged  to  the  Electric  Traction 
Co.  for  power,  it  was  decided  to  make  no  change  up  to  170,000 
units  per  annum  ;  but  that  the  price  for  the  next  30,o00  be  reduced 
from  r25d.  to  l'125d.  per  unit,  and  that  the  price  for  any  quantity 
beyond  200,000  units  (as  regards  such  excess)  be  Id.  per  unit. 

Rawtenstall. — The  Health  Sub-Committee,  after  con- 
sideration of  a  report  by  the  borough  surveyor  relative  to  the 
installation  of  gas  or  electricity  for  the  lighting  of  the  workmen's 
cottages  at  Hall  Carr,  has  resolved  that  electricity  be  installed,  and 
that  Mr.  Stewart,  the  Council's  electrical  engineer,  be  instructed  to 
proceed  with  the  carrying  out  of  the  work.  The  T.C.  has  con- 
firmed the  recommendation. 

Sbeffield. — Mr.  H.  R.  Hooper  will  on  July  2nd  and 
3rd  hold  an  inquiry  into  the  application  of  the  T.C.  for  loans, 
including  one  of  £130,860,  for  electricity  purposes. 

Swanage. — The  U.D.C.  has  approved  of  plans  submitted 
by  Dr.  Purves,  of  Exeter,  for  the  erection  of  a  generating  station 
in  the  town,  but  has  requested  that  gentleman  to  postpone  the 
laying  of  cables  until  the  autumn. 

Sarbiton. — The  District  Council,  at  its  last  meeting, 
considered  a  report  from  Mr.  J.  F.  C.  Snell,  upon  the  electricity 
undertaking  for  the  half-year  ended  March  31st  last.  Mr.  Snell 
states  that  so  far  as  he  could  see  the  plant  had  been  maintained  in 
excellent  working  order  and  had  run  satisfactorily  since  his  last 
inspection.  There  was  a  substantial  increase  in  the  number  of 
units  generated  and  sold,  lamps  connected  and  consumers  added, 
and  in  spite  of  the  continued  replacement  of  carbon  filament  lamps 
by  the  metal  filament,  there  had  been  an  increase  of  9"6  per  cent, 
in  the  sale  of  units  during  the  year. 

Sainton. — In  connection  with  the  proposals  for  lighting 
the  streets  by  electricity,  an  experimental  test  of  the  Barrow 
system,  which  is  reported  to  have  had  good  results  in  many 
districts,  is  to  be  made  on  Manchester  Road. 

Tilbory. — The  U.D.C.  has  decided  to  request  the  Hon. 
Rupert  Guinness,  M.P.,  to  oppose  in  Parliament  the  application 
of  the  County  of  London  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd..  for  a  prov. 
order  for  electric  lighting,  unless  the  company  agrees  to  insert  a 
clause  to  the  effect  that  its  employes  will  be  paid  the  Trade  Union 
rate  of  wages. 

Tempo  (Co.  Fermanag-h). — The  inhabitants  of  Tempo 

have  decided  to  have  a  plant  for  electric  lighting  purposes  installed. 
A  company  has  been  formed,  and  the  necessary  capital  subscribed. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  directors  just  held,  it  was  decided  to  accept 
the  tender  of  Mr.  J.  8.  Loughlin,  Bundoran,  for  the  installation  of 
the  plant,  which  will  be  proceeded  with  immediately. 


1064 


THE     ELECTRICAL     REVIEW.  [Vol.  72.    No.  1,857,  June  27,  1913. 


Troon. — At  a  special  meeting  of  the  T.C.  a  deputation 
was  received  from  a  number  of  ratepayers,  who  are  in  favour  of 
the  introduction  of  a  system  of  electric  lighting  into  the  town, 

Whitwortb. — The  D.C.  has  decided  to  apply  to  the 
L.G.B.  for  sanction  to  borrow  £10,06.5,  the  estimated  cost  of  setting 
up  an  electric  lighting  plant.  Whitworth  has  had  an  E.L.  order 
since  1 905,  but  nothing  has  been  done. 

H  isbech. — The  T.C.  has  been  informed  that  the  plant 
for  the  electric  light  undertaking  in  the  town  has  been  purchased 
by  the  Jsational  Electric  Construction  Co.,  Ltd..  and  that  it  will  be 
in  a  position  to  supply  current  by  the  close  of  the  present  year. 


TRAMWAY  and  RAILWAY  NOTES. 


Aberdeeo, — The  T.C.  has  confirmed  a  recommerldation 
of  the  Tramways  Committee  that  in  the  scheme  of  extension  for 
which  a  provisional  order  is  to  be  sought,  there  should  be  added 
another  new  route,  viz.,  a  double  line  from  the  existine  line  at 
Queen's  Cross,  along  St.  Swithin  Street  and  Union  Grove,  to 
Holbnrn  Street.  The  estimated  cost  of  this  additional  line  is 
£13,803,  and  the  borrowing  powers  will,  therefore,  have  to  be 
increased  from  £50,000  to  £65,000. 

BirmiD^ham. — In  connection  with  the  scheme  mentioned 
inourissueof  the  20th  inst.,  forlinkingup  the  various  tramway  routes 
in  the  centre  of  the  city,  the  Tramways  Committee  has  decided  to 
recommend  the  Council  to  carry  out  the  following  extensions  to  the 
system  :— (1)  New  line  from  the  Five  Ways,  down  Broad  Street,  to 
Paradise  Street ;  (2)  New  line  along  Paradise  Street,  Victoria 
Square,  Colmore  Row,  connecting  with  the  Handsworth  route  ;  (3) 
New  line  along  Suffolk  Street,  Easy  Road,  Great  Charles  Street, 
connecting  Bristol  Road  and  Dudley  Road  routes  ;  (4)  New  line 
along  Navigation  Street,  Stephenson  Street,  Stephenfon  Place, 
Corporation  Street,  Martinean  Street,  connecting  the  Moseley  and 
district  with  Aston  and  other  routes  ;  (5)  Present  track  in  Cor- 
poration Street  to  be  doubled  and  carried  the  full  length  of  the 
street,  to  join  the  Aston  route  in  Aston  Road  ;  (6)  Track  in  Dale 
End  to  be  doubled  ;  (7)  New  line  from  Hagley  Road,  Monument 
Road,  Icknield  Street,  Waistone  Lane,  Vyse  Street,  to  join  the 
Handsworth  route  at  Hockley  ;  (8)  New  line  from  Selly  Oak  to 
Northfield,  Longbridge  and  Rednal  ;  (9)  New  line  from  Gravelly 
Hill,  across  Erdington  Hall  estate,  to  Tyburn. 

Bradford. — A  local  correspondent  says  that  the  newly 
established  system  of  collecting  the  tramway  fares  of  upper  deck 
passengers,  in  Bradford,  is  not  working  very  smoothly,  chiefly 
because  of  the  stupidity  of  some  of  the  conductors,  who  insist  on 
taking  the  fare  on  the  platform  of  every  passenger,  even  though 
the  car  may  be  standing  at  a  terminus  and  a  great  crush  of  people 
endeavouring,  in  slow  and  painful  fashion,  to  board  the  car.  The 
instructions  of  the  authorities  allow  latitude  on  the  part  of  the 
conductors  at  crowded  teimini,  but  many  of  the  men  do  not  appear 
to  realise  this,  and,  to  their  own  and  the  passengers'  inconvenience, 
danger  to  those  waiting  in  the  road,  and  delay  in  starting  the  cars, 
insist  on  struggling  with  fares  and  change  before  allowing 
passengers  to  mount  the  steps.  Prior  to  the  establishment  ot  the 
system  most  upstairs  passengers  who  boarded  the  cars  en  rmtte 
were  very  willing  to  pay  before  going  upstairs,  but  the  practice  is 
now  very  roundly  grumbled  at. 

The  substantial  decrease  in  the  Corporation  Tramway  profits  for 
the  last  year  has  resulted  in  considerable  controverpy  as  to  whether 
or  not  the  cause  has  been  the  adoption  of  Jd.  fares  on  all  cars 
boarded  before  9  o'clock  in  the  morning.  It  is  fully  recognised 
that,  however  much  this  system  may  have  reduced  receipts  in  one 
direction,  it  has  had  the  effect  of  greatly  augmenting  the  volume 
of  traffic,  and  the  conclusion  has  been  accepted  pretty  generally 
that  the  chief  cause  of  the  decrease  in  profits  during  the  past  year 
was  the  bad  weather  of  last  summer,  which  meant  little  use  of  the 
many  routes  which  take  townspeople  into  the  surrounding  country. 
Even  in  that  bad  year  the  profit  was  £40,000,  and  it  is  not  expected 
that  the  authorities  will  return  to  the  all-penny  fare  system. 

A  meeting  of  the  residents  of  Woodlands  has  passed  a  resolution 
calling  upon  the  Tramways  Committee  to  proceed  at  once  to  fulfil 
a  long-delayed  promise  to  establish  a  tramway  service  between 
Odsal  and  Oakenshaw. 

Chile. — The  ^linister  for  Railways  will  shortly  apply  to 
Congress  for  funds  for  the  electrification  of  the  railway  between 
Santiago  and  Valparaiso. — Jicrietc  of  Riier  Plate. 

Continental  \otes.— Austiua. — The  engineers  of  the 
Austrian  State  Railway  authorities  are  at  present  engaged  in  con- 
sidering two  projects  for  the  establishment  of  electricity-generating 
stations  for  the  supply  of  the  necessary  energy  for  the  railways  in 
the  Southern  and  Eastern  parts  of  the  Tyrol.  One  plan  is  to 
utilise  the  power  of  the  River  Eifack,  on  the  Klansen-Waidbruch 
line,  where  from  ."..imiO  to  16,000  H. p.  is  said  to  be  available  ;  the 
other  proposal   is  to  establish  a  plant  to  utilise  the  power  of  the 


River  Sadebach  near  St.  Lorenzen,  in  the  Puster  Valley,  from  3,000 
to  9.0O0  H.p.  being  in  this  case  available. 

RcssiA.— The  authorities  of  the  Moscow-Kasan  Railway  are 
reported  to  be  considering  the  question  of  electrifying  the  section 
of  the  line  between  Moscow  and  Ramenkcje.  It  is  proposed  to 
utilise  the  water  power  of  the  River  Pechorka  in  the  generation 
of  the  necessary  electrical  energy. 

La  Societe  Tramways  et  Electricite  en  Russie  has  prepared  plans 
in  respect  of  a  projected  electric  railway  between  Riga  and  a 
number  of  seaside  pleasure  resorts  on  the  Baltic. 

Among  electric  transit  schemes  whose  realisation  is  impending  is 
an  electric  railway  between  Irkutsh  and  Bodaibo,  to  serve  the 
mining  fields  on  the  Lena  ;  an  electric  tramway  installation  in  the 
former  town  ;  and  a  similar  installation  at  Vilna.  the  cost  of  which 
is  put  at  about  5.000.000  roubles. 

The  traffic  at  St.  Petersburg  in  the  suburbs,  on  both  sides  of  the 
Neva,  has  hitherto  been  inadequately  catered  for  by  steam  and 
electric  trams  and  omnibuses.  With  a  view  to  an  increased  service, 
the  Minister  of  Traffic  has  introduced  into  the  Duma  a  Bill  pro- 
viding 16  million  roubles  for  the  construction  of  a  complete  network 
of  electric  tramways  throughout  the  suburbs.  It  is  considered  that 
the  Duma,  at  its  reassembling,  will  pass  this  Bill,  as  the  relief  of 
the  trafiBc  has  become  an  urgent  necessity. — Zeit,  filr  Elelt.  itnd 
Mancli. 

SwiTZEBLASi). — The  Swiss  State  Railway  authorities  are  reported 
to  have  decided  on  the  electrification  of  the  railway  between  Erstfeld 
and  Bellinzona.  Two  power  stations — one  at  Amsteg  and  one  on 
Lake  Ridom — are  to  be  established  in  connection  with  the  scheme. 

Sweden. — A  fairly  comprehensive  plan  already  exists  for  the 
electrification  of  all  the  trunk  lines  of  the  State  railways  in  Sweden, 
based  chiefly  on  the  waterfalls  which  belong  to  the  State,  or  have 
been  acquired  for  that  purpose.  It  is  expected  that  the  electrifica- 
tion will  be  completed  during  the  period  1914-20,  at  least,  on  the 
busiest  sections  of  the  system.  Work  has  already  been  started  on 
the  Kiruna-Riksgransen  section  of  the  frontier  line.  The  neces- 
sary power  will  be  obtained  from  a  water-power  station  at  Porjus, 
which  is  now  being  completed.  The  work  is  being  executed  by  the 
AUmanna  Svenska  Elektriska  Aktiebolaget,  in  conjunction  with  the 
Siemens-Schuckertwerke.  The  estimated  expenditure,  trgether 
with  the  cost  of  introducing  electric  traction  on  the  Kiruna- 
Riksgransen  railway,  was  computed  at  £l,181,ii0ii,  which  sum 
was  sanctioned  by  Parliament.  The  work  was  then  com- 
menced, and  has  so  far  proceeded  that  the  power  station, 
which  is  claimed  to  be  the  most  northerly  large  station  in  the 
world,  is  to  be  brought  into  operation  in  the  autumn  of  1911. 
The  station  will  contain  five  generating  sets  each  of  12.5(«i  h.p, 
and  two  of  these  will  be  for  raQway  working,  two  for  industrial 
purposes,  and  one  as  reserve.  It  is  considered  that  the  new 
electric  line  will  prove  economical  in  comparison  with  steam 
traction  from  the  beginning,  having  regard  to  the  regular 
and  increasing  traffic  on  the  line.  The  severe  Northern  climate 
will  also  be  a  thorough  test  of  the  system,  so  that  the  experience 
gained  will  be  of  advantage  when  the  electrification  of  the  lines 
further  south  is  undertaken. 

Some  discussion  has  recently  taken  place  in  Sweden  as  to  whether 
it  is  justifiable  to  reserve  the  waterfalls  for  so  many  years  for 
future  railway  traffic,  thereby  rendering  their  utilisation  impos- 
sible, especially  in  Southern  Sweden,  for  industrial  development. 
There  are,  however,  other  waterfalls  in  that  part  of  the  country 
besides  those  reserved  by  the  State  ;  and,  furthermore,  the  water 
power  available  can  be  increased  by  the  regulation  of  the  lakes. 
The  reserved  falls  are  specially  chosen,  so  that  they  may  be 
encircled  by  large  dams  and  basins,  by  which  the  power  required 
can  be  regulated  without  any  waste  of  water. 

Gekmany. — Good  progress  is  being  made  with  the  conversion  of 
the  railway  between  Magdeburg,  Leipzig  and  Halle  for  sirgle- 
phase  electric  traction,  and  it  is  expected  the  line  will  be 
ready  for  traffic  under  the  new  conditions  early  next  year. 
The  trials  on  the  convertei  section  are  to  be  extended  with 
the  view  of  gaining  further  experience,  and  also  of  training 
the  train  staff.  The  voltage  of  the  working  current  is  being 
increased  from  10,000  to  15,000  volts,  and  the  distance  between 
the  gantries  supporting  the  overhead  work  extended  from 
245  ft.  to  328  ft.,  an  arrangement  which  will  not  only  enable 
the  signals  to  be  seen  more  clearly,  but  will  reduce  the  cost 
of  porcelain  insulators.  Work  at  the  power  station  at  Mulden- 
stein  is  well  advanced.  Separate  buildings  are  being  provided  for 
the  boilers,  turbines,  generators  and  switchboard.  The  generating 
plant  will  comprise  seven  turbo-alternator  sets,  of  which  four,  each 
of  4,000- K\v.  capacity,  will  supply  current  for  the  line.  The  elec- 
trical energy  will  be  transmitted  as  single-phase  alternating 
current  at  a  voltage  of  60,000  to  three  transformer  stations  located 
at  Wahren,  Marke  and  Gommem,  the  latter  being  the  maximum 
distance  (44  miles)  away.  More  than  half  the  masts  and  crops 
girders  are  already  erected,  and  the  60,000-volt  tranfmission  is 
nearly  complete.  The  length  of  the  section  is  about  94  miles, 
representing  a  total  of,  approximately,  310  miles  of  track. 

The  work  in  connection  with  the  introduction  of  electric  traction 
en  the  Lauban-Konigs/.elt-Hirschberg-Grunthal  and  other  mountain 
railways  in  Silesia  is  making  good  progress,  and  the  generating 
station  at  Mittelsteina  is  approaching  completion.  Altfgether 
there  will  be  72  electric  locomotives  and  five  motor-car  trains,  and 
,")<i  of  the  former  and  all  the  latter  have  already  been  ordered.  The 
maximum  speed  of  the  passenger  trains  will  be  56  miles  an  hour. 
Orders  for  2i)  of  the  heavy  goods  locomotives  have  been  placed  with 
the  SiemensSchuckert  Works,  and  with  Brown,  Boveri  4:  Co.,  for 
1(1  further  locomotives,  whilst  five  motor-car  trains  are  to  be 
delivered  by  the  A. E.G.,  in  conjunction  with  the  Linke-Hofmasa 
Works.    It  is  expected  that  trials  will  begin  on  one  of  the  lines  in 


Vol.72.    No.  1,8:.7,  Junk  27,  I'Jlu.l 


THE    ELECTRICAL    IIEVLEW. 


1065 


tho  autunin,  niid  the  olhor  Hoctionfl  will  bo  brou);ht  into  oporation 
(fradimlly  an  from  the  Kpriiit;  of  11II4. 

(iKKiici';  -  -The  Socirtr  dcs  TramwayH  et  Kclairnt'o  Kl(!ctrii|UCM  dc 
Sal()iiii|im  hiiH  Hocurod  aconooH»ion  for  the  coiiHtruclion  und  working 
of  nbout  eiljht  mil^H  of  new  oloctric  tramwayH  in  the  town  of 
Salonicn. 

Pot.A.ND.^A  Hcheine  has  been  Bubmitted  to  the  authorities  of  the 
(Joverniiiont  of  I'etrikau  for  th^  conHtriiotion  of  aBysttniof  electric 
tramwayH  in  the  town  and  district  of  Sosnowice. 

IIiii.i.ANi). — It  is  proposed  to  convert  the  steam  tramway 
between  the  Ilaifue  and  Delft  for  electric  traction. 

Stain. — A  scheme  is  under  cnnniduration  in  ISarccIuna  for  the 
con'truction  of  an  electric  tube  railway  in  that  city. 

Fkancio.- -La  Sociote  dcs  Ateliers  de  Oonstructions  Elec- 
triques  du  Nord  et  do  I'Est,  of  Jeuraond  (Nord),  have  secured  an 
order  from  the  Midi  Railway  Co.,  of  France,  for  eiifht  l.rjOO-H.i'. 
electric  locomotives. 

Italy.— The  Supervisinff  Council  in  the  Italian  Ministry  of 
Public  Workti  has  given  an  affirmative  vote  in  regard  to  the  appli- 
cation for  a  concession  to  construct  an  underground  electric 
railway  between  Sampierdarenu,  (Jenoa  and  Ouarto.  It  is,  there- 
fore, expected  that  the  concession,  which  is  asked  for  70  years,  will 
shortly  be  granted.  The  promoters  are  Emilio  Rava  snd  the 
Marquis  Cattaneo  Adorno,  who  are  supported  by  a  Franco-Belgian 
group  of  financiers.  It  is  intended  to  establish  12  intermediate 
stations  on  the  railway,  which  is  to  be  ()'3  miles  in  length,  and  the 
cost  of  construction  is  estimated  at  £  1 ,200,000.  The  railway  is  to  be 
operated  on  the  direct-current  system,  and  the  power  is  to  be 
supplied  by  the  Maira  Hydraulic  Power  Co.,  which  was  formed  by 
the  Motor  Co.,  of  Baden. 

Dover. — Some  time  ago  Messrs.  Chamberlain  &  Hookham 
offered  the  Corporation  the  use,  free  of  cost  and  for  a  given  period,  of 
24  meters  for  the  purpose  of  checking  the  current  consumption  on 
tramoars.  This  period  has  now  expired,  and,  according  to  the 
general  manager,  the  saving  effected  is  more  than  sufficient  to 
cover  the  cost  of  purchasing  the  instruments,  which  he  advises  the 
Council  to  do.  The  Council  has  decided  to  adopt  this  couree.  The 
tramway  track  in  High  Street  is  to  be  relaid  immediately. 

Ediubiirirll. — The  T.V.  is  considering  the  (juestion  of 
tramway  facilities  iij  the  suburbs,  and  last  week  several  of  the 
members  inspected  a  Tilliug-Stevens  petrol-electric  'bus.  Tests 
were  satisfactorily  carried  out  on  several  steep  gradients,  and  the 
Councillors  appeared  to  be  satisfied  in  regard  to  the  adaptibility  of 
the  vehicle  for  suburban  traffic. 

Ealing.  — A  recommendation  by  the  Tramways  Special 
Committee  that  the  date  of  the  purchase  period  of  the  London 
United  Tramways  be  extended  for  a  period  of  14  years,  subject  to 
certain  conditions  embodying  the  relaying  of  the  whole  of  the 
track,  was  considered  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  T.C.  Councillor 
Schofield  moved  an  amendment  that  the  Committee's  recommenda- 
tions be  accepted  with  the  addition  that  all  the  centre  standards 
be  removed,  that  the  rails  be  contracted,  and  that  a  further  clause 
be  added  in  the  agreement  giving  the  Council  greater  power  to 
enforce  the  proper  repair  of  the  track.  This  amendment  was  car- 
ried by  11  votes  to  8.  Councillor  Farr  said  the  amendment  was 
somewhat  indefinite,  and  moved  that  the  whole  matter  be  referred 
back  for  the  purpose  of  considering  what  provisions  should  be 
inserted  in  the  agreement.  The  amendment  was  carried  as  a  sub- 
stantive motion. 

Glasgow, — The  nineteenth  annual  report  of  the  Tram- 
ways Committee  has  just  been  issued,  and  contains  a  number  of 
points  which  were  not  included  in  the  earlier  summaries  supplied 
to  the  Review.  These  include  the  statement  that  the  gross 
revenue  for  the  year  shows  an  increase  of  £29,327,  compared  with 
that  of  the  preceding  year,  and  that  the  average  traffic  revenue  per 
car-mile  has  decreased  from  10'561d.  to  lO'SGJd.  The  working 
expenses  show  an  increase  of  £.S6,70(),  equal  to  ■137d.  per  car-mile, 
mainly  due  to  increased  wages,  extra  expenditure  incurred  in 
permanent  way  maintenance,  fuel,  and  amount  paid  in  local 
taxation.  The  total  amount  of  expenditure  on  capital  account  at 
May  31st,  1913,  was  C3,694,143.  The  balanceof  tramway  debtowing 
to  the  Common  Good  now  amounts  to  £2,479,407.  The  balance  at 
the  credit  of  the  depreciation  and  permanent  way  account  was 
£2  010  282,  while  the  credit  balance  in  the  general  reserve  fund 
was  £39,362.  The  total  mileage  of  single  track  is  now  19()  miles. 
During  the  year  1 74,071  had  been  expended  on  the  upkeep  of  the 
track  in  ordinary  repairs,  and  £85,675  had  been  set  aside  out  of 
the  year's  revenue  to  meet  track  renewal.  The  total  cost  of  the 
ordinary  repairs  to  the  power  plant  and  sundry  machinery  during 
the  year  was  £5,627,  and  £35,584  was  charged  against  revenue  to 
meet  depreciation.  There  were  843  cars  in  stock,  769  being  top 
covered. 

London. — It  is  reported  that  the  Great  Northern  Rail- 
way has  come  to  an  agreement  with  the  Metropolitan  Co.  regarding 
the  future  working  of  the  Great  Northern  and  City  Line,  and  that 
the  original  intention  of  constructing  a  junction  with  the  G.N,  Co.'b 
main  line  at  Finsbury  Park,  will  now  be  carried  out,  presumably 
to  allow  that  company's  trains  to  run  through  to  Moorgate 
Street  Station. 

Paisley. — The  Paisley  District  Tramway  Co.  has  com- 
pleted an  extension  of  the  main  tramway  line  to  the  centre  of 
Eilbarchan. 

Walthamstow. — With  a  view  to  overcoming  the  swaying 
and  galloping  of  the  cars,  the  whole  of  the  latter  are  to  be  fitted 
with  half -elliptic  springs,  at  a  cost  of  £5  10s.  per  car,  the  work  to 
be  spread  over  a  period  of  two  years.    New  ends  are  to  be  fitted  to 


all  the  tramcar  axleM.  The  tramwayi  eniriuc^tr  han  Ijeen  inntructed 
to  obtain  >|U()tationa  for  the  supply  of  additional  mallcahle  Ht«el 
bearing  ■iIioIIh. 

WhJckham. — The  Oatf^Hhea*]  and  iJJHlriot  Klectric 
Tramways  Co.  has  informe<]  the  Council  of  itH  intention  to  operate 
an  experimental  Horvice  of  motor- 'busfii  in  the  CounciTH  diiitrict. 
It  adds,  however,  that  owing  to  the  exceeding  dLllculty  of  obtain- 
ing delivery  of  buHes,  it  does  not  expect  ti)  be  able  to  inaaf(arat« 
the  service  before  next  spring. 

Wiiran. — The  njport  of  the  traflic  manager  of  the  tram- 
ways for  the  year  ended  March  3lHt  RhowB  that  the  pai<t  year  ha« 
been  the  most  suocesuful  yet  recorded  since  the  inception  of  the 
electric  tramway  undertaking.  On  the  year's  working  there  in  a 
profit  of  £1,178,  as  compared  with  a  deficit  of  £1  089  during  the 
year  1911-12.  The  receipts  amounted  to  £71,2t;8,  as  against 
£()C,328,  an  increase  of  £4,939.  The  average  receipts  per  car-mile 
worked  out  to  1  r80d.,  as  compared  with  1  id.  last  year. 


TELEGRAPH  and  TELEPHONE  NOTES. 


Argentina. — A  Bill  is  before  (Congress  making  it 
obligatory  for  all  steamers  carrying  passengers,  arriving  at  or 
leaving  Argentine  ports,  to  be  fitted  with  wireless  telegraphy. 

Australia. — The  automatic  exchange  installed  at  Geelong, 
Victoria,  proved  a  success,  and  the  Government  has  now  intimated 
that  it  intends  to  install  similar  exchanges  at  Balmain,  Newtown 
and  Glebe,  in  this  State  ;  at  Perth,  in  Western  Australia  ;  and  at 
Brighton,  in  Victoria.  Altogether  these  *nd  other  outstanding 
tenders  will  run  into  about  i:  200,000. 

Canada. — A  Bill  before  the  Canadian  Parliament  pro- 
vides that  from  July  1st,  1913,  vessels  trading  from  any  Canadian 
port  carrying  50  or  more  persons,  and  plying  between  ports  more 
than  200  miles  apart  ;  or  carrying  250  or  more  persons  and  plying 
between  ports  more  than  90  miles  apart ;  or  carrying  500  or  more 
persons  and  plying  between  ports  more  than  20  miles  apart,  mast 
be  equipped  with  radio-telegraphic  apparatus,  capable  of  receiving 
and  transmitting  messages  at  least  100  miles. — Telegraiilt  and 
TeAcplwiie  Ar/c. 

Norway. — A  Committee  of  the  Storthing  has  unani- 
mously recommended  that  provided  that  certain  modifications  are 
obtainable,  sanction  be  given  to  the  contract  made  by  the  previous 
Government,  subject  to  the  Storthing's  sanction,  with  the  Marconi 
Co.  to  erect  a  large  wireless  telegraph  station  near  Stavanger  at  a 
cost  of  2,000,000  kroner,  to  communicate  with  the  wireless  station 
erected  by  the  Marconi  Co,  near  Boston. 

Puerto  Rico. — The  U.S.  Government  wireless  telegraph 

station  at  San  Juan  is  to  be  provided  with  two  additional  300-ft. 
steel  towers.  The  importance  of  this  station  will  be  greatly  increaised 
with  the  opening  of  the  Panama  Canal. 

United  States. — The  Telegraph  and  Telephone  Age 
states  that  there  are  now  over  500,0u0  telephones  in  service  in  New 
York  City,  and  67  telephone  exchanges.  'The  New  York  Telephone 
Co.  has  reduced  its  rates  between  certain  sections  of  the  city  from 
10  to  5  cents  per  message,  and  between  other  sections  from  15  to 
10  cents. 


CONTRACTS  OPEN  and  CLOSED. 


OPEN. 


Aldershot. — July  1st.  Electric  fire-alarm  call  posts 
with  telephone  services  to  each,  for  the  U.D.C.  Mr.  F.  C.  Uren, 
surveyor. 

Australia. — Victoria. — July  2;uh.     Detectors,  for  the 

P.M  G.'s  Department.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  June  20th. 

August  4th.  ((/)  Twin  surface  condensers,  hotwells,  piping  and 
sundries ;  (h)  air  and  water  extraction  pumps  and  motors  :  (c) 
circulating  water  and  sump  pumps,  with  motors,  for  the 
Melbourne  Suburban  Railways  power  house.  See  "  Official  Notices  " 
June  13th. 

September  16th. — Switchboard,  c.b.  or  automatic  or  semi- 
automatic, at  CoUingwood.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Queensland. — August  27th.  Five  sections  of  common-batt€ry 
multiple  switchboard,  for  the  P.M. G.'s  Department.  See  "OfficiiJ 
Notices"  to-day. 

September  10th, — Nine  sections  of  trunk  line  switchboard,  for 
the  P.M.G.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Western  Australia. — July  30th  and  August  6th.  Telegraph 
and  telephone  material,  for  the  P.M.G.'s  Department.  See  "Official 
Notices  "  to-day. 


1066 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [Voi.  ??.  No.  i,8.-.7,  june  27,  1913. 


July  23rd.  —  Telegraph  and  telephone  insWuments,  for  the 
.M.G.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  June  20th. 

July  23rd. — Telephone  awitchboardB  and  parte,  for  the  P.M.G. 
36  "  Official  Notices  "  June  20th. 

July  30th.— Cable,  switchboard,  for  the  P.M.G.  See  "  Official 
otices  "  to-day. 

July  19th. — Switchgrear  and   accessories   for  an  electric  power 
ation  at  Perth.     See  ''t)fficial  Notices"  to-day. 
South    Australia. — July    16th.       Telegraph    and    telephone 
aterial,  for    the    P.M.G.'s  Department.      See  "  Official   Notices  ' 
ine  20th. 

August  13th.— Common  battery  switchboards  and  telephone  parts 
)r  Adelaide.     See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 
New  SouTn  Wales. — July  9th.    Switchboards,  for  the  P.M.G. 
je  "  Official  Notices  "  May  30th. 

Austria, — Viknna. — July  ;lrd.  Tenders  are  re(]nircd 
)r  the  supply  of  an  electric  pumping  plant  with  current  trans- 
lission  lines  for  the  Gmiind  water  station.  Particulars,  plans,  &o., 
■om  the  Abteilung  f  iir  Zngsforderung  und  VVerkstattendienst  der 
.k.  Staatsbahn-direktion,  Wien. 

July  7th. — Tenders  will  be  received  for  a  variety  of  machine 
)ols  and  accessories  for  the  boiler  smithy  of  the  Simmering 
lachine  shops,  including  one  three- ton  electric  travelling  crane  ; 
le  25-ton  ditto  ;  two  ironsmith's  hearths  with  electric  fans  ;  two 
Drtable  electric  hand  boring  machines,  ko.  Particulars  (.2  kronen) 
■om  the  Abteilung  TV/4,  Fachabteilung  der  Zugslorderung  und 
'erkstiittendienst  in  Vienna. 

Belg^iuni. — July  25th.  The  Fonderie  Royale  de  Canons, 
f  Lit'ge  {SO,  Quai  Saint  Leonard).  Tenders  for  (1)  The  supply  and 
lying  of  the  cables  in  connection  with  the  electric  lighting  of  12 
)rts  in  the  Lirge  district  and  nine  in  the  Namur  area  ;  (2)  Forty- 
vo  dynamos  and  1 7  D.c.  motors  for  the  forts  in  the  Antwerp  and 
[euse  districts  ;  also  21  switchboards. 

July  7th. — Tenders  are  being  invited  by  the  municipal  authorities 
f  Fleron  (province  of  Liege)  for  the  concession  for  the  public  and 
rivate  electric  lighting  of  the  town. 

July  13th.  —  Belgian  State  Railway  authorities  at  Gand-Sud, 
hent.     Establishment  of  two  transformer  stations  at  Ostend. 

Birkenhead. — July  l  Ith.  Low-tension  main  cable,  and 
idia-rubber  lead-covered  and  armoured  service  cable  for  the 
'orporation.    See  "Official  Notices"  to-day. 

Canterbury. — June  30th.  Soaall  coal  and  large  Welsh 
:eam  navigation  coal  (about  1,750  and  .i.'jO  tons  respectively),  for 
le  Corporation  electricity  works.     Mr.  H.  Fielding,  Town  Clerk. 

Costa  Rica.  —  September.  Municipality  of  Limon. 
[ydro-electric plant,  comprising  two  Pelton  turbines  of  414  H.P., 
ivo  400-KW.  generators,  and  six  transformers.  Plans  and  par- 
icnlars  from  the  Ingeniero  Municipal,  Limon.  A  copy  of  the 
!/irrhi,  containing  some  particulars  in  Spanish,  can  be  seen  at  the 
card  of  Trade  Commercial  Intelligence  Department  in  London. 

Denmark. — A  Danish  firm  wishes  to  secure  the  repre- 
sntation  of  United  Kingdom  manufacturers  of  armatures  and 
ther  electrical  machinery.  Another  Danish  firm  wishes  to  be  put 
ito  touch  with  United  Kingdom  makers  of  electric  fittings  of 
orcelain  or  faience  with  gold  decorations  for  fixing  to  ceilings, 
ommunications  regarding  these  inquiries  should  be  addressed  to 
he  Danish  Consulate-General  in  London,  8  and  9,  Byward  Street, 
reat  Tower  Street,  B.C. — Board  of  Trade  Juiiriutl. 

Altosa. — The  Harbour  authorities  will  be  shortly  placing  orders 
3r  electric  cranes,  iVc.  Particulars  of  the  Havencommission, 
.Itona,  Denmark. 

Derby.  —  Steam  coal  for  the  Electricity  Department, 
lorough  Electrical  Engineer,  Full  Street,  Derby. 

Eccles. — June  28th.  Electric  lighting  of  Green  Lane 
ouncil  School,  Patricroft.  Mr.  S.  H.  Neave,  Secretary  to  the 
Idncation  Committee. 

Elland. — luly  2nd.  Street  lighting  lanterns,  for  the 
r.D.C.    See  "Official  Notices"  June  13th. 

Fleetwood. — June  .^>Oth.  Extension  of  boiler  house  at 
be  electricity  works.  Copse  Road.    Surveyor  to  U.D.C,  Town  Hall 

France.  —  July  22nd.  The  French  State  Railway 
uthorities  (Service  Electriciue,  2me  division),  43,  Rue  de  Rome, 
aris,  are  inviting  tenders  for  the  supply  of  the  necessary  plant 
)r  the  Paria-Vaugirard  transformer  sub-station. 

Limerick. — July  3rd.  Switchboard  and  gallery,  battery, 
notor-driven  booster,  balancer.  &c.,  for  the  County  Boroagh 
louncil.    See  "Official  Notices"  .lune  13th. 

Lincoln. — June  30th.  Cobbles  and  slack  coal,  for  the 
orporation  electricity  works,  for  a  year.  Electrical  Engineer, 
rayford  Side  North. 

London. — L.C.C. — July  2nd.     Electrical  installation  at 

lie  Caldecot  Road  Elementary  School,  Denmark  Hill,  Camberwell 
Ut2  lighting  points).  See  "Official  Notices"  June  13th. 
Stepney. — July  3rd.  The  Electricity  Committee  invites  tenders 
3r  two  E.ii.T.  converting  plants  suitable  for  O.OOO-volt  three-phase 
.c.  to  L.T.,  D.c.  for  Limehouse  and  Whitechapel  stations.  See 
Official  Notices"  June  13th. 


June  30th. — Arc  lamp  carbons,  for  a  year,  for  the  Borough 
Council.     See  "Official  Notices"  June  13th. 

Hackney. — July  24th.  Extra-n.x.  ring  main  conduits,  sub- 
station plant,  switohgear  and  cranes,  for  the  B.C.  electricity 
department.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  June  20th. 

H.M.  Offjce  ok  AVobks. — Incandescent  electric  lamps  for  one 
year.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  June  20th. 

Luton, — July  2nd.  Extensions  to  the  electricity  works 
for  the  T  C.     Mr.  W.  H.  Cooke,  electrical  engineer,  St.  Mary's  Road. 

Manchester.  —  July  2nd.  Stuart  Street  Generating 
Station  ;  water-softening  and  filtering  plant.  Mr.  S.  L.  Pearce, 
chief  electrical  engineer  ;  Mr.  F.  E.  Hoghes,  secretary,  Electricity 
Department. 

Newport  (Mon.). — July  1st.  Refuse  destructor  for  the 
T.C.     Borough  Engineer,  Town  Hall. 

Oldham. — One  2,000-kw.  steam  turbine,  coupled  to 
extra-u.'i'.  A.c.  generator,  also  barometric  condenser,  pumps,  &c., 
for  the  Corporation.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  .Tune  20th. 

June  30th. — Electric  light  installation  at  Richmond  Street  new 
schools,  for  the  Borough  Education  Committee.  Mr.  Thos.  Hilton, 
architect,  7,  Union  Street,  Oldham. 

Ramsey  (Hunts.). — June  30th.     Street  lighting,  for  the 

U.D.C.     Mr.  R.  F.  Serjeant,  Clerk. 

Roscrea. — July  nth.  Roscrea  Ikcon  T'actory,  Ltd., 
invite  tenders  for  buildings,  gas  engine  and  suction  plant,  dynamos, 
battery,  switchboard,  overhead  feeders,  mains  and  street  lamps,  for 
the  electric  lighting  of  the  town.    See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Rotherham. — July  8th.  Tramway  stores,  coal,  cable 
and  meters,  for  the  Corporation.     See  "Official  Notices"  June  20th. 

Sal  ford. — July  9th.  Two-phase  switchgcar,  Scott  trans- 
formers and  regulators,  for  the  Electricity  Department.  See 
"  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 

Scarboroug'h. — July  12th.  Electric  light  installation 
at  the  Workhouse  and  Infirmary,  for  the  B.G.  (about  360  lights). 
Tennant  and  Barrs,  consulting  engineers.  Cathedral  Buildings, 
Dean  Street,  Newcastle-on-Tyne  (returnable  deposit  of  €5). 

Spain. — July  fith.  Municipal  authorities  of  Almedinelli 
(Province  of  Cordoba)  for  the  concession  for  the  electric  lighting 
of  the  town  during  a  period  of  10  years. 

Stoke-on-Trent. — Coal  and  slack  for  a  year  for  the  Cor- 
poration electricity  works.  Electrical  Engineer,  St.  Peter's 
Chambers,  Glebe  Street,  Stoke. 

West  Ham, — July  lOth.  Electric  light  installations  for 
the  Forest  House  branch  workhouse  and  Forest  House  cottages, 
Leytonstone,  for  the  Union.     See  "  Official  Notices  "  to-day. 


CLOSED. 

Barnes. — The  U.D.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  ^lessrs. 
Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd.,  for  an  extension  to  the  switch- 
board, at  £  1 .50  ;  and  that  of  the  Albion  Clay  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  ducts  for 
feeder  extensions  at  East  Sheen,  at  Ss.  5d.  per  yard. 

Belgium. — Nine  concerns — five  German,  one  British 
(W.  T.  Henley's  Telegraph  Works,  London),  two  Belgian  and  one 
French — last  week  submitted  tenders  to  the  Belgian  telegraph 
authorities  in  Brussels  for  the  supply  of  ."),234  metres  of  telegraph 
cable,  the  lowest  being  that  of  the  Rheydt  Kabehverk  Gesellsohaft, 
of  Rheydt,  Germany. 

Buenos  Ayres. — The  Auer  Gesellschaft  (Berlin)  have 
secured  the  contract  for  the  supply  of  70,000  Osram  lamps  for  the 
street  lighting  of  the  city. 

China. — ^lessrs.  1  lick-Diesel  Oil  Engines,  Ltd.,  have 
received  a  contract  for  one  200-kw.  Hick-Diesel  set  for  the  Kwang 
Tung  Electric  Supply  Co.,  Ltd.,  Canton. 

Glasgow. — The  T.C.  Electricity  Committee  has  recom- 
mended acceptance  of  the  following  contracts  for  the  year 
1013-14  :— 

single  cables  and  low-tension  cablea.— Callender's  Cable  and  Construction 
Co.,  Ltd. 

Extm-hightensioD  cables.— W.  T.  Glover  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

Rubber-covered  cables.-  Craigpark  Electric  Cable  Co.,  Ltd. 

Flexiblca.— Callender's  Cable  and  Construction  Co.,  Ltd. 

Arc  lamp  carbons.  — Sloan  Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 

Yellow  name  arc  lamp  carbons.— C.  W.  Webster. 

Meters.- British  Thomson-Houston  Co.,  Ltd.;  Chamberlain  &  Hookliam, 
Ltd.;  Ferranti,  Ltd. 

For  providing  and  erecting  economisers  at  Port  Dundas  and 
St.  Andrew's  Cross  generating  .stations  the  offers  of  Messrs.  E.  Green 
and  Sons.  Ltd.,  amounting  to  £2,705  and  £1,848  respectively,  have 
been  accepted,  while  the  tenders  of  Messrs.  Musgrave  &  Co., 
amounting  to  £r)75  and  £fi79  respectively,  for  providing  and  erecting 
induced-draught  fans  for  the  new  boilers  at  Port  Dundas  and 
St.  Andrew's  Cross  stations  have  also  been  accepted.  The  Baloke 
Co.'s  offer  to  provide  air  filters  for  the  two  stations  mentioned,  at 
£220  each,  has  been  closed  with. 


* 


Vol.72.  No.  i,8.-.7,  jdnk  27.  1913.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW, 


1067 


Tho  T.C.  Tramwayp,  WorkH  and  HtorcB  Committee  rccommoiulH 
the  aQoeptanoo  of  the  followinif  :  — 

Oofti-  wliopln.     10.  \V.  niiHH  Co.  iin<l  W.  0.  Viillln  A  Co.,  f.td. 

CiiHt  iron  KiiltrrH,  .He,  tor  KlominK  Htri'Ot.-  W.  MaoFfirlftno  .V  Co.,  Ltd. 

CsiuiiiiipiiuiitH,  inotorB.  Ap.     Bricinh  WfHtinKhoilBi' Co.,  I.Ul. 

Cnr  iKiiilpniriits,  pontDllciH.  -IJiitiah  TlioniKonHouiilon  Co.,  Ltd. 

Ilastintrs. — The  'I\('.,  on  .luno  20tli,  accepted  the  tender 
of  the  Oliver  Arc  Lamp  Co.,  Ltd.,  for  loD.ooo  pairH  of  carbons  for 
Oritlainmo  aro  lamps,  at  £2   \Xa.  per  1,000  pairH. 

IIml«lers(ield.— The  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted 

the  follow inir  tenders  :  — 

Cahip,  Borvi™  anil  bitumen -L  Frftnkenl)urK  .t  Co.;    oonoentric,  W.  T. 
Olover  &  Co. 

London. — Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  AVorks,  Ltd., 

of  Dalston,  have  secured  the  following:  contracts  : — 

Drpivt  Nonhern  Railway  Co.— Diawn-wirp  niotal-fllBiiipnt  lamiisand  carbon- 

lllamont  lamps  for  12  montlis. 
War  onioc.— Ptandiird  earlion-lilament  lamps. 
Purthpr  pontract  from  the  Royal  Mail  Steam  Packet  Co.  tor  marine  traction 

typo  tantalum  lamps  for  12  moiithB. 

St.  Panchas.— The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  E.  F. 
Moy,  Ltd.,  at  £98,  for  a  supply  of  testinjr  panels  :  also  the  tender 
of  the  Electrical  Tower  Storage  Co.,  at  CSfi,  for  cells.  For  an 
annual  supply  of  coal  the  Electricity  Committee  has  accepted  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  J.  IT.  Beattie  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  as  follows  ;— lO.dOO  tons 
Ilaunchwood  beat  hard,  18s.  Id.  per  ton;  15,000  tons  Mansfield 
nutty  slack,  1.5s.  7d.  per  ton. 

Stki'NKV.  -The  B.C.  has  accepted  the  tender  of  Messrs.  Forbes, 
Abbott  ,t  Lennard,  Ltd.,  for  a  supply  of  .')0  tons  of  moulded  pitch 
for  use  in  the  electricity  department,  at  5ls.  per  ton. 

SouTiiw  AUK.— The  B.C.  has  received  the  following  tenders  for 
annual  supplies  of  various  cables,  &c.  : — 

Electrical  EnRinecring  and  Equipment  Co.,  Ltd f.'>.189 

.Jolmson  ,*  Miillips fi.286 

Western  Electric  Co..  Ltd S.'lfi 

W.  T.  Govcr&Co.,  Ltd 5.210 

Pirelli,  ltd E,.'n7 

Oeneral  Cable  Manufacturing  Co.  4,0.35 

Hen'ey's  Tcleeraph  Co.,  Ltd.  (cut  of  order,  and  not  considered!    5,in3 
Callender's  Cable  and  Constru'tion  Co.,  Ltd.  (out  of  order,  and 

not  considered)  ..         ..         ..         ..     5, .530 

Siemens  Bros.  &  Co.,  Ltd.    ..'       ..        f'.'lS 

R.  R.  Todd  5,169 

British  Insulated  and  Helsby  Cables,  Ltd (accepted)    .5,031 

Union  Cable  Co.,  Ltd.  5,358 

Orkney. — Messrs.  S.  ]5aikie  &  Son,  Ltd.,  Kirkwall,  have 
secured  the  Admiralty  contract  for  the  erection  of  a  wireless  signal 
station  at  Brough,  South  Ronaldshay. 

Peterborongh. — At  Tuesday's  T.C.  meetinjr  a  report  was 
submitted  by  a  committee,  also  one  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Fleraing,  with 
regard  to  tenders  for  the  extensions  to  the  works.  Dr.  Fleming 
advised  the  acceptance  of  the  lowest  tenders  in  each  case.  These 
were  : — Messrs.  F.  Danks  for  Lancashire  boilers,  £1,163  (16  tenders 
submitted) ;  for  turbo-generator  of  500-kw.  capacity,  Messrs. 
Willans  &  Robinson,  and  Siemens— disk  and  drum  turbine, 
coupled  direct  to  Siemens  direct  current  generator  (price  not  stated, 
eight  tenders).  The  consulting  engineer  wrote  in  highly  eulogistic 
terms  of  the  firms  mentioned,  and  of  the  proved  reliability  of  their 
manufactures.  He  also  added  that  on  examining  the  works,  of 
which  he  was  the  original  consultant,  he  found  the  plant  in  good 
order  and  repair,  and  giving  excellent  results  from  an  economical 
point  of  view. 

Rochdale. — The  Corporation  tramways  department  has 
ordered  tantalum  traction  type  lamp<(  for  the  ensuing  12  months 
from  Messrs.  Siemens  Bros.  Dynamo  Works,  Ltd. 

A^  altliamstow. — The.  U.D.C.  has  received  the  following 
tenders  for  a  natural  draught  cooling  tower  at  the  electricity 
works  :  — 

Midland  Engineering  Co.  £^,M5 

Klein  Engineering  Co.  (1908),  Ltd 1,442 

Worthington  Pump  Co.,  Ltd 1,800 

Zylba  Engineering  Co 1,300 

Hudson  Economiser  Co.  (1907),  Ltd 1,706 

Balcke  A  On.,  Ltd 1,254 

Davenport  Engineering  Co 1,B28 

.Tarvis  Bros.,  Ltd " V  1,423 

Blasberg  Engio'ering  Co.,  Ltd.            9.50 

Kater  &  Ankersmit        (accepted)  800 


PORTHCOMINO    EVENT8. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS 

(LONDON    DIVISION). 


Commanding  Officer — Liedt.-Col.  H.  M.  Leaf, 
The  following  orders  have  been  issued  for  the  current  week : — 

Monday,  June  30th.—"  A  "  Company.    Infantry  drill,  7  to  9  p.m. ;  technical 
instruction  for  all  members  on  the  5th  rate,  and  for  all  candidates  for 
higher  rating,  7  to  9  p.m. 
Tuesday,  July  1st.—"  B  "  Company.    Ditto. 
Thursday,  July  3rd.—"  C  "  Company.    Ditto. 
Friday,  July  4lh. — "  D "  Company.    Ditto. 

Saturday.  July  5th.— All  Companies.  Royal  Review.  The  corps  will 
parade  at  Headquarters  at  a  time  to  be  notified  later.  Dress:  Service 
dre-s,  cap,  jacket,  trousers,  putties,  black  hoots,  haversack,  water-bottle 
(filled),  belt,  frog,  rifle  and  sling,  bayonet,  greatcoat  rolled,  carried  on 
liBck  of  belt  by  two  great-coat  st  aps  (these  must  be  obtained  from 
Headquarters  as  early  as  possible).  A  haversack  ration  will  be  issued 
to  all  N.C.O.'s  and  men  on  arrival  at  Headquarters. 

'  (Signed)        P.  H.  Campbell.  Capt.  R.E.,  Adjutant, 

For  Officer  commanding  L.B.E. 


PbyHlcol   Society  of   l.ond<in. -Friday,  Jur.e  ■J7ih.     Ai   i »  p.m.     At  tn* 
Niitioiial  I'livicul  L.il...i,ii,ry,  'Ip.|dlni(l-ii.    ln»p«pll(.n  of  work  In  prf«frct«. 
Junior  InHtitutlon  of   Englneers.-Erlday,  .Inly  Ui>.     I'eav-   London   lor 
pxiMirNJon  to  lirii(iH-*lH. 

Hiitunlay,  .July  5th.     Vlnit  to  Ohnnt  Eihihilion. 

Hiinduy,  July  tilh.     EicumionH  to  Dinaol,  thij  Valley  of  Ihc  Meiae.  ttic 
Field  ol  Waterloo  or  Antwerp. 

Monday,  July  7lh.     Vinit  to  placnn  of  inUriml  in  BruMialii.     Kcluro  to 
Iioiiilon  in  till'  evening. 
Sairord  Technical   and   EnKlneering   Asaoclatlon.-Haiurday,  Joly   Slh. 
\  iait  to  Central  l-'Ire  Htnliun,  London  Koad,  ManeheRter. 


NOTES. 


in  I,.M.E..i.  IMiotosraph.— On  page  1(»70  we  reproduce 

a  group  of  Municipal  lUectrical  visitors  taken  at  Ilampton  Court 
during  the  recent  Convention.  The  original  photograph,  which 
was  taken  by  Messrs.  Geo.  T.  Jones  &  Son,  of  Surbiton  Park  Terrace, 
Kingston-on-Thames,  is  a  really  excellent  specimen  of  photographic 
art,  copies  of  which  can  be  obtained  from  the  firm  mentioned. 

t'^M>  Still  Ke(|Uired. — We  have  no  definite  news  this 
week  regarding  further  promises  for  the  Electrical  Trades  Benevolent 
Institution.  There  is,  therefore,  still  £2.50  wanted  in  order  to 
complete  the  sum  necessary.    The  time  is  getting  short  now. 

Copi)er. — The  visible  supplies  continue  to  diminish 
without,  apparently,  affecting  the  market.  Messrs.  Merton's  mid- 
monthly  circular  shows  stocks  in  Kagland.  France,  and  afloat 
thereto,  29,271  tons,  a  reduction  of  323  tons  for  the  fortnight. 
English  stocks  having  transferred  .578  tons,  the  difference  is  made 
up  by  increased  quantities  afloat.  The  more  extended  European 
supplies  (including  Rotterdam,  Hamburg,  Bremen  and  estimates  for 
other  ports)  were  at  41.173  tons,  a  drop  of  514  tons  on  the  same  for 
May  31st.  The  existence  of  this  substantial  quantity  may  explain 
the  apparent  alteration  in  influence  of  European  supplies. 

Arrivals  from  Xorth  America  to  Europe  were  low  at  12,001  tons, 
and  Spain  and  Portugal  have  given  a  small  quantity  during  the 
fortnight.  Chile  shipments  are  about  average  :  Australian  the  same. 
Total  deliveries  are  low.  as  would  be  expected  after  the  heavy  turn- 
over of  last  month. 

Stock  in  American  producers'  hands  for  May  31st,  as  published  by 
the  American  Producers'  Association,  was  30,122  tons,  a  reduction 
of  3,606  tons  on  the  preceding  month.  The  total  visible  supply 
(May  31st)  amounted  to  70,300  tons,  or  7.247  tons  less  than  for  the 
end  of  April. 

The  American  Society  for  Electrical  Deyelopment.— 

At  this  Society's  annual  meeting,  held  inChicago  on  June  2nd,  some  of 
the  by-laws  of  the  Society  were  amended,  the  most  important  being 
an  amendment  of  Article  IV,  upon  which  is  based  the  subscription 
payable  by  the  members  of  the  Society.  Manufacturers  and 
central  stations  have  been  paying  one-fifth  of  1  per  cent,  of  their 
annual  business,  contractors  and  jobbers  one-twentieth  of  1  per 
cent,  of  their  annual  business.  Some  considerable  objection  has 
been  raised  to  this  plan  because  it  discloses  the  amount  of  the 
annual  business  of  the  member.  A  new  system  of  classification  has 
been  worked  out  which  enables  a  man  to  go  into  the  Society 
without  divulging  too  closely  what  his  annual  business  amounts  to, 
and  at  the  same  time  permits  of  fluctuations  in  his  business  from 
year  to  year  without  disclosing  the  same  in  his  annual  subscription. 

During  the  Friday  morning  session  of  the  National  Electric 
Light  Association  Convention,  June  6th,  Mr.  Wakeman  read  a  paper 
on  the  plans  and  aims  of  the  Society  for  Electrical  Development. 
During  the  discussion  which  followed,  Mr.  Henry  L.  Doherty,  the 
President  of  the  Society,  delivered  an  address  upon  the  necessity 
for  the  full  co-operation  of  the  central  stations  with  the  movement. 

During  the  recent  slogan  contest,  inaugurated  by  the  Society  for 
the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  slogan,  2,675  replies  were  received  from 
all  over  the  United  States,  indicating  the  widespread  interest  taken 
in  it  by  the  public.  The  slogan  selected  was  "  Do  it  Electrically." 
It  is  expected  that  all  the  members  of  the  Society  will  use  the 
slogan  in  all  their  advertising,  also  upon  their  stationery,  .<>;c.  The 
membership  of  the  Society  now  numbers  198,  and  we  are  informed 
that  the  success  of  the  Society  is  assured. 

Electricity  in  Brazilian  Mines.— The  directors  of  the 

St.  John  Del  Key  Mining  Co..  Ltd.,  in  their  report,  say  that  the 
demand  for  skilled  workers  is  increasing  in  Brazil,  and  the  diflSculty 
of  obtaining  the  full  supply  of  labour  necessary  for  working  the 
mine  to  the  greatest  advantage  under  present  conditions  may  con- 
tinue or  recur.  Mr.  Chalmers  is.  therefore,  of  opinion  that  further 
labour  saving  appliances  should  be  introduced.  With  this  object 
in  view,  he  and  the  staff  have  given  a  large  amount  of  study 
to  the  existing  arrangement  of  the  machinery  and  plant  below  and 
above  ground,  and  he  has  forwarded  special  reports  making  various 
important  suggestions.  One  proposal  is  to  orive  the  winding  and 
hauling  engines  at  and  below  horizon  VIII  directly  by  electric 
power  instead  of  by  compressed  air.  Mr.  Chalmers  estimates  that 
the  saving  of  power  to  be  effected  by  this  change  would  be 
sufficient  to  drive  machine  drills  for  the  whole  of  the  rock  drilling, 
thus  saving  a  number  of  hand  borers.  As  highly  technical  questions 
arise  in  connection  with  this  proposal,   the  opinions  of  electrical 


1068 


TBIF     EliECTRlCAL    BEVIEW.       [voi.  72.  No.  i.s..?,  june  27,  1913. 


enpineers  most  experienced  in  the  claes  of  work  under  considera- 
tion, have  been  obtained  and  forwarded  to  Morro  Velho.  Mr. 
Chalmers  will  now  report  finally  with  specifications  of  plant 
required,  as  the  board  have  approved  in  principle  his  su^crestion  to 
convert  in  the  first  instance  the  "  G  ''  i-haft  eng:ines  and  one  winzs 
engine  to  electric  drive.  If,  after  thorough  trial,  the  results  are 
satisfactory,  the  question  of  converting  other  undererronnd  engines 
will  be  considered.  The  saving  of  power  is  valuable,  even  apart 
from  the  shortage  of  labour. 

International    Enjcineeriiis:   Con$rre$s,    l!M->.  —  In 

connection  with  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition  which 
will  be  held  in  San  Francisco  in  191."),  there  will  be  an  International 
Engineering  Congress,  in  which  engineers  throughout  the  world 
will  be  invited  to  participate.  The  Congress  is  to  be  conducted 
under  the  auspices  of  the  following  five  National  engineering  socie- 
ties : — The  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  American  Institute 
of  Mining  Engineers,  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers, 
American  Institute  of  Electrical  Eogineers,  and  the  Society  of 
Naval  Architects  and  Marine  Engineers.  These  societies,  acting 
in  co-operation,  have  appointed  a  permanent  Committee  of  Manage- 
ment, consisting  of  the  presidents  and  secretaries  of  each  of  these 
societies,  and  18  members  resident  in  San  Francisco. 

The  papers  presented  at  the  Congress  will  naturally  be  divided 
into  groups  or  sections.  During  the  Congress  each  section  will 
hold  independent  sessions,  which  will  be  presided  over  by  a  chair- 
man eminent  in  the  branches  of  engineering  covered  by  his  fection. 
The  scope  of  the  Congress  has  not  as  yet  been  definitely  deter- 
mined, but  it  is  hoped  to  make  it  widely  representative  of  the  best 
engineering  practice  throughout  the  world,  and  it  is  intended  that 
the  papers,  discussions  and  proceedings  shall  constitute  an  ade- 
quate review  of  the  progress  made  during  the  past  decade  and  an 
authoritative  pre.'^entation  of  the  latest  developments  and  most 
approved  practices  in  the  various  branches  of  engineering  work. 
Prof.  W.  Dnraod  is  chairman  of  the  Committee,  and  Mr.  \V.  A. 
Cattell.  secretary-treasurer.  The  executive  oflSces  are  at  Foxcroft 
Building,  6S,  Post  Street,  San  Francisco. 

Fatalities. — The  inquiry  into  the  cause  of  the  death  of 
Mr.  Frederick  D.  HasdelL  engineer  at  the  Blaydon  sub-station  of 
the  Newcastle-on-Tyne  Electric  Supply  Co.,  was  concluded  before 
Deputy- Coroner  Lisle,  at  Newcastle  Infirmary,  on  June  18th. 
The  deceased  died  as  the  result  of  an  accident  at  the  station 
on  May  1st.  Mr.  M.  F.  Sheedy,  an  electrical  engineer,  stated  that 
before  HasdeU  went  to  Blaydon,  he  was  assistant  engineer  at 
Jarrow  and  at  Pandon  Dene  (Newcastle).  He  was  a  most  reliable 
worker,  and  had  been  with  the  Electric  Supply  Co.  since  1906. 
Witness  produced  a  plan  of  Blaydon  sub-station,  and  explained  the 
working  of  two  transformers.  One  of  these  had  only  jnst  been 
put  in,  and  it  was  while  deceased  was  connecting  the  cables  from 
the  new  transformer  to  the  switchboard  that  the  accident  occurred. 
On  the  morning  of  May  1st,  witness  rang  up  Hasdell.  and  asked 
how  the  work  was  going  on.  Hasdell  replied  that  he  had  got  the 
high-tension  side  connected,  and  that  all  that  remained  was  to 
connect  up  the  low-tension  side.  Witness  asked  him  how  he 
intended  to  do  it,  and  he  said  he  would  do  it  at  the  back  of  the 
low-tension  board.  Witness  told  Hasdell  that  it  ought  not  to  be 
there,  but  ought  to  be  done  in  the  transformer  chamber  ;  he  should 
not  go  behind  the  panels.  On  receiving  notice  of  an  accident  an 
hour  later,  he  went  to  the  substation  and  found  two  transformer 
switches  fused.  An  arc  had  been  set  up,  and  a  great  flame  must 
have  been  caused  which  had  burned  Hasdell.  The  top  of  the  step- 
ladder  also  was  burned.  Robert  Lynd,  an  electrician,  who  was 
working  with  Hasdell,  said  he  knew  it  was  dangerous  to  go 
behind  the  switchboard,  but  he  had  to  obey  Hasdell. 
The  first  time  they  went  in,  the  connections  were  wrong, 
and  the  two  of  them  went  out  again.  When  they  went 
back,  Ha'dell  asked  witness  to  push  the  step-ladder  along 
under  the  terminals.  While  the  testing  was  going  on  for  a  third 
time,  Hasdell  said,  "'  I  think  they  are  all  right  now.""  Then  there 
was  a  great  flash  and  a  terrible  noise.  Witness  was  burned  about 
the  face  and  arms,  but  was  able  to  go  out  for  help.  When  h '. 
returned  he  saw  Hasdell  creeping  out  in  flames.  Two  men  arrived 
with  a  carpet  with  which  the  flames  were  extinguished.  Philip 
WiUiams,  the  engineer  who  preceded  Hasdell  at  the  Blaydon 
sub-station,  said  he  told  deceased  that  he  must  not  go  behind  the 
switchboard.  He  had  received  this  order  from  the  company,  and  it 
WM  filed  at  Blaydon.  The  infirmary  house-surgeon  said  death  was 
due  to  shock  following  the  burns.  A  juror  expressed  the  opinion 
that  the  Supply  Co.  should  have  boards  exhibited  at  the  sub- 
stations warning  employes  against  going  behind  the  switchboard, 
and  a  representative  of  the  company  said  that  this  was  being  done. 
The  jury  found  a  verdict  of  'Accidental  death." 

An  inquest  was  held  last  week  into  the  death  of  Fredk.  C  jward, 
of  Acton  Green,  who  fell  from  a  scaffold  whilst  employed  at  the 
electric  generating  station.  Canning  Town.  The  medical  evidence 
showed  that  death  was  due  to  apoplexy  and  a  contracted  kidney, 
accelerated  by  the  accident.     A  verdict  was  returned  accordingly. 

Association    of  Electrical    (Station)   Enpoeers. — 

A  general  meeting  was  held  at  Chandos  Hall,  London,  on  Tuesday 
last.  Mr.  Cbaa.  F.  Wade  was  in  the  chair,  supported  by  the  London 
firganising  Committee  and  the  delegates  from  the  provinces. 

The  meeting  was  opened  with  the  secretary's  report  of  th-^  con- 
ference of  delegates  (representing  the  United  Kingdom),  with  the 
London  Organising  Committee.  He  sta'.ed  that  the  following 
representatives  were  present:  Mr.  G.  D.  Cos  (Manchester), 
Mr.  A  W.  Lament  (Glasgow),  Mr.  E  A.  Gordon  (Birmingham), 
Mr.  A.  C.  Black  (Liverpool),  Mr.  R.  D.  Spnrr  (Bradford),  Mr.  W.  M. 
Fowler  (Grimsby),  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Thomas  (Manchester),  and  that 


a  number  of  alterations  had  been  made  in  the  rules  as  sabmitted  to 
the  last  general  meeting,  the  principal  alteration  being  that  the  word 
station  was  deleted  from  the  title  of  the  Associatim,  which  became 
the  Axsmiatiii/i  of  Elei-tnciil  F.iitjinei'is  ;  the  principal  reason  for 
this  was  that  a  large  number  of  men  ia  positions  clost-ly  alliel 
to  station  work  were  anxious  to  join  the  Association,  bat  could 
hardly  be  termed  "  station  engineers.  "  The  unanimous  opinion 
of  the  Conference  was  that  it  would  be  advantageous  to  the  general 
welfare  of  all  engineers  holding  responsible  positions  in  electrical 
undertakings  if  these  men  were  admitted  to  the  Association. 

The  Secretary  also  stated  that  the  policy  of  the  Association,  as 
shown  by  the  "objects,"  was  as  follows  :  — 

1.  To  raise  the  efficiency  and  general. status  of  members  of  this 
Association. 

2.  To  obtain  adequate  remuneration  compatible  with  local  con- 
ditions and  responsibility. 

3.  To  obtain  a  <>-day  week  of  employment  for  employes  of  all 
electrical  stations,  the  maximum  average  week  to  consist  of  48  hours, 
and  that  where  better  conditions  prevail  they  be  upheld. 

4.  To  endeavour  to  obtain  legislation  to  enforce  the  giving  of 
personal  testimonials. 

.0.  To  enforce  that  the  Home  Office  Regulations  be  carried  out  in 
every  case  with  regard  to  electrical  stations, 

•3.  To  abolish  the  employment  of  pupils  and  apprentices  in 
responsible  positions  in  electrical  stations. 

7.  To  form  an  information  bureau  for  the  general  assistance  of 
members  and  employers. 

8.  To  provide  legal  a-ssistance  for  members  when  necessary  (so 
far  as  is  allowed  by  law)  in  matters  appertaining  to  their  employ- 
ment, and  for  receiving  compensation  for  members  who  suffer 
injury  by  accident  in  their  employment. 

y.  To  obtain  for  all  men  in  electrical  stations  who  are  on  duty 
on  all  public  holidays,  including  Christmas  Day  and  Good  Friday, 
time  off  in  lien  thereof,  and  to  obtain  a  minimum  of  14  consecutive 
days"  annual  leave. 

10.  To  endeavour  to  obtain  facilities  for  shift  men  to  attend 
classes,  lectures,  iVc. 

11.  To  provide  means  for  social  intercourse  amongst  its  members 
for  their  improvement,  advancement  and  recreation. 

A  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Thomfi",  entitled  ''  The  Status  of 
Electrical  Station  Engineers  and  the  Need  of  an  Association," 
which  was  followed  by  a  very  interesting  discussion. 

The  following  resolution  was  put  to  the  meeting  and  carried 
unanimously  : — "  That  this  meeting  of  electrical  engineers,  repre- 
senting stations,  kc,  throughout  the  L'nited  Kingdom,  welcomes 
the  advent  of  the  Association  of  Electrical  Engineers,  realising  that 
only  by  such  an  Association,  and  by  thorough  organisation,  will  the 
conditions  of  electrical  engineers  be  improved.  Further,  we  pledge 
ourselves  to  support  the  Association  in  every  practicable  way 
possible." 

A  vote  of  thanks  was  passed  to  the  chief  engineers  who 
kindly  granted  leave  of  absence  to  the  various  delegates  to  enable 
them  to  attend  the  conference  and  general  meeting. 

■\'otes  of  thanks  were  also  passed  to  Mr.  .T.  H.  Thomas  for  his 
paper,  to  the  delegates,  and  to  the  indefatigable  secretary,  Mr. 
W.  J.  Ebben,  for  their  services  on  behalf  of  the  Association. 

Receiving  this  report  whilst  going  to  press,  we  are  unable  to 
comment  upon  it  at  length  :  but  we  take  the  first  opportunity  of 
expressing  our  opinion  that  the  adoption  of  a  new  title,  differing 
only  slightly  from  that  of  the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers, 
was  a  very  unfoitunate  and  ill-advised  proceeding,  and  is  likely  to 
prove  highly  detrimental  to  the  future  of  the  Association.  If  any 
attempt  is  made  to  incorporate  the  latter,  there  can  be  little  doubt 
that  the  Board  of  Trade  will  insist  upon  a  change  of  title. — 
Eds.  Elec.  Rev.] 

Errors  of  Supply  Meters. — The  Board  of   Trade  has 

issued  the  following  statement  regarding  the  limits  of  error  for 
meters  : — The  Board  of  Trade  hereby  allow  the  following  limits  of 
error  for  electricity  meters,  the  construction  and  pattern  of  which 
have  already  been  or  may  hereafter  be  approved  by  the  Biardof 
Trado,  and  which  belong  to  the  classes  of  meters  capable  of  ascer- 
taining the  value  of  the  supply  on  continuous-current  or  on  single- 
phase  alternating-current  circuits  :  — 

^feters  in  which  the  maximum  current  for  full  load  : — 

(«)  Does  not  exceed  3  amperes,  the  error  at  any  point  from  one- 
tenth  load  to  full  load  must  not  exceed  8J  per  cent,  plus  or  minus. 

0>)  Exceeds  3  amperes,  but  does  not  exceed  .50  amperes,  the  error 
at  any  point  from  one-tenth  load  to  full  load  must  not  exceed  2J 
per  cent,  plus  or  minus. 

((■)  Exceeds  .50  amperes,  the  error  at  any  point  from  one-twentieth 
load  to  one-tenth  load  must  not  exceed  2'.  per  cent,  plus  ;  and  at 
any  point  from  one-tenth  load  to  full  load  must  not  exceed  2}  per 
cent,  plus  or  minus. 

The  Marconi  Committee's  Report. — The  result  of  the 

debate  on  the  report  of  the  Select  Committee  in  the  House  of 
Commons  last  week  was  a  party  division  on  a  Liberal  amendment 
to  a  motion  put  forward  by  the  Opposition.  The  amendment 
stated  that  the  House,  after  hearing  the  statements  of  the 
A'tfirney-Generaland  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  in  reference 
to  their  purchase  of  shares  in  the  Marconi  Co.  of  America,  accepted 
their  expressions  of  regret  that  such  purchases  were  made  and  were 
not  mentioned  in  the  debate  of  October  1 1th:  acquitted  the  in  of 
acting  otherwise  than  in  good  faith  ;  and  reprobated  the  charges  of 
corruption  brought  against  Ministers,  which  had  been  proved  to  be 
wholly  false.     It  was  passed  by  a  majority  of  78. 

{O'ntinved  on  page  1073.) 


Vol.  Ti.     No.  1,H.,7,  Jink 


TRK     la.K.CTmCAL    RpyVTFAV 


Of;o 


MEMORIALS    TO    LORD    KELVIN. 


It  will  1)0  si.x  years  next  December  since  William  Thom.son, 
I^aron  Kelvin  of  l-nrfi;H,  died.  Since  tlien  nothint;  lias 
occniTcd  Lo  ioHseii  l\w  world's  upiu'ecialidii  iilliis  nniKiruihsleil 
scientific  f^reatiKiss  or  to  spoil  in  those  who  had  the  privilcf^e 
to  know  him,  the  memory  of  his  personal  hnmility,  fjcntle- 
nes3,  and  charm.      Always   rei,'ardcd   wilh  alVection   in  his 


life  by  his  intimates,  even  when  there  were  differences  of 
opinion — Huxley  transferred  to  him  the  expression  "Gentler 
knight  there  never  broke  a  lance  " — it  may  be  said  that  it  is 
with  personal  affection,  as  much  as  reverence  for  his  wonderful 
scientific  mind,  that  his  memory  is  still  cherished  to-day. 
To  us  who  remember  him,  no  memorial  in  marble  or  in  glass  is 
needed,  but  our  children  and  our  children's  children  will  hear 
and  read  in  their  schools  and  colleges  of  his  great  work  and 
character,  and  hear  his  studies  referred  to  in  lectures  and 
papers,  and  they  will  think  of  Kelvin  chiefly  as  one  among 
a  hundred  other  remarkable  men  of  the  past.  To  us  he 
still  remains  tlio  scientist  of  our  day.  But  for  their  sakes, 
as  well  as  for  the  reason  that  it  is  right  and  proper  for  us  to 
show  our  recognition  in  some  tangible  and  permanent  form 
amid  appropriate  surroundings,  we  are  this  year  witnessing 
the  setting  up  of  a  number  of  memorials  which  will  ever 
keep  the  name  of  Kelvin  in  mind  and  emphasise  to  coming 
generations  that  this  age  knew  when  to  appreciate  at  its 
true  worth  a  combination  of  real  greatness  and  gentleness — 
indeed,  we  are  not  sure  that  the  latter  quality  is  not 
essential  to  the  former  in  its  best  sense. 

Belfast,  the  place  of  his  birth  ;  Glasgow  University,  for 
more  than  50  years  the  scene  of  constant  labour  and  research 
in  science,  where  thousands  of  men  came  lastingly  under  his 
spell  as  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy,  and  where  admirers 
of  every  clime  came  to  take  part  in  his  triumphant  jubilee 
celebrations  in  1896  ;  Westminster  Abbey— the  closing 
scene  of  all,  where  the  world  did  him  homage — all  of  these 
will  before  the  end  of  1 !)  1 3  contain  unveiled  memorials. 

When  we  think  of  Belfast,  and  read  Prof.  Silvanus 
Thompson's  references  to  the  early  life  of  the  Thomson 
family,  human  nature  makes  us  children  again,  and  in  our 
fancy  we  whip  our  tops  with  the  future  liord  Kelvin  and  his 
brother  James  on  the  flags  in  front  of  the  house  where  the 
Thomsons  lived  in  College  Square  East.  Here  the  two 
boys  "  doubtless  became  familiar  witli  the  phenomenon  of 
the  precession  of  a  spinning  body."*  It  was  in  the  aforesaid 
house  which,  we  believe,  still  stands  (and  if  we  may  express 
an  opinion,  has  more  claim  to  be  preserved  than  some),  the 
house  that  William's  father  specially  built,  that  all  the 
children  except  the  eldest  daughter  were  born.  William 
was  born  there  in  the  year  1824 — only  six  years  later 
his     mother     IMargaret    passed    to    her    rest.      With    an 

*  "Life  of  Lord  Kelvin,"  by  Silvanus  P.  Thompson, 


indoiiiiUibie  .s|)irit  the  father  Ujok  up  tlie  wMcd  duly  conHe- 
((ucnt  upon  timt  loss.  William  of  six  and  .InincH  of  ci^ht 
should  be  his  H[x;ciul  cure  ;  he  would  educat<t  them,  train  them, 
they  slir)ul<l  sleep  in  his  own  bedrwHn,  lie  would  [K;rsf>nully 
devote  himself  U)  them.  We  need  not  a|)ologiHe  for  tf>uchinj^ 
upon  what  might  be;  thought  by  some  to  be  trivial  matters, 
for  they  form  a  large  jwrt  of  the  whole  Kelvin  coimection 
with  Ik'Ifast,  which  has  made  that  city. proud  to  rememJjer 
one  of  its  sons,  and  those  very  early  years  in  close  connection 
with  so  remarkable  a  father  undoubtedly  had  much  to  do 
with  the  moulding  of  the  Kelvin  character. 

The  statue  which  was  unveiled  in  tlie  P>otanic  Gardens 
I'ark,  Belfast,  on  Thursday  last  week  by  Sir  Joseph  Larmor, 
M.I'.,  F.Il.S.,  was  subscribed  for  by  the  people  of  the  city. 
It  was  executed  by  Mr.  Albert  Bruce-.Joy.  We  understand 
that  the  relatives  of  the  late  Lord  Kelvin  and  memljers  of 
the  Committee,  and  others  who  have  seen  the  work,  have 
been  greatly  pleased  with  it.  The  figure  is  about  10  ft. 
high,  and  stands  on  a  granite  pedestal  about  i;{  ft. 
in  height.  It  represents  the  subject  standing  erect,  with 
the  left  hand  extended  and  holding  in  it  a  design  of  one  of 
his  discoveries — an  adajitatioii  of  the  gyroscope.  In  the  right 
hand  is  a  pencil  pointing  to  the  drawing.  ^Ir.  Brucc-Jov 
has  depicted  the  illustrious  scientist  in  the  prime  of  life  and 
intellectual  power.  The  personality  of  the  man  is  clearly 
brought  out.  The  general  pose  is  that  of  one  keenly 
interested  in  the  subject ;  he  is  supposed  to  be  explaining 
the  discovery  he  has  just  made.  By  the  side  of  the  figure, 
which  is  draped  in  the  doctor's  gown,  stands  a  representa- 
tion of  tlie  well-known  Kelvin  compass.  The  statue  itself 
(the  bronze)  was  shown  in  the  Royal  Society  at  the 
Coronation  Soiree,  in  July,  1911  ;  ever  since  that  time  it 
has  been  ready,  but  it  was  only  comparati\ely  recently  that 
the  site  was  decided  on.  We  are  indebted  to  ^Ir.  Bruce-Joy 
for  the  photographs  here  reproduced. 

At  the  unveiling  ceremony.  Sir  Joseph  Larmor,  the 
charm  of  whose  maunen  of  speech  in  public  will  be 
remembered  by  all  who  have  iheard  him,  delivered  a  tribute 


well  suited  to  the  occasion,  dealing  with  his  home  training, 
life  at  Cambridge  and  Paris,  achievement  and  fame  in  the 
scientific  world,  the  legacy  in  physical  science  that  he  has 
left  to  ages  yet  to  be,  his  personal  qualities,  and  finally 
his  distinction  "  as  a  patriot  as  well  as  a  man  of  science." 

The  Glasgow  University  statue  is  to  be  unveiled  in 
October  by  Mr.  Birrell.  as  Lord  Rector,  and  the  address 
will  be  delivered  by  ilr.  Balfour,  the  (iifford  Lecturer. 
The  Westminster  Abbey  memorial,  which  takes  the  form  of 
a  stained  glass  window,  will  be  unveiled  next  month. 


1070 


THE    ^JJECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [voi.  72.   no.  i,8.-,7,  june  27,  1913. 


No.  1,8:.7,  Junk  27,  l!)i:i.  ] 


TiiK   KLKcrriiicAii   Hi':vii';\v. 


1071 


THE    I.M.E.A.    AT    HAMPTON    COURT. 


On  the  I'nciiif;;  pii<jo  we  rejmKliice  a  larj^'e  f^roup  of  Miiiiicipiil 
I'llcctrical  visiLora  at  llaiiipLoii  (Jourt  last  week,  wiiich 
coiitaiiiH  many  familiar  faces. 

Tlie  (U'if^Miial  ph()L()},n'apli  is  an  excellent  one,  and  we  trust 
tliat  our  reproduction  will  do  justice  both  to  it  and  to  the 
event  which  it  pictorially  records. 

Further  details  of  the  (lonvention  will  he  found  on 
paf;je  lOsc,  and  succeedin<^  pafjes,  to  whicli  we  must  refer  our 
readers  for  information  as  to  the  week's  doinifs. 


RECENT    DEVELOPMENTS    AT    STUART 
STREET  STATION.  MANCHESTER. 


TiiK  subject  of  Manchester's  electricity  supply  is,  at  all 
times,  an  interestinj;;  one  ;  industrially,  the  area  supplied  by 
the  Corporation  is, 
for  its  size,  prob- 
ably the  most  im- 
portant in  Great 
Britain,  and  as  the 
output  of  electricity 
sold  during  the  past 
1 2  months  exceeded 
100  million  units 
— a  figure  con- 
siderably in  excess 
of  that  of  any  other 
municipal  under- 
taking in  the 
country  —  and 
appears  to  be  ad- 
vancing at  the  rate 
of  from  10  to  15 
million  units  per 
annum,  it  can  be 
understood  that  the 
department,  of 
which  Mr.  S.  L. 
Pearce  is  the  well- 
known  chief  engi- 
neer, is  faced  with 
problems  of  a 
somewhat  special 
charat'ter. 

For  one  thing, 
the  three  existing 
stations  are  ap- 
proaching the 
limits  of  their 
capacity  with  the 
existing  plant ;  the 
most  recent  sta- 
tion, Stuart  Street, 
huge  as  it  is  in 
comparison  with 
the  average  gene- 
rating station, 
will  be  almost 
fully  occupied 
with  plant  when 
the  next  turbine 
unit  and   necessary 

boiler   equipment,    which    the   department   has    on   order, 
are  delivered. 

This  latest  addition"  will  have  a  normal  capacity  of 
15,000  KW.,  and  will  be,  we  believe,  the  largest  turbine  unit 
in  the  country  ;  one  may  add  that  it  will  form  a  worthy 
addition  to  a  generating  station,  which  has  long  shown  the 
way  in  the  matter  of  large  plant  installed. 

In  the  meantime,  the  large  amount  of  reciprocating  plant 
comprising  the  original  installation  at  Stuart  Street  station, 
offered  considerable  scope  for  the  utilisation  of  exhaust  steam 

*  Electrical  Review,  November  Ist,  lin2,  page  Tin. 


4,500-KW.   HoWDEN-SlEMEXS   EXHAUST 

Condensing  Pl 


turbitJCH,  and  i)iiilc  recently  a  larire  turbine  unit  of  thJH 
type,  working  in  conjunction  with  existing  Y'atcH  «t  Thorn 
li,50()-n.i'.  Corliss  engines  was  brought  into  UHC. 

In  the  eiirliest  [jortion  of  this  station,  six  croBH-f:omfXJund 
engines  coujjlcd  t<j  I.-'iOO-KW.  generators,  were  inHtalied," 
exhausting  into  barometric  condenserH  which  occnpied  a 
central  bay. 

A  portion  of  this  condensing  jilant  at  one  end  of  the  bay 
was  removed  and  a  •1,500-kw.  Ilowden-Siemens  exhaust 
steam  turbine  set,  together  with  barometric  condensing 
plant,  installed  in  its  place. 

'i'he  turbine  operates  on  steam  from  three  engines,  and 
has  an  output  of  4,25()-KW.  when  the  former  are  on  normal 
full  load  (1,500  KW.). 

To  supply  steam  to  the  new  plant,  the  exhausts  from  sir 
adjacent  engines  (three  on  either  side)  were  connected  to 
:'.(;-in.  dia.  headers  below  floor  level,  with  branches  leading 
up  to  an  oil  separator,  after  leaving  which  the  steam  is 
passed  through  a  horizontal  tubular  superheater,  and  enters 
the  turbine  by  way  of  a  :52-in.  inlet  pipe. 

The  superheater,  which  is  a  jjroduct  of  the  department's 

own  ingenuity,  is 
fed  with  live  steam 
at  200  lb.  pres- 
sure, superheated 
600°  F.,  and  gives 
40  to  5i»°of  super- 
heat to  the  steam 
entering  the  tur- 
bine at  about  H!  lb. 
pressure  absolute. 

The  turbine  is 
of  the  well-known 
Zoelly  impulse  type, 
the  diameter  of  its 
smallest  disk  wheel 
being  (I  ft.  5  in. 
and  of  the  largest, 
7  ft.  ;  it  is  fitted 
with  an  emergency 
governor  only, 
which  trips  a 
double  -  beat  inlet 
valve. 

The  alternator,  to 
which  it  is  coupled 
rigidly,  has  a  solid 
cylindrical  rotor, 
and  is  fitted  with  two 
fans,  one  for  drawing 
in  the  cooling  air 
through  an  air  filter 
in  the  basement 
and  the  other  for 
expelling  it  into 
the  engine  room  ; 
the  machine  bear- 
ings are  provided 
with  forced-oil 
lubrication,  an  oil 
pump  being  pro- 
vided on  the  tur- 
bine shaft. 

The  exhaust  tur- 
bine set  runs  at 
1,500  R.P.it., 
delivering  50-cycle 
three-phase  current 
at  (1,500  volts  to  the  H.T.  bus-bars,  and  it  is  interesting  to 
notice  that,  while  it  was  originally  intended  that  it  should 
operate  in  conjunction  with  four  of  the  1,500-Kw.  recipro- 
cating sets,  in  practice  three  of  the  latter  have  been  found 
sufficient  for  the  purpose. 

The  exhaust  from  the  turbine  leads  upwards  to  a  motor- 
driven  CO-in.  sluice  valve,  above  which  the  exhaust  column 
divides  into  two  vertical  branches  each  ending  in  a  jet 
condenser,  the  condensing  plant,  of  the  barometric  type, 
having  been  supplied  by  the  Mirrlees  "Watson  Co. 

*  See  Electkical  Review,  June  26th,  1903  pag:e  lOSr.. 


-Steam  Turbine  Set  and  Bauometric 
ANT,  Manchester. 


1072 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,8:.7,  JiNE  27,  1913. 


The  two  en^rines  adjacent  to  the  turbine  are  provided 
with  alternative  exhaust  connections' direct  to  the  new  con- 
densers, so  that  they 
can  be  run  as  pre- 
viously in  the  event  of 
the  exhaust  turbine 
being  shut  down  ;  all 
the  other  Yates  and 
Thoni  engines  have 
their  original  baro- 
metric condensing 
plants,  coupled  up  as 
in  the  case  of  the  new 
plant  to  a  cooling 
tower  and  canal. 

In  connection  with 
the  new  plant,  two 
twin-cylinder  air 
pumps,  gear  driven 
from  40  ii.i'.  direct- 
current  motors  (speed 
r.80  K.P.M.)  are  in- 
stalled, also  three 
50-H.p.  motor-driven 
circulating  pumps 
which  will  deliver 
0  00,000  gallons  of 
water  per  hour  to  a 
central  rising  main 
with  connections  to 
the  two  condenser 
heads. 

A  small  ironclad 
switchboard  adjacent 
to  the  motors  con- 
tains the  necessary 
starting  and  control- 
ling gear. 

In  addition  to  the 
generating  plant 
already  mentioned,  the 
Stuart  Street  station 
contains  the  two 
.3,7."iO-KW.  vertical 
triple-expansion  engine 
sets  installed  when  the 

second  portion  of  the  station  was  originally  opened,  and  three 
high-pressure  turbo-alternators  added  by  ^Ir.  Pearce.      Of 


third   unit   is   also   a    Howden-Siemens    combination; 
a     capacity    of     8,000    kw.  ;     both    the     Ilowden 


View; 


SHOWING  Arrangement  of  4,.')0o-kw.  Exhatst  TtRBixE  Plant,  Babometric  Conden.sing 
Plant,  &c.,  Stuart  Street  Station,  Manchester. 

turbines  are  of  the  Zoelly  impulse  type,  and  the  Siemens 
alternators     are      totally     enclosed     machines,     ventilated 
with   filtered   air    from    external   elec- 
trically-driven blowers,  three  of   which 
are  installed. 

An  interesting  feature  of  the  last 
turbine  plant  installed  is  the  condensing 
plant,  of  the  Contrafio  Kinetic  type, 
made  by  ^Messrs.  Richardsons,  Westgarth 
and  Co.,  and  in  connection  with  which 
both  the  air  and  circulating  pumps 
are  steam-turbine  driven. 

The  Contrafio  condenser  is  similar 
to  several  already  installed  in  Stuart 
Street,  and  has  a  cooling  surface  of 
10,500  sq.  ft.  Formerly  Edwards  air 
pumps  have  been  used  in  the  station, 
but  in  this  case  Mr.  Pearce  decided  to 
adopt  the  Kinetic  rotary  air  pump. 

In  this  system  the  air  is  withdrawn 

by    a    steam    jet    and   expelled    by   a 

special     arrangement     of     water     jets 

known  as  the  "  Kinetic  ejector."     The 

pump   supplying    the    water    to    these 

jets  is   driven  by   a  small  turbine,  the 

exhaust   from   which    is    used    in    the 

steam    jet    for     withdrawing    the    air 

from  the   condenser,  and  as  the  water 

is    the    condensate   or   feed   water,   the 

thermal  efficiency  of    the    apparatus  is 

exceedingly  high. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  rarefying  effect  of  a  steam  jet 

in   a   condenser   is  greater   than   can    be   produced    by    a 

mechanical  air  pump,  except  the  pump  is  artificially  cooled 


TURBINE-DBIVEN    KiNETIC   ROTARY    AlR   PUMPl  AND  TANK   FOB   8,000-KW.   TlRBlNF, 

Set,  Stuart  Stbeet  Station,  Manchestee. 


those,  the  first,  a  Willans-Siemens  set  of  C,000-k\v.  capacity 
installed  in  1007,  and  the  second,  a  Howden-Siemens  set  of 
7,000-Kw.  capacity,  have  been   referred  to  in   our  pages. 


Vol.72.    No.  l,s.->7,  Junk  27,  VJIX] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RI^^VIEW. 


1078 


iind  of  abnoniml  si/o.  ■  Tliereforo,  a  veiy  lii^li  etlicicncy  of 
IuIk'  surface  can  bo  obUiiiicd  when  a  Htcam  jet  in 
employed. 

Water  jets  alone  are  incapable  of  withdrawing'  iarf^o 
(luaiitities  of  liif^lily  attennuted  air  by  reason  of  its  iarj^e 
voinnie  and  are  (;on8C(|ueiitly  nnsnitabie  for  the  production 
of  bifjh  vacuum  wlien  the  air  ieaka{;;e  is  apprecialile.  Hut 
if  a  steam  jet  is  phiccd  in  ad\ance  of  the  waUsr  jets,  the 
air  mixes  with  tlie  steam,  and  when  this  aerated  mi.\tnrc 
comes  in  contact  with  the  water  jets,  the  steam  is  condensed 
and  the  air  is  as  it  were  automatically  deposited  on  the 
water  surfaces.  It  is,  tlierefore,  easily  expelled.  The  steam 
jet  also  acts  as  a  booster,  and  when  air  is  present  in  abnormal 
(inantities,  the  boostint,'  has  the  eflcct  of  increasinj^  the 
air  density,  so  that  the  layer  of  air  deposited  on  the  water 
surfaces  is  of  increased  weight  and  yet  of  a  volume  within 
the  discharging  capacity  of  the  jets. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


NOTES. 


(^Continued  f mm  ptige  106.S.) 

Institution  and  Lecture  IVotes.— Physic  at.  Sck  ikpy 

OK  London. — At  the  meetingr  held  on  June  13th  a  paper  on  ''Some 
Experiments  on  Tinfoil  Contact  with  Dielectrics"  was  read  by  Mr. 
G.  E.  Bairato.  This  papar  describes  some  experiments  showing: 
how  the  accuracy  of  the  different  kinds  of  electrical  measurements 
that  are  made  on  condensers  is  influenced  by  the  use  of  an  imper- 
fect tinfoil  contact.  In  connection  with  the  measurement  of  the 
dtrect-curient  conductivity  of  a  condenser  having  tinfoil  armatures, 
the  experimeuts  of  Mr.  Appleyard,  in  which  the  current  a  minute 
or  two  after  the  first  switchingr  on  of  the  current  was  srreater  than 
that  at  the  time  of  switching:  on,  are  referred  to.  These  experi- 
ments g'o  into  the  matter  in  more  detail.  By  choosing  a  suitable 
dielectric— celluloid,  which  has  a  conduction  current  of  a  greater 
value  than  the  rate  of  change  of  displacement  current — it  was 
found  possible  greatly  to  increase  the  magnitude  of  these  secondary 
increases  in  current.  Vol  tage  has  quite  as  much  effect  as  mechanical 
pressure  in  bringing  about  an  intimate  contact  and  acts  inde- 
pendently of  it.  While  considerable  errors  are  liable  to  be 
made  in  deducing  the  specific  direct-current  conductivity 
of  a  dielectric  between  tinfoil  armatures,  the  same  is  not 
true  for  measurements  of  the  alternating-current  conductivity. 
It  is  shown  experimentally,  even  under  the  worst  possible 
circumstances,  the  dielestric  being  only  lightly  bound  up  with  the 
interleaved  tinfoil,  that  for  telephonic  frequencies  the  maximum 
difference  between  the  observed  conductivity  and  true  conductivity 
is  l."i  per  cent,  and  of  capacity  is  5  per  cent.  Finally,  the  influence 
•of  imperfect  contact  upon  the  accumulation  of  residual  charge  is 
cjnsidered. 

A, paper  "On  a  Method  of  Measuring  the  Pressure  of  Ridiation 
by  Means  of  Thin  Metal  Foil  "  was  read  by  Mr.  Gilbert  D.  West. 

The  pressure  of  the  radiation  emitted  by  a  carbon  filament  lamp 
at  a  distance  of  a  few  centimetres  is  sufficient  to  cause  a  micro- 
scopically measurable  deflection  of  the  end  of  a  suspended  strip  of 
gold  or  aluminium  foil,  and  by  this  means  the  radiation  pressure  can 
be  calculated  knowing  the  weight  of  the  strip.  The  results  agree 
to  within  about  10  per  cent,  with  the  energy  content  per  cubic 
centimetre  as  measured  by  the  initial  rate  of  rise  of  temperature 
of  a  copper  plate  exposed  to  the  radiation. 

A  paper  "  On  the  Emission  of  Electricity  from  Hot  Bodies  and  the 
Quantum  Theory"  was  read  by  Dr.  W.  Wilson. 

Deal  lis  by  Lightning. — Most  people,  says  Mr.  Marriott, 
the  secretary  of  the  Royal  Meteorological  Society,  in  A'nowlci/i/e 
for  June,  imagine  that  the  number  of  persons  killed  by  lightning 
each  year  is  very  great.  This  impression  is  far  from  beine  correct. 
Statistics  show  that  during  the  10  years  liiOl-ld  the  Registrar- 
General  reported  124  fa*al  instancesof  lightning  stroke  in  England 
and  Wales — a  yearly  average  of  only  12  4  deaths,  or  0  36  per  million 
living.  In  the  29  years  1852-80  there  were  .'16  such  deaths,  the 
yearly  average  for  that  period  being  18'8,  or  0'88  per  annum  per 
million  living.  The  numbers  of  these  deaths  varied  widely  in 
different  years  ;  three  people  were  killed  by  lightning  in  1863  and  46 
in  1872.  The  annual  death-rate  from  lightning  also  varies  widely 
in  different  parts  of  England.  In  the  north  Midlands  from  1852-80 
it  was  rS  annually  per  million  living,  in  the  Metropolitan  district 
only  0  13.  On  the  Continent  much  higher  yearly  death-rates  are 
found.  In  Hungary  the  annual  death-rate  from  lightning  is  said 
to  be  16  per  million  living  ;  in  Styria  and  Carinthia  about  lo  per 
million  ;  in  Prussia,  4'4  ;  in  France  and  in  Sweden,  3  ;  in  Belgium, 
2,  so  far  as  the  imperfect  statistics  available  go.  In  the  United 
States  of  America  the  annual  death-rate  per  million  is  high — about 
li) — in  consequence  of  the  frequency  of  thunderstorms  on  the  one 
band  and  of  the  large  percentage  of  the  inhabitants  engaged  in 
outdoor  labour  on  the  other;  about  7(iiior800  deaths  from  light- 
ning were  estimated  to  occur  in  the  United  States  every  year  by 
Henry  in  1900  in  a  population  of  76  millions.  Many  more  people 
are  struck  by  lightning  than  are  killed. 


I*ri\afe  lire  Brlicade  (haiiipion.sliip.— Tliis  fx>mpeti- 

tion  wan  held  at  the  Guildhall  on  .Saturday  laHt,  June  2Ut,  and  mi 
a  roHult  the  KobertHon  Lump  Section  Itri|(a<ie  took  M;(:ond  place  and 
won  the  itron/'!  MedaU  ;  the  0<*ram  Lamp  H'-ction  Brigade  obtaiaed 
the  fourth  place.     There  were  23  briKadex  competing. 

AppointnirntN  Vacant.— Senior   draui,'htsman    for  the 

Birmiii);haiii  Corporiilion  electric  Hupply  department  fitlSn); 
aHsiHtint  engineer  for  South wark  I'.C.  electri'.-ity  workn<£l60). 
See  our  advertisement  pagCH  to  day. 

The    Electric    Liitlitinfc   of   Hlotor-'BiiNes.— In   the 

course  of  a  paper  on  "  Steam  Motor-Omnibuses,"  read  at  a  j  lint 
meeting  in  New  York  of  the  American  Society  of  Antomubile 
I'^ngin'-ers  and  the  British  Institution  of  Automobile  Hncineer*, 
by  Mr.  'I'homaH  Clarkson,  of  Chelmsford,  the  author  referred  to  the 
(luestion  of  the  lighting  of  such  vehiclep,  which  had  been  a  very 
troublesome  problem,  neither  oil  nor  acetylene  having  proved  Batif- 
factory.  Mr.  Clarkson  stated  that  he  first  experimented  with 
electric  lighting  for  'bus  illumination  about  ten  years  af^o,  the 
original  lighting  being  worked  off  a  storage  battery.  This  not  proving 
satisfactory,  a  scheme  was  subsequently  devised  whereby  a  small 
storage  battery  was  used  in  combination  with  a  special  t'ynamo 
driven  by  the  car,  and  with  cut-outs,  similar  to  the  lighting 
systems  now  used  on  pleasure  cars.  After  running  this  combination 
for  several  years,  he  abandoned  it  in  favour  of  a  dynamo 
of  the  ordinary  type  directly  attached  to  a  small  steam  engine,  no 
batteries  or  cut-outs  being  employed.  The  little  engine  runs  at  a 
constant  speed  of  900  k.i'.m.,  and  the  equipment  provides  current 
for  160  C.P.  per  'bus.  Mr.  Clarkson,  who,  as  is  well-known,  is  asso- 
ciated with  the  National  steam  'buses  running  in  the  metropolis, 
states  that  the  equipment  has  proved  completely  satiefactoiy.  The 
cost  and  weight  of  the  installation  have  been  reduced,  as  well  as 
cost  of  maintenance,  at  the  same  time  greater  brilliance  of  illami- 
nation  has  b2en  secured. 

Educational  Notes. — The  Senate  of  London  University 

has  appointed  Mr.  E.  H.  Lamb,  M  Sc.  (Vict.).  A.M.Inst.C.E.,  to  the 
University  Chair  of  Civil  and  Mechanical  Engineering  tenable  at 
the  E  ist  London  College.  Mr.  Lamb  had  a  distinguished  c  ireer  at 
Oivens  College,  Manchester,  and  graduated  with  first-class  honours 
and  the  University  Scholarship  in  Engineering  in  1899.  Since  1903 
he  has  been  technical  and  bcientific  adviser  to  Messrs.  W.  H.  Allen, 
Son  i:  Co.,  of  Bedford,  and  demonstrator  to  the  pupils  and  appren- 
tices of  the  firm.  He  is  the  author  of  a  paper  on  "The  Torsional 
Vibrations  of  Shafting,"  for  which  he  was  awarded  a  premium  by 
the  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers. — limea. 


OUR    PERSONAL    COLUMN. 


The  Editors  invite  electrical  engineers,  whether  connected  with  the 
technical  or  the  commercial  side  of  the  professiwi  and  industry, 
also  electric  tramway  and  railway  officials,  to  keep  readers  of  the 
Electbical  Review  posted  as  to  their  movements. 


Central  Station  Officials. — Mr.  W.  Wyld,  who  has 

been  appointed  electrical  engineer  at  Hampstead,  was  on  Saturday 
the  recipient  of  a  presentation  from  the  employes  of  the  Birkenhead 
Corporation  tramways  department.  The  proceedings  were  presided 
over  by  Mr.  J.  Dudleston,  traffic  superintendent.  Appropriate 
speeches  were  made  by  the  chairman,  Messrs.  R.  Chadwick,  J  Gunn 
Wallace,  G.  H.  Godding,  S.  Eige,  E.  Evans,  T.  Crawshaw  and  F.  T. 
Coram,  after  which  Mr.  Clarke  presented  Mr.  Wyld  with  a  silver  tea 
service,  as  a  token  of  esteem  from  the  employes  of  the  department. 
Mr.  Wyld  expressed  his  thanks,  and  asked  the  men  to  give  the  same 
loyal  support  to  Mr.  Clarke,  his  successor,  as  they  had  given  to 
him.  The  staff  of  the  Electricity  Department  presented  Mr.  Wyld 
with  a  barometer,  the  presentation  being  made  by  Mr.  Shallcrose, 
the  borough  electrical  engineer. 

At  Maltby  (Yorks),  on  June  18th,  the  marriage  took  place  of  Mr. 
Henry  Neville  Rogers,  of  the  Rotherham  Corporation  electri- 
city staff,  and  Miss  Annie  Fearby  Brown,  elder  daughter  of  Mr. 
Richard  Brown,  of  Roche  Abbey  Mill,  Maltby. 

The  General  Purposes  Committee  of  the  Crewe  T.C.  has  recom- 
mended that  the  salary  of  Mb.  H.  H.  Deston,  chief  electrical 
engineer,  be  increased  by  £50  a  year  ;  and  that  of  Mr.  Hooley. 
his  assistant,  by  £25  a  year. 

On  the  occasion  of  his  marriage  to  Miss  Elsie  R.  Jourd,  of  Bel- 
vedere, Mr.  Victor  R.  Lowry  has  been  presented  with  a  brass  and 
oak  gong  by  the  staff  of  the  Farnham  electricity  works. 

The  Rugby  U.D.C.  has  increased  the  salary  of  Mr.  T.  S.  Shentos. 
manager  of  the  electricity  works,  from  ^^200  to  £225  per  annum. 

Mr.  L.  H.  C.  Webster  has  been  appointed  assistant  mains 
engineer  to  the  Dover  Municipal  electricity  undertaking.  There 
were  37  applications.  The  appointment  was  previously  offered  to 
Mr.  J.  L.  H.  Cooper,  who  substquently  withdrew. 

Tramway   Officials. — It   is  proposed  to  increase  the 

salary  of  Mb.  R.  S.  Pilcheb,  manager  of  the  Aberdeen  Corporation 
Tramways,  from  £400  to  £500. 

A  financial  daily  says  that  Mr.  H.  E.  Blais,  late  general 
manager  of  the  West  Ham  Corporation  Tramways,  has  now  taken 
up  the  appointment  of  assistant  purchasing  agent  to  the  tender- 
ground  Electric  Railways  and  their  allied  companies. 


1074 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,857,  June  27,  191:?. 


General. — A  Canadian  exchange  states  that  Mr.  H.  H. 
CoczExs,  the  new  manager  of  the  Toronto  hydro-electric  system, 
arrived  in  Canada  from  Engrland  durinfr  the  first  week  of  this 
month.     He  takes  actual  charge  of  the  system  on  .July  1st. 

Captai.v  Tkrrick  Charlks  Fitz  Hrr;H,  M.V.O.,  the  Chief 
Commissioner  in  the  Far  East,  recently  appointed  by  the  iJritish 
Engineers'  Association,  left  London  for  Peking.  ri,i  Siberia,  on 
Saturday,  .Tune  2l8t,  accompanied  by  his  technical  secretary,  Mr. 
L.  B.  Stevens,  M.A. 

Mr.  W.  MiRRAY  Morrison,  MT.E.E.,  general  manager  of  the 
British  Aluminium  Co.,  Ltd.,  whose  marriage  was  announced  in  the 
last  issue  of  the  Electrical  Review,  has  been  presented  by  the 
staff  and  employes  with  a  solid  silver  cigar  bos  and  cigarette  box. 

Mb.  John  Howard  Howard,  of  Claphara  Park,  Bedford,  onlv 
son  of  Sir  Fred.  Howard,  of  J.  &  F.  Howard,  Ltd.,  electrical  and 
general  engineers,  of  Bedford,  and  his  wife,  celebrated  their  silver 
wedding  on  .Tune  19th,  and  were  the  recipients  of  many  cordial 
congratulations. 

Mr.  Hebdert  Bebrv  (Messrs.  Berry,  Skinner  &  Co.)  will  be 
leaving  England  on  July  2.".th,  by  the  Ewjirffx  of  ]ir\1a\n  for 
Canada,  arriving  at  Montreal  on  August  Ist.  He  will  subsequently 
visit  Toronto,  Niagara,  Winnipeg,  Calgary,  Edmonton,  Vancouver 
and  Victoria  ;  returning  through  the  United  States— Minneapolis, 
Chicago.  Detroit,  Pittsburg  and  Xew  York. 

Mr.  C.  V.  Bk;(;s  has  removed  from  2S,  Victoria  Street, 
S.W.,  to  48,  Westminster  Palace  Gardens,  Artillery  Row,  Victoria 
Street,  S.W. 

Mk.  Marconi  arrived  in  Xew  York  on  June  11th  to  give  evidence 
in  a  patent  action  in  connection  with  his  company,  and  to  inspect 
the  installations  at  Belmar,  N.J..  and  Glace  Bay. 

Mr.  Tom  Westgartft,  on  resigning  the  position  of  managing 
director  of  Messrs.  Richardsons.  Westgarth,  .>c  Co..  Ltd.,  of  Middles- 
brough, has  been  presented  by  the  oflBcials,  foremen,  and  workmen 
with  an  illuminated  address  in  album  form,  and  a  gold  bracelet 
for  Mrs.  Westgarth. 

On  Saturday  last,  Mr.  Setmoie  C.  Toye,  who  has  been  for  some 
time  in  the  employ  of  Messrs.  J.  H.  Tucker  &  Co.,  electrical 
accessories  manufacturers,  of  Birmingham,  was  presented  with  a 
suit  case  as  a  mark  of  esteem,  upon  his  leaving  the  firm  to  take  up  a 
position  on  the  commercial  staff  of  the  General  Electric  Co.,  High 
Street,  Birmingham. 

Obitnarj-. — The  death  is  reported  from  Amble,  Xorth- 
nmberland,  after  a  prolonged  illness,  of  Mr.  Robert  Wanless, 
electrician  to  the  Port  and  Harbour  Commissioners.  Over  a 
quarter  of  a  century  ago  deceased  was  engaged  for  the  installa- 
tion of  electric  light  at  Warkworth  Harbour,  and  upon  the  com- 
pletion of  his  contract  continued  in  the  service  of  the  Commissioners. 
He  manifested  an  active  interest  in  local  affairs,  and,  as  a  Free- 
mason, was  a  Past  Provincial  Grand  Officer  of  the  Province  of 
Northumberland.     He  was  in  his  57th  year. 

Wills. — The  late  ^Ir.  .Toh.v  Trotter,  chairman  of 
Crompton  \  Co.,  Ltd.,  left  estate  valued  at  £37,865  gross  and 
£27,723  net. 


OFFICIAL    RETURNS    OF    ELECTRICAL 
COMPANIES. 


Electric   I^Miitlon   Co.  (1913),  Ltd.— Particulars  of  £2,5o0 

debentures  created  May  24tb,  191^1,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  9B  (H)  of  the  Com- 
panies' (Consolidation)  Acts,  19tB,  ilie  whole  amount  beinR  now  issued. 
Property  charged  :  The  coinpany'.s  undertaking  and  property,  present  and 
future,  including  uncalled  capital.     No  trustees. 

British    L^nion    Lamp   Works,   Ltd.— Charge  on   company's 

undertaking  and  properly,  present  and  future,  dated  May  7th,  1913,  to  secure 
all  moneys  not  exceediog  i'3.000,  for  whieli  the  charges  may  become  liable  to 
pay  under  a  guarantee  to  the  company's  bankers.  Holders :  T.  Oriffiths, 
Tliirfleld,  Moorland  Road,  Didsbury,  near  Manchester;  and  G.  E,  Jowett,  Yew 
Tree  House,  Eccles,  Manchester. 

Browett,  Lindley  &  Co.,  Ltd.  ((■>3,128).— Return  dated  April 

7th,  1913.  Capital,  i'120,C(XJ  in  t\  shares  (00,000  pref),  50,000  pref.  and  50,000 
ord.  shares  taken  np.  £1  per  share  called  up  on  42,000  pref.  and  23,478  ord. 
i.'6r>, 478  paid.  i.'34, 522  considered  as  paid  on  the  remainder.  Debenture  stock 
outstanding:  To  sundry  holders,  £'JO,(XX);  as  security  for  sundry  loans  and 
bank  overdraft,  £27,1135 ;  total,  i;47,lC5. 

A.  Reyrolle  &  Co.,  Ltd.  (70,2 lo).— Return  dated  April  mth, 

1913  Capital  £40,C00  in  i'l  shares  (20.C0O  pref.),  20,000  ord.  and  19,346  pref. 
(bares  taken  up.  £.\  per  share  called  up  on  13,000  ord.,  and  19,340  pref. 
£32,34G  paid.  ;t'7,C00  considered  as  paid  on  7,0C0  ord.  Mortgages  and  charges  : 
£15,300. 

Electrolifp,  Ltd.— Particulars  of  £5(iO  debentures,  created 
April  10th,  1913,  filed  pursuant  to  Sec.  93  (3)  of  tbe  Companies'  (Con- 
solidation) Act,  1908,  tbe  whole  amount  being  now  issued.  Property  charged  : 
The  company's  property,  present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital. 
Ko  trustees. 

Altrincliam   Electric   Siipi)ly,   Ltd.  (4 (1,795).— Return  dated 

May  22nd,  1913  Capital,  i.'>0,000  in  il  shares  :  35,000  shares  taken  up  ;  £35,000 
considered  as  paid.    MortgbRes  and  charges  ;  £35,000. 

Garrett,   Hartley  k  Co.,  Ltd.— Debenture  dated  June  17th, 

1913,  to  secure  £350,  charged  on  tbe  company's  undertaking  and  property, 
present  and  future,  including  uncalled  capital.  Holder:  S.  Hartley,  Lranford, 
Grand  Drive,  Raynes  Park,  8.W. 

Anglo-Portiiprnese    Telephone    Co.,  Ltd.   C22,545).— Return 

dated  May  23rd,  1913.  Capital  £150,000  in  £  I  shares.  100,COO  shares  taken  up.  £1 
per  share  called  up  on  l,046shares.  £l,046paid.  £98,954  considered  as  paid  on 
remainder.    Mortgages  and  charges :  £43,625. 

Bournemouth    and   Poole   Electricity   Snpply   Co.,    Ltd. 

(55,189).— Return  dated  March  27tb.  1913.  Capital  £500,C00  in  £10  shares 
(25,000  ordinary,  7,500  \l  per  cent,  preference  and  17,500  6  per  cent,  second  pre- 
ference). 16,000  ordinary,  7,500  41  percent,  prefertnce  and  15,000  6  per  cent, 
second  preference  shares  taken  up".      £375,000  paid.      Morigages  and  charges: 

£187,500. 

Beck  &  Moss,  Ltd.  (69,2ii8).— Return  dated  April  19th.  1913. 
Capital,  £2,500  in  £1  si  ares.  All  shares  taken  op.  £1  per  share  called  op  on 
525,  £525  paid.  £1,975  considered  us  paid  on  remainder.  Mortgages  and 
charges  :  Nil. 


CITY    NOTES. 


NEW    COMPANIES    REGISTERED. 


Crompton  k  Co.,  Ltd.  (129.649)- Registered  .Tune  19th.  hv 
Deacon  4  Co.,  9,  Great  St.  Helenn,  E.C.  Capital,  £221  007  in  £1  share?  il:ir.,000 
7  per  cent,  non-cumulative  preference).  Objects:  To  carrv  on  the  Inisinefs 
of  electrical  engineers,  workers  in  metals,  contractors  for  the  snpply  of  elec- 
trical plant,  producers  and  di8triba:ors  of  electrical  energy,  manufacturers  of 
electrical,  steam,  petrol  and  other  motors,  tramways,  tramears  and  lor/>. 
motiveo.  Ac,  to  acqaire  the  assets  and  liabilities  rf  Crompton  *  Co.,  Ltd. 
(incorporated  in  1W<3|,  and  to  adopt  an  agreement  with  the  said  old  company 
and  the  liquidator  thereof.  The  signatories  (with  one  sharp  each)  are  :  -G.  F. 
Medcali.  9,  Great  fit.  Helens,  E.C..  solicitor  ;  P..  C.  Allen,  2<I8.  Dnnstans  Koad, 
East  Dulwich,  8.E..  gentleman  ;  R.  Gibson,  s.  Great  St.  Heleni,  EC,  soli, 
citor;  T.  J.  Bowie",  118.  South  Esk  Road.  Fore'st  Gate,  gentleman  :  ^v.  Kacoft, 
118,  Addi'^on  Gardens,  W.,  gentleman  ;  W,  J.  Park,  4,  Aberdeen  Road,  High- 
bnrv,  N..  gentleman;  H.  C.  Blackborrow.  S4,  Elsham  Road,  Lcy'nnstone, 
gentleman.  Miniranm  cash  subscription,  seven  shares.  The  first  directors  (to 
Dumber  not  less  ihan  three  or  more  than  eight'  are  to  be  appointed  bv  the 
signatories;  nualiflcation,  5fX)  .shares,  "emnneration.  £200  each  per  annum 
(chairman,  £.'i00]  and  5  per  cent,  of  the  distribut.'d  profits,  divifible  (maximum 
additional  remuneration,  £l,00r'i.  Registered  office,  Salisbury  House,  London 
Wall,  E.C. 

>'orth  British  "Wireless  Schools,  Ltd.  (>J,7il)— This  com- 
pany wa-s  registered  in  Kdinhnrgh  on  June  20th,  with  a  rapital  of  £12,000  in  £1 
shares  19,000  cumulative  preference  participating),  to  establish  dayor  boarding 
schools  or  colleges,  and  to  carry  on  the  Inisiness  indicated  hv  the  title.  The 
subscribers  (with  one  preference  share  each)  are  :— T.  H.  McLaren,  105,  West 
George  Street,  Gla.ogow,  law  clerk  ;  W.  Y.  Chrysta),  22fi,  St.  Vincent  Street, 
Glargnw,  chartered  oecountant :  H.J.  Stevenson.  160,  Onslow  Drive,  Dennis- 
town.  Glasgow,  clerk  ;  J.  B.  Dunlop.  101,  Douglas  Street,  Glasgow,  clerk  :  K. 
Patrick.  TrafTord  Park,  Bisbopbriggs,  clerk;  Miso  D.  Doig,  9,  Pa'moral 
Crescent,  (,neen'8  Park,  Glasgow.  The  first  directors  are  W  J.  Kerr,  6. 
Ritchie  and  W.  N.  Mackay,  all  of  Glasgow.  Registered  office,  220,  St.  Vincent 
Btreet,  Glasgow. 

Hales,    Hancock   k  Co.,  Ltd.  (l?9.fi94).— This  company  was 

registered  on  June  2lBt,  with  a  capital  of  £100  in  £1  shares,  to  carry  on  the 
business  of  manufacturers,  importers  and  exporters  of  china,  porcelain, 
earthenware,  pottery,  terracotta,  sanitary  wa>e,  fireclay,  drain  and  water- 
pipes,  electrical  and  a-t  pottery.  ,vc.  The  subscribers  (with  25  shares  each) 
are  : — E.  C.  Bales,  Gamage  Buildings  Holborn,  E.G.,  merchant;  P.  Hancock, 
Oamage  Bnildiogf.  Holborn,  E.G.,  traveller.  Private  company.  Table  "  A" 
mainly  applies.    Registered  ofDce,  Qunage  Buildings,  Holbom,  E.C. 


Sba\rinio:aii  Water  and  Pcwer  Co. 

The  directors"  report  for  the  year  ended  December  31st,  1912,  states 
(says  the  Vinum-'tal  Xcux)  that  the  gross  income  for  1912  shows  an 
increase  over  that  of  1911  of  8349,814,  and  the  net  revenue  an 
increase  of  S249,7it6.  The  average  percentage  of  operation  and 
general  expense  to  gross  income  has  been,  for  the  past  five  years, 
on  a  basis  of  lnj  per  cent.  The  ratio  for  the  year  1912  is  9'4."i  per 
cent.  The  operations  of  the  company  during  the  year  have  been 
carried  on  without  abnormal  interruption,  with  the  exception  of 
one  occurrence  in  the  month  of  September,  when,  through  the 
breaking  of  a  turbine  end  casting,  considerable  water  escaped  into 
the  power  house,  and  through  its  reaching  some  of  the  generators, 
delay  was  occasioned  owing  to  the  drying-out  of  field  coils,  ko..  In 
the  last  annual  report  the  directors  advised  of  the  completion  of 
the  new  development  with  machinery  installed  in  station  No.  2  up 
to  a  capacity  of  Ho.iiiiO  n.p.  In  August  last  it  was  decided  to  install 
a  third  unit  of  l.'i,i»iii  H.f.,  and  this  installation  is  nearing  com- 
pletion. With  Ihi-t  unit  the  total  electrical  capacity  of  the  two 
stations  will  be  Imi  omi  h  p.  The  continued  demand  for  power 
makes  it  evident  that  this' addition  to  the  plant  will  be  required  for 
u?e  at  an  early  date.  The  rapid  industrial  development  of  the  city 
of  Three  Rivers  makes  it  expedient  to  provide  for  further  demands 
from  that  point,  and  thedirectorshavein  contemplation, in  the  spring 
of  1913,  the  erection  of  a  third  transmission  line  to  Three  Rivers. 
The  Cedars  Rapids  Development  Co.  has  acquired  from  the 
Dominion  and  Provincial  Governments  the  right  to  take  from  the 
St.  Lawrence  River,  at  Cedars  Rapids,  about  30  miles  above  the 
City  of  Montreal,  sufiicient  water  to  develop  160,(i00  h.p.  The 
development  work  for  this  plant  has  been  in  operation  since  early  in 
1912,  and  the  first  installation  of  100.000  H.r.  will  be  completed  in 
the  fall  of  1914.  The  control  of  this  company  is  vested  in  the 
Shawinigan  Water  and  Power  Co.  and  the  Montreal  Light,  Heat 
and  Power  Co.  This  power  will  be,  to  a  large  extent,  used  for 
electro- mechanical  and  electro-metallurgical  processes  at  Cedars 
Rapids  and  elsewhere,  while  a  considerable  portion  will  be  avail- 
able for  distribution  through  the  Jlontreal  Light,  Heat  and  Power 
Co.  in  the  section  of  the  city  furthest  removed  from  the  terminals 
where  power  is  obtained  from  the  Shawinigan  Co. 


Vol.72.   No.  i.fi.j,  Junk  27.  i9n.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


lo?.-* 


Electric  and  General  InveNtmcnt  Co.,  Ltd. 

Thk  annual  mcotinif  was  hold  on  Tuwilay  at  WinohoHtor  IIoiihb, 
B.C.,  Mr.  .1.  H.  Hraithwaito  pniHiilinpr. 

'I'he  CiiAiKMAN,  in  propoHini;  the  adoption  of  the  report  (!<ee 
Elkotkicai,  I{k\  now,  pu(;o  lo.'IS),  Hiiid  the  Htory  they  had  to  tell  the 
BhareholderH  for  the  pant  year  wan  a  very  Him  pie  on(^  Tliey  had 
made  a  profit  of  C  11, 7'.»7,  which  waH  about  tit.OdO  U'.hh  than  laHt 
year,  but  in  view  of  the  very  diHturbed  state  of  rinancial  affairH 
durinpf  the  (jreator  part  of  the  year,  the  Balkan  trouble  and 
variouH  things  of  that  kind,  ho  thoutrht  they  would  ajfreo 
that  the  company  had  done  fairly  well  under  the  circuni- 
stanceH.  After  chargrintr  the  variouH  amounts  Htatcd  on 
the  debit  Hide  of  the  profit  and  Iohh  account  atraiiiHt  it, 
they  were  left  with  a  l)aIanoe  of  £4,022  to  deal  with.  That  sum 
they  proposed,  subject  to  the  shareholders'  apjiroval,  should  be 
dealt  with  by  payinp  tho  balance  of  the  10  per  cent,  dividend  on 
the  preference  shares  of  the  company,  by  paying  (Id.  a  share  on  the 
deferred  shares  and  by  carry  inj;  forward  to  next  year  £2,022.  They 
were  distributinjj  £:i,OnO  in  dividends  this  year,  and  were  proposinff 
to  carry  forward,  appro .\iniately,  .4;.'i,000  to  next  year,  so  as  to  make 
the  position  as  sound  as  they  could.  In  addition,  during;  the  year 
they  had  redeemed  and  cancelled  £9()3  of  debentures,  so  that  that 
amount  was  reduced  to  £19,570.  Durinjj  the  year  they  had 
realised  some  old  investments,  involving  a  loss  of 
£4,119,  which  they  deducted  from  the  contingency  fund, 
which  was  provided  to  meet  such  losses.  Out  of  the 
profit  and  loss  account  for  the  current  year  they  had  trans- 
ferred to  the  credit  of  the  continfrency  fund  i::>,o7I,  raising:  it  now 
to  £Sl,(iiiO  ;  and  with  the  reduction  of  nearly  £l,()Oti  in  the  deben- 
ture stock  outstandingr,  they  practically  reinstated  it  exactly  where 
it  was  before  they  realised  those  old  losses  to  which  he  had  alluded. 
One  gentleman  wanted  to  know  why  they  did  not  pay  more  in  divi- 
dends under  the  circumstances,  but  he  thought  the  shareholders 
would  agree  with  him  that  their  policy  was  to  put  the  company 
into  a  thoroughly  sound  financial  position,  by  carrying  forward 
the  amount  they  had  done,  and  endeavouring  to  strengthen  their 
reserves.  In  this  way  they  believed  they  were  acting  in  the  beat 
interests  of  their  shareholders.  There  was  a  considerable  amount 
of  fair  business  which  did  not  appear  in  the  accounts,  a  profit  on 
which  should  be  realised  during  the  current  year.  He  hoped  the 
year  would  not  be  quite  so  unsettled  financially  as  this  year  had 
been,  that  it  would  be  a  year  of  greater  prosperity,  in  which  case 
they  would  spare  no  effort  to  see  that  the  shareholders  shared  in 
that  prosperity.     He  moved  the  adoption  of  the  report. 

Mr.  J.  Cecil  Bull  seconded  the  motion,  which  was  carried 
without  any  questions  being  asked. 

The  Chairman  next  moved  the  payment  of  dividends. 

This  was  seconded  and  carried. 


.J.  G.  White  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  yesterday  at  Cannon  Street  Hotel. 
The  report  of  directors  for  the  year  ended  February  28th,  1913, 
showed  that  the  results  of  the  business  continued  to  be  satisfactory, 
the  net  profit  on  the  year's  trading  being  £88,797.  A  further 
£10,000  was  allocated  out  of  profits  to  the  special  dividend  equalisa- 
tion reserve,  making  this  reserve  £.50,0(X».  £20,00(i  was  also  added 
to  general  reserve.  The  directors  again  recommended  a  dividend  of 
12  per  cent,  per  annum  on  both  classes  of  shares,  and,  in  addition, 
an  extra  dividend  of  10s.  per  share  on  the  ordinary  shares.  The 
balance  to  the  credit  of  profit  and  loss,  after  bringing  in  £21,212 
from  the  previous  account,  deducting  the  interim  dividend  paid  on 
the  preferred  and  ordinary  shares  at  January  Ist,  1913,  and  mak'ng 
provision  for  percentages  due  to  director?  and  staff,  was  £89,90-1. 
The  directors  recommended  a  dividend  of  6  per  cent.,  less  income- 
tax,  on  the  cumulative  preferred  shares  for  the  half-year  to 
February  28th,  1913  (making  12  per  cent,  for  the  year),  C9,000  ;  a 
dividend  of  6  per  cent.,  less  income-tax,  on  the  ordinary  shares  for 
the  half-year  to  February  28th,  1913  (making  12  per  cent,  for  the 
y^ar),  £3,000  ;  extra  dividend  of  Ids.  per  share,  less  income-tax,  on 
the  ordinary  share  capital  for  the  year,  £25,000  ;  to  general  reserve, 
£20,000  ;  special  reserve  for  equalisation  of  dividends,  £10,O0O  ; 
to  be  carried  forward,  £22,901, 


R.  Wayg'OOd  &  Co.,  Ltd. — The  directors  report  that 
the  profits  for  the  year  ended  March  31  st,  including  £6,254  brought 
forward,  amounted  to  £31,541.  The  managing  director's  and 
directors'  fees  absorb  £2,800,  and  after  paying  the  preference  divi- 
dend, and  putting  to  reserve  £1,500,  a  further  dividend  is  to  be 
declared  at  the  rate  of  9  per  cent,  per  annum  for  the  six  months 
to  March  31st,  making,  with  the  interim  dividend  already  paid, 
7  per  cent,  for  the  year  on  the  ordinary  shares,  leaving  £9,691  to 
carry  forward. 

Calcutta  Electric  Supply  Corporation,   Ltd. — The 

number  of  units  delivered  to  consumers  during  the  four  weeks 
ended  April  25th,  1913,  amounted  to  1,204,906,  compared  with 
884,966  units  in  the  corresponding  four  weeks  of  1912. 

Yorkshire  (West  Riding')  Electric    Tramways  Co., 

Ltd. — The  directors  have  declared  an  interim  dividend  on  the 
6  per  cent.  cum.  preference  shares  at  the  rate  of  3  per  cent,  per 
annnm. 


India-Kuhber,   t^utta-Fercha  and    ieleifraph  Works 
(o.,  Ltd. 

A  HAi.r-VKAHLY  mcotintr  waH  held  at  the  cofopnny  h  oMh^h,  I'ifl, 
Cannon  .Street,  K.C.,  on  Tuirsday.  .Mttjf)r  I.,oonard  Darwin  prttiidinsf. 

The  CllAlliMAN  said  at  thOHC  half-yearly  mectingH  th«-y  jfathered 
together  ho  that  the  l>oard  might  have  the  opportunity  of  layinff 
before  the  HhareholdcrH  Home  remarkn  on  wh»t  ha<l  i»aHHcd  in  the 
affairH  of  tho  company  Hinci;  the  previouH  annual  general  meetinir, 
There  waB  usually  alHO  a  (leclaration  of  interim  (livid«ndii  to  be 
made.  When  he  addreHHcii  tlicm  a  year  ii;.'o  he  had  th<^  unpleasant 
task  impoHcd  upon  him  of  informing  them  that  the  board  did  not 
see  their  way,  aH  they  thought  it  imprudent,  to  pay  an  interim 
dividend  to  tho  holders  of  ordinary  nharcK,  while  they  ha<l  no  he«i- 
tation  in  paying  the  interim  dividend  on  the  preference  fdi»re«. 
While  moking  that  announcement,  he  ventured  to  ezpreMi  the 
opinion  that  they  were  getting  into  their  normal  Htride,  ax  the 
al)normal  conditionH  were  paHHine  away.  On  the  prewent  occahion 
he  had  much  pleasure  in  being  able  to  state  that  the  board  felt 
justified  in  paying  the  customary  interim  dividends  on  both 
preference  and  ordinary  Hliarec.  They  did  not  wish  the  hhare- 
holders  to  read  into  the  declaration  more  than  they  stated. 
The  raw  rubber  market  was  not  yet  outside  the  infiuence  of  undue 
speculation,  be  it  for  a  fall  in  price,  be  it  for  a  rise,  and  the  position 
of  the  consumers  of  that  product  was  somewhat  dangerous  in  so  far 
that  the  ordinary  laws  of  supply  and  demand  were  small  guidef, 
and  might  even  prove  misleading  when  applied  to  the  short  periods 
of  time  with  which  ordinary  consumers  had  to  deal.  This  was  all 
the  more  true  on  occasions  when  all  the  factors  at  work  for  these 
short  periods  could  not  be  accurately  gauged.  The  board  had 
recently  had  before  them  evidence  that  several  of  the  combinations 
which  reaped  great  advantage  during  the  period  of  artificial  values 
of  three  years  ago,  to-day  lay  waterloggeil  and  broadside  on  in  the 
trough  of  the  wave  they  created.  He  might  mention  that  some  of 
their  competitors  in  the  motor-tire  trade  were  making  reductions 
in  their  selling  prices.  Those  reductions  were  to  take  effect  from 
the  ICith  inst.  The  board  doubted  the  wisdom  of  their  policy, 
as  their  turnover  in  this  line  of  goods  doubtless  showed  an  increase 
because  many  manufacturers,  and  they  among  the  number,  had 
been  enlarging  their  powers  of  production.  At  the  annual  general 
meeting  in  December  last  he  mentioned  that  their  cable  steamer 
Si/rri-fowii  Lad  completed  the  laying  of  a  submarine  cable  between 
Australia  and  New  Zealand,  and  he  had  now  to  say  that  the  period 
of  guarantee  then  pending,  terminated  without  mishap  and  the 
vessel  returned  to  London.  She  would  shortly  sail  from  Queens- 
town  to  the  Atlantic  to  carry  out  some  cable  repairs  in  replacement 
of  their  Dacia  which  sustained  some  damage  while  occupied  on 
the  work  during  abnormally  heavy  weather.  The  Bvccanpsr 
had  been  employed  by  H.M.  Post  Office  and  by  the  French  Govern- 
ment on  the  West  African  Coast  and  also  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Madagascar.  The  vessel  was  now  on  her  way  home,  and  would 
carry  out  some  further  work  on  the  West  African  coast  before 
reaching  London.    Their  general  business  had  been  quite  normal. 

In  conclusion,  Ma.jor  Darwin  moved  that  on  July  Ist  a  divi- 
dend be  paid  to  the  holders  of  preference  shares  of  -is.  per  share, 
less  income-tax,  being  the  half-yearly  dividend  due  on  that  date  at 
the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  per  annum  ;  and  further,  that  on  July  Ist  a 
payment  of  os.  per  share,  free  of  income-tax,  be  made  to  the  holders 
of  ordinary  shares,  being  an  interim  dividend  of  2i  per  cent. 

IMr.  K.  K.  Gray  seconded  the  motion,  which  was  adopted. 


Stock  Exchange  Notices. — Applications  have  made  to 
the  Committee  to  allow  the  following  to  be  quoted  in  the  Official 

List :  — 

Automatic  Telephone  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd.— 100,000  ordinary  shares  of 
£1  each,  fully  paid  (Nos.  1  to  100,000)  (renewed  special  application). 

The  Committee  has  ordered  the  undermentioned  securities  to  be 
quoted  in  the  Official  List  : — 

Madras  Electric  Tramways  (1904),  Ltd.— 20,000  6  per  cent,  cumulative  pre- 
ference Bhares  of  i'5  each,  fully  paid  (Nos.  1  to  15,000  and  30,001  to  35,000). 

8ho  Paulo  Electric  Co.,  Ijtd.— £120,000  additional  S  per  cent.  SO-year  first 
mortgage  bonds  of  £100  each  (Nos.  B  1  to  B  1,200). 

J.  Stone  &  Co.,  Ltd. — A  financial  contemporary  says 
that  the  accounts  for  1912  show  that,  after  full  allowance  for  de- 
preciation, the  profits  amounted  to  £143,661,  plus  £49,380  brought 
forward,  making  £193,041.  The  directors  recommend  a  dividend 
of  10  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares  and  a  bonus  of  28.  6d.  per 
share,  placing  £70,000  to  the  reserve  and  carrying  forward  £77,996. 

Greenwood  A:  Batley  Co.,  Ltd. — After  providins:  for 

interest  on  the  debentures,  expenses  and  management  and  doubtful 
debts,  the  accounts  for  the  year  ended  March,  1912,  show  a  profit 
of  £15,275,  plus  £3,648  brought  forward,  making  £18.924,  out  of 
which  the  directors  have  appropriated  to  depreciation  £  7,000,  pro- 
vision for  charges  under  the  National  Insurance  Act  £50o.  After 
paying  7  per  cent,  on  the  cumulative  preference  shares  there  is 
carried  forward  £4,396. 

.lapan. — The  Kyoto  Electric  Light  Co.  is  declaring  a 
dividend  at  the  rate  of  12  per  cent,  for  the  last  half-year. 

W.  i.t  T.  Avery,  ltd. — Dividend  for  the  second  half 
of  the  year  ended  March  3 Ist  at  the  rate  of  15  per  cent,  per  annum 
on  the  ordinary  shares,  10  per  cent,  for  the  year. 


1076 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.    No.  1,857,  Jc.NE  27,  1913. 


Hanila  Electric  Railroad  and  Lighting  Corporation. 

As  European  Fiscal  Agents,  the  Municipal  and  General  Securi- 
ties, Ltd.,  bare  issued  the  eighth  annual  report  of  the  Manila 
Electric  Railroad  and  Lighting  Corporation.  The  report  states 
that  the  gross  earnings  for  the  year  ending  December  31st, 
1912,  were  $1,597,674,  being  an  increase  over  the  previous  year 
of  $144,986  or  9.98  per  cent. ;  operating  expenses  and  taxes 
increased  $82,013,  or  12.87  per  cent.,  while  the  net  earnings 
from  operation  weie  $87.3,187,  an  increase  of  $62,338,  or  7.68 
per  cent.  Interest  charges  during  the  year  were  $277,500,  and 
sinking  fund  requirements  were  $28,250,  leaving  surplus  earn- 
ings for  the  year  of  $567,437.  The  annual  appropriation  for  the 
replacement  and  renewal  fund  of  $80,000  has  been  maintained, 
and  deducting  this  from  the  year's  surplus  earnings,  there 
remains  an  available  surplus  for  the  year  of  $487,437,  being  an 
increase  of  $61,613  over  the  prerious  year.  From  this  amount 
there  have  been  paid  four  dividends  of  1}  per  cent,  each,  and 
an  additional  dividend  of  1  per  cent.,  making  7  per  cent,  for 
the  year,  aggregating  $350,000,  leaving  $137,437  over  all  dis- 
bursements and  reserves,  which  has  been  transferred  to  surplus 
account,  making  the  total  accumulated  surplus  with  reserves  at 
December  31st,  1912,  $1,362,140,  an  increase  over  1911  of 
$282,062.  The  Company  has  no  floating  debt,  the  current 
liabilities  consisting  of  accrued  interest  and  monthly  operating 
accounts.  During  the  year  1912  the  operating  expenses  included 
$160,574  for  maintenance,  and  $103,800  was  expended  on  new 
construction.  Charges  to  maintenance  were  higher  than  in  the 
previous  year  on  account  of  a  thorough  overhauling  of  the  road 
and  heavy  replacements  of  ties  and  ballast.  A  total  of  2.38 
miles  has  been  added  to  the  company's  trackage.  At  the 
beginning  of  1912  the  company  voluntarily  made  a  reduction  in 
the  then  existing  lighting  rates,  notwithstanding  which  there 
was  a  gross  increase  for  the  year  from  lighting  and  power  of 
$83,487.  The  directors  also  concluded  it  would  be  good  policy, 
in  respect  to  the  Company's  relations  with  the  public,  to  make 
a  still  further  reduction  in  the  lighting  rates,  effective  January 
1st,  1913,  which  reduction,  it  is  estimated,  will  stimulate  busi- 
ness, and  will  not  adversely  affect  the  net  earnings  of  the 
Company.  The  contract  for  street  lighting  in  the  city  of 
Manila  will  shortly  expire,  and  negotiations  are  now  in  pro- 
gress towards  renewal  on  terms  satisfactory  to  the  Company. 
Business  conditions  were  somewhat  unsettled  during  the  last  six 
months  of  1912,  a  strike  and  boycott  in  the  tobacco  industry 
was  in  progress  and  weather  conditions  were  unfavourable. 
Dividends  have  been  paid  as  follows:  1905,  8  per  cent.;  1907, 
3  per  cent. ;  1908,  4  per  cent. ;  1909,  4  per  cent. ;  1910,  4  per 
cent. ;  1911,  6i  per  cent. ;  1912,  7  per  cent.  Beginning  with  tne 
quarter  ended  March  31st,  1913,  the  directors  increased  the 
dividend  rates  from  6  per  cent,  to  7  per  cent,  per  annum. 
Since  the  beginning  of  the  current  fiscal  year,  there  has  been 
added  S33.0O0  face  value  of  the  5  per  cent.  Fifty-year  First  Lien 
and  Collateral  Trust  Sinking  Fund  Gold  Bonds'  to  the  sinking 
fund,  making  the  total  bonds  in  that  fund  $183,000. 


Paris  Metropolitan  Railway. 

The  report  of  the  Compagnie  dn  Chemin  de  Fer  Metropolitan  de 
Pans  states  that  down  to  the  end  of  1912  no  line  had  been  handed 
over  by  the  City  of  Paris  since  the  Place  Pereire  de  Champerret  line 
in  1910,  which  was  opened  for  traffic  in  February.  HUl.  althougrh 
one  section  had  been  rendered  available  in  April,  1913.  and  a  second 
was  pending.  Nevertheless,  the  company  had  not  remained  in- 
active, as  advantage  had  been  taken  of  the  stoppage  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  network  to  complete  and  improve  the  lines  already  in 
operation,  and  to  prepare  for  the  rapid  execution  of  various  works. 
These  included  permanent-way  works,  the  construction  of  further 
ventilating  bays,  the  erection  of  additional  vertical  lifts,  works  at 
the  generating  and  sub-stations,  and  the  laying  of  new  three-phase 
cables,  which  will  permit  of  all  the  sub-stations  being  sup- 
plied from  the  Saint  Denis  station  of  the  Paris  Electrical 
Distribution  Co.  The  length  of  the  railway  in  operation  remained 
at  44  miles  thronghout  the  year,  and  the  average  net  receipts 
amounted  to  £12,^01  per  mile,  as  compared  with  £12.468  in  1911. 
It  is  submitted  that  the  increase  would  have  been  considerably 
greater  had  it  not  been  for  the  new  and  very  active  competition  of 
motor-omnibuses,  particularly  in  the  final  months  of  the  year. 
Whilst  the  transformation  had  yielded  to  the  Omnibus  Co.  an 
excess  of  i352,000  in  receipts,  as  contrasted  with  the  preceding 
year,  the  Metropolitan  Co.s  receipts  advanced  by  £41,000,  with 
a  network  which  practically  experienced  no  change.  Since  the 
motor-omnibuses  entirely  replaced  the  older  buses — that  is,  since 
the  last  days  in  December,  1;M2— a  slight  reduction  in  the  receipts 
had  taken  place.  The  decline  only  averaged  £29  per  day  in  the 
first  four  months  of  1913,  notwithstanding  that  the  railway  com- 
pany benefited  from  the  strike  of  the  taxi-cab  drivers  in  the 
corresponding  period  in  1912,  but  in  the  last  six  weeks  of  the 
four  months  the  deficiency  had  given  place  to  an  increase  of 
£77  per  day.  There  was  consequently  no  retrogression,  but 
merely  a  temporary  stagnation,  and  there  was  no  doubt  that  the 
increasing  progression  would  soon  be  resumed. 

The  total  receipts,  including  sundry  items,  amounted  to 
£2,216,000  in  1912,  and  the  working  expenses  were  .*:942,000,  the 
ratio  of  expenses  to  receipts  having  been  42  .'12  per  cent,,  as  com- 
pared with  4201  per  cent  in  IC'll.  After  deducting  the 
contractual  payment  of  £711,000  to  the  City  of  Paris,  meeting 
general  expenses,  loan  charges,  ic,  the  net  profits  are  returned  at 
£348.000.  as  against  £342,000  in  1911,  and  a  dividend  of  178.  2d 
(8'6  per  cent.)  per  share  has  b««n  declared,  as  compared  with 
16a.  9id-  in  the  prerions  year.    The  oidinary  and  deferred  shaiee 


represent  a  capital  of  £3,000,000,  and  the  loan  capital  totals 
£4.00",0()0.  Application  has  now  been  made  to  the  responsible 
authorities  for  permission  to  make  a  fresh  issue  of 
£l,OnO,000  in  bonds  out  of  the  emission  of  £3,000,000 
which  was  approved  in  general  meeting  in  liUO,  and  it  is 
expected  that  the  loan  will  be  offered  for  subscription  in  the 
current  half-year.  During  1912  the  bonuses  granted  to  the 
jiersoiintl  for  the  purpose  of  interesting  them  in  the  eflScieut 
working  of  the  railway  reached  the  sum  of  £37,100,  this  com- 
paring with  £35.900  in  1911,  and  the  number  of  employes  and 
agents  rose  from  5,262  at  the  end  of  1911  to  5.30S  at  the  close  of 
1912.  A  second  matter  in  which  the  company  takes  an  interest  in 
its  workers  relates  to  the  provision,  in  conjunction  with  the  Cheap 
Dwellings  Co.,  which  was  formed  in  1910  with  the  financial  assist- 
ance of  the  Metropolitan  Co.,  of  block  dwellings  for  the  railway 
workers,  whilst  at  the  same  time  the  company  has  now  advanced 
loans  totalling  £40,000,  at  from  2J  to  3  per  cent,  for  the  erection 
of  small  hoases  in  Paris  and  the  suburbs.  A  five-storey  block  has 
jQst  been  completed  at  Saint-Oaen  for  the  accommodation  of  47 
families — of  those  workers  who  have  the  largest  families  and  the 
lowest  wages — the  rente  ranging  from  4s.  to  os.  7d.  per  week,  for 
three  or  four  rooms. 


Continental. —  Fhaxce. — Another  large  company  has 
been  formed  in  France  in  connection  with  the  supply  of  electrical 
energy  for  power  purposes.  The  latest  is  the  Societe  de  TElectricite 
de  la  Region  A'alenciennes-Anzin,  the  capital  of  the  concern  beins 
£800,000. 

The  report  of  the  Societe  Westinghonse,  of  Paris,  for  the  last 
financial  year  shows  a  profit  of  £4,230,  as  against  the  loss  of  £7,663 
in  the  preceding  12  months. 

La  Societe  Generale  d'Eatreprises  Electriques  is  the  name  of  a 
new  company  which  has  just  been  formed  in  Paris  (71,  Boulevard 
Raspail),  with  a  capital  of  £12,000. 

The  balance  sheet  of  La  Societe  Continental  Edison,  of  Paris,  for 
the  last  financial  year,  shows  a  profit  of  £147,348,  as  compared 
with  £151,420  in  the  preceding  12  months. 

La  Societe  des  Ateliers  Electriques  Roche-Grandjean  is  the  name 
of  a  new  company  which  has  just  been  formed  in  Paris  (27, 
Boulevard  de  la  Chapelle)  with  a  capital  of  £ln,400.  to  carry  on 
the  electrical  engineering  works  known  by  the  same  name. 

Just  recently  there  has  been  quite  a  rush  in  the  formation  of 
new  companies  in  connection  with  electricity  supply  undertakings 
in  France.  Among  the  new  concerns  are  the  Societe  des  Forces 
Motrices  de  la  Lone,  which  has  been  organised  in  Paris  (69,  Rue  de 
Miromesnil)  with  a  capital  of  £44,000.  to  put  down  a  plant  to 
utQise  the  water  power  of  the  R  vver  La  Loue,  at  Mouthier  (Donbs), 
in  the  generation  of  electrical  energy  for  lierhting  and  power 
purposes  :  La  Societe  Electro- 1 ndustrielle  de  Chorges,  formed  at 
Chor<res  in  the  Hautes  Alpes,  with  a  capital  of  £3,000,  to  establish 
a  small  plant  to  utilise  certain  available  water  power  near  that 
little  towTi  :  and  the  Compagnie  de  I'Electricite  d'lvry-le-Prc  to 
establish  a  small  central  electric  lighting  station  in  the  little  town 
of  Ivry-le-Pre  (Cher.). 

La  Societe  des  Forces  Motrices  dn  Breda  et  de  la  Grande  Valloiie 
is  the  name  of  a  new  company  which  has  lately  been  formed  at 
Lancey  (Isere).  with  a  capital  of  £44,000,  to  establish  a  plant  to 
utilise  the  water  power  of  the  rivers  Breda  and  Grande  Valloire,  in 
the  Itere  Department,  in  the  generation  of  electrical  energy  for 
lighting  and  power  purposes.  Another  new  concern  is  the  Societe 
Sarthoise  d'Electricite,  formed  at  Le  Mans  (Sarthe),  with  a  capital 
of  £16,000,  to  establish  a  small  central  electric  lighting  station  in 
that  town. 

BELGirM. — The  balance-sheet  of  the  Antwerp  Telephone  and 
Electrical  Works,  of  Berchem,  Antwerp,  for  the  last  financial  year 
shows  a  loss  of  £5,836. 

La  Societe  Beige  pour  la  Fabrication  des  Cables  et  Fils  Elec- 
triques. of  Brussels,  reports  a  net  profit  of  £9,294  for  the  laat 
financial  year. 

Germany. — The  Deutsch  Ueberseeische  Electricitats  Gesellschaft, 
of  Berlin,  reports  a  net  profit  of  £863,',i90  for  the  last  financial  year, 
an  increase  of  £137,180  over  the  preceding  12  months.  The 
dividend  is  being  increased  from  10  to  1 1  per  cent. 

The  Elektro-Mobil  Gesellschaft  is  the  name  of  a  new  company 
which  has  just  been  formed  in  Berlin,  with  a  capital  of  £5,000, 
to  start  a  new  service  of  electric  motor  cabs  in  the  German 
capital. 

HrxGART.— La  Societe  Aniiliaire  d'Eolairage  et  de  Transport  de 
Force  de  Kolozvar  is  the  name  of  a  new  company  which  has  just 
been  formed  in  Brussels  with  a  capital  of  £4.'ii)00  to  acqnire  and 
cariy  on  the  central  electric  lighting  station  of  the  Societe 
d'Eclairage  de  Clansenbourg  at  Kolozvar,  Hungary. 

Italy. — The  Societa  Elettrica  Coloniale  Icaliana  is  the  style  of  a 
company  which  has  just  been  formed  at  Milan  with  the  object  of 
erecting  electric  installations  in  Lybia  and  other  Italian  colonies. 
Its  capital  is  1,000,000  lire,  with  power  to  increase  to  2,000,000  lire. 

Chilian   Electric  Tramway  and  Liplit  Co.,  Ltd. — 

The  directors  report  that  for  the  year  1912  (including  £11,357 
brought  forward  and  after  placing  £60,000  to  renewals  reserve 
account  and  £7,00i>  to  insurance  account),  there  is  an  available 
balance  of  £107,881,  out  of  which  a  dividend  of  6  per  cent,  on  the 
preference  shares  in  respect  of  the  year  1912,  amounting  to  £39.000, 
has  been  declared.  Further  dividends  in  respect  of  the  arrears  of 
interest  on  these  shares  have  also  been  declared — viz.,  6  per  cent, 
for  1901  and  5  percent,  on  account  of  1902,  amounting  in  all  to 
£60,500,  leaving  £8,381  to  be  carried  forward. 


Vol.72.     No.  l,8r.7,  Junk  27,  19l;).l  Till-:      KLKdlllCAL      UKVIHW. 


1077 


(lierman  Electrical  Companies, 

TllK  Klektr'nitalg  Gi'sAhvhiift  mnn  M'.  f.iilnnrijrr  \  '"".,  "f  Frank- 
furt-iiii-Mtiiii,  rpportH  net  prolitH,  after  (Jeduotiiifr  intorcHt  on  loaiiH 
and  banking;  chartrcH  and  tneetinif  general  expenHtH,  amountintr  to 
£81,000  in  IIM 2,  UB  compared  with  £70,000  in  the  previous  year. 
The  directors  recommend  a  dividend  of  6  per  cent.,  an  OKainiit  it  per 
cent,  in  I'.HI. 

The  accounts  of  the  Klr/.tro-Tiru/i'i/iil  A.(r.,  of  Jlerliii,  ehow 
receipta  of  £tl,i!r)0  in  iyi2  as  dividend  on  the  company's  holdinjf  of 
aharca  of  £7.'iO,000  in  the  Ilamburi;  elevated  railway,  and  intereat 
amounting- to  £  15,000,  niakinpr  a  total  of  M.rtC},^'>0.  On  the  other 
hand,  intereat  on  loans  absorbed  JC8H,8.")0,  leaving  net  protits  of 
£23,000,  as  the  general  expenses  were  borne  by  the  founders,  the 
A.E.G.and  the  Siemene-Schuckert  Works. 

The  report  of  llurtmunn  S'  lliuini,  A.G.,  of  Frank furt-on-Mai n, 
gtaten  that  the  departments  were  abundantly  provided  with  orders 
in  lit  1 2,  and  the  number  of  emploji's  had  to  be  increased,  namely, 
from  7()<i  in  1911,  to  S.IO  last  year.  As  gross  profits  the  accounts 
exhibit  the  sum  of  i;9:i,000,  as  compared  with  €81,000  in  1911, 
and  the  amount  of  £9,700  has  been  placed  to  depreciation,  as 
against  £7,.')U0  in  the  previous  year.  After  defraying  general 
expenses,  interest  on  loans,  and  making  other  appropriations,  the 
net  profits  are  returned  at  £29,000  as  contrasted  with  £24,000  in 
1911.  The  dividend  in  contemplation  is  10  per  cent,  on  share 
capital  of  £8.'), 000,  being  the  same  rate  as  in  each  of  the  two 
preceding  years. 

The  report  for  1912  of  the  Jh-tttxchc  Pope  Lampe.n,  of  Ai.r-lu- 
Chapellc,  indicates  a  further  deficiency,  which  is  chiefly  attributed 
to  the  fall  in  prices  which  was  mainly  due  to  over-production. 
The  new  manufactures  which  were  undertaken  during  the  year, 
afforded  no  compensation  for  the  decline,  and  the  battery  depart- 
ment was  still  unable  to  yield  any  return.  The  "ductile  lamp" 
brought  out  according  to  the  company's  own  prouess,  had  not 
answered  the  purpose,  and  a  reversion  took  place  to  the  former 
type  of  lamp  which  had  stood  the  test.  Including  the  loss  of 
£4,4Q0  incurred  in  1910  and  1911,  the  total  deficiency  amounts  to 
£13,400,  which  has  been  carried  forward.  It  is  added  that  the 
cost  of  producing  the  Pope  lamp  has  been  considerably  reduced  in 
the  current  financial  year. 


Anstrian  Electrical  Companies. 

The  Hungarian  Sirmen.t-Schuc'kert-M'ork/;  Co.,  of  Biida-Pestn, which 
has  works  at  Pressburgand  Gyomro,  realised  net  profits  of  £13,100 
in  1912,  as  contrasted  with  £12,500  in  the  preceding  year,  and 
proposes  to  distribute  (>  per  cent ,  as  in  1911,  on  a  share  capital  of 
£166,000.  It  is  now  intended  to  raise  the  share  capital  to 
£333,000,  in  order  to  defray  the  cost  of  the  newly  erected  cable 
factory,  and  the  issue  will  be  carried  out  by  the  syndicate  headed 
by  the  Austrian  Landerbank. 

The  accounts  of  the  Austrian  Siemenn-Schvckert  Works  Co.  show 
net  profits  and  balance  forward  of  £83,500  for  1912.  as  compared 
with  £75,000  in  the  previous  year.  It  is  proposed  to  pay  a  divi- 
dend of  7  per  cent,  on  the  share  capital  of  £1,000,000,  this  con- 
trasting with  6  per  cent,  in  1911.  During  the  present  year,  the 
report  states  that  new  contracts  have  become  slower,  although  the 
stock  of  orders  still  remains  satisfactory.  It  has  been  decided  to 
increase  the  share  capital  to  £1,333,000  by  the  issue  of  new  shares 
of  £333,000. 

The  directors  of  iheA.EG.  Union  CrsrlUrhaft,  of  Vienna,  itiXe 
in  their  report  for  1912  that  the  works  were  fully  employed  during 
the  favourable  situation  of  trade  in  general  last  year,  and  the 
orders  brought  forward  in  the  new  year  would  afford  an  abund- 
ance of  work  for  several  months.  The  company  was  not  affected 
by  the  results  of  the  political  events  in  the  final  quarter  of  the 
year.  The  considerable  turnover  in  1912  and  the  incidental  large 
increase  in  stocks,  the  deliveries  not  yet  brought  into  account,  and 
the  extension  of  the  works,  gave  occasion  to  the  issue  of  the  pre- 
viously authorised  new  capital  of  £160,000,  and  this  also  rendered 
it  possible  for  the  company  to  undertake  the  manufacture  of  other 
products.  The  gross  profits  reached  £129,000,  as  contrasted  with 
£110,0u0  in  1911,  and  the  net  profits  were  £50,100  as  against 
£44,700.  It  is  proposed  to  pay  8  percent,  for  1912  as  compared 
with  7  per  cent,  in  the  previous  year.  The  completion  of  the 
Pressburg-Vienna  Railway  is  expected  to  take  place  this  year. 


Continental  Electrical  Companies. 

ftu-iitu- Italian  Enterprise. — The  Gesellschaft  Columbus  fur  Elek- 
trische  Unternehmungen  has  just  been  formed  at  Glarus,  Switzer- 
land, with  a  nominal  share  capital  of  £1,000,000,  of  which 
£640,000  has  been  issued,  and  on  which  20  per  cent,  has  been  paid. 
The  object  is  to  invest  in  and  carry  out  electrical  undertakings  of 
all  kinds,  particularly  in  the  Argentine  Republic,  and  the  company 
is  credited  with  having  already  acquired  three-fourths  of  the  shares 
in  the  Italian-Argentine  Electricity  Co.,  of  Buenos  Ayres.  The 
board  of  directors  includes  representatives  of  Brown,  Boveri  &  Co., 
the  Swiss  Railway  Bank  of  Basle,  the  banking  firm  of  Leu  \-  Co., 
the  Swiss  Rank  Co.,  of  Zurich,  the  Credito  Italiano  and  the  Ctm- 
pania  Italo-Argentina  de  Electricitad,  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

The  Paris  Xorth-Soutk  Builwai/. — The  working  receipts  of  the 
Chemin  de  Fer  Electrique  Nord-Sud,  of  Paris,  amounted  to 
£342.000  in  1912,  or  £60,o00  in  excess  of  the  preceding  year,  and 
the  ratio  of  working  expenses  to  gross  receipts  was  51-80  per  cent., 
as  compared  with  52  per  cent,  in  1911.  The  net  profits  were 
£80,000,    as  against    £69,000,  and   the  dividend    remains    at   58. 


I)cr  »haro  on  an  ordinary  nhare  capital  of  tLA,»Oij,n»tJ,  m  in  the 
preceding  year. 

The  report  of  the  Alrlirm  ilr  Consln/rlionii  Kl/-rt rit/vrM  du  JS'ord 
ft  lie  I' Kit,  of  Jeiimont,  HtotcM  that  the  turnover  in  1912  exceeded 
that  of  the  previous  year  by  28  per  cent,  notwithiitandinif  the 
prevalence  of  exceHaively  keen  comiMjtition.  Kxten»ionM  of  the  luRe 
machine  ahopH  wore  carried  out  bo  bh  to  li-  able  to  conatruct  the 
largest  iiiachines,  and  the  12,00o  kw.  alternator  delivered  to  the 
Saint  Denia  station  of  the  I'aria  Elf-ctricity  Co.  ha^l  been  put  into 
operation  with  complete  Buccesa.  The  lofMimotive  of  1,500  n.l'„ 
which  was  Hupplied  to  the  Compagnie  du  .Midi  for  the  haulaffe  of 
heavy  and  high-speed  trains  on  mountain  liuea.  hod  yielded  rtaulta 
which  had  induced  the  railway  company  to  order  eight  further 
locomotives  of  the  same  type.  Aa  a  result  of  the  increaainu 
number  of  customers  in  the  vicinity  of  Paris,  the  company  h»d 
thought  it  advantageous  to  have  ahopa  within  ea'y  reach 
of  the  city,  and  the  works  of  the  Societe  des  Proced6e 
Claret  and  Vuilltumier  had  been  acquired  for  the 
purpose.  The  pig-iron,  bronze  and  steel  founders  were  in  foil 
operation,  and  the  company's  steel  castings,  in  particular,  were 
much  appreciated.  Concerning  the  cable  factory,  the  report  men- 
tions that  it  was  very  well  occupied  despite  competition,  and  the 
turnover  in  armoured  cables  was  36  per  cent,  in  excess  of  1911. 
The  production  and  sale  of  rubber  insulated  wires  and  cables  were 
extended  and  the  factory  for  insulated  tubes  is  fully  employed  ; 
whilst  the  rolling  mill  and  wire-drawing  mill  were  brought  into 
nse  in  April,  1912.  The  accounts  indicate  a  gross  surplus  of 
£i44,00Oand  profitp,  after  defraying  general  expenses  and  setting 
aside  £60000  for  depreciation,  as  against  £22,000  in  1911,  amount- 
ing to  £81,000,  as  contrasted  with  £59.000  in  1911.  A  dividend 
at  the  rate  of  64  per  cent,  has  been  declared  on  share  capital  of 
£1,000,000,  this  comparing  with  6  per  cent,  in  the  previous  year. 

The  greatest  oversta  electricity  supply  undertaking — that  of  the 
German  Transniarinr  Elfvt rieitij  Co,  of  Berlin — experienced  a 
further  course  of  favourable  development  at  Buenos  Ayres  in  1912. 
Not  only  so,  but  as  all  the  parts  of  the  city  upon  which  buildings 
have  been  erected  will  be  equipped  with  distributing  mains  in  the 
present  year,  the  directors  entertain  no  apprehensions  that  the 
prosperity  of  the  enterprise  will  be  prejudiced  by  the  competition  of 
the  ItaloArgentine  Electricity  Co.,  which  was  granted  a  lighting 
concession  by  the  municipal  council  in  1912,  or  of  the  Lacroze 
Tramway  Co.,  which  also  applied  for  a  similar  concession.  Apart 
from  the  supply  of  electrical  energy  for  lighting  and  power 
purposes  in  Buenos  Ayres,  for  the  operation  of  tramways  and  for 
the  working  of  the  underground  railway  which  is  to  be  opened  this 
year,  the  company  also  owns  supply  works  at  Santiago  and  is 
likewise  financially  interested  in  other  lighting  undertakings  and 
tramways  in  Buenos  Ayres,  the  Chilian  Electric  Tramway  and  Light 
Co.,  the  Valparaiso  tramway  and  the  Trans-Atlantica  tramway  at 
Monte  Video.  The  total  of  these  investments  amounts  to 
£1,398,000,  whilst  the  advances  made  to  these  and  other  companies 
represent  a  further  sum  of  £2,655,000.  The  capacity  of  the  com- 
pany's works  at  Buenos  Ayres  increased  from  74,760  kw.  in  1911,  to 
100,300  KW.  in  1912,  and  the  length  of  mains  from  1900  to  2,213 
miles;  the  connections  rose  by  19,000  KW.,  to  134,980  KW.,  apart 
from  22,820  KW.  for  the  tramways  ;  and  the  production  advanced 
from  193,350,000  KW. -hours  in  1911,  to  209,970,000  last  year.  As 
gross  profits  from  working,  dividends,  .tc  ,  the  accounts  show  the 
amount  of  £1,474,000,  as  compared  with  £1,203,000  in  1911,  and 
after  meeting  general  expenses  and  taxes,  interest  on  loans 
(£210,000),  and  depreciation  (£308,000),  the  net  profits  are  returned 
at  £663,000,  as  contrasted  with  £526,000  in  the  previous  year.  It 
is  proposed  to  pay  a  dividend  of  11  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  share 
capital  of  £5.000,000,  and  n\  per  cent,  on  new  capital  of  £1,000,000, 
leaving  £14,000  to  be  carried  forward.  This  result  compares  with 
10  per  cent,  in  each  of  the  three  preceding  years.  The  loan  capital 
in  1912  amounted  to  £4.213,000,  and  had  recently  been  increased  to 
£5,463,000  by  the  issue  of  £1,250,000  in  new  bonds. 


Mexican  liglit  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  accounts  for  the  year  ended  December  31st,  1912,  shows  that 
the  net  revenue  in  gold,  after  paying  all  expenses  and  fixed  charges, 
amounted  to  $1,372,686,  which,  with  $984,127  brought  forward, 
makes  a  total  credit  balance  to  profit  and  loss  account  of  §2,356,813. 
Of  this  the  directors  have  paid  a  dividend  of  7  per  cent,  on  the 
preferred  shares,  and  4  per  cent,  on  the  ordinary  shares,  absorbing 
$963,400,  and  have  placed  to  reserve  account  ?209,008,  and  there 
remains  a  balance  to  the  credit  of  profit  and  loss  account  of 
$1,184,405.  The  reserve  account,  after  crediting  the  ^amount 
carried  from  profit  and  loss  account,  has  been  reduced  to  $300,000 
by  debiting  to  such  account  $336,892  for  extraordinary  expenses 
incurred  during  the  year.  In  order  to  ensure  proper  protection  of 
the  company's  properties,  and  the  continuous  operation  of  its 
service  during  the  recent  disturbance  in  Mexico,  the  management 
was  obliged  to  incur  a  considerable  amount  of  extraordinary 
expenditure,  and  the  company  was  able  to  maintain  its  services  in 
a  very  satisfactory  manner,  and  did  not  sustain  any  serious  damage 
to  its  property.  The  statistics  show  an  increase  in  the  sale  of 
power  over  the  previous  years,  but  not  so  great  as  it  should  have 
been  if  the  condition  of  the  Republic  had  been  normal.  The 
operating  expenses,  however,  show  a  reduction  from  3r06  per  cent, 
in  1911,  to  2468  per  cent,  in  1912.  The  extension  of  the  system 
of  canals  and  tunnels  to  divert  several  rivers  into  the  Xecaxa 
watershed  has  been  proceeded  with  as  rapidly  as  the  conditions 
have  permitted,  and  although  the  work  has  not  been  completed  quite 
as  soon  as  was  anticipated,  the  board  expect  that  the  entire  system 
will  be   finished   and  in  operation  during  the  course  of  the  year. 


1078 


THE    ELECTRICAL    EEVIEW.  •      [Voi.  72.  No.  1,857,  jcne  27,  1913. 


Daring  the  year  the  Mexican  Lig-ht  and  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  acquired 
the  El  Oro  Lijrht  and  Power  Co.  (Cia.  de  Lnz  y  Faerza  de  El  Oro, 
S.A.),  which  the  board  believe  will  prove  a  profitable  inveetment. 
The  storage  in  all  the  reservoirs  at  December,  1912,  was  08,400,768 
cb.  metres,  or  an  increase  of  13,!).js,489  6b.  metres,  and  greater 
than  ever  in  the  history  of  the  company.  Since  the  beginning  of 
1913  Mr.  R.  C.  Brown  has  been  appointed  vice-president  of  the 
company,  and  Mr.  Harro  Harrsen,  after  beinjr  elected  a  director, 
has  been  appointed  managing  director,  resident  in  Mexico  City, 
Mr.  C.  B.  Graves,  late  vice-president  and  general  manager  of  the 
Manila  Electric  Railway  and  Light  Co.,  being  appointed  general 
manager.  The  directors  express  their  great  appreciation  of  the 
services  during  the  past  year  of  Mr.  R.  C.  Brown,  managing 
director,  and  also  of  the  officials  resident  in  Mexico  during  a  very 
trying  period,  especially  Mr.  H.  Harrsen,  general  manager,  and  Mr. 
Luis  Riba,  legal  representative. 

The  capacity  of  generating  plants  is  as  follows  : — Necaza, 
94,000  HP.:  San  Ildefonso  and  other  small  plants,  10,777  H. P.; 
Pachuca  Light  and  Power  Co..  12,140  h. p.— Total,  11(;.917  h.p. 

Reserve  steam  plants  in  Mexico  City,  including  Mexico  Tram- 
ways Co.  plant,  14.250  u. P.— Grand  total,  131,167  h.p. 

Installations  connected. — The  number  of  arc  lamps  has  decreased 
from  3,914  to  3,055:  incandescent  lamps  have  advanced  from 
400,422  (33  246  HP.)  to  466,256  (31,042  H.p),  and  motors  from 
.^8,532  H.p.  to  99,6:il  H.P.  The  total  connected  is  130,673  h.p.,  as 
compared  with  121,778  h.p. 

1911.  1912. 

Gross  earnings  87.581,027      §8,034,539 

Operating  expenses  and  maintenance        2,195,028         1,853,143 


Net  earnings 


§5,385,999       $6,181,396 

(Mexican  currency.) 


Mexico  Tramways  Co. 

The  sixth  annual  report,  for  the  year  ended  December,  1912,  states 
that  the  operation  of  the  company'p  undertaking  during  the  year 
has  shown  a  satisfactory  increase.  The  net  revenue  in  gold  for 
1912,  after  paying  all  expenses  and  fixed  charges,  amounted  to 
§1,830,480,  which,  with  the  balance  brought  forward  from  1911, 
makes  a  total  credit  balance  to  profit  and  loss  account  for  the  year 
of  S2, 617, 046,  out  of  which  the  directors  have  paid  four  quarterly 
dividends  at  the  rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum,  leaving  a  balance 
in  the  profit  and  loss  account  of  §1,462,928,  which  has  been  carried 
forward.  The  ratio  of  operating  expenses  to  gross  income  for  the 
year  1912  was  47  per  cent.,  as  compared  with  48'57  per  cent,  in 
1911.  In  order  to  ensure  proper  protection  of  the  company's  pro- 
perties and  the  continuous  operation  of  its  service  during  the  recent 
disturbance  in  Mexico,  the  management  was  obliged  to  incur  a 
considerable  amount  of  extraordinary  expenditure,  and  as  a  result 
the  company  was  able  to  maintain  its  services  in  a  very  satisfactory 
manner,  and  did  not  sustain  any  serious  damage  to  its  property. 
At  December,  1912.  the  tramway  system  consisted  of  208.30  miles 
of  single  track,  of  which  193  30  miles  were  operated  by  electricity, 
and  15  miles  by  mules — the  electric  track  mileage  having  been 
increased  by  1780  miles  and  the  mule  track  mileage  having  been 
reduced  by  4  55  miles.  The  first  sections  of  the  suburban  lines  to 
Toluca  and  Puebla,  respectively,  have  been  placed  in  operation  ; 
the  Toluca  section  as  far  as  Cuajimalpa,  a  dictance  of  5'405  miles 
from  Santa  Fe,  and  the  Puebla  section  as  far  as  Tulyehualco,  a 
distance  of  6'878  miles  from  Xochimilco.  The  mule  lines  were  elec- 
trified during  the  year  from  Ixtacalco  to  Ixtapalapa,  and  from 
Tacubaya  to  Santa  Fe.  The  physical  condition  of  the  company's 
undertaking  in  all  departments  is  satisfactory.  The  property  has 
been  maintained  in  excellent  condition  and  repair,  and  for  this 
purpose  ?735,075,  Mexican  currency,  has  been  expended  during  the 
year.  The  company  has  constructed  11  first-class  electric  passenger 
cars,  as  well  as  eight  other  cars. 

Since  the  beginning  of  1913,  Mr.  R.  C.  Brown  has  been  appointed 
vice-president,  and  Mr.  H.  Harrsen,  after  being  elected  a  director, 
has  been  appointed  managing  director,  resident  in  Mexico  city, 
Mr.  C.  B.  Graves,  late  vice-president  and  general  manager  of  the 
Manila  Electric  Railway  and  Light  Co.,  being  appointed  general 
manager. 

The  directors  express  their  appreciation  of  the  services  of  Mr. 
R.  C.  Brown,  managing  director,  and  also  of  the  officials  resident 
in  Mexico  during  a  very  trying  period,  particularly  of  Mr.  Harro 
Harrsen,  genertd  manager,  and  Mr.  Luis  Riba,  legal  representative 


Iron  Electricity  Meter,  Ltd, 

The  directors'  report  for  the  year  ended  March  Slst,  1913,  shows, 
after  providing  for  general  charges  and  depreciation,  a  net  profit  of 
de32,053,  making,  with  £4,456  brought  forward,  a  total  available 
profit  of  £37,109.  Out  of  this  the  directors  distributed  in  December 
last  a  dividend  of  3  per  cent,  on  the  preference  shares,  absorbing 
£3,747,  leaving  to  be  disposed  of  £33,362.  The  directors  recommend 
a  further  3  per  cent,  on  the  preference  shares,  making  a  total  for 
the  year  of  6  per  cent.,  absorbing  £3,747,  a  dividend  of  7  per  cent, 
on  the  ordinary  shares,  absorbing  £8,750,  transfer  to  reserve 
towards  goodwill  and  patents  of  £15,000  (making  this  reserve 
£55,000),  carrying  forward  £5,865.  The  ptist  year's  trading  in 
electricity  meters  and  taximeters  has  again  been  most  satisfactory, 
the  sales  having  exceeded  those  of  any  previous  year.  The  com- 
pany's factories  have  been  fully  employed,  and  the  necessary 
extensions  to  cope  with  the  increased  businesg  are  being  carried  out. 
The  meeting  ii  called  for  July  let. 


Edison  &  Swan  United  Electric  Light  Co.,  Ltd. 

Mb.  Ellice  Clark  presided  at  the  Cannon  Street  Hotel  on  June 
18th,  over  a  meeting  of  the  first  debenture  stock  of  the  above  com- 
pany, for  the  purpose  of  considering,  and  if  thought  fit,  passing  :"^e 
resolution  which  appeared  in  the  Elkc.  Rev.  for  June  6th,  p.  951. 

The  Chair.max  said  he  was  in  the  chair  as  the  surviving  trustee. 
Some  attention  had  been  caljed  in  the  Press  to  the  fact  that  he 
occupied  the  dual  position  of  a  director  of  the  company  and  a 
trustee  for  the  debenture-holders.  It  was  only  due  to  him  to  state 
the  circumstance  under  which  he  became  their  trustee.  The  late 
Mr.  Forbes,  who  was  chairman  for  many  years  of  Edison  A;  Swan, 
resigned  the  position  of  trustee  for  the  debenture-holders,  and  for 
the  purpose  of  economy  he  (the  speaker)  was  appointed  a  trustee 
in  his  place  without  receiving  any  remuneration.  Whilst  the  late 
Lord  Avebury,  who  was  a  trustee,  was  alive,  that  was  a  satisfactory 
arrangement,  but  now  that  arrangement  must  be  subject  to 
revision,  and  he  proposed,  in  the  course  of  a  few  days,  to  resign  big 
position  as  trustee.  He  did  not  propose  to  make  any  remarks  as  to 
the  scheme  himself,  but  would  leave  that  to  Mr.  Ford,  the  chair- 
man of  the  company. 

Mr,  C.  J.  FORI)  said  they  had  all  had  before  them  the  circular, 
but  he  would  like  to  give  some  further  information  respecting  the 
position  of  the  company,  and  the  reasons  which  had  induced  the 
board  to  ask  their  assent  to  the  proposals.  He  was  approached 
some  three  years  ago  by  an  influential  body  of  shareholders,  with  a 
view  to  becoming  director  and  chairman  of  the  company  ;  he 
gathered,  amongst  other  things,  that  the  company  was  in  want  of 
funds,  and  he  informed  the  parties  that  no  one  could  be  expected 
to  take  up  the  position  unless  both  the  share  and  debenture  stock- 
holders were  prepared  to  support  him  in  some  scheme  with  the 
object  of  providing  further  capital.  After  many  discussions,  the 
OQiy  apparent  means  available  was  the  uncalled  capital  upon  the 
"  A  "  shares  which  was  pledged  to  the  debenture-holders.  So  far 
as  he  could  judge,  there  was  no  other  practical  course  open  to  him 
except  that  which  they  proposed  to  adopt.  It  had  been  suggested 
that  they  might  dispose  of  their  interest  in  the  Altrincham  Co., 
and  there  were  at  least  two  objections  to  that.  It  could  only  be 
done  by  forming  a  company  to  take  over  the  whole  undertaking  of 
the  Altrincham  Co.,  and  if  this  were  done  the  Edison  ■.V  Swan  Co., 
as  the  promoter  and  vendor,  would  have  to  take  a  large  proportion 
of  the  purchase  price  in  securities  of  the  new  company.  On  the 
other  hand,  whatever  cash  they  might  receive  would  have  to  be 
secured  by  way  of  underwriting  the  new  shares,  and  they  would 
also  have  to  underwrite  the  working  capital.  This  would  be  expen- 
sive, and  the  fullest  benefit  they  could  possibly  derive  from  the 
whole  transaction  would  not  furnish  them  with  sufficient  cash  to 
meet  their  requirements.  Then,  again,  the  Altrincham  Co.  was 
profrressing  very  favourably,  and  last  year  the  net  profit,  before 
paying  debenture  interest,  which  absorbed  £1,250,  was  £5,750.  This 
year  it  was  calculated  the  profit  would  not  fall  short  of  £7,250. 
This  being  so,  it  was  extremely  advantageous  to  retain  the 
Altrincham  securities.  As  to  the  necessity  of  raising  further  money, 
as  they  knew,  the  company  were  originally  the  sole  owners  of  the 
patents  relating  to  the  incandescent  carbon  lamp,  and  practically 
held  a  monopoly  until  the  year  1893,  when  the  patents  expired. 
During  that  time  large  profits  were  made,  but  so  far  as  he  could 
judge,  far  too  large  dividends  were  distributed.  After  the  expiry  of 
the  patents  the  manufacture  of  electric  incandescent  lamps  was 
thrown  open  to  competition,  and  the  company's  profits  began  to 
fall  away.  In  1901  the  metallic-filament  lamp  came  in,  and  this 
necessitated  the  expenditure  of  a  large  sum  of  money  on  new  plant, 
which,  he  was  informed,  had  amounted  to  upwards  of  £30,000. 
The  plant  had  hardly  been  installed  when  the  metallic-filament 
lamp  was,  in  part,  superseded  by  the  drawn-wire  filament,  and 
about  £  1 5,000  was  expended  in  new  plant  to  manufacture  this 
type  of  lamp.  They  had  also  an  extensive  plant  at  Ponders  End 
works  for  the  general  fittings  business,  and  this  side  of  the  business 
had  been  constantly  extending.  The  engineer,  however,  told  him 
that  he  found  the  greatest  difficulty  in  handling  profitable  orders 
with  which  they  were  entrusted,  because  he  had  not  sufficient  plant 
to  cope  with  them.  He  did  not  want  them  to  think  that, 
should  they  obtain  the  money  they  wanted,  they  were  undoubtedly 
going  to  run  into  heavy  expenditure  in  new  plant,  for  as  far  as  he 
was  able  to  judge,  about  £6,000  would  do  all  they  wanted. 
One  of  'the  most  important  matters  was  that  of  properly 
bringing  their  products  before  the  public.  If  they 
obtained  this  money  they  would  enter  on  a  scheme  of  consistent 
advertising.  A  moderate  amount  of  money  prudently  employed 
could  do  a  great  deal,  and  as  they  found  their  sales  increase  they 
would  increase  their  advertising.  It  was  the  only  way  for  a  com- 
mercial concern  to  live,  and  if  they  could  not  adopt  the  course 
pursued  by  others  the  business  would  not  progress,  and  they  would 
be  lucky  if  they  did  not  recede.  They  had  a  good  name,  and  with 
push  and  publicity  he  felt  confident  that  the  company  could 
maintain  its  place  in  the  front  rank  of  the  electrical  industry. 
Since  he  had  acted  as  chairman  economies  had  been  effected,  and 
the  general  expenses  had  been  reduced  to  the  extent  of  about 
£6,000  per  annum.  Arrangements  had  been  made  to  remove  the 
London  premises  from  Queen  Street,  and  they  were  looking  out  for 
premises  possessing  a  good  show-room  in  one  of  the  leading  City 
thoroughfares.  They  were  advised  that  there  would  be  no  difficulty 
in  letting  the  Queen  Street  premises  at  a  substantial  rent.  With 
regard  to  the  scheme  itself.  Clause  1  dealt  with  the  consolidation 
of  the  existing  first  and  second  debenture  stock.  It  provided  for 
the  merging  of  the  £135,602  5  per  cent,  second  debenture  stock 
with  the  £313.872  4  per  cent,  first  debenture  stock.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  £5,977  of  the  first  debenture  stock  and  £67,000  of  the 
second  debenture  stook,  which  was  included  in  the  figure  he  had 
mentioned,  had  been  deposited  as  security  for  loans  amounting  to 


Vol.72.   No.  i,8r.7,jDNK  27,  i9i;i.]        THK    ELECTllICAIi    REVIEW. 


]()79 


i;22,O00,  and  if  the  new  monoy  wuh  available,  IhcHc  would  lio  paid 
off  and  the  Block  handed  back  to  the  truHtccH.  They  would  then  only 
have  a  total  iHMUO  of  about  J£H7ii,imiii  conHolidatcil  (li'bciiturcH.  The 
Btock  rodccmt'il  could  not  bo  inBUdl  without  the  conHint  of  the 
new  truHtecH.  Claune  2  rclatod  to  tlui  bivndini;  (wcr  to  the  truHteeH 
of  the  debenture  holdrr«  of  2r.,0()0  5  i)Pr  cent,  debentures 
and  :i:t,;M(!  Hharen  of  i' I  (acli,  fully  paiil,  in  the  Allrincham 
Kleutric  Supply,  Ltd.  The  debenturcH  were  the  total  amount 
iHHued  at  the  prenent  moment,  iind  th(!  total  (•haroB  of  the  company 
at  present  irtBued  were  :t.'.,()00,  ho  that  the  truHtecH  would  hold  prac- 
tically the  whole  of  tlie  capital  of  thiH  company.  He  waB  told  that 
some  time  back  the  Altrincham  municipality  opened  up  neifotia- 
tions  with  the  Edison  \:  Swan  Co.  for  the  purchafcc  of  the 
Altrincham  undertakiiitr.  and  that  the  company  considered  they 
were  entiHod  to  ClOO.OOn  or  thereabouts  in  cash  for  the  under- 
takiuL'.  The  business  had  made  substantial  profits  and  was  an 
inoreasinij  one  and  should  be  worth  close  on  £100.000,  and  the 
debenture-holders  in  obtainingr  this  security  in  place  of  the  £1  per 
share  uncalled  were  g-ettinp:  a  very  fair  exchanpre.  Further, 
under  the  scheme,  whenever  a  sale  did  take  place  of  the  Altrincham 
undertakiufT,  the  whole  of  the  sura  realised  would  be  available  for 
the  redemption  of  the  debenture  stock.  Since  the  origrinal  issue  of 
the  scheme,  in  order  to  meet  the  views  of  some  of  the  stock  holders 
who  thoupht  thry  were  not  g:ettin)r  a  sufficient  iin'id  pro  (juo  for 
(riving  up  the  call,  it  had  been  aprreed  also  to  specifically  charfje  to 
the  trustees  the  freehold  and  leasehold  property  of  the  Edison  and 
Swan  Co.  These  stood  in  the  books  at  .t7(!,00ti,  after  writinfj  off 
depreciation  from  time  to  time.  Clause  3  dealt  with  the  formation 
of  a  sinking  fund  for  the  redemption  of  debentures.  As  things 
now  stood  there  was  no  time  fixed  for  the  redemption  of  the 
stock  ;  now,  if  only  a  few  thousands  per  annum  were  applied 
in  redemption  either  by  purchase  in  the  market  or  by  draw- 
ings, it  all  helped  to  raise  the  price  of  the  ^tock.  Clause  4 
gave  the  company  the  right  to  call  up  an  amount  not 
exceeding  £1  of  the  uncalled  liability  of  £2  per  "  A  " 
share.  If  the  whole  of  this  amount  was  ultimately  col- 
lected it  would  produce  £99,2(')1.  Some  of  them  no  doubt  were 
shareholders  as  well  as  holders  of  the  debenture  stock,  and  no  one 
regretted  the  nece«sity  for  the  call  more  than  the  board.  He 
might  remind  shareholders  that  it  was  far  better  for  them  to  pay  up 
the  £1  of  the  liability  when  it  was  going  into  the  coffers  of  the 
company  and  would  considerably  strengthen  the  position  of  the 
company,  than  to  let  things  drag  on  as  they  were  now  with  a 
liability  always  hanging  over  their  heads  of  having  to  pay  X.1  per 
share  to  the  debenture  holders  if  things  should  go  wrong  with  the 
comoany.  To  sum  up  the  points  for  and  against  the  scheme  :  he 
would  say  that  on  the  one  hand  they  had  £67,000  second  stock  to 
rank^^'^v'  paf.su  with  the  first,  and  they  gave  up  the  right  of  what 
it  was  worth  to  perhaps  some  day  call  up  €1  per  share  on  99,000 
shares.  On  the  other  hand  they  had  specifically  charged  to  them 
£146,000  of  security  ;  the  knowledge  that  when  Altrincham  was 
old  the  proceeds  would  go  to  pay  off  the  stock  ;  an  additional 
one-half  per  cent,  interest  ;  a  sinking  fund  to  redeem  yearly  a 
portion  of  the  debentures  ;  and  a  strong  company.  If  the  scheme 
was  defeated  he  supposed  they  would  muddle  along  as  heretofore 
with  the  stock  unsaleable  at  60.  He  asked  them  to  support  the 
board  by  agreeing  to  the  present  proposals.  They  had  a  difficult 
task  before  them,  that  they  fully  realised,  but  with  the  assistance 
of  the  debenture  holders  they  were  not  afraid  of  the  future. 

Mr.  Lea  Smith  said  he  opposed  the  whole  scheme  on  principle. 
They  knew  that  the  rights  of  preference  shareholders  had  been 
wiped  out,  and  the  preference  shareholders  were  sick  of  the  whole 
thing,  and  he  did  hope  they  were  not  going  to  start  the  same 
thing  with  debenture-holders.  The  debenture-holders  subscribed 
their  money  on  the  faith  of  the  security  of  the  uncalled  capital, 
and  now  they  were  going  to  have  this  taken  away.  He  said 
deliberately  that  if  those  who  were  opposing  were  beaten,  they 
would  see  what  they  could  do.  This  was  not  a  question  of  com- 
promise, but  a  question  of  principle.  He  asked  if  it  was  fair  and 
right  for  the  directors,  without  calling  their  shareholders  together, 
to  spring  this  on  the  debenture  holders.  He  would  do  all  he  could 
to  stop  it,  and  as  an  ordinary  shareholder  he  would  not  pay  any 
call  on  his  shares  which  the  first  debentures  were  entitled  to, 
unless  he  was  forced  to  do  so  by  law. 

Me.  Lock  agree!  generally  with  Mr.  Lea  Smith  that  the  rights 
of  debenture-holders  should  not  be  interfered  with,  but  in  this  case 
he  thought  there  was  good  cause  stated  for  moderating  their  rights. 
He  was  satisfied  that  their  security  would  be  much  improved  by 
the  proposed  scheme. 

Mb.  E.  Atkin  said  that  years  ago  he  was  a  severe  critic  of  the 
company,  and  he  had  intended  that  day  supporting  Mr.  Lea  Smith, 
but  the  statement  of  the  chairman  had  converted  him. 

Mr.  Trench,  whilst  sympathising  with  the  board,  opposed  the 
scheme  on  principle,  and  wished  to  move  an  amendment  to  the 
effect  that  the  meeting  be  adjourned  until  the  new  trustee  had 
been  appointed  and  had  reported  on  the  scheme. 

The  Chairman  eaid  they  could  adjourn  the  meeting,  but  they 
would  only  be  able  to  discuss  the  matter  before  the  meeting. 

Me.  Clay  urged  an  adjournment  to  enable  the  board  to  confer 
with  some  of  the  opponents  of  the  scheme. 

After  further  discussion,  Mb.  Ford  said  he  entirely  agreed  on 
principle  that  the  merging  of  the  second  debentures  with  the  first 
was  wrong.  He  also  agreed  that  tampering  with  the  security  of 
the  debenture-holders  was  wrong.  If,  however,  they  looked  on  the 
other  side  of  the  picture,  he  contended  that  the  propositions  of  the 
board  altogether  outweighed  the  disadvantages.  He  considered 
that  the  opposition  took  great  responsibility  if  they  defeated  the 
Boheme. 

The  resolutions  were  then  proposed  by  Mb.  Fobd  and  seconded 


by  Mit.  V'li.TKlt,  and  on  a  Bhow  of  handn,  were  c«rrl«d  by  nine 
votoB  to  eight. 

Mit.  I.KA  Smi  I II  demanded  a  poll,  and  it  wm  announced  that  the 
r<*ult  would  be  declared  on  the  following  Friday. 

In  till'  afternoon  Mit.  NV.  Douiio  IIuakk  prenided  over  a  mettin^ 
of  the  second  debenture  holdcrH,  and  Mil.  Foul*  again  explained  the 
Bch<'me. 

The  rrBolutioiiB  were  carried  with  one  diitMentient. 


The  rcBult  of  the  poll  of  llie  first  deUmturo  BtockholderH,  on  the 
scheme  for  the  consolidation  of  the  firBt  and  Becond  debenture 
stocks  hhowH  that  there  were  \f<,1'.'<'<  vot«'B  freprcHenting  £16:^,002 
of  Btock)  in  favour  of  the  Bcheme  and  7,212  votes  frepreBcntintf 
£72,4  7H)  against.  StockhclilerB  attending  the  meeting  holding 
CiO  votes  (representing  £61  "i;  did  not  vote.  I'nder  the  terms  of 
the  trust  deed  a  three-fourths  majority  of  the  votes  in  the  room 
(which  would  be  I7,*>.'>2  votes)  wasnecessary  for  the  adoption  of  the 
scheme,  and  the  voting  showed  1,117  votes  short  of  this. 


I'uebia  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Co. 

The  report  of  the  directors  for  the  year  ended  December  .Slat,  IOI4 
states  that  further  improvement  is  shown  in  the  results  of  trading. 
The  net  profits  in  Mexico  in  11)12  amounted  to  £76,931,  as  wjm- 
pared  with  £67,039  for  I'.Ul,  £61,678  for  1910,  £18,678  for  19u'J, 
and  4;27,3.')4  for  1908.  After  meeting  all  expenses,  bond  interest 
and  first  mortgage  bond  sinking  fund,  there  remains  a  profit  for 
the  year  of  £3.54,  plus  the  balance  of  t6, 197  brought  forwarc^ 
making  a  balance  at  the  credit  of  profit  and  Iobh  of  £6, .5,51,  which 
it  is  recommended  should  be  carried  forward.  All  sections  of  the 
business  show  satisfactory  increases.  Having  regard  to  the  dis- 
turbed condition  of  Mexico  throughout  the  period,  the  directoni 
think  that  the  results  of  the  year's  working  may  be  considered  as 
very  encouraging.  The  construction  work  at  the  Tnxpango  Falls 
is  proceeding  satisfactorily,  and  it  is  hoped  that  it  will  be  completed 
by  October  next.  A  contract  for  the  sale  of  energy  to  the  Vera 
Cruz  Electric  Light,  Power  and  Traction,  Ltd.,  has  been  entered 
into  on  terms  satisfactory  to  both  companies.  Owing  to  pressure 
of  business  engagements,  Lord  Cowdray  has  resigned  his  seat  on 
the  board. 

Concurrently  with  the  ordinary  gencvral  meeting  of  this  com' 
pany  in  Toronto,  a  meeting  of  the  shareholders  was  held  on 
June  18th,  at  Salisbury  House,  B.C.,  Sir  Clarendon  G.  Hyde,  the 
president,  in  the  chair. 

Proposing  the  adoption  of  the  above  report,  the  Chairman,  after 
explaining  that  the  meeting  was  held  later  this  year,  owing  to  the 
recent  revolution  in  Mexico,  said  that  the  political  situation  in  that 
country  was  still  far  from  satisfactory.  It  was  a  matter  of  congratula- 
tion to  the  directors  to  know  that  no  damage  had  resulted  to  their 
property,  and  that  business  had  proceeded  throughout  the  whole 
period  of  unrest  in  a  satisfactory  manner.  Indeed,  he  was  pleased 
to  say  they  had  had  an  increase  of  business  in  all  departments. 
Late  in  February  one  of  the  company's  transmission  lines  was  cut 
by  a  brigand,  who  had  the  assurance  to  demand  a  weekly  payment 
in  order  to  permit  the  company  to  carry  on  its  business.  He  need 
hardly  tell  them  that  the  directors  did  not  comply  with  such  a 
demand.  The  development  work  upon  the  Tuxpango  Falls  had 
been  going  on  rapidly.  Commenced  in  February  of  last  year,  they 
expected  to  have  had  it  finished  by  the  end  of  April  of  this 
year.  The  local  disturbances  had  naturally  had  the  effect  of 
diminishing  the  supply  of  labour,  and  of  delaying  the  arrival  of 
machinery  and  material,  but  in  spite  of  those  drawbacks,  the  work 
was  well  in  hand.  The  power  house  was  in  course  of  erection,  the 
tunnel  was  85  per  cent,  finished,  the  pipe  line  and  other 
masonry  works  were  nearly  completed :  practically  the  whole 
of  the  pipes  and  machinery  were  on  the  ground,  and 
it  was  expected  that  the  work  would  be  finished  by 
October  1st.  The  transmission  lines  from  Tuxpango  to 
Puebla  city  were  already  finished  and  in  use.  They  were  able 
to  get  a  temporary  supply  from  the  falls  of  Orizaba,  by  arrange- 
ment with  a  local  jute  mill  company.  That  additional  supply  was 
brought  into  use  last  December,  and  would  abundantly  serve  their 
needs  until  they  were  able  to  dispense  with  it  by  the  opening  of 
their  power  house  at  Tuxpango.  In  anticipation  of  the  opening 
of  their  new  power  house,  they  had  concluded  a  contract  for  the 
sale  of  electrical  energy  to  the  Vera  Cruz  Electrical  Light,  Power 
and  Traction  Co.,  Ltd,  That  would  mean  a  large  increase  in  their 
income  by  the  supply  of  a  minimum  of  2,000  h.p,,  and  although 
the  rates  they  were  getting  were  comparatively  low,  the  contract 
at  any  rate  provided  an  immediate  market  for  a  substantial  portion 
of  their  new  available  supply,  and  whilst  relieving  their  standing 
charges,  would  do  something  more  than  pay  interest  on  the  capital 
invested.  As  the  demands  of  the  Vera  Cruz  Co.  increased,  they 
hoped  that  the  contract  would  assume  a  more  profitable  shape. 
Another  matter  of  interest  had  been  the  negotiations  for  the 
electrification  of  the  city  tramways  in  Puebla.  The  city  authorities 
were  extremely  anxious  that  the  present  mule  trams  shoulj  be 
replaced  by  electrical  traction.  The  directors  were  not  especially 
anxious  in  the  matter,  as  the  capital  involved  was  heavy,  necessi- 
tating the  entire  reconstruction  of  their  present  lines,  whilst  the 
additional  profit  to  be  derived  was  not  likely  to  be  fully  commen- 
surate with  the  expenditure.  They  must,  however,  face  the  fact 
that  the  Puebla  trams  must  sooner  or  later  be  electrified.  After 
considerable  negotiations  with  the  Governor,  they  arranged  a  con- 
tract in  which,  in  return  for  a  subsidy  and  certain  privileges,  they 
undertook  to  electrify  the  tramways  within  a  given  period.  The 
revolution  in  February  last  changed  most  of  the  officials  throughout 
the  Republic,  and  the  local  State  Congress,  when  the  contract  cam* 


1080 


'THE    ELECTKICAL    BEVIEWo       [Voi.72.  No.  1,857,  jdne  27,  1913. 


before  them,  rejected  it.  The  directors  were  not,  however,  on  that 
account  disconraffed  ;  the  demand  for  electrifying  the  tramways 
came  from  the  authorities,  and  not  from  the  company.  They  were 
glad  to  be  relieved,  in  the  present  state  of  the  Money  Market,  from 
the  necessity  of  raising  the  additional  fund?,  and  they  hoped  that 
before  the  matter  again  became  rife  the  restoration  of  order 
throughout  the  Republic,  the  additional  sales  at  their  power  house 
and  an  improved  Money  Market  here  would  place  the  company  in  a 
strong  position  to  raise  any  funds  required.  Turning  to  the 
accounts,  they  would  see  that,  although  they  had  not  yet  got  any 
benefit  from  the  capital  in  the  Tuxpango  Falls,  the  net  profits  had 
increased  by  a  little  under  £10,000.  He  thought  they  would  con- 
sider that  an  eminently  satisfactory  result,  having  regard  to  all  the 
circumstances  of  the  case.  The  profits  in  Mexico  had  increased 
from  £20,000  in  litOS  to  practically  £77,000  in  l'.)12.  When  the 
new  power  house  was  available  they  saw  no  reason  why  that  rate 
of  increase  should  not  at  least  be  maintained. 

Mb.   S.   Mackew  seconded    the    motion,   and   the    report    was 
adopted. 


Marconi  International  Marine  Conininnicatlon 
Co.,  Ltd. 

The  thirteenth  ordinary  general  meeting  was  held  on  Monday  at 
the  office,  Marconi  House,  Strand,  Mr.  Godfrey  Charles  Isaacs,  the 
managing  director,  presiding. 

The  Chaibm.\s,  in  proposing  the  adoption  of  the  report,  said  he 
was  pleased  to  say  that  the  business  of  the  company  continued  to 
develop.  During  the  past  year  there  had  been  a  very  substantial 
increase  in  the  receipts  and  in  the  number  of  ships 
equipped,  with  the  result  that  the  profit  was  between  £9,000 
and  £10,000  in  excess  of  the  previous  year.  One  of  the  items 
which  was  of  particular  interest  was  that  of  ships'  telegrams,  news 
service,  traffic  and  ships'  subsidies,  which  during  the  past  year  had 
exceeded  £l0u,000.  The  number  of  ships  tquipped  up  to  the  end 
of  last  year  was  .^iSO,  and  to  date  it  had  reached  C86,  and  he  was 
glad  to  say  that  the  number  was  continuing  to  increase  in  the  same 
ratio.  The  company  was  conducting  a  business  which  served  a 
very  valuable  purpose  for  the  mercantile  marine.  He  did  not  know 
that  there  was  another  industrial  business  which  played  a  more 
important  part  in  the  world  than  did  wireless  telegraphy  on  ships 
at  sea.  During  the  past  12  months  they  had  had  a  very 
lar^e  auniber  of  instances  where  it  was  more  than  probable 
that  in  times  past  when  there  was  no  wireless  telegraphy,  many 
ships  would  have  sailed  from  their  ports  and  would  never  again 
have  been  heard  of.  In  practically  all  those  cases  not  only  had  all 
the  passengers  been  saved,  but  the  ships  themselves  had  been  saved. 
He  did  not  know  yet  what  part  that  might  play  in  reducing  the 
cost  'of  insurance  to  shipowners,  but  it  seemed  self-evident  that 
whereas  in  the  past  a  number  of  ships  would  have  b^en  total 
losses,  in  every  instance  where  a  ship  had  been  fitted  with  wireless 
telegraphy  during  the  past  12  months  both  the  ship  and  the  cargo 
had  been  saved.  There  had  been  a  considerable  amount  of  legisla- 
tion during  the  past  year  in  nearly  all  countries,  providing  that 
ships  should  be  fitted  with  wireless  telegraphy.  There  had  been  a 
certain  limit  to  which  the  law  applied.  In  most  cases  it  only 
touched  ships  carrying  50  persons  or  more,  whether  passengers 
and  crew  or  crew  alone.  Bm  thought  that  that  was  likely 
to  be  the  beginning  of  much  legislation,  and  that  as  time  went  on 
they  would  find  that  the  laws  would  be  made  to  apply  to  every  ship 
that  sailed  from  a  port.  Personally,  he  could  not  see  why  that  should 
not  be  the  case,  for  whether  there  be  50  persons  on  a  vessel,  or  25  or 
less,  it  seemed  to  him  that  if  there  be  a  means  of  safeguarding  the  lives 
of  those  on  board,  it  should  be  applied  in  every  instance  where  it 
was  possible.  In  this  country  they  were  expecting  similar  legisla- 
tion. Exactly  what  line  it  would  take  he  was  not  yet  in  a  position 
to  say,  but  he  contemplated  that  it  would  go  rather  further  than 
the  laws  of  other  countries. 

Mb.  H.  S.  Sauxdebs  seconded  the  motion,  and  the  report  was 
adopted  without  discussion. 


STOCKS    AND    SHARES. 


Taesday  ETenlng, 
Mabket.';  round  the  Stock  Exchange,  with  very  few  exceptions, 
have  undergone  further  severe  falls  since  our  last  week's  statistics 
were  made  up.  A  lot  of  forced  stock  came  in  for  sale,  and  prices 
melted  like  snow  under  the  pressure  to  realise,  although  a  strong 
recovery  to-day,  Tuesday,  wiped  out  much  of  the  previous  fall. 
The  trouble  is  no  longer  so  much  political  as  it  is  financial,  and 
that  there  must  be  distress  in  many  quarters  is  obvious  enough 
from  the  depression  which  prevails  in  stocks  and  shares.  Quota- 
tions for  investment  securities  have  kept  tolerably  steady,  but  in 
anything  where  a  bull  account  exists  the  process  of  disintegration 
went  on  from  day  to  day  for  nearly  a  week.  On  the  eve  of  the 
present  settlement,  happily,  a  material  rally  occurred,  though  the 
worst  of  it  is  there  is  not  much  confidence  felt  with  regard  to  a 
continuance  of  the  improvement. 

Consols  went  down  to  nearly  the  lowest  price  whioh  they  have 
touched  in  their  present  2}-per-cent.  condition,  but  on  the 
quotation  picking  up  Home  Rails  accepted  the  cue  and  also 
hardened.  Metropolitans  on  Monday  were  2}  down  on  the  week, 
Districts  2^  ;  while  the  eteam  Btocks  showed  long  catalogues  of 
substantial   falls.    To-day,   Tuesday,   has  seen  the  2}  restored  to 


Metropolitans,  and  Districts  are  only  1  i  lower  on  balance.  District 
Prior  Lien  Debenture  shed  2  points,  but  Central  London  Ordinary 
regained  its  fall  of  the  week  previous.  City  of  London  19()3 
Preference  also  rose  2,  bringing  it  into  line  with  the  1901  stock. 
I'nderground  Electric  Railway  shares  fell  to  3i,  a  drop  of  J,  and 
the  Is.  shares  at  83.  9d.  were  .)'-  down,  while  the  (!  per  cent,  income 
bonds  lost  1.  Of  the  (•lower- moving  shares.  Potteries  Prefeieace 
eased  off  to  123.  6d.  The  London  and  Suburban  issues  are  a  trifle 
easier — it  will  be  noticed  that  we  have  included  these  in  our  over- 
leaf lists. 

Electricity  Supply  shares  have  attracted  a  little  attention, 
because  of  the  fresh  fall  in  City  of  London  Ordinary,  where  the 
price  has  got  downtol.'ii.  Vague  hints  reach  us  of  "something 
being  up  "  :  but  whatever  that  may  be,  the  price  is  certainly  not, 
and  the  people  who  in  the  ordinary  way  support  the  shares,  have 
been  holding  their  hands.  With  regard  to  these,  however,  as  in 
most  of  the  markets,  it  is  not  surprising  that  the  price  should  have 
given  way,  because  in  such  troublesome  times  to  attempt  a  bullish 
demonstration  is  simply  to  invite  proprietors  to  take  advantage  of 
the  opportunity  to  get  out  of  their  shares  at  what  looks  a  good 
price.  County  Preference  fell  1  to  Hi,  S!;.  James'  are  a  little 
easier  at  6],  and  Westminster  Ordinary  at  SJ  are  I  down.  Charing 
Cross  Preference  lost  an  equal  fraction  ;  and  the  only  rise  in 
the  list  is  one  of  a  in  Bournemouth  and  Poole  Second  Preference 
shares,  which  did  not  participate  last  week  in  the  advance  in  the 
other  classes  of  this  company's  shares. 

The  suggested  reconstruction  of  Crompt.on  &  Co.  served  to  stimu- 
late a  little  inquiry  for  the  company's  Debenture  stock,  and  the 
price  has  risen  2  points.  Edison  &  Swan  descriptions  are  quotably 
unchanged  on  the  battle  which  has  been  going  on  in  connection 
with  the  reorganisation  scheme,  which  was  defeated  at  the 
meeting. 

The  other  manufacturing  shares  are  fairly  steady,  though 
Henlpys  and  Callenders  receded  i,  while  Bibcock  A;  Wilcox  at  2^^ 
are  Vb  down.  Arons  have  issued  a  good  report,  showing  an  increase 
in  the  dividend  from  6  per  cent,  to  7  per  cent  ;  the  company  has 
sold  more  taximeters  in  the  past  year  than  it  has  done  previously 
in  the  course  of  its  history.  L'pon  this  the  shares  hardened  to  158, 
middle.     British  Westinghouse  +  per  cent.  Debenture  is  1  up. 

Stock  and  shares  in  the  Latin- Canadian  group  have  been  amongst 
those  most  affected  by  the  depression,  and  subsequent  recovery,  in 
the  markets  ;  at  times  some  of  the  low-priced  shares  in  this  division 
were  almost  unsaleable.  The  market  has  braced  up  from  the  worst, 
but  on  balance  there  is  a  fairly  long  list  of  declines  left.  British 
Columbia  Electric  stocks  have  been  extremely  heavy,  and  the 
Deferred  at  IITJ  is  6J  down.  The  Preferred  at  1065  shows  aloss  of 
4},  and  the  5  per  cent.  Preference  is  .a  point  lower;  though, 
curiously  enough,  the  i  i  per  cent.  Debenture  at  94  is  a  point  to  the 
good.  Mexican  Light  and  Power  Common  remained  at  68',  ;  the 
Preferred  shares  fell  2,  which  raises  the  yield  on  them  to  7  per 
cent,  on  the  money. 

Montereys  and  Mexican  Electric  Light  Bonds  are  both  a  point 
down.  Canadian  General  Ordinary  fell  3J,  but  Shawinigan  Water 
and  Montreal  shares  retained  their  prices.  Mexico  Trams  dropped 
3,  to  regain  2  later  on,  and  Rio  First  Mortgage  Bonds  fell  J.  In 
most  of  these  cases  the  declines  are  due  to  causes  f  xtrinsic  to  the 
undertakings,  and  there  can  be  little  donbt  that  when  these  are 
removed  the  quotations  will  recover.  That  this  will  be  a  matter  of 
time  may  be  taken  for  granted,  because  the  results  of  such  a  series 
of  shocks  to  confidence  in  Stock  Exchange  invtstmenta  cannot  be 
repaired  at  a  few  days'  notice. 

Anglo- Argentine  Tramways  4i  per  cent.  Debenture  is  a  point 
down.  The  Fives  keep  steady  about  96i,  at  which  there  is  a  quiet 
flow  of  investment  going  on,  the  security  being  considered  quite 
good.  It  is  certainly  well  covered,  according  to  the  last  reports 
issued  by  the  Company.  Other  South  American  issues  have  given 
way  in  sympathy  with  the  rest.  La  Plata  Trams,  Para  Electric 
Railways  Ordinary,  and  City  of  Buenos  Ayres  Trams  are  all  some- 
what easier.  Brazil  Traction  shares  slumped  to  86,  rebounded  to 
90,  and  show  no  net  change  on  the  week  ;  while  the  new  il  per 
cent.  Preference  shares  are  being  qnietly  absorbed  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  98,  by  those  who  do  not  mind  running  a  slight  risk 
for  the  sake  of  a  good  return  on  the  money.  According  to  the 
prospectus  recently  issued,  the  dividend  on  these  is  well  secured. 

There  is  not  much  change  in  the  Telegraph  market.  West  India 
and  Panama  and  (Hobos  are  each  i  down.  Eastern  Telegraph  4  per 
cent.  Debenture  stock  is  J  higher,  a  similar  fraction  being  lost  by 
Western  Telegraph  4  per  cent.  Debenture  stock.  A  recovery  of 
3  in  New  York  Telephone  4J  per  cent.  Bonds  is  evidence  of 
the  investor  being  in  the  markets,  for  the  security  in  their 
case  is  excellent.  Reuters  shares  are  weaker  at  10,  their  par 
value.  National  Telephone  Deferred  stood  out  as  a  feature  of 
strength  amidst  weak  markets,  the  price  hardening  up  to  23  ;  and 
Marconis,  after  dipping  to  'i\,  improved  to  3J  buyers,  when  a  few 
"  bears  "  came  in  on  the  eve  of  the  account  to  level  up  their  com- 
mitments. In  addition  to  this,  the  market  had  the  benefit  of  the 
news  that  the  company  had  just  concluded  an  important  contract 
with  the  Norwegian  Government  for  the  supply  of  an  installation, 
this  being  taken  as  testimony  to  the  Marconi  system  being  one  of 
the  best.  After  falling  to  2],  the  Preference  shares  recovered 
to  2L 

The  Rubber  share  market,  after  being  exceedingly  flat,  experi- 
enced a  sharp  recovery.  Earnest  discussions  are  taking  place  with 
a  view  to  raising  the  price  of  the  plantation  product — or,  at  all 
events,  for  bringing  it  more  into  line  with  that  of  Fine  Hard  Para, 
the  price  of  which  stands  about  lOd.  per  lb.  higher  than  plantation 
rubber.  Why  there  should  be  this  difference  between  the  two 
classes  of  material  is  also  a  matter  of  keen  debate,  for  all  the 
recent  controversy  in  connection  with  the  subject  leaves  it  still  a 
connndrum. 


Vol.  72.   No.  i,8ft7.  June  27,  1918.1         THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


1081 


SHARE     LIST     OF     ELECTRICAL     COMPANIES 


ENttLIHH    ELECTBICITT    8CFPLT    LSD   POWER   COMFllflEB. 


Bonrnemoath  A  Poole,  Ord,    . . 

Do.    44%Pre« 

Do.    Booona  6%Pref, 

Do.    4i%Deb.Btook.. 
Brompton  A  Kensington,  Ord... 

Do.    T  %  Oddj.  Prel 

Central  Electric  Bopply,  4  % ) 

Qa»r.  Deb.  ( 

Charing  OrosB,  West  End  A  City 

Do.    41  %  Onin.  Pref 

Do,     •'^Caty     Undertaking"! 
4i  %  Cnm,  Pref.  I 

Do.  Do.  4%  Deb 

Ohelgea,  Ord 


Do.    U  %  Deb.  . . 
Mty  of  Ijondon,  Ord, 


Olty  of  London,  Ord 

Oo.    6%  0am.  Pref 

Do.    B%Deb 

Do.    4i  %  Beoond  Deb. 
Coanty  o(  London,  Ord 

Do.     8%  Pref 

Do.    4*%  Deb 

Do,    4{  %  Beoond  Deb, 
Bdmnndson's,  Ord.  ..        .. 

Do.    8  %  Cam.  Pref 

Do.    6%  Non-Cam.  Pref.      . . 

Do.    4}  %  First  Mori.  Deb.  . . 
FolkeBtone 

Do,    C%  dun.  Pref 

Do,    4i%  First  Deb 

BOTS 


Block 

OlTidends 

Bh\ra. 

for 

• 

1911. 

1913. 

10 
10 

a 

6 

10 

fi 

6 

Block 

ih 

<* 

5 

10 

10 

8 

T 

1 

100 

4 

4 

8 

8 

Bt 

6 

4 

«4 

6 

4 

4 

100 

4 

4 

P 

8 

4t 

Slock 

<« 

4 

10 

R 

9 

10 

6 

6 

Stock 

8 

8 

100 

«i 

«4 

10 

6 

6 

10 

6 

6 

Stock 

*i 

It 

Stock 

*l 

£3 

Nil 

8 

Nil 

a 

8 

100 

«4 

*h 

6 

K 

6 

6 

6 

8 

100 

*h 

*h 

6 

9 

91 

doling 

Rise 

PreianI 

Qootatloni 

+  or 

Yield 

June  3ltb. 

Fall 

P.O. 

*  1.  d. 

l\--'l\ 

8  17     1 

+  i 

4  12     4 

IP,  -  m 

8  13  11 

Hfi  -  98 

4  11  10 

P8-    »» 
8i-    4 

-» 

6    9    7 

4    0    0 

94  —  97 

4    3    6 

\-\l 

6  11     1 

-4 

8    0    0 

84-     4 

8  13    6 

90  -  92  xd 

4    7    0 

4J-    6i 

4  16    8 

96  -  9n 

4  10  11 

144-  IB 

-4 

6  12    0 

114-  iih 

4  18    0 

116  -130 

4    8    4 

100  —103 

4    8    8 

loa-  108 

6  10    4 

llj-  UJ 

-  1 

6    3    2 

104  -106 

4    6    0 

98  -101 

4    9     1 

4i-    44 

Nil 

8    6    8 

n-  H 

as  -  86 

6    4    8 

44-    6 

6    0    0 

ih-    6 

8    0    0 

90-93 

4  17  10 

Ti-    7i 

8  16    3 

Kensington  A  Knighlsbrtdge,  Ord 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Kent  Bleo.  Power,  44  %  Deb,  .. 
London  Blootrlo,  Ord.    ..        .. 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,  4  %  First  Hort.  Deb.  .. 
Metropolitan         

Do,    41  %  Cam.  Pref 

Do.    4}  %  First  Mori.  Deb. . . 

Do.    84  %  Mori.  Deb 

North  Metropolitan  Power  Bap- 1 

ply,  8  %  Mortgages  (Red.)/ 

Notlliig    Bill,    6  %  Non-Cam.  I 

Pref.; 

Oxford  

St.  James'  and  Pall  Mall,  Ord. 

Do.    7%  Pref 

Do.    84%  Deb 

Booth  London,  Ord 

Do.  8  %  First  Mori.  Deb.  . . 
South  Metropolitan,  7  %Pref... 

Do.  41  %  First  Deb.  Block  . . 
Urban,  Ord 

Do.    8%  Cam.  Pref 

Do.  44  %  First  Mori.  Deb, . . 
Westminster,  Ord,  ..        ., 

Do.    44%  Com.  Pref 


I 

Block 

Block 

8 

B 

Block 

8 

6 

Stock 

Slock 


6 

8 

8 

100 


100 

£8 


DiTldMldj 

tot 


Qnotell 
Jan*  2 


7i-    7! 

M  —  W 
76  —  80 

11-    1] 

44—    6 

88  —  91  <d 
84-    BA 

«t-  <a 

98  —101 
M  —  88 
98  —101 
91- lot 

r-^ 

8^-  7 
84  —  87 

984 -loU 

96  —  99 

1—      f 

23-    2J 

84-87 

11-  e« 


is 


-i 


ffMMBt 


i  16  9 

4    6  0 
•  US 

4    7  9 

6    0  0 

4    8  0 

t  10  4 

4  17  4 

4    9  1 

4    4  4 

419  0 


(  11 
8  U 


8  14  8 

6  0  0 
4    0  8 

7  7  8 
4  18  6 

8  17  11 
4  10  6 


6  8  6 
6  19  i 
«    (    9 


COLONIAL   AND   FOREIGN   ELECTRICITT   8UFFLT   AND   POWER. 


A  lelalde,  6  %  Pre! 

Ca  oatta,  Ord 

OO.    6%  Pref 

C  klgar;  Power,  1st  Mori,  Eds. 
CjiadianQen.Bl.com, 

Do.    7%  Prel.    ..        ..        .. 

Cordoba  Ll.,  Power  and  T.,  Ord. 

Do.    6  %  Deb ^  . . 

BleOiLt.andP.ofCochabamba, ) 

1  %  Bonds  I 

Blee.  Bapply  Victoria,  6  %  IbI  1 

Mori,  Deb.  I 

Bleo.  DeT,  Ontario,  6   %   Ist  I 

Mort.  Bonds  I 

Ealgoorlle  Blec.  P,  and  L.,  Ord. 

Do.    6%  Pref .. 

Kamlnlstlqnla  Power,6%  G.  Bs. 

Madras,  Ord 

Melboarne,  6  %  iBt  Mort.  Deb. 
Mexican  El.  Lt„  6%  IbI  M.  Bds. 
Mexican  Lt.  A  Power,  Oonunon 

Do.    7%  Cum.  Pref 

Oo.    8  %  1st  Mort,  Gold  Bds. 


6 

« 

6 

8 

84 

84 

6 

6 

6 

100 

6 

6 

tioo 

7 

7 

9100 

7 

7 

1 

H 

6 

100 

6 

8 

100 

6 

6 

100 

8 

6 

(600 

6 

B 

10/- 

Nil 

1 

6 

6 

«600 

8 

8 

6 

Nil 

100 

8 

8 

8 

8 

tioo 

4 

4( 

$100 

7 

7 

8 

6 

984- 
108  ■ 
118  - 


-  Bi 

-  Vi 

-  5,% 

-  964 
-113 
-123 

-  f3 

-  954 

-  P2xd 


924-  944 

t-      t 

1C04 -1024 

ij-    H 

IOR4-1064 

79  -  62 
67  -  70 
96  -100 
87-90 


8  14    8 

6  17    8 

4  16    6 

6    6     8 

-.s* 

6    8  11 

6  13  10 

6    8    1 

-'4 

6    4    9 

6  10    6 

5    7    6 

8    6    9 

Nil 

9  12    0 

+  i 

4  17    7 

4  14    0 

— 1 

6    1  11 

6  14    4 

— 2 

7    0    0 

6  11     1 

Monterey  BIy.  Light  A  Power,  I 

6  %  1st  Mort.  Deb.  / 

Montreal,  Lt.,  H.  and  Power   . . 

Northern,  Lt.,  Power  and  Coal, ) 

6  %  iBt  Mort.  Bonds  / 

River  Plate,  Ord 

Do,    6  %  Non-Cum.  Pref,      . . 

Do.    6%  Deb.  Stock    .. 

Roy,  Bleo.  Co.,  Montreal,  44  %  I 

iBt  Mort.  Deb,  I 

Shawlnlgan  Water,  Capital 

Do.    6  %  Con.  iBt  Mort.  Bonds 

Do,    44  %  Per.  Deb. 


Toronto  Power,  44  %  Deb, 

"1„  P.  andT.,  8%) 
Isl  Mort,  Deb,  / 


Vera  Croc  Lt,,  P.  and  T.,  8  < 


Victoria  Falls  Power,  Pref. 
West  Eootenay  Power  and  LI.,  I 
at  Mort,  6%  Gold/ 


100 

6 

8 

•100 

B 

9t 

•600 

6 

6a 

Stock 

10 

10 

Do. 

6 

6 

Do. 

6 

6 

100 

4 

4 

•100 

8 

C4 

•600 

8 

6 

Stock 
Do. 

n 

§ 

100 

8 

8 

1 

Hid. 

17id. 

100 

6 

6 

78  -  81 

210  -sac 

16  —  26 

207  -317 
102  —107 
100  —103 

100  —103 

126  -180 
107  —109 
97  -100 
97  —100  xd 

93  —  95 

106  — loe 


6    8    6 
4    1  10 


4  8 
6  9 
4  18 

4    8 

4  0 
4  11 
4  10 

4  10 


TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  COMPANIES. 


A  naion  Telegraph         .. 

Do.    6%  Deb,  Red 

Anerlcan  Telep,  A  Teleg.,  Cap. 

Do.    Collat.  Trust 
A  iglo- American  Telegraph      . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    Del 

A  iglo  •  Portuguese   Tel,,  8  %1 
Mort,  Deb.  J 

Ohlll  Telephone 

Oommerolal  Cable,  Btlg.4%Deb. 
Cuba  Telegraph 

Do.     10%  Pref 

Direct  BpanlBb  Telegraph,  Ord. 

Do.    10%  Cum.  Pref 

Direct  United  States  Cable 
Direct  W,  India  Cable,  44  %\ 
Reg.  Deb.  J 
Baslem  Telegraph,  Ord,  Stock 

Do,    84%  Pref.  Stock.. 

Do,    4  %  Mort.  Deb 

Bastern  ExtenBlon  ..        .. 

Do.    4%  Deb, 


Bast  and  B.   Africa  Tel.  4  %) 
Ml,  Db,  Mauritius  Bub.  J 
Globe  Telegraph  and  Trust 

Do.    6%  Prel 

Great  Northern  Telegraph 
Indo-Earopean  Telegraph 
Maokay  CompanieB  OotnmoB  . . 

Do.    4  %  Cum,  Prel 

Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraph 

Do.    1  %  Cms.  Parlic.  Prel. 


10 

4 

4t 

stock 

8 

•100 

8 

Bt 

$1000 

4 

Btook 

H 

Do. 

6 

Do. 

80/. 

30/- 

100 

6 

8 

7 

Stock 

4 

10 

6 

10 

10 

10 

8 

4 

4t 

8 

10 

10 

10 

6 

100 

4 

4 

Btook 

7 

7+ 

Do. 

84 

84 

Do. 

4 

10 

7 

Block 

4 

lis 

4 

10 

6 

6+ 

10 

6 

10 

18 

20 

35 

IH 

l.H 

•  100 

6 

•100 

4 

I 

30 

1 

17 

6    3    0 

-1 

6    3    0 

6    0    4 

4    5    1 

4  13    9 

6  10    0 

+  i 

6    6    4 

4  15    8 

6     1     1 

4  18    7 

6    6    4 

6  19     4 

6    6    8 

6  18    0 

6    6    6 

4    9    0 

6    6  10 

4  12    1 

+  h 

4    8    6 

6    7    8 

4    6    1 

8  11    7 

-  4 

6    4    4 

4  13    3 

6    6    0 

6  14    0 

6    0    6 

6  14    4 

+  A 

6  10    4 

6  18    4 

Honle  Video  Telephone,  Ord. . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

New  York  Telep.,  41%  Gen.  Bnds. 
Oriental  Telep.  and  Eleo. 

Do,    6%  Cum.  Pref 

Do.    4%  Red.  Deb 

Paolflo  and  European  Tel.,  4  %  t 
Guar,  Debs.  / 

Renter's       

Submarine  Cables  Trust 
Telephone  Co,  of  Egypt,  ii%\ 
Deb.  Red.  / 
United  River  Plate  Telephone 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Pref 

West  Coast  of  America  . . 

Do.     4  %  Debs.,  1  to     ,6001 

guar,  by  Bras.  Sub.  Tel. ) 

West  India  and  Panama  Teleg. 

Do.    6  %  Cum.  Ist  Pref. 

Do.    6  %  Cam.  3nd  Pref. 

Do.    8%  Debs 

Western  Telegraph,  Ltd, 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Western  Union  44  %  Fdg.  Bonds 


1 

8 

8t 

1 

8 

6 

100 

4 

4 

1 

H 

10 

I 

6 

8 

Slock 

4 

4 

Do. 

4 

4 

10 

10 

10 

Cert, 

6 

6 

Btook 

4 

*i 

6 

B 

8t 

J 

8 

6 

94 

94 

100 

4 

10 
10 

li 

'I 

10 

8 

100 

6 

10 

7f 

Stock 

4 

•1000 

4 

4 

^1=1 

97-98 

88-90 
98  -100 

94-  104 
124  —127 
964-  984 

64—  7 
64-  6i 
lA-  lA 
96-99 


10 

101'— 108 
13  —  134 

93J-  944 
90  —  88 


+  i 


-i 


-i 

ll 


8    6  8 

8  14  8 
4  11  10 
6  10  S 
4  16  0 
4  8  11 
4    0  0 

9  10  6 
4  14  6 
4  11  6 

6  14  4 

4    9  0 

4    7  0 


4    0  10 

4  10  11 

5  18    6 

6  0  0 
4  17  1 
8  8  8 
4  4  8 
4  16    9 


Unless  otherwise  stated,  all  shares  are  full;  paid. 


a  Paid  in  deferred  interest  warrants.  i  Interim  Dividend. 


tB.  lo  E^inded  Dividend  OeiM, 


CONTINUED    ON    NBXT    PAGE. 


-.  1082 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       [Voi.  73.  No.  i,m,  Jumi  27,  m%. 


SHARE    LIST    OF    ELEOTRIOAL    COMPANIIS.-(G"i/"n/*i.) 

ELECTBIC   RAILWAYS   AND   TRAKWAT8.— HOME. 


B«lh  Truni,  Pref,  Ort 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    «i%D«b 

Bri«.  Eleo.  Trio,,  6  %  Prel.     . . 

Do.        Do.  Deferred      .. 

Do.        Do.  6%Cum.Pr'J 

Do.  !"„  Non-Cum.  Pr'f. 

Do.  5  %  Perp.  Deb.     . . 

Do.  4*%  2nd  Deb, 

Cenlrsl  London  RallwkT,  Ord, 

Do,    Pref. 

Do.    Def 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Citj  A  8.  London,  6  %  Pref,,  1891 

Do.         Do.         1896     .. 

Do.         Do,         1901     .. 

Do.         Do.         1903     .. 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Great  Northern  4  City,  Pr'f.  Ord 
Bastings  Trams,  6  %  Pref. 


Do.    4i%Deb. 
I  <le  of  Thi 


tanet  Trains,  B  %  Pref. 

Do,    4%  Deb 

C«n(>ashirp  Hntted.  6%  Dsb,  .. 
London  and  Sobnrhan,  Ord.     . . 

Do,         Do,      6  %  Cnm.  Pref. 

Do,  Do.  4*  %  Ut,  Deb. 
London  Eleo,  Raliwys,  4  %  Deb. 
London  United  Trami,  4  %  Deb, 


1 
1 

100 

100 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


100 
10 

1 

100 

6 

100 

100 

1 
1 

100 
100 
100 


DiTldandF 

(or 

1911, 

1913, 

Nil 

Nil 

6 

6 

44 

*i 

'6 

6 

B 

fi 

C 

i 

44 

8 

a 

i 

4 

S 

a 

4 

4 

B 

B 

e 

B 

s 

6 

E 

6 

4 

4 

NU 

Nil 

6 

fit 

n 

.1 

6 

4 

4 

E 

V 

4 

4 

doling 
Qaotatlons 
June  24th. 


74-77 
84-  114 
6-7 
83  —  86 
42  —  45 
88-93 
74  —  78 

77  -  79 
EO  —  62 
76  -  78 
P9  —101 

101  —108 
100  -102 
99  -102 
99  -ir2 

92  —  94 

U-   8S 

6i  -  78 
24-  Si 
76-80 
73-80 

P-      If 

78  -  8] 

93  —  96 
62  —  66 


Rlia 
+  ct 
FiU 


Pretest 
7ield 
P.O. 


-4 


£ ».  a. 

Nil 
6    8    1 
E  17    0 


6  19  6 

6  18  4 

6    8  8 

6  16  6 
:6  1  3 
:4  17  7 

:5  a  7 

3  19  8 

4  17  1 
4  18  0 
4  18  0 
4  18  0 
4    6  1 

Nil 

7  13 


6    8    3 
4  16    8 


4    4     4 

6    18 


UelropoUtan  Railway  Oonsol. . . 

Do,    Barplns  Landa    ,.        .. 

Do,    84  %  Deb 

Do.    8i%Pref 

Do.     8*  %  Con.  Pref 

Uetropofitan  District  Ord,      ., 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4%  Prior  Lien    .. 

Do.    44  %  First  Pref 

Do.    84%Qtd 

Metro.  Eleo.  Trams,  4)  %  Deb, 

Do,     6%  Deb 

Potteries,  Ord 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    41%  Deb 

Bontb  Metro,  Trami,  6  %  Pref, 

Do,    4  %  Deb 

Underground     Eleo.    Railways 

Do.    "A" 

Do.    6%  First  Cnm.  Inc.  Deb, 

Do.    4i  %  Bonds 

Do.    6  %  Income 
Torkshlre  (West  Riding),  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    H  %  Deb 


Rise 

+  or 
Fall 


-A 


ELECTRICAL   RAILWAYS    AND    TRAMWAYS.— COLONIAL   AND   FOREION. 


Anglo- Arg.  Trams,  lit  Prel.     ,. 

Do.    2nd  Pref 

Do.    4%  Deb 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do,     6%t)eb 

Anokland  Trams,  6  %  Deb, 
Bombay  Elec.  8,  A  Trams,  Pref, 

Do.    4i%Deb 

Do.    B%andDeb 

Brazilian  Traction  Light   and  1 

Power  / 

Brisbane  Trams  Inrt.,  Ord,      . . 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    4i%Deb 

B,  Coltunbia  Elec,  RIy,,  Def,    .. 

Do.    Pref.  Ord 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do.    44  %  1st  Mort,  Deb.      . . 

Do.    44  %  VancouTer  Deb,    ., 

Do.    4jjtCon.  Deb 

Calcona  Trams,  Ord 

Do,     6%  Pref 

Do,    4i%Deb 

Gape  Electric  Trams 

01^  Boenos  Aires  Trams  (1904) 

Do,    4%  Deb 

Colombo  Eleo,  Tr.  4  Lt„  6  %  Deb, 
Havana  Elec,  RIy,,  6  %  Bonds 
Kalgoorlie  Elec,  Trams  ..        .. 

Do.    6%ADeb 

Do.    8%BDeb 


E 
E 
100 
100 
100 
100 
10 
100 
100 

$100 

B 

6 

100 

100 

100 

100 

40 

100 

100 

B 

B 

100 

1 

B 

100 

100 

•1000 

1 

100 

100 


m-  6A. 
5^  ^9? 

eei-  984 

954-  974 
101  -103 

io|-  114 

96-98 
97  —  99 
89  -91 

6|-  U 
4|-  64 
99  — 1C2 
115  -150 
104  —109 
99  -102 
100  —108 
100  —102 
93  —  95 


974-ir- 


93  —  67' 
90i-  94) 
97  -101 

A-     A 

85  —  90  id 
26  —  86 


-A 


-4 


-64 


-i 


6    8    7 

6  14    3 

4    6    9 

4  11    5 

6    2    6 

4  17    1 

6    4     4 

4  11  10 

6    1     0 

6  12    0 

6    8    6 

4    8  11 

4    8    3 

6  13    4 

5  10    1 

4  18    0 

4    7    6 

4    8    8 

4    9    6 

6  14    3 

4  16    6 

4    9    7 

6    8    1 

4  10  11 

4    2    6 

6    6  10 

4  19    0 

NU 

E  11    1 

La  PlaU  Eleo,  Trms,  Ord, 

Do,    Pref 

Lisbon  Elec,  Trams,  Otd> 

Do.    6%  Pref 

Do,    6%  Deb 

Madras  Elec.  Tr,  (1904),  Deb.  .. 
Manaos  Trams  4  Lt.,  1st  Deb. . . 
Manila  Eleo,  R.  and  Ltg,,  Bonds 
Mexico  Trams  Com 

Do,    Oen,  Con,  6  %  Bonds    . . 

Do,    6%  Bonds 

Para  Elec.  Rlys,  4  Lt,,  Ord,     . . 

Do,    6%  Pref 

Do,    6%lB«Deb 

Perth  (W,A.)  Eleo,  Tr.,  Ord.    . . 

Do.    6%  1st,  Deb 

Rangoon  El,  Tr,  4  Snp,,Pref, .. 

Do.    44%  1st  Deb 

Riode  Janeiro  Trams,  IstMort, ) 
6  %  Bonds  / 

Do,    6%  Mori,  Bonds 
Bao  Paulo  Tram,   Lt.  and  P.  [ 
6  %  1st  Deb,  / 
Singapore  Trams,  6  %  Deb, 
Bonthem  El.  Tr,  B,A„  6%  Deb, 
Un,  Elec.  Trams  Monte  video  . . 

Do.    8%  Pref 

Do.    6%  1st  Deb 

Winnipeg  Eleo.  RIy.,  44  %  Deb, 


1 

Nil 

.J 

1 

1 

44d, 

1 

100 

100 

100 

$1000 

$100 

1i 

100 

6 

10 

10 

6 

100 

1 

64 

100 

B 

100 

44 

44 

100 

$600 

100 

100 

E 

fit 

E 

6 

100 

E 

too 

44 

44 

4-iooi 


MANUFACTURINe  COMPANIES. 


AroB,  Ord 

1 

8 

|-      i 

+  A 

6  17 

2 

1   Crompton  4  Co 

a 

Nil 

k-      1 

HO 

Do,    8%  Prel 

Baboock  4  WUoox 

1 

A 

6 

6  17 

2 

Do,    Deb 

100 

S 

E 

B7  -  62 

43 

«    1    4 

I 

28 

16 

21-    8 

—fn 

6    6 

B 

DIok,  Kerr 

1 

6 

Nil 

ft-  A 

Do,    Pref 

1 

6 

6 

1}-    11 

4    7 

8 

Do.    Prel 

1 

6 

6 

Rr-    il 

7  la  le 

British  Alnmininm,  Ord. 

1 

Nil 

1^^ 

Edison  4  Bwan,  A,  SB  paid 
Do.    fully  paid 

E 

Nil 

r-  T 

MU 

Do.    6  %  Cnm.  Pref 

1 

Nil 

6 

6  17 

a 

B 

Nil 

li-  i| 

Mil 

Do.    6  %  Prior  Lien  Debs.  . . 

100 

6 

6 

93-96 

6    4 

a 

Do.    4%  Deb 

100 

4 

4 

60-64 

6    6    0 

Do.    Deb,  8tk 

100 

6 

6 

83  —  86 

B  16 

8 

Do,    6  %  Becond  Deb, 

100 

6 

E 

66  -  70 

7  a  w 

ax.  4  Belsby  Cablet      .. 

E 

10 

10 

74-    8 

6    6 

0 

Electric  Constraclion    .. 

1 

34 

8? 

1^-    »A 

6  14    4 

Do,    Pref 

E 

6 

6 

6J-    68 

4  14 

1 

Do.    Pref 

a 

r 

7 

11-  a 

TOO 

Do.    Deb 

100 

*4 

*i 

102  —104 

4    A 

7 

Qreenwood  4  Batley,  Prel, 

10 

1 

t 

if-    B 

a  c  a 

Brit.sh  Thomson. Hooston,  Deb, 

100 

H. 

A 

97-99 

4  11 

0 

Do.    Deb 

100 

6 

6 

9a-94 

E    4   i 

British  Westlnghoose,  Pref,    .. 

8 

Nil 

Nil 

At-      ii 

Nil 

General  Electric,  6%  Prel,     . . 

10 

E 

6 

10-  lOf 

E  11    7 

Do,    Deb 

100 

4 

4 

67  -  71            +1 

6  12 

R 

Do.    Deb 

100 

4 

4 

88-98 

4    6    0 

Do,    6%  Prior  Lien    .. 
Browett,  LIndley,  Ord 

100 

6 

6 

99  -102 

6  17 

8 

Henley's,  Ord 

B 

IE 

16 

12  -  12i 

-  ] 

i  17  a 

1 

a/. -8/. 

Nil 

Do.    Prel 

B 

^ 

n 

4i-    6 

4 10  0 

Do,    Pref 

1 

4/6 -E/- 

Nil 

Do.    Deb 

100 

994-1014 

4  8  a 

Bnub,  7  %  Pref 

Do,    6  %  Prior  Lien  Deb,     .. 

1 

Nil 

Nil 

0-      I 

Nil 

India-Rnbber,  Q,  4  T 

10 

n 

11  -  12 

6    5    0 

too 

6 

6 

73  —  78 

6    8 

2 

Do.     Pref 

10 

6 

E 

9  —  10 

6    0   8 

Do,    44%  Deb 

Do,     44  %  Becond  Deb, 

100 
100 

« 

^ 

88-48 
25  —  21 

10    9 
16  13 

4 
4 

Telegraph  Construction. . 
Do.    Deb 

la 

100 

174 

20 

4 

36-87 
96-99 

6    910 
4    0    0 

Tallender's  Cable 

B 

16 

16 

%-''^ 

1 

6  10 

5 

WlUans  4  Robinion 

1 

Nil 

t-      ^ 

MH 

Do.     Fref 

E 

E 

K 

4  17 

7 

Do,     Pref 

B 

Nil 

Mfl 

Do,     Deb 

100 

44 

44 

98-101 

4    9 

1 

Do,    Deb 

100 

4 

4 

66  —  67 

7    0    4 

Castner-Kellner 

1 

ao 

20 

8i-    3J 

6    6 

8 

Do,    Deb 

un 

44 

44 

ion  -106 

4    4  11 

Caieis  otherwise  stated,  all  tbaie   are  lolly  (lid,       (  Interim  diridend.        t  Dlridend  of  4  per  cent,  guaranteed  by  Underground  Electric  RaJlwaya, 


Bank  r«t«  of  Dlioount  4i  par  c«nt„  April  17th.  1818. 


Vol.  72.     No.  I,8ft7,  Jnxic  37,  19IM. 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


1088 


INTERNATIONAL    TIME    SERVICE. 


Ok  Tuesday  next,  July  lat,  tlic  new  arrangements  for  the 
distribution  of  time  signals,  organised  by  the  Bureau  Central 
International  do  I'lleure,  will  take  effect,  Huperscding  the 
signals  at  present  issued  from  the  Eiffel  Tower  and 
Norddcicb.  The  facility  with  which  accurate  time  can  he 
transmitted  from  observatories  on  land  to  ships  at  sea,  as 
well  as  to  other  observatories,  surveyors,  clock  makers  and 
others  to  whom  precision  in  this  regard  is  of  the  first 
im|)ortance,  is  by  no  means  the  least  of  the  many  benefits 
conferred  upon  humanity  by  radio-telegraphy,  and  it  was  the 
demonstration  of  its  capabilities  by  the  French  Government 
station  at  the  Eiffel  Tower  which  led  to  the  International 
Conference  of  1912,  appropriately  held  at  Paris.  We 
explained  in  our  issue  of  January  10th,  1913,  the  method 
which  has  been  adopted  for  the  new  service,  and  reproduced 
the  diagram  which  forms  the  key  to  the  signals.  From 
the  end  of  the  fifty-seventh  minute  of  the  hour,  warning 
signals  are  sent  out  consisting  of  the  letter  x 
( —  .  .  — )  for  50  seconds,  followed  by  silence  for  five 
seconds,  after  which  the  first  time  signal  is  given,  consisting 
of  three  dashes  each  lasting  for  one  second,  separated  by 
intervals  of  one  second.  Thus  the  end  of  the  third  dash 
coincides  precisely  with  the  end  of  the  58th  minute.  After- 
wards the  letter  N  ( —  .)  is  sent  every  ten  seconds,  followed  by 

the  second  time  signal,  and  finally  a  series  of  g's  ( .) 

followed  by  the  third  time  signal,  the  last  dash  ending  precisely 
at  the  hour.  These  signals  will  be  sent  out  from  the  Eiffel 
Tower  daily  at  10  a.m.  and  midnight,  with  a  wave-length  of 
about  2,500  metres,  and  from  Norddeich  at  midday  and 
10  p.m.  ;  both  series  should  be  easily  received  at  any 
part  of  the  United  Kingdom.  The  times  of  the  signals 
given  at  other  centres  are  as  follows.  Greenwich  time  being 
stated  in  each  case  : — 


San  Fernando  (Brazil). .^^ 

Arlineton  (U.S.A.) 

Manila  and  Mogadiscio  ... 

Timbuktu... 

Massouah... 

San  Francisco     


2  a.m.  and  4  p.m. 
'6  a.m.  and  6  p.m. 
4  a.m. 
6  a.m. 
6  p.m. 
8  p.m. 


One  of  the  great  advantages  of  wireless  time  service  is 
the  exceedingly  short  interval  between  the  dispatch  and  the 
reception  of  the  signals,  which,  in  most  cases,  renders  any 
correction  on  this  account  unnecessary.  There  is,  however, 
an  appreciable  time  lag  between  the  initiation  of  the  signal 
by  the  standard  clock  in  the  originating  observatory  and  the 
emission  of  the  train  of  waves  which  constitutes  the  dash  or 
dot,  owing  to  the  necessary  interposition  of  a  relay  and  other 
transmitting  apparatus  in  the  sending  station  :  this  is  very 
carefully  determined,  and  is  allowed  for  at  the  sending 
end,  so  that  the  actual  radio- telegraphic  signal  is  accurately 
timed. 

Reception  can  be  effected  with  an  antenna  of  modest 
dimensions,  over  a  range  of  a  few  hundred  miles  from  such 
a  station  as  the  Eiffel  Tower  or  Norddeich  ;  indeed,  as  we 
recently  noted,  even  an  iron  bedstead  may  suflBce.  The 
observer  listens  to  the  signals,  with  the  clock  or  watch  to  be 
compared  before  him,  and  with  practice  it  is  not  difficult  to 
estimate  the  difference  between  the  true  time  as  given  by 
the  signal  and  that  of  the  clock  to  a  half  or  even  a  quarter 
second.  Beyond  this  degree  of  accuracy  it  is  necessary  to 
have  recourse  to  more  refined  methods  of  observation,  either 
with  the  aid  of  automatic  recording  apparatus  or  with  the 
system  described  later.  M.  Albert  Turpaiu  has 
succeeded  in  devising  methods  whereby  a  photo- 
graphic record  of  the  signals  can  be  made  simul- 
taneously with  a  record  of  the  beats  of  a  local  chrono- 
meter 300  Lm.  from  the  Eiffel  Tower,  giving  an  accuracy  of 
I  second  ;  or  by  speeding  up  the  apparatus  so  that  the 
photographic  film  travels  at  the  rate  of  100  mm.  per  second, 
enabling  the  arrival  of  the  tirrie  signal  to  be  recorded  within 
a  millimetre,  it  is  possible  to  determine  the  correct  time  to 
about  riii  second. 

But  recording  apparatus  is   not  essential  to   obtain  this 


degree  of  accuracy,  m  wc  nhnll  nhow — premining  that  »n 
accuracy  of  thin  order  in  necesRary  when,  for  inntance,  an 
obscrvarory  which  hao  been  prcventefl  by  cloudy  weather  from 
determining  the  time  by  Hstronomical  obsorvationH  i«  takin|{ 
the  time  from  nn  observatory  more  favfiunibly  gituatod. 
Before  the  ordinary  night  HignaN,  the  FlifTel  Tower  wind*  a 
sericH  of  180  short  dots  ngiilariy  spacfd  by  one  woond  leM 
about  ,,V  se(X)nd.  In  each  series  the  OOth  and  120th  doU 
arc  suppressed,  in  order  to  facilitatfi  wjiinting  by  thfl 
observer,  who  listens  to  the  dots  and  to  the  \ycj&\A  of  hi« 
seconds  clock  or  chronometer.  The  two  series  will  gene- 
rally be  out  of  phase,  but  during  the  perirxl  whilst  the  1^0 
dots  are  l)eing  diHi)atched  there  must  Ixj  three  coincidencea 
between  the  dots  and  the  beats,  spaced  '>()  Becf)nd8  apart. 
Noting  the  time  indicated  by  the  chronometer  at  the 
moment  of  coincidence,  as  well  as  the  number  of  the  dot  at 
which  the  coincidence  occurs,  it  is  easy  to  calculate 
the  time  indicated  by  the  f;hronometer  at  the  instant 
of  the  arrival  of  the  first  dot.  If  the  time  of  a  ^incidence 
was,  for  example,  23  hr.  30  m.  25  s.,  the  number  of  the  dot 
at  that  moment  being  42,  the  time  of  the  first  dot  by  the 
chronometer  must  have  been  23  hr.  30  m.  25  s.  —  41 
(1  -  Tj'o)  seconds  =  23  hr.  29  m.  44-82  s.  It  will  be 
seen  that  this  "  method  of  coincidences,"  which  has  been 
used  for  the  purpose  of  comparing  clocks  and  chronometer* 
for  generations,  is  really  nothing  more  or  less  than  the 
familiar  vernier,  applied  to  the  measurement  of  time  instead 
of  space,  and  it  enables  tha  true  time  to  be  communicated 
with  an  accuracy  of  about  -jJ^^  second. 

As  the  determination  of  the  time  by  astronomical  methoda 
involves  a  knowledge  of  the  longitude  of  the  place  at  which 
the  observations  are  made,  it  follows  that  if  the  time  can 
thus  be  accurately  transmitted,  the  difference  of  longitude 
between  two  places  can  be  accurately  measured,  and  thus  the 
time  service  becomes  of  great  value  to  astronomers  and  sur- 
veyors. The  system  has  already  been  employed  for  thit 
purpose  in  Franc?,  Belgium,  and  the  F'rench  African 
colonies.  As  the  wireless  signals  can  be  received  in  places 
difficult  of  access,  such  as  Central  Africa,  the  surveying  of 
such  regions  is  thereby  greatly  facilitated.  Observation* 
have  even  been  made  between  Arlington,  U.S.A.,  and  the 
Eiffel  Tower,  though  the  low  power  at  present  available  at 
these  stations  (50  or  60  kw.)  and  the  great  distance  between 
them  (6,000  km.)  have  made  the  process  difficult.  The 
difference  of  longitude  between  Arlington  and  Paris,  to  an 
accuracy  of  a  few  hundredths  of  a  second,  has  thus  been 
determined,  and  the  results  will  shortly  be  published  ;  further 
observations  will  be  made  during  the  coming  winter.  In  the 
case  of  so  great  a  distance  the  time  occupied  in  the  trans- 
mission, at  the  speed  of  light  (300,000  km.  per  second),  i* 
not  negligible,  amounting  to  0'02  second. 

Unfortunately,  Greenwich  Observatory,  though  equipped 
with  receiving  apparatus,  is  unable  to  transmit  the  signals, 
and  is,  therefore,  omitted  from  the  list  of  international  time 
centres.  While  every  credit  is  due  to  the  French  Govern- 
ment for  taking  the  initiative  in  this  respect  (although,  as  a 
matter  of  fact,  it  was  not  absolutely  the  first  to  employ 
radio-telegraphy  for  this  purpose,  time  signals  having  been 
distributed  from  Halifax.  Nova  Scotia,  in  1906),  we  can- 
not but  agree  with  ^Ir.  F.  Hope-Jones,  who  recently  drew 
attention  to  the  fact  that  as  Greenwich  has  hitherto  taken 
the  lead  in  giving  the  time  to  the  world,  the  British  Govern- 
ment ought  to  have  been  the  first  in  the  field.  As  we  noted 
last  week,  a  constant  difference  has  been  observed  between 
Greenwich  mean  time  and  the  time  signals  from  the  Eiffel 
Tower  and  Norddeich,  the  latter  being  on  the  average 
03  second  late  on  Greenwich. 

One  of  the  applications  of  the  time  service  which  has 
gained  an  extended  vogue  abroad  is  to  the  determination  of 
the  correct  time  by  watch  and  clock  makers  for  the  purposes 
of  their  business.  Scores  of  amateurs  in  this  country  take 
their  time  from  the  Eiffel  Tower,  and  there  is  no  reason 
whatever  why  our  manufacturers  should  not  do  the  same,  as 
the  receiving  apparatus  is  simple  and  easily  managed.  The 
only  formality  required  is  to  obtain  a  licence  from  the  Post 
Office,  which  presents  no  difficulty.  This  licence  is  necessary 
even  if  only  receiving  apparatus  is  installed. 

We  are  indebted  for  much  of  the  foregoing  information 
to  the  interesting  paper  read  by  Commandant  Ferric  at  the 
recent  Electrical  Congress  in  Pans. 


1084 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.        [^oi.  72.  No.  1,857.  jcne  27,  1913. 


REVIEWS. 


roli  Telephone  Praclice.  By  J.  Beexharp  Thieps, 
B.8.,  LL.B.,  and  Guy  A.  Joy,  B.E.  With  an  ictro- 
dnctory  chapter  by  Frank  F.  Fowle,  S.B.  liOndon  : 
Constable  &  Co.,  Ltd.     Price  148.  net. 

The  rapid  developments  which  are  taking  place  in  the  art 
of  telephony  are  forcibly  brought  home  to  one  by  a  perusal 
of  this  book,  which,  as  indicated  by  the  title,  deals  exclu- 
sively with  toll,  or,  as  we  may  say  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic, 
trunk  line  working. 

Not  so  many  years  ago,  in  treatises  on  telegraphy,  the 
telephone  used  to  be  relegated  to  a  single  chapter  at  the  end 
of  the  book.  We  then  had  special  text-books  on  telephony  ; 
but  the  subject  has  now  grown  so  vast  that  it  would  be 
almost  impossible,  at  the  present  day,  to  give  in  a  single 
volume  a  detailed  account  of  every  phase  of  the  methods  and 
processes  employed  in  the  electrical  transmission  of  speech. 

Telephony  originated  in  America,  and  it  is  to  American 
writers  that  we  are  indebted  for  the  best  treatises  on  the 
subject.  This  is,  to  a  certain  extent,  a  disadvantage  for  the 
British  reader,  for  not  only  have  the  various  telephone 
systems  been  developed  here  on  somewhat  different  lines 
from  those  followed  in  America,  but  the  technical  vocabulary 
employed  in  New  York  differs  in  many  respects  from  that 
used  in  London.  It  does  not  take  long,  however,  for  the 
reader  to  become  acquainted  with  the  unfamiliar  phraseology, 
and  although  the  systems  described  in  American  books  may 
not  be  exactly  similar  to  those  in  use  in  Great  Britain,  yet 
the  study  of  American  methods  cannot  fail  to  be  of  help  to 
the  telephone  engineer  in  this  country,  by  giving  him  new 
ideas  and  suggestions  for  the  development  of  the  special 
systems  with  which  he  is  more  immediately  concerned. 

The  introductory  chapter  of  the  volume  under  review 
gives  a  brief  historical  sketch  of  the  development  of  the 
subject.  The  modern  systems,  from  rural  lines  to  large 
lamp-signalling  trunk  switchboards,  are  then  described  in 
detail.  After  a  chapter  dealing  with  junction  line  arrange- 
ments between  trunk  exchanges  and  local  automatic 
exchanges  follow  descriptions  of  the  supervisor's  desk  con- 
nections and  the  equipment  of  the  test-clerk's  table.  The 
Buperpoeition  of  telegraph  circuits  on  trunk  lines,  and  the 
methods  used  to  increase  the  number  of  separate  trunk 
connections  which  can  be  obtained  with  a  given  number  of 
lines,  are  then  discussed. 

The  remaining  chapters  of  the  book  deal  with  test 
boards,  line  construction,  a  brief  discussion  of  the  theory  of 
telephone  transmission  and  the  advantages  to  be  derived 
from  the  use  of  loading  coils,  induction  troubles  and  their 
remedies,  the  various  methods  of  testing  necessary  in  a 
trunk  exchange,  the  routine  maintenance  of  trunk  circuits, 
and  a  description  of  the  telephone  relay. 

The  book  is  well  printed,  the  diagrams  are  excellent,  and 
we  can  confidently  recommend  it  to  those  telephone 
engineers  who  wish  to  broaden  their  views  on  their  profes- 
sion and  to  keep  themselves  up-to-date  with  the  develop- 
ments of  the  subject. 


Belle,  Jnduaters,  Telephones,  Fire  and  Burglar  Alarms,  &c. 
By  J.  B.  Redferx  and  J.  Savin.  London  :  Constable 
and  Co.,  Ltd.     Price  Is.  6d.  net. 

This  volume  is  one  of  the  well-known  electrical  installa- 
tion manuals,  and,  like  the  others  of  the  series,  it  is  well 
worth  the  price  asked.  The  total  number  of  pages  is  divided 
among  the  several  subjects  treated  in  the  following  manner  : 
— Bells,  .32 ;  indicators,  10  ;  telephones,  74  ;  fire  and 
burglar  alarms,  3.  We  rather  think  it  would  have  been 
better  to  have  devoted  one  volume  to  bells,  alarms,  indicators 
and  primary  batteries,  and  a  second  to  telephones.  The 
text  is  not  divided  into  chapters,  but  into  72  paragraphs, 
by  which  the  various  items  are  indexed.  As  the  paragraphs 
are  mostly  one  page,  or  less,  in  length,  the  indexing  by 
paragraphs  does  not  introduce  any  particular  inconvenience, 
tiiough  we  much  prefer  references  to  pages. 

As  the  authors  point  out,  bell-fitting  can  be  reduced  to  a 
fine  art  if  only  a  little  common  sense  be  brought  to  bear  upon 
it,  but,  owing  to  the  sin^licity  of  electric  belli  and  their 
ciTrtrfts,  tbf>y  a'rp  apt  tn  b*"  rf^gard^d  wit,>i  contempt  by  the 


average  wireman.  The  authors  explain,  by  clear  text  and 
illustrations,  the  construction  and  relative  advantages  and 
spheres  of  applicability  of  various  types  of  bells  (including 
the  polarised  magneto-ringing  pattern).  Admirable  though 
this  section  is  in  other  respects,  a  serious  omission  seems  to 
be  the  absence  of  explanatory  and  advisory  text  dealing 
with  the  relation  between  bell  resistance  and  battery  power 
required,  &c. 

The  line  illustrations  (of  which  there  are  85  in  all),  are 
very  neat  and  clear,  but  in  some  cases  the  arrangement  of 
the  circuit  might  have  been  chosen  so  as  to  indicate  the 
fundamental  lay-out  more  clearly.  Fig.  1 5,  for  instance,  is 
a  case  in  point. 

In  connection  with  bnrglar  alarms,  it  would  have  been 
well  to  illustrate  a  few  inconspicuous  and  reliable 
arrangements  for  mounting  contacts  on  windows,  show- 
cases, &c.,  and  we  find  no  reference  to  the  best  types  of 
batteries  to  be  used  in  closed-circuit  alarm  installations. 

The  telephone  section  deals,  under  various  paragraph 
headings,  with  direct  working  telephones,  the  construction 
and  function  of  induction  coils,  magneto-  and  intercom- 
munication telephones,  location  of  instruments,  cables  and 
wiring,  ringing  batteries  and  their  location  and  connec- 
tions, telephone  switchboards,  the  central  -  battery  system 
and  outside  line  construction,  and  includes  useful 
instructions  for  working  the  switchboard  system.  In 
this  section  (seeing  that  the  index,  though  good,  is  by 
no  means  complete),  we  believe  that  titles  should 
have  been  attached  to  the  illustrations,  or,  at  least,  parts  of 
the  text  should  have  been  italicised  so  as  to  facilitate  refer- 
ence to  any  particular  topic.  There  is  a  general  similarity 
between  telephone  wiring  diagrams  which  renders  such  a 
course  particularly  desirable.  Paragraph  33  extends  over 
13  pages,  and  includes  12  figures,  and  yet  has  no  sub-section 
headings  or  illustration  titles. 

No  space  is  devoted  to  automatic  exchange  working — the 
development  of  which  is  surely  sufficient  to  justify  its 
treatment.  Probably  space  limitations  precluded  the  intro- 
duction of  this  subject,  thus  supporting  our  view  that  it 
would  have  been  advisable  to  keep  the  telephone  matter  in 
a  separate  volume.  However,  the  book  is  to  be  thoroughly 
recommended  to  wiremen  and  those  engaged  in  the  installa- 
tion or  working  of  telephone  equipments.  In  a  later  edition 
we  hope  to  see  the  index  somewhat  amplified. 


Iron  and  Steel.     By  0.  F.  Hudson,  JI.Sc.,   and  Gvy  D. 

Bengough,   M.A.,    D.Sc.      London  :  Constable  &   Co., 

Ltd.     Price  6s.  net. 

To  the  making  of  books  on  the  subject  of  iron  and  steel 
there  seems  to  be  no  end,  and  the  critic  might  question 
the  need  for  still  another,  did  not  the  authors,  by  their 
reference  to  their  work  as  "  an  introductory  text-book  foi 
engineers  and  metallurgists,"  imply  that  it  was  by  no  means 
intended  to  compete  with  the  "  classics  "  on  these  subjects 
by  Harbord,  Turner  and  others.  Both  authors  are  specially 
fitted  to  deal  with  these  metals,  and  especially  the  effect  of 
mechanical  and  heat  treatment  on  their  properties  and  on 
those  of  their  alloys,  by  virtue  of  the  large  amount  of  original 
research  work  that  they  have  done  in  this  direction.  They 
wisely  ignore  almost  entirely  in  the  volume  under  review  the 
practical  details  of  methods  of  production,  in  order  that 
more  attention  may  be  directed  to  matters  of  greater  impor- 
tance to  engineers  and  other  users  of  these  metals,  such,  for 
example,  as  mechanical  testing,  the  properties  of  cast-iron, 
foundry  practice  and  the  mixing  of  cast-iron  for  foundry 
work.  In  the  section  devoted  to  the  latter  there  is  included 
a  useful  table  showing  the  composition  of  cast-iron  suitable 
for  different  purposes,  such  as  thin  ornamental  work,  medium- 
sized  castings  for  general  work,  heavy  machinery  castings 
and  engine  cylinders  and  hydraulic  work.  The  table  shows 
how  careful  the  engineer  must  be  about  the  composition  of 
his  castings,  for  while  the  silicon  in  light,  thin  work  can  be 
as  high  as  2nO  per  cent.,  it  should  not  exceed  11)0  per 
cent,  in  the  case  of  cylinder  castings.  Malleable  castings 
are  now  so  largely  used  in  spite,  be  it  noted,  of  the  advent  of 
cast  steel,  to  which  an  instructive  chapter  is  devoted,  that 
the  authors'  account  of  this  useful  and  cheap  material,  which 
can  be  successfully  employed  for  innumerable  smell  castings 
of  thin  section,  will  b^  read  with  spiral  interest. 


Vol,  73.  No.  1.8B7,  joM  27,  1911.]        THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


1086 


The  use  of  the  clcctrii;  fiirnftcc  in  the  inunufiiclure  of  iron 
and  steel  is  discussed.  It  is  shown  that  this  type  of  furnaco 
is  not  used  mucli  in  this  country  at  present— owing  to  high 
cost  of  energy — though  one  might  e.xpect  its  use  in  the 
Sheffield  district  in  connection  with  the  production  of  alloy 
steels.  Both  of  the  authors  arc  expert  nutallographists, 
hence  we  are  not  surprised  to  find  a  number  of  excellent 
reproductions  of  niicropliotographs,  which  will  enable  tlie 
reader  the  more  readily  to  comprehend  the  somewhat  highly 
technical  matter  of  the  comjXJsition  of  iron-carbon  alloys. 

The  volume  concludes  with  a  section  de\(ited  to  the 
(X)rro8ion  of  iron  and  steel  by  Dr.  IJengongh,  who  is 
pccnliarly  fitted  to  deal  with  this  very  important  subject  by 
virtue  of.  liis  position  as  Honorary  Investigator  to  the 
Corrosion  Committee  of  the  Institute  of  -Mttals,  in  which 
capacity  he  must  have  had  exceptional  opportunities  of 
looking  into  this  still  mysterious  subject. — G.  S.  S. 


AIR-GAPS  IN  MOVING-COIL   INSTRUMENTS. 


Bt  CIIARLEH  C.  GARRARD.  M.I.E.E. 


Simple    Electric    Cookery.       By   May   FjITTLE.     London  : 
Jarrold  &  Sons.     Price  Is.  G(3.  net. 

This,  we  believe,  is  the  first  electric  cookery  book  ;  it  is  a 
sign  of  the  times,  and  will  be  warmly  welcomed  by  two  great 
classes — the  suppliers  and  the  consumers  of  electricity — to 
fay  nothing  of  the  manufacturers  of  electrical  cooking 
apparatus.  The  author  is  a  highly  qualified  teacher  of 
cookery,  and  gives  demonstrations  at  the  Norwich  electricity 
department's  showrooms.  The  first  27  pages  are  devoted  to 
hints  and  notes  on  electric  cooking,  and  a  variety  of 
apparatus  by  leading  makers  is  illustrated,  but  the  pages  are 
not  loaded  with  descriptions  of  these.  The  convenience  and 
simplicity  of  electric  cooking,  which  needs  no  special  training  ; 
the  perfect  regulurity  of  the  heating  and  the  certainty  of 
always  achieving  the  desired  result ;  and  the  economy  which 
can  be  effected  by  the  proper  use  of  the  apparatus,  are 
pointed  out.  The  safety  from  shock  and  from  lire,  and  the 
absence  of  flues  and  dirt  (due  to  the  absence  of  fumes)  are 
other  advantages  which  are  cited,  together  with  the  saving 
of  labour.  The  author  emphatically  declares  that  cooking 
by  electricity  is  economical  in  every  way,  and  that  if  elec- 
tricity can  be  had  at  Id.  a  unit  or  less,  the  cost  compares 
very  favourably  with  that  of  gas  at  2s.  6d.  per  1,000  ft. 

The  reduction  in  the  loss  by  shrinkage  of  meat,  with  the 
accompanying  gain  in  digestibility  and  flavour,  is  not  over- 
looked. Instructions  are  given  for  cleaning  an  electric  cooker, 
and  for  carrying  on  the  usual  operations,  and  a  few  particulars 
are  added  as  to  the  cost  of  cooking  by  electricity.  The 
remainder  of  the  book — 100  pages — is  devoted  to  recipes 
numbering  185,  and  covering  all  the  requirements  of  a  large 
household  ;  these  are  too  highly  technical  for  us  to  venture 
on  discussing  them,  but  we  may  note  that  directions  regard- 
ing the  "  heat "  to  be  employed,  the  use  of  "  residual  heat," 
&c.,  are  of  frequent  occurrence.  In  other  words,  this  is  not 
an  ordinary  cookery  book  with  an  introductory  chapter  on 
electric  cooking ;  it  is  a  new  work,  written  expressly  to 
guide  the  user  of  electric  cooking  apparatus,  by  one  who  is 
an  expert  in  the  art.  We  have  no  hesitation  in  commend- 
ing it  to  the  notice  of  all  who  are  concerned  with  this 
increasingly  important  branch  of  the  electrical  industry. 


Charging  Electroscopes.— Writing  to  Nature,  Mr.  R. 

Vvhidding'ton  fays  he  finds  that  a  very  convenient  way  of  charping 
an  ordinary  gold-leaf  electroscope  is  to  rub  the  chargfing'  rod  with 
the  glass  bnlb  of  a  glowing  carbon-filament  lamp.  The  leaf  system 
becomes  negatively  charged.  It  is  quite  easy  to  charge  a  Brann 
electrostatic  voltmeter  to  several  thousand  volts  in  this  way. 

There  appears  to  be  nothing  mysterions  in  the  phenomenon.  The 
glass  of  the  lamp  is  kept  hot  and  free  from  moisture  by  the  beat 
supplied  from  within,  and  is,  therefore,  always  in  a  suitable  state 
for  producing  electricity  byfrio'ion  against  metals  or  other  pub- 
atances.  A  gla^s  tube  filled  with  hot  mercury  can  be  used  as 
Buccessfnlly  as  the  lamp. 

This  method  of  producing  electricity  by  frictim  is  easy  to 
employ  and  certain  in  action  ;  the  degree  of  electrification  can  be 
regulated  to  a  nicety. 

Electrical  Conirress  In  ArpentiDa.— A  scheme  is  on 

foot  to  organise  an  Electrical  Congress  in  Buenos  Ayres,  to  which 
all  the  electrical  engineers  in  Ar^fentina  and  Brazil  would  b« 
inTited, 


A  .MOViNO'COiL  ammeter  or  voltmeter  consist*  of  a  per* 
manent  magnet  arranged  with  a  narrow  air-gap,  dt  gap*, 
within  which  a  pivoted  coil,  carrying  a  current  profx^rtional 
to  the  (|uaiitity  to  l>e  measured,  moves.  The  Ujrque  stt  op 
by  the  electrodynamic  action  of  the  current  on  the  mag- 
netism in  the  air-gap  ddlects  the  instrument  and  causes  the 
tame  to  indicate.  The  object  of  this  article  is  to  consider 
the  effect  of  various  arrangements  of  the  air-ii{ap  on  the 
etliciency  of  the  instrument,  and  also  to  deal  with  ^several 
points  in  the  manufacture  of  such  instruments,  which  may 
be  of  interest.  In  addition,  some  considerations  on  the 
subject  of  the  permanent  magnet  itself  will  be  dealt 
with. 

1.  Torque  Experienced  by  a  Wire  carrying  a  Current  in 
the  Field  Produced  by  a  Permanent  Magnet. —  Let  \.  be  the 
active  length  in  inches  of  wire  {i.e.,  within  the  action  of  the 
magnetic  field),  i  the  current  in  amperes  flowing  through 
the  wire,  and  n  the  magnetic  density  (i.e.,  number  of  magnetic 
lines  per  sq.  centimetre  in  the  air-gap),  then — 

Force  acting  on  wire  =  l   x    2*54  x    i/lO    x 
b/981  grammes. 

Torque  =  force  x  radius  in  centimetres  at  which 
the  force  acts  =  gramme-centimetres  torque. 

In  a  good  90"  scale  moving-coil  instrument  the  torque  at 
full  scale  deflection  is  generally  about  I  gramme-centimetre. 

2.  Magnetinng  of  Permanent  Magnets. — Before  mag- 
netising, the  magntts  should  be  flnithed  machined,  and 
provided  with  their  cast-iron  or  mild  steel  pole  pieces,  which 
should  not  be  removed  after  magnetisation  ;  in  fact,  as  far 
as  possible,  the  magnetic  circuit  should  not  be  disturbed 
after  the  magnetising  and  ageing  process.  Generally,  it  will 
be  necessary  to  remove  the  core  round  which  the  moving 
coil  swings.  But  nothing  further  should  be  moved  without 
remagnetising  the  magnet. 

The  first  process  is  to  magnetise  the  magnet  to  eatora- 
tion.     This  is  most  conveniently  done  as  follows  : — 

A  magnetising  coil  is  provided,  of,  say,  28  turns,  so  made 
that  each  turn  is  in  two  halves,  an  upper  and  a  lower  one. 
The  upper  halves  are  arranged  on  a  plate  hinged  relatively 
to  the  plate  carrying  the  bottom  halves.  Thus  the  coil  can 
be  opened  out,  a  magnet  inserted  and  the  coil  closed  again, 
and  the  magnetising  circuit  is  complete  round  the  same. 

The  joint  between  the  upper  and  lower  halves  of  each 
turn  can  be  a  mercury  one,  the  coils  being  thick  copper 
wire  of,  say.  No.  10  S.W.G.  The  coil  so  formed  is  then 
connected  a  number  of  times,  as  a  short-circuit,  across  a  200 
to  250-volt  direct-current  supply  in  series  with  a  circuit- 
breaker,  which  naturally  operates  each  time  a  short-circuit  is 
made.  As  small  a  resistance  is  placed  in  series  with  the 
magnetising  coil  as  possible.  Naturally,  such  work  may 
cause  some  disturbance  to  the  electric  supply  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, and  in  some  factories  it  is  found  most  convenient 
to  carry  out  magnetising  work  when  the  rest  of  the  shops 
are  shut  down.  The  most  suitable  resistance  and  setting  of 
the  circuit- breaker  for  the  local  conditions  will,  however, 
be  found  by  trial,  the  principle  being  by  means  of  sudden 
magnetic  blows,  so  to  speak,  to  magnetise  the  magnet  to 
saturation. 

8.  Maximum  Vulus  of  Magnetisation  of  the  Magnet  and 
Effect  of  Arrangement  of  the  Air-Gap. — The  saturation 
value  of  a  good  magnet  will  be  about  3,500  lines  per  square 
centimetre  cross-section  of  the  magnet.  It  should  be  not«d 
that  this  saturation  value  is  the  remanent  magnetism  after 
the  magnetising  force  has  been  removed  and  while  the  magnet 
is  subjected  to  the  small  self-demagnetising  action  of  its  own 
free  poles.  It  is  not  necessary  to  go  into  this  minutely,  the 
chief  point  to  bear  in  mind  being  that  the  maxin  urn  number 
of  magnetic  lines  which  can  be  got  thrcurh  the  magnetic 
circuit  depends  almost  wholly  upon  the  character  of  the 
steel  and  the  cross-section  of  the  magnet,  and  not  upon  the 
shape  or  size  of  the  narrow  air-gap  of  the  instrument.  As, 
moreover,  the  magnetic  leakage  of  lines — i.e.,  lines  not  pass- 
ing through  the  air-gap — is,  with  a  good  design  of  instro* 


1086 


THE    ELECTRICAL    ivEVIEW.        L^oi-  ^a.   No.  i,867.  Jonk  27,  1918, 


ment,  not  more  than  about  10  per  cent.,  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  amount  of  majrnetism  available  for  giving  the 
deflecting  torque  to  the  instrument  simply  depends  upon 
the  quality  and  size  of  the  permanent  magEet  and  not  upon 
the  arrangement  of  the  air-gap. 

4.  Parallel  Arrangement  of  Air-Gaps. — This  disposes  of 
the  claim  recently  made  (see  Electrician,  Tol.  LXX, 
p.  671)  that  the  arrangement  of  the  two  air-gaps  of  a 
moving  coil  instrument  in  parallel  (see  fig.  1)  instead  of  in 


Fig.  1.— A1K-OAP6  IK  Paballel.    Fig.  2.— Aie-gapb  in  Skkies- 
Peemanent  Magnet  Ststems. 

series*  is  an  advantage.  The  claims  put  forward  for  this 
arrangement  were  : — («)  Greater  permanence  ;  (h)  remark- 
able freedom  from  external  interferences ;  (c)  exceedingly 
strong  working  field. 

.\8  regards  (a)  this  cannot  be  afifected  by  the  air-gap,  as 
it  simply  depends  on  the  magnetic  rigidity  of  the  magnet, 
which  will  be  dealt  with  later  ;  and  (i)  and  (c)  simply 
depend  upon  the  density  of  magnetism  in  the  air-gap.  As 
the  total  magnetic  lines  available  simply  depend  on  the 
magnet,  it  will  be  S€en  that,  with  equal  magnets,  the 
density  in  the  air-gap  of  the  parallel  arrangement  is  half 
that  in  the  series  arrangement  (assuming  the  air-gaps  equal 
in  area).  Therefoi'e  the  effect  of  exterior  fields  is  double 
in  the  parallel-gap  instrument  and  the  working  field  is  one- 
half. 

5.  Agdng  of  Permanent  Magnets. — The  process  described 
in  paragraph  No.  2  has  brought  the  magnet  to  a  state  scme- 
what  under  complete  saturation.  Such  a  magnet  cannot, 
however,  be  used  in  an  instrument  with  any  hope  of  constancy 
of  calibration.  It  is  necessary  to  subject  it  to  the  so-called 
ageing  process.     Many  methods  have  been  proposed  for  this 


Fie.  3.— Effect  of  Magxetisikg  and  Demagnetising  Forces 
ON  Aged  Magnet8, 


in  the  past,  but  it  may  be  said  that  the  underljing^rinciple 
of  them  all  is  to  subject  the  msgnet  to  a  greater 
demagnetising  effect,  previous  to  puttiijg  it  into  the  instru- 
ment, than  it  is  likely  to  mtet  with  in  use.  Lesser 
demagnetising  influences  have  aftei wards  no  peimanent 
effect  on  the  magnet.  This  prcferty  of  the  permanent 
magnet  is  scmewlat  extraorditaiy,  ard  so  far  as  the  writer 
is  aware,  no  eatisfactory  explanation  has  been  given 
of  it. 

The  chief  part  of  the  ageing  process  is  to  demagnetise 
the  magnet  from  its  saturation  value  by  paising  an  alter- 


nating current  around  the  magnetising  coil.  "When  doing 
this  the  demagnetising  alternating  current  must  be  gradually 
increased  to  its  maximum  and  then  gradually  decreased  to  a 
small  value  before  breaking  the  circuit.  Thus  any  ambiguity 
as  to  thfe  exact  point  in  the  current  curve  at  which  the 
circuit  is  ruptured  is  obviated.  In  order  to  secure  the  best 
results  it  is  necessary  to  carry  the  demagnetisation  down  to 
a  comparatively  low  figure.  Thus  the  saturated  magnetic 
density  in  the  air-gap  of  an  instrument  having  a  magnet 
illustrated  in  fig.  2  would  be  1,100  lines  per  sq.  centimetre 
before  removing  the  central  core.  After  demagnetisation 
the  value  should  be  equal  to  about  60  per  cent,  of  the 
saturation  value. 

The  process  of  demagnetisation  affords  an  excellent  test 
as  to  the  quality  of  the  magnet.  The  amount  of  demagnet- 
ising current  required  to  reduce  the  magnetism  by  the  above 
amount  is  approximately  proportional  to  the  coercive  force. 
Any  magnet,  therefore,  which  requires  less  than  a  certain 
demagnetising  current  should  be  rejected.  For  the  magnet 
shown  in  fig.  2  the  demagnetising  alternating  current  should 
not  be  less  than  890  ampere-turns,  equal  to  an  u  of 
17  (corresponding  to  the  root  mean  square  value  of  the 
current ;  naturally  at  the  maximum  of  the  alternating 
current  wave  the  demagnetising  h  is  proportionally  larger). 

In  addition  to  the  demagnetisation  brought  about  by  the 
alternating  current,  it  is  found  that  mechanical  vibration 
has  a  certain  effect.  After,  therefore,  the  treatment  with 
alternating  current,  the  central  core  a  (fig.  2)  is  removed, 
and  the  magnet  system  is  struck  a  number  of  smart  blows, 
afterwards  measuring  the  magnetic  flux.  This  is  kept  np 
until  no  further  diminution  of  flux  occurs.  A  good  magnet 
will  only  fall  a  further  1^  per  cent,  of  the  saturation  value 
under  this  treatment,  and  this  likewise  affords  a  further 
criterion  of  the  goodness  of  the  magnet,  any  magnet  falling 
more  than  this  value  due  to  mechanical  shock  being 
rejected. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  final  magnet,  as  used  in  the 
instrument,  will  have  a  working  magnetic  flux  density  of 
about  GOO  lines  per  square  centimetre.  This  corresponds  to 
good  modern  practice.  Such  an  aged  magnet,  if  tested  as 
to  the  effect  of  further  magnetising  and  demagnetising  forces, 
will  give  a  result  represented  in  fig.  8.  It  will  be  seen  that 
any  less  magnetic  force  than  that  to  which  it  has  been 
subjected  during  the  ageing  process  is  without  permanent 
effect  on  the  calibration  of  the  instrument. 


THE    I.M.E.A.    CONVENTION,    1913, 


{Continued  from  page  1020.) 

AVhatevek  else  may  be  said  of  this  year's  Convention,  it 
cannot  be  denied  that  it  provided  enough,  and  to  spare,  of 
occupation  for  those  who  chose  to  avail  themselves  of  it. 
The  discussions — those  to  which  the  Press  were  admitted — 
were  interesting,  and  dealt  with  matters  of  moment  to 
municipal  electricity  suppliers  ;  and  we  have  no  reason  for 
supposing  that  the  discussions  in  camera  were  any  less 
interesting,  although  whether  they  realised  the  expectations 
of  their  originators  seems  to  be  another  matter. 

The  first  day's  proceedings  were  referred  to  at  some 
length  in  our  last  issue,  and  concluded  with  a  meeting  of 
the  "  Point  Fives "  and  their  friends  at  the  Delico 
Restaurant.  The  lengthy  discussion  on  electrical  heating 
and  cooking  dealt  principally  with  questions  of  tariff, 
standardisation  of  apparatus,  and  publicity — the  first  two 
being  subjects  on  which  agreement  can  scarcely  be  expect«d, 
as  between  the  station  engineer  and  the  manufacturer  of 
apparatus,  at  the  present  time. 

Wednesday  morning  was  given  up  to  a  discussion  of  the 
I.M.E.A.  Bill,  and  heating  and  cooking,  in  camera,  and  in 
the  afternoon  a  large  party  visited  the  Electric  Railway 
Power  House,  at  Lot's  Road,  Chelsea.  In  the  evening  the 
annual  dinner,  held  at  the  Hotel  Cecil,  was  very  largely 
attended  by  the  members  and  their  ladies  and  guests,  the 
latter  including  Mr.  TV.  Duddell,  president  of  the  Institution 
of  Electrical  Engineers;  Mr.  A.  L.  C.  Fell,  chief  officer, 
L.C.C.  Tramways  ;  Mr.  Wm.  Bryan,  chief  engineer,  Metro- 


Vol.   72.     No.  l,8f.7,  JUNB  27,  1913.] 


THE    ELECTRICAL    llEVir:W. 


10H7 


politan  Water  Hoard  ;  Dr.  Ferrauti  ;  Mr.  C.  II.  Wordiiigliara  ; 
and  Mr.  J.  11.  Kidcr.  Mr.  J.  E.  Edgcome,  president, 
I.M.E.A.,  occupied  the  chair. 

Followinjf  the  loyal  toa«t8,  Mk.  VV.  Duduki.l  proposed  "The 
AcBOoiation,"  omphaHiHiiij,^  the  advantaifOH  whiuh  Huuh  iiieetiii|;R  hh 
that  (fave  In  providinir  opportuniti(m  for  dincuBnion,  and  tlio 
pleasure  with  whioh  he  had  welcomed  them  at  the  InHtitution  on 
the  previous  day.  The  Puesidknt,  in  reply in(jr,  urifcd  that  despite 
its  youth,  the  Aasoointion  could  olahn  to  have  done  soinu  ifuod 
work.  The  combinntion  of  technical  and  civic  membership  was  of 
(freat  value  ;  the  100  members  were  approximately  equally  divided 
between  the  engineerB  and  councillors,  and  it  was  soinelhin),'  that 
Buch  a  huffe  sum  as  120  million  pounds  had  been  entrusted  to  their 
care.  He  regretted  that  Parliamentary  duties  had  called  away  Sir 
W.  H.  Davies  and  Mr.  G.  Cave,  to  whom  they  were  indebted  in 
connection  with  their  Bill.  This  Bill  was,  he  thought,  in  their  own 
interesta,  and  would  benefit  the  electrical  industry  generally  ;  it 
would  mend  the  present  illoi^ical  situation,  in  which  certain  powers 
were  possessed  by  some  towns  and  not  by  others.  lie  appealed  to 
the  members  to  help  the  Bill  forward  by  bringing  local  pressure  to 
bear  ;  the  Association  ought  to  be  able  to  exercise  greater  Parlia- 
mentary pressure  than  it  had  done.  He  concluded  by  a  reference 
to  Mr.  Shawfield,  whose  position  he  was  occupying  that  night. 

Mu.  R.  A.  Chattock,  who  was  originally  down  for  a  Parlia- 
mentary toast,  proposed  "  Our  Past  Presidents,"  coupling  with  it 
the  names  of  Mr.  C.  H.  Wordingham,  Mr.  J.  H.  Rider,  and  Mr. 
J.  F.  0.  Snell,  all  of  whom  briefly  replied.  Mr.  Wukdinguam, 
mentioned  his  regard  for  the  Association,  of  which  he  claimed 
to  be  one  of  the  founders,  and  his  conviction  that  its  succeps  was 
due  to  its  exclusively  municipal  membership,  while  Mb.  Ridek 
(also  a  founder)  expressed  his  great  pleasure  at  meeting  them,  and 
Mb.  Snell  credited  the  Association  with  having  shaped  his  career  in 
the  early  days. 

Mk.  Harky  Richardson  proposed  "  Our  Guests,"  the  Mayor  oi' 
Kingston  (.Councillor  C.  H.  Burge),  and  Dr.  Fereanti  replying. 

The  various  speeches  were  interspersed  with  musical  items,  this 
portion  of  the  programme,  arranged  by  Miss  Ilaidee  Hamilton, 
i>eing  greatly  appreciated  by  those  present. 

On  Thursday  the  meeting  was  resumed  at  Kingston-on- 
Thames,  where,  in  the  Empire  Theatre,  the  visitors  were 
cordially  welcomed  by  the  Mayor,  Councillor  Burge.  The 
stage  effect  was  all  that  could  be  desired,  and  we  congratulate 
the  corner-men  on  their  dignified  performance. 

Even  the  Mayor,  whose  opening  evidently  had  not  been 
rehearsed,  and  who,  having  too  hastily  assumed  that  Mr. 
Christie's  paper  covered  familiar  ground,  discoursed  on  the 
hygienic  advantages  of  purifying  the  atmosphere  in  which 
we  live  !  provided  excellent  entertainment,  especially  when 
later  the  real  subject  of  Mr.  Christie's  paper  was  emphasised 
by  that  gentleman  himself.  This  paper,  on  "  Air  Filtration 
for  Electrical  Machinery,"  and  the  discussion  which 
followed  its  reading,  are  dealt  with  elsewhere  ;  we  believe 
that  the  concensus  of  opinion,  aided  by  Dr.  Ferranti's 
masterly  exposition  of  the  subject,  was  all  in  favour  of  the  wet 
system  of  air  filtration,  so  far  as  the  short  experience  of  its 
use  can  permit  of  an  opinion  being  formed.  The  whole 
subject  has  come  forward  so  rapidly  that  the  manu- 
facturer of  electrical  machines  has  been  taken  by  surprise, 
although  to  do  him  credit  he  seems  to  be  quickly  grasping 
the  situation. 

There  appears  to  be  no  reason  for  doubting  the  efiBcacy  of 
the  system  under  ordinary  running  conditions,  and  provided 
that  circumstances  do  not  arise  in  which  the  temperature  of 
the  air  falls  during  its  passage  through  the  machine. 

Following  this  paper  came  one  on  "  Electric  Vehicles,"  by 
Messrs.  W.  H.  L.  Watson  and  Raymond  J.  Mitchell.  For- 
tunately, the  volume  which  these  gentlemen  had  prepared, 
and  which  contains  a  great  deal  of  interesting  matter,  was 
only  "  introduced,"  and  this  allowed  of  a  discussion  in  wh'ch 
about  a  dozen  speakers  took  part.  This  covered  questions 
of  tariff  and  charging  arrangements,  but  perhaps  the  sug- 
gestion of  Mr.  Ayton,  that  a  Special  Committee  should  be 
formed  to  discuss  the  provision  of  charging  facilities, 
garaging:,  &c.,  was  the  most  helpful  contribution. 

No  doubt  the  electric  vehicle,  particularly  the  heavy  com- 
mercial vehicle,  is  attracting  the  attention  of  station  engi- 
neers all  over  the  country,  and  it  is  significant  that  at  the 
annual  general  meeting,  which  took  place  on  the  following  day, 
a  resolution  by  Mr.  Ayton  substantially  embodying  his  sugges- 
tion for  a  Committee  was  adopted  by  the  Association. 

In  conjunction  with  this  paper  a  demonstration  of  various 
types  of  electric  vehicle  was  given,  for  the  benefit  of  the 
visitors.  Included  among  the  cars  was  the  Arrol-Johnson 
vehicle,  which  had  a  few  days  previously  journeyed  from 
Dumfries  to  London.  This  trial  run  was  initiated  by  our 
friends  of  The  Electrician ;   we  gather  chat  362  milei  ware 


covered  and  that  charging  current,  reckoned  at  a  fair  aver- 
age rate  of  Id.  per  unit,  would  have  cost  17b.  Gd.  for  the 
run.  The  total  running  time  waH  about  ."0  hourit,  the  opeed 
averaging  between  II  and  12  milcH  an  hour;  the  vehicle, 
which  was  built  for  town  work,  proved  quite  reliable  deir|jit« 
its  rough  journey,  and  at  KiiigHt^tn  attracted  considerdble 
attention. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  meeting,  the  viBitorn  adjourned 
to  Nuthall's  restaurant,  where  luncheon  was  served  on  the 
lawn  ;  Bubfie(|uently,  tlie  party — lamiliering,  we  Ixilieve, 
about  1(»0— enjoyed  a  short  trip  on  the  Thames,  a  call  lx;ing 
made  at  Hampton  Court  on  iho  return  journey  whtre, 
however,  the  brief  time  at  our  disposal  and  the  exorbitant 
demands  made  upon  it  by  the  inevitable  photographer,  did 
not  allow  of  more  than  a  passing  glance  at  the  lx;autiful 
gardens.  Our  municipal  readers  will  l^e  interested  in  tlie 
view  of  the  party  in  one  of  the  quadrangles,  which  we  repro- 
duce on  page  1070. 

The  day  finished  with  a  dinner  in  the  evening  at 
Nuthall's,  at  the  conclusion  of  which  the  President's  health 
was  drunk  with  enthusiasm,  somewhat  out  of  phase  music- 
ally,  but  none  the  less  sincere. 

On  Friday  morning  the  annual  general  meeting  of  the 
Association  was  held. 

The  first  business,  the  election  of  a  new  president,  resulted 
in  Mr.  R.  A.  Chattock  being  elected  for  the  ensuing  year,  so 
that  to  Birmingham  will  fall  the  honour  of  entertaining 
the  Association  during  its  next  convention.  In  passing,  we 
may  congratulate  the  -Association  on  its  choice  ;  its  new 
President  is  an  engineer  of  wide  experience  and  unques- 
tioned ability,  full  worthy  of  the  honour  b'estowed. 

The  feature  of  the  business  meeting  was  undoubtedly  the 
masterly  control  exercised  by  the  President,  Mr.  Edgcome. 
We  never  remember  having  seen  the  annual  report  and 
accounts  adopted  with  such  celerity  before  ! 

We  do  not  know  whether  Mr.  Edgcome  has  been  study- 
ing present-day  Parliamentary  tactics,  but  certainly  his 
method  of  taking  the  report,  page  by  page,  mentioning  page 
numbers  only  and  those  generally  two  or  three  ahead  of 
his  audience,  had  a  great,  though  possibly  unintentional, 
resemblance  to  the  guillotine  methods  favoured  by  the 
"lightning"  legislators. 

Mr.  Ayton's  electric  vehicle  committee  proposal,  some 
questions  as  to  publicity  expenditure,  a  request  for  more 
"  secret "  meetings  next  year,  and  some  sort  of  an  explana- 
tion to  the  Press  as  to  the  objects  of  the  latter,  were  the 
only  items  of  interest,  but  a  special  (private)  meeting  fol- 
lowed, at  which  the  amendment  of  the  articles  of  association 
and  other  matters  were  discussed.  The  rest  of  Friday  was  an 
"  off  day,"  so  far  as  the  visitors  were  concerned,  and  many 
of  them  returned  to  the  North  during  the  day.  Neverthe- 
less, a  goodly  muster  of  visitors,  some  70  or  80  strong, 
started  off  on  Saturday  morning  to  visit  the  installation  of 
"  Humphrey "  pumps  at  the  Chingford  Reservoir  of  the 
Metropolitan  Water  Board. 

This  was  probably  the  most  interesting  visit  of  the  week, 
from  an  engineering  standpoint,  as  the  Chingford  pumps  are 
the  only  commercial  examples  of  their  kind,  and,  moreover, 
have  some  interest  to  electrical  men  in  view  of  the  sugges- 
tions which  have  been  put  forward  for  utilising  them  in  con- 
junction with  hydraulic  turbines  coupled  to  generators  for 
producing  electricity. 

There  are  five  pumps,  four  of  which  are  each  rated  at 
350  H.P.,  the  other  being  half  that  size.  The  pumps  are 
arranged  in  wells,  with  the  7-ft.  diameter  gas  heads,  each 
containing  a  number  of  inlet  and  scavenging  valves,  a  few 
feet  below  floor  level  ;  the  cyc'es  of  operations  recur  with 
great  regularity,  and  the  operation  of  the  pump  produces 
only  muffled  sounds. 

The  pumps  are  fed  with  gas  from  Dowson  producers, 
running  on  anthracite  costing  about  30s.  per  ton,  and  consume 
•81  lb.  fuel  per  w.H.P.  The  large  pumps  make  10  strokes  or 
explosionsper  minute,  each  resulting  in  the  lifting  of  15  tons  of 
water  into  their  water  towers,  from  which  a  continuous  flow 
takes  place  into  the  reservoir.  The  visitors  were  allowed  to 
climb  to  the  top  of  the  water  cowers,  where  the  rise  and  fall 
of  the  water  illustrated  the  cycle  of  operations  in  the  pump. 

The  pumps  run  for  a  period  of  lA.  or  16  hours  without 
attention,  the  pump  room  being,  as  a  rule,  locked  at  night. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  coil  ignition  is  fitted  and 


10S8 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW.       rvoL  72.    no.  1,857,  junb  27, 1913. 


used  in  preference  to  the  magneto,  the  explanation  being 
that  with  the  former  system,  though  water  may,  and  probably 
does,  quench  the  first  spark,  yet  the  succession  of  sparks 
with  the  coil  ensures  ignition. 

Combustion  appears  to  be  of  a  most  complete  character — 
we  put  our  head  into  the  exhaust  chimney  without  recognis- 
ing it  as  such  ;  moreover,  no  discoverable  contamination  of 
the  water  takes  place. 

Blowers  for  forced  scavenging  were  installed,  but  the 
pumpjs  appear  to  work  equally  well  without  them.  We 
gathered  that  the  pumps  cost  £10  to  £12  per  w.h.p.,  and 
it  therefore  remains  for  electrical  men  to  add  the  cost  of 
hydro-electric  equipment  for  comparison  with  steam  turbine 
piant.  Although  the  pump  fuel  costs  are  low,  it  is 
evident  that  in  its  present  stage  of  development,  the  gas 
pump  cum  hydro-electric  plant  is  only  an  intelligent  antici- 
pation of  a  possibility.  Nevertheless,  the  Humphrey  pump 
is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  engineering  achievements  of 
recent  times  ;  the  fact  that  it  has  so  admirably  fulfilled  the 
intentions  of  its  designer  is  a  tribute  to  the  scientific 
accuracy  of  present-day  engineering  knowledge. 

After  inspecting  this  plant  many  of  the  visitors  proceeded 
to  Chingford,  where  luncheon  was  served  at  a  local  hostelry, 
and  returned  to  town  later  in  the  day. 

In  conclusion,  we  think  the  Convention  of  1913  will  bear 
full  comparison  with  any  of  its  numerous  predecessors  ;  for 
the  smooth  conduct  of  the  varied  business  of  the  week,  all 
credit  is  due  to  Mr.  J.  E.  Edgcome,  who  so  ably  discharged 
the  difficult,  though  to  him  not  unfamiliar,  office  of  president. 


Air  Filtration,  Cooling  and  Ventilation  of  Electrical 
Machinery. 

By  J.  Chkistie,  Enpineer  and  Manager,  Corporation  Electricity 
Department,  Brighton. 

The  following  notes  are  inteuLed  to  apply  to  the  air  filtration, 
cooling  and  ventilation  of  large  steam  tnrbo-driven  alternators. 

By  fitting  end  bells,  air  ducts  and  forced  ventilation,  the  makers, 
without  any  very  material  alteration  in  the  design,  have,  with  the 
same  carcase,  been  able  to  double  the  output  with  a  decreased  tem- 
perature rise,  whilst  the  selling  price  per  kilowatt  of  rating  has 
been  proportionately  reduced. 

To  effectively  cool  large  units  of  plant  with  the  surrounding  air 
at  normal  temperature,  some  5  to  7i  cb.  ft.  of  air  per  minute  per 
kilowatt  of  rated  output  must  be  forced  through  the  windings  of 
the  machine,  the  general  practice  being  to  draw  this  from  outside 


air  ducts  choked  np,  and  with  the  consequent  rise  in  temperature 
the  efficiency  of  the  machine  rapidly  falls  oS.  A  sensitive  air 
gauge  is  a  most  useful  accessory  to  fix  on  the  main  air  duct  to  the 
machine,  as  it  shows  the  attendant  at  a  glance  the  actual  condition 
of  the  ventilating  system. 

Where  no  filters  are  provided,  there  is  little  doubt  but  that  the 
condition  of  the  varnish  and  insulating  fabric  on  the  end  windings 
becomes  in  time  seriously  affected  by  the  heat  and  the  constant 
sandblast  action  which  takes  place  due  to  the  large  volume  of  grit 
charged  air  moving  at  high  velocity  over  their  surface,  thus 
making  it  porous.  If  a  machine  in  this  condition  is  allowed  to  cool 
down  in  a  humid  atmosphere,  the  insulation,  due  to  the  absorption 
of  moisture,  rapidly  falls  below  a  surface  figure,  and  this  I  belitve 
is  the  real  cause  of  many  mysterious  "burn-outs"  for  which  it 
has  been  difficult  to  account.  Most  of  you  who  have  had  this  un- 
pleasant experience  will,  I  think,  agree  with  me  that  such  failures 
have  generally  occurred  when  a  machine  has  jui-t  been  run  up  and 
put  on  load  after  a  lengthy  rest. 

The  type  of  air  filter  most  commonly  in  use  consists  of  closely 
woven  cloth,  tightly  stretched  on  suitable  wooden  or  wickerwork 
frames,  and  so  arranged  as  to  present  a  large  area  to  the  incoming 
air,  thus  keeping  the  velocity  and  pressure  on  the  fabric  at  this 
point  as  low  as  possible.  The  general  practice  is  to  allow  one-fifth 
of  a  square  foot  of  filter  medium  per  cubic  foot  of  air  per  minute. 
This  is  approximately  equivalent  to  one  square  foot  of  area  per 
kilowatt  of  rated  output,  and  in  the  cafe  of  large  machines  it 
becomes  a  most  unwieldy  surface  to  handle  efficiently.  At  best, 
this  type  of  filter  can  only  be  regarded  as  an  unsatisfactory  make- 
shift, and  it  possesses  the  following  disadvantages  : — 

1 .  The  large  space  occupied  in  proportion  to  its  capacity. 

2.  It  requires  cleaning  at  frequent  intervals. 

3.  The  filter  cloths  wear  out  quickly  and  are  expensive  to  renew. 
(£75  to  £100  per  annum  for  cloth  and  labour  is  by  no  means  an 
outside  figure  for  the  efficient  maintenance  of  such  a  filter  on  say, 
a  3,000  KW.  set  of  plant.) 

4.  The  cleaning  of  the  filter  is  a  long  and  dirty  job,  and  can 
hardly  be  acccmplished  without  taking  the  machine  out  of  service 
for  some  considerable  time. 

5.  Owing  to  its  combustible  nature  it  is  a  hazardous  fire  risk. 

6.  Unless  of  liberal  area  it  quickly  chokes  up,  and  the  air  pressure 
rises  till  the  fabric  bursts.  It  is  well  to  note  that  the  air  pressure 
on  the  intake  duct  of  a  machine  should  not  be  allowed  to  exceed 
1  to  li  in.  of  water,  otherwise  there  is  a  grave  ritk  of  oil  vaponi 
being  drawn  in  from  the  bearings  if  the  oil  is  run  at  the  excetsively 
high  temperature  one  usually  sees  on  turbine  installations,  and  this 
has  a  most  harmful  effect  on  the  insulation. 

As  an  efficient  substitute  for  a  cloth  filter,  a  suggestion  was  put 
to  me  last  year  to  use  a  water  Fpray  screen  such  as  is  fitted  in  the 
"air  conditioning  chamber  "  in  the  Plenum  system  of  ventilating 
large  buildings,  and  facilities  were  afforded  me  for  inspectirg  such 
an  equipment  in  connection  with  a  large  institution  in  London. 

On  the  face  of  it,  at  first  sight,  it  strikes  one  as  a  rather  daring 
proposition  to  pass  air  through  water  then  directly  into  the  internal 
anatomy  of  a  high-tension  alternator,  but  I  was  so  satisfied  with 
the  experiments  which  I  was  kindly  enabled  to  carry  out,  that  I 


«:^2S21S£S2^3:E:^5a!W 


Fig.  1. 


the  building,  or,  where  the  conditions  are  favourable,  from  the 
engine  room  basement,  the  circulation  being  effected  either  by 
separate  motor-driven  fans  or  by  fans  fitted  to  the  rotating  part 
of  the  machine  itself. 

For  moderate  sired  units  of,  say,  3,000  to  5,000-KW.  capacity,  at 
speeds  of  1,500  B.P..M.,  I  favour  this  latter  arrangement,  as  being 
cheaper,  more  efficient  and  reliable,  but  for  large  slower  speed 
plants,  and  where  there  are  several  of  these  sets  wciking  together, 
then  undoubtedly  the  best  lay-out  is  to  provide  main  inlet 
and  outlet  ducts  common  to  all  machines  with  branches  and 
dampers  to  each  unit,  and  to  have  a  combination  of  fans  on  the 
rotors  themselves  supplemented  by  separate  motor-driven  fans  for 
heavy  overloads,  the  air  filters  being  fitted  at  the  ends  of  the  intake 
duct,  and  preferably  in  a  tnitable  chamber  outside  the  building. 

All  air  about  a  power  house,  no  matter  how  cleanly  the  surround- 
ings may  be.  Is  heavily  charged  with  duet  and  fine  gritty  particles 
in  suspension,  and  unices  every  care  is  taken  to  filter  it  before 
paaaing  it  through  tha  machine,  the  windings  become  coated  and  the 


had  no  hesitation  in  recommending  my  Council  to  purchase  a 
suitable  apparatus  of  this  type  for  the  last  new  alternator  installed 
at  our  Southwick  power  houfe.  It  consists  (see  fig.  1)  of  a  strong 
rectangular  galvanised  sheet- ire  n  chamber,  one  end  (the  air  intake) 
being  ojen  and  fitted  with  louvres.  This  opening  is  of  such 
sectional  area  that  the  velocity  cf  air  at  this  point,  when  the 
machine  is  going  full  blast,  is  c<  mparatively  low. 

In  our  case  this  filter  is  fixed  in  the  basement  adjacent  to  the 
machine  foundations.  Soae  2  ft.  ii  side  the  air  inlet  a  water 
screen  is  fitted.  This  coufists  of  a  series  of  small  nozzles  pitched 
6  in.  apart  uniformly  over  the  entire  area.  Some  6  ft.  beyond  the 
screen  a  moisture  eliminator  is  fixed  (this  is  a  sort  of  biiffle). 
Thence  the  air  passes  directly  into  the  alieri.ator. 

The  base  of  t-he  ihamter  lorms  a  fresh-water  tack  holding  some 
300  trallons,  and  is  fitted  with  a  ball-cock  off  the  town  mains  to 
keep  the  level  constant,  and  to  make  up  for  any  evaporation. 

A  email  motor-driven  centrifugal  pump,  of  about  2  H  P.,  circulates 
this  water  at  a  pressure  of  20  to  26  lb.  per  sq.  in.  through  tha 


Vol.  72.     No.  1,H:.7,  June  27,  19i;t.J 


THE    KLI'^CTKICAL    KKVIKW 


lOBl) 


Byatem.  Tho  no/zlcH  project  thiH  wator  in  tho  form  of  a  finely 
atoniiHcd  Hpruy  dircotly  utfainnt  the  tnuomini;  uir  (thiH  Hpuce, 
when  tho  appurntuH  in  workinj;,  havintf  tho  appearanco  of  ii  (lenHc 
dtcaiiiy  bank  of  cloud),  and  all  Holid  matter  in  HiiH[)enHion  in  tho  air 
iH  cau^'ht  and  precipitated  in  the  tank.  Any  headH  of  moiHture  or 
irrit  carried  throu(fh  with  the  air  are  edcctively  trapped  by  the 
eliminator,  and  nothing  but  pure  cool  humid  air  in  carried  into  the 
machine.  In  eome  localities  durini;  the  winter  monthn  with  this 
claBs  of  filter  it  will  bo  desirable  to  fit  a  small  steam  coil  in  the 
water  tank  just  sudicient  to  keep  tho  water  from  freczint;. 
The  advantairos  claimed  for  the  water  screen  filter  are  :  — 

1.  For  ecjual  capacity  the  space  occupied  is  lesn,  and  in  the  case 
of  larfi^e  machines  only  about  half  that  of  a  cloth  filter. 

2.  No  fire  risk. 

3.  The  apparatus  is  quickly  and  easily  cleaned,  it  beinp  only 
necessary  to  drain  off  the  water  at  intervals  dependintc  on  the 
amount  of  dirt  in  the  air  (once  every  two  weeks  in  our  case  is  often 
enoupfh),  wash  out  the  tank  with  a  hose  pipe,  fill  up  and  start  the 
pump  aprain.  .Ml  this  can  be  done  in  a  few  minutes  and  without 
even  taking  the  machine  off  load. 

4.  No  costly  filter  cloths  to  frequently  wash  and  renew. 

5.  The  resistance  to  the  air  is  always  constant,  and  is  less  than 
one-third  that  of  a  cloth  filter,  so  that  the  power  for  drivin;;  the 
main  fan  is  proportionately  less,  whilst  the  total  energy  consumed 
by  the  outfit  as  a  whole  shows  a  substantial  saving  over  that 
required  by  a  cloth  filter,  after  making  full  allowance  for  driving 
the  water  circulating  pump. 

(i.  The  air  after  passing  through  the  filter  is  not  only  pure,  but 
is  generally  several  degrees  colder  than  the  surrounding  air,  due  to 
its  being  reduced  to  wet  bulb  temperature,  consequently  its 
cooling  effect  on  the  machine,  volume  for  volume  of  air,  is 
proportionately  greater,  this  difference  in  temperature  being 
generally  most  marked  in  the  summer  time  just  when  the  extra 
cooling  effect  is  of  the  greatest  value. 

In  tropical  climates  or  in  situations  where  the  surrounding  air 
is  at  an  abnormally  high  temperature,  it  is  possible,  by  introducing 
a  small  refrigerating  plant  into  the  water  circulating  system,  to 
"super-cool"  and  control  the  temperature  of  the  air  down  to  a 
degree  far  below  the  corresponding  wet  bulb  temperature. 
Experiments  which  I  have  carried  out  show  that  it  is  pofsible  by 
this  means  to  reduce  the  temperature  of  the  air  to  within  a  few 
degrees  of  the   temperature    of   the  water  through   which   it  is 


The  first  cost  of  a  water  screen  filter,  of  course,  varies  with  the 
size  of  the  alternator  to  which  it  is  fixed.  In  machines  of,  say, 
up  to  3,000  KW.,  it  is  some  GO  per  cent,  greater  than  a  cloth  filter, 
but  in  the  case  of  larger  machines  of  5,000  k\v.  and  upwards  the 
advantage  as  regards  price  lies  with  the  water  screen  type. 

In  my  opinion,  due  to  the  increased  cooling  effict  obtained, 
especially  during  hot  weather,  an  extra  10  to  15  per  cent,  overload 
can  be  carried  on  any  machine  so  equipped  without  increasing  the 
temperature  rise,  and  if  a  super-cooling  refrigerator  is  fitted  in  the 
water  system,  this  overload  capacity  can  be  still  further  increased 
to  25  or  30  per  cent.  ;  in  fact,  I  firmly  believe  that  in  the  near 
future  turbines  of  ample  power  to  carry  extra  heavy  overloads  will 
always  be  provided.  The  attendant  will  then  simply  load  up  the 
alternators  to  which  they  are  coupled  till  their  temperature  attains 
a  predetermined  maximum  safe  limit,  and  electrically-controlled 
thermometers  on  the  switchboard  for  this  purpose  will  supersede 
the  ampere  and  wattmeters  now  used.  This  extra  cooling  effect  is 
perhaps  the  chief  advantage  of  this  system,  especially  where  large 
units  of  plant  are  concerned,  as  the  additional  output  obtainable 
for  practically  the  same  capital  outlay  amply  justifies  its  geneial 
adoption. 

The  Southwick  machine  is  generating  three-phase  alternating 
current,  50  periods,  at  8,000  volts  with  250  volts  excitation  on  the 
field  windings.  Our  equipment  has  Veen  running  since  August 
last  with  entire  satisfaction,  and  the  insulation  resistance  has  been 
consistently  maintained,  showing  that  any  moisture  carried  through 
with  the  air  is  harmlessly  evaporated  on  the  warm  windings  of  the 
machine,  and  that  this  type  of  filter  may  with  fafety  be  used  for 
ventilating  extra  high-tension  machines  or  air-cooled  transformers 
without  detriment  in  any  way  to  their  insulation.  The  additional 
humidity  in  the  air  really  has  a  beneficial  effect  on  the  insulation, 
preventing  it  from  being  baked  to  destruction  as  is  not  uncommon 
where  machines  are  run  at  high  temperature  and  heavy  overloads 
with  dry,  hot,  gritty  air  constantly  circulating  through  their  venti- 
lating ducts. 

Several  engineers  who  have  extessive  installations  of  cooling 
towers  in  close  proximity  to  their  ordinary  cloth  air  filter  intakes 
have  kindly  furnished  me  with  the  percentage  of  humidity  in  the 
air  as  now  used.  This  is  often  found  to  be  as  high  as  90  to  100 
per  cent.,  so  that  they  are  really  working  almost  under  the  same 
conditions  with  their  present  filters  as  regards  risk,  if  any,  to  the 
insulation  due  to  humidity,  but  without  the  cooling  and  cleansing 
advantages  of  the  water  screen. 

With  the  gigantic  units  of  plant,  10,000  KW.  and  upwards,  now 
being  installed  by  many  of  the  principal  undertakings  throughout 
the  country,  this  system  of  water  screen  filter  seems  to  offer,  so  far 
as  present  knowledge  goes,  the  most  satisfactory  solution  of  this 
somewhat  diflBcult  problem  of  suitably  conditioning  the  air  to  be 
used  for  their  effective  ventilation. 


At  the  conclusion  of  the  reading  of  his  paper.  Me.  Christie 
asked  manufacturers  of  machines  to  say  what  was  the  minimum 
insulation  resistance  considered  safe  with  10,000  volts. 

Mu,  Hale  (Sturtevsnt  Co.),  in  opening  the  discussion,  said  he 
had  for  some  time  been  an  advocate  of  water  spray  cooling,  and 
could  not  see  that  the  new  system  would  be  worse  than  the  old  one, 


where  in  many  caHCH  very  ilamp  uir  wo*  drawn  in.  In  one  dry 
filtration  plant,  Hpray  from  cooling  towerH  wan  drawn  in  and 
actually  froz<;  the  lilter  clothM,  and  prevented  air  from  pmMintr 
throu^'h   them  at  all. 

Mu.  I).  Hkn.nktt,  criticiHing  tho  wet  filtration  Byotem,  Haid  the 
metal  bailies  would  ruHt  away  ;  in  MancheHtcr  and  Lc«dH  the  clean- 
ing of  the  dry  filter  pockctH  occurred  only  hIx  or  eight  timeH  a  year. 
and  the  cost  was  attout  kH  per  annum.  The  moHt  convenient 
method  was  to  use  a  vacuum  cleaner,  and  the  condcuMer  vacuum 
could  be  used  ;  the  fire  riak  had  Ijeen  exaggerated.  TcbIh  of  the 
dry  filter  system  showed  a  water  gauge  re«iHtan(^  of  I  mm.  when 
newly  put  to  work,  increaaing  to  6  mm.  in  eix  weekn'  time,  when 
cleaning  took  place.  For  a  :t,000-KW.  plant  the  wet  nystem  would 
cost  27  per  cent,  more  than  the  dry,  while  the  position  wa«  rever»ed 
for  a  .".,000- KW.  plant,  in  which  cane  the  dry  filter  would  be  10  per 
cent,  more  costly. 

Mtt.  R.  .1.  Ky\ULA  (Willans  k  Robinson)  »aid  it  wao  poHsible  that 
with  a  machine  on  very  light  load,  some  moisture  wonld  be  deposited 
with  the  wet  filter  system,  and  it  might  be  better  to  shut  down  the 
water  spray  a  short  while  before  ttopping  to  ensure  that  dry  air 
was  passed  through.  Forced  ventilation  would  spread  a  fire  in  a 
machine  very  rapidly,  and  dampers  should  be  fitted  to  shut  off 
the  ventilation  if  necessary. 

Mr.  S.  E.  Fedde.v  (Sheffield)  eaid  very  little  appeared  to  be  known 
about  the  ventilation  of  machines  either  by  internal  or  external 
fans.  He  had  a  machine  which  would  give  ^,000  kw.  without, 
and  12,0(i0  K\v.  with  fan  ventilation.  The  external  fan  appeared 
to  have  to  overcome  the  suction  of  the  rotor  fan  before  it  did  good 
work,  and  it  had  therefore  to  be  large.  He  supposed  that  greater 
air  pressure  gave  a  greater  cooling  effect.  Some  manufacturers 
absolutely  refused  to  guarantee  their  machines  for  use  with  the  wet 
air  filter,  and  it  would  be  interesting  to  have  their  reasons. 

Mr.  a.  H.  Seaisuook  (Marylebone)  said  the  Oerlikon  Co.  had 
greatly  disliked  the  idea  of  the  wet  filter  system  being  used  in  con- 
nection with  plant  they  were  supplying  to  him,  but  as  a  result  of 
investigating  the  matter  they  were  converted  and  had  adopted  it 
for  several  plants. 

Mr.  F.  H.  Clough  (B.T.H.  Co.)  considered  the  Brighton  instal- 
lation very  convincing,  but  the  mica  and  asbestos  installation  used 
in  modern  machines  was  not  quite  so  impervious  to  moisture  as 
varnished  material,  and  it  would  be  necessary  to  look  into  the 
question.  The  safe  insulation  resistance  of  a  machine  could  be 
found  from  the  formula :  voltage  at  terminalF/(KW.  capacity  of 
plant  +  1,000). 

Mr.  Feldman  (A.K.G.)  did  not  think  manufacturers  could  be 
asked  to  accept  the  wet  filter  straightaway.  The  experience  of  his 
firm  was  that  it  was  not  profitable  to  connect  two  fans  in  series  as 
mentioned  in  the  paper,  and  he  thought  the  time  lag  would  inter- 
fere with  the  use  of  thermometers  on  the  switchboard  as  suggested, 
as  they  would  not  follow  load  fluctuations  closely. 

Mr.  J.  Shepherd  (L.C.C.  Tramways)  said  that  he  considered  the 
difference  in  cost  as  between  the  wet  and  dry  air  filters  was  such  a 
small  percentage  on  the  cost  of  a  generating  plant,  that  it  paid  to 
adopt  the  better  system.  The  County  Council  was  installing  a 
1 1 '0,000  cb.  ft.  wet  filtration  plant  at  Greenwich,  which  would  be 
the  largest  in  the  country.  From  experiments  made  he  had  found 
at  Greenwich  that  a  lOJiou-KW.  machine  would  have  in  one  year  to 
deal  with  10  cb.  ft.  of  dust,  which  illustrated  the  necessity  of 
adopting  adequate  air  filtration. 

Dr.  Ferbanti  pointed  out  that  it  was  a  mistake  to  think  of  wet 
air  being  introduced  into  a  generator  ;  this  was  not  proposed. 
Experience  in  America  with  air  compressed  by  means  of  water 
proved  that  the  air  was  very  dry  ;  it  appeared,  moreover,  that  if 
one  wanted  to  get  rid  of  the  small  particles  of  water  in  air,  the 
latter  should  be  brought  into  intimate  contact  with  a  body  of 
water  which  would  absorb  the  small  water  particles  and  leave  the 
air  dry.  In  the  wet  filtration  system  the  baffle  must  have  a  surface 
of  water  flowing  over  it  to  obtain  this  result.  Reduction  in  size 
of  generators  led  to  small  air  fassf ges,  which  were  easily  chckfd, 
and  this  in  turn  involved  filtration  of  the  air.  The  fire  risk  with 
a  cloth  filter  was  a  real  one  from  his  experience  ;  despite  the  care 
exercised  in  its  production  such  a  filter  was  a  makeshift.  Experience 
with  air-washing  plant  showed  that  there  was  no  cleaning  or 
stopping,  and  it  was  easy  to  get  over  freezing  by  turning  the  air 
from  the  engine  room  through  the  filter  in  cold  weather. 

Mr.  C.  H.  Wohdisgham  said  there  appeared  to  be  very  Httle 
danger  of  water  being  deposited  by  fairly  moist  air  in  a  warm 
machine.  In  regard  to  the  use  of  a  thermometer  on  the  switch- 
board, the  time  lag  was  not  of  so  much  importance,  provided  a 
safe  temperature  limit  was  not  exceeded  :  but  the  question  was 
how  to  measure  the  temperature  of  the  critical  part  of  the 
machine ! 

Mr.  Thos.  Roles  (Bradford)  said  his  experience  with  the  cloth 
filter  for  three  3,300-KW.  turbine  sets  had  convinced  him  that  it 
was  unsatisfactory.  He  found  at  Bradford  that  it  was  dirty  after 
one  month's  use  ;  in  dry  weather  the  dirt  could  be  removed  by  a 
vacuum  cleaner,  but  in  wet  weather  the  dirt  was  really  slime,  and 
it  was  often  necessary  to  scrap  the  filter  screens.  The  humidity  at 
Bradford  was  often  80  to  90  per  cent.  He  was  strongly  of  opinion 
that  it  would  pay  to  replace  the  dry  filters  at  this  station  by  the 
wet  type,  as  it  was  found  that  the  air  after  passing  the  present 
filters  was  not  free  from  very  fine  dust,  and  this  was  deposited  in  the 
machines,  so  that  in  time  the  latter  would  be  dangerously  choked. 

JIr.  John  Christie,  in  replying,  said  he  was  quite  satisfied  that 
the  resistance  of  the  water  spray  to  the  air  was  negligible  in  the 
wet  filter.  The  insulation  of  his  machine  was  IS  megohms,  with 
small  variations  up  and  down,  and  this  appeared  quite  satisfactory. 


1090 


THE    ELECTRICAL    RE VIEliV. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,8.'>7,  Jdnk  27,  1913, 


NEW    ELECTRICAL    DEVICES.    FITTINGS 
AND    PLANT. 


Electricity  in  the  Operating  Tlieatre. 

A  new  electrical  device  for  administerinp:  ana'athetics  dnring:  an 
operation  has  been  developed  by  Dr.  Edward  R.  Kei.locjc;,  of 
Los  Anpeles,  -who  uses  a  small  motor  and  pumps,  togrether  with  an 
electric  heater.  The  invention  not  only  enables  the  surg-eon  to 
operate  with  greater  dispatch  and  facility,  but  eliminates  some  of 
the  greatest  dangers  att€ndant  upon  operations  on  the  throat. 
One  of  the  great  causes  of  fatalities  following  an  operation  is 
pneumonia,  caused  by  the  lungs  becoming  chilled  through  the 
introdnction  of  the  cold  ether.  The  electric  heater  does  away  with 
this  by  bringing  the  ana'sthetic  to  blood  temperature.  The  warm 
vapour  is  pumped  through  a  rubber  tube  into  the  throat  of  the 
subject,  and  a  switch  regulates  with  precision  the  amount  of 
anasthetic  administered,  so  that  there  is  no  risk  of  giving  an 
excessive  amount  with  the  new  device.  While  the  patient  is  under 
its  influence,  the  operator  can  work  upon  the  throat  with  the  tube 


Fig.  1.- 


-motoe  and  pcmps  fob  administering 
Anesthetics. 


in  place,  knowing  that  there  will  be  no  occasion  for  him  to  stop  in 
the  middle  of  a  delicate  operation  to  replace  the  mask  and  give 
more  an;v3thetic.  This  eliminates  the  danger  of  the  patient 
strangling  from  clots  in  the  larynx  and  bronchial  tubes.  The 
blood  is  drawn  off  as  fast  as  it  flows  through  a  rubber  tube  used  by 
an  assistant,  connected  with  a  vacuum  bottle ;  by  the  action 
of  a  pump  the  vacuum  is  maintained  to  the  proper  degree 
for  drawing  away  the  blood  during  the  operation.  This  is 
a  great  advantage,  as  it  does  away  with  the  need  of  sponging, 
and  aUowe  the  operator  to  see  clearly  what  he  is  doing. 
The  suction  tube  is  valuable  in  other  ways,  such  as  removing 
obstructions  from  the  bronchi.  Pus  can  be  drawn  from  the  ear, 
the  nose  or  the  bronchi  when  necessary  by  this  device. 

The  device  in  a  Los  Angeles  Hospital  has  been  used  with  com- 
plete success  by  the  inventor  and  other  leading  specialists  in  more 
than  100  operations  The  illustration  shows  the  final  perfected 
model  of  the  apparatus. 

Generator  Protection  for  Cliicagro. 

By  an  unfortunate  slip,  the  titles  of  figs.  2  and  3  under  this 
heading  in  our  last  issue  were  interchanged.  The  error  will,  of 
course,  be  obvious  to  most  readers,  but  the  uninitiated  might  be 
misled. 

Magnetising  Permanent  Magnets. 

A  new  magnetising  device  for  permanent  magnets  has  just  been 
desig'ned  by  the  Witton  Kramer  Electric  Tool  and  Hoist  Co.  (for 
whom  the  General  Electric  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  67,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  London,  E.C.,  are  the  sole  selling  agents)  at  the  request  of 
large  manufacturers  of  permanent  magnets  with  a  view  to  enabling 
a  large  magnetising  force  to  be  effectively  applied  to  the  magnet 
during  the  magnetising  process.  As  will  be  seen  from  the  accom- 
panying illustration,  fig.  2.  it  consists  of  a  strong  electromagnet  with 
steel  pole- pieces  working  along  slides,  machined  and  fitted  with  high 
accuracy.  The  moving  poles  may  be  drawn  together  by  a  right 
and  left-handed  copper  screw.  The  permanent  magnet  is  gripped 
between  the  two  pole-pieces  by  operating  the  handwheel  attached  to 
the  screw.  The  particular  magnet  shown  requires  1  kw.  to  energise 
it.    The  jaws  may  be  opened  oat  from  1  in.  to  8  in. 


The  best  procedure  to  follow  is,  after  putting  the  magnet  in 
the  jaws,  switch  on  the  current  to  its  full  value.  Then  the 
current  is  reversed  and  the  magnetising  force  applied  in  the 
opposite  direction.      This    is    repeated  several  times,  and  on  the 


Fig.   2. 


-Witton-Kramer  JLagxetisixg   Device  fob 
Pebmakent  Magnets. 


final  application  of  the  current  in  the  correct  direction  for  magne- 
tising, the  current  should  not  be  suddenly  switched  off,  but  should 
be  diminished  gradually  to  zero.  A  number  of  these  magnetising 
devices  have  been  supplied  to  various  firms  for  making  permanent 
magnets  for  electric  meters. 

Measuring  the  Height  of  Poles. 

The  height  of  pole  required  to  keep  overhead  wires  clear  of  any 
obstruction,  such  as  trees,  buildings  or  other  wires  that  cross  a 
proposed  line,  can  be  ascertained  readily  by  a  simple  device  called 
the  "Teleheight."  It  is  a  vest  pocket  instrument  of  the  simplest 
construction,  with  which  the  object  to  be  cleared  is  sighted  ;  the 
spirit  level  that  forms  part  of  the  instrument  is  tilted  by  means  of 
a  thumbscrew  until  the  bubble  of  the  level  is  shown  in  a  mirror 
crossing  the  line  of  the  obstruction.  The  taming  of  this  screw  to 
the  required  position  brings  a  pointer  to  a  certain  number  on  the 
scale  attached  to  the  "  Teleheight,"  and  this  number  indicates  the 
height  of  a  pole  that  will  clear  the  top  of  the  tree  or  honse  by 
5  ft.,  allowing  for  the  sinking  of  the  pole  to  the  required  depth  in 
the  ground.  Thus,  if  the  foreman  who  reads  the  scale  finds  the 
pointer  at  50,  he  knows  that  a  50-ft.  pole,  sunk  6 J  ft.  in  the  earth, 
will  clear  the  obstruction  by  5  ft.  The  proper  angle  of  sighting  is 
found  readily  by  measuring  off  75  ft.  in  a  straight  line  from  the 
base  of  the  obstruction,  care  being  taken  to  remain  on  a  level  with 
the  point  from  which  this  measurement  is  made.  From  this 
distance  the  user  sights  the  top  of  the  tree  or  other  obstruction. 

It  is  understood  that  poles  of  different  height  require  different 
depth  in  the  ground,  and  therefore  the  calibrated  scale  allows  for 
the  various  heights.  For  instance,  a  7.'>-ft.  pole  will  require  to  be 
set  8  ft.  in  the  ground,  a  GO-ft.  pole  7  ft.,  and  a  30-ft.  pole  should 
be  set  5  ft.  deep.  The  foreman  does  not  have  to  stop  to  calculate 
this,  as  his  scale  gives  him  the  correct  height,  allowing  for  these 
variations. 

The  "  Teleheight "  was  invented  by  two  Mil  waukee  Street  Railway 
and  Lighting  Co.  officials,  who  had  found  that  much  of  their  time  was 
taken  up  in  adjusting  claims  made  by  property  owners,  whose  trees 
hsui  been  ruined  by  careless  trimming.  The  loss  of  time  and  money 
was  80  great,  that  it  was  recognised  that  a  remedy  must  be  found, 
and  £18  a  result,  Mr.  S.  B.  Way,  vice-president  and  general  manager, 
and  Mr.  John  L.  Fay,  superintendent  of  lines,  put  their  heads 
together,  and  devised  this  practical  instrument,  which  was  tried 
out  to  their  satisfaction  by  the  foremen  of  that  company.  The 
friction  between  the  corporation  and  the  public  was  lessened  by 
showing  due  regard  for  the  property  owners'  trees,  and  the  success 
of  the  device  was  so  pronounced  that  it  is  now  being  manufactured 
by  a  firm  in  St.  Louis,  W.  N.  Matthews  k  Bro.,  which  specialises 
in  telephone  supplies.  The  simplicity  of  operation  makes  the 
'Teleheight' efficient  in  the  hands  of  the  average  foreman.  The 
principle  employed  is  familiar  to  all  surveyors. 

Wireless  Recelrers  for  Time  Signals. 

In  view  of  the  faot  that  on  and  after  July  Ist  wireless  time 
signals  will  be  transmitted  daily  at  10  a.m.  and  at  12  midnight 
from  the  Eiffel  Tower,  and  at  12  noon  and  10  p.m.  from  Norddeioh, 
the  Svnchroso.me  Co.,  of  32  and  34,  Clerkenwell  Road,  are  offer- 
ing complete  wireless  receiving  sets  designed  for  watch  and  clock- 
makers.  The  necessary  instruments  are  combined  on  a  neat  board 
occupying  little  space,  and  the  whole  outfit  is  appropriately  called 
a  "  Horophone  '  No  technical  knowledge  in  the  use  of  the  appa- 
ratus is  required,  and  it  is  very  simple  in  construction. 


Vol.72.    No.  l,8r.7,  Junk  27,  lUi;i.] 


THE    ELKCTRICAL    KEVIEW 


1091 


K.A.C.  Mining  Mnitcliltoartls. 

The  illustration,  fltr.  3,  hIiowh  a  typical  mininir  hoard  recently 
Hiipplied  by  Tiiio  Ei.iifvruu'Ai.  Ari'AUA'nin  Co.,  Ltd  ,  of  V'auxhall 
Works,  South  Lamlwth  Uiud,  London,  S.W.  It  will  be  noticed 
that  this  compriMCH  a  number  of  panels,  and  that  the  main  portion 
of  each  is  a  Bubstantial  cast-iron  pedestal  :  the  top  of  this  forms 
a  bus-bar  chamber,  in  which  the  bus-bars  are  mounted  on  lari^e 
moulded  mica  insulators  j -in.  thick,  and  carries  the  oil  switch  of 


Fig.  ;1— E.A.C.  Minino  Switch roaUO, 

standard  E.A.C.  drum  pattern.  All  the  usual  acceseoriep,  such  as  in- 
struments, interlocks,  iic,  can  be  jrovided,  and  also  isolatirgf 
links  by  means  of  which  the  oil  switches  can  be  rendered  "  dead  "  for 
purposes  of  inspection  and  cleaningf.  Simplicity  is  a  leading 
feature  of  the  desigrn,  and  all  parts  are  readily  accessible.  Extens^ions 
are  effected  by  installing-  extra  panels,  and  are  facilitated  by  the 
fact  that  the  pedestals  for  all  sizes  of  switches  and  bus-bars  are  of 
the  same  general  dimensions. 

Astons'T.  T."  Fireproof  Lanipholders. 

Messrs.  Veritys,  Ltd.,  of  31,  King  Street,  W.C,  have  intro- 
duced a  switch  lampholder  completely  enca.=ed  in  an  "Astonite'' 
insulating  cover,  which  renders  it  impossible  to  touch  any  part 
of  the  metal  sleeve,  while  the  rest  of  the  metal  casement  of  the 
holder  is  dispensed  with  entirely.  The  design  is  such  that  the 
parts  are  firmly  held  in  position,  and  the  switch  is  a  neat  little 
quick-make  and  quick-break  type,  with  double  break  knife 
contacts  completely  sunk  in  the  porcelain  body,  and  operative  in 
either  direction.  The  holder  fully  complies  with  the  Home  Office 
regulations. 

Electric  Hot  PIate6. 

The  Schniewindt  Blecteic  Co.,  of  40,  Stamforth  Street, 
Birmingham,  have  brought  out  a  series  of  electric  hot-plates  in  a 
variety  of  patterns,  constructed  of  cast-iron  and  "  asbestos-cement," 
with  nickel-chrome  resistance  wire.  The  plates  are  very  strong 
and  light,  and  the  heating  elements  are  easily  replaced  if  necessary, 
but  are  very  durable.  They  are  put  forward  not  only  for  cooling, 
but  also  for  use  in  chemical  laboratories,  and  can  be  made  in  any 
shape  or  size  to  meet  requirements. 


OUR  LEGAL  QUERY  COLUMN. 

[  QuestioTis  addressed  to   this   column   should    be  written  on  one  side 
of  the  2>iper  only.^ 


"Rheostat"  writes  : — "In  my  premises  I  have  a  direct  current 
three-wire  supply  with  4G0  volts  across  the  outers,  motors  and  light- 
ing on  230  volts.  A  short  while  ago,  when  my  motors  were 
running  and  lamps  lit,  the  Supply  Co.  had  a  breakdown  on  one  side, 
which  put  460  volts  across  my  installation,  with  the  result  that  the 
lamps  and  motors  blew  up.  Can  I  make  the  Supply  Co.  pay  for  this 
damage  .'  Can  I  claim  for  broken  lamps  if  their  voltage  varies 
more  than  (is  it)  2  per  cent,  up  or  down  / " 

*,*  The  answer  to  this  question  depends  very  much  upon  the 
exact  facts  which  "Rheostat"  is  able  to  prove.  It  is  provided, 
by  Sec.  86  of  the  Schedule  to  the  Electric  Lighting  Clauses  Act, 
1899,  that  nothing  in  their  provisional  order  is  to  exonerate  the 
undertakers  from  any  indictment,  action,  or  other  proceedings  for 
nuisance  in  the  event  of  any  nuisance  being  caused  or  permitted  by 
them.  Again,  they  are  answerable  for  all  accidents,  damages  and 
injuries  happening  through  the  act  or  default  of  the  undertakers 
or  any  person  in  their  employment  by  reason  or  in  consequence  of 
any  of  the  undertaker's  works.  There  is  some  conflict  of  judicial 
and  other  opinion  as  to  whether  actual  negligence  must  be  proved 
to  account  for  an  accident  happening  in  circumstances  like  those 
described  by  "Rheostat."  Upon  the  whole,  the  opinion  is  expressed 
that  he  will  have  to  prove  negligence.  (See,  generally.  Electric 
Lighting  Clauses  Act,  1899,  Sec.  77  ;  Brocklehurst  c.  Manchester 
Tram  Co.,  17  Q.B.D.  118  ;  Midwood  r.  Manchester  Corporation, 
(1905)  2  K.B.  597. 


uiio  of  l^i'S:^,  but  do  nut  ncti  any  rutvrf.tKAs  U>  th«  varioun  method* 
of  charging  ;  for  iniitance,  in  one  town  wo  are  charged  for  the 
motor-generator  which  in  connected  to  the  proji-ction  arc  lamp  until 
in  conn('<'tion  with  the  cinematograph  apparatnn,  at  lighting  rat«, 
whereas  in  another  town  wo  are  chargwl  at  [xjwor  rat*!.  It  always 
seems  to  me  that  thiH  particular  riiachino  givn  ono  of  the  mitut 
romuncrativo  typcH  of  loud,  ai*  the  loa<l  factor  UMualljr  approxi- 
mates 50  or  flu  per  cent.  I'urther,  the  Act  of  IH82  Htmtcn  that  the 
undertaker  Hhull  not  be  entitled  to  prevoribe 
any  form  of  lamp  or  burner,  or  in  any  waj 
control  or  interfere  with  the  manner  in  which 
electricity  is  used. 

"Another  instance:  with  an  average  load 
factor  of  about  35  per  cent.,  we  are  charged 
an  average  of  I  '.i.'>d.  per  unit,  whereax  a  man 
who  cooks  his  chop  in  his  oflice  or  boil*  a 
kettle  at  exactly  the  same  time  Ih  charged 
Id.  per  unit,  and  this,  of  course,  seems  to  me 
to  be  a  most  unreasonable  advantage  to  him, 
although,  of  course,  his  loml  factor  is  abso- 
lutely inSnitesimal,  and  consequently  his  unite 
cost  very  much  more  to  generate.  Again  in 
the  Act  of  18'^2  in  8ec.  18.  it  ii  laid  down  that 
'  every  person  is  entitled  to  a  supply  of 
electricity  on  the  name  terms  as  any  other 
persona  under  similar  circumstances  are  to  a 
corresponding  supply.' 

"  In  a  certain  town  we  start  our  motor- 
generator  which,  as  I  stated  previously,  sup- 
plies the  current  of  the  projection  arc  lamp 
used  in  connection  with  the  cinematograph  apparatus,  at  1 1  o'clock 
in  the  morning  and  it  is  run  without  interruption  until  10  30  at 
night,  and  yet  we  have  to  pay  as  much  for  our  current  aa  a  man 
who  runs  a  similar  size  motor  on  a  circular  saw  and  stops  at 
5  o'clock  in  the  evening.  For  the  rate  of  charging  to  be  absolutely 
fair,  it  appears  that  we  should  both  be  charged  the  same  price  up 
to  5  or  6  o'clock  in  the  evening,  and  then  if  the  current  cost  more 
to  generate,  we  might  reasonably  be  asked  to  pay  more  for  same. 

"As  a  rule  the  companies  admit  that  they  cannot  give  undue 
preference,  and  claim  that  they  do  not,  because  they  say  that  they 
charge  all  cinematograph  theatres  the  same  price,  and,  in  some 
cases,  I  admit  they  do,  but  does  not  this  argument  amount  to  a 
claim  that  they  are  entitled  to  give  preference  to  one  trade  and 
boycott  another  .'  Yet  the  Act  distinctly  states  that  every  person 
must  be  treated  on  the  same  terms,  and  so  far  as  I  know  the  law 
treats  a  public  company  as  a  "Person  or  persons."  If  the  Electric 
Light  Co.  can  discriminate  between  the  various  trades,  why  cannot 
the  Water  Co.  ;  yet  so  long  as  we  use  the  same  gallons  of  water 
per  day  as  any  other  consumer,  we  have  the  advantage  of  paying 
for  it  at  the  same  price.  Further,  in  a  certain  case  an  electric 
supply  authority  have  refused  to  supply  us  with  electric  current  for 
the  purpose  of  driving  fans,  at  the  power  rate,  because  they  say 
that  the  cables  are  run  in  capping  and  casing — the  voltage  being 
230 — and  if  we  are  to  have  the  benefit  of  the  power  rate,  we  must 
run  the  cables  in  a  screwed  steel  barrel.  These  requirements  seem 
to  me  to  be  absolutely  illegal.' 

***  There  is  no  case  which  bears  specially  upon  the  different 
charges  for  lighting,  power  and  heating  ;  in  other  words,  there  is 
no  decision  which  says  "  in  these  circumstances  the  undertakers 
must  charge  as  for  power,  or  in  these  conditions  the  undertakers 
may  charge  as  for  light."  Further,  the  practice  appears  to  vary 
(quite  legitimately)  in  different  districts,  and  so  long  as  the  rules 
about  undue  preference  are  observed,  there  is  no  reason  why  the 
company  may  not  make  what  charge  it  likes  for  cinematograph  or 
other  purposes  within  the  statutory  limits.  It  is  difficult  to  see 
how  supply  to  a  cinematograph  can  be  described  otherwise  than  as 
supply  for  lighting  purposes.  With  regard  to  undue  preference, 
it  may  be  mentioned  that  in  the  case  of  Metropolitan  Electric 
Supply  Co.  i:  Cinder  (1901),  2  Ch.  799,  it  was  laid  down  that 
"  uniformity  of  demand  "  and  "  day-time  service  "  were  factors  to 
be  considered  in  deciding  whether  one  consumer  is  preferred  to 
another.  As  to  the  refusal  to  supply  current  for  fans,  that  seems 
to  be  unjustifiable. 


PATENTS    EXPIRING    IN    1913. 


"  Cinema  "  writes  :— (1)  "I  shall  be  glad  to  know  if  a  case  has 
ever  been  settled  in  the  Courts,  bearing  on  the  question  of  the 
different  charges  of  the  Electric  Light  Co.  for  lighting,  power  and 
heating.      I  have  carefully  looked  up  all  the  Acts,  including  the 


(.Concluded  from  page  1007.) 

21,778.  "Lifts."  H.  Rowntree.  October  31st.— Relates  to  electrically 
operated  and  controlled  lifts  in  which,  (II  the  cage  being  at  rest  at  any  landing 
it  can  be  sent  to  any  other  landing  by  pressing  a  button  at  any  one  landing; 
(2)  once  started  the  motion  of  the  cage  cannot  be  arrested  or  reversed  until  it 
has  arrived  at  the  landing  to  which  sent;  (3)  the  cage  slows  down  and  stops 
aatomatioally ;  and  (4)  the  cage  cannot  be  operated  so  long  as  a  door  at  any 
one  of  the  landings  is  open. 

Ql,881.  "Electric  lamps;  alloys."  H.H.Lake.  (Soc.  de  Commentry-Four- 
cbambault  et  Decazeville.)  November  1st. — Leading-in  wires  are  made  of 
alloys  of  iron  and  nickel,  and  may  also  contain  other  metals.  A  nickel. steel 
alloy  with  about  36  per  cent,  of  nickel  has  a  temperature-expansion  coefficient 
nearly  zero,  and  by  adding  a  proper  quantity  of  one  metal,  preferably  nickel, 
the  alloy  can  be  made  to  have  the  same  coefficient  as  any  glass  used  for  bulbs. 
The  wire  is  enclosed  in  thin  glass,  melted  at  the  lowest  possible  temperature, 
so  that  the  wire  does  not  come  in  contact  with  the  llame. 

22,020.  "  Wireless  telegraphy."  W.  P.  Thompson  and  F.  Brack.  November 
3rd.— Relates  to  wireless  telegraphy  in  which  the  spark  gap  is  arranged  in  the 
primary  of  a  transformer,  the  secondary  being  connected  to  earth  and  aerial 
conductor.  A  Leyden  jar  is  used  as  a  generator,  but  an  induction  coll  may  be 
employed. 


1092 


THE    ELECTRICAL    REVIEW. 


[Vol.  72.     No.  1,8:.7,  JCSE  27,  191S, 


23.176.  "Lamps."  A.  DrrxoK  and  W.  M.  Gakdner.  Kovembcr  24th.— 
Light  of  the  same  quality  ae  daylight  is  obtained  (nm  an  electric  arc  or  other 
lamp  by  passirg  the  light  trcm  this  ikrooeh  ccpper-eulphate  enlutirn,  or 
throDgb  glass  coloured  with  copper  oxide  or  oiheiwife,  cr  by  reflecting  the 
light  trom  a  coloored  snilace,  the  materials  Dsed  being  socb  as  to  absorb  rays 
occurrinfT  in  excess  in  the  lamplight.  The  light  so  ibtained  is  SDilable  (or 
coloar-matchiEg  or  general  lightirg. 

23,501.  "Electric  lighting."  W.  L.  Wise.  (Moore  Electrical  Co.) 
November  24th. — Relates  to  rtcDDm-iDbe  lighting.  The  generator  is  con- 
structed to  produce  an  alternating  electromotive  force  varying  with  great 
abruptoess.  The  generator  sopplies  the  lampe,  acd  a  condenser  and 
inductive  resistance  are  connecteo  with  the  circuit.  In  other  arrargcments, 
step-up  transformers  may  be  employed, 

24,048.  "Autographic  telegrtphs."  F.  Eitchie.  December  2nd.— Eelates 
to  that  class  cf  autographic  telegraphs  in  nhich  the  levels  attached  to  the 
transmitting'Stylus  cause  the  movement  of  levers  over  sectional  resistances 
arranged  in  arcs.  At  the  receiving  station  the  levers  conrocied  to  the 
recording-pen  are  actuated  by  line  roils  pivoted  in  strong  magnetic  fields.  An 
application  for  the  extension  of  the  term  of  tb:s  patent  has  been  made. 

34,450.  "  Electric  telegraphs."  J.  A.  L.  Deablcvx  and  B.  G.  Ebowk. 
December  8tb.— -Automatic  tran^mitiing  apfaiatus  for  submarine  and  other 
working  is  arranged  »iih  needles  pivoted  to  the  ends  of  levers  i onnected  to 
i:arth  and  line.  The  levers  have  controUing-spiirgs  ard  extensions,  with 
which  a  spring,  foimirg  an  extension  cf  a  lever  cariyirg  steps,  engages.  The 
levers  can  make  contact  with  fixed  >tops,  or  with  ibe  steps  on  the  lever,  these 

flops  being  connected  directly  to  the  battery  or  indirectly  through  the  curbing 
evice.  The  lever  carrjirc  the  stops  is  continuoosly  reciprccated  by  the  cam 
disk,  which  is  also  connected  by  the  link  and  tpring  with  the  lever.  The 
contact-lever,  together  with  a  fixed  step  and  connected  leverp,  are  mounted 
on  a  slide  provided  with  an  adjusting  screw,  the  position  of  the  slide  deter- 
mining the  curbing  action. 

24,71S.  "Telephone  systems."  J.  E.  KcsosBtJBY.  (Western  Electiic  Co.) 
December  12th.— Relates  to  telephone  systems  in  which  a  central  toarre  cf 
power  is  employed  (or  both  signalling  and  conversing.  In  the  subfcriber's 
apparatus,  either  tracsmitter  or  receiver  may  be  tbtmted  by  an  impedarce 
coil,  which  may  form  an  additional  circuit  on  the  induction  ceil.  Ariange- 
ments  are  described  by  which  "private  "  or"  exchange  "  extersicns  connected 
to  a  local  exchange  may  communicate  with  that  exchange,  with  cne  anciher, 
or  the  "exchange"  extensions  with  the  main  exchange  tbrongh  the  local 
exchange  by  means  of  a  source  of  power  located  at  the  central  exchatge. 

25,186.  "Wireless  telegraphy."  G.  Mabcosi  and  Makcoki's  Wireless 
Telegraph  Co.  December  19th -Relates  to  wireless  telegraphc  spparatns 
in  which  the  receiving-appatatu?  is  arranged  as  described  in  specifications 
No.  12,326,  A.D.  1S98  and  No.  6,982,  a.d.  I!?M.  The  secondaiy  ri  cnit  of  the 
induction  coil  is  connected  at  each  end  to  the  coherer,  and  is  divided  n  the 
centre  by  a  condenser.  The  condenser  is  also  arranged  in  the  local  ciicuii, 
including  the  impedance  coils,  battery,  and  receiver.  The  induction  coil  msy 
be  arrarged  with  the  halves  of  the  secondaiy  coil  wound  in  a  single  layer,  or 
in  a  series  of  layers  dtcreasirg  cutwaidly  in  the  number  cf  convcluticns. 
The  length  of  the  wire  in  the  single  layer  form  corresponds  with  the  height  of 
be  aerial  conductor. 

25,346.  "  Perforators  for  autcmatic  telegraphs."  A,  B.  Fbajiiios  and 
F.  L.  MriBHEAE.  December  2l6t. — Relates  to  improvements  in  the  class  of 
instruments  described  in  specification  Nr.  2,904,  a.d.  1897.  The  key  levers 
are  arranged  below  the  surface  of  the  case.  The  acting  portions  of  the 
levers  are  brought  up  through  an  cpeiingintbe  case,  and  aie  so  bent  as  to 
form  a  vertical  series,  of  which  the  upper  and  lower  represpniing  the  signal 
keys  can  co-act  with  the  central  or  spacing  punch,  which  can  act  by  itse.f.  The 
punch  holders  are  held  back  by  springs  actirg  on  a  block,  throogh  which  ihe 
signal  punch  holders  slide,  but  which  is  attached  to  the  spacug  ptinch  holder. 
The  key  levers  may  be  operated  by  electromagnets,  contact  keys  being  em- 
ployed to  close  the  local  circuits. 

25.767.  "Electric  motors,  lifts."  H.  Rowstbek.  December  30th.— Relates 
to  continuous-current  motoistor  operating  lifts,  Ac,  and  to  the  roesns  ftr 
varying  the  speed  and  direction  of  operation  thereof.  A  motor  is  employed  in 
which  the  armature  and  field  are  independently  revoluble,  and  cne  o!  these 
parts  is  rotated  by  an  auxiliary  motor,  which  may  be  an  electric,  steam,  gas, 
or  other  motor.    The  speed  and  direction  of  rotation  of  the  main  motor  are 

cnirolled  by  varying  the  strength  of  ihe  carient  supplied  either  to  its  field 
or  armature. 

25.768.  "Lifts,  cage."  H.  Rowstbee.  December  30ih.— In  electrically 
actuated  and  controlled  lifts,  the  fol'owing  objects  are  effected,  viz.: — ell  All 
the  movements  of  the  cage  are  controlled  by  pushbuttons  in  ihe  cage  and  at 
the  landings.  (2)  By  the  operation  of  a  push  button  at  a  landirg,  or'a  corres- 
ponding one  in  the  cage,  the  mcvenient  cf  ihe  cage  to,  and  automatic  step- 
page at,  that  landing  is  etiected.  (3)  The  bo  sting-methanism  cannot  be  put 
into  action  until  all  the  well  doors  are  closed.  (4)  A  push-button  having  been 
operated,  any  substtjuent  operation  of  aroihfr  button  is  ineffective  until  the 
cyc'e  of  operations  proper  to  the  first  hution  has  leen  completed.  |51  The 
motion  of  the  cage  is  automatically  accelerated  and  retarded  as  it  is  started 
and  stopped  respectively.  The  necessary  electric  circuits  are  shown  diagram- 
mat  cally  in  the  specification. 


13,435.  "  Dynamo-electric  machines."  Fikueks  Beob.  Dynaho  Woeks,  Lii>, 
(Siemene-Schuckertwerke  Q.m.b.U.  Germany.)    June  10th.    (Complete.) 

13.447.  "Electric  elevator  systems."  E.  M.  Fkaser.  (Convention  date, 
July  29tb,  1913,  United  States.)    June  10th.    (Ckimplete.) 

13,450.  "  Three-phase  differential  gear."  L.  Facx  and  B.  Taise.  (Con- 
vention date,  June  2Ut,  1912,  France.;    June  10th.    (Complete.) 

13,458.  "  Ealectrical  device  for  the  selective  detection  of  [ericdic  electrical 
impulses."    B.  P.  Howgrave-Grahav.    June  10th. 

13,465.  "Separation  of  liquid  sosiei  sions."  British  TBOiisoa-HocgToii 
Co.,  Ltd.    (General  Electric  Co.,  United  elates.)    June  10th. 

13,480.  "  Apparatus  for  testing  the  specific  gravity  of  acid  in  cells  with 
sealed  covers."    D. P.  Battery  Co  ,  Ltd.,  and  T.  C  Elxiot.    June  11th. 

13,490.  "Vapour  electric  tppa-aius."  M.  von  RECKLisonAnsEii,  A. 
Helbkonner  ana  V.  Henri.  (Dn.dtd  aiplcation  on  24,6  3,  1912,  Uctober  28tb.) 
June  11th.    (Complete.) 

13,.'>41.  "A  magnetic  brush  or  brcom  for  separating  ferrous  metals  frcmnon- 
ferrous  metals."      J.  W.  Bbya.nt.    Jukellib. 

13,546.  "Pneumatic-electric  trackers  for  electrc-mecbanically  operated 
musical  instruments."    (J.  W.  Dcrricot.    June  11th.    (Complete.) 

13,587.  "Automatic  adjustable  electrical  overload  circuit  breakers," 
H.  T.  HoLUES  and  J.  Kemp-Welch.    June  12tb. 

13,5tS8.  "hunk  switches,  wall-sockeiB  and  brackets."  J.  B.  UiiBLrjoHS. 
June  12th. 

13,^^9.  "Means  for  automatically  shutting  cfT  steam  or  electrical  current 
and  applying  the  brakes  when  the  signal  is  against  a  railway  train."  W.  B. 
McBaiii.    June  12th. 

13,602.  "Manufacture  of  electric  cables."  C.J.  Beaver  and  E.  A.  Clabe- 
mont.    June  12th. 

13,610.  "Cooling  electrical  and  other  apparatus."  Aet.-Ges.  Bbcwv, 
Bovebi  et  CiE.  (Convention  date,  February  20tb,  1913,  Germany.)  June  13th. 
(Complete.) 

13,616.  "  Intercommunication  telephone  systems  and  apparatus  therefor." 
J.  A.  RoMER.    June  12tb. 

13.632.  "Toriuous  filament  electric  incandescent  lamps."  A.  Gbaumont. 
(Convention  date,  June  13th,  1912,  Fiance.)    June  13th.     (Complete.) 

13,636.  "  Receivers  for  use  in  wireless  telegraphy  and  telephony." 
Marconi's  Wireless  Telegraih  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  C.  U.  Feankiin.    June  13ib. 

13  637.  "  Means  for  increasing  the  frequency  cf  alternating  currents." 
Marconi's  Wireless  Teligraph  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  C.  8.  Frakklin.     June  12ih. 

13,654.  "  Electric  switches."  E.  A.  Fageblcnd.  (Addition  to  13,353 of  1913. 
Convention  date,  June    14tb,  1912,  Sweden.)    June  12tb.    (Complete.) 

13,656.  "Systems  of  electric  distribution."  British  Thomsom-Hodbtor  Co., 
Ltd.     (General  Electric  Co.,  United  States.)    June  12th. 

13,660.    "Electric  lighting  incicator."  J.  C.  Hctton.  June  12th.  (Complete.) 

13,6f4.  "Magnetic  compasses  for  ships'  boats  or  the  like."  0,  A.  Bart- 
LEiT  and  T.  W.  BhtcE.    June  13ih. 

13.694.  "Method  of  lighting  and  unlocking  miners"  safety  lamps  with 
alternating  current."    W.W.  Gordon.    June  13th. 

13.695.  "Incandescent  electric  lamp  filaments."      C.  W.  Read.    June  ISih. 
13j6t8.    "  Electric  fountains  and  water  display  effects  and  fittings  and  appli- 
ances used  in  cor  necticn  with  them."    H.  P.  Alusor.    June  13th. 

13,716.    "  Electric  clock."    J.  G.  fccTT.    Jtme  18th, 

13,721.     "Electric  switches."    0.  Lucas  and  F.  Handley.    Jane  I3th. 

l.<t,';27.  "  Electric  Ignition  devices  for  acetylene  cr  other  gas  lamps."  E  ee 
Fa  YE  BENorF.    June  13th. 

13,748.  "Selectors  for  autciEatic  or  semi-automatic  telephone  sysfeme." 
Siemens  &  Halske  aet.-Ges.  (Convention  date,  June  22nd,  1912,  Germany.) 
June  13'.h.    (Complete.)j 

13,755.  "Preducticn  of  high-tension  discharges."  W.  H.  Wilson. 
June  13th. 

13,764.     "Electrical  resistances."    W.  M.  Moedey.    June  13lb, 

13,';G9.  "  Operation  of  by-pasa  gas  burners  by  electrical  current."  E.  J. 
Parslew.    June  14ih.    (Complete.) 

13,782.    "Sparking  plugs."     A.Dale.    June  14th. 

13,791.  "  Commutator  (or  electrical  dynamos  and  motors."  L,  Earixask, 
June  14th. 

13,793  "Apparatus  for  causirg  electrical  impulses  for  transmission  to  a 
distance"  J.  A.  Gardner  and  A.  Feegcson.  (Addition  to  27,223/10.)  Jure 
14ih.    (Complete.) 

13,820.  "EUcttical  connection  devices  for  railway  ard  like  vehicles."  L. 
Boibaclt.  (Convention  date,  July  29th,  1912,  France.)  Jun";  Mth.  (Com- 
plete.) • 

13  822.  "Electrical  illuminating  apparatus  or  irstriments."  H.  Cbebcn, 
H.  DoMiNici  and  R.  BivrAED.  (Convention  date,  June  15th,  1912,  Frecce.) 
June  14ih.    (Complete.) 

13,823.  "Starling  and  lighting  systems  for  motor  road  vehicles."  W.  H. 
Olaser,    June  14th. 


NEW    PATENTS    APPLIED    FOE.     1913. 

(NOT  YET  PUBLISHED.) 

Compiled  expressly  for  this  journal  by  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thompfod  4  Co., 
Electrical  Patent  Agents,  285,  High  Holbom,  London,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford,  to  whom  all  inquiries  should  be  addressed. 


13,275.    "Adjustable  telephone  arms."    McIfK  J.  D.  Carter.    Jnte9ib. 

13,305.     "Electricity  meter?."    G.  Wall  and  Fepbanti,  Ltd.    June  9tb. 

13,308.  "E.'ectromegnetic  friction  ccoplirgs."  P.  FofsTEE.  •  iCe  nvtLtitn 
date,  June  6th,  1912,  Gei many.)    June9tb.    iCenplete.) 

13,810.  "Systems  and  apparatus  of  radio  control."  J.  H.  P/mj:o>d,  jrs. 
((Convention  date,  June  7th,  1912,  United  Slates.)    June  9th.    (Complete.) 

1.3,315.  "  Alternating  current  electromagnets."  Otis  Elevator  Co.,  Ltd. 
Otis  Elevator  Ges  m.b.H.,  Germany.)    June  9th.    (Complete.) 

13,343.    "Electric  I'ght  fittings."    J.  A.  Bavzb.  and  A.  Foeiescce.  Jure  9lb. 

13,347.  "Governing  mechanism  for  prime  movers."  British  Tbcsison- 
RocsTOR  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  F.  Saucelsok.    (Addition  to  9,24.'  11  )    June  9th. 

13.358.  "Means  (or  automatically  operaiirg  electriral  resistances,  more 
particularly  for  n^e  in  conjunction  with  ccncectors,  sueh  as  Ismphclders,  wall 
sockets,  and  the  like."    J.  P.  Natlor  and  Natloe(.raph,  Lid.    June  9ih. 

13.359.  "  Electric  safety  devices  against  hooie-breakirg,  burglary,  and  the 
like."    C.  Pastoee.    June  9th.     (Complete.) 

13,379.  "Inspection  attachments  for  the  cylinders  of  intemal-com- 
bostion  engines,  and  spmkirg  plugs  for  use  in  coniection  wiih  sncb 
attachments."  Electbic  Iositios  Co.  (1913),  Lid.,  and  A.  E.  Fletcher. 
June  lOth. 

13,E87.  "System  of  multiple  telepbone-call  indicatotB."  8.  D.  Willums. 
June  10th. 

1.3,389.    "Electrical  connectors."    C.  R.  Bellixo.    June  10th. 

13,406.  "  Attachment  of  the  filaments  of  electric  glow  lamps  to  the  Icading- 
in  wires."    J.  Plechati.    June  10th.    (Complete.) 

13,418.     "  Reverse  power  relays."     E.  O.  Waters.    June  10th. 


PUBLISHED    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Copies  of  any  of  the  Specifications  in  the  following  list  may  be  obtained 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Thohpson  &  Co.,  286,  High  Bolbom,  W.C,  and  at 
Liverpool  and  Bradford  ;  price,  post  free,  9d.  (in  stamps). 


1912. 

TCKOfcTES    FitAMEXT    AND    A    PROCESS    OF    MASrrACTtTRlNO    SaXE.     J.    HubSTS. 

(Julius  Pinuch  Akt.-Ges  i    5,026.    February  2tth.    (Cognate  application, 
No.  8,758  of  1912.) 

TlNSTEN    F  LAMENT    AND    A    PEOOrSS    OF      MANCFiCl  CBIKO    6aME.        J.     HubCrS. 

(JuiusPintsch  Akt.-Ges.)    6,C27.    February  28th. 
Draws  Metal  FiiAMENT  *ND  a  Piocess  cp  MANrFA<TrEi>G  Same.    J.  Hubert. 

(Julius  pinttch   Aki.  Gts.)    f.,(;2J'.    February  2fcth.    (Cognate  application, 

No.  3,749  of  1913) 
Methoids  a>d  Appahaics  for  Cbaroino  Stobage  Batteries.    D.  H.  Wilson. 

9,735.    April  24th.     (Addition  to  ho.  9,593  of  1912.) 
Electrical  HEATl^G  AppARAirs.    R.  B.  Matthews.    )2,3i(>.    May  24th. 
Safety  Apparatus  iob  Signalling  On  and  Stopping  Trains  »dei'Endekti,y  or 

THE  Dbi\-eb.    E.  Wittlake.    12,b71     May  2nb. 
Electric  SpABe blights.     6oc.  Anon.  Clficiie  Galileo.      12,380.      May  34th. 

(May  31st,  1911.) 
Holi>fbs  for  Incandescent  Eiectsic  Lamps.    J.  P.  Naylor  and  Naylorgrapb, 

Ltd.     12,881.     May24tii. 

CorPLlNGS  AND  MEANS  Ft  R  FASTENING  WlBES    ToOETBER    AND    10    TeBMIKALS  OF 

Electric    Battebies,    Lamps,   Wall    Plugs    and    lther    Apparatus    ob 

Appliances.     V.  C.  H.  Gibson.    r.',446.    May  2th. 
Drawings  of  Wibesi,  and  more  partkuiarly  of  Tcngstkh  and  other  M«tal 

Filaments.    C.  Gladiiz.    12.469.     Mayl5tb. 
Telephone  Exchange  SYSTEMS.    E.  R.  Coiwin.    12,547.    M»y28ih. 
Procksb  tor  the  Manttfacture  of  Filaments  of  Alloys  of  Tukssten.    M.  M 

Huliers,  executrix  of  the  late  J.  bubeis,  deceased'.    (Julius  Pinl«ch  Akt, 

Ges.)    12,762.    May  30th. 


TK       The  Electrical  review 
1 

E/V5 

V.72 

■til  h  MIL  Jim  — 


iii. 


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